PMID- 6990204 TI - Analysis of rpsD mutations in Escherichia coli. IV. Accumulation of minor forms of protein S7(K) in ribosomes of rpsD mutant strains due to translational read through. AB - A certain proportion of protein S7 exists in an altered form in E. coli rpsD (S4) mutants. Depending on the type of S4 mutation involved, two different forms of the altered S7 can be distinguished. The unusual form is longer than normal S7 by about 500 daltons due to extra material at the carboxyl end of the protein. It is suggested that a mutationally altered S4 might lower the efficiency of termination during translation of the messenger for S7. This results in an increased frequency of translational read-through, which gives the observed longer forms of S7. Data are interpreted to mean that one class of S4 mutants might suppress UGA and UAG whereas another class only suppresses UGA. PMID- 6990205 TI - A new mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in excision of UV damaged sites in DNA. AB - An UV-sensitive yeast mutant, uvs12, with almost unchanged sensitivity to gamma irradiation and methylmethane sulphonate was obtained. uvs12, non allelic to any of the known UV-sensitive mutants from radI to rad21 is defective in early steps of excision repair. This inference is based on the fact that after 4-5 h post irradiation incubation unexcised pyrimidine dimers are retained in nuclear DNA, which follows from two independent tests: the retention of UV-endonuclease sensitive sites and enhanced survival after photoreactivation. PMID- 6990206 TI - Miss Ruth Ashton: a profile. PMID- 6990207 TI - New Zealand inquiry into chiropractic. PMID- 6990208 TI - Comparison of a single-dose and twice-a-day spironolactone therapy in mild hypertension. AB - Once-a-day therapy with spironolactone has been compared with a twice-a-day regimen in an open crossover trial in patients with essential hypertension. When compared with placebo, both treatments significantly lowered blood pressure. Twice-a-day therapy provided slightly better blood pressure control than the once a-day dosing schedule. There were only minor differences in biochemical findings between the two regimens. Three of the 17 patients developed reversible gynaecomastia. PMID- 6990209 TI - Direct blood transfusion. PMID- 6990210 TI - Direct blood transfusion. PMID- 6990211 TI - Regression of cancer of the rectum after intensive meditation. PMID- 6990212 TI - Comparison of piretanide and chlorothiazide in the treatment of cardiac failure. AB - Piretanide, a diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle, was used to treat patients with cardiac failure. Over a three-day period it caused a significant dose related diuresis and weight loss. It was as effective as chlorothiazide in the control of cardiac failure and was well tolerated by the patients. Potassium loss was less than occurred with chlorothiazide. Its role in the treatment of cardiac failure requires further study and warrants further investigation. The study also showed that many patients with cardiac failure receive diuretic drugs which are not necessary. PMID- 6990213 TI - Continuing education: a solution. PMID- 6990214 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) in advanced breast carcinoma. AB - Combination chemotherapy including adriamycin is proving highly effective therapy for advanced breast carcinoma. This trial was designed to determine the response to and toxicity of a combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5 fluorouracil (CAF). Twenty-six patients with metastatic breast carcinoma who had measurable sites of disease were evaluated. The over-all response rate was 62% being made up equally of complete (CR) and partial (PR) remittors. An additional 19% of patients had less than 50% tumour regression while only 19% had progressive disease. Patients with predominantly soft tissue or visceral metastases responded regularly to CAF, but bone metastases proved to be somewhat more resistant. Toxicity was not great; leucopenia was the most common manifestation, and no severe infections occurred during the trial. Cardiotoxicity occurred in one patient, who received more than 450 mg/m2 of adriamycin. The median time to relapse for responders (CR + PR) was 18 months. Responding patients have had a significantly longer survival than patients with progressive disease. Median survival time of responding patients (CR + PR) is not yet reached; 50% of the patients are still alive 30 months after commencing the trial, while, for patients with progressive disease, median survival time was only six months and none of the original five patients are alive. These and other reported results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant comparative evaluation of endocrine manipulation, combination chemotherapy, and both modalities concurrently, to define the optimal initial management for metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6990215 TI - Comparison of labetalol, hydrallazine, and propranolol in the therapy of moderate hypertension. AB - The efficacy of labetalol, an alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking drug, has been compared with that of placebo, of propranolol alone, of hydrallazine alone, and of hydrallazine plus propranolol in combination in a randomized double-blind, fixed-dose crossover trial. Labetalol (300 mg twice a day) was equally effective with propranolol (80 mg twice a day), and more effective than hydrallazine (50 mg twice a day) alone. The effect of labetalol was comparable with that of hydrallazine plus propranolol when the patient was standing, but less potent with the patient in the supine position. Side effects were few. PMID- 6990216 TI - Acebutolol in mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind crossover study. AB - The effect of acebutolol (Sectral) was compared with that of placebo in 30 patients with mild to moderate hypertension who were receiving a thiazide diuretic. Ten patients did not complete the study. In the remaining 20 patients, acebutolol (mean dose, 910 +/- 408 mg/day) produced significantly greater reduction both in supine and in erect systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 16 weeks than placebo plus chlorothiazide P less than 0.005). Pulse rate also fell significantly. Four patients did not have a consistent reduction in blood pressure. Acebutolol was found to be an effective hypotensive agent with relatively few side effects. PMID- 6990217 TI - The rights of the living and the rights of the dying. PMID- 6990218 TI - [When is fibrinolytic therapy indicated?]. PMID- 6990219 TI - [Thallium-myocardial scintigraphy: early diagnosis of myocardial blood flow disorders]. PMID- 6990220 TI - Bromocriptine to prevent lactation. PMID- 6990221 TI - Amcinonide (Cyclocort) - a new topical corticosteroid. PMID- 6990222 TI - [Trial of individual and mass combantrine treatment of pinworm- and ascarid infested children and adults]. PMID- 6990223 TI - [Results of practical rebeftal repellent aerosol trials]. PMID- 6990224 TI - [Merozoite count in the morulas of different strains of P. vivax]. PMID- 6990225 TI - [In memoriam P. G. Shute (P. G. Shute's studies of Plasmodium vivax strains)]. PMID- 6990226 TI - Falciparum malaria in Minnesota. PMID- 6990227 TI - Evaluation of a medical teaching conference. Long-term impact upon participants. PMID- 6990228 TI - Equine research roundup. PMID- 6990229 TI - Effects of sodium arsenite on single-strand DNA break formation and post replication repair in E. coli following UV irradiation. AB - A non-lethal dose of sodium arsenite is found to inhibit the formation of single strand DNA breaks in Escherichia coli WP2 wild-type and WP6 polA strains after UV irradiation. Inhibition of single-strand breakage follows a dose-dependent relationship with respect to increasing sodium arsenite concentration. ATP level in WP2 cells is decreased in the presence of sodium arasenite and therefore the inhibition of DNA break formation may be mediated through lowered ATP levels in the irradiated cells. In the presence of a non-lethal dose of sodium aresenite, post-replication repair in WP2 uvrA strains after UV irradation is also inhibited. PMID- 6990230 TI - Natulan, a bacterial mutagen requiring complex mammalian metabolic activation. AB - Following administration of Natulan and Escherichia coli to mice a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of induced bacterial mutations was observed. This mutation response was dependent on the route of Natulan administration and, following short exposures, was limited by the rate of metabolic activation of the compound. PMID- 6990231 TI - Mutagenicity of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is affected by bacterial glutathione. AB - Recently we have shown that Salmonella typhimurium tester strains have high levels of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and activity of GSH S-transferases (Summer et al., 1979). In continuation of the GSH-dependent suppression of mutagenicity of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in presence of S9 fraction (Summer et al., 1979), this paper is focused on the GSH-dependent detoxifying capacity of the bacterial tester strains. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB), an electrophilic agent, which is used to identify terminal amino acids in proteins (Sanger reagent), readily reacts with GSH leading to a dose-dependent depletion of bacterial GSH. Additionally, FDNB is a strong mutagen for Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1538, and TA98 without metabolic activation. Presumably owing to conjugation with bacterial GHS, FDNB in concentrations which were lower or equal to those of bacterial GSH were found to be not mutagenic. Accordingly, increasing amounts of bacteria in the test system require increasing amounts of FDNB for expression of mutagenicity. PMID- 6990232 TI - The E. coli Pol A-1 assay: a quantitative procedure for diffusible and non diffusible chemicals. AB - A procedure is described for determining the preferential killing of DNA repair deficient E. coli. Dilute suspensions of DNA repair-proficient and -deficient bacteria are exposed to a graded series of test chemical concentrations. Survivors are determined by enumeration on agar plates. An expression used to express preferential killing (or lack thereof) is shown to be dose-dependent and potentially useful for determining genotoxic potencies. PMID- 6990233 TI - A new, sensitive and simple bioluminescence test for mutagenic compounds. AB - A spontaneous dark variant of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi was isolated. The reversion frequency of this variant to genetic-hereditary luminescent cells is greatly increased by nanogram quantities of different base substitution and frameshift agents. This makes it possible to detect mutagenic compounds at concentrations 100 times lower than that detected by the Ames Test. Curing agents, such as acridine dyes, ethidium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, are also very active in the reversion of this dark variant to the luminous state, but fail to revert it to a genetic-hereditary luminescent type. The nature of the primary mutation in the dark variant, and the potential use of this luminescence system for detecting different classes of carcinogenic chemical, are discussed. PMID- 6990234 TI - The Salmonella mutagenicity assay: reproducibility. PMID- 6990235 TI - Feasibility of testing DNA repair inhibitors for mutagenicity by a simple method. AB - A simple screening methodology for the determination of mutagenicity of DNA repair inhibitors has been tested in this laboratory. Radiation-resistant E. coli B/r and WP2 hcr+ and hcr- are suitable strains for mutagenicity testing. In these strains irradiated with 40-60 ergs/mm2, chemicals which interfere with repair of ultraviolet-induced pre-mutational lesions can be shown to enhance significantly the frequency of mutations to streptomycin resistance. This phenomenon is termed "mutational synergism" [18,20]. We have attempted to apply the procedure for securing data for "mutational synergism" between ultraviolet (UV) radiation and a number of antimalarial drugs including quinine hydrochloride (50 microgram/ml), quinine hydrobromide (50 microgram/ml), primaquine diphosphate (50 microgram/ml), chloroquine (50 microgram/ml), quinine (50 microgram/ml) and quinacrine dihydrochloride (25 microgram/ml). All drugs tested give synergistic effects with UV light. The synergistic activity ranges from 3- to 35-fold. Quinine and quinacrine dihydrochloride have been found to be much more efficient enhancers of the mutagenic effect of UV than caffeine. In general, we have found that the expression of synergistic action occurs at a concentration well below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with the drugs tested. The implication of these observations in the establishment of a screening method for the evaluation of the mutagenicity of DNA repair inhibitors is discussed. PMID- 6990236 TI - Mutagenicity testing of the antiparasitic drug entizol (polfa) in the detection system of Salmonella typhimurium mutants. AB - The mutagenic activity was tested of a clinically used drug Entizol (Polfa) which contains metronidazole as an active substance. The mutagenicity of the compound was detected for Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains TA100, TA1535, TA1950, and TA1538 in tests in vitro without metabolic activation at the concentration range of 180 to 1600 microgram per plate. Metabolic conversion of the preparation studied in vivo gave rise to mutagenic metabolites detectable in the blood of mice after both intraperitoneal and per-oral application. The presence of the products of drug metabolism in the blood of experimental animals was tested at 1 40 h intervals after application. Blood samples of mice treated intraperitoneally with single doses of 1470 and 35 mg/kg were tested in strains TA100 and TA98. There were differences in the times of occurrence of mutagenic metabolites. The development of two mutagenicity maxima, detected in the blood withdrawn within the interval of 60-120 min (Rt/Rc 3.1) and 19 h (Rt/Rc 24.8) after the application of a dose of 1470 mg/kg in the strain TA100, is characteristic. The mutagenic effect of the blood of animals treated with a dose of 35 mg/kg, which approximately corresponds to standard therapeutic values, also had an analogous character. The highest mutagenic effect was detected in blood samples withdrawn 19 h after application (Rt/Rc 15.8). The frameshift mutation-detecting strain TA98 reverted at a lower frequency (about 5 times) under the above conditions, but only during analysis of the blood samples of animals treated with a dose of 1470 mg/kg. These results indicate that, for assessing the mutagenicity of 5 nitroimidazole compounds and their metabolites in blood, it is necessary to analyse blood samples withdrawn at least up to 24 h after application of the compound. This relationship was not proved to exist between the frequencies of induced revertants during the testing of blood withdrawn within 1-24 h after single per-oral administration of the drug in a dose range of 500-62.5 mg/kg. However, the mutagenicity of blood metabolites for strain TA100 was demonstrated not earlier than 24 h after the application of Entizol at 500 and 250 mg/kg. PMID- 6990237 TI - Deactivation of furyl furamide (AF-2) by rat-liver microsomes and its implication in short-term tests for mutagenicity/carcinogenicity. AB - The genetic activity of AF-2 in both bacteria and yeast rapidly disappeared in the presence of rat-liver microsomal fraction (S9 mix). Incubation of AF-2 with S9 mix even for 10 min at 37 degrees C was sufficient to inactivate it completely. Data available in the literature suggest that activation of AF-2 is necessary for its geno-toxic effect. The activation step may involve reduction of the nitrofuran to an amino group probably by the enzyme reductase I. Most cultured cell systems, such as bacteria, yeast, Neurospora, mammalian cells and human lymphocytes, can probably bring about this reduction. However, the rapid disappearance of the genetic activity of AF-2 in the presence of rat-liver homogenate suggests that rat-liver microsomes may further metabolize the reduction products to inactive forms. Thus, it becomes necessary to test even those chemicals that are mutagenic per se, with mammalian microsomal preparations before their mutagenic/carcinogenic potentialities can be assessed in short-term tests. PMID- 6990238 TI - Mutagenicity of marijuana and Transkei tobacco smoke condensates in the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - Extracts and smoke condensates of marijuana, Transkei home-grown tobacco and also commercial cigarette tobaccos were assayed for their mutagenic activity to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, both with and without metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity was detected in dichloromethane extracts of marijuana and tobacco per se, but all the smoke condensates exhibited mutagenicity with metabolic activation. The only strain not mutated by any of the pyrolyzates was TA1535. Transkei tobacco pyrolyzate proved to be the most mutagenic, followed by marijuana, pipe and cigarette tobacco. Mutagenicity was positively associated with the nitrogen content of the various products. The potent mutagenic action of marijuana smoke condensate, coupled with a condensate yield of more than 50% higher than that of cigarette and pipe tobacco, indicates a high carcinogenic risk associated with marijuana smoking. PMID- 6990239 TI - Mutagenicity of N-nitrosopiperazine derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mutagenic properties of 8 N-nitrosopiperazines were examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forward mutations to canavanine resistance and reversions of his1-7 were induced by N'-methyl-N-nitrosopiperazine, dinitrosopiperazine, 2 methyldinitrosopiperazine, 2,5-dimethyldinitrosopiperazine, and 2,6 dimethyldinitrosopiperazine, in the presence of rat-liver homogenate. N nitrosopiperazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyldinitrosopiperazine, and 4-benzoyl-3,5 dimethyldinitrosopiperazine were non-mutagenic. PMID- 6990240 TI - The effect of benzene in the micronucleus test. PMID- 6990241 TI - Granuloma pouch assay. II. Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance by MNNG and benzo[a]pyrene in vivo. AB - Growth of granulation tissue was initiated with croton oil on the inside of a subcutaneous air pouch, on the back of adult male rats. Two days later, N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) were applied directly into the pouch in doses ranging from 0.05 to 1.8 mg and from 0.03 to 0.5 mg, resp. The granulation tissue was excised after 48 h. Isolated single cells were checked for their 6-thioguanine resistance in vitro. The influence of cell density during expression time in vitro, of 6-thioguanine concentration and cell density in selective media on the recovery of mutant cells was investigated. The spontaneous mutation frequency was 0.53 x 10(-5). There was a dose-dependent increase in mutation frequencies with both compounds. The frequency was 5 times as high with MNNG as with BP. PMID- 6990242 TI - Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in the Ames test: possible artifacts related to experimental conditions. PMID- 6990243 TI - Toxic and potentially mutagenic effect of the systemic fungicide trimorfamid when tested on microorganisms. PMID- 6990244 TI - Oxygen mutagenicity. PMID- 6990245 TI - Lack of mutagenic effect of vinyl chloride monomer in the mammalian spot test. PMID- 6990246 TI - Mutagenic and chemical assay of extracts of airborne particulates. AB - The mutagenic activity of extracts of airborne particulates was evaluated in the Salmonella system. The mutagenicity of airborne particulates was not always correlated with the content of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the complex mixtures, especially when the samples were collected at different sites. Large-scale fractionation of extracts of airborne particulates was used to determine the content of specific mutagenic chemicals. The neutral fraction of material soluble in cyclohexane and nitromethane contained the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, which accounted for 27.9% of the mutagenic activity of the whole extracts. 9 kinds of PAH compound were identified quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography. They included, per 1000 m3 of air, 12.6 microgram of benzo[e]pyrene (B]e]P), 10.7 microgram of chrysene (CHRY), 10.0 MICROGRAM OF FLUORANTHENE (FL), 6.43 microgram of benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), 5.75 microgram of benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), 5.33 microgram of B[a]P, 3.38 microgram of pyrene (PYR), 1.83 microgram of coronene (COR), and 1.34 microgram of perylene (PERY). Mutagenicity of the ether-soluble acidic, basic and methanol-soluble neutral fractions accounted for 10.9, 9.71 and 6.78% of the total mutagenic activity of crude extract, respectively, when assayed in strain TA98 with liver S9 fraction. The total recovery of mutagenic activity after fractionation was 58%. Two acidic fractions (weak and strong ether-soluble acids) and the methanol-soluble neutral fraction reverted strain TA98 dramatically to prototrophy in the presence of rat lung S9 fraction more than liver. But the mutagenic chemicals in these fractions remain to be clarified. Direct mutagens were present in essentially all fractions. The particulates, which had diameters ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 micron and were able to penetrate alveoli, contained a high content of mutagens. PMID- 6990247 TI - Application of the Salmonella typhimurium microsome test to the study of 25 drugs belonging to 5 chemical series. AB - 25 active-principle forms of pharmaceutical drugs belonging to 5 chemical series have been tested for mutagenic activity. To screen these drugs we used the Salmonella typhimurium assay on 5-histidine-requiring strains, with and without microsomal activation. Only the 3 nitroimidazole derivatives were mutagenic for strains TA100, TA1535 and TA98. PMID- 6990248 TI - Effect of human gastric juice on the mutagenicity of chemicals. AB - 10 mutagens were assayed in the Salmonella test after a pre-incubation step with human gastric juice. Such treatment affected the activity of 4 compounds, with different mechanisms, either in the sense of deactivation (sodium azide and sodium dichromate), of stabilization (captan), or even of potentiation (ICR-170). Conversely, the mutagenicity of other compounds (folpet, sodium nitrite, ICR-191, nitrofurantoin and a related drug) was unchanged. The stability of 2 carcinogens requiring metabolic activation, namely benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1, provided evidence that pre-incubation of compounds with gastric juice is compatible with the subsequent addition of liver post-mitochondrial preparations, thus reproducing in vitro 2 consecutive metabolic steps occurring in the organism. These findings lead us to report an improved correlation between assays in vivo and in vitro, in particular by explaining the lack of carcinogenicity of some mutagens introduced orally or by gastric intubation. Therefore, the Salmonella/gastric juice test is proposed as an additional assay for predicting the potential health hazards of chemicals. PMID- 6990249 TI - Bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian cell DNA damage by several substituted anilines. AB - Several substituted alkyl- and haloanilines were tested for their ability to mutate Salmonella typhimurium and to damage the DNA of mammalian (V79) cells. These results were correlated with their reported carcinogenicity. Of 9 suspected carcinogens, 4 were bacterial mutagens and 4 (out of 7 tested) damaged DNA of V79 cells. The following compounds were weakly mutagenic (less than 150 revertants/mumole): 4-fluoroaniline, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-dimethylaniline, and 2-methyl-4-fluoroaniline. The following compounds were strong mutagens: 2,4,5 trimethylaniline, 2-methyl-4-chloro-, and 2-methyl-4-bromo-, 4-methyl-2-chloro-, 4-methyl-2-bromo- and 2-ethyl-4-chloroaniline. The compounds which damaged DNA in V79 cells were: 2 methyl-4-chloroaniline, 2-methyl-4-bromoaniline, 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trimethylaniline. PMID- 6990250 TI - Adaptation of the salmonella/mammalian microsome test to the determination of the mutagenic properties of mineral oils. AB - Two techniques allowing the determination of the mutagenicity of lipophilic compounds such as mineral oils with the Ames test have been developed by using benzo[a]pyrene (BP) dissolved in white oil as a synthetic reference oil. The first technique involves prior extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with dimethyl sulfoxide. In the second method, which proved simpler and of more general use, the compounds to be tested are directly dispersed in aqueous medium with Tween 80. The use of these techniques made possible the study of mutagenicity of various kinds of mineral oil. Mutagenic activity was found in used crankcase oils, and also in petroleum distillates but much less in solvent refined oils. A good correlation was observed between mutagenic activity and PAH content but not BP content of oils. Because of their peculiar response to the test, petroleum distillates were studied in more detail. When added in low amounts to pure PAH compounds such as BP, they enhanced its mutagenic activity (enhancement). When added in higher amounts, on the contrary, these oils completely inhibited BP mutagenic activity (inhibition effect). Both effects correlated well with the PAH content and the mutagenic activity of the petroleum distillates tested. These results explain the abnormal dose-response curves curves obtained with these petroleum distillates and the negative results regarding their mutagenic activity reported in earlier studies. A likely explanation is discussed for the enhancement and inhibition effects. PMID- 6990251 TI - [Effect of smoking-machine parameters on the genetoxic activity of cigarette gas phase, estimated on human lymphocyte and yeast (author's transl)]. AB - Cigarette smoke used in chemical research and bioassays is obtained by mechanical smoking on machines adjusted to international standards. On studying the behavior of some smokers of black tobacco, we were led to change the standard parameters: volume, duration, frequency. The gas phase obtained under those new conditions is poorer in some components. This decrease goes with a clear-cut decrease of its genotoxic activity towards cultured human lymphocytes (sister-chromatid exchange frequency) and S. cerevisiae (rate of mitotic recombinants and of respiratory deficients). This investigation emphasizes the leading part of the smoking behavior. PMID- 6990252 TI - Mutagenicity of sulphonylureas. AB - The 11 derivatives of beta-cytotropic sulphonylureas commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus were tested in vivo in the highly sensitive sister chromatid exchange test. Chlorpropamide and tolbutamide gave a positive reaction with a clear dose-response in Chinese hamsters and mice. The two compounds gave a mutagenic response neither in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test (with and without microsomal activation) nor in the chromosomal aberration test. In the micronucleus test, chlorpropamide was positive in 3 strains of mouse, tolbutamide in one strain. In Chinese hamsters and in rats the micronucleus test was negative with both compounds. PMID- 6990253 TI - Human blood mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium tester strains after oral application of Entizol. PMID- 6990254 TI - Mutagenic activity of urinary pigments from patients on antischistosomal therapy with niridazole. PMID- 6990255 TI - Application of lectin cytochemistry to the study of human neuromuscular disease. PMID- 6990256 TI - Myopathy due to epsilon amino-caproic acid. AB - A subacute necrotizing myopathy developed in a patient treated with epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The muscle biopsy showed features suggesting that the muscle fiber necrosis might have been due to capillary damage. An attempt to induce EACA myopathy in the rat was made, but no abnormality developed. PMID- 6990257 TI - Amyloid deposits and amyloidosis: the beta-fibrilloses (second of two parts). PMID- 6990258 TI - The place of surgery in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 6990259 TI - An inverse correlation between plasma prostacyclin and serum triglycerides. PMID- 6990260 TI - Tuberculosis in the 1980s. PMID- 6990262 TI - Sounding board. Bringing order to the literature of health education. PMID- 6990261 TI - Carboxylated calcium-binding proteins and vitamin K. PMID- 6990263 TI - The anturane reinfarction trial. PMID- 6990264 TI - The anturane reinfarction trial. PMID- 6990265 TI - The anturane reinfarction trial. PMID- 6990266 TI - The anturane reinfarction trial. PMID- 6990267 TI - An ultrastructural comparison of the cell envelopes of selected strains of Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis. AB - Growth curves were determined for three strains each of Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis. Two strains of N. brasiliensis and one strain of N. asteroides had longer lag periods of growth than the remaining three strains. All strains had generation times of approximately 5.5 hours. The ultrastructure of the cell envelope of each Nocardia strain in early stationary phase growth was also examined. All the strains had typical trilaminar cell walls and cell membranes. The thickness of the cell wall layers, especially the inner peptidoglycan layer, varied from strain to strain. The inner layer of two strains of N. brasiliensis and one strain of N. asteroides was 12 nm or more in thickness, while that of the remaining three strains was 7 nm thick. These observed differences in growth patterns and/or thickness of the cell wall layers could be correlated to the varying degrees of virulence as well as the divergent pathologies exhibited by these organisms. PMID- 6990268 TI - Sero-diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: attempts to determine antigen and antibody relevance to infection. AB - Attempt was made to define antigens and antisera which might prove useful in diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in man. A convalescent antiserum (serum from rabbits after liver infection with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia) which might be more representative of immunological reaction to fungal growth in vivo, did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commerical antigens which are used at present in attempts to detect antibody response in systemic infections in man. However, this convalescent antiserum reacted with antigens from a range of fungal extracts. Antigens from young culture filtrates in particular the 24th culture filtrate are advocated as the standard antigens for antibody detection using conventional immunoprecipitation techniques. For the detection of circulating antigens, the use of convalescent antiserum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay might be promising in the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 6990270 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 6990269 TI - Development of an enzyme immunoassay for cryptococcal antibody. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for measurement of cryptococcal IgG antibody in human serum is described. Clinical studies indicate that the assay is a useful addition to the currently available techniques for measuring antibodies in cryptococcosis. IgG-specific antibody (titers 4 to 1,024) was detected in the serum of 78% of the cryptococcosis patients tested and in 61% of the serum from healthy individuals with positive delayed skin hypersensitivity to cryptococcin. The micro-ELISA for cryptococcal antibody is of potential value in patient management, and in epidemiological studies. PMID- 6990271 TI - Migration of capillary endothelial cells is stimulated by tumour-derived factors. AB - Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs normally during osteogenesis, luteinisation and the development of the embryo, and in pathological states such as chronic inflammation, certain immune reactions and neoplasia. Furthermore, solid tumours have been reported to secrete a diffusible factor which promotes the directional growth of new capillaries towards a growing tumour. Two events required for the formation of a new capillary in response to an angiogenesis factor in vivo are the migration and subsequent proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. Progress in purifying angiogenesis factors and studying their action has been hindered, however, by the lack of quantitative in vitro assays for capillary cell migration and proliferation. Recently, we have been able to isolate clonal cell lines of bovine capillary endothelial cells that can be maintained in long-term culture using tumour-conditioned growth medium. I now report a quantitative in vitro assay for endothelial cell migration based on the phagokinetic track assay of Albrecht-Buehler. The evidence presented here demonstrates that tumour-derived factors stimulate the migration of capillary endothelial cells whereas the same factors have no effect on the migration of aortic endothelial cells. PMID- 6990272 TI - Banking DNA sequences. PMID- 6990273 TI - Calmodulin--an intracellular calcium receptor. AB - Calmodulin, a protein that binds calcium with high affinity and specificity, is structurally conserved and functionally preserved throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. It serves as an intracellular Ca2+-receptor and mediates the Ca2+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide and glycogen metabolism, secretion, motility and Ca2+ transport. Calmodulin is also a dynamic component of the mitotic apparatus. PMID- 6990274 TI - Mutations which alter the function of the signal sequence of the maltose binding protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The maltose binding protein of Escherichia coli is secreted into the external periplasmic compartment of the cell by virtue of an amino-terminal signal sequence. Using DNA sequencing, we have determined the precise nature of mutations in the signal sequence which prevent the export of the maltose binding protein, causing it to accumulate in the cytoplasm in its precursor form. In most cases, the change of a single hydrophobic or uncharged amino acid to a charged amino acid within the signal sequence is sufficient to block the secretion process. PMID- 6990275 TI - Feodor Lynen, 1911--1979. PMID- 6990276 TI - Lateral diffusion of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Gram-negative enteric bacteria are enveloped by two membrane systems. The inner or cytoplasmic membrane is responsible for the major metabolic functions including biosynthetic activities, while the major known functions of the outer membrane are primarily physical: it contains receptors for bacteriophages and bacteriocins; it contributes to the maintenance of cell shape; and it controls access of nutrient solutes and agents such as antibiotics and detergents to the cytoplasmic membrane. Several investigations have indicated that mobility of membrane components, particularly lipopolysaccharide, is essential for biogenesis of the outer membrane, and is a primary event in phage infection. To define more accurately the fluid dynamic properties of the outer membrane as related to function, we have now developed the capability to measure lateral diffusion coefficients in vivo of rhodaminated G30 lipopolysaccharide fused into Salmonella typhimurium G30A filamentous bacteria. The method used extends the FRAP procedure (fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching) to bacteria and the results demonstrate rapid diffusion of lipopolysaccharide (D = 2.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(-10) cm2s 1) over micrometre distances. PMID- 6990277 TI - [Development of medical sciences in China]. AB - Three periods or stages can be recognized in the development of medicine in China. The first one, being the indigenous medical practice, has its own philosophical approach and can therefore not simply be combined with Western medicine. The second period, in which medical missionaries introduced modern medicine was still a time of laissez-faire and pestilence. The third stage was ushered in by the liberation in 1949 and is characterized by the fact that the government no longer regards health as the private affair of the individual but as a task for the whole community. A number of endemic and epidemic diseases were conquered mainly through close cooperation between the population and medical workers. Success must be regarded as in an important part due to land reform and the eradication of famine. Further improvement in health care will depend to a great deal on improvement in living standards and a lessening of population pressure. As family planning meets resistance for economic and other reasons, only specific measures by the state can bring about a change in attitude. The progress in preventive measures is matched by advances in the technical aspects of medicine and especially too in medical education. PMID- 6990278 TI - Genetic distances from mRNA sequences. PMID- 6990279 TI - The federal role in health care. PMID- 6990280 TI - [Levamisole and bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6990281 TI - [Necrotizing fasciitis]. PMID- 6990282 TI - Saralasin infusion in renovascular and essential hypertension. PMID- 6990283 TI - Renin-angiotensin system and blood volume in patients with dialysis-resistant hypertension. PMID- 6990285 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with nephrotic syndrome: effects of 1-sar-8-ala-angiotensin II. PMID- 6990284 TI - Effect of the angiotensin antagonist saralasin on hemodynamics in hypertensive non-uraemic chronic renal disease. AB - The effect of an intravenous infusion of saralasin in a rising dosage on blood pressure, central haemodynamics, forearm blood flow and venous distensibility was tested in 11 subjects with chronic non-uraemic renal disease. Only 1 subject had an elevated resting plasma renin activity, and in him saralasin produced a drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures due to a decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance whereas the plasma renin activity markedly rose. Among the remaining 10 subjects, whose plasma renin activity was within the normotensive range, blood pressure rose transiently in 3, with the lowest dose of aralasin, due to an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance. Both these parameters returned to the control level when continuing the infusion and increasing its dosage. Excluding this initial period from the analysis, no relevant change, even with a more than tenfold increase in the saralasin dosage and a duration of the infusion of 1 h, was found in the following: blood pressure, cardiac and stroke index, heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance, central and peripheral venous pressures, forearm blood flow and vascular resistance, forearm blood volume and venous distensibility. The haemodynamic response to the Valsalva manoeuvre remained unaffected by saralasin. It is concluded that angiotensin plays an active role in changing the haemodynamics and in elevating the blood pressure in subjects with chronic non uraemic renal disease only in those cases where plasma renin activity is raised. PMID- 6990286 TI - National study on natural history of renal allografts in sickle cell disease or trait. AB - The natural history of renal allograft in recipients who have sickle cell disease or trait has not been widely studied. This survey attempted to collect all the case histories known at present and to assess the relationship of sickle cell disease or trait to the natural history of renal allograft. A questionnaire was sent to 120 transplant centers in North America. 106 centers responded to the study, compliance rate being 88%. 88 centers reported not having any experience with such a case, whereas 18 centers transplanted 34 kidneys in 30 patients with this disease or trait. 9 of these had sickle cell disease and 21 had the trait. Graft survival at 1 year was 23 of 34, i.e., 67%. Mortality was 4 of 30, i.e., 13% in the first year. Sickle cell crisis was noted in 8 patients during the first year, 7 of whom had sickle cell disease. Thus, sickle cell crisis is very common in sickle cell transplant patients. From the points of view of patient survival and graft survival, recipients of kidneys who have the disease or the trait do just as well after transplant as the remaining patient population. PMID- 6990287 TI - [In memory of Dr. Miroslaw Owsianowski (1932-1979)]. PMID- 6990288 TI - [Technology of X-ray computed tomography in neuroradiology]. PMID- 6990289 TI - [Experiences on stereotaxic hypophysectomy for recurrent breast carcinoma; with particular reference to its pain relief (author's transl)]. AB - Stereotaxic hypophysectomy was performed in nine patients with advanced breast carcinoma. Only one patient showed an objective remission in the form of decreased size of the chest wall ulcer after the operation. However, all but one patient did get relief of pain lasting for months. In one of these cases, where hypophyseal ablation was carried out under local anesthesia, pain relief was ascertained immediately after the ablation, i.e., during the operation. Such an instantaneous pain relief, which to the author's knowledge has never been described elsewhere, was considered to be the result of an influence on the hypothalamus rather than the pituitary itself. Mechanism of lasting pain relief was ascribed to endorphins which have recently attracted attention as endogenous peptides with opiate-like activities. Pituitary ablation of the present authors were noted to be incomplete either seen from hormonal assessment or from morphological evaluation. It was stressed that significant pain relief could be gained by the apparently incomplete hypophyseal ablation, whereas complete destruction does not necessarily guarantee a hundred percent relief of pain. A deduction was made that although endorphins may play an important role in alleviating pain, integrity of its productive system and/or its receptors could also be important as well. Stereotaxic hypophyseal ablation might be the procedure of choice in certain patients with advanced breast carcinoma suffering from excruciating pain. PMID- 6990290 TI - [A long survival case of primary intracranial reticulum cell sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990291 TI - The association of hydrocephalus and Arnold--Chiari malformation with spina bifida in the fetus. AB - Twenty-one fetuses with spina bifida and twenty apparently normal fetuses of between 14--23 weeks gestation were examined for the presence of hydrocephalus and Arnold--Chiari malformation. Sacral, lumbo-sacral, lumbar, thoraco-lumbo sacral and thoraco-lumbar lesions were found. Some were closed, some were open. The amount of neural tissue at the site of the lesion was very variable. In three cases, diastematomyelia was found. The heads of spina bifida fetuses were not enlarged. Hydrocephalus was found in eleven of them and the Arnold--Chiari malformation in twelve. In nine fetuses the abnormalities co-existed. Hydrocephalic brain showed depression of the tentorium, abnormalities in the corpus callosum and absence of the lateral fissure. The more cephalad and extensive the spinal lesion, the more likely it was to be accompanied by brain abnormalities. Isolated sacral defects were not associated either with hydrocephalus or with the Arnold--Chiari malformation. Pathological changes in the brain occurred in the presence of both open and closed spinal lesions and were apparently unrelated to fetal age. No evidence was found as to the sequence in which these brain abnormalities appeared. PMID- 6990292 TI - A note on the ploidy of Purkinje cells; sex chromatin in field vole (Microtus agrestis) and man. AB - Examination of sex chromatin bodies in Purkinje cell nuclei suggests only a diploid chromosomal content: there is no increase in number or size above that seen in diploid cells. PMID- 6990293 TI - The serotonin innervation of the cerebral cortex in the rat--an immunohistochemical analysis. PMID- 6990294 TI - Distribution of enteric nerve cell bodies and axons showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the guinea-pig intestine. PMID- 6990295 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the left ventricle. Prognostic considerations]. AB - 174 cardiac aneurysms were resected between 1970 and 1977. In 49 patients the remaining contractile segment was revascularised at the same time. The hospital mortality was 10.3%, the late mortality was 14%. The uncorrected cumulative survival rate calculated by the actuarial method was 90% at 3 years (84--96), and 80% at 5 years (74--85). Results were excellent or good in two thirds of the survivors; 44% were free of angina pectoris, 40% were improved, 73% had no disturbances of cardiac rhythm, and in 15% they were improved. Comparison of the pre- and post-operative ejection fraction showed that the indication for surgery of a cardiac aneurysm exists when more than 20% of the musculature of the left ventricle is affected, when the total ejection fraction is larger than 10% when one vessel is affected, and more than 30% when more than one vessel is affected. Contraindications are diffuse coronary heart disease, when ejection fraction of the contractile segment is less than 30%, reduction in contractility of the ventricular septum, and the generally applicable surgical contraindications. PMID- 6990296 TI - [The Billroth II gastrectomy in surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. Clinico statistical studies of 784 operated cases]. PMID- 6990297 TI - [Evaluation of the carcinoembryonic antigen in clinical medicine]. PMID- 6990298 TI - [Respiratory functional evaluation in surgical patients]. AB - Preoperative respiratory evaluation is examined in the light of factors likely to influence the conduct of the operation and its subsequent course. The methods required for this purpose are reviewed. Attention is first given to changes in specific respiratory components (alveolar exchange surface area, ventilation, diffusion and circulation) and their associated activities (chest mechanics, pulmonary circulation, motor nervous system), and those dependent on the type of surgery (lung, chest, abdomen, other parts). Next, the measurement methods available, the criteria for evaluating the data, and the criteria whereby candidates are selected for emergency surgery, surgery after thorough checking and extensive examination, general surgery, and chest surgery are explained. Lastly, the specific case of patients with typically respiratory diseases is discussed. PMID- 6990299 TI - [Malignant lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). I]. PMID- 6990300 TI - [Proposed method for double-blind study of reflexotherapy phenomena]. AB - The Authors report their experience with the placebo, an essential step in the clinical study of reflexotherapy. They assert that also in this branch of medicine it is possible to carry out a "double blind" clinical experimentation by means of placebo, that is, an essential condition in order to develop a scientific assessment of both the limits and the potentialities of reflexotherapy. PMID- 6990301 TI - [The Libro Lunghetto, a 17th century book of prescriptions of the Maurizian Hospital of Turin]. PMID- 6990302 TI - [Parmesan physicians in the poems of Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni]. PMID- 6990303 TI - [Comparison of 2 isocaloric diets with different carbohydrate content in the treatment of essential obesity]. PMID- 6990304 TI - [Surgical treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6990305 TI - [Biographical notes on Vincenzo Racchetti (1777-1819). Contribution to the history of neurology]. PMID- 6990306 TI - [Existential anxiety, neurotic anxiety and hypnosis therapy in relation to logotherapy and autogenic training]. PMID- 6990307 TI - [Psychiatric reform. The old "insane asylums" and health reform]. PMID- 6990308 TI - [The opinion of scholars on vivisection]. PMID- 6990309 TI - [Drug dependence in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6990310 TI - [New therapeutic trends in vulvovaginitis caused by mixed bacterial flora. Controlled clinical study of a new preparation with trichomonocidal and antimycotic activity]. PMID- 6990311 TI - Home health care and adult day health care--options for serving older adults. PMID- 6990312 TI - Therapeutic uses of vitamin E in medicine. PMID- 6990313 TI - Vitamin D deficiency rickets, revisited. PMID- 6990314 TI - Nutrition classics. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 53, 1931, Pages 11 26: A cerebellar disorder in chicks, apparently of nutritional origin by Alwin M. Pappenheimer, and Marianne Goettsch. PMID- 6990315 TI - Biotin and fatty acid requirements for lymphocyte response. PMID- 6990316 TI - Metallothionein induction by alkylating agents. PMID- 6990317 TI - Effects of dietary lead and zinc on pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 6990318 TI - Host zinc nutrition and Ehrlich ascites tumor growth. PMID- 6990319 TI - Early medical photography in America (1839-1883) V. Beginnings of psychiatric photography. PMID- 6990320 TI - Comparative trial of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim (co-trimazine), co-trimoxazole and sulphamethizole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. AB - A combination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim (co-trimazine) has been developed specifically for the management of urinary tract infections. The pharmacokinetics of co-trimazine make it possible to use lower doses of both the sulphonamide and trimethoprim than in co-trimoxazole, while maintaining clinical efficacy. One hundred and twenty women with a urinary tract infection were randomly allocated to a five-day course of treatment with either co-trimazine (sulphadiazine 410 mg and trimethoprim 90 mg 12-hourly), co-trimoxazole (sulphamethoxazole 800 mg and trimethoprim 160 mg 12-hourly) or sulphamethizole (1 g 8-hourly). The respective cure rates were 95, 98 and 90 percent. No serious side effects of therapy were encountered. Co-trimazine proved to be an effective antibacterial combination for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6990321 TI - Diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990322 TI - Joseph H. Kauffmann--preventive dentistry pioneer. PMID- 6990323 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 6990324 TI - Jaw shift treatment in the deciduous dentition of one member of a set of twins. PMID- 6990325 TI - Joseph H. Kauffmann 1891-1979. PMID- 6990326 TI - Vaginal microbial flora: practical and theoretic relevance. AB - The bacterial flora of the female reproductive tract is a focal point for the study of infectious disease in obstetrics and gynecology, as it is recognized that many pelvic infections involve bacteria resident on the cervical-vaginal epithelium. The vaginal flora contains a large variety of bacterial species, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms, as revealed by modern microbiologic methods. Recent studies have indicated that certain organisms commonly involved in pelvic infections, particularly those following genital tract surgery, name Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, appear to be underrepresented in relationship to the infectious complications they cause. A possible explanation of this phenomenon has been suggested based on the finding that traumatic events in the reproductive tract, including parturition, surgery, and invasive malignancy, result in increased colonization by organisms commonly involved in pelvic infections. Other changes in the flora related to the host's hormonal milieu were identified and are generally less profound than those related to trauma. We have reviewed some of the newer aspects of our understanding of the genital flora, such as quantitation of the vaginal flora, which should continue to improve our understanding of the role of the genital flora in disease states. PMID- 6990327 TI - Anaerobic infections of the pelvis. AB - In normal nonpregnant women anaerobes predominate in the cervicovaginal flora. The frequency of Bacteroides fragilis isolation ranges up to 16%. In pregnancy anaerobic prevalence falls progressively from the first to the third trimester and increases precipitously immediately after delivery. Anaerobes are often responsible for infections from vulva to ovaries, but the microbial etiology of post-cesarean section endometritis remains unclear. Risk factors for pelvic infection include cesarean delivery as contrasted with vaginal delivery; among those undergoing cesarean section, risk factors for infection are prolonged labor, prolonged membrane rupture, excessive numbers of vaginal examinations, and perhaps age of less than 17 years. Gonorrhea is also a risk factor for subsequent pelvic infection. The use of an intrauterine contraceptive device is associated with increased risk of pelvic actinomycosis. Anaerobic disease often is associated with a putrid odor and may present as 1 or more pulmonary emboli. Optimal treatment of pelvic anaerobic infections is not yet agreed upon. Clindamycin and chloramphenicol are the 2 documented first-line agents. Penicillin is often effective but a substantial percentage of B fragilis strains resist it; this is also true of carbenicillin. The data on cefoxitin look encouraging, but more data are needed on both the efficacy and the frequency of superinfection. PMID- 6990328 TI - Current principles of antimicrobic therapy. AB - The bases for successful antimicrobial therapy are reviewed. The impact of antimicrobics on the resident microbiota of the body and the development of resistance are considered. The phenomenon of tolerance to antimicrobics is described and a pharmacotherapeutic response is outlined. The distribution and penetration of antimicrobics is related to therapeutic needs. Finally, the choice of antimicrobics for use in obstetric and gynecologic infections is discussed. PMID- 6990329 TI - Therapeutic considerations in the use of antibiotics in renal insufficiency. AB - Virtually all antibiotics are excreted in part or in total by the kidneys. Therefore in various degrees of renal function impairment, systemic drug accumulation with dose-related toxicity may take place unless a readjustment is made in standard drug dosing principles. Good clinical practice dictates that the physician have some familiarity with the drug dosing changes that are necessary when patients with renal failure require antibiotic therapy. Correlation of the patient's renal function status with the selected antibiotic is the first step, after which drug dosing tables and nomograms serve as an immediate and practical guide to safe and effective therapy. Antibiotic dosing regimens in renal failure should always be monitored by analysis of serum drug levels when available to the clinician, as this is the best confirmation of safe and effective therapy. This review contains detailed metabolic and pharmacokinetic information that may be used as an additional clinical resource for the antibiotic therapy of patients with renal insufficiency. PMID- 6990330 TI - Significance of polymicrobial bacterial superinfection in the therapy of gonococcal endometritis-salpingitis-peritonitis. AB - The application of sophisticated anaerobic technology coupled with culdocentesis has radically altered out concepts of endometritis-salpingitis-peritonitis (ESP). The demonstration of a polymicrobial predominantly anaerobic peritonitis in selected cases of ESP polarized conceptual thought into gonococcal and nongonococcal etiology. The data that substantiated the concept of anaerobic infection following initial infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae are reviewed. Therapy studies utilizing doxycycline have indicated that there is an anticipated therapeutic response when dealing with monoetiologic disease (gonococcal ES or gonococcal ESP). When polymicrobial infection ensues with or without the concomitant presence of N gonorrhoeae, an alternate therapeutic response may evolve. It is currently postulated that the significance of an altered therapeutic response is due to augmented structural damage to the fallopian tubes by superinfecting anaerobes. The current goal of therapy is to reproduce as closely as possible the anticipated therapeutic response observed with monoetiologic disease. PMID- 6990331 TI - Urinary tract infections in the female. AB - Special problems peculiar to urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the female include higher frequency than in males, recurrent infections, restrictions on antibiotic use during pregnancy, and the "urethral syndrome." Current concepts in the management of UTI include recognition of significant infection with total count of less than 100,000 organisms per milliliter; awareness that untreated UTI usually does not lead to progressive renal failure; importance of differentiating between upper and lower UTI; use of antibody coating of bacterial for distinguishing upper from lower UTI; evidence that 1-day (or single-dose) therapy may be adequate for cystitis, whereas pyelonephritis usually requires treatment beyond 2 weeks; evidence of effective prophylaxis; and indications that Chlamydia may be responsible for some cases of urethral syndrome. PMID- 6990332 TI - Group B streptococcal neonatal infection: clinical review of plans for prevention and preliminary report of quantitative antepartum cultures. AB - The neonatal and obstetric approaches to preventing group B streptococcal neonatal infections are reviewed. Although recent reports recommend prophylactic antibiotic treatment of antepartum and intrapartum group B streptococcal carriers and low-birth-weight infants, acceptance of these schemes is not widespread. A preliminary study to evaluate the value of semiquantitative vaginal and cervical cultures of antepartum women for group B streptococcus in predicting maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity revealed: 1) 11% of the study population were carriers (group B streptococcus isolated from broth only) but only 2.8% had heavy colonization (growth in broth and on streaked plates), and 2) morbidity associated with 8 heavily colonized mothers during the current pregnancy included group B streptococcal endometritis (1 patient), neonatal sepsis (1), and readmission of a newborn for transient cyanosis (1). Two of the heavily colonized mothers were known carriers in their last pregnancy; 1 had group B streptococcal endometritis and the infant of the second developed clinical sepsis at 2 weeks of age. The clinical value of semiquantitative culture techniques requires additional investigation. PMID- 6990333 TI - Clinical risk factors for puerperal infection. AB - Recent studies have identified clinical features that are major risk factors for puerperal infection. Patients of low socioeconomic status undergoing cesarean section who have had prolonged labor and rupture of membranes (ROM) incur a 40 to 85% risk of endometritis. Infection occurs generally in less than 10% of women undergoing vaginal delivery, even when complicated by prolonged ROM, and often in considerably fewer cases. Other features such as internal monitoring, obesity, anemia, and general anesthesia have not been consistent determinants in recent studies. PMID- 6990334 TI - Identification and management of women at high risk for pelvic infection following cesarean section. PMID- 6990335 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy: a review. AB - Recent experimental studies in laboratory animals have elucidated the pathogenesis of operative site infections and have defined the mechanism by which prophylactic antibiotics enhance host defenses against infection. On the basis of these experimental observations, several investigators have conducted well designed studies to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of infection associated with vaginal hysterectomy. Without exception, these studies have demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the incidence of pelvic infections when antimicrobial agents are administered for a limited time in the perioperative period. To date, short courses of prophylactic antibiotics have not been shown to create selective pressures for the emergence of drug-resistant organisms or to lead to the development of more serious superinfections. PMID- 6990336 TI - Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of postoperative infections. AB - Discontinuation of routine use of plastic surgical adhesive drapes, the electrocautery surgical knife, routine preoperative shaving, and routine intraoperative placement of wound drains may reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Other potentially helpful measures include hot conization of the cervix before hysterectomy, delayed wound closure, and minimization of preoperative hospitalization time. Microbiologic cultures and the standard temperature definition of morbidity help but little in diagnosing postoperative infection; needed is careful physical examination of the patient before antibiotics are given. Drainage of abscesses and delay of wound closure may help one avoid the use of antibiotics. To prevent infections, an appropriate antibiotic should be in the tissues within 3 hours after surgery; its use should end in the recovery room. Prospective comparison studies are needed to help physicians choose among today's antibiotics. PMID- 6990337 TI - Cryptococcosis: a ubiquitous hazard. PMID- 6990338 TI - Florence Nightingale: the original geriatric nurse. PMID- 6990339 TI - She blazed a trail for black nurses: Opaline Wadkins. PMID- 6990340 TI - [In memoriam Jozsef Imre Jr]. PMID- 6990341 TI - [The history of the 1831 cholera epidemic in Veszprem County]. PMID- 6990342 TI - [Chekhov and Maugham, favorite writers of the journal Nyugat]. PMID- 6990343 TI - [Gergely Patrubany (1830--1891)]. PMID- 6990344 TI - [Selfadhesive tape in the management of traumatic and surgical wounds in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6990345 TI - [The effect of large doses of psychopharmaca over a prolonged period on the liver]. PMID- 6990346 TI - [The relationship of Coli strains and hemolysis in diarrhea]. AB - In the majority of diarrheal diseases no causative bacterial organism can be identified. Enteropathogenic E.-Coli-Strains were incriminated as causative agents in gastroenteritis on a epidemiologic basis, no pathogenetic mechanisms could be attributed. Cholera research initiated a new understanding of the pathogenesis of E. coli diarrheas: An enterotoxin was found which stimulated fluid and electrolyte secretion in the intestine. We were able to grow E.-Coli Strains with hemolysis in a number of infants with severe, longstanding diarrheas. As the plasmids for hemolysis, enterotoxin production and adhesiveness of organisms on the intestinal mucosa is frequently transmitted simultaneously, we expected to find the majority of enterotoxic strains in the group of E. coli with hemolysis. 12 out of 100 strains E. coli with hemolysis isolated from diarrheal stools were enterotoxin producing strains. Enterotoxic strains were found almost exclusively in infants under one year of age with intractable diarrhea. We conclude therefore that enterotoxic E.-Coli-Strains are real causes of diarrhea also in our region and not as usually assumed only in the tropics. Furthermore, enterotoxic E.-Coli-Strains are found predominantly in the group of E. coli with hemolysis. Other biochemical and serological tests offer no additional possibilities for identification. Possibly also other pathogenetic mechanisms for E. coli with hemolysis might exist for acute diarrheas, however they are not sufficiently investigated yet. PMID- 6990347 TI - Cervical spine injuries caused by diving into water. AB - In 1965-1978, 194 patients with cervical spine injuries, caused by diving into water, were treated. In 182 cases, spinal fracture was accompanied by spinal cord injury. This paper presents mechanism of trauma, in connection with observed degree of neurological disturbances as well as further life of this group of patients in relation to the degree of spinal cord damage. PMID- 6990348 TI - Spinal injuries from swimming and diving treated in the spinal department of Royal Perth Rehabilitation Hospital: 1956-1978. AB - Over the past 23 years, 67 patients have been admitted with spinal cord injuries resulting from swimming and diving. These numbers comprise 10.5 per cent of all traumatic spinal cord injuries received, and 20.6 per cent of all cervical spine injuries received. Ninety-five per cent of these patients were male, and more than three-quarters were young males under the age of 30 years. Two-thirds of these patients had permanent residual disability with an early mrotality rate of 4.4 per cent. PMID- 6990349 TI - Spinal cord injuries due to diving. AB - One hundred and fifty patients with spinal cord lesions due to diving accidents were admitted to Stoke Mandeville Hospital between 1944--77. Most of the patients were young men, 65 had dived into the sea, 48 into swimming pools, 21 into rivers and 3 into lakes. Injuries due to diving into the deep end of swimming pools appear to have been eliminated in Great Britain but injuries due to diving into the shallow end of swimming pools and into the sea continue to occur. The public need further education about the dangers of diving. PMID- 6990350 TI - Paraplegia during skin-diving. (13 cases). AB - Thirteen paraplegias after decompression have been treated in the 5 centres of Lyons, Geneva, Mulhouse, Basel and Strasbourg. All these cases are somehow comparable: 12 males, 1 female, skilled and well-trained divers are involved from 27 to 50 years. Submersion between 30 and 42 metres, during 15 to 30 minutes. Ascension with or without decompression stops. Beginning with sudden posterior thoracic, 4 feeling sick, 2 becoming briedly unconscious, paralysis after a while (until 1 hour). All have received hyperbaric oxygenation (from 1 to 5 hours later), with an improvement for 10. Neurological findings. 5 tetraplegics, 7 para (5 with Brown-Sequard), and one LI. Quickly, the tetraplegics improved to a thoracic level. In two cases, paraplegia remained complete at thoracic level. The others had a better evolution; the paralysis improved slowly, with marked spasticity, impaired sensation did not improve to such an extent, often localised at a lower level, with sexual impotence. Micturitions became normal but with often urine leakages. This rather favourable evolution allowed 11 to go back to work. PMID- 6990351 TI - The treatment and the neurological aspects of diving accidents in Israel. PMID- 6990352 TI - Post-clinical follow-up of spinal patients through domestic check-ups. (Koblenz model). AB - One hundred spine-injured patients have been visited at their homes, examined and questioned about their medical and social situation. The medical conditions have improved, compared with a former similar check-up. But the tendency to work has decreased and is lagging behind other countries. Possible reasons are pointed out. PMID- 6990353 TI - Coping and adaptation following acute spinal cord injury: a theoretical analysis. AB - Coping and adaptation theory is used to synthesis existing data concerning psychological recovery from acute spinal cord injury. Psychological reactions to spinal cord trauma are similar to those of mourning and other situations of severe loss. Each reaction plays a specific role in fostering or hindering recovery depending upon when it occurs. Premorbid personality and the influence of significant others play a central role in coping with injury. These factors partly explain why some patients cope better than others to equally serious disability. A critique of research methodologies and suggestions for new studies are provided. PMID- 6990355 TI - Cancer and immunology laboratory. PMID- 6990354 TI - Analysis of 139 spinal cord injuries due to accidents in water sports. AB - Between 1967 and 1978, a total of 2587 patients received primary treatment in the Spinal Cord Injury Centre at the University of Heidelberg. In 212 cases the paralysis was caused by sports or diving accidents. Injuries resulting from accidents in water sports totalled 139, 131(61.7 per cent) of which could be classified as actual diving accidents. These 131 cases consisted of 129 tetraplegias and only 2 paraplegias. In 5 cases, the tetraplegia resulted from high diving and in 3 cases from scuba-diving. The subjects of the analysis are causes of accidents, segmental diagnosis of neurological deficiency symptoms and prognosis. PMID- 6990356 TI - The differential diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Some viewpoints concerning a common diagnostic problem. AB - Histological criteria which we have found useful for diagnosing endometrial adenocarcinoma are presented and guidelines are developed for separating adenocarcinoma from benign proliferations which can mimic carcinoma, including endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, endometrial epithelial metaplasias, secretory endometria and disintegrating endometrium. The problem of distinguishing endometrial adenocarcinoma from other malignancies is also discussed. PMID- 6990357 TI - [Renin--angiotensin system in rats with spontaneous hypertension]. PMID- 6990358 TI - Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. PMID- 6990359 TI - Gigantism. PMID- 6990361 TI - Aspects of biosocial screening and health maintenance in adolescents. PMID- 6990362 TI - The role of the pediatrician in the adolescent's school. AB - Whether the setting for medical care delivery is the pediatrician's office or the school itself, successful school health models call for good communication and interaction between educators and physicians. In addition, parents and peers can be influential transmitters of health education to teenagers. PMID- 6990363 TI - Sleep and sleepiness in children and adolescents. AB - We have attempted to review the current "state of the art" regarding the ontogenetic course of sleep-wake state organization and possible disruptions in this course from infancy through adolescence. It is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to learn about physiologic functioning during sleep. Much more research is required, directed at the relationship between waking behaviors and sleeping behaviors. Investigations of daytime sleepiness in adolescence, of the relationship of hyperactivity to excessive sleepiness, of the relationship between disorders such as depression and anorexia nervosa with disturbed sleep state organization, and of primary sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and the sleep apnea syndrome only scratch the surface in terms of the future work that needs to be done. PMID- 6990360 TI - Update: adolescent gynecology. AB - As adolescents develop their sexual identities they are at risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and cervical dysplasia. As physical growth and development progress during adolescence, the risk of developing dysmenoorhea or adverse effects from exposure to diethylstilbestrol increase. The pediatrician with a background in growth and development should be capable of recognizing these conditions and participating in their management. PMID- 6990364 TI - Compliance with medical regimens during adolescence. AB - In summary, compliance behavior among adolescents is complex and imcompletely understood. Although the study of compliance is important for understanding the adolescent's stage of psychological development, relationships with authority figures, and the beginning of the youngster's career as a consumer of health care, its ultimate importance lies in the prospect of improving the likelihood that medication will be utilized appropriately. The first step in the process involves systematic monitoring of compliance rather than doing so only when noncompliance is clinically suspected. When compliance is found to be problematic for an adolescent, resorting to "scare" techniques or re-education is rarely effective. A more positive outcome may be achieved by determining the circumstances under which the youngster was successful in complying and attempting to tailor-make the regimen accordingly. Barriers to compliance, such as the presence of side effects, previous negative experience with the medicine, and lack of conviction about the diagnosis of appropriateness of therapy, should always be explored. Other potential intervention strategies for improving compliance have been discussed. In the final analysis, however, as Jonson has noted, all strategies aimed at improving compliance must provide the patient with insight into his own situation and himself, as well as his capability of doing something other than conforming when he judges it best. PMID- 6990365 TI - School dysfunction in the adolescent. AB - The adolescent with school dysfunction presents a multifaceted problem to his parents, to the school, to his physician, and to himself. He struggles with the developmental tasks of adolescence against great odds, entering this important period of life discouraged by school failure and poor self-esteem. Follow-up studies demonstrate that he is at high risk for social, emotional, and psychiatric problems. Despite the pessimistic nature of most of this research, the field holds much promise. New techniques of prevention, assessment, and teaching, as well as prediction of response to education and medication, are being explored and recent research has demonstrated that adolescents with learning disabilities and hyperactivity can continue to make progress and develop into successful, happy adults. PMID- 6990366 TI - Effects of diet on insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels in obese children. AB - To improve understanding of the relationships between gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin secretion and food intake in obesity, immunoreactive insulin and immunoreactive GIP were measured in 5 obese children during PO glucose tolerance test carried out before and after diet. Before diet, mean insulin levels were normal at fasting and rose after glucose ingestion. The mean fasting immunoreactive GIP level was very high (1235 +- 209 pg/ml) compared to that of 8 healthy adult controls (411 +/- 44 pg/ml) and remained at this level throughout the test. There was only a short postabsorptive rise to 1515 +/- 158 pg/ml at 30 min, which was not significantly different either from the patients' basal values or from the 30-min control values (1356 +/- 67 pg/ml). After dieting for 3 to 7 months, immunoreactive insulin responses returned to normal ranges. Concomitantly, both basal and total GIP release diminished significantly (basal GIP, 343 +/- 92 pg/ml; area under the GIP curve, 3820 and 1694 pg/ml/hr before and after diet, respectively). The postabsorptive GIP increment, however, rose significantly from 180 pg/ml/hr, before diet, to 665 pg/ml/hr afterwards. These results might be compatible with the hypothesis that in obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and overactivity of the GIP cells are associated phenomena caused by overeating and reversed by reduced food intake. However, several contradictory findings remain unexplained. The discrepancy between insignificant postabsorptive GIP increments and elevated insulin responses before diet casts doubts on the causal relationship between GIP and insulin secretion. The small GIP rise might be due to a limited secretory capacity of the GIP cells or to a diminished stimulatory capacity of glucose. The constantly high level of GIP might reflect chronic hypersecretion and/or some defect in basal regulation and feedback control of GIP release. The change caused by dietary measures in the GIP secretion pattern provides evidence that in obese children, basal GIP secretion in influenced by nutritional factors. PMID- 6990367 TI - The renin angiotensin system in newborn dogs: developmental patterns and response to acute saline loading. AB - Plasma renin (PRC) and aldosterone concentrations are known to be high during early postnatal life. Whether this is related to the low rates of renal blood flow or to sodium homeostasis remains unknown. Measurement of PRC, renal blood flow, and its intrarenal distribution were performed in 1- to 3-wk-old puppies subjected to maneuvers known to stimulate or inhibit renin release. In the awake state, PRC was observed to be higher in 2-wk-old puppies than in older or younger dogs, (P less than 0.0001). Significant differences in PRC were also found between litters (P less than 0.0001), but they did not account for the age related changes. Anesthesia resulted in a 3- to 5-fold rise in PRC, whereas saline expansion suppressed PRC at all ages, the fall tending to become progressively greater with age (P less than 0.09). There was no significant correlation between the age-related changes in PRC and those in renal blood flow or its intrarenal distribution. The results of these experiments demonstrate that in the newborn from a qualitative point of view, PRC changes appropriately in response to various stimuli. However, quantitative age-related differences exist in this regard, reflecting an initial immaturity of the feedback system. PMID- 6990369 TI - [ECHO-11 viruses in patients hospitalized in Warsaw during 1968-1977]. PMID- 6990368 TI - Reaction of 4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate with proteases in human amniotic fluid. AB - An arginine esterase activity similar to that observed in plasma has been demonstrated in second trimester and term human amniotic fluid. Like plasma, the protease(s) hydrolyzed esters of arginine, were reactive towards 4 methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate (MUGB), a sensitive active site titrant of trypsin-like enzymes, and had a pI of 5.1--5.4. The pH optimum for proteolytic activity was 8.0. This protease activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), benzamidine and (p-nitrophenyl)-p'-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB), and was insensitive to 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone (TLCK) and p hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (HMB). Upon gel filtration, two MUGB-reactive fractions were observed, one with an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 and the other, 100,000. Both fractions had arginine esterase activity and appeared to be sensitive to inhibition by STI and benzamidine. The mean MUGB titre value (nmoles of 4-methylumbelliferone released per ml amniotic fluid) for 300 mid-trimester amniotic fluids was 11.40 +/- 2.40 nmoles MU/ml. The mean specific activity was 2.36 +/- 0.41 nmoles MU/mg protein. Two amniotic fluids from pregnancies which delivered children with cystic fibrosis (CF) were analyzed in blind samples sent from other laboratories. The MU titre values obtained were 4.73 and 4.32 with specific activities of 1.24 and 1.30 respectively. A third was identified in our screening program of amniotic fluids obtained from amniocenteses done for the intrauterine detection of genetic abnormalities. The MU titre value was 5.52 nmoles/ml with a specific activity of 1.34. The specific activities of these fluids when compared to the controls were significantly different (p less than 0.001). The mean titre value for 23 term amniotic fluids samples was 8.14 +/- 1.69 nmoles MU/ml. The mean specific activity was 3.37 +/- 0.76 nmoles MU/mg protein. A term amniotic fluid obtained from a woman who delivered a baby with CF showed a markedly reduced level of MUGB reactivity (3.01 nmole/ml). The specific activity was 1.06 which was significantly different from the control term fluids. The MU titre values and specific activities of amniotic fluids obtained from abnormal pregnancies (such as those with neural tube defects, chromosomal abnormalities and polymorphisms, abortions and stillbirths) and fluids with elevated alphafetoprotein and maternal blood contaminants did not significantly vary from the mean control values (Table 3). PMID- 6990370 TI - [Progress in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases in children]. PMID- 6990371 TI - [In memory of Prof. Jan Kossakowski]. PMID- 6990372 TI - [The Zagorze sanatorium and its role in pediatric neurological therapy]. PMID- 6990373 TI - [Chromosome mapping]. PMID- 6990374 TI - Bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia in children. AB - Aspiration pneumonia in adults has been shown to involve anaerobes about 90% of the time. Studies of the bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia in children done in the past have either failed to exclude the oral and upper respiratory tract flora or have not utilized proper anaerobic culture techniques or both. In the present study. 74 institutionalized children with aspiration pneumonia were studied by percutaneous transtracheal aspiration. Their average age was 8 years. Fifty-two patients had pneumonitis, 12, necrotizing pneumonia, and 10, lung abscess. Only one patient (with lung abscess) had a complicating empyema. There was an average of five bacteria isolated per specimen--2.8 anaerobes and 2.2 nonanaerobes. The predominant anaerobic isolates were Gram-positive cocci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and fuso-bacteria; there were ten patients who yielded members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. The predominant nonanaerobes were alpha hemolytic streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, aspiration pneumonia in children, as in adults, commonly involves anaerobic bacteria. When aspiration occurs in a medical institution, nosocomial pathogens which are aerobic or facultative will also often be involved, in both children and adults. PMID- 6990375 TI - Selected hormone levels in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Hormone levels were measured in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to look for clues to the cause of death. SIDS victims who had petechiae on their intrathoracic organs had higher blood levels of cortisol than victims without such petechiae (25 vs 9 micrograms/100 ml, P less than .005). This raises the possibility that SIDS victims who had petechiae had a longer period of predeath stress than did victims without petechiae since experimental studies have shown that the circulation must continue for a time after stress begins to produce such petechiae. The low normal level of cortisol (9 micrograms/100 ml) in SIDS victims who did not have petechiae raises the possibility that their circulation stopped rather promptly after the final stress began. Hypoxemia may have been the mechanism of death in many of the SIDS victims with petechiae. These victims had 20% more muscle in their pulmonary arteries than did victims without petechiae (P less than .05). This muscle increase is a presumed marker for chronic hypoventilation which leads to hypoxemia. PMID- 6990376 TI - Nasal prongs and work of breathing. PMID- 6990377 TI - [Phase contrast microscopy of the duodenal contents in diseases of the biliary tracts in children]. PMID- 6990378 TI - [Dynamics of the gastrin and insulin level changes in the blood serum in peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 6990380 TI - Practical nursing career 1980. Information about NLN-accredited schools of practical nursing. PMID- 6990379 TI - [Prostaglandins and the possibilities of using them in clinical pediatrics]. PMID- 6990381 TI - [Stereotaxic pituitary implantation of radio-gold in the treatment of severe diabetic retinopathy. Long term results (author's transl)]. AB - The ophtalmic, diabetic and hormonal outcome in 16 patients treated identically for diabetic ophtalmopathy with pituitary radio-gold implants were assessed 1, 2, 5 and 10 years afterwards. Four patients (25%) died in the first 6 years, 3 of them of severe renal insufficiency which developed after pituitary implantation. Of these remaining alive at each assessment visual acuity was either stable or improved in 78%, 58%, 64% and 42% respectively, but at very low levels since at 10 years acuity was 1/10 or less in half the population. Four patients became blind, the remaining eight had a severe proliferative retinopathy with exsudates and haemorrhages but retained useful vision. Haemorrhage and new vessel formation continued to develop with the years following implantation in all patients who at the time had one on either lesion. Cataracts were removed in 6 patients, 3 and 7 years after implantation. The mean insulin requirements of the group fall from 55 to 31 units daily. The fall in growth hormone concentration, occuring in only 45% of cases, does not account for all the improvements observed. Several hormonal deficiencies developed: 2 cases of adrenal insufficiency, 3 of hypothyroidism and 6 of hypogonadal impotence. PMID- 6990382 TI - [Fibrodysplasia of the renal artery. Morphological aspects and possible risks (author's transl)]. AB - It is possible to establish a correlation between the different forms of fibrodysplasia of the renal arteries defined by their histological appearances and the epidemiology, arteriography and course of these diseases. Aneurysm and dissection leading to thrombosis, the possibility of multiple arterial localisations and malignant hypertension are the prognostic risks of this disease. Two particular problems are dealt with: renal artery stenosis in the child and dysplasia of renal arteries of transplanted kidneys. These data form a partial basis for diagnosis and therapeutic indications. PMID- 6990383 TI - [Bartter's syndrome: seven cases in siblings. Hypothesis of mild forms (author's transl)]. AB - Three children with a Bartter's syndrome have been investigated: all of them had growth retardation, hypokalemia (less than 3 mmol/l), raised plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) and a decreased sensibility for angiotensin. In the siblings two children had also growth retardation with mild biological signs of Bartter's syndrome, and two children had normal growth slight hypokalemia raised RPA and urinary PH, and normal sensibility for angiotensin. These data suggest mild forms of this syndrome which could be the Bartter's syndrome diagnosed in adults after laxatives or diuretics absorption. Besides these data stated a negative correlation (p less than 0,01) between plasma K+ and RPA, negative correlation (p less than 0,01) between plasma K+ and urinary PGE2 and a positive correlation (p less than 0,01) between RPA and urinary PGE2. From these observations physiopathology of Bartter's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6990384 TI - Nursing - yesterday and tomorrow. PMID- 6990385 TI - Confessions of an editor. PMID- 6990386 TI - A ride on the nursing roundabout. PMID- 6990387 TI - Where next for nursing history? PMID- 6990388 TI - Celebrating 75 years. PMID- 6990389 TI - Down Memory Lane: the night of the doodle-bugs. PMID- 6990390 TI - [Cimetidine]. PMID- 6990391 TI - [Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse by the Kummell's method]. PMID- 6990392 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthroses of the long bones by the method of bone transplants or compression osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6990393 TI - [Evaluation of the factors affecting the formation of tendon scar under experimental conditions]. PMID- 6990394 TI - [Treatment of crural ulcers caused by venous stasis]. PMID- 6990395 TI - Field trials with an oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler breeders. AB - Chickens vaccinated with live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and subsequently revaccinated with an inactivated oil emulsion vaccine had high and persistent hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers for at least 40 weeks. The geometric mean HI antibody titers of flocks vaccinated with the inactivated ND vaccine ranged from 48.8 to 91.9, whereas the titers of flocks vaccinated every 90 days with a live ND vaccine ranged from 8.6 to 43.5. Breeder flocks revaccinated with a liver LaSota ND vaccine had lower egg production than the flocks vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine. The average egg production per hen for the 40 week laying cycle was 177.8 and 174.8 eggs per hen for hens vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine, whereas those hens vaccinated with the live virus vaccine averaged 163.0 and 155.6 eggs per hen. The increase in egg production would more than offset the additional cost of the oil emulsion NDV vaccine as well as the cost of injecting each individual bird at point of lay. Maternal antibody titers in one-day-old chicks were related to the titers in the dams. Maternal antibody titers in chicks originating from breeder flocks vaccinated with the oil emulsion vaccine were higher than the maternal antibody titers of chickens from breeders vaccinated with the live NDV vaccine. PMID- 6990396 TI - Effect of hatcher fogging on hatcher airborne bacteria and broiler performance. AB - A comparison between fogged and nonfogged hatcher air was undertaken in 4 trials to determine effects on hatcher airborne bacteria, hatch statistics, and broiler performance. Eighteen day incubated eggs were artificially contaminated with a mixed Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus culture when eggs were transferred to hatchers. Fogging with a disinfectant at 12-hr intervals during the hatching period caused significant reductions in total airborne bacteria and S. aureus counts. Counts of E. coli were not significantly affected. Growth data from 150 chicks from each hatcher from each trial showed 50-day feed efficiency and 50-day male body weights were significantly improved in chicks hatched in the fogged hatcher. PMID- 6990397 TI - Pharmacology of leadership. PMID- 6990398 TI - Dynamite doctors. PMID- 6990400 TI - [Plasma renin activity in chronic adrenal gland insufficiency]. AB - Renin plasma activity (RPA) was studied in 25 patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency and in 5--with arterial hypotension caused by factors other than adrenal insufficiency. In patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency RPA was found to be elevated: in 74% of patients left without substitution therapy, and in 52% - given substitution therapy; in the first case RPA averaged 6.5 +/- 3.20, and in the second - 4.30 +/- 1.76 ng/ml/h A1 (normal value - 1.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/h A1). In patients with arterial hypotension not due to adrenal insufficiency RPA was within the normal range averaging 1.61 +/- 0.18 ng/ml/h A1). Clinical significance of RPA determination in patients with arterial hypotension, and also the importance of RPA determination in cases of chronic adrenal insufficiency during substitution therapy is discussed. PMID- 6990399 TI - A simple and gentle method for concentrating protein solutions. AB - A gentle method for concentrating very dilute protein solutions is described. The high capacity of aminohexylagarose in adsorbing different proteins is utilized to handle small or large amounts of protein with practically no losses in material or activity. To concentrate very dilute protein solutions as they occur during purification procedures e.g. of enzymes, a one-step non-inactivating method is needed that may easily be integrated into the purification program. In the course of the purification of a labile enzyme (1) we developed a simple chromatographic method which seems to work for a large variety of proteins. The procedure is applicable to very dilute protein solutions, to small samples as well as to large scale preparations, and it is relatively inexpensive. It appears to be a very gentle method since in all cases tested no loss of enzymic activity could be observed. PMID- 6990401 TI - [Relative insulin deficiency as a primary factor in pathogenesis of spontaneous diabetes mellitus]. AB - The presence at the early stages of diabetes mellitus of relative, not of absolute insulin deficiency was demonstrated. Relative insulin deficiency was caused by reduction of tissue sensitivity to insulin demonstrable in patients with latent and manifest diabetes mellitus both with normal body weight and with adiposity. Reduction of tissue sensitivity serves as the primary factor in the pathologenesis of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6990402 TI - [Functional activity of gonadal glandular cells in patients with testicular dysgenesis]. AB - Results of histochemical study of testicular tissue in 31 patients, aged 2.5 to 31 years, suffering from dysgenesia syndrome of the testis are presented. Enzymes and lipids furnishing synthesis of steroid hormones (3-beta-oxysteroid dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. NAD- and NADP-diaphorase, cholesterol and its esters) were revealed in Leydig's cells of pubertal-juvenile and adult patients, in Leydig's cells precursors in children, and also in Sertoli's cells of all these patients. All these cellular elements possessed high activity of the enzymes under study. It is suggested that Sertoli cells and Leydig's cells precursors, along with mature Leydig's cells, provide a sufficiently high functional activity of the gonads in patients with dysgenesia of the testis. PMID- 6990403 TI - [State of the insular apparatus in experimental thyrotoxicosis]. AB - The oral intravenous glucose tolerance tests revealed an increase in the rate of glucose utilization in rabbits fed high thyroidine doses. Hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia on fasting stomach, as well as a reduction of insulin reaction to intravenous glucose load were seen in such animals. A fall of insulin secretion in thyrotoxicosis is considered to be a compensatory reaction permitting glucose output from the liver to meet increased tissue demands in the oxidative substrates. PMID- 6990405 TI - [Comparative morphological and insulin-producing characteristics of cellular cultures of the islands of Langerhans in experimental animals]. AB - The pancreas from cattle and pigs (5--6-month-old), newborn rats, and guinea pits (1--1.5-month-old) was subjected to combined with trypsin and Wersen solutions and collagenase. Morphological changes and the insulin-producing activity of the primary cultures of the islet cells from these pancreas were studied. B- and A cells were identified histologically. Concentration of insulin produced in the culture medium was determined immunoradiologically. The culture studied proved to preserve the morphological and functional differentiation for 4 to 5 weeks from the growth onset; their morphological changes during growth were similar. The level of the insulin produced depended on the cell composition and functional state of the culture. Increased glucse concentration (300 mg %) stimulated insulin secretion. PMID- 6990406 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis]. PMID- 6990404 TI - [Sensitivity of various metabolic processes to adrenaline and insulin experimental thyrotoxicosis]. AB - The fasting hypoglycemia and hyperlipocidemia were observed in rabbits fed with massive doses of thyroidine. The hypoglycemic effect of insulin was diminished but its hypolipocidemic action rose. In the isolated diaphragm of rats given massive doses of 1-thyroxine insulin produced a more pronounced effect on glucose uptake than in the muscle of control animals. The hyperglycemic action of epinephrine in thyrotoxic rabbits remained unaltered, but its hyperlipocidemic effect proved to be less than in control animals. The in vitro effect of epinephrine on the adipose tissue lipolytic activity of severe thyrotoxic rats was less than that in control rats. PMID- 6990407 TI - [Central hemodynamics in pulmonary tuberculosis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6990409 TI - DNA sequence of the Serratia marcescens lipoprotein gene. AB - The Serratia marcescens gene for the outer membrane lipoprotein (lpp) was cloned in lambda phage vector Charon 14. The recombinant phage was very unstable, and the lpp gene with a 300-base-pair deletion at the transcription termination site was further cloned in pBR322. The DNA sequence of 834 base pairs encompassing the lpp gene was determined and compared with that of the Escherichia coli lpp gene. The sequence comparisons exhibit several unique features. (i) The promoter region is highly conserved (84% homology) and has an extremely high A+T content (78%) as in E. coli (80%). (ii) The 5' nontranslated region of the lipoprotein mRNA is also highly conserved (95% homology). (iii) In the DNA sequence corresponding to the signal peptide of this secretory protein, there are three drastic changes, including addition of one base pair and deletion of four base pairs in S. marcescens as compared to E. coli. The resultant alterations in the amino acid sequence, however, do not change the basic properties of the signal peptide, which are assumed to be essential for its function in the secretory mechanism. (iv) The DNA sequence from the amino terminus to the 51st residue of the mature lipoprotein is highly conserved (95% homology) and there is no amino acid substitution. (v) The DNA sequence corresponding to the seven amino acid residues at the carboxyl terminus has only 42% homology, resulting in four amino acid substitutions. (vi) Within the section of 40 base pairs beginning with the termination codon (UAA) and ending immediately before the oligo(T) transcription termination site in the E. coli lpp gene, there is about 60% homology. However, after this section, there is no obvious homology between the two sequences, probably because of a deletion of 300 base pairs at this region. (vii) Seven stable stem-and-loop structures could be formed in the mRNA region. (viii) Alterations in the third position of codons used in the lpp gene suggest that the gene has evolved somewhat differently from other genes in S. marcescens. PMID- 6990408 TI - Primary structure of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. AB - The amino acid sequence of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) from Escherichia coli has been determined. EF-Tu is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 393 amino acids (Mr 43,225 for the species bearing COOH-terminal serine). The NH2-terminal serine is acetylated, and lysine-56 is partially methylated. The sites of facile tryptic cleavage are at arginines 44 and 58 and at lysine-263. The cysteinyl residues associated with aminoacyl-tRNA and guanosine nucleotide binding activities are residues 81 and 137, respectively. The COOH-terminal amino acid is heterogenous in that analyses of the COOH-terminal peptides isolated from different EF-Tu preparations gave position 393 as glycine and serine in ratios (Gly/Ser) ranging from about 0.7 to 3. PMID- 6990410 TI - Processing of precursors of 21S ribosomal RNA from yeast mitochondria. AB - The transcription and processing of mitochondrial 21S rRNA in a petite strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined by electron microscopic analysis of R loop hybrids and by hybridization of labeled mitochondrial DNA probes to RNA transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. We have shown the presence of a large [5.1- to 5.4-kilobase (kb)] transcript that appears to be a precursor of mitochondrial 21S rRNA. This transcript contains sequences homologous to those of the mature 21S rRNA, to the intervening sequence present in the gene, and to additional sequences at the 3' end of the molecule. Our data suggest that this precursor of 21S rRNA is processed in two steps. The intron sequence is usually excised first, followed by removal of the extra 3' sequences. In some cases, however, the 3' extension is first removed and the intron sequence is then excised. Both pathways appear to lead to formation of the 3.1-kb mature 21S rRNA and a stable 1.2-kb intron transcript. Similar results were obtained with grande MH41-7B mitochondrial RNA by RNA transfer hybridization. We have also observed a number of additional transcripts that may be normal processing intermediates or may result from faulty cleavage-ligation during excision of the intervening sequence. PMID- 6990411 TI - There is a correlation between the DNA affinity and mutagenicity of several 3 amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indoles. AB - 3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, previously reported to be a component of tryptophan pyrolysates, is an intensely mutagenic compound requiring microsomal activation for expression of mutagenicity. We have found that this species and several synthetic analogs interact noncovalently with calf thymus DNA, as judged by both fluorescence quenching and differential dialysis. Remarkably, this noncovalent interaction correlated with the mutagenic potential of the compounds in a bacterial mutagenesis assay. Therefore, it is suggested that the mechanism of mutagenesis involves metabolic activation followed by physicochemical interaction with DNA; for these compounds, the latter step may be limiting for the expression of mutagenicity. PMID- 6990412 TI - The 68,000-dalton neurofilament-associated polypeptide is a component of nonneuronal cells and of skeletal myofibrils. AB - Purified preparations of 10-nm neurofilaments from rat spinal cord and bovine or porcine brain contain a predominant 68,000-dalton polypeptide. This polypeptide is also a major component of the neurofilaments that copurify with brain tubulin isolated by cycles of polymerization and depolymerization. A protein that has the same isoelectric point and molecular weight as the neurofilament-associated polypeptide has also been identified as a cytoskeletal protein in a variety of avian and mammalian cell types, including baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) mouse 3T3, Novikoff rat hepatoma, chicken fibroblast, and chicken muscle cells. This protein is also a component of isolated chicken skeletal myofibrils. One-dimensional peptide maps of the 68,000-dalton proteins purified by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from myofibrils, cycled tubulin, purified neurofilaments, and various cultured cell types were identical. In immunofluorescence this protein was associated with cytoplasmic intermediate filaments and myofibril Z discs. These results indicate that the neurofilament-associated polypeptide is a conserved protein that is present in many different cell types in addition to neuronal cells. Because some of these cells contain the major components of two other intermediate filament classes, desmin and vimentin, a given cell type may contain the subunits of at least three distinct intermediate filament types. PMID- 6990413 TI - Intracellular distribution of nerve growth factor in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells: evidence for a perinuclear and intranuclear location. AB - The distribution of nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat pheochromocytoma cells (clone PC12) has been studied with two different techniques: immunofluorescence and autoradiography. It was found that NGF is progressively internalized in the cytoplasmic compartment and eventually accumulates in the form of discrete dots around the nucleus. A fraction of the internalized NGF appears within the nucleoplasm, often contiguous with the nucleolus. It is suggested that cytoplasmic and perinuclear NGF may be be in contact with a pool of tubulin or actin-like proteins in their soluble or organized form and play a key role in the process of arrest of division and neurite growth. PMID- 6990414 TI - Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of protein with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis. AB - The heat-stable polypeptide ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 (APF-1) of the reticulocyte proteolytic system forms covalent compounds with proteins in an ATP requiring reaction. APF-1 and lysozyme, a good substrate for ATP-dependent proteolysis, form multiple conjugates, as was shown by comigration of label from each upon gel electrophoresis. Multiple bands were also seen with other substrates of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system, such as globin or alpha lactalbumin. Analysis of the ratio of APF-1 to lysozyme radioactivities and of the molecular weights of the bands indicated that they consist of increasing numbers of the APF-1 polypeptide bound to one molecule of lysozyme. The covalent linkage is probably of an isopeptide nature, because it is stable to hydroxylamine and alkali, and polylysine is able to give conjugates of APF-1. Removal of ATP after formation of the 125I-labeled APF-1 conjugates with endogenous proteins caused the regeneration of APF-1, indicating presence of an amidase. This reaction is thought to compete with proteases that may act on APF-1 protein conjugates, especially those containing several APF-1 ligands. A sequence of reactions in which the linkage of APF-1 to the substrate is followed by the proteolytic breakdown of the substrate is proposed to explain the role of ATP. PMID- 6990415 TI - Nucleotide sequence of ilvGEDA operon attenuator region of Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the DNA thought to contain the control region for the ilvGEDA operon in Escherichia coli has been determined by the Maxam-Gilbert procedure. The sequence includes a region that, upon transcription, would yield a leader transcript specifying a peptide 32 residues long. This putative peptide would contain four leucine, five isoleucine, and six valine residues. A model is proposed that correlates the multivalent control of the ilvGEDA operon with the extent to which this leader transcript is translated. In vitro transcription experiments yielded a transcript of about 183 nucelotides, compatible with the predictions of the model. PMID- 6990416 TI - Thermally induced biosynthesis of 2'-O-methylguanosine in tRNA from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB27. AB - The contents of 2'-O-methylguanosine and 1-methyladenosine in unfractionated tRNA obtained from Thermus thermophilus HB27 were found to increase significantly when the bacterium was grown at a higher temperature (80 degrees C). S-Adenosyl-L methionine-dependent tRNA (guanosine-2')-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.34) and tRNA (adenine-1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.36) were detected in a cell-free extract of the thermophile, and both of them were partially purified. tRNA (guanosine-2') methyltransferase specifically catalyzed the methylation of the guanylate residue at position 19 from the 5' end of Escherichia coli tRNAMetf. The amounts of these methyltransferases in the cells and their thermal characteristics seemed to be independent of the growth temperature of the bacterial cells from which the enzymes were extracted. It was inferred that the temperature dependence of the methylation process in vivo is accounted for, not by temperature dependence of enzyme formation, but by that of the enzyme activity. PMID- 6990417 TI - The lexA gene product represses its own promoter. AB - The products of the lexA and recA genes of Escherichia coli regulate the cellular response to DNA damage (the SOS response). Here we describe the cloning of the wild-type lexA gene and the identification of its 24,000-dalton protein product. We also describe construction, by recombination in vitro, of a phage that bears the lexA promoter fused to the lacZ gene. Experiments with this fusion phage and with multicopy plasmids that carry the lexA gene showed that the lexA gene product represses of its own promoter. This repression occurs even if the cell has no recA gene, showing that the lexA protein need not be complexed to the recA protein for activity. Moreover, the presence of multicopy plasmids that carry the lexA gene blocks expression of all SOS responses tested. This presumably results from two effects: (i) repression of the recA gene, the product of which is required to activate many of these responses; and (ii) direct repression of other functions involved in the SOS response. PMID- 6990418 TI - Propagation of conformational changes in Ni(II)-substituted aspartate transcarbamoylase: effect of active-site ligands on the regulatory chains. AB - Although the importance of ligand-promoted conformational changes in allosteric enzymes has been recognized, it often has been difficult to determine whether the effects of binding are propagated to remote positions in different chains. Efforts were made, therefore, to demonstrate that changes due to ligand binding to the catalytic chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate:L aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) of Escherichia coli are "communicated" to the regulatory chains. For these studies the endogenous zinc in the latter chains was replaced by nickel, which served as a discriminating spectral probe. The Ni(II)-enzyme was constructed by dissociating the native enzyme, separating the catalytic and regulatory subunits, removing Zn(II) from the latter, replacing it with Ni(II), and reconstituting the enzyme from native catalytic and Ni(II)-containing regulatory subunits. Ni(II) derivatives containing either six Ni(II) or five Ni(II) and one Zn(II) possess the allosteric properties of the native enzyme and exhibit absorption bands at 360 and 440 nm due to charge transfer transitions. Smaller bands were also observed at 665 and 720 nm from d-d transitions, which are consistent with tetrahedral geometry in the coordination sphere of nickel. Binding of the bisubstrate ligand N (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate to the catalytic subunit of Ni(II)-aspartate transcarbamoylase perturbed the Ni(II) chromophore, giving rise to two difference spectral bands (at 390 and 465 nm). Spectral titrations showed that the conformational changes at the metal-ion-binding sites were complete even though about one-third of the active sites were unoccupied. This propagation of conformational changes is in accord with other evidence indicating that the allosteric transition in aspartate transcarbamoylase is concerted. PMID- 6990419 TI - Amino-terminal sequence and processing of the precursor of the leucine-specific binding protein, and evidence for conformational differences between the precursor and the mature form. AB - A 2.1-kilobase Bgl II DNA fragment from Escherichia coli containing livK, the gene coding for the leucine-specific binding protein, has been cloned into the BamHI site of the plasmid vector pBR322. The DNA sequence of segments of the resulting plasmid, pOX7, established the location of the livK gene and the direction of its transcription. In vitro protein synthesis directed by pOX7DNA yielded the Mr 42,000 precursor of the leucine-specific binding protein and a small amount of the Mr 39,000 mature protein. Continued incubation of the in vitro reaction mixture after DNase and RNase treatment resulted in additional processing. The DNA sequence of the beginning of livK suggested that 23 additional amino acid residues are present as an extension of the NH2 terminus of the mature protein. Amino acid sequence analysis established that the precursor has the predicted 23-residue extension. Proteolytic digestion studies with the precursor and mature forms of the leucine-specific binding protein indicate that there are conformational differences between the two. This suggests a possible role for the signal sequence in determining the conformation of the binding protein precursor that is recognized by the membrane. PMID- 6990420 TI - Synthesis and localization of fibronectin during collagenous matrix-mesenchymal cell interaction and differentiation of cartilage and bone in vivo. AB - The biosynthesis of fibronectin during the in vivo development of matrix-induced endochondral bone was investigated by using [35S]methionine in rats. The dmineralized bone matrix that was implanted subcutaneously to induce local bone formation bound circulating fibronectin. This may be an important initial requirement for cell attachment to the matrix. Fibronectin was present throughout the development of bone but accounted for the largest percentage of total protein synthesized during mesenchymal cell proliferation and hematopoiesis. Fibronectin was identified in tissue extracts by its (i) comigration on electrophoretic NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels with human and rat plasma fibronectin, (ii) affinity for denatured collagen, (iii) crossreactivity with purified antibody of rat plasma fibronectin, and (iv) insensitivity to collagenase digestion. Fibronectin was localized by immunofluorescence in the extracellular matrix during the period of mesenchymal cell proliferation. During chondrogenesis, fibronectin was demonstrated in the differentiating chondrocytes. Fibronectin was detectable in the cartilage matrix only after hyaluronidase treatment. During vascular invasion, prior to osteogenesis, fibronectin was localized in association with endothelial cells. These observations demonstrate a possible role of fibronectin in collagenous matrix-mesenchymal cell interaction in vivo. PMID- 6990421 TI - Isolation of the centromere-linked CDC10 gene by complementation in yeast. AB - A hybrid plasmid colony bank was constructed in Escherichia coli using the E. coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector pLC544 and randomly sheared segments of yeast DNA. By transformation with a hybrid plasmid DNA pool from this collection and complementation of a temperature-sensitive cdc10 mutation in yeast, a plasmid was isolated that carries 8 kilobase pairs of DNA around the chromosome III centromere-linked CDC10 locus. This DNA segment overlaps a larger region of DNA (40 kilobase pairs) previously identified to be around the LEU2 locus on chromosome III [Chinault, A.C. & Carbon, J. (1979) Gene 5, 111-126] and physically establishes the directionality of the cloned DNA sequences with respect to the genetic map and the centromere. In the leu2-cdc10 interval, the relationship between physical distance on the DNA and genetic distance as measured by recombinational frequencies is about 3 kilobase pairs per centimorgan. PMID- 6990422 TI - Determination of subpopulations of leukocytes involved in the synthesis of alpha 1-antitrypsin in vitro. PMID- 6990423 TI - Femur mass: modulation by marrow cells from young and old donors. PMID- 6990424 TI - Renin, water drinking, walt preference and blood pressure in alcohol preferring and alcohol avoiding rats. AB - Mechanisms controlling fluid volume were studied in alcohol preferring AA (Alko, Alcohol) and alcohol avoiding ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) rats. Hypertonic sodium chloride solution (5%) given orally caused a higher dipsogenic response in AA rats than in the ANA's. One hour after ethanol loading (4.8 g/kg, by stomach tube), plasma renin activity of AA rats was four times as high as in ANA rats. ANA rats had higher degree of sodium chloride (0.9%) preference and higher blood pressure. The strain differences in voluntary salt intake and salt metabolism may modulate the consumption of calories and water as well as blood pressure and different reactivity of the renin system in AA and ANA rats. PMID- 6990425 TI - Differing degrees of coal-tar shampoo-induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella/liver test system in vitro. AB - Hexane extracts of four commercial preparations of coal tar shampoos were studied for their mutagenic properties in the Salmonella/liver test system in vitro. Three of the four shampoos were highly mutagenic, whereas the fourth was not - under our experimental conditions. By high-performance liquid chromatographic, gas-liquid chromatographic, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses, more than 35 distinct fractions could be resolved; seven polycyclic aromatic chemicals believed to be present in coal tar were tentatively assigned as the major component of some of these fractions. The shampoo extract that was most mutagenic had a greater number of distinct fractions and contained approximately 50 times more benzo[a]pyrene, compared with the one shampoo extract that was not mutagenic under our experimental conditions. The possible clinical hazards of this observed mutagenicity of certain coal tar shampoos are presently not known. PMID- 6990426 TI - A controlled trial of senna preparations and other laxatives used for bowel cleansing prior to radiological examination. AB - Film quality of PP, X-P and HP methods shows only small differences. 1-day preparation reduces the burden on nursing staff. The standardized sennoside preparations have a good palatability. HP was significantly better than X-P and is safe in diabetic patients. PP gives fewer side effects (cramps) than HP and X P. Low residue dietary measures are essential for a good result. PMID- 6990427 TI - Recent developments in the analysis of anthraquinone derivatives. PMID- 6990428 TI - HLPC in the determination of some anthraquinone glycosides. PMID- 6990429 TI - Changes of carbohydrate metabolism caused by food restriction, as detected by insulin administration. PMID- 6990430 TI - Cephalic insulin response as a test for completeness of vagotomy to the pancreas. PMID- 6990432 TI - Circadian rhythms in ingestive behavior and responsiveness to glucoprivic and osmotic challenges in rats with rostral zona incerta lesions. PMID- 6990431 TI - Ontogeny of cephalic insulin release by the rat. PMID- 6990434 TI - The statistical analysis of heart rate: a review emphasizing infancy data. PMID- 6990433 TI - Responsiveness to 2-deoxy-d-glucose and insulin in rats with rostral zona incerta lesions. PMID- 6990435 TI - Endometrial blood flow in anaesthetized sheep as measured with krypton-85 clearance and microsphere techniques. AB - Uterine blood flow rates were obtained with a Krypton (85Kr) clearance technique and with radio-active microspheres in six anaesthetized, non-pregnant ewes (a total of ten comparisons). 85Kr was administered, via a catheter, into the abdominal aorta and beta-emissions were detected with a catheter-type semi conductor detector probe situated in the lumen of a uterine horn. In seven instances, the 85Kr clearance curve had only one component while in the remaining three instances the curves could be resolved into two components. The flow rates derived from the single component curves and the mean flow rates calculated from the curves with two components were of the same order as, and highly correlated with, estimates of capillary blood flow obtained with microspheres for either the caruncles, the inter-caruncular endometrium or the total endometrium (r = 0.832, r = 0.822 and r = 0.841, respectively, P less than 0.005). There was no correlation between the flow rates obtained with the 85Kr technique and estimates of myometrial capillary blood flow obtained with microspheres. PMID- 6990436 TI - Inactivation of dried yeast cells by accelerated heavy ions of very high LET. PMID- 6990437 TI - The relationship between the phenomenon of photoreactivation in Escherichia coli following ionizing radiation and the Cerenkov emission. PMID- 6990438 TI - Effects of broad-band vacuum-uv synchrotron radiation on wet yeast cells. PMID- 6990439 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of scabies on the basis of the materials from the Dermatological Clinic of the Medical Academy in Cracow from 1970 to 1977]. PMID- 6990440 TI - [Application of synchrotron radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990441 TI - [Pregnancy and renal transplantation]. PMID- 6990442 TI - [Sepsis caused by Shigella. A new registered case]. PMID- 6990443 TI - [Relation of the members of the Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Dihestiva]. PMID- 6990444 TI - [History of the fibrocope]. PMID- 6990445 TI - [The professor doctor Juan Puig Sureda (1880-1978) In memoriam]. PMID- 6990446 TI - The antibiotic activity of the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system in the calf abomasum. AB - The lactoperoxidase system which had been previously shown to kill Gram-negative organisms (eg, coliforms, salmonellae, pseudomonads) in vitro, was found to be activated in vivo. The lactoperoxidase was provided by the milk and the thiocyanate either by the milk or by its secretion in the abomasum. The third factor was provided either by a H2O2 generating system (glucose oxidase and glucose) or by H2O2 producing lactobacilli. The latter occur naturally in large numbers in the abomasum of the calf. PMID- 6990448 TI - The human language areas and cerebral asymmetries. PMID- 6990447 TI - An introduction to the metabolism of pyrethroids. PMID- 6990449 TI - [General linguistics and aphasia]. PMID- 6990450 TI - [Doctor Raymond Nedey (1917-1979)]. PMID- 6990451 TI - [Current data on physiopathology of the infectious process. I. Role of the cellular receptors in the insertion of infectious aggression]. PMID- 6990453 TI - [Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from 2 patients with acute enteritis]. AB - Three Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were isolated from 2 cases of acute enteritis. The bacilli developed in pure or predominantly pure cultures on ADCL and Istrati-Meitert isolation media. A description is given of the morphologic, cultural, biochemical properties and sensitivity of the strains to antibiotics. One of the patients presented agglutinins in a 1/40+ + titre. The arguments lending support to the causative role of these bacilli are discussed. It is for the first time that isolation of Plesiomonas shigelloides has been reported in Romania. PMID- 6990452 TI - [Identification of some atypical (morpho-cultural and enzymatic) characteristics of E. coli strains isolated in different clinical and epidemiological conditions]. AB - From among the 2813 E. coli strains isolated from various specimens (urine, feces, pharyngeal exudates, organs from fowls) in the course of two years, the authors selected and carried out a complex study on the strains exhibiting atypical features, considered to give rise to errors of diagnosis. Of the 2813 strains studied, 599 (21.29%) presented different atypical traits : 45 (1.59%) morphological and cultural (very small pulvurelent colonies or extremely mucous, oily colonies), 21 (0.74%) morphological, cultural and enzymatic atypical aspects and 533 (18.96%) only enzymatic (non-indolegenous strains, strains giving a methyl red reaction, H2S positive strains, lactose-negative and adonite or inosite-positive strains). PMID- 6990454 TI - [Epidemiological preoccupations of Dr. V. Voiculescu]. PMID- 6990456 TI - Coping: 'relax? That's easy for you to say!'. PMID- 6990455 TI - [Professor Gheorghe T. Badenski (1901-1978)]. PMID- 6990457 TI - [Microsurgery of peripheral vessels and nerves]. PMID- 6990458 TI - [Exploration of immunity in man. Application to immune deficiencies]. PMID- 6990459 TI - [Bone marrow grafts]. PMID- 6990460 TI - [Immunology (I). In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 6990461 TI - [Contribution of immunology in the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases]. PMID- 6990462 TI - [Antineoplastic chemotherapy in 1980. Current status and prospects]. PMID- 6990463 TI - Present-day problems of diagnosis and treatment in the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A review is made of the data in the literature and of the authors' experience regarding the etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of the chronic form of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The mechanisms of production (after McMillan et al.) are presented schematically and the five criteria of ITP diagnosis suggested by Karpatkin are discussed: 1) decreased blood platelet count with direct or indirect signs of thrombocytolysis; 2) increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and/or signs of intramedullary thrombocytolysis; 3) direct or indirect signs of antiplatelet autoantibody presence in the plasma; 4) exclusion of a primary disorder and 5) absence of splenomegaly. The results of corticotherapy, splenectomy, platelet transfusion and immunosuppression (including "target" immunosuppressive therapy) in 188 patients with ITP, admitted to the clinic of Hematology--Bucharest between 1966 and 1978, are presented and analysed. PMID- 6990465 TI - [30 years of work at the Institute of Physical Training Medicine at the School of General Medicine of Charles University in Prague]. PMID- 6990464 TI - Coronary vasospasm as a pathogenetic mechanism of coronary heart disease. AB - An attempt is made to summarize recent available information on the coronary vasospasm as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of coronary heart disease. The review focuses attention on the following topics: 1) spasm and the coronary artery microarchitecture; 2) spasm and the nervous system control of the coronary arteries; 3) spasm and clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease. Data are also presented on the influence of drugs on the coronary vasospasm. PMID- 6990466 TI - Strength properties of some gypsum-bonded casting investments. AB - The present investigations show that there is no correlation between on the one hand the wet and the dry compressive strength of the three gypsum-bonded investments studied and on the other the compressive strength of the investments at burn-out temperature. The study also demonstrated that there is no correlation between the compressive strength and the fracture resistance of sharp edges of the investment mold when exposed to the impact of the casting alloy entering the mold. The inconveniences caused by the fracture of such edges are prevented by a moderate rounding of the corresponding parts in the preparation. PMID- 6990467 TI - Effect of the setting expansion of dental stone upon the die precision. AB - The present investigation has shown that the setting expansion of two dental stones when measured according to the ADA Specification No. 25, was lower than the expansion determined by a dial gauge method. The values from this latter test and the percentage deviation of the diameter of full crown stone dies (produced in individual silicone impressions) from the base diameter of the original preparation were identical. A reduction of the effective expansion to a value of 0.05% or less is desirable and proved possible for the stone materials studied without altering other important properties. PMID- 6990468 TI - Change in cellular phenotype from lymphoid to erythroid in a case of ALL. AB - Acute leukaemia was diagnosed in a 3-month-old boy. Initial blood leucocyte count was 97 x 10(9)/1, 92% of the cells were morphologically small lymphoblasts which according to surface marker analysis were of the common ALL (non-T non-B) type. Remission was achieved with initial treatment. During relapse 5 months later a morphologically different leukaemic cell appeared in the bone marrow, blood and liquor. This cell type which dominated during the terminal stage of the disease was larger and had an abundant bosophilic cytoplasm which contained PAS-positive granulae. Sudan, myeloperoxidase and benzidine staining gave negative results. Neither T nor B lymphocyte markers were seen but a strong surface expression of glycophorin A was found by indirect immunofluorescence with specific rabbit anti glycophorin A antiserum. The cells showed a unique surface glycoprotein pattern. Bone marrow karyotype analysis gave in about 80%: 47,XY,+8,t(4:11) indicating that this blast cell represented a malignant clone. As glycophorin A is expressed exclusively on erythroid cells and their precursors, this finding indicates a change from a 'lymphoid' to an erythroid phenotype of the leukaemic cells during the course of the disease. PMID- 6990469 TI - Human lymphocyte populations in blood after tetanus vaccination. AB - The content of circulating T and B lymphocytes in 9 healthy volunteers was estimated before and after secondary vaccination with tetanus toxoid. E, Fc, and C3 receptors were demonstrated by rosette techniques and surface Ig by fluorescence technique. The absolute number of T and non-T (B) lymphocytes was simultaneously increased during the first 48 h and at 144 h after vaccination. The correlation between paired T and non-T (B) lymphocyte counts was enhanced after vaccination, probably reflecting mechanisms governing the traffic of lymphocytes. PMID- 6990470 TI - Growth patterns of human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in diffusion chambers befor treatment and after cessation of therapy. AB - Diffusion Chambers (DC) were used to culture human bone marrow of ALL patients at the beginning and after the cessation of therapy. No growth was observed in patients before treatment, while growth patterns similar to the normal were obtained in patients after 3 years of maintenance therapy. We suggested the possibility of intensifying the multiple drug chemotherapy in ALL without permanent damage of the stem cell proliferative compartment. PMID- 6990471 TI - Serotypes of group B streptococci in urogenital patients. AB - Isolates of group B streptococci (B-str.) of human urogenital origin were typed by a double diffusion precipitation test in agarose gel. The 114 isolates originated from normal women, gynaecological patients, women and men examined at venereological clinics, and were all typable by this technique. Type III/R was most frequently encountered (41/114), type Ic next (28/114), and then type II/Ic (18/114). Other types were: Ib (11/114), II/R (8/114), III (3/114), Ibc (3/114), II (1/114) and R (1/114). When the 4 groups of strains were considered separately a different pattern of distribution was seen in the gynaecological patients, in that 12/26 strains in this material were of type Ic. The Ibc protein antigen, which has been proved to be present also in streptococci other than group B, was widely distributed among the strains examined. PMID- 6990472 TI - Quantitation of serum antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci types Ia, Ib, and III: low antibody levels in mothers of neonatally infected infants. AB - A method has been developed for the detection in human sera of antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci (GBS), types Ia, Ib, or III. The sera were absorbed with GBS type II and then added to a suspension of GBS of the type against which antibodies were to be measured. After incubation and washing of the bacteria, the antibodies present on the surface of the cells were quantitated with radiolabelled protein A. Antibodies of IgG class were detected, probably specific for types Ia, Ib, or III, with the exception that the Ib GBS suspension used could detect some antibodies to type Ia. With this method it was found that 6/7 mothers to infants with GBS septicemia had low levels of serum antibodies to the infant's type of GBS. Urogenital carriers of GBS, giving birth to neonatally healthy infants, had higher serum antibody levels against the colonizing type. PMID- 6990473 TI - Antibiotics to patients with urinary infections in connection with transurethral prostatectomy. AB - 79 male patients with bladder neck obstruction and urinary tract infection were randomly divided into two groups prior to transurethral prostatectomy. One group (37 patients) was treated preoperatively and for 10 days postoperatively with cephazolin-cephalexin, and the other group (42 patients) was treated with methenamine hippurate in the same way. In the first group, 2 patients developed chills postoperatively without untoward effect on their general condition. In the second group, 7 patients developed postoperative sepsis with systemic symptoms while on therapy with methenamine hippurate: therapy was then changed to cephazolin--cephalexin and the patients were cured. Urinary cultures 4--9 weeks postoperatively did not show bacterial growth in 21/37 treated with cephalosporins and in 11/42 treated with methenamine hippurate. This difference is statistically significant (P = 0.0082). PMID- 6990474 TI - A comparison of the side-effects of amoxycillin and pivampicillin. AB - In 91 patients with urinary tract infections treated with amoxycillin or pivampicillin, the incidence of side-effects was high with both preparations. Although the majority of the side-effects were of minor nature, there was a significantly higher incidence of upper gastrointestinal complaints in those patients receiving pivampicillin (29.5%) as opposed to amoxycillin (6.4%). PMID- 6990475 TI - The effect of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on nasopharyngeal and nasal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - To investigate the possible effect of a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine on the nasopharyngeal and nasal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we studied 313 children under 8 years of age who had received either 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Pn) or Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Hib) after having recovered from acute otitis media. Nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs were obtained during a symptomless phase, 6 to 12 months after the vaccination, and cultured by routine bacteriological methods. All S. pneumoniae strains were serotyped and among H. influenzae strains, type b was identified. In the group that had received the Pn vaccine, the carriage rate of S. pneumoniae types present in the vaccine (type 6 excluded) was 20%, somewhat but not significantly lower than the 30% carriage in the group having received the Hib vaccine. Conversely, the carriage rate of H. influenzae was slightly higher in the Pn (26%) than in the Hib (19%) vaccine group. 14% of the H. influenzae strains were of type b, and this proportion was the same in both vaccine groups. There were no differences between the two vaccination groups in the carriage rates of other S. pneumoniae types or of Staphylococcus aureus or of group A hemolytic streptococci. S. pneumoniae was more often cultured from nasopharyngeal than nasal swabs, especially in children over 6 years, whereas the total carriage rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were largely unaffected by age. PMID- 6990476 TI - Pulmonary atelectasis following upper urinary tract surgery on patients in the 25 degrees and 45 degrees 'jack-knife' position. A sequential analysis. AB - The development of pulmonary atelectasis following upper urinary tract surgery in patients positioned either in the 25 degrees or the 45 degrees 'jack-knife' position was evaluated in a randomized clinical trial with sequential analysis. Atelectasis was diagnosed from chest radiographs and/or from a decrease in arterial oxygen tension during the first three postoperative days. 32.1% of 78 patients developed atelectasis, but no statistically significant differences was found between the two positions. PMID- 6990477 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in a renal allograft recipient under longterm immunosuppressive therapy. AB - A 40-year-old Caucasian male with chronic glomerulonephritis received a cadaver renal transplant in July 1973, and received continuous immunosuppressive therapy with Azathioprine and prednisone. His renal function deteriorated during the autumn of 1977, and he developed haemangiomatous tumours in the soft palate and on the sole of the right foot in April 1978. Both were surgically removed and histologically confirmed as Kaposi's sarcomata. The patient died a month later of renal insufficiency. At autopsy, a Koposi's sarcoma was also present in the right lateral malleolar region. There were multiple calcifications in the lungs, vessel walls, striated muscle and subcutaneous fat. To our knowledge, this is the 29th reported case of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in renal allograft recipients under long-term immunosuppressive therapy. It is concluded that the development of this tumour is probably related to such therapy. PMID- 6990478 TI - Stones in renal transplants. AB - In a 50-year-old man (case 1) and a 17-year-old girl (case 2) stones developed in a functioning renal transplant. The respective intervals from transplantation to appearance of stone were seven years and six months. The serum calcium was elevated to approximately 3.00 mmol/l in case 1 and 2.65 mmol/l in case 2. The concentration of parathyroid hormone in serum was increased in case 1. Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in both patients, with removal of 2550 mg (case 1) and 150-160 mg (case 2) parathyroid tissue. In case 2 slight hypercalcaemia reappeared two months later. When stones in a transplanted kidney are associated with only slight hypercalcaemia and there is no deterioration of the renal function, conservative measures to reduce the serum calcium should be tried before subtotal parathyroidectomy is undertaken. PMID- 6990479 TI - The amyloidosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis--comparative studies in Polish and American children. IV. Is endotoxin a precipitory factor? PMID- 6990480 TI - The influence of antirheumatic drugs on the occurrence of peptic ulcers. A controlled study of patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. AB - 46 patients who had an ulcer (verified by X-ray pictures) during treatment at the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital were compared with two patient groups of the same size. The first control group consisted of randomly selected patients who had been examined in the same way for the same indications but where the X-ray pictures did not show any ulcer. The subjects in the second control group were of the same age and sex as the ulcer patients; this control group did not undergo any X-ray examination and had no history of ulcer. The study revealed that although most rheumatic patients were women (as in the first control group) there were significantly more men among the ulcer patients. The use of rapidly dissolving acetylsalicylic acid tablets was more common in the ulcer group; correspondingly the slowly absorbed tablets were used significantly more often by the controls. The risk of ulcer was also increased by the simultaneous use of several anti-inflammatory analgesics and/or corticosteroids. PMID- 6990482 TI - [Virologic diagnosis of rubella. Findings in a rubella epidemic in a military training camp]. AB - During a minor rubella epidemic in a Swiss army recruit training camp (Spring 1978), recent rubella infection was proved in 20 out of 22 investigated cases. In 18 cases virus replication could be shown by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Due to its higher sensitivity and easier performance in comparison with conventional echo interference, we believe IIF should be the method of choice for rubella virus isolation. In 2 out of 22 cases, the possibility of a secondary infection was discussed. A chceklist is given showing the necessary steps for virological investigations we think should be carried out to define immunity status, confirm or rule out a rubella infection, particular weight being attached to the embryopathy question. This article is therefore intended to provide the clinician interested in virological problems with a total to enable him to take the necessary measures for detection of rubella infection and interpretation of laboratory findings. PMID- 6990481 TI - Aorto-enteric fistula. A case treated with insertion of a new dacron prosthesis and bilateral autotransplantation of the kidneys. AB - A 54-year-old woman was treated for an aortic aneurysm with a Dacron-Y prosthesis. Four years later she developed GI bleeding lasting for five months before the diagnosis of an aorto-enteric fistula was made. The fistula was caused by a total disrupture of the proximal graft anastomosis with formation of a huge pseudoaneurysm involving both renal arteries. Treatment included fistula closure, insertion of a new Dacron graft and bilateral renal autotransplantation with complete recovery. PMID- 6990483 TI - [Mortality trends in Switzerland. 2. Infectious diseases 1876-1977]. AB - An analysis has been made of the evolution in Switzerland of mortality due to the main infectious diseases ever since causes of death began to be registered. Mortality due to tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, measles, typhoid, puerperal fever and infant gastro-enteritis started to fall long before the introduction of immunization and/or antibiotics. This decline was probably due to a great extent to various factors linked to the steady rise in the standard of living: qualitative and quantitative improvements in nutrition; better public and personal hygiene; better housing and working conditions and improvements in education. Immunization has probably been decisive in the eradication of smallpox and poliomyelitis and for the reduction in mortality from tetanus. The introduction of sulfonamides and antibiotics was associated with the beginning of the decline in mortality from non-meningococcal meningitis, otitis and appendicitis and with a more pronounced decline in mortality from pneumonia and acute rheumatic fever. Finally, mortality from syphilis started to decline a few years after the introduction of Salvarsan. PMID- 6990484 TI - [Massive lung necrosis in klebsiella pneumonia (so-called massive lung gangrene)]. AB - In the literature only 13 cases of voluminous necrosis of lung tissue, generally referred to as massive pulmonary gangrene, could be found. This disease constitutes an unusual, very severe complication of lobar pneumonia, mostly due to Klebsiella. This type of pneumonia generally affects old or otherwise debilitated persons, quite often chronic alcoholics. It has a high lethality of 20%. Our own observation in a 48-year-old man is presented. He suffered from recurrent massive hemoptysis in relation with a huge cavity of the right lung, filled with necrotic lung tissue. Following right pneumonectomy empyema developed, also due to Klebsiella; it was successfully treated with thoracic fenestration according to Clagett. Knowledge of this severe infrequent complication of pneumonia is necessary since it requires early operative treatment: Out of the 14 patients four were treated medically only and died, while the remaining ten underwent surgery and were all cured. PMID- 6990485 TI - [Rehabilitation program with IPPB-home treatment in severe chronic obstructive lung disease: hospitalizations and cost analysis]. AB - 31 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (FEV1 less than 45% VC) were included in a rehabilitation program with IPPB home care. The frequency and duration of hospitalizations in the three years before and the three years following institution of the program were compared. During the rehabilitation period the incidence of hospitalizations fell from 87 to 46 (p less than 0.001), and the number of days spent in hospital decreased from 2896 to 1099 (p less than 0.001). The high cost of the rehabilitation program requires careful selection and competent instruction of candidates. If these basic requirements are observed, a surprising reduction in the total cost of treatment can be achieved by shortening the expensive hospital stay. PMID- 6990486 TI - [The course of treated chronic obstructive lung disease]. AB - Retrospective analysis of the influence of therapy on the course of chronic obstructive lung disease in 71 patients over 3 years showed that cessation of smoking, long-term therapy with corticosteroids and IPPB-therapy did not significantly alter the functional deterioration. The average annual FEV decline of 68 ml ((initial FEV 1.28 +/- 0.661) is comparable with the results of other authors. The importance of controlled, prospective therapeutic trials is stressed. PMID- 6990487 TI - Bern Dibner: science bibliophile. PMID- 6990488 TI - Synthesis of human plasminogen by the liver. AB - Genetic types of plasminogen were determined from a donor and a recipient before and after hepatic homotransplantation. Examination of the plasminogen types demonstrated that the liver is the principal site of synthesis of human plasminogen. PMID- 6990489 TI - Progesterone administration in vivo stimulates release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in vitro. AB - The release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from tissue from the mediobasal hypothalamic-anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area of prepuberal female rats was measured in a perfusion system. Measurements were also made of the concentrations of LHRH in these tissue fragments and of luteinizing hormone in serum obtained when the rats were killed. Four groups of immature rats were studied: intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized and implanted with estradiol containing capsules, and ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol and injected with progesterone. The release of LHRH from the tissue of ovariectomized animals was significantly less than that of intact females and was not modified when the ovariectomized rats received estradiol. However, there was a four- to fivefold increase in LHRH release from tissue of ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol when they were killed 6 hours after they received an injection of progesterone. The concentrations of LHRH in tissue and of luteinizing hormone in serum varied among groups and with the time of day that the animals were killed. The interactions among luteinizing hormone, gonadal steroids, and the photoperiod seem to set the appropriate conditions for neural processes triggering a complete and normal release of luteinizing hormone. PMID- 6990490 TI - Choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons in rodent brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. AB - Choline acetyltransferase was demonstrated in neuronal structures of the rodent central nervous system by immunohistochemistry through the application of Fab fragments obtained from monospecific antiserums to human choline acetyltransferase. The specificity of the antiserum for the enzyme was confirmed by the staining of both the ventral horn motor neurons in the rat spinal cord and the neuromuscular junction of the guinea pig diaphragm. Enzyme-containing cell bodies were observed in frontal sections of rat and guinea pig brain in the neostriatum, accumbens, nucleus of the diagonal band, medial septum, and olfactory tubercle. Positively staining fibers and probable nerve terminals were also found in the olfactory tubercle field and other areas of the basal forebrain. The results provide information on the distribution of the cholinergic systems in the rostral forebrain of the rodent. PMID- 6990491 TI - FDA says no to anturane. PMID- 6990492 TI - The origins of U.S. safety standards for microwave radiation. AB - An analysis is made of the scientific research and values influencing the policy decisions that led to the adoption of the 1966 U.S. standard for exposure to microwave radiation. This analysis is used as a tool for understanding the problems faced by those who set standards. An effort is made to unravel the complex motivations that lay behind the adoption of the microwave standard. Based on the past record, it is suggested that standard setting remain distinct from basic scientific research and that adversary procedures be used only as a last resort in seeking consensus over a proposed standard. PMID- 6990493 TI - Confidentiality: rights and responsibilities. PMID- 6990494 TI - Thallium redistribution: mechanisms and clinical utility. PMID- 6990497 TI - Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies in alcoholism. PMID- 6990495 TI - Vacuolated nucleated bone marrow cells in alcoholism. PMID- 6990496 TI - Hemolytic syndromes and red cell membrane abnormalities in liver disease. PMID- 6990498 TI - Effect of alcoholism on hemostasis. AB - Ample data exist indicating that alcoholism profoundly affects the hemostatic mechanism. In alcoholic patients without cirrhosis, the primary effect is on the blood platelet. Both quantitative and qualitative abnormalities appear during ethanol ingestion. Alcohol-related thrombocytopenia appears to be due to a combination of events: an increased rate of platelet destruction leading to decreased platelet survival and ineffective thrombopoiesis resulting in decreased effective platelet production. The qualitative abnormalities are also multiple and include decreased platelet aggregation, release, and procoagulant activity and decreased storage pool nucleotides, cyclic AMP, and MAO activity. The functional and metabolic abnormalities are associated with striking disturbances in ultrastructural morphology. These defects cause prolongation of the bleeding time and place affected patients at risk for hemorrhagic complications. The relationship between the quantitative abnormalities and the occurrence of thrombocytopenia is obscure, although their severity appears to increase in parallel. The various defects are readily corrected after cessation of drinking. Hence, their long-term significance, absent development of cirrhosis, is questionable. In alcoholic patients with cirrhosis, both platelet abnormalities and coagulation defects may be present. Which predominates in severity varies with each individual. Due to the chronicity of the underlying clinical state, the duration of the defects is more likely to be prolonged if not permanent. In addition, owing to the mechanism of their development, treatment or correction of the defects is difficult and of transitory benefit. PMID- 6990499 TI - Metabolism and metabolic effects of alcohol. PMID- 6990501 TI - Role of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in the control of prenatal patency and postnatal closure of the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 6990500 TI - Role of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the control of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn. PMID- 6990503 TI - The inhibition of prostaglandin and prostacyclin synthesis in the clinical management of patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 6990502 TI - Ontogeny of the ductus arteriosus response to prostaglandins and inhibitors of their synthesis. PMID- 6990504 TI - Use of prostaglandins in cardiopulmonary diseases of the newborn. PMID- 6990505 TI - Effects of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and inhibitors of their synthesis on renal and gastrointestinal function in the newborn period. AB - We have reviewed current thoughts concerning the interplay between prostaglandins and renal and gastrointestinal function with a focus on the possible alteration in the latter functions that would be expected when prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited in premature infants receiving indomethacin for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. It would appear that administration of even small doses of indomethacin may be associated with transient oliguria. Although speculation exists about whether indomethacin may promote the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in these infants, there is no convincing evidence of a cause-effect relationship. PMID- 6990507 TI - Role of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in the control of the umbilical-placental circulation. PMID- 6990509 TI - Pulmonary nocardiosis presenting as a bronchogenic tumor. PMID- 6990506 TI - Role of prostaglandins in blood vessels. PMID- 6990508 TI - Renal scleroderma: comparison of different modalities of treatment. AB - A patient with scleroderma and severe renal failure was initially treated with hemodialysis and minoxidil (Loniten) without any improvement in her skin involvement. At a later date bilateral nephrectomy and a successful cadaveric renal transplant were performed. Her cutaneous manifestations have improved remarkably during the four years since transplantation. Because these patients do not tolerate hemodialysis very well, renal transplantation appears to be the most effective form of treatment, with the possible added benefit of cutaneous improvement. PMID- 6990510 TI - [Leninist concern for children]. PMID- 6990511 TI - [Triumph of the great ideas of Leninism]. PMID- 6990512 TI - [1st medical college in the Soviet Far East]. PMID- 6990513 TI - [Claudius Galenus, classic of ancient medicine (on the 1850th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6990514 TI - [V. I. Lenin on population problems]. PMID- 6990515 TI - [Abu Ali ibn-Sina (Avicenna) - an outstanding physician and philosopher of the Middle Ages (on the millenium of his birth)]. PMID- 6990516 TI - [Change of the T-lymphocyte count in various types of immunosuppressive treatment after kidney allotransplantation]. PMID- 6990517 TI - [Use of lasers for the treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 6990518 TI - [Diabetic nephroangiopathy and its treatment]. PMID- 6990519 TI - [Perioral dermatitis]. PMID- 6990520 TI - [Information-computer center and the ways of improving the quality of diagnosis of emergency conditions]. PMID- 6990521 TI - Jan Hendrik Louw. PMID- 6990522 TI - Hepatic injuries. A 1980 overview. AB - The present-day management of hepatic injuries is reviewed in the light of experience with over 1 400 cases at Wayne State University. Mortality is now between 10% and 14%, although this is reduced to 5% if only the liver is injured. The disparity between degree of severity of trauma and severity of injury is noted, as is the trend toward a more conservative surgical approach recently. Over 90% of cases can now be managed with comparative ease and with less frequent use of drains and cannulas. PMID- 6990524 TI - Social security and Medicare increases for 1980. PMID- 6990523 TI - The J. S. Marais Surgical Laboratory - 21 years old. AB - The J. S. Marais Surgical Laboratory celebrated its 21st birthday in 1979, but research in the Department had been in progress for more than 40 years. For much of this time, the principal supporter of research in the Department of Surgery was Professor Louw and this short review is offered as part of his Festschrift. PMID- 6990526 TI - Doctors and the Declaration of Independence. PMID- 6990525 TI - Coated Vicryl synthetic absorbable sutures. AB - An absorbable lublicating coating applied to Vicryl sutures has improved the ease with which the sutures pass through tissue and has made handling and tying better. The coated sutures were found to be safe, strong and secure. No disadvantages were seen as a result of coating the synthetic absorbable Vicryl sutures in the 49 patients studied. Over-all, the coated Vicryl sutures eliminated some of the disadvantages of the braided synthetic absorbable suture without producing new problems. PMID- 6990527 TI - Theories regarding the cause of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6990528 TI - Review of incompletely occluded surgically treated cerebral aneurysms. AB - Among the 837 cases of direct surgical treatment of single saccular aneurysms in our clinic from 1961 until September, 1975, postoperative angiograms were obtained in 578 cases and an investigation showed 41 had residual aneurysms. Of these, 19 were further treated by muscle wrapping or wrapping subsequent to treatment ofhe neck. Postoperative angiograms revealed residual aneurysms in 22 cases (3.8%) in which insufficient surgical treatment was performed. PMID- 6990529 TI - [Tropical malaria in nonimmune persons (pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment)]. PMID- 6990530 TI - [Proteus vulgaris culture test for the diagnosis of the heterozygote carrier state for the mucoviscidosis gene]. PMID- 6990531 TI - [Topography of proteolytic activity in the gastroduodenal area in gastric and duodenal diseases]. PMID- 6990532 TI - [In memoriam L. I. Fogel'son]. PMID- 6990534 TI - [Potentials and limitations of a morphological diagnostic method for chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6990533 TI - [Enzymatic activity of the gastric and intestinal juices in atrophic gastritis]. PMID- 6990535 TI - [State of the central and renal hemodynamics, of electrolyte metabolism and of the renin-aldosterone system in chronic diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 6990536 TI - [The barrier function of the human intestine: mechanisms of antigen penetration and of antimicrobial protection]. PMID- 6990537 TI - [Microbial infections of the small and large intestine]. PMID- 6990538 TI - [Poisonings and infections from foods of animal origin]. PMID- 6990540 TI - [Causes and consequences of small intestine bacterial contamination]. PMID- 6990539 TI - [Possibilities and limits of the proof by culture of intestinal bacterial infections]. PMID- 6990541 TI - [Bacteria and inflammatory bowel diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990542 TI - [Antibiotics]. PMID- 6990543 TI - Hypoxaemia during sleep. PMID- 6990545 TI - Properties of antithrombin III depleted plasma. I. Effect of heparin. PMID- 6990546 TI - On the inhibitory effect of albumin on platelet aggregation. PMID- 6990544 TI - The influence of drugs on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). IV. Effects on the thrombin-like enzyme batroxobin on thrombin-induced DIC in rats. PMID- 6990548 TI - Effect of metabolic control with insulin on plasma von Willebrand factor activity (VIIIR:WF) in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6990551 TI - Social Security (OASDI): financial basis and long-range cost projections. PMID- 6990547 TI - Release of prostacyclin into the bloodstream and its exhaustion in humans after local blood flow changes (ischemia and venous stasis). PMID- 6990549 TI - Inhibition of the amidolytic activity of urokinase by human plasma. PMID- 6990550 TI - [Colibacillosis in poultry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990552 TI - Chemical carcinogen in vitro testing: a method for sizing cell nuclei in the nuclear enlargement assay. AB - The observation that cells often respond to carcinogens by nuclear enlargement has suggested that this property might be useful to develop a short-term screening test for such compounds. Previous methods for detecting nuclear size increases have used an image analyzer system to detect nuclear changes in individual cells. This paper details a more rapid method for obtaining nuclei by use of a stromalyzing procedure following by analysis of nuclear volumes, using a Coulter Counter Channelyzer. This new and simplified nuclear sizing method should facilitate the use of the assay as a possible carcinogenesis screen by permitting rapid and efficient testing of large numbers of compounds. PMID- 6990553 TI - Protective effect of arginine, leucine and preinjection of insulin on glutamate neurotoxicity in mice. AB - The simultaneous intubation of 10-day-old mice with either 2.28 g/kg body weight arginine hydrochloride or 0.2 g/kg b.wt. leucine significantly reduced the number of necrotic neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN) of the hypothalamus resulting from 2 g/kg b. wt. monosodium L-gultamate (MSG). The prior injection of 0.02 units per capita of insulin suppressed the MSG-induced lesions to an even great extent. These findings are believed to form a basis for the ineffectiveness of dietary MSG in producing hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 6990554 TI - [Secondary combined bone autoalloplasty in large defects of the mandible]. PMID- 6990555 TI - [Immediate and late results of prosthesis of edentulous jaws with progenic and prognathic correlations]. PMID- 6990556 TI - [Mechanical strength of the fragment fixation in various experimental methods of mandibular osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6990557 TI - A sensitive enzymeimmunoassay with a fluorimetric end-point for the determination of testosterone in female plasma and saliva. AB - A fluorimetric enzymeimmunoassay has been developed having the sensitivity (500 fg/assay tube) required for determining testosterone concentrations in female plasma and saliva samples. The assay featured a solid-phase antiserum raised against an 11 alpha-hydroxytestosterone-11-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin conjugate, an 11 alpha-hydroxytestosterone-11-hemisuccinate horseradish peroxidase conjugate as the "enzyme label", and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as the substrate for the development of fluorescence. Specificity was ensured by "extracting" testosterone from samples with a solid-phase anti testosterone-3-/0 carboxymethyl/-oxime serum. The assay was shown to satisfy accepted validation criteria providing results in good agreement with routine radioimmunoassay procedures in both plasma (r greater than 0.98, n=28) and saliva (r greater than 0.99, n=28). In saliva samples collected at 2 hourly intervals by normal healthy women (n=5) testosterone concentrations showed a well defined circadian rhythm: the mean testosterone concentration in early morning samples (174 pmol/litre) fell by 83% in late evening collections. In healthy female volunteers (n=7), mean daily throughout one complete cycle ranged from 50 to 218 pmol/litre. Following dexamethasone administration testosterone concentrations in plasma fell by approximately 50%, and salivary concentrations were undetectable after one hour. This enzymeimmunoassay may be useful in studies of female infertility. PMID- 6990558 TI - A sensitive solid phase enzymeimmunoassay for norethisterone (norethindrone) in saliva and plasma. AB - A sensitive, solid phase enzymeimmunoassay suitable for determining norethisterone in small aliquots of plasma (10 microliters) and saliva (100 microliters) has been developed. A solid phase antiserum raised against a norethisterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinyl/bovine serum albumin conjugate was prepared by coupling to cyanogen bromide activated cellulose. A norethisterone/horseradish peroxidase conjugate was used as enzyme label, o-phenylenediamine/hydrogen peroxide being the substrate for colour development. The assay had a lower limit of sensitivity of 3 pg/assay tube and satisfied accepted validation criteria. Norethisterone concentrations determined by enzymeimmunoassay and by a well established radioimmunoassay were in excellent agreement in both plasma (r = 0.993, n = 20) and saliva (r = 0.989, n = 15). Plasma and salivary norethisterone concentrations determined in healthy volunteers reached peak values at about 1 hour after administering a norethisterone-containing oral contraceptive preparation. The maximum values achieved in saliva (775--1430 pmol/l) were only approximately 3% of those observed in plama. Since salivary norethisterone concentrations reflected those in plasma, they may be useful in fertility control programmes and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6990560 TI - Studies on the immunosuppressive properties of cyclosporin a in rats receiving renal allografts. AB - The immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A were tested in a DA (RT-1a) to Lewis (RT-1(1) rat renal allograft model, which represents a very strong histocompatibility barrier. Dose-response studies established that oral doses of 5 mg/kg/day or higher gave complete suppression of rejection, while oral doses of 2 mg/kg/day or lower were without effect. Intravenous administration of the drug approximately doubled its potency. Time studies showed that the period of administration was also critical, with a 7- or 14-day treatment course with 5 mg/kg/day orally giving prolonged graft survival, while a 4-day course was without effect. Large doses (up to 25 mg/kg/day orally) from day 4 after transplantation did not prolong graft survival, suggesting that cyclosporin A has no effect on an established rejection response. It was found that the lymphocytotoxin response to the graft was markedly suppressed by doses of cyclosporin A which maintained normal graft function, while lower doses had little or no effect on the lymphocytotoxin response. A cell-mediated immunity assay showed a substantial response, but one that was lower in amplitude from that of control animals. Histological study of 7th day allograft biopsies demonstrated essentially normal kidneys, except for a mild mononuclear cell infiltrate, at higher doses of cyclosporin. Lower doses of cyclosporin gave a picture of rejection no different from that seen in untreated controls. The LD50 of cyclosporin was found to lie between 50 and 100 mg/kg/day orally. Even the higher of these doses did not cause nephrotoxicity as determined biochemically and histologically. PMID- 6990559 TI - Differentiation between irreversible and reversible rejection in renal transplant patients by monitoring of phytohemagglutinin-induced cytotoxicity. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cytotoxicity against adherent HeLa cells, a reproducible test for primary T cell cytotoxicity, was used in the followup of 34 renal transplant recipients and related to the outcome. During the 1st week, two uncomplicated cases showed a decrease in cytotoxicity of more than 20% and it remained low. One patient with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection showed a marked increase in cytotoxicity (37%) and it remained high. In 31 patients with a rejection episode, a change of -20 to +20% was observed. During the 2nd week, all 10 patients who developed an irreversible rejection showed an increase of more than 20% (mean, 29 +/- 8%), in contrast to only 2 of 21 patients with a reversible rejection (mean, -1 +/- 15%, P less than 0.001). There were no differences between these two groups in lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts, or in prednisone or azathioprine dose or blood urea nitrogen levels. These results indicate that regular assessment of PHA-induced cytotoxicity may be useful in the followup of renal transplant patients. PMID- 6990561 TI - Enucleated cytotoxic T lymphocytes bind specifically to target cells in vitro. AB - We report the isolation of enucleated particles (cytoplasts) from mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which, like intact CTLs, can specifically bind to target cells (TCs) in vitro. CTL-enriched populations were enucleated by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient at 31 C in the presence of cytochalasin B. The resulting cytoplasts which consist of 99% of enucleated particles retained about 40% of the nucleated cells' protein but less than 1% of their DNA. The presence of cell surface membrane antigens Thy 1.2 and H-2 on the cytoplasts indicated that their surface membranes originated from the plasma membranes of the intact cells. Electron microscopy of cytoplasts revealed two types of particles, one (type a) contained cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, microfilaments, and microvilli, while the second (type b) contained little cytoplasm and no microfilaments or microvilli. The evidence presented suggests that only type a cytoplasts can bind specifically to TCs. The specific binding to TCs by type a and not type b cytoplasts shows that while the CTL nucleus or nucleus-associated structures affected by enucleation are not essential for specific CTL receptor activity, cytoskeletal structures and activities related to these structures must be preserved. PMID- 6990562 TI - A new finding relating to transfusion and renal transplants. AB - Results in 29 recipients of second renal transplants from cadaver donors show a significantly better graft survival at 1 year of 90% in 10 recipients who had not received blood transfusion before their first transplant compared to 41% in 19 recipients who had been transfused prior to their first transplant (P = 0.025). PMID- 6990563 TI - Assessment of T cell function with a skin allograft assay. AB - The adoptive transfer of cytotoxic effector cells to induce accelerated skin allograft rejection in the normal murine host was used as an assay of lymphocyte function in vivo. Splenocytes sensitized in vivo caused specific accelerated skin allograft rejection when administered i.v. at a dose of 5 X 10(7) cells 1 day after grafting. Graft rejection was specific for the immunizing alloantigen and could not be transferred with freeze-thawed or irradiated cytotoxic cells. In this assay the i.v. and local routes of administering cytotoxic cells were effective whereas the i.p. and s.c. routes were not. T cells were necessary in that pretreatment of the cells with anti-Thy-1.2 plus rabbit complement abrogated this phenomenon. Immune cells from spleens of mice sensitized but no longer actively cytotoxic did not demonstrate in vivo activity. If hyperimmunized mice were challenged by i/p. allogeneic tumor, their spleen cells were highly cytotoxic by in vitro assay but acted as suppressor cells in vivo by prolonging skin graft survival. Adoptively transferred in vivo sensitized cells subsequently expanded in number by T cell growth factor did not demonstrate in vivo activity. This skin allograft assay may be used to demonstrate T cell activity in vivo by inducing accelerated allograft rejection, and immune suppression by prolonging graft survival. Also a comparison of in vivo and in vitro effects was possible. PMID- 6990564 TI - Prolonged bone marrow and skin allograft survival after pretransplant conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Current studies were designed to provide long-term survival of allogeneic skin and bone marrow in mice preconditioned with various combinations of cyclophosphamide (CY) and/or total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Long-term skin graft and bone marrow survival was obtained across the major histocompatibility barrier (BALB/c into C57BL/6) using pregrafting conditioning with either fractionated TLI or the combination of CY with a single dose of TLI. CY alone and a single dose of TLI alone were relatively ineffective as pregrafting immunosuppressive combinations. Allogeneic bone marrow was required for long-term skin graft survival with either conditioning regimen. Allogeneic marrow transplantation resulted in somewhat more deaths than syngeneic transplantation with both CY + TLI and fractionated TLI. PMID- 6990565 TI - Massive post-transplant proteinuria with minimal histological changes. AB - Three patients developed massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema after transplantation. These findings occurred in the immediate post-transplant period in two patients, and renal failure developed. The third patient developed proteinuria 4 months post-transplantation. There was complete remission of proteinuria in two patients and recovery of renal function in one. Renal histology was similar in all. Light microscopy demonstrated that the glomeruli contained a mild increase in mesangial matrix, but were otherwise normal. No significant interstitial cellular infiltration or fibrosis was present. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed no staining for immunoglobulins or complement. Electron microscopy demonstrated fusion of foot processes, but the glomerular basement membrane was normal. No electron-dense deposits were found. The usual causes of post-transplant nephrotic syndrome were ruled out. We believe these three patients represent a unique disorder of the transplanted kidney. PMID- 6990566 TI - The Lewis system and kidney transplantation. AB - A significant effect of Lewis antigens on cadaver kidney graft survival was found in 1,300 North American transplants. Lewis-negative recipients had a graft survival rate that was 8% lower than that of Lewis-positive recipients (P = 0.05). This effect of Lewis antigens was enhanced in patients at a high failure risk as determined by age, race, or transplant center. In patients older than 30 years, the effect of Lewis was 14% (P = 0.07), in non-Caucasians 12% (P = 0.07), in all grafts performed at centers with less than 50% overall 1-year graft survival 12% (P = 0.03), and in non-Caucasians that received transplants in centers with less than 50% overall graft survival it was 18% (p = 0.01). These data confirm previous results on the role of Lewis as a histocompatibility system in renal transplantation; furthermore, they demonstrate that the influence of Lewis is larger in patients at high risk. PMID- 6990567 TI - Tolerance to allogeneic and to xenogeneic heart grafts provided by thymectomy of adult mice combined with donor cell and cyclophosphamide inoculation. AB - A new method of induction of tolerance to allogeneic and to xenogeneic cells is presented. It includes thymectomy of adult mice followed 1 month later by the injection of 1 X 10(8) spleen cells i.v. and i.p. administration of 200 mg of cyclophosphamide per kg 1 day after cells. This method induced prolonged survival of heterotopically transplanted neonatal C57BL/6 murine heart grafts (more than 8 months) and of August rat heart grafts (more than 2 months) in CBA mice. Tolerance to allo- or xenoantigens was formed at the cell level. Experimental animals did not produce allo- or xenohemagglutinins after graft implantation. Spleen cells of mice with surviving C57BL/6 heart grafts did not respond to C57BL/6 cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction. Lymphoid cell chimerism was not observed in animals tolerant to alloantigens. PMID- 6990568 TI - Specific transplantation tolerance induced by spontaneously tolerated liver allograft in inbred strains of rats. PMID- 6990570 TI - Orthotopic allotransplantation of liver in pigs with fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6990569 TI - Reactivation of ocular malignant melanoma after renal transplantation. PMID- 6990571 TI - Nonspecific delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity suppression produced by skin grafting. PMID- 6990572 TI - Fully allogeneic liver grafting in rats induces a state of systemic nonreactivity to donor transplantation antigens. PMID- 6990573 TI - Childbirth after liver transplantation. PMID- 6990574 TI - Evaluation of the hepatitis BS-antigen determination in serum, red blood cells and whole blood dried onto filter paper. AB - HBs-antigen was determined in serum, red cells and whole blood dried onto filter paper. In samples from HBs-antigen carriers readings of the Ausria II-test were higher in whole blood than in serum or red cells. The relevance of this finding was tested and the value of the method was demonstrated in a study on HBs-antigen prevalence in West Africans. PMID- 6990575 TI - [Comparative study of anticoagulation methods available for extracorporeal circulation in the dog]. PMID- 6990576 TI - [Importance of immunofluorescence in localizing the site of urinary infections]. PMID- 6990577 TI - [Pulmonary mycetomas of the aspergilloma type]. PMID- 6990579 TI - Activation of the renal pressure system following severe hypotension and its pathophysiologic significance. AB - The renin activity of the juxtaglomerular apparatus following a period of 210 min of hemorrhagic hypotension was correlated with the blood volume retransfused in order to maintain a hypotensive blood pressure of 30 mm Hg. In an additional experiment the renin activity of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was measured in acute renal failure due to renal artery occlusion over 60 min. The increased renin activity after hemorrhagic hypotension indicates that the renin-angiotensin system contributes to pressure stabilization. The similar rise of the juxtaglomerular renin activity in hypotension as well as in renal artery occlusion suggests the active role of the renin-angiotensin system in acute renal failure following severe hemorrhagic hypotension. PMID- 6990578 TI - [Effect of anti-donor lymphocyte globulin on renal xenograft survived (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports about experimental xenografting of kidneys in closely related species (fox-dog) modifying primary rejection by treatment of the recipients with anti-donor lymphocyte globulin (ADLG). In respect of the phylogenetic constellations, ADLG contains lymphocytotoxic and hemagglutinating antibodies reactive in vitro with lymphocytes and erythrocytes of foxes as well as of dogs. Furthermore, donor species-specific papain-separated lymphocyte antigen is capable of reducing cytotoxicity of ADLG by adsorption of its lymphocytotoxic antibodies. In vivo ADLG, used as single therapy, has an immunosuppressive effect on kidney graft survival, which results in significant prolongation of mean survival time (9.6 +/- 1.5 days, n = 5). PMID- 6990580 TI - Amplitude analysis of pancreatic B-scans: a clinical evaluation of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6990581 TI - [Modern concepts of the role of heredity in the origin of monosymptomatic hearing disorders in children]. PMID- 6990582 TI - [In memorian Prof. Ivan Ivanovich Potapov Honored Scientist of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6990583 TI - [Cystic hypoplasia of the lungs]. PMID- 6990584 TI - [Vladimir Nikolaevich Rozanov]. PMID- 6990585 TI - [Treatment of internal rectal fistulae]. AB - Under consideration is the classification of internal anal fistulas and indications to the corresponding methods of operation. The authors describe the techniques of their operations. The observations were performed of 81 patients with internal anal fistulas. The analysis of late results of the treatment of 58 fistulas shows that the used methods are effective and do not disturb the anal constrictor function. PMID- 6990587 TI - [Treatment of eventrations]. AB - Under study were 113 cases of eventrations. The paper presents general principles of conservative and surgical treatment. In operations for complete and true eventrations transplants of dura mater were used in order to additionally strengthen the frontal abdominal wall and to delimit the abdominal cavity from the operation wound. Clinical tests of this method in the treatment of 31 patients have revealed its advantages (there were no recurrences of eventration and no intestinal fistulas). PMID- 6990586 TI - [Experience with reconstructive and restorative interventions on burn patients after amputations of large segments of the extremities]. PMID- 6990588 TI - [Stomach polyps]. PMID- 6990589 TI - [Georgii Grigor'evich Karavanov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6990590 TI - [Aleksandr Mikhailovich Aminev (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6990591 TI - [Vladimir Petrovich Filatov]. PMID- 6990592 TI - [Surgical treatment of carbuncles]. AB - In the treatment of extensive and progressing forms of carbuncles in the phase of purulent-necrotic inflammation the method of choice should be the operation of dissection within the limits of healthy tissues. When it is possible to approximate the wound borders after dissection of carbuncles, it is expedient to finish the operation by putting in primary stitches, when it is not possible, free skin autoplasty should be performed. PMID- 6990593 TI - [Classification of the severity of injuries and posttraumatic states]. PMID- 6990594 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a review and case report. PMID- 6990596 TI - Field trials with nitroscanate against cestodes and nematodes in dogs. AB - Clinical trials were carried out to test the safety and efficacy of the anthelmintic, nitroscanate, against naturally acquired helminth infections. The trials involved 418 dogs, of which 252 were treated with one or other of two different tablet formulations of nitroscanate. A coarse particle formulation given in two doses each of 200 mg per kg reduced the worm burden of Taenia spp and Dipylidium caninum by 100 per cent and Echinococcus granulosus by 94.1 per cent in farm dogs. Given as a single dose of 100 mg per kg this formulation reduced faecal worm egg counts by 95.3 per cent for Toxocara canis, 93.3 per cent for Toxascaris leonina and 99.1 per cent for Uncinaria stenocephala. A micronised formulation given in a single dose of 50 mg per kg caused a 97.9 per cent reduction in worm burden for Taenia spp and D caninum and 98.3 per cent reduction for E granulosus in foxhounds. The same formulation at this dosage gave reductions in faecal worm egg counts of 96.4 per cent for T canis and 100 per cent for T leonina and U stenocephala. Side-effects recorded were fewer than with piperazine and bunamidine. PMID- 6990595 TI - A review of prostaglandin therapeutics in reproduction. PMID- 6990597 TI - Equine salmonellosis: a review. AB - Salmonellosis in Equidae occurs sporadically throughout the world; the incidence recorded ranges from less than 1 per cent to as much as 27 per cent. In 1976 there was a significant increase in disease and mortality caused by salmonellosis in horses in Britain and treatment was less successful than with other species. Data revealed a general progressive shift away from species specific salmonella serotypes towards the ubiquitous but less discerning strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The role of predisposing causes is assessed and treatment, prevention and zoonitic importance commented upon. PMID- 6990598 TI - [Experimental tuberculosis in cattle and sheep]. PMID- 6990599 TI - [Bactericidal action of antimicrobial preparations on pathogenic Escherichia isolated from hens]. PMID- 6990600 TI - [Veterinary education in Russia]. PMID- 6990601 TI - [Ivan Mikhailovich Sadovskii (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6990602 TI - [D. S. Ruzhentsev (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6990603 TI - [On the unattained 75th birthday of E. Rerabkova]. PMID- 6990604 TI - [Our physician-archeologists]. PMID- 6990605 TI - [Leninist precepts for medical workers]. PMID- 6990606 TI - [Mechanical suture of the vascular pedicle of the kidney in nephrectomy]. PMID- 6990607 TI - [Guarding the Motherland]. PMID- 6990608 TI - [Development of an acupuncture method]. PMID- 6990609 TI - [V. I. Lenin and the formation of a sanatorium and health resort service in the USSR]. PMID- 6990610 TI - [Z. P. Solov'ev on the results of his activities in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army]. PMID- 6990611 TI - [Stages in the development of specialized stomatological care in the N. N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital]. PMID- 6990612 TI - [Elena Vladimirovna Shukhova (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6990613 TI - [Lenin's concern for the wellbeing of the population]. PMID- 6990614 TI - [Effect of malnutrition on human behavior]. PMID- 6990616 TI - Granulocyte transfusion--an established or still an experimental therapeutic procedure? PMID- 6990617 TI - Granulocyte transfusions--an established or still an experimental therapuetic procedure? PMID- 6990615 TI - [Structure and properties of food allergens]. PMID- 6990618 TI - [N. I. Pirogov's interests in history and archaeology]. PMID- 6990620 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the morphological manifestations of the reaction to a foreign body, tissue allograft and aseptic inflammation]. PMID- 6990621 TI - [V.I. Lenin and public health in the Soviet Ukraine]. PMID- 6990619 TI - [Use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6990622 TI - [Rational antibiotic therapy of intestinal infections]. PMID- 6990624 TI - [Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6990623 TI - [Combined effect of antibiotics and surface-active agents on gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 6990625 TI - Symposium on adolescent gynecology and endocrinology. Part III: Venereal diseases in adolescents and contraception in teenagers. PMID- 6990626 TI - Diagonal earlobe creases, type A behavior and the death of Emperor Hadrian. AB - Classical writings suggest that the Roman emperor Hadrian died from congestive heart failure resulting from hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis. This diagnosis is supported by the identification of bilateral diagonal ear creases on sculptures of several busts of Hadrian as well as literary evidence of behavior pattern A. PMID- 6990628 TI - Vascular compression of the upper airway in children. PMID- 6990629 TI - [The growth of the pharmaceutical staff in Europe in the years 1961-1975]. PMID- 6990630 TI - [Haemodialysis in children (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty four children, aged 2 to 15 years, were treated by haemodialysis between 1967 and 1978. Eleven children suffered from acute renal failure. Twenty three children with end-stage chronic renal disease were treated over periods ranging from 1 week to 19 months. All children were dialysed in a renal unit for adult patients awaiting renal transplantation. Our results refer especially to the technical equipment for paediatric dialysis and to the problems of blood access. The medical problems of chronic uraemia and chronic intermittent haemodialysis in children are discussed. From our experience we conclude that a sufficient degree of rehabilitation can be reached only in a paediatric dialysis unit. PMID- 6990631 TI - [The lung department of the Nursing Home of the City of Vienna at Lainz in our changing times]. PMID- 6990632 TI - Progress in clinical virology--1960 to 1980: a recollection of twenty years. PMID- 6990633 TI - Types of immunological failure in the "slow-virus" encephalopathies and multiple sclerosis. AB - The pathogenesis of the slow virus encephalopathies and multiple sclerosis is reviewed within the framework of the immune response. The diseases are analyzed for the component of the immune response that appears to be crucial to the host's failure to control the disease. Thus, the absence of an immune response in the spongiform encephalopathies appears to reflect a failure of antigen recognition. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) may result principally from a failure of effector mechanisms. In PML the failure usually occurs within the setting of an immunosuppressive illness. Conversely, in SSPE and PRP the effector failure seems to result from the nature of the host-virus interaction itself. Finally, evidence is accumulating that a defect of immunoregulation plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6990627 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes. AB - Neoplasms can produce a variety of remote effects on the host; these are referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes. The syndromes may affect any of the systems of the body, may precede or follow the diagnosis of the underlying neoplasm, and may or may not parallel the course of the neoplasm in severity. The diagnosis of and therapy for these syndromes can be challenging to a physician, but successful therapy may bring about worthwhile relief for the patient. In addition, the syndromes and the substances that cause them are sometimes useful in diagnosing and in following the course of certain neoplasms. Perhaps of greater importance, study of these remote effects of neoplasia may shed light on the nature of the neoplastic process itself. PMID- 6990634 TI - Virus synthesis and replication: reovirus vs. vaccinia virus. AB - The strategies with which two viral genomes that consist of double-stranded nucleic acid express themselves in infected cells are compared. The reovirus genome comprises ten segments of double-stranded RNA, each of which is, in essence, a gene. Each is transcribed into plus-stranded RNA which has two functions: to serve as messenger RNA for the synthesis of the ten reovirus "primary" proteins, and to serve as template for the synthesis of minus-strands with which they remain associated, thereby giving rise to progeny double-stranded RNA. One of the most fascinating unsolved features of the reovirus multiplication cycle is the nature of the mechanism that ensures that each progeny virus particle contains a complete set of the ten individual genome RNA segments. The vaccinia virus genome is a linear molecule of double-stranded DNA which possesses sizable terminal redundancies (up to 7 percent, depending on the strain). The vaccinia virus multiplication cycle can be divided into a well-defined early and late period. During the early period, infecting virus particles are first uncoated to cores within which some 40-50 percent of the viral genome is transcribed. These cores are then uncoated further to naked viral DNA, a process that is mediated by protein(s) translated from the "core" messenger RNA. The overall transcription pattern in highly complex and is regulated both at the transcriptional as well as at the translational level. The most profound program changes occur at the time when DNA replication begins, when the transcription of "early" messenger RNAs, some of which are translated into "early" enzymes, gives way to that of "late" messenger RNAs, most of which are translated into structural virus components. PMID- 6990635 TI - Recent contributions of molecular biology to the clinical virology of myxoviruses. AB - Recent advances in the clinical virology of influenza are based on non pragmatically oriented research on the genetics and biochemistry of the influenza virus. Antigenically hybrid recombinant viruses can be tailored to provide monospecific reagents for serological studies. Basic research on viral structure and the mechanism of viral replication has directly influenced the establishment of a cell culture system suitable for the isolation of most influenza viruses. Identification of viral genotype by RNA gel electrophoresis and mapping of oligonucleotides of viral RNA has already facilitated epidemiologic investigations. The clinical virologist of the future must have an understanding of the potential limitations of these techniques for specific strain identification. PMID- 6990637 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): a practical tool for rapid diagnosis of viruses and other infectious agents. AB - Tissue culture techniques are inadequate to diagnose some viral infections. Thus, solid-phase immunoassays have been developed for the direct detection of viral antigens in clinical specimens. While radioimmunoassays (RIA) have attained widespread use, solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) offer a number of advantages over RIA systems. ELISAs can be established with approximately the same sensitivity as radioimmunoassays without utilizing unstable, gamma-emitting isotopes. However, before ELISA systems can obtain widespread usage, a number of aspects of the test must be optimized. These include the preparation and use of reagents, the nature of the solid phase, the choice of enzyme, and the enzyme-antibody conjugation method. With the solving of these problems, ELISA should attain widespread usage for rapid diagnosis of a large number of infectious agents. PMID- 6990638 TI - [Immobilization of Candida lipolytica cells in polyacrylamide gel for the purpose of citric acid production]. PMID- 6990636 TI - Viral immunodiagnosis. AB - This review discusses the commonly employed methods for viral immunodiagnosis, mentions unusual or novel procedures, and briefly refers to the use of monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6990639 TI - [A new selection method for obtaining mutants of Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes producing lambdamycin using the thermophilic phage-host system Tal/Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]. AB - In order to obtain high-producing mutants of the lambdamycin producer Streptomyces glaucoachromogenes IMET 31 118, a new selection technique using the thermophilic phage-host system Tal/Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, was developed. Lambdamycin is a yellow-green pigment antibiotic of the chromoglycoside type with antimicrobial, antiviral, cancerostatic, and ergotropic activity in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical properties of lambdamycin resemble those of chartreusin. By means of the selection technique developed the determination of the concentration-dependent influence of lambdamycin on bacterial growth inhibition and Tal-phage development in the agar diffusion sphere of mutagen treated colonies is possible without time and material-consuming pre-tests. A positive correlation exists between the biosynthetic capacity of mutants on solid media and in fermentation liquors. Using this new selection technique, the titres of lambdamycin in fermentation liquors of mutants could be increased by 10 to 20 fold in comparison to the wild type strain. PMID- 6990640 TI - [Antimitotic activity of methylbenzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (MBC). I. Light, electron microscopic and physiological studies of germinating conidia of Aspergillus nidulans]. AB - In the presence of methylbenzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) swelling of conidia of Aspergillus nidulans was not influenced. The total DNA content per nucleus doubled only once, indicating that the first cell cycle was arrested in the G2 period. Later RNA as well as protein synthesis were inhibited. Nuclear migration into the germ tube and tip growth were delayed. MBC-treatment induced nuclear enlargement and inhibited the first nuclear division in the germinating conidia. A characteristic nuclear invagination developed within which in most cases the enlarged "single NAO" and more less the formed "double NAO" are localized. On the basis of ultrathin sections a model is suggested in which the typical position of "double NAO" in nuclear invagination is demonstrated. The possible relationship between nuclear invagination and NAO-formation, as well as its eventual importance are discussed. PMID- 6990641 TI - Host components required for the replication of the resistance plasmid R124 and a copy mutant derivative. AB - The replication of R124, and a copy mutant derivative of it, was measured with respect to dependence on the host DnaA, DnaB, DnaC, DnaE, DnaG, and PolA gene products. Both plasmids replicated under conditions where the DnaA gene product was inactivated or where the polymerising activity of the PolA gene product was reduced. In contrast, neither plasmid replicated to any appreciable extent, if the DnaB, DnaC, DnaE or DnaG gene products were inactivated. R124 integratively suppressed the lesion of the dnaA mutant but the copy mutant derivative had only a very weak suppressing effect. Neither plasmid suppressed the lesions of any of the other dna mutants. PMID- 6990644 TI - [Calcium antagonists in the therapy of coronary disease]. PMID- 6990642 TI - Nalidixic acid inhibition of post-ultraviolet recovery by nalidixic acid sensitive and resistant strains of Candida albicans. AB - Nalidixic acid (Nal) can kill Candida albicans directly or suppress the organism's recovery from ultraviolet irradiation. Mutants selected for resistance to inactivation by Nal alone have generally enhanced DNA repair proficiencies evidenced by their coincident increased resistances to ultraviolet radiation, ethylmethane sulfonate, and nitrous acid. The effects of Nal, erythromycin, and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation on survivals of mutant and wild type strains following ultraviolet exposure indicate that different mechanisms underly the direct lethality of Nal and its ability to inhibit post-irradiation recovery. PMID- 6990643 TI - [Steroid transformation with immobilized microorganisms. I. Transformation of cholesterol to cholestenone in organic solvents]. AB - The transformation of cholesterol to cholest-4-ene-3-one has been investigated in the presence of toluene and carbontetrachloride using cells of Nocardia erythropolis (IMET 7185) immobilized by different methods. The adsorption on DEAE cellulose has been observed to be the most effective method. The stability of immobilized cells relating to cholesteroloxydase activity, transformation capacity, and the influence of water have been investigated. PMID- 6990645 TI - Cardiac transplantation at the Medical College of Virginia. AB - The world's second largest experience in orthotopic cardiac transplantation has been achieved at the Medical College of Virginia, where significant progress has been made in the refinement of surgical technique, use of immunosuppression, and treatment of post-transplant complications. The procedure may now be regarded with cautious optimism, according to the authors, who document the MCV experience and describe the criteria for heart transplant candidates. PMID- 6990646 TI - The heart saga. PMID- 6990647 TI - [Immunological reactivity study of gonorrhea patients]. PMID- 6990648 TI - [Presence of Treponema pallidum in the peripheral nerve fibers in infectious forms of syphilis]. PMID- 6990649 TI - [Erythema multiforme exudativum, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) and their interrelationship]. PMID- 6990650 TI - [Immunological studies in mycology abroad]. PMID- 6990651 TI - [Reiter's disease and psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 6990652 TI - [75th anniversary of the discovery of the causative agent of syphilis]. PMID- 6990653 TI - Linkage-maps and their relations to linkage cluster procedures. AB - Methods of numerical taxonomy should provide a good representation of the relations of the objects and the structure of the groups. Besides dendograms, shade diagrams and minimum spanning trees, linkage-maps are suggested as a good additive tool to accomplish this representation. In this paper linkage-maps and similar technics are described, their relations to some generally known linkage cluster procedures are shown and their advantages are discussed. Their application is demonstrated using a small microbiological data set. PMID- 6990654 TI - Utilization of waste products of dehydrated onion industry for production of fodder yeast by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - One strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected from different yeasts, isolated from black strap molasses. This microorganism was cultivated on seven fermentation media for the production of protein. Medium I exhibited the highest potentiality for formation of protein. Therefore strain 1 of S. cerevisiae and medium I were used for further studies in the formation of protein. Factors controlling production of protein were explored. The required incubation period for the fermentation process was 72 hrs, while the initial pH value of the medium was 6.0. Sucrose supported the microorganism for higher production of protein (40.96%), while the best concentration of sucrose was shown to be 10.0 g/l. The best inorganic and organic nitrogen sources for protein formation were (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)3PO4 and yeast extract, respectively. The best concentrations of (NH4)2HPO4 and yeast extract, supporting protein formation, were 5.0 g/l and 10.0 g/l, respectively. Addition of MgSO4, ZnSO4, ferrous ammonium sulphate, copper sulphate, biotin, Ca-pantothenate, thiamine, pyridoxine, and inositol to the synthetic medium did not markedly influence high level of protein formation. Glutamic acid was the best amino acid, supporting protein formation by S. cerevisiae. Onion juice was found to be a good medium, after deletion of inhibitory volatile sulphur organic compounds, for the production of protein by S. cerevisiae. Addition of (NH4)2HPO4 to the best concentration of onion juice assisted the onion medium in production of fodder yeast, containing high level of protein. Addition of MgSO4 to onion juice and (NH4)2HPO4 did not increase the total nitrogen of the biomass. Fodder yeast, produced by onion juice medium, contained more valuable ingredients than fodder yeast, produced by synthetic medium. PMID- 6990655 TI - [Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats]. PMID- 6990656 TI - [I. I. Mechnikov--researcher]. PMID- 6990657 TI - [On the 60th birthday of Professor K. G. Vasil'ev]. PMID- 6990658 TI - [Blockade of receptors of immunocompetent cells as a mechanism of immunosuppression]. PMID- 6990660 TI - [Methodology of systemic analysis of physiologic processes in microbial populations and its use in the construction of mathematical models]. PMID- 6990661 TI - [Certain features of the immune response in the presence of a tumor process]. AB - Animal experiments have shown that in the presence of tumor growth immunological stimuli can produce shifts in some reactivity characteristics of the affected organism, which are the reverse of the shifts occurring in a healthy organism under similar conditions. This is attributed to the fact that the immunological stimulus used in these experiments (complete Freund adjuvant) was excessively strong for the affected organism, thus causing the suppression of certain components of reactivity instead of their stimulation. This mechanism is supposed to induce the suppression of the ptocesses lying at the basis of enhanced tumor growth; nevertheless, this suppression is not considered to have a significant positive effect. PMID- 6990659 TI - [Lectins: properties, functions, and possible applications]. PMID- 6990662 TI - [Use of the staphylococcal coagglutination reaction to serogroup Escherichiae]. AB - A stable, highly specific antibody diagnostic agent suitable for use in the slide agglutination test was obtained by the adsorption of rabbit OK antisera to different species of the Escherichia genus by staphylococci Cowan I containing protein A in their cell walls. The high effect iveness of the staphylococcal reagent is due to adsorption from rabbit IgG antisera containing specific Escherichia antibodies. The diagnosis of Escherichia infections with the use of staphylococcal antibody diagnostic agent may prove to be considerably cheaper and simpler. PMID- 6990663 TI - Clinical antiarrhythmic efficacy of mexiletine: a review. AB - This paper consists of a review of some of the most important papers which have recently been devoted to mexiletine. The electrophysiological effects of the drug in normal subjects and in patients with abnormal impulse formation or conduction are described. The results of open studies related to the clinical effects of mexiletine administered intravenously or orally are briefly reported. The efficacy of the drug on ventricular rhythm disorders is then discussed on the basis of data provided by several controlled double-blind studies. The possible role of mexiletine as a protection against sudden death following myocardial infarction is envisaged. The side-effects which were described by the different investigators are listed. PMID- 6990664 TI - Evaluation of the antiarrhythmic efficacy of mexiletine in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias. AB - For the evaluation of arrhythmias and the assessment of antiarrhythmic therapy prolonged periods of recording, as provided by the Holter system, are needed. The 12 lead electrocardiogram and rhythm strips are unsuitable for these purposes. However an exercise test may provide useful additional information. In two trials mexiletine was compared with other antiarrhythmic drugs (atenolol, disopyramide, lorcainide) and placebo. In both trials mexiletine was shown to have a good antiarrhythmic efficacy on chronic ventricular premature beats. The high incidence of side-effects was probably due to the high dosage used. PMID- 6990665 TI - Mexiletine in clinical practice. AB - Mexilitine is an antiarrhythmic drug with pharmacological properties similar to lignocaine. It is effective against ventricular arrhythmias, both parenterally and orally, and has been used in acute myocardial infarction, in the convalescence following myocardial infarction and in ventricular arrhythmias of different aetiology. The incidence of serious side-effects is sufficiently low to warrant its use. PMID- 6990667 TI - [On the death of Jaroslav Vavrda]. PMID- 6990666 TI - Baseline pharmacology, electrophysiology and pharmacokinetics of mexiletine. AB - Mexiletine is effective in abolishing experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmias and belongs to the Vaughan-Williams Class I group of antiarrhythmic agents. It depresses the maximum rate of depolarisation with little or no modification of resting potentials or the duration of action potentials. When given intravenously mexiletine redistributes rapidly from plasma to tissues after a single intravenous injection. Therapeutic plasma concentrations lie in the region of 1-2 mcg/ml and in order to achieve these concentrations rapidly an initial loading dose is desirable. After oral administration it is rapidly and well adsorbed. An initial oral loading dose is advisable to achieve constant adequate plasma concentrations. The prior administration of opiates may delay oral absorption but this is compensated for by a larger initial loading dose. The half-life may vary under certain circumstances and lies in the region of 10-16 hours. Some 10-15% is excreted unchanged in the urine within 72 hours of oral administration. Mexiletine is largely metabolised in the liver and although there is some renal excretion with pH dependent tubular reabsorption, in clinical practice this has not presented any major problems. PMID- 6990669 TI - Effects of a plastic wound drape on contamination with enterobacteria and on infection after appendicectomy. AB - The preventive effects of a plastic wound drape (Vi-drape) on wound contamination and subsequent infection was investigated in 289 appendicectomies randomized into treatment and control groups. Samples for quantitative culture of enterobacteria using a simple technique were obtained from the drape, the wound under the drape and from the wounds of patients being operated without the drape. The drape reduced the number of wound bacteria by an average of 94% or 1.2 logarithms. The overall rate of postoperative wound infection was 7.6% in the treatment group and 9.1% in the control group (N.S). Evidence is presented that the drape might prevent infection in patients with contaminated operations. PMID- 6990670 TI - Prophylactic metronidazole in electrive colo-rectal surgery. AB - 38 patients participated in a double blind study comparing the effect of a single dose of 2.0 g metronidazole given 15 hours prior to surgery with a placebo in reducing postoperative infections after elective colonic surgery. In 17 patients given metronidazole, only 2 had infections caused by aerobes, no anaerobe was recovered. Among 8 infected patients among a total of 21 in the placebo group, there were 5 anaerobic isolates (Bacteroides 3, peptococci 1, clostridia 1) and 8 aerobic bacteria. There was a significant difference between both total number of infections in the groups receiving metronidazole and placebo (p = 0.015). In addition, the clinical course of the 2 infections in the metronidazole group was moderate compared to that in the placebo group. Suppression of anaerobes appears to have enabled the body to better eliminate aerobes as well, since fewer aerobes were found in the metronidazole group. It is concluded that metronidazole given as short term prophylaxis produces suffiecent antibacterial levels in tissues and body fluids during and shortly after operation to significantly reduce the frequency of postoperative infections. PMID- 6990671 TI - On the development of pituitary responsiveness to LRH and the characteristics of pre-ovulatory LH-surges in the rat. Effect of oestradiol benzoate. AB - Administration of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) on the second day of dioestrus of 5 day cyclic rats may advance ovulation by 24 h. The threshold dose of OeB necessary to achieve this effect varies with the time of administration. At 09.00 h, the 50% effective dose (ED-50) of OeB for advancing ovulation was 3.1 microgram; at 17.00 h it was 31 microgram. In the present study OeB was injected at either 09.00 or 17.00 h at doses about 3 times the corresponding ED-50's: 10 and 100 microgram, respectively. Though both regimens of OeB administration resulted in advancement of ovulation, neither had more than a moderate effect on the development of pituitary responsiveness to LRH. In neither group could OeB induced LH-surges be distinguished from "normal" 4-day rat-LH-surges and both differ from 5-day rat-LH-surges. It is concluded that (1) in the "Everett-model" OeB acts almost exclusively on the central nervous system; (2) the oestrogen induced surge of LH is an all-or-none effect; and (3) there exists no relationship between the blood oestrogen concentrations and the characteristics of the induced LH-surges. PMID- 6990668 TI - Wound infections in abdominal surgery. A prospective study on 696 operations. AB - A prospective analysis of wound infections in abdominal surgery was carried out in the Department of Surgery, University of Turku, during two 3-month periods. Excluding vascular and urologic surgery altogether 696 abdominal operations were performed. The overall wound infection rate was 9.8%. According to the wound classification the rates of wound infection were the following: clean wounds 4.2%, clean contaminated 9.1%, contaminated 14.4%, and dirty wounds 28.8%. Factors promoting wound infection rate included high age of the patient, associated medical illnesses, prolonged preoperative hospitalization, prolonged duration or extensiveness of the procedure, and missing peritoneal lavage in patients with peritonitis, intestinal strangulation or gross abdominal contamination. The infection rate in acute surgery (12.4%) was higher than that in elective procedures (7.6%). S. aureus was the most common bacteria in wound infections after clean surgery while E. coli dominated in cultures from infected wounds after contaminated surgery. Patients with wound infection were prome to develop other postoperative infections and lung atelectases. The mean nursing time of patients with wound infection was 7 days longer than in uninfected patients. Mortality in patients without wound infections was 1.6% and in patients with wound infection 11.8%. PMID- 6990673 TI - Beta-cell function and metabolic control in insulin treated diabetics. AB - In a random one day study beta-cell function was evaluated in 210 insulin treated diabetics by the serum C-peptide concentration 6 min after iv injection of 1 mg of glucagon. Sixty-five patients (31%) had residual beta-cell function. As a group these patients were characterized by having a higher age at onset of diabetes (P less than 0.01), a shorter duration of disease (P less than 0.01) and by receiving a smaller dose of insulin (P less than 0.01). However, their quality of metabolic control did not differ from the patients without beta-cell function. Although the concentrations of post-stimulatory C-peptide correlated inversely with both the 24-hour glycosuria (P less than 0.01) and the fasting blood glucose concentrations (P less than 0.02), only a subgroup with C-peptide concentrations exceeding 0.30 pmol/ml showed a definitely better degree of metabolic control than those without beta-cell function. As this subgroup also received the smallest dose of insulin these observations suggest that maintenance of beta-cell function above this level facilitates good metabolic control. Evidence is presented suggesting that measurements of the 24-hour glycosuria undertaken in a diabetes clinic create a too optimistic impression of the quality of metabolic control during every day life. PMID- 6990672 TI - The role of insulin absorption and sensitivity in determining a diabetic's daily insulin dosage. AB - The change of serum free and total insulin, and of blood intermediary metabolites, growth hormone and cortisol have been determined after separate tests using 0.3 units/kg 'Actrapid MC' given by sc injection and 0.04 units/kg/h by iv infusion in 16 fasted chronic-bovine-insulin-treated diabetics. Eight of these diabetics normally received 32 units or less of conventional, mainly bovine insulin a day and the other eight 128 units or more. Paradoxically the high dose group had a greater fall (5.6 V 3.1 mmol/l; P less than 0.05) in blood glucose four h after the sc insulin injection despite similar pre-insulin values (8.2 and 6.9 mmol/l respectively). Otherwise the responses were markedly similar in the two groups to both sc and iv insulin. Thus the gross differences in daily insulin dosage could not be explained in terms of insulin absorption or sensitivity as assessed by several metabolic parameters. PMID- 6990674 TI - Reduction of the risk of acid pulmonary aspiration in anaesthetized patients after cimetidine premedication. AB - Forty-two patients undergoing elective general surgery received either placebo, cimetidine 300 mg, or cimetidine 600 mg orally 1.5-2 h before anaesthesia in a double-blind, randomized study. Another 13 subjects received no oral premedication and served as a control group. When compared to placebo or control patients, both doses of cimetidine significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased the acidity and volume of gastric contents. None of the subjects given cimetidine were in the risk range of acid pulmonary aspiration (pH under 2.5 plus volume over 25 ml), whereas 46% of the control patients and 40% of the patients given placebo (P less than 0.005 vs cimetidine in both groups) were in the risk range. PMID- 6990676 TI - Sympathetic nervous system tonicity and post-coronary artery bypass hypertension. AB - To elucidate the pathogenesis of hypertension following coronary bypass surgery, blood pressure and plasma catecholamine concentration were measured in 28 patients with coronary artery disease who were undergoing myocardial revascularization procedures. Measurements were obtained on arrival in the operating room and 1 and 4 h after surgery. One hour after surgery, plasma norepinephrine (NE) increased significantly by 495 +/- 108 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) in the coronary artery disease group which developed hypertension, but the increase was not significant in the coronary artery patients who remained normotensive after surgery. However, 4 h after surgery, plasma NE increased significantly and to the same extent in both coronary artery disease groups, regardless of the change in blood pressure. Plasma epinephrine (E) also increased significantly 1 and 4 h after surgery in both groups. The observed change in plasma catecholamine concentration is direct evidence that the stress of surgery is a potent adrenergic stimulus, but the hemodynamic significance of the plasma catecholamine change remains unclear. PMID- 6990677 TI - Morphological evidence for the stimulatory effect of insulin on vaginal and endometrial cells of rats. AB - The effect of insulin (single subcutaneous injection 3 IU/100 g body weight) on the vaginal epithelium cells was studied in castrated adult female rats. At the electron-microscopic level, the vaginal cells showed development of the Golgi complexes and increase in the number and arrangement of ribosomes and secretory vesicles. The endometrial cells showed similar modifications, with stronger evidence of neoformation of polyribosomes. These results suggest that insulin stimulates the cellular activity of the vaginal and endometrial epithelia of castrated female rats. PMID- 6990675 TI - Cimetidine in the prevention of acid aspiration during anesthesia. AB - In a controlled, randomized, double-blind trial, the value of cimetidine as prophylaxis against acid aspiration pneumonitis was studied. Compared to placebo, cimetidine reduced the volume as well as the acidity of the gastric contents significantly. The patients at risk of developing severe pneumonitis after aspiration (pH less than 2.5 and volume greater than 20 ml) were reduced from 55% in the placebo group to 0 in the group having received cimetidine 400 mg the night before and a further 400 mg on the morning of surgery. Premedication with cimetidine may be useful if rapid intubation cannot be anticipated. PMID- 6990678 TI - Immunohistological localization of the anti-encephalitogenic bovine spinal cord protein (BSCP) in axons. AB - The localization of the anti-encephalitogenic bovine spinal cord protein (BSCP) in sections of bovine peripheral nerve was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using the globulin fraction of a rabbit anti-BSCP serum and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. BSCP was clearly demonstrated in axons and in the endoneurial space surrounding the myelinated nerve fibres but was not detected in myelin or in the perineurial connective tissue. The precise localization of BSCP in the spaces encompassing the myelin sheaths is hindered by the inadequate visualization of the unstained sites by immunofluorescence. However, since anti-BSCP antibodies do not react with collagen or blood vessels, the major components of the endoneurial space, it is highly probable that BSCP is localized in Schwann cells. Myelin-free axons prepared from bovine midbrain stained evenly throughout their entire lengths indicating that BSCP was also a component of CNS axons. PMID- 6990680 TI - Hypoglycemic brain injury. II. Electron-microscopic findings in rat cerebral cortical neurons during profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration. PMID- 6990681 TI - Microvascular osteocutaneous groin flap in the treatment of an ununited tibial fracture with chronic osteitis. A case report. AB - A 37-year-old man with an ununited tibial fracture combined with a significant skin defect underwent a microvascular transfer of an island osteocutaneous flap of groin skin and iliac crest bone. The bone component of the flap was shown to be a living transplant by the observation of brisk cancellous bone bleeding when the flap was isolated on its vascular stalk; by rapid fracture healing (weight bearing 15 weeks postoperatively); and sequential bone scan investigations. Various aspects of the flap blood supply, particularly to bone, are discussed, and reference is made to the use of a more suitable vessel system. PMID- 6990679 TI - Hypoglycemic brain injury. I. Metabolic and light microscopic findings in rat cerebral cortex during profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration. PMID- 6990682 TI - In vivo studies of bone grafts. The possibility of vascular anastomoses in healing bone. AB - A titanium chamber enabling vital microscopic studies of bone tissue in situ was installed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. Using a gentle surgical technique the chamber and surrounding bone were cut in bloc, twisted 360 degrees and reinserted into the same donor bed. Vital microscopy of these orthotopical bone grafts revealed that the circulation was mainly regained via ingrowth of newly developed vessels of host origin, starting at 5--8 days after grafting. Bone remodelling was observed at 3 weeks post grafting in these cases. In two grafts, however, an additional mode of blood flow recovery was seen. Here vessels of more than 30 microns width, registered before grafting, apparently were functioning also afterwards, indicating end-to-end anastomoses between host and pre-existing graft vessels. In these two grafts bone remodelling started as early as 1 week after transplantation. PMID- 6990683 TI - Developmental aspects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and its possible role in the enteroinsular axis in neonates. AB - Little is known on the development of the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in neonates or on its potential role in the enteroinsular axis. Using cross-section data collection we studied: (a) 100 preterm neonates either at birth (cord blood), or before or after a feed on the sixth or 24th day and (b) 63 term neonates at birth or on the sixth day. Blood samples were assayed for GIP, insulin and glucose. At birth plasma GIP concentrations were low compared with fasting adults (p less than 0.01). Basal plasma levels were significantly higher at six days in fed infants, but not in a group of sick preterm infants who had never been fed orally. On the sixth day there was no GIP response to a feed, but by 24th day there was a marked postprandial elevation (p less than 0.01). In preterm infants the insulin response was 68% greater at 24 days than at six days in spite of a similar glycaemic response. We hypothesize that this increasing postnatal insulin response to enteral feeding may be due to the commencement of the postprandial release of GIP, thought to be an important effector in the enteroinsular axis. PMID- 6990684 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in fetal tissues and in material serum. AB - The occurrence of CEA was extensively adsorbed to eliminate cross-reactions with CEA-related antigens. After the first trimester of pregnancy CEA was found throughout the gastrointestinal tract by both techniques, whereas the other fetal tissues and fetal serum did not contain detectable amounts of CEA. The CEA-level of all 69 sera of pregnant women was below 2.5 ng/ml. The excretory nature of CEA was suggested by the localization of CEA in the luminal border of the alimentary tract and by the finding that the CEA concentration in the content of fetal gastrointestinal canal was higher than in the surrounding tissue. Gel filtration on Sepharose 4B showed that molecular weight of CEA immunoreactive material of the fetal gut was similar to that of CEA purified from colon cancer, but a minor component with a higher molecular weight was eluted in the void volume. When tested in radioimmunoassay, the CEA immunoreactive material in both peaks gave an inhibition curve parallel to that of purified CEA. PMID- 6990685 TI - Effects of some antibacterial agents on the phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells. AB - Gentamicin, trimethroprim, cephalothin, colistin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol were studied in a phagocytic system. A radiolabelled strain of E. coli was used as test bacterium and human polymorphonuclear cells were used as phagocytes. Except for trimethoprim and cephalothin, there was a tendency towards depression of the process of phagocytosis in the presence of high concentrations of the various antibiotics. Colistin in a high concentration (83 micrograms/ml) exerted the most significant effect. PMID- 6990686 TI - A vacuum gadget for safe and rapid mounting of cover slips on slides with living pathogenic microorganisms. AB - A simple gadget is described for the safe and rapid mounting of cover slips on slides with infectious materials. The instrument has worked satisfactorily in the mounting of more than 50,000 slides. PMID- 6990687 TI - Quantification of bacteria in operation wounds--an experimental investigation with swab sampling in pigs. AB - Quantitative recovery by swab cultures of Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli from experimental wounds in pigs was studied for assessment of wound contamination in elective surgery. The recovery rate declined rapidly over the first hour. Ten minutes after seeding the wounds with known numbers of bacteria, the recovery was respectively 0.7% and 4.1% for S. aureus and E. coli. Recovery was not affected by the size of the wound. Streaking the swab onto the culture plate, or rinsing the swab in saline and plating out the rinsing fluid immediately after sampling resulted in a three to four times higher yield than by using Stuart's transport medium for later plating. The results provide an indication of the discrepancy between the number of micro-organisms recovered from wounds in elective surgery and the number of micro-organisms required to produce suppurative infection in experiments on animals and in man. PMID- 6990688 TI - Experience with an indirect (passive) haemagglutination test for the demonstration of rubella virus antibody. AB - A new indirect (passive) haemagglutination technique (Rubacell, Abbott) has been evaluated on the basis of a material of 1,792 sera sent for serological diagnosis of a rubella infection or determination of immunity status. The test procedure is very simple. IHA antibodies appeared about two weeks later than HI antibodies and seemed to persist for life. Two fields of application for the IHA technique are discussed: 1. As a supplement to other tests because of the late appearance of the antibodies; 2. In screening for immunity status. The IHA combines ease of performance with high sensitivity. PMID- 6990689 TI - Cellular fatty acid composition of Haemophilus species, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale). AB - The fatty acid composition of 35 Haemophilus influenzae strains was found to be grossly similar and characterized by relatively large amounts of 14:0, 3-OH-14:0, 16:1 and 16:0. The three C18 fatty acids 18:2, 18:1 and 18:0 were also present, but in much lower concentrations. This general pattern was also found for most of the other species of Haemophilus examined (H. aegyptius, H. aphrophilus, H. canis, H. gallinarum, H. haemolyticus, and H. parainfluenzae). Small but distinct quantitative discrepancies were detected for H. ducreyi and the haemin independent species H. paraphrohaemolyticus, H. paraphrophilus and H. suis. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was found to be indistinguishable from H. influenzae. Pasteurella multocida also exhibited a fatty acid pattern closely related to that of Haemophilus, but could be distinguished by its higher concentration levels of the C18 fatty acids. The fatty acid pattern of H. vaginalis was considerably different from those of the other species examined. This species lacked 3-OH-14:0 and 18:2 and contained small amounts of 14:0 and 16:0, whereas 18:1 and 18:0 were the major constituents. PMID- 6990690 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli 06 infection in mice. 1. Effect of immunisation on resistance in relation to 06 antibody levels in mice of different strains. AB - The susceptibility to intraperitoneal infection with E. coli 06:k2 bacteria and the increase of resistance after immunization and immune serum injection was analysed in eight mouse strains (CBA, A/J, C3H, C3H/HeJ, C57 B1/6J congenitally athymic C57 B1 nu/nu and their heterozygous nu/+ litter mates as well as NMRI mice). A different susceptibility to the infection was found among the strains. This was not related to endotoxin resistance or thymus deficiency or to the ability of the animals to form antibodies as measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. Immunization of the animals with 5 x 10(7) E. coli 06:K13 bacteria resulted in a smaller increase in resistance in the less susceptible CBA mice than in the more susceptible A/J or C3H/HeJ mice. This pattern was further accentuated after repeated immunization. The development of resistance by immunization seemed independent of T-cells, since the nu/nu mice were as resistant as the nu/+ mice. The nu/nu mice, however, formed less antibodies after vaccination than did their nu/+ litter mates. The lowest antibody responses were noted in the NMRI mice, but this was accompanied with similar increase in resistance compared with the other strains forming 10-fold more 06 antibodies. Immunization with as little as 102-104 bacteria also resulted in a rise in resistance. This was, however, accompanied by a minute increase in antibody titer. Despite content of minute antibody levels administration of such immune serum gave protection of the recipients. It was concluded that very small amounts of antibodies would provide protection against E. coli infection varying from one mouse strain to another. PMID- 6990691 TI - Carotid baroreflex heart rate control during the active and the assisted breathing cycle in man. AB - The interaction between the phase of the breathing cycle and the carotid baroreflex heart rate control was studied in fifteen healthy subjects with special reference to respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated by neck suction. With a standardized breathing pattern, two types of experiment were performed. (a) Neck suction applied in counter phase with the respiratory arterial pressure variations; this reduced the amplitude and shifted the phase of the transmural carotid arterial pressure oscillations but did not influence the RSA. (B) During active as well as ventilator assisted breathing, brief periods of neck suction were applied during either inspiration (insufflation) or expiration. Neck suction during active inspiration did not change the amplitude of the RSA but when applied during expiration, increased it by 6.8 beats X min-1 (P less than 0.001). In the ventilator experiments, neck suction during insufflation and expiration augmented the RSA equally, by 5.3 beats X min-1 (P less than 0.05). The results indicate a decreased sensitivity of the carotid arterial baroreflex during active inspiration, with no equivalent during assisted breathing, and suggest that the change in baroreflex sensibility is a prerequisite for the rise of the RSA. PMID- 6990692 TI - Adrenal medullary control of muscular and hepatic glycogenolysis and of pancreatic hormonal secretion in exercising rats. PMID- 6990695 TI - Radiographic healing and remodelling of cortical and cancellous bone grafts after rigid plate fixation. Experiments in the rabbit. AB - Cortical and cancellous interposition grafts, with rigid plate fixation, in the tibiofibular bones of 130 rabbits were followed radiographically for one year. The cancellous grafts healed earlier, but by 12 weeks both graft types had been incorporated, the distal host--graft interface being the last to heal. Progressive cancellous transformation in both the graft and host bone led to an increased over-all bone diameter, a widened medullary canal and a thinned porotic wall. PMID- 6990696 TI - Compensatory hyperplasia of the human kidney evaluated by angiography and a dye dilution technique. AB - The renal blood flow and related variables were assessed with a dye dilution technique in conjunction with angiography of the enlarged kidney in 13 patients with unilateral disease, hypoplasia or aplasia of one kidney. The total renal blood flow, the width of the arteries, the kidney area, the vascular volume and the thickness of the cortex were all increased. The vascular resistance was decreased. The circulation time through the kidney was normal but the flow volume and most likely also the intrarenal flow velocity were increased. PMID- 6990694 TI - Videotape recording in psychiatry and psychopharmacology. Review and presentation of a new method. PMID- 6990697 TI - Stereotaxis and tomography. A technical note. AB - A method for stereotactic coordinate determination by means of X-ray tomography is presented. A standard stereotactic method has been slightly modified, and the localization procedure has been adapted to CT scanning as well as conventional tomography. The technique allows rapid and accurate determination of the instrument coordinates of the target by the surgeon and may be used in conjunction with any standard CT body scanner or X-ray tomograph. PMID- 6990693 TI - Clinical trial of hemodialysis in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The hemodialysis program was carried out in four male chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized 3--12 months in the Psychiatric Clinic, Medical University, Wroclaw. The diagnosis was made independently by three psychiatrists. The disease lasted 5 to 26 years. The clinical assessment of mental and physical state followed each dialysis. The BPRS, CGI and Wing's Ward Behavior Scale were filled. Eleven to 20 dialyses were conducted once a week (two patients) or twice weekly (two patients). Neuroleptics were withdrawn. A short period of slight, unspecific improvement was followed by a deterioration in all cases, which made it necessary to put the patients back on neuroleptics. At the end of the dialysis program none of the patients improved. Further research on the efficacy of dialysis in chronic schizophrenia should be made before the final assessment of its value. PMID- 6990698 TI - [List of academics]. PMID- 6990700 TI - History of the antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6990699 TI - [In memoriam of Jose Gay Prieto (17 January 1905-5 December 1979)]. PMID- 6990703 TI - Phenytoin: biopharmacology. AB - Among the characteristics of PHT described herein, the following may have some implications in studies of its mechanisms of action: 1. The pKa of PHT may be closer to physiological pH than reported initially. 2. Effective concentrations higher than its solubility at 37 degrees C must involve a binding phenomenon. 3. PHT produces a direct and reversible antieplieptic effect; proposed mechanisms must be compatible with the observed time course of antiepileptic effects. 4. PHT itself is probably solely responsible for its effect. 5. The time course of effect will probably be influenced by dose-dependent kinetics of several species. PMID- 6990701 TI - Mechanisms of antiepileptic drug action: clinical indicators. PMID- 6990702 TI - Phenytoin: introduction and history. PMID- 6990704 TI - Phenytoin: binding. PMID- 6990705 TI - Phenytoin: electrophysiological studies in simple neuronal systems. PMID- 6990706 TI - Phenytoin: relevant side effects. PMID- 6990707 TI - Morphological correlates of epilepsy: cells in the hippocampus. PMID- 6990708 TI - Phenobarbital: biopharmacology. PMID- 6990709 TI - Phenobarbital: binding. PMID- 6990710 TI - Barbiturates: physiological effects I. PMID- 6990711 TI - Barbiturates: inhibition of sustained firing in Aplysia neurons. PMID- 6990712 TI - Phenobarbital: proposed mechanisms of antiepileptic action. PMID- 6990713 TI - Succinimides. PMID- 6990714 TI - Benzodiazepines. PMID- 6990715 TI - The ketogenic diet: mechanism of anticonvulsant action. AB - Although the ketogenic diet has been used in the therapy for epilepsy for more than 50 years, there are few studies concerned with the effects of this diet on the central nervous system. Recent attempts to unravel the biochemical effects of the ketogenic diet on the brain seem to be a fruitful approach to understanding how the ketogenic diet causes anticonvulsant effects. Another exciting approach is the development of animal models in which various effects of the diet can be correlated with changes in seizure protection. It would be useful to determine whether the diet produces any neurophysiological effects that could account for some, or all, of its antiseizure properties. Finally, the efficacy of the diet is impressive. It is likely that the ketogenic diet will never be of major therapeutic importance because of the expense and commitment required of the patient and the family. Nevertheless, it appears obvious that continued study of a therapy which seems to work so well will give us some valuable clues as to the mechanism of seizures and their control. Further investigations into the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet should be encouraged. PMID- 6990717 TI - Endogenous prostaglandins modulate glucagon secretion by isolated guinea-pig islets. PMID- 6990716 TI - Effects of prostaglandins H2, D2, I2, and thromboxane on in vitro secretion of glucagon and insulin. PMID- 6990718 TI - Spatial and temporal variations in prostacyclin production by the rat pregnant uterus. PMID- 6990719 TI - Concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha in amniotic fluid, decidual tissue, and placenta in the later stages of pregnancy in the rat. AB - To determine if the levels of TXA2 and PGI2 within the uterus change at parturition in rats, the concentrations of their respective stable products, TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (6-k-PGF1 alpha) were measured in amniotic fluid, decidual and placental tissues by specific radioimmunoassays which have been verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were collected on days 15, 20, 21, and 22 of pregnancy and during labor on day 23. In general, levels of TXB2 and 6 k-PGF1 alpha as well as those of PGE and PGF were highest during labor on day 23, although levels of TXB2 and 6-k-PGF1 alpha in amniotic fluid and decidual tissue, respectively, peaked on day 22. The concentrations were generally highest in decidual tissue, and lowest in amniotic fluid. These findings suggest that TXA2 and PGI2 may have a role in parturition in rats. PMID- 6990720 TI - Treatment of premature labor with indomethacin. PMID- 6990721 TI - Comparison of the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of prostaglandins E1, E2, I, or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. PMID- 6990722 TI - Gastric antisecretory and cardiovascular actions of a stable 16-phenoxy prostacyclin analog in the dog. PMID- 6990723 TI - Prevention of aspirin-induced fecal blood loss in men with prostaglandin E2. PMID- 6990725 TI - Prostaglandins and digestive diseases. PMID- 6990724 TI - Inhibition of acid secretion from the rat-isolated gastric mucosa by arachidonic acid and identification of major metabolites. PMID- 6990726 TI - Selectivity of action of prostaglandins on acid secretion induced by histamine, gastrin, and nerve stimulation, in vitro. PMID- 6990728 TI - Effect of prostacyclin on pancreatic secretion in dogs. PMID- 6990727 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on gastric acid and mucus secretion. PMID- 6990729 TI - Effects of various prostanoids on gallbladder muscle. PMID- 6990730 TI - An approach to evaluation of local intestinal PG production and clinical assessment of its inhibition by indomethacin in chronic diarrhea. PMID- 6990731 TI - Dexamethasone inhibits the release of prostaglandins and the formation of autophagic vacuoles from stimulated macrophages. PMID- 6990732 TI - Flurbiprofen and human intraocular inflammation. PMID- 6990733 TI - Dietary manipulation of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in heart, aorta and blood platelets of the rat. AB - We conclude that dietary changes can have a profound influence on prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis of organ systems. A better insight into underlying mechanisms is necessary before more definite advice with respect to feeding a linolenic acid and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as found in fish oils can be given. PMID- 6990735 TI - [Osanori Kirisawa, an honorary member of the Ophthalmological Society]. PMID- 6990736 TI - Urine cytology. Part II: renal cytology. AB - Properly collected urine samples examined by qualified cytologists can aid in the diagnosis and management of various infectious and inflammatory renal parenchymal diseases. Patients with proteinuria, hematuria or bacteriuria will benefit most from renal cytologic examination. Exfoliative cells from renal parenchymal tumors often do not communicate with the collecting system. Some disseminated neoplasms, such as lymphoma or myeloma, can be diagnosed and followed by cytologic study. PMID- 6990734 TI - Influence of various lipid components of kidneys of rats fed diets rich or poor in linoleic acid on prostacyclin biosynthesis. PMID- 6990737 TI - Throat cultures in the office. AB - Office bacteriology aids clinical judgment in the diagnosis of pharyngotonsillitis and enhances quality medical care. The office bacteriology laboratory requires only a small expenditure of time and money. The technique is easily learned and is sensitive. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci can be distinguished from other beta-hemolytic streptococci because they are readily inhibited by 0.04 u. of bacitracin. PMID- 6990738 TI - A unified classification for tricuspid atresia. PMID- 6990739 TI - Calcium antagonists. PMID- 6990740 TI - Methyldopa and neural control of circulation in essential hypertension. PMID- 6990742 TI - Indirect immunofluorescent assays for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell associated antigen. Elimination of nonspecific fluorescent stain on lymphoid cells. PMID- 6990741 TI - Orbital and adnexal lymphomas. A multiparameter approach. AB - The application of immunologic, cytochemical, and electron-microscopic technics to the study of lymphoid lesions of the orbit and adnexa was found to enhance the accuracy of diagnoses of malignant lymphoma in five challenging referral cases. Although careful specimen collection, ideal fixation, and processing constitute the cornerstone of the morphologic diagnosis of nodal and extranodal lymphomas, the immunologic characterization of these lymphoproliferative disorders is emphasized as an especially useful diagnostic parameter. The occurrence of false negative diagnoses of pseudolymphoma of the orbital region may be partially explained by a failure to recognize the relatively frequent plasma-cytoid lymphocytic lymphoma, a distinctive entity that may mimic a reactive inflammatory process. All of the cases of malignant lymphoma reported represented stage I or stage II disease, suggesting that primary lymphoma of the orbital region may be a disease with a favorable prognosis. PMID- 6990744 TI - In memoriam: Israel Davidsohn, 1895-1979. PMID- 6990747 TI - Choriocarcinoma of the stomach. AB - A 23-year old woman with primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach presented with abdominal pain and massive hepatomegaly. Serum levels of CEA and serum and urine levels of beta-HCG were markedly elevated. Immunoperoxidase staining for CEA and HCG reveal both to be present in morphologically typical carcinoma cells. This suggests that serum beta-HCG may be a useful tumor marker of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 6990746 TI - Vegetarianism in children. PMID- 6990748 TI - Peptic ulcer in children. A review. PMID- 6990743 TI - Rapid diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus infection by direct immunofluorescence. AB - Laboratory results were reviewed for 47 patients who had skin lesions that had been simultaneously examined by viral culture and direct immunofluorescence for the presence of varicella-zoster virus. Immunofluorescence established the diagnosis in 24 of 28 patients (86%) strongly suspected on clinical grounds of having varicella-zoster infection. Viral culture was positive in only 10 of 28 patients (36%). Skin lesions in 19 patients who had other diagnoses were negative by both tests. Direct immunofluorescence appears to be a highly sensitive and specific technic for the rapid diagnosis of cutaneous varicella-zoster virus infections. PMID- 6990745 TI - Management of acute asthma in childhood. A randomized evaluation of beta adrenergic agents. AB - We examined the efficacy of several beta-adrenergic agents commonly used to treat asthma and evaluated the optimum route of administration. Two hundred and sixty nine persons aged 5 to 21 years who came to the emergency ward while suffering from acute asthma were treated with either (1) inhalation isoetharine hydrochloride or (2) subcutaneous epinephrine or terbutaline sulfate. Patients were evaluated using clinical scores and pulmonary function tests and were monitored for adverse side effects. Regardless of mode of therapy, the acute attack was either treated successfully, terminated in hospital admission, or required further therapy within 24 hours in a comparable number of patients. Adverse side effects were more common with terbutaline sulfate than with either epinephrine or isoetharine in the doses used. Thus, inhalation of beta-adrenergic agents is as effective as subcutaneous administration in the treatment of acute asthma in childhood. PMID- 6990749 TI - Heat-labile enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced diarrhea aboard a Miami based cruise ship. AB - Beginning in late December, 1975, almost one-third of the passengers on two successive cruises of a Miami-based cruise ship noted the onset of diarrheal illness while on board. A single serotype of Escherichia coli that produced heat labile enterotoxin without producing heat-stable enterotoxin was recovered from the stool of most ill passengers cultured. Epidemiological investigation could not specifically define the mode of spread. The clinical picture presented was similar to the illness caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli that produce only heat stable enterotoxin or that produce heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins. PMID- 6990750 TI - The emergence of infection surveillance and control programs in US hospitals: an assessment, 1976. AB - To assess the current state of hospitals' infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs) nationwide and to provide a sampling frame for selecting hospitals for later phases of the SENIC Project, the authors mailed a screening questionnaire in March, 1976, to virtually all US hospitals; 86% of those in the SENIC target universe responded. Of these, 64% (2299) reported that their ISCPs were being supervised by a physician or a microbiologist with special interest in infection control, and 42% had an infection control nurse (ICN), or equivalent, working at least half time. In contrast to the supervisors, most of the ICN's had recieved special training in hospital infection epidemiology and spent the majority of their time doing surveillance. Almost all hospitals (87%) had practiced some form of infection surveillance. Almost all hospitals (87%) had practiced some form of infection surveillance, with half reporting very active programs. Larger hospitals with ISCP staff tended to use active clinical casefinding methods, while smaller hospitals tended to use passive techniques. Most hospitals (76%) were collecting relatively large numbers of environmental cultures routinely, although a growing number (about 25%) had reduced or discontinued this practice. Routine culturing was more often performed in hospitals employing passive surveillance methods. Although the adoption of selected infection control policies and practices has varied widely, chronological data indicate that a major infection control movement has emerged since 1970. PMID- 6990751 TI - Osmotic strength, osmolality, and osmolarity. AB - The confusion that often exists between osmolality and osmolarity is discussed, and the clinical importance of careful distinction between these terms is emphasized. The clinical effects of abnormal osmotic strength of parenteral solutions, methods of determining osmolality and osmolarity, and the practical applications of these concepts are reviewed. Although osmolality can be determined experimentally (whereas osmolarity cannot) it is difficult or impossible to use osmolality in calculations associated with the extemporaneous preparation and administration of fluids such as i.v. admixtures. Hence, there is a need in many cases for product labels to state both osmolality and osmolarity. PMID- 6990752 TI - Computer-assisted customized antimicrobial dosages. AB - The use of a computer-based consultation program to customize dosage regimens of antimicrobials for patients with meningitis or bacteremia is described. Using clinical and laboratory information entered by the user, the program determines causative organisms, recommends therapeutic regimens, and generates a graph depicting the expected blood level of each drug as a function of time. During therapy selection, the program considers the site of infection, the susceptibility of the organism to antibiotics, and the patient's clinical status and drug history. Individualized pharmacokinetic values allow for dosage adjustments in renal failure and estimation of blood levels. If renal impairment is present, dosage regimens for drugs excreted by the kidneys are adjusted to assure the desired steady-state blood levels. To help in selection of the optimal regimen, estimated blood levels for each regimen are graphed along with the minimum inhibitory concentration for the organism and the toxic level of the drug. A bulit-in knowledge base in conjunction with patient-specific information enables the computer program to determine appropriate treatment specific to a patient's age, renal function, and prior drug reactions. PMID- 6990754 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: nephrology. PMID- 6990753 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: hematology. PMID- 6990755 TI - Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. VII: Pharmacokinetic factors influencing drug therapy in the aged. AB - The pharmacokinetic factors influencing drug therapy in the elderly are reviewed with special attention on dosage regimens. Deterioration in the effectiveness of drug clearance appears to be the principal pharmacokinetic factor that is altered with age. Prolonged half-life and reduced volume of distribution are the primary and secondary causes, respectively, of the altered clearance. Studies relating age to changes in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, digoxin, quinidine, warfarin, lithium, benzodiazepines, theophylline, cimetidine, phenytoin, and kanamycin are reviewed. Decreased drug clearance in the elderly may merit a compensatory reduction in dosage, especially for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. PMID- 6990756 TI - Streptococcal vaccines and global strategies for prevention of rheumatic fever. PMID- 6990757 TI - Classics for clinical science: from horse and buggy doctor to clinical investigator: the story of James Bryan Herrick. PMID- 6990758 TI - Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis. AB - Hypoglycemia has rarely been described as a clinical sign of severe bacterial sepsis. We recently encountered nine patients in whom hypoglycemia (mean serum glucose of 22 mg/dl) was associated with overwhelming sepsis. Clinical disease in these patients included pneumonia and cellulitis; in three patients, no focus of infection was apparent. Altered mental status, metabolic acidosis, leukopenia, abnormal clotting studies and bacteremia were common features in these cases. In four patients, no cause for hypoglycemia other than sepsis was present. In five patients, another possible metabolic cause for hypoglycemia was present (alcoholism in four and chronic renal insufficiency in one) although none had been observed to be hypoglycemic on previous hospitalizations. Streptococcus pneumoniae (three cases) and Hemophilus influenzae, type b, (two cases) were the most common pathogens, and the over-all mortality was 67 per cent. The mechanism(s) for hypoglycemia with sepsis is not well defined. Depleted glycogen stores, impaired gluconeogenesis and increased peripheral glucose utilization may all be contributing factors. Incubation of bacteria in fresh blood at room temperature does not increase the normal rate of breakdown of glucose suggesting that the hypoglycemia occurs in vivo. Hypoglycemia is an important sign of overwhelming sepsis that may be more common than has previously been recognized. PMID- 6990760 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle complicated by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Recognition by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - A patient is described with a large posterior left ventricular pseudoaneurysm complicated by Salmonella typhimurium infection. M-mode echocardiography displayed a massive echo-free space behind the posterior left ventricular wall, and two-dimensional echocardiography specifically defined the orifice and saccular contour of the false aneurysm. These findings were confirmed by cardiac catheterization and surgery. The unusual features of Salmonella endovascular infection and the noninvasive methods to detect left ventricular pseudoaneurysms are reviewed. PMID- 6990759 TI - Mechanisms of tissue injury in desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. AB - To evaluate a contribution of immunologic factors to the pathogenesis of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP), lung biopsy specimens from four patients were studied for immunoglobulin deposits in tissue and cellular characteristics by immunologic, ultrastructural and histochemical methods. Accumulations of large cells with vacuolated cytoplasm within the distal air spaces and marked increase in the numbers of type II pneumocytes lining pulmonary alveoli were observed in all cases. The cells in air spaces were identified as macrophages containing intracellular lysozyme and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. Deposits of immunoglobulin G(IgG) and the third component of complement were found in distal air spaces and on the surfaces of the accumulated macrophages. The interstitial fibrosis was not a significant feature in out patients. Circulating immune complexes and a decreased IgG level were detected in serum during the acute phase of the disease. IgG levels returned to normal and were no longer detectable during convalescence in one patient followed sequentially. The formation and deposition of complement-fixing antibody and/or immune complexes may be responsible for the local accumulation and activation of macrophages and for tissue damages. Release of lysosomal enzymes by alveolar macrophages phagocytosing the complexes could also contribute to the alveolar injury, whereas the proliferation of type II pneumocytes may be a reparative tissue reaction to immunologically-mediated injury. PMID- 6990761 TI - Oral ritodrine maintenance in the treatment of preterm labor. AB - Seventy patients with preterm labor and intact membranes were initially treated with ritodrine hydrochloride to delay preterm delivery. Tocolysis beyond 24 hours was achieved in 59 patients. Fifty-five of the 59 patients were then placed on either oral ritodrine or placebo as maintenance therapy in a randomized double blind manner. If preterm labor recurred, the sequence of intramuscular and then oral treatment was repeated. The number of days gained after initiation of intramuscular treatment was similar in both groups (oral ritodrine = 34 days, oral placebo = 36 days). In those 55 patients receiving oral treatment, there was a smaller number of relapses requiring repeat intramuscular treatment in the oral ritodrine group (1.11 in the ritodrine patient vs. 2.71 in the placebo patient, p less than 0.05), and the mean interval between beginning oral treatment and the first relapse/delivery was 5.8 days in the oral placebo group and 25.9 in those receiving oral ritodrine (p less than 0.05). Cardiovascular side effects, notably maternal tachycardia and palpitations were frequent but well tolerated. The results suggest that oral ritodrine maintenance will decrease the incidence of recurrent preterm labor in patients who have had initial successful tocolysis. PMID- 6990763 TI - The objective evaluation of dysmenorrhea therapy. AB - Past attempts to obtain objective evaluation of dysmenorrhea therapy have been severly limited by the lack of accurate, reliable intrauterine pressure data. The development of the catheter-tip microtransducer has made accurate, error- and artifact-free intrauterine pressure recording a reality. This information has made assessment of uterine effects of drug therapy feasible. The combination of this type of information with the use of mathematical processing of data has finally made truly objective assessment attainable. A description of the current technique and the findings made possible by its use are presented. PMID- 6990762 TI - Uterine vascular response to prostacyclin in nonpregnant sheep. AB - Two effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on uterine blood flow were investigated in nonpregnant, castrated ewes with chronically implanted polyvinyl catheters and electromagnetic flow probes. Intra-arterial infusion of PGI2 resulted immediately in increased uterine blood flow, which returned rapidly to baseline after termination of the infusion. A dose-response curve was constructed and demonstrated that a uterine arterial PGI2 concentration of 1.2 times 10(-6)M (0.5 microgram/ml) produced flows 50% of those achieved by a reference dose of 1 microgram of 17 beta-estradiol. Increases in uterine blood flow were not associated with changes in mean systemic arterial pressure. These findings demonstrate that PGI2 has a vasodilatory effect on the uterine circulation and suggest that this substance has a role in the regulation of uterine blood flow. PMID- 6990764 TI - Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis after twenty-five years. AB - This paper provides an abbreviated review of developments related to Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis since its original description a quarter of a century ago. My intervening years of interest and research in the field of vulvovaginal infections have served to further confirm the originally published concepts regarding this highly prevalent, precisely defined, readily recognizable, and aesthetically objectionable vaginal disease. An occasional investigator still questions the pathogenicity of the causative short gram-negative bacillus. The only remaining major controversy, however, concerns the taxonomic position of the organism. The evidence is that it belongs neither to the genus Haemophilus nor to the genus Corynebacterium. PMID- 6990766 TI - Reaction to intraocular penetration of bentonite. AB - A 20-year-old dental assistant had a severe case of anterior segment inflammation believed to be caused by bentonite, a component of Prophypaste. The patient's clinical course as well as animal studies, implicated bentonite as the offending agent. PMID- 6990765 TI - Cerebral blindness and oculomotor nerve palsies in toxoplasmosis. AB - We studied the clinicopathologic and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of central nervous system toxoplasmosis in two patients who were being treated with immunosuppressive chemotherapy, one for renal transplantation and the other for systemic lupus erythematosis. Both pateints had oculomotor nerve palsies and later developed visual loss from cerebral involvement. Multifocal central nervous system toxoplasmosis appeared as a complication of their systemic diseases. PMID- 6990767 TI - Histologic and immunohistologic comparison of main and accessory lacrimal tissue. AB - Main and accessory lacrimal tissues from autopsy and biopsy specimens were compared histologically and immunohistologically. Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded specimens were studied by light microscopy with hematoxylinand-eosin and PAS staining. Glutaraldehyde-fixed, Epon-embedded specimens were sectioned at 1 micron, stained with alkaline Giemsa, and studied by light microscopy. Specimens fixed in a solution of alcohol and acetic acid were stained by immunofluorescence techniques for lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory component, and the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. The main and the accessory lacrimal tissues were identical histologically and had identical distributions of secretory products and immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells. The finding of myoepithelial cells in 1-micron sections of accessory lacrimal tissue indicates autonomic innervation in that tissue. This finding, in conjunction with the identical immunohistology, indicates a common source for unstimulated and stimulated tears. PMID- 6990768 TI - A modified artificial anterior chamber for use in refractive keratoplasty. AB - We devised a modified artificial anterior chamber that enables Barraquer microkeratome keratectomies on corneas preserved in McCarey-Kaufman medium. It consists of a hydraulic system, which creates a positive pressure of 60 mm Hg or more. An added rotating ring serves as a base to the microkeratome's tracks and varying diameters of lamellar sections can be obtained. This device allows the surgeon to use readily available corneas with scleral rims preserved in McCarey Kaufman medium rather than whole eyes to obtain precise lamellar sections. PMID- 6990769 TI - New forceps and cutting block for donor corneas. AB - We designed two new instruments to facilitate the handling and cutting of donor corneal buttons: 12-mm media forceps and a varible curved Teflon block with centering targets. PMID- 6990770 TI - A pathogenetic study of the early connective tissue lesions of viral caprine arthritis-encephalitis. AB - Experiments were designed to correlate morphologic lesions with the presence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Twenty-one cesarean-derived goat kids were infected with 10(6) to 10(7) TCID50 of virus, killed sequentially, and examined for viral antigens by immunofluorescence, viral infectivity by isolation and titration, and morphologic changes by light microscopy. Fluorescent viral antigens were detected from 1 to 10 days postinoculation (DPI) and only in synovial cells. Virus was reisolated from several joints and from brain 0.5 to 79 DPI. Increases in synovial fluid cell counts were noted by 1 DPI, and morphologic changes in synovial membranes were present from 3 to 45 DPI. Joint lesions progressed from mild synovial cell hyperplasia and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration to severe synovial cell hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltration with villous hypertrophy. Lesions elsewhere were mild, consisting only of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates. Eleven cesarean-derived control goats were negative for viral antigens, virus, and morphologic lesions. PMID- 6990771 TI - A model for cardiopathy induced by Trypanosoma brucei brucei in mice. A histologic and immunopathologic study. AB - The successful induction of pancarditis in mice by the use of Trypanosoma brucei brucei is reported. The sequential analysis of whole-organ sections demonstrated the presence of trypanosomes in the cardiac structures from the fourth week after infection. Parasites predominated on the endocardial and epicardial side but were also present in the valves, the conducting system, and the lymphatic system draining the heart, the latter being particularly evident in late infection. At the time of parasite invasion, deposits of IgM and IgG and of complement (C3) appeared in the tissues. Also at this time parasitemia reached a plateau, and the circulating specific antitrypanosomal antibodies, the serum Ig and C3, as well as the Clq activity, reached pathologic levels. Cellular response followed parasite invasion and appeared to be similar to that described in human African trypanosomiasis. In late infection, the draining lymph nodes showed a marked histiocytic proliferation, and the vessels became convoluted and distended. The suggested pathogenic mechanisms involve immunologic and mechanical factors. It is possible that the immunologic process prepares for a simultaneous or subsequent parasite invasion of the tissues with an associated inflammatory response. The partial obstruction of the lymphatic cardiac draining system probably accounts at least in part for the peculiar distribution of the parasite-induced lesions. A therapeutic trial was unsuccessful, but the persistence of trypanosomes in the tissues when circulating parasites were no longer detectable may account for relapses. PMID- 6990772 TI - Stimulation of peritoneal cell arginase by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. AB - The conditions under which bacterial endotoxins stimulate arginase production in mouse peritoneal macrophages have been defined. Both lipid-A and lipid-A associated protein are potent activators. Fetal calf serum and normal mouse serum enhance macrophage arginase levels in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS in the amount of 10(-1) microgram/ml represents a maximal stimulus for macrophage arginase production and release. Thioglycollate elicited peritoneal cells have increased arginase activity, compared with resident cells. This activity can be stimulated further by the addition of LPS. Arginase levels may alter the outcome of in vitro immunologic processes by depleting arginine and may also serve as a useful indicator of the state of activation of macrophages. PMID- 6990773 TI - Localization of spinal motor neurons supplying single ventral roots. AB - The spinal cord location of motor neurons whose axons make up lumbar ventral roots L-5, L-6, and L-7 was investigated in the cat. Location was based on recording the extracellular action potentials from spinal motor neurons which had been activated antidromically by electrical stimulation of single ventral roots. The borders of the spinal segments (as defined by the rostral and caudal limits of the ventral root exit zone) and the sites recorded from were suitably marked, so that the territory occupied by the responding motor neurons could be determined. We showed that probably more certain localization of motor neurons could be achieved by using the positive polarity ("injury") antidromic responses which are recorded with needle electrodes of relatively large tip size. Negative polarity antidromic responses are recorded with fine-tipped electrodes. Results indicated that the origin of a single lumbar ventral root is from homolateral ventral horn cells and is mainly unisegmental, that is, from cells located within the segment of the root's attachment. There was, however, evidence of overlap of some motor cell bodies and/or dendritic processes into the caudal one-fourth of the adjacent more rostral segment. No difference was seen in the longitudinal extent of spinal motor cells supplying axons to the dorsal or ventral primary rami. PMID- 6990774 TI - Metabolic response to moderate exercise in obese man during prolonged fasting. PMID- 6990776 TI - Effect of insulin on in vitro intestinal fatty acid esterification in the rat. AB - We have previously shown that glucose metabolism plays an important role in modifying intestinal fatty acid esterification. Because it is well known that glucose metabolism is under insulin regulation, we examined the effect of insulin on intestinal fatty acid esterification. Insulin pretreatment led to a marked decrease in in vitro intestinal fatty acid esterification, but this decrease was abolished by maintaining blood glucose above 80 mg/dl. Addition of insulin to the incubation medium failed to produce any effect on intestinal fatty acid esterification. The decreased fatty acid esterification on hypoglycemic rats was not associated with changes in fatty acid uptake or lipid esterifying enzyme activities. However, there was a significant increase in the production of volatile metabolites of fatty acid. We conclude that 1) insulin itself has no effect on intestinal fatty acid esterification, 2) the effects observed in this study are due to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, 3) hypoglycemia does not alter intestinal fatty acid uptake or intrinsic esterification activity, but leads to preferential oxidation rather than esterification of fatty acid by the small intestine, and 4) the critical blood glucose concentration needed to maintain normal esterification in the rat was approximately at 80 mg/dl. PMID- 6990775 TI - Insulin binding and glucose uptake of adipocytes in rats adapted to hypergravitational force. AB - Rats were exposed to 4.15 g for 1 yr and weight and age matched, and lean noncentrifuged rats were used as control groups. Rats exposed to chronic hypergravity (hypergravic rats) were found to show lower ambient insulin levels, greater food intake with smaller body weight gain, and decreased size of isolated adipocytes. The ability of adipocytes from the hypergravic rats to bind insulin was increased. With Scatchard analysis, both number and affinity of receptors were increased. In contrast to the increased binding, glucose transport was found to be decreased in adipocytes from these animals. However, when the data were expressed as a percentage of maximal effect, the half maximal insulin effect for both the hypergravic and lean control groups was produced at an insulin concentration of 0.23 +/- 0.02 ng/ml, which was lower than the insulin concentration of 0.31 +/- 0.02 ng/ml for the weight-matched control group (P less than 0.05). This increased insulin sensitivity in the hypergravic group was accounted for by an increased number of receptors. PMID- 6990777 TI - Effects of growth hormone on glycogen metabolism in adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 6990778 TI - Cause of glucose oscillations during glucose infusion: periodic variation in glucose uptake. AB - Constant infusion of glucose (10 mg . kg-1 . min-1) into conscious, intact dogs induced oscillations in the plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin. Glucose rose from basal (98 +/- 1 mg/dl) and, after 3 h, entered oscillations that persisted until the end of the 9-h glucose infusion. Between 240 and 540 min, glucose fluctuated by +/- 17 mg/dl about a mean value of 143 +/- 2 mg/dl; frequency of the glucose oscillation was 0.54 +/- 0.03 cycles/h. During the same time interval, insulin increased from basal 13 +/- 2 mu U/ml to mean 46 +/- 4 mu U/ml. Insulin oscillated at an amplitude (peak-to-peak) of 48 mu U/ml, with frequency not different from that of glucose (0.60 +/- 0.09 cycles/h). The oscillation in glucose "led" the insulin oscillation by 22 +/- 5 min. In three animals, [2-3H]glucose was infused along with unlabeled glucose during oscillations, and it was determined that almost all (98%) of the glucose appearance was from the exogenous infusion. Thus varying endogenous glucose production was ruled out as a contributory factor to the glucose oscillation. Total glucose uptake (Rd) fluctuated periodically at the same frequency as glucose and insulin (0.56 +/- 0.05 cycles/h) and with a large amplitude (Rd mean = 248 mg/min; peak-to-peak amplitude = 85 mg/min). Direct splanchnic balance measurements were made in the interval 240-540 min to determine the specific contributions of splanchnic (Rds) and peripheral glucose uptake (Rdp) to the oscillation in total Rd. Peripheral uptake oscillated in phase with plasma insulin and accounted for 80% (57.5 g) of total Rd. The splanchnic bed (presumably liver) sequestered 20% (14.1 g) of infused glucose, and Rds varied in phase with plasma glucose. The liver extracted 5.6 +/- 0.3% of the total amount of glucose presented to it in the 5-h interval of observation. It is concluded that a) large fluctuations in peripheral glucose utilization are responsible for the observed periodicities in glucose concentration; b) peripheral uptake fluctuations result from periodic bursts in insulin secretion; c) during glucose infusion, glucose is the primary moment-to-moment regulator of hepatic glucose uptake, whereas insulin is the principal regulator of peripheral glucose utilization. PMID- 6990780 TI - Effect of lactate and palmitate on substrate utilization of isolated rat soleus. AB - The effects of exogenous lactate and palmitate on the metabolism of rat soleus muscle were studied. In the presence of glucose and insulin, the addition of 8 mM lactate resulted in a decrease in the oxidation of both glucose and other substrates. Lactate accounted for 70% of the oxygen consumption under these conditions. Glycogen accumulation and the incorporation of exogenous palmitate into triglycerides were stimulated by lactate addition, whereas the utilization of exogenous glycerol was depressed. The addition of 1 mM palmitate in either the presence or absence of lactate resulted in an inhibition of both glycolysis and the utilization of exogenous glucose. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of lactate levels on recovery from exercise. PMID- 6990783 TI - Effect of graded doses of insulin on splanchnic and peripheral potassium metabolism in man. PMID- 6990782 TI - Effect of adrenergic agonists on big and small renin. AB - The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists on renal and submaxillary renin of different molecular weights was studied using male albino mice as experimental animals. Phenylephrine or isoproterenol was administered intravenously after removal of the submaxillary glands and/or kidneys. Renin was isolated from plasma by column chromatography and then measured by a direct radioimmunoassay. Phenylephrine increased both 68,500-dalton renin (big renin) and 38,000-dalton renin (small renin) in the plasma of nephrectomized mice. Isoproterenol increased big and small renin in the plasma of mice whose submaxillary glands were removed. In both cases, the increase of small renin was significantly greater than that of big renin. The results suggest that the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine affects the submaxillary gland, leading to the increase of both big and small plasma renin. In contrast, the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol affects the kidney, leading to the increase of both big and small plasma renin. PMID- 6990779 TI - The renal kallikrein-kinin system. PMID- 6990781 TI - Monosaccharide transport across microvillous membrane of human placenta. AB - Transport through the microvillous membrane of the syncytium is the first step in placental transfer of nutrients. We have therefore studied glucose transport by isolated microvillous membrane vesicles. Transport occurred by selective and rapid facilitated diffusion, which was inhibited by phloridzin, phloretin, cytochalasin B, and HgCl2. Nonmediated diffusion of the substrate was found by three independent methods to be very slow. Competition studies showed that aldohexoses in the C-1 chair conformation were the preferred substrates. Transport was independent of sodium gradients and was not modulated by insulin. However, several steroids inhibited transport including estriol and progesterone, which are abundant in utero. Kinetic analysis by equilibrium exchange demonstrated a Km of 31 mM and a Vmax of 120 nmol . s-1 . mg protein-1. The Km and Vmax suggest a large capacity in relation to calculated fetal needs. In consequence of this capacity, intrasyncytial concentrations of glucose are probably maintained near those of maternal blood. Augmentation of transport at this membrane by hormones or other agents is unlikely to increase fetal supply of glucose, but down regulation by steroids may serve a regulatory function. PMID- 6990784 TI - Effect of serum sex steroids on pituitary LH response to LHRH and LH synthesis. AB - To determine the factors responsible for the sex difference in luteinizing hormone (LH) response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) observed earlier in pituitary cultures, we examined the effects of serum, 17 beta estradiol, and testosterone on pituitary LHRH-responsiveness and LH synthesis. Cultures prepared from female rats were maintained in medium supplemented with serums. Dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) adsorption of female rat serum reduced, whereas DCC adsorption of male rat serum increased the pituitary LHRH responsiveness, indicating the existence of stimulatory factor(s) in female rat serum and inhibitory factor(s) in male rat serum. Readdition of testosterone to DCC female rat serum significantly reduced LH release in response to LHRH (78-32% of the control) without affecting total LH content. Readdition of 17 beta estradiol to DCC female rat serum significantly increased the LH release in response to LHRH, cellular LH content, and 3H-labeled precursor uptake and incorporation into immunoprecipitable LH. These results indicate that the sex difference in LHRH responsiveness may be attributed to the stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol and the inhibitory effect of testosterone on the LH cells. PMID- 6990785 TI - Diurnal changes in plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose load in rats. AB - The plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral load of glucose were examined in the daytime and at night in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats. In rats that had been fed during the nighttime (2200-0400 h) every day for 2 wk, the plasma glucose and insulin responses were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) at night (2200-2400 h) than in the daytime (1000-1200 h). In rats that had been fed during the daytime (1000-1600 h), the plasma glucose and insulin responses were greater in the daytime than at night (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that the diurnal variations in the plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose load are closely related to the feeding schedule on which the rats are kept. PMID- 6990788 TI - Developmental aspects of the fetal renal response to exogenous arginine vasopressin. PMID- 6990787 TI - Membrane mechanisms for transepithelial amino acid absorption and secretion. AB - Although amino acids are normally almost completely absorbed by the proximal nephron, specific amino acids may also exhibit active secretion under the appropriate circumstances. This brief review examines details of the influx and efflux transport processes across both lumina and basolateral membranes of the proximal tubule and through the paracellular pathway as determinants of the direction and rate of transepithelial amino acid transport. Net absorption depends upon active uptake from the lumen into tubular cells by cotransport with Na+. At least some proximal tubule cells also actively accumulate amino acids from their peritubular environment by active transport across basolateral membranes. The net direction of transepithelial movement depends on the relative rates of passive amino acid exit from the cell across luminal and basolateral membranes. Since exit across the basolateral membrane appears to be facilitated whereas luminal exit is not, normally net absorption occurs. The minimum luminal amino acid concentration and excretion rate are also dependent on a relatively low paracellular amino acid permeability, especially in the latest segments of the proximal nephron where the transepithelial concentration gradient is the greatest. PMID- 6990791 TI - Accuracy of methods for calculating cerebral blood flow from intracarotid xenon 133 injection. AB - The accuracy of the three commonly used methods, the initial slope analysis, the stochastic analysis, and the compartmental analysis, for calculating mean cerebral blood flow from xenon-133 clearance curves was studied with the use of computer-generated and real curves. The accuracy of calculation was affected by the cutoff time of the curve, by the level of the compartmental blood flows to white and gray matter and by the ratio of these flow levels, by the relative weight of gray matter, and by the choice of the method of calculation. None of the methods was clearly superior to the others. Each had its own defects that render it more or less suitable for different situations. All three methods generally overestimated mean cerebral blood flow. This overestimation was greater the lower the flow. A curve-fitting index was devised which can be used to check the validity of the bicompartmental model when using compartmental analysis. This same index can provide, though not always, an estimate of the error in the calculation of mean cerebral blood flow when an optimization method is used. PMID- 6990789 TI - Role of neural pathways in renin response to intravascular volume expansion. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the physiological importance of cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents in controlling renin release during perturbations in blood volume. Intravascular volume of chloralose anesthetized dogs was expanded by 7.5 ml/kg body wt, with an isotonic isoncotic solution containing 3% dextran for colloid. Volume expansion resulted in a 50% decline in renin secretion. However, volume expansion after bilateral cervical vagotomy, the proposed afferent limb of the reflex, also suppressed renin release. In another group of animals, the left kidney was surgically denervated and the right kidney extirpated, and again infusion suppressed resin release. In all groups, the infusion significantly suppressed renin release when compared to each dog's own control period, as well as when compared to the corresponding time controls. Our data indicate that the renin response to intravascular volume expansion was not mediated solely by the vagi or renal nerves. A combination of intrarenal factors may, however, have been responsible for the suppression of renin release observed. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the renin angiotensin system is an efferent limb of the cardiopulmonary reflex during adjustments to alterations in blood volume. PMID- 6990786 TI - Effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and its blockade on glucose turnover in man. AB - Epinephrine (50 ng . kg-1 . min-1) was infused for 120 min in seven normal volunteers alone (combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation), with propranolol (alpha-adrenergic stimulation), and with propranolol plus phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic blockade superimposed on alpha-adrenergic stimulation). During alpha-adrenergic stimulation, plasma glucose and glucose production increased 32 and 42% less, respectively, than during infusion of epinephrine alone, whereas glucose clearance was suppressed comparably. Plasma insulin decreased during alpha-adrenergic stimulation but increased during infusion of epinephrine alone. Plasma epinephrine was threefold greater during infusion of epinephrine plus propranolol than during infusion of epinephrine alone. When alpha-adrenergic blockade was superimposed on alpha-adrenergic stimulation, the increases in plasma glucose and glucose production as well as the decreases in plasma insulin and glucose clearance observed during alpha adrenergic stimulation were virtually abolished, whereas plasma epinephrine levels were unaltered. These results indicate that in man epinephrine can cause hyperglycemia via both alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of glucose production and suppression of glucose clearance, either directly or indirectly. alpha-Adrenergic effects on glucose production and clearance may be mediated by inhibition of insulin secretion. PMID- 6990790 TI - Direct pulmonary vascular responses to prostaglandins in the conscious newborn lamb. AB - The effects of prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 on pulmonary vascular tone were investigated in normoxic and hypoxic unsedated newborn lambs with chronically implanted flow probes around right and left pulmonary arteries. Prostaglandins were injected into only one pulmonary artery, and direct effects of the compounds were determined by comparing the flow changes in the injected vs. the uninjected lung. PGD2 and PGF2 alpha were direct pulmonary vasoconstrictors, whereas PGE1, PGE2 and PGI2 were direct pulmonary dilators. Hypoxia augmented the vasodilation of PGE1 and PGI2 and diminished the constriction of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha; it also lowered the threshold for PGI2 induced dilation. While the E-type prostaglandins and PGI2 were both local dilators, they differed in that the systemic dilatory effects of the E-type agents exceeded their pulmonary effects, whereas the opposite occurred with PGI2. These results demonstrate that prostaglandins can act locally on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle tone in vivo and that the level of oxygenation or base line vascular tone influences the pulmonary vascular responses to the PGs. Among the dilator prostaglandins, PGI2 appears to be more effective on the pulmonary rather than the systemic vascular bed under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 6990792 TI - Physical causality and brain theories. AB - The history of deterministic theories in physics is reviewed, and four levels of determinism are found: 1) absolute, 2) asymptotic, 3) probabilistic, and 4) absolute indeterminism. Nagel's view that all causal laws are deterministic in the frame of the state descriptions to which they refer is acknowledged, but the inevitability of macroscopic measurement noise may hint that dynamical laws are innately noisy. Quantum mechanical effects are not the noise source. Symmetry and broken symmetry are introduced as physical concepts that can account both for lawfulness, and for the hierarchical nature of the universe. Physical ideas are chosen over those of formal systems with indirect self-reference as the basis of a global theory of brains. By exclusion it is concluded that only a statistical thermodynamics, combined with nonlinear mechanics, has the features needed for theorizing about brains in a physical sense. Quantum mechanics is judged not to be relevant. New statistical thermodynamic theories are briefly described, and their strengths and weaknesses noted. The question, "Why should neuroscience look to physics for its theories?" is raised and answered. Some concrete objectives for a program of theoretical research are stated. PMID- 6990793 TI - Preferential resynthesis of muscle glycogen in fasting rats after exhausting exercise. AB - Despite carbohydrate starvation (fasting or fat feeding) considerable glycogen accumulation, ranging from 20 to 30 mumol glucose/g, occurred in hindlimb muscles of rats following exhausting exercise that caused severe muscle and liver glycogen depletion and hypoglycemia. The largest increase in muscle glycogen occurred during the first 3 h after exercise when plasma levels of glucagon and epinephrine were very high and insulin concentration was low. The concentrations of glycogen attained in different hindlimb muscles in the fasting and fat-fed animals were between 50 and 100% of the values found in rats fed carbohydrate after the exhausting exercise. In rats fed carbohydrate following exercise, liver glycogen accumulation greatly exceeds muscle glycogen accumulation. A remarkable difference in the response of liver glycogen was seen in the carbohydrate starved rats. In contrast to the rapid increase in muscle glycogen, liver glycogen was still essentially completely depleted in the fasting and fat-fed rats 24 h after exercise. This indicates that the glucose made available via gluconeogenesis was preferentialy channeled away from liver glycogen synthesis into muscle glycogen. PMID- 6990794 TI - Hepatic modulation of insulin-induced gastric acid secretion and EMG activity in rats. AB - Intravenous infusions of fructose, a hexose that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, suppressed insulin-induced gastric acid secretion and electromyographic (EMG) activity despite continuing hypoglycemia. Hepatic portal vein infusions of 0.15 M fructose inhibited acid output while the same concentration delivered via the jugular vein did not, suggesting a hepatic site of action of the hexose. Only infusions of fructose that began before onset of the insulin-induced gastric responses were effective, whereas glucose infusions, which elevated plasma glucose levels, readily reversed ongoing gastric activity. The suppressive effects of fructose on gastric activity were prevented by prior section of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve. In contrast, hepatic vagotomy did not prevent suppression of gastric responses by infusions of glucose, a hexose utilized by both brain and liver. These results suggest that receptors in the brain may initiate and terminate insulin-induced gastric acid secretion and motor activity, whereas sensors in the liver may inhibit these responses. PMID- 6990795 TI - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in potassium control. AB - To determine the importance of the renin-angiotensin system in control of plasma potassium concentration and excretion, potassium control was studied in two groups of dogs in response to a 20-fold increase in sodium intake (from 10 to 200 meq/day). Group I was intact whereas group II lacked feedback control of the renin-angiotensin system, which was eliminated by continuous infusion of 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 angiotensin II. This rate of infusion reduced endogenous plasma renin activity (PRA) to undetectable levels throughout the study. The sodium forcing did not result in measurable changes in plasma potassium concentration or excretion in group I, in which PRA fell to 40% and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to 60% of the low sodium levels. In group II the same sodium forcing produced a 12% decrease in plasma potassium concentration and a 79% increase in urinary potassium excretion. PAC also fell to 60% of the low sodium level in group II. The results demonstrate the importance of the renin angiotensin system as a link between the nephron and the zona glomerulosa that is essential in controlling plasma potassium concentration and excretion during changes in sodium balance. PMID- 6990796 TI - Comparison of storage- and signal-limited models of pancreatic insulin secretion. AB - Kinetic patterns of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the in vitro perfused pancreas were used to test different types of secretion models of similar complexity. A storage-limited, two-compartment model, modified slightly from that previously, was compared with signal-limited models incorporating delta or feedback characteristics. Mathematical relationships for all models were fixed by single-step, dose-response experiments and models were compared in a series of glucose test patterns including steps, step restimulations, staircases, pulses, ramps, and ramp restimulations. The work quantifies previously unreported characteristics of hypersensitivity and low-glucose rest/restimulation behavior in the pancreas. All models simulated staircase and ramp experiments. The two compartment model contains an inherent hypersensitivity factor required for repeated pulse-type experiments. However, the kinetics of hypersensitivity were too rapid to be simulated in all types of pulse and ramp/pulse experiments by the restricted refilling characteristics as written into this model. The signal limited, delta-feedback model did not inherently produce potentiation, but required add-on modification that then more closely simulated some pulse and ramp/pulse experiments. This model simulated experimental negative spikes, whereas the storage-limited model would require additional complexity to do so. These and other results suggest that both storage- and signal-limited models, although currently insufficient, could be elaborated to simulate available data. Therefore, a choice between the two to describe the underlying physiological mechanism of multiphasic insulin secretion is premature. The alternate possibility that the secretion mechanism may be reflected by a combination of the two models is presented. PMID- 6990797 TI - Water flux in animals: analysis of potential errors in the tritiated water method. AB - Laboratory studies indicate that tritiated water measurements of water flux are accurate to within -7 to +4% in mammals, but errors are larger in some reptiles. However, under conditions that can occur in field studies, errors may be much greater. Influx of environmental water vapor via lungs and skin can cause errors exceeding +/- 50% in some circumstances. If water flux rates in an animal vary through time, errors approach +/- 15% in extreme situations, but are near +/- 3% in more typical circumstances. Errors due to fractional evaporation of tritiated water may approach -9%. This error probably varies between species. Use of an inappropriate equation for calculating water flux from isotope data can cause errors exceeding +/- 100%. The following sources of error are either negligible or avoidable: use of isotope dilution space as a measure of body water volume, loss of nonaqueous tritium bound to excreta, binding of tritium with nonaqueous substances in the body, radiation toxicity effects, and small analytical errors in isotope measurements. Water flux rates measured with tritiated water may be expected to be within +/- 10% of actual flux rates in most situations. PMID- 6990798 TI - The clinical application of tricyclic antidepressant pharmacokinetics and plasma levels. AB - The authors present a clinical approach for predicting and using plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depressed patients. They review the pharmacokinetics of this group of drugs and their side effects and toxicity. There is a suggested therapeutic range for plasma concentrations of imipramine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline; more definitive studies are needed to determine the necessary plasma levels for achieving clinical response with the other tricyclic antidepressants (desmethylimipramine, protriptyline, doxepin, clomipramine, impiramine N-oxide, and butriptyline). A more thorough knowledge of the clinical pharmacokinetics of tricyclic antidepressants should lead to more rational use of these drugs, with a higher response rate and fewer adverse reactions. PMID- 6990799 TI - The consciousness disciplines and the behavioral sciences: questions of comparison and assessment. AB - In recent years a number of assessments of the non-Western consciousness disciplines have been undertaken by Western behavioral scientists. The author suggests that a variety of conceptual, methodological, experimential, and content inadequacies render the conclusions of these investigations of doubtful validity. He then describes the models of human nature postulated by these disciplines and the Western behavioral sciences, suggesting that comparing them results in a paradigm clash. The failure to recognize this clash seems to have resulted in inappropriate pathologizing interpretations. Attention is drawn to the relevance of recent findings in state-dependent learning, meditation studies, peak and transcendental experiences, transpersonal psychology, and quantum physics to an assessment of the consciousness disciplines, and suggestions for more adequate investigation are provided. PMID- 6990801 TI - Gaining control: reform, reimbursement and politics in New York's community hospitals, 1890--1915. AB - This is an historical study of an early twentieth century political struggle regarding hospital reimbursement in New York City. During a period called the "Progressive Era" (1895--1915), administrators in the City's Comptroller's office sought to gain control over small, locally run community hospitals by dismantling the long-standing practice of flat-grant payments to institutions. Central office planners felt that these payments gave too much control to trustees. In its place, the Comptroller initiated a system of per-capita, per-diem reimbursement. Inspectors now judged for the institutions which services and which clients were appropriate for municipal reimbursement. From the perspective of the Comptroller's office, this change was an attempt to put rationality into the system of municipal support for charitable institutions. From the perspective of trustees and community representatives, however, this change was a political attack on the rights of institutions and local communities to control their own fate. Within the context of the larger Progressive Era "good government" movement to centralize decision-making in the hands of experts who believed strongly in the efficiency of larger institutions, it was generally the smallest, most financially troubled community institutions which felt the brunt of these changes. PMID- 6990800 TI - Providers and receivers in the private psychiatric Medicaid system. AB - The authors investigated the credentials of foreign medical graduate (FMG) and U.S. medical graduate (USMG) psychiatrists providing a substantial amount of Medicaid care and compared them with those of a group of other psychiatric practitioners in New York City. USMGs were more likely to be Board certified, but FMGs were as likely to have APA membership, psychoanalytic training, medical school and hopsital affiliation, and fellowships. The credentials of the Medicaid psychiatrists and the group of New York psychiatrists were similar. Hispanic FMG psychiatrists provided a major service for the Spanish-speaking community, but the poor black population underused Medicaid services. Diagnosis did not appear to be influenced by racial bias. PMID- 6990802 TI - Hearing loss and the high speed dental handpiece. AB - A pure tone air conduction audiometric evaluation was administered to 137 dentists and 80 physicians. The physicians were found to have better hearing threshold levels, notably in the 4000HZ center frequency range. The left ear of right handed dentists showed a greater loss of hearing ostensibly related to proximity to the noise source. Dental specialists showed a loss pattern similar to those of the general dentists. The findings suggest that there may be a cause and effect relationship between hearing loss and use of the highspeed dental handpiece. PMID- 6990803 TI - John L. Marshall, D.V.M., M.D., 1936--1980. PMID- 6990804 TI - Raffaele Lattes, M.D. PMID- 6990805 TI - Primary histiocytic lymphoma of bone: a light and ultrastructural study of four cases. AB - The light and ultrastructural features of primary histiocytic lymphoma of bone are indistinguishable from similar studies of respective cell types of nodular and diffuse large cell nodular and extranodal lymphomas. These ultrastructural features add further support to their lymphocytic histogenesis. There was no relationship between increasing nuclear clefts and convolutions in individual cases and the ultrastructural presence of increasing "histiocytic" features. Primary histiocytic lymphoma of bone is not a completely uniform monomorphic tumor cell population, but may vary in percentage of large noncleaved, large cleaved, large convoluted lymphocytic, histiocytic, and small atypical lymohocytic cells. Detailed study of four cases enabled division into two primary subgroups: Type I, consisting of a predominance of large noncleaved cells; and Type II, consisting of a mixture of cleaved, noncleaved, and convoluted cells. Further cases are being studied to determine whether these two groups are distinct or merely represent part of a continuous spectrum of cellular pleomorphism. In contrast to nodal lymphomas, there is no evidence at this time that proportional variations in the tumor cell population bear any relationship to biologic behavior or survival. Glycogen may be present in histiocytic lymphomas but was very rare (less than 1% total cells). Therefore, this feature as an isolated observation will not differentiate histiocytic lymphoma from Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 6990806 TI - Minimal deviation melanoma with epidermotropic metastases arising in a congenital nevus. AB - A congenital nevus removed from a 20-year-old woman was found to contain a minimum deviation melanoma. Subsequently, there were multiple nodular recurrences in the region of the excision as well as in the grafted skin. Microscopically the recurrent lesions closely resembled the original nevus, including the junctional activity and even the grafted skin. Lymph node metastasis occurred 5 1/2 years after excision of the nevus. This is the first report of a minimal deviation melanoma arising in a congenital nevus with epidermotropic metastases. PMID- 6990807 TI - [Climacteric period (a question of terminology)]. PMID- 6990809 TI - [Search for reliable criteria of the symptomatics (the example of dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages in the climacteric period)]. PMID- 6990810 TI - [Creative activities of A. P. Gubarev (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6990808 TI - [Clinical study results with the vaginal contraceptive preparation, traceptin]. PMID- 6990811 TI - [In memoriam Aleksandr Germanovich Pap]. PMID- 6990812 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 6990813 TI - [Postcoital contraception]. PMID- 6990814 TI - A clinical perspective of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. PMID- 6990815 TI - An animal model of the fetal alcohol syndrome in beagles. PMID- 6990817 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome in Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine. PMID- 6990816 TI - Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: an epidemiologic study. PMID- 6990818 TI - Effects of maternal alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development at eight months. AB - Infant mental and motor development at 8 mo of age is significantly related to maternal alcohol use during early pregnancy. Data on 462 infants were analyzed with multiple regression techniques, adjusting for effects of nicotine, caffeine, gestational age, parity, and maternal education. Other possible intervening variables were evaluated and not found to explain the results. This study presents further evidence that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy at levels of about four drinks per day and above has an adverse effect on offspring, even in a sample that is basically low risk. PMID- 6990819 TI - Effect of ethanol and ethanol-induced hypothermia on protein synthesis in pregnant and fetal rats. PMID- 6990820 TI - Reduction of alcohol consumption during pregnancy with benefits to the newborn. AB - Among a group of 69 pregnant women who drank heavily, 25 reduced alcohol consumption before the third trimester. Infants born to these women showed less growth retardation than did infants born to 44 women who continued to drink heavily throughout the pregnancy. Analysis of other risk factors showed little effect on outcome when third trimester drinking patterns were held constant, Identification and counseling of heavy-drinking pregnent women should provide benefits for both the mother and her newborn. PMID- 6990821 TI - Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: a model program. AB - This article describes a new 3-yr demonstration program, funded by NIAAA, to intervene in female alcohol abuse during pregnancy and to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6990822 TI - Further evidence for a continuum-of-impairment encompassing male alcoholic Korsakoff patients and chronic alcoholic men. AB - A battery of challening tests was used to assess learning ability and short-term memory in groups of detoxified chronic alcoholics with and without complaints of memory impairment, alcoholic Korsakoff patients, and nonalcoholic controls. While alcoholics without memory complaints did not differ from controls on standardized clinical memory tests, their performance was significantly impaired on our more demanding experimental tests. In contrast, the performance of alcoholics reporting memory complaints was impaired, relative to the other alcoholics, on both clinical and experimental memory tests, overlapping that of the alcoholig Korsakoff patients. These results are consonant with Ryback's continuum-of impairment hypothesis. PMID- 6990824 TI - Hepatic drug metabolism and anesthesia. AB - Anesthetic agents, including most inhalation anesthetics, the barbiturates, narcotics, local anesthetic amides and curare-like compounds are metabolized inside the liver cell. Consequently, drug metabolism in the liver has become an increasingly important consideration in the practice of anesthesiology. Hepatic metabolism is, first and foremost, a mechanism that converts drugs and other compounds into products that are more easily excreted and that usually have a lower pharmacologic activity than the partent compound. Thus, duration and intensity of drug action are limited. However, there are exceptions. In certain instances a metabolite may have higher activity and/or greater toxicity than the original drug. Intrahepatic metabolism hinges upon the oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by a group of mixed oxidases, the P-450 cytochromes. Their concentration and activity can be enhanced by certain drugs or environmental chemicals that are ingested by the individual. This usually is beneficial, in that this mechanism of enzyme induction promotes the detoxification of pharmaca, which is the normal aspect of drug metabolism. If, however, the normal metabolite is more toxic than the parent compound, or there exists an alternate, abnormal metabolic pathway that produces a toxic metabolite, then enzyme induction may have serious consequences. Inorganic fluoride is a normal metabolite of methoxyflurane. It is responsible for the high-output renal failure that can be observed after anesthesia with this inhalation agent. A patient with induced enzyme activity is especially at risk to develop methoxyflurane-related renal failure. The picture of halothane toxicity is not as clear. There are indications that an abnormal metabolite, produced in sufficient quantities via an alternate pathway with induced enzyme activity, may be capable of causing liver damage. PMID- 6990823 TI - Altered immunity in male patients with alcoholic liver disease: evidence for defective immune regulation. AB - We sought evidence for altered immunity in patients with alcoholic liver disease, and we correlated the observed immunologic abnormalities with the extent of histologically proven liver disease. Total circulating lymphocytes and the absolute number of T lymphocytes were decreased in alcoholics (p less than 0.01) compared to controls. Immunoglobulins G and A were elevated significantly (p less than 0.05) in alcoholic patients with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis compared to controls and alcoholics without liver histopathology. In alcoholics with fibrosis or cirrhosis at time of admission, IgE levels were also elevated (p less than 0.01) but decreased 50% during hospitalization. Forty-eight percent of the patients with alcoholic liver disease had antibodies to small bowel epithelium, and 33% had antibodies to fibroblast cytoplasm. In addition, we found that alcoholics immunized with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide responded with significantly elevated (p less than 0.025) antibody titers compared to hospitalized controls. In aggregate, these findings in patients with alcoholic liver disease are consistent with a defect in immune regulation. PMID- 6990825 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins. PMID- 6990826 TI - Radioiodination of microgram quantities of ribosomal proteins from polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6990827 TI - Colorimetric assay of penicillin amidase activity using phenylacetyl-aminobenzoic acid as substrate. PMID- 6990828 TI - High-sensitivity sequence determination of proteins quantitatively recovered from sodium dodecyl sulfate gels using an improved electrodialysis procedure. PMID- 6990829 TI - Iodotyrosylation of peptides using tertiary-Butyloxycarbonyl-L-[125I]iodotyrosine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. PMID- 6990830 TI - Spermagglutinating antibodies: a comparison of three different techniques. AB - In 136 patients tests were performed to demonstrate circulating spermagglutinating antibodies. In patients with "unexplained" infertility (15 cases) antibodies were demonstrated in six (40%) whereas in patients where another cause for infertility was present (101 cases) additional positive spermagglutinating antibodies were demonstrated in 15 (15%). In the 21 cases with spermagglutinating antibodies the Friberg test was positive in 17 cases (81%), the Kibrick test in 14 cases (67%) and the Franklin-Dukes test in four cases (19%). PMID- 6990831 TI - Cell-mediated antisperm immunity in selected forms of male infertility. AB - Leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMT) with semipurified spermatozoal antigen was carried out in two groups: normal males (fertile subjects before vasectomy; normal volunteers) and selected forms of male infertility. The percent positivity to the LMT in all the pathological groups considered, compared with controls positivity in only one out of 40 cases and only at the highest concentrations of Ag, stresses the important role played by cell-mediated antisperm immunity in male infertility. No characteristic seminal pattern was observed in the patients with positive LMT, probably on account of the particular selection of the patients studied. Finally, no significant correlation between humoral and cell mediated antisperm immunity was observed, at least not in these selected series of patients. PMID- 6990833 TI - [Siamese twins: anesthesia, pre-per- and post-operative care (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate the anesthetic and pre-, per- and post-operative care problems they had to meet with six pairs of siamese twins separated at the Hopital des Enfants Malades (Paris), between 1960 and 1978. 77 cases of such anomalies have been reported since the beginning of the XXth century. The authors point out the importance of: 1) a precise pre-operative assessment of the anatomo- and physiopathological status of the conjoined twins, 2) an outstanding technical organization, 3) a medical and nursing team specialized in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care to face with the predictable and unpredictable problems which may occur, specially those which the clinical and paraclinical investigations have not been able to discover before the operation. PMID- 6990832 TI - Asymptomatic bacteriospermia in infertile men. AB - The aerobic and anaerobic flora of the semen was examined in 109 men visiting our infertility clinic. Not one specimen was sterile and 107 specimens contained two or more different bacterial species. Anaerobic organisms were found in 63.3% of specimens. We were able to isolate various organisms that have been shown to be spermicidal in vitro (viridans and hemolytic streptococci, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli) from a large number of samples. If the presence of microorganisms in the semen is associated with infertility, it is likely that only certain organisms are involved or that the numbers of organisms must be high for an effect to be seen. The presence of organisms in the semen may also be related to gynecologic infections. PMID- 6990834 TI - Role of sinoaortic baroreceptors in initiating the renal response to continuous positive-pressure ventilation in the dog. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the role of cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents and sinoaortic baroreceptors in initiating the reflex antidiuresis and antinatriuresis during continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV). CPPV was applied to 18 dogs: seven control, five that underwent bilateral vagotomy; and six that underwent sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation. The dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital, paralyzed with succinylcholine, and their lungs were mechanically ventilated with a volume ventilator. Renal function and systemic hemodynamics were monitored by clearance methods and pressures, respectively. After two 30-min control periods of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), CPPV using 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure was applied for two 30-min experimental periods. Three 30-min recovery periods of IPPV followed. In dogs of the control group and vagotomy group, CPPV caused statistically significant decreases from control levels in urinary flow, sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate. However, in the dogs of the sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation group, CPPV did not produce any significant change in these variables. Therefore, the results do not support the hypothesis that cardiopulmonary receptors mediate the renal response to CPPV. Rather, the data indicate that the aortic arch and carotid sinus baroreceptors participate in initiating the reflex antidiuresis and antinatriuresis during CPPV. PMID- 6990835 TI - Leg lift and maximum inspiratory force, clinical signs of neuromuscular blockade reversal in neonates and infants. PMID- 6990836 TI - The effect of cardiac output on arterial blood oxygenation. PMID- 6990837 TI - [Prof. Vladimir L'vovich Vanevskii (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6990839 TI - Expectorants and antitussive agents: are they helpful? PMID- 6990838 TI - Renal-portal shunt to restore normal reninism and blood pressure in experimental renovascular hypertension in dogs. AB - The role of the liver in the metabolism of renin was evaluated in dogs with high plasma renin and hypertension due to experimental bilateral renal artery stenosis. Ten adult dogs were studied in three consecutive phases: (1) basal conditions, (2) with bilateral ischemic kidneys, and (3) after derivation of renal vein blood into the portal system. Secretion, total clearance, hepatic clearance, and hapatic extraction of renin were estimated in each phase by measuring plasma renin activity (PRA) in blood collected simultaneously from arteries, inferior vena cava, vena porta, hepatic and renal veins, and by determining renal and hepatic blood flow. Blood pressure was measured by intra arterial catheterization. The results demonstrated an increase in the hepatic metabolism of renin when the hyper-reninemic patterns of renal blood directly perfused the liver. Under these conditions, hepatic and circulating renin fell to basal values and blood pressure returned to normal. PMID- 6990840 TI - [Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (author's transl)]. AB - Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3. ; formerly EC 4.2.1.63) catalyse the hydration of epoxides into trans dihydro-diols, easily excretable hydrophil compounds. It is an enzyme with very wide specificity for monosubstituted oxiranes, or cis disubstituted oxiranes. It is inactive on polysubstituted epoxides. The hydration is stereospecific with the attack of a carbon S and inversion of the configuration to give a dihydro-diol (R,R). Epoxide hydrolase was purified from microsomes of rat and human liver. It is a hydrophobic protein of molecular weight 49 000, the presence of which may be shown immunochemically or enzymatically in numerous organs. Its insertion in the microsomal membranes renders difficult precise kinetic studies. The enzyme concentration is high, which compensates an average catalytic power. The role of epoxide hydrolase is ambiguous : in general, it protects against reactive electrophilic spoxides, but it is also an agent of toxic activation in the case of polycyclic hydrocarbons with a bay region. PMID- 6990841 TI - [The main protein on the surface of the normal fibroblast (author's transl)]. AB - In a general review, the authors discuss present knowledge on the main protein on the surface of the normal fibroblast, fibronectin. The peculiarities of this glycoprotein (localisation at the level of the cell surface, importance of thiol groups in the structure and expression of certain of its properties, reduction of the cells transformed by oncogenic viruses) are considered. The relationships which they may present with a plasma protein, cold insoluble globulin, are discussed together with the important role which they seem to play in the phenomena of cell adhesiveness. PMID- 6990842 TI - The glutathione S-transferases: their role in detoxification and toxification of xenobiotics. AB - In the first part, the biosynthesis of mercapturic acids is described and attention is payed to the source of the cysteine moiety in those acids, namely glutathione. The second part deals with the present state of knowledge concerning the conjugation of xenobiotics with glutathione, catalyzed by the several several enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase system. The role of the glutathione S transfereases in the metabolism of xenobiotics is the subject of the third part, emphasizing their functions in detoxification : enzymatical catalysis with glutathione, reversible binding to hydrophobic compounds, and covalent binding to reactive electrophiles. Finally, a recent hypothesis is described with respect to the activation of vicinal dihalogen compounds to reactive agents. PMID- 6990844 TI - Simultaneous multiple organ perfusion and transplantation. AB - This study demonstrates that multiple organ perfusion (kidney, heart, and pancreas) for 24 hours is a satisfactory method for transplantation. There was no evidence of perfusion damage by functional or histologic parameters. The potential clinical application of these findings is evident. PMID- 6990843 TI - [Development of the mono-oxygenase system. Implications in perinatal pharmacotoxicology (author's transl)]. AB - The hepatic or extra-hepatic mono-oxygenase activities ensure the metabolism of exogenic hydrophobic substances (xenobiotics) and endogenic substances (steroids). These substances easily cross the placenta ; it is of primary importance to know perfectly their possible transformation at the level of the foetus together with their excretion from the foetal compartment. We summarise here the data in the literature which describe the development of the mono oxygenase system and the microsomal enzyme activities of phase II (epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase) both in the laboratory animal and in the human foetus. The influence of various factors (exogenic inducers, endogenic hormones) on the development of these activities is also reported. Although a conclusion is difficult concerning the present state of our knowledge, the main pharmacotoxicological consequences of the development of mono-oxygenasic activities are considered. PMID- 6990845 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. IV. Discrimination and classification. AB - When observed data have to be assigned to one or another category, classification rules are needed. Linear discriminant functions provide easily computed rules; weighing the discriminat function according to the variances in the data sets helps reduce classification errors. Classification on the basis of a probability density involves nonlinear decision boundaries. Simple numerical examples for bivariate feature vectors are worked out to demonstrate these approaches to classification. PMID- 6990846 TI - FAZYTAN: a system for fast automated cell segmentation, cell image analysis and feature extraction based on TV-image pickup and parallel processing. AB - Cell location, segmentation and feature extraction of cell images are principal tasks of a high-resolution system for automated cytology. To perform these tasks with high speed, image processing algorithms and the architecture of a processor have to be optimized mutually. This has led to the development of a fast system for the evaluation of cytologic samples based on an optimized TV microscope, a host minicomputer with different peripheral array processors and digital image storages. The processors are optimized in speed for two-dimensional local operations to investigate neighborhood relations and morphology in cell images. Two-dimensional transformations of TV images (288 x 512 x 8 bit) can be carried out within 20 to 200 msec. The processors are able to realize linear filter functions (correlation, convolution) as well as nonlinear functions (median filtering). A set of measurements like area, circumference and connectivity can be derived parallely from one image in 20 msec. The system performs efficient and fast detection and segmentation of cells scanned in one TV frame within one second as well as the extraction of a large number of morphologic features within a few seconds. Based on these procedures, high-resolution analysis of several thousand cells of a sample within one minute will be possible. PMID- 6990847 TI - LEYTAS: a system for the processing of microscopic images. AB - The Leyden Television Analysis System, LETYAS, consists of a number of hardwired modules for the processing of images at television speed. Incorporating a high degree of flexibility, LEYTAS is well suited to various fields of biomedical research. This paper described the hardware configuration of the system and the software program, TAL, which has been developed to allow a flexible and interactive control of all the hardwired options. Some examples are given to illustrate the possibilities of LEYTAS. PMID- 6990848 TI - Urinary cytology: device capabilities and requirements. AB - The practical and theoretical considerations leading to the automated diagnostic assessment of cells in the urinary sediment by a computer-based, high-resolution system are discussed. Problems of sample preparations, sample-size requirements, coefficients of variation and computer-generated features are summarized. There are no major theoretical obstacles to achieving a workable system for the diagnosis of high-grade urothelial cancer by the proposed approach. PMID- 6990849 TI - Flow cytometry of isolated cells from the brain. AB - Cells isolated from rat and bovine brain were analyzed on a two-parameter, flowing, cell-sorting system. All preparations of rat neurons and bovine oligodendroglia were found to transverse the flowing system intact. Rat neurons were successfully maintained in culture medium for several days after passage through the sorter. With the use of low-angle light-scatter measurements, bovine oligodendroglial populations which had been maintained in culture medium for several days were sorted into two cell populations: phase-bright cells, which exhibited bright fluorescence after incubating with fluoresceindiacetate, and phase-dark cells, which were dark in fluorescence. In addition, morphologically heterogeneous rat neuron populations were separated into relatively homogeneous subpopulations. Bovine oligodendroglia and rat neurons exhibited autofluorescence which appears to be related to the flavoproteins within the cells. The autofluorescence of neurons increased dramatically during the first few days of maintenance and approached a plateau after four to five days. An enriched population of oligodendroglia was obtained from mixed cell populations of rat brain. PMID- 6990850 TI - The circular excision. AB - A simple, practical alternative to the traditional method of excising small cutaneous lesions is described. It has the advantages of decreased length of final closure and flexibility in determining the orientation of final incisions in areas where it may be difficult to accurately determine skin tension lines. PMID- 6990851 TI - The burned female breast. AB - Historically, treatment of the burned female breast has been unsatisfactory. By using the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, many patients can be reconstructed in a single operation. A more aggressive approach in adolescent patients whose breasts are developing may result in more normal breasts. In such patients, nipple reconstruction is delayed until a later time. PMID- 6990852 TI - Scarlet red. AB - Scarlet red-impregnated gauze is commonly used by plastic surgeons on granulating surfaces to promote epithelialization. Its mode of action is not fully understood. PMID- 6990853 TI - Lower extremity replant--a preliminary report. AB - The amputated lower right extremity of an 11-year-old girl, severed 10 cm above the knee, was reimplanted on New Year's Eve, 1978. Three skin grafting procedures were required. Seven months later, all wounds healed. There was callus formation at the fracture site and soft tissue contracture at the amputation level. The patient is up and about on a partial weight-bearing brace with a molded foam shoe to protect her foot. There is excellent circulation in the entire lower extremity. At 6 months postinjury, cable sural nerve grafts for sciatic nerve repair were done elsewhere. This will be the subject of a subsequent report. PMID- 6990855 TI - Free omental transfer to the lower limbs. AB - Utilization of a free omental transfer with a skin graft in two lower limbs for soft tissue and skin cover in difficult situations is reported. In 1 patient, it was used to cover open and damaged joints around the ankle, and in the other, for the reconstruction of a circumferential defect in a lower limb. The results were quite satisfactory. PMID- 6990856 TI - Different letters from the past 2) Tobias Smollett to William Hunter. PMID- 6990854 TI - A simple method for the correction of senile entropion. AB - The authors describe a simple method for surgical correction of senile entropion that is a modification of the Jones, Reeh, and Tsujimura technique. The modification consists in the use of the classic blepharoplasty incision, dissection of a skin flap, and resection of a strip from the orbicularis oculi. After the resection of excess skin, suturing begins--passing through skin, septum, and skin, correcting the deformity on the lash border. The anatomy of the region is discussed, as well as the etiology of the condition and preoperative management. The result of this technique in 26 patients with senile entropion is described. There were no complications after twelve- to thirty-month follow-up, save in 1 case in which a hematoma occurred. This was subsequently drained. PMID- 6990858 TI - Cholecystography, intravenous cholegraphy or ultrasonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. A controlled comparative study. PMID- 6990857 TI - Management of vaginal agenesis. AB - Long-term results obtained through different methods of treatment were analysed in a series of 39 patients with congenital absence of the vagina. Thirty-three patients were treated with the McIndoe skin graft technique, 6 of them by the modification of Counseller and Davis. In three patients the neovagina was grafted with amnion and three were treated with the Frank nonoperative method. The result was graded good in 27 and satisfactory in 11 patients. In one patient the McIndoe operation resulted in a complete failure. There was no obvious difference between the results obtained by different methods except for the modification of Counseller and Davis which gave a good result in all cases. Judging from the general appearance and cytological pattern of the artificial vagina a more physiological result was achieved in patients with an amnion graft as compared with those with a skin graft. The nonoperative method is suggested as the first alternative in the treatment of patients with congenital absence of the vagina. PMID- 6990859 TI - The penetration of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim into the prostate gland, epididymis and testis in man. AB - Sulfadiazine (SD, 250 mg) or sulfamethoxazole (SM, 800 mg) in combination with trimethoprim (TMP, 160 mg) was given twice daily to male patients and the concentrations of these drugs were assayed simultaneously in plasma, urine and the male reproductive organs (prostate gland, epididymis and testis). The antibacterially active mean concentration of SD in the prostate was 0.33, in the epididymis 0.74 and testis 0.85 times that in the plasma. The respective values for SM were 0.21, 0.51 and 0.53 and for TMP 0.73--0.73, 179--2.00 and 1.90--2.23. This indicates that the penetration of TMP into these tissues is two-fourfold compared to that of these sulfonamides. The drug concentrations and the concentration ratios (SD/TMP, SM/TMP) obtained suggest that by standards proposed in the literature they are adequate for synergistic antibacterial action at the serum, urine and tissue levels. Although the amount of SD was only about 1/3 of that of SM it seems to be a comparable alternative with this small dosage in combination with TMP, when bacterial infections in the urinary tract or in the male reproductive organs are treated. PMID- 6990860 TI - Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: Current view of fetal lung maturity studies. PMID- 6990861 TI - The relationship between active peptic ulcer, endoscopic duodenitis and symptomatic state after treatment with cimetidine. AB - Fifty patients with active peptic ulcers on endoscopy were randomly allocated for treatment with placebo or cimetidine (1.0 g daily) over a period of four weeks. All patients had free access to antacids to relieve epigastric pain. In the cimetidine group a significantly higher proportion of the ulcers had healed (82.6% of the patients) compared with the placebo group (48.0%). There was poor correlation between the healing of the ulcer and dyspeptic symptoms in the placebo group. The results suggest that the presence of endoscopic duodenitis is to a great extent responsible for the dyspepsia. Cimetidine treatment, besides healing the ulcers, also improved the endoscopic duodenitis and the symptomatic state more than placebo treatment. No significant clinical side effects were observed. Chemical abnormalities were only noted with respect to serum creatinine. In the cimetidine group there was a statistically significant rise in serum creatinine, which was most apparent after two weeks of treatment. However, the increase was slight and not significant among the males, whereas in the case of the females there was a large and highly significant rise. The reason for this sex difference is at present unknown. PMID- 6990862 TI - Organization and topography of sensory responses in the internal capsule and nucleus ventralis caudalis found during stereotactic surgery. AB - With the aid of a computer graphic technique, data gathered from exploratory stimulation of the diencephalon in 130 stereotactic operative procedures indicate that some sensory fibers in the capsule are parallel to motor fibers at basal thalamic levels and occupy a position medial to motor fibers. In addition, stimulus responses which probably represent thalamocortical projections from S II somesthetic thalamus were found to lie in a capsular zone rostral to the motor bundle. The organization of S I somesthetic thalamus was found to agree with the previous finding of Tasker et al. and some of these fibers project within the motor bundle to cortical motor areas. PMID- 6990863 TI - Semielectronic turbidimeter for automated monitoring of bacterial growth in test tubes. AB - An automated turbidimeter for measuring bacterial growth in ordinary test tubes is described. The device records and prints adsorbance, expressed as Klett units, of 60 cultures every 15 min. Provision is made for either aerobic or anaerobic incubation. The device is adaptable to modification, depending upon local requirements and availability of computation facilities. PMID- 6990864 TI - Quantitative, radial diffusion slide assay for staphylocoagulase. AB - A simple, quantitative radial diffusion assay for staphylocoagulase in culture fluids, using microscope slides coated with a thin layer of agar containing plasma and fibrinogen, was developed. No prior purification of the enzyme was needed, and only small quantities, 7 microliter, were required for each test. This method is particularly suitable for objectively comparing the relative amounts of coagulase produced by different cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6990865 TI - Applications of fluorophore-containing microbial growth media. AB - Media containing the fluorogenic compound 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid may be used to discriminate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and to differentiate between various species of bacteria. Fluorescent light emitted from colonies of gram-negative bacteria on 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid containing agar was visually more intense than that on gram-positive bacteria. The emitted light from the gram-negative bacteria differed in wave-lengths from that of light emitted by colonies of gram-positive bacteria. The fluorescent intensity of colonies on complete 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid agar supplemented with 1% of single substrates varied depending on the bacterial species, thus allowing the development of profiles used to identify 12 different species. PMID- 6990866 TI - Specific strains of Bacteroides species in human fecal flora as measured by deoxyribonucleic acid homology. AB - Membrane competition homology experiments were used to compare Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides vulgatus isolates obtained from fecal samples from different individuals and isolates obtained from fecal samples of single individuals. Isolates of B. uniformis, when isolated from different individuals, had interstrain deoxyribonucleic acid homology values that ranged from 63 to 95%, with most of the values being in the 70 to 85% range. When isolates obtained from a single individual were compared, each species was represented by one or two groups of very closely related organisms, with each group having essentially 100% interstrain homology. When strains from two groups were compared with each other, the homology values were in the same range as when organisms were isolated from different individuals. Isolates which have nearly 100% homology with each other persisted in fecal samples collected over a 5- to 6-month period. It appears that the colon of each person may be populated by bacterial strains that are specific for that individual. Somatic antigen serotyping has been used as an indicator for specific Escherichia coli strains in fecal samples. Two isolates having the same O, K, and H antigens had 99% homology, but when only O and H antigens were in common, the homology values were in the 70 to 85% range. It seems that isolates of a given serotype, when isolated from a single individual, may represent a unique strain, but isolates of a given serotype, when isolated from different individuals, probably do not. PMID- 6990867 TI - Distribution of Clostridium botulinum. AB - The distribution of Clostridium botulinum in the natural environments of Denmark, The Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and Bangladesh was examined. A total of 684 samples were tested. Type E was found in 90% of samples from the aquatic environment of Denmark, including sediments from young artificial lakes, and in 86% of samples from the marine environment of Greenland. Type E was not found in Danish cultivated soil and woodlands, including cultivated soil from reclaimed sea beds, but type B was frequently demonstrated in these environments. C. botulinum types A, B, or E were found in 2.6% of samples from the environments of the Faroe Islands and Iceland, whereas types C or D were demonstrated in 42% of samples from Bangladesh. The incidence of type E in aquatic sediments was not related to general industrial pollution or a high content of rotting vegetation. Fish or a rich aquatic fauna, on the other hand, appeared to contribute to a high incidence of type E. Based on these findings, it is suggested that type E is a true aquatic organism, because this environment offers the best conditions for survival of the spore in nature. It is further suggested that its presence in aquatic bottom deposits is based on sedimentation after proliferation in the carrion of the aquatic fauna and dissemination by water currents and migrating fish. PMID- 6990868 TI - Virulence of cloned variants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AB - The relative virulence of five different genotypic variants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was tested by determining the 50% lethal dose of occluded virus for larvae of Trichoplusia ni. The 50% lethal dose values of uncloned virus and the five cloned genotypic variants ranged between 10 and 21 polyhedra per larva, and no statistically significant differences were observed. Cloning has therefore neither enhanced nor decreased the virulence of this potential microbial pesticide. PMID- 6990869 TI - Positive cutaneous immunofluorescence in Grover's disease. PMID- 6990870 TI - IgE in the serum and on mast cells in bullous pemphigoid. AB - In 25 patients with bullous pemphigoid, the presence of IgE on the epidermal basement membrane (BM) and the cell membrane of mast cells was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. In four cases, a linear staining of the BM was found. Strongly positive fluorescence of the mast cells was found in seven cases; in seven others there was weakly positive staining. The positive staining of mast cells seemed to be related to the serum IgE level. The IgE levels in the serum samples of 30 patients were determined by the immunoradiometric assay. In 11 cases, elevated levels (greater than 400 IU/mL) were found. Circulating IgE anti BM antibodies could be demonstrated in one of 15 serum samples by indirect immunofluorescence. Our results do not indicate that IgE-mediated mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 6990872 TI - Childhood pemphigus foliaceus. Report of a case. AB - A case is reported of a 4-year-old black boy with pemphigus foliaceus. The patient is unusual because of age, sex, race, and distribution of lesions, Confirmation of diagnosis was made by both routine histopathology and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. The patient responded rapidly to prednisone therapy. PMID- 6990871 TI - Antimalarial agents. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and quinacrine. PMID- 6990873 TI - Bullous dermatosis and myeloma. Monoclonal anticytoplasmic antibody activity. AB - A case of a recurrent bullous eruption in a patient who had myeloma is reported. This eruption was differentiated from pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid by the histological and immunological findings. In addition, antibodies against the cytoplasm of basal cell layer cells in the human epidermis were detected in the patient's serum and in diseased skin. The myelomatous monoclonal protein and the antibody fixed on the cell cytoplasm had an identifical isotypical marker. PMID- 6990874 TI - Mumps and varicella vaccines. PMID- 6990875 TI - Inhaled powder compared with aerosol administration of fenoterol in asthmatic children. AB - Fenoterol as a powdered inhalation was shown to have a longer and stronger bronchodilator effect than the same dose inhaled from a standard metered dose aerosol in a double-blind double-placebo controlled cross-over study in 13 severely asthmatic children. The powder method of administration is free from many of the disadvantages of pressurised aerosols and may prove the method of choice in childhood. PMID- 6990876 TI - Acute infantile thrombocytosis and vitamin K deficiency associated with intracranial haemorrhage. PMID- 6990877 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus: current clinical status. PMID- 6990879 TI - Proteus vulgaris agglutination by cystic fibrosis sera. AB - The factor in sera of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their parents which agglutinates Proteus vulgaris has characteristics similar to those of IgG antibody to this organism. Sera of patients without CF who have P. vulgaris infections agglutinate the organism similarly. At present there are too many false-positives in a control population for the test to be widely useful for heterozygote identification. PMID- 6990883 TI - The inhibitory effect of a drug combination on the development of mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 6990878 TI - 24-hour metabolic profiles in diabetic children. AB - 15 metabolic profiles were performed on 10 diabetic children who were on once daily injections of insulin. Blood and urine glucose concentrations were high throughout much of the day and night, and were associated with abnormal levels of blood ketones, lactate, and pyruvate. The plasma free-insulin profiles gave a characteristic pattern for each type of insulin. The investigation gives valuable information for the clinical management of such children. PMID- 6990881 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: effects of a new agent (ICI 55 897) on serum acute phase proteins and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. AB - Thirty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with a new agent (ICI 55 897) in addition to basic therapy with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Five patients had the drug for less than 28 days; the remaining 29 were observed for periods up to a year. At 140 days, when all but 2 patients were in the study, there had been statistically significant improvement in clinical score, serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and plasma fibrinogen. Thereafter results continued to improve but were biased because some patients had stopped taking the drug. The final conclusion was that 17 patients had improved with 1 late relapse, and 15 had not responded. Adverse effects were trivial except in 2 instances: one patient had a transient unexplained rise in blood urea, another had a haematemesis. Neither effect could be attributed with certainty to the drug. ICI 55 897 has no intrinsic analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties. We suggest the findings of this study indicate that this agent, with low toxicity and the ability to lower acute-phase protein levels, may be an alternative to gold or penicillamine in the treatment of RA. PMID- 6990882 TI - Defective polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis associated with a serum inhibitor. AB - Cellular and/or serum components of polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis were assessed in 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No difference in the chemotactic migration of control and patient cells in response to a number of chemotactic solutions could be detected (P = 0.38). Deficient generation of chemotactic activity in patient sera (P = 0.58) as compared to control sera (P = 0.014) after incubation of the sera with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, resulted in a significant difference in the chemotactic activity of the control and rheumatoid serum preparations for polymorphonuclear leucocytes (P = 0.0012). This defect was associated with the presence of a serum inhibitor of chemotaxis, the potency of which was inversely correlated with the level of chemotactic activity generated in the rheumatoid sera (r = -0.941, P less than 0.001). PMID- 6990885 TI - Current status of filarial infections in The Gambia. PMID- 6990884 TI - In vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand to antimalarial drugs. PMID- 6990886 TI - Auxiliary heart transplantation. AB - At the present time, the major obstacles in the successful clinical application of heart transplantation are the immunological attack on the allograft, the treatment of complications resulting from immunosuppression, and the supply of transplantable hearts. Recently, auxiliary heart transplantation has been proved to be a successful technique for treatment of end-stage myocardial failure in humans. Here we review the experimental work in auxiliary heart transplantation leading to the present technique used in humans. PMID- 6990880 TI - Drug level monitoring in paediatric practice. PMID- 6990887 TI - Effects of labetalol in chronic two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension (2-KGH) in rats. AB - Labetalol administered intra-gastrically in a dose of 30 mg/kg twice a day for 3 weeks significantly lowered systolic tail blood pressure (STBP) in chronic two kidney Goldblatt hypertension in rats. Hypotensive response of labetalol in normotensive rats has also been demonstrated. Plasma renin activity (PRA) measured at the end of the treatment was similar in labetalol-treated and in dextrose-treated rats. The bradycardial response was evident in both hypertensive as well as in normotensive animals; however,, this change was statistically significant for the hypertensive rats only. Hypertension was associated with increase in the heart weight, which was not affected by labetalol treatment. Antihypertensive effect of labetalol is neither related to renin suppression nor to beta blockade. PMID- 6990888 TI - Excretion of a protease by Serratia marcescens. AB - Excretion of an extracellular protease of Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 occurred during logarithmic growth and was highest (per cell) when cultures reached the stationary growth phase. Production of the extracellular protease was induced by leucine or casein in minimal medium or by growth in tryptone-yeast medium. In the late stationary phase an intracellular protease activity accumulated which was also observed in mutants with very low extracellular protease activity. The excreted protease was the dominant protein in the growth medium. The protease was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100 and on DEAE cellulose. Quantitative amino acid analysis revealed the absence of sulfur containing amino acids. The enzyme consists of one polypeptide chain. A molecular weiht of 51,000 and 55,000 was estimated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100 respectively. The enzyme cleaved only N-alpha benzoyl-DL-lysine-and-arginine-nitroanilides but not the corresponding leucine or tyrosine derivatives nor a set of di- and tripeptides. PMID- 6990889 TI - Extrapulmonary histopathologic manifestations of Legionnaires' disease: evidence for myocarditis and bacteremia. AB - Legionnaires' disease, although primarily seen as a pulmonary affection, may also manifest systemic involvement. Evidence is given to demonstrate bacteremia and focal myocarditis in a patient with cirrhosis and pneumonia. PMID- 6990890 TI - Experimental model of chronic serum sickness. Relationships between proteinuria, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and glomerular and extraglomerular renal pathology. AB - The evolution of proteinuria in rabbits with experimentally induced chronic serum sickness was followed up longitudinally by analytical and quantitative assays. The results suggest that sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a more sensitive index of kidney malfunction than are total-protein assays or the quantitation of albumin and lysozyme. In some rabbits that showed abnormal proteinuria by SDS-PAGE, no histologic evidence of pathologic damage or of deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys was found. This suggests that SDS-PAGE may detect functional alterations at early stages of kidney damage when the lesions are either undetectable or reversible. In one rabbit that was killed after normalization of the proteinuria, immunofluorescence tests indicated deposition of C3, IgG, and fibrinogen, but there was no histologic evidence of kidney damage. PMID- 6990891 TI - New brain-cutting box: its use in computerized axial tomographic scan and autopsy brain section correlation. AB - A new brain-cutting box aids in the sectioning of autopsied brains along planes that correspond to computerized axial tomographic (CT) scans levels. There are two plastic boxes, one inside the other. The inner one has a platform slanted at a 15 degree angle from the horizontal plane. The brain, resting on this platform, can be raised by elevating the inner box and can be sectioned along the horizontal upper free edges of the outer box. The resulting sections, cut at appropriate intervals, correspond to CT scans. This box has numerous advantages over existing brain-cutting devices. PMID- 6990892 TI - Nonamyloid green birefringence following Congo red staining. AB - It was noted recently in our laboratory that the Congo red-stained sections of a muscle and sural nerve biopsy specimen showed the typical green birefringence associated with amyloid, but no amyloid could be demonstrated with electron microscopy. A study involving three different dyes, two different procedures, and six different fixatives revealed that the technique utilized was the most important consideration. With the exception of Carnoy's mixture, the fixative was relatively unimportant and the false birefringence was closely related to excess dye retained in the tissue. PMID- 6990893 TI - Triple arthrodesis and Lambrinudi arthrodesis. Literature review and follow-up study. AB - A literature review is presented about triple arthrodesis and Lambrinudi arthrodesis including indications, techniques, complications, and a more extensive review of some specific indications. Forty-eight patients were operated on between 1961 and 1977, 25 of whom were reviewed at follow-up. Our follow-up study shows a rather high rate of pseudarthrosis, with however a normal failure rate. According to these findings transfixation of the bones with K-wires is to be considered. PMID- 6990896 TI - The carotid-carotid bypass graft. AB - Occasional patients have multiple, branch artery occlusions of the aortic arch that preclude any of the standard extrathoracic bypass grafts. We recently treated such a patient with carotid-carotid bypass and found it to be remarkably simple and effective. This article describes the technical details of this procedure and suggests its future applications. PMID- 6990895 TI - Wound infections after transplant nephrectomy. AB - Wound infections after transplant nephrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. When prophylactic antibiotics were not used, 20% of the closed nephrectomy wounds became infected. Eighty-one percent of the infections were due to staphylococcal organisms. Wounds containing a preexisting focus of infection or those reoperated on more than once within a month prior to nephrectomy are at such high risk for infection that these wounds should be left open for secondary healing. With the use of prophylactic cefazolin sodium, in the immediate preoperative and postoperative period, no wound infections have occurred in 18 closed transplant nephrectomy wounds. PMID- 6990898 TI - [Perpetuation of the memory of Ippolit Vasil'evich Davydovskii in Iaroslav]. PMID- 6990897 TI - Multidisciplinary management of carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 6990894 TI - Complete destruction of both femoral heads following idiopathic necrosis of the femoral heads in a diabetic patient with hyperuricemia and hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - A practically complete destruction of both femoral heads including the femoral necks and acetabula was encountered in a 69-year-old patient with diabetes, which varied in intensity. This destruction, documented by radiographs which had been taken 8 years prior, had started as the typical picture of "idiopathic femoral head necrosis". In addition to diabetes, hyperuricemia and hyperlipoproteinemia were present at the time when the femoral head necrosis was first evidenced. One episode of gout was recorded. In recent years, following therapy, the hyperurecemia and hyperlipoproteinemia had normalized. The question is raised, as to whether or not the present radiological findings represent a complication of aseptic femoral head necrosis, combined with a diabetic arthropathy of the hip joints. Details of the angiographic findings and a spondylopathy, which have all the characteristics of a neuropathic spondylopathy, would favor this hypothesis. When associated with a diabetic condition, generalized osteoporosis and hypertrophic spondylosis of such a particular nature require special mention. PMID- 6990899 TI - [Mesangial kidney cells: structure and function under normal and pathological conditions]. AB - A review of the data on the structure and functions of mesangial cells (MC) and mesangial matrix of the kidneys in normal subjects under experimental conditions and in human pathology is presented. An important role of MC in purification of the glomerular filter is emphasized, their participation in regulation of the glomerular blood flow, the possibility of renin production by them and other functions are considered. Most frequent lesions of MC and their importance in the development of glomerular pathology of the kidneys are described. The nature of MC is discussed. PMID- 6990900 TI - [Interactions between microbes and enterocytes in experimental intestinal infections]. AB - All enteropathogens first attach to the glycocalyx on the enterocyte surface. Then noninvasive cholera vibrios and enterotoxicogenic E. coli multiply on the enterocyte microvilli producing enterotoxins which cause pronounced enterocyte hypersecretion. Invasive enteropathogens differ in the model of penetration into enterocytes, multiplication site, the effect on the fate of invaded enterocytes, the ability of the infectious process for generalization. Recent studies have confirmed the decisive role of Shigella intraepithelial multiplication in the development of ulcerative dysenteric mucosal inflammation, Salmonella penetration through the enterocytes, multiplication in macrophages and development of not only enterocolitis but generalized infection as well. In case of enteropathogenic E. coli causing infantile enteritis, multiplication of the attached germs with the resulting damage to the enterocyte surface plays the main role whereas bacterial invasion through the enterocytes is limited and of secondary importance. All the invasive enterobacteria produce peculiar cytotoxic enterotoxins which stimulate but also damage the enterocytes. PMID- 6990901 TI - [Nina Pavlovna Voshchanova (on her 70th birthday)]. PMID- 6990902 TI - Anaerobic and aerobic bacterial flora of acute conjunctivitis in children. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic cultures and clinical data were obtained from 126 pediatric patients with acute conjunctivitis. Similar cultures were obtained from 66 persons who did not have a conjunctival inflammation. Anaerobes were isolated from 47 patients (37.3%). In 26 cases (20.6%), they were in mixed cultures with aerobes, and in 21 cases (16.7%), they were the only isolates. Aerobes alone were recovered in 72 patients (57.1%). No bacterial growth was noted in seven patients (5.6%). The organisms recovered from eyes with conjunctivitis in statistically significant numbers were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and anaerobic Gram-postive cocci. PMID- 6990903 TI - Trichilemmoma of eyelid and eyebrow. A clinicopathologic study of 31 cases. AB - Thirty-one cases of trichilemmoma of the eyelid and eyebrow were studied. All lesions were solitary, small, and asymptomatic. Unlike basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, trichilemmoma rarely involves the lid margin or the inner canthus. The age range of our patients was from 22 to 88 years old (mean, 56 years). There were 19 men and 12 women. The most frequent clinical diagnoses were verruca vulgaris and cutaneous horn. Typically, the tumor displayed a lobular pattern and was composed mostly of glycogen-rich clear cells. The periphery of the lobules showed palisading of columnar cells and a distinct basement membrane. Histologically, the tumor was frequently misinterpreted as basal cell carcinoma. Review of the literature, including our own series, discloses that the eyelid is the second most common site for trichilemmoma after the nose. PMID- 6990904 TI - Four methods of measuring human corneal endothelial cells from specular photomicrographs. AB - We measured central corneal endothelial cell density and area from contact specular photomicrographs of ten normal and ten abnormal corneas, comparing the precision, cost, and speed of four methods: a rectangle, planimeter, digitizer, and cell sizer. The rectangle, planimeter, and digitizer gave results that differed less than 10% from each other; therefore, the three methods can be used interchangeably for clinical purposes. There are statistically significant differences among the three techniques that may be important in basic research. The cell sizer gave a rapid, less precise estimate of mean cell area and cell density. The planimeter and digitizer measured individual endothelial cell size, and the latter entered data directly into a computer that printed both a copy of the endothelial mosaic and a histogram of cell size frequency, and computed cell density and mean cell area. We make the following recommendations: Count cells in a rectangle used for routine clinical measurement. use a cell sizer for rough estimation, as in an eyebank setting. Use a computerized digitizer to study individual endothelial cell size. PMID- 6990905 TI - Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in drug abusers. AB - One of two cases of endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in abusers of intravenously administered drugs was treated successfully by subtotal pars plana vitrectomy; amphotericin B administered by intravitreal, periocular, and systemic routes; and flucytosine administered systemically. Aspergillus sp should be considered a possible pathogenic organism in drug abusers with endogenous endophthalmitis. An aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach may result in preservation of useful vision. PMID- 6990907 TI - Cervical mediastinal emphysema. PMID- 6990906 TI - Papanicolaou cytology in the diagnosis and management of external ocular tumors. AB - Papanicolaou smear cytology is a simple diagnostic procedure for the evaluation and management of external ocular lesions. A variety of benign and neoplastic lesions are examined for correlation of clinical, cytologic, and histologic impressions. Accurate correlation in 38 of 41 eyes substantiates the reliability of Papanicolaou smear cytology to differentiate benign from neoplastic ocular lesions. Cytology proved useful in the preoperative evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma and related tumors of the conjunctiva, and malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Cytology also was valuable in the detection of tumor recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma-in-situ of the conjunctiva, and in Meibomian gland carcinoma of the eyelid. The accessibility of ocular tumors makes them particularly well suited for cytologic examination. PMID- 6990908 TI - The priceless gift. PMID- 6990909 TI - Obituary--Valerio Monesi. PMID- 6990910 TI - Immunological aspects of transfusion therapy. PMID- 6990911 TI - Transfusion of universal donor and uncrossmatched blood. PMID- 6990912 TI - Basic aspects of pulmonary dysfunction as related to hemotherapy. PMID- 6990914 TI - Hemotherapy and antibacterial defense mechanisms. PMID- 6990913 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction in massive infusion. PMID- 6990915 TI - Abnormal hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and surgical hemotherapy. PMID- 6990916 TI - Modification of the oxygen affinity of intracellular haemoglobin by incorporation of polyphosphates into intact red blood cells and enhanced O2 release in the capillary system. PMID- 6990917 TI - A kinetic method for the study of solvent environments of thiol groups in proteins involving the use of a pair of isomeric reactivity probes and a differential solvent effect. Investigation of the active centre of ficin by using 2,2'- and 4,4'- dipyridyl disulphides as reactivity probes. AB - 1. Whereas the second-order rate constants for the reaction of the thiolate ion of 2-mercaptoethanol with 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphide (k4PDS) and with 5,5' dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate dianion increase with decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent, or remain unchanged, the rate constant for the analogous reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (k2PDS) decreases. This anomalous solvent effect and other unusual physicochemical properties of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide are discussed. 2. The differential effect of solvent on the reactions of thiolate ion with the 2,2'- and 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphides is shown to provide a method of characterizing solvent environments of thiol groups in proteins by a reactivity probe method that should not suffer from the usual drawback associated with the existence of steric or binding effects of unknown magnitude. Application of the method to ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) suggests that its active-centre thiol group resides in a relatively hydrophobic environment. 3. The pH-k profile for the reaction of ficin with 4,4'-dipyridyl disulphide is reported. PMID- 6990918 TI - Labelling of the cyclitol permease in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The protein component(s) of the cyclitol-transport system in Klebsiella aerogenes has been labelled by using three different procedures. One method is based on differential alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide, and another on incorporation of amino acids during the induction process. A protein of mol.wt. 34 000 was labelled by both procedures; by alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide two other proteins of mol.wts. 55 000 and 67 000 were also labelled. The third uses diazotized [35S]sulphanilic acid after protection by substrate and the comparison of labelling of induced cells with non-induced cells; the label was also concentrated in a mol.wt.-33 000 peak. The labelled protein is, from the evidence, the cyclitol carrier. PMID- 6990921 TI - The effects of trypsin and phospholipase C on insulin binding and action in the isolated adipocyte. AB - The effect of alterations to the insulin receptor on the insulin sensitivity of isolated adipocytes was studied. Receptor changes were induced by treatment of adipocytes with either phospholipase C or trypsin. After enzyme treatment, binding of insulin to insulin receptors and insulin-mediated glucose metabolism were examined. Exposure of adipocytes to phospholipase C (2 units/ml) significantly increased insulin binding to the cells, but destroyed the ability of the cells to oxidize glucose. After treatment with trypsin (500 micrograms/ml) for 5 min, insulin binding to the adipocytes was significantly increased. This was shown to be due to an increase in insulin-receptor affinity. Metabolic studies showed that trypsin treatment led to an increase in basal glucose transport but markedly decreased the response to insulin at all concentrations tested. Adipocytes treated with trypsin showed no significant difference in basal glucose oxidation rates when compared with controls, but were less sensitive to insulin at low insulin concentrations, and showed a decreased maximum response at high insulin concentrations. In conclusion, these findings indicate a dissociation between induced changes in binding of insulin to insulin receptors and subsequent hormone action. The importance of post-receptor events in the biological action of insulin is highlighted. PMID- 6990919 TI - Modulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism by sex hormones in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Effect of chronic ethanol administration. AB - In young (4-week-old) male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, ethanol metabolic rate in vivo and hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity in vitro are high and not different in the two sexes. In males, ethanol metabolic rate falls markedly between 4 and 10 weeks of age, which coincides with the time of development of sexual maturity in the rat. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity is also markedly diminished in the male SH rat and correlates well with the changes in ethanol metabolism. There is virtually no influence of age on ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the female SH rat. Castration of male SH rats prevents the marked decrease in ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity, whereas ovariectomy has no effect on these parameters in female SH rats. Chronic administration of testosterone to castrated male SH rats and to female SH rats decreases ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity to values similar to those found in mature males. Chronic administration of oestradiol-17beta to male SH rats results in marked stimulation of ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity to values similar to those found in female SH rats. Chronic administration of ethanol to male SH rats from 4 to 11 weeks of age prevents the marked age-dependent decreases in ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity, but has virtually no effect in castrated rats. In the intoxicated chronically ethanol-fed male SH rats, serum testosterone concentrations are significantly depressed. In vitro, testosterone has no effect on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity of young male and female SH rats. In conclusion, in the male SH rat, ethanol metabolic rate appears to be limited by alcohol dehydrogenase activity and is modulated by testosterone. Testosterone has an inhibitory effect and oestradiol has a testosterone-dependent stimulatory effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol metabolic rate in these animals. PMID- 6990920 TI - Insulin resistance in soleus muscle from obese Zucker rats. Involvement of several defective sites. AB - 1. The effect of insulin upon glucose transport and metabolism in soleus muscles of genetically obese (fa/fa) and heterozygote lean Zucker rats was investigated at 5-6 weeks and 10-11 weeks of age. Weight-standardized strips of soleus muscles were used rather than the intact muscle in order to circumvent problems of diffusion of substrates. 2. In younger obese rats (5-6 weeks), plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin were twice those of controls, whereas their circulating triacylglycerol concentrations were normal. Insulin effects upon 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glucose metabolism by soleus muscles of these rats were characterized by both a decreased sensitivity and a decrease in the maximal response of this tissue to the hormone. 3. In older obese rats (10-11 weeks), circulating concentrations of insulin and triacylglycerols were both abnormally elevated. A decrease of 25-35% in insulin-binding capacity to muscles of obese rats was observed. The soleus muscles from the older obese animals also displayed decreased sensitivity and maximal response to insulin. However, at a low insulin concentration (0.1m-i.u./ml), 2-deoxyglucose uptake by muscles of older obese rats was stimulated, but such a concentration was ineffective in stimulating glucose incorporation into glycogen, and glucose metabolism by glycolysis. 4. Endogenous lipid utilization by muscle was calculated from the measurements of O(2) consumption, and glucose oxidation to CO(2). The rate of utilization of fatty acids was normal in muscles of younger obese animals, but increased in those of the older obese rats. Increased basal concentrations of citrate, glucose 6-phosphate and glycogen were found in muscles of older obese rats and may reflect intracellular inhibition of glucose metabolism as a result of increased lipid utilization. 5. Thus several abnormalities are responsible for insulin resistance of muscles from obese Zucker rats among which we have observed decreased insulin binding, decreased glucose transport and increased utilization of endogenous fatty acid which could inhibit glucose utilization. PMID- 6990922 TI - Evidence for two lac Y gene derived protein products in the E. coli membrane. PMID- 6990923 TI - Diffusion of solutes through channels produced by phage lambda receptor protein of Escherichia coli: inhibition by higher oligosaccharides of maltose series. PMID- 6990924 TI - Pyridine nucleotide coenzyme biosynthesis: a cellular site of oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6990925 TI - The size of yeast mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 6990926 TI - Light chain phosphorylation alters the conformation of skeletal muscle myosin. PMID- 6990927 TI - Specific changes in the surface glycoprotein pattern of a human leukemic null cell line NALL-1 associated with morphologic and biological alterations induced by phorbol-ester. PMID- 6990928 TI - Concanavalin A binding of soluble neutral maltase-glucoamylase in suckling rat intestine. PMID- 6990929 TI - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat adipocytes by concanavalin A: evidence for insulin-like effect mediated by hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6990930 TI - Localization of [125I]-insulin in subcellular particles of perfused rat liver. PMID- 6990931 TI - Plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli involves increased efflux of the antibiotic. PMID- 6990932 TI - Comparison of high and low dose cyclophosphamide therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eighty-eight patients with active rheumatoid arthritis from 8 Cooperating Clinics were evaluated in a 32-week controlled, double-blind trial comparing 150 mg daily to 75 mg cyclophosphamide daily. Improvement in the arthritis was seen in both groups, and there were no important differences between the two treatment groups in any of the 8 variables used to measure disease activity. Untoward effects were also similar for the two groups. These results differ from preliminary results reported earlier. PMID- 6990933 TI - Characteristics of antinuclear antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Reactivity of rheumatoid factor with a histone-dependent nuclear antigen. PMID- 6990935 TI - A simple, fast and inexpensive kinetic method to differentiate between total and viable bacteria using Coulter counter technique. AB - A new kinetic approach is described using Coulter Counter technique to differentiate between viable and total counts in bacterial cultures (E. coli) inhibited by chemotherapeutics (trimethoprim, tetracycline, and a nitrofurane derivative, 2,4-diamino-6-(5-nitrofuryl-2)-5-ethylpyrimidine (HN 32). The results are compared with data obtained by plate count technique. PMID- 6990934 TI - Culture-negative septic arthritis and bacterial endocarditis. Diagnosis by synovial biopsy. AB - The capacity of bacterial endocarditis to mimic other systemic illnesses is well known. This report describes a patient with blood culture-negative bacterial endocarditis who presented with features suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite sterile synovial fluid, synovial biopsy culture resulted in identification of the causative organism and led to specific antibiotic therapy and cure. This is the first report of such a case. PMID- 6990936 TI - The rescue game and the speech-language pathologist. PMID- 6990937 TI - Evaluating PL 94-142 plans. PMID- 6990939 TI - [In memorian Federico Gomez Santos, 1897-1980]. PMID- 6990940 TI - [Hyperglycemia of the dehydrated infant]. AB - Hyperglycemia and glucosuria are frequently seen during the acute phase of dehydration secondary to gastroenteritis. In this paper, 33 patients in hypovolemic shock due to diarrhea were studied. Serum glucose resulted above 140 mg/100 ml. in 14 patients (41%); it was below 27 mg/100 ml. in 2 more patients (5.8%). Despite high glucose concentration, only 4 out of the 14 hyperglycemic patients had serum insulin concentration above that observed in normal fasting children. Plasma cortisol was significantly higher in the group with hyperglycemia (54 +/- 24 micrograms/100 ml.) in comparison with the group with normal glucose levels (15 +/- 6.4 micrograms/100). No correlation was found between serum glucose and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, growth hormone nor with plasma osmolarity. All disturbances observed turned normal after rehydration. Hyperglicemia is explained as a response to stress and is probably due to the gluconeogenic action of cortisol and the inhibitory effect of catecholamines upon insulin secretion. PMID- 6990938 TI - Immunochemical assay of rat postheparin plasma triacylglycerol lipases. AB - Immunochemical methods for selective measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma are described and validated. Lipoprotein lipase was measured using a substrate containing 10% serum and 0.1 M NaCl after inactivation of hepatic lipase with a specific antiserum. Hepatic lipase was measured at 1.0 M NaCl with a serum-free substrate. The heparin dose response curve indicated maximum relase of both activities at a heparin dose of 500 IU/kg. The lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma were 3 to 4-fold higher than those in human postheparin plasma. The LPL activity in female rats was significantly higher than in males whereas there was no sex difference for hapatic lipase. PMID- 6990941 TI - [Evaluation of nephropathies in children with rheumatoid arthritis and prolonged therapy with salicylates]. AB - The study included 18 school-age and adolescent patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who had consumed from 351 to 6393 gm. (average 2813 gm.) as total dose for the control of their disease. All of them underwent a complete physical examination, general laboratory tests and as specific tests of renal function; urinalysis, urine culture, endogenous creatinine clearance, Addis count (red and white cells), sodium and potassium urinary excretion, urinary acidity capacity, administration of ammonium chloride and capacity of urinary concentration following water restriction. Normal results in practically all parameters led to conclude that a clear evidence of nephropathy due to salicylic acid consumption, was not found in any of the patients studied. PMID- 6990942 TI - [Glycemia and insulinemia after oral administration of Nomifensine]. AB - Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were evaluated in 8 healthy subjects after mg 200 of Nomifensina per os. 5 subjects underwent an oral glucose challenge before and after mg 200 of Nomifensine and their glucose and IRI were evaluated in both conditions. Nomifensine inhibits basal IRI but does not inhibit IRI levels after an oral glucose challenge. It is possible that nervous dopaminergic endings are present at the level of B cells. PMID- 6990943 TI - [The actions of taurine in the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990944 TI - [Shy-Drager syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990945 TI - Rehabilitation following hemimandibulectomy. PMID- 6990946 TI - Diazepam in immediate post-myocardial infarct period. A double blind trial. AB - One hundred and thirty-one male patients admitted to a coronary care unit with myocardial infarction, later confirmed, were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg diazepam every six hours, or a matched placebo, for 48 hours. During this period, no differences were found between the treatment groups in the incidence of fatal or non-fatal tachyarrhythmias even when account was taken of differences in the severity of the initial infarct. Monitored blood pressure and heart rate data were comparable as were the patients' self-assessed anxiety levels and symptoms, except that drowsiness was more common in the patients treated with diazepam. PMID- 6990947 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia. VII: Hepatic metabolism. AB - Hepatic metabolism during porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) was investigated in seven Pietrain pigs. The estimated hepatic blood flow decreased during MH, but an increase in oxygen extraction enabled the splanchnic oxygen uptake to be maintained. There was a large release of glucose and potassium from the liver in MH which made an important contribution to the hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. Measurement of hepatic uptake of the precursors of gluconeogenesis, lactate, glycerol and alanine, showed that glucose efflux from liver was derived mainly from glycogenolysis. Lactate uptake by the liver increased during MH, and there was no evidence of hepatic lactate production during the profound acidosis as suggested by in vitro studies with the isolated liver. There was no evidence of major abnormality of hepatic function during porcine MH. PMID- 6990948 TI - Evaluation of glycopyrrolate and atropine as adjuncts to reversal of non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in a "true-to-life" situation. AB - Glycopyrrolate, a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic compound, and atropine were evaluated in combination with neostigmine for antagonism of non-depolarizing neuromuscular block. A total of 641 patients were investigated in a "true-to life" situation. The patients receiving glycopyrrolate with neostigmine had smaller changes in heart rate than those who received atropine. This was particularly apparent in patients with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6990949 TI - New anaesthetic formulation for epicutaneous application tested for cutting split skin grafts. AB - Ane-Pad (A 2358, Astra Lakemedel AB), a new local anesthetic formulation for application to the skin has been tested in the removal of split skin grafts. Ane Pad is a thin cotton pad, containing a solution of 10% ketocaine base in a solvent mixture of isopropanol, glycerol and water. The pad has been used on the donor sites of 173 patients with a minimum application time of 1 h before surgery. Eighteen patients complained of slight, transient irritation immediately after application. After removal of the pad erythema was present in 39 patients and oedema in eight. In 157 patients (90.8%) analgesia was adequate. Two patients (1.1%) needed additional anaesthesia. The concentration of ketocaine in the blood was measured in 101 patients and did not exceed 850 ng ml--1. Therewere no systemic side-effects. PMID- 6990950 TI - A double-blind comparison between fentanyl and buprenorphrine in analgesic supplemented anaesthesia. AB - Buprenorphine 0.3 mg or fentanyl 0.125 mg i.v. were used to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia in a double-blind investigation of 40 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Initially both narcotics appeared to suppress tachycardia and increased arterial pressure in response to surgery, but 80% of the patients who received fentanyl eventually required a further supplement of halothane 0.5%, whereas no patient who received buprenorphine required halothane. Recovery from anaesthesia was similar in both groups, but the duration of analgesia after operation was significantly greater after buprenorphine than after fentanyl. PMID- 6990951 TI - Uptake of aggregated immunoglobulin by the mouse kidney. I. Effect of endotoxin. AB - Endotoxin (ET) pretreatment of mice resulted in increased liver and spleen uptake and decreased circulating levels of aggregated IgC (AggIgG) compared to control animals. ET had no effect upon the uptake of AggIgG by lung or whole kidney cortex. However, immunofluorescent microscopy revealed increased localization of AggIgG in the mesangium of ET mice at 1 but not at 2 or 16 h after administration of AggIgG. These studies show that mesangial macromolecular uptake is not solely dependent upon blood levels, but appears to be influenced by unknown and probably complex variables. PMID- 6990952 TI - Uptake of aggregated immunoglobulin by the mouse kidney. II. Effect of hydrocortisone. AB - The uptake of radiolabelled (125I) aggregated human IgG (AggIgG) by the renal cortex, liver, spleen and lung was evaluated quantitatively in mice treated with hydrocortisone (HC) (25 mg) 72 h previously. AggIgG was administered in a dose of 1.5 or 3.5 mg/g body wt i.v.; tissue and blood were obtained at 1, 4 and 24 h. Renal cortical and mesangial uptake of AggIgG was significantly increased in HC animals. A rise in blood level was also observed in association with decreased splenic uptake, normal or slightly increased hepatic uptake and unchanged lung uptake. A significant increase in the kidney:lung and kidney:spleen ratios of AggIgG was induced by hydrocortisone, suggesting a relatively greater rate of loss from the spleen and liver than the renal cortex. The increased mesangial uptake may be a consequence of higher blood levels of AggIgG, as well as a direct effect of HC on the mesangium. PMID- 6990953 TI - The comparative histopathology of primary and secondary lesions in murine salmonellosis. AB - In a primary infection, Swiss-Webster mice were injected i.p. with 10(2) or 10(3) virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Multiple microscopic acute abscesses with predominantly polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) were seen in the liver and the spleen beginning on the 4th day after infection. By the 7th day, these lesions had become enlarged and were gradually transformed into granulomas with central necrosis and peripheral mononuclear cells. The animals usually died within 12 days with massive systemic infection and degeneration of the tissues. In contrast, it was necessary to inoculate 10(6) virulent salmonella i.v. into mice immunized with avirulent S. thphimurium in order to initiate microscopically observable lesions in the liver and the spleen. These secondary lesions were characterized by the early appearance of minute granulomas composed almost entirely of histiocytic cells. They remained small and isolated, usually without central necrosis. Subsequent regression of the lesions and regeneration of normal tissue occurred after the 2nd week following infection. The animals usually survived such a challenge infection. PMID- 6990954 TI - The effect of freezing and pasteurizing bovine milk on its ability to protect neonatal guinea-pigs against colonization of the small intestine by Escherichia coli. AB - The ability of frequent feeding of bovine milk diets to prevent the colonization of the small intestines of newborn guinea-pigs with orally inoculated Escherichia coli was tested. At 3--4 days small intestinal samples from suckled controls were frequently sterile or were colonized with only very low numbers of Esch. coli. No bovine milk diet exhibited a significant "protective" effect but the diets could, however, be ranged in order of effectiveness in decreasing colonization by Esch. coli. Raw, fresh bovine milk was best, followed by milk pasteurized at 56 degrees or 63 degrees, then boiled milk; frozen milk was the worst. Because of this last finding, neither the bacteriostatic lactoferrin-dependent activity nor the lactoperoxidase could be correlated with the ability to decrease the colonization of the small intestines by Esch. coli. PMID- 6990955 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 and Klebsiella. II. Cross-reactivity studies with human tissue typing sera. AB - Human monospecific HLA B27 typing sera have been shown to have increased binding activity for klebsiella extracts by haemagglutination (P less than 0.001), radiobinding assay (P less than 0.025) and radiolabelled antigen competition assay (P less than 0.02) when compared to non-B27 tissue typing sera. These observations are in agreement with those of studies using rabbit sera, suggesting that HLA B27 lymphocytes may exhibit partial cross-reactivity with bacterial antigens found in some Gram-negative microorganisms such as klebsiella. It is suggested ankylosing spondylitis may occur as a result of immunological damage following infection by Gram-negative bacteria carrying antigens having stereochemical similarity to self antigens. PMID- 6990956 TI - A quantitative model for subcutaneous abscess formation in mice. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to develop an experimental model of s.c. encapsulated abscesses in which abscess formation could be assessed by quantitative measurements. Inocula were composed of bacterial broth cultures, autoclaved mouse caecal contents or both in combination. These inocula were injected s.c. on the flank in 2 strains of mice. Large encapsulated abscesses formed in all recipients by Day 4 when the inoculum contained either B. fragilis or S. aureus combined with caecal contents. Bacterial concentrations per ml of pus at Day 6 were 10(10.1+/-0.02) for B. fragilis and 10(8.4+/-0.1) for S. aureus. Spontaneous external drainage began by 10--15 days, and complete healing of the lesion occurred by 4--6 weeks. The typical histological pattern consisted of a collagen capsule surrounding a rim of neutrophils, enclosing a central area of necrotic cells and fibre from the inoculum. The cross-sectional areas of the capsule, the neutrophil band and the entire abscess were measured in a reproducible manner by planimetry, and abscess volumes were calculated. Values for these measurements varied with different inocula and different times after inoculation, but were highly consistent for a specified time and inoculum. PMID- 6990958 TI - ABH antigens and bone marrow transplantation. AB - We studied the role of ABH antigens in determining graft outcome in 104 patients who received HLA-identical bone marrow transplants for aplastic anaemia and acute leukaemia. ABH compatibility had no significant effect on incidence of graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease. Fifteen recipients ahd pre-transplant antibodies against donor ABH antigens. In 14, large volume plasma exchange and transfusion of donor-type erythrocytes was successful in reducing the antibody titre to low or undetectable levels. In one patient, plasma exchange was unsuccessful and red cells were removed from the marrow inoculum by unit gravity sedimentation. This approach prevented transfusion reaction, and permitted engraftment of all haematopoietic cell lines despite persistently elevated antibody titres. Parallel in vitro studies revealed that antibodies to ABH antigens failed to inhibit the growth of progenitor cells committed to both granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-C) and erythroid (BFU-E) development. These findings indicate that ABH-antigens are not clinically important transplantation antigens and suggest that ABH antigens are not operationally present on hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6990957 TI - Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) in blister fluid of dermatological diseases. AB - The occurrence of low molecular weight (less than 500 dalton) eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) was studied in the blister fluid of patients with various dermatological diseases by an in vitro chemotaxis method. After chromatographic separation of the test substance on a small Sephadex G 25 column, ECF was demonstrated in blisters of five patients with bullous pemphigoid, in three patients with systemic drug reactions and in one patient with blisters are contact with primula. ECF was not found in blisters of patients with epidermolysis bullosa and herpes gestationis or in DNCB-induced blisters. Fluid obtained from suction blisters was negative in normal controls and in unaffected skin of patients with atopic eczema, but contained ECF in eczematous areas. The demonstration of ECF in tissue fluid suggests that this factor plays a role in the local accumulation of eosinophils at sites of certain inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6990960 TI - Origin of human bone marrow fibroblasts. AB - We investigated the origin of bone marrow fibroblasts in three bone marrow transplant recipients with aplastic anaemia and leukaemia who received grafts from HLA-identical siblings of opposite sex. The patients were conditioned for transplantation with high doses of cytotoxic drugs and 300--1000 rads total body irradiation. After transplantation, bone marrow cells were cultured in T flasks for 3 weeks and the adherent cells were then trypsinized and passaged weekly. After several passages the cells had the typical morphology and growth pattern of fibroblasts. Metaphases from these cells were all of recipient sex type. In contrast, haematopoietic cells and lymphocytes obtained at the same time were of donor sex type. Our findings indicate that the human bone marrow fibroblast is not derived from a precursor common to haemotopoietic cells or lymphocytes. The bone marrow fibroblast appears to be a mesenchymal cell, unrelated to haematopoietic stem cells, which is capable of in vitro proliferation after as much as 1000 rads of total body irradiation. PMID- 6990959 TI - Malignancy and haemostasis. PMID- 6990962 TI - Characterization of null cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with B-cell allo- and hetero-antisera. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CLL-PBMN) were separated into B, T and Null-enriched lymphocyte sub-populations using sequential mouse and sheep red blood cell rosetting depletions on Hypaque-Ficoll gradients. The procedure produced viable cell populations with mean percentage purities of 90, 87 and 75 for B, T and non-rosetting (Null-enriched) sub-populations, respectively. More than 80% of PBMN cells were generally accounted for by mouse and sheep rosetting. The purified lymphocyte sub-populations were examined with a panel of B-cell specific alloantisera obtained from kidney transplant recipients and a rabbit antiserum to B cell antigen isolated from a human B-lymphoblastoid line. The results illustrated that the antigens detected by these sera also have potential as a marker for characterizing the CLL population. Where conventional markers were weak or absent, B cell antigens were readily detected in both fluorescent and cytotoxic tests. The majority of the non-rosetting cells (less than 90%) in CLL followed similar patterns of reactivity to the purified B cells, suggesting they are a subset of B cells. A small residual population (0--5% of PBMN) did not react with the antisera, the significance of which is unknown. PMID- 6990961 TI - Terminal transferase enzyme assay and immunological membrane markers in the diagnosis of leukaemia: a multiparameter analysis of 300 cases. AB - Multiparameter analyses have been carried out with recently developed enzyme and membrane markers in 300 patients with various leukaemias including ALL, AML, but excluding Ph1 positive leukaemias. TdT enzyme levels were particularly valuable in the differential diagnosis of adult acute lymphoid and myeloid leukaemias. The levels were raised in 108 (94%) of the 115 patients who were considered to be non T, non-B ALL on membrane marker and morphological analysis; all seven cases giving negative TdT results in this group were young children. Unexpectedly high levels were seen only in three (4.1%) of 73 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia verified by histochemistry and membrane markers. Anti-ALL serum was a most useful reagent in childhood leukaemias but blasts from 19 patients (10% of childhood ALL cases and 29% of adult ALL cases) failed to react with the serum in spite of TdT positivity. Strongly ALL+ blasts were seen only in non-T, non-B ALL and some undifferentiated leukaemias. Weakly ALL+ blasts were seen in seven of 32 cases of thymic ALL (Thy-ALL) but in other respects these blasts expressed Thy-ALL features, such as strong reactivity with anti-T cell (HuTLA) serum, negativity with anti-Ia-like serum and raised TdT. The combination of tests was particularly useful in 32 cases of undifferentiated leukaemia: in 10 of these cases TdT positivity indicated the probable 'lymphoblast', nature of blast cells: the remaining 22 cases remained unclassifiable with the markers used. The analysis revealed other interesting variant forms of leukaemias. PMID- 6990963 TI - Chromosome changes in acute leukaemia. PMID- 6990964 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. AB - The laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenia has only recently become more satisfactory. In this study a fluorescein-labelled antiglobulin technique was used to investigate the immunochemical properties of the platelet antibody detected in a pregnant woman with severe thrombocytopenia. The antibody was autoimmune and appeared to have specificity for platelet antigens. It had both IgG and IgM components and did not fix complement. Steroids had a beneficial effect indicated by a return to normal of the platelet count, a falling antibody titre and the disappearance of detectable antibody on the patient's own platelets. Studies on the baby showed that the antibody had not crossed the placenta in detectable amounts. PMID- 6990965 TI - The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6990966 TI - Obituary Notice. Wallace Ruddell Aykroyd, CBE, MD, ScD (30 July 1899-7 February 1979). PMID- 6990967 TI - Carbohydrate utilization in obese subjects after an oral load of 100 g naturally labelled [13C] glucose. AB - 1. Total carbohydrate (CHO) and ingested glucose oxidation was measured in five obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance after an oral load of 100 g naturally-labelled [13C]glucose using indirect calorimetry and mass spectrometry respectively. 2. CHO utilization rate (107 +/- 14 mg/min in the post-absorptive state) increased 30 min after the glucose load to reach a plateau (245 +/- 25 mg/min) between 90 and 120 min. It then decreased to basal values at 330 min. Cumulative CHO oxidation over 480 min was 66 +/- 7 g and the CHO oxidized above basal levels was 26 +/- 7 g. 3. Enrichment of expired carbon dioxide with 13C began at 45 min and maximum values were observed between 210 and 300 min. At 480 min, cumulative oxidation of the ingested glucose was 24 +/- 2 g. 4. Compared with controls, the obese subjects exhibit an impairment of CHO utilization which precedes glucose intolerance. This impairment can be explained by an increased availability of free fatty acids which favours lipid oxidation at the expense of ingested [13C]glucose oxidation. PMID- 6990968 TI - Transition-state structure in the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase reaction: the magnitude of solvent and alpha-secondary hydrogen isotope effects. AB - Solvent and alpha-secondary isotope effects have been measured in the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase reaction, under conditions of a rate-limiting transfer of hydrogen between coenzyme and substrate. Determination of catalytic constants (at saturating concentrations of substrate and coenzyme) in H2O and D2O as a function of pH(D) has allowed the separation of solvent effects on pKa from kcat: delta pKa = pKD--pKH = 0.02--0.21, kH2O/kD2O = 1.20 +/- 0.09 in the direction of p methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidation, and kH2O/kD2O = 0.50 +/- 0.05 and 0.58 +/- 0.06 for p-methoxybenzaldehyde reducation by NADH and [4-2H]NADH. The small effect of D2O on pKa, which contrasts with the common observation that delta pKa congruent to 0.4--0.6, is tentatively assigned to ionization of an active-site ZnOH2. The near absence of an isotope effect on kcat in the direction of alcohol oxidation rules out a mechanism involving concerted catalysis by an active-site base of hydride transfer. In the direction of aldehyde reduction, the observation of inverse isotope effects on kcat is concluded to reflect displacement of zinc bound water by substrate to form an inner-sphere complex, subsequent to the E.S complex. Equilibrium alpha-secondary isotope effects, measured as a frame of reference for kinetic values, indicate KH/KT = 1.33 +/- 0.05 and 1.34 +/- 0.09 for the oxidation of [1(S)-3H]benzyl alcohol and p-methoxy[1(S)-3H]benzyl alcohol, respectively. Kinetic alpha-secondary isotope effects are within experimental error of equilibrium values, kH/kT = 1.34 +/- 0.07 and 1.38 +/- 0.02 for [1(S)-3H]benzyl alcohol and p-methoxy[1(S)-3H]benzyl alcohol oxidation, respectively. The near identity of kinetic and equilibrium alpha-secondary isotope effects in the direction of alcohol oxidation implicates a transition state structure which resembles aldehyde with regard to bond hybridization properties. This result contrasts sharply with previously reported structure- reactivity correlations, which implicate a transition-state structure resembling alcohol with regard to charge properties. The significance of these findings to the mechanism of NAD(P)H-dependent redox reactions is discussed. PMID- 6990969 TI - Malate dehydrogenase from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria. Molecular size, subunit structure, amino acid composition, immunochemical homology, and catalytic activity. AB - Malate dehydrogenases isolated from a number of mesophilic, moderately thermophilic, and extremely thermophilic bacteria yield upon denaturation subunits of molecular weight 32 000--36 000. Determination of their native molecular weights shows that some of the enzymes are dimeric and others are tetrameric; the two types are distributed in each of the three classes of bacteria. The amino acid compositions of the enzymes show no consistent trend that can be related to the progression of thermostability from the mesophile through the moderate thermophile to the extreme thermophile species. The tetrameric enzyme species all exhibit a high level of structural homology as judged by the criterion of immunological cross-reaction. Little cross-reaction occurs, however, between the tetramers and the dimers. The dimeric enzyme from the extreme thermophile, Thermus aquaticus, cross-reacts only weakly, if at all, even with dimeric malate dehydrogenases. The catalytic activities of the malate dehydrogenases vary over a wide range. Potassium chloride, organic solvents such as acetone, and the protein denaturants urea and guanidine hydrochloride activate a number of the malate dehydrogenases under the assay conditions employed. The diversity among the bacterial malate dehydrogenases, manifested not only in molecular size and subunit structure but also in properties such as catalytic activity and the dependence of this activity on electrolytes, organic solvents, and denaturants, indicates significant structural differences between several of these cognate enzyme species. PMID- 6990970 TI - Interactions of pig liver methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase with methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate substrates and with dihydropteroylpolyglutamate inhibitors. AB - Dihydrofolate and dihydropteroylpolyglutamates inhibit pig liver methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. In all cases the inhibition is linearly competitive with respect to methylenetetrahydrofolate. The Ki values decrease with each additional glutamyl residue from one to six, from a value of 6.5 microM for dihydrofolate to 0.013 microM for dihydropteroylhexaglutamate. Dihydropteroylheptaglutamate has a Ki of 0.065 microM. These data indicate a free energy of binding of approximately 0.75 kcal/mol for each of the five terminal glutamyl residues in dihydropteroylhexaglutamate. Methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates are substrates for the enzyme, and the increased free energy of binding is reflected in increased values for Vmax/Km with polyglutamate substrates. Vmax is increased 1.76-fold on going from the mono to the diglutamate substrate; additional glutamyl residues lead to decreases in Km values for methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates. Our results suggest that the in vivo activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase may also be sensitive to fluctuations in the ratio of methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates to dihydropteroylpolyglutamates and that this ratio may be important in determining the relative fluxes of methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates into the pathways leading to thymidylate biosynthesis and methionine regeneration. PMID- 6990971 TI - Primary structure of AUA-specific isoleucine transfer ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of an E. coli isoleucine tRNA (tRNAIle minor) specific for the codon AUA was determined by postlabeling procedures using only 2.5 micrograms (0.05 A260 unit) of the material. The sequence was pG-G-C-C-C-C-U-s4U A-G-C-U-C-A-G-U-Gm-G-D-D-A-G-A-G-C-A-A-G-C-G-A-C-U-N+-A-U-t6A-A-psi-C-G-C-U-U-G m7G-acp3U-C-G-C-U-G-G-T-psi-C-A-A-G-U-C-C-A-G-C-A-G-G-G-G-C-C-A-C-C-AOH. The nucleotide sequences in the regions of the D arm and T psi C arm of tRNAIle minor were quite similar to the corresponding regions of tRNAIle major. However, the sequences in the CCA stem and anticodon stem of tRNAIle minor were different from those of tRNAIle major. The overall homology between the two isoleucine tRNAs was 68%. E. coli tRNALys, tRNAMet, tRNAValIIA and tRNAArg also have relatively high sequence homology with tRNAIle minor. PMID- 6990972 TI - Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid binding site of the bacterial elongation factor Tu. AB - Hydrolysis protection experiments were used for a quantitative determination of the binding of several aminoacyl-tRNAs to the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu. The observed differences could not be rationalized in terms of structural properties of the tRNAs. The experimental results support, however, a model according to which the differences in the affinity of naturally occurring aminoacyl-tRNAs are determined mainly by the nature of the amino acid esterified to the tRNA. Aminoacyl-tRNAs with polar amino acid side chains are bound less strongly than those with apolar ones. This model is substantiated by results obtained with misacylated and modified aminoacyl-tRNAs. Furthermore, it could be shown that the aminoacyl group of the aminoacyl-tRNA must be in the L configuration; EF-Tu in this way prevents blocking of the ribosomal A site or even incorporation of D-amino acids into protein. The data have been used for a schematic description of the structure of a part of the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site of the bacterial elongation factor Tu. PMID- 6990973 TI - Role of intracellular energy in insulin's ability to activate 3-O-methylglucose transport by rat adipocytes. PMID- 6990974 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of insulin receptor with an insulin analogue selectively modified at the amino terminal of the B chain. PMID- 6990975 TI - High mobility group proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains four proteins having amino acid compositions typical of the high mobility group (HMG) proteins. Three of these are eluted from chromatin by 0.35 M NaCl; one is not, but it is eluted by 0.25 N HCl. It follows that HMGs cannot, in general, be defined by extractability criteria. Gel mobilities and amino acid compositions indicate that yeast and animal HMGs have diverged markedly. PMID- 6990977 TI - Structure of Escherichia coli membranes. Fatty acyl chain order parameters of inner and outer membranes and derived liposomes. PMID- 6990978 TI - Translation initiation factor 2 alters transcriptional selectivity of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase. AB - Preparations of translation initiation factor IF-2 strongly stimulate the production of rRNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase but have little effect on the synthesis of other RNA species. The factor alters the sedimentation characteristics of RNA polymerase holoenzyme. We suggest a mechanism by which IF 2 alters the pattern of transcriptional selectivity of RNA polymerase. PMID- 6990979 TI - Functional heterogeneity of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase holoenzyme. AB - On zone sedimentation Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme exhibits functional heterogeneity with respect to template preference, regulation by ppGpp, and affinity for fMet-tRNA. The template preference of a subpopulation of RNA polymerase molecules correlates with both its sedimentation position and its ability to respond to effectors of polymerase selectivity. Incubation of such functionally distinct populations of enzyme molecules at physiological temperatures results in functional and structural equivalence. We suggest that RNA polymerase normally exists as a mixture of interconvertible forms and that promoter selection can be controlled by varying the number and proportions of forms present. PMID- 6990976 TI - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX fulfills the criteria for identification as the chloroquine receptor of malaria parasites. PMID- 6990980 TI - Preferential stimulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by insulin and in the absence of ribosomal and messenger ribonucleic acid formation. PMID- 6990981 TI - Structure--function relationship in Escherichia coli initiation factors: role of tyrosine residues in ribosomal binding and functional activity of IF-3. PMID- 6990983 TI - Role of essential histidine residues in L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase from rat kidney. PMID- 6990982 TI - A method for linking fluorescent labels to polynucleotides: application to studies of ribosome-ribonucleic acid interactions. PMID- 6990984 TI - Synthesis of [5,6-3H]arachidonic acid and its use in development of a sensitive assay for prostacyclin synthetase. AB - [5,6-3H]arachidonic acid has been prepared by catalytic reduction of eicosa-cis 8,11,14-trien-5-ynoic acid (IV) over Lindlar catalyst. When either [5,6 3H]arachidonic acid or [5,6-3H]PGH2 is converted into PGI2 by swine aortic microsomes, the tritium at C-6 is lost to the medium. Thus, the progress of this enzymic rearrangement may be monitored by following the rate of tritium release. As swine aortic microsomes contain only low levels of cyclooxygenase, it is necessary to fortify the system with ram seminal vesicular microsomes (rich in cyclooxygenase) when [5,6-3H]arachidonic acid is used as the indirect substrate. PMID- 6990985 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and freeze-fracture electron microscopy studies on Escherichia coli. I. Cytoplasmic membrane and total phospholipids. AB - 1. At the growth temperature the total phospholipids isolated from Escherichia coli cells give rise to 31P-NMR spectra which indicate the existence of lamellar, isotropic and hexagonal phases. These phases are also detected by freeze fracture electron microscopy. In particular, the isotropic phase may contain lipidic particles (possibly inverted micelles) associated with the lamellar phase. 2. The cytoplasmic membrane isolated from E. coli cells grown at 37 degrees C is mainly lamellar at 25 degrees C, whereas at 37 and 45 degrees C the presence of some almost isotropic phospholipid motion is indicated. The possible significance of the isotropic phase for the functioning of the cytoplasmic membrane is discussed. PMID- 6990986 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and freeze-fracture electron microscopy studies on Escherichia coli. II. Lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid complexes. AB - 1. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy and 31P-NMR spectroscopy on native and electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K12 cells, both above and below the phase transition temperature, are described. 2. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of native lipopolysaccharide shows ribbon-like structures below (0 and 22 degrees C) and large vesicles above (37 degrees C) the phase transition temperature. Electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide (sodium salt) occurs in ribbon-like structures at 0, 22 and 37 degrees C if sodium lipopolysaccharide is hydrated in water. If sodium lipopolysaccharide is hydrated in Tris-HCL/NaCl buffer these ribbon-like structures occur only below the phase transition temperature. Above the phase transition temperature stacked sheets are observed. Moreover, in the latter case, the fracture planes contain particles and pits. Upon etching, sodium lipopolysaccharide when hydrated in water appears to form rods and when hydrated in buffer appears to form mainly stacked lamellae both above (37 degrees C) and below (0 degrees C) the phase transition temperature. 3. High resolution 31P-NMR spectra show that the chemical shifts of the phosphorus atoms in native lipopolysaccharide differ from those in electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide, probably due to conformational and compositional (the disappearance of ions and (poly)electrolytes) changes. The 31P-NMR spectra of native lipopolysaccharide dispersed in Tris-HCL/NaCl buffer are very broad at 20 and at 40 degrees C indicating little motion. At 22 degrees C electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide also gives a broad spectrum; at 40 degrees C the spectrum is narrower, indicating more motion, and two peaks are visible. After dispersion in H2o and subsequent addition of buffer, the spectrum of electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide is narrow both at 20 and 40 degrees C, which can be correlated with the rods observed in freeze etching. After treatment with Ca2+, electrodialyzed lipopolysaccharide shows a very broad spectrum at 40 degrees C probably due to immobilization of the lipopolysaccharide. 4. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy and 31P-NMR spectroscopy of liposomes consisting of native lipopolysaccharide and total phospholipids indicate that the phospholipids and the lipopolysaccharide are mainly organized in bilayers. Lipopolysaccharide in such liposomes undergoes more motion than in the absence of phospholipids. Ca2+ does not influence this behaviour. PMID- 6990987 TI - Phosphonate analogues of pyruvate. Probes of substrate binding to pyruvate oxidase and other thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent decarboxylases. AB - A number of enzymes catalyze the removal of carbon dioxide from pyruvate through covalent participation of the coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate. The conversions of the decarboxylated adduct, hydroxyethyl thiamin pyrophosphate, to subsequent products distinguishes the function of these enzymes. Acetaldehyde is produced by pyruvate decarboxylase, acetic acid by pyruvate oxidase and acetyl coenzyme A by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Differences and details of steps prior to decomposition of hydroxyethyl thiamin pyrophosphate can be evaluated through the use of two substrate analogues, methyl acetylphosphonate and acetylphosphonate. Methyl acetylphosphonate and acetylphosphonate are competitive inhibitors toward pyruvate with Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase and E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase but the value of the Ki for the oxidase is more than three orders of magnitude higher than for the dehydrogenase. Yeast pyruvate decarboxylase is not inhibited at all under the same conditions. The binding of methyl acetylphosphonate results in ligand-induced changes in the near ultraviolet circular dichorism spectrum of the oxidase. This spectral perturbation is only seen in the presence of the cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate, strongly suggesting that the inhibitor is binding at the same site as the substrate, pyruvate, on the enzyme. Kinetic data suggest that lipid activators of pyruvate oxidase increase the affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate and its analogues. PMID- 6990988 TI - Independent heat stabilization of proteases associated with multiheaded inhibitors. Complexes of chymotrypsin, subtilisin and trypsin with chicken ovoinhibitor and with lima bean protease inhibitor. AB - The heat stabilization resulting from specific association of serine proteases with either of two multiheaded protease inhibitors, chicken ovoinhibitor or lima bean protease inhibitor, was determined at pH 6.7 in a differential scanning calorimeter. The 2:1 complex of either bovine alpha-chymotrypsin or subtilisin BPN' with ovoinhibitor showed two major denaturation endotherms; each 1:1 complex showed one major endotherm. Association with ovoinhibitor increased the kinetic thermal stabilities over those of the free chymotrypsin or subtilisin. Association with lima bean protease inhibitor stabilized bovine beta-trypsin greater than porcine beta-trypsin greater than bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. Complexes having different proteases bound to the same inhibitor, such as chymotrypsin . ovoinhibitor . subtilisin (1:1:1) or trypsin . inhibitor . chymotrypsin (1:1:1), denatured like mixtures of the 1:1 complexes. These results show more clearly that 2:1 association with multiheaded inhibitors stabilizes the two bound protease molecules independently. Each bound protease and the domain(s) of the inhibitor influenced by specific binding of this protease are denatured as a unit. Thus, 2:1 complexes comprise at least two new denaturing units. The extent of heat stabilization appears roughly proportional to the Kassoc determined by other methods. The results are consistent with other evidence that binding sites for proteases on multi-headed inhibitors are relatively independent in structure and function. PMID- 6990989 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Substrate binding, spectral and kinetic data. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, brewer's yeast, produces a microsomal benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase when grown at high glucose concentrations of which the haemoprotein, cytochrome P-450 (RH, reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH hydroxylating) EC 1.14.14.1) is a component. We report here kinetic data derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation. The Michaelis constant was decreased by growth of the yeast in the presence of benzo(a)pyrene showing the induction of a form of the enzyme more specific for this compound. NADPH or cumene hydroperoxide could be used as cofactors by this enzyme, although with different Km and V values for benzo(a)pyrene. A solubilised and a solubilised, immobilised enzyme preparation were capable of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation, using cumene hydroperoxide but not NADPH as the cofactor. Benzo(a)pyrene was found to produce a modified type I spectral change with yeast and rat liver microsomes. The interaction of benzo(a)pyrene with cytochrome P-450 was investigated further by means of an equilibrium gel filtration technique. There appeared to be 20 binding sites per mol ofcytochrome P-450 for benz(a)pyrene, in both yeast and rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6990991 TI - Effects of nicotinic acid therapy on high-density lipoprotein metabolism in type II and type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 6990992 TI - Incorporation of hydrogen atoms from deuterated water and stereospecifically deuterium-labeled nicotin amide nucleotides into fatty acids with the Escherichia coli fatty acid synthetase system. AB - The mechanism of hydrogen incorporation into fatty acids was investigated with intact Escherichia coli cells, a crude enzyme preparation and purified reductases of fatty acid synthetase system. The distributions of deuterium atoms incorporated into fatty acids from 2H2O and stereospecifically deuterium-labeled NADPH or NADH were determined by mass spectrometry. When E. coli was grown in 2H2O, almost every hydrogen atom of cellular fatty acids was incorporated from the medium. When fatty acids were synthesized from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH in the presence of a crude enzyme preparation of either E. coli or Bacillus subtilis, almost every hydrogen atom was also incorporated from the medium. In contrast to these results, purified beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier reductase directly transferred the HB hydrogen of NADPH to beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein, and purified enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase also transferred the HB hydrogen of NADPH and NADH directly to enoyl acyl carrier protein. In the crude enzyme preparation of E. coli, we found high activities which exchanged the HB hydrogen of NADPH with the deuterium of 2h2o. the conflicting results of the origin of hydrogen atoms of fatty acids mentioned above are explained by the presence of enzymes, which catalyzed the rapid exchange of NADPH with the deterium of 2H2O prior to the reaction of fatty acid synthetase. PMID- 6990993 TI - Common inner membrane-specific domains of colicins E1, K, Ia and A. PMID- 6990990 TI - Determination of the half-life of lipoprotein lipase in cultured granulosa cells. AB - The incorporation of [3H]leucine into granulosa lipoprotein lipase was determined by an immunoadsorbent method: a sensitive, specific, and quantitative technique using antiserum to avian adipose lipoprotein lipase coupled to Sepharose 4B as the immunoadsorbent. The sole 3H-labeled protein bound to the immunoadsorbent was shown to be lipoprotein lipase by: (1) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, (2) gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and (3) isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea of the dissociated protein. As measured by a specific radioimmunoassay, all but 4.5% of total enzyme protein, from 1.45 to 380 ng avian lipase, bound to 200 microliters immunoadsorbent. This immunoadsorbent has a quantitative binding capacity (96.5%) over a 200-fold range of enzyme concentration. Using this method, the half-life of lipoprotein lipase under steady-state conditions in cultured granulosa cells was found to be 11.26 h. PMID- 6990995 TI - Photo-oxidation of L-glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli, sensitized by the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate and by proflavin. AB - Irradiation of L-glutamate decarboxylase (L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) from Escherichia coli by visible light absorbed by the intrinsic chromophore, pyridoxal phosphate, caused the selective modification of two methionines per enzyme monomer. The disulfoxide derivative exhibited modified circular dichroism, chromatographic and kinetic properties, suggesting a conformational role for the two methionine residues. Irradiation of the enzyme in the presence of proflavin revealed the presence of two distinct groups of tryptophan residues with markedly different photooxidation rate constants. No evidence of involvement of tryptophans in the catalytic mechanisms of the enzyme was obtained. The results are compared with those obtained on irradiation of L glutamate decarboxylase from Clostridium perfringens. PMID- 6990994 TI - Isolation of intact larval haemoglobin from the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Prevention of degradation in vitro by proteases induced during larval development. AB - Haemoglobin induced in the larval stage of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina is extensively degraded when isolated from the later developmental stages of the larvae. Alkaline proteases appear in the organism a few hours after the induction of haemoglobin and cause the observed degradation. Addition of 2.6 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride or 20 micrograms/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor to the extraction buffer used for haemoglobin isolation prevents most of this degradation. Discrete haem proteins are found in extracts of the brine shrimp larvae isolated before induction of the proteases, and the major species has a molecular weight of over 200,000. This is believed to be the native haemoglobin. A spread of lower molecular weight haem-containing polypeptides is found in extracts of larvae isolated after induction of the proteases. These products are believed to result from degradation of the discrete haem proteins present in protease-free extracts. PMID- 6990997 TI - [Organizational tendencies of the constituents of biological membrane and problems of their distributional asymetry]. PMID- 6990996 TI - [4 years ago, Jacques Monod]. PMID- 6990998 TI - Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K12 CR34. PMID- 6991000 TI - [Ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. Some features of the primary and three dimensional structure]. AB - Some properties of E. coli ribisomal proteins, e. g. molecular weights, isoelectric points, amino acid composition, are reviewed. The three-dimensional structure of the proteins in solution has been studied and the difficulties and discrepancies arising from interpretation of the results obtained have been revealed. The peculiarities of the amino acid sequences typical of the majority of the proteins or the amino acid sequences presenting unique features are interpreted in terms of the primary structure of some ribosomal proteins. The primary structure of the proteins determined with the use of interesting methodological procedures is discussed. PMID- 6990999 TI - [Formation of oligomeric form of transketolase and the factors influencing this process]. AB - The immobilized transketolase (dimer) is a mixture of two enzyme forms, i. e. a completely active and completely inactive ones. The decomposition of the active enzyme form into subunits to form immobilized monomers occurs at a higher rate than that of the inactive form. The reassociation of the monomers with a formation of dimers strongly depends on pH, the pH optimum of reassociation being equal to 7,9--9,2. Thiamine pyrophosphate and Ca2+ as well as Ca2+ alone but taken at sufficiently high concentrations favours the association of the monomers into a dimer. The reassociated dimers exhibit a complete catalytic activity only when the reassociation occurs in the presence of Ca2+. The activity of reassociated dimers obtained in the absence of Ca2+ was decreased by 50%. The reassociation capacity of the immobilized subunits obtained in the absence of beta-mercaptoethanol was considerably decreased. The immobilized subunits obtained in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol and then treated by N ethylmaleimide were not capable of reassociation. PMID- 6991001 TI - [Interactions of ribosomes with an unsaturated fatty acid]. AB - The interaction of bacterial and plant ribosomes with an unsaturated fatty acid and the effect of the latter on the physico-chemical properties of the ribosomes were studied. The ability of E. coli ribosomes and ribosomes from pea seedlings chloroplasts and cytoplasm to form complexes during interaction with the oleic acid were revealed. Evidence for heterogeneity of the bacterial ribosomal fraction, which manifests itself in the fact fat not all ribosomes within a single population are capable to interaction with the oleic acid have been obtained. Changes in the sedimentation and morphological properties typical for different types of ribosomes were observed. The interaction of bacterial ribosomes with the oleic acid and a subsequent removal of the oleic acid with Triton X-100 resulted in an increase of the sedimentation coefficient of the particles from 70S up to 175S and a considerable compactization of ribosomal particles. No such changes were observed in the case of plant ribosomes. PMID- 6991002 TI - [Isolation of proteinase I from E. coli cells using affinty chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose]. AB - A serine proteinase (proteinase I) was isolated in a homogeneous state from E. coli K12 cells, using bacitracin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The enzyme effectively cleaved N alpha-acetyl-L-phenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester. The proteinase was inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, but was resistant to EDTA and natural trypsin or subtilisin protein inhibitors. The enzyme did not cleave trypsin and subtilisin synthetic substrates, possessing a narrow substrate specificity. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined. The enzyme molecular weight was found to be about 20 000. PMID- 6991003 TI - [Carboxylic proteinase from Trichoderma lignorum]. AB - A carboxylic proteinase has been isolated from a commercial preparation of Trichoderma lignorum used as a source of cellulolytic enzymes. The purification procedure included precipitation by (NH4)2SO4 (65% saturation), gel-filtration through Acrylex P-10, affinity chromatography on gramicidin S bound to an inorganic matrix, gel-filtration through Acrylex P-10, affinity chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose and separation on Ultrogel AcA 54 followed by gel-filtration through Sephadex G-50. A 400-fold purification of enzyme was achieved, the enzyme yield being 7,2%. The molecular weight of carboxylic proteinase as determined by gel-filtration is 33 000; its amino acid composition is found to be similar to that of carboxylic proteinases isolated from other fungal species. The enzyme is stable within the pH range of 3,0-6,0. The enzyme was fully inhibited by the specific inhibitors of carboxyliec proteinases-N-diazoacetyl-N'-2,4 dinitrophenylethylenediamine and pepstatin. PMID- 6991005 TI - [Proteolysis as an error source in investigation of proteins]. PMID- 6991006 TI - The dysgenetic gonad: aberrant testicular differentiation. PMID- 6991004 TI - [Alpha-methylglucoside transmembrane phosphorylation and regulation of the beta galactoside permease activity in E. coli K12]. AB - The interaction between alpha-methylglucoside (MeGlc) and beta-galactoside transport systems in E. coli K12 was studied. It was shown that an addition of MeGlc to bacterial cells leads to repression of [14C] lactose accumulation and o nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (NO2PheGal) hydrolysis. The mutational damage of one of the components of the MeGlc transport system is accompanied by elimination of the glucoside inhibitory action. Intracellular MeGlcP and GlcP lower the efficiency of the transmembraneous transfer of beta-galactosides. The data obtained suggest that repression of the beta-galactoside permease activity during transport of the MeGlc is a result of two processes: i.e. phosphorylation coupled translocation of MeGlc and intracellular accumulation of MeGlcP. An assumption on the intramembraneous interaction of enzyme IIGlc with beta galactoside permease is made. PMID- 6991008 TI - The Second SSR Research Award. James H. Clark. PMID- 6991007 TI - The Eleventh Carl G. Hartman Award. Joseph Meites. PMID- 6991009 TI - Stromal-epithelial interactions in sex differentiation. PMID- 6991011 TI - Can sex inversion be environmentally induced? PMID- 6991010 TI - Gonadal steroids and brain development. PMID- 6991012 TI - Psychosexual differentiation in the human. PMID- 6991015 TI - In memory of Emanuel M. Bogdanove. February 20, 1925 - October 23, 1979. PMID- 6991016 TI - Inhibition of the daily LH release mechanism by progesterone acting at the hypothalamus. PMID- 6991014 TI - Sexual differentiation: early hormone synthesis and action. PMID- 6991013 TI - Ovulation as an inflammatory reaction--a hypothesis. PMID- 6991018 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of basal body associated fibrous structures in green algae: a critical review. AB - Ultrastructural aspects of fibrous structures associated with basal bodies of green algae are critically discussed. It is apparent that variation among these structures is much greater than in microtubular flagellar root systems and it is therefore suggested that fibrous structures may be more useful than microtubular roots in elucidating phylogenetic relationships within the Chlorophyceae sensu Stewart and Mattox and the Prasinophyceae sensu Christensen. Two main types of fibrous structures are distinguished: (1) Connecting fibres (these connect different basal bodies); (2) Fibrous roots (these originate at basal bodies and terminate somewhere else in the cell). Fibrous roots are of two types: (a) microtubular-root associated striated fibres (striation pattern 25-35 nm; system I-fibres); (b) striated fibres composed of a bundle of filaments (filament diameter: 5-10 nm; striation pattern greater than 80 nm; system II fibres). Numbers, disposition and substructure of connecting fibres and fibrious roots are variable in different genera of green algae. In the experimental secretion new observations on fibrous roots in the ulvalean genus Enteromorpha as well as preliminary information on fibrous structures in Carteria obtusa and Bryopsis lyngbyei are included. Functional and evolutionary aspects of fibrous structures associated with the flagellar apparatus of green algae are discussed. PMID- 6991017 TI - Evolutionary prerequisites for early Phanerozoic calcareous skeletons. AB - This paper develops the concept that the dramatic appearance of calcareous skeletons in the Lower Cambrian is directly related to the origin of refined mechanisms of intracellular modulation of calcium ion concentration. An homologous family of calcium modulated proteins has recently been discovered. These proteins contain "EF hands", involved in the maintenance of low concentrations of intracellular calcium and the informational use of calcium ion flow (Kretsinger, 1977). The evolution of this specialized calcium physiology, especially in muscle systems, coupled with natural selection by predators are identified as some of the preadaptations for the impressive Tommotian diversification of calcified metazoans. The distribution of calcium biominerals in the phyla of the five kingdoms and the time of first appearance of calcareous mineralization in the fossil record are tabulated. Macroscopic calcified hard parts apparently required the prior evolution of certain cell, tissue and organ system physiologies which are briefly discussed here. PMID- 6991019 TI - [Walking does not require continuity of the medullar "locomotion strip"]. AB - Bilateral lesions interrupting the "locomotor strips" were produced in the medulla of mesencephalic cats. After that locomotion could be evoked by stimulation of the rostral and caudal part of the "strip". However, in some experiments the locomotion threshold rose after the lesion. The relationship between the "locomotor strips" and other brain stem structures and spinal cord is under discussion. PMID- 6991021 TI - [Immunoglobulin-positive cells of the human spleen and thymus in embryogenesis]. AB - The percentage and types of fluorescence of immunoglobulin-positive cells were studied in the spleen and thymus from 32 human fetuses aged from 11 to 32 weeks by indirect immunofluorescence. During embryogenesis the number of immunoglobulin positive cells in the spleen rises from 13 to 33.7%, while in the thymus the percentage of these cells is 0--2 and does not depend on the period of the fetus development. Differentiated estimation of immunoglobulin-positive cells was performed for the first time during embryogenesis from the types of fluorescence. Thymocytes have solitary points of fluorescence on the surface. Lymphocytes with solitary and then with multiple points covering all the surface and at last with "caps" of fluorescence appear in the spleen during the period of the development. The different density of immunoglobulin receptors on the surface reflects the level of lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 6991020 TI - [Suppressive effect of bone marrow cells from normal and leukemic mice on antibody production in culture of spleen cells in vitro]. AB - The suppressive effect of bone marrow cells from AKR and (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice aged 2--10 months on the immune response of syngeneic spleen cells to sheep red blood cells in vitro was investigated. It was shown that the suppressive action of leukemic mice bone marrow cells greatly increases by the age of 9--10 months as compared to 2-month age. In (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice the suppressive acitivty of bone marrow remains unchanged over the same time period. PMID- 6991023 TI - [Conditions influencing bone induction after implantation of the bone matrix into mice]. AB - In the course of implanting a decalcified bone matrix to mice intramuscularly, beneath the renal capsule and the capsule of the kidney with ligated vessels, and intramuscularly to animals with curretaged femur, bone induction was evoked in 90 -100% of the cases, with no morphological differences recorded. In each series of the experiments both implants with marked bone plates full of bone marrow cells and implants with small areas of osteogenic tissue were observed. The data obtained show that the inductive process does not depend either on the degree of vascularization of the site of implantation or on the degree of calcification of adjacent tissue and may be predetermined by the presence of inducible cells sensitive to the induction stimulus. PMID- 6991022 TI - [Effect of the inhibitor-antioxidant belonging to the 3-hydroxypyridine series on immunocompetent and stem cells]. AB - The effect of the synthetic inhibitor-antioxidant belonging to the 3 hydroxypyridine series (compound OP-6) on the functions of immunocompetent and stem cells of mice was studied. Use was made of the models of synthesis of antibodies to sheep red blood cells (local hemolysis and hemagglutination), of endogeneic and exogeneic colony-formation in (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice as well as skin homotransplantation to CBA mice from C57BL/6 donors. Compound OP-6 was shown to exert an immunodepressant effect on both the humoral and cell immunity, not to decrease the colony-forming capacity of the stem cells and to protect them from irradiation. PMID- 6991024 TI - Granulocyte aggregometry: a sensitive technique for the detection of C5a and complement activation. AB - We have previously shown that complement (C) activated plasma causes granulocyte (PMN) aggregation in vitro and that C5a is responsible. The C-induced aggregation of PMNs treated with cytochalasin-B (CB) is markedly enhanced and irreversible, and the magnitude of the response is proportional to the log (concentration of activated plasma), allowing use of this technique to detect C5a and hence C activation. To compare the sensitivity of granulocyte aggregometry to that of more standard methods of detecting C-activation, we produced graded C-activation in vitro by treating fresh serum with varying amounts of zymosan. Aggregometry was the most sensitive index of C-activation, detecting C-activation, produced by 0.02 mg zymosan/ml of serum--1/10 that required to produce C-activation detectable by C3 immunoelectrophoresis (the next most sensitive technique). Granulocyte aggregometry may also be used to detect in vivo C-activation. We have found aggregating activity in plasmas from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, immune vasculitis, transfusion reactions, and other conditions associated with in vivo C-activation, but not in the plasmas of normal subjects. PMID- 6991025 TI - The influence of vitamin E quinone on platelet structure, function, and biochemistry. AB - Although the effects of vitamin E on platelet function have been investigated in vivo and in vitro, vitamin E quinone, a natural metabolite of vitamin E, has been virtually overlooked. This oxidized form of vitamin E inhibits platelet aggregation and secretion induced by various aggregating agents more effectively than vitamin E by a magnitude of 5-10-fold. Vitamin E and vitamin E quinone do not alter platelet ultrastructure or cellular concentrations of serotonin and adenine nucleotides, including cAMP. Inhibition of aggregation by vitamin E quinone occurs in the absence of detectable reduction of vitamin E quinone or oxidation of vitamin E and is readily reversed by washing the platelet. Only vitamin E quinone prevents arachidonic acid release and slightly inhibits cyclooxygenase, whereas both agents partially prevent calcium release from a platelet subcellular organelle. Vitamin E quinone also inhibited synthesis of prostacyclin by endothelial cells with basal synthesis in the presence of external arachidonic acid being less affected than thrombin-stimulated PGI2 production. The greater potency of vitamin E quinone in suppressing platelet function compared to vitamin E suggests that this quinone metabolite may be the better antithrombotic agent and possibly responsible for in vivo effects previously attributed to vitamin E. PMID- 6991026 TI - To measure or not to measure? That too is a question. PMID- 6991027 TI - Quantitative analysis of the chromatin of lymphocytes: an assay on comparative structuralism. AB - With 26 letters we can form all the words we use, and with a few words it is possible to form an infinite number of different meaningful sentences. In our case, the letters will be a few simple neighborhood image transformations and area measurements. The paper shows how, by iterating these transformations, it is possible to obtain a good quantitative description of the nuclear structure of Feulgen-stained lymphocytes (CLL and normal). The fact that we restricted ourselves to a small number of image transformations made it possible to construct an image analysis system (TAS) able to do these transformations very quickly. We will see, successively, how to segment the nucleus itself, the chromatin, and the interchromatinic channels, how openings and closings lead to size and spatial distribution curves, and how skeletons may be used for measuring the lengths of interchromatinic channels. PMID- 6991028 TI - Kinetics of platelets, megakaryocytes and their precursors: what to measure? AB - A sequential exploration of the kinetics of platelets, megakaryocytes, and their progenitors is devised, wherein abnormalities at one level of differentiation are the subject of further analysis at the preceding level. Platelet kinetics yield estimates of mean platelet life span, fraction of platelet mass in circulation and daily production, making it possible to recognize the disorders of hyperdestruction, hypersequestration, hypoproduction, and hyperproduction. Theoretical considerations and regression analysis of a variety of computer simulated survival tests show that sufficient information is contained in the first four days of the disappearance curve of population labeled platelets to provide an estimate of mean life span with an error of 9%--15%. Identifying the type of destruction disorder depends on developing tests and parameters which will make it possible to integrate into a coherent model such indices as the rate of senescence, the rates of reversible and irreversible aggregation, and the rates of adhesion to and phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system. Foremost among the existing models is the multiple-hit theory, although its validity rests on the unproved assumption that platelets keep a permanent memory of their injuries. Identifying the type of production disorder is the purpose of megakaryocyte kinetics. The daily production of megakaryocytes could be derived from the daily platelet production and the number of platelets released per megakaryocyte; determining megakaryocyte number would also yield the mean megakaryocyte maturation time. All these parameters could be obtained by combining a simple radioiron dilution method with cytochemical identification of megakaryocytes and with advanced, automated morphometric techniques. Abnormalities of megakaryocyte number and size can be further analyzed by studying the kinetics of thrombocytic precursors in tissue culture, i.e., by recording the distribution of precursor doublings and megakaryocyte ploidy histograms. The application of these techniques to cultures of bone marrow suggest that endomitosis may be initiated by any megakaryocyte precursor and that the kinetics of this process influence the number and final ploidy level of megakaryocytes. PMID- 6991029 TI - Presence of NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) in the cells of the human granulocyte series. AB - The presence of NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) in the cells of the human granulocyte series was investigated by using the immunoperoxidase technique. NCA was detected in normal bone marrow at the promyelocyte stage. It was found in leukemic myeloblasts only when they had some degree of differentiation (M2 type), but the results for promyelocytic leukemias (M3 type) were always negative. Auer rods were never stained by anti-NCA serum. In chronic myeloid leukemias, many pathologic myelocytes were positive, their intensity varying from one case to another; a relation was noted between the intensity of this reaction and the number of neutrophil granules stained by Giemsa reagent on parallel slides of the same cases. Normal-looking polymorphs were often weakly labeled or not labeled by anti-NCA serum in the bone marrow or blood of leukemic patients. Here again, a parallel was seen with the staining of neutrophil granules by Giemsa. From these data, an association between NCA and azurophilic granules can be deduced. PMID- 6991030 TI - Mutagenicity produced by aqueous chlorination of organic compounds. PMID- 6991031 TI - Bloodletting in American obstetric practice, 1800-1945. PMID- 6991032 TI - Disinfection of mail in the United States. PMID- 6991033 TI - Medicine against Malthus: Francois Melier on the relation between subsistence and mortality (1843). PMID- 6991034 TI - Private rights, public interest, and professional jurisdiction: the French Public Health Law of 1902. PMID- 6991035 TI - Black lung: miners' militancy and medical uncertainty, 1968-1972. PMID- 6991038 TI - Samuel T. Darling: studies on malaria and the Panama Canal. PMID- 6991037 TI - James De Berty Trudeau: physician-naturalist. PMID- 6991036 TI - The emergence of medical communities in Massachusetts, 1700-1794: the demographic factors. PMID- 6991039 TI - Borderline and narcissistic disorders. A selective overview. PMID- 6991040 TI - Anesthesia for renal transplantation. PMID- 6991041 TI - Medical inspection of immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891-1924. PMID- 6991042 TI - Transport of microbiological specimens to a tropical communicable disease center. PMID- 6991043 TI - Refractory oedema. PMID- 6991045 TI - Pericardial effusions. PMID- 6991044 TI - Pleural effusions. AB - Pleural effusions develop following changes in capillary permeability, capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, or lymphatic drainage. Generalized fluid retention or a transudate suggests a systemic cause while an exudate suggests a local cause. The diagnosis can usually be established by clinical assessment, chest radiography, analysis of pleural fluid, pleural biopsy, and appropriate special investigations. When no cause can be found, particular care should be taken to exclude secondary carcinoma, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, and mesothelioma; the patient should be followed-up. Symptomatic malignant effusions may be managed initially by basal intercostal tube drainage alone. For recurrences, local instillation first of tetracycline and then of mustine may be tried. Pleurectomy should be considered if the prognosis is otherwise good. PMID- 6991046 TI - Hepatitis B in hospitals. PMID- 6991047 TI - Trimethoprim. PMID- 6991049 TI - Relationship between duration of urethane or pentobarbitone anaesthesia in male and female rats and adenohypophyseal response to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. AB - 1 Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (50 ng/100 g body weight) was injected into male and female rats which had been anaesthetized with either urethane (1.2 g/kg) or pentobarbitone (45 g/kg) for 15, 100 or 240 min and serial blood samples were taken for estimation of plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations. 2 The rats anaesthetized with urethane tended to show a greater response to the releasing hormone than those given pentobarbitone. 3 The magnitude of the responses observed in male rats and in female rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone did not change as the period of anaesthesia prior to injection of releasing hormone was lengthened from 15 min to 4 h. By contrast, in the groups of female rats anaesthetized with urethane the magnitude of the response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone was related to the length of pretreatment anaesthesia. Thus both dioestrous and pro-oestrous rats given releasing hormone only 15 min after the onset of urethane anaesthesia had significantly (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.05 respectively) higher concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the plasma than rats treated with the releasing hormone after 240 min of anaesthesia. 4 These effects were not due to a differential action of the anaesthetics on the mechanism for clearing LH from the plasma. PMID- 6991050 TI - A double-blind trial of ibuprofen and aspirin in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries sustained in professional football. PMID- 6991048 TI - Characteristics of 5-hydroxytryptamine transport in pancreatic islets. AB - 1 Transmembrane transport of 3H-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by isolated pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob mice was studied. 2 5-HT was vigorously accumulated in a temperature-dependent way by the islet cells. 3 Studies of the concentration-dependence of [3H]-5-HT uptake revealed complex kinetics with one component being saturated at 1 to 3 microM 5-HT (apparent association constant 0.6 x 10(6) M(-1) and the other non-saturated up to 1 mM 5-HT. 4 The saturable uptake was inhibited by Na+-deficiency and metabolic poisoning with 2,4 dinitrophenol and antimycin A, whereas the non-saturable component was not affected. 5 Omission of K+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ did not affect the uptake rate. 6 It is concluded that 5-HT is taken up by pancreatic beta-cells by mechanisms very similar to those observed in thrombocytes and neurones. PMID- 6991051 TI - The influence of radiation on fertility in man. AB - Increasing numbers of young people are now being cured of certain neoplasms by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such people will naturally wish to lead a normal life and possibly to have children. Therefore the question of the effect of radiation and cytotoxic drugs on the reproductive capacity of these patients has become important. The purpose of this report is to review the information available on the effect of radiation on fertility in man. Direct information on radiation effects on human fertility is available from reports on therapeutic exposure and deliberate experimental exposure. Although the total number of cases involved is small, a number of general principles emerge. In males, fractionated irradiation of the testes may be more harmful than acute, at least up to total doses of about 600 cGy (rad). Fractionated doses greater than 35 cGy cause aspermia, the time taken for recovery increasing with dose, and after more than 200 cGy aspermia may be permanent. In females, response varies with age as well as dose. For example, 400 cGy may cause a 30% incidence of sterility in young women, but in women aged above 40 years it results in 100% sterility. However, individuals of either sex show a degree of variation in their response to irradiation. PMID- 6991052 TI - Ossification and calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. PMID- 6991053 TI - Renin and prorenin in hog brain: ubiquitous distribution and high concentration in the pituitary and pineal. AB - With the objective of clarifying the nature of renin-like activity in the brain, we have devised methods to distinguish true renin from acid protease. These methods were used to determine the regional distribution of true renin in hog brain. The pineal was found to be the richest source of renin followed by the adenohypophysis and choroid plexus. The hypothalamus, cerebellum and amygdala contained moderately high concentrations of renin. Renin concentration in the neurohypophysis was negligible. Many regions contained activatable prorenin. The molecular weight and the pH-dependence of the brain renin were identical to these same properties of renal and plasma renins. Based upon its specific affinity to concanavalin A, brain renin was judged to be a glycoprotein. The electrofocusing pattern of renin from different regions of the brain differed from that of plasma and kidney renins, a discrepancy which could be interpreted as evidence for the endogenous synthesis of renin in the brain. PMID- 6991054 TI - S100 protein in folliculostellate cells of the rat pituitary anterior lobe. AB - The anterior lobe of the rat pituitary was investigated immunohistochemically as to nervous tissue-specifis S100 protein. Granulated cells, both acidophils and basophils, were not stained with peroxidase-labelled anti-S100 rabbit serum (Fab) by the direct staining method. Only stellate-shaped cells with long slender cytoplasmic processes contained nervous tissue-specific S100 protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm, the presence of which was verified by both light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Folliculostellate cells were devoid of specific secretory granules and in areas formed follicles with numerous microvilli and junctional complexes. They often extended long cytoplasmic processes between granulated cells. Ouchterlony double diffusion tests confirmed the presence of S100 protein in the pars distalis of rat pituitary glands. These findings lead to the hypothesis that folliculostellate cells may belong to the neuroectodermal cells and may be specialized cells playing some unknown role in rat adenohypophysis. PMID- 6991055 TI - Regional distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in rat brain determined by microdissection and radioimmunoassay. AB - We have re-examined the distribution of LH-RH in rat brain and in particular those rostral hypothalamic areas reported to contain perikarya by immunocytological techniques. Adult male rats were decapitated and 20 discrete brain structures micro-dissected. Tissue from single rats was homogenized in 50 microliter 0.1 N HCl and 40 microliters of this acid extract was radioimmunoassayed for LH-RH using the R-42 antibody. Low but detectable concentrations which ranged from0.2 to 1.0 pg/micrograms protein were found in the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis (ventral aspect), medial preoptic nucleus (dorsal and ventral aspects), lateral preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus (medial and lateral aspects) and the dorsomedial nucleus. Slightly higher concentrations (1.0 -4.0 pg/micrograms protein) were measured in a rostral, medial basal corridor made up of the suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retrochiasmatic area. LH-RH was not detected (i.e. less than 0.8 pg/area) in the bed nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, caudate nucleus, lateral septal nucleus or the cingulate cortex. PMID- 6991056 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in the human cerebellum. AB - Guinea pig antiserum specific to purified bovine choline acetyltransferase was found to cross-react with human enzyme. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method was then used to demonstrate the localization of choline acetyltransferase in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cerebellum from normal as well as from Huntington's disease brains. Choline acetyltransferase was localized exclusively in the mossy fibers and the glomeruli of the cerebellar folia. These immunohistochemical findings reveal the distribution of cholinergic axons and their terminals. The results are not only similar to our previous studies using the same method on the localization of choline acetyltransferase in rabbit cerebellum, but also demonstrate that some mossy fibers are cholinergic as suggested by others. PMID- 6991057 TI - Gastrin related peptide effects in lateral hypothalamus depend on food deprivation. AB - Gastrin related peptides (PG) affected neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) differently in food deprived than in non-deprived rats. Electroosmosis and intravenous (IV) results agreed. Gastric acid secretion was also measured. Neural responses to PG were: transiently increased discharge rate followed by desensitization occurred equally in deprived and non-deprived rats; dose related decrease in discharge rate occurred significantly more often in non-deprived than in deprived rats. Observed LHA changes and gastric acid secretion occurred pari passu. It was concluded that PG could contribute to LHA control of feeding behavior. It was not determined whether the effects attributed to systemic injection and those attributed to electroosmotic application both had the same origin. The significant differences which were observed could have been either different reacttions by one neuron type, or responses of different neuron types. PMID- 6991058 TI - Golden event celebrated by Veterans Administration. PMID- 6991059 TI - Abortion debate continues: a look at laws, regulations, restrictions and funding. PMID- 6991060 TI - Pulmonary oedema: a review. PMID- 6991061 TI - Oral surgery research base. PMID- 6991065 TI - Effective management a valuable art. PMID- 6991066 TI - Canadian requirements in dental specialties. PMID- 6991064 TI - Teaching practice management. PMID- 6991062 TI - Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma-case report. PMID- 6991063 TI - [Gorlin's syndrome, report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6991067 TI - Applied anatomy of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 6991068 TI - Calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinases from cardiac and smooth muscle: a comparative study. PMID- 6991069 TI - The kinetic properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Escherichia coli. AB - Initial rate kinetic studies on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Escherichia coli are consistent with either of two sequential kinetic mechanisms: rapid equilibrium random, or partially ordered. However, the kinetics of isotope exchange at chemical equilibrium allows clear discrimination in favor of a random mechanism containing a preferred pathway of substrate addition and product release. All plots of exchange rates vs. reactant concentrations leveled off at constant rates at saturating levels of substrates; since complete inhibition of any exchange was not observed, a compulsory sequence may be eliminated. High concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate and (or) ATP repressed the oxaloacetate in equilibrium bicarbonate exchange, however, indicating that the latter pair of substrates add most favorably to the free enzyme. Exchange rates between various substrate-product pairs were not identical, ruling out a formally rapid equilibrium random mechanism with rate-limiting interconversion of the central complex. A comparison of the relative rates of the overall reaction and the ATP dependent oxaloacetate in equilibrium bicarbonate exchange showed the latter to be much faster than net formation of oxaloacetate. The requirement for ATP in promoting this exchange may be rationalized in terms of substrate synergism, with occupation of the ATP binding site a requisite for its catalysis. PMID- 6991070 TI - Identification and partial characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant with altered hydrogenase activity. AB - An Escherichia coli mutant strain with altered hydrogenase activity was isolated using a filter paper assay. This assay depends on the ability of hydrogenase containing microorganisms to reduce methyl viologen impregnated in filter paper, producing purple-colored colonies in the presence of hydrogen. Membrane-bound and cytoplasmic hydrogenase activities of wild-type and mutant strains were compared by amperometric measurement of hydrogen production. The cytoplasmic activities of mutant and wild type were comparable. The membrane-bound activity was lower in the mutant than in the wild type. Upon addition of detergent to the membrane fraction the specific activity of the enzyme from the mutant strain increased so that it equalled that of the wild type. The mutant requires an exogenous electron acceptor for anaerobic growth providing evidence for the function of the hydrogenase in anaerobic growth. PMID- 6991071 TI - Proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes in preauricular lymph nodes and aqueous humour of rabbits showing corneal graft reactions. AB - We wished to determine the proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes in the preauricular lymph nodes and the anterior chambers of rabbits during various stages of graft reactions. The animals received unilateral orthotopic corneal xenografts or skin allografts on the ear. The target cells were identified with the use of fluorescein-tagged antisera specific for rabbit T- and B-lymphocytes. As compared with the percentage in the rabbits that had not received a graft, in both the xenograft and the allograft recipients the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the preauricular lymph nodes during the graft reaction did not change on the side that received the graft but was higher on the side that did not receive a graft. In the recipients of the corneal grafts, as the severity of the graft reaction increased, the percentage of B-lymphocytes in the preauricular lymph nodes on the side that received the graft and the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the lymphoid cell population infiltrating the anterior chamber of the grafted eye increased. The possible mechanisms underlying these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 6991072 TI - Dr. Elizabeth Cass. PMID- 6991073 TI - Dr. Walter John Elliot. PMID- 6991074 TI - Retention of wooden foreign bodies in the orbit. AB - Two cases of retention of wooden foreign bodies in the orbit are presented. Both patients had a draining fistula. A brain abscess developed in one and a foreign body granuloma in the other. In both cases computerized tomography was very helpful in localizing the foreign bodies and the sequelae. In such cases a subperiosteal surgical approach provides good exposure and minimizes the damage to the orbital contents. A high degree of suspicion of penetration of the orbit is essential in tree branch injuries of the eyelids. PMID- 6991075 TI - Muscle recession with a suture loop in rabbits. AB - We recessed extraocular muscles in rabbits using loops of silk sutures. The effectiveness of the pseudotendons produced depended on their relation to the functional equator of the eye and on the length adherent to the sclera. Loops about 5 mm long inserted at or near the functional equator produced effective pseudotendons. If the loops were inserted in front of the functional equator they adhered to the sclera and the advantage of using them was negated. PMID- 6991076 TI - Modified corneal scissors for corneal grafting. AB - Troutman's corneal scissors have been modified so that the blade entering the anterior chamber is on the inner side of the curve of the cut. PMID- 6991077 TI - Kinetics of ADP-induced human platelet shape change: apparent positive cooperativity. AB - The kinetics of ADP-induced human platelet shape change have been examined. Initial velocities of platelet shape change were estimated by two methods: (1) the slope of the initial decrease in light transmission through stirred, citrated platelet-rich plasma, and (2) direct examination of platelet morphologies by phase-contrast microscopy. In both cases, a value of the Hill coefficient, NH, significantly greater than 1 is obtained (2.0 +/- 0.2 and 1.8 +/- 0.2, respectively). The observed elevated value of NH is not due to a substantial fraction of the ADP being platelet bound, the presence of factors in the plasma, platelet heterogeneity, or the influence of the rate of platelet shape change reversion. Our observations suggest that ADP-induced platelet shape change may be a positively cooperative or "threshold" type response. PMID- 6991078 TI - The role of calcium in the control of renin release from the isolated rat kidney. PMID- 6991079 TI - Hepatic nerves: a review of their functions and effects. PMID- 6991080 TI - Influence of nephrectomy on the glucoregulatory response to insulin administration in the rat. AB - Insulin sensitivity and resistance were examined in vivo in uremic rats by using tracer methods which permit the assessment of "non-steady-state" glucose kinetics. By relating the changes in the rates of glucose output by the liver (Ra), uptake by tissues (Rd), and metabolic clearance (MCR) to immunoreactive glucagon and insulin, it was possible to assess the tissue sensitivity to physiologic and supraphysiologic levels of these two hormones and the site of insulin resistance. The effect of an intravenous injection of insulin (100 mU) on glucose turnover was studied in acutely uremic rats 15 h after bilateral nephrectomy and in sham-operated controls, in the postabsorptive state. Glucose output by the liver and uptake by tissues were determined by the primed constant infusion technique using [3H]glucose. Under basal conditions, no significant difference in Ra and Rd between the two groups were observed, while a significant hyperglycemia and a reduced glucose metabolic clearance rate in the face of hyperglucagonemia and normal plasma insulin levels were observed in nephrectomized rats. After insulin injection, the glycemic curves were similar in the two groups, while Ra, Rd, and MCR displayed significantly lower values in nephrectomized rats in the face of higher plasma concentrations of insulin and glucagon. It was concluded that acute uremia in the rat is characterized by a loss of the normal ability of insulin to promote peripheral glucose uptake with retention of hepatic sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 6991081 TI - alpha1,4-Glucosidase-albumin polymers: in vitro properties and advantages for enzyme replacement therapy. AB - Soluble polymers of rat (or human) albumin and alpha-1,4-glucosidase are prepared using the cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde. The resulting polymer has an average molecular weight of 800 000 indicating an average composition of 12 albumin molecules for each enzyme molecule. Compared with an equivalent amount of free enzyme, the enzyme-albumin polymer has an increased resistance to heat denaturation (half-life of 15 h compared with 1 h for free enzyme at 37 degrees C) and to proteolysis by trypsin (half-life of 180 min compared with 10 min). The high degree of resistance to bioinactivation of the enzyme-albumin polymer is discussed in relation to requirements for enzyme replacement therapy in a range of metabolic diseases including type II glycogenosis (Pompe's disease) where alpha-1,4-glucosidase is the defective enzyme. PMID- 6991082 TI - [Microcalorimetry in the taxonomy of some groups of Enterobacteriaceae]. AB - The thermogenesis of 17 strains belonging to 12 species of the Enterobacteriaceae family was measured at 30 degrees C with an ampoule microcalorimeter. It was analyzed qualitatively (aspect of profiles) and quantitatively (total heat evolved, thermogenesis duration, maximum thermal power). The value of these criteria is discussed with respect to their discriminating value in the classification of bacteria. The information obtained may concur with the identification of species; it gives ground to reconsider actual phenotypes and genotypes and taxonomy generally. PMID- 6991083 TI - Rabbit erythrocyte band 3: a receptor for staphylococcal alpha toxin. AB - Enzymes known to specifically cleave the band 3 component of the rabbit erythrocyte membrane were found to reduce both the hemolytic sensitivity to and the binding of the alpha toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. Lectins which bind to band 3 also inhibited the toxin. Lectins which do not bind to band 3 have no effect. Purified band 3, isolated by affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A column, was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a molecular weight of 100 000, and inhibited the hemolytic activity of alpha toxin. Antibodies to the toxin-toxoid receptor were serologically indistinguishable from antiband 3. PMID- 6991084 TI - Modified Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) test for direct identification of hemolytic and nonhemolytic group B streptococci on primary plating. AB - A primary plating medium, using sheep blood agar with preformed zones of cell free staphylococcal beta-hemolysin, was used for direct identification of both hemolytic and nonhemolytic group B streptococci by the direct elicitation of the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) reaction. A positive CAMP reaction consisted of a semilunar-shaped area or circle of complete hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes and occurred only when colonies of group B streptococci developed along the periphery of the preformed zone of staphylococcal beta-hemolysin. Of 104 simulated specimens containing group B streptococci in combination with a variety of microbial species and of 85 vaginal specimens examined, direct recognition of group B streptococci was possible in 64 (61.5%) simulated specimens and in 12 (100%) vaginal cultures. Group B streptococcal colonies not developing along the active edge of staphylococcal beta-hemolysin were still identified by subculture. Of particular value was the facilitated recognition of colonies of nonhemolytic group B streptococcal strains and of hemolytic group B streptococci few in number or overgrown by other microbial species. PMID- 6991085 TI - A simple low cost apparatus for conditioning large volumes of water for virological analysis. AB - A simple low cost proportioning injector can effectively add chemicals such as aluminum chloride hydrochloric acid, and sodium thiosulfate, to condition large volumes of water to detect viruses by adsorption to selected filters. PMID- 6991086 TI - Dr. Jessie Gray (1910-1978). PMID- 6991087 TI - Biomechanics of fracture healing. AB - Internal fixation of fractures alters the physical environment of living bone. The authors have studied the reaction of living bone to force and motion, mainly in sheep. Cortical bone does not undergo pressure necrosis when compression is applied in internal fixation. Compressing the fragments increases the stability of the reduction and leads to uneventful healing without resorption. Small areas of plastic bone deformation owing to mechanical overload are nor removed by surface resorption but by internal remodelling. Interfragmentary motion produces callus and resorption of the contact surfaces. The static compression applied to cortical bone does not induce a change in the rate of internal remodelling. The static forces must exceed the dynamic load to maintain close coaptation at the contact surface. PMID- 6991088 TI - Treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures. AB - The results of 104 patients with fractures of the femoral shaft treated, from 1969 to 1973 at the hopital du Sacre-Coeur in Montreal, by insertion of a large Kuntscher nail alone were compared with those in 70 patients whose femoral shaft fractures were treated, from 1960 to 1975 at the hopital Notre-Dame in Montreal, with a small Kuntscher nail and an autologous iliac graft. Use of a large Kuntscher nail without bone grafting gave good results in the majority of patients. Excessive reaming, however, diminished the area of contact between the fragments and prolonged the healing time. Refracture occurred more often. The average length of time for consolidation in nongrafted fractures was found to be equal to the maximum time for grafted fractures (i.e., 16 weeks). A small Kuntscher nail with an autologous iliac bone graft could be used safely in fractures of the lower third and in the subtrochanteric region of the femur. Grafting produces earlier healing and weight bearing. The hypertrophic callus protects against refracture. PMID- 6991089 TI - Relief of postoperative pain by ibuprofen: a report of two studies. AB - The value of ibuprofen (Motrin) as an analgesic was assessed in two consecutive studies in 425 patients with postherniorrhaphy pain. In the first study, 400 mg ibuprofen proved superior to placebo and as effective as one tablet of a compound containing 375 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, 30 mg caffeine and 8 mg codeine (ACC 8). In the second study, the analgesic effectiveness of 400 mg of ibuprofen was intermediate between that of two tablets of ACC-8 and one tablet of ACC-30 (a compound containing 375 mg ASA, 30 mg caffeine and 30 mg codeine). The side effects of all drugs were negligible. Ibuprofen should be a suitable alternative analgesic in postoperative pain of this type. PMID- 6991090 TI - Reactogenicity and serologic response to trivalent inactivated A/Texas, A/USSR and B/Hong Kong whole-virus influenza vaccine in human volunteers. PMID- 6991091 TI - The "one day at a time" syndrome in post-transplant evolution: the regressive megalomanic model versus the progressive hypomanic model. AB - After kidney transplantation patients experience an initial period of euphoria which is usually followed by a phase of disillusionment and depression. At this point the "one day at a time syndrome" appears as an attitude of adaptation and defense. It is proposed that there are two dynamically and prognostically different varieties of this syndrome: A first type represents a regressive megalomanic defense whereby depressive anxiety concerning the rejection of the part-self represented by the graft is conscious but depressive anxiety concerning the eventual death of the whole self is omnipotently denied. This variety of the syndrome is related to a more negative prognosis both psychologically and somatically. The second type of the "one day at a time syndrome" is a progressive hypomanic defense whereby depressive anxiety concerning the rejection of the part self represented by the graft is present and conscious but relative and does not preclude the conscious depressive anxiety concerning the eventual death of the whole self, which once acknowledged can gradually be mastered, permitting the pursuit of as pleasurable a life as possible. This variety of the syndrome is prognostically more favourable both physically and psychologically. PMID- 6991092 TI - A prospective randomized study of various irradiation doses and fractionation schedules in the treatment of inoperable non-oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. PMID- 6991093 TI - Laparotomy findings in lymphangiogram-staged I and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Ninety patients with Stage I or II, including extranodal (E), presentations of non-Hodkin's lymphoma were investigated by laparotomy, either for the definitive staging of patients with peripheral presentations or for diagnosis of abdominal disease. Sixty-eight patients had staging laparotomies after extensive work-up, which included lymphangiography and bone marrow biopsy. The remaining 22 patients had laparotomies for diagnosis of abdominal symptoms or for management of unrelated surgical problems, with lyphoma being found incidentally. The incidence of positive abdominal findings in the 68 patients who had staging laparotomies depended on histologic subtype. In nodular lymphoma patients, abdominal disease was found in 17 of 28 (61%) and in diffuse lymphoma patients, in 9 of 40 (22.5%). For patients with nodular lymphomas upstaged by laparotomy, the positive findings tended to cluster around an axis consisting of the celiac, porta-hepatic, para aortic, and root of the mesentery lymph nodes. In addition, 64% of these patients had splenic involvement. For the diffuse lymphoma upstaged by laparotomy, the distribution of positive findings was similar to that of the nodular lymphoma group; however, only 1 patient had splenic involvement. By contrast, in approximately half of the diffuse lymphoma patients who had laparotomies for diagnosis, the gastrointestinal tract was found to be involved in addition to the previously cited lymph nodes. PMID- 6991094 TI - Verrucous carcinoma: a light and electron microscopic, autoradiographic, and immunofluorescence study. AB - Verrucous carcinomas of the rectum, plantar surface of the foot, and oral cavity were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and autoradiographic and immunofluorescent techniques. Histologic examination showed that each tumor was composed mainly of mature squamous epithelium, and each had foci of slight cellular atypia. The cells in S-phase consistently were situated near the basal layer. Immunofluorescent examination with antibasement membrane antibody showed areas of marked focal thickening and other areas where basement membrane was absent. Ultrastructural examination showed reduplicated as well as normal basal lamina. Numerous interdigitating microvilli and well developed desmosomes characterized the cells above the basal layer. A proliferative basal zone underlying a thick layer of well differentiated nonproliferating keratinocytes and reduplicated basal lamina were seen in all tumors, regardless of location. These consistent findings constitute evidence that verrucous carcinoma is a morphologic and cytokinetic entity that may occur in multiple anatomic sites. PMID- 6991096 TI - Detection of potent mutagens, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, in broiled fish. AB - The potent mutagens Trp-P-1 (3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]-indole) and Trp-P-2 (3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) are known to be produced by pyrolysis of tryptophan [8]. To determine whether such mutagens are produced by cooking foods, the fractions obtained from broiled sardines cooked in the ordinary way were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that 13.3 ng of Trp-P-1 and 13.1 ng of Trp-P-2 were, in fact, present per gram of broiled sardines. PMID- 6991095 TI - Treatment of advanced colon cancer with 5-fluorouracil (NSC19893) versus cyclophosphamide (NSC26271) plus 5-fluorouracil: prognostic aspects of the differential white blood cell count. AB - One hundred twenty-one patients with advanced measurable adenocarcinoma of the colon were randomized for treatment with intravenous 5-fluorouracil (IV 5-FU) alone, 15 mg/kg/week vs. cytoxan, 15 mg/kg/week IV, on day 1 and 5-FU, 15 mg/kg/week IV during weeks 2--5, repeated in a six-week cycle. Age, sex, performance status, and disease free intervals, were comparable in both arms. Response frequency was 11% for treatment with 5-FU alone and 10% for treatment with combination therapy. The median survival time was significantly greater in the 5-FU-alone arm (8.4 months vs. 5.6 months, P less than 0.05). In both arms, survival was correlated with the nadir white blood count (WBC) achieved during therapy (P less than 0.02). Fourteen patients had pretreatment WBC of greater than 12,000/mm3. None of them had fever, bone marrow involvement with tumor, or recognizable infection at study entry. The 14 patients had a median survival time of 2.3 months, significantly shorter than that of patients with normal pretreatment WBC (P less than 0.05). A pretreatment lymphocyte count was available for all patients. No association between this value and either response to chemotherapy or survival time was noted. These results support the superiority of 5-FU to the combination of 5-FU and cytoxan in the treatment of colon carcinoma, and point to the prognostic significance of the pretreatment WBC in this disease. PMID- 6991097 TI - Whole body hyperthermia: nursing management and intervention. PMID- 6991098 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: an option for children with acute leukemia. PMID- 6991099 TI - Cancer audit: outcome standards to assure quality nursing care. PMID- 6991100 TI - Phase II trials: use of a clinical tumor panel and overview of current resources and studies. PMID- 6991101 TI - Tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone in advanced breast cancer: a controlled clinical trial. AB - Seventy-nine postmenopausal women with stage IV breast cancer and no previous endocrine therapy or chemotherapy received tamoxifen or fluoxymesterone in an open, randomized, cross-over trial. The overall remission rate was 30% with tamoxifen as the first course of treatment and 19% with fluoxymesterone as the first course of treatment. Bone metastases were seen in 21 patients receiving tamoxifen and in 20 patients receiving fluoxymesterone. There were six and five remissions in these two groups respectively. The time to the first change in therapy was significantly longer for the tamoxifen group (P = 0.003). The survival of the patients who received tamoxifen as the first course of endocrine treatment was better (P = 0.05). PMID- 6991102 TI - Randomized trial of chlorpromazine, caffeine, and methyl-CCNU in disseminated melanoma. AB - One hundred and fifty-seven evaluable patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma were randomly assigned to receive either methyl-CCNU (MeCCNU) (200 mg/m2 orally every 6 weeks) (82 patients) or a combination of MeCCNU, chlorpromazine (50 mg/m2 im), and caffeine (600 mg/m2 sc) in the periumbilical area (75 patients). The response rate was 12% for the combination (three complete responses and six partial responses) and 11% for MeCCNU alone (two complete responses and seven partial responses). The median survival was 20 weeks and was the same for both treatments. The data support the hypothesis that caffeine and chlorpromazine do not enhance MeCCNU activity in malignant melanoma, unlike the marked enhancement seen for this drug combination in L1210 leukemia in mice. PMID- 6991103 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, L-asparaginase, Corynebacterium parvum, and Pseudomonas vaccine. AB - Moderate doses of methotrexate and L-asparaginase were added to standard doses fo 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide in an attempt to improve the overall response rate and survival following chemotherapy. In addition, nonspecific immunotherapy with either Corynebacterium parvum or Pseudomonas vaccine was integrated into this prospective randomized clinical trial. The overall toxicity (degree of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, length of myelosuppression, and incidence of myelosuppression-related infection and infectious deaths) increased considerably and led to the termination of patient accrual. The incidence of stomatitis and diarrhea was also increased with the addition of methotrexate and L-asparaginase, and apparently was potentiated by the addition of Pseudomonas vaccine to this five-drug combination. PMID- 6991104 TI - Curative radiotherapy for localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Ten newly diagnosed patients, with localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma classified according to the Lukes-Collins classification, were evaluated for response to treatment with extended-field radiation. All classified tumors were of follicular center cell type (four large cleaved, four large noncleaved, and one small noncleaved). There were nine patients with stage I disease and one with stage II disease. The patient with stage II disease had only two sites of involvement. The disease was nodal in six patients and extranodal in four. All patients are alive without evidence of disease recurrence from 19 to 102 months since diagnosis (median survival, 58 + months). No differences were found in response or survival rates between histologic categories. No significant immediate or long-term complications have occurred. These results suggest that radiotherapy alone is curative for localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and may be superior to recently advocated chemotherapeutic approaches. PMID- 6991105 TI - Combination of levamisole immunotherapy and polychemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - In a randomized double-blind study, 101 female patients with breast cancer treated with Adriamycin chemotherapy in combination with vincristine and cyclophosphamide received either levamisole immunotherapy or placebo. The investigation was preceded by a pilot study involving 44 patients, of whom 25 received levamisole; the intermittent four-drug schedule of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil, however, formed the basis of chemotherapy. In both studies, levamisole increased the response rates (P = 0.03), and in the present controlled trial it also significantly lengthened survival (P = 0.05). The results correlated with initial and levamisole-induced improvement of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6991107 TI - A role of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in squamous cell lung cancer. AB - Forty-one patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer and no prior chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively randomized trial comparing dianhydrogalactitol plus Adriamycin (DA) versus DA plus cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DAP). The DAP regimen was superior to the DA regimen in regression rate (53% versus 27%), median regression duration (255 versus 122 days), median time to tumor progression (approximately 175 versus 58 days), and median survival time (185 versus 126 days). Patients who were greater than 60 years old responded particularly well to the DAP regimen and accounted for most of the survival advantage. Nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression were more frequent and severe with the DAP regimen. This study seems to indicate a role of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer. The particular advantage noted for older patients needs further evaluation. PMID- 6991108 TI - Insulin-like, and insulin-antagonistic, carbohydrate derivatives. The synthesis of aryl and aralkyl D-mannopyranosides and 1-thio-D-mannopyranosides. AB - A number of novel, aryl and aralkyl D-mannopyranosides and 1-thio-D mannopyranosides were synthesized for evaluation of insulin-like and insulin antagonistic properties. The substituted-phenyl alpha-D-mannopyranosides were prepared by the general procedure of Helferich and Schmitz-Hillebrecht, the substituted-phenyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranosides by a method corresponding to the Michael synthesis of aromatic glycosides, and the aralkyl 1-thio-alpha-D mannopyranosides by aralkylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-alpha-D mannopyranose (15) and subsequent O-deacetylation. Compound 15 was obtained by basic cleavage of the amidino group in 2-S-(tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D mannopyranosyl)-2-thiopseudourea hydrobromide, the product of the reaction of tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosyl bromide with thiourea. Benzyl 1-thio-beta-D mannopyranoside, obtained by reaction of the sodium salt of 1-thio-beta-D mannopyranose with alpha-bromotoluene, and benzyl 1-thio-alpha-L-mannopyranoside were also synthesized, in order to assess the stereospecificity of the biological activities measured. PMID- 6991106 TI - Comparison of two combination chemotherapy regimens for multiple myeloma: methyl CCNU, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone versus melphalan and prednisone. AB - Of 139 evaluable and previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma, 67 received methyl-CCNU-cyclophosphamide-prednisone (group A) and 72 received melphalan-prednisone (group B); 48% and 33% respectively had good responses and the overall response rates (good plus partial) were 75% and 65% for groups A and B respectively. The survival curves for both groups of patients were similar, with a median survival of 32 months. At 36 months, 70% of those patients who obtained good response were alive, 29% of those with partial response were alive, and 13% of those with no response were alive. The clinical staging system described by Durie and Salmon shows a good prognosis for stage I patients, with 80% remaining alive at 48 months, while the survival curves for stage II and III patients were similar, with 33% and 28% respectively remaining alive at 48 months. The combination of methyl-CCNU-cyclophosphamide-prednisone is not more effective in terms of response rate or duration of survival than melphalan prednisone. PMID- 6991110 TI - Clinical approach and management of acquired valvular heart disease. PMID- 6991111 TI - Clinical approach and management of congenital heart disease in the adolescent and adult. PMID- 6991109 TI - Role of echocardiographic studies in the ambulatory patient. AB - M-mode echocardiography has been extremely useful in confirming the clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of both congenital and acquired heart diseases. With the present state of the art and science of echocardiogarphy, it is the opinion of the author that M-mode coupled with phonocardiography, external arterial and venous tracings, and two-dimensional ultrasonic cardiac imaging are complementary and together provide the most information in a given patient. Two-dimensional imaging of the heart is superior in the evaluation of congenital heart disease, particularly when used in conjunction with injection of indocyanine green dye43 and with cardiac catheterization. With improvement in technology and greater clinical experience, two-dimensional ultrasound cardiac imaging will ultimately replace M-mode echocardiography in the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac disorders. PMID- 6991112 TI - An approach to the management of outpatients with cardiac arrhythmias. AB - A working knowledge of the anatomic and electrophysiologic concepts of the specialized conducting system of the heart combined with an understanding of the hemodynamic consequences of rhythm disorders provides the framework from which the office-based physician can logically approach management of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The approach includes initial identification of the rhythm disturbance followed by classification on the basis of anatomic site of origin, electrophysiologic mechanism, and rate. The need for therapy is dependent on the presence of unacceptable symptoms and the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Since intervention has the potential for harm as well as benefit, therapeutic goals should be predefined and then reevaluated so that the decision regarding continuation of specific modes of therapy can be justified. Electrocardiographic recording techniques and other scientific advances have provided the office-based physician with the diagnostic and therapeutic tools that were previously limited to in-hospital practice. There is promise of continued rapid advancement in defining the frequency, significance, mechanism, and appropriate therapy for clinical disorders of the heart beat. PMID- 6991113 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cardiovascular drugs. PMID- 6991114 TI - Value and limitations of exercise testing. PMID- 6991116 TI - [In memoriam. Dr. Vaclav Seliger - June 6, 1916 - December 31, 1979]. PMID- 6991117 TI - [Dr. Martin Gavalec - 60 years old]. PMID- 6991120 TI - What is new in acute gastro-enteritis? PMID- 6991118 TI - [Dr. Antonin Fingerland - 80 years old]. PMID- 6991119 TI - [Dr. Frantisek Urban - 70 years old]. PMID- 6991121 TI - Extracellular matrix components synthesized by human amniotic epithelial cells in culture. PMID- 6991122 TI - The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6991115 TI - Imaging procedures in the detection of cardiac tumors, with emphasis on echocardiography: a review. AB - Although cardiac tumors are relatively rare, their diagnosis is important because successful treatment is usually feasible if the diagnosis is made preoperatively. An analysis of 219 reports of cardiac tumors described in the English literature from 1972 through 1977 demonstrated the predominance of benign tumors, in particular myxoma, which is in agreement with past reviews. The methods of diagnosis employed included plain chest films, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, angiocardiography, and cardiac scintigraphy. Conventional x-ray examination of the chest was abnormal in 83% of cardiac tumors but non-specific and should lead to further evaluation, first by echocardiography. Echocardiography, the most efficient diagnostic procedure for screening possible cardiac tumors, was abnormal in 94% of the cases. Cardiac catheterization was abnormal in 80% of cardiac tumors while definitive detection was made by angiocardiography in 94% of the cases. Cardiac scintigraphy has had limited use in the diagnosis of cardiac tumors, but has been diagnostic in 100% of the cases in a small series of myxomas. PMID- 6991123 TI - Deletions of distal sequence after termination of transcription at the end of the tryptophan operon in E. coli. PMID- 6991124 TI - Post-transcriptional regulatory mutants in a ribosomal protein-RNA polymerase operon of E. coli. AB - A high copy number plasmid that carries the promoter PJ, intact rplJ and a deletion of the 3' terminal portion of rplL is detrimental to the growth of the host bacterium. Six independent point mutations on the plasmid that overcome this detriment have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrates that all six mutants are single base pair alterations, occur within the leader region of the rplJ operon and are well removed from the presumed position of the primary promoter, PJ. These mutant plasmids exhibit normal transcription of rplJ-rplL but do not translate rplJ messenger RNA to yield plasmid-specified L10 ribosomal protein. We suggest that these mutations define a regulatory region within the leader sequence of the RNA transcript that serves to modulate the translational efficiency of rplJ messenger RNA. PMID- 6991125 TI - Yeast viral double-stranded RNAs have heterogeneous 3' termini. AB - The yeast virus, ScV, is communicated only by mating. It has two separately encapsidated dsRNAs. One of these, L, codes for the major capsid polypeptide. The other, M, codes for a polypeptide toxic to yeasts without ScV-M particles. Defective interfering particles containing fragments of M (S) displace ScV-M when they arise. We have shown that five independently isolated S dsRNAs are all derived by internal deletion of M. The 3' ends of all the ScV dsRNAs are markedly heterogeneous. For instance, half of the first 35 nucleotides at one 3' end of M and S are variable. Conserved sequences at the 3' ends of M and S are AAACACCCAUCAOH and AUUUCUUUAUUUUUCAOH. Conserved sequences at the 3' ends of L are UAAAAAUUUUUCAOH and AAAAAUXCAOH, where X is variable. We propose that the sequence AUUUUUCAOH is a recognition sequence for the capsid-associated single stranded RNA polymerase activity. Since all the viral RNAs have pppGp 5' termini, their 3' termini probably extended one nucleotide beyond the terminal pppGp. PMID- 6991126 TI - Growth regulation of lens epithelial cells. Chemically-modified sepharose as a suitable substratum for studying cell-substratum interactions. AB - Suitable substrata for studying cell-substratum interactions were prepared by melting of unsubstituted and substituted agarose beads (Sepharose). The reductive alkylation procedure proved to be useful in introducing various ligands into the gel matrix. The resulting bonds remained stable during sterilisation and melting. The introduction of charges into the gel matrix facilitated cell adhesion to the substratum. But only positively-charged agarose substrata were as effective as glass surfaces in supporting cell attachment. The correlation found between cell attachment and the stimulation of DNA synthesis demonstrates that lens epithelial cells are strongly anchorage dependent. PMID- 6991127 TI - Variations in accessibility of DNA during traumatic regeneration by Owenia fusiformis (polychaete annelid). AB - One of the earliest events observed in the 'dedifferentiation phase' of traumatic regeneration is an in vivo increase in transcription. In order to see whether that increase corresponds to a variation at the level of genetic material, we prepared chromatin from normal and regenerating animals (12 h after amputation) for transcription in vitro by E. coli RNA polymerase. The template activity of regenerating chromatin was 2.1-fold higher than normal under standard conditions and showed an altered response to variation of the ionic strength of the medium. The accessibility of DNA in the chromatin was tested using mild digestion by DNAase II. Almost twice as much DNA was solubilised from regenerating chromatin as from normal chromatin. These data were correlated with morphological changes (decondensation) observed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6991128 TI - [LAI test in pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991129 TI - [Josef Jerie--his life, time, activity, and credits]. PMID- 6991131 TI - [Dr. Tibor Klacansky--60 years old]. PMID- 6991130 TI - [In memoriam. Dr. N. Vinsova]. PMID- 6991132 TI - [On the 65th birthday of Dr. Otakar Nyklicka]. PMID- 6991133 TI - [On the birthday of Dr. J. Kiml]. PMID- 6991134 TI - [Dr. Stefan Jablonicky - 60 years old]. PMID- 6991135 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease)]. AB - A 3-month old infant was found to suffer from a solid painless soft tissue swelling situated in his left scapular region and accompanied by pronounced anaemia and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The ominous clinical course as well as X-ray pictures of the scapula gave rise to a suspicion of a malignant tumour development. Biopsy from the surface of the bone gave no unambiguous answer. A histological examination of the whole surgically removed shoulder blade revealed the presence of infantile cortical hyperostosis. PMID- 6991136 TI - [Dr. Vladislav Sedivec--60 years old]. PMID- 6991137 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis--Caffey-Silverman syndrome]. PMID- 6991138 TI - [Biocompatible materials for filling of root canals]. PMID- 6991139 TI - [Prof. Velgos, on his birthday]. PMID- 6991140 TI - [A remembrance of a pioneer in the nationalization of health services in Moravia at the end of the last century]. PMID- 6991141 TI - Effect of 2,3-dinitrilo-1,4-dithia-9,10-antraquinone on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and yeast cells. AB - The inhibition of glycolysis by 2,3-dinitrilo-1,4-dithia-9,10-antraquinone (DDA) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells as well as in the investigated respiratory and fermentative strains of yeasts was found to be the result of inactivation of thiol enzymes of this pathway. Increasing concentration of DDA caused, in EAC cells, marked inhibition of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and practically total inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). These three enzymes, as well as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were also inactivated by DDA in yeasts. DDA inhibited the biosynthetic processes as measured by following the rate of [14C]adenine and [14C)]valine incorporation into TCA-precipitable fractions proportionally to the degree of glucose consumption by EAC or the yeast cells. PMID- 6991143 TI - Development of a papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient while on high dosage ascorbic acid therapy. AB - A case of reticulum cell sarcoma apparently successfully treated with mega ascorbic acid therapy is described briefly. While the patient continued a large maintenance dose of ascorbic acid, a papillary thyroid carcinoma developed clinically. The role of ascorbic acid in the body resistance to cancer and in tumour prevention is discussed. PMID- 6991142 TI - Mutagenicity of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in Salmonella typhimurium, Streptomyces coelicolor and Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Eight structurally related halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons mono-, di- and trichloroacetaldehyde (the last in the anhydrous and hydrate form), moni-, di- and trichloroethanol and allyl chloride, were tested for their ability to induce gene mutations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. The genetic systems employed were the Salmonella reversion test with strain TA1535 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation, a forward and a back-mutation system in S. coelicolor and two forward mutation systems in A. nidulans. Each compound was tested with the spot and plate incorporation assay techniques. Mono-, di- and trichloroacetaldehyde were mutagenic in all the microorganisms employed; all the halogenated ethanols were positive in A. nidulans, while in S. typhimurium and in S. coelicolor the only active forms were respectively the mono- and dichloroderivatives. Allyl chloride was active in S. typhimurium and S. coelicolor and negative in A. nidulans. The technical approach as well as the complex influence of different factors (toxicity, volatility and stability) on the genetic response of each of the compounds under test did not allow to obtain more than a qualitative relationship between mutagenic potency and chemical structure. PMID- 6991144 TI - [Results of perforating keratoplasty in chronic edema of the cornea]. PMID- 6991145 TI - Escherichia coli diarrhoea. AB - In recent years it has become clear that three types of Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, and enteroinvasive-play important roles in the etiology of acute diarrhoea. This report reviews the available knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of acute diarrhoea caused by these three types of E. coli, summarizes information on their laboratory diagnosis, and outlines priorities for further research. Particular attention is paid to important aspects of the relationship between enterotoxigenic E. coli diarrhoea in young animals and in man, and to recent advances in the development of E. coli vaccines for use in animals and their potential relevance to the development of an E. coli vaccine for use in man. PMID- 6991146 TI - Does BCG vaccination protect the newborn and young infants? PMID- 6991147 TI - Evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other serological tests for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in human toxoplasmosis in three laboratories using their own procedures. The same batch of serum samples was investigated in the three laboratories. ELISA results were compared by statistical analysis both with one another and with those of the dye test (DT), immunofluorescence (IF), complement fixation test (CFT), and indirect haemagglutination (IHA).Highly significant correlations were obtained between the three laboratories with ELISA using two different antigens and enzyme conjugates. The correlations between ELISA and the other serological tests showed the following sequence: CFT>IF>IHA>DT. Highly significant correlations were obtained between ELISA using anti-gamma-chain and anti-total immunoglobulin conjugates. The agreement in discrimination between sera with low and high antibody levels was good for all the different ELISA techniques but discrimination between positive and negative sera depended rather on the ELISA procedure used. PMID- 6991149 TI - Lipoprotein protein receptors and their relation to atherosclerosis. PMID- 6991148 TI - Renal effects of dopamine during prolonged hemorrhagic hypotension in the dog. AB - Dopamine has been reported to increase renal blood flow during hemorrhagic shock. Since this effect would be of considerable benefit in shock, the effect of dopamine on hemorrhagic hypotension to 70 mm Hg for five hours was studied. Plasma renin activity and outer cortical blood flow were significantly greater in the group of dogs receiving dopamine. Total renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and potassium excretion were similar in both groups; however, the ratio of urine sodium to potassium concentration followed closely the plasma renin activity. We conclude that dopamine infusion alone is of limited value in improving renal hemodynamics and function during hemorrhagic hypotension to 70 mm Hg. In addition, increased plasma renin activity produced by dopamine infusion during hemorrhage would tend to offset the expected increases in renal blood flow and sodium excretion. PMID- 6991150 TI - Some cardiovascular properties of prostacyclin (PGI2) which are not shared by PGE2. PMID- 6991151 TI - Receptor concepts. A century of evolution. PMID- 6991152 TI - Peripheral dopamine receptors. AB - Dopamine produces dilation predominantly in renal and mesenteric vascular beds. An action on a specific receptor has been confirmed in vitro using a perfused canine mesenteric vessel preparation. Reductions in resistance produced by dopamine are selectively inhibited by methylergometrine (pA2 = 8.3) and sulpiride (pA2 = 5.6). Evidence is accumulating which suggests that vascular dopamine receptors are innervated. Periaterial nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs produces increases in blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery which are not influenced by atropine and propranolol but are inhibited by haloperidol. Dopamine receptors are also present at sympathetic ganglia and sympathetic nerve terminals. Inhibition of noradrenaline release resulting from stimulation of these receptors may make an important contribution to the depressor effects of dopamine receptor agonists in anesthetized animals and in man. Reductions in blood pressure induced by bromocriptine and other long-acting dopamine receptor stimulants are frequently associated with reductions in heart rate, but not always with a corresponding depression of myocardial contractile force. This phenomenon may be explained by a selective distribution of prejunctional receptors in sympathetic neurons innervating the sinus node. PMID- 6991153 TI - Steroid receptors and hypertension. PMID- 6991154 TI - Radioreceptor assay of plasma mineralocorticoid activity. Role of aldosterone, cortisol, and deoxycorticosterone in various mineralocorticoid-excess states. PMID- 6991155 TI - Inlet and intrachamber concentration distributions in tracer studies of the canine central circulation and their relation to the isotope dilution residue function. AB - We analyzed the isotope dilution residue function from a single cardiac chamber for an arbitrary inlet distribution of tracer and arbitrary mixing within the chamber, and established a general relationship between cardiac output and the chamber residue function. In our experiments, we made simultaneous temperature measurements in three left ventricular chamber subregions of the dog subjected to left and right atrial injections of chilled saline. Flow-proportional tracer labeling always occurred at the left ventricular inlet when injection was into the right atrium. This state almost never obtained, however, with direct left atrial injection, although it was approximated most closely when multiple side hole cathers were used. We also demonstrated that imperfect tracer mixing in the normal ventricle can lead to significant regional temperature inequalities during tracer passage. These inequalities are more pronounced in the ventricle with compromised function, but in both normal and compromised ventricles they are minimal several beats after tracer concentration peaks if injection is into the right atrium. PMID- 6991156 TI - Effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate on renin release and renal hemodynamic function during chronic sodium depletion in conscious dogs. AB - We studied the control of renin release and renal hemodynamic function by administering prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors to conscious sodium-depleted dogs with blockade of the adrenergic nervous system induced by bilateral renal denervation and propranolol administration. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) reduced plasma renin activity (PRA) by 59% from a high sodium-depleted value, but PRA was still 3 times the normal sodium-repleted level. Arterial pressure, CCr, CPAH, urine flow, and potassium excretion fell strikingly. Similar results were obtained with meclofenamate. When SQ 14,225 was given to another group of conscious, sodium-depleted dogs with adrenergic nervous system blockade, PRA increased from the high sodium-depleted level of 5.7 to 29.3 ng of Angiotensin I (AI)/ml per hour; indomethacin (10 mg/kg) appeared to reduce PRA (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) but to only 12.1 ng of AI/ ml per hour, which is 17 times the normal level. This high level of PRA after blockade of the adrenergic nervous system and injection of indomethacin suggests that important mechanisms other than norepinephrine and renal prostaglandins control renin release; it is proposed that both the renal vascular receptor and the macula densa are involved. The marked decreases in CCr and CPAH in response to indomethacin emphasize the important role of renal prostaglandins in the control of renal hemodynamic function during sodium depletion. PMID- 6991157 TI - Single arterial trunk arising from the aortic arch. AB - A 59-year-old male with a single, arterial trunk arising from the aortic arch is reported. No orther cases of this anomaly have been confirmed; a review of the literature does not reveal another reported case of this abnormal arterial configuration. PMID- 6991158 TI - Cardiorespiratory responses of cardiac transplant patients to graded, symptom limited exercise. AB - The electrocardiographic and ventilatory responses of 15 denervated heart patients who had undergone cardiac transplantation and 14 age-matched, normally innervated men were compared to assess the pattern of response to graded treadmill exercise. A 5-minute postexercise venous lactate sample was also obtained. Respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation (Ve) were higher in denervated patients than in normals during submaximal exercise. Peak values (normals vs denervated) for heart rate (172 vs 159 beats/min), blood pressure (189 vs 167 mm Hg), oxygen uptake (37 vs 25 ml/kg/min), oxygen pulse (0.22 vs 0.16 ml/kg/beat) and work time (26.2 vs 18.0 minutes) were higher in normals than in cardiac transplant recipients. Peak ventilatory equivalent (2.14 vs 3.13 l/ml/kg) and lactate values were higher for transplants than for normal subjects, but there were no significant intergroup differences in peak Ve or in the respiratory exchange ratio. In cardiac transplant recipients, work time correlated inversely with a measure of rejection history (r = -0.59, p less than 0.01). The response of cardiac transplant recipients to treadmill work differs from that of normal men and reflects a diminished ability to meet the oxygen demands of the exercising periphery. PMID- 6991159 TI - Measurement of tricyclic antidepressants. Part II. Applications of methodology. AB - This review, together with Part 1 (Clin. Chem. 26: 5-17, 1980), summarizes progress in measurement of tricyclic antidepressants in biological fluids and the application of the methodology to clinical practice. For many of the older drugs and for all of the new-generation antidepressants, further studies are required to delineate the precise relationship between plasma concentration and clinical response in well-defined diagnostic groups. For new drugs, rigorous evaluation of a method of measurement is required before it is applied to clinical studies. Assessment of drug interactions, inter-patient variability in plasma concentrations, and determination of the plasma concentrations required for therapeutic response all depend almost entirely on the quality of the assay methodology. PMID- 6991160 TI - Total serum cholesterol by isotope dilution/mass spectrometry: a candidate definitive method. AB - We describe a highly accurate and precise method for determination of total cholesterol in serum by isotope dilution/mass spectrometry. The method was developed for a Study Group of the Committee on Standards of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, for use in establishing the accuracy of a candidate reference method for total cholesterol, and fulfills their criteria for a definitive method. Cholesterol-d7 is added to serum, with the weight ratio of cholesterol-d7 to total serum cholesterol kept near to 1:1. The esters are hydrolyzed and the cholesterol is separated and converted into the trimethylsilyl ether derivative for measurement by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The intensity ratio of the molecular ions at m/z 465 and 458 is measured for each sample and for two calibration mixtures, according to a prescribed bracketing protocol. A weight ratio for the sample is obtained by linear interpolation of the ion-intensity ratios, and the total cholesterol is then calculated. The method was applied four times over several weeks to each of five serum pools. Statistical analysis involving consideration of both replication error and variability between weeks gave a coefficient of variation for a single measurement of 0.36%. The absence of interferences in the method was demonstrated by measurements at several other masses. PMID- 6991161 TI - On-line liquid-chromatographic analysis for drugs in serum with the Technicon "FAST-LC" system: performance data for theophylline and for four commonly used anticonvulsants and their metabolites. AB - We describe a new instrument for use in assay of therpeutic drugs in serum by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, the "FAST-LC" system (Technicon). Serum samples are aspirated directly into the unit, extracted with solvent, and the evaporated and redissolved extract is injected onto a chromatographic column. We illustrate the performance of the system by assays in serum for theophylline and four anticonvulsants (primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine) plus two of their active metabolites (phenylethylmalonamide and carbamazepine epoxide). For theophylline, final chromatograms are monitored at 270 nm, at analysis rates of 10/h. Concentration and absorbance are linearly related from 0 to 130 mg of theophylline per liter. For the anticonvulsants, chromatograms are monitored at 200 nm, at analysis rates of 7.5/h. The six individual determinations are each linear beyond the therapeutic range. For both drug panels, day-to-day CV's were 4 to 6%. Results correlate well with those by enzyme immunoassay. A total sample volume of 150 microL is required. PMID- 6991162 TI - Growth hormone cell antibodies and partial growth hormone deficiency in a girl with Turner's syndrome. AB - Growth hormone (GH) cell auto-antibodies have been demonstrated in the serum of a girl with an iso-chromosome variant of Turner's syndrome. On two occasions she showed an abnormal response of GH release during insulin induced hypoglycaemia. Her response to GH treatment was poor, but this was commenced at a very late bone age. It is possible that autoimmunity is a new aetiological factor for GH deficiency in some cases. PMID- 6991163 TI - Fetal origin of amniotic fluid insulin in the human mother. AB - To investigate the origin of insulin in amniotic fluid amniocenteses were carried out in pregnancies with live, dead and anencephalic fetuses. Amniotic fluid insulin of pregnant women bearing live fetuses was 9.0 +/- 2.1 microU/ml; in six women with dead foetuses amniotic fluid insulin was not detected. A significant positive correlation was observed between gestational age and the amniotic fluid concentration of insulin. In the amniotic fluid of the four women bearing anencephalic fetuses, the amount of hormone was within normal limits (10.0 +/- 1.4 microU/ml). Intravenous glucose administration (0.33 g/kg body weight) to the mother doses not influence levels of insulin in amniotic fluid, but brought about changes in amniotic fluid glucose concentration. These findings support the conclusion that human amniotic fluid insulin is of fetal rather than maternal origin. PMID- 6991164 TI - Androgens and sexual behaviour in women using oral contraceptives. AB - Twenty women using oral contraceptives and complaining of impaired sexual function were compared with twenty women without sexual problems, matched for age and oral contraceptive. Whilst the sexual behaviour differed in the two groups, the plasma testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol and SHBG concentrations were very similar. The total androgen levels were low in both groups. Plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations were correlated with measures of sexual interest in the no-problem group, but not in the problem group. Administration of exogenous androstenedione to women in the problem group, using a double blind cross-over comparison with a placebo, failed to improve their sexual function except in one case. The majority of women showed a rise in androgen and oestradiol between day 24 of one pill cycle and day 4 of the next. The possible behavioural indications of this pattern are discussed. PMID- 6991165 TI - [Past histories and present problems in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991166 TI - [Guide-line for selection of the diabetic treatment method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991167 TI - [The problem of control of diabetic microangiopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991168 TI - [Management of troubles produced by the treatment of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991169 TI - [The present state and problems in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991171 TI - Platelet antibodies in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - An immunofluorescence (IF) technique for the detection of antibodies was applied to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Serum platelet antibodies were found in thirteen out of twenty-two patients (59 percent) with active disease, but in only four out of fifteen patients (27 percent) who had attained remission. Direct tests for platelet-associated IgG were positive in 36 and 44 percent of these patients respectively. In two cases IgM was observed on the patients' platelet membranes. C3 was not detedted on patients' platelets. Platelet associated IgG was also found in several other disorders and its occurrence is not therefore diagnostic of ITP. In addition, serum platelet antibodies do not indicate specifically ITP as they may also be due to previous isoimmunization. Antibodies in the sera of patients with ITP generally did not fix Clq and in most cases bound to platelets only in the presence of EDTA. In contrast, isoantibodies often fixed Clq and they had equal affinity for platelets suspended in ACD or EDTA plasma. This was confirmed by quantitative data on IgG binding by platelets obtained by measuring 125-I-labelled protein A uptake. The simplicity of the IF technique permits its routine application and the technique may give useful information with respect to the nature of the antibodies. It must, however, be considered of limited value in the diagnosis of ITP. PMID- 6991170 TI - Immune complexes and antibodies to BCG in sera from patients with mycobacterial infections. AB - We have examined the prevalence of circulating immune complexes in sera from patients with mycobacterial infections. Sera from 68 percent of patients with active M. tuberculosis and 58 percent of patients with M. intracellulare infections had significantly elevated Clq binding activity (Clq-BA). In general there was a fall in Clq-BA with treatment. Only 15 percent of M. tuberculosis patient with a bacteriological cure, 22 percent of non-tubercular patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 3 percent of normal individuals had an elevated Clq-BA. Antibodies to a BCG-derived antigen were demonstrated in most of the individuals studied in all groups but, significantly elevated levels were seen only in patients with mycobacterial infections. In certain patients there appeared to be an inverse relationship between Clq-BA and BCG binding, suggesting that perhaps BCG-related antigens participated in the immune complexes found. Other possible antigen-antibody complexes are discussed. PMID- 6991172 TI - Antibodies to the structural polypeptides of measles virus following acute infection and in SSPE. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to determine the specificity of IgG antibodies from normal sera, sera and CSF from patients with SSPE for the structural polypeptides of measles virus. The polypeptide specificity of antibodies from these sources were qualitatively similar; these results indicate antigenic cross-reactivity between SSPE-derived (Mantooth) and non-SSPE-derived strains of measles virus and stimulation of antibody formation by comparable antigens. PMID- 6991173 TI - Anti-lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sera of Thai adults infected with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. AB - Because of the potential for the elimination of lymphocytes through anti lymphocytotoxic antibodies we examined individual sera of patients infected with falciparum or vivax malaria for the presence of antibodies against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In assays done at 15 degrees C, 95% of the P. falciparum patients and 98% of the P. vivax patients showed evidence for antibody activity. Activity at 37 degrees C was significantly less than that at 15 degrees C. These studies suggest that infection with malaria induces anti-lymphocytotoxic antibodies which are predominantly cold-reactive. It is possible that this phenomenon plays a role in modulating the immune response of patients toward malaria. PMID- 6991174 TI - In vitro studies of the normal human B lymphocyte receptors for preformed soluble dengue antigen-antibody complexes. AB - Preformed soluble dengue antigen-antibody with or without complement complexes could bind to the surface of human lymphocytes via IgG (Fc) or complement receptors respectively. It may be that these lymphocytes were B lymphocytes not T lymphocytes. Dengue antigen or antibody alone will not attach to the surface of those cells. It is emphasized that dengue antigen-antibody complexes can form in the circulation and some will bind to the surface of the B lymphocytes in vivo and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever. In addition mice could develop glomerulonephritis by injection with preformed soluble dengue antigen-antibody complexes. These mice showed proteinuria and deposits of the immune complexes in the glomeruli of the kidneys. PMID- 6991177 TI - Failure of suppression of intrarenal angiotensin II in the contralateral kidney of one-clip two-kidney hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Two-kidney one-clip hypertension was produced in rats by application of a 0.20 mm clip to the left renal artery. 2. After three weeks, the animals had mildly elevated PRA, kidney renin was elevated in the clipped kidney and markedly suppressed in the contralateral kidney when compared to values in sham-operated rats. 3. Intrarenal AII was elevated in the clipped kidney either when compared to the contralateral kidney or to values in the controls. However, in the contralateral kidney, AII was not different from controls. 4. Changes in intrarenal AII do not, therefore, always parallel those of renal renin. Failure of suppression of AII in the contralateral kidney is likely to be of pathogenetic importance in development of hypertension in this experimental model. PMID- 6991175 TI - Large mononuclear (veiled) cells like 'Ia-like' membrane antigens in human afferent lympn. AB - Studies were done to see whether large mononuclear cells in human afferent lymph possess cytoplasmic veils or Ia-like antigens on their surface. Small numbers of veiled cells were seen in lymph from five subjects: one with post-phlebitis oedema, one with trophic ulcers of the legs, one with common variable immoglobulin deficiency, and two control subjects. They were not seen in afferent lymph from two other patients with oedema of the legs, and one control subject. Only occasional large mononuclear (veiled) cells formed rosettes with IgG-coated erythrocytes, and they did not attach to glass after overnight culture. They had a distinctive nuclear structure and fluorescent antisera showed that their membranes and veils possessed large amounts of 'Ia-like' antigens. They did not have surface immunoglobulin or a monocyte membrane antigen. It was concluded that the membrane and nuclear structure of human large mononuclear (veiled) cells is in keeping with the possibility that they are derived from Langerhans' cells in the skin, and that they can become interdigitating cells in lymphoid tissues. It is suggested that these cells have an important role in the transport of antigens from the skin and the stimulation of T lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues. PMID- 6991176 TI - Comparison of haemodynamic responses to positive-end-expiratory ventilation and pericardial effusion in dogs. AB - 1. The haemodynamic responses to progressive increments in positive end expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) were assessed in dogs in the presence and absence of pericardial effusion (2.2 ml saline/kg). 2. Increasing levels of PEEP (3, 4, 8, 16 cm H2O) were associated with increases in right atrial, left atrial, pericardial and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; increases in pulmonary vascular resistance; decreases in aortic blood pressure; and decreases in cardiac index or stroke index. 3. Pericardial effusion that was associated with an increase in pericardial pressure of 3 mmHg was not associated with significant changes in aortic blood pressure or stroke index. In contrast 8 cm PEEP was associated with significant decreases in both these haemodynamic variables yet pericardial pressure increased only 2.2 mmHg. 4. For these levels of PEEP and pericardial effusion, the same haemodynamic response to PEEP was observed regardless of the presence or the absence of pericardial effusion. 5. Similar changes in aortic blood pressure and stroke index despite different pericardial pressures is reflected by significantly different intercepts in the linear model relating these haemodynamic variables to pericardial pressure in the presence and absence of pericardial effusion. 6. The results suggest that these haemodynamic consequences of PEEP are primarily a function of pulmonary hyperinflation and are less dependent on increases in extracardiac pressure per se. PMID- 6991178 TI - Zinc-induced activation of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6991179 TI - Suppression of spleen natural killing activity induced by BCG. PMID- 6991180 TI - Depressed leukocyte migration inhibition in response to streptococcal antigens in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6991181 TI - Age- and sex-related glomerulonephritis in New Zealand white mice. PMID- 6991182 TI - Blood transfusion-induced facilitation of kidney graft survival in rats (congenic resistant strains). AB - The correlation between the degree of histoincompatibility and kidney graft survival after active sensitization by blood transfusions has been investigated in congenic resistant strains of rats with MHC (H-1)-restricted incompatibility as compared to standard strains. It has been found that the beneficial effect of transfusions for graft survival becomes most evident when compatibility for the so-called minor non-H-1-antigens exists. H-1-congenic rats with MHC differences alone show indefinite graft survival irrespective of the interallelic combination. Donor-specific sensitization is the treatment of choice. Third-party blood is by far inferior. H-1-identical, but non-H-1-different blood, with respect to the recipient strain genotype, is ineffective in the facilitation of H 1-different grafts. The facilitation effect does not increase with the number of blood injections. As early as 1 week after blood treatment, there is permanent survival of grafted kidneys, but there is a definite loss of graft-protecting factors with time. PMID- 6991183 TI - Control of plasma aldosterone during chronic hemodialysis. AB - To investigate the effect of chronic hemodialysis (CH) on adrenal aldosterone release plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol (PC) and the serum concentrations of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) were measured before and at monthly intervals up to 26 months after initiation of CH in 42 patients with terminal renal failure. Body weight (BW), systolic (BPs) and diastolic (BPd) blood pressure were determined simultaneously. With 2 exceptions PA, PRA and PC as well as BW, BPs and BPd showed no significant changes. Following month 2 K was always significantly higher than the starting value while significantly higher Na values were observed in 12 of 26 different test periods (P less than 0.05--less than 0.001). Correlation analysis between the various parameters determined in this study revealed in 16 of 26 different months a significant relationship between PA and PRA (P less than 0.05--less than 0.001) and as expected in 20 of 26 between BPs and BPd (P less than 0.05--less than 0.001). Only at times were punctual correlations seen between any of the remaining parameters. Our results demonstrate that the prime influence of the renin angiotensin system on PA remains unaltered during CH. We conclude that the observed punctual correlations between the various parameters determined in this study are random and do not reflect a true relationship. PMID- 6991184 TI - Dialysis hyperlipemia: response to dietary manipulations. AB - The effects of dietary manipulations on plasma lipid concentrations were studied over a 3 month period in 8 stable uremic patients on dialysis. Each of the 4 diets was of 3 weeks' duration, and consisted of the following periods: Control (regular diet), high carbohydrate (60% of total calories ingested), control, and a low carbohydrate diet (20% of total calories ingested). The patients' weight remained stable throughout the study. A 33% reduction in plasma triglyceride concentration was observed during the low carbohydrate period (P less than 0.05, paired analysis), and a 33% increase above control values was observed during the high carbohydrate period (P less than 0.05, paired analysis). Cholesterol concentrations did not vary and remained within normal limits throughout the study. There was no significant correlation observed between either insulin or glucagon levels and variations in triglyceride concentration. Reduction in the proportion of carbohydrate in the diet of dialysis patients, may be an effective long-term therapeutic approach to their hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 6991185 TI - Recurrent and de novo membranous glomerulonephritis in renal cadaver allotransplants. AB - Significant glomerular changes occur in a substantial number of renal cadaver allotransplants. Transplant glomerulopathy and recurrent glomerulonephritis account for most of the lesions whereas the development of de novo glomerulonephritis is a rare event. Only a few cases of membranous glomerulonephritis in the graft have been documented. The four patients presented all developed heavy proteinuria of 11.5 to 14 g/day 5 months to 1 year after transplantation. Three cases of de novo membranous glomerulonephritis were transplanted because of renal failure due to chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis and medullary sponge kidney. One patient has recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis. Transplant biopsy revealed only minimal glomerular changes by light microscopy in all cases. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated typical membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6991187 TI - Brief review. Hypertension and the heart. AB - Epidemiologic studies led cardiologists to consider hypertension as a cardiovascular disease although hemodynamic methods developed in the early 1940s were in some cases already used with hypertensive patients (Fejifar and Fejifarova, 1961). Present knowledge of the role of the heart in hypertension is limited because the methods of measuring the more "peripheral" hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac output, heart work, total blood volume, or resistance, are inadequate for characterization of cardiac function. An extensive application of invasive methods, however, may only be taken into consideration if, for instance, a preoperative diagnosis of coronary heart disease must be made at the same time. In addition, noninvasive methods such as phonocardiography, carotid sphygmography, conventional apex cardiography, and similar methods which were the only techniques available in the past, are of little use in the characterization of cardiac function and in hypertension. PMID- 6991186 TI - Hemochromatosis in a renal transplant recipient. AB - A 47 year old kidney transplant recipient who died from liver failure caused by hemochromatosis, is described. The diagnosis was established by post mortem examination. The question whether these findings are an extreme form of the common pathological changes seen in the liver in other transplant recipients, or were related to infectious hepatitis or were due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy, remains unanswered. PMID- 6991188 TI - Treatment of delayed union and nonunion with an implanted direct current stimulator. AB - A multicentered research program on direct electrical current for stimulation of bone healing was performed by 30 Australian orthopedic surgeons. The program was designed to test an implanted device named direct current bone growth stimulation (DCBGS). The DCBGS achieved union in 72 of 84 (86%) cases of ununited fractures of long bones. These results are comparable to those obtained with other devices. The time to achieve sound union however, appears to be significantly less than by conventional bone grafting techniques. The procedure is safe and simple, with a short hospital stay and low rate of complications. Certain technical details have been stressed. The presence of previous infection is not a contraindication to this procedure. The procedure has advantages over Phemister or Charnley bone graft operations in that it produces less pain, generally avoids the need for a cancellous bone graft and allows an anterior approach to the shaft of the tibia when this might otherwise not be possible. The results for the various techniques of applying electric stimulation to bone are generally comparable although the clinical indications favoring one technique over another have yet to be determined. Electric stimulation used as described is an effective method of treatment for ununited fractures of long bones. PMID- 6991189 TI - Review of the treatment of thalidomide children with limb defeciency in Great Britain. AB - Thalidomide-induced deformities, affecting some 400 British children, caused various combinations of malformations. Classified by type of defect and whether confined to upper and/or lower limbs, the malformations can be treated on a radional basis. The treatment from infancy to the present time includes the fitting of carbon dioxide gas-powered upper limb prostheses, initially in their simplest form and finally in the most sophisticated form. For a baby with bilateral lower phocomelia, a special "sitting socket" was devised to enable sitting in an upright position. When each child was about 12 to 15 months of age, extension protheses were supplied and the effects on walking when upper limbs are malformed or absent were noted. The methods of achieving personal independence and developing constructive youngests' pastimes are important. One patient was so well rehabilitated that she was able to marry and start a healthy family. PMID- 6991190 TI - Association of congenital anomalies of the spine and kidneys. AB - Specific congenital malformations of the spine are consistently associated with characteristic types of urinary tract malformation. Patients with defects of the spine such as spina bifida occulta, partial or complete absence of the sacrum, unilateral or bilateral failure of segmentation, and wedged vertebrae are not usually associated with congenital urinary tract malformations. Spina bifida and myelomeningocele have a low incidence of urinary tract abnormalities (2.1% in this study). If there are other spine abnormalities associated with spina bifida, the incidence or urinary abnormalities increase 10 times. However, hemivertebrae occurring alone in patients or occurring in conjunction with other anomalies of the spine, are most frequently associated with urinary tract abnormalities (66%). Hemivertebrae of the low cervical and upper thoracic spine carries the highest incidence of associated urinary tract malformation. PMID- 6991191 TI - The classic. The child amputee: George T. Aitken, M.D., and Charles H. Frantz, M.D. PMID- 6991192 TI - Recent advances in surgery of lower limb deficiencies. AB - A vast literature describing the treatment of lower limb deficiencies has accumulated in the past 20 years. Amputation and prosthetic replacement has come to be recognized as the major technique of limb-length restoration in these major lower-limb deficiencies. Experience has shown that early amputation can avoid major repetitive surgical procedures, and that disarticulation is the procedure of choice in the young child. A better understanding of the natural history of these major limb deficiencies has permitted the surgeon to develop a treatment program when the child is first seen, and to be able to recommended it to the parents with confidence. PMID- 6991193 TI - Accumulation of Tc-99m-DTPA in uterine myoma. AB - A case is presented in which concentration of Tc-99m-iron ascorbate-DTPA has been demonstrated in a benign leiomyoma of the uterus. Increased vascularity in the tumor might be the cause of the Tc-99m-DTPA uptake. PMID- 6991194 TI - Severe streptococcal infection complicating chickenpox. PMID- 6991195 TI - Relaxation training as an adjunct to treatment in a hyperactive boy. PMID- 6991197 TI - An experimental model for assessing effects of anorectics on spontaneous food intake of obese subjects. AB - Ad libitum access to food by use of a platter service is a new method for studying spontaneous food intake in obese human subjects. The effect of diethylpropion on energy intake was evaluated by the platter-service method in 2 overweight adult male subjects hospitalized on a metabolic unit for 41 days. This double-blind experiment was divided into 12 consecutive 3-day study periods during each of which the subjects received either 25 mg diethylpropion or a matching placebo before each meal. In this design protocol the 12 study periods provided 6 consecutive drug-placebo trials for each subject. To encourage ad libitum ingestion, food was served "family style" from large platters and pitchers at meals, and snacks were always available. Subjects were not aware that their intake was being monitored. On diethylpropion administration both subjects had an average decrease in energy intake of 11% and 15% (p less than 0.005). The platter service model, which provides a near-natural eating situation under systematic control, appears to be a useful and sensitive method for assessing effects of anorectic drugs on spontaneous food intake. PMID- 6991196 TI - Antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of oxprenolol versus propranolol. AB - Oxprenolol is an experimental beta adrenergic blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. To compare the effects of long-term administration of oxprenolol on hypertension and hemodynamics with the effects of propranolol, 20 patients with essential hypertension were divided in a double-blind random manner into two 10-patient groups and given placebo for 2 wk, followed by equipotent doses of oxprenolol or propranolol for 5 wk and by placebo for another 2 wk. Right heart cardiac catheterization was performed at the beginning and at the end of the 5-wk beta blockade. Heart rates and blood pressures fell markedly with both agents, although standing heart rate was lowered more by propranolol than by oxprenolol. Plasma renin activity was much lower after beta blockade with either drug. There was no correlation between decreases in blood pressure and renin activity. Although during the stress of repeat cardiac catheterization heart rates remained significantly lower than control, the intra-arterial pressures were not altered significantly by oxprenolol or propranolol, nor was there significant change in pulmonary pressure, vascular resistance, or cardiac output. Thus oxprenolol closely parallels the effects of propranolol in essential hypertension. The negative chronotropic action of both drugs is more marked than their antihypertensive activity. PMID- 6991198 TI - Hospitals amidst the credit crunch. PMID- 6991199 TI - Survival of CFU-C in recipient blood after bone marrow transplantation. AB - In six patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation granulocyte colony and cluster forming units were detectable in the blood up to 24 hours after intravenous marrow infusion. The mean surviving fraction 30 minutes after the end of the infusion was 0.3 for colonies and 0.42 for total aggregates. CFU-C declined logarithmically with time, but a small secondary rise in blood CFU-C occurred 2--6 hours after the end of the marrow infusion. Three patients were plasma-exchanged immediately before the marrow graft for major donor-recipient ABO incompatibility. The proportion of total groups remaining in the blood at 30 minutes was significantly higher in the plasma-pheresed patients (P = less than 0.05), and the secondary rise in CFU-C was less marked, but no correlation of the blood CFU-C decay curve with the subsequent fate of the graft was observed. PMID- 6991200 TI - [History of angina pectoris and coronary artery spasm through the work of Prinzmetal]. PMID- 6991201 TI - A computer-based dental diagnostic case simulation (DDS) system. PMID- 6991203 TI - [Growing pain - a personal history (9)]. PMID- 6991202 TI - [Hitherto unknown profile of Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 6991204 TI - [A woman of parts. Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 6991205 TI - Depot fluphenazine and flupenthixol in the treatment of stabilized schizophrenics. A double-blind comparative trial. PMID- 6991208 TI - Immunologically induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis: experimental models in rats. AB - Experimental models of immunologically induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) in rats are described. Antitubular basement membrane (anti-TBM) nephritis was demonstrated to be a TIN resulting from an antigen antibody reaction. Renal transplant rejection and the local graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction were cell mediated immune reactions in which the antigen was possibly shared by kidney structures. A cellular immune reaction to locally applied antigens was shown to be the basis for another experimental model of TIN, possibly originating from activated mediator systems. PMID- 6991207 TI - Pseudopsychosis: a reexamination of the concept of hysterical psychosis. PMID- 6991206 TI - Renal dialysis and suicide: occurrence in Switzerland and in Europe. PMID- 6991209 TI - Effects of acute haemodialysis-induced changes in sodium balance upon experimentally hypertensive rats. AB - In two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive, spontaneously hypertensive, and normotensive control rats, the activity of the renin-angiotensin system was tested during variation of sodium balance. Acute, exactly calculable and selective changes in total body sodium were achieved by haemodialysing conscious rats, using dialysates with high and low sodium contents. The activity of the renin-angiotensin system was evaluated by blood pressure response to angiogtensin II blockade (saralasin bolus injection; 25 micrograms/kg b.w., i.v.) and plasma renin activity. During sodium-depletion, blood pressure maintenance became renin dependent; sodium-loading caused a decrease of renin-angiotensin activity in renovascular hypertension. A weak direct correlation between depressor response to saralasin and the plasma renin activity could be established in the different sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded states. PMID- 6991210 TI - The rat as experimental model for organ transplantation: technique of rat kidney transplantation. PMID- 6991211 TI - Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies in haemodialysis and haemofiltration. PMID- 6991212 TI - Secretion of arginin-vasopressin, aldosterone and corticosterone and plasma-renin activity in water-deprived rats. PMID- 6991213 TI - Calcium, cola, calamity. AB - It appears that, in spite of many critics, the intake of soft drinks will continue to increase and that of milk will continue to decrease. The soft drinks contain no nutrients other than sugar, whereas milk contains many nutrients. Thus, the substitution of soft drinks for milk results in great decreases of minerals, protein, and vitamins but calcium is a nutrient of particular concern because milk is the major source of calcium. Therefore, the trend towards substituting soft drinks for milk should be reversed in order to ensure adequate intake of calcium and better nutrition. PMID- 6991214 TI - Prediction of total exchangeable body sodium from the early-tracer disappearance curve. PMID- 6991215 TI - Dangers of synthetic fiber implantation for male pattern baldness. AB - A case report is presented herein of synthetic fiber implantation for male pattern baldness with secondary foreign body granuloma formation and persistent infection of the scalp. PMID- 6991216 TI - Bullous hemorrhagic eruption: a drug-induced disease. AB - A case is reported of bullous hemorrhagic eruption associated with furosemide. The condition represents a drug-induced vasculitis which presents clinically as a striking purpuric eruption with multiple tense subepidermal bullae. The typical clinical findings, the course of the eruption and negative or nonspecific immunofluorescent findings are distinctive enough to consider this a specific entity. PMID- 6991218 TI - John Walter Wilson, MD. 1903--1980. PMID- 6991217 TI - Comparison between undecylenic acid and tolnaftate in the treatment of tinea pedis. AB - A double-blind parallel study comparing tolnaftate cream with undecylenic acid ointment and a placebo ointment in the treatment of symptomatic tinea pedis was conducted on the warm, humid Texas Gulf Coast. In one hundred and three patients studied, both the clinical and mycological effects of the two antifungal agents were indistinguishable. Both were significantly more effective than the placebo. PMID- 6991219 TI - Ashy dermatosis--a variant of lichen planus? AB - Immunofluorescence studies on a patient with clinical and histological evidence of ashy dermatosis revealed a pattern commonly associated with lichen planus. In view of these findings, the possibility of a relationship between ashy dermatosis and lichen planus is suggested. PMID- 6991221 TI - [Abraham Colles--his life and work]. PMID- 6991220 TI - An open trial of the effect of a zinc pyrithione shampoo in tinea versicolor. AB - The effect of zinc pyrithione 1 percent, incorporated in a shampoo, has been tested in an open trial of twenty patients with tinea versicolor. The period of treatment was two weeks, and eighteen patients returned for follow-up visits two weeks after the last day of treatment. All of these patients were cured of tinea versicolor clinically, under Wood's light, and microscopically. No side effects were noticed in any of the patients and the patients found the shampoo cosmetically acceptable. PMID- 6991223 TI - [Interests in orthopedics of Polish surgeons of the 19th century]. PMID- 6991222 TI - [Regeneration of the fibula after taking a graft used in spondylodesis]. PMID- 6991224 TI - [Jacques Leveuf (1885-1948)]. PMID- 6991225 TI - [Presidential address of Lucien Leger, President of the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 6991227 TI - [Personnel in the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 6991226 TI - [Papineau's operation, apropos of the communication of J. Mine and coll., 28 November 1979]. PMID- 6991228 TI - Classic articles in colon and rectal surgery. Hippocrates: on fistulae. PMID- 6991229 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Walter Whitehead 1840-1913: The surgical treatment of haemorrhoids. PMID- 6991230 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the colon: a case report and review of literature. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the colon, excluding that of the rectum, is extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon with a brief review of literature. The clinical manifestations in our case were typical: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and a palpable tumor that was firm, smooth, and mobile inspite of its bulk. Toxic features, cachexia and weight loss were less prominent. Morphologically the tumor was of dumbbell type with intracolic and extracolic components. The microscopic picture, consisting of spindle-shaped smooth-muscle cells with pleomorphism and one to three mitotic figures per high power field, was characteristic. In the absence of local spread, a hemicolectomy was considered curative, but our patient developed extensive metastasis in 25 months. The correlation between mitotic activity of the tumor and prognosis in our case was consistent with that reported in literature. PMID- 6991231 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the rectum and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon: by W. Ernest Miles, 1869-1947. PMID- 6991234 TI - [Cloning and expression of the chemically synthesized gene of the hormonoid bradykinin in a bacterial cell]. PMID- 6991233 TI - Prostatitis and related diseases. PMID- 6991232 TI - Surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6991235 TI - [Effect of "group specific" inhibitors on highly purified adenohypophyseal prolyl (D,L)-alanine peptidohydrolase]. PMID- 6991237 TI - [Non-small cell bronchial carcinoma. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis]. PMID- 6991236 TI - [Bacterial DNA-methylase methylation of eukaryotic DNA containing different amounts of 5-methylcytosine]. PMID- 6991238 TI - Nefopam: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. AB - Nefopam is a non-narcotic analgesic not structurally related to other analgesic drugs. It is effective by the oral and parenteral routes, and when appropriate dose ratios were compared in short term studies it was shown to produce analgesia comparable to that with the oral analgesics aspirin, dextropropoxyphene and pentazocine, as well as that with 'moderate' doses of parenteral morphine, pethidine and pentazocine. However, when 'higher' dose ratios were compared, morphine and pethidine were usually more effective than nefopam, possibly due to a 'ceiling effect' for analgesia which may occur with higher doses of nefopam, as with other simple analgesics. Although a few patients with chronic pain have received nefopam for several weeks, further studies are needed to clarify its continued effectiveness and safety when used over long periods. In most patients nefopam has been relatively well tolerated, the most frequent side effects being sweating, nausea and in some studies sedation. PMID- 6991239 TI - Drug-induced weight gain. AB - Untoward long term morbidity and mortality and excess non-compliance with treatment may result from the weight gain induced by some drugs used for the treatment of severe psychological disorder. Whilst some weight gain during the recovery from psychological disorder is to be expected, excess weight gain, over and above the patients normal weight, is not necessary to good outcome and can be avoided. Patients vulnerable to excess weight gain can often be identified prior to beginning treatment. PMID- 6991241 TI - Migraine: current approach to prevention and treatment. PMID- 6991240 TI - A guide to drug interactions in anaesthetic practice. PMID- 6991243 TI - Analytical testing procedures: a critical review. PMID- 6991242 TI - Residues and effects in mice after drilling wheat treated with cholordenvinphos and an organomercurial fungicide. PMID- 6991244 TI - [Research in nursing: an interdisciplinary field]. AB - This paper describes the growing importance of research in the nursing field and reviews its development since Florence Nightingale's day in the last century, and its revitalization with the help of the international organizations. Research, an empirical process by nature, is the application of the scientific method, in which reliable solutions to concrete problems are found by objective procedures. One of its characteristics is the framing of concepts, that is, the development of a logical, scientific chain of reasoning by which relationships between facts are established or inferred. Nursing embraces many activities that are traditionally referred to as the nursing process which, stated simply, is no more than an application of the scientific method. That it is applied with greater rigor in the sciences themselves does not detract from the scientific dimensions of nursing practice. It is perhaps going too far to regard all professional nurses as researchers. They may, however, be expected to have the intellectual curiosity to pursue lines of inquiry in their extensive field. They should continue to do so as participants in a joint effort with other disciplines to solve problems relating to health. PMID- 6991245 TI - [Morphological studies of the changes in the cerebral cortex in endotoxic shock in dogs]. AB - The objective of this study is to gain knowledge on the morphologic changes in the brain cortex at the height of an endotoxin shock, since only scanty data on these changes are available in the literature. Sixteen dogs, injected intravenously with endotoxin of Escherichia coli strain 0111:B4 in a dose of 2 mg/kg bodyweight, comprised the study group. Four hours after the endotoxin injection the brains of all experimental animals were examined by routine histologic methods and of five of them--by electron microscopy. The results of light- and electron-microscopic examination showed that the morphologic lesions were localized in the microcirculatory area and the ganglial cells of the brain. The microcirculation changes included a wellmarked sludge-phenomenon and changes in endothelial cell structure (increase in the number of ribosomes and pinocytic vesicles, enhanced luminal evagination), which, as a whole, are a morphologic expression of increased vascular permeability. It is assumed that the observed cortical neurone changes are due to microcirculatory disorders and have no bearing on the direct action of endotoxin on them. PMID- 6991246 TI - [Enzymatic polymorphism and its practical application]. PMID- 6991247 TI - [Brain and kidney renin-angiotensin system in rats with simultaneously induced cerebral and renal ischemia]. AB - The objective of the present work was to study the changes in the brain and renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during their simultaneous stimulation by ischemia. Experiments were carried out on the following groups of male normotensive Wistar rats: intact, with brain ischemia, with renal ischemia, with combined brain and renal ischemia. The three ischemic groups of animals had some arterial pressure elevation without reaching hypertensive values. In animals with combined brain and renal ischemia brain renin concentration (BRC) was raised, while plasma renin activity (PRA) was reduced relative to the intact controls, i.e. as in animals with brain ischemia alone. Renal renin concentration (RRC) in the ischemic kidney was at the level of the one in intact animals and in animals with brain ischemia. In the intact contralateral kidney of rats with combined ischemia RRC was reduced relative to the intact kidney of animals with renal ischemia and statistically insignificantly reduced relative to the RRC in intact controls and in animals with brain ischemia. The results of this study showed that inverse ratio between renal and brain RAS exists also in the single clamped--birenal model of hypertension. Interaction between the two RAS is manifested when they both are simultaneously stimulated, with prevalence of the effect of brain RAS, which affects renin secretion in the kidney. PMID- 6991248 TI - Evidence supporting a two-receptor model for insulin binding by cultured embryonic heart cells. AB - Curvilinear Scatchard plots for insulin binding by cultured embryonic heart cells at 15 C were interpreted assuming a two-receptor model (Santora II, A. C., F.B. Wheeler, R.L. DeHaan, and L.J. Elsas II, Endocrinology 104:1059, 1979). The present studies test this hypothesis further. Both 125I-labeled hormone binding and 2-methylamino-[1-14C]isobutyric acid ([14C]meAIB) transport were assayed at 24 C in identical buffers. Equilibrium chicken insulin-binding experiments yielded curvilinear Scatchard functions, consistent with binding to both high affinity, low capacity and low affinity, high capacity receptor sites at 24 C. Insulin-stimulated transport of the model amino acid [14C]meAIB (a specific alanine-preferring system substrate) paralleled the expected occupancy of the low affinity receptors. In competitive binding assays, the abilities of multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), proinsulin, and insulin to compete for primarily high affinity insulin binding were compared with their abilities to stimulate transport. The relative potencies for binding competition with 34 pM chicken [125I]insulin were insulin greater than proinsulin greater than or equal to MSA (1:0,05:0.03). In contrast, the relative potencies for stimulating [14C]meAIB transport were MSA greater than insulin greater than proinsulin (3:1:0.28). Maximal stimulation of transport by insulin was not additive to that by MSA or proinsulin. The relative potency profile for binding competition with [125I]MSA was the same as that for stimulation of transport: MSA greater than insulin greater than proinsulin (2-3:1:0.2-0.3). Proinsulin, added in excess of insulin at a constant molar ratio, reduced low affinity insulin binding to a greater extent than it reduced high affinity insulin binding. Moreover, the extent of binding to each receptor was predicted from, and thus directly supported, our biological potency data, in which proinsulin was nearly one third as potent as insulin at the low affinity receptor yet possessed only 5% of insulin's potency at the high affinity receptor. The different relative affinity profiles suggest that these two receptors had binding site specificities for different portions of the insulin molecule. Each experiment with proinsulin and insulin in a constant molar ratio was carried out in parallel with an experiment in which insulin was the only unlabeled hormone. Analysis of the results from weighted nonlinear least squares regression fits of data to Michaelis-Menten equations showed that a two-receptor model was necessary to fit the data obtained with insulin as the only unlabeled hormone. Low affinity site binding parameters were also needed when data within each parallel experiment were pooled. The following kinetic experiments indicated the absence of enhanced dissociation of bound [125I]insulin by unlabeled insulin... PMID- 6991249 TI - Neurotensin neurons in the rat hypothalamus: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Neurotensin was localized in the hypothalamic tissues of adult Sprague-Dawley rats by immunoperoxidase techniques. Visualization of perikarya was greatly enhanced by intraventricular administration of colchicine. Many perikarya containing neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were seen in the medial preoptic area, the periventricular hypothalamus, the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamus in the perifornical area. There were moderate numbers of cell bodies in the ventral portion of the anterior hypothalamus, the dorsomedial nucleus, and the posterior hypothalamus. No positive cells were seen in the suprachiasmatic, ventromedial, or mammillary nuclei. Reactive fibers were generally distributed in the same regions as cell bodies. Additional dense collections were seen in the lateral part of the zona externa of the median eminence, the pituitary stalk, the posterior mammillary nucleus, and the most lateral portions of the hypothalamus at the medial edge of the crura cerbri. There were smaller numbers of fibers found in the pre-mammillary and posterior hypothalamic nuclei and the posterior pituitary gland. These results indicate that the neurotensin system in the hypothalamus is very extensive and complex, as it is in many other brain regions. Neurons and fibers are found in many hypothalamic areas, including projections to the hypophysial portal system in the median eminence, suggesting that neurotensin may affect neuroendocrine mechanisms at several levels, including the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 6991251 TI - Catamenial epilepsy: a review. AB - This review of 126 reports on catamenial epilepsy describes seizure exacerbations associated with the menses. The importance of hormonal measurements, the influence of antiepileptic drugs and oral contraceptives, and the significance of hormonal changes on epilepsy are evaluated. The EEG changes during menses are discussed. Explanations for conflicting data are offered, and potential future investigations on catamenial epilepsy are suggested. PMID- 6991250 TI - A clinicopathological study of minute polypoid lesions of the colon based on magnifying fiber-colonoscopy and dissecting microscopy. AB - Magnifying fiber-colonoscopy reveals that adenoma, minute carcinomatous lesion in an adenoma (which is termed focal carcinoma), and mucosal carcinoma of the colon, each has its own characteristic pit pattern. Inspection by dissecting microscope of resected specimens obtained from subjects whose colonic mucosa had been considered normal, often reveals an abnormal pit pattern of less than 1 mm, and subsequent histologic examination confirms the frequent presence of incipient adenoma. Clinical magnification inspection of areas of colonic mucosa considered normal on the basis of ordinary observation, reveals pit patterns identical to those seen in resected specimens. PMID- 6991252 TI - Structural studies on yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Identification by immuno affinity chromatography of one glutamyl residue essential for yeast 3 phosphoglycerate kinase activity. Its location in the primary structure. AB - 3-Phosphoglycerate kinase is inactivated by 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2 morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate and nitrotyrosine ethyl ester. The coupling of 1 mol nitrotyrosine/mol enzyme is sufficient to inactivate the protein completely. A weak protection against inactivation is observed with each substrate added separately. In contrast, the complex ATP--3-phosphoglycerate -enzyme or ATP--Mg--3-phosphoglycerate--enzyme affords a considerable protection. The critical residue is identified as a glutamyl residue after isolation by immuno-affinity chromatography of nitrotyrosyl peptide resulting from exhaustive proteolytic digestion of the modified protein. In addition, the determination of the primary sequence of the C-terminal part of the protein leads to the location of the glutamyl residue at position eight from the C-terminus. We conclude that this glutamyl residue is situated in the domain which does not bind the nucleotide substrates [Bryant, T.N., Watson, H.C. and Wendell, P.L. (1974) Nature (Lond.) 247, 14--17]. Its role in the catalysis process is discussed. PMID- 6991254 TI - Precursor forms of the subunits of nitrate reductase in chlA and chlB mutants of Escherichia coli K12. AB - The synthesis of nitrate reductase by a parental Escherichia coli K12 strain and its isogenic chlA and chlB mutants has been analyzed by protein double labelling with L-[4,5-3H]leucine and sulphur-35 and by immunoprecipitation using specific antiserum. The chlA and chlB mutants although defective in nitrate reductase activity retain the ability to synthesise the different polypeptides that are normally required for functional enzyme activity. In addition the data shows the following. 1. These polypeptides are present in unequal quantities in the membrane and in the cytoplasm of the cells. The chlB mutant synthesizes three times more nitrate reductase than the chlA mutant. 2. The subunit composition of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase present in the two mutants is different. 3. Membrane preparations from the chlB mutant contain the three subunits alpha, beta, gamma in a ratio which is similar to the wild type. 4. In the chlA mutant the two subunits beta and gamma are missing and the level of alpha subunit is very low. In the same membrane a 48,000-Mr subunit (polypeptide beta') precipitable by nitrate reductase antiserum has been found. The chlA and chlB mutants accumulate the three subunits alpha, beta and gamma in different proportion and concentrations in the cytoplasm unlike the parental strain. 5. The cytoplasm from the chlA mutant also contains the beta' polypeptide found in the membrane fraction of this mutant and in addition contain another polypeptide designated alpha' of molecular weight 105,000 which is precipitated by the nitrate reductase antiserum. The formation of particulate active nitrate reductase can be achieved by mixing the supernatant fractions of the chlA and chlB mutants (complementation) and procedes by two distinct but mutually dependent stages. Following reconstitution of activity the two peptides alpha' and beta' present in the supernatant fraction of the chlA mutant, disappear. Analysis of the immunoprecipitate polypeptides present in both the soluble and particulate nitrate reductase protein after reconstitution suggests that these polypeptides are precursors of the alpha and beta subunits following a process that remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6991253 TI - Pulse-fluorometry study on actin and heavy meromyosin using F-actin labelled with N-(1-pyrene)maleimide. AB - The single-photoelectron counting technique was used for measurement of the fluorescence decay kinetics of N-(1-pyrene)maleimide conjugated to the fast reactive cysteine of actin. The fluorescence decay curve of the labelled G-actin could not be described by a single-exponential function but by a double exponential function. Polymerization of actin was accompanied by significant changes in the decay parameters of the two decay components. We found that the ionic strength, which plays an important role in the G-F equilibrium, scarcely affected these parameters provided that the labelled actin exists in the monomeric state. Thus it is suggested that the conformational change of actin protomer occurs at the time of association. When heavy meromyosin was added to the labelled F-actin, the decay parameter changed monotonically on increasing saturation of binding of heavy meromyosin and it levelled-off around a ratio of heavy meromyosin:actin of 0.5 mol/mol. Decay parameters under the influence of heavy meromyosin had values intermediate between those observed for the labelled G-actin and for the labelled F-actin. Therefore, it is suggested that binding of heavy meromyosin to F-actin alters the conformation of actin protomer towards that similar to G-actin. PMID- 6991255 TI - Interaction of Escherichia coli EF-Tu.GTP and EF-Tu.GDP with analogues of the 3' terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 6991257 TI - A novel method to improve immunofluorescence in histological specimens. AB - A new approach to immunofluorescent labeling of sectioned tissue is described. Small tissue fragments which have been fixed and rendered permeable are labeled with immune reagents by either the direct or indirect method, prior to embedding in glycol methacrylate (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) at 4 degrees. In this way, the well-known superiority of plastic embedding over paraffin embedding or cryo sections can be used to compare cellular structure in tissues with that seen in cultured cells. PMID- 6991256 TI - Bromopyruvate as an affinity label for baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2. Stoichiometry of incorporation and localization on the peptide chain. AB - We have reported in a previous communication a kinetic study showing bromopyruvate to behave as an active-site-directed reagent for flavocytochrome b2. It is shown here that inactivation is accompanied by incorporation of 3 mol reagent/subunit of oxidized intact enzyme and 4 mol reagent/subunit nicked enzyme. Only one of the modifications is presumed to be responsible for activity loss. All labeled groups are found to be cysteines. Incubation of reduced nicked enzyme with bromopyruvate results in total protection of activity and loss of only one sulfhydryl group. A subsequent incubation in the presence of the competitive inhibitor sulfite leads to some more loss of non-essential groups. After these two pretreatments, incubation in the presence of bromo[2-14C]pyruvate results in incorporation of 1.2--1.5 mol reagent/subunit concomitant with the loss of about 0.8 active site. A study of the distribution of label between fragments alpha and beta has been carried out using gel electrophoresis and Sephadex filtration after selective proteolysis. It is shown that the active-site sulfhydryl group corresponds to one of the four cysteines situated in the last two thirds of fragment alpha. The structural and functional implications of these results is discussed. PMID- 6991258 TI - Interaction of SQ 20009 and GABA-like drugs as modulators of benzodiazepine receptor binding. AB - SQ 20009, a new anxiolytic drug structurally unrelated to GABA or benzodiazepines, has two modulatory effects on the binding of 3H-flunitrazepam to membranes from rat cerebellum. Thus, SQ 20009 has a direct and chloride ion dependent stimulatory effect on benzodiazepine receptor binding which in turn appears to be modulated by the associated GABA receptor. In addition SQ 20009 has indirect effects on benzodiazepine receptor binding since it enhances the potency of GABA and muscimol to stimulate 3H-flunitrazepam binding. PMID- 6991259 TI - Blood levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F 1 alpha during endotoxin-induced hypotension in rabbits. AB - Levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha), the non-enzymic degradation product of prostacyclin, were measured in arterial blood from anaesthetized rabbits, before and after intravenous (i.v.) administration of endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharine W E. coli 0111:B4, 5 mg/kg). 6-Oxo-PGF1 alpha was assessed by radioimmunoassay after extraction and separation by thin-layer chromatography. The basal concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in blood was less than 100 mg/ml in 19 out of 20 rabbits. This indicates that the level of circulating prostacyclin is generally below 100 pg/ml. The administration of endotoxin induced a biphasic hypotension, and increased levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were found in all endotoxin-treated animals during the secondary hypotension after 60 and 120 min. Pretreatment with indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg) prevented the secondary fall in arterial blood pressure and significantly suppressed the rise in 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. However, indomethacin failed to alter the endotoxin-induced thrombocytopenia and did not modify the endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. It is concluded that prostacyclin contributed to the secondary hypotension which accompanied the i.v. administration of endotoxin. Thromboxane A2 seems not to be of primary importance in the endotoxin-platelet interaction. PMID- 6991260 TI - The regulation of nuclear migration and division during synchronous bud formation in released stationary phase cultures of the yeast Candida albicans. PMID- 6991261 TI - The components of the troponin complex and development in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6991262 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopy of the intracellular translocation of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. PMID- 6991263 TI - The distribution of tau and HMW microtubule-associated proteins in different cell types. PMID- 6991264 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopy of a myopathy. alpha-Actinin is a major constituent of nemaline rods. PMID- 6991265 TI - Function of the dense plaques during mitosis in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6991266 TI - Changes in calcium and magnesium levels during heat-shock synchronized cell division in Tetrahymena. PMID- 6991267 TI - Autologous sciatic nerve grafts to the rat spinal cord: immunofluorescence studies with neurofilament and gliofilament (GFA) antisera. PMID- 6991268 TI - Myofibroblasts in connective tissue capsules around implanted dental materials. AB - For testing the biocompatibility of dental materials in an experimental animal model the capsular tissues around the implanted dental materials were examined light and electron microscopically. The exudative inflammation and fibrosis at different times after implantation were thought to be the indicators of the degree of the compatibility. Starting from the knowledge of the occurrence of myofibroblasts in reparative granulation tissue we looked for such cells in the capsular tissues. Myofibroblasts were especially found at three weeks after onset of the experiments. Structural peculiarities of this fibroblast modulation are emphasized. Myofibroblasts are considered as an essential link between the early exudative reaction and the late fiber formation in tissue reactions after mechanical injury. PMID- 6991269 TI - Quantitative data on the secretory granules in the normal mouse endocrine panreas. A morphometrical study using semi-automatic image analysis. AB - In order to obtain basic information on different morphometrical parameters a semi-automatic image-analysis of the secretory granules of the B-, A-, D- and PP cells of the normal adult mouse endocrine pancreas was carried out. The following results were obtained: Cross sectional area of whole secretory granules: A greater than B greater than D greater than PP; cross sectional area of secretory granule cores: A greater than B; ratio of cross sectional area of whole secretory granules to secretory granule cores: 2.35 for B-cells and 1.74 for A-cells; maximum diameter of whole secretory granules: A greater than B greater than D greater than PP; maximum diameter of secretory granule cores A greater than B; form factor for whole secretory granules: A greater than B greater than D and PP; form factor for secretory granule cores: A greater than B. The findings show that the secretory granules of the parenchymal cells of the normal adult mouse endocrine pancreas differ from each other with respect to the size and form of both whole granules and cores. PMID- 6991270 TI - Active transport of dimethialium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Dimethialium, a derivative of thiamine which has a methyl group in place of hydroxyethyl group at the t-position of the thiazole moiety, was found to be accumulated in nonproliferating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the same transport mechanism for thiamine. The results strongly support the supposition that thiamine as well as dimethialium can be transported and accumulated without obligatory phosphorylation in yeast cells, since dimethialium is not phosphorylated by yeast thiamine pyrophosphokinase. PMID- 6991271 TI - Synthesis, crystallization and properties of acetyl phenylalanyl lysine chloromethyl ketone: a potential inhibitor of serine proteases. AB - A procedure for the synthesis of acetyl phenylalanyl lysine chloromethyl ketone is described. The chloromethyl ketone derivative is a noncompetitive inhibitor of trypsin (Ki = 5.9 x 10(-3) M). PMID- 6991272 TI - Scope and limitations of experimental chemotherapy. PMID- 6991273 TI - Fibroblast cell-substratum interactions: role of cold insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin). PMID- 6991274 TI - Candida utilis as a convenient and safe substitute for the pathogenic yeast C. albicans in Daniels' phototoxicity test. AB - Candida utilis is a safe and convenient substitute for the pathogenic yeast C. albicans in phototoxicity tests. With both organisms 8-methoxypsoralen and a terthienyl give positive results while photodynamic compounds give negative results. PMID- 6991276 TI - Functional potential of ectopic marrow autotransplants. AB - Ectopic autotransplants of the marrow tissue, form within 4 weeks, stable nodules which respond to erythropoietic modulation in a manner similar to other parts of the marrow. The findings indicate that these autotransplants are an integral part of the total hemopoietic mass. PMID- 6991275 TI - Skeletin immunoreactivity in peripheral nerves. AB - By use of monospecific antibodies against the cow heart intermediate filament protein, skeletin, an antigenic relationship between skeletin and neurofilament protein of peripheral nerves is demonstrated. Crossreactivity is also demonstrated in the filament-containing Schwann cells. The results are consistent with the existence of several subclasses of related intermediate-sized filament proteins. PMID- 6991277 TI - Pituitary response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in diabetic male rats. AB - The rise in serum lutenizing hormone concentration after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone was less in diabetic castrated male rats than control castrates. In intact male rats, gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment resulted in higher serum luteinizing hormone concentrations in diabetic than in control rats. PMID- 6991278 TI - Effect of insulin in vivo on the synthesis of free fatty acids (FFA) in chicken heart and skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of insulin on the synthesis of free fatty acids from glucose in the skeletal and heart muscles of chicken is examined. 10 min after glucose-(U-14C) administration, labeled free fatty acids (FFA) appeared in both skeletal and heart muscles. 0.75 IU of insulin kg-1 b. wt significantly increased the labeled FFA at the 30, 60 and 120 min intervals, with a maximum at 60 min. PMID- 6991279 TI - Effect of Shigella flexneri endotoxin on ureagenesis and liver ultrastructure in rabbits. PMID- 6991281 TI - [Vasilii Mikhailovich Sennikov (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6991280 TI - [Age-related aspects of pharmacokinetics (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6991282 TI - [Pressing problems of pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 6991283 TI - [Effect of ATP on the contractile activity of different sections of the digestive tract]. AB - In chronic tests on fistulized dogs ATP only with its intravenous administration, starting from a dose of 0.33 mg/kg inhibited motility of the stomach, small and large intestines. The intensity and duration of the inhibitory effect depended on the dose of ATP administered, but beginning from the dose of 0.09 mg/kg the effect of saturation started developing. The adrenoblocking agents phentolamine and inderal, the sympatholytics isobarin and ornidum did not eliminate the inhibitory action of ATP. The latter effectively suppressed the periodic and food motility of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the motility induced by the insulin-produced hypoglycemia, by carbacholine and methoclopramide. PMID- 6991284 TI - [Mechanism of the stimulating effect of furosemide, ethacrynic acid and novurit on renin secretion by the kidneys]. AB - It was shown in chronic experiments on dogs that denervation of the kidneys does not eliminate the stimulant action of furosemid, etacrinic acid and novurit. Stoppage of the urine flow in dogs with a denervated single kidney did not lead to a complete removal of the stimulant effect of the diuretics on renin secretion. PMID- 6991285 TI - Arrangement of respiratory nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. Location of beta subunit. PMID- 6991287 TI - Transfer of mitochondria into protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by mini protoplast fusion. PMID- 6991286 TI - Detection by affinity methods of a pladmid-coded enzyme (guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) in a coupled transcription/translation system from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6991288 TI - Subunits of E. coli RNA polymerase forming 3'-OH binding site at initial stages of transcription process: possible role of delta-subunit. PMID- 6991289 TI - Primary structure of yeast acidic ribosomal protein YP A1. PMID- 6991290 TI - Chemical carcinogens and human risk assessment. PMID- 6991291 TI - Operation of the central nervous system in reflex circulatory control. PMID- 6991292 TI - Phylogenetic distribution, regulation of secretion, and prolactin-like effects of placental lactogens. AB - The occurrence of placental lactogens has been reported for members of 4 orders, 7 families, and 15 genera, while its absence has been documented in representatives from 4 orders, 5 families, and 5 genera. Placental lactogens from several genera have been isolated, purified, and characterized biochemically. The cellular sites of production and patterns of secretion of placental lactogens have been described. The regulation of placental lactogen secretion is not understood, although its synthesis and release can be modified experimentally by altering metabolic, ionic, and hormonal factors in the placental environment. Placental lactogens stimulate lactogenesis and steroidogenesis. The mechanism underlying placental lactogen's role in these processes has not been clarified. PMID- 6991293 TI - [Titration in neutral salt solutions and their use in pharmaceutical analysis]. PMID- 6991294 TI - [Absorption of drug substances into the blood]. PMID- 6991296 TI - [Heroic deed of Soviet physicians will not fade in centuries to come]. PMID- 6991297 TI - [In memoriam Gerasim Borisovich Getsov]. PMID- 6991295 TI - [Methods of studying drug substance absorption]. PMID- 6991298 TI - [Anesthesia of labor in obstetrical and extragenital pathology and minor obstetrical operations]. PMID- 6991299 TI - [Medical community of Bashkiria during the years of the Civil War and World War II]. PMID- 6991301 TI - Immunologic infertility--fact or fiction? PMID- 6991302 TI - Development of antibody formation in germ-free and conventionally reared rabbits: the role of intestinal lymphoid tissue in antibody formation to E. coli antigens. AB - The occurrence of cells which produce 'natural" bactericidal and haemolytic antibodies (the so-called background plaques) was studied by the plaque method in lymphatic tissues of germ-free and conventionally reared rabbits of various ages. In conventional rabbits the cells which produce "natural" bactericidal antibodies against E. coli 086 appear early after birth in organized intestinal lymphatic tissue, their number increases during development, then they appear in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen and their number decreases due to aging. Natural haemolytic antibodies are produced throughout the life predominantly in the spleen of conventional rabbits. In germ-free rabbits the appearance of "natural" bactericidal or haemolytic antibodies was not demonstrated during the tested period of 16 weeks of life. Also when comparing the immunological capacity after parenteral immunization or after stimulation of cells from various organs cultivated in diffusion chambers, the response in germ-free rabbits was very low or lacking. The differences between the reactivity of germ-free and conventional rabbits were especially marked when studying the specific and non-specific (polyclonal) response after administration of E. coli suspension. The nature and possible causes underlying the differences in immunological reactivity in various species of germ-free animals are discussed. PMID- 6991300 TI - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina and the importance of his scientific legacy in the history of obstetrics]. PMID- 6991303 TI - Rejection of skin allo- and xenografts in the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina (L.) and B. variegata (L.). PMID- 6991304 TI - The Ohio State University College of Dentistry. PMID- 6991305 TI - Bioanalytical applications of immobilized enzymes. PMID- 6991306 TI - Molar absorptivity and A1%1 cm values for proteins at selected wavelengths of the ultraviolet and visible regions--XVIII. PMID- 6991307 TI - Phosphoryl transfer from o-carboxyphenyl phosphate to tri(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane catalysed by alkaline phosphatase from E. coli. PMID- 6991308 TI - On the cytosolic inhibition of enzyme inactivation. PMID- 6991309 TI - The intracellular inactivation of catalase--II. Characteristics of a cytosol inhibitor in mouse liver. PMID- 6991310 TI - Appearance and distribution of collagens and laminin in the early mouse embryo. PMID- 6991311 TI - Effects of glucose on insulin release and on intermediary metabolism of isolated perifused pancreatic islets from fed and fasted rats. AB - We examined the relationship between glucose-induced insulin release and the intermediary metabolism of islets from fed and fasted rats. Isolated islets were perifused and insulin release measured in the effluent. At various times after switching islets from 2.4 to 8.6 or 14.5 mM glucose or from 2.4 to 14.5 and back to 2.4 mM glucose, islets were quickly frozen, freeze dried, and subsequently analyzed for tissue content of glucose-6-P, fructose-1,6-P2 plus triose-P, Pi, ATP, ADP, 5'-AMP, NADH, NADPH, total NAD, and total NADP using enzymatic fluorometric procedures. When islets from fed rats were exposed to high glucose, there were concomitant increases of insulin release and islet content of glucose 6-P, fructose-1,6-P2 plus triose-P, NADH, and NADPH. During stimulation Pi and 5' AMP content fell markedly. The total adenine nucleotide content remained constant. Similar secretory and metabolic changes occurred when 1.5 mM Pi was added to the perifusion fluid. When glucose-stimulated islets were switched back to low glucose for 10 min, all substances but fructose-1,6-P2 plus triose-P, 5' AMP, NADPH, and possibly ATP returned to the prestimulatory level. Starvation of rats for 3 days blocked the secretory response to 8.6 mM glucose. Fructose-1,6-P2 plus triose-P rose but it did not attain the level existing in islets from fed rats. The ratios (ATP)/(5'-AMP) and (ATP)/(Pi)(adp) increased to the values observed in glucose-stimulated islets of fed rats. The metabolic changes in islets from fed rats exposed to high glucose are consistent with an activation of glycolysis occurring concomitantly with stimulated rates of insulin release. This occurs despite the decrease of important activators of glycolysis--Pi and 5'-AMP. The enhanced glycolysis possibly results from P-fructokinase activation by increased fructose-6-P levels. Activation of glycolysis with 8.6 mM glucose was not as pronounced in islets from starved rats. Despite the different secretory response of islets from fet and fasted rats, the changes of phosphorylation state in the islets, in particular, Pi and 5'-AMP levels, were similar. PMID- 6991312 TI - The glucose intolerance of acute pancreatitis: hormonal response to arginine. AB - Patients with acute pancreatitis were studied by arginine infusion at 48--72 h. 7 -10 days, and 18--21 days after onset of their illness. Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon values were determined. Acute pancreatitis was characterized by fasting hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia, associated with relative hyoinsulinemia. Arginine stimulation early in the disease (48--72 h) demonstrated hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia, which normalized by 18--21 days. Both phases of the normal biphasic insulin response to arginine were decreased during the initial arginine infusion. By 18--21 days, although the first phase was completely normal, the second phase of insulin secretion remained depressed. Acute pancreatitis is associated with damage to both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Glucose intolerance seen with this disease appears to be the result of hyperglucagonemia and relative hypoinsulinemia. Although the healing process at 3 wk is associated with return of plasma glucose and glucagon concentrations to normal, the impaired second phase insulin secretion persists. PMID- 6991313 TI - Insulin degradation by mononuclear cells. AB - Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood possess insulin receptors that are altered in number or binding affinity in certain metabolic diseases as obesity. The monocyte, and not the lymphocyte, is the cell with the capacity to specifically bind insulin. Furthermore, this binding appears to mirror the receptor status on such insulin target tissues as liver, muscle, and fat. Since liver, muscle, and fat also degrade insulin, mononuclear cells from the blood of normal volunteers were examined for insulin-degrading activity. Intact cells were incubated with 125I-insulin and the amount of degraded insulin was measured by the trichloroacetic acid-precipitation technique. Insulin-degrading activity increased when the number of cells and the time of incubation were increased. Total insulin binding behaved in a similar fashion. Very little degradation was seen at 4 degrees or 15 degrees. The Km for insulin-degrading activity was 7.03 X 10(-8) M. Homogenized mononuclear cells degraded two to five times more insulin than did intact cells and also demonstrated cell concentration, time, and temperature dependence for degradation. The Km of degradation for homogenized mononuclear cells was 2.2 X 10(-8) M. Subcellular fractionation revealed significant degrading activity in the 100,000 X g supernatant, but little activity in the 100,000 X g pellet. A purified lymphocyte preparation did not bind insulin and contained little insulin-degrading activity. PMID- 6991314 TI - Effects of sodium DL-lactate on insulin secretion in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effect of sodium DL-lactate administration on insulin release in anesthetized dogs has been studied. Eleven mongrel dogs were infused with sodium DL-lactate for 20 min at the rate of 20 mg/kg . min. Lactate infusion produced simultaneous increases in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in the pancreaticoduodenal vein. To determine whether lactate stimulated insulin secretion directly, sodium DL-lactate was rapidly injected into the pancreatic artery of six dogs; this pulse induced a significant increase in insulin release from pancreatic B-cells, even in the absence of a measurable change in blood glucose. Diazoxide, when infused in six dogs, blocked lactate-induced insulin secretion. These findings indicate that lactate, as do other circulating energy fuels, may play a role in the physiologic control of insulin secretion. PMID- 6991315 TI - One month of sustained release of insulin from a polymer implant. AB - Rats made diabetic with streptozotocin received a single subcutaneous implant of an insulin polymer pellet that released insulin continuously at approximately 2 U/day. Continuous normoglycemia was achieved for up to 1 mo. Mean glucose level for treated animals was 113 mg/dl as compared with 398 mg/dl for untreated diabetic controls. Diurnal blood glucose values for treated animals ranged from 71 to 116 mg/dl. Polyuria and glycosuria were corrected by the presence of the insulin + polymer. Treated animals gained weight normally and reached a mean weight of 350 g, whereas untreated control animals lost weight, to a mean of 150 g. When insulin + polymer preparations were periodically implanted and removed at 7-day intervals, normoglycemia was only associated with the presence of implants. PMID- 6991316 TI - Kinetic modeling of insulin binding to receptors and degradation in vivo in the rabbit. PMID- 6991317 TI - Diabetic neuropathy in the mutant mouse [C57BL/ks(db/db)]: a morphometric study. AB - Detailed studies of peripheral nerves were undertaken in the mutant diabetic mouse of the [C57BL/ks(db/db)] strain using electrophysiologic and morphometric techniques. Electrophysiologic studies showed severely impaired motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), which developed promptly during the early phase of the diabetic syndrome. Morphometric changes occurred first after 20 wk of diabetes in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. There were both loss and shrinkage of myelinated fibers, most pronounced in the sural nerve and the ventral root. Changes appeared late in the dorsal root and in the peroneal and vagus nerves. Unmyelinated fibers showed both shrinkage and loss of axons, presumably involving sympathetic and afferent somatic fibers. Teased fiber studies and calculations of axon-myelin ratios confirmed our earlier suggestion that the neuropathy is primarily axonal in nature. The temporal discrepancy between functional and structural impairments in the present model strongly suggests a metabolic cause of the early neuropathy. This was further supported by the positive effect of insulin treatment on MNCV during the early phase of diabetes, whereas, during the late phase, treatment failed to show any effect. PMID- 6991318 TI - Overnight basal insulin requirements in fasting insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Overnight basal insulin requirements to maintain eugycemia were determined in six insulin-requiring diabetic subjects using a feedback-controlled (closed loop) insulin infusion system. Mean hourly insulin infusion rates, required to maintain plasma glucose concentrations at approximately 100 mg/dl, were remarkably stable from 2400 h to 0600 h; however, a twofold to threefold increase in insulin requirements was observed in each subject between 0600 h and 0900 h. This increase in amount of basal insulin required was not associated with increases in plasma glucagon or growth hormone concentrations, but occurred simultaneously with normal diurnal increases in plasma cortisol. These findings suggest that normal diurnal increases in plasma cortisol, independent of the content of the morning meal, contribute to the increased amount of morning insulin required in diabetic subjects. Programs designed for optimal open loop insulin delivery may benefit from modifications designed to coincide with this increase in amount of basal insulin required in the early morning. PMID- 6991319 TI - Disparate effects of enkephalin and morphine upon insulin and glucagon secretion by islet cell cultures. AB - Insulin and glucagon release from monolayer pancreatic islet cell cultures were inhibited in a dose-response fashion by various enkephalins. Morphine, however, stimulated insulin and glucagon release. Both effects were blocked by naloxone, while naloxone alone had no effect. In isolated and denervated islet cells, opiates directly influence secretion from islet cells. PMID- 6991320 TI - Insulin resistance in obesity as analyzed by the response of glucose kinetics to glucagon infusion. AB - A new approach has been developed to examine insulin sensitivity and resistance in vivo in man. In it, tracer methods are used, which permit the assessment of nonsteady state glucose kinetics by a method that is noninvasive and does not use pharmacologic agents. Graded doses of glucagon, infused intravenously, are used to drive glucose out of steady state and to stimulate the release of insulin into the portal circulation. By relating the changes in the rates of glucose production, utilization, and fractional disappearance to immunoreactive glucagon and insulin, it is possible to assess the body's sensitivity to physiologic levels of these two hormones. The utility of this approach was examined in obesity, a known human model of insulin resistance. The data demonstrated that glucose production in the obese subjects responded normally to glucagon. They also showed that insulin was much less effective in promoting glucose utilization in the obese persons than it was in the normal ones. In the obese subjects who were studied, the pancreatic B-cells were shown to be normally responsive to the stimulatory effects of either glucose or glucagon. Hence, they did not release sufficient insulin to overcome the insulin resistance, and these obese individuals had impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, it is suggested that, in the presence of insulin resistance, the responsiveness of B-cells will determine whether the glucose tolerance will be nore homeostasis in other conditions associated with glucose intolerance, the metabolic basis of which is undefined. PMID- 6991321 TI - Mode of action of clonidine upon islet function: dissociated effects upon the time course and magnitude of insulin release. AB - Clonidine (0.08 to 80.0 ng/ml) caused a dose-related inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin release, but failed to affect glucose oxidation, glucose stimulated 45Ca net uptake, and adenylate cyclase activity in isolated rat islets. Phentolamine antagonized the effect of clonidine upon insulin release. Despite profound inhibition of insulin secretion, the drug failed to affect the time course for the changes evoked by glucose in either 45Ca fractional outflow rate from perfused islets or insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas. The latter changes were multiphasic, revealing an initial secretory peak, a period of low secretory activity, and a second secretory elevation before establishing a period characterized by a steadily and slowly increasing insulin output. In the clonidine-treated islets, the secretory rate was not significantly different from the basal value during the period after the initial secretory response. Thus, despite continuous stimulation with glucose, insulin release appears as a discontinuous phenomenon, even when little insulin is secreted during the initial phase of stimulation. PMID- 6991322 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced recovery from streptozotocin diabetes in the adult rat. PMID- 6991323 TI - Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin in the management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6991324 TI - Inhibition of alloxan action in isolated pancreatic islets by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and a metal chelator. AB - The possible participation of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in the action of alloxan was investigated using isolated rat pancreatic islets. Exposure of islets for 5 min to alloxan (0.15 or 0.2 mg/ml) inhibited subsequent glucose-stimulated insulin release. The presence of superoxide dismutase (1000 U/ml), catalase (50 microgram/ml), or a metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (1 mM) markedly attenuated this effect of alloxan. Use of these agents afforded complete protection from the lower concentration of alloxan and partial protection from the higher concentration of the toxic compound. Inactivation of the enzymes or addition of excess iron to the chelating agent before its use with alloxan eliminated the protective action of these agents. The results are consistent with the proposal that hydroxyl radicals, generated via reactions that involve superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and iron, mediate the deleterious effect of alloxan in pancreatic islets. PMID- 6991325 TI - Decreased insulin binding and degradation associated with depressed intracellular ATP content. AB - The effect of metabolic inhibitors, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and NaF, on insulin binding and degradation has been studied in cultured Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells. In control studies, 1.8 fmol of 125I-insulin binds to 1.2 x 10(6) cells, possessing approximately 40,000 receptor sites per cell with binding affinity of 5.52 x 10(-8) M. When the cells were preincubated with increasing concentrations of either DNP or NaF, a dose- and time-dependent decrease in both insulin binding and degradation was observed. The total amount of 125I-insulin bound to BRL cells preincubated with metabolic inhibitors was reduced to 1.2 fmol per 1.2 x 10(6) cells. The point of 1/2 B max was achieved in the presence of 50 ng/ml of native insulin, 1.7 times that of the control level. The number of receptor sites was unaffected by either DNP or NaF, but an average affinity profile revealed a decrease in the affinity of the ATP-depleted cells for insulin (KD: 7.31 x 10(-8) M and 7.06 x 10(-8) M in DNP- and NaF-treated cells, respectively). The decrease in insulin binding and degradation following the exposure of the BRL cells to the metabolic inhibitors was associated with a 20% reduction in intracellular ATP and adenylate energy charge. DNP and NaF did not affect the equilibrium constant for the myokinase catalyzed reaction and the intracellular concentration of hypoxanthine was stable, confirming the integrity of the cells during the experiments. It is suggested that ATP levels must remain intact to maintain normal insulin receptor affinity. Furthermore, the rate of insulin degradation by ATP-depleted cells is slower than that of intact cells. It is conceivable that the depression of insulin degradation by partially ATP-depleted cells results from either diminished binding or decreased endocytosis and lysosomal activity, all of which appear to be energy dependent. PMID- 6991326 TI - Nonaggregating insulin solutions for long-term glucose control in experimental and human diabetes. AB - A physiologic additive for dissolving insulin crystals for parenteral application has been found. Insulin crystals are relatively insoluble in simple aqueous solutions. They will dissolve, however, in highly acidic solutions, but these are not suitable for parenteral use. Both neutral and acid pH insulin solutions have a tendency for the dissolved hormone to reaggregate. Notwithstanding possible changes in biologic activity, such formed aggregates must be prevented because they interfere with the flow in portable insulin delivery devices and result in the loss of glycemic control. The addition of 1.5% autologous serum to the aqueous diluent for insulin has eliminated these difficulties and increased by 37% the apparent biologic activity of insulin solutions prepared in this way. With this additive, continuous uninterrupted intravenous insulin infusion has provided near ideal blood glucose control in four pancreatectomized dogs for 5 mo and four patients with juvenile-onset diabetes for 18--23 days. Serum apparently contains factor(s) that promote the dissolution of insulin and prevent the formation of peptide aggregates in dilute solutions. PMID- 6991327 TI - Potentiation of insulin secretion to nonglucose stimuli in normal man by tolbutamide. AB - To determine how sulfonylureas affect beta cell function, insulin release in response to isoproterenol and arginine was assessed in 32 normal subjects before and during a tolbutamide infusion. When the plasma glucose was allowed to decrease during tolbutamide, the acute insulin response (AIR) to isoproterenol was not changed (delta AIR = 4 +/- 8 MicroU/ml, mean +/- SEM, n = 8,p = NS) and was enhanced slightly for arginine (delta AIR = +61 +/- 26 microU/ml, n = 6, p less than 0.05). When plasma glucose levels were maintained by means of a concomitant variable glucose infusion during tolbutamide, the insulin responses to both isoproterenol and arginine were enhanced (isoproterenol: delta AIR = +55 +/- 15 microU/ml, n = 6, p less than 0.001; arginine: delta AIR = +137 +/- 34 microU/ml, n = 8, p less than 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between change in the prestimulus glucose level and the change in the AIR to isoproterenol during tolbutamide (r = 0.66, n = 14, p less than 0.02). Since the slope of his relationship is not significantly different from a similar relationship in the absence of tolbutamide, the potentiating effect of tolbutamide is an amplification of an established physiologic relationship. We conclude that tolbutamide augments the insulin response to nonglucose stimuli. However, this potentiating effect of tolbutamide may be masked by a decrease in the prestimulus glucose level. PMID- 6991328 TI - Clearance rates of metabolizable and nonmetabolizable sugars in insulin-infused dogs and in exercising dogs. PMID- 6991329 TI - A comparison of basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat adipocyte plasma membranes. AB - Specific D-glucose transport in plasma membranes prepared from control and insulin-treated rat adipocytes was measured using a recently developed dual isotope ([3H]-D-glucose and [14C]-L-glucose), rapid filtration assay which allowed measurements of initial rates at 1 s and 37 degrees. Plasma membranes from insulin-treated adipocytes showed an increase in glucose transport compared with control cells. Saturation kinetic data revealed that the plasma membranes from insulin-treated and control cells had the same Km (26 mM) for glucose transport, whereas insulin treatment increased the Vmax from 4433 pmol/mg protein/s to 9465 pmol/mg proteins/s. Arrhenius plots showed no difference in the energy of activation between control and insulin-stimulated glucose transport states. The optimum pH of both control and insulin-stimulated glucose transport was 7.4. Lower or higher pHs progressively decreased both control and insulin stimulated glucose transport proportionately. Calcium in the transport assay media did not affect basal or insulin-stimulated glucose transport. However, omission of calcium from the adipocyte incubation media significantly lowered the insulin stimulation by 24% while basal levels were not significantly affected. Insulin specifically bound to the plasma membrane was carried through the fractionation procedure, but removal of this insulin did not alter the stimulated glucose transport. Glucose transport by plasma membranes from control or insulin treated adipocytes was equally (percentage) inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione, or cytochalasin B. No inhibition of control or insulin-stimulated transport was seen with cytochalasin D or oxidized glutathione. The data presented are consistent with insulin causing the formation of new transport sites similar to the existing basal sites. PMID- 6991330 TI - Integrated concentration of growth hormone in juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - Twenty-four-hour patterns of plasma growth hormone concentrations were evaluated during 50 studies of 42 subjects with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. Blood was sampled continuously over 24 h using a portable peristaltic pump under conditions in which subjects remained ambulatory and maintained their daily dietary and insulin regimens. All diabetics showed diurnal patterns characterized by frequent episodes of secretion of growth hormone. The mean 24-h concentration of growth hormone, designated the integrated concentration, was significantly higher among juvenile-onset diabetics (P less than 0.001) than it was in age- and sex-matched nondiabetic populations. Juvenile-onset diabetics younger than 20 yr had significantly higher (P less than 0.005) growth hormone integrated concentrations than did older juvenile-onset diabetics. There was no statistically significant correlation between the integrated concentrations of glucose and growth hormone; thus, the study failed to provide us with support for the hypothesis that elevated growth hormone concentrations in diabetics are a consequence of hyperglycemia. Variability of diurnal glucose concentrations was positively correlated (P less than 0.015) with the growth hormone integrated concentration among juvenile-onset diabetics. Our observations indicate that rapid declines in plasma glucose concentration or episodes of absolute hypoglycemia were significant factors, contributing to both the elevated integrated concentration and the secretory spiking of growth hormone observed in the diabetic population. PMID- 6991331 TI - Insulin action and the regulation of hexose transport. PMID- 6991332 TI - Pirogliride: an oral hypoglycemic drug which accelerates glucose usage and insulin secretion by islets of Langerhans. AB - Pirogliride potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated islets. This effect is accompanied by a facilitated glucose metabolism. Pirogliride partially prevents the known inhibitory effects of mannoheptulose on glucose induced secretion and utilization. Pirogliride might be useful not only to probe the underlying mechanism of stimulated insulin secretion but also in the therapy of those diabetics who have an impaired beta-cell responsiveness to glucose. PMID- 6991333 TI - Increased glycosylation of serum albumin in diabetes mellitus. AB - The level of glycosylated albumin has been determined in the serum of normal and diabetic subjects after purification of the albumin to apparent homogeneity. The sugar was released from the albumin preparations as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) after 24 h of hydrolysis in 2 N acetic acid at 92 degrees C, and it was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. The mean value for glycosylated albumin, expressed as picomoles of HMF per nanomole of albumin, obtained from 10 normal control and 65 diabetic subjects, was 64 and 124, respectively. The level of glycosylated albumin correlates with the mean blood glucose concentration (n = 55, r = 0.715), but not with the fasting blood sugar concentrations. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the amounts of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIa-c) and glycosyl-albumin (n = 74, r = 0.88). In an insulin-treated diabetic patient, there was a different temporal relationship between blood glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin levels. While HbAIa-c was lowered by only 15% after 20 days, glycosylated albumin had dropped by more than 50% during the same time. Our results indicate that glycosylated albumin might provide a valuable tool to assess the average blood sugar levels between shorter intervals, since the turnover of serum albumin is considerably faster than that of HbAIa-c. PMID- 6991334 TI - Acute changes in brain tryptophan and serotonin after carbohydrate or protein ingestion by diabetic rats. PMID- 6991335 TI - Lysosomal degradation of receptor-bound 125I-labeled insulin by rat adipocytes: its characterization and dissociation from the short-term biologic effects of insulin. AB - In this study we used chloroquine to characterize the interalization and lysosomal degradation of receptor-bound 125I-insulin by rat adipocytes and to determine the role of lysosomal processing of insulin in the short-term biologic effects of the hormone. Chloroquine inhibited the degradation of 125I-insulin bound to adipocytes by both association and disslociation experiments. In the former experiments, chloroquine caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase in specifically bound insulin owing to an increase in intact insulin and a decrease in degradation products, as determined by trichloroacetic acid precipitability and gel chromatographic analysis of material extracted from the cells. In the dissociation experiments, 50 microM chloroquine decreased the rate of degradation by two third, as reflected in the release of degradation to or degraded by isolated plasma membranes, on the degradation of 125I-insulin by proteases in the incubation medium, or on the endocytotic uptake of receptor bound insulin. Quantitative electron miroscopy, using monomeric ferritin-insulin, showed 50 microM chloroquine doubled the number of lysosomal structures containing ferritin. These findings are consistent with an inhibition by chloroquine of lysosomal degradation of internalized receptor-bound insulin. Chloroquine, at these same concentrations, had no effect on the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport and oxidation or to inhibit epinephrine stimulated lipolysis. In these studies, we show that lysosomal degradation of internalized receptor-bound insulin is not necessary for insulin to cause short term biologic effects in the adipocyte. PMID- 6991336 TI - Lilly Lecture 1979: role of insulin in the regulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 6991337 TI - Monolayer cultures of adult pancreatic islet cells on osmotically disrupted fibroblasts. AB - A simple method that permits the attachment of fully dissociated adult pancreatic islet cells to culture dishes, using osmotically disrupted fibroblasts, is described. Using this system, monolayer cultures consisting of either isolated or clustered adult endocrine islet cells can be readily established in standard culture media. PMID- 6991338 TI - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of serum proteins and hemoglobin: response to changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. AB - The relationship between concentrations of blood glucose and nonenzymatically glucosylated serum proteins was studied in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes of varying severity. Fasting serum glucose correlated strongly with both glucosylated albumin (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) and glucosylated serum protein (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). The relative rates of response of serum protein and hemoglobin glycosylation to changes in blood glucose were also compared. Following withdrawal of insulin from diabetic rats, the half-times to reach new steady state levels of blood glucose, glucosylated serum proteins, and glycohemoglobins were about 2, 3, and 8 days, respectively. Similarly, on reinstitution of insulin therapy, the half-times for these same indices to return to baseline values were 2, 3.5, and 15 days, respectively. Changes in glucosylated albumin were more sensitive than glycohemoglobins to changes in serum glucose, consistent with the observation that albumin was glucosylated at about 10 times the rate for hemoglobin in incubations in vitro. These data indicate that glucosylated serum protein measurements can serve as a sensitive, short-term integrator of blood glucose homeostasis in diabetes. PMID- 6991339 TI - L-Asparaginase-induced diabetes mellitus in rabbits. AB - Twenty-seven male New Zealand White rabbits were injected with a single dose of 10,000 IU E. coli L-asparaginase per kilogram body wt to document the diabetogenic activity of this antitumor agent. Significant weight loss was observed by day 1, and a loss continued until day 9. After day 16, weight steadily increased. Random serum glucose levels increased steadily after the injection of L-asparaginase, reaching a peak value of 344 +/- 32 mg/dl (x- +/- SEM) on day 10. From day 12, levels declined, but they remained significantly higher than basal levels. Serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels had a similar pattern of response. By day 2 the IRI was significantly above baseline. The IRI levels increased daily, reaching a peak level of 1,379 +/- 587 pg/ml (x- +/- SEM). Thereafter the levels fell gradually. However, the IRI levels remained significantly higher than basal levels. Intravenous regular insulin decreased glucose levels in L-asparaginase-treated animals at 3 h by only 7.7 +/- 3.2%, while it decreased them in controls by 34.0 +/- 6.7% (P less than 0.0025). These data demonstrate that, acutely, a single intravenous dose of 10,000 IU E. coli L asparaginase per kilogram body wt induces a hyperinsulinemic. Insulin-resistant, diabetic syndrome in rabbits. PMID- 6991341 TI - Inherited, early onset, insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus of Keeshond dogs. AB - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been characterized in a line of nonobese purebred keeshond dogs as an insulin-requiring hereditary disorder with onset at between 2 and 6 mo of age. Diabetic dogs developed cataracts, became ketotic, hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic, lipemic, and hypoinsulinemic. Basal glucagon, cortisol, and T4 serum concentrations and responses to ACTH, TSH, and arginine were normal. Light microscopic studies of the pancreas by immunocytochemical procedures revealed the absence of islet B cells, the presence of A cells, and solitary B cells. Diabetic dogs had poor fecundity, and a single puberal diabetic male had poor semen quality and was unable to sire pups. Parents of diabetics and nondiabetic siblings were normal. This spontaneous form of diabetes mellitus, with similar lesions to the insulin-dependent diabetes of people, will be a valuable aid to comparative biomedical research of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6991340 TI - The T lymphocyte insulin receptor in diabetes and obesity: an intrinsic binding defect. PMID- 6991343 TI - Bibliography of developmental medicine and child neurology. Selected books and articles recieved in 1979. PMID- 6991342 TI - Glucagon precursors identified by immunoprecipitation of products of cell-free translation of messenger RNA. AB - Polyadenylated RNA extracted from anglerfish islets was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system containing [35S]methionine in the presence and absence of microsomal membranes prepared from a canine pancreas. Labeled translation products were analyzed by immunoprecipitation with an antiserum to porcine glucagon, followed by electrophoresis of the translation products and immunoprecipitated proteins on SDS polyacrylamide gels. In the absence of microsomal membranes two proteins of Mr = 14,500 and Mr = 12,500 were specifically immunoprecipitated with antiglucagon serum. Addition of microsomal membranes to the translation reactions resulted in a diminution of the labeled protein of Mr = 14,500 and a marked increase in the immunoreactive protein of Mr = 12,500. The protein of Mr = 12,500 was resistant to degradation by proteolytic enzymes added to translation reactions, indicating that it was segregated within microsomal vesicles. These results are consistent with synthesis of anglerfish islet glucagon in the form of a pre-prohormonal precursor (Mr = 14,500) containing a leader sequence that is cotranslationally cleaved from the protein by enzymes associated with microsomal membranes to produce a smaller intermediate prohormonal precursor (Mr = 12,500) of pancreatic glucagon (Mr = 3500). PMID- 6991344 TI - [Medical ethics in the pretechnological era]. PMID- 6991346 TI - [Dr. Alfonso Pruneda, academician. Homage on the centenary of his birth]. PMID- 6991345 TI - [Paleoneurology and the development of the brain in the hominoidea]. PMID- 6991347 TI - [Homage to the memory of Isaac Costero Tudanca]. PMID- 6991348 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Roberto Nunez Andrade]. PMID- 6991349 TI - Kanematsu Sugiura 1890-1979. PMID- 6991350 TI - Cytostatic activity of in vitro activated human adherent cells against human tumor cell lines. AB - Human adherent cells from peripheral blood were cultured with immunostimulant, BCG, yeast wall, or streptococcal preparation (OK-432), for 3 days, and the cytostatic activity of the adherent cells on human tumor cells was examined. The cells cultured in the presence of an immunostimulant exhibited increased phagocytic activity and the number of phagocytosed sheep red blood cells (sRBC) per cell increased. Adherent cells cultured without the immunostimulant showed slight cytostatic activity of 8 approximately 20%. HD-10 cells, derived from Hodgkin's disease, and QG-K and QG-U cells derived from uterine cervical cancer were more susceptible than HeLa cells to the adherent cells activated by OK-432 or yeast cell wall. Relationship between population doubling time and susceptibility to the cytostatic effect mediated by the activated adherent cells was not observed. The supernatant from the activated adherent cells was also effective in inhibiting DNA synthesis of the rapidly proliferating target cells, HD-10 cells and HeLa cells. However, the proliferation of the other two cell lines was enhanced. The effect of activated adherent cells on tumor cell proliferation and its relation to cytostasis were examined and discussed. PMID- 6991351 TI - [Prevention by cimetidine of duodenal ulcer relapses: a multicenter controlled trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991352 TI - Endotoxemia of cirrhosis: an observation not substantiated. AB - Physiologic similarities between cirrhotic and septic patients have implicated systemic endotoxemia as a possible mediator of the hemodynamic, neurologic, and hematologic complications observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The recently reported high prevalence of endotoxin in ascites, as well as in portal and systemic plasma, has further incriminated endotoxin of gut origin as the responsible agent. Limulus amebocyte lysate tests were performed upon peripheral plasma of 38 cirrhotic patients; portal plasma and ascites were assayed in 14 and 11 of these patients, respectively. No endotoxin was detectable. We believe that the ubiquity of endotoxin, with the attendant opportunities for specimen contamination, is the most likely explanation for the recently reported high prevalence of endotoxin in the plasma and ascites of cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6991353 TI - Azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis: a preliminary report of an international trial. AB - The effects of azathioprine on the course of primary biliary cirrhosis were studied prospectively in a multinational, double-blind randomized clinical trial involving 236 patients, of which 124 received azathioprine and 112 placebo. No significant effects were seen on survival, clinical course, hepatic histologic features, hepatic tests, or immunologic abnormalities after a median follow-up period of 18 mo, but most of the trends observed were in favor of azathioprine. The results obtained so far indicate that the effect of azathioprine as a single treatment is limited and probably of little clinical importance, but more years of follow-up will be needed to provide a definite conclusion. PMID- 6991355 TI - Cytology and liver biopsy. PMID- 6991354 TI - Infections which cause ileocolic disease in animals: are they relevant to Crohn's disease? PMID- 6991356 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone in cirrhotic ascites. PMID- 6991357 TI - History of fiberoptic endoscopy. PMID- 6991358 TI - Our new President: Frank P. Brooks. PMID- 6991359 TI - Treatment of achalasia and related motor disorders. PMID- 6991360 TI - Action of prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow in dogs. PMID- 6991361 TI - The experience of hemodialysis and renal transplantation. AB - A clinical case method for teaching medical students and physicians is presented, utilizing a patient's self-report which describes his experiences from onset of illness through hemodialysis, renal transplant, and post-transplant phases. The authors correspondingly cite medical, psychological, and social issues characteristic of hemodialysis patients' experience, thus providing didactic material as well as clinical content for discussion. PMID- 6991362 TI - Secondary structure of mRNA and efficiency of translation initiation. AB - A series of recombinant plasmids, containing the cro gene of phage lambda, exhibit strikingly different levels of expression depending apparently only on the nucleotide sequence of the untranslated 5' mRNA (Roberts et al., 1979). We postulate that initiation of translation involves interaction between an activated 30S ribosomal subunit and the 5'-terminal region of a messenger RNA already folded in a specific secondary structure. The observed variation in cro synthesis can then adequately be explained by secondary structure models which were derived for the different mRNAs. To maximize expression, it appears necessary that the initiation codon and, although less important, the ribosome interaction site are accessible. PMID- 6991363 TI - Teaching geriatrics: making room for the future. PMID- 6991364 TI - [Lenin and Soviet public health]. PMID- 6991365 TI - [Role of A. N. Sysin in organizing and conducting the All-Russian (All-Union) Congresses of Bacteriologists, Epidemiologists and Health Officers]. PMID- 6991366 TI - [V. F. Khristoforov (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6991367 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the methods for determining bacterial contamination of the air]. PMID- 6991368 TI - [Importance of the cell culture method in toxicology]. PMID- 6991369 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of sodium chlorite in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 6991370 TI - [Sanitary bacteriological characteristics of vegetables and fruits]. PMID- 6991371 TI - Television and aging: past, present, and future. PMID- 6991372 TI - Perspectives on the family life of the elderly in 1900. PMID- 6991373 TI - The alliance of advocacy with science Kent Lecture--1979. PMID- 6991374 TI - [On the 35th anniversary of the Great Victory]. PMID- 6991375 TI - Recurrence of duodenal ulcer pain after treatment with cimetidine for four and eight weeks. AB - This double-blind controlled trial compares the relapse rate in 19 duodenal ulcer patients who received cimetidine for eight weeks with that in 19 patients who received cimetidine for four weeks and inactive tablets for four weeks. Only patients who became symptom-free during the initial four weeks' treatment with cimetidine were included. The median period of remission after withdrawal of cimetidine was 50 days in patients treated with cimetidine for eight weeks and 76 days in patients treated with cimetidine for four weeks (P greater than 0.10). Six months after withdrawal of cimetidine 15 relapses had occurred in both groups. It is concluded that patients who become symptom-free during four weeks' cimetidine treatment do not benefit by continuation of treatment for another four weeks. PMID- 6991377 TI - Urine excretion of tumor-associated antigens by patients with gynecologic neoplasms. PMID- 6991376 TI - Double primary epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva and cervix. PMID- 6991378 TI - Ultrastructure and template accessibility of modified chromatin in isolated macronuclei of Paramecium aurelia. AB - Macronuclei of Paramecium aurelia, isolated in 4% gum arabic, contain nearly exclusively heterochromatin which is unaccessible to DNA-dependent, bacterial RNA polymerase. Heterochromatin decondensation under tris-HCl treatment did not change its template accessibility, whereas selective removal of the basic proteins induced profound changes in ultrastructure of heterochromatin and increased its template activity. More intensive incorporation of H3-UMP was found after arginine rich histones removal. The relations between functional and morphological changes after various heterochromatin modification in macronuclei of Paramecium aurelia, a representative of lower eukariotes, are discussed and compared with those in higher eukariotes. PMID- 6991379 TI - Indirect methods of determination of activity of root-nodule bacteria. AB - Significant correlations exist between the ability of root-nodule bacteria to fix molecular nitrogen and some of their properties (accumulation of riboflavin, cobalamine, ATP, cell pyrolysis, effect on plant vegetation characteristics) which can be used for quickly assessing the activity of the process in individual strains of rhizobia. PMID- 6991380 TI - Selected bibliography of Dr. J. Macura. PMID- 6991381 TI - Food, water and genes. PMID- 6991382 TI - Pituitary prolactin cell hyperplasia. AB - In female Long-Evans rats, development of prolactin cell adenomas is preceded by hyperplasia of prolactin cells, suggesting that factors affecting the endocrine function of prolactin cells might have an important role in the genesis of prolactin-producing pituitary tumors. PMID- 6991383 TI - Early peripheral nerve abnormalities in diabetes: an animal model. PMID- 6991384 TI - Psychometric evaluation of performance in diabetes mellitus. AB - Two-hundred and fourteen diabetics and 343 controls were studied using a psychological test battery (LPSU-KOLN). Out of these samples, 147 pairs matched for age, sex, and level of education were selected. Diabetics were classified as juvenile onset diabetics (JOD, n = 112) and maturity onset diabetics (MOD, n = 35). The performance was evaluated in four dimensions: Factor I: speed of reaction; Factor II: memory-concentration; Factor III: visual perception; and Factor IV: quality of performance. The data were statistically analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The speed of reaction of both types of diabetics was significantly lower than of that of controls. The abilities in memory-concentration tasks were also decreased in diabetics in general, particularly in MOD. The visual perception and the quality of performance of diabetics were not different from their controls. PMID- 6991385 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in diabetics: physiology, cathecholamines, and effects of insulin. PMID- 6991387 TI - [Insulin analogues with substitution of A1-glycine by D-amino acids and omega amino acids (author's transl)]. AB - Substitution of A1-glycine of insulin by L-amino acids yields in analogues with low biological activity. With D-amino acids in A1 biological activity is essentially retained. The influence of aliphatic, aromatic, acidic and basic alpha-D-amino acids as well as omega-amino acids in A1 on the biological effects in different test systems is studied and discussed. PMID- 6991386 TI - A kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of synthetic arginine substrates by arginine esterases from the venom of the gabooon adder, Bitis gabonica. AB - The kinetics of arginine esterases E-I, E-II and E-III from the venom of Bitis gabonica were investigated. With N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester as substrate linear competitive inhibition versus L-arginine was observed while ethanol gave rise to S-parabolic I-linear noncompetitive inhibition. Hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide was noncompetitively inhibited by p nitroaniline. Both slopes and intercepts of double reciprocal plots were a linear function of inhibitor concentration. Ethanol gave complex inhibition kinetics which could be interpreted in terms of mixed dead-end and alternate product inhibition (S-parabolic I-hyperbolic noncompetitive inhibition). These results imply an ordered uni-bi as the minimal kinetic mechanism wherein ethanol (or amine when amide is used as substrate) is released first from the enzyme surface, followed by the liberation of arginine. The enzymes are inactivated by phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride which suggests the presence of an essential serine in the active sites of the enzymes. The enzymes may therefore be classified in the group of serine proteases. PMID- 6991388 TI - Tooth size changes in prehistoric Tennessee indians. PMID- 6991390 TI - Studies on hapten specific T cell immunity and suppression. PMID- 6991389 TI - Tolerance to a reactive hapten. Differential susceptibility of B cell subsets and mechanism of induction. PMID- 6991391 TI - Induction of immunity and suppression by haptenated self structures. PMID- 6991392 TI - Role of self MHC carriers in tolerance and the immune response. PMID- 6991393 TI - Yoga. A method of relaxation for rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6991394 TI - Distribution of immunogenic cells after painting with the contact sensitizers fluorescein isothiocyanate and oxazolone. Different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations. AB - The distribution of fluorescent cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with the contact sensitizing agent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was investigated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Up to 30% of the cells were fluorescent after 18 h and this decreased thereafter becoming undetectable after 4-5 days. Most of the fluorescent cells were morphologically lymphocytes, theta - ve and adherent to nylon wool. Immunogenicity of these cells was tested by injecting them into the footpads of normal mice and measuring contact sensitivity after 6 days. This was restricted to large cells which represented less than 5% of the white cell population and nearly all of which became fluorescent after skin painting. The large fluorescent cells were a mixture of monocytes and lymphocytes. Most of the lymphocytes had surface immunoglobulin. The immunogenicity was reduced by nylon filtration but was not affected by silica and anti-theta. These results showed that the immunogenicity is not associated with T cells. In contrast, similar immunogenic activity in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with oxazolone is associated with T cells. The results therefore showed that different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations, perhaps in this case becuase of the different water solubilities of FITC and oxazolone. They also suggested that this may cause important differences in antigen presentation, for example in their association with different MHC products. PMID- 6991396 TI - Differences in calcium requirements for B-cell tolerance and immunity. AB - Incubation of unprimed spleen B cells with high concentrations of hapten conjugates resulted in the induction of specific unresponsiveness or tolerance to a subsequent encounter with the hapten on a potentially immunogenic carrier. This process of tolerance induction could occur in the absence of extracellular calcium. In contrast B-cell activation to both proliferation and subsequent antibody secretion is known to be calcium dependent. This means that either (1) the decisions which determine immunity and tolerance in B cells are mediated through totally distinct signalling pathways, or that (2) if tolerance and immunity depend on same common signalling events, then the commitment of B cells to switch on or off must be determined at a very early stage. PMID- 6991395 TI - Abolition of resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae by anti-polymorphonuclear leucocyte IgG. AB - Antipolymorphonuclear leucocyte IgG (APS IgG) was prepared from crude horse antipolymorphonuclear leucocyte antiserum (APS). The APS IgG was less toxic than the crude APS and had a powerful and specific effect on rabbit polymorphs in vivo and in vitro. In rabbits infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae it suppressed the normal polymorph response and greatly reduced resistance to infection. Anti Klebsiella pneumoniae antibody greatly enhanced protection in normal rabbits, but had much less effect on APS/IgG-treated rabbits. It was concluded that the principal cellular defence against K. pneumoniae was the polymorph and that macrophages made only a relatively small contribution to resistance. PMID- 6991399 TI - Endotoxin-induced appearance of peroxidase-positive cells in the white pulp of the mouse spleen. AB - Endotoxin (1-10 microgram intravenously) increased the number of strongly peroxidase-positive cells in the white pulp of the mouse spleen, demonstrable by the Graham-Karnovsky technique. The increase was greatest after 10 h, the cells being found most frequently around the central vessels of the white pulp. The appearance of such cells at this critical immunological site may relate to the known adjuvant activity of endotoxin in promoting immune responses against protein antigens. PMID- 6991398 TI - Thy-1 antigen: selective association in lymphoid organs with the vascular basement membrane involved in lymphocyte recirculation. AB - The cell surface differentiation antigen, Thy-1, was demonstrated by immunofluorescence to be associated with collagen-based connective tissue (mainly basement membrane) around some blood vessels in rat lymphoid organs. This association is highly selective: only certain types of blood vessel within a given lymphoid organ were found to be Thy-1+; and different lymphoid organs (thymus, bone marrow, lymph node and spleen) had characteristic differences in the types of blood vessel that bear Thy-1. In lymph node and spleen the vessels that were Thy-1+ were those involved in lymphocyte recirculation and homing (post capillary venules and arterioles of white pulp); the possibility that Thy-1 may function in mediating selective adhesion of small lymphocytes to extracellular substrates during recirculation is discussed. PMID- 6991397 TI - Xenoantiserum to human C3 receptors: its preparation and effect on the C3b and C3d receptors of tonsil cells and the C3b receptors of erythrocytes and neutrophils. AB - Antisera directed against complement (C3) receptors on human tonsil cells were prepared and tested for their capacity to block specifically C3 receptors on various types of human cells. The antisera were capable of blocking both membrane bound and solubilized C3 receptors of human tonsil cells. The C3b receptors of human erythrocytes and granulocytes were also blocked by the anti-C3 receptor sera. Sheep erythrocyte rosette formation was not affected. IgG-EoxA rosette formation was only slightly reduced by the anti-C3 receptor sera. Immunofluorescent staining with anti-C3 receptor sera revealed only a faint or negative staining of T cells and a distinct staining of EAC-reactive tonsil cells, lymphocytic leukaemia cells, and granulocytes. Absorption of the antisera with human serum proteins, brain, thymus, liver, EU-1 cell line cells, or trypsinized tonsil cells did not influence the capacity of the anti-C3 receptor sera to inhibit C3 receptors, whereas absorption with splenic tissue or tonsil cells completely removed the blocking activity of the anti-C3 receptor sera. Absorption with human erythrocytes or kidney removed only the inhibitory effect of the antisera on C3b receptors of tonsil cells, human erythrocytes, and granulocytes, but not on C3d receptors of tonsil cells. The results indicate that (a) the antisera prepared with the described procedure contained significant amounts of antibody against C3 receptors, (b) the receptors for C3b and C3d differe in antigenicity, and (c) the C3b receptors of tonsil cells, human erythrocytes, granulocytes, and probably glomerular cells have common antigenic sites. PMID- 6991400 TI - Requirement for B-lymphocyte alloantigen in the production of neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T). AB - Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T) is produced in response to mitogens as the result of cellular interactions between T and B lymphocytes. The requirement for B-cell alloantigen in this interaction process was indicated by (1) collaboration between peripheral blood T cells with various B lymphoblast cell lines but not with non-B lymphoblast cells for NIF-T production, (2) inhibition of NIF-T production by treating collaborating B lymphoblasts with B-cell specific antiserum, and (3) inhibition of NIF-T production by peripheral blood lypmphocytes in the presence of anti-B-cell antiserum and F(ab')2 with anti-B-cell specificity. PMID- 6991402 TI - Identification of proteolytic enzyme in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 6991401 TI - Human monocyte-derived chemotactic factor for granulocytes. AB - Production of the chemotactic factor for granulocytes (CFG) by human mononuclear cells was studied using the agarose plate method. CFG was produced by mononuclear cells placed in an agarose well, and a chemotactic gradient was formed in the surrounding area. The degree of CFG production by mononuclear cells was estimated by the chemotactic response of indicator granulocytes which were placed in separated agarose wells in the same dish. CFG production was observed after 3 h culture in a well where LPS or anti-beta 2 microglobulin serum stimulated mononuclear cells were placed. CFG did not show chemotactic activity for monocytes. PHA, Con A, PWM and Sepharose-Protein A failed to activate mononuclear cells to produce significant amounts of CFG compared with non-stimulated cells. There was a dose-response relationship between the chemotactic activity of the CFG produced and the number of phagocytic mononuclear cells in well culture. Thus it was concluded that the CFG-producing cells are not lymphocytes, but phagocytic mononuclear cells or monocytes. PMID- 6991403 TI - Bacillary dysentery due to multidrug resistant Sh. dysenteriae type 1. PMID- 6991404 TI - Bacteriocin (klebocin) sensitivity typing as an epidemiological marker of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 6991405 TI - Prevalence of R-plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 6991406 TI - Cellular immunity in rabies virus infection: leukocyte-migration inhibition in vitro. PMID- 6991408 TI - Hypertension produced by sodium depletion and unilateral nephrectomy: a new experimental model. AB - Unilateral nephrectomy of sodium-restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats produced a sustained elevation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) that was reversed by sodium repletion. A chronic intraperitoneal infuson of SQ14,225 prevented the development of hypertension in sodium-deplete unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Sodium depletion of two-kidney rats increased SBP to a lesser extent, while unilateral nephrectomy of sodium replete animals had no effect. These results provide evidence for a new model of experimental hypertension in the rat and emphasize the importance of a renal component, as demonstrated by unilateral nephrectomy, in the maintenance of normal pressure-volume relationships. PMID- 6991407 TI - Hypotensive action of captopril and saralasin in intact and anephric spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Intravenous injection of the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ14,225 (captopril, 2 mg/kg) reduced the blood pressure of anesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) progressively over a 3-hour period. An indistinguishable fall in blood pressure occurred in SHR that were bilaterally nephrectomized 1 hour prior to injection of the converting enzyme inhibitor. In the nephrectomized animals, plasma renin activity (PRA) had fallen to less than 30% of its initial values at the time of injection. Injection of the vehicle alone had no effect on blood pressure in either anephric or intact SHR. The converting enzyme inhibitor produced no significant change in the blood pressure of either intact or anephric normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (NT-WK) rats. Infusions of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II (saralasin, 10 micrograms/kg-1/min-1) similarly reduced blood pressure of both intact and anephric SHR. These results indicate that captopril and saralasin lower blood pressure in the SHR by some mechanism(s) independent of the kidneys, circulating renin, or bradykinin potentiation. It is suggested that angiotensin II, locally produced at some critical tissue site(s), is involved in the maintenance of raised blood pressure in SHR. PMID- 6991409 TI - Suppression of stimulated plasma renin by clonidine in the dog. AB - The mechanism by which clonidine suppresses plasma renin activity (PRA) was investigated in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Injection of clonidine (1 micrograms/kg) into the cisterna magna decreased PRA from levels stimulated by prior hemorrhage into a blood reservoir to reduce mean blood pressure by 25% (21.7 ng/ml/hr +/- 6.6 SE leads to 11.1 ng/ml/hr +/- 2.4 SE; p less than 0.05). Clonidine reduced heart rate but mean arterial pressure remained constant due to fluid movement between the reservoir and the arterial circulation of the dog. These effects could not be attributed to leakage of clonidine from the cerebrospinal fluid since intravenous administration of the same dose had no effect on PRA. In animals bilaterally splanchnicotomized at the level of the diaphragm, elevated PRA was not reduced by intracisternal clonidine. When return of reservoir fluid was prevented, animals became hypotensive after central clonidine and renin tended to increase. These results indicate that clonidine reduces stimulated renin by a central mechanism that is dependent upon the integrity of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney. Other stimuli for renin release may override the inhibitory effect of central clonidine. PMID- 6991410 TI - In vitro synthesis of anti-mycobacterial antibodies in biopsies from skin lesions of leprosy patients. AB - To demonstrate local synthesis of anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibodies, biopsies from skin lesions of leprosy patients were cultured in vitro in a medium containing 14C-labeled lysine and isoleucine, and the culture fluids were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel and autoradiography. The results show that anti-M. leprae antibodies were synthesized in vitro in the biopsies from the skin lesions of leprosy patients and that the specificity of the locally produced antibodies varied from patient to patient. PMID- 6991411 TI - Bacteriostatic effect of serum: role of antibody to lipopolysaccharide. AB - Previous work has shown that antibody and transferrin, acting together, exert a bacteriostatic effect on certain pathogenic Escherichia coli. This effect may be due to the ability of the antibody to interfere with the release of the iron chelator, enterochelin, from the bacterial cell. Enterochelin is essential for the transport of iron from transferrin to the bacterial cell. The nature of the bacterial antigen against which the antibody is directed has now been determined by means of adsorption experiments. It was found that absorption of serum either with hear-killed cells of E. coli O111 or with Boivin antigen abolished the bacteriostatic effect. A monosaccharide, which proved to be colitose (3,6-dideoxy L-galactose), was isolated after acetic acid hydrolysis of the Boivin antigen. Colitose is the terminal monosaccharide of the O-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli O111. This monosaccharide abolished the bacteriostatic effect of both whole serum and mixtures of antibody and iron binding proteins. When administered by the intraperitoneal route, it reduced the resistance of mice to subsequent infection with E. coli O111. This ability of colitose to interfere with antibacterial mechanisms is in accord with published immunochemical studies. PMID- 6991414 TI - Comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen quantitation: direct competition and antibody inhibition. AB - Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen quantitation, direct competition and antibody inhibition, were used to measure rabbit immunoglobulin G in polystyrene microtiter plates and were compared for sensitivity and reproducibility. Both procedures repetitively detected this antigen in the 1- to 100-ng/ml range. Both procedures were predictably reproducible, with direct competition procedures having steeper slopes in ranges tested. Antibody inhibition does not require conjugated antigen and can detect sample antigens if available stock antigens can be passively bound to a solid-phase polystyrene plate. PMID- 6991412 TI - Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from Mycobacterium avium by rapid nitrogen decompression. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of high molecular weight could be isolated from cells of Mycobacterium avium if the cells were exposed to nitrogen gas at 1,500 lb/in2 for 30 min and then brought to atmospheric pressure by rapid decompression. DNA isolated from the cells had a molecular weight of 4.8 x 10(6) to 17.4 x 10(6). DNA was also released into the fluid in which the cells were suspended during nitrogen decompression. One-half of this DNA, representing 3% of the total DNA phosphorus in the cells had a uniform molecular weight of 4.2 x 10(6). This DNA was linear in conformation, and removal of associated carbohydrates did not change its sedimentation rate. The biological function or significance of the 4 megadalton DNA was not determined. PMID- 6991413 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on murine candidiasis. AB - Male CBA/J mice were given a single dose of 200 mg of cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg 3 days before a first or second cutaneous inoculation with viable Candida albicans in an attempt to suppress antibody formation and determine the effects of such suppression on the development of acquired immunity. After cutaneous inoculation, mice not treated with CY developed acquired immunity to intravenous challenge, which was accompanied by the development of circulating antibodies, delayed hypersensitivity, and in vitro responsiveness of lymph node cells to Candida antigens. CY treatment resulted in an immediate depression of peripheral blood leukocytes, with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes rebounding quickly to normal or above normal levels while lymphocyte remained depressed throughout the 4-week observation period. In vitro stimulation of lymph node cells from CY-treated mice was depressed shortly after treatment; however, responses to phytohemagglutinin and three Candida antigens (a cell wall preparation, a membrane preparation, and soluble cytoplasmic substances) recovered, whereas the responses to lipopolysaccharide did not. CY effects on the cutaneous lesion were twofold; first, the number of viable Candida cells in the lesions was much higher in animals receiving CY 3 days before Candida inoculation, and second, the size of the dermal lesion was either greatly enhanced or reduced depending upon the time of CY treatment relative to the number of cutaneous Candida inoculations. CY-treated animals developed higher levels of delayed hypersensitivity to the membrane preparation when infected once cutaneously than did corresponding untreated animals. The number of mice responding with circulating antibodies to soluble cytoplasmic substances after cutaneous inoculation was greatly reduced in CY-treated groups, and this impaired ability to produce antibodies correlated with the poor survival of these mice after intravenous challenge. Our results suggest that the ability to produce antibody at the time of challenge is crucial to successful defense against systemic candidiasis in this murine model. PMID- 6991415 TI - Correlation of the duration and magnitude of protection against Salmonella infection afforded by various vaccines with antibody titers. AB - Groups of mice were immunized with optimal doses of the following vaccines of Salmonella typhimurium W118-2: acetone-killed cells, lipopolysaccharide, ribosomes, and live cells. At 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, or 6 months postimmunization, sera were collected from control and vaccinated animals, and the anti-lipopolysaccharide and whole-cell agglutination titers of the sera were determined. Other groups of similarly vaccinated mice were tested for resistance to infection by challenging with live W118-2 and scoring the number of survivors 30 days postinfection. It was found that only ribosomes and live cells afforded significant protection 6 months after immunization. Thus, in duration of protection ribosomes were superior to the other nonviable vaccines tested. At all time intervals tested, purified lipopolysaccharide was the least effective vaccine. Protection afforded by the acetone-killed cell and ribosomal vaccines correlated better with the whole-cell agglutination titers than with the anti lipopolysaccharide titers. However, the longer duration of protection afforded by the ribosomal vaccine, as compared with the acetone-killed vaccine, could not be accounted for by differences in whole-cell agglutination titers. These studies show that ribosomal vaccines are equal in all parameters to acetone-killed cells and have the advantage of providing longer-lasting immunity. PMID- 6991416 TI - Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium. AB - A new chemically defined medium for the growth of group A streptococci has been formulated. The advantages of this new medium over previously described defined media are: (i) rates of growth (i.e., doubling times) of 20 strains were comparable to the rates of growth in complex media; (ii) each strain grew to a higher culture density in the new defined medium than in complex media; (iii) transfer from complex media with small inocula was possible without any prior adaptation regimen; and (iv) the production of virulence factors (i.e., M protein and hyaluronic acid) and extracellular enzymes during growth in this new medium was comparable to that in complex media. PMID- 6991417 TI - Comparative stimulation of granulocyte adherence and chemotaxis by bacterial products. AB - Many inflammatory stimuli increase both in vitro granulocyte adhesiveness and motility. The present investigation compared the effects of bacterial products on in vitro granulocyte adherence to nylon fiber and granulocyte motility. Escherichia coli endotoxin and Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli culture filtrates enhanced both motility and granulocyte adherence to nylon. Column chromatography of S. aureus culture filtrate demonstrated that similar molecular weight components stimulated both motility and granulocyte adherence. In contrast, endotoxin stimulated granulocyte adherence but not chemotaxis in plasma free medium. In addition, a group D streptococcal culture filtrate enhanced motility but not adhesiveness of plasma-free granulocytes. These studies indicate that inflammatory stimuli may interact with granulocytes in concert to enhance both adhesiveness and motility, or they may interact independently to stimulate one in vitro function preferentially. PMID- 6991418 TI - Immunoglobulin E antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus cell walls in the sera of patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and recurrent staphylococcal infection. AB - The specificity of antistaphylococcal antibodies of the IgE class in five patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and recurrent staphylococcal infection has been investigated. Purified cell walls were prepared from various staphylococcal strains, and serum immunoglobulin E binding was measured by using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Immunoglobulin E binding occurred only with cell walls from Staphylococcus aureus strains, including walls from a teichoic acid deficient mutant. Immunoglobulin E did not bind to cell wall preparations from the coagulase-negative species S. capitis, S. sciuri subsp. lentus, S. simulans, S. xylosus, staphylococcal strains RB-11 and Armour, and from a group A streptococcus strain CS44. Since the glycan backbone and the tetrapeptide (pentapeptide) subunit of the peptidoglycan of all staphylococcal strains tested are believed to be identical, it is suggested that IgE binding is related to either the peptidoglycan interpeptide bridge or an unknown antigenic structure within the cell wall of S. aureus. The pathophysiological significance of antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin E antibodies in the disorder studied is at present unknown. The formation of immunoglobulin E antibodies to S. aureus cell wall components may be a manifestation of an aberrant immunological response to S. aureus related to the undue susceptibility to staphylococcal infections in these patients. PMID- 6991419 TI - Evidence for an immunological relationship between Streptococcus mutans and human cardiac tissue. AB - Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, indirect immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoassay were used to demonstrate that antisera from rabbits immunized with some strains of Streptococcus mutans contain antibodies that cross-react with human cardiac tissue. These rabbits were sensitized to a shocking dose of human heart antigen, and anaphylactic deaths were sometimes produced. Myocarditis was also a result of the immunization procedure. Data obtained with all five techniques were comparable. Cross-reactivity could be associated with three antigens designated ID, IF, and HL. Antigens ID and IF were major immunogens of S. mutans Ingbritt, but HL antibodies were produced only after hyperimmunization. Corss-reactivity was of an immunological nature and not the result of nonspecific factors such as bacterial Fc reactive components or antibody elicited to growth medium constituents. These findings support the hypothesis that immunization with S. mutans can induce autoimmune reactions and indicate that antigens must be selected with caution before formulating any dental caries vaccine. PMID- 6991421 TI - Effects of activated macrophages on Nacardia asteroides. AB - The mechanism(s) of host resistance against Nocardia asteroides has not been well defined. Since disease due to N. asteroides frequently occurs in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity, we studied the interaction of N. asteroides with activated and control mouse peritoneal macrophages. Activated macrophages were from mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii or injected with Corynebacterium parvum. N. asteroides in the early stationary phase (>99% in the coccobacillary form) was used for challenge of macrophage monolayers. Growth of two strains of N. asteroides was markedly inhibited in activated macrophages, whereas N. asteroides grew well in control macrophages. Quantitation of macrophage associated N. asteroides indicated that activated macrophages killed 40 to 50% of N. asteroides within 6 h (P < 0.002). In control macrophage preparations, it appeared as if Nocardia filaments extended from within macrophages to the outside, and many of these filaments appeared to have extended to and then grown through neighboring macrophages. In activated macrophage preparations, Nocardia remained in the coccobacillary form in most macrophages. Control macrophage monolayers were almost completely overgrown with and destroyed by Nocardia 20 h after challenge, whereas activated macrophage monolayers remained intact. Nocardia that grew in control macrophages were not acid-alcohol fast or only weakly so, whereas the few Nocardia that grew in activated macrophages were strongly acid-alcohol fast. Our results indicate that activated macrophages may be important in host defense against N. asteroides. PMID- 6991420 TI - Binding of streptococcal antigens to muscle tissue in vitro. AB - Antigens extracted from cells of Streptococcus pyogenes T6 and Streptococcus mutans strains AHT, BHT, 10449, OMZ175, and K1R adsorbed to the sarcolemmal sheath of cardiac muscle cells in vitro. Similar preparations from S. salivarius, S. sanguis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus casei had weak or negligible tissue-binding activity. Tissue-bound bacterial antigens were detected with homologous rabbit antisera with both indirect immunofluorescence tests and an indirect radioimmunoassay. Serological cross-reactivity was observed between the tissue-binding factors of S. pyogenes and S. mutans cells but not between the bacteria and muscle tissue. In a comparative study of extraction procedures, the greatest yield of tissue-binding factors was obtained from group A streptococci by cell disruption in buffer at 4 degrees C. Hot aqueous phenol and hot water extracts were inactive. Antibodies specific for the tissue-binding factor(s) were readily adsorbed from rabbit anti-S. pyogenes serum by a preparation of isolated cytoplasmic membranes but not by a suspension of cell wall fragments. The heart binding component of S. pyogenes cell extracts was inactivated by protease digestion and heat treatment and to a lesser extent by periodic acid oxidation. The capacity of heart cell components to adsorb streptococcal antigens was reduced by protease treatment but not by the action of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, organic solvents, or detergents. PMID- 6991422 TI - Adherence of Candida albicans to a fibrin-platelet matrix formed in vitro. AB - The adherence of Candida albicans to a fibrin-platelet matrix formed in vitro was studied. Platelet-rich plasma obtained from rabbits was incubated with thrombin and CaCl2 to form a clot in tissue culture dishes. Such clots were then infected with 3 x 10(7) C. albicans cells per 0.3 ml prelabeled with [U14C]-glucose, and the percent adherence was measured after 30 min of incubation by counting the radioactivity in saline washes of the clot as well as a streptokinase streptodornase digest of the corresponding clot. Heat- and formaldehyde-killed cells did not adhere as well as viable cells. Pretreatment of C. albicans with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pronase reduced adherence to the clots. Normal rabbit serum and anti-Candida antiserum also inhibited adherence 40 and 100%, respectively, Diethylaminoethyl-purified anti-Candida gamma globulin (1:8) completely inhibited adherence, whereas purified normal serum gamma globulin did not. Several Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed differences in their ability to adhere to clots. C. albicans and C. stellatoidea presented the highest adherence, whereas C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and S. cerevisiae adhered less readily. Other species were intermediate in their ability to adhere. PMID- 6991423 TI - Adherence of Candida albicans and other Candida species to mucosal epithelial cells. AB - To study the possible involvement of candidal adherence in mucosal colonization, we examined the in vitro adherence capabilities of seven Candida species. Adherence was evaluated by direct microscopic examination and by a quantitative radiometric adherence test. The results indicate that C. albicans adheres to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells to a significantly greater degree (P less than 0.01) than the other species tested. C. tropicalis and C. stellatoidea demonstrated moderate adherence capabilities, while C. parapsilosis adhered only to a slight degree. Other species failed to interact with isolated mucosal cells. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between the adherence capabilities of the Candida species and their abilities to colonize mucosal surfaces, since those species which adhere are those which most frequently colonize mucosal surfaces. C. albicans was found to be adherent under a variety of environmental conditions. Stationary-phase blastospores of C. albicans were found to be more adherent than logarithmic-phase yeasts, and larger blastospore cell-to-epithelial cell ratios resulted in greater adherence values. The actual number of adherent yeasts varied considerably when epithelial cells were obtained from different donors. PMID- 6991425 TI - Influence of serum concentration on opsonization by the classical and alternative complement pathways. AB - In this investigation of bacterial opsonization by the serum complement system, the importance of using various serum concentrations and of performing kinetic studies is demonstrated. PMID- 6991424 TI - New type of antibody-enzyme conjugate which specifically kills Candida albicans. AB - A new type of antibody-enzyme conjugate was made, and its possible application to Candida infection was studied. Both lactoperoxidase and xanthine oxidase were conjugated to specific antibody against Candida albicans. In vitro microbiocidal activity of the new antibody-enzyme conjugate, when incubated together with xanthine and minute amount of halides, showed a remarkable level of candidacidal ability. When the new antibody-enzyme conjugate was given to Candida-infected mice, followed by injecting xanthine and a minute amount of halides, about 50% of these heavily infected mice survived, whereas all control nontreated mice died. These data suggest that the further eleboration of this new antibody-enzyme conjugate might lead us to improve our therapeutic methods of clinical medicine. PMID- 6991426 TI - Production of bacteremia and meningitis in infant rats with group B streptococcal serotypes. AB - Group B streptococcal strains, representing the five major serotypes, were inoculated into infant rats by intranasal, oral, and intraperitoneal routes. Bacteremia regularly followed injection by the intraperitoneal route. Four strains (three of type III) isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid appeared more virulent for 5-day-old rats. Injection of fewer than 10 colony-forming units of one strain, a type III, led to bacteremia and death in 27% of animals. The cumulative bacteremia and mortality rate with this strain was 66% in animals given inocula of less than 10 to 10(3) colony-forming units. Bacteremia developed by 24 to 48 h with concentrations of greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml of blood, and death occurred soon afterward. Among bacteremic animals, positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures were found in 97%, and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial concentrations were equal to or exceeded bacterial counts in blood. The susceptibility of infant rats to infection with type Ia, Ic, or III strains was age dependent. Histopathological studies of the brain and meninges in 34 bacteremic animals with culture-positive cerebrospinal fluid revealed that 5- to 10-day-old animals had numerous bacteria distributed in a perivascular pattern but, with one exception, no leukocytic infiltration. In contrast, three of the 11 to 12-day-old and two 15-day-old animals had very thickened meninges infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and bacteria. PMID- 6991427 TI - Measles-specific antibodies in sera and cerebrospinal fluids of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Immunoprecipitation methods were used to analyze sera and cerebrospinal fluids from patients with multiple sclerosis for measles virus-specific antibodies. The sera contained antibodies against all virus antigens except the matrix polypeptide. Of the nine cerebrospinal fluids investigated, two contained undetectable levels of measles-specific antibodies, four contained antibodies against the nucleocapsid and another internal antigen, and three contained antibodies against the surface antigens as well as the internal antigens. PMID- 6991428 TI - Lack of immunoglobulin M suppression by immunoglobulin G antibody in thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted (T-deprived) mie infected with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii produced antibody titers comparable to those produced in intact syngeneic mice. Both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were produced in T-deprived animals; however, the IgM antibody remained constant in the presence of increasing amounts of IgG. In the intact animals, IgM became undetectable by day 50 postinfection as expected. Feedback inhibition of IgM by IgG seems to be dependent upon T-cells in Toxoplasma infected mice. PMID- 6991429 TI - Alteration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity by viable Candida albicans. AB - The response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to blastospores and pseudo-hyphae of the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Of the fungicidal mechanisms elucidated thus far, the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system appears to be most effective against cells of this fungus. In our studies on the interaction between murine PMN and blastospores, we assayed the release of H2O2 by PMN incubated with viable or killed, unopsonized or opsonized blastospores by using two assay systems, lysis of murine erythrocytes and oxidation of scopoletin. Our results showed that PMN released increasing amounts of H2O2 when incubated with increasing numbers of opsonized or unopsonized killed blastospores, but released decreasing amounts of H2O2 when incubated with increasing numbers of opsonized or unopsonized viable blastospores. The oxidative metabolic burst by PMN in the presence of viable or killed blastospores was also measured by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and chemiluminescence. Viable blastospores stimulated a stronger metabolic burst than killed blastospores, suggesting that PMN respond to live blastospores more vigorously than killed blastospores; however, live blastospores appear to alter or inhibit the release of H2O2 by PMN. PMID- 6991431 TI - Attachment of Proteus mirabilis to human urinary sediment epithelial cells in vitro is different from that of Escherichia coli. AB - The in vitro attachment of 335 Proteus mirabilis strains from various human sources to human urinary tract epithelial cells was measured. No significant difference in adhesive capacity was found between P. mirabilis strains isolated from the blood of 89 patients with bacteremia, the stools of 36 healthy subjects and 56 patients with diarrhea, and the urine of 62 adults and 92 children with bacteriuria. High mean adhesion values were observed in all groups. The P. mirabilis strains attached only to squamous cells and not to transitional epithelial cells, whereas most of the Escherichia coli strains tested attached to both cell types; strains from patients with acute pyelonephritis attached more often than those from patients with acute cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria. The attachment of P. mirabilis to squamous epithelial cells was high about day 15 of the menstrual cycle of the epithelial cell donor, but low at the beginning and the end of the cycle. In contrast, the attachment of E. coli to squamous and transitional epithelial cells did not vary significantly with the menstrual cycle of the cell donor. Differences in adhesion characteristics of E. coli and P. mirabilis may relate to the differences in clinical appearance of urinary tract infections produced by the two organisms. PMID- 6991432 TI - Effect of Treponema pallidum-infected testis supernatants on the cellular response of normal rabbit lymphocytes. AB - This report presents evidence indicating that both Treponema pallidum and the T. pallidum-free supernatant from T. pallidum-infected rabbit testes exert an immunosuppressive effect on the spontaneous proliferation and mitogenic response of normal rabbit lymphocytes. This effect seemed to be on the level of clonal expansion since antigenic recognition and blastogenic factor production occurred in spite of the presence of the immunosuppressive substance(s). The implication of this finding for T. pallidum multiplication in rabbit testes is discussed. PMID- 6991430 TI - Enhanced phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of hepatic reticuloendothelial system during endotoxin tolerance. AB - The effects of tolerance to Escherichia coli endotoxin on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable E. coli were examined using ex vivo perfused rat livers. Livers were isolated from control and endotoxin-tolerant rats and perfused with a medium containing 5% homologous serum from either control or tolerant rats. After the addition of the E. coli (2 x 10(7) cells per ml) to the perfusate, the hepatic clearance of the bacteria was followed for 30 min. The highest activation of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system was observed when serum from tolerant animals was added to the perfusate. Under these conditions phagocytosis was 47% (12% in controls), and 37 to 38% of the bacteria were killed (5% in controls). This activation was less when livers obtained from tolerant rats were perfused with serum from controls or with saline only. The data suggests that, during endotoxin tolerance, humoral factors play an important role in the activation of the hepatic reticulendothelial system, although a direct stimulation of Kupffer cells also occurs. The enhancement of phagocytosis by tolerant serum did not require the presence of homologous antibodies and involved the activation of the alternative complement pathway, since it was lost after removal of factor B activity. On the other hand, stimulation of intracellular killing required both complement and specific antibodies. The data suggest a role of endotoxin in the activation of humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in the host resistance to gram-negative bacterial infection. PMID- 6991433 TI - Breast milk lymphocyte response to K1 antigen of Escherichia coli. AB - Comparison milk and blood lymphocyte blastogenic responses to the K1 antigen of Escherichia coli and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O127,B8 were examined in 16 postpartum women by [3H]thymidine uptake. Rabbit hemolysincoated sheep erythrocyte monolayers were used to deplete macrophages from milk lymphocyte preparations and to enrich for T lymphocytes in order to make milk preparations more comparable to blood preparations. Response was defined as a stimulation index of greater than or equal to 2.0. There was no evidence of selective response to K1 antigen by milk lymphocytes, since both blood and milk lymphocytes responded in four women and neither blood nor milk lymphocytes responded in nine. Milk lymphocytes alone responded to K1 in one woman, whereas blood lymphocytes alone responded in two women. Additional nonpaired milk or blood cultures were available from three women. None of these responded to K1 antigen. Corresponding lymphocyte cultures were stimulated with LPS. A positive K1 response was always accompanied by an LPS response, and the LPS response correlated with the K1 response in 17 of 19 women. Stool cultures examined with an antiserum agar showed no correlation between the presence of K1 E. coli in the stool and milk or blood lymphocyte response to K1 antigen. In the system used here, no selectivity of response of breast milk lymphocytes to K1 antigen was noted. PMID- 6991434 TI - Isolation and characterization of arginine auxotrophs of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Arginine auxotrophs were isolated in both mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans. In both mutants, the auxotrophy was due to the lack of active argininosuccinate lyase. The virulence in mice of the mutants was compared with that of the wild type. One auxotroph displayed a loss of virulence which appeared to be related to the presence of another mutation, one which prevented normal cell separation after budding. The other auxotroph had reduced virulence compared with the wild type, but a variant isolated from it by mouse passage had virulence equivalent to that of the wild type while maintaining the auxotrophic requirements. PMID- 6991435 TI - Effects of a single hit from the alpha hemolysin produced by Escherichia coli on the morphology of sheep erythrocytes. AB - Scanning electron micrographs of sheep erythrocytes showed that attachment of the alpha hemolysin produced by Escherichia coli resulted in the formation of spherocytes, with 10 to 20 small projections spaced relatively evenly over the surface of the erythrocyte membrane. This shape change was induced within 5 min after treatment. If the hemolysin concentration was reduced to a level which would lyse only a fraction of the total erythrocytes, the affected cells were easily identified against a background of normal, unaffected cells. Unlike sodium lauryl sulfate and other amphipathic agents which enter cell membranes and increase their flexibility, low concentrations of hemolysin did not provide protection against hypotonic hemolysis. These findings indicate that the surface projections were not the result of membrane expansion caused by incorporation of hemolysin into the outer portion of the lipid bilayer. The ability of a given amount of hemolysin to release a constant amount of hemoglobin in the presence of increasing concentrations of red cells confirmed that a single hit is sufficient for lysis. These results suggest that a single hemolysin molecule can bind to a sheep erythrocyte and trigger internal reactions which result in the derangement of membrane integrity at multiple sites on the surface. Confirmation of one-hit kinetics indicates that measurement of E. coli hemolysin activity should be carried out at low ratios of hemolysin to erythrocyte to decrease the possibility of multiple hits on a single cell. PMID- 6991436 TI - Protective effect of immunization with heat-labile enterotoxin in gnotobiotic rats monocontaminated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The protective effect of active immunization with a purified preparation of the polymyxin-release form of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), administered using a parenteral prime and peroral boosts given after ablation of gastric secretion by means of cimetidine, was assessed in gnotobiotic rats which were challenged by monocontamination with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli. Water transport was evaluated by the in vivo marker perfusion technique at weekly intervals over a 3-week period after contamination. Water transport in unimmunized control rats was consistently in absorption in those contaminated by a nontoxigenic strain, in secretion during only week 2 in those contaminated by an LT(+)/- strain, in secretion during weeks 2 and 3 in those contaminated by an LT(+)/ST(+) (heat-stable enterotoxin) strain, and consistently in absorption in those contaminated by an -/ST(+) strain. Rats immunized with a booster dosage of 250 mug had a significant increase (P < 0.001) in net water absorption as compared to unimmunized rats, with values in the borderline range of absorption, when challenged with either the LT(+)/- or LT(+)/ST(+) strains. Rats immunized with a 10-fold-higher boosting dosage had a significant increase (P < 0.001) in net water absorption as compared to those boosted at the lower dosage; water absorption was within the normal range. There was no difference between the ileal bacterial counts of unimmunized and immunized rats challenged by the various strains. These observations indicate that this immunization program provides complete protection in an animal model against challenge by intestinal contamination with enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli which produce LT, either alone or in combination with ST. PMID- 6991437 TI - Effect of route on inoculation on host resistance to Nocardia. AB - Virulent strains of Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae were injected into mice by five different routes. When these organisms were grown to the same stage of growth in the same medium and otherwise prepared identically, it was found that they differed significantly in their ability to infect and kill the host, depending entirely upon the route of inoculation. Thus, N. caviae 112 was 30 times more virulent than N. asteroides GUH-2 when administered intranasally, whereas N. asteroides was at least 10 times more pathogenic than N. caviae when injected intravenously. They had similar degrees of virulence when given intraperitoneally. N. asteroides GUH-2 induced a more persistent and progressive infection than N. caviae 112 when injected into the footpads of mice; however, the latter strain was more lethal for the animals when given by this route. Different routes of infecting mice indicate a compartmentalization of the host response to different strains of nocardia. Therefore, the use of different strains of nocardia under carefully controlled and defined conditions should make it possible to dissect the nocardia-host interactions at the cellular levels. PMID- 6991438 TI - Relationship among enterotoxigenic phenotypes, serotypes, and sources of strains in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The relationship among O groups, O:H serotypes and enterotoxigenic phenotypes was examined in 76 Escherichia coli strains isolated in Brazil from different sources. Of the 17 heat-labile and -stable enterotoxin (LT/ST)-producing strains whose O antigens were identified, 15 belonged to serotypes O6:H16 (7 strains), O63:H- (5 strains), and O139:H28 (3 strains). All 11 ST strains were in group OO128PAC, which was represented by four O:H serotypes. The 23 LT strains with the O antigen identified were distributed among serotypes of 14 O groups. Colonization factor CFA/I was not found in any of the LT strains, but it was found in six LT/ST and three ST strains. On the whole, each E. coli O:H serotype had a particular fermentation pattern. LT/ST as well as ST strains were all isolated from patients with diarrhea, whereas LT strains were isolated from patients with diarrhea, normal children, food, and river water. PMID- 6991440 TI - Transfer of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin production to nontoxigenic strains of lysogenic conversion. AB - Production of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) type A and C was transferred from toxigenic streptococcal strains to nontoxigenic strains by lysogeny. Lysogens were tested for SPE with Ouchterlony immunodiffusion on Todd Hewitt agar plates; toxin diffusing from isolated colonies reacted with specific hyperimmune antisera to SPE. Phage prepared from strains T25(3) (T12gl) and 3GL16, both yielding SPE type A, formed plaques on T25(3) (NONLYSOGENIC) lawns. Over 90% of the colonies picked from the plaque centers yielded A toxin, suggesting SPE type A was transferred by lysogenic conversion. SPE type C formation was transferred to nontoxigenic strains T25(3) and K56 with supernatant fluids from mitomycin C-induced cultures of CS112, producing SPE types B and C. All lysogens tested were positive for SPE type C, indicating that C toxin induction also was transferred by lysogenic conversion. SPE type B formation was not transferable by lysogeny with the strains tested. PMID- 6991439 TI - Isolation of a soluble component of Plasmodium berghei which induces immunity in rats. AB - Soluble material was obtained from sonically freed plasmodiae by three procedures. Two procedures, cryo-impacting and freeze-thawing, were evaluated for their ability to disrupt the parasites and release soluble material. The soluble materials obtained by these procedures were compared to materials washed from the surfaces of sonically freed parasites. Between 35 and 40% of the total parasite protein was solubilized by freeze-thawing or cryo-impacting. One cycle of freeze thawing released nearly as much protein as could be released by this method, and additional cycles of freeze-thawing had little additional effect. Cryo-impacting solubilized only a small amount of protein in addition to that which was released by the cycle of freeze-thawing inherent in the procedure. Reductions in the packed cell volume of the material remaining after freeze-thawing or cryo impacting indicate that the insoluble fragments are broken into smaller pieces as treatment is extended. Electron microscopy of 30-s cryo-impacted and three-times freeze-thawed parasites revealed membrane fragments similar in appearance. Patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble material from freeze-thawed and cryo-impacted parasites were also similar, and approximately 13 protein bands were demonstrated. The material washed from the surfaces of the free parasites, on the other hand, resolved into only two to four major bands on the gel columns. In immunization studies, the soluble and insoluble fractions obtained by freeze-thawing or cryo-impacting and the material washed from the surfaces of the parasites all stimulated a protective immune response. On the basis of the amount of protein required to stimulate roughly comparable immunity, the soluble fraction obtained by freeze-thawing or cryo impacting free parasites was about twice as potent an immunogen as was the insoluble fraction. The material obtained by gentle washing of the freed parasites was approximately 20 times as potent an immunogen as were the freed parasites and about 7 times as potent as the soluble material obtained by freeze thawing or cryo-impacting. PMID- 6991441 TI - Selective suppression of granuloma formation and delayed hypersensitivity in rabbits. AB - The relationship between dermal delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and granulomatous hypersensitivity was studied in rabbits sensitized with killed mycobacteria. Specific antigen challenge of sensitized animals resulted in extensive pulmonary granulomatous inflammation and induced suppression of both dermal DH and dermal granuloma formation. Whereas suppression of DH was concomitant with pulmonary granuloma formation, as is the case in a number of granulomatous diseases, a causal relationship between the two did not exist. Both DH and dermal granulomatous hypersensitivity were significantly suppressed whether or not the antigen challenge was of a granulomagenic (particulate) or nongranulomagenic (soluble) form. The data presented indicate that granulomatous hypersensitivity and DH are selectively suppressed with regard to different anatomical sites. PMID- 6991442 TI - Effect of experimental dengue virus infection on humoral and cell-mediated immune response to thymus-dependent antigen. AB - Mice injected with dengue virus showed a depressed primary and secondary humoral immune response to SRBC as measured by the number of antibody-forming cells, haemagglutinin and haemolysin titres. The time of administration of SRBC during the infection was found to be an important factor determining the response to SRBC. The cell-mediated immune response was also suppressed as measured by the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to SRBC in the footpad. While the immunosuppression of humoral immunity was only transient and the animals recovered within 30 days following infection, the cell-mediated immunity remained suppressed throughout this period. Immunofluorescent studies and LD50 determination of the infected brains demonstrated significant virus titres from 7 to 15 days postinfection. This period coincided with maximal immunosuppression. PMID- 6991444 TI - Reversible suppression of allo-antibody production by cyclosporin A. AB - Treatment of rats with 25 mg/kg/day of cyclosporin A suppressed their immune response to skin allografts. Withdrawal of cyclosporin A treatment led to complete recovery of specific immune responsiveness and the time taken for recovery was independent of the duration of treatment. Titration of the dose of cyclosporin A administered in vivo indicated that doses of 12 mg/kg/day or less were not fully immunosuppressive. PMID- 6991443 TI - Studies on immune response to Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Evaluation of the cell mediated immune response in mice. AB - Evaluation of the cell-mediated immune response (CMI) in mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium revealed a disturbance in the nonspecific components of the CMI. Expression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in skin test studies indicated that the organism is capable of inducing skin reactivity in mice. This begins at a very early stage of infection and subsequently decays as the infection becomes disseminated. At this stage, gross pathological changes are noticed followed by a high rate of mortality. An in vitro correlate of DTH, namely lymphocyte transformation, was in concordance with the observation on DTH. The suppression of CMI appears to be due to extensive multiplication of the infecting pathogen within the host system. PMID- 6991445 TI - Estimation of total body water in mammals by deuterium dilution. PMID- 6991446 TI - Digoxin without effect on renin release in healthy subjects. AB - In the clinical evaluation of renin status, the effect of chronic digitalization is unknown. A 50 per cent decrease in PRA is presented after intravenous digoxin injection. In this study the acute intake of 0.75 mg digoxin decreased PRA slightly (p less than 0,05), but no difference could be found in ten healthy volunteers in regard to PRA after placebo, randomly examined twice after digoxin and once after placebo tablets. Eight healthy volunteers were digitalized with 2.5 mg digoxin in total during four days. Renin release was stimulated by ergometric exercise (900 kpm for 10 min) before and after digitalization, when the mean serum digoxin concentration was 2.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (SEM). No difference in basal or exercise-stimulated PRA could be found after digoxin. We conclude that the steady state digitalis therapy does not interfere with renin release. The peripheral vasoconstriction accompanied with the acute intravenous digitalis administration can lead to a transient decrease of PRA. PMID- 6991447 TI - Recent developments in the surgical treatment of pituitary tumours. PMID- 6991448 TI - Gastric secretion in chronic uraemia and after renal transplantation. PMID- 6991449 TI - The rate of change of haemoglobin A1 in response to altered plasma glucose levels in insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 6991450 TI - Dr. Michael Soden, M.A.O. PMID- 6991451 TI - Tools of the trade--Doolin Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6991452 TI - The effects of relaxation training on psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 6991453 TI - Research in psychiatric and mental health nursing. PMID- 6991454 TI - Relaxation skills training--an alternative in the treatment of headache. PMID- 6991455 TI - Rates of karyotype evolution in placental mammals. PMID- 6991456 TI - Allozyme variation in natural populations of field vole (Microtus agrestis L.). I. Survey of the 'semi-stable' population in southern Sweden. PMID- 6991457 TI - Protein turnover in the whole animal. AB - Methods of measuring whole body protein turnover (WBPT) are discussed briefly. In a range of species from mouse to cow WBPT in the adult bears a fairly constant relationship to metabolic mass and to basal oxygen consumption. In young animals WBPT per unit metabolic mass is higher than in adults. During growth there appears to be an increase in the rate of protein breakdown as well as of synthesis. Of all tissues which have been studied, muscle shows the greatest developmental changes in the rate of protein synthesis. In the absence of food, for example during the night, the rate of protein turnover falls. Studies on the effects of different levels of protein and energy supply have not so far given a constant picture. Very few measurements of WBPT in disease states have been made. Preliminary results suggest that the loss of nitrogen after injury may be due to a block in synthesis rather than to an increase in body protein breakdown. PMID- 6991458 TI - [Hearing impairment in children. Its problems and prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Classification of the aetiological factors in sensorineural hearing loss in children and the possible methods of its causal diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is not per se resistant to treatment. Diagnostically distinction should be made between sensorineural and strial deafness, and for this accurate localization of pathology is necessary. Examples are given supporting these arguments. PMID- 6991459 TI - [The fate of our ENT journal after its new publication after WWII]. PMID- 6991461 TI - A combined behavioral approach with long term follow-up for the treatment of migraine. PMID- 6991460 TI - Njal's Saga: a 1000 year old record of premature ejaculation. PMID- 6991462 TI - Role of thermal and exercise factors in the mechanism of hypervolemia. AB - Our purpose was to determine whether the chronic increase in plasma volume (PV), resulting from heat exposure (HE) and exercise training (ET), was due only to elevated rectal temperature (Tre) or whether there were additional nonthermal factors related to the exercise. Eight men were divided into two groups. The HE group sat for 2 h/day (Tdb = 42 degrees C, 93% rh) for 8 consecutive days; Tre was raised by 1.72 +/- 0.04 degrees C to 38.5 degrees C each day. The ET group rode a bicycle ergometer for 2 h/day for 8 days (Tdb = 25 degrees C, 60% rh) at a load (60-65 Vo2max) that gave the same area under their Tre curve. PV increased by 177 ml (4.9%, P less than 0.05) in the HE group and by 427 ml (12.0%, P less than 0.05) in the ET group. This exercise-induced hypervolemia was associated with thermal factor(s) that contributed 40% and nonthermal factors that accounted for the remaining 60%. Some nonthermal, exercise-induced factors were twofold greater increases in plasma osmotic and vasopressin levels during exercise, and a fivefold increase in resting plasma protein (albumin) content. PMID- 6991464 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure shifts left ventricular diastolic pressure-area curves. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation is frequently associated with reduction in cardiac output despite unchanged transmural left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure. These findings have been interpreted to indicate decreased contractility, but could also be explained by altered LV diastolic pressure-volume characteristics. To study this possibility, radiopaque markers were inserted into a plane of the LV in nine dogs. Transmural pressure (LV pericardial) was synchronized with LV area during ventilation with zero end expiratory pressure and with 15 cmH2O PEEP. Mean polynomial curves derived from the diastolic pressure-area data demonstrated that PEEP shifted the curves upward so that a given diastolic area was associated with a higher transmural LV pressure (P less than 0.0001). PEEP decreased end-diastolic area and stroke area, both of which were normalized with dextran volume expansion. Restoration of stroke area by normalizing end-diastolic area with volume expansion suggests the initial changes with PEEP were due to a decrease in preload rather than in contractility. PMID- 6991463 TI - Exercise training-induced hypervolemia: role of plasma albumin, renin, and vasopressin. AB - To investigate the time course and mechanism of the increase in blood volume (BV) during isotonic exercise training, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma volume (PV), osmotic, electrolyte, renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (AVP), and protein fractions were measured periodically in eight trained men 20-22 yr (Vo2max = 57 ml . min-1 . kg-1) before, during, and after ergometer exercise training (approximately 160 W, 65% Vo2max) for 2 h/day for 8 days. During training, plasma total osmolar and albumin contents increased to maintain a constant plasma osmolality and protein concentration during PV expansion. After training, BV increased by 457 ml (+8.1% P less than 0.05), due to an increase in PV of 427 ml (+12.1%, P less than 0.05); red cell volume was essentially constant (delta = +30 ml, NS). Plasma hypervolemia during training was associated with two major factors: 1) a ninefold elevation in PRA and AVP during exercise that facilitated Na+ and H2O retention, and 2) a progressive, chronic increase in plasma albumin content that provided increased H2O-binding capacity for the blood. Thus an efficient procedure for increasing PV is the daily performance of high-intensity isotonic leg exercise (65% Vo2max) for 2 h/day. PMID- 6991465 TI - PS-5 inhibition of a beta-lactamase from Proteus vulgaris. AB - Inhibition of Proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase by a new beta-lactam antibiotic, PS 5 was studied kinetically. There were two stages of inhibition. In the early stage, PS-5 inhibited the beta-lactamase by formation of a Michaelis-complex, and showed a competitive inhibition pattern with Ki-value of 0.22 microM (substrate, cephaloridine). After the formation of a Michaelis-complex between PS-5 and the enzyme, PS-5 showed a characteristic progressive inhibition pattern with time. Maximum inactivation was obtained after several minutes of preincubation of the enzyme with PS-5; as hydrolysis of PS-5 progressed, the enzyme activity was gradually recovered. Reactivation by an excess of substrate (cephaloridine) was not substantially realized in the presence of PS-5. PS-5 was very slowly hydrolyzed by the enzyme, showing a triphasic pattern in its reaction curve. PMID- 6991466 TI - A novel method for evaluating the outer membrane permeability to beta-lactamase stable beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - A novel method is described which allows estimation of the outer membrane permeability to beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactams by determining antibiotic concentrations in the periplasm. The method is based on measurement of the inhibiting activity of beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactams on the hydrolysis of a substrate by periplasmic beta-lactamase. Application of the method to carbenicillin revealed that the high level of resistance to carbenicillin of an Escherichia coli strain acquiring the plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance resulted from the poor ability of carbenicillin to penetrate the outer membrane of E. coli. PMID- 6991467 TI - Assessment of sodium requirements of grazing beef cattle: a review. PMID- 6991468 TI - Current concepts of the pathogenetic mechanisms of non-sporing anaerobes: chemotherapeutic implications. PMID- 6991470 TI - Increased amphotericin B methyl ester activity in the presence of antioxidants. PMID- 6991469 TI - A comparative trial of co-trimoxazole and cephradine in patients with recurrent urinary infections. PMID- 6991472 TI - Positive effects of meditation: a limited generalization? PMID- 6991471 TI - The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin and rifampicin on bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and on binding to pharyngeal epithelial cells. PMID- 6991474 TI - Integrative compatibility: stable coexistence of chromosomally integrated and autonomous derivatives of plasmid RP4. AB - P group plasmid RP4 lambda att has a novel feature. Its incompatibility function is phenotypically switched off when it integrates into the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 6991473 TI - Lyticase: endoglucanase and protease activities that act together in yeast cell lysis. AB - Yeast lytic activity was purified from the culture supernatant of Oerskovia xanthineolytica grown on minimal medium with insoluble yeast glucan as the carbon source. The lytic activity was found to consist of two synergistic enzyme activities which copurified on carboxymethyl cellulose and Sephadex G-150, but were resolved on Bio-Gel P-150. The first component was a beta-1,3-glucanase with a molecular weight of 55,000. The K(m) for yeast glucan was 0.4 mg/ml; that for laminarin was 5.9 mg/ml. Hydrolysis of beta-1,3-glucans was endolytic, yielding a mixture of products ranging from glucose to oligomers of 10 or more. The size distribution of products was pH dependent, smaller oligomers predominating at the lower pH. The glucanase was unable to lyse yeast cells without 2-mercaptoethanol or the second lytic component, an alkaline protease. Neither of these agents had any effect on the glucanase activity on polysaccharide substrates. The protease had a molecular weight of 30,000 and hydrolyzed Azocoll and a variety of denatured proteins. The enzyme was unusual in that it had an affinity for Sephadex. Although the activity was insensitive to most protease inhibitors, it was affected by polysaccharides; yeast mannan was a potent inhibitor. The enzyme did not have any mannanase activity, however. Neither pronase nor trypsin could substitute for this protease in promoting yeast cell lysis. A partially purified fraction of the enzymes, easily obtained with a single purification step, had a high lytic specific activity and was superior to commercial preparations in regard to nuclease, protease, and chitinase contamination. Lyticase has been applied in spheroplast, membrane, and nucleic acid isolation, and has proved useful in yeast transformation procedures. PMID- 6991475 TI - Phaseolotoxin transport in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium via the oligopeptide permease. AB - Phaseolotoxin [(N delta-phosphosulfamyl)ornithylalanylhomoarginine], a phytotoxic tripeptide produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola that inhibits ornithine carbamoyltransferase, is transported into Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium via the oligopeptide transport system (Opp). Mutants defective in oligopeptide permease (Opp-) were resistant to phaseolotoxin. Spontaneous phaseolotoxin-resistant mutants (Toxr) lacked the Opp function as evidenced by their cross-resistance to triornithine and failure to utilize glycylhistidylglycine as a source of histidine. Growth inhibition by phaseolotoxin was prevented by peptides known to be transported via the Opp system and by treatment of the toxin with L-aminopeptidase. In both E. coli and S. typhimurium, Toxr mutations were cotransducible with trp, suggesting that the opp locus occupies similar positions in genetic maps of these bacteria. PMID- 6991476 TI - Physiological basis for meso-tartrate sensitivity in some strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - meso-Tartrate inhibited the growth of non-meso-tartrate-utilizing strains of Salmonella typhimurium in peptone water media and mineral salts media with some, but not all, carbon sources. C-R intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle or compounds readily converted to them and substrates metabolized independently of the C-6 part of the cycle spared bacteria from the inhibitory effects of meso tartrate when added to cultures along with meso-tartrate. Experiments with cell free extracts of non-meso-tartrate-utilizing strains from batch and continuous cultures showed that meso-tartrate was a competitive inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase activities and also inhibited citrate synthase and malate synthase activities. The synthesis of these enzymes was not inhibited by meso-tartrate. The isocitrate enzymes of meso-tartrate-utilizing strains of S. typhimurium were similarly inhibited by meso-tartrate, but inhibition of the growth of meso-tartrate-utilizing strains was demonstrable only in uninduced cultures in which the intracellular concentrations of meso-tartrate were high. PMID- 6991477 TI - Construction and characterization of Salmonella typhimurium strains that accumulate and excrete alpha- and beta-isopropylmalate. AB - Two Salmonella typhimurium strains, which could be used as sources for the leucine biosynthetic intermediates alpha- and beta-isopropylmalate were constructed by a series of P22-mediated transductions. One strain, JK527 [flr-19 leuA2010 Delta(leuD-ara)798 fol-162], accumulated and excreted alpha isopropylmalate, whereas the second strain, JK553 (flr-19 leuA2010 leuB698), accumulated and excreted alpha- and beta-isopropylmalate. The yield of alpha isopropylmalate isolated from the culture medium of JK527 was more than five times the amount obtained from a comparable volume of medium in which Neurospora crassa strain FLR(92)-1-216 (normally used as the source for alpha- and beta isopropylmalate) was grown. Not only was the yield greater, but S. typhimurium strains are much easier to handle and grow to saturation much faster than N. crassa strains. The combination of the two regulatory mutations flr-19, which results in constitutive expression of the leucine operon, and leuA2010, which renders the first leucine-specific biosynthetic enzyme insensitive to feedback inhibition by leucine, generated limitations in the production of valine and pantothenic acid. The efficient, irreversible, and unregulated conversion of alpha-ketoisovaleric acid into alpha-isopropylmalate (alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase K(m) for alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, 6 x 10(-5) M) severely restricted the amount of alpha-ketoisovaleric acid available for conversion into valine and pantothenic acid (ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase K(m) for alpha ketoisovaleric acid, 1.1 x 10(-3) M; transaminase B K(m) for alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, 2 x 10(-3) M). PMID- 6991479 TI - Effect of the uvrD mutation on excision repair. AB - A pair of related Escherichia coli K-12 strains, one of which contains the uvrD101 mutation, were constructed and compared for ability to perform various steps in the excision repair of deoxyribonucleic acid damage inflicted by ultraviolet radiation. The results of this study indicated: (i) ultraviolet sensitivity in the uvrD101 mutant was greater than that of wild type but less than that measured in an incision-deficient uvrA mutant; (ii) host cell reactivation paralleled the survival data; (iii) postirradiation deoxyribonucleic acid degradation was virtually identical in the two strains; (iv) incision, presumably at the sites of pyrimidine dimers, proceeded normally in the uvrD101 strain; (v) excision of pyrimidine dimers was markedly reduced in both rate and extent in the uvrD101 mutant; (vi) the amount of repair resynthesis was the same in both strains, and there was no evidence of abnormally long repair patches in the uvrD mutant; and (vii) rejoining of incision breaks was slow and incomplete in the uvrD strain. These data suggest that the ultraviolet sensitivity conferred by the uvrD mutation arises from inefficient removal of pyrimidine dimers or from failure to close incision breaks. The data are compatible with the notion that the uvrD+ gene produce affects the conformation of incised deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. PMID- 6991478 TI - Tumbling chemotaxis mutants of Escherichia coli: possible gene-dependent effect of methionine starvation. AB - Some mutants defective in chemotaxis show incessant tumbling behavior and are called tumbling mutants. Previously described tumbling mutations lie in two genes, cheB and cheZ (41.5 min on Escherichia coli map). Genetic analysis of various tumbling mutants, however, revealed that two more genetic loci, cheC (43 min) and cheE (99.2 min), could also mutate to produce tumbling mutants. The genetic map around cheC was revised: his flaP flaQ flaR flbD flaA (= cheC) flaE. flbD is a new gene. When cells were starved for methionine, the tumbling mutants changed their swimming behavior depending on the che gene mutated. cheZ mutants, like wild-type bacteria, ceased tumbling shortly after removal of methionine. The tumbling of cheB or cheE mutants was depressed after prolonged methionine starvation in the presence of a constant level of an attractant. cheC tumbling mutants appeared unique in that they did not cease tumbling even when cells were deprived of methionine. By contrast, arsenate treatment of the tumbling mutants resulted in smooth swimming of the cells in every case. These results suggest that two different processes are involved in regulation of tumbling; one requiring methionine and the other requiring some phosphorylated compound. PMID- 6991480 TI - Interactions of competent Streptococcus sanguis (Wicky) cells with native or denatured, homologous or heterologous deoxyribonucleic acids. AB - Competent cell-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions were examined using tritium-labeled homologous or heterologous native or denatured DNAs and competent Streptococcus sanguis Wicky cells (strain WE4). The DNAs used were extracted from WE4 cells, Escherichia coli B cells, and E. coli bacteriophages T2, T4, T6, and T7. The reactions examined were: (i) total DNA binding, (ii) deoxyribonuclease resistant DNA binding, and (iii) the production of acid-soluble products from the DNA. Optimal temperatures for the reactions were as follows: reaction (i), between 30 and 40 degrees C; reaction (ii), 30 degrees C; and reaction (iii), greater than 40 degrees C. The rates for the reactions (expressed as molecules of DNA that reacted per minute per colony-forming unit) did not vary greatly from one DNA source to another. With a constant competent cell concentration and differing DNA concentrations below a saturation level (from a given source), a different but constant fraction of the added DNA was cell bound, deoxyribonuclease resistant, and degraded to acid-soluble products. In experiments where the number of competent cells was varied and the DNA concentration was held constant, again essentially the same result was obtained. The extent of reactions (i), (ii), and (iii) depended upon the numbers as well as the source of DNA molecules applied to competent cells. Calcium ion essential for native DNA-cell reactions was also found essential for denatured DNA-cell reactions. Data obtained from competition experiments lead to the conclusion that competent WE4 cells contain specific sites for native as well as denatured DNAs. PMID- 6991481 TI - Stimulation of yeast ascospore germination and outgrowth by S-adenosylmethionine. AB - The supplementation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to germination medium stimulated the accumulation of [14C]uracil from the medium into germinating cells, as well as its incorporation into ribonucleic acid during germination and outgrowth of ascospores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to uracil, the accumulation of leucine, cytosine, serine, and methionine was also stimulated by the extracellular addition of this sulfonium compound. The SAM-stimulatory effect was dose dependent; half-maximal stimulation was observed at about 50 muM. The effect exerted by SAM supplementation appeared to be specific for SAM and for germination and outgrowth. In the absence of SAM biosynthesis (in the presence of cycloleucine), spores were inhibited in their ability to accumulate label, whereas the supplementation of SAM completely reversed the cycloleucine-induced inhibition of accumulation. In addition to accumulation and incorporation, the kinetics of bud formation during outgrowth were also stimulated by exogenous SAM. The stimulation of budding by SAM was amplified in an ethionine-resistant strain. These observations suggest that SAM may be essential for the initiation of cell division during the breaking of spore dormancy. PMID- 6991482 TI - Organization of genes in the ftsA-envA region of the Escherichia coli genetic map and identification of a new fts locus (ftsZ). AB - Complementation tests have revealed that the mutation in the filamenting mutant PAT84 is distinct from ftsA and has been designated ftsZ. By isolating transducing phages carrying various amounts of the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid in this region, it was possible to locate the ftsZ gene between ftsA and envA. It is concluded that these cell division genes are expressed independently of the neighboring murein genes. PMID- 6991483 TI - Disposition of exposed antigens on the faces of isolated Mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. AB - The transverse disposition of exposed protein antigens on the two faces of isolated Mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes have been investigated by using indirect immunoferritin labeling to accomplish visualization of the antigens at the ultrastructural level. Comparison between the labeling patterns obtained with unabsorbed specific mycoplasma antiserum and antiserum from which antibodies directed against outer side determinants had been removed revealed that the majority of protein antigens were the same on the opposed membrance faces or at least displayed extensive interside cross-reactivity. The relatively scarce tagging of isolated Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes, contrary to membranes on intact organisms observed in this investigation, precluded conclusions regarding the disposition of membrane antigens of this species. The advantages and limitations of the employed method in disposition studies and the factors influencing the transverse distribution of membrane proteins in mycoplasmas are discussed. PMID- 6991484 TI - Strain variation and morphogenesis of yeast- and mycelial-phase Candida albicans in low-sulfate, synthetic medium. AB - A low-sulfate synthetic medium was developed in which pure cultures of yeast- and mycelial-phase Candida albicans could be cultivated for investigations of the molecular biology of dimorphism. The medium contained ammonium ions, phosphate buffer, salts, glucose, and biotin. Morphogenesis was found to be dependent upon the strain of C. albicans. Of six strains tested in the low-sulfate medium at 37 degrees C, three formed mixed cultures of yeasts, true mycelium and pseudomycelium, two formed pure cultures of true mycelium, and one maintained yeast growth. All six strains produced pure cultures of yeasts at 24 degrees C. The buffering capacity of the medium maintained the pH at 6.9 even at high density cell growth. The low concentration of sulfate and the absence of amino acids in the medium provided conditions in which to radiolabel cellular constituents with [35S]sulfate. For molecular investigations, the use of two strains is suggested, one forming yeasts and one forming true mycelium in low sulfate medium at 37 degrees C, thus providing controls for both strain variation and for molecular changes induced by environmental change but unrelated to morphogenesis. PMID- 6991485 TI - Double mutations induced in Escherichia coli by ultraviolet light. AB - Double mutations to azide resistance and to bacteriophage T5 resistance of genes separated by more than 50 kilobases were induced in Escherichia coli WP2s in chemostat cultures by exposure to a single low dose of ultraviolet light. Frequencies of induced double mutations were three orders of magnitude greater than would be predicted by chance. Reversions from azide resistance and phage resistance occurred independently, showing that that the double mutation was not due to pleiotropic effects of a single gene mutation. These results support earlier findings which show that low doses of ultraviolet light induce multiple gene mutations in Bacillus subtilis over a similarly broad range. PMID- 6991486 TI - Processing of alkaline phosphatase precursor to the mature enzyme by an Escherichia coli inner membrane preparation. AB - An inner membrane preparation co-translationally cleaved both the alkaline phosphatase and bacteriophage f1 coat protein precursors to the mature proteins. Post-translational outer membrane proteolysis of pre-alkaline phosphatase generated a protein smaller than the authentic monomer. PMID- 6991487 TI - Interspecies hybrid tryptophan synthase-modified beta 2 protein formed from separate folding regions of the beta monomer. AB - Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens tryptophan synthase beta 2 protein (EC 4.2.1.20) was subjected to mild trypsin proteolysis. Two separate folding regions (domains) of the E. coli (EF1 and EF2) and the S. marcescens (SF1 and SF2) enzyme were shown to form interspecies hybrid reconstituted molecules [(EF1-SF2)2 and (SF1-EF2)2] and intraspecies reconstituted molecules [(EF1-EF2)2 and (SF1-SF2)2] with equal efficiency. The data suggest that structural regions, associated with beta monomer assembly, exist somewhere on the domain fragments and that these regions are conserved. PMID- 6991488 TI - Conditional-lethal deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A new deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I mutant of Escherichia coli was isolated among conditional lethal mutants. Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in the mutant ceased in 20 min after the temperature was raised to 43 degrees C, and reinitiated when cells were further incubated at this temperature. PMID- 6991489 TI - Biotin regulatory (bir) mutations of Escherichia coli. AB - Most mutants selected for derepression of the biotin operon required elevated concentrations of biotin for growth. Mutant extracts were deficient in holoenzyme synthetase activity. PMID- 6991490 TI - Alcohol-induced changes in the phospholipid molecular species of Escherichia coli. AB - In Escherichia coli, the additon of ethanol resulted in the synthesis of an increased proportion of phospholipids containing two unsaturated fatty acids. The addition of hexanol resulted in the opposite effect, an increase in the proportion of monounsaturated molecular species. The alcohol-induced changes were quantitatively similar to those caused by changing growth temperature. These results suggest that both adaptation to temperature and alcohol-induced changes in lipid composition share some common regulatory features. PMID- 6991491 TI - Regulation of ribonucleic acid polymerase synthesis during restriction of an Escherichia coli mutant temperature sensitive for transcription factor sigma. AB - An Escherichia coli mutant temperature sensitive for the sigma subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase was shifted to restrictive temperatures. In response to these restrictions the transcription of rpoBC increased markedly, and the synthesis rates of the beta and beta' subunits of ribonucleic acid polymerase increased. The ratio of the beta and beta' synthesis rates (beta/beta') decreased. PMID- 6991492 TI - Biosynthesis of phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids from phosphatidylinositol by a membrane preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Incubation of membranes prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with [32P]phosphatidyl[3H]inositol resulted in the transfer of both labels to two products which were characterized as two species of inositolphosphoceramide, differing in the ceramide portion of the molecule. The products were characterized on the basis of stability in mild alkali, mobility on silica gel impregnated paper, chromatography on silicic acid columns, and release of inositol phosphate upon base hydrolysis. The reaction did not require the addition of metals, nor was it inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The detergents Triton X-100 and Tween 20 provided little, if any, stimulation. At relatively high concentrations of phosphatidylinositol (1 to 4 mM), the in vitro rate was about 20% of the in vivo rate. Although ceramide was a logical substrate, the reaction could not be greatly stimulated by the addition of ceramides containing mono- and dihydroxy fatty acids. In addition, incubation of yeast membranes with [32P]phosphatidylinositol gave rise to a product that was chromatographically indistinguishable from the major yeast phosphosphingolipid, mannose-(inositol-P)2 ceramide. PMID- 6991493 TI - Regulatory mutations affecting ornithine decarboxylase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We isolated several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing mutations mapping at a single chromosomal gene (spe10); these strains are defective in the decarboxylation of L-ornithine to form putrescine and consequently do not synthesize spermidine and spermine. The growth of one of these mutants was completely eliminated in a polyamine-deficient medium; the growth rate was restored to normal if putrescine, spermidine, or spermine was added. spe10 is not linked to spe2 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) or spe3 (putrescine aminopropyltransferase [spermidine synthease]). spe 10 is probably a regulatory gene rather than the structural gene for ornithine decarboxylase, since we isolated two different mutations which bypassed spe10 mutants; these were spe4, an unliked recessive mutation, and spe40, a dominant mutation linked to spe10. Both spe4 and spe40 mutants exhibited a deficiency of spermidine aminopropyltransferase (spermine synthase), but not of putrescine aminopropyltransferase. This suggests that ornithine decarboxylase activity is negatively controlled by the presence of spermidine aminopropyltransferase. PMID- 6991494 TI - Asymmetrical division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The unequal division model proposed for budding yeast (L. H. Hartwell and M. W. Unger, J. Cell Biol. 75:422-435, 1977) was tested by bud scar analyses of steady state exponential batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing at 30 degrees C at 19 different rates, which were obtained by altering the carbon source. The analyses involved counting the number of bud scars, determining the presence or absence of buds on at least 1,000 cells, and independently measuring the doubling times (gamma) by cell number increase. A number of assumptions in the model were tested and found to be in good agreement with the model. Maximum likelihood estimates of daughter cycle time (D), parent cycle time (P), and the budded phase (B) were obtained, and we concluded that asymmetrical division occurred at all growth rates tested (gamma, 75 to 250 min). D, P, and B are all linearly related to gamma, and D, P, and gamma converge to equality (symmetrical division) at gamma = 65 min. Expressions for the genealogical age distribution for asymmetrically dividing yeast cells were derived. The fraction of daughter cells in steady-state populations is e-alpha P, and the fraction of parent cells of age n (where n is the number of buds that a cell has produced) is (e-alpha P)n 1(1-e-alpha P)2, where alpha = IN2/gamma; thus, the distribution changes with growth rate. The frequency of cells with different numbers of bud scars (i.e., different genealogical ages) was determined for all growth rates, and the observed distribution changed with the growth rate in the manner predicted. In this haploid strain new buds formed adjacent to the previous buds in a regular pattern, but at slower growth rates the pattern was more irregular. The median volume of the cells and the volume at start in the cell cycle both increased at faster growth rates. The implications of these findings for the control of the cell cycle are discussed. PMID- 6991496 TI - Novel mutations affecting a signaling component for chemotaxis of Escherichia coli. AB - The genetic relationship between tsr and cheD mutations, which affect chemotactic ability and map at approximately 99 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, was investigated. Mutants defective in tsr function typically exhibited wild-type swimming patterns, but were unable to carry out chemotactic responses to a number of attractant and repellent chemicals. In contrast, cheD mutants swam smoothly, with few spontaneous directional changes, and were generally nonchemotactic. In complementation tests, cheD mutations, unlike tsr, proved to be dominant to wild type, suggesting that the cheD defect might be due to an active inhibitor of chemotaxis. Mutations that inactivated the putative inhibitor were obtained by selecting for restoration of chemotactic ability or for loss of cheD dominance. The resultant double mutants were shown to carry the original cheD mutation and a second tightly linked mutation, some of which exhibited nonsense or temperature sensitive phenotypes, implying that they had occurred in a structural gene for a protein. All such double mutants behaved like typical tsr mutants in all other respects, including complementation pattern, swimming behavior, and chemotactic ability. These findings implied that either overproduction of tsr product or synthesis of an aberrant tsr product was responsible for the chemotaxis defect of cheD strains. Such mutants should be useful in analyzing the role of the tsr product in chemotactic responses. PMID- 6991495 TI - Membrane deenergization by colicin K affects fluorescence of exogenously added but not biosynthetically esterified parinaric acid probes in Escherichia coli. AB - Fluorescence of the conjugated polyene fatty acid, parinaric acid (PnA), was studied in membranes of Escherichia coli during deenergization by colicin K. The free fatty acid and biosynthetically esterified forms of cis-PnA (9,11,13,15 cis,trans,trans,cis-octadecatetraenoic acid), both of which are sensitive to E. coli lipid-phase transitions, were compared. When free cis-PnA was added exogenously to respiring bacteria, dissipation of the energized state of the membrane resulted in a dramatic increase in cis-PnA fluorescence; all-trans-PnA was much less sensitive. Neither spectral shifts nor a change in cis-PnA fluorescence polarization were observed. Analysis of the PnA content of extracellular fractions of deenergized and control cells revealed a difference in probe distribution: the membranes of energy-poisoned E. coli bound about 77% of exogenously added cis-PnA, whereas membranes of actively respiring controls bound only about 44%. No fluorescence enhancement was observed in cells centrifuged to remove unbound cis-PnA before colicin treatment. When cis-PnA was biosynthetically esterified to phospholipids of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of E. coli, the fluorescence did not change during membrane deenergization. In double-probe experiments, membrane deenergization resulted in fluorescence enhancement of exogenously added N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, without change in esterified PnA fluorescence. We conclude that deenergization of E. coli membranes leads to increased binding and fluorescence of exogenously added PnA and cannot be detected from within the inner and outer membranes by PnA esterified in vivo. PMID- 6991497 TI - Hormone-receptor studies with avidin and biotinylinsulin-avidin complexes. AB - Avidin can be labeled to high specific radioactivity by introducing 3-(p hydroxyphenyl)-propionyl groups into the molecule (pHPP-avidin). 125I-pHPP-avidin binds avidly to rat liver plasma membranes and is not displaced by unlabeled pHPP avidin. Nonspecific binding of 125I-pHPP-avidin can be substantially reduced by succinoylation of pHPP-avidin with succinic anhydride (SpHPP-avidin). Spectral changes ensuing when the dye 4-hydroxyazobenzene-2'-carboxylic acid binds to avidin cannot be used to assess the binding characteristics of the modified avidins since the absorption coefficients of the complexes are markedly different; however, the modified molecules bind theoretical amounts of [14C]biotin. Biotinylinsulin and biotinylinsulinSpHPP-avidin complexes compete with 125I-insulin for binding to receptor sites on rat liver plasma membranes. Biotinylinsulin complexes with unmodified avidin display anomalous binding behavior attributable to formation of membrane aggregates. In light of this finding, results obtained using unmodified avidin must be interpreted with caution. Biotinylinsulin125I-SpHPP-avidin binds specifically and saturably to rat liver plasma membranes. The biotinylhormoneSpHPP-avidin technique has potential for labeling peptide hormones and other compounds that cannot be iodinated by conventional procedures. PMID- 6991498 TI - S-Adenosylmethionine and its analogs. Structural features correlated with synthesis and methylation of mRNAs of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. PMID- 6991499 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that make mannoproteins with a truncated carbohydrate outer chain. PMID- 6991500 TI - Diastematomyelia and structural spinal deformities. AB - Sixty patients with diastematomyelia were seen over a thirty-year period and congenital scoliosis was found in 60 per cent. All of the patients had associated vertebral abnormalities and most (87 per cent) had a neural deficit. Myelography was helpful in the diagnosis, particularly prior to any procedure that might cause traction on the spinal cord. Laminectomy for removal of the spur was indicated when neural deficits were progressive or before corrective surgery on the spine, and in ten patients the operation alleviated neural sequelae. Observation of patients with diastematomyelia who have no neural deficit or a stable, non-progressing deficit is recommended. PMID- 6991501 TI - Disorders of the spine in diastrophic dwarfism. AB - In this series of nine patients with diastrophic dwarfism, multiple problems with the spine were noted. Scoliosis was present in all patients and usually became rapidly progressive in the preadolescent years. The scoliosis had a strong tendency to become severe and rigid, with a large rotatory component. Early brace treatment appeared to have merit. Cervical kyphosis was noted in four patients; it resolved in three patients, but progressed in one to a 130-degree deformity, quadriplegia, and death. All patients in this series had spina bifida occulta in the cervical spine. Six of the nine patients demonstrated a narrowed interpedicular distance below the third lumbar vertebra, but none had spinal stenosis. PMID- 6991502 TI - Morphological, immunochemical, and biochemical study of rabbit achilles tendon at various ages. AB - With aging, rabbit tendon tissue undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes which involve both the cells and the extrace-lular matrix. The extracellular matrix increases in volume, causing a relative decrease of the number of cells per unit of tissue surface. The tenoblasts become longer and more slender, while their cytoplasmic processes increase in number and become thinner and more elongated, forming a dense network. In addition, tendon cells show a marked decrease in the intracytoplasmic organelles responsible for protein synthesis, while their intracellular content of contractile proteins does not change. With aging collagen fibers increase in diameter and vary more in thickness. These morphological changes correspond to biochemical changes that include an increase in collagen, a decrease in mucopolysaccharides, and a decrease in water content. During aging parallel changes occur in the elastic fibers, which decrease in number and show structural alterations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of tendon diseases need a normal comparison. Out ultrastructural and biochemical findings in aging tendon may be useful in that regard. The presence of actin and myosin in tendon cells could be related to some aspects of tendon physiology and pathology. PMID- 6991503 TI - Escherichia coli infections in knee joints. The pharmacological and antibacterial effects of intramuscular antibiotics. AB - Using a standardized strain of Escherichia coli 06 and a rabbit knee-joint model, we determined the following values: (1) the effective concentrations of amikacin and carbenicillin in vitro against Escherichia coli 06 when used singly or in combination; (2) the levels of each of these antibiotics in serum and synovial fluid after an intramuscular injection; (3) the effectiveness of amikacin in preventing intra-articular infection when it is administered thirty minutes before and six hours after an intra-articular inoculation of the same strain of Escherichia coli; and (4) the synergistic effects of amikacin and carbenicillin in combination both in vitro and in vivo when used together as a single dose six hours after intra-articular bacterial inoculation. Amikacin was much more effective when administered before joint inoculation and the minimum effective (inhibitory) concentrations of amikacin in vitro and in vivo were approximately the same. A synergistic effect of amikacin and carbenicillin in combination was more clearly evident in vitro than in vivo. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro tests such as determinations of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration, and the serum bactericidal test, can provide valuable guides for the determination of minimum goals for antibiotic therapy. These in vitro tests were related to concentrations of antibiotics in tissue assessed by in vivo bacterial challenge tests and were found to be predictive of efficacy in vivo. PMID- 6991504 TI - Ender nailing of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - Condylocephalic intramedullary Ender nailing of fractures of the proximal end of the femur offers four advantages. The operation is short and is minimally traumatic, with little blood loss. The patient returns to functional ambulatory status within a few days. Infection of the fracture site and at the nail portals is a negligible risk, and the risk of delayed union and non-union is greatly reduced. The method has also introduced a group of new complications such as irritation at the knee, decreased range of knee motion, and distal and proximal migration and penetration of the nails, yet these problems did not cause failures of the method. Osteoporosis was found to be a significant factor contributing to complications. External rotation deformity has not been a major problem in the present study and was improved by use of nails that had an anteversion bend. Delayed union was observed in only one patient with an intertrochanteric fracture which eventually healed. All subtrochanteric fractures healed within three months, which represents a favorable result in comparison with other methods. PMID- 6991505 TI - Hudson Jennings Wilson, M.D. 1921-1979. PMID- 6991507 TI - A morphological study of plasma and phagosome membranes during endocytosis in Acanthamoeba. AB - Particle ingestion by Acanthamoeba is rapid. Within 40 s bound particles can be surrounded by pseudopods, brought into the cytoplasm, and released as phagosomes into the cytoplasmic stream. In electron micrographs the phagosome appears as a flasklike invagination of the surface. Separation from the surface occurs by fragmentation of the attenuated "neck+ of the invagination. The separated phagosome membrane has a three- to fourfold greater density of intramembrane particles than the plasma membrane from which it derives. This change is evident within 15 min of ingestion and is detectable while the membrane is still tightly apposed to the particle. There is no direct evidence for the mechanism of this increase; no increase in particle density was seen in the membrane at an early stage in the forming phagosomes still connected to the surface. These morphological observations are consistent with chemical analyses, to be reported in a separate communication, that show that the phagosome membrane has a higher protein to phospholipid ratio and a higher glycosphingolipid content than the plasma membrane. Enlarged phagosomes (presumptive phagolysosomes) show multiple small vesiculations of characteristic morphology. The small vesicles are postulated to be the major route of membrane return to the cell surface. PMID- 6991506 TI - Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in macrophages during spreading and phagocytosis. AB - Actin-binding protein (ABP) and myosin are proteins that influence the rigidity and movement, respectively, of actin filaments in vitro. We examined the distribution of ABP and myosin molecules in acetone-fixed rabbit lung macrophages by means of immunofluorescence. The staining for both of these proteins in unspread cells was quite uniform, but was reduced in the nucleus and concentrated slightly in the periphery. The peripheral accumulation of staining attenuated in uniformly spread cells, although filopodia and hyaline veils definitely stained. In cells fixed during ingestion of yeast particles, the brightest staining correlated with the disposition of organelle-excluding pseudopodia initially surrounding the yeast. After phagocytosis was complete and the yeasts resided in intracellular vacuoles, no concentration of staining around the ingested yeasts was detectable. We conclude that ABP and myosin molecules are components of the structural unit of the cell responsible for spreading and phagocytosis, the hyaline cortex, a region known to be rich in actin filaments. The findings are consistent with the theory that these molecules control the rigidity and movement of filaments in the periphery of the living macrophage. PMID- 6991508 TI - Anchorage independent growth and plasminogen activator production by bovine endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial cells obtained from the aortae of 1- to 2-d-old calves were cloned at high efficiency using fibrin-coated dishes. Primary cultures as well as clones derived from them produced high fibrinolytic activity when grown on 125I-fibrin coated dishes which was 90% dependent upon the presence of plasminogen. High plasminogen-dependent proteolytic activity was also demonstrated in endothelial cell lysates and in the culture medium of the cells. The production and secretion of the plasminogen activator(s) were found to increase during the log phase of cell growth and to reach a maximum level at confluence. These endothelial cells exhibited morphological phenotypes comparable to those of transformed cells when grown in the presence of acid-treated fetal calf, dog, or human serum. Furthermore, they demonstrated anchorage independent growth, and large colonies were formed in semisolid media. Spontaneous neoplastic transformation of these cells was excluded by karyotypic analysis, lack of tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice, and limited lifespan in culture. Cell clones isolated from colonies grown in agarose demonstrated the same growth characteristics and proteolytic activity as before plating in agarose. High fibrinolytic activity, morphological changes in the appropriate serum, and growth in semisolid media may therefore be indicative of the migratory and/or invasive capacity of both nontransformed endothelial cells as well as tumor cells. PMID- 6991509 TI - Lymphocyte alpha-actinin. Relationship to cell membrane and co-capping with surface receptors. AB - Mouse spleen lymphocytes synthesize a protein which comigrates with skeletal muscle alpha-actinin on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and is immunoprecipitated by an antibody directed against skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. Mouse lymphocyte alpha-actinin is present in membrane fractions, and is immunoprecipitated from lymphocyte detergent lysates by an antiserum made against these purified membranes. The anti-alpha-actinin activity of this antiserum is not adsorbed after incubation with fixed intact lymphocytes. Lymphocyte alpha actinin does not bind concanavalin A and it is inaccessible to lactoperoxidase catalyzed surface iodination. Double immunofluorescence shows that alpha-actinin moves concurrently along the cell membrane with redistributed surface immunoglobulins and Thy-1 antigen, and remains associated up to 30 min with surface aggregates of these receptors. Our results suggest that lymphocyte alpha actinin, as defined by molecular weight and cross reactivity with the antibody against the muscle protein, (a) is associated with the cell membrane, (b) is not expressed at the cell surface, and (c) participates in the movement of surface receptors. PMID- 6991510 TI - Morphometric analysis of Leydig cells in the normal rat testis. AB - Leydig cells are thought to be the source of most, if not all, the testosterone produced by the testis. The goal of this study was to obtain quantitative information about rat Leydig cells and their organelles that might be correlated with pertinent physiological and biochemical data available either now or in the future. Morphometric analysis of Leydig cells in mature normal rats was carried out on tissue fixed by perfusion with buffered glutaraldehyde, and embedded in glycol methacrylate for light microscopy and in Epon for electron microscopy. In a whole testis, 82.4% of the volume was occupied by seminiferous tubules, 15.7% by the interstitial tissue, and 1.9% by the capsule. Leydig cells constituted 2.7% of testicular volume. Each cubic centimeter (contained approximatelyy 1 g) of rat testis contained about 22 million Leydig cells. An average Leydig cell had a volume of 1,210 micron3 and its plasma membrane had a surface area of 1,520 micron2. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), the most prominent organelle in Leydig cells and a major site of steroidogenic enzymes, had a surface area of approximately 10,500 micron2/cell, which is 6.9 times that of the plasma membrane and is 60% of the total membrane area of the cell. The total surface area of Leydig SER per cubic centimeter of testis tissue is approximately 2,300 cm2 or 0.23 m2. There were 3.0 mg of Leydig mitochondria in 1 g of testis tissue. The average Leydig cell contained approximately 622 mitochondria, measuring on the average 0.35 micron in diameter and 2.40 micron in length. The mitochondrial inner membrane (including cristae), another important site of steroidogenic enzymes, had a surface area of 2,920 micron2/cell, which is 1.9 times that of the plasma membrane. There were 644 cm2 of inner mitochondrial membrane/cm3 of testis tissue. These morphometric results can be correlated with published data on the rate of testosterone secretion to show that an average Leydig cell secretes approximately 0.44 pg of testosterone/d or 10,600 molecules of testosterone/s. The rate of testosterone production by each square centimeter of SER is 4.2 ng/d or 101 million molecules/s: the corresponding rate for each square centimeter of mitochondrial inner membrane is 15 ng testosterone/d or 362 million molecules/s. PMID- 6991512 TI - Primary induction of vitellogenin synthesis in monolayer cultures of amphibian hepatocytes. AB - Direct induction of vitellogenin production in cultured male amphibian hepatocytes by estradiol-17 beta has been accomplished. Liver cells were isolated from adult male bullfrogs by collagenase perfusion and maintained as monolayers in serum-free medium containing insulin and estradiol. Vitellogenin production was measured by direct immunoprecipitation from radioactively labeled secreted protein with a specific antiserum against vitellogenin. Significant quantities of vitellogenin were detected in the exported protein on the second day of hormone treatment. Vitellogenin production increased with duration of culture in the presence of estradiol until by the eighth day approximately 90% of secreted protein was vitellogenin. This response is largely comparable to that obtainable in vivo. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to identify cells synthesizing vitellogenin in response to estradiol. An increase in cytoplasmic fluorescence could be seen in cells throughout the cultures, with increasing time in the presence of estradiol. By the sixth day of treatment, the majority of cells showed significant fluorescence labeling. The results suggest that studies on the mechanisms underlying the primary activation of the vitellogenin gene may now be conducted under well defined conditions in a monolayer liver cell culture system. PMID- 6991513 TI - [Segmental colonic lipomatosis. A case of isolated caecocolonic lipomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of isolated segmental caecocolonic lipomatosis complicated by infarts. The diagnosis was made from the urgent symptoms and treatment was by simple right colectomy and immediate reconstitution of continuity. PMID- 6991511 TI - On the entry of Semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells. AB - The pathway by which semliki forest virus (SFV), a membrane-containing animal virus, enters BHK-21 cells was studied morphologically and biochemically. After attaching to the cell surface, the majority of viruses was rapidly trapped into coated pits, internalized by endocytosis in coated vesicles, and sequestered into intracellular vacuoles and lysosomes. Direct penetration of viruses through the plasma membrane was never observed. To assess the possible involvement of lysosomes in the release of the genome into the cytoplasm, the effect of five lysosomotropic agents, known to increase the lysosomal pH, was tested. All of these agents inhibited SFV infectivity and one, chloroquine (the agent studied in most detail), inhibited a very early step in the infection but had no effect on binding, endocytosis, or intracellular distribution of SFV. Thus, the inhibitory effect was concluded to be either on penetration of the nucelocapsid into the cytoplasm or on uncoating of the viral RNA. Possible mechanisms for the penetration of the genome into the cytoplasm were studied in vitro, using phospholipids-cholesterol liposomes and isolated SFV. When the pH was 6.0 or lower, efficient fusion of the viral membranes and the liposomal membranes occurred, resulting in the transfer of the nucleocapsid into the liposomes. Infection of cells could also be induced by brief low pH treatment of cells with bound SFV under conditions where the normal infection route was blocked. The results suggest that the penetration of the viral genome into the cytosol takes place intracellularly through fusion between the limiting membrane of intracellular vacuoles and the membrane of viruses contained within them. The low pH required for fusion together with the inhibitory effect of lysosomotropic agents implicate lysosomes, or other intracellular vacuoles with sufficiently low pH, as the main sites of penetration. PMID- 6991514 TI - Determination of captopril in biological fluids by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - The quantitation of captopril in biological fluids by gas-liquid chromatography using a flame photometric detector is described. Captopril was converted into an adduct with N-ethylmaleimide and then into the hexafluoroisopropyl ester. The latter derivative was separated on a 2% OV-210 column and determined by employing the captopril-N-hexylmaleimide adduct as an internal standard. The blood level and urinary excretion of captopril administered intravenously to dogs were measured by the proposed method. PMID- 6991515 TI - Rapid chromatographic purification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in human submaxillary gland. AB - Pure dipeptidyl peptidase IV (X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase), which did not contain aminopeptidase activity at all, was rapidly prepared from the human submaxillary gland by chromatography with concanavalin A-Sepharose and Gly-Pro-NH (CH2)6-NH-Sepharose. The entire purification took only 3 days. Aminopeptidase, which was very difficult to separate from dipeptidyl peptidase IV by various chromatographic procedures, could be completely removed by chromatography with Gly-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH-Sepharose. On SDS gel electrophoresis the purified enzyme gave a single band with a molecular weight of 116,000. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 225,000 by gel filtration. Therefore, the enzyme consists of two identical subunits. It did not hydrolyze Ala p nitroanilide at all, but the hydrolysis of the p-nitroanilides of Gyl-Pro, Lys Pro and Arg-Pro at pH 8.0 was nearly specific. PMID- 6991516 TI - Continuous automatic nitrogen determination for gel chromatography of protein enzymatic hydrolysates. PMID- 6991517 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: possible cause of primary hyperaldosteronism in a 60 year-old woman. AB - Hypertension and hypokalemia were found in a 60-yr-old woman suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory investigations in this patient disclosed 1) elevated levels of plasma aldosterone (PA) which could not be suppressed by a high sodium diet alone or in combination with fludrocortisone (Florinef); 2) a decline of the elevated PA levels after 4 h of ambulation; and 3) low PRA which was unresponsive to stimulation by a low sodium diet coupled with diuretic induced volume depletion and 4 h of ambulation. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Extirpation of a parathyroid adenoma reduced the patient's serum calcium level to normal, and subsequently, a normalization of her blood pressure, serum electrolytes, PA, and PRA were observed. On the basis of these data is is suggested that in this case hyperaldosteronism may have been caused directly or indirectly by primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6991518 TI - Melatonin does not suppress the pituitary luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in men. AB - The effect of an iv melatonin infusion on the pituitary LH response to LHRH was studied in five young men. Melatonin (30 micrograms/min; total dose, 7.2 mg) was infused for a 4-h period, 2 h before and 2 h after a LRH stimulation (single iv 150-microgram dose). Each subject's control response to LRH was obtained previously. During the melatonin infusion, supraphysiological concentrations of melatonin (20 times) were documented using a specific RIA. All five subjects had a LH rise after LRH stimulation, and this response was not affected by the melatonin infusion. These results indicate that an acute constant infusion of a pharmacological amount of melatonin does not suppress LRH-induced LH release from the pituitary in men. In addition, no change in sleepiness and behavior was found. PMID- 6991519 TI - Insulin binding to erythrocytes: a negative correlation with red cell age. PMID- 6991520 TI - Effect of cyproheptadine and atropine on the diurnal prolactin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal men. AB - There is a diurnal variation in the PRL response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal men, with a substantially larger response in the evening. This study investigated the possible serotonergic and cholinergic influences on these diurnal PRL responses. Morning and evening PRL responses to hypoglycemia were compared in the same five normal young men without drug pretreatment, after cyprohepatadine, and after atropine sulfate. Cyproheptadine had no effect on the basal PRL concentration or the PRL response to hypoglycemia in either the morning or evening. Atropine had no effect on basal PRL concentrations in the morning or evening or on the morning PRL response to hypoglycemia. However, the evening PRL response was significantly inhibited by atropine (P less than 0.02), with an abolition of the normal diurnal difference in response (P less than 0.001) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. These data suggest the involvement of a cholinergic mechanism in regulation of diurnal PRL responses to hypoglycemia. PMID- 6991521 TI - Sodium salicylate potentiates neurohumoral responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 6991522 TI - Comparison of selective broth and plating methods for isolation of Streptococcus mutans from root surface dental plaques. AB - Approximately 150 sound root surfaces in 44 subjects prone to root surface caries were sampled longitudinally to determine the microbial flora associated with root caries initiation. During the first 16 months of the study, a comparison of Streptococcus mutans recovery was made by using three bacteriological media: mitis-salivarius agar (MSA), mitis-salivarius-bacitracin-sucrose agar (MSB), and a partially selective mannitol-containing broth. Total streptococcal and S. mutans populations were found to be much lower than in previous reports. MSB was more selective; S. mutans was detected in many samples when its numbers were too low for isolation on MSA. However, recovery of S. mutans was greater on MSA than on MSB for most samples yielding colonies on both media. Mannitol-containing broth used as an enrichment medium yielded the highest frequency of S. mutans isolation among the three media. PMID- 6991523 TI - Rapid semiautomated screening and processing of urine specimens. AB - A rapid urine culture procedure was evaluated in which positive urines were detected by using light-scatter photometry (Autobac). Specimens were analyzed at 3, 5, and 6 h. Specimens detected as positive at 3 h were then further evaluated by a direct 3-h susceptibility procedure (Autobac) and by a 4-h identification procedure (Micro-ID). Of 949 specimens, 175 had >10(5) colony-forming units per ml by colony count. Of these latter specimens, 75.4% had been detected by 3 h, and 95.4% were detected by 6 h. Of specimens positive by Autobac at 3 h, 96% (95.7%) had >10(5) colony-forming units per ml. If pure by Gram stain, those positive specimens were inoculated to direct susceptibility and identification systems. When direct Autobac susceptibilities were compared with the standard Autobac method done from the plate the following day, discrepancy rates were 1.3% very major, 2.1% major, and 7.4% total. The direct identifications were 94% (94.2%) correct when using the Micro-ID manual and a collection of octal patterns unique to this system, in which urine/broth culture inoculum was employed instead of the usual organism colony suspension. Those urine specimens negative after screening at 3 h were evaluated at 5 and 6 h, and an additional 126 specimens were detected as positive. These were then processed by routine plate inoculation, due to the limitations of the work day. By 6 h, 95.4% of specimens with >10(5) colony-forming units per ml were detected. The 4.6% false-negative results consisted of patients on antibiotics, or slowly growing bacteria suspected of being distal urethral contaminants. Thus, 83.5% of the urine cultures received by 9:00 a.m. (10.6% 3-h positives and 72.9% negative at 6 h) could be evaluated and reported within one 8-h work day. PMID- 6991524 TI - Comparison of slide coagglutination test and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for detection of group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid from infants with meningitis. AB - The usefulness of Phadebact streptococcus reagents for the detection of group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 54 infants with meningitis and in 22 normal infants. Antigens was detected by slide coagglutination in 19 (82.6%) and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in 20 (87.0%) of 23 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from infants with group B streptococcal meningitis at admission. After initiation of antimicrobial therapy, antigen could be detected in 11 of 19 (by slide coagglutination) and 7 of 18 (by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis) cerebrospinal fluids. False-positive reactions were noted by slide coagglutination in one infant with S. bovis meningitis and one with group B streptococcal bacteremia without meningitis; none occurred with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. The commercial availiability, simplicity, sensitivity (82.6%), and specificity (96.4%) of the Phadebact slide coaggluatination test for detecting group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid suggest that it may be useful for the early and rapid diagnosis of group B streptococcal meningitis. PMID- 6991525 TI - Rapid, reproducible enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin. AB - An enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin utilizing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was compared to the radioimmunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin was accurate, specific, and easily performed. It offers an ulternative method to assay aminoglycosides and could be used in institutions using enzyme immunoassay to assay other drugs. PMID- 6991526 TI - Biochemical and cultural characteristics of invasive Escherichia coli. AB - The biochemical characteristics of 97 invasive Escherichia coli strains of different O serogroups were studied. Considered as a group, the behavior of the strains was quite variable. However, none of them decarboxylated lysine and all but seven strains, belonging to the O124 serogroup, were nonmotile. The growth of 25 strains obtained on MacConkey, salmonella-shigella, xylose-lysine desoxycholate, and Hektoen enteric agars was compared. MacConkey and Hektoen enteric agars yielded the highest average growth for these strains, whereas salmonella-shigella agar had the lowest average counts. PMID- 6991527 TI - Rapid presumptive identification of vibrios by immobilization in distilled water. AB - Each of 28 Vibrio strains and 3 Campylobacter strains was immobilized in distilled water (pH 6.9), but retained full motility in Trypticase soy broth. This phenomenon was not seen with any of 243 non-Vibrio, non-Campylobacter isolates representing 44 taxa of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6991529 TI - Sinusitis: an improved regime of investigation for the clinical laboratory. AB - Clinical material from 200 patients suffering from acute sinusitis was examined cytologically and bacteriologically. Seventy per cent of specimens were collected by aspiration of the middle meatus, 20% by antral wash, and 10% by direct swabbing of the antra. A comparison of the results from these differing techniques is made. The bacteriological methods used and the isolates and their significance are discussed, and suggestions are offered for improving the routine demonstration of presumptive pathogens in this disease. PMID- 6991530 TI - Prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - An imprint culture technique has been employed to study the prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans in 16 patients with Sjogren's syndrome and in 16 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and dental status. The prevalence and intraoral density of C. albicans was found to be significantly higher at almost all sites in the Sjogren's patients than in the controls. The distribution of candida was also altered, being significantly higher in the floor of the mouth and anterior labial sulcus in the Sjogren's group. There was an approximate inverse relationship between candida populations and rate of salivary flow. Mean candida densities were found to be significantly higher in those Sjogren's patients with detectable serum rheumatoid factor in the serum. However, patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome had significantly higher mean candida densities compared with patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6991531 TI - Evaluation of rapid methods of identifying group B streptococci. AB - Rapid methods of identifying Lancefield group B streptococci were compared to the standard Fuller's extraction method. Such tests as sodium hippurate hydrolysis, bile tolerance, aesculin hydrolysis, pyruvate fermentation, Camp factor, pigmentation, and bacitracin haemolysis were tested on both routine clinical specimens and National Collection of Type Culture strains. The results show that pigmentation on Islams's medium was the most definitive test available rapidly to identify group B streptococci. PMID- 6991532 TI - Efficacy and side effects of flurazepam and a combination of amobarbital and secobarbital in insomniac patients. AB - Flurazepam, 30 mg, was not more effective in inducing sleep than placebo. Barbiturates (100 mg amobarbital plus 100 mg secobarbital) were more effective in inducing and maintaining sleep than flurazepam or placebo. Contrary to work conducted in the sleep laboratory, the barbiturate hypnotics were still effective on the 14th night. Insomniacs performed poorly on psychomotor tests, but as a group they did not show statistically significant psychomotor impairment after the use of the hypnotics. PMID- 6991533 TI - Controlled clinical trial with trazodone, a novel antidepressant. A South American experience. PMID- 6991534 TI - Headache as a model for assessing mild analgesic drugs. AB - A method for the evaluation of the efficacy of mild analgesic drugs in outpatients with nonmigrainous headache is described. During the 3-hour drug evaluation period, patients were required to record at hourly intervals their pain intensity using both a verbal rating and a visual analog scale, their pain relief, and the occurrance of side effects. The results obtained in six studies consisted of comparisons of reference compounds aspirin (1000 mg) and two analgesic combinations (containing aminophenazone, caffeine, and butalbital); test medications aspirin (500 mg), codeine (30 mg), proquazone (300 mg), and new formulations of the two analgesic combinations (aminophenazone replaced by propyphenazone); and, in every study, placebo. In a seventh study, the analgesic effects of three doses aspirin (250, 500, and 1000 mg) were compared with that of placebo. Every study was conducted under double-blind, complete crossover conditions, and between 24 and 36 patients were used in each study. Using parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses, the reference compounds and the majority of the test medications exhibited significant analgesic properties. Also, a highly significant dose--response effect was demonstrated for aspirin. It is concluded that the headache model is a practicable, reliable, and sensisive method for the evaluation of the effectiveness of mild analgesic drugs. PMID- 6991528 TI - The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital-tract and associated diseases. PMID- 6991535 TI - Pirprofen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparison study. AB - A six-month, double-blind study was conducted to compare pirprofen (Rengasil), 800 mg per day, to aspirin, 3.6 Gm per day, in patients with active, definite, or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Data from 33 patients, 17 in the pirprofen group and 16 in the aspirin group, were analyzed for efficacy while data from 37 patients were analyzed for safety. In the pirprofen group, four of seven variables analyzed were significantly improved over baseline at the terminal visit; no statistically significant improvement was seen at the terminal visit in the aspirin group, although statistically significant improvement was achieved at a number of interim visits. Between-treatment comparisons indicated that pirprofen was statistically superior to aspirin with respect to the number of swollen joints at the terminal visit and average grip strength after six weeks of treatment. There were no serious signs of toxicity in either treatment group. PMID- 6991536 TI - An analgesic relative potency assay comparing zomepirac sodium and aspirin. PMID- 6991537 TI - Proceedings of the symposium: Zomepirac: a New Non-narcotic Analgesic, held in Atlanta, Georgia on October 12 and 13, 1979. PMID- 6991538 TI - Analgesic development: a brief history and perspective. PMID- 6991539 TI - Efficacy of zomepirac in oral surgical pain. PMID- 6991540 TI - Comparison of zomepirac, APC with codeine, codeine and placebo in the treatment of moderate and severe postoperative pain. PMID- 6991542 TI - Oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine in postoperative pain. PMID- 6991541 TI - Relative analgesic potency of oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine in cancer patients with postoperative pain. AB - A twin crossover assay of oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine was completed in 159 cancer patients with postoperative pain. Zomepirac was a surprisingly effective oral analgesic in these patients, 100 mg orally being roughly equivalent to 16 mg intramuscular morphine. Time-effect data indicate that the peak effect for oral zomepirac may occur slightly later than that for morphine but that zomepirac is relatively rapidly effective after oral administration. Side effect occurrence was roughly in the same range for both drugs, with drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth, and feelings of weakness being observed after both drugs while sweating was observed more frequently after zomepirac. The assay further provided a demonstration of the effectiveness of the twin crossover design as a clinical assay method, providing increased sensitivity of crossover data in a patient population available for only a limited number of study treatments. PMID- 6991545 TI - Clinical evaluation of zomepirac and APC with codeine in the treatment of postpartum episiotomy pain. PMID- 6991544 TI - Clinical comparison of zomepirac with APC/codeine combination in the treatment of pain following oral surgery. PMID- 6991543 TI - Double-blind comparisons of zomepirac and oxycodone with APC in cancer pain. PMID- 6991546 TI - Clinical evaluation of zomepirac in the treatment of acute orthopedic pain. PMID- 6991547 TI - Clinical comparison of zomepirac with pentazocine in the treatment of postoperative pain. PMID- 6991548 TI - Zomepirac in the symptomatic treatment of muscle contraction headache. PMID- 6991549 TI - A controlled repeat-dose comparison of zomepirac and clometacin in pain after plastic surgery. PMID- 6991550 TI - Blood pressure response to a single daily dose of a clonidine-chlorthalidone combination. AB - A single evening dose of a clonidine-chlorthalidone combination (Combipres) was compared with the usual twice-daily schedule in 11 patients with essential hypertension. No significant difference was found between the blood pressures recorded on the two regimens or between morning and afternoon pressures on the once-daily schedule. Only one patient did not maintain adequate blood pressure control. We suggest that some patients with essential hypertension can be adequately treated with a single daily dose of a combination of clonidine and chlorthalidone. PMID- 6991551 TI - Dimensions of therapeutic behavior. AB - This study was designed to identify and structure the most significant behaviors of clinicians and clients engaged in speech and language therapy. A total of 428 clinical supervisors in 114 university training programs evaluated the therapeutic behavior of 480 clinician-client dyads. Results of a factor analysis of the clinicians' behavior yielded three distinct dimensions: "interpersonal relationship," "technical skill," and "target behavior" factors. A factor analysis of the clients' behavior resulted in two dimensions: "rapport" and "therapy feedback" factors. Based on these findings, the structure of therapeutic behavior is discussed along with implications for future clinical training and research strategies. PMID- 6991554 TI - Early development of the brain and spinal cord in dysraphic mice: a transmission electron microscopic study. AB - The hindbrain and spinal cord were studied by transmission electron microscopy with and without lanthanum nitrate treatment in nine-day embryos of the loop-tail (Lp) mutant mouse. Homozygous (Lp/Lp) individuals exhibit dysraphism from the hindbrain caudally throughout the embryo; in +/+ and Lp/+ individuals, the brains and spinal cords are normal. In contrast, the ventricular cells in the abnormal hindbrain and spinal cord showed increased amounts of intercellular space in an area intermediate between the luminal border and basal zone, and a flattening which occurs variably in their luminal surfaces. A most striking difference occurred in the frequency of gap junctional vesicles, circular structures bounded by a double membrane and containing ribosome-like material. A quantitative analysis of the distribution of these organelles revealed that they are more numerous in the dysraphic hindbrain and lumbosacral spinal cord of the abnormal animals than in comparable regions of the normal; however, in the cervicothoracic spinal cord, the frequency of these vesicles is similar. In specimens treated with lanthanum, the tracer freely penetrated the luminal junctional complexes in both normal and abnormal animals, but was not present between the membranes of the gap junctional vesicles. The developmental significance of gap junctional vesicles frequently located in juxtaluminal regions of mitotic cells, but also found deeply in dividing cells, is not known; they may relate to cell-to-cell attachment and/or communication. In any event, further study of them may prove valuable in understanding normal and abnormal development of the neural tube. PMID- 6991552 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin in the neostriatum of rat brain: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical technique was used to determine the light and electron microscopic localization of antisera directed against either methionine [Met5]-or leucine [Leu5]-enkephalin in the neostriatum of brains from untreated rats. By light microscopy, neuronal perikarya and processes showing enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI) were unevenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. The greatest accumulation of neuronal structures showing ELI was in the ventro- and caudo- lateral portions of the nucleus. The labeled perikarya measured 10--15 micrometer in diameter and constituted about 15--20% of the total neurons in the neostriatum. By electron microscopy, examination of three areas from horizontal and coronal sections revealed no regional differences in types of neurons showing ELI or in their synaptic organization. All labeled neurons showed a relatively low intensity reaction product which was diffusely distributed throughout the perikarya and dendrites. The cytoplasm contained relatively few organelles, which included mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and numerous "alveolate" vesicles. The dendrites had many spiny processes which formed asymmetric synapses with unlabeled axon terminals containing all small clear vesicles. In contrast to the perikarya and dendrites a dense accumulation of reaction product was present in a few myelinated and numerous unmyelinated axons and axonal varicosities. Approximately 75% of the labeled varicosities did not form a specialized synaptic junction in a single plane of section. The remaining 25% of the labeled terminals formed asymmetric junctions primarily with unlabeled dendrites and rarely with unlabeled perikarya or axons. The morphology and synaptic relations of the neurons showing ELI suggest that they may belong to the general group of medium sized spiny cells characterized in Golgi studies by Kemp and Powell ('71a). At least some of the peptide-containing neurons may also have a myelinated efferent axons. PMID- 6991555 TI - Rickettsioses: a review for the dermatologist. PMID- 6991553 TI - Relationship between enkephalinergic neurons and the vasopressin-oxytocin neuroendocrine system of the cat: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Localization of enkephalins and opiate binding sites in the central nervous system of rats has been reported by several authors. These studies did not reveal an extensive enkephalinergic system in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis of rats. The present paper reports on an extensive enkephalinergic system in the cat hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. Sections of paraformaldehyde fixed cat hypothalami were incubated with anti-methionine enkephalin serum, anti vasopressin serum, and anti-oxytocin serum. Immunohistochemical localization of methionine enkephalin fibers and terminals in the median eminence, hypophyseal stalk, and pars nervosa was similar, but not identical to the distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin in these structures. Neuronal perikarya localized with the three antisera in the nucleus supraopticus and nucleus paraventricularis were of a similar size and morphology. In cats treated with colchicine prior to sacrifice, the anti-methionine enkephalin serum revealed a group of periventricular cell bodies. Cell bodies were not localized in this area with anti-vasopressin or anti-oxytocin sera. The functional significance of such an extensive enkephalinergic system in the cat hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is discussed. PMID- 6991557 TI - Effect of ambient environments on survival of selected bacterial populations in dairy waste solids. AB - Survival of potentially pathogenic organisms, especially those causing mastitis, indigenous to dairy waste solids was measured over an exposure of 12 days. Selected genera of bacteria were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Escherichia. Random samples were taken from four locations within each pile of dairy waste solids at 4-day intervals in four replicates. The number of streptococci and salmonella markedly decreased after the first 4 days. The pseudomonas and coliform populations decreased a small but significant amount as did the staphylococci. These results could be in part from various factors such as solar radiation, heavy metals in the solids, or the approximate 45 C increase in temperature within the piles. PMID- 6991556 TI - Plant dermatitis due to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family. AB - Dermatitis due to members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family of plants has been reported for many years from several parts of the world. Nevertheless, it seems to be overlooked by many present-day clinicians, undoubtedly because clinically it mimics photodermatitis or an airborne contact dermatitis of nonplant origin. This clinical review summarizes the rich literature on the subject, emphasizes the remarkably consistent clinical picture, and updates for readers relevant advances in botanical biochemistry and clinical implications, as well as current methods for diagnosis, attempts at treatment, and concepts of pathogenesis. It is hoped that the review will focus needed attention on this syndrome and will enhance prospects for accurate diagnosis, as well as further investigations into treatment and prevention. PMID- 6991558 TI - Symposium: disease prevention in calves. Factors affecting susceptibility of calves to disease. AB - Enteric and respiratory disorders are the main hazards to successful calf rearing. The many interrelated factors in the etiology of these disorders are reviewed, and an attempt has been to classify the factors into those of a microbiological, immunological, nutritional, genetic, physical, or psychological nature. No one would dispute that enteric and respiratory disorders are the two main hazards to calf health, but many would argue about the relative importance of specific pathogens and other predisposing factors in the etiology of these disorders. PMID- 6991559 TI - Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in newborn calves. PMID- 6991560 TI - Relative caries experience of sealed versus unsealed permanent posterior teeth: a three-year study. AB - A clinical trial has investigated the occlusal caries experience of permanent molars and premolars, following the apparent loss of occlusal sealants applied by dental students, in comparison with that of unsealed teeth erupted for time periods similar to the sealant evaluation periods. Complete retention at one, two and three years was relatively poor. Throughout the study, premolars were superior to molars in fully retaining sealants. Regardless of the clinical condition of the sealant, a statistically significant reduction in occlusal caries-experience of sealed teeth was seen in comparison with control teeth. This relative reduction was highest at one year: 72 percent for molars and 83 percent for premolars, dropping at three years to 23 percent for molars and 64 percent for premolars. At one year, molar sealant failures showed a statistically significant, relative reduction of 41 percent in occlusal caries-experience over control teeth, suggesting as ongoing caries-inhibitory effect. Thereafter, the history of a failed sealant neither enhanced nor reduced the occlusal caries susceptibility of molars, and premolars over that of control teeth. PMID- 6991561 TI - Bonding of polymers to enamel: influence of deposits formed during etching, etching time and period of water immersion. AB - A technique for measuring the shear bond strength of composites to etched enamel was developed. The importance of thorough washing of the enamel surface to remove deposits formed during etching was demonstrated by measurements of bond strength and by scanning electron microscopy. One of three orthodontic adhesive systems showed a highly significant increase in bond strength after immersion in water for three months. Etching times as short as five seconds gave a bond strength not significantly different from that obtained after a one-minute etch. PMID- 6991562 TI - Concentrations of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics change during storage in cartridge heaters. PMID- 6991563 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Bibliography. PMID- 6991564 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "Dr. Crawford Williamson Long" the Father of Anesthesia. PMID- 6991565 TI - A comparative study of the functions of epidermal Langerhans cells in hairless mice and nude mice. PMID- 6991567 TI - An acquired form of acrodermatitis enteropathica due to longterm lactose-free milk alimentation. PMID- 6991566 TI - Ultrastructural observations of Pautrier microabscess. PMID- 6991568 TI - Correlation between complement-fixing pemphigoid antibody titres and disease activity. PMID- 6991569 TI - Plantar malignant melanoma. Statistical and clinicopathological studies. PMID- 6991570 TI - Nodular fasciitis. A spontaneously regressing tumor? PMID- 6991572 TI - A semiquantitative analysis of skin sensitivity changes in Herpes zoster. PMID- 6991571 TI - Demonstration of DNP groups on in vitro dinitrophenylated lymph node cells of the guinea pig by a scanning immuno-electron microscopic method. PMID- 6991573 TI - Local anesthesia for Herpes Zoster. PMID- 6991574 TI - Studies on the quantity and chemical composition of surface lipids of human scalp and hair. PMID- 6991575 TI - Computerized medical-history screening for athletics. PMID- 6991576 TI - The presidents. Frederick Henry Rehwinkel, 1877-1878. PMID- 6991577 TI - Pioneer dental educators from Ohio (Willoughby Dayton Miller and John R. Callahan). PMID- 6991578 TI - Success of overdentures and prevention of failure. AB - Placement of dentures over selected retained teeth has become a commonly used treatment in dentistry. The relationship between the overdenture and the areas of periodontal, endodontic, restorative, and prosthodontic diagnosis and treatment has been discussed. Within each area, aspects of treatment that are crucial to success of the overdenture have been identified. It is suggested that the two most important concerns are adequate diagnosis and maintenance. The combination of a properly diagnosed case and a motivated patient, along with extreme attention to detail during treatment, will enhance the prospect of success. PMID- 6991579 TI - Clinical performance of certain commercial high-copper-content amalgams. AB - The types of alloys and the integrity at the margins of certain commercially available high-copper-content amalgams were assessed. After a two-year clinical trial, interpretation of the results indicated that Dispersalloy, Cupralloy, and Phasealloy had the least failure at the margins. These alloys were closely followed by Indiloy and Tytin, Sybraloy, Optaloy II, Velvalloy (a traditional alloy), Micro II, and Aristaloy CR had less marginal integrity. Clinical data can be used to guide the practitioner in selecting an amalgam alloy. PMID- 6991580 TI - Facial pain of neurologic origin mimicking oral pathologic conditions: some current concepts and treatment. AB - A variety of pain syndromes of the face can arise from extradental pathologic conditions that can, at times, be confusing. Awareness of pain syndromes of neurologic origin that can mimic pathologic dental conditions is helpful. When doubt persists, rather than extract or endodontically treat a tooth, injection of a local anesthetic to the most sensitive areas can be a helpful diagnostic test. We recognize that there are many entities, including dental and temporomandibular joint syndromes, that much more often account for facial pain. However, we believe that those who most often treat these patients should also be aware of some of the advances in the understanding of the causes and treatment of the neurologic syndromes that can mimic pathologic oral conditions. PMID- 6991581 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 6991582 TI - Prevention of problems with removable partial dentures. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 6991583 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 6991587 TI - Lewis Carroll: a study of mathematical inhibition. AB - Carroll's mathematical abilities appear to have been severely constrained- subject simultaneously to inhibition and distortion. Through an analysis of his informal commentary on his relation to mathematical puzzles I have attempted to understand and explain the nature of these inhibitions and distortions. Particular attention to his metaphor of the "mental bun," and his use of this metaphor, has led me to conclude that the mathematical puzzle served, for Carroll, distinctly fetishistic functions. This interpretation dovetails with Greenacre's early intuition about the prevalence in his literary work of fantasies and preoccupations reminescent of clinical experience with fetishism. The connection argued here between inhibitions and distortions in the sexual and intellectual realms suggests, as a domain for further inquiry, the possibility of a more general investigation into the role of sexual fantasies in intellectual activities. PMID- 6991586 TI - Hemarthrosis: a review of the literature. PMID- 6991585 TI - Increased serum immunoglobulin E levels following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - IgE levels were determined before and serially after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 12 patients. Six patients had aplastic anemia, four leukemia, and one each Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and infantile agranulocytosis. IgE levels increased sharply (7- to 2,000-fold) in 10 of the 12 as early as 14 days after BMT. They all returned to baseline levels by 60 days. In six of these patients, the rise accompanied clinical and biochemical evidence of acute graft versus-host disease (GVHD). All of the patients who received rabbit antihuman thymocytic serum (ATS) in preparation for transplantation and were tested for IgE antirabbit serum antibody by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (n = 6) developed a strongly positive RAST which paralleled their total IgE levels. These high IgE levels detected during the period of acute GVHD may be a manifestation of a transient lack of suppressor T cell activity. PMID- 6991584 TI - Immunoregulation circa 1980: some comments on the state of the art. PMID- 6991588 TI - [Angle-closure glaucoma. Semeiology]. PMID- 6991589 TI - Optical errors in scanning stage absorbance cytophotometry. I. Procedures for correcting apparent integrated absorbance values for distributional, glare, and diffraction errors. PMID- 6991590 TI - Optical errors in scanning stage absorbance cytophotometry. II. Application of correction factors for residual distributional error, glare and diffraction error in practical cytophotometry. AB - In a preceding article theoretical methods were derived for correcting the integrated absorbance values of microscopic objects determined with a scanning stage cytophotometer for the systematical erros due to residual distributional error, diffraction error, and glare error. For an experimental investigation of these results, the local apparant transmission at the center of an opaque particle was determined and this value used as a measure for the substage glare. By sufficient reduction of the size of the illuminated field, this substage glare could be kept below 1% in our scanning stage cytophotometer. The magnitude of the diffraction error was experimentally approached by comparing the values found for the integrated absorbance of the same amount of chromophore, dispersed over two different areas by crushing or centrifugation. After appropriate correction for the residual distributional error, the remaining difference was ascribed to the diffraction error, caused by diffraction at the edges of the object, and to the glare error, present all over the measured area. The local borderline corrections found necessary to obtain the best matching corrected integrated absorbance values were between 3 and 5%, in good agreement with the value derived theoretically. The importance of these corrections for the determination of the integrated absorbance of common biological objects is discussed. PMID- 6991591 TI - Methods for immunoelectron microscopy: Localization of antigens in rat kidney. AB - This study evaluated a variety of fixatives and methods of tissue preparation for application of the direct peroxidase-labeled antibody technique to rat kidney specimens. Tissue ultrastructure was most satisfactorily preserved and the antigens studied (rabbit IgG, human IgG, and rat Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) were adequately preserved after brief fixation with 1% glutaraldehyde (15 min), a mixture of paraformaldehyde (1%) and glutaraldehyde (0.05%), or a paraformaldehyde, lysine, periodate fixative. Glycerol substitution was considered an important step which minimized ice crystal artifacts. Freezing and thawing were essential steps that facilitated adequate penetration of labeled antibody to specific antigenic sites. The distribution of injected rabbit IgG (anti-rat glumorular basement membrane (GBM) antibody) was predominately on the lamina rara interna and externa of the GBM. Injected aggregated human IgG was found primarily within the spaces between glomerular mesangial cells. Rabbit anti rat THP was localized primarily on the infolding membranes of cells of the ascending thick limb of Henle. We suggest that the methods described may have wide application. PMID- 6991592 TI - Ultrastructural localization of tubulin in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Antibodies to barin tubulin were created in rabbits and used to localize tubulin in cultured fibroblasts. Cells were fixed and permeabilized using the EGS procedure (Willingham et al: J Cell Biol 79:256a, 1978). Tubulin was localized and quantified using a ferritin-bridge labeling method. Antibody localization was generally confined to morphologically identifiable microtubules, with a smaller concentration in a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. Following treatment with colchicine, morphologically identifiable microtubules disappeared and the amount of diffuse localization in the cytosol increased. However, a significant concentration of tubulin was found associated with the microfilament mat under the plasma membrane after colchicine treatment, whereas in untreated cells, very little tubulin was found in the microfilament mat. These results demonstrate that tubulin is a component of microtubules and that colchicine treatment results in an association of this tubulin with microfilaments. PMID- 6991593 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the posterior lobe hormones and of their carrier proteins. AB - Serial sections of vertebrate hypothalami were stained with the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In addition to the single staining method, our double staining method was used, which enabled us to visualize two tissue antigens in single tissue sections. In both staining methods, differentially adsorbed antineurohypophysial hormone sera, anti somatostatin serum and anti-bovine neurophysin sera were used. The results confirm the one hormone, one neuron hypothesis. PMID- 6991594 TI - Are there indications for a granule-free form of vasopressin? AB - Following a short immobilization the supraoptic perikarya exhibit peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP)-labeled rough endoplasmic reticulum and the intercellular clefts in the basal nuclear area are distinctly labeled by PAP molecules. The fibers in this basal part of the supraoptic nucleus as well as those of the internal zone of the median eminence, beside few polymorphic, positively strained granules, contain a labeled tubular network or free PAP on fuzzy material. PMID- 6991595 TI - Immunocytochemical specificity for peptides with special reference to arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. PMID- 6991596 TI - Prostaglandins, macrophages, and immunity. PMID- 6991597 TI - The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide is specifically bound to B cell subpopulations of responder and nonresponder animals. AB - Employing autoradiography to detect [125I]-lipid A binding splenocytes and immunofluorescence to identify splenic B cells, it was observed that only a subpopulation of B cells bound lipid A. In contrast, non-B cells, including T cells and macrophage cells, exhibited either relatively little or no lipid A binding. LPS-responder and LPS-nonresponder substrains of mice exhibited essentially the same distribution of bound [125I]-lipid A among B cell subpopulations. Approximately 25% of the B splenocytes obtained from the LPS responsive C3H/HeN substrain or from the LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10ScCR and C57BL/10ScN substrains bound [125I]-lipid A. On the other hand, 60% of the B splenocytes from both high- and low-responder mice derived from the CBA strain exhibited [125I]-lipid A binding. Taken in conjunction with the findings of other workers, these results are consistent with the possibility that the genetic defect in nonresponder mice is related to a lipid A triggering event rather than to lipid A binding. PMID- 6991599 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors potentiate the BCG-induced augmentation of natural killer cell activity. PMID- 6991598 TI - Immunosuppressive factor(s) from lymphoid cells of nonresponder mice primed with L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). V. Inhibition of T cell proliferative responses. PMID- 6991600 TI - Murine malaria: analysis of erythrocyte surface-bound immunoglobulin by flow microfluorimetry. PMID- 6991601 TI - Elastase-type proteases on the surface of human blood monocytes: possible role in amyloid formation. AB - A group of DFP-inhibitable serine proteases that are associated with the cell surface of human peripheral blood monocytes and degrade the amyloid precursor protein SAA has been partially characterized. Enzymes that resemble elastases in being inhibitable by Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl but differ from the secreted macrophage elastase in m.w. can be recovered from SDS gels in the region ranging from 58 to 72 x 10(3) daltons. These enzymes degrade SAA to a product similar in m.w. and antigenic properties to the amyloid A protein. When intact cells are labeled with 3H Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl at 4 degrees C for 3 min, a major 58 x 10(3) and two minor 48 and 65 x 10(3) dalton bands are seen. Another group of enzymes that digests SAA completely through a transient AA-like intermediate can be recovered from the 40 to 58 x 10(3) dalton region of the gels. These enzymes are only minimally inhibited by Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl. We suggest that both types of enzymes may be involved in the proteolytic processes that lead to amyloid formation in secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 6991602 TI - Glucose transport in murine macrophages: in vitro characterization of the monosaccharide transport system of the thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophage. PMID- 6991603 TI - Fc receptors of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line: evidence for two types of receptors defined by binding of the staphylococcal protein A-IgG1 complex. AB - The specificity and kinetics of binding of purified monomeric human and murine myeloma immunoglobulins to Fc receptors were studied in a human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60). HL-60 cells contain approximately 20,000 Fc receptors per cell and bind human IgG1, IgG3 and mouse IgG2a with high affinity (dissociation constant of 5 to 10 nM). Kinetic studies of the binding of IgG1 to HL-60 cells demonstrate rapid exchange with ambient immunoglobulin with approximately one half of the surface-bound IgG1 exchanging every 25 to 30 min at 37 degrees C. Estimation of the equilibrium binding constant from the rates of association and dissociation of IgG1 agrees well with the values obtained from Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding of radioiodinated IgG1. Approximately one-half of the Fc receptors of HL-60 cells are capable of binding IgG1 complexed to Protein A. This result was independent of the concentration of Protein A (0.5 to 200 microM) or the time of incubation of IgG1 with Protein A. Studies in which Protein A was incubated with HL-60 cells at 37 degrees C then rapidly washed at 0 degrees C indicated that Protein A did not degrade Fc receptors or interact with the Fc receptor sites on HL-60 cells. The complexes formed between Protein A and IgG1 sedimented at 7 to 9S by ultracentrifugation. These results suggest that there are two types of Fc receptors on HL-60 cells, which can be distinguished by their ability to bind the IgG1-Protein A complex. PMID- 6991604 TI - Detection of proteinases in electrophoretograms of complex mixtures. AB - A simple, sensitive technique for detecting proteolytic enzyme zones on electrophoretograms by making contact print zymograms is described. The method is applicable to electrophoretograms prepared on a variety of support media, immunoelectrophoretograms or isoelectric focusing patterns on various media. The contact print zymograms are prepared by placing unfixed, unstained electrophoretograms in contact with a thin film of casein which has diffused into a layer of agarose supported by a hydrophilic polyester film. After staining the casein film with Coomassie blue, the proteolytic zones are detected as clear zones against a blue background. The method can detect as little as 9 ng of trypsin. The utility of the method is illustrated by detection of the proteinase enzymes in thermophilic actinomycete antigen preparations separated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on agarose and granulated dextran supports. PMID- 6991605 TI - The role of regional differences in the major histocompatibility complex in the production during pregnancy of a serum factor inhibiting macrophage migration. AB - The response by the mother to the paternal antigens of her foetus was evaluated in the rat by the production of a serum factor which inhibits macrophage migration (serum inhibitory factor, SIF). The SIF response depended upon antigenic differences controlled by genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as demonstrated by the use of congenic strains. Differences between mother and foetus within the RT1.A region of the MHC led to SIF stimulation, whereas, differences in the RT1.B region did not. The SIF response followed the course of the pregnancy: it began at the time of implantation, reached a maximum at birth and then fell precipitously. In contrast, the SIF response to skin grafting did not correlate with differences in the MHC. Thus, the antigenic factors stimulating this maternal response to foetal antigens appear to depend upon a unique type of genetic difference, and this may be a factor in the apparent immunologic privilege enjoyed by the foetus during gestation. PMID- 6991606 TI - HD50 assay evaluation of the antigen Fy3 depression in Fyx individuals. AB - HD50 assays for the antigens Fyb and Fy3 were performed in a large number of Fyx homozygous or heterozygous individuals. A full correlation was found in quantitative expression of Fyb and Fy3 favouring the hypothesis of a Fybw Fy3w gene complex in the Duffy blood group system. PMID- 6991607 TI - Steroid hormone receptors and melanoma. PMID- 6991608 TI - Binding of bullous pemphigoid antibodies to basal cells. AB - Eight out of 12 serum samples from patients with bullous pemphigoid having basement membrane zone antibodies gave positive binding not only to the basement membrane zone but also to the basal cell membrane and/or cytoplasm as observed by complement immunofluorescence. Reaction of fluorescein labeled pemphigus vulgaris gamma-globulins, binding mainly to the lower intercellular spaces of the epidermis, was greatly reduced by the prior incubation of high-titered bullous pemphigoid sera having the reactivity to the basal cells, while that of fluorescein labeled pemphigus foliaceus gamma-globulins binding mainly to the upper and middle intercellular spaces, was not influenced by the prior application of these bullous pemphigoid sera. These results indicate that bullous pemphigoid antibodies are heterogenous and can be classified into 2 types and that some cross reaction is present between pemphigus antibodies and bullous pemphigoid antibodies having the reactivity to the basal cells. PMID- 6991610 TI - [Replication of chromatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991609 TI - [Surgical treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991611 TI - [Serum lipoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991612 TI - [Characterization of bulkily isolated neuron (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991613 TI - [Physical properties of resins for veneer crown. (Part 2) Bending strength and retention force of opaque resins (author's transl)]. AB - The retention force of 9 kinds of resins for veneer crown, physical properties and retention force of 7 kinds of opaque resins were determined. Retention force and their physical properties were closely related on resins for veneer crown, that is stronger and more tough resins have larger retention force. The opaque resins containing larger quantity of filler and hydrophilic monomers showed extra ordinary young's modulus afteter drying. But young's modulus and strength decreased after immersed in water and thermal cycling and the retention force also decreased to the smallest level after immersed in water and thermal cycling. The hydrohobic opaque resins that have good coupling effect to filler showed large retention force even after immersed in water and thermal cycling in spite of large filler content. The opaque resins containing MMA with scanty filler showed large elongation and breaking strength and their retention force were also large after immersed in water and thermal cycling. PMID- 6991614 TI - [Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 2) Classification and rotational performance of the dental air turbine handpieces (author's transl)]. AB - For the purpose of the clinical and technical uses, air turbine handpieces are widely used for the high speed cutting instruments. And then, there are the many kinds of air turbine handpieces which are classified with the standard, minutia and torque types etc. So, in this paper, we examined the rotational properties of air turbine handpieces in the consideration of these classifications. And the relations between the reduction of the rotational speed and the rotational loads on the handpieces are fundamentally investigated. As the results of these investigations, it was revealed that rotational forces of the toque type air turbine are very excellent and the rotational speed of the air bearing type air turbine is higher than that of other type handpieces. And we obtained the practical properties of the rotational ability of air hand pieces. PMID- 6991615 TI - [Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 3) Torque measurements of the air turbine handpieces (author's transl)]. AB - Air turbine handpieces, electro-micro motors and electric engines are widely used as the dental cutting instruments for the clinical use. So, this paper examined the measurement of rotational torque of the high speed dental instruments used for cutting works. For the measurement of torque of the dental instrument, we have measured the pushing load of the test but as used for cutting tools. But, in this paper, we attempted the new trials which are the measuring the tangential force of test bur rotated with the high speed velocity. And then, the kinetic energy values of rotational bur are obtained with using the value of the test bur's rotational torque. Besides we examined the interrelations of the rotational torque and pushing as the results, and both measurement value show the good relations for air turbine handpieces. PMID- 6991616 TI - [Studies on bonding between Ni alloys and porcelain--effect of addition of Cr and Co to Ni alloys (author's transl)]. AB - Bonding between porcelain and Ni alloys containing 0 approximately 10 wt% Co and 0 approximately 25 wt% Cr is investigated. Experimental procedures are as follows. (a) Bonding strength between porcelain and alloys by pull out test (b) Expansion of alloys (c) Distribution of Ni, Co and Cr by EPMA (d) Macroscopic observation of fracture surface resulted by pull out test Following results were obtained 1) Pull out strength increased by addition of Co in all alloy systems. Pull out strength was lowest at 5 wt% Cr in Ni-Cr alloy system, at 15 wt% Cr in Ni-5 wt% Co-Cr alloy system, and at 20 wt% Cr in Ni-10 wt% Co-Cr alloy system. More addition of Cr increased the pull out strength. 2) The influence of alloying element on thermal expansion was not observed by addition of Cr and Co to Ni. 3) The thickness of the oxide film of alloys containing 5 wt% Cr was the largest, and it was remarkably decreased by more addition of Cr. 4) The fractography of porcelain showed a various patterns in relation to pull out strength. 5) At Ni-Cr Co alloy surface oxide of porcelain side, Co concentration is slightly higher than Ni. PMID- 6991617 TI - Rambling recollections about the "Postgraduate Department"--now the Division of Continuing Education of the College of Health Sciences. PMID- 6991618 TI - Aplastic anemia: the role of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6991619 TI - The interaction of proteases, antithrombin III, and heparin. PMID- 6991621 TI - Relationship between plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and arterial pressure during postural stress in normal subjects. AB - The relationship between plasma catecholamines, PRA, aldosterone, and MBP in the supine and upright positions and after furosemide were studied in 44 normal subjects. Supine plasma NE correlated with MBP (r = 0.52, p greater than 0.01) and with age (r = 0.57, p greater than 0.01). The partial correlation coefficient of plasma NE with MBP controlling for age was r = 0.40, p greater than 0.025. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure during the supine position. With upright posture, plasma NE and E, PRA, and plasma aldosterone increased significantly, whereas urinary sodium excretion decreased and urinary excretion of NE did not change. PMID- 6991620 TI - Effect of prednisone dose spacing on plasma lipids. AB - We have previously reported a low prevalence of hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients who were treated with alternate-day corticosteroid. To determine whether alternate-day prednisone per se is associated with lower plasma lipids than is daily prednisone, we studied 14 renal transplant recipients with good allograft function (serum creatinine less than 2.5 mg/dl) who were normolipidemic on alternate-day prednisone. All patients were treated with 6 months of daily prednisone (10.9 +/- 0.4 mg, mean +/- S.E.) and then returned to 6 months of alternate-day prednisone (21.6 +/- 1.0 mg). Mean plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and cholesterol fractions on either regimen were normal and not different. There were no differences in fasting or 2 hr postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Twelve patients gained weight on daily prednisone, and 11 patients lost weight on reversion to alternate-day prednisone. The changes in ideal body weight in both periods correlated (p less than 0.05) with changes in plasma triglycerides. These data suggest that a daily prednisone regimen per se as compared to an alternate-day regimen does not dispose normolipidemic patients to hyperlipidemia. The factors contributing to the low prevalence of hyperlipidemia in our renal transplant recipients remain obscure. PMID- 6991623 TI - Fragments from an autobiography. PMID- 6991624 TI - A new method of anatomical reconstruction of extensive defects of the mandible with autogenous cancellous bone. AB - The mandible and adjacent area is a frequent site of various primary malignant tumours. Therefore resection of this bone is quite often indicated. The main problems associated with defects of the mandible resulting from extensive tumour surgery are: 1. the disadvantage of intermaxillary fixation for immobilization of the stumps of the mandible; 2. the risk of infection; 3. rigid fixation of the stumps of the mandible plus transplant; 4. the different shapes of those regions that have to be replaced (e.g. angle or chin); 5. the poor conditions for revascularisation of the transplant expecially after combined therapy (surgery and radiation). In order to find a way to solve these problems we have developed the three-dimensionally bendable defect bridging plate (3-DBDB plate). Further more we have developed a special technique for the transplantation of compressed cancellous bone. In the first part of the paper the 3-DBDB plate and the principles of transplanting compressed cancellous bone, as well as the specially developed instruments are explained. The second part deals with a typical case and problems of infection. PMID- 6991622 TI - KMA President Robert S. Howell, M.D. PMID- 6991626 TI - Mortality rates of the U.S. armies for the year ending June, 1862. PMID- 6991625 TI - Surgical-orthodontic correction of maxillary retrusion by Le Fort I osteotomy and proplast. AB - The combined efforts of the orthodontist and surgeon are necessary for successful treatment of most patients with maxillary retrusion. Both the aesthetic and functional manifestations of this dento-facial deformity can usually be effectively treated by maxillary advancement, augmentation of the midfacial region and orthodontics. Treatment planning, pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatment principles, and surgical considerations in treating 25 adults with maxillary retrusion are described and illustrated. Surgical advancement of the maxilla by Le Fort I osteotomy, proper alignment of the teeth by orthodontics, and augmentation of the paranasal, canine fossae and malar regions with Proplast, were the common denominators of successful treatment. PMID- 6991627 TI - Clinical trial of flupenthixol decanoate in chronic withdrawn schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6991628 TI - Monovalent fragments (Fab) of monoclonal antibodies to a sporozoite surface antigen (Pb44) protect mice against malarial infection. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (IG1, k) directed against a surface component of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites (Pb-44) confer complete protection to mice against a lethal inoculum of parasites. The degree of protection is a function of the number of parasites used in the challenge and of the antibody concentration in serum. Passive transfer of 10 micrograms of antibody per mouse abolished or profoundly diminished the infectivity of 10(3) sporozoites, but much higher amounts of antibody were required for complete protection against challenge with 10(4) parasites. Fab fragments of the monoclonal antibodies were as effective as the intact antibodies in mediating protection as determined by the neutralizing assay. This observation suggests that the antibodies interfere with a parasite function necessary for its infectivity, such as, for example, the ability to penetrate into the target cell or to multiply in the hepatocytes. When sporozoites are incubated with the intact monoclonal antibodies at 37 degrees C, a long filament appears at its posterior end (circumsporzoite precipitation [CSP] reaction). Fab fragments are ineffective at high concentrations. However, if after treatment with Fab, the sporozoites are incubated with rabbit antibodies to mouse k-chains, a strong CSP reaction is observed. We conclude that the CSP reaction can result from the cross-linking of Pb44 and that it has the characteristics of a capping reaction followed by the shedding of the immune complexes. PMID- 6991629 TI - Homology between a histidine-rich protein from Plasmodium lophurae and a protein associated with the knob-like protrusions on membranes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The incorporation of several radioactive amino acids into the knob protein of Plasmodium falciparum was compared. Histidine showed better incorporation than proline. A protein hydrolysate, which had all major amino acids except histidine and methionine, showed relatively poor incorporation as compared with proline, and no labeling could be detected with methionine or leucine. These results strongly suggest that the amino acid composition of the knob protein has the same peculiarities as that of a histidine-rich protein characterized from P. lophurae. Immunoelectron microscopy suggested possible immunological cross-reactivity between these two proteins. PMID- 6991630 TI - Murine pancreatic beta-cells express H-2K and H-2D but not Ia antigens. AB - Direct microcytotoxicity testing and absorption analyses were employed to determine whether H-2K, H-2D, and Ia antigens are present on murine islet of Langerhans cells. Products of the H-2K and H-2D loci were found on beta-cells from three different mouse strains, but I-region (Ia) antigens were not detected. The absence of Ia gene products from islet cells may be of importance in explaining the survival of islet allografts across major histocompatibility barriers. PMID- 6991631 TI - Determination of methotrexate in serum by a rapid, fully mechanized enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). AB - A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of methotrexate in serum (EMIT, Syva Corp.) was fully mechanized by the use of an Eppendorf analyzer 5010. Coefficients of variation from day to day were in the range 2--16%. A comparison of the results obtained by EMIT and a radioimmunoassay (Methotrexate 125 I Radioimmunoassay Kit, Diagnostic Biochemistry Inc.) in a series of 50 samples from patients showed a good correlation between both methods. The specificity of the EMIT assay appeared to be adequate. The time required for the determination of about 20 patient samples by this procedure was only about 80 minutes. From our clinical experimence the EMIT assay appears to be well suited for routine monitoring of methotrexate serum concentrations above 0.1 mumol/1 during intrathecal and high dose methotrexate therapy. PMID- 6991632 TI - [A gas-chromatographic method for the determination of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone in the same extract of serum (author's transl)]. AB - A gas-chromatographic method for the determination of the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone in the same extract of serum is presented. Saturated ammonium sulfate solution is added to 1 ml serum, followed by extraction with chloroform. The organic phase is separated and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 100 microliter ethylacetate/acetic acid (100 ml + 1 ml) for gas-chromatography. The gas-chromatographic determination is carried out under isothermal conditions without derivatisation, using SP 2250 DA as stationary phase for the determination of phenobarbital and phenytoin, and Dexsil 300 for the determination of carbamazepine and primidone. The coefficient of variation for the precision from day to day ranges from 4.3 to 7.5%, the recovery from 93.5 to 111%. The specificity was proven by comparison with the relative retention times of about 100 drugs. The method is compared with the corresponding EMIT-tests. PMID- 6991633 TI - Exercise and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6991634 TI - A history of elderly exercises. PMID- 6991636 TI - Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. PMID- 6991635 TI - The female athlete and sportsmedicine in the 70's. PMID- 6991637 TI - Richard S. Hodes, M.D. 103rd president of the Florida Medical Association. PMID- 6991638 TI - The end of an era (Gerold Schiebler). PMID- 6991639 TI - Thomas Byron Thames, M.D. PMID- 6991640 TI - Orthostatic responses of blood pressure, renin and aldosterone in patients with spinal transections. PMID- 6991642 TI - Comparative studies of five strains of mumps virus in vitro and in neonatal hamsters: evaluation of growth, cytopathogenicity, and neurovirulence. AB - The growth and cytopathogenicity of five strains of mumps virus were examined in six types of cell cultures and in neonatal hamsters. These strains included the MJ and RW strains, both recent cerebrospinal fluid isolates: the neuroadapted Kilham strain; the Enders strain adapted to chick embryo; and the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain adapted to chick cell culture. The MJ, RW, and Kilham strains all produced infectious virus without restriction in vitro, but the RW strain did not cause obvious cytopathic effect; the MJ and Kilham strains were cytopathic. The Enders and Jeryl Lynn strains adapted to chick embryo cells were cytopathic and productive in chick cell culture but were restricted in ability to grow productively in vitro on mammalian cell types, even failing to produce noninfectious particles in some cases. In vitro cytopathogenicity was a host independent property of a specific virus strain, but the type of cytopathic effect manifest in culture (eg, fusion, cytoplasmic vacuoles) depended on both the strain and the host cell. The ability of a virus strain to invade the brain parenchyma and infect neurons in vivo appeared to correlate with the strain's cytopathogenicity and not with passage history or adaptive status. PMID- 6991641 TI - Cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 6991643 TI - The surface active properties and antibacterial activity of the compounds, trans [Rh(L)4Cl2]Cl . nH2O. AB - The antibacterial activity and surfactant activity of the compounds trans-[Rh(L)4 Cl2]Cl . nH2O increase in the order L = pyridine less than 4-methylpyridine less than 4-ethylpyridine less than 4-n-propylpyridine. As surfactants, the compounds are far more effective at reducing the interfacial tension, n-hexadecane/H2O, than the surface tension, H2O/air. The most effective and efficient surfactant in this series, trans-[Rh(4-n-propylpyridine)4Cl2]Cl . H2O, can cause the leakage of intracellular manganese ions from the gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, at a concentration of 130 ppm but there is no observable effect on the retention of intracellular manganese ions at the minimum concentration required to prevent growth of this organism (approximately 0.6 ppm at 23 degrees C in nutrient broth). At 130 ppm, trans-[Rh(4-n-propylpyridine)4Cl2]Cl . H2O does not cause the loss of intracellular manganese ions from the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli JS-1. In this case, a concentration of at least 63 ppm of this rhodium compound is required to prevent the growth of this organism in M9TUH medium at 35 degrees C. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that gross membrane disruption effects caused by the surfactants trans-[Rh(L)4Cl2A1Cl . nH2O are not directly responsible for their observed antibacterial action. PMID- 6991644 TI - Predominance of the cytoplasmic form of brain hexokinase in cultured astrocytes. PMID- 6991646 TI - Plasma levodopa, dopamine and therapeutic response following levodopa therapy of Parkinsonian patients. AB - In a double blind placebo controlled study of 6 Parkinsonian patients given a single dose of oral levodopa, the plasma levodopa and dopamine as measured by a radioenzymatic method both correlated with clinical improvement. There was a closer correlation with plasma dopamine than with plasma levodopa and it is proposed that peripheral decarboxylation may reflect central decarboxylation. PMID- 6991645 TI - Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. PMID- 6991647 TI - Susceptibility of brain and skin to bacterial challenge. AB - The brain is a uniquely protected organ. Once the protective barriers are overcome, the brain is susceptible to bacterial infection. Using a reproducible rat model, the susceptibility of brain tissue to challenge by S. aureus or E. coli was quantitatively compared to that of skin. Brain was significantly more susceptible to the presence of bacteria than was the skin of the scalp. The development of infection in skin required at least 10(5) organisms, while brain infection could be produced with as few as 100 organisms. PMID- 6991648 TI - Stereotaxic occlusion of 22 consecutive anterior communicating artery aneurysms. AB - The authors review 22 consecutive cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated by stereotaxic iron-acrylic occlusion. There was no mortality and no rebleeding in this series. The morbidity was low, and 16 of the 22 patients have returned to work. The patients whose aneurysmss could be treated transsphenoidally enjoyed the best outcome. PMID- 6991649 TI - Stereotaxic computerized tomography with a GE 8800 scanner. AB - A stereotaxic system is described that uses computerized tomography scanning for target localization. This system is unique in that the sterotaxic localization may be carried out using the scanner computer without the addition of any extra software. The hardware of the system is built up around a base plate which is fastened to the scanner's patient table. The head is positioned and fixed to the base plate with aluminum bars, which are fixed to the calvaria with screws. Various stereotaxic devices may be fastened to the base plate. The system has been in clinical use for 4 months at the time of writing. Its main application has been in tumor biopsies, but it has also been used for functional operations. PMID- 6991650 TI - Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Pioneer Lecture (Monte Blau, Merrill A. Bender). PMID- 6991651 TI - A computerized alert program for acutely ill patients. AB - An integrated computer system with a central data-base and decision-making capabilities is the basis of an investigation of a computerized alerting program that rapidly detects, analyzes, and generates diagnostic interpretations and treatment protocols for life-threatening laboratory abnormalities. Preliminary study data suggests that use of the alerting program to promptly notify physicians of abnormal laboratory values results in more prompt and correct treatment of patients. PMID- 6991652 TI - Alfred Theodore Shohl (1889--1946)--a biographical sketch. PMID- 6991654 TI - Changes in concentrations of insulin, growth hormone and metabolites in plasma with spontaneous feeding in lactating dairy cows. AB - Changes in plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin and metabolites and their relationships to spontaneous feeding in four lactating dairy cows were studied. Cows were fed a 60:40 (concentrate:silage) mixed ration through 100 days postpartum. Jugular blood samples were withdrawn at 10-minute intervals for 24 hours at day 90 postpartum; feeding behavior was monitored by time-lapse photography during this period. Insulin concentration increased immediately upon feeding and remained elevated for up to 50 minutes after meal termination, despite no significant change in plasma glucose levels. Plasma GH was depressed at 20 minutes postmeal and rose thereafter. Feeding appeared to dampen the fluctuations in free fatty acids (FFA) observed during premeal intervals. Time spent eating during a meal was not correlated with concentrations of these humoral factors at any premeal interval. The correlations of GH/glucose and GH/FFA were significant during eating, noneating and all other intervals during 24 hours. Correlation coefficients of other hormone/metabolite relationships were lower during eating as compared to non-eating periods. The consistent GH/metabolite relationships and rapid, feeding-induced changes in insulin, suggest their importance in the control of feed intake and energy balance. PMID- 6991653 TI - Zinc absorption and its relationship to intestinal metallothionein. AB - This study examined the relationship between zinc absorption and metallothionein. Mice injected intraperitoneally with ZnCl2 (2 mmoles) were found within 18 hours to have increased levels of intestinal metallothionein but an apparent decrease in 65Zn absorption. Induction of metallothionein with lower levels of ZnCl2 (0.2 or 0.5 mumoles) resulted in an apparent increase in 65Zn absorption. Isotope dilution experiments showed that intraperitoneal injections of 2 mumoles of ZnCl2 had resulted in a 500-fold dilution of the available 65Zn pool. Mild stress of the animals was shown to increase both 65Zn absorption and intestinal metallothionein. Actinomycin D administered 4 hours prior to ZnCl2 or stress, prevented the induction of metallothionein and obliterated the increase in 65Zn absorption. These results indicate that zinc absorption is directly proportional to intestinal metallothionein levels and imply a significant role for metallothionein in zinc absorption. PMID- 6991655 TI - Myxoma of the mandible treated by peripheral ostectomy and immediate reconstruction: report of case. AB - A case of fibromyxoma of the mandible treated by peripheral ostectomy and immediate bone graft is presented. This procedure maintains mandibular continuity and can be accomplished via the intraoral approach. There is minimal chance for recurrence and excellent functional and esthetic results can be predicted. PMID- 6991657 TI - The distribution of collagen types I, III and V (AB) in normal and atherosclerotic human aorta. AB - Collagen of types I, III and V has been identified and localised in adult human aorta, coronary arteries and atherosclerotic plaques using an indirect immunofluorescent method with specific antibodies to human collagen antigens. The distribution of the three types of collagen was distinct. Type I collagen was found around smooth muscle cells in the aortic media and in large amounts in the atherosclerotic plaque. Type III collagen was found in dense deposits alongside the elastic laminae in the aortic media and in diffuse intimal thickening. In the aortic media, there appeared to be more type III collagen than type I. The reverse was true in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Type V collagen was distributed throughout the extracellular matrix in the aortic media and in the subendothelial region of plaques. These findings confirm earlier biochemical studies and suggest that a major shift in the nature of collagen synthesis occurs within advanced atherosclerotic plaques. PMID- 6991656 TI - Production of split patterns on the articular cartilage surfaces of rats. AB - A device has been designed to permit reproducible loads to be applied perpendicularly to the acutely curved cartilage surfaces of the diarthrodial joints of small animals. With this apparatus, a sharp, round pin has been used to cause splits in the hyaline articular cartilage of the lower end of the femurs of 37 Wistar rats. In the patellar groove, the splits form a longitudinal pattern. On the condylar surface, the pattern is fantail, radial or non-uniform. It is suggested that cartilage thickness, joint congruence and load per unit area, are variables related to the directional pattern of the splits. These variables, in turn, reflect the gross, microscopic and molecular anatomy of the cartilage. The effects pin-pricks are comples: they disrupt surface collagen bundles and other cartilage components. Experiments made to test the effects of drying, isotonic saline, hyaluronic acid and sodium hydroxide support the view that the state of hydration and fluid flow are important determinants of the shape of cartilage splits. However, sodium hydroxide-induced cartilage disruption, involving glycosaminoglycan loss, did not influence split configuration. Some preliminary evidence suggests that the process of crack propagation, by which splits form, may be related to the position and shape of chondrocyte lacunae. It is concluded that pin-prick testing offers a means by which the structural properties of the cartilage of small diarthrodial joints may be conveniently tested in vitro. PMID- 6991658 TI - Experimental granulomatous inflammation: the ultrastructure of the reaction of guinea pigs to bentonite injection. AB - Bentonite, a silicate, induces a classical non-immunological foreign body reaction when injected intradermally into guinea pigs. The cellular response consists of a mass of macrophages and large macrophage polykaryons, surrounded and infiltrated by an extensive fibrous reaction. The bentonite granuloma shows no signs of intercellular organisation of the reacting cells. Study of its ultrastructure suggests a low turnover lesion with a stable, long-lived cell population. The bentonite granuloma is contrasted with the tuberculous, immunologically mediated epithelioid cell granuloma produced in sensitised guinea pigs. PMID- 6991659 TI - Pediatric follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal monitoring techniques. AB - A controlled prospective study was conducted to evaluate possible effects of the use of three intrapartum fetal monitoring techniques on the offspring of high risk mothers in labor after at least 34 weeks' gestation. Six hundred and ninety women were randomly assigned to one of the three monitoring groups: auscultation alone, electronic monitoring alone, and electronic monitoring with option to obtain fetal scalp pH. There were no significant differences among the three groups of offspring with respect to neonatal mortality or morbidity, Apgar scores, cord blood gas values, or Brazelton examinations at ages 2 to 3 days. Assessment of the infants at 9 months revealed no significant differences in their growth and development as assessed by physical examination. Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and Milani-Comparetti tests. The frequency of delivery by cesarean section was significantly higher in the electronically monitored group than in the auscultated group. This study failed to show beneficial effects of electronic fetal monitoring over auscultated monitoring for high-risk but relatively mature fetuses. PMID- 6991661 TI - Evaluation of a colorimetric assay as a measure of gingival inflammation. PMID- 6991660 TI - Pediatric and adult renal transplants: a comparative study. AB - In order to compare the results of renal transplantation in pediatric and adult recipients, a retrospective analysis of first transplants done at a single institution over a 6-yr period was carried out. The study included 21 pediatric and 196 adult recipients of cadaveric grafts, and 18 pediatric and 156 adult recipients of living related grafts. Pediatric and adult recipient groups were shown to be similar to each other with respect to donor-recipient HLA antigen matching and to causes of graft failure and patient mortality. Actuarial graft and patient survival data for pediatric recipients was found to be better than for the corresponding adult recipient groups, although the differences were not statistically significant. When clinical results, technical problems, and psychosocial adaptation are considered critically, transplantation is clearly preferable to both hemodialysis and to no treatment for pediatric patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). There is a considerable discrepancy between the estimated incidence of ESRD in children and the number of children being tranplanted for this disease. Many patients are, therefore, receiving less than optimum treatment. Efforts to correct this discrepancy are in order. PMID- 6991662 TI - [Synthetic studies of salamander alkaloids, an animal venom]. PMID- 6991664 TI - Decreased activity of proteins adsorbed onto glass surfaces with porous glass as a reference. AB - The biological activity of proteins bound to controlled-pore glass surfaces was studied as a model of denaturation of biologicals upon storage in glass containers. After adsorption onto the glass for 1 week, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and horse-radish peroxidase recovered from the glass column were 88, 63, and 97%, respectively. However, the phosphatase activity recovered after adsorption for 3 months was 14% of the total activity loaded onto the column, and the activities recovered of peroxidase and catalase were 48 and 2%, respectively. Insulin had almost full activity after adsorption for 3 months, but calcitonin activity was absent. The scission of peptide bonds of proteins eluted after adsorption for 3 months was not observed, but dissociation to the subunits was found. The proteins were active in the state adsorbed onto glass surfaces. PMID- 6991665 TI - Comparison of dye dilution method to radionuclide techniques for cardiac output determination in dogs. AB - A study was undertaken to identify the most accurate 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical and to determine the accuracy of a noninvasive radionuclide technique (antecubital injection and precordial detection) for cardiac output determinations. Phase I employed sodium pertechnetate, stannous pyrophosphate with sodium pertechnetate, technetium-99m red blood cells, and technetium-99m human serum albumin as radionuclide tracers. Cardiac output was determined by the dye dilution method and then by the invasive radionuclide technique. The radiopharmaceutical was injected into the same intracardiac catheter used in the dye dilution method. Seven to 10 mongrel dogs were used to test the accuracy of each radiopharmaceutical. A paired t test and regression analysis indicated that technetium-99m human serum albumin was the most accurate radiopharmaceutical for cardiac output determinations, and the results compared favorably to those obtained by the dye dilution method. In Phase II, technetium-99m human serum albumin was used as the radionuclide tracer for cardiac output determinations with the noninvasive technique. The results compared favorably to those obtained by the dye dilution method. Regression analysis indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.91. A paired t test demonstrated that the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). The data suggest that a noninvasive radionuclide technique using cardiac output determinations in humans. PMID- 6991663 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of prednisone and prednisolone in healthy volunteers and patients: a review. AB - Limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of prednisone and prednisolone in patients with different disease states. This is partly due to difficulty in measuring these drugs in biological fluids at the usual dosages prescribed to patients. This article attempts to comprehensively review these studies categorized under the following four sections: (1) bioavailability--healthy volunteers, patients with respiratory disease, patients with liver disease, patients with kidney disease, pediatric patients with various diseases, effect of antacids, effect of food, effect of other drugs (aminophylline, cholestyramine); (2) pharmacokinetics--healthy volunteers, patients with respiratory disease, patients with liver disease, patients with kidney disease, pediatric patients with various diseases, effect of other drugs, enzyme induction of steroids and the effect on the kinetics of steroids and other drugs; (3) protein binding; and (4) analytical methods. The literature is reviewed through August 1979. PMID- 6991666 TI - Renin release from isolated rat glomeruli: effects of colchicine, vinca alkaloids, dimethylsulphoxide, and cytochalasins. AB - 1. Preparations of isolated glomeruli were superfused and the effects of colchicine, the vinca alkaloids, and the cytochalasins A, B, D, and E investigated on basal renin release and the response of the glomeruli to osmotic stress. 2. Colchicine (10(-3) M) had no effect, whereas vinblastine and vincristine (10(-5) M) caused a progressive increase in basal renin release from isolated glomeruli. 3. After 60 min exposure to either colchicine or the vinca alkaloids, the first renin release response to a hypoosmotic challenge (reduction in sucrose or sodium chloride concentration) was depressed while that of the second (after 120 min exposure) was enhanced. 4. Addition of 0.5% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and each of the cytochalasins A, B, D, and E (5 micrograms/ml.) had no significant effect on basal renin release. 5. DMSO (0.5%) depressed the release response to the first 20 m-osmole/kg reduction in medium osmolality obtained by lowering the sucrose concentration. This effect had vanished at the time of the second 20 m-osmole stimulus (120 min). 6. The normal response to the first 30 m-osmole/kg reduction in NaCl concentration (and medium osmolality) was abolished by 0.5% DMSO. Rather, a depressed release compared to unstimulated control experiments was observed. The response to the second stimulus in the presence of DMSO was about half that of control experiments. 7. Following the first hypoosmotic stimulus (by lowering the concentrations of sucrose of NaCl) the cytochalasins A, B, D and E (5 micrograms/ml.) caused an increased release of renin which persisted throughout the length of the experiment. The cytochalasins used were equally potent in this respect. 8. The results are in agreement with previous findings, suggesting that renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells adhering to isolated glomeruli is mediated through a mechanism different from exocytosis. PMID- 6991667 TI - Effects of autonomic stimulation on the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide from the gastrointestinal tract in the calf. AB - 1. The effects of autonomic stimulation on the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from the gastrointestinal tract have been investigated in adrenalectomized claves 2-5 weeks after birth.2. Stimulation of the peripheral ends of the splanchnic nerves (10 Hz for 10 min) caused a small fall in the concentration of VIP in portal and arterial plasma, together with a rise in the concentration in intestinal lymph. None of these changes achieved statistical significance.3. The effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of the thoracic vagi, below the heart (10 Hz for 10 min), were found to depend in part upon the integrity of the splanchnic sympathetic innervation. A substantial rise in the concentration of VIP in intestinal lymph occurred whether or not the splanchnic nerves had been cut whereas an associated rise in arterial plasma VIP was only observed in calves in which the splanchnic nerves had been sectioned.4. The rise in the concentration of VIP in intestinal lymph, in response to vagal stimulation, was unaffected by concomitant stimulation of the splanchnic nerves, although the associated rise in arterial plasma VIP concentrations was suppressed. The response was also found to be resistant to atropine.5. The minimum estimated concentration of VIP in the extracellular fluid of the gastrointestinal tract was estimated to be about 60 p-mole/l. at rest and to rise by 70-120 p-mole/l. in response to vagal stimulation.6. Intravenous infusions of VIP at a dose of 50 ng kg(-1) min(-1) (16 p-mole kg(-1) min(-1)), which raised the minimum estimated concentration of VIP in the gastro-intestinal tract to the highest range encountered during stimulation, produced no significant changes in the concentrations of glucose, insulin, pancreatic glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide in the arterial plasma.7. It is concluded that a small amount of VIP is released from the gastrointestinal tract in response to vagal stimulation. In contrast, release of VIP is unaffected by stimulation of the splanchnic nerves except in so far as the rate at which the peptide passes into the circulation is reduced by adrenergic vasoconstriction. PMID- 6991669 TI - Separate and combined effects of ouabain and extracellular potassium on renin secretion from rat renal cortical slices. AB - 1. Renin secretion of rat renal cortical slices was measured as a function of extracellular K and ouabain concentrations in the incubation medium.2. A sigmoid relationship was found between renin secretion and log K concentration over the range 1.0-4.0 mM. Secretion was maximal at about 2.25 mM-K and half-maximal at about 1.43 mM-K.3. In media containing 4.0 mM-K, ouabain at 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6)M did not affect renin secretion. Higher concentrations of ouabain inhibited secretion. A sigmoid relationship was found between% inhibition of secretion and log ouabain concentration (10(-6)-10(-3)M). Inhibition was half maximal at 2.3 x 10(-5)M and complete at 10(-3)M-ouabain.4. Lowering extracellular K concentration from 4.0 to 2.25 mM shifted the dose-effect curve of ouabain to the left. At 2.25 mM-K, inhibition of renin secretion was half maximal at 10(-5)M-ouabain.5. The inhibitory effect of 2 x 10(-5)M-ouabain (twice the dose for 50% inhibition) in media containing 2.25 mM-K was nearly identical to the combined effect of lowering K to 1.43 mM (the concentration required for 50% inhibition) and adding 10(-5)M-ouabain. This observation suggests that ouabain and low extracellular K act at a common site, presumably on Na, K-ATPase activity, to inhibit renin secretion.6. Neither 10(-3)M-ouabain nor K-free medium inhibited renin secretion when the concentration of free Ca in the medium was lowered to < 10(-8)M. Therefore it is proposed that as a result of Na, K-ATPase inhibition, (a) intracellular Na increases, (b) intracellular Ca increases via Na Ca exchange, provided that extracellular Ca exceeds 10(-8)M, and that (c) Ca accumulation, in some unknown manner, inhibits renin secretion from rat renal cortical slices. PMID- 6991668 TI - Influence of raising albumin concentration on renin release in isolated perfused rat kidneys. AB - 1. Experiments were conducted in isolated perfused rat kidneys to determine the effect of raising perfusate albumin concentration on renin release.2. Raising albumin concentration in the perfusion fluid from 20 g/l. to 60 g/l. (high albumin concentration) increased renin release and renal perfusate flow rate. The effect was reversible.3. Ureteral occlusion did not prevent the rise in renin release and renal perfusate flow induced by high albumin concentration.4. Propranolol (0.28 mM) did not block the renin release stimulated by high albumin concentration, but it inhibited the release stimulated by isoprenaline (2.43 muM).5. Clonidine (10 muM) and oxymetazoline (10 muM) constricted the renal vasculature and stimulated renin release during high perfusate albumin concentration providing perfusion pressure was kept constant.6. Low renal perfusion pressure (50 mmHg) and isoprenaline (2.43 muM) stimulated renin release in perfusion experiments with both 20 and 60 g/l., but the rate of renin release was substantially greater with 60 g/l.7. On the other hand, perfusion fluid deprived of calcium induced a greater increase in renin release in kidneys perfused with 20 g/l. than in those with 60 g/l.8. We conclude that high albumin concentration stimulates renin release in isolated perfused rat kidneys by a mechanism which does not involve the renal nerve, direct renal vasodilation or sodium excretion. High albumin concentration may increase the sensitivity of the kidney to acute stimulation by a mechanism involving calcium. PMID- 6991670 TI - The density, distribution and topographical organization of spinocervical tract neurones in the cat. AB - 1. In acute experiments, detailed grids of micro-electrode recordings were made from spinocervical tract (s.c.t.) cells in the lumbosacral cord of anaesthetized cats. These grids provided electrophysiological data on the location, distribution, density and somatotopic organization of s.c.t. neurones.2. In acute experiments lasting up to 48 hr, retrograde labelling of s.c.t. cells was carried out by injecting horseradish peroxidase into the lateral cervical nucleus in anaesthetized cats. The aim was to flood the nucleus with the enzyme so that all s.c.t. neurones would be labelled in order to provide an independent check on the location, density and distribution data obtained in the electrophysiological experiments.3. The electrophysiological and the anatomical experiments were sometimes performed on the same animal.4. The electrophysiological and anatomical results were in excellent agreement. (a) S.c.t. cells are located mainly in ipsilateral laminae III, IV and V. About 25% are in lamina III, 60% in lamina IV and 10% in lamina V. There are a few cells in laminae I, II and VI making up the remaining 5%. (b) There are about 550-800 s.c.t. cells in the lumbosacral enlargement (L4-S2 inclusive) on each side of the cord. Most cells are in L7-S1 where there are twenty to forty s.c.t. neurones in each millimetre length of cord.5. Many marginal (lamina I) cells were labelled with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase method and a few cells on the contralateral side in laminae III-V and VII-VIII were also labelled. The marginal cells formed 12-18% of labelled cells on the side of injection and, in addition, a similar absolute number of marginal cells was labelled on the side contralateral to the injection. The possible identity of these neurones is discussed.6. S.c.t. cells form a sheet of neurones across the dorsal horn. The sheet is organized somatotopically in a way which resembles the representation of the hind limb dermatomes in the dorsal columns (Werner & Whitsel, 1967). There is a relative enlargement of the L6-S1 dermatomes which encroach upon their neighbouring cord segments. The gradient of the map is very steep in the mediolateral direction but gradual in the rostrocaudal direction. The detailed somatotopic maps generated in the present work have revealed that s.c.t. cells are arranged so that their receptive fields form longitudinal columns and cells within the columns have overlapping fields. PMID- 6991672 TI - Renal transplant: your role in patient education. PMID- 6991674 TI - A bilaterally balanced occlusal scheme for patients with arch width and curvature discrepancies. AB - A technique is described that will allow the patient maximum tooth contact in bilateral balanced occlusion without compromising esthetics or mechanics for a patient with an underdeveloped retrognathic and normal or oversized maxillae (Figs. 4 and 5). A disadvantage is maintaining the upper posterior teeth in the mold during the boil-out procedure, but this problem may be minimized with careful execution of the laboratory procedures. PMID- 6991673 TI - In memoriam William R. Williams 1912-80. PMID- 6991675 TI - Effect of a resilient layer in a removable partial denture base on stress distribution to the mandible. AB - The results of two-dimensional finite element analyses of a mandible indicate that a resilient layer within a denture base can act as an effective "shock absorber" and may slow down ridge resorption. Finite element models of similar types can easily be used to further investigate various applications of resilient layers. The magnitudes and distributions of stresses generated in the mandible by force application to two types of a distal extension denture base were determined and compared. The results were obtained by using the finite element method of stress analysis. In the first analysis, a conventional distal extension denture base resting on the mandible was simulated. In the second analysis, the same testing force was applied to a distal extension denture base with a resilient layer between the teeth and the basal seat. The results indicated that the stress distribution was more uniform during occlusal loading through a resilient layer. The vertical displacement of the alveolar ridge under the denture base with a resilient layer was far less than that of the conventional denture base. PMID- 6991671 TI - Effects of acetylcholine on ion fluxes and chlorotetracycline fluorescence in pancreatic islets. AB - 1. Acetylcholine potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release from ob/ob-mouse islets in salt-balanced bicarbonate buffer and to a lesser extent in Tris buffer; basal insulin release at 3 mM-D-glucose was not affected. Potentiation required the presence of Ca(2+).2. In bicarbonate buffer, ACh stimulated the islet uptake of (45)Ca(2+) at 3 mM-glucose but not significantly at 11 mM; no effect was seen in Tris buffer.3. At 11 mM-glucose, ACh increased the fluorescence from Ca(2+) chlorotetracycline in dispersed islet cells; the effect was inhibited by atropine.4. At both 3 and 11 mM-glucose, ACh stimulated the islet uptake of (22)Na(+) in 60 min. At 11 mM-glucose, (22)Na(+) uptake in 5 min was also enhanced significantly, and this effect was inhibited by atropine.5. At 3 mM glucose, ACh probably stimulated the islet uptake of (86)Rb(+) in 10 min.6. ACh had no effect on (36)Cl(-) retention at 3 or 11 mM-glucose, or on the oxidation of D-[U-(14)C]glucose (11 mM).7. The insulin secretory potentiator, ACh, does not act by accelerating glucose oxidation and does not induce the same ionic effects as the secretory initiator, D-glucose. Increased Na(+) permeability and altered interaction of Ca(2+) with the plasma membrane may play roles in the cholinergic depolarization of beta-cells and potentiation of insulin release. PMID- 6991676 TI - The combined reversible hydrocolloid/irreversible hydrocolloid impression system. AB - 1. Dentloid, a reversible hydrocolloid which had been altered to bond to irreversible hydrocolloid, demonstrated a bond with three irreversible hydrocolloids tested in combination with it. 2. Two conventional reversible hydrocolloids exhibited such weak bonding with irreversible hydrocolloid that it was impossible to make impressions with them. 3. The three irreversible hydrocolloids exhibited different bond strengths with Dentloid. 4. The Dentloid/irreversible hydrocolloid combination with the lowest bond strength exhibited the lowest dimensional stability. 5. Combined impressions of Dentloid with two of the three irreversible hydrocolloids exhibited dimensional stability that is a clinically acceptable. 6. Combinations of Dentloid with irreversible hydrocolloids not covered in this report should be verified for acceptable dimensional stability before clinical use. 7. The combination technique, in itself, proved to be easy and practical and overcomes many of the shortcomings inherent to conventional reversible hydrocolloid impression techniques. 8. Strict adherence to laboratory procedures for pouring a cast is as critical as for the conventional technique. PMID- 6991677 TI - Microleakage of composite resin and amalgam core material under complete cast crowns. AB - Ninety extracted human teeth were used to compare the microleakage of composite resin over, amalgam core, and regular crown preparations under a complete cast gold crown cemented with zinc phosphate cement as determined by 2% fluorescein dye solution. Specimens were compared with and without aging after cementation in a thermal bath by cycling some of them between 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C in a 2% fluorescein dye bath and others in a similar bath held at 37 degrees C. Fluorescein dye (under ultraviolet light) demonstrated microleakage of the specimens between the crown-tooth interface and the core-tooth interface. There were no significant differences in the microleakage due to aging. The specimens held at 37 degrees C in the fluorescein dye bath showed no significant differences between the core preparations and the regular crown preparations. However, when specimens were thermally cycled between 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C, there were significant differences. With thermal cycling, the regular crown preparations were better able to resist microleakage at the crown-tooth interface than either the composite resin core or the amalgam core preparations. The results of this investigation seem to indicate a need for further evaluation of core build-ups under cemented complete gold crowns. PMID- 6991678 TI - Fibrous ceramic aluminum silicate as an alternative to asbestos liners. AB - The actual risk to those exposed to asbestos fibers in the dental laboratory is presently unknown. The ADA Council on Dental Materials and Devices and ADA Council on Dental Therapeutics have received encouragement from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to conduct further studies, including monitoring airborne asbestos in dental laboratories. It has been suggested that no really safe threshold limit exists for airborne asbestos fibers. Low level asbestos exposure has been implicated in numerous serious diseases. Exposures as brief as 1 month have produced disease many years later. Numerous researchers have advocated the use of a safer material. Casting ring liners compound of currently available fibrous ceramic aluminum silicate are technically adequate substitutes for asbestos. PMID- 6991679 TI - Immediate prosthetic obturation of the partially resected maxilla in edentulous patients. PMID- 6991680 TI - The cast aluminum denture base. Part II: Technique. AB - A technique to wax-up and cast an aluminum base and a method to incorporate the base into the final denture base has been discussed. This technique does not use induction casting, rather it uses two casting ovens and a centrifugal casting machine. PMID- 6991681 TI - The effects of biofeedback-induced relaxation training in hyperactive adolescent boys. PMID- 6991682 TI - Effect of relaxation on discriminative sensitivity and ratings of sensory experience. PMID- 6991683 TI - Dr. Denis Leigh. PMID- 6991684 TI - Plutonium in the environment--a review. PMID- 6991685 TI - Recruitment of a clinical field trial population: reasons for nonparticipation. AB - Open-ended telephone interviews were conducted with 294 families who refused participation in a school-based program of professionally applied topical fluoride. While the program was conducted in a flouride-deficient community, the level of topical fluoride contact in the homes of the nonparticipants was high. The traditional antifluoridationist reasons for nonparticipation were not expressed with frequency. Instead, the most frequent reason for returning a negative consent form was that the child was already receiving topical flouride applications from the family dentist. The second most frequent reason was that the child did not wish to participate. Many of the reasons given for nonparticipation were not cogent, suggesting that if the parents had been more informed about the nature of the project and about fluoride in general their responses might have been positive. PMID- 6991686 TI - The Indian Health Service study of the expanded-duty dental auxiliary II (EDDA II). PMID- 6991687 TI - The therapeutic use of soft contact lenses. PMID- 6991688 TI - Mitchiner Memorial Lecture 1979: Men in battle. The factors affecting their lives and well-being. PMID- 6991689 TI - Amateur Palestinian guerrilla. PMID- 6991690 TI - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent macromolecule methyltransferases: potential targets for the design of chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6991691 TI - Synthesis of potential inhibitors of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase for testing as antiprotozoal agents. 1. 7-Substituted 6 oxopurines. AB - Biological evidence indicates that the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) is vital for cell proliferation in malarial parasites but nonessential for mammalian cells. 7-Substituted guanines and hypoxanthines in which the 7 substituent bears functional or hydrophobic groups were prepared with the aim of finding a suitably constituted compound whose resemblance to the normal substrate allows it to compete for the reversible purine binding site of HGRPTase while allowing a substituent group of the inhibitor molecule to form a covalent bond or strong hydrophobic bond with appropriate sites on the enzyme. Multistep syntheses that began with hydroxyalkylations and alkylations of guanosine led to four key guanines substituted at the 7 position by the following chains: 2-aminoethyl, 3-amino-2 hydroxypropyl, 3-aminobenzyl, and 4-aminobenzyl. Similarly, 7-(4 aminobenzyl)hypoxanthine was prepared. Reactions at the side-chain amino groups with bromoacetic anhydride (or, alternatively, 4-nitrophenyl bromoacetate) and 3- and 4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl chlorides afforded derivatives bearing functional groups capable of forming covalent bonds with enzymes through displacement reactions. 4-Chlorobenzyl derivatives were similarly prepared as potential inhibitors that might act through hydrophobic bonding. Three 7-substituted guanines whose side chains bear other functions (7-guanine-3-propranesulfonic acid, guanine-7-acetaldehyde, and the ethyl ester of 7-guanine-4-crotonic acid) were prepared as potential inhibitors and for possible use as intermediates. None of these compounds extended the life span of P. berghei infected mice or showed significant in vitro inhibition of HGPRTase from H.Ep.-2 cells. PMID- 6991692 TI - 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines and analogues as antibacterial agents. 2. C Alkylation of pyrimidines with Mannich bases and application to the synthesis of trimethoprim and analogues. AB - A new route to 5-(p-hydroxybenzyl)pyrimidines has been developed which utilizes phenolic Mannich bases plus pyrimidines containing at least two activating groups. The products can be alkylated on the phenolic oxygen or on the pyrimidine N-1 atom, depending on conditions. This method has been used to prepare trimethoprim, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, starting from 2,4 diaminopyrimidine and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. PMID- 6991693 TI - 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines and analogues as antibacterial agents. 3. C Benzylation of aminopyridines with phenolic Mannich bases. Synthesis of 1- and 3 deaza analogues of trimethoprim. AB - Electrophilic substitution of 2,4-diaminopyridine by 2,6-disubstituted -4-[(N,N dimethylamino)methyl]phenols and by halogens (bromine and fluorine) produces 3 benzyl and 3-halo derivatives, plus a small amount of disubstitution at the 3,5 positions. Treatment of a 2,4-diamino-3-halopyridine with phenolic Mannich bases gives 5- and N-benzylation. 2,4-Diamino-3-bromo-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5 dimethoxybenzyl)pyridine was methylated on the phenolic group in good yield and dehalogenated to produce 3-deazatrimethoprim [2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5 trimethoxybenzyl)pyridine]. This compound is about 300-fold less active as an inhibitor of Eschericia coli dihydrofolate reductase than is trimethoprim. 2,6 Diaminopyridine is very readily dibenzylated at the 3,5 positions as well as on an amino group, by a phenolic Mannich base; use of a fourfold excess of the pyridine provided a 3-benzylated 2,6-diaminopyridine in 50% yield; this was inactive as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase at 10(-4) M. 2-Amino- and 4 aminopyridines do not produce C-benzylated products under the conditions reported here. PMID- 6991694 TI - Mutagenicity of substituted (o-phenylenediamine)platinum dichloride in the Ames test. A quantitative structure-activity analysis. AB - A set of 13 substituted (o-phenylenediamine)platinum dichlorides has been studied in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium (TA-92). These cis-platinum compounds are mutagenic without activation by microsomes. The following correlation equation shows that the most important determinant of mutagenicity by substituents (X) is electron withdrawal via through resonance: log 1/C = 2.23 sigma sigma minus + 5.78. C in this expression is the molar concentration of compound producing 30 mutations/10(8) bacteria initially delivered above background mutation, and sigma minus is the Hammett constant obtained from substituted anilines. PMID- 6991695 TI - 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines as antibacterial agents. 4. 6-Substituted trimethoprim derivatives from phenolic Mannich intermediates. Application to the synthesis of trimethoprim and 3,5-dialkylbenzyl analogues. AB - The preparation of a wide variety of 6-substituted trimethoprim analogues was readily accomplished by the reaction of 2,4-diamino-6-substituted-pyrimidines with 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl]phenol at 120--160 degrees C. The less reactive 2,6-dialkyl-4-[(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl]phenols reacted successfully with 2,4-diamino-6-(alkylthio)pyrimidines to give 5-(substituted benzyl)pyrimidines. The phenolic groups of the products were alkylated in high yield when a nonreactive 6-substituent was present in the pyrimidine ring. 6 (Alkylthio) groups were easily removed with Raney nickel. Trimethoprim was thus obtained in high yield from its 6-(methylthio) counterpart. The 6-substituted trimethoprim analogues all had low activity as inhibitors of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase and as antibacterial agents. PMID- 6991696 TI - Risk of recurrence after two children with central nervous system malformations in an area of high incidence. AB - This study was undertaken to provide an estimate of the recurrence risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformation in families with two or more affected children. The hospital records and the records of the Genetic Counseling Clinics were examined for instances where a child born between 1962 to 1973 had spina bifida and anencephalus and was documented as having an affected elder sib; such children were taken as index patients. Parents of 76 families with 89 index patients were interviewed. Fifty-one index patients had younger sibs; of 85 younger sibs, 12 had spina bifida and six anencephalus (1 in 4.7). Little variation was observed in the proportion of subsequent children affected with the type of lesion in the index patient and the affected older sib. Ten index patients with two older affected sibs had 14 subsequent sibs of whom four had a CNS malformation (1 in 3.5). For the purpose of genetic counselling it was suggested that the risk after two and three children with CNS malformations in Northern Ireland was 1 in 5 and 1 in 4, respectively. PMID- 6991697 TI - Passive protection of lambs against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: role of antibodies in serum and colostrum of dams vaccinated with K99 antigen. AB - Lambs from suckling ewes vaccinated with the K99 antigen were resistant to challenge with K99-positive enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Serum and colostrum from these ewes were compared with samples from control ewes to establish methods for monitoring vaccination and to determine the mechanism of protection. Vaccination stimulated production of K99 antibodies. These could be detected by an indirect haemagglutination test and a haemagglutination-inhibition test. Antiglobulin and gel-diffusion tests were less reliable. Experiments with brush-border cells from calf intestine showed that the antibodies were associated with anti-adhesive activity. The antibodies were predominantly IgG and did not neutralise the activity of heat-stable enterotoxin. It was concluded that neutralisation of the adhesive properties of the K99-positive E. coli by colostral antibodies significantly contributed to the resistance of the lambs from vaccinated ewes. PMID- 6991698 TI - Maternal factors that enhance the acquisition of group-B streptococci by newborn infants. PMID- 6991700 TI - Distribution of Serratia marcescens serotypes in cancer patients. AB - A study of 1314 patients with malignancies was made to determine the prevalence of Serratia marcescens in surveillance, diagnostic, and environmental cultures. Sera obtained from a commercial source were used to determine serotypic distributions of the S. marcescens strains isolated during a 51-month period. S. marcescens was isolated from 19% of patients with haematological neoplasms, from 5% of patients with lymphoma, and from 6% of those with solid tumours. Among carriers, rectal cultures were the commonest source in patients with lymphoma (32%); rectal and gingival cultures in patients with leukaemia (43% and 39%, respectively), and gingival cultures in patients with solid tumours (30%). Bacteraemias (.07%) were infrequent sources. Although seldom isolated from environmental or food samples, S. marcescens may occasionally be abundant in fresh fruit and vegetables. Serotyping of 220 strains of S. marcescens demonstrated 38 distinct antigenic types. The predominant serotype, O14:H12, was present in the upper respiratory tract of half of the persons who carried this serotype. Serotyping is a readily reproducible method of subspeciating S. marcescens; it can be satisfactorily used as an epidemiological tool. PMID- 6991699 TI - The role of glycoprotein carbohydrate in the immunological reactivity of antistreptococcal cell-membrane and antiglomerular basement-membrane antisera. AB - Rabbit antisera to "carbohydrate-rich" antigens prepared from group-A, type-12 streptococcal cell-membrane and human glomerular basement-membrane were found to react by an indirect fluorescent-antibody test with the glomerular basement membrane of adult human kidney. This activity was absent or diminished in neonatal tissue. Removal of the carbohydrate epitopes from the adult tissue by means of carbohydrases removed the immunological activity. Antisera against the "carbohydrate-rich" antigens showed immunological reactivities distinctly different from those against the parent native immunogens--streptococcal cell membrane or glomerular basement membrane--which proved to be directed towards the portein epitopes. PMID- 6991702 TI - Effect of heavy metals on bacterial adherence. AB - A preliminary examination has been made of the effects of salts of heavy metals on bacterial adherence. 3H-thymidine labelled strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sputa were incubated with human buccal cells and metallic salts. 10(-4)M zinc or iron salts significantly increased adherence of Enterobacteriaceae to human bucal cells in an in-vitro system. These effects were not altered by variation of the buffer system used, and seem dependent upon interactions between metals and bacteria that occur within about 5 minutes. PMID- 6991704 TI - Identification of Salmonella typhi in faecal specimens by an antiserum-agar method. AB - An antiserum-agar technique was evaluated as a method for detecting Salmonella typhi in faeces. Thirty-one laboratory strains of S. typhi produced immunoprecipitate haloes during overnight growth on SS agar and blood-agar-base infusion agar (BAB) containing donkey antiserum to a vaccine strain of S. typhi. Other salmonella species sharing O serogroup antigens with S. typhi also produced haloes when streaked in pure culture on SS-antiserum agar but not on BAB antiserum agar. One hundred and forty-one consecutive faecal specimens were cultured on SS-antiserum agar. Results with this method were concordant with those of established isolation techniques on specimens from six of seven suspected carriers of S. typhi. Ten other salmonellas were isolated from the faecal specimens but only S. javiana, like S. typhi a serogroup-D organism, yielded false-positive haloes on antiserum agar. The antiserum-agar technique offers promise as a means of screening for S. typhi in faecal cultures. PMID- 6991701 TI - Phase variation in the genus Serratia. AB - During an investigation of the serotypes of Serratia marcescens present in a cancer centre, it was found that 8.7% of 241 strains had more than one H antigen. There were 19 diphasic and two triphasic strains. Antigen H1 was a component of the phases in the approximately half of the strains with multiple phases. This is the first report of such phases in the genus Serratia. PMID- 6991703 TI - Biotypes of strains of Salmonella typhimurium of phage types 49, 204 and 193. AB - Biotyping provided evidence of the phylogenetic relationships between strains of Salmonella typhimurium of phage types 49 and 204 and certain strains of phage type 193, which were interconvertible in phage types. All of 564 strains of phage types 49 and 204, 35 of which were chloramphenicol-resistant, were of biotype 26 whereas those of phage type 193 (91 strains) belonged to six different primary biotypes. Lines of descent are suggested for strains of phage type/biotype: 193/26a, 193/17g and 193/9f. PMID- 6991705 TI - Transfer of cell migration inhibition in vitro with xenogeneic RNA in experimental allergic orchitis. AB - Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was induced in rats following the injection of homologous testicular homogenate (THr) emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Immune RNA (iRNA) was extracted from the spleen and lymph nodes. Normal guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells (GP-PEC), when incubated in vitro with iRNA, were able to specifically recognise and respond to the immunising antigens (THr and PPD) as assessed by the direct migration inhibition reaction (MIR). Positive MIR's were also observed when incubated peritoneal exudate cells were tested against testicular homogenates from mice and guinea-pigs. This would confirm the presence of a common testicular antigen(s) in the three species studied. The reaction would appear to be organ-specific, kidney homogenate being unable to cause migration inhibition. GP-PEC incubated with iRNA which had been pretreated with RNAse did not show antigen-specific migration inhibition. Similarly, GP-PEC treated with RNA extracted from non-immunised donor rats did not respond. PMID- 6991706 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the thymus of SJL/J mice: age-related alterations and the effect of spontaneous reticulum cell sarcoma development. AB - The cellular composition of the thymus was investigated as a function of age in the immunologically aberrant SJL/J mouse strain. Lymphocyte subpopulations were identified by combined analysis of cell electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and cell electronic volume and by assessment of surface receptor for Peanut-agglutinin (PNA) and of surface immunoglobulin (slg) determinants. In the thymus from young adult animals two major types of thymocytes could thus be recognized. The first one (th1, 2, 3) representing about 75% of the thymocyte population was endowed with a low-EPM and exhibited PNA-receptors. The other one (th4) possessed a high EPM and lacked PNA-receptors. During ageing of mice selected for the absence of macroscopically detectable Reticulum Cell Sarcoma (RCS) lesions, the frequency of th1, 2, 3 cells diminished whereas that of th4 cells increased (up to 75% at the age of 16 months). This latter augmentation reflected a true expansion of the th4 cell subpopulation and acounted for the maintenance of thymus cellularity to a relatively high level throughout life. In accordance with the probable immunocompetence of th4 cells, thymus cell suspensions from old RCS-free SJL/J mice were found to exhibit high proliferative responses to T-cell mitogens. On the other hand, from the age of 8 months onwards, a new physical type of lymphocytes (th5) could be detected in increasing proportions. These cells were characterized by a lower EPM than typical th1, 2, 3 thymocytes and by a modal volume around 150 micrometer3. They were further demonstrated to be PNA- but slg+ and are thus likely to represent B cells. Such alterations were not encountered in BALB/c and DBA/2 mice in which both th1, 2, 3 and th4 thymocyte subpopulations regressed at approximately the same rate with age. Moreover, in the thymus of RCS bearing SJL/J mice, the hyperplasia of the th4 cell pool and the occurrence of th5 cells appeared less important than in RCS-free mice. PMID- 6991707 TI - Detection of a truly chemotactic lymphokine for human monocytes using millipore membranes. AB - The detection of the lymphokine monocyte chemotactic factor by determination of the leading front of monocyte migration is described. Stimulated and control supernatants were placed on the attractant side of cellulose ester filters with normal human monocytes as responder cells. Lymphokine activity was assessed by comparing the leading front of monocyte migration in response to control and stimulated culture supernatants. More monocytes migrated to all levels within the filters towards PHA stimulated culture supernatant than to control supernatant, indicating that the lymphokine acted on the entire migrating cell population and not only the cells at the leading front. Analysis of cell migration in a range of concentration gradients demonstrated that the lymphokine induced by PHA was chemotactic for monocytes. There was a significant association (p less than 0.01) between the production of monocyte chemotactic factor in vitro and skin test reactivity in vivo to three soluble antigens, SKSD, Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid. It is concluded that the detection of monocyte chemotactic factor production in vitro provides good evidence of sensitisation, however due to a number of false negative reactions, failure to detect the lymphokine does not necessarily indicate lack of reactivity in vivo. PMID- 6991709 TI - The 1980 Michigan dental directory. PMID- 6991710 TI - Malignant hypertension revisited: the role of bilateral nephrectomy. AB - Hypertension is the leading cause of renal failure in this dialysis and transplant center. When malignant hypertension is encountered, the symptom complex of cachexia and failure to thrive highlights its clinical presentation. The courses of 32 black renal hypertensive patients studied retrospectively demonstrated this symptom complex as well as prolongation of survival, when bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplantation were used as definitive treatment. PMID- 6991711 TI - Cosmetic head and face surgery--ethnic considerations. AB - In recent years there has developed an "image awareness" among various racial and ethnic groups throughout the world. Perhaps because people live longer, a greater sense of self-esteem based on the way one looks has developed. The communications media are highly promotional of interest in one's self. People want to feel good and look good, even if it requires blepharoplasty, face-lift, rhinoplasty, dermabrasion, or other types of cosmetic surgery. It is interesting that persons born in one place, and for business or personal reasons transposed to another part of the world, soon desire to remold their physical and cultural images in accordance with the practices and customs of their new milieux. This paper addresses these problems. PMID- 6991712 TI - Evaluation of hepatocytes isolated by a nonperfusion technique in a prescreen for cytotoxicity. AB - Twenty-three chemicals, differing widely in cytotoxic (hepatotoxic) potency in vivo, were examined to determine their ability to release glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) from hepatocytes isolated by a nonperfusion method from rat liver. The test chemicals were carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,1,2- and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, six bromobenzene analogs, tri-n-butyl tin, chlorpromazine, tetracycline, halothane, phenobarbital, L-ethionine, acetaminophen, thioacetamide, allyl alcohol, ethanol, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetone. In all but two cases--thioacetamide and allyl alcohol--there was a good correspondence between chemicals active in the assay as now performed and those that elevate serum transaminase and cause liver injury on short-term exposure in vivo. These results indicate that with further effort it may be possible to develop an effective, inexpensive, and rapid prescreen to identify drugs and environmental chemicals that are potentially cytotoxic to animals and humans. PMID- 6991713 TI - Abnormal spermiogenesis in bulls treated with ethylene dibromide: an ultrastructural and ultracytochemical study. PMID- 6991708 TI - Lithium, membranes, and manic-depressive illness. PMID- 6991714 TI - Extracorporeal renal surgery and autotransplantation: indications, techniques and results. AB - Renal autotransplantation and/or an extracorporeal renal operation has been done 67 times in 65 patients. The indications for operation were severe ureteral injury in 8 patients, urinary undiversion in 2, renovascular hypertension in 10, carcinoma in a solitary kidney in 3, recurrent renal colic in 1 and donor arterial reconstruction before renal transplantation in 43. Methods of renal preservation and operative repair are described. Sixty-five operations were successful and 2 operations failed because of severe perirenal fibrosis in patients undergoing urinary undiversion. Renal autotransplantation and extracorporeal reconstruction can provide the best solution for selected urologic problems not correctable by conventional methods. PMID- 6991715 TI - The role of anterograde pyelography in the transplant kidney. AB - Ureteral obstruction or sloughing must be considered as a cause of non-function or poor function of the transplanted kidney. Established investigative techniques may not exclude a ureteral lesion conclusively or define its exact site if present. The role of anterograde pyelography in this situation is discussed. It is concluded that anterograde pyelography is a simple, safe and valuable investigation of the outflow tract of the transplanted kidney. PMID- 6991716 TI - 99m technetium sulfur colloid scanning in diagnosis of renal transplant rejection. AB - To evaluate the possible presence of rejection 37 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid imaging procedures were done on 17 renal transplant patients. There was good correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the results of the technetium sulfur colloid images, with no falsely positive studies in the series. An illustrative case and a review of pertinent literature confirm this technique to be an excellent method for the early detection of renal transplant rejection. PMID- 6991717 TI - Tubed free skin graft for construction of male urethra. AB - A tubed, free skin graft was used to construct a urethra in 49 young male subjects. Indications included 1) multiple previous hypospadias operations, 2) new severe hypospadias cases, 3) chordee without hypospadias but with a short urethra, 4) epispadias, 5) distal urethral stricture and 6) a small number of patients undergoing an initial operation for hypospadias by the Horton-Devine technique. No fistulas or leaks occurred. The over-all complication rate was low. Based on our own experience and that reported by others we believe that a free tubed graft is an excellent method for making a substitute urethra in a variety of urethral problems in children and young adults. It is important that the graft is of full or nearly full thickness because thin grafts tend to contract. PMID- 6991718 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the testis: review of 17 cases in British Columbia with survival related to pathological subclassification. AB - We reviewed 17 patients in whom malignant lymphoma appeared to arise primarily in the testis without evidence of widespread dissemination. Malignant lymphoma of the testis occurring as part of a generalized disorder was not included. That the disease may be localized to the testis and can be cured (or long-term survival without evidence of dissemination) are supported by the results reported. The clinical features were reviewed and compared to those recorded in the literature. The 16 tumors in adults were all classified as diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. They were further classified as large cleaved cell, large non-cleaved cell and large non-cleaved cell (? immunoblastic) lymphoma. Survival was correlated with this classification and none of the patients with large cleaved cell tumors has died of malignancy. Prognosis also was related to clinical presentation and initial treatment. All surviving patients underwent orchiectomy and wide-field radiotherapy. PMID- 6991719 TI - Urinary tract undiversion in a patient with an areflexic neurogenic bladder: management with intermittent catheterization. AB - Neurogenic bladder disease generally is though to be a contraindication to urinary undiversion. We describe a teenage boy who received an ileal conduit for an areflexic neurogenic bladder. He had a poor emotional reaction to the diversion and requested reconstruction. After extensive studies undiversion was done. The neurogenic bladder has been managed with intermittent catheterization. Thus far, the result has been quite satisfactory. PMID- 6991720 TI - Selman A. Waksman. PMID- 6991722 TI - Corneal transplantation. PMID- 6991721 TI - Viridans streptococcal pulmonary parenchymal infections. AB - Pulmonary parenchymal infections were caused by viridans streptococci in two patients. Pleural empyema and lung abscess occurred in a previously healthy adult; an uncomplicated pneumonia developed in an immunocompromised host. In the first case, the diagnosis was ascertained by percutaneous lung abscess aspiration, transtracheal aspiration, and thoracentesis culture findings. In the second case, the diagnosis was established by transtracheal aspiration culture results. PMID- 6991723 TI - Another good year ('79-80) for epidemiology. PMID- 6991724 TI - Albrecht von Graefe. PMID- 6991725 TI - Is the renin-sodium profile helpful in evaluating hypertension? PMID- 6991726 TI - Philip S. Hench. PMID- 6991727 TI - Diagnosis of rabies by immunofluorescence in trypsin-treated histologic sections. AB - After trypsin digestion of 4% formaldehyde (10% formalin)-fixed, paraffin embedded brain sections, immunofluorescence identification of rabies antigen was successful in three human rabies cases and in experimentally infected mice. The method allows better interpretation of the anatomic localization of rabies antigen and will be helpful in studies of the pathogenesis of rabies. It will also be diagnostically useful where fresh or fresh-frozen brain tissue is not available, although it should not be considered as a replacement for standard immunofluorescence and mouse inoculation techniques for rabies diagnosis. PMID- 6991728 TI - Maintenance dialysis after 20 years. PMID- 6991729 TI - Clara Louise Maass. PMID- 6991731 TI - Tutankhamun and his brothers. Familial gynecomastia in the Eighteenth Dynasty. AB - Many images of the last four hereditary pharaohs of the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasty (1559 BC to 1319 BC), Amenophis III, Amenophis IV (also known as Akhenaten), Smenkhkare, and Tutankhamun, show them with gynecomastia. Amenophis III was most probably the sire of the last three. The feminine physique and other abnormalities of Amenophis IV have been extensively commented on as indicative of some sort of pathological condition, but the gynecomastia of the others, including Tutankhamun, has been glossed over or considered an artistic mannerism of the El Amarna period. An alternative theory, that the gynecomastia was actually representational and indicative of a familial abnormality in two or three generations, is suggested. PMID- 6991730 TI - Stability of renal transplant function with alternate-day corticosteroid therapy. AB - Fifty-three renal transplant recipients with good to excellent renal function, while receiving daily maintenance or near-maintenance doses of azathioprine and methylprednisolone, were gradually converted to alternate-day corticosteroid therapy. Stability of allograft glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in each patient was assessed by calculating the slope of a plot of the reciprocal of the serum creatinine concentration vs time. After conversion to alternate-day therapy, GFR was stable in 80% but deteriorated in 20% of patients. However, most of the patients who experienced deteriorating GFR during alternate-day therapy regained stable renal function when given the same total corticosteroid dose but on a daily basis. This suggests but does not prove that maintenance-level daily corticosteroid therapy is better than maintenance-level alternate-day therapy in stabilizing allograft function. We conclude that maintenance-level alternate-day corticosteroid therapy should be used cautiously until a long-term prospective study determines whether there is an increased risk of losing renal function with this schedule and whether this potential risk is offset by reduced corticosteroid toxicity. PMID- 6991732 TI - Avoidance of surgical hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. AB - Strict intraoperative glucose level control was accomplished with constant low dose glucose infusion of 100 mg/kg/hr and variable infusion rates of insulin to control serum glucose levels as follows: 20 units/hr for serum glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dL, 1 unit/hr for levels between 80 and 200 mg/dL, and no insulin for levels less than 80 mg/dL. Using this technique, eight diabetic patients with serum glucose levels greater than 250 mg/dL before surgery had their serum glocose levels brought rapidly under control (ie, glucose level less than 200 mg/dL), which continued postoperatively. PMID- 6991734 TI - [Effects of steroids on circulatory shock and mechanisms of action (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991733 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III breast carcinoma. AB - Stage II or III breast carcinoma patients were assigned to one of three adjuvant chemotherapy groups after mastectomy. The efficacy of melphalan, vs cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CFP), vs CFP plus BCG vaccine was compared in 173 patients treated for five days every six weeks for the first postoperative year. Tumor size, unfavorable local signs, extent of axillary nodal involvement, menopausal status, and participating hospital were considered in assigning patients to treatment groups. The median follow-up time was 26 months; 24.2% of the patients were studied for more than three years. Recurrent disease occurred in 31.6% of the patients in the melphalan group and in 13.4% and 13.2% in the other two groups. Six patients died of metastatic tumor; three others died of other causes. A favorable significant difference exists for polychemotherapy in prolonging disease-free interval in our series. PMID- 6991735 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay]. PMID- 6991736 TI - [Double-blind studies on the effect of topical PUVA therapy for psoriasis. Supplement: open controlled studies on the effect of topical PUVA and topical steroid therapy for psoriasis. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991737 TI - [The comparison of the methods in separation of the epidermis from the dermis without any contamination of the hair, hair root sheath and hair bulb (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991738 TI - Liberation of endotoxin from Escherichia coli by addition of antibiotics. AB - The liberation of endotoxin from Escherichia coli by the addition of antibiotics was investigated using a new method of limulus test, i.e. dry up method. The addition of the bactericidal antibiotic, aminobenzylpenicillin or streptomycin sulfate, to the suspension of Escherichia coli (about 10(6)/ml) increased the concentration of endotoxin in the suspension about eight to nine times during a 3 hour period after the addition of antibiotic accompanying with the concomitant decrease of viable cell counts. The addition of the bacteriostatic antibiotic, tetracycline hydrochloride, also increased the endotoxin level, but this increase was rather mild. On the other hand, in the case of the addition of polymyxin B sulfate, there was no evident increase of the endotoxin level. This ability of polymyxin, i.e. the ability to suppress the elevation of endotoxin levels, was shown when polymyxin in the concentration of more than 2.5 micrograms/ml was added against about 10(6)/ml Escherichia coli and was also shown by the combinational use of polymyxin with aminobenzylpenicillin or streptomycin. Furthermore, the endotoxin-inactivating ability of polymyxin was shown in the study where extracted lipopolysaccharide was used in place of viable cells. PMID- 6991739 TI - [Glucagon test in obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991741 TI - [Measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow by hydrogen clearance method with the electrode in contact with the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991740 TI - [Glucose metabolism on intravenous glucose tolerance test in obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991742 TI - [Evaluation of the exposure to organic solvents by means of urinalysis for metabolites (author's transl)]. AB - The method of biological monitoring of the exposure to organic solvents by means of urinalysis is discussed. The topics include the variety of the solvents to which the method of monitoring is applicable, choice of time for urine sampling, possible correction of the results for urine density, and establishment of the biological threshold. Recent progress is reviewed in particular, in the cases of benzene, toluene, xylenes, styrene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane. PMID- 6991743 TI - [Comutagenic action of norharman to N-phenyl-beta-naphthylamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991746 TI - [Kidney failure and indication for kidney transplantation--determination of indication]. PMID- 6991745 TI - [Evaluation of various parameters of regional T/A curve with 99mTc-HSA in cerebral disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991744 TI - [The fibrinolytic therapy in renal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991747 TI - [Postoperative course of patients with kidney transplantation--complications and postoperative care]. PMID- 6991748 TI - [Prognosis of kidney transplant patients and the status of their social rehabilitation]. PMID- 6991749 TI - [Attitudes of patients toward kidney transplantation--a socio-medical consideration]. PMID- 6991750 TI - The interaction between the effects of insulin and ouabain on the activity of Na transport system in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of insulin and ouabain on 22Na efflux and net Na loss were examined in frog sartorius muscles. After removal of ouabain, 22Na efflux which had been inhibited by ouabain remained at the inhibited level for more than 2 hr. In ouabain-free solution, insulin stimulated the Na efflux from ouabain-preincubated muscles. The stimulating effect of insulin on 22Na efflux was completely blocked by the presence of ouabain. Insulin shifted the Na efflux vs. intracellular Na concentration relationship toward the region of lower Na concentrations, and made the slope of log (Na efflux) vs. log [Na]1 relationship less step. On the other hand, ouabain shifted the Na efflux vs. intracellular Na concentration relationship toward the region of higher Na concentration, and made the slope of the log (Na efflux) vs. log [Na]1 relationship steeper. The relationship between insulin-stimulated Na efflux and intracellular Na concentration obtained from ouabain-preincubated muscle was located in the region of higher Na concentrations than that obtained from control muscle. These findings suggest that insulin increases an apparent affinity of binding sites for Na ions, and the possibility that insulin increases the Vmax of Na transport system may be excluded. In contrast with the effect of insulin, ouabain may be considered to decrease the apparent affinity of binding site for Na ions. PMID- 6991751 TI - [Studies on the function of the upper urinary tract. XI. Intrarenal tissue oxygen tension monitoring as an assessment of functional states of the autotransplanted kidneys in dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991752 TI - [Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder: an electron microscopic observation of the interaction between bladder epithelium and E coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991753 TI - Light and immunofluorescent microscopic observation of cultured cells infected with Akabane virus. PMID- 6991754 TI - Gonorrhea. PMID- 6991755 TI - Our current challenge. PMID- 6991756 TI - Gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 6991757 TI - Law and the emergency nurse: search and seizure. PMID- 6991758 TI - Gynecologic emergencies: differential diagnosis of common vaginal infections. PMID- 6991760 TI - Beware the silent patient. PMID- 6991759 TI - Professionally speaking: the conflict between education and certification. PMID- 6991761 TI - Sudden death crisis: pre hospital and in the emergency department. PMID- 6991762 TI - Alternate methods for gastric lavage. PMID- 6991763 TI - Sexually transmissible diseases. PMID- 6991764 TI - Amebic dysentery gets its name: the story of William Thomas Councilman. PMID- 6991765 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a clinico-pathological syndrome of variable expression, resulting from uncontrolled simultaneous activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. DIC can be initiated in a variety of different ways. Additional studies are needed to determine the importance of vascular endothelial damage, hemodynamic alterations and the role of naturally occurring inhibitors of hemostasis. Progressive increase in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in triggering DIC will improve our therapeutic measures in the rational management of these patients. Absolutely essential in the successful management of patients with DIC is identification and control of the underlying illness. PMID- 6991767 TI - [In memoriam Elli Vilhu; born 1-21-06, died 9-25-79]. PMID- 6991766 TI - Johns Hopkins's pioneer venture into international medicine: the commission to the Philippine Islands. PMID- 6991768 TI - [The Midwives' Association of the province of Mikkeli celebrates its 80th anniversary]. PMID- 6991769 TI - [A life of Mrs. Seki Hora - the founder of Japanese public health nursing service. 9]. PMID- 6991770 TI - [A life of Mrs. Seki Hora - the founder of Japanese public health nursing service. 10]. PMID- 6991771 TI - [A life of Mrs. Seki Hora - the founder of Japanese public health nursing service. 11]. PMID- 6991772 TI - The glomerular mesangium. PMID- 6991775 TI - Analgesic abuse and the kidney. PMID- 6991773 TI - Influence of middle-molecular-weight solutes from dialysate on the migration rate of leukocytes. AB - To investigate further the biologic activity of solutes in the middle-molecular weight range, we studied the influence of these compounds on the migration of unseparated white blood cells and separated granulocytes and lymphocytes. Middle molecules (MM) inhibit the migration of unseparated leukocytes, but this effect on lymphocytes was seldom observed. With scanning electron microscopy, unseparated leukocytes were shown to adhere to one another, forming cellular clumps. This phenomenon could not be seen when separated cells were used. These results give some insight into the mechanism of inhibition exerted by MM and into the changes, observed in earlier experiments, of cellular composition of skin exudate obtained from untreated patients with uremia. PMID- 6991774 TI - Change in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern in urine as possible marker for renal disease. AB - The human kidney contains two types of alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes: a hepatic type of AP and an intestinal-like AP. Intestinal-like AP, measured by immunotitration techniques, is a minor component (1 to 4%) of the total AP activity. It is found only in the particle-free fraction (cytoplasm) and is located, with immunofluorescent techniques, in some of the proximal convoluted tubules. Urinary AP activity is found after high-speed centrifugation in the supernatant (x 100,000g), as well as in the sediment, and may be extracted from the sediment after solubilization with n-butanol. Both types of these renal isoenzymes contribute to urinary AP activity. Biochemical characterization (effect of inhibitors, thermostability, denaturing with urea, and so on) revealed that urinary intestinal-like AP and renal intestinal-like AP are identical. Both, however, have been distinguished as multiple forms of AP from the small intestine. Most of the urinary AP activity of healthy persons (22 volunteers) was found in the sediment and consisted of liver-type AP. Urinary AP of patients with diseases, after application of potentially nephrotoxic drugs or during rejection episodes of renal allografts, contains little sediment activity, but it contains increased amounts of urinary intestinal-like AP. PMID- 6991776 TI - [V. I. Lenin and the protection of the health of the people]. PMID- 6991777 TI - [Surgical procedure in peptic gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6991778 TI - [Ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse and disseminated peritonitis of appendicular origin]. PMID- 6991779 TI - [Procedure for the surgical treatment of perforating pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6991780 TI - [Continuous removable suture of the aponeurosis in appendectomy for the purpose of preventing ligature fistulae]. PMID- 6991781 TI - [Suturing of callous perforated gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6991782 TI - [Clinical laboratory study of the decidin tincture preparation for use in surgical practice]. PMID- 6991783 TI - [Prof. Arshavir Deredzhian on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 6991785 TI - [In memory of Dr. Elzbieta Rusinowa]. PMID- 6991784 TI - [Serum lipoproteins and glucose tolerance test in patients with retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991786 TI - [New surgical methods applied in retinal detachment with holes at the posterior pole of the eyeball: I. Horizontal meridional cerclage of the eyeball (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991787 TI - [New surgical methods for retinal detachments with holes in the area of the posterior pole of the eyeball: II. Vertical and oblique meridional cerclage of the eyeball (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991788 TI - [Evaluation and treatment of hyponatremia (author's transl)]. AB - In all patients with hyponatremia, an etiologic diagnosis must be made. A diagnostic classification of hyponatremic states is proposed, which is based on extracellular fluid volume status. A spot urinary sodium concentration will be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Treatment should concentrate on correction of etiologic factors and fluid restriction after any extracellular fluid volume depletion is treated. A regimen of rapid correction of hyponatremia is outlined for serious, symptomatic cases. It consists of diuretic induced diuresis, accompanied by hypertonic sodium replacement of urinary losses. Finally, the usefulness of demeclocycline hydrochloride is characterized. PMID- 6991790 TI - [Chief military medical inspector of the Russian Army (125th anniversary of Ia. V. Villie's death)]. PMID- 6991791 TI - [Solomon Samuilovich Vail']. PMID- 6991792 TI - [Endoscopic arrest of gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6991793 TI - [General proteolytic and antitrypsin activity of the blood in viral hepatitis and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6991789 TI - Hypoaldosteronism without hyperkalemia. PMID- 6991794 TI - [Decembrist physicians]. PMID- 6991795 TI - [Scientific legacy of Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Prof. N. S. Molchanov (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6991796 TI - [In memoriam Aleksandr Al'fonsovich Gerke]. PMID- 6991797 TI - [In memoriam Valentina Dmitrievna Vyshegorodtseva]. PMID- 6991798 TI - [Expectorant and liquescent preparations in the therapy of bronchial asthma and nonspecific lung diseases and their prevention]. PMID- 6991800 TI - [Changes in the respiratory system in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6991799 TI - [Effectiveness of berotek in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6991801 TI - [Paul Ehrlich (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6991802 TI - [Change in the pharmacokinetics of drug substances in kidney diseases]. PMID- 6991803 TI - [Dissolution of gallstones: reality and prospects]. PMID- 6991805 TI - [Evgenii Mikhailovich Tareev (on his 85th birthday)]. PMID- 6991804 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism syndrome caused by indomethacin]. PMID- 6991806 TI - [Aleksandr Mikhailovich Nogaller (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6991808 TI - Synthesis of fibronectin, laminin, and several collagens by a liver-derived epithelial line. AB - We have investigated the ability of ARL-6 cells, a cell line derived from rat liver, to synthesize various collagens and two glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, fibronectin, and laminin. Using immunofluorescence, we detected types I, II, and IV collagen plus laminin and fibronectin. Antibodies to types I and III collagen and to fibronectin were associated with most cells and showed a similar distribution. Type IV collagen and laminin were found in thin filaments associated with a small proportion of the cells. Chemical studies showed that ARL 6 cells synthesize predominantly types I and III collagens. The level of collagen synthesis was greatly affected by the presence of exogenous fibronectin added to the cells in the media. Cells maintained in fibronectin-free serum synthesized much less collagen. These studies indicate that liver-derived cells can synthesize a variety of connective tissue proteins and that collagen synthesis by these cells is enhanced by the presence of fibronectin. PMID- 6991807 TI - [Kidney lesion in liver diseases]. PMID- 6991810 TI - New dimensions in our understanding of the transmission of leprosy and their impact on priorities in leprosy control. PMID- 6991809 TI - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the New Zealand white rabbit: preliminary morphologic characterization. AB - Electron microscopic studies on a closed colony of rabbits with an 18.5 per cent incidence of spontaneous onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed that the beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the diabetic animals were hypergranulated. This finding contrasts with most other animal models of spontaneous diabetes mellitus which show degranulation of the beta-cells. There was no evidence of hyperplasia, insulitis, amyloid, or fibrosis of the islets by either light or electron microscopy. Correlation of our morphologic findings with physiologic data suggests a defect in insulin secretion. Rabbits with normal glucose metabolism showed a normal degree of granulation of their beta-cells. The alpha and delta cells were within normal limits in all animals. No other abnormalities associated with diabetes in humans or other animals were noted except for minimal fusion of the glomerular epithelial foot processes and mineralization of the proximal tubules and Bowman's capsules. PMID- 6991813 TI - Obituary: Dr. P. Sen. PMID- 6991811 TI - Borderline tuberculoid leprosy with a 'lepromatous' nodule of the nasal mucosa: a case report. PMID- 6991812 TI - Thyroxine and leprosy. PMID- 6991815 TI - Study of evolution of nerve damage in leprosy. Part IV--An assessment. PMID- 6991814 TI - Study of evolution of nerve damage in leprosy. Part III--Sciatic nerve lesions in mice inoculated with M. leprae with nerve conduction velocity correlates. AB - Non-immunosuppressed Swiss mice inoculated with 5000 M. leprae in each hind foot pad were subjected to nerve conduction velocity studies followed by light and electron microscopy and fibre tease of both sciatic nerves at sequential time intervals from the 4th to the 24th month. The conduction velocity was standardized for basal temperature of 35 degrees C and uninoculated mice were used as controls. Progressive changes were noted in conduction velocity from the 6th post inoculation month and correlated with the ultrastructural changes which were first observed at the 4th month. Fibre teasing showed predominent segmental demyelination. PMID- 6991816 TI - Intermittent rifampicin therapy in lepromatous leprosy. AB - A double blind trial involving intermittent administration of Rifampicin in addition to daily DDS has been undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy as also the potential dangers of such a regimen. Twenty untreated LL cases who were otherwise healthy were included in the study. Ten cases received weekly 900 mg Rifampicin for 6 weeks in addition to 100 mg daily DDS, while the rest were treated likewise but were given similar looking placebo capsules instead of RFP. A nine month follow-up, as also mouse foot pad results indicate that the efficacy of this regimen was found to be better than that with DDS alone and this compares favourably with trials involving 600 mg Rifampician administration daily. No major untoward side effects were encountered in the trial group thought the incidence of ENL was slightly higher in the trial group. PMID- 6991818 TI - A century of the Tennessee Medical Association. PMID- 6991817 TI - Chemoprophylaxis against leprosy with acedapsone. An interim report. PMID- 6991819 TI - George A. Zirkle, Jr., M.D. 92nd President--Tennessee Medical Association. PMID- 6991821 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia with and without watery diarrhea syndrome. AB - Two cases of pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia were obtained by operation. The first case exhibited adenocarcinoma of the stomach with metastases to the neck lymph nodes and pancreatic polypeptide hypersecretion. Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia was confirmed by the immunoperoxidase method and by the elevated level of pancreatic polypeptide in the pancreatic extracts and in the circulating blood. There was no watery diarrhea syndrome. The second case presented with persistent watery diarrhea of two and one-half year duration, and the resected pancreas contained extremely large atypical islets, exclusively composed of pancreatic polypeptide cells. It is speculated that in some cases pancreatic polypeptide oversecretion may be causative for pseudo-Verner-Morrison syndrome in the absence of ulcer of carcinoma in the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6991820 TI - Biliary excretion and intestinal metabolism of progesterone and estrogens in man. PMID- 6991822 TI - Treatment of breast cancer with oral four-drug chemotherapy. AB - Seventy patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer were treated with an oral drug regime of prednisone, cytomel, cytoxan, and methotrexate. One half of the cases (50%) had a response. There were complete remissions in 7%, partial remissions in 27%, and arrests in 16%. The median duration of remissions was 8+ months. There was no significant difference in response between patients with predominant visceral or bone disease nor between pre- and post-menopausal women. One third of non-hormonally responsive patients responded to this treatment. Side effects consisted predominantly of glucocorticoid changes, including cushinoid facies and weight gain. The program was relatively bone marrow sparing. This drug regime is very convenient and safe to give on an outpatient basis. PMID- 6991823 TI - Heart and kidney transplantation using total lymphoid irradiation and donor bone marrow in mongrel dogs. AB - Heart and kideny allografts showed markedly prolonged survival in unrelated mongrel dogs following total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and donor bone marrow without any other immunosuppression. In every animal the heart survived longer than the kidney; genetic disparity was ruled out, since the heart and kidney from the same donor were placed into one recipient. Placing the kidney allograft in the abdomen with the bone marrow given intraperitoneally doubled kidney survival over placement in the neck, but heart survival was equally prolonged in the abdomen or neck. Splenectomy before TLI or after TLI, but just before transplantation, almost completely eliminated the prolonged survival of both heart and kidney allografts. Thus there is suggestive evidence from the work of Slavin and his colleagues and from our study that TLI plus bone marrow from the donor may be valuable for transplantation in man, particularly heart transplantation. PMID- 6991824 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis. AB - The diagnosis, therapy, and complications of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in 48 patients seen between 1962 and 1978 are reviewed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and diphtheroids were the most common causes of both early and late PVE. These microorganisms were frequently resistant to the penicillins and cephalosporins but were uniformly sensitive to vancomycin. The mortality rate in this series was 69%, with 20% of the deaths attributed to central nervous system emboli and the remainder to cardiac causes. The mortality rate exceeded 75% in patients with any of the following findings: aortic valve infection, nonstreptococcal infecting microorganism, new or increased regurgitant murmurs, or significant congestive heart failure (CHF). The mortality rate was lowest in streptococcal PVE (29%) and in mitral valve PVE (49%). The unacceptably high mortality rate suggests that early replacement of infected prostheses should be considered in all patients except those with uncomplicated streptoccal or mitral valve PVE. PMID- 6991825 TI - Ventricular septal defect after acute myocardial infarction: Early repair. AB - Thirty-eight patients have been operated upon early after acute myocardial infarction with rupture of the ventricular septum. Preoperative management included bedside hemodynamic evaluation, mechanical left heart support, and pharmacologic agents. The results of the surgical repair reflected both the effectiveness and the duration of preoperative treatment. Operation was performed in 14 patients with refractory cardiogenic shock, 10 of whom died (71%). Hemodynamic and clinical stability was achieved in 24 patients. Early operation (average 46 hours of medical management) in 17 patients permitted accurate repair, even with friable tissues; four of these patients died (23%). Delayed operation (average 12 days of monoperative treatment) was performed in seven patients and resulted in a higher mortality rate, three patients dying (43%). The location of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) also influenced the operative risks, the prognosis for posterior defects being worse than that for anterior defects. Optimal myocardial preservation during the entire procedure is of crucial importance to the success of the operation. PMID- 6991827 TI - Diseases of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 6991828 TI - An exclusive profile/interview of Dr. Donald A. Henderson, dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 6991830 TI - Free state physicians who served the confederacy: Medical Doctors of Maryland in the CSA. by Daniel D. Hartzler. PMID- 6991829 TI - Pre-1933 history of gynecology in Maryland. Part 1. PMID- 6991826 TI - Glycosidases and proteases of alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from smokers and non-smokers. PMID- 6991831 TI - Trotula of salerno. PMID- 6991832 TI - Who watches the watchmen? PMID- 6991833 TI - Autoantibodies and the risk of death. AB - The prevalence of many autoantibodies increases with age. There is much circumstantial evidence from cross-sectional studies and a limited amount of more straightforward evidence from longitudinal studies suggesting that these autoantibodies act as a risk factor for death. The effector mechanisms as well as the relationship to established risk factors are unknown and little information is available on the genetics of autoimmune seroreactions as distinct from autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6991834 TI - New apparatus to immobilise the head of a mouse. PMID- 6991835 TI - Algorithm for detecting the first and the second heart sounds by spectral tracking. PMID- 6991836 TI - [Therapeutic progress in digestive oncology. VII--Local treatment of hepatic metastases]. PMID- 6991837 TI - [Islet cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - The existence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) strongly supports an autoimmune pathogenetic mechanism for insulin-dependent diabetes. ICA have been determined in a group of 205 diabetics with the following results: ICA were present in 76 percent of insulin-dependent diabetics with symptomatology lasting less than 8 weeks, in 20 percent of the remaining insulin-dependent diabetics, in 5 percent of non-insulin-dependent diabetics, and in 1 percent of the control subjects. Thyroid antimicrosome antibodies and antiparietal-cell antibodies were determined too, but no significant relationship was demonstrated in insulin-dependent diabetics with positive ICA. Under a clinical point of view the comparison between diabetics with and without ICA has been of no value for determining differential characteristics in relation to metabolic seriousness, epidemiological data, and complication rate. PMID- 6991838 TI - [Tobacco allergy--does it exist?]. PMID- 6991839 TI - [Quinidine-digoxin interaction-clinical therapy and pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 6991840 TI - Fibrinolytic enzyme in tracheobronchial secretion of rats: existence of plasminogen activator. AB - It is known that a plasminogen activator exists in the secretion of various organs, i.e., the existence of plasminogen activator in milk, tears, saliva, seminal fluids, urine and bile has been already demonstrated. However, the existence of the fibrinolytic enzyme in tracheobronchial secretions has not been known until this time. We found a new method to collect the tracheobronchial secretion of rats, and succeeded in detecting the fibrinolytic activity in the tracheobronchial secretions. Furthermore, it was found that the substance exhibiting the fibrinolytic activity in this secretion was not protease but plasminogen activator. In addition, some chemical properties of this plasminogen activator are presented, and the physiological and pathophysiological significances of it are discussed in this paper. PMID- 6991841 TI - Intermittent versus continuous stimulation: effect of time interval on the development of sensitization or tolerance. PMID- 6991842 TI - The possible significance of intracellular pH in insulin release. PMID- 6991843 TI - Biochemical evidence for simultaneous activation of multiple locus coeruleus efferents. PMID- 6991845 TI - The preparation of renal tissue for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6991844 TI - Dimethylurea: a radical scavenger that protects isolated pancreatic islets from the effects of alloxan and dihydroxyfumarate exposure. PMID- 6991846 TI - A method of preparing paraffin sections of skeletal muscle after frozen sectioning. PMID- 6991848 TI - [Bibliographic index of inventions in radioisotopic diagnosis and radiation therapy for the 1st half of 1979]. PMID- 6991847 TI - [On the 50th birthday of German Aleksandrovich Zubovskii]. PMID- 6991850 TI - [On the 50th birthday of Vladimir Zakharovich Agranat]. PMID- 6991849 TI - [On the 70th birthday of Mariia Alekseevna Volkova]. PMID- 6991851 TI - [Treatment of lepromatous Hansen disease with a rifampicine-isoprodian association (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty lepromatous patients were treated during 3 months. If clinical condition was notably improved, the bacillary index and the morphologic index remained almost un-changed and the histo-pathological features, advanced concurrently to the clinic aspects. PMID- 6991852 TI - [Synthetic adrenalin - the hard road to the first hormone synthesis]. PMID- 6991853 TI - [Obesity and social situation II]. PMID- 6991854 TI - [Changes in the interpretation of Holderlin's disease. Was Holderlin schizophrenic?]. PMID- 6991855 TI - Effect of experimental potassium deficiency on glucose and insulin metabolism. PMID- 6991856 TI - Substrate, hormone, and temperature responses in males and females to a common breakfast. AB - To evaluate the response to a mixed meal we studied oral temperature, metabolite, and hormonal responses to a common American breakfast containing 11 kcal/kg body weight (carbohydrate 43%, fat 42%, and protein 15%) in 12 normal volunteers (6 males and 6 females). There was a significant rise in oral temperature during the postcibal period. This change in oral temperature did not depend upon food consumption in males but was meal-dependent in females. Food ingestion caused increases in the peripheral circulating concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids and reciprocal decreases in the concentrations of free fatty acids, glycerol, and urea nitrogen. Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased during the postcibal period but the changes were not statistically significant. Although peripheral venous serum insulin and plasma glucagon concentrations were indistinguishable between the sexes, males had higher concentrations of plasma triglycerides, plasma amino acids, and serum urea nitrogen. Peripheral venous plasma somatostatin and secretin remained unchanged, but pancreatic polypeptide hormone showed a large biphasic response to the meal. After breakfast the blood glucose concentration tended to be greater in males than in females and this difference was significant at 60 and 120 min postcibal. Furthermore, every female had a 120 min postcibal glucose concentration that was lower than her basal fasting glucose concentration. This suggests that postcibal glucose concentrations should be related to gender in making the diagnosis of carbohydrate intolerance or reactive hypoglycemia. PMID- 6991857 TI - Enhanced plasma norepinephrine response to upright posture and oral glucose administration in elderly human subjects. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in response to upright posture and to oral glucose ingestion were measured in healthy young and old (greater than 65 yr of age) subjects. Peak plasma NE concentrations with standing were higher in the elderly (1334 +/- 146 pg/ml versus 855 +/- 46; p less than 0.05) and plasma NE remained elevated in the elderly compared with the young subjects even after 15 min of recumbent resting. Following oral glucose plasma NE rose higher in the elderly (79% compared with 32% in the young) and peaked later (120 min after ingestion compared with 60 min in the young). Cardiovascular changes with upright posture and with oral glucose were similar in young and old. Alterations in disappearance of NE from the circulation could not account for the greater elevations in plasma NE concentration in the elderly either, since the rates of fall in circulating NE levels following termination of an NE infusion were the same in both groups. The metabolic clearance rate of NE was unchanged. Thus, the plasma NE responses to stimulation by standing and by oral glucose ingestion are enhanced in elderly subjects. PMID- 6991858 TI - Blunted muscle responsiveness to insulin in the neonatal rat. PMID- 6991859 TI - Paradoxic elevation of serum growth hormone levels after splenectomy and/or paraesophagogastric devascularization in patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 6991860 TI - Decline of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase in acromegalic patients. AB - Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in postheparin plasma were measured in seven patients with active acromegaly by an immunochemical method utilizing antiserum prepared against hepatic triglyceride lipase. A mild or moderate hypertriglyceridemia was shown, with plasma triglyceride concentrations between 156 and 544 mg/dl. Lipoprotein lipase was found to be decreased in all patients (p less than 0.001). Hepatic triglyceride lipase was also low in these patients (p less than 0.001). We speculate that acromegalic hypertriglyceridemia is mediated, at least in part, by the decline in lipoprotein lipase and possibly by the decline in hepatic triglyceride lipase activities. PMID- 6991861 TI - Metabolism, 45Ca uptake and insulin releasing capacities of glucose and mannose. AB - A detailed dose-response study relating mannose and glucose oxidation with the induction of 45Ca uptake and insulin release was performed using in vitro incubation of collagenase digested rat islets of Langerhans. The threshold value for 14C-U-D-glucose oxidation, glucose-stimulation of 45Ca uptake, and insulin release was about 5.5 mM. The half maximal response for these 3 parameters occurred at 13.4 mM, 11.6 mM, and 12.2 mM, respectively. Their maximal responses were obtained at approximately 20 mM. The threshold level for mannose oxidation, induction of 45Ca uptake and insulin release was about 11.0 mM, with half maximal responses obtained at 24.6 mM, 20.5 mM, and 22.2 mM, respectively. The maximum response of the 3 parameters to mannose was obtained at 38.8 mM and appeared to reach the same level obtained for glucose. These results suggest that hexose degradation has a significant role in controlling Ca uptake and subsequent insulin release. A lower rate of mannose oxidation appeared to account for its weaker stimulating efficacy for Ca uptake and insulin release. PMID- 6991864 TI - Recombinagenic and mutagenic effects of sunlamp (UV-B) irradiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Genetic effects of pyrex-filtered sunlamp irradiation (primarily UV-B, lambda approximately 280-320 nm which is present in natural sunlight) were studied in diploid and haploid yeast strains designed to monitor the incidence of mitotic crossing over, mitotic gene conversion and mutations. Exposure to UV-B was found to be very effective in inducing all three types of genetic endpoints. These effects could be observed even after UV-B treatments resulting in no cellular inactivation. Comparative studies using filtered sunlamp radiation and germicidal UV radiation (lambda approximately 254 nm) indicated that, at an equivalent survival level (including exposures causing little or no cell death), UV-B induced more gene convertants and that the kinetics of mutations induced by the two lights are demonstrably different. PMID- 6991862 TI - Inhibition of insulin binding by concanavalin-A. AB - Prolonged incubation of IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells with concanavalin-A (Con-A) reduces insulin binding at concentrations of the lectin that neither agglutinate cells nor acutely inhibit insulin binding. Scatchard plot analysis suggested that Con-A treatment reduces insulin receptor number. Con-A-induced reduction in insulin binding resembles insulin "down regulation" in the time required for appearance and reversal of the binding alteration. The effect of Con-A on insulin binding was inhibited when the sugar alpha-methyl mannoside was incorporated into the incubation medium at the same time as Con-A. Even when the sugar was added after hours of Con-A exposure, the depressed insulin binding was reversed proportional to the reduction of Con-A binding to the cells by the sugar. This latter observation suggests steric hindrance as the mechanism for Con-A-induced reduction in insulin binding. The slow association rate of Con-A to the cells under the conditions of the experiments probably explains the prolonged exposure time to Con-A required for inhibition of insulin binding. Additional support for steric hindrance was observed in experiments in which insulin was "trapped" on cells after exposure to Con-A. Bivalent succinyl Con-A was only 10% as effective as the natural tetravalent lectin in reducing insulin binding. Cytoskeleton and protein synthesis inhibitors failed to alter the Con-A-induced reduction in insulin binding. PMID- 6991863 TI - High efficiency temperature-sensitive amber suppressor strains of Escherichia coli K12: isolation of strains with suppressor-enhancing mutations. AB - Two independent high efficiency ts amber suppressor strains have been isolated as derivatives of a well-characterized supD ts suppressor strain (Oeschger and Woods, 1976). The mutations which raise suppressor activity have been shown by Hfr mapping to be distinct from each other and the supD locus. One of the isolates provides up to 100% efficient suppressor activity at low temperatures. PMID- 6991866 TI - Analysis of rho mutability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Role of the mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 6991865 TI - Analysis of rho mutability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Effects of mmc and pet ts alleles. AB - Two additional types of nuclear determinants involved in the control of spontaneous mutability of rho in S. cerevisiae have been identified: mmc and the pet-ts 1, 2, 10, 52 and 53 genes. These genes in their mutated recessive form increase at various extents the number of respiratory deficient cytoplasmic "petite" mutants accumulated. The gene mmc does not affect the respiratory activity and is not temperature-dependent whereas the pet-ts genes determine at the non permissive temperature a respiratory deficient phenotypes even if they affect the mutability of rho at the permissive and at the non permissive temperature. The data here reported suggest that a "replicative complex" exists for the mitochondrial DNA. It is in the purpose of this paper to deal with the relative contribution that mmc and pet-ts gene products have in ensuring the fidelity of this "replicative complex". PMID- 6991867 TI - A temperature-sensitive mutant in prolinyl-tRNA ligase of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutant with a defective prolinyl-tRNA ligase has been found in a collection of spontaneous temperature-sensitive mutants. The mutated gene, which is designated proS, is closely linked to metD. PMID- 6991868 TI - Isolation and characterization of context mutations affecting the suppressibility of nonsense mutations. AB - Secondary mutations which increase the efficiency of suppression of nonsense mutations in the rIIB cistron of bacteriophage T4 have been isolated. These secondary mutations, called context mutations, map at sites very close to the nonsense codon, possibly on the promotor distal side. In context-nonsense double mutants, the amount of suppressed gene product is increased approximately 10 fold. The context mutations examined can act on the UAA (ochre) nonsense allele as well as on the UAG (amber) nonsense allele at a given site. These context mutations affect all suppression mechanisms analyzed (genetic suppressors, 5 fluorouracil suppression and spontaneous suppression). We suggest that context mutations affect information which is significant to the termination of polypeptide chains. According to our view, context mutations change the immediate neighborhood of nonsense mutations and so reduce the degree of resemblance to the sequences normally used for the termination of translation. PMID- 6991869 TI - Inducible sfi dependent division inhibition in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6991870 TI - Ribosomal protein modification in Escherichia coli. II. Studies of a mutant lacking the N-terminal acetylation of protein S18. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 has been isolated which shows an alteration in the ribosomal protein S18. Genetic analyses have revealed that the mutation causing this alteration maps at 99.3 min of the E. coli genetic map, between dnaC and deo. This indicated that the mutation has occurred in a gene different from the structural gene for this protein which has been located at 94 min. From the N terminal amino acid sequence analysis it is concluded that the mutation has resulted in loss of the N-terminal acetyl group of this protein. The gene which is affected in this mutant is termed rimI that most likely specifies an enzyme acetylating the N-terminal alanine of protein S18. The mutation does not affect the acetylation of two other ribosomal proteins, S5 and L12, both of which are known to be acetylated in wild-type E. coli K12. PMID- 6991872 TI - Recessive nonsense-suppression in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the study of 80 S ribosomes accumulated in suppressor strain under non-permissive conditions. AB - The shift of recessive suppressor mutant of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from permissive to restrictive conditions is accompanied by polysome decay and accumulation of 80 S ribosomes (Smirnov et al., 1976). In this paper some properties of 80 S ribosomes are studied. It is demonstrated that polysome decay under non-permissive conditions is not the consequence of the impairment of RNA synthesis. More than 70% of 80 S ribosomes accumulated under non-permissive conditions contain bound peptidyl-tRNAs localized in P-ribosomal site. tRNA moiety of bound peptidyl-tRNA is able to accept all 20 natural amino acids after chemical deacylation. Therefore it is not a specific isoacceptor species but rather total tRNA that is bound to ribosomes. The polypeptide residues of these peptidyl-tRNAs are heterogeneous in size. Their molecular weights are comparable with the molecular weights of the completed polypeptides. Some of the 80 S ribosomes accumulated under non-permissive conditions contain poly-A+ RNA. In conclusion, possible mechanism of the impairment of translation under non permissive conditions in recessive suppressor strain is discussed. PMID- 6991871 TI - The role of umuC gene product in mutagenesis by simple alkylating agents. AB - This paper describes studies to determine the role of the umuC gene product in the process of alkylation induced mutagenesis. An active umuC gene is necessary for most MMS induced mutagenesis but it is not essential for EMS nor for MNNG induced mutagenesis in either normal or adapted cultures. In this respect the umuC mutation differs from lexA mutations which have a striking effect on MNNG induced mutagenesis (Schendel, et al., 1978). These findings have prompted a re evaluation of these previously published data and the advancement of an hypothesis which explains the lexA effect without evoking a role for error-prone repair in the process of alkylation induced mutagenesis. It was also observed that exposure to MNNG is capable of generating a small amount of W-reactivation and W-mutagenesis capacity in a umuC strain which is totally blocked for UV induced reactivation. In light of this result a possible function for the umuC gene product is discussed. PMID- 6991873 TI - Genes affecting the major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K-12: mutations at nmpA and nmpB. PMID- 6991875 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of distinct transport systems for uracil, uridine and cytidine in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6991874 TI - Transcription termination factor rho and T-even phage development. AB - A functional factor rho is necessary for T-even phage development; phages T2 and T4 require different degrees of rho activity. The rho inactivation by ts mutations in E. coli causes a reduction of some early protein synthesis and an early formation of some proteins normally typical of a later stage. Besides, it weakens the synthesis of some late proteins, impairs the capsid proteins maturation and sharply inhibits phage DNA replication in infected cells. However, in the absence of a functional rho all the proteins required for phage DNA synthesis the formed, indicating that this factor is directly involved in the process of T-even phage DNA replication. A number of rifampicin-resistant mutations supressing the rho 15 mutation and restoring the ability of cells to grow at high temperature were isolated. However these RNA polymerase mutations do not or only partially suppress the effect of rho mutations on T-even phage development and the phage DNA synthesis. The role of rho in DNA transcription and replication during bacteriophage development is discussed. PMID- 6991876 TI - Mutation frequency decline in a rel strain of E. coli coli B/r. AB - Mutation frequency decline (MFD) occurs among certain suppressor mutations induced by UV irradiation of E. coli. When irradiated bacteria are incubated in conditions less than optimal for protein synthesis prior to plating, a large majority of the potential mutants are rapidly lost. For several years the belief has existed that MFD results because stringent control of transcription at tRNA genes may influence excision repair of premutational photoproducts at these sites. We have constructed a rel mutant of E. coli B/r strain WU3610, verified that it has a typical phenotype of a relaxed strain in terms of RNA and ppGpp synthesis, and measured MFD. The kinetics of MFD were the same in WU3610 and WU3610 rel. Thus stringent control is not essential to MFD and there is no reason to believe that moderation of transcription at tRNA genes is integral to the MFD mechanism. PMID- 6991877 TI - Identification of the repressor and repressor bypass (antirepressor) polypeptides of bacteriophage P1 synthesized in infected minicells. AB - P1 infected minicells synthesize approximately 50 phage-encoded polypeptides. Phage expression is temporally controlled, demonstrating phage polypeptides synthesized both early and late after infection. The P1 repressor, gpcl1 (Mr = 33,000), repressor bypass polypeptide, gpreb A (Mr = 27,500) and cistron 10 product, (gp10) (Mr = 64,000), have been identified by infection of minicells with P1 amber mutants. The beta-lactamase gene product (gpbla) carried by the closely related P7 and the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase gene product (gpcat) carried by P1 Cm (in Tn9) have been demonstrated. Infection of minicells by P1virs or P1c4 mutants results in increased synthesis of gpreb A and a second polypeptide designated gpreb B (Mr = 40,000). The P1vir11 mutation leads to increased synthesis of a small polypeptide (Mr = 3,500) but does not affect the amount of gpc1 synthesized. PMID- 6991878 TI - Curing of Escherichia coli K12 plasmids by coumermycin. AB - Low concentrations of the antibiotic coumermycin A1, the inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase, effectively eliminate pBR322, pMB9 and other ColE 1 related plasmids from E. coli K12 strains. The curing action of antibiotic seems to result from the plasmid degradation and not just from the inhibition of replication. PMID- 6991879 TI - Restriction in vivo. V. Introduction of SOS functions in Escherichia coli by restricted T4 phage DNA, and alleviation of restriction by SOS functions. AB - Degradation products of restricted T4 DNA induced filamentation, mutagenesis, and to a lesser extent, synthesis of recA protein in wild type cells but not in recA, lexA or recBC mutants of Escherichia coli. We conclude that the structural damage to the DNA caused by restriction cleavage and exonuclease V degradation can induce SOS functions. Degradation of restricted nonglycosylated T4 DNA by exonuclease V delayed cell division and induced filament formation and mutagenesis in lexA+ but not in lexA- cells. Delay of cell division was also dependent upon recA and recBC functions. Such degradation of DNA also dramatically increased mutagenesis in tif- Sfi- cells at 42 degrees. The synthesis of recA protein continued in the restricting host after infection by the monglucosylated T4 phage, but enhanced synthesis is not induced to the extent seen in SOS induced tif- cells grown at 42 degrees. We also found that restriction of nonglycosylated T4 was alleviated in UV irradiated cells. The UV induced alleviation of rgl and rK restriction depended upon post irradiation protein synthesis and was not observed in recA, lexA or recBC mutants. PMID- 6991880 TI - Functional homology of fla genes between Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. PMID- 6991881 TI - The metabolic properties of acid soluble polyphosphates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Tripolyphosphate was found to be the predominant species of soluble polyphosphate in yeast. Evidence is presented which shows that under normal growth conditions tripolyphosphate had little or no turnover. The amounts of the various polyphosphates decreased as the chain length increased. Tetrapolyphosphate was shown to be synthesized more rapidly than tripolyphosphate. These observations suggest that short chain polyphosphates arise by degradation of longer chain length polyphosphates with tripolyphosphate the ultimate degradation product. During nitrogen starvation, the normal accumulation of tripolyphosphate rapidly ceased even though the cells continued normal growth for at least two hours. After the addition of L-amino acids or (NH4)2SO4 to nitrogen starved cells, there was a dramatic increase in the accumulation of tripolyphosphate and tetrapolyphosphate which occurred at the same time as the increase in growth rate. Implications of this result are discussed in terms of possible functions of polyphosphate. PMID- 6991882 TI - Further physical characterization of deletion and substitution mutants affecting the control of lysogeny in bacteriophage P2. AB - A deletion of phage P2, del6 (L.E. Bertani, 1980), thought to remove the structural gene int, and a deletion/substitution, vir94, thought to remove genes int, C and cox, were mapped by electron microscopy, using the heteroduplex technique. Four independent deletion/substitution mutations, all affecting the regulatory region of P2, were compared in all possible combinations with the same technique: two showed sequence homology in their substitution DNA. The results confirm the model proposed for the origin of these mutants, analogous to that for the origin of transducing variants in phage lambda, but suggest in first approximation that the exchange between the P2 DNA and the chromosome of the host bacterium may occur at several different bacterial sites. A map of the regulatory region of P2, based on all data available from the study of deletions and insertions, is presented. PMID- 6991883 TI - Replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome: the size and structure of the minimum DNA segment carrying the information for autonomous replication. AB - A DNA fragment containing the replication origin of the Eschericia coli K-12 chromosome was inserted in two correlations at either the BamHI or SalI site of pBR322 DNA. All the resulting hybrid plasmids were found to replicate in both polA and polA+ cells, whereas pBR322 replicates only in polA+ cells. This characteristic provided a method for assaying the autonomously replicating ability (Ori function of the E. coli origin. In order to define the minimum DNA region (ori) that determines Ori function, deletions of various sizes were introduced from either side of the ori-containing segment in the hybrid plasmids by in vitro techniques, and the correlation between the Ori phenotype and nucleotide sequence of the deletion derivatives was analyzed. It was found that the left end of ori is between positions 23 and 35, and the right end is either position 266 or 267 in our nucleotide coordinate (Sugimoto et al., 1979). Therefore, ori is present within a region of minimum 232 base pairs and maximum 245 base pairs in length. The Ori+ and Ori- phenotypes were clearly resolved at both sides of these boundaries by the above assay procedure. To obtain information about the effect of mutations in the internal region of the defined ori stretch, short sequences were inserted or deleted in vitro in the vicinity of several restriction sites within ori on the hybrid plasmids. Most of these plasmids carrying modified sequences showed Ori- phenotype, suggesting that most parts of the ori stretch play important roles in Ori function. PMID- 6991884 TI - Genetic interaction between the nip1 mutation and genes affecting integration and excision in phage P2. PMID- 6991885 TI - Regulation of microcirculation in the brain. PMID- 6991886 TI - Adjuvant action of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on antibody response. VIII. Its effect on the size and the number of cells of regional lymph node and other lymphoid organs. AB - Changes in the number of cells and the weight of various lymphoid organs of mice, such as the regional lymph node (right inguinal node), spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and peripheral blood, were followed after the subcutaneous injection of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K). For comparison, the changes after injection of various polyclonal lymphocyte activators (PLA) including various preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were concurrently studied. The number of cells of all of the lymphoid organs tested and that of nucleated cells in the peripheral blood decreased significantly within a few days after injection of CPS-K, and increased later. Above all, the increase in the number of cells and in the weight of the regional lymph node was most prominent (about 10 times larger than that of the normal control). Such a marked increase in the number of cells of the regional lymph node was not induced by the injection of any preparation of LPS or any other PLA tested. The initial decrease in the number of cells after CPS-K injection was most marked and long lasting in the thymus. Although LPS prepared by Westphal's method from Escherichia coli 055 or Salmonella enteritidis exhibited a stronger decreasing effect on the number of cells of the thymus, the effect of LPS prepared by Westphal's method from E. coli O111 or that by Boivin's method from E. coli O55 was similar to that of CPS-K. It is concluded therefore that CPS-K has the ability to decrease the number of cells of various lymphoid organs, especially that of the thymus, initially after injection, which is a property in common with LPS, and CPS-K has a unique ability to increase markedly the cells of various lymphoid organs, especially those of the regional lymph node, at later stages after injection. Considering that CPS-K exhibits a much stronger adjuvant effect on the antibody response than does LPS or other polyclonal lymphocyte activators, it is suggested that this extraordinarily potent activity of CPS-K in increasing the number of cells of the regional lymph node is closely related to its strong adjuvant action. PMID- 6991888 TI - Health visiting 1850-1900: a review. PMID- 6991887 TI - Different patterns of drug resistance and R plasmids between indole-positive and negative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 6991889 TI - Spina bifida. PMID- 6991890 TI - [Importance of Shigella virulence in the formation of an immune response in dysentery]. PMID- 6991891 TI - [Selection of the methods for isolating the proteolytic enzymatic complex from Bacillus mesenterious 316m in stab culture]. PMID- 6991892 TI - [Vladimir Aleksandrovich Barykin (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6991893 TI - [In memoriam Taisiia Arsen'evna Lobova]. PMID- 6991894 TI - Micro computer control of a video cassette lecture. AB - Circuits have been developed to allow the presentation of a video cassette lecture to be controlled by an inexpensive micro computer. The potential of both video cassette lecture and standard computer assisted learning techniques is extended, resulting in increased interaction between the student and the teaching material presented to him. PMID- 6991895 TI - Cancer diagnostic test of Field and Caspary: Part I. Spontaneous aggregation of lymphocytes in saline suspension is blocked by albumin and histone in normals but not in various disease states: the lymphocyte aggregation blocking test. AB - A blood test is described which is often positive in diverse disease states. In this test washed patient lymphocytes are incubated with histone or albumin. Early aggregation indicates that the patient might have inflammatory, malignant, or other disease, while absence of aggregation is the pattern found in normals. The test is called the lymphocyte aggregation blocking (LAB) test. Positive results when testing cancer patients were 86%, normals 14%, and non-malignant hospitalized patients were 50%. Lymphocyte aggregation was not an active process mediated by added protein. All washed lymphocyte suspensions will aggregate in the test conditions, whether, from normals, cancer or non-cancer patients if no protein is added. Normals' lymphocyte suspensions are prevented from aggregating by the added histone or albumin. PMID- 6991896 TI - Reviving resuscitation: 1900--present. PMID- 6991897 TI - Antibody levels in mothers colonised with group B streptococci during pregnancy and in their newborn infants, as measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure serum antibodies to group B streptococci in 20 healthy pregnant women before delivery and in their newborn infants. The sera from 10 of these women who were colonised with group B streptococci and umbilical cord sera from their infants, had higher levels of type-specific IgG antibody than the 10 non-colonised controls and their neonates. All the babies remained well. The results demonstrate that infants from colonised mothers receive type-specific antibody. The possibility that this antibody may provide some degree of protection at birth against this potentially lethal organism warrants investigation. PMID- 6991899 TI - Modified hospital pumps for pulsed insulin delivery. AB - Two standard hospital pumps have been modified to provide bimodal insulin delivery for use as "open loop+ artificial beta cells. The units have been designed to deliver both a low infusion basal rate of insulin for glycemic control during a fasting state in diabetics and a high infusion rate in response to a meal challenge. The basal rate can be varied in steps of 0;2 milliliter per hour from roughly one to three milliliters per hour. The higher infusion rate can be 10 to 20 times the basal rate in steps of two milliliter per hour with an automatic return to the basal rate after a 1- to 99-minute programmable interval. The burst rate is initiated manually at the start of a meal. Displays and monitors are available to indicate the basal and high delivery rates and times. The units have been used for intravenous and intraperitoneal insulin delivery in animals and diabetic patients. There is an improvement in glycemic control and normalization of plasma-free insulin levels in juvenile-onset diabetics treated with this pulsed mode of insulin delivery. The variation in pumping rates provides flexibility in treatment of a variety of glycemic challenges. PMID- 6991898 TI - Diagnosis of pre- and postnatal rubella by demonstration of specific IgM-class antibodies by a microplate immunofluorescence test. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence technique employing rubella virus infected SIRC cells grown in flat-bottomed plastic plates is described for the detection of specific IgM-class rubella antibodies in serum fractions obtained by sucrose density ultracentrifugation. The results were read by means of a fluorescence microscope with an incident light illuminator. A total of 176 serum specimens from five groups of patients were used for determination of the specificity and sensitivity of the test. The technique proved to be less time consuming and in addition to be more sensitive than the hemagglutination-inhibition method for the detection of rubella IgM-class antibodies. PMID- 6991902 TI - [Psychological and relational aspects of diabetes appearing early in the preschool age]. PMID- 6991903 TI - [Continuous transpulmonary pressure. Principles and practical uses in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6991904 TI - [New therapeutic prospects in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6991905 TI - "The General"--a history of Hennepin County Medical Center. Part II. PMID- 6991907 TI - Reflections on life's odyssey for medical school graduates. PMID- 6991906 TI - Hypothesis to explain the emergence of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborns. PMID- 6991900 TI - Control of antibiotic biosynthesis. PMID- 6991908 TI - The Osler Medical Historical Society. Mayo Foundation "Chapter," August 28, 1920 July 3, 1925. PMID- 6991909 TI - Body ultrasonography: an amplification. PMID- 6991901 TI - Pathogenicity of influenza virus. PMID- 6991910 TI - Insulin-lecithin interaction in non-aqueous solvents and its change after application of a static electric field. AB - The interaction between dipalmitoyl lecithin and egg lecithin with insulin was studied in a non-aqueous solvent such as dioxane-chloroform (1:1) by dielectric constant measurements and absorption spectra. The electrostatic character of the interaction results from the dielectric measurements and the effect of an external application of a static electric field (F = 30 kV/cm) is apparently related to the strength of such an interaction. The different strength of interaction of insulin with the two types of lecithins results also from experiments with a two-phase system. PMID- 6991911 TI - On the origin and mode of action of functionally distinct macrophage subpopulations. PMID- 6991914 TI - Involvement of the L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway in azide-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - L-Cystine and L-cysteine specifically reverse the mutagenic action of azide in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. To establish whether the L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway is involved in azide-induced mutagenesis, several derivatives of a mutagen tester-strain of S. typhimurium bearing mutations in different cys genes were isolated. No mutagenic effect of azide was observed in a strain carrying mutation in the cysE gene, unless the incubation medium was supplemented with exogenous O-acetylserine. Our of 16 cysK mutants 14 were mutagenized by azide very poorly or not at all. These results indicate that the activity of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase A, and the availability of O acetylserine, one of the two co-substrates of the enzyme, are essential for the mutagenic action of azide in S. typhimurium. PMID- 6991915 TI - Glutathione and glutathione S-transferases in the Salmonella mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. AB - Levels of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione S transferases were investigated in S9 fractions of rats and mice and in Salmonella typhymurium tester strains TA1535, TA100, TA1538 and TA98. The S9 and Salmonella typhimurium tester strains had high levels of glutathione. Compared with S9, the activity of GSH S-transferases was lower in the bacteria. However, electrophiles such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), diethyl maleate and styrene oxide were effectively bound to bacterial GSH. The mutagenicity of the direct mutagen CDNB was drastically lowered in presence of S9 fractions but not in presence of microsomes. A comparable decrease was obtained when microsomal supernatant, which contains GSH and GSH S-transferases, was added to the microsomes. Addition of GSH in excess completely abolished mutagenicity of CDNB. These results demonstrate that the conjugation of electrophiles with GSH mediated by the S9 fraction or the bacterial tester strains represents an important detoxication mechanism which may influence the results obtained with the Salmonella typhimurium mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. PMID- 6991913 TI - [Genome of influenza virus: organization, function, evolution]. AB - Basic features of influenza virus genome structure, replication and evolution are reviewed with a special emphasis upon the segmentary structure of the genome and the use of cell mRNA as primer in virus-specific transcription. The structural and functional autonomy of virus genomic segments and the selection of the segments in the process of viral genome assembly is considered to be the basis for the gene reassortment and the appearance of recombinants. The reassortment of genes is discussed in relation to the nature of "new" antigenic subtypes of human influenza A virus, that is, to the orivin of antigenic shifts and pandemic strains. Another kind of antigenic variation (antigenic drift) is produced by the accumulation of mutations under the conditions of selection pressure in an immune population. Together with the conservation of earlier antigenic subtypes in animal populations these two types of evolutionary changes produce a complex pattern of influenza virus evolution. The prospects of influenza control are briefly discussed in connection with the characteristics of influenza virus genome structure and evolution. PMID- 6991916 TI - The activity of S9-liver fractions from seven species in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. PMID- 6991912 TI - Proline specific endo- and exopeptidases. AB - Peptidases which are specific for proline residues have been described and include endopeptidases (post-proline cleaving enzyme and proline specific endopeptidase), N-terminal exopeptidases (post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, proline iminopeptidase, aminopeptidase P), C-terminal exopeptidases (prolylcarboxypeptidase, and carboxypeptidase P) and dipeptidases (prolyl dipeptidase and proline dipeptidase). The properties, distinguishing charcteristics, and possible significance of these proline specific endo- and exopeptidases are discussed. In addition, reference is made to a series of enzymes which can hydrolyze proline containing peptide bonds, but which are not specific for proline. PMID- 6991917 TI - Whole-mammal mutagenicity tests: evaluation of five methods. AB - Transmitted genetic changes in mammals can be used to study all of the main endpoints of mutagenesis: point mutations, chromosome breakage, with or without rearrangement, and chromosome nondisjunction. Four methods most commonly employed in whole-mammal germ-line mutagenicity tests as well as an in vivo somatic prescreen, are summarized. Genetic basis, historical background, description of the test, limitations, and strengths are presented for each of the five systems. The specific-locus test using visible markers is the most reliable and practical method for detecting heritable point mutations, including small deficiencies, and does not require very large numbers of animals for risk extrapolations, if a relatively high dose can be administered without killing germ cells. For the detection of chromosome-breakage events, dominant lethals are useful to determine relative sensitivities of different germ-cell stages of the male, but the heritable-translocation test is more sensitive when the exposed cells are male meiotic and postmeiotic stages. Chromosome breakage events in the female are best revealed through a sex-chromosome loss test, which utilizes genetically marked X chromosomes. The same method can also be employed to detect nondisjunction in either sex. The in vivo somatic mutation test is useful as a prescreen for both point mutations and losses of chromosomal material. The reliability and efficiency of whole-mammal mutagenicity tests must be considered in two contexts: in the assessment of mutagenicity per se (as this applies to genetic changes transmitted to future generations), and in the use of mutagenicity as a possible indicator of carcinogenicity. In the former context, the whole-mammal tests are irreplaceable because they provide the closest practicable approach to the metabolic pathways existing in man, and because there is no array of lower-system tests that can predict the complexity of the response of the different mammalian germ-cell stages (which differ greatly with respect both to their absolute and their relative sensitivities to the induction of various genetic endpoints). In the second context, i.e., the use of mutagenicity as a screen for carcinogenicity in the exposed individual, most of the whole-mammal tests are of more limited utility, because they require several weeks or months for completion. Of the methods discussed, the spot test appears most suitable, because it provides a relatively rapid in vivo system capable of detecting both gene mutations and chromosomal changes of various kinds in somatic cells, including some that have been suggested to be involved in tumor promotion. PMID- 6991919 TI - Mutagenicity of several pancreatic carcinogenic derivatives of N nitrosodipropylamine in the Ames assay. AB - The mutagenic activity of several N-nitrosamines related to the potent hamster pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) has been investigated using the Ames Salmonella/microsomal mutagenicity test system. S9 from the livers of phenobarbital-pretreated hamsters was the source of activating enzyme, and strain TA1530 was the indicator organism. Mutagenicity assays of BOP, N-nitroso(2 hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (NDMM) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NM) indicate that only HPOP was strongly mutagenic in the absence of the hamster liver preparation. In the presence of this activation system, NDMM was the most mutagenic, and cis NDMM was 2-3 times more mutagenic than the trans isomer of this compound. BOP and BHP were considerably less mutagenic than HPOP. PMID- 6991918 TI - A new mutagenic and genotoxic response of the flame retardant tris(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate. Activation by singlet oxygen. AB - Illumination of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate with visible light in the presence of riboflavin resulted in the formation of a stable product with greatly enhanced genetic and DNA-modifying activities. Because illumination of riboflavin results in the formation of short-lived singlet oxygen, it is assumed that the mutagenic and genotoxic chemical results from a reaction between the flame retardant and singlet oxygen. Since the polluted urban atmosphere is conducive to the generation of this species of oxygen, the present results may, therefore, be relevant to an assessment of the health hazard posed by such an environment. PMID- 6991920 TI - Kinetics of benzo[a]pyrene induced mutagenesis in a highly sensitive salmonella/microsome assay. AB - The kinetics of benzo[a]pyrene induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied using a liquid-phase assay and were compared to kinetics of metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in the same system. Mutagenesis was terminated by the addition of pyrene + menadione at selected times. Under conditions of the assay using hepatic microsomes from 3-methyl-cholanthrene pretreated rats, metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene was over 50% complete in 5 min, and metabolism of initial metabolites became appreciable after this time. The revertant frequency (revertants/10(8) survivors) and the production of tertiary metabolites increased sharply after 5 min and leveled off at 40 min. PMID- 6991921 TI - Mutagenicity of nifurtimox in Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of nifurtimox, a nitrofuran derivative, on killing and mutation induction in 3 Escherichia coli strains having different DNA-repair systems for UV lesion were studied and compared with the effects of furylfuramide. Nifurtimox induces mutations at a high frequency in both Hs3OR (uvrA-) and H/r30R (radiation resistant), although no significant killing effect is detected with Hs30R. No significantly induced mutation frequency could be detected with NG30 (recA-), which is very sensitive to killing by nifurtimox. The characteristics of lesions of DNA induced by nifurtimox and the mechanism of mutation induction in Hs30R are discussed. PMID- 6991923 TI - Activation of liver microsomes by 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. PMID- 6991922 TI - Perylene is a more potent mutagen than benzo[a]pyrene for S. typhimurium. PMID- 6991924 TI - Mutagenicity of fly ash from a fluidized-bed combuster during start-up and steady operating conditions. PMID- 6991925 TI - A bactericidal activity of microsomal preparations. AB - Exposure of suspension of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 to mouse hepatic post-mitochondrial supernatants (S9) resulted in appreciable loss of bacterial viability. This lethal activity was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The toxic component of the S9 has not been identified. PMID- 6991926 TI - The comparative mutagenicities of hydrazine and its mono- and di-methyl derivatives in bacterial test systems. AB - The mutagenic properties of hydrazine and its mono- and di-methyl derivatives were compared by direct microbial tests with the tryptophan auxotroph Escherichia coli as indicator organism. The methyl- and dimethyl-hydrazine were also tested with metabolic activation both by the Ames plate test and by the host-mediated assay with the histidine auxotroph Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. Only hydrazine and methylhydrazine were mutagenic in direct tests, hydrazine being a far more potent mutagen that methylhydrazine. Neither methylhydrazine nor dimethylhydrazines gave positive results in the Ames tests. In host-mediated assays, symmetrical dimethylhydrazine was clearly mutagenic, whereas methylhydrazine showed marginal mutagenic activity, and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was negative. Evidently the mutagenic actions of different hydrazine derivatives, though these compounds are chemically closely related, depend on different reaction mechanisms. PMID- 6991927 TI - Structure-activity relationship within a series of m-diaminobenzene derivatives. AB - We investigated the mutagenicity of m-diaminobenzene (m-phenylenediamine) and four 2,4-diaminoalkylbenzenes (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl) in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1538 and TA98 in the absence and presence of S9 induced by Acoclor 1254. m-Diaminobenzene was the most active mutagen, followed by 2,4-diaminotoluene and 2,4-diaminoethylbenzene, resp. Negative response was observed for both 2,4-diaminoisopropylbenzene and 2,4-diamino-n butylbenzene. Thus, depending on the size of the substituting alkyl group at the C1 position of 2,4-diaminoalkylbenzene, a decline and loss of mutagenic activity was observed. PMID- 6991928 TI - Mutagens produced by Alternaria alternata. AB - Alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and tenuazonic acid, metabolites present in Alternaria alternata cultures, were tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA 100. Alternariol methyl ether was weakly mutagenic to strain TA98 (without metabolic activation). Chromatographic separations of A. alternata mycelium extract yielded several fractions mutagenic in the latter system, including the altertoxin I fraction and a purified yellow pigment C20H14O6, which was characterized spectroscopically. PMID- 6991929 TI - The effect of superoxide dismutase, catalase and L-cysteine on spontaneous and on mitomycin C induced chromosomal breakage in Fanconi's anemia and normal fibroblasts as measured by the micronucleus method. PMID- 6991931 TI - Mutagenic activity of some 9-aminoalkyl acridine derivatives on S. typhimurium. AB - The mutagenic potential of 9-(3'-dimethylaminopropylamino)-acridine and of its 1 nitro and 2-nitro derivatives was investigated by using histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. The 9-(3'-dimethylaminopropylamino)-acridine exhibited a weak mutagenic activity only on one of the S. typhimurium tester strains, TA1537. The 1-nitro derivative induced mutations with high frequency in strains TA1537, TA1538 and TA98, whereas the 2-nitro derivative was substantially more mutagenic than the parent compound but it was much less mutagenic than the 1 nitro derivative. Pre-mutational damages made by the 1-nitro derivative were repaired by the uvrB gene-repair system, whereas those caused by the 2-nitro derivative could not be repaired by this system. Both the 1-nitro and 2-nitro derivatives induced some mutations in the base-pair substitution strain TA100 carrying a plasmid. The frequency of the his+ mutation induced both by 1-nitro and by the 2-nitro derivatives in strain TA101 lacking a nitro reductase was lower. These results emphasize the involvement of the nitro group in the interaction of acridine derivatives with the bacterial genome. PMID- 6991930 TI - Chromosomal aberrations and mutation in cultured mammalian cells induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. AB - 4 pyrrolizidine alkaloids, heliotrine, lasiocarpine, petasitenine, and senkirkine, were tested for their effects of V79 Chinese hamster cells. All the alkaloids produced cytoplasmic vacuolization, and caused cellular and nuclear enlargement. Chromosomal aberrations were induced in cells treated with the alkaloids. Heliotrine and petasitenine induced interchromosomal exchanges, and lasiocarpine and senkirkine caused chromatid gaps. All the alkaloids induced an 8 azaguanine-resistant mutation in V79 cells by direct treatment for 48 h. Mutation was also induced by treatment with the alkaloids for 1 h in the presence of a metabolic activation system. PMID- 6991932 TI - Mutagenicity of alkaline constituents of a coal-liquified crude oil in mammalian cells. AB - Employing the CHO/HGPRT system, we have shown that the acetone fraction of a crude coal--liquid crude oil is the major contributor to the mutagenicity of synthetic oil. The system appears to be useful for determination of mutagenicity of organic mixtures and for corroboration of results from other biological assays. PMID- 6991934 TI - Mutagenic activity of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the Ames test. PMID- 6991933 TI - Mutagenicity of irradiated solutions of 2-deoxy-D-ribose. PMID- 6991935 TI - Preliminary visual screening of soil samples for the presumptive presence of Histoplasma capsulatum. PMID- 6991937 TI - [Double blind trial of clotrimazole and econazole in tinea pedis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991936 TI - Nuclear genotypes of spore chains in Filobasidiella neoformans (Cryptococcus neoformans). PMID- 6991938 TI - [Results of a contralateral comparative study between Travocort cream and Travogen cream in inflammatory and allergic dermatomycoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991939 TI - The effect of antimycetics in vitro on the growth of Candida albicans and its developmental forms. PMID- 6991940 TI - Antibodies to the surface of halothane-altered rabbit hepatocytes in patients with severe halothane-associated hepatitis. AB - Circulating antibodies reacting specifically with the cell membrane of hepatocytes isolated from halothane-anesthetized rabbits were detected in nine of 11 patients with fulminant hepatic failure after helothane-induced anesthesia. The immunoglobulin deposition, as revealed by immunofluorescence, showed a granular pattern on the hepatocyte surface membrane. Preincubation of halothane pretreated, but not of control, hepatocytes with serum containing this antibody rendered them susceptible to cytotoxic effects of normal lymphocytes in vitro. Control studies using serum from subjects repeatedly exposed to halothane without the development of liver damage, and from patients with viral and toxic liver injury have confirmed the specificity of these findings to serve halothane associated liver injury. These results provide further evidence of an immunologic component in this condition. PMID- 6991941 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site: a randomized study of two combination-chemotherapy regimens. PMID- 6991942 TI - Inborn error in the terminal step of aldosterone biosynthesis. Corticosterone methyl oxidase tpe II deficiency in a North American pedigree. AB - Profound salt wasting developed in a male infant who had marked reductions in serum and urinary aldosterone concentrations despite striking hyperreninemia. Coincident elevations in plasma and urinary levels of specific 18-hydroxysteroids localized the defect to corticosterone methyl oxidase Type II, the adrenal enzyme responsible for the final step of aldosterone synthesis. Salt replacement but not hydrocortisone ameliorated the clinical and metabolic abnormalities. Evaluation of 33 other family members disclosed the biochemical disorder in six other subjects who were affected in an autosomal-recessive pattern with variably severe clinical manifestations and abnormal ratios of 18-hydroxycorticosterone (or its metabolites) to aldosterone. This inborn error in aldosterone biosynthesis must be distinguished from other heritable, salt-losing defects in adrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 6991943 TI - Differential diagnosis between endogenous and exogenous insulin-induced refractory hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic patient. PMID- 6991944 TI - The relevance of schistosomiasis. PMID- 6991945 TI - Medicine and government: a commencement address. PMID- 6991946 TI - Occasional notes. My sampler of editors: a Fishbein, a Fox, and a Garland. PMID- 6991947 TI - Meatal colonization and catheter-associated bacteriuria. PMID- 6991949 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 31-1980. PMID- 6991950 TI - Opportunistic fungi in Detroit's rats and opossum. AB - Four Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and one opossum (Didelphis virginiana) were surveyed for the presence of fungi. Eighteen different fungi were isolated from rat samples and six from the opossum, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Hair and skin scrapings from laboratory raised Norway rats, bedding and air from the room yielded only Penicillium sp. PMID- 6991948 TI - Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. PMID- 6991951 TI - Examination of the relationship between pathological changes, immunological response and serum protein concentrations in pregnant sheep inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Pregnant sheep inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia developed precipitating and latex agglutinating antibodies to mycelial antigens. The titres of these tended to be higher in those animals developing placental or fetal infection than in those which did not. The concentrations of total serum proteins and of albumin, alpha, beta and gamma globulins did not show any consistent changes which could be related to abortion or placental infection. Lymphocyte transformation tests on whole blood showed significant responses to phytohaemagglutinin but not to A. fumigatus antigens. PMID- 6991952 TI - Analysis and prediction of protein beta-sheet structures by a combinatorial approach. AB - Analysis of beta-sheet sandwiches (for example immunoglobulin domains) suggests an algorithm that successfully predicts the tertiary fold of these proteins from their sequence and secondary structure. We propose tertiary structures for beta 2 microglobulin and an HLA-B7 antigen fragment. Topological rules are presented that markedly reduce the number of folds for proteins in which a-helices pack against a parallel beta-sheet. PMID- 6991954 TI - On epidemics, metaphors and madness. PMID- 6991953 TI - 5-Methoxypsoralen, an ingredient in several suntan preparations, has lethal, mutagenic and clastogenic properties. AB - Many furocoumarins found in several species of plant are potent photosensitizing agents known to cause lethal and mutagenic effects in a wide range of organisms, from viruses to man. Their role in the aetiology of cancer is debatable, but work has focused on the PUVA (psoralen-UVA) treatment of psoriasis with 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and near UV radiation. Bergaptene (5-methoxypsoralen, 5 MOP) is a major constiutent of oil of bergamot, and might be expected to have qualitatively similar photosensitizing properties to 8-MOP. Although 5-MOP is widely used as a stimulus to melanin deposition in several suntan preparations surprisingly little is known about its basic photobiology. We report here that 5 MOP has the expected properties of other biologically active furocoumarins. These properties include lethal and mutagenic photosensitization of bacteria, 'dark' induced frameshift mutagenesis in bacteria, and lethal and clastogenic effects on mammalian cells in tissue culture. PMID- 6991955 TI - Influenza. PMID- 6991956 TI - The plague in Athens. Thucydides. The history of the Peloponnesian War. Translated by Thomas Hobbes. PMID- 6991957 TI - [Propionibacterium acnes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients]. PMID- 6991958 TI - [Pneumococcal infections; diagnosis, antibiotic resistance and prevention with vaccination]. PMID- 6991960 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 6991959 TI - [Dr. W.A.H. van Wylick, 40th anniversary as a physician]. PMID- 6991961 TI - [DNCB, a hazardous medication]. PMID- 6991962 TI - [Discovery of vibratile ciliated epithelium by Antonius de Heide (1683)]. PMID- 6991964 TI - Tubular dysfunction following kidney transplantation. PMID- 6991965 TI - Relationship between renin and extracellular fluid volume in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - Plasma renin activity and extracellular fluid volume were determined in 34 normotensive and in 35 sustained essential hypertensive patients with normal renal function, balanced sodium intake and urinary output. In normotensives, plasma renin activity was negatively correlated to extracellular fluid volume (r = 0.54; p = 0.001). The 95% confidence limits of the normotensive curve was used as nomogram to classify the hypertensive patients into two groups: those (23 cases) that fell within the limits of the normal curve (group I) and those (12 cases) that were below these limits (group II). In comparison with group I, group II was characterized by: (i) similar values for age, blood pressure, inulin clearance and extracellular fluid volume and (ii) significantly but lower values (p less than 0.001) for plasma renin activity with maintenance of the relationship between extracellular fluid volume and renin. The study strongly suggests that (i) the hypertensives of group I had no abnormal regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in comparison with the control subjects and (ii) the hypertensives of group II had an extracellular fluid volume-renin relationship set for lower values of renin. PMID- 6991963 TI - [HBA1c and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6991966 TI - An overview of renal oxalosis. PMID- 6991967 TI - Legislative log: home dialysis target reimbursement rates. PMID- 6991968 TI - [Biochemistry of intraischemic and postischemic brain injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991969 TI - [Development of CT scanner and Nobel prize (author's transl)]. PMID- 6991970 TI - Treatment of pain of diffuse metastatic cancer by stereotactic chemical hypophysectomy: long term results and observations on mechanism of action. AB - Stereotactic instillation of absolute alcohol into the sella turcica for pituitary destruction was carried out in 29 patients divided into two groups. Seventeen with prostatic carcinoma underwent a total of 19 injections with 94% good to excellent results that persisted throughout the remainder of the patient's life-span. The longest survival was 9 months. Brief relapses did occur, but spontaneous remissions were the rule. A second group of mixed cancers contained 12 patients who received a total of 13 injections. Eleven patients had good to excellent results that persisted in all but 1 patient. The longest survival was 7 months. Hormonal levels and prolactin stimulation tests failed to show any correlation between hormonal changes and pain relief. Naloxone reversal of analgesia did not occur. There was no loss of cognitive function shown on psychological testing. Pathological studies showed destruction of the pituitary gland, which was subtotal in some patients despite good pain relief. All examinations showed that the pituitary stalk was destroyed. Patients who survived longer also showed degeneration of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the median eminence. All but 1 patient with pain relief exhibited a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production. Interpretation of the data indicates that ADH or its associated neurophysins act as central pain transmitters. The production of these transmitters is decreased or abolished by chemical hypophysectomy through the destruction of hypothalamic nuclei. PMID- 6991971 TI - The neurosurgeon in transplantation: provision and use of cadaver tissues and organs. PMID- 6991973 TI - Is Acanthamoeba encephalitis an opportunistic infection? AB - Fifteen patients with granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) resulting from Acanthomoeba were studied. GAE usually occurred in chronically ill and debilitated individuals, some of whom had received immunosuppressive therapy; none had a history of swimming or had been involved in aquatic activities. In contrast, primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri usually occurs in healthy, young individuals who are exposed to polluted waters. The results of this study confirm that opportunistic amebic infections occur with increased frequency in patients treated with steroids, chemotherapeutic drugs, or broad-spectrum antibiotics. The mechanism of such infection may be depressed cell mediated immunity. PMID- 6991972 TI - Iopamidol, a new non-ionic hydrosoluble contrast medium for neuroradiology. AB - The side effects associated with the use of Iopamidol for myelography were determined in 100 patients and compared with metrizamide in a double-blind study. PMID- 6991974 TI - Periodic lateralized epileptiform complexes (PLEDs) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - The electroencephalogram (EEG) of three patients with typical Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was characterized by periodic lateralized epileptiform complexes (PLEDs), which persisted and became bilateral. This unusual pattern preceded the characteristic EEG change of CJD. Persistence of PLEDs should suggest the diagnosis of CJD. PMID- 6991976 TI - Method for observing the interior of biological specimens by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6991975 TI - Cytochemical, stereological and radioautographic studies of rat raphe neurons. PMID- 6991977 TI - An improved method using protoplast for cytophotometric measurement of nuclear DNA in plant tissue cultures. PMID- 6991978 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. Classification, epidemiology and natural history]. PMID- 6991979 TI - [Autograft of pancreatic tissue in the spleen of pancreatectomized dogs]. AB - The intrasplenic autotransplant of pancreatic fragments in dogs subjected to total pancreatectomy can prevent diabetes as it maintains normoglycaemic condition and a normal insulinaemic response to i.v. infusion of glucose. By adopting a pancreatic tissue preparation technique which provides for a very short collagenasis digestion time (4 minutes), B cells took and normal glucidic metabolism was maintained. PMID- 6991980 TI - [Experimental study of the use of tissue adhesives in colonic surgery]. AB - The authors report the own experience about the experimental use of tissue adhesive in the colonic surgery, on 14 rabbits, with quite satisfactory result. Therefore they evince that this tissue adhesive, althought it can't replace the surgical suture, yet it can help the surgeon out of a hard colonic anastomosis. PMID- 6991981 TI - [Parmesan physicians and surgeons of the nineteenth century. Notes on their lives and works]. PMID- 6991982 TI - [Parmesan physicians and surgeons of the nineteenth century. Notes on their lives and works]. PMID- 6991984 TI - Nutrition classics: Pediatrics, Volume 11, 1953: A hitherto unrecognized biochemical difference between human milk and cow's milk, by Paul Gyorgy, M.D. Philadelphia. PMID- 6991983 TI - [Endometrial cytological examination in prevention and early diagnosis of carcinoma of the body of the uterus]. PMID- 6991985 TI - How you and your patient can manage dyspnea. PMID- 6991986 TI - The jubilee year. PMID- 6991988 TI - Inspired analgesia through transcendental meditation. PMID- 6991987 TI - Chlorhexidine in dentistry--a review. PMID- 6991989 TI - Rebasing mandibular full dentures using a visco-elastic impression material. PMID- 6991990 TI - Dr J. F. Mangos DDS(NZ), FRACDS. PMID- 6991991 TI - Hugh Alexander Allen Stevely. PMID- 6991992 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - A caucasian female infant with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in second remission received a bone marrow transplantation. Engraftment was confirmed at 14 days following infusion of bone marrow from a sex-matched, ABO and HLA compatible sibling. 171 days posttransplantation the patient is clinically well and in haematological remission. A mild transient skin rash and hepatocellular disturbance, the only manifestations of graft versus host disease, responded successfully to high dose prednisone. PMID- 6991993 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia. AB - An eight-year-old girl with severe acquired aplastic anaemia received a bone marrow transplant from her 11-year-old brother. The bone marrow graft is firmly established, but the patient has mild chronic graft versus host disease affecting liver and skin. The indications for bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anaemia are discussed. PMID- 6991995 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: technique and current indications. PMID- 6991994 TI - A double-blind comparative trial of dothiepin and imipramine for the treatment of depressive inpatients. AB - Thirty-six inpatients took part in a double-blind comparative study of dothiepin and imipramine; objective and subjective ratings were completed weekly for a four week period. Dothiepin was as effective as imipramine in its antidepressive effect with less side effects statistically demonstrated. PMID- 6991996 TI - Early medical practitioners. PMID- 6991997 TI - Aspects of early medical organisation in Auckland, New Zealand. AB - It is usually accepted the New Zealand Medical Association was founded in 1887. It is not generally known this was the second association so named, the first having been formed in Dunedin in 1876. There were at least three medical societies in New Zealand prior to 1877. This paper reviews the evolution of medical organisation in New Zealand with special reference to Auckland. Practitioners, hospitals, coroner's court and primarily non-medical organisations were each important facets in such medical organisations. PMID- 6991998 TI - Cimetidine and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6991999 TI - Obituary. George Emmanuel Roth. PMID- 6992000 TI - The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the transmission of ovine chronic non progressive pneumonia. PMID- 6992001 TI - Tetracycline. PMID- 6992002 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in women with a twin pregnancy. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated in 24 women with a twin pregnancy and 24 women with a singleton pregnancy. The groups were of similar age, parity, weight, and gestational age. In each woman an intravenous glucose tolerance test was done using a 25-g glucose load in the last half of gestation. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured and statistically compared. The plasma human placental lactogen levels were significantly higher in the women with the twin gestation (7.3 +/- 0.7 versus 4.7 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml). Although the glucose disappearance rates (K) were not different, there was a significantly lower fasting as well as 5- and 15-minute blood glucose value in the twin pregnancy group. There was also a significantly lower 15-minute insulin level in the twin group. The importance of these findings to the clinical management of twin pregnancies and to the understanding of the metabolic changes in pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 6992003 TI - Ritodrine hydrochloride: a betamimetic agent for use in preterm labor. II. Evidence of efficacy. AB - In a multicenter series of randomized prospective double-blind controlled studies, ritodrine hydrochloride was compared with either ethanol or placebo in treatment of idiopathic preterm labor. When compared with controls, there was, among offspring of ritodrine-treated mothers, a significantly reduced incidence of neonatal death and respiratory distress syndrome (P less than .05 in both comparisons) and a significantly higher proportion of infants achieving 36 weeks' gestation (P less than .05) or birth weight greater than 2500 g (P less than .05). There was also a significant improvement in gestational age at delivery (P less than .05) and in the number of days gained in utero (P less than .001) among ritodrine-treated patients as compared with controls. These results, coupled with a finding of generally acceptable side effects, have contributed to ritodrine's becoming the first drug approved for the treatment of preterm labor in the United States. PMID- 6992004 TI - The Cincinnati gamble. PMID- 6992005 TI - Internal closure with scleral flap: a new technique of cataract operation. PMID- 6992006 TI - Effect of systemic indomethacin on corneal graft survival in rabbits. AB - We investigated the effect of systemic indomethacin on corneal graft survival in rabbits. Two weeks following corneal transplants, skin grafts were exchanged between donor-recipient pairs. Indomethacin was started one day prior to transplant and was continued for the duration of the study. Mean graft survival was twice as long in the indomethacin-treated group (P less than 0.001) than in the untreated rabbits. PMID- 6992007 TI - An eyelid tumor caused by a migrated hard contact lens. AB - An enlarging eyelid mass was removed and found to be a fibrocollagenous tumor surrounding a hard contact lens which had apparently migrated from the upper fornix, where it had been lost. A review of the literature revealed that formation of such a tumor around a migrated contact lens is unusual but that migration of hard contact lenses through the conjunctiva of the upper fornix is not as rare as is generally believed. PMID- 6992008 TI - Bacterial contamination of corneal donor tissue. AB - We studied bacterial contamination of corneal donor material following processing by two techniques prior to immersion in McCarey-Kaufman medium. If the whole eye was immersed in Neosporin, 24.5% of cultures were positive. If eyes were only rinsed with Neosporin, 47.5% of cultures were positive. No eyes receiving this tissue developed infections. Cultures were much more likely to be positive if the donors had been on a respirator prior to death. PMID- 6992010 TI - Etidocaine used for retrobulbar block: a comparison with lidocaine. AB - Fifty patients in a double-blind study received in randomized fashion either etidocaine HCl (Duranest) 1% or lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine) 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000 in a retrobulbar block for cataract surgery. Two parallel groups of 25 patients each were studied comparing the clinical properties of the drugs. The onset time for sensory and motor blocks of both drugs was essentially the same (3 minutes). The duration of action of etidocaine was considerably longer than lidocaine and less postoperative pain medication was required by patients blocked with etidocaine. PMID- 6992011 TI - A new combined scleral ring-blepharostat for cataract surgery. AB - A new combined scleral ring and blepharostat for cataract surgery is introduced. It is a modification of the McNeil-Goldman ring blepharostat. The new ring blepharostat provides protection against anterior scleral collapse, separates the lids and fixates the globe. It is recommended for use in all high risk cataract surgery. PMID- 6992009 TI - Mature secondary cataracts and reversible ocular hypotension. AB - Three eyes of three patients are reported with ocular hypotension and mature, white cataracts secondary to other ocular disease. Ocular pressures rapidly rose to and remained at normal levels with recovery of excellent vision in all three eyes following cataract extraction, with follow-up periods of 16 to 28 months. Thus a hypotensive eye with a mature, white cataract secondary to other eye disease is not necessarily hopeless, and hypotony is not a contraindication to cataract extraction in such patients. PMID- 6992012 TI - Conjunctival incision for herniated orbital fat. AB - The approach to herniated orbital fat of the lower eyelid through a conjunctival incision is described. This is an effective method of removing the herniated fat pads in patients who do not have redundant lower eyelid skin and results in excellent cosmesis. The candidates for this procedure are usually in a younger age bracket. PMID- 6992013 TI - Intracapsular fixation of extracapsular pseudophakia. AB - A modification of the fixation of the Binkhorst iridocapsular lens is described. The elastic force of the anterior capsule is used in order to gain a stable, safe and central position of the two-loop iridocapsular lens in combination with an extracapsular cataract extraction. Miotic therapy is not necessary if one uses the described method. PMID- 6992014 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty in Lesotho. AB - Sixty-four Basotho patients underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in Lesotho, a developing African nation. The overall long-term success rate of 60.7% was comparable to similar series in developed countries. Analysis of variables found to significantly affect graft outcome included size of graft, anterior segment pathology, postoperative iris adhesion to graft wound, and onset of graft rejection during hospitalization or after discharge. McCarey-Kaufman medium was found to be highly successful for corneal storage up to seven days, and corneal transplantation across racial lines was not associated with increased immune rejection reactions. PMID- 6992015 TI - IOL dislocations. PMID- 6992016 TI - A simplified dacryocystorhinostomy technique. AB - The evoluation of various types of dacryocystorhinostomies has been reviewed. The indications for operation are discussed. A simplified technique of surgery is illustrated and described in detail. The advantages of the method are: (1) The elimination of elaborate methods to remove the lacrimal bone while preserving the nasal mucosa. (2) The avoidance of the necessity of suturing the nasal mucosa membrane to the sac flaps. (3) The use of a comfortable, inconspicuous, easily inserted and easily removed silicone sponge stent to help avoid closure of the osteotomy. PMID- 6992017 TI - Combined penetrating keratoplasty and mechanical anterior vitrectomy. AB - Forty patients with aphakic bullous keratopathy undergoing combined penetrating keratoplasty and anterior vitrectomy using mechanical vitreous instruments were studied for a mean length of 36 months. Seventy percent of the grafts remained clear and thirty percent failed during the follow-up period. Fifty-three percent of those with clear grafts (15/28) obtained a visual acuity of 20/70 or better. In comparison to older methods of anterior vitrectomy, we have found that removal of vitreous with mechanical vitreous instruments offers more effective removal of solid and liquid vitreous, decreased surgical time, and decreased retinal traction. Further, it is easy to learn to use and handle these instruments. PMID- 6992018 TI - A modified suture placement technique to avoid suture drag or "cheese wire" effect. AB - A modified technique is described for microsurgical suture placement, irrespective of the closure technique, to prevent suture drag and loosening of the suture following postoperative wound edema. Fine, elastic, non-absorbable sutures which loosen as a result of suture drag or "cheese wiring" have no more reliability than do absorbable or silk sutures. Predictable and reproducible results of suture placement are necessary to allow the surgeon to effectively use the operating keratometer in the control and modification of corneal astigmatism following anterior segment surgery. PMID- 6992019 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy for external ocular inflammatory disease. AB - Fourteen patients with progressive ocular inflammation and destructive lesions, unresponsive to conventional therapy, were treated with systemic immunosuppression. Ten patients had connective tissue/vasculitis diseases; two, cicatricial pemphigoid; and two, bilateral Mooren's corneal ulcers. Control of underlying systemic disease by immunosuppression resulted invariably in concomitant control of ocular inflammation and destruction. Encouraging results were obtained in the patients with cicatricial pemphigoid and those with bilateral Mooren's ulcers. PMID- 6992020 TI - Split-thickness skin graft for treatment of oral benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. Report of a case. AB - The painful oral lesions of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid often make the wearing of complete dentures difficult or impossible. A mandibular split thickness skin graft vestibuloplasty was performed on a patient with benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. This procedure may be indicated in those cases which do not respond to meticulous denture construction and steroid therapy. PMID- 6992021 TI - Establishment of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. PMID- 6992022 TI - [Transarticular arthrodesis in combination with intertrochanteric osteotomy in severe forms of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6992023 TI - [Boris Vasil'evich Parin]. PMID- 6992024 TI - [Criteria of tissue viability in severe injury to the extremities]. PMID- 6992025 TI - [Boris Petrovich Popov]. PMID- 6992026 TI - [Evaluation of surgical treatment methods for ununited fractures, pseudarthroses and defects of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 6992027 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Military Field Surgery of the Dnepropetrovsk Medical Institute of the Order of the Red Banner of Work]. PMID- 6992028 TI - [Mikhail Nikolaevich Kovalishin]. PMID- 6992029 TI - [Basic principles of treatment in severe injuries to the hand and fingers]. PMID- 6992030 TI - [Signs of ankylosing spondyloarthritis on the fossil bones of people who lived on the territory of Siberia]. PMID- 6992031 TI - [Method of plastic repair of the flexor tendons of the fingers in injury to them in the region of the synovial sheaths]. PMID- 6992032 TI - [Mechanical genesis of injuries and the principles of their diagnosis in victims of road transportation accidents]. PMID- 6992033 TI - [S. Th. von Soemerring (1755-1830]. PMID- 6992034 TI - [Prof. Sigmund, famous syphilologist]. PMID- 6992035 TI - [Misconceptions about therapy and progress in medicine in the 1st half of the 20th century]. PMID- 6992036 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus (treatment of water-electrolyte imbalance with a vasopressin analog)]. PMID- 6992037 TI - [Diagnostic use of LH-RH releasing hormone in amenorrhea]. PMID- 6992039 TI - [Georg Handel (Handel's father, the Surgeon of Halle)]. PMID- 6992038 TI - [In memory of Lamarck (on the 150th anniversary of the death of the founder of genetics)]. PMID- 6992040 TI - [Contribution to the history of splenectomy in Hungary]. PMID- 6992041 TI - [Clinical effects of beclomethasone dipropionate in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6992042 TI - [The young Weszpremi]. PMID- 6992043 TI - [Karl Adolf von Basedow (1799-1854)]. PMID- 6992044 TI - [News about the discovery of Salvarsan in the journal Nyugat]. PMID- 6992045 TI - [Successfully treated neonatal streptococcal meningitis, caused by beta hemolytic group B strain]. PMID- 6992046 TI - [Nobel Prize in medicine for 1979]. PMID- 6992047 TI - [On the 125th anniversary of the birth of Albert Ludwig Siegmund Neisser]. PMID- 6992048 TI - [Albert Szent-Gyorgyi in the journal Nyugat]. PMID- 6992049 TI - [Viral infections during pregnancy, with special reference to the manifestations of herpes simplex genitalis]. PMID- 6992050 TI - Medicare regulation change editorial, not substantive. PMID- 6992051 TI - PSRO mandate includes records review, corrective action. PMID- 6992052 TI - [Hopopleura edentula (Anoplura, Hoplopleuridae), a parasite of voles of the genus Clethrionomys]. AB - The louse Hoplopleura edentula Fahrennolz occurs not only on the vole Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb. but also on the other members of the genus widely distributed in the USSR, C. rutilus Pall. and C. rufocanus Sund. The characters distinguishing H. edentula from the close species H. acanthopus (Burm.) described from Microtus arvalis Pall. are the differences in the shape of the dorsal lobe of the pleural plate of the third abdominal segment and in the size of the male copulative organ. PMID- 6992054 TI - [Splenic lesions in white mice due to Toxoplasma gondii endozoites in acute experimental infestation. A histological, immunoluminescent and electron microscopic study]. AB - The spleen of 73 white mice was studied (15 mice were studied by electron microscopy) from 24 to 120 hours after intraperitoneal infection. The successive stages of interaction of parasites with cells of mononuclear phagocytes system were observed. At the early stages of the infection the activation of these cells takes place. During the dissemination of endozoites over the host organism they penetrate the activated mononuclear phagocytes. Activation, however, is not effective enough since in these cells the parasites preserve the ability to hinder the fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes containing endozoites and at later stages of the infection of lyse the membrane of parasitophore vacuole. The ability to reproduce in activated mononuclear phagocytes and to lyse the membrane of parasitophore vacuole is regarded as a factor of the virulence of endozoites of RH strain toxoplasms. PMID- 6992053 TI - [Pathologichohistological skin changes in red-backed mice parasitized by larvae of the trombiculid mite, Neotromibcula pomeranzevi (Trombiculidae)]. AB - During the feeding of N. pomeranzevi larvae on their natural hosgs, large-toothed redbacked voles (Clethronomys rufocanues Sandev.), in the skin of the latter are formed tubular structures or stylosomes characteristic of all trombiculids. During the formation of the stylosome the saliva of the mites and the interstitial fluid of the host are supposed to interact. The walls of the stylosome consist of two layers, are homogenous and do not include cellular elements. Around the stylosomes are formed the foci of necrosis and destruction of tissues. Behind the distal ends of the stylosomes are observed light interstitial cavities, which of then contain a great number of cellula relements of lymphoid and epithelioid nature. These cavities serve apparently as a reservoir of nutritive substratum for larvae. The feeding of trombiculids is accompanied by a reactive response of the connective tissue, the hyperemy of the superficial capillaries and the cellular infiltration of the affected area. The mass parasitism of larvae causes the ulceration of the host's skin and on its surface appear crusts from necrotic tissues. PMID- 6992055 TI - [Helminthological research of M. M. Zavadovskii]. AB - M. M. Zavadovsky (1891--1957) embriologist and geneticist is one of the founders of the experimental helminthology in the USSR. Using original methods he in twenties--thirties studied the structure of the egg membranes in some parasitic nematodes, proved the necessity of the access of free oxygen for the development of their eggs, studied the role of some environmental factors in the ontogenesis of nematodes. On this basis Zavadovsky worked out certain recomendations for the prophylaxis of nematodose of agricultural animals. His works have not lost their significance up to now. PMID- 6992056 TI - A new method for the partial purification of leishmania amastigotes from cutaneous lesionS. AB - Amastigotes from Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana were isolated from cutaneous lesions in infected animals using the plant lectin Concanavalin A as a specific agglutination agent. Amastigotes were collected in preparations of up to 95% purity as determined by cell count. The parasites obtained by this method showed no apparent loss of viability as measured by growth rated and DNA replication, or pathogenicity as measured by routine passages in hamsters or mice. PMID- 6992057 TI - Studies on Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense III. Antigenic variation in three cyclically transmitted stocks. AB - Cyclical transmission of different variable antigen types of Trypanosoma congolense STIB 228 resulted in the development of metacyclic trypanosome populations which were similar in their variable antigen composition as judged by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays. The variable antigen types present in the ingested bloodstream populations were not found in the metacyclic populations. The bloodstream populations which were obtained from cyclically infected, irradiated (900 rad.) mice contained variable antigen types which were not present in the corresponding metacyclic populations. When derivatives of 2 other stocks of T. congolense, isolated in different area of Tanzania, underwent cyclical development in the tsetse fly, the metacyclic populations of each stock also had a characteristic variable antigen composition. The metacyclic populations of the 3 stocks were, however, completely dissimilar in variable antigen composition. Simultaneous infection of tsetse flies with a mixture of different stocks resulted in the concurrent production of metacyclic trypanosomes which contained the characteristic variable antigen types of each stock. The effect of cyclical transmission on the process of antigenic variation in T. congolense infections is therefore similar to that in T. brucei infections. PMID- 6992058 TI - The development of Trypanosoma cruzi in macrophages in vitro. Interaction with lysosomes and host cell fate. AB - The interaction between mouse peritoneal macrophages and 'Y' strain Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream forms was studied at optical and electron microscopical levels. The method of marking lysosomes with Thorotrast, either before or after infection of cell monolayers with parasites, revealed that secondary lysosomes fused with phagosomes shortly after trypanosome interiorization. In spite of this, 24 h later most parasites were no longer in a vacuole but lay free within the host cell cytoplasm, multiplying actively. At this time, and up to shortly before 96 h when parasites escaped to the external milieu, most parasitized cells were not lethally injured, as revealed by the Trypan blue dye-exclusion test. Only when parasites were released into the external medium was this situation reversed and infected macrophages took up the dye. PMID- 6992059 TI - The growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in human diploid cells for the production of trypomastigotes. AB - The use of human diploid cell lines of finite life for the in vitro production of Trypanosoma cruzi is described. Both MRC5 and WI38 cells release trypomastigotes with less than 5% amastigotes. This could form the basis for biochemical and immunological studies, which were previously limited by the problems of separating parasites from blood. By selecting the in vitro passage number of the parasite it is possible to select for either the broad or the slender forms of trypomastigotes, allowing comparative studies of these forms within a single strain of the parasite. It is also possible to isolate amastigotes by disrupting the cells before trypomastigotes appear, and separating them from cell debris with Metrizamide. It is shown that by incorporating [3H]uridine in the cell culture medium, labelled trypomastigotes are obtained. The release of this label (putative RNA) provides a relatively simple isotopic assay for parasite death. Examples of this assay for testing drug toxicity and in immunological lysis are presented. PMID- 6992061 TI - Recent developments in coccidian biology; where do we go from here? PMID- 6992060 TI - The diagnosis of malaria infection using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of malaria antigens. Application to the detection of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. AB - A method has been devised to show that malaria parasites can be detected serologically in infected blood with a high degree of sensitivity. Using a murine malaria model, parasites were demonstrated in a solid-phase radio-immunoassay which measured antibody-binding inhibition. Lysed red blood cells (r.b.c.) were incubated with labelled specific antibody and were then reacted in antigen-coated tubes. The degree of inhibition of antibody binding in the tubes correlated with the level of parasitaemia in the test blood. Using homologous antisera the test detected infection at a level of 1 parasite/million r.b.c. The specificity of the method was shown by comparison of antibody-binding inhibition in normal and infected r.b.c. and in r.b.c. from non-infected mice with induced reticulocytosis. The sensitivity was shown in vitro in tests of serially diluted blood of high parasitaemia and in vivo for the detection of early infection. The presence of antibody in the test blood did not significantly affect the sensitivity of parasite detection. PMID- 6992062 TI - Artificially transformed schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: mechanism of acquisition of protection against antibody-mediated killing. AB - Incorporation of labelled amino acid into tegumental proteins and acquisition of protection by schistosomula against antibody-mediated killing in vitro were simultaneously stimulated by serum factors and inhibited by puromycin. Comparison of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns with fluorographic autoradiography indicates that the majority of proteins in the parasite tegument were labelled with the isotope after incubation for 3 h. No new, clearly defined band was observed in the autoradiography pattern. During this period a decreasing susceptibility of the schistosomula to antibody plus complement was observed. Quantitative fluorescence assay shows that schistosomula insensitive to antibody plus complement were still able to bind the same amount of antibody as the unprotected parasites. Pre-culture of schistosomula in the presence of inactivated normal rabbit serum also decreased the susceptibility of the parasites to the in vivo killing mechanism. PMID- 6992063 TI - [Furocoumarins and photochemotherapy]. PMID- 6992064 TI - [Kinins-formation, hypotensive and oedematogen activities of four carrageenans (author's transl)]. AB - 1) The abilities of four carrageenans to form kinins in the rat plasma "in vitro" have been compared. Three carrageenans were pure: iota, kappa and lambda. The fourth sample was a mixture, made mostly of the iota type, that we called iota 2. The order of activity at the threshold level is: iota 1 = iota 2 greater than lambda greater than kappa. Kinin-formation by carrageenans is inhibited by hexadimethrine which suggests that kinin-formation depends on the activation of the Hageman factor. 2) The scale of the relative potencies of the same compounds to induce threshold hypotension when administered intravenously is the same as that for kinin-formation "in vitro". This effect is also inhibited by hexadimetrine. Crossed tachyphylaxies show that the lambda carrageenan is the most active in that respect. On this basis the order of potency is:lambda greater than iota 2 = iota 1 greater than kappa. 3) The ability to produce oedema is in the following order: lambda greater than or equal to iota 2 = iota 1 greater than kappa. The identity of the last two scales would indicate that the kinin system is of greater importance in the inflammatory process induced by carrageenans. PMID- 6992066 TI - [Studies on an extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. II.--Phagocytic capacity of sera obtained from rabbits immunized by this bacterial extract (author's transl)]. AB - Opsonins may protect against infections. In this study, the different parameters of opsonization assay are strictly standardized. Results are expressed as percentage of opsonization. 0% and 100% opsonization must be established. The experiment without immunserum is used as the 0% opsonization. To determine the 100% opsonization an excess of reducing capacity is required. This is provided by crushed leukocytes. Rabbits are immunised by bacterial extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. The hemagglutinins are detected in sera earlier (D + 30) and longer than the opsonic activity. Phagocytosis increases from the second month following the immunization. Percentage of opsonization is maintained at about 50% up to the sixth month. Alternatively, the percentage of phagocytosis is decreasing when heterologous bacteria are used. The serum thermolabile factors are necessary for the response. The phagocytic capacity is not modified whether leukocytes are obtained from immunized rabbits or not. PMID- 6992067 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia anemia followed by acute granulocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of acute myeloid leukemia developping 5 years after the onset of an autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The cytological origin of the proliferation is difficult to assess: the presence of prominent membranous complexes and a strong positivity of acid phosphatase reaction favour its megacaryocytic origin. However the cytological evolution pleads for the development of successive clones of monocytic origin, may be modified by the treatment. Are the two diseases successive consequences of preexisting state of immunodepression or was such a state created by the autoimmune anemia? PMID- 6992065 TI - Influence of lipidic plant extracts on carrageenin-induced inflammation of guinea pig palatal mucosa. AB - Inflammation was induced in the guinea-pig palatal mucosa by a carrageenin solution injection. The inflammatory process was studied by a stereologic procedure. A determination was made of the volume fraction occupied by collagen, edema and vessels 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 4 days after the injection. The non treated animals group presented a maximal collagen volumetric density decrease 6 hours after the carrageenin injection. The volume fraction of collagen then increased to reach approximately a value similar to the healthy mucosa collagen volumetric density 4 days after the injection. Edema was correlatively maximal 6 hours after the carrageenin injection and decreased during the next hours. During the whole course of the experiment, the volumetric density of vessels was higher than in healthy mucosa. The modification of the inflammatory process in the group of animals treated by the lipidic plants extracts (15 mg daily during 60 days before the carrageenin injection) mainly consisted in a stabilization of the vessels volumetric density during the experiment. The lipidic plants extracts would act as an inhibiting factor of the inflammatory vascular neoformation. PMID- 6992068 TI - The effect of levamisole on human chromosomes. AB - The effects of levamisole on human chromosomes have been studied using lymphocyte cultures. A slight excess of chromatid and chromosome breaks and gaps was observed in both in vitro and in vivo studies. An excess of SCE was observed in vivo but not in vitro when similar levamisole concentrations were used. PMID- 6992069 TI - [In vivo amino acid racemization: possible role in the molecular aging of proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The in vivo aspartic acid racemization was observed in proteins having slow turnover rates and found in calcified tissues (tooth) as well as in soft tissues (lens). It can be used as a biochronological tool for estimating the age of a person, or as a mean for evaluating the in vivo lifetime of certain proteins. Racemization can be considered as the cause of accumulating configurational errors within the non-renewable, already synthetized molecules, and therefore probably constitutes a mechanism for molecular aging. PMID- 6992070 TI - [Polyamines and malignant diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The aliphatic polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are associated with the phenomena of normal and neoplastic cellular growth. Two third of cancers generally show elevated urinary excretion of polyamines. The urinary levels of polyamines are significantly higher in cancer in evolution than in cancer in remission. The variable association of polyamines with different localisations is reviewed. The potential interest of polyamines analysis in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer is discussed. The more exciting application of this test remains in the possibility of a short term appreciation of the oncostatic treatment efficiency. PMID- 6992071 TI - [Determination of serum nitroprusside level when used in the treatment of accelerated hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Using the effect of soluble sulfides in an alkaline medium on sodium nitroprusside, the authors were able to describe a method for titrating this substance. So, they could determine serum nitroprusside levels in patients treated for accelerated hypertension. PMID- 6992073 TI - Anemia due to inadequate iron sources or poor iron utilization. AB - Anemias due to dietary iron deficiency and poor iron utilization have some features in common. In both, the anemia is hypochromic and microcytic. Also in both, the levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin are increased, even though many of the causes of ineffective iron utilization are actually associated with normal or increased iron stores. Appropriate use of currently available assays, including a determination of the level of serum ferritin, can distinguish between many of these disorders. Above all, a logical approach with attention to the clinical response to treatment with iron medications will help achieve a rapid diagnosis. PMID- 6992072 TI - Aplastic and hypoplastic anemia. AB - Aplastic anemia is an acquired or constitutional trilineage bone marrow failure with peripheral pancytopenia, evidence of cellular hypoplasia of marrow, and replacement of normal cellular elements by fat. In some cases the marrow may be hypoplastic and the peripheral cytopenia relatively mild. The condition may persist for years and result in acute leukemia. In other cases, hypoplasia may involve only a single cell line. Basic research is directed toward understanding the multitude of cells, with a view toward selective manipulation of the cells themselves, interacting hormones, or cellular regulators. Early bone marrow transplantation presently offers the most hope when compatible donors are available. PMID- 6992074 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The improved outlook in childhood leukemia can be attributed to more accurate diagnosis, better supportive care, the use of drug combinations to achieve and maintain remission, and prophylactic therapy to prevent central nervous system leukemia. With the best treatment available today, 65 to 70 per cent of children are in complete continuous remission five years after diagnosis. Recent advances in biology, diagnosis, and treatment which have contributed to this progress are reviewed. PMID- 6992075 TI - Thrombocytopenia in children. AB - Thrombocytopenia in children can be classified on the basis of understanding of the production, life span, and fate of platelets. Thrombocytopenia may be familial, associated with drug-ingestion as a result of immune mediated mechanisms, direct toxicity to circulating platelets, or injury to megakaryocytes, or associated with other disease states. PMID- 6992076 TI - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - The discovery of cytosine arabinoside, and then the anthrocycline antibiotics, 6 thioguanine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and other drugs, has added to the armamentarium of known effective agents. The use of combination chemotherapy, the recognition of the need during induction for virtual marrow aplasia to obtain a remission, and recognition of the predilection of the disease for the central nervous system requiring prophylaxis constitute major advances. The impediment to long-term survival is the lack of effective maintenance therapy. PMID- 6992077 TI - Childhood neutropenia. AB - Neutropenia can occur because of abnormalities of marrow stem cell development, poor release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the marrow reserve, or decreased survival of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Some of the more important clinical entities are discussed. PMID- 6992078 TI - Inherited disorders of the red cell membrane skeleton. AB - Current knowledge of red cell membrane structure and function are briefly presented, and the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis are discussed. PMID- 6992079 TI - [Realization of V. I. Lenin's ideas in maternal and child health protection]. PMID- 6992080 TI - [Clinical use of baralgin for anesthesia in labor]. PMID- 6992081 TI - HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in the developing rat. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to find the differences, if any, in the pattern of nephrotoxic acute renal failure (HgCl2, 4.7 mg/kg body weight SC), in the developing rat and its relationship to the renin angiotensin system. No differences in renal cortical renin content were found between 2, 4, and 8 week olds, but plasma renin concentration was highest at 2 weeks and declined with age. Plasma renin was significantly increased in all groups 6 hr after HgCl2 injection, and the percentage of increase was highest in the 4 week olds. Despite these differences in initial plasma renin and in changes in plasma renin after HgCl2, the pattern of acute renal failure (as assessed by changes in blood urea nitrogen) was similar in the three groups for the first three days. Subsequently, the 4 and 8 week olds exhibited recovery (blood urea nitrogen began to decline), whereas blood urea nitrogen continued to increase to the fifth day in the 2 week olds. The mortality was highest in this group. No simple correlation was observed between basal renal renin, plasma renin, the increase in plasma renin following HgCl2 injection, and the pattern or severity of acute renal failure. PMID- 6992082 TI - Adrenergic modulation of pancreatic hormone secretion in utero: studies in fetal sheep. AB - To assess the functional maturity of adrenergic modulation of plasma concentration of glucose, as well as immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) secretion in utero, adrenergic agonists with or without beta (propranolol) or alpha (phentolamine) antagonists were infused to the chronically catheterized sheep fetus (n = 35) late in the third trimester. Mean +/- S.E. days at study was 129.5 +/- 1.5; term is 150 days. In 9 separate studies at gestational age 129 +/- 1 days, the infusion of saline for 3 hr was not associated with significant changes in the basal levels of glucose, IRG, or IRI. With epinephrine, 6 microgram/min (n = 6) glucose rose from 16.7 +/- 3.6 to 41.9 +/- 9.7 mg/dl, IRG rose from 75 +/- 8 to 219 +/- 45 pg/ml, and IRI fell from 22.6 +/- 1.7 to 12.7 +/- 3.5 microunits/ml (P less than 0.05 for each). Propranolol alone (n = 4) did not alter basal glucose or IRG but significantly suppressed IRI. Propranolol did, however, markedly attentuate the rise in glucose and IRG while exaggerating the fall in IRI during epinephrine infusion. Qualitatively similar but smaller responses were obtained with epinephrine, 0.4 microgram/min (n = 10). Similarly, elevation of glucose and suppression of IRI was obtained with norepinephrine, 2 microgram/min (n = 5), but IRG levels did not rise significantly. Alpha-Adrenergic blockade alone augmented IRI from 18 +/- 3 to 38 +/- 5 microunits/ml without affecting glucose or IRG concentrations; during alpha blockade, norepinephrine infusion failed to induce the rise in glucose, IRG remained unchanged, and IRI remained elevated (n = 5). 2-Deoxy-D-glucose, 200 mg IV over 30 min, did not affect glucose, IRG, or IRI (n = 5). Thus, appropriate adrenergic modulation of plasma concentrations of glucose, and of IRG and IRI secretion is established in the third trimester. PMID- 6992084 TI - The American Pediatric Society: membership list 1979-1980. PMID- 6992083 TI - Glucagon-induced hypocalcemia in the rat: effects of maturation and insulin. AB - In adults of several species including man, a small transient decrease in serum calcium concentration follows glucagon administration in doses of 1 to 10 mg/kg. The effects of maturation and insulin on this phenomenon were assessed by comparing the response of newborn and adult rats to equivalent doses of glucagon with and without prior insulin administration. After injection of 1 microgram/g of glucagon, the decrease in serum calcium concentration at 60 min was significant in the newborn rats (-1.75 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) and not significant in the intact adults (-0.07 mg/dl; P greater than 0.1). In pancreatomized adults, the decrease in serum calcium after the same dose of glucagon became significant (-1.23 mg/dl; P less than or equal to 0.01). This hypocalcemic effect was prevented in the pancreatectomized adult rat if insulin in a dose of 0.01 micron/g was given 15 min before glucagon. In the newborn rats, the same dose of insulin decreased the hypocalcemic effect, but the change was still significant (-0.74 mg/dl; P less than 0.01). Glucagon decreased serum calcium at one hr in newborn rats but not in adults. After pancreatectomy, the adult response to glucagon was significant and similar to that of the newborn. Insulin cancelled this effect of glucagon in the pancreatectomized adults and reduced it in the newborns. PMID- 6992085 TI - The Society for Pediatric Research: membership list 1979-1980. PMID- 6992086 TI - The European Society for Pediatric Research: membership list 1979-1980. PMID- 6992087 TI - Furosemide-induced alterations in the electrolyte status, the function of renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the urinary excretion of prostaglandins in newborn infants. AB - To assess the responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the neonate to acute furosemide stimulation and the role of renal prostaglandins in mediating the response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, this study was carried out to determine simultaneously plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, urinary aldosterone, prostaglandin E, and prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion along with determination of plasma electrolyte concentration and urinary electrolyte excretion. Measurements were made on 19 newborn infants with mean birth weight and gestational age of 3009 g (range, 2700 to 4150 g) and 38.7 wk (range, 36 to 41 wk) at the age of 4 to 7 days before and after IM administration of furosemide in a dose of 1 mg/kg. It was demonstrated that in response to furosemide, urine volume (P less than 0.001), urinary sodium (P less than 0.001), potassium (P less than 0.05), and chloride (P less than 0.001) excretion increased significantly. Furosemide administration also resulted in a significant increase from 4.41 +/- 2.00 to 9.70 +/- 2.32 ng/ml/hr (P less than 0.02) in plasma renin activity, from 1.17 +/- 0.22 to 1.68 +/- 0.36 ng/ml (P less than 0.025) in plasma aldosterone, from 0.93 +/- 0.16 to 1.53 +/- 0.35 microgram/12 hr (P less than 0.025) in urinary aldosterone, from 17.53 +/- 3.37 to 23.73 +/- 3.16 ng/12 hr (P less than 0.025) in prostaglandin E, and from 16.48 +/- 4.12 to 26.27 +/- 4.12 ng/12 hr (P less than 0.05) in prostaglandin F2 alpha. It is concluded that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the neonate responds to acute furosemide challenge in spite of its high baseline activity, and its response may be mediated by increased renal prostaglandin production. PMID- 6992089 TI - Human fetal insulin secretion in response to maternal glucose and leucine administration. AB - Maternal and fetal serum insulin response to glucose, leucine and leucine plus glucose was examined by infusions to normal pregnant women at term immediately before cesarean section. The maternal infusion of glucose (50 g) for 30 or 60 minutes was associated with a marked hyperglycemia and with a rise in serum insulin in mother and fetus. The fetal insulin response to the administration of glucose for 60 minutes was higher (p less than 0.01) than when the same dose was given for 30 minutes, while the blood glucose was lower (p less than 0.01). The maternal infusion of a smaller dose of glucose (25 g) or leucine (15 g) for 60 minutes produced an increase in serum insulin only in the mothers. However the simultaneous administration of these substances stimulated maternal and fetal insulin secretion. The fetal insulin level produced was similar to that seen after the maternal infusion of 50 g of glucose for 60 minutes, while the cord blood glucose was slightly higher but significantly different (p less than 0.01) than that seen in the saline infused group. PMID- 6992088 TI - Immunological assay for the diagnosis of coeliac disease: interaction between purified gluten fractions. AB - Increased leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) production by coeliac patients' lymphocytes is a reliable immunologic test for gluten-sensitive coeliac disease providing the small peptide subfractions of gluten are used as mitogens. To investigate discrepancies in results obtained in various published studies, subfractions (B2 and B3) of crude gluten peptic tryptic digest [Frazer's fraction III (F3)] were used singly and in combination as mitogens in coeliac patients and compared in various doses with F3. There was significant increased production of LIF with B2 or B3 when tested separately as compared to a mixture of B2 +/- B3 or to F3. LIF production with B2 or B3 was 23.7 +/- 6.9%; with B2 + B3, it was 10.65 +/- 14.7% (t = 4.05; P less than 0.0005); and with F3, it was 9.2 +/- 10.2% (t = 5.8; P less than 0.0005). There was no difference in the response between B2 + B3 and F3 (t = 0.4; P = 0.32). Studies of LIF production following stimulation by various doses and combinations of gluten mitogens in the same patient gave the best results with B2 or B3 in 10 microgram doses, with a tendency to less LIF production with higher dosages or combinations of B2 + B3 or F3, even to abolition of LIF production in some coeliac cases. The LIF assay is a reliable immunologic test for gluten sensitivity, providing the B2 or B3 subfractions are used as mitogens. PMID- 6992090 TI - [Training of pediatric personnel in the USSR]. PMID- 6992091 TI - [Diagnostic characteristics of an interventricular septal defect]. PMID- 6992092 TI - [Leninist concern for children in the USSR (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin)]. PMID- 6992094 TI - Harriet Bailey--a psychiatric nurse pioneer. PMID- 6992095 TI - The one-to-one nurse-patient relationship. PMID- 6992093 TI - Iconic memory and visible persistence. PMID- 6992096 TI - The control of sodium excretion by reflexes from the low pressure system independent of adrenal activity. Experiments on conscious dogs. PMID- 6992099 TI - [Comparison of Micro-ID, API 20 E and a conventional technique for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae]. AB - A new system, Micro-ID, for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae is described. 100 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Table I) are identified by Micro-ID and the identifications are compared with the identifications performed by conventional techniques and by the API 20 E system. There is a total agreement between Micro-ID and conventional techniques on 96.5% and between API 20 E and conventional techniques on 90% (Tables II and III). The differences in the reactions between the systems are discussed and explained. It is concluded, that the Micro-ID and the API 20 E both are very suitable for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6992098 TI - Legionnaires' disease with special reference to its epidemiology--A review. PMID- 6992097 TI - [Feeding of E. coli endotoxins to mice]. AB - Large amounts of Escherichia coli endotoxins were fed to young mice. There was no influence on the feed uptake and weight gain and no particular pathological lesions were found. However, there was a tendency towards increased liver and kidney weights. This increase was statistically significant in the group of female mice. PMID- 6992101 TI - [Treatment of bullous pemphigoid by plasma exchanges--two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992100 TI - [Pathogenesis of polymyositis (author's transl)]. AB - There are few convincing arguments for a direct intervention of humoral immunity mediated by specific antibodies or circulating immune complexes. Arguments in favour of a cytotoxic reaction are stronger. The likelihood of an infectious origin is supported by the presence of cell inclusions resembling myxovirus or picorna virus of the coxsackie group, and toxoplasmas may also be involved. The high incidence of associated cancers has given rise to speculations on the relationship between the two diseases, such as: myotoxic substances secreted by malignant tumours, delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a common antigen, or different effects of a single hypothetic causal agent. PMID- 6992102 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid. Therapeutic efficacy and limitations of plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6992103 TI - [The treatment of diabetes. For a real preventive treatment of the vascular risk]. PMID- 6992104 TI - [From the death of Louis XV to the vaccination of the king of Rome]. PMID- 6992105 TI - [Pituitary insufficiency and auto-immunity (author's transl)]. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence study of the serum of 37 patients with anterior pituitary disease suggested that in a number of them an auto-immune process intervened in the pathogenesis of the condition. Seven sera reacted positively to human pituitary gland and 15 to rat pituitary gland. Auto-antibodies directed specifically against one or several types of pituitary cells seem to be more frequent in pituitary insufficiencies involving one or two hormones. These are more readily detectable when rat pituitary glands are used, and only by this technique can auto-antibodies directed against ACTH-secreting cells be detected. PMID- 6992106 TI - [Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis: a frequent case of terminal renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and forty end-stage kidneys removed during transplantation, were studied by immunofluorescence. Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis was demonstrated in 24 cases. Since mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis accounts for 10% of the cases of terminal renal failure requiring transplantation, its prognosis is not as mild as it was initially believed. About one third of the patients must eventually develop renal insufficiency. Such an unfavourable course is even possible when the disease began during childhood. PMID- 6992107 TI - [Acute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis following renal transplantation. Treatment with acycloguanosine]. PMID- 6992108 TI - [Foetal pancreas implants in an insulin-dependent patient. Technique and clinical results (author's transl)]. AB - Fragments of foetal pancreatic buds taken before the 10th week of gestation, stored at - 196 degrees C and cultivated on artificial media were implanted in an adult, insulin-dependent diabetic patient. Following a 2 weeks latent period, the clinical symptoms of diabetes regressed within 2 months, although all insulin treatment had been withdrawn. These results have now been maintained for 11 months, but major overloads in carbohydrates are imperfectly controlled. PMID- 6992109 TI - [Kinetics of CFU.c population after autoiogous bone marrow graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992110 TI - The passionate humanist: from Nightingale to the new nurse. PMID- 6992112 TI - Air ambulance: how an air ambulance brings a new heart. PMID- 6992114 TI - Stress and relaxation: the space between your ears. PMID- 6992113 TI - Where now for psychiatric nursing? Steps along the way. PMID- 6992111 TI - Haemodialysis and renal transplantation: the family's response. PMID- 6992115 TI - Heart transplant: a chance for life. Interview by Ruth Devlin. PMID- 6992116 TI - Yoga: the serene way to fitness. PMID- 6992117 TI - Down Memory Lane: burial at sea. PMID- 6992118 TI - Stress and tension: controlling a tense moment. PMID- 6992119 TI - COHSE: pioneers from the past. PMID- 6992120 TI - [Role of kallikrein in the pathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 6992122 TI - [Erythrocyte lipids and the changes in their components in liver diseases]. PMID- 6992121 TI - [Gastroenterological complications following renal transplantation. I. Hepatic complications]. PMID- 6992123 TI - [Development of lymphoma and leukemia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs]. PMID- 6992124 TI - [Prof. Jan Kossakowski]. PMID- 6992125 TI - [Surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6992126 TI - [Management of vein injuries]. PMID- 6992127 TI - What nurses should know about administering "new drugs". PMID- 6992128 TI - [Plasmid R-determined variability of bacteria. II. Effect of conjugational properties of plasmids R on the variability of bacteria]. PMID- 6992130 TI - [Role of the spleen in immunological processes]. PMID- 6992129 TI - [Biological properties of antineoplastic drugs linked with macromolecular vehicles]. PMID- 6992131 TI - Effect of bromocriptine on maturity onset diabetes. AB - The effect of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, and the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide, on glucose tolerance was examined in maturity onset diabetics and normal subjects. After bromocriptine there was a lowered fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in the diabetics. The controls showed an initial improvement in glucose tolerance. A reduction in insulin levels and a marked fall in plasma prolactin was observed in all subjects. Growth hormone concentrations were low and unaffected in the diabetics, and there was an inconsistent rise in the normals. After metoclopramide there was some impairment in glucose tolerance in the normal subjects, but this was not significant in the diabetics. There was also a marked prolactin release in all subjects, but no significant effect on insulin or growth hormone. It is concluded that bromocriptine lowers the blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetics. This action may be the result of the lowered prolactin which occurred without a concomitant rise in growth hormone. PMID- 6992132 TI - Recurrent insulin resistance. AB - The patient described developed 2 separate episodes of insulin resistance and on each occassion daily administration of soluble insulin in a daily dose of 980 units failed to achieve satisfactory control. Both episodes responded to steroid therapy. The maximum binding capacity of the serum for insulin was measured on each occasion; in the first episode it was grossly elevated whereas the second time the level was unremarkable. She is currently free of diabetic complications and satisfactorily controlled on a sulphonylurea and diet. PMID- 6992133 TI - Glimpses into the North Dakota story. PMID- 6992134 TI - [Psychological symptoms in the bone marrow donor and the significance of attendant psychotherapy]. PMID- 6992135 TI - [Immobilization of acid proteinase from Aspergillus awamori on inorganic carriers with carboxylic groups]. AB - To achieve acid proteinase immobilization on inorganic carriers with carboxylic groups, water soluble carbodiimides and N-carbethoxy-2-ethoxy-1,2 dihydrochinoline were used. The influence of different concentrations of the native enzyme and carbodiimides on the immobilization process was studied. The preparations of immobilized acid proteinase were obtained. Its specific activity was 73% in relation to initial activity of enzyme. Amount of binding protein was 31% and amount of binding activity was 23%. Temperature optimum of immobilized proteinase was 40-45 degrees, termostability was than immobilized enzyme. PMID- 6992137 TI - [Tuberculosis control in the USSR conducted in accordance with the ideas of V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 6992136 TI - [Preparative isolation of polyribosomes from E. coli, and examination of their properties]. AB - The paper describes a preparative method to produce polyribosomes from E. coli via their precipitation in a step-by-step sucrose gradient in the Ti-15 zonal rotor. Polyribosomes had the ability to translate mRNA in vitro. Polyribosomal proteins were isolated by the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis. The elongation factor EF-G was shown to occur in the polyribosomes. PMID- 6992138 TI - [Significance of precipitating antibodies to bacterial antigens in the blood in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6992139 TI - [Pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 6992140 TI - [History of the development of the control of tuberculosis in the USSR (1918 1924)]. PMID- 6992141 TI - Nicholas Senn--surgeon and traveler. PMID- 6992142 TI - Defence mechanisms in health and disease. PMID- 6992143 TI - Kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in renovascular hypertension in rats. PMID- 6992144 TI - Serum somatomedin activity in two animal models as measured using chick epiphyseal plate cartilage bioassay. PMID- 6992145 TI - Nutrition of prostate cells. PMID- 6992146 TI - The morality of buying organ transplants. Case for discussion. PMID- 6992148 TI - The role of controlled therapeutic investigations. PMID- 6992147 TI - Third conference on ethics, humanism, and medicine April 7, 1979. PMID- 6992149 TI - Hydrolysis of methylprednisolone hemisuccinate to methylprednisolone by a nonspecific carboxylesterase. PMID- 6992150 TI - [Urease inhibitors]. PMID- 6992151 TI - Isotope dilution technique for the estimation of l-alpha-[2-3H]-acetylmethadol and its metabolites in biological samples. AB - An isotope dilution technique for the determination of l-alpha-(2-3H) acetylmethadol and its metabolites from biological samples is described. The parent drug and metabolites were extracted from biological samples with chlorobutane after the addition of unlabeled internal standards. The extracts were purified by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for quantification by gas-liquid chromatography and scintillation counting. Dinoracetylmethadol (NNAM) was found to be converted to 6-acetamido-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol (AMIDE) during the extraction procedure. The conversion of NNAM to AMIDE was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6992152 TI - Pharmacology of verapamil. II. Impairment of glucose tolerance by verapamil in the conscious dog. AB - The effect of verapamil on glucose tolerance and insulin release in conscious, healthy dogs was studied at plasma drug concentrations which produce therapeutic cardiovascular effects. Plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured serially in each animal for 90 min after an intravenous glucose challenge (400 mg/kg), both during a control study and again during administration of verapamil. The drug was given by infusion protocols to produce plasma concentrations at low (84 +/- 9 ng/ml), intermediate (161 +/- 30 ng/ml), and high (367 +/- 51 ng/ml) ranges. Insulin release was impaired and glucose levels elevated at both the intermediate and the high verapamil concentrations, and to a similar degree. The reduction in insulin release and subsequent increase in plasma glucose is a pharmacologic effect of verapamil which occurs at drug concentrations likely to be achieved during clinical use. PMID- 6992154 TI - Serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs. Interpretation and clinical value. PMID- 6992153 TI - Acute pretreatment with pyrazole and ethanol: effects on glucose-induced changes in insulin and glucagon. AB - Ethanol suppressed, in a dose-related manner, glucose-induced insulin (IRI) release and thus delayed the disappearance of glucose from the blood of rats. Pretreatment with pyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, exacerbated the effect of ethanol on IRI release, glucose tolerance and glucagon (IRG) release. These results suggest that ethanol produces glucose intolerance by inhibiting glucose-induced IRI release and by augmenting IRG release. Moreover, these findings indicate that ethanol does not have to be metabolized completely in order to produce these effects. PMID- 6992155 TI - Membrane transport of alkylating agents. PMID- 6992156 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms in essential hypertension. PMID- 6992157 TI - The influence of synthetic homoribopolynucleotide complexes on the immune response. PMID- 6992158 TI - Anaerobic techniques for spectrophotometric studies of oxidative enzymes with low oxidation-reduction potentials. PMID- 6992159 TI - Metabolism of insecticides by mixed function oxidase systems. PMID- 6992160 TI - Drug biotransformation in the placenta. PMID- 6992161 TI - Inhibition of microbial growth by naturally-occurring purine bases and ribonucleosides. PMID- 6992163 TI - Prometheus and Sisyphus: medical mythology. PMID- 6992162 TI - Degradation of pyrimidines and pyrimidine analogs--pathways and mutual influences. PMID- 6992164 TI - Meditation on the subject of holes in the head. PMID- 6992165 TI - Vesicle hypothesis of the release of quanta of acetylcholine. PMID- 6992166 TI - Water permeability of lipid membranes. PMID- 6992168 TI - Jerzy Cytawa (1933-1979). PMID- 6992167 TI - Regulation of the metabolism of vitamin D. PMID- 6992169 TI - Status asthmaticus--a case history. PMID- 6992170 TI - Effects of laser, scalpel, and electrosurgical excision on wound contracture and graft "take". AB - Current literature recommends the use of a carbon dioxide laser for excision of lesions where minimal damage and wound contracture are desirable. The extent of tissue damage is evaluated as a correlate of percentage of split-thickness skin graft "take" following excision of full-thickness skin with scalpel, electrocutting current, or carbon dioxide laser. The poorest overall percentage "take" is apparent following laser excision, while the highest overall percentage "take" occurs following scalpel excision. Wound contracture, an inherent part of wound healing, is reportedly minimal or clinically inapparent with laser excision. On the contrary, this experimental evaluation suggests that wound contracture following laser excision is at least as great if not greater than that following other methods of excision when a split-thickness skin graft is applied to the wound bed. PMID- 6992172 TI - Preferential use of end-to-side arterial anastomoses in free flap transfers. PMID- 6992171 TI - A lip saver, a time saver, and a mind saver in cleft lip surgery. PMID- 6992173 TI - Plus ca change... PMID- 6992174 TI - Obituary: Paul P. Pickering, M.D.; 1911-1979. PMID- 6992175 TI - Blockade of vasoconstrictor responses by prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2, and PGE1 in the rabbit hindquarters vascular bed. AB - The effects of infusions of prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2 and PGE1 on responses to pressor hormones and sympathetic nerve stimulation were investigated in the hindquarters vascular bed of the rabbit. During infusions of PGI2, PGE2 and PGE1 vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, nerve stimulation and angiotensin II were decreased. Responses to the pressor hormones and nerve stimulation were decreased to a similar extent by PGI2 and responses returned to control value 30 min after the infusion. During infusions of PGE2 and PGE1 responses to nerve stimulation were decreased to a somewhat greater extent than responses to pressor hormones and the inhibitory action of these substances had a longer duration of action than PGI2. Indomethacin in doses that blocked depressor responses to arachidonic acid was without consistent effect on responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones. The present data show that E series prostaglandins and PGI2 possess the ability to modulate responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones; however, experiments with indomethacin suggest that endogenous prostaglandins do not modulate vasoconstrictor responses in the rabbit hindquarters. PMID- 6992176 TI - The effects of prostaglandins E2 and I2, and arachidonic acid on vascular reactivity to norepinephrine in isolated rat mesenteric artery, hind limb and splenic artery. AB - The effects of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and I2 (PGI2), arachidonic acid, and indomethacin on the vascular reactivity to norepinephrine were tested in three different isolated rat vascular beds (mesenteric artery, hind limb and splenic artery) perfused with the Krebs bicarbonate solution. In these vascular beds PGE2 (0.25--16 ng/ml), PGI2 (0.1--100 ng/ml), arachidonic acid (0.1--10 micrograms/ml) or indomethacin (5--25 micrograms/ml) in the perfusate did not change the basal pressure. In the splenic artery, both PGE2 and PGI2 attenuated the vascular response to norepinephrine in a dose-related manner. In the mesenteric vascular bed and the hind limb, however, PGE2 potentiated the vascular response to norepinephrine, while PGI2 attenuated this response. Acahidonic acid, a prostaglandin precursor, potentiated the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine in the mesenteric artery and the hind limb, whereas in the splenic artery, attenuation of the response to norepinephrine occurred. In these three vascular beds, indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, attenutated the vascular response to norepinephrine. In the mesenteric artery and the hind limb, PGE2 and not PGI2 reversed the effect of indomethacin, while in the splenic artery, neither PGE2 nor PGI2 reversed the inhibitory effect of indomethacin. These results suggest that, at least in the rat mesenteric artery and the hind limb where the modulating effect of arachidonic acid is similar to that of PGE2, PGE2 and not PGI2 is a primary endogenous prostaglandin in determining the vascular reactivity to norepinephrine. PMID- 6992177 TI - Effects of frusemide on plasma concentrations of renin and prostaglandins E and A in fetal sheep. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins in the regulation of fetal vascular homeostasis was investigated by measuring hemodynamic and hormonal responses to fetal administration of frusemide in ten intact and five bilaterally nephrectomised fetal lambs. The increase in fetal arterial pH and the fall in pCO2 following treatment with frusemide suggests that this drug may influence placental exchange of blood gases. The increase in plasma renin activity without accompanying changes in plasma PGE does not support a direct relationship between renin release and renal prostaglandin E production in the fetal lamb. PMID- 6992178 TI - Treatable risk factors--hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and hypertension--after myocardial infarction: implications of the coronary drug project data for clinical management. Coronary Drug Project Research Group. AB - Data from the five-year follow-up of the 2789 men in the placebo group of the Coronary Drug Project indicate that serum cholesterol level elevation and cigarette smoking, both remediable factors, adversely affect morbidity and mortality following recovery from myocardial infarction. Although the most powerful predictive factors of mortality from coronary heart disease were those related to the status of the myocardium (selected electrocardiographic changes, cardiomegaly, New York Heart Association functional classification), these features are basically irremediable. These observations suggest that benefit may ensue from measures that can safely reduce elevated serum cholesterol levels or lead to cessation of smoking or both and that use of these two interventions appears prudent in patients recovered from myocardial infarction. Data regarding hypertension are less clear; at present the evidence would suggest that management of mild hypertension following myocardial infarction should give emphasis to sodium restriction and reduction of weight, when appropriate. PMID- 6992179 TI - Body feeling in human relations: the possible examples of Brancusi and Giacometti. AB - "The body's cross-roads," in Rilke's words, "are the celestial streets that form what we are" (p. 227). "The evidential sensation of the whole body, not only of its weight, but also of its size, extension and sense of fullness" (Federn, p. 41), is with us all the time. Yet to much of this body feeling we pay no attention at all. The experience of the body is not independent of the environment, but is influenced by the interchange between an individual and the sensations which his environment gives to him. Of these sensations, the most important are clearly those produced by the complex stimuli of the social world. It is my thesis that body feeling is influenced by one's form of personal relationship, and that aspects of this bodily experience may be expressed in some modern sculpture. In addition, these changes in bodily experience may be determined by the working of a "sensory filter" and so have a neurophysiological basis. PMID- 6992180 TI - Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment. AB - Psychiatric epidemiology has advanced considerably since early studies of hospital populations. The direction of this advance has been away from the study of populations of hospital psychiatric patients towards the study of psychiatric disorder in general practice and the community as a whole. Just as the populations under study have different defining characteristics, so have the individuals who comprise them. Psychosis becomes less and less common at greater distances from the hospital patient, and in the community the epidemiologist is faced with large numbers of respondents who present with fewer, minor and non specific symptoms. In this review, we present evidence to indicate that concepts of case definition and case identification are insufficiently advanced so far, and are still rooted in ideas derived from hospital psychiatry. Foremost among these is an exclusive preoccupation with diagnosis and symptoms. We suggest that this may be inadequate for the study of non-psychotic disturbance in the community, and discuss other models of case definition, encompassing personality and social functioning as well as psychiatric symptomatology. PMID- 6992181 TI - Scientific thought and the boundary of insanity and criminal responsibility. AB - The insanity defence is considered in terms of the operation of incommensurable scientific and legal discourses, a dualism which in turn is held to reflect individualist values. This analysis is used to explain both the recurring nature of medico-legal controversy and the historical results of the defence in Victorian England. PMID- 6992183 TI - From social medicine to social psychiatry: the achievement of Sir Aubrey Lewis. AB - A brief account is given of the evolution of the concept of social psychiatry and its relationship to that of social medicine. The central role played in its scientific development by Sir Aubrey Lewis is traced in some detail. PMID- 6992182 TI - The psychology and psychiatry of Henrik Sjobring (1879--1956). AB - An outline is provided of Henrik Sjobring's contributions to psychology and psychiatry. Emphasis is placed on the significance of his work on mental functioning, personality dimensions and lesional disorders. PMID- 6992184 TI - Meditation and the EEG. AB - Previous research on meditation and the EEG is described, and findings relating to EEG patterns during meditation are discussed. Comparisons of meditation with other altered states are reviewed and it is concluded that, on the basis of existing EEG evidence, there is some reason for differentiating between meditation and drowsing. Research on alpha-blocking and habituation of the blocking response during meditation is reviewed, and the effects of meditation on EEG patterns outside of meditation are described. In conclusion, the need for more precisely formulated research is pointed out. PMID- 6992185 TI - Contributions to psychohistory: IV. Individual experience in historiography and psychoanalysis: significance of Erik Erikson and Robert Coles. PMID- 6992186 TI - Different endocrinal and hemodynamic response patterns to various noxious stimuli. AB - Various endocrinal and hemodynamic parameters of 5 patients during a cardiovascular investigation were assessed in and after the adaptation phase, and together with the following noxious stimuli in random order: reading a confusion color chart based on the principle of interference in color perception, cold pressure test, isometric stress with a hand ergometer. The following parameters were assessed: arginine vasopressin, renin, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance in the adaptation phase and during the various psychological and physical demand situations as well as 5 min afterwards. The results show that the organism reacts to the various stimuli with endocrinal and hemodynamic responses in a differentiated pattern in contrast to the model of the "alarm reaction" which, according to Cannon, states a homogeneous directed response with regard to the various parameters. PMID- 6992187 TI - The Public Health Service leprosy investigation station on Molokai, Hawaii, 1909 13--an opportunity lost. PMID- 6992188 TI - Leprosy research and the public health service--a brief chronological resume. PMID- 6992189 TI - Potable water and village health: is primary prevention affordable? PMID- 6992190 TI - Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in irradiated yeast cells under nongrowth conditions. PMID- 6992191 TI - The effects of microwave radiation and heat on specific mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. PMID- 6992192 TI - Cell-cycle-specific repair of DNA double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6992193 TI - Exotic infectious diseases: smallpox. PMID- 6992194 TI - Exotic infectious diseases: malaria. PMID- 6992195 TI - Radiographic methods in total hip arthroplasty. AB - Widespread acceptance of total hip arthroplasty has occurred in the United States. A review of the literature indicates the following: 1. Better binding material and methods of total hip arthroplasty will be developed. 2. Total hip arthroplasty will be done on younger patients. 3. There will be an increase in total hip replacements. 4. An increase in simultaneous bilateral total hip replacement will occur. 5. There is a need for standardization of the technique and positioning when radiographing the patient who undergone total hip replacement. A radiographic routine for the patient with a total hip replacement should include the following: 1. An anteroposterior projection of the pelvis or an anteroposterior projection of the hip. Either projection should be obtained with the toes pointing upward and not inverted. The entire prosthesis should be included on the radiograph. 2. A lateral projection of the entire prosthesis using the 15 degree posterior angle method. The advantages to this routine are:no special equipment is required, the lack of movement required by the patient and the ease in obtaining these projections regardless of the patient's condition. PMID- 6992197 TI - In memoriam. Otto H. Grunow, M.D., F.A.C.R. PMID- 6992196 TI - 125I-fibrinogen uptake following phlebography of the leg. Comparison of ionic and nonionic contrast media. AB - The incidence of venous thrombosis diagnosed with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test was investigated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study with the patient serving as his own control, using an ionic contrast medium (methylglucamine iothalamate 280) in one leg and a nonionic medium (metrizamide) in the other. The incidence of thrombosis was significantly lower with metrizamide (7%) than with methylglucamine iothalamate (28.6%). The authors conclude that metrizamide is the contrast medium of choice for phlebography. PMID- 6992198 TI - In memoriam. George Jacobson, M.D. PMID- 6992199 TI - In memoriam. Philip M. Johnson, M.D. PMID- 6992201 TI - In memoriam. Harvey I. Meyers, M.D. PMID- 6992200 TI - In memoriam. J. Reginald Lingley, M.D. PMID- 6992202 TI - In memoriam. Douglas E. Thomson, M.D. PMID- 6992203 TI - Cervical myelography and posterior fossa examinations with amipaque: use of magnification and subtraction. AB - Metrizamide (Amipaque) was introduced via a modified C1--C2 puncture with the patient in the oblique position to study the cervical spine and posterior fossa. Biplane magnification and subtraction were employed. Results were excellent and reproducible. Subtraction is needed to evaluate the cerebellopontine angles, where both sides can be examined using a single puncture. PMID- 6992204 TI - A new device for the safe delivery of stainless steel coils. AB - A new device for the safe delivery of the Gianturco stainless steel coils is described, which can be selectively placed in a predetermined area. PMID- 6992205 TI - William J. Tuddenham, M.D., Editor of Educational Materials. PMID- 6992206 TI - In memoriam: Donald E. Dietrich, M.D. 1916--1979. PMID- 6992207 TI - In memoriam: Murray E. Goodrich, M.D., F.A.C.R., F.A.C.P. 1895--1978. PMID- 6992208 TI - In memoriam: Aurel Haber, M.D. 1914--1979. PMID- 6992209 TI - In memoriam: James Norman Harvie, M.D., F.R.C.P. (C) 1920--1979. PMID- 6992210 TI - In memoriam: Arthur F. Hunter, M.D. 1908--1980. PMID- 6992211 TI - In memoriam: Geza George Kopstein, M.D. 1900--1979. PMID- 6992213 TI - In memoriam: Alfred C. Ledoux, M.D. 1903--1979. PMID- 6992212 TI - In memoriam: Richard J. LaVigne, M.D. 1915--1980. PMID- 6992214 TI - Renal parenchymal malacoplakia. AB - Malacoplakia is a rare inflammatory disease which usually involves the bladder and only rarely affects the renal parenchyma. The clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings in 5 cases of renal parenchymal malacoplakia (RPM) are presented and 30 cases from the literature are reviewed. Most patients are middle aged women with E. coli pyelonephritis. Radiographically, two patterns of involvement are recognized: multifocal and unifocal. The prognosis depends on the pattern and extent of RPM; long-term survival is possible with appropriate therapy. PMID- 6992215 TI - Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Despite some confusion in the literature, drug-induced SLE is a well defined reversible clinical entity. The lupus syndromes induced by procainamide, hydralazine, and isoniazid have been well studied and the data obtained have been convincing. Other drugs may also induce a lupus syndrome, but adequate prospective studies have not been done. Furthermore, many other drugs previously incriminated appear to activate spontaneous SLE rather than induce the de novo lupus syndrome. The mechanism by which procainamide, hydralazine, and isoniazid exert their effect is not known, and animal studies have been unrewarding. However, hydralazine and procainamide are capable of complexing with nuclear antigens in vitro and possibly in vivo and may evoke antinuclear antibody responses in this way. A number of defined factors influence the development of the clinical syndrome, including the cumulative drug dosage, the acetylator phenotype of the individual, and the biochemical nature of the drug. Studies to date have not revealed how these drugs induce the clinical disease. While these agents may induce antinuclear antibodies in many individuals, genetic influences may be important in determining which patients will develop clinical symptoms. Further study of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus is necessary in order to resolve these problems regarding pathogenesis. The resolution of these problems may shed light on the pathogenesis of spontaneous SLE. PMID- 6992216 TI - Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor: clinical significance and experimental applications. PMID- 6992217 TI - Prospects for the clinical control of IgE synthesis. PMID- 6992218 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 6992219 TI - Immune responses of human lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6992220 TI - Calcitonin increases porcine vascular prostacyclin formation. PMID- 6992221 TI - Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and indomethacin on neonatal lamb mesenteric and renal artery responses to electrical stimulation and norepinephrine. AB - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and indomethacin on isolated neonatal lamb mesenteric and renal artery responses to electrical stimulation and injected norepinephrine were investigated. PGI2 (1 micro M) decreased baseline tension and significantly reduced vasoconstrictor responses to electrical stimulation and norepinephrine. Indomethacin raised baseline tension and potentiated the constrictor responses. PGI2 reversed completely the potentiating effects of indomethacin. These results suggest that PGI2 may modulate the response to adrenergic stimuli in the mesenteric and renal arteries of neonatal lambs. PMID- 6992222 TI - Effects of uterine stimulant drugs on prostacyclin production by the pregnant rat myometrium. I. Oxytocin, bradykinin and PGF2 alpha. AB - The release of prostacyclin from chopped myometrial fractions of 18-20 day pregnant rats was assayed by inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation of citrated rabbit platelet-rich plasma. Preincubation of myometrial tissue with oxytocin 10 mU/ml increased prostacyclin generation from 2.25 +/- 0.48 (control) to 3.75 +/- 0.73 ng/mg over 15 minutes. Bradykinin 20 microgram/ml also caused a significant increase in myometrial prostacyclin output from 2.26 +/- 0.19 to 4.26 +/- 0.64 ng/mg. PGF2 alpha 1 microgram/ml did not increase prostacyclin release significantly. Pretreatment of myometrial tissue with the phospholipase inhibitor mepacrine significantly reduced the peptide-stimulated release of prostacyclin. The results suggest that prostacyclin production may play an important role in modulating the actions of oxytocin and bradykinin in the pregnant rat myometrium. PMID- 6992224 TI - Synthesis and chiroptical characterization of prostacyclin diastereomers. AB - In the mercuri- and halo-cyclizations of PGF2 alpha methyl ester and its 11,15 bis(alpha- ethoxyethyl)-ether (or other protected forms) the exo-PGI1 derivative predominates independent of reagent and degree of protection of the PGF2 alpha sample used. Diastereomerically pure samples of exo- and endo-PGI1 and prostacycline (PGI2) were prepared. PGI0 epimers were prepared: catalytic hydrogenation of PGI2 Me ester provides exclusively the endo isomer. PGI2 methyl ester was found to be stable to extensive chromatography on silica, and to storage for at least a year in anhydrous ethanol at -20 degrees C. At pH 7.4 in 2:1 H2O:EtOH, the ester has a half-life in excess of 5 hr at 25 degrees C. A reproducible small scale (0.4-3 mg) synthesis of prostacyclin uses a modification of Whittaker's iodocyclization followed by DBN treatment. This procedure, developed with 15-3H-PGF2 alpha, proved widely applicable to PGF2 alpha analogs and diastereomers. The following prostacyclins (in the Me ester and Na salt forms) bearing the 5-en-6-yl ether unit were prepared in this way: ent-PGI2, rac PGI2, 15-epi-PGI2, ent-15-epi-PGI2, 11-epi-PGI2, 8,9,12-epi-PGI2, E-PGI2, 13,14 dihydro-PGI2, and 13,14-dihydro-15-epi-PGI2. NMR comparisons for the methyl esters reveal that of the resonances (H-5,9,UU, 15) that appear at delta 4.0 +/- 0.6 ppm, the most deshielded is H-9 so long as the 5.6-olefin is Z. The 8R,9S-6,9 oxido-Z-5,6-ene unit is most readily characterized by its strong positive dichroic absorption at 210-230 nm. CD spectroscopy not only serves to confirm the presence of this unit in analogs, but also can be used for quantitative analysis of PGI2 solutions and for monitoring the rate of hydrolytic cleavage of these enol ethers. PMID- 6992223 TI - Selective antagonism of the systemic vasodepressor response to PGE1 by d,1-11, 15 bisdeoxy PGE1. AB - Several bisdeoxy PGE1 analogs are potent, competitive antagonists of PGE1-induced colonic contractions in the gerbil. The efficacy of these analogs in antagonizing PGE1-mediated systemic vasodepression has not been previously demonstrated. In this study, serial doses of PGs were administered before, during and after infusion of d,1-11, 15-bisdeoxy PGE1. Bolus injections of PGE1 (3.0 muk/kg), PGE2 (3.0 micrograms/kg) and PGI2 (0.3 microgram/kg) were administered via the right external jugular vein to male Wistar rats. PGE1, PGE2 and PGI2 decreased systemic arterial pressure 41%, 38% and 38%, respectively. The PGE1 analog was infused (200 micrograms/kg/min) through the right common carotid artery. The analog itself had no effect on mean systemic arterial pressure, but maximum reversible inhibition (51%) of PGE1-mediated vasodepression occurred following a 50 minute infusion. No significant effect of the PGE1 analog was observed on PGE2 or PGI2 mediated vasodepression. These data demonstrate the ability to antagonize PGE1 mediated vasodepression, and to differentiate the vascular responses to PGE1 and PGE2 or PGI2. PMID- 6992225 TI - A radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha utilizing an antiserum against 6-methoxime-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Application to study renal in vitro synthesis of prostacyclin. AB - PGI2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were converted to 6-methoxime-PGF1 alpha (6-MeON-PGF1 alpha) by treatment with methoxyamine HCl in acetate buffer. The formed 6-MeON PGF1 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay. Antisera were raised in rabbits after immunization against 6-MeON-PGF1 alpha-BSA conjugate. Diluted 1:20.000 to bind 50% of the tracer (3H-6-MeON-PGF1 alpha, 100 Ci/mmol), the antiserum cross reacted 0.8% with PGE2, 1% with PGF2 alpha and less than 0.2% with PGD2, PGF1 alpha, PGF2 beta and TXB2. The radioimmunoassay was used to estimate release of PGI2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from chopped rabbit renal medulla and cortex incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (37 degrees C, 30 min). The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha radioimmunoassay was validated in biological samples by mass fragmentography. The chopped medulla (n = 5) released 38-+9 ng/g/min and the cortex (n = 5) 4.7-+2-0 ng/g/min, while the release of immunoreactive PGE2 (iPGE2) and iPGF2 alpha was 171-+26 and 74-+13 ng/g/min from the medulla and 4.3-+1.3 and 2.7-+0.3 ng/g/min from the cortex, respectively. The results confirm previous findings, which indicate that in the renal medulla prostaglandin endoperoxides are mainly transformed to prostaglandins, while in the cortex transformation to PGI2 seems to be of greater relative importance. PMID- 6992226 TI - Enhanced release of a 'prostacyclin-like' substance from aortic strips of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The release of an endogenous 'prostacyclin-like' substance from aortic strips of 8 male Wistar rats of the New Zealand genetically hypertensive strain (GH) was compared with that of 8 weight, age and sex matched normotensive Wistar control rats. The amount of 'prostacyclin-like' substance released by the aortic strips into tris buffer, under the influence of mechanical stimulation, was measured by its ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation as compared to the inhibitory effect of standard prostacyclin sodium salt. It was shown that generation of this substance increased with incubation time and that a significantly greater amount was produced by GH rats. PMID- 6992227 TI - Inhibition of vasoconstrictor responses by 6-keto-PGE1 in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. AB - The effects of 6-keto-PGE1 on vascular resistance and vascular responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and vasoconstrictor hormones were investigated in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. Infusions of 6-keto-PGE1 into the superior mesenteric artery dilated the mesenteric vascular bed and markedly inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and angiotensin II. The effects of 6-keto-PGE1 and PGE1 on vascular resistance and vasoconstrictor responses were quite similar and both substances inhibited responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones in a reversible manner. Responses to nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and angiotensin II were inhibited to a similar extent during infusion of 6-keto-PGE1 and PGE1. Results of these studies suggest that 6-keto-PGE1, a newly identified prostaglandin metabolite, and PGE1 possess the ability to inhibit the vasoconstrictor effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and pressor hormones by a non-specific action on vascular smooth muscle in the feline small intestine. PMID- 6992228 TI - Effects of intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) in man. AB - Prostacyclin infused intravenously in human volunteers induces ex vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation, tachycardia and hypotension. The inhibition of platelet aggregation is obtained with slightly lower doses than those which exhibit cardiovascular effects. The cardiovascular effects disappeared within a few minutes after discontinuing the infusion of prostacyclin but the platelet effects were longer lasting. Prostacyclin did not have any effect on platelet count, platelet factor 3, accelerated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, euglobulin clot lysis time, fibrinogen degradation products, blood glucose concentration or urine sodium potassium ratio. PMID- 6992229 TI - Therapeutic value of indomethacin in threatened abortion. AB - One hundred cases of threatened abortion were randomly allocated to four lines of treatment namely, long acting progesterone, antispasmodic, indomethacin and placebo. The lowest success rate was encountered in the indomethacin treated group; symptoms of intolerance were common and three cases out of sixteen turned into missed abortion. Indomethacin does not offer any advantage over other lines of treatment in threatened abortion. PMID- 6992230 TI - Prostacyclin-induced contraction of isolated aortic strips from normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) (500-5,000 ng/ml) produced a concentration-dependent increase in contractile tension of isolated thoracic aortic strips (AS) from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). No significant differences were noted between this response to PGI2 in these two groups. Lower concentrations of PGI2, (10 pg/ml - 100 ng/ml) caused neither contraction nor relaxation of agonist contracted tissue. PGI2 (500-5,000 ng/ml) did not relax KCl or methoxamine contracted AS. In concentrations above 100 ng/ml, PGI2 caused a further increase in tension in KCl-depolarized preparations. The constrictor effect of PGI2 on AS was attenuated by verapamil pretreatment or removal of extracellular Ca++ from the physiological buffer. This inhibitory effect of Ca++ deficiency on the PGI2 response was significantly greater in AS from SHR compared to WKY tissue. The stable metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto PGF1a, caused a weak constrictor effect (40% of KCl reference contraction) over the concentration range 1,000-5,000 ng/ml. Contraction induced by PGI2 was not prevented by pretreatment with antagonists of adrenergic, histamine, serotonin or cholinergic receptors. The contraction response of the rat AS to PGI2 is similar to that reported for porcine coronary artery and rabbit aortic tissues in vitro. PMID- 6992231 TI - Generation of prostacyclin-like substance and lipid peroxidation in vitamin E deficient rats. AB - Endogenous generation of prostacyclin (PGI2)-like substance and lipid peroxidation were studied in the aorta of rats fed on vitamin E-deficient diet and/or vitamin E-supplemented one for 4 to 10 months after they were weaned at 4 weeks. PGI2-like substance was produced by the incubation of the aortic ring in pH 9.0 borate-buffered saline and was estimated by comparison of its antiaggregatory activity with that produced by known amounts of synthetic PGI2. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) was determined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The generation of PGI2-like substance was significantly reduced in rats fed on vitamin E-deficient diet for 8 and 10 months as compared with that in the animals fed on vitamin E-supplemented one for the same period (p less than 0.001). Mean concentration of TBARS in the aortae of rats fed on vitamin E-deficient diet for 10 months was significantly higher than that of the animals fed on vitamin E-supplemented diet for the same feeding period (p less than 0.001). These alterations in the aortae of rats fed on vitamin E-deficient diet were corrected by feeding them on vitamin E-supplemented diet for subsequent 2 months. PMID- 6992232 TI - The effect of PGA1 on the immune response in B-16 melanoma-bearing mice. AB - This study evaluated the effects of PGA1 on B-16 melanoma-bearing mice. Intraperitoneal injection of PGA1 (10 microgram/day) significantly inhibited the rate of melanoma growth measured both as delay in the rate of appearance and decrease in the tumor volume. In contrast to the diluent control-treated mice, by 17 days, less than half of the PGA1-treated animals developed measurable (greater than 2 mm) subcutaneous tumors. In addition to its effect on tumor size, PGA1 was also effective in stimulating both the humoral and cellular components of the immune response. B-16 tumor-bearing mice were shown to be immunosuppressed, in that they had decreased anti-sRBC hemagglutinin titers, decreased splenic plaque forming cells, suppressed delayed hypersensitivity responses, and delayed rejection of skin allografts from BALB/c mice. Although, PGA1 had relatively little effect on normal mice, this prostaglandin substantially improved all these immunologic parameters in tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 6992234 TI - Carbacyclin--a potent stable prostacyclin analogue for the inhibition of platelet aggregation. AB - Carbacyclin is a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin. As an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen in vitro, carbacyclin is 0.03 times as active as prostacyclin in human, dog or rabbit plasma. Carbacyclin, like prostacyclin, reduces systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) in dogs, rabbits and rats and is not inactivated during passage through the pulmonary circulation. Further actions were investigated using a new ex vivo technique which allows rapid preparation of platelet-rich plasma and determination of platelet aggregation. In the dog, intravenous infusion of carbacyclin or prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation ex vivo with minimal effects on BP or heart rate. In the anaesthetised or conscious rabbit, carbacyclin and prostacyclin produces similar cardiovascular changes in doses producing an equivalent degree of platelet inhibition. In both rabbit and dog, carbacyclin is 0.1 times as active as prostacyclin in inhibiting ex vivo platelet aggregation. Platelet inhibition is maintained throughout the period of infusion of either compound (up to 3 h) yet is no longer apparent 10 min after terminating the infusion. Carbacyclin is thus a chemically-stable but metabolically-unstable analogue with a biological profile closely similar to prostacyclin. PMID- 6992233 TI - Short term suppression of hyperacute renal allograft rejection in presensitised dogs with prostacyclin. AB - One of the main features of hyperacute renal allograft rejection in presensitised dogs is platelet aggregation within the kidney as detected by light microscopy and renal arterio-venous platelet counts. Graft failure, as determined by reduction and ultimate cessation of renal blood flow and urine production, can be abrogated in the short term by prostacyclin which is the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation yet discovered. After 4 h of extracorporeal perfusion, by which time all control kidneys had been rejected, all prostacyclin treated kidneys had normal or above normal blood flow rates, were producing urine and were similar histologically (light microscopy) to 4-hour autografts. PMID- 6992235 TI - Comparison in anesthetized dogs of the anti-aggregatory and hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin and a chemically stable prostacyclin analog, 6a-carba-PGI2 (carbacyclin). AB - The intravascular anti-aggregatory and systemic and hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin and carbacyclin were compared by intravenous infusion in pentabarbital anesthetized dogs. Ten times as much carbacyclin was needed to produce comparable inhibition of platelet aggregation in the lumen of partially obstructed circumflex coronary arteries. These doses of carbacyclin caused similar decreases in total peripheral resistance as equi-effective anti aggregatory doses of prostacyclin. There was a trend for the decrease in blood pressure with carbacyclin to be less than that produced by equi-effective anti aggregatory doses of prostacyclin because carbacyclin caused somewhat greater increases in cardiac output. Changes in heart rate were similar with both substances. During carbacyclin and prostacyclin infusion resistance in normal (unobstructed) coronary arteries decreased. Both substances had comparable effects on pulmonary vascular resistance, right atrial pressure and left ventricular dp/dt at equivalent anti-aggregatory doses both before and after atropine (1 mg/kg) and hexamethonium (5 mg/kg). During 5 to 6 hour infusions of carbacyclin there was no evidence of desensitization of dog platelets to the anti aggregatory activity. These results show that carbacyclin has a similar spectrum of activity as prostacyclin and is about one-tenth as potent. PMID- 6992236 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E2, I2 and F2 alpha, arachidonic acid and indomethacin on pressor responses to norepinephrine in conscious rats. AB - The effects of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), I2 (PGI2) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), arachidonic acid and indomethacin on pressor responses to norepinephrine were examined in conscious rats. Intravenously infused PGE2, (0.3, 1.25 micrograms/kg/min), PGI2 (50, 100 ng/kg/min), PGF2 alpha (1.8, 5.4 micrograms/kg/min) and arachidonic acid (0.7, 1.4 mg/kg/min) did not change the basal blood pressure. Both PGE2 and PGI2 significantly attenuated pressor responses to norepinephrine, whereas PGF2 alpha significantly potentiated them. Arachidonic acid, a precursor of the prostaglandings (PGs), significantly attenuated pressor responses to norepinephrine. Since the attenuating effect of arachidonic acid was completely abolished by the pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), arachidonic acid is thought to exert an effect through its conversion to PGs. On the contrary, intravenously injected indomethacin (0.2--5.0 mg/kg) facilitated pressor responses to norepinephrine in a dose-related manner without any direct effect on the basal blood pressure. These results suggest that endogenous PGs may participate in the regulation of blood pressure by modulating pressor responses to norepinephrine in conscious rats. PMID- 6992237 TI - Human platelet rich plasma and human serum protects from inactivation the antiaggregatory capacity of prostacyclin-like material (PGI2) produced by the rat stomach fundus. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthetizing capacity of rat stomach fundus in Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate (KRB); human platelet rich plasma (PRP) or human serum (HS), was explored. The basal production of PGI2-like material was similar in the three media, suggesting the absence of any special substance in plasma or serum able to modify prostacyclin synthesis from tissue substrate. On the other hand it was also documented that in PRP and in HS the antiaggregatory activity of the PGI2 like material declined in its capacity less than 50% following 60 minutes of incubation at 37 degrees C, whereas it almost disappeared when incubated in KRB. Possible explanations underlying such finding are discussed. PMID- 6992238 TI - Human plasma transforms prostacyclin (PGI2) into a platelet antiaggregatory substance which contracts isolated bovine coronary arteries. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) incubated in Human Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP); in Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) or in Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonate (KRB) during different periods of time on contractions of bovine coronary arteries and on the ADP platelet aggregative capacity of human PRP, were explored. It was documented that incubates in PRP or in PPP retain an antiaggregatory activity at higher levels and during a longer time than in KRB. On the other hand, PGI2 incubates in KRB exhibited only a relaxing activity on isolated bovine coronary arteries, whereas when incubated in PRP or in PPP presented a biphasic influence. The initial effects (evoked by incubates of 30 minutes) were distinctly relaxing but those obtained with later incubates (60--150 minutes) stimulated clearly the resting basal tone of the arteries. The possibility that the human plasma might have an enzyme(s) able to transform prostacyclin into a more stable material with human antiaggregatory platelet function and bovine coronary contracting capacity is discussed. PMID- 6992241 TI - [Harold Linckes' attempt to join natural and psychological sciences]. PMID- 6992240 TI - Lidocaine increases prostacyclin in the rat. AB - In the rat, the effect of intravenous lidocaine was evaluated on plasma prostacyclin concentration as well as the concentration of prostacyclin in aortic ring incubation chambers and in the effluent of isolated perfused lungs. Prostacyclin was assayed using a radioimmunoassay for its stable product 6-Keto PGF1 alpha. Lidocaine in therapeutic doses (2 mg/kg) will significantly increase 6-Keto PGF1 alpha in plasma as well as in aortic ring incubation chambers and in the effluent of isolated perfused lungs when compared to saline treated controls. PMID- 6992239 TI - Conversions of prostaglandin endoperoxides by prostacyclin synthase from pig aorta. AB - Partially purified prostacyclin synthase from pig aorta converted the prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide PGH2 to prostacyclin (PGI2), and PGH1 to 12 hydroxy-8,10-heptadecadienoic acid (HHD). Both reactions were inhibited by 15 hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HP) in a dose-dependent rashion. However, the reactions PGH2 leads to PGI2 and PGH1 leads to HHD appeared to differ: substrate availability was rate limiting in the latter reaction, while the enzyme became rapidly saturated witth PGH2 and a steady rate of prostacyclin formation was observed at higher substrate levels. PMID- 6992242 TI - [Intracavitary radiotherapy using remote afterloading technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992243 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux. Surgical fixation to the round ligament (1143 cases). Results]. PMID- 6992244 TI - [Critical evaluation of the usefulness of drugs inhibiting platelet function in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6992245 TI - [Anticoagulant therapy in acute myocardial infarct. Therapeutic indications based on incomplete experimental data]. PMID- 6992246 TI - [Study of the regional distribution of inspired gas with radioactive tracers (author's transl)]. AB - Two different techniques are utilized: aerosol with 198Au particles (size 0.5-15 micron) and different gaz mixtures (air; O2 20% + He 80+; O2 60% + N2 40%; O2 60% + He 40%) with 133Xe and registration of the regional distribution along a wash in (upper, middle and basal) of every lung (gamma camer, computer, Polaroid photographs, scans), performed in three groups of subjects (normal: 5, bronchogenic carcinoma: 11 and chronic bronchitis: 5). Modifications of the airway distribution and blood gas data according to the technical approach (particularly, variations of densities and viscosities) are compared with results in normal subjects. PMID- 6992247 TI - Inspiratory muscle activity during induced hyperinflation. AB - We studied the relationship between inspiratory muscle activity and lung volume in 5 normal subjects in whom hyperinflation to 78-83% VC was induced with exgernal expiratory resistances. While breathing at this high lung volume the most negative pleural pressure (Ppl) during inspiration was -23.4 +/- 2.3 cm H2O (mean +/- 1 SE), whereas the maximum expiratory Ppl was -4.2 +/- 1.6 in four and +31 cm H2O in one subject. Using relaxation pressure-volume curves of the chest wall, we reasoned that in the 4 subjects inspiratory muscles showed a substantial persistence of activity throughout expiration. The minimum inspiratory muscle force (Pmus) during expiration was 35.9 +/- 8.4% of the peak inspiratory Pmus. Similarly, the work of the inspiratory muscles in expiration was 57.8 +/- 9.5% of the work during inspiration. In all 5 subjects the diaphragm relaxed almost completely in expiration, as evidenced by the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), which fell during expiration to 10.0 +/- 4.1% of the peak inspiratory Pdi. Inspiratory intercostal and scalene electromyographic recordings, obtained in 3 subjects, demonstrated substantial activity in expiration. We conclude that during external, resistive, expiratory loading the volume of hyperinflation is influenced by persistent activity of inspiratory muscles in expiration, and that this is due largely to the inspiratory intercostal and accessory muscles rather than the diaphragm. PMID- 6992249 TI - The "Revue de Laryngologie" and the E.N.T. School of Bordeaux are a hundred years old. PMID- 6992250 TI - [Jose Prades Pla, Barcelona (Spain)]. PMID- 6992248 TI - [Trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis: similarities and differences]. PMID- 6992252 TI - [1980 - year of the centenary of the "Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande"]. PMID- 6992251 TI - The Bordeaux School of ENT in the nineteenth century as seen by a Spanish practitioner, Ricardo Botey. PMID- 6992253 TI - [Disaccharidase deficiencies. Clinical, nutritional and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6992256 TI - [Rheumatology in 1977, 1978, 1979]. PMID- 6992255 TI - [CT-diagnosis of suprarenal gland diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992257 TI - [Ulcero-mutilating acropathies of the foot]. PMID- 6992254 TI - Lady physicians. PMID- 6992258 TI - [Eric Martin (1900-1980)]. PMID- 6992260 TI - Recurrent ulcer 5 1/2--8 years after highly selective vagotomy without drainage and selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty. AB - The recurrent ulcer rates in a prespective randomised trial amounted to 26% and 14%, 5 1/2 t0 8 years after highly selective vagotomy without drainage (HSV) and selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty (SV). Long duration of symptoms before HSV increased the risk of recurrence. High preoperative maximum acid secretion increased the risk of recurrence after SV Furthermore, long duration of symptoms and slow postoperative gastric emptying possibly increased the risk of recurrence after SV. Imcomplete vagotomy as expressed by the quantitative acid response to insulin was also considered to be of significance for the risk of recurrence in the present study. PMID- 6992259 TI - The influence of cimetidine on the acid gastro-oesophageal reflux in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Using a method described earlier, an investigation of the gastro-oesophageal region was made on duodenal ulcer patients before and during cimetidine treatment. During cimetidine treatment there was a small increase in the gastro oesophageal sphincter pressure (p less than 0.05), although the pressure still was lower than in normal individuals (p less than 0.05). The acid perfusion test and the acid-clearing test were unchanged. The intensity of the acid gastro oesophageal reflux at pH less than or equal to 4 was reduced p less than 0.05) but still greater than in normal individuals (p less than 0.05). A tendency to an increase of the intragastric pH postprandially (0.05 less than p less than 0.01) was found during treatment, whereas the intragastric pH fasting 12 h after the intake of the last tablet was unchanged. There was no change in the number of amplitudes registered at the proximal and distal pressure catheters (p greater than 0.1), whereas the reversed peristaltic activity still was increased compared with normal individuals (p less than 0.00u). Before treatment a reflux episode at pH less than or equal to 3 needed longer time and greater peristaltic activity to be cleared than was the case during treatment. Nineteen of 20 patients improved their symptoms during treatment. Cimetidine increased the gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure in duodenal ulcer patients, which may be due to either the reduced intragastric acid secretion or to a direct influence on the gastro oesophageal region. The reduction in the acid gastro-oesophageal reflux is partly due to an increased gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure and partly due to a reduced output of acid reflux material. Low pH and the volume of the reflux material in the distal part of the oesophagus are important in regulating the peristaltic activity in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 6992261 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis defect in IgA deficiency evaluated by migration agarose method. AB - The chemotactic and random mobility functions of twelve selectively IgA-deficient patients were evaluated by a method using agarose gel. A severe polymorphonuclear cellular chemotactic defect was found in ten out of twelve patients, but only five of them also showed a marked associated impairment of random locomotory function. Furthermore, in one subject, levamisole therapy resulted in a dramatic improvement of both chemotactic and random mobility functions. These results are discussed in the paper with respect to the possible pathogenetic implications. PMID- 6992262 TI - Repair of bone grafts. A vital microscopic and histological investigation in the rabbit. AB - Using a vital microscopic method--the titanium chamber--it has been possible for the first time to dynamically follow the healing patterns in ortotopical cancellous and cortical bone grafts. Cancellous grafts healed by an initial strong osteogenetic phase without previous resorption of pre-existing bone trabeculae. Cortical grafts occasionally also healed primarily with osteogenesis, however rapidly followd by a dominant resorptive phase. A second and much stronger osteogenetic phase followed 60 days or more after grafting. Lamellated bone was as a rule preceded by woven bone of which two different types are described. Woven bone observed before grafting became lamellated afterwards which might be taken as an indication of survival of grafted woven bone. Numerous Howships lacunae, giving the bone a wavy appearance, were seen at resorption of bone trabeculae. In dense bone creeping substitution was observed. The cutter heads moved with an estimated rate of 30--40 microns a day. The resorption canals were later replaced by new bone formation. Vascular penetration rate in a cancellous graft was calculated to maximum 0.2--0.4 mm/day and in a cortical graft in pre-existing vascular canals to maximum 0.15--0.30 mm/day. A sufficient amount of vessels--about the same vascular density as before grafting--was necessary for bone remodelling to occur. PMID- 6992263 TI - The use of a vomer flap covered with an autogenous skin graft as a part of the palatal repair in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Arch dimensions and occlusion up to the age of five. PMID- 6992265 TI - Occurrence of deficient monocyte yeast cell phagocytosis in presence of rheumatic sera. AB - Monocyte yeast cell phagocytosis was studied in 164 rheumatic sera. The results showed that the phagocytic activity (PA) was low in 51 per cent of SLE-sera, in 12 per cent of other connective tissue disease (CTD)-sera, in 16 percent of RA sera but in none of 30 sera from patients with other chronic arthritides. Low PA was associated with cryoglobulinaemia and subnormal C1q, C4 and C3 in the SLE group and with subnormal C4 and signs of extra-articular disease in the RA-group. In the CTD-group, low PA was only found in 4 cases of SLE-like syndromes, all having evidence of vasculitis. The findings suggest that low phagocytic activity in presence of rheumatic sera may be related to clinical syndromes with circulating immune complexes and/or hypocomplementaemia, most often SLE. PMID- 6992264 TI - Reconstruction of alveolar jaw bone. An experimental and clinical study of immediate and preformed autologous bone grafts in combination with osseointegrated implants. AB - In edentulousness, which cannot be adequately compensated for by a denture but causes considerable oral dysfunction, the treatment of choice is a bridge construction on osseointegrated titanium fixtures. In those cases, where the quantity or quality of the alveolar ridge--as a consequence of progressing resorption--does not provide enough bone tissue for lasting implant anchorage, restoration of jaw bone anatomy is required. In attempts to evaluate the best material and method for bone reconstruction in these cases, experimental and clinical studies on various grafting procedures were performed. The immediate, autologous cancellous bone and marrow graft was not found to provide volume restitution to the required extent because of rapid graft resorption. The biomechanical capacities of the jaw bone were, however, restored to such a degree that fixtures could be integrated and permanent bridge stability achieved in 13 out of 18 cases. In order to avoid resorptive derangement of the anatomy of the reconstructed alveolar region a modified transplantation technique was developed. In an experimental study in dogs a procedure of preformation of autologous composite bone grafts containing integrated titanium implants was designed. The results indicated that this procedure could provide graft persistance together with implant stability. Clinical applications of this reconstructive procedure showed that preformed grafts containing incorporated implants from the proximal tibial metaphysis could be used to restore jaw bone anatomy and that the implants remained integrated within the transplanted, remodelled bone, providing permanent support for bridge constructions. PMID- 6992266 TI - Monocyte in vitro function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). I. A clinical and immunological study. AB - A previous article (34) has shown that normal monocytes cultivated in presence of several sera from patients with SLE displayed low yeast cell phagocytosis. In the present extended study it was investigated whether the level of phagocytic activity (PA) had any relation to clinical and laboratory expressions of disease activity. The results reveal that, in addition to hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia, low PA was associated with high clinical disease activity including arthritis, rash and nephritis and high titres for anti-nDNA. It was also found that PA improved as the disease activity declined. These findings suggest that this in vitro phagocytosis test might be used as an indirect method for detecting clinically relevant circulating immune complexes in SLE. Furthermore, it might be used as a guide in the evaluation of disease activity in severe SLE. The mechanism behind impaired phagocytosis was not elucidated in this study. Inadequate opsonization of the yeast cells or blocking of the monocyte surface receptors by immune complexes were suggested as possible explanations. PMID- 6992267 TI - Monocyte in vitro function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). II. Glass adherence and spreading in presence of SLE-sera. AB - Studies on glass adherence and spreading of normal blood monocytes in presence of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were performed. Spreading was estimated by measuring the cell diameters with a microscale in a phase contrast microscope. Glass adherence (number of glass adherent cells per cultivation chamber) and spreading were found to be significantly reduced in presence of SLE-sera. Furthermore, in presence of these SLE-sera the monocytes formed clusters, which resolved after addition of normal sera. It is suggested that these observations may reflect a disturbance of monocyte membrane function possibly induced by immune complexes or through depletion of complement components in sera from patients with active SLE. PMID- 6992268 TI - Methodological studies of monocyte yeast cell phagocytosis. AB - Human mononuclear cells were separated in a Ficoll-Isopaque gradient and incubated in glass chambers in a medium of serum in Parker 199. At the end of the incubation time heat-killed, not pre-opsonized yeast cells (YC) were added for phagocytosis. PA was expressed as the median number of YC per monocyte in 100 monocytes. The results of testing various modifications of this method indicate that an appropriate procedure, allowing a sufficient span for measuring 'subnormal' phagocytosis, is incubation of the monocytes in 15 per cent serum for 120 minutes followed by a further incubation with 10(7) YC (in 7.5% serum) for 30 minutes. The sources of variation in the determination of PA of a standard population was studied by analysis of variance. Based on the results of this study, suitable ways to define and express 'normal' and 'low' phagocytic activity were proposed. PMID- 6992269 TI - Effects of cryoglobulins and aggregated IGG on in vitro monocyte phagocytosis. AB - Monocyte yeast cell phagocytosis (YCP) was low in presence of cryoglobulins(CG) from 7 of 7 patients with SLE and RA with vasculitis and from 2 of 5 patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia. IgM and C3 were detected only in CG associated with low YCP. Furthermore, low YCP was only found with CG isolated from hypocomplementaemic sera. The results also showed low YCP when heat-aggregated IgG (HAG) greater than or equal to 19S was added to the culture medium. In the presence of HAG or SLE-sera, preopsonized yeast cells could be adequately phagocytosed by monocytes whereas, in parallel cultures, the phagocytosis of untreated yeast cells was low. It is possible that CG and HAG impair YCP in the same way as SLE-sera. The nature of this presumed common mechanism has not been clarified in this limited study. The findings are, however, compatible with the possibility that immune complexes may interfere with the opsonization of the yeast cells, possibly through inactivation of complement components. PMID- 6992270 TI - Biotransformation of organic solvents. A review. PMID- 6992271 TI - [Rapid identification of gram-negative mastitis pathogens by means of the Urotube Roche. A field trial]. PMID- 6992272 TI - [A 175 year old veterinary medicine school in Bern]. PMID- 6992273 TI - Medicine. Status and future of applied sciences. AB - Advances in hepatitis and immunology illustrate the influence of basic research and technologic innovation in shaping the past, present, and future of medical care. PMID- 6992274 TI - Mutations in a nonessential viral gene permit bacteriophage T4 to form plaques on Escherichia coli valS ts relA. AB - During viral development bacteriophage T4 modifies the valyl-transfer RNA synthetase of its host Escherichia coli, but the function of the modification has remained elusive. A strain of Escherichia coli has now been identified which is nonpermissive for wild-type bacteriophage T4, but permissive for bacteriophage mutants impaired in the modification reaction. A comparison with other bacteria suggests that nonpermissiveness is due to synthesis of a thermolabile valyl transfer RNA synthetase and relaxed control of RNA accumulation. PMID- 6992275 TI - Teratogenic effects of alcohol in humans and laboratory animals. AB - The teratogenicity of alcohol has been demonstrated in humans through clinical studies, behavioral studies, and epidemiologic studies, and in animals through controlled laboratory experiments. In humans exposed to alcohol during gestation the effects can range from fetal alcohol syndrome in some offspring of chronic alcoholic women to reduced average birth weight in offspring of women reporting an average consumption of two to three drinks or more per day. The behavioral effects of such exposure may range from mental retardation in children with fetal alcohol syndrome to milder developmental and behavioral effects in infants born to social drinkers. In animals, exposure to alcohol in utero may result in death, malformation, and growth deficiency as well as behavioral and developmental abnormalities. The mechanisms of impairment and related risk factors are yet to be elucidated. PMID- 6992276 TI - Survival of Escherichia coli host-vector systems in the mammalian intestine. AB - Survival in the mouse and human intestine of Escherichia coli host-vector systems used and proposed for recombinant DNA technology was assessed. There was no detectable survival of severely disabled E. coli K12 strain X1776 in mice or in human subjects 24 hours after ingestion. The same strain bearing the plasmid pBR322, however, was recovered from human subjects for 4 days in amounts of six organisms for every million ingested. Nondisabled E. coli K12 strain X1666, with or without pBR322, survived in 10(4)-fold greater numbers and for 2 days longer, with better recovery of the plasmid-containing derivative. Although the plasmid bearing strains were recovered for longer periods, no intestinal colonization was noted. Despite the presence of pBR322 for a maximum of 6 days in the human intestine, there was no evidence that it was transferred from either bacterial host to endogenous aerobic fecal bacteria. PMID- 6992277 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of trypsin-like protease in acrosomes of sea urchin sperm. AB - Two independent cytochemical techniques were used to demonstrate that a trypsin like protease is bound to the acrosomal tubule of the sea urchin sperm. The enzyme is associated with binding on the reacted acrosome and presumably functions in the early phases of fertilization. PMID- 6992278 TI - The production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the feto-placental unit and their effects on the developing fetus. PMID- 6992280 TI - [Anti-smoking counseling centers]. PMID- 6992279 TI - Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on fetal development, oxygenation, and the fetal circulation. PMID- 6992281 TI - Intercellular junctions. PMID- 6992282 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural studies on chemically induced cell fusion. PMID- 6992284 TI - Cardiac transplantation--1980: The Medical College of Virginia program. AB - Within the last three years, advances in the fields of cardiac surgery and immunology have established the value of cardiac transplantation for patients with irreversible myopathic disease. Long-distance donor procurement has increased the availability of the donor pool and made possible a more critical selection of donor hearts. The development of antithymocyte globulin and the concept of individual immune monitoring has decreased the incidence of acute rejection and the dosage of prednisone and azathioprine necessary to achieve optimal graft protection. These advances are reflected in the survival statistics. Since 1977, the three-month mortality rate has decreased to 40%, as compared to 77% from 1968 to 1976. Ptatients who are discharged from the hospital are currently demonstrating an 88% one-year survival rate and are functional class I-II status. We conclude that in properly selected patients, cardiac transplantation is a viable option for end-stage cardiomyopathic disease. PMID- 6992283 TI - Hemodialysis and schizophrenia: a double-blind study. AB - Partial or total remission of schizophrenic symptoms after exchange transfusion or hemodialysis have been reported in the literature. Although the results of these reports are encouraging, they have not been confirmed by controlled studies. We have conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on chronic schizophrenia. Our data seem to indicate that some schizophrenic symptoms improve after hemodialyses. PMID- 6992285 TI - Urticaria and angioedema: a practical approach. PMID- 6992286 TI - Rhabdomyolysis associated with Escherichia coli septicemia. AB - Rhabdomyolysis resulting from septicemia (and endotoxemia) is not generally appreciated. In the present case, rhabdomyolysis and renal insufficiency followed documented E coli septicemia. Other causes of rhabdomyolysis were not identified in this patient. Thus, physicians should be alerted to this potentially serious complication of gram-negative septicemia. PMID- 6992287 TI - Erythrocytosis after renal allotransplantation: treatment by removal of the native kidneys. AB - A patient with end-stage renal disease had erythrocytosis after kidney transplantation, with a hematocrit level that ranged between 52 and 60%. Selective catheterization of venous blood from his native kidneys and the transplanted kidney revealed a threefold increase of erythropoietin activity in blood from his own kidney over systemic blood and blood from the transplanted kidney. Bilateral nephrectomy cured the condition. Postoperative hematocrit and erythropoietin levels were within normal limits. PMID- 6992289 TI - Infected renal mass successfully treated by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration. PMID- 6992290 TI - Officers--Southern Medical Association 1979-80. PMID- 6992288 TI - Fixed eruption and fever after urography. AB - We have described a patient with fixed bullous eruption, usually associated with severe fever, occurring on five occasions after a series of seven intravenous urograms between 1974 and 1979. Diagnosis was initially obscured because the onset of fever and dermatitis was delayed as long as 72 hours. This is only the second report of true ioderma ascribed to urographic contrast media. PMID- 6992291 TI - [On the 60th anniversary of the Bashkir ASSR: rural public health of Bashkiria and the ways for it's further development]. PMID- 6992292 TI - [Triumph of V.I. Lenin's ideas in medicine]. PMID- 6992294 TI - [Local treatment of burns]. PMID- 6992293 TI - [Acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6992295 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6992296 TI - [E. M. Tareev]. PMID- 6992297 TI - [Soviet military public health on the eve and during the years of World War II]. PMID- 6992299 TI - [60th birthday of Prof. Emil Matejicek]. PMID- 6992298 TI - [Clinical immunological signs, prevention and treatment of a secondary disease]. PMID- 6992300 TI - [Free flap in experiments. II. Histological aspects]. PMID- 6992301 TI - [70th birthday of Prof. J. Rodling]. PMID- 6992302 TI - [Anniversary of Prof. J. Novak]. PMID- 6992304 TI - [Treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992303 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an allotransplated kidney]. PMID- 6992305 TI - [Specific gluteus tumours in chronic myelogenous leukaemia: extramedullary blastic crisis with lymphoid features (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992306 TI - Nonshunting procedures in management of bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 6992307 TI - Vaginal hysterectomy: past, present, and future. AB - Progress has been made in the following aspects of vaginal hysterectomy: improvement of technique and reduction of the incidence of febrile morbidity, the length of hospitalization, and the postoperative retention of urine with associated repair. Vaginal hysterectomy should continue to have its widest application in women whose childbearing is complete and who have incapacitating hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea with or without small uterine leiomyomas or adenomyosis. PMID- 6992308 TI - Anal sphincter reconstruction. AB - Injury of the sphincter mechanism that is caused by trauma may be repaired if the operation is carried out without prolonged delay and if sufficient residual sphincter remains. Successful surgical reconstruction requires thorough preoperative evaluation, fastidious preoperative preparation, meticulous surgical technique, and vigorous postoperative management. When the operation is delayed or considerable tissue has been lost or if the patient is elderly and has a history of constipation or laxative abuse, direct repair is frequently unsuccessful. PMID- 6992309 TI - Anomalies of midgut rotation in the adult. AB - Anomalies of midgut rotation in the adult are uncommon clinical entities. Knowledge of the normal embryologic development of midgut rotation and the pathologic dispositions of each anomaly is indispensible to manage properly such anomalies. PMID- 6992310 TI - The use of cyclosporin A and prednisone in cadaver kidney transplantation. AB - Eighteen patients were treated with primary cadaveric renal transplantation using cyclosporin A therapy, and four more patients undersent cadaveric retransplantation. Eleven of the 22 recipients were conditioned with lymphoid depletion before transplantation, using thoracic duct drainage or lymphapheresis for two to eight and one-half weeks. Cyclosporin A was begun a few hours before grafting. The other 11 patients were pretreated with cyclosporin A for from one day to 18 days. After transplantation, the majority of patients in both subgroups of 11 had rejection develop, but in most, the immunologic process was readily controlled with relatively small dosages of prednisone. After follow-up periods of two to four and one-half months, one patient has died of the complications of a coronary artery reconstruction that was not related to the transplantation. Another graft was lost from rejection, and a third organ was removed because of ureteral necrosis. Nineteen of the original 22 cadaveric kidneys are functioning, including 17 of the 18 kidneys given to patients who were undergoing transplantation for the first time. The only loss in the latter group of 18 patients was in the patient who died after an open heart operation. Results of these studies have shown that cyclosporin A is a superior and safe immunosuppressive drug but that, for optimal use in cadaveric transplantation, it usually should not be given alone. Steroid therapy greatly amplified the value of cyclosporin A. Unless major delayed morbidity develops which is not obvious so far, this drug combination should permit revolutionary advances in the transplantation of all organs. Other adjuncts to the cyclosporin A-steroid combination, including lymphoid depletion techniques, will require further investigation. PMID- 6992311 TI - Criteria for hepatic transplantation in cirrhosis. AB - Among the patients considered for hepatic transplantation, cirrhosis should be theoretically the best indication. Results so far are disappointing because the patients who have undergone a transplantation had end stage liver disease. When gastrointestinal bleeding, renal failure, coagulopathy and encephalopathy are used as criteria, one can accurately select patients who will die from cirrhosis within one month. Our results for those who had a liver graft in this group are poor. Criteria were then selected to identify a less dramatically ill group of patients with cirrhosis. These patients have residual poor liver function after surviving acute severe complications and have a spontaneous survival of less than one year. The results of liver transplantation in two patients in this group are encouraging. PMID- 6992312 TI - Treatment of avulsion injuries with porcine skin xenografts. AB - Porcine skin functions efficiently in the treatment of avulsion injuries. It is used as a temporary biologic dressing to prepare sites of avulsions for optimal healing of flaps or autografts. It also contributes to the healing process by preventing desiccation of the wound and by enhancing re-epithelialization. PMID- 6992313 TI - Comparative studies on the antimicrobial activity of peritoneal and ascitic fluids in human beings. AB - The antibacterial activity of peritoneal fluid obtained from 28 women undergoing laparoscopy was compared with that of ascitic fluid obtained from 11 patients with various pathologic conditions. Similar antibacterial activity was found in these two types of fluid. The activity varied from bactericidal to bacteriostatic and was directed mainly against gram-negative bacilli-Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Bacteroides fragilis. Candida albicans was inhibited by many of the fluids, but the activity against gram-positive cocci was much less marked. Lysozyme was present in the fluids but was not solely responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The results of this study suggest the presence of at least three groups of thermostable antibacterial substances, two of which are bactericidal and one, bacteriostatic. One of the bactericidal factors is complement-dependent. PMID- 6992315 TI - Constantin Arseni. PMID- 6992314 TI - The technique of prolonged thoracic duct drainage in transplantation. AB - Prolonged thoracic duct drainage as an immunosuppressive adjunct was accomplished in 96 per cent of organ recipients upon whom it was attempted. PMID- 6992316 TI - Continuous intracranial pressure recording in adult hydrocephalus. AB - An implantable intracranial pressure sensor was used to diagnose and monitor the treatment of 17 adults with hydrocephalus. The intracranial pressure sensor was implanted before shunting in most cases and patients were studied in a sleep laboratory for two nights during which the intracranial pressure was measured throughout the night. Cases included five examples of acute hydrocephalus secondary to tumor, subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis, and 12 cases of long standing hydrocephalus diagnosed as normal pressure hydrocephalus, aque-ductal stenosis, or hydrocephalus ex vacuo. Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring was a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis and management of these patients. Continuous overnight recordings of intracranial pressure were helpful in determining compromised cerebral compliance by observing the shape and the amplitude of the intracranial pressure waves during desynchronized sleep. A second method for checking cerebral compliance is also described. PMID- 6992317 TI - Comparison of the antitumor effects of a synthetic biopolymer and standard adjuvants. AB - The synthetic biopolymer NED 137 is capable of stimulating an immune response to tumor antigen. This article compares the efficacy of NED 137 to bacille Calmette Guerin, Corynebacterium parvum, pyran, levamisole, and Freund's complete adjuvant in a rat tumor model where adjuvant treatment is administered after excision of subcutaneous tumor implants. A single intraperitoneal injection of NED 137 at 30 mg/kg body weight prolonged survival beyond 60 days with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease, whereas with the other adjuvants, animals survived a mean of 30 to 40 days with 100% local recurrence and a 60% to 90% incidence of pulmonary metastases. Use of NED 137 resulted in a greater lysis of tumor cells compared to other adjuvants when assessed in an in vivo 51Cr release assay. A phase I clinical study of high-risk gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with NED 137 is reported at a median survival time of 23 weeks (103 patients). This group is compared to a historical control group from the same institution. No NED 137-related toxicity has been noted to date. PMID- 6992318 TI - Studies on the effects of cyclosporin A upon renal allograft rejection in the dog. AB - Dose and time response studies of the new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, have been performed in a dog renal allograft model. Rejection of a renal allograft only occurred in one of six dogs receiving 20 mg/kg/day continuously, but in 10 of 11 dogs receiving 10 mg/kg/day. Doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg/day given for 2 or 3 weeks delayed rejection, but rejection occurred in all animals when the drug was stopped. This suggests that the drug does not produce clonal deletion of the lymphocytes engaged in the immune reaction against the graft, but merely their suppression. The histological picture of rejection was markedly improved by therapeutic doses of cyclosporin A. No consistent histological or biochemical evidence for heptatoxicity or nephrotoxicity was found even in the higher doses tested. One fatal and four non-fatal infectious complications were seen in 29 dogs receiving doses of 5 mg/kg/day or higher. PMID- 6992319 TI - Treatment of pulmonary embolism with prostacyclin. PMID- 6992320 TI - Prevention by whole pancreas transplantation of glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan diabetes. AB - Serial thickness measurements of the glomerular basement membrane were performed over a 24-month period in four groups of inbred male Lewis rats. Group I consisted of normal animals age-matched to the remaining experimental groups. In groups II, III, and IV, diabetes was induced by intravenous alloxan (42 to 44 mg/kg). Group II was subsequently untreated. One week after induction of diabetes, groups III and IV received vascularized isografts of the pancreas and duodenum or duct-ligated pancreas alone, respectively. Animals in all groups were killed monthly and X 11,000 electron photomicrographs prepared of the kidney. The thickness of the glomerular basement membrane was measured by a quantitative morphometric technique. Untreated diabetic animals developed significant thickening of the basement membrane when compared to normal animals and the differences remained significant throughout life. Animals undergoing pancreas transplantation were completely protected from the diabetic changes in the basement membrane and showed no increase in basement membrane thickness when compared to normal animals. Pancreaticoduodenal and duct-ligated isografts offered equal protection against changes in the basement membrane. All groups showed age-related thickening of the basement membrane; this change was accelerated in the untreated diabetic group and normalized in the transplanted rats. PMID- 6992321 TI - Fibrin in peritonitis. I. Beneficial and adverse effects of fibrin in experimental E. coli peritonitis. AB - Fibrin has classically been considered a defense mechanism of the peritoneal cavity. We have studied the role of purified fibrin in the pathogenesis of intraperitoneal infection. Implantation of 0.5% bovine fibrin clots containing 2 X 10(8) E. coli into the rat peritoneal cavity reduces the 24-hour mortality rate from 100% to 0% compared to bacteria in a similar volume of saline solution. However, the 10-day mortality rate with fibrin is 90%; 100% develop intraperitoneal abscesses. Animals receiving sterile clots lyse than over 1 to 2 weeks without abscess formation. As few as 10(2) E. coli per fibrin clot produce abscesses, but 10(7) or more are required to produce death; without fibrin less than 10(7) E. coli neither kill nor produce intraperitoneal infections. Both late death and abscess size with 2 X 10(8) E. coli are directly proportional to the fibrin clot size but not the concentration of fibrin in the clot. Operative debridement of the fibrin at 4 or 24 hours completely eliminates abscess formation in surviving animals. In vitro growth of E. coli is neither stimulated nor inhibited by fibrin or fibrinogen. Fibrin delays systemic sepsis, but the entrapped bacteria cannot be easily eliminated by normal intraperitoneal bactericidal mechanisms and abscess formation occurs. Thus radical peritoneal debridement or anticoagulation may reduce the septic complications of peritonitis. PMID- 6992323 TI - [From heart to heart: blood and blood transfusion]. PMID- 6992324 TI - [Congratulations with the day! Helga Dagsland is 70 years]. PMID- 6992322 TI - Invited overview: role of the vascular laboratory. PMID- 6992325 TI - [Diagnosis and differentiated therapy of immunologic deficiency syndromes in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6992326 TI - [Remote results and prognosis after radical surgery for peripheral lung cancer]. PMID- 6992327 TI - [Blood serum activity of lysosomal enzymes in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6992328 TI - Albert Olin Singleton, MD: contributions to surgery. PMID- 6992329 TI - Bureau of Laboratories created for protection of public health. PMID- 6992330 TI - Learning to deal with life and death: the story of becoming a doctor in Texas. PMID- 6992331 TI - Necrotising aspergillosis complicating fulminating viral pneumonia. PMID- 6992332 TI - Platelet factor 4 antigen in megakaryocytes. PMID- 6992333 TI - Isolation and some of the physicochemical and immunologic properties of a platelet adhesion inhibitor from human serum. PMID- 6992334 TI - [Ventricular plasmocytoma. A case report and some diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6992335 TI - [Malaria falciparum s. tropica. Direct infection from patient to a healthy person]. PMID- 6992336 TI - [Local treatment of psoriasis and pustulosis palmoplantaris with desoxymethasone ointment 0.25%]. PMID- 6992337 TI - [Peripress (Prazosin)-a new antihypertensive drug. Open trial in ambulatory patients with prazos in administered alone or in combination with beta-blocker]. PMID- 6992338 TI - [Cross-over trial with Peripress (prazosin) and Apresolin (hydralazin), both in combination with beta-blocker]. PMID- 6992339 TI - [A modified pinch graft technic in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers]. PMID- 6992340 TI - [Clinical trials with hypertensive patients in general practice]. PMID- 6992342 TI - [Syphilis]. PMID- 6992343 TI - [Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease)]. PMID- 6992341 TI - [Clinical trial of Tegretol and Anafranil/Sinequan in alcohol abstinence symptoms]. PMID- 6992344 TI - [In memoriam Ch. Karimoen]. PMID- 6992345 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia in ponies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992346 TI - [The programmed patient]. PMID- 6992347 TI - ['A pox on your head'--a conquered curse]. PMID- 6992348 TI - Renin release and renal pelvic pressure in the isolated perfused dog kidney. AB - The perfused dog kidney was used for a study of the relationship between renin secretion and renal pelvic pressure. The kidney was completely isolated and perfused with perfluorochemical emulsion. During the elevation of renal pelvic pressure, renin secretion rate increased from 0.93 +/- 0.43 to 5.54 +/- 1.57 ng/g min, perfusion flow rate decreased temporarily and recovered within a few minutes. PMID- 6992349 TI - Complement system in IgA nephropathy. AB - A study on the histopathological findings and analysis of complement systems in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. A close association between complement deposition and destruction of glomerular tissues was observed. The prominent complement components related to the glomerular deposition of IgA were those of the alternative pathway of complement activation. However, components of the classical complement pathway might be related to the deposition of IgG and IgM in the glomerulus. It is suggested that the analysis of the complement system in patients with IgA nephropathy is useful for evaluation of tissue damage and thus the prognosis of such patients. PMID- 6992350 TI - [Georgii Vasil'evich Morozov (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6992351 TI - [K. I. Khizhniakova (on her 70th birthday)]. PMID- 6992352 TI - [L. S. Velisheva (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6992353 TI - [Possibilities and prospects for using histoenzymatic methods in forensic medicine]. PMID- 6992354 TI - Does prepared childbirth mean pain relief? PMID- 6992356 TI - Neurosurgical interventions for the management of chronic intractable pain. PMID- 6992355 TI - Therapeutic touch: a facilitator of pain relief. PMID- 6992358 TI - Further enzymic characters of Trypanosoma cruzi and their evaluation for strain identification. PMID- 6992357 TI - Comparative aspects of human babesiosis. PMID- 6992359 TI - Delimitation of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes by numerical taxonomy. AB - Based on the absence or presence of 24 isoenzyme characters, Brazilian Trypanosoma cruzi stocks can be separated by methods of numerical taxonomy into three principal, distinct groups; these groups correspond to the three T. cruzi zymodemes previously reported from north Brazil. A distinction is drawn between taxonomy, which may be of zoological interest only, and identification of medically important groups according to one or a few distinguishing characters. PMID- 6992360 TI - Diagnosis and serological follow-up in three patients with visceral leishmaniasis using Crithidia sp. as antigen. PMID- 6992361 TI - The preparation of leukocyte-poor red blood cells: a comparative study. AB - Thirteen methods of prepararing leukocyte-poor red blood cells were compared for their effectiveness in removing leukocytes. When the starting material was six to ten days old, the residual leukocyte count was three to four times lower than when fresh material was used and no granulocytes could be found. The most effective manual procedure was a single upright sedimentation of six- to ten-day old saline-diluted red cells. Inverted sedimentation was no more effective in leukocyte depletion than upright sedimentation. Automated cell processors were no more effective than several of the better manual methods. Freezing and deglycerolizing resulted in a ten-fold improvement in leukocyte removal with less red blood cell loss but at higher cost than the nonfreezing methods. The study indicates that unless the minimal leukocyte count of frozen red blood cells is essential, a single upright sedimentation of saline-diluted, six- to ten-day-old red blood cells is currently the most effective procedure for preparing leukocyte poor red blood cells. PMID- 6992362 TI - The preparation of leukocyte-poor red cells from liquid stored blood: an evaluation of the Haemonetics 102 cell washing system. AB - An evaluation of the Haemonetics 102, an automated cell washing system, is presented. Although the system removes 68.4 +/- 14 per cent of the white blood cells from liquid stored blood, the percentage wash out is an unreliable mode of evaluation. The residual number of white blood cells per unit is 6.5 +/- 2.8 x 10(8), which is independent of the unit's size, age, and initial leukocyte count. The residual number of white blood cells is also not influenced by any of the modifications used in the study. Red blood cell loss averaged 16.3 per cent. A direct correlation exists between the initial red blood cell mass and the amount of cell lost. It is recommended that packed cell units which have a volume of less than 300 ml with hematocrits of 75 per cent or less be used to minimize excessive red blood cell loss. Recommendation as to the selection of units by an ideal age or the preparation of units prior to washing are not supported by these data. PMID- 6992363 TI - Treatment of renal allograft rejection by exchange plasma-lymphocytapheresis. AB - Therapy for acute renal allograft rejection generally consists of administration of high doses of corticosteroids along with cytotoxic drugs. Failure of this treatment usually dictates removal of the graft. We describe a patient who was rejecting a renal transplant from his HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture compatible brother. This acute rejection episode was unresponsive to three days of therapy with high doses of steroids, azathioprine and coumadin. The patient rapidly improved following intensive exchange plasmapheresis and lymphocytapheresis. This therapy produced depletion of immunoglobulins, complement components, coagulation factors and circulating lymphocytes, and resulted in dramatic improvement in renal function and reversal of the rejection crisis. We suggest that intensive pheresis may represent an important adjunct to currently available therapy for the treatment of acute renal allograft rejection. PMID- 6992364 TI - Treatment of burns of the eye and its adnexa. PMID- 6992365 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the bases of postsynaptic potentiation in hippocampal sections by the freeze-substitution method]. AB - Some morphological features of the pyramidal neurons depending on their physiological state were studied in the CA3 area of the guinea pig hippocampal slices by the freeze-substitution method. This method provided a better possibility to observe certain visible structural changes in the majority of fiber synapses in stratum lucidum after the rhythmic stimulation of dentate girus, compared to the conventional electron microscopy. The width of the spine stalks during the long-lasting potentiation in the tissue processed by the freeze substitution method increased by 60%, being below 50% in conventional preparations. A correlation between changes in the post-synaptic densities and the physiological state of synapses was checked. A two-fold increase in the width of post-synaptic densities without changes in their length was found. PMID- 6992366 TI - [Effect of benzene on the content and proliferative activity of reticular cells in the hematopoietic organs]. AB - Experiments were conducted on albino rats, CBA mice and rabbits. The experimental benzol poisoning caused insignificant changes in reticular cell proliferation without any changes in the level of these cells in bone marrow and spleen. It was shown also that the level of reticular cells play a certain role in resistance and activity of erythropoiesis and in the production of colonies by stem cells. PMID- 6992367 TI - [Characteristics of the ultrastructural organization of endothelial cells in cardiac and omental blood capillaries based on cryofractographic data]. AB - Using cryofractography, endotheliocytes of heart and omentum blood capillaries were studied, different patterns of distribution of membranous particles being observed of the "P" and "E" faces of the fracture plans of endothelial cell cytomembranes. Three types of distribution of micropinocytotic vesicles can be distinguished: the linear, hexagonal, and the clusteral type. The number of micropinocytotic vesicles was sharply reduced near the region of intercellular contacts. On the fracture plan, attached pinocytotic vesicles look like "craters" on the "E" face, and like circumvallatue papillae on the "P" face. Cell membranes, making intercellular contacts, have a network structure consisting of ridges on the "P" face and of grooves on the "E" face. Such a molecular membrane organization is discussed from the standpoint of modern concepts of the receptor- cytosceletal complex. It is supposed that this complex may control processes of transendothelial mass--transfer. PMID- 6992368 TI - [Effects of low temperature on lipid peroxidation and intensity of proteolysis in rat brain and liver]. AB - The intensity of lipid peroxidation and the proteolytic activity were studied in two rat brain and liver fractions, supernatant and that enriched with lysosomes, at acid pH in the initial period of the medium low temperature (2-4 degrees C) effect. A short-term effect of low temperature (24h) intensifies lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue and decreases it in the liver. On the third day the level of malonic dialdehyde becomes equal to the control one. On the first day of exposure to cold the intensity of proteolysis in the supernatant fraction and that enriched with lysosomes increases sharply in the brain and liver tissues. On the third day the proteolytic activity in the supernatant fraction of the brain tissue is almost twice as high, as in the lysosome sediment, in the liver lysosomal fraction it continues increasing and in the supernatant fraction, though being lower as compared with the first day, it remains higher than in the control. PMID- 6992369 TI - [Molecular heterogeneity of collagen in normal and pathologic states]. AB - Collagen, the main protein of the connective tissue, is characterized by considerable heterogeneity. More than five types of collagen molecules, or seven types of subunits coded by different structural genes are studied. Both in the age aspects and under different pathologies the ratio of collagen types in some tissues changes, new types of collagen molecules are synthetized. Collagen not peculiar to the rat skin in normal state is synthetized in the unbalanced nitrogen nutrition with addition of amino acids, such as glycin and tryptophan. PMID- 6992370 TI - [Biological function of vitamin A]. AB - The paper deals with the generalized results of complex studies in the biological function of vitamin A conducted on the chicken glandular stomach. It is found out that at a certain diet the glandular stomach of chickens manifests a specific response to vitamin A deficiency: the amount of cells in the organ increases, their differentiation changes, the tissues relation is disturbed, hyperfunction is observed. The content of acid glycosaminglycanes varies, their biosynthesis is inhibited, the concentration of cations in the intercellular space increases. On the basis of these facts a conclusion is drawn that disturbances in the structure and function of glycocalyx are decisive in development of A-avitaminosis. It is established that the stomach intermediate zone mucosa secretion contains vitamin A which is strongly bound with a specific water-insoluble glycolipoprotein. The absence of vitamin A causes a disturbance in lipidation, glycosylation sulphatation and hydration of the secretion. A hypothesis is put forward according to which, vitamin A, joining the specific protein synthetized on ribosomes, initiates organization of the lipid phase. The latter might determine the direction and rate of protein transport in the system of smooth membranes where it is glycosidated. Formation of the lipid phase is disturbed when vitamin A is absent. This leads to changes in the protein migration pathways in the Golgi apparatus, which results in glycosidation disturbance as well. According to the same principle vitamin A may articipate in formation of glycolipoproteins not only of secretion but also of the intercellular substance, plasmatic membranes nuclei, lysosomes and other organelles. PMID- 6992371 TI - [Pathogenesis of fever]. PMID- 6992372 TI - [The hepato-renal syndromes]. PMID- 6992374 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of female sterility]. PMID- 6992373 TI - [Hydramnios, fetal malformations and prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6992375 TI - [Progressive choreo-athetosis with glutaric acid uria]. PMID- 6992376 TI - [Mechanism of ovulation at the follicular level]. PMID- 6992378 TI - [Centenary of the Hopital Notre-Dame]. PMID- 6992377 TI - [How to carry out a good epidemiological study. I. Preparation of a study]. PMID- 6992379 TI - [Hopital Notre-Dame in Montreal]. PMID- 6992381 TI - [Role of neurostimulators in the treatment of chronic refractory pain]. PMID- 6992380 TI - [Development of surgery of involuntary movements and its indications]. PMID- 6992382 TI - The effect of dimetikon on disturbing bowel gas at intravenous urography. A double-blind study in 200 ambulatory patients. AB - In a random double-blind study in 200 consecutive, ambulatory patients, admitted for intravenous urography, dimetikon in a dose of 0.2 g 4 times daily, 3 days before examination, had no effect on the amount of disturbing bowel gas. PMID- 6992383 TI - Renovascular hypertension in children. AB - Due to better methods of diagnosis, an increasing number of children with renovascular hypertension are being discovered. The disease itself has variable clinical manifestations, and an adequate laboratorial workup, including arteriography and renin assays, is mandatory in suspected cases. Treatment depends on the prognostic values of the renin assays and surgery cures 80% of the patients, either by nephrectomy or by revascularization techniques. Among these, renal autotransplantation gives better exposure of the operative field, and therefore better results. In most cases, systemic infection seems to be the main cause of the inflammatory reaction within the arterial wall that causes obstruction. PMID- 6992384 TI - [Donor blood and urinary proteins in assessing the suitability of their kidneys for transplantation]. PMID- 6992385 TI - [Discovery by Bilharz of the causative agent of urinary schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6992386 TI - [Anniversary of E. M. Tareev]. PMID- 6992389 TI - [Effectiveness of subscleral sinusotomy in glaucoma]. PMID- 6992388 TI - [Diagnostic tables for determining the group at risk in an examination for glaucoma]. PMID- 6992387 TI - Ultrasonic scattering theory. I: Scattering by single objects. PMID- 6992390 TI - [Under the banner of Lenin, by the Leninist way]. PMID- 6992392 TI - [Mastoidoplasty with maximum use of healthy autobone from the mastoid process]. PMID- 6992391 TI - [Prof. Nikolai Alekseevich Karpov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6992393 TI - [Diagnostic problems of latent forms of labyrinth lesions]. PMID- 6992394 TI - [Historical victory of the Soviet people of world-wide importance]. PMID- 6992395 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of specific treatment methods in seasonal allergic rhinosinusitis]. PMID- 6992396 TI - [Prof. Efim Nikolaevich Manuilov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6992397 TI - [Prof. Nikolai Arkad'evich Bobrovskii (on his 80th birthday]. PMID- 6992398 TI - [Inna Aleksandrovna Voznesenskaia, M. D. (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6992399 TI - [Septic shock (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 6992400 TI - [Interaction of heparin and thrombocytes (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 6992401 TI - [V. I. Lenin and Soviet medicine]. PMID- 6992402 TI - [Organelle-specific enzymatic activity as an index in evaluating the quality of liver preservation]. AB - The dynamics of changes of the general, "non-sedimenting" activity of organelle specific enzymes as well as their activity in perfusate during hypothermal conservation of the liver were studied in 77 experiments by the method of continuous and discontinuous perfusion, without perfusion and during the period of normal thermally artificial blood circulation after 3 hours of the organ conservation. The complex of enzyme tests including the assessment of "non sedimenting activity" of mitochondrial glutamatdehydrogenase and lysosomal acid desoxiribonuclease during the conservation period was found to be an adequate criterion of the liver conservation quality. After the recovery of the artificial blood flow in the conservated organ the conservation quality is also assessed by their activity in the perfusate, in addition to determination of urokinase activity in the perfusate. PMID- 6992405 TI - [On the birthday of Dr. Martin Gavalec]. PMID- 6992403 TI - [Tissue enzymatic study in the perfusate of cadaveric kidneys for assessing their functional state]. AB - A correlation was found between the level of the tissue enzyme activity in cadaveric kidneys perfusates and the degree of their functional adequacy in the early posttransplantation period. According to the data obtained the level of the activity of leucin aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the perfusates may be of importance for prognostication of a delayed function of the kidneys after transplantation. An elevated level of activity, in addition to leucin adminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, lactatedehydrogenase, aspartataminotransferase, muramidase, acid and alkali phosphatases suggests the transplanted kidney to be not functioning. PMID- 6992404 TI - Use of an autogenous skin graft to correct a defect in the canine ear (a case report). PMID- 6992406 TI - [A review of 50 years of activity of the Czechoslovakia Cardiological Society]. PMID- 6992407 TI - [Medical support of the battle of Kursk]. PMID- 6992408 TI - [In a rear hospital]. PMID- 6992409 TI - [Creativity of Lenin's ideas]. PMID- 6992410 TI - [World War II veterans at the round table of the editorial board of Voenno meditsinskii zhurnal]. PMID- 6992411 TI - [Importance of World War II experience for the training of military medical personnel]. PMID- 6992412 TI - [Medical support for the troups during front offensive operations in the concluding stage of the war]. PMID- 6992413 TI - [Organizational problems of special personnel training of the military medical service during the war]. PMID- 6992414 TI - [Experiecne with medical support for the Air Force in World War II]. PMID- 6992415 TI - [Medical support for the Navy during the war years]. PMID- 6992417 TI - [Work experience of therapists under battle conditions and its significance for the development of military field therapy]. PMID- 6992416 TI - [Military field surgery during World War II and its prospects for development]. PMID- 6992418 TI - [Military ophthalmology in the period of World War II]. PMID- 6992419 TI - [Characteristics of the health and hygienic support at the front and in the rear]. PMID- 6992420 TI - [Epidemic control work experience in the war years and its significance today]. PMID- 6992422 TI - [Courage and heroism of medical workers]. PMID- 6992421 TI - [Organization of medical supply for the Red Army]. PMID- 6992423 TI - [Along the roads of war]. PMID- 6992424 TI - [Contribution of military physicians to the victory over the enemy]. PMID- 6992425 TI - [V. I. Lenin and the development of sanatorium and health resort care in the USSR]. PMID- 6992426 TI - [Stages in the development of a pulse therapy method in the USSR]. PMID- 6992427 TI - [Proteolytic and antiporteolytic activity of the umbilical blood serum in newborn infants]. PMID- 6992428 TI - [Histidenemia (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6992430 TI - [V. Lenin and children]. PMID- 6992429 TI - [Salmonella infection characteristics in newborn infants]. PMID- 6992431 TI - [Hormonal homeostasis in lymphogranulomatosis in children]. PMID- 6992432 TI - [Thyroid gland and the kidneys (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6992434 TI - [Books and collected papers on oncology published in the 3d quarter of 1979]. PMID- 6992435 TI - [Abram Vladimirovich Kantin, M. D. (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6992433 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in pregnancy (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6992436 TI - [Prof. Ivan Teodosovich Shevchenko (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6992437 TI - [Diagnostic value of cellular immunity indices in oncological practice]. AB - A skin test to DNCB, the reaction on spontaneous rosette formation, the lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction to PHA, and the leucocyte migration inhibition test were utilized in examining 501 human subjects (157--control group, 41--patients with benign tumors of the mammary gland and lung and 303- patients with cancer of the lung, breast, rectum and lymphogranulomatosis). The results obtained were processed after the V. S. Genes method. The examinations performed revealed no diagnostic value of the tests under study in patients with malignancies, benign tumors and lesions of a non-tumor origin. PMID- 6992438 TI - [Clinical immunological indices of the initial stage of rheumatism]. PMID- 6992439 TI - [Radio- and polycardiographic characteristics of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in rheumatism]. PMID- 6992440 TI - [Role of heredity and environment in rheumatism]. PMID- 6992441 TI - [Department of Advanced Therapy of the N. I. Pirogov II Moscow Medical Institute (on the 70th anniversary of its founding)]. PMID- 6992442 TI - [E. V. Kovaleva (on her 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6992443 TI - [Vasilii Nefedovich Anokhin (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 6992444 TI - [Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Prof. V. I. Ioffe (1898-1979)]. PMID- 6992445 TI - [By the Leninist route to new accomplishments]. PMID- 6992447 TI - [Elena Trofimovna Danilenko (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6992446 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of B. S. Doinikov]. PMID- 6992448 TI - [Effectiveness of Kenalog 40 in treating bronchial asthma with hormonal dependence]. PMID- 6992449 TI - [Automatic registration of erythrocyte aggregation]. PMID- 6992450 TI - [Therapeutic action of pyrimidine derivatives in liver diseases (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6992451 TI - [High-speed electrotrephine biopsy in the diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 6992452 TI - [Measles cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis]. AB - The micromethod of leukocyte migration inhibition test was used to study cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to measles virus antigens and some other infectious (vaccinia virus, tuberculin) and noninfectious (brain white matter extract) antigens. In MS patients the reaction to measles antigen was weaker than in the control group, while the reactivity to the brain white matter extract was increased. As for the responses to vaccinia virus and tuberculin, these two grous did not differ statistically. The population of MS patients under study was not homogeneous in the intensity of measles cellular immunity (MCI). In the early stages of multiple sclerosis, MCI indices did not differ from those in the control group. MCI was the weakest in those subjects developing MS early in life who showed rapid worsening of the clinical status. Besides, MCI values were age-related: in older age groups they were low both in MS patients and in control subjects. PMID- 6992453 TI - [Hemoglobin Alc in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6992454 TI - [Fulminant mycotic sepsis in a patient undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for the acute crisis of kidney transplant rejection]. PMID- 6992455 TI - [Therapeutic properties of sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 6992457 TI - Industrial nursing begins in Vermont. PMID- 6992456 TI - [Clinical trial of the Bulgarian preparations, flatugel and almagel-neo in duodenal ulcer]. AB - The therapeutic effect of four new variants of the preparation Almagel was studied in 100 patients with duodenal ulcer (25 patients in each group were examined)---Flatugel, Flatugel A, Almagel-Neo. The pains, with the treatment faded away in 60 to 68% and abated in 25 to 32% of the treated in the separate groups. As compared with the control group, the symptom constipation was influenced in a higher per cent by the new preparations, explained by the twice higher dose of magnesium hydroxide in the new almagel derivatives. Flatugel A and almagel A-neo had the best upon vomiting, due to the anesthesin, contained in them. In half of the patients, the clinical symptoms disappeared during the first week after the initiation of the treatment and after its termination the clinical manifestations remained unaffected in only 8% of the patients. After the 20-day treatment with the new modifications of almagel, the ulcer niche disappeared in 25-29% and its dimensions were reduced in 30-50%. No significant differences were established as regards the effect upon the rest of the clinical symptoms and ulcer niche among the new preparations themselves and each separate preparations as compared with the control group. The new almagel modifications show a tendency of reduction of gastric secretion and acidity 12 hours after the termination of the treatment as compared with the same prior to treatment, but the differences are statistically insignificant. The new variants of almagel have a pleasant taste, they are taken with pleasure and give no toxic and allergic side effects. PMID- 6992458 TI - Cushing syndrome: current concepts of diagnosis and therapy. AB - A variety of diagnostic advances including radioimmunoassay of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) have increased the number of methods for laboratory investigation of Cushing syndrome.* However, experience with these procedures has led to a recognition of their limitations. We have developed an algorithm which incorporates these newer techniques and minimizes the number of procedures required to diagnose the various causes of Cushing syndrome. At present, we recommend pituitary surgical operations for pituitary-dependent Cushing syndrome because we believe this disease is caused by the development of a pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor. PMID- 6992460 TI - Meeting the health care challenge: improved program management. AB - The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) is the government agency that administers Medicaid and Medicare, and is responsible for standards and certification programs, and for Professional Standards Review Organizations. HCFA is attempting to improve program management, while securing the very best health care for the 47 million Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Better management would allow resources to be focused where the greatest need exists and would thereby increase program effectiveness. PMID- 6992461 TI - Cost containment: an economist's view. AB - Rising medical care costs are not the problem they seem to be, in part because quality of care is not considered. The problem may be more the absence of choice of alternative health benefit packages with price differences. The future of health services in the United States will have more competing alternatives requiring physicians to be more cost conscious. PMID- 6992459 TI - Inhibition of glucagon secretion by diphenylhydantoin in a patient with glucagonoma. PMID- 6992463 TI - [Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of cryptococcosis]. PMID- 6992464 TI - [Structure and function of pylorus and cardia]. PMID- 6992465 TI - [Treatment of esophageal strictures caused by reflux (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic gastroesophageal reflux may cause intensive esophageal stenosis. Terminal distal strictures are rare, more frequent are strictures in the middle third of the esophagus. Neither conservative nor palliative measures offer satisfactory results in such cases. Only surgical intervention improves dysphagia and reduces complications. In some cases also the stenosis itself has to be corrected. Various surgical techniques as well as own experiences are reported. PMID- 6992466 TI - [Chronobiological aspects of artificial total heart replacement in long-term animal experiments--a systemanalytic study (author's transl)]. AB - Biological rhythms (circadian rhythms) have been observed in the hemodynamics of experimental animals (calves). After artificial total heart replacement these rhythms are typically altered compared to control animals. These observations induce a growing consideration of chronobiological aspects in a systemanalysis for the conception of an automatic external control of the artificial heart, which has to be divided in:--parameter-progression (tendencies), --parameter variation (discrete, oscillations), --parameter-coupling (phase shifts). PMID- 6992462 TI - Antihypertensive pharmacology. AB - Although drug treatment of hypertension is associated with improved survival and decreased vascular complications, drug compliance is a major problem in the control of hypertension. All antihypertensive medications are associated with side effects; thus, it is a physician's responsibility to explain to each patient the side effects of the drugs he prescribes to treat hypertension, and to instill in the patient a sense of necessity for the treatment of hypertension. The choice of antihypertensive drug should be made based on each patient's lifestyle, overall health and ability to tolerate the drug. Ideally, the antihypertensive regimen should be simple, effective, convenient to take and have very few side effects. PMID- 6992468 TI - [Early historical aspects of the development of veterinary nutritional hygiene from the professional view]. PMID- 6992467 TI - Effect of insulin on donor hepatic energy charge during cross-dialysis liver support. PMID- 6992470 TI - Memoir of E. C. Schelin 1910-1980. PMID- 6992469 TI - Thymineless death in recombination deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K12. AB - When grown in thymine-free minimal synthetic medium, thyA recA mutants of Escherichia coli K12 were comparatively more resistant and thyA recBC mutants more sensitive to thymineless death (TLD) than their respective parent strains. No excessive numbers of single-strand breaks were observed in the DNA of the recBC mutant strain starved for thymine, hence the hypersensitivity for TLD in this strain was not caused by this type of DNA damage. Although experiments were performed with the same recBC mutant strain as used by earlier workers, results presented here contradict earlier findings that recBC mutants are no more sensitive and recA mutants are no more resistant to TLD. PMID- 6992471 TI - [Information sources on the literature of dermatovenereology]. PMID- 6992472 TI - [Use of proteinases in orchiepididymitis]. PMID- 6992473 TI - [Scientific activities of the provincial societies of otolaryngologists in the Ukrainian SSR during the period of 1957-1978 (based on the minutes and annual reports of the societies published in the Zhurnal ushnykh, nosovykh i gorlovykh boleznei from 1959 to 1978)]. PMID- 6992474 TI - [Genetics of neuroanatomical traits and their possible relationship to features of animal behavior]. AB - A survey is given of the studies in the genetics of neuroanatomical characters. It is assumed that a complex use of the genetic and physiological methods for the study of the connection between neuroanatomical characters and behaviour will permit to approach the understanding of the relations between the structure of the brain, the genotype and behaviour. PMID- 6992475 TI - [Lenin's theory of reflection and Pavlov's teaching concerning higher nervous activity (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin)]. PMID- 6992476 TI - [Science of human higher nervous activity and the problem of psychophysiology]. PMID- 6992478 TI - [Recommendations for the selection and use of rotating instruments]. PMID- 6992477 TI - [Periodic processes in the central nervous system]. AB - Many experimental data point to a multioscillatory modulation of the CNS function. It covers coordinating stabilization of vital time structures, the zero frequency characteristics of neurones and receptors during expansion of their action range, the internal clock and central time counter. This involves triggering processes and sequential order of elementary and cognitive operations as well as the storage of information. The synaptic-connectionistic hypothesis is opposed by the oscillatory resonance theory, in which intracellular oscillators and those connected to the membrane being respondible for extrasynaptic changes in the transmission characteristics of the neurone. PMID- 6992479 TI - [The effect of material properties on the elasticity of metalloceramic constructions]. PMID- 6992480 TI - [Museum of the Soviet Red Cross]. PMID- 6992482 TI - [Evacuation of the wounded and the civilian population from Leningrad to the rear in the USSR in the period of the blockade (1941-1943)]. PMID- 6992481 TI - [Nadezhda Alekseevna Frolova (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6992483 TI - [Alloplasty of cranial defects in children]. AB - In 52 patients whose ages ranged from 2 to 15 years skull defects 6 to 8 cm2 in size were closed with cold-stored grafts of the skull bone of an adult donor. Resorption of the graft in the late period occurred in one patient who underwent a second alloplasty with good results. Alloplasty of defects in the skull of children may be accomplished with a graft taken from an adult donor. In children, allotransplantation has advantages over explantation because the skull defect is repaired with bone of full biological value and an allograft may be used for closure of a defect of any size and in a child of any age, a young child among others. PMID- 6992484 TI - [State of the osteoarticular apparatus of the craniovertebral region following restorative-reconstructive surgery]. AB - Clinico-radiological examination of patients with a history of various types of operative treatment conducted on the craniovertebral region and cervical segment of the spine located below it established more precisely that in many cases neither decompression nor stabilization could completely arrest and eliminate the pathological process and the appearance of secondary deformities and neurological disorders in this region. That is why many operative methods for the management of lesions in this region require further study and elaboration. PMID- 6992486 TI - [On the birthday of Dr. Jiri Nahoda]. PMID- 6992485 TI - [Ledderhose's syndrome in uniovular twins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992487 TI - Highly specific solid phase immunoextraction of TSH using anti-TSH antibodies purified by affinity chromatography. AB - Highly specific anti-TSH antibodies were purified from a crude antiserum preparation by affinity chromatography using TSH-sepharose column as the adsorbant. This procedure completely eliminated the original LH binding activities. The purified anti-TSH antibodies were then coupled to CNBr activated sepharose 4 B and used in separating TSH from rat pituitaries by batch procedure. This method is demonstrated to be highly specific for purifying labelled TSH from pituitaries previously incubated in the presence of [14C]tyrosine. The effect of TRH on TSH biosynthesis is presented as a biological application of this procedure. PMID- 6992488 TI - Leucine assimilation in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - To estimate leucine metabolism in patients with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, elimination of an iv leucine load (50 mg/kg) was determined in 5 insulin-dependent diabetics, in obese (n = 5) as well as in ideal weight maturity onset diabetics (n = 5). Following leucine administration a marked rise of plasma insulin levels in obese diabetics, but lack of insulin response in insulin dependent diabetics was observed compared to healthy controls (n = 6). Elimination half-life of leucine was similar in controls (34 +/- 5 min), in obese (40 +/- 4 min) and in ideal weight maturity onset diabetics (37 +/- 2 min), but significantly prolonged in insulin-dependent diabetics (60 +/- 3 min; P less than 0.01). Thus in obese diabetics elevated plasma insulin levels and near normal elimination half-life of leucine suggest peripheral insulin resistance regarding leucine assimilation. In insulin-dependent diabetics, however, it appears that insulin deficiency is associated not only with elevated plasma leucine levels, but also with delayed elimination by peripheral tissues following administration of this amino acid. PMID- 6992489 TI - Plasma LH levels following electrochemical stimulation of the deafferented medial basal hypothalamus. PMID- 6992490 TI - Pancreatic glucagon response to glucose in hyperlipoproteinaemia with and without abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6992492 TI - Pulmonary physiology and the anesthetist--Part I. PMID- 6992491 TI - Effects of D-mannoheptulose on blood glucose and alloxan sensitivity in mice. AB - D-mannoheptulose (MH) administration induced a decreased serum insulin concentration in fed and starved mice, and a transient hyperglycaemia in fed mice, but not in starved ones. The liver glycogen concentration was decreased in starved controls and in fed mice treated with MH. Differences in the capacity for rapid hepatic glycogenolysis may have contributed to the different blood glucose responses in fed and starved mice. The hyperglycaemia in fed mice was unaffected by pre-treatment with L-leucine, or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB), but was abolished by pre-treatment with tolbutamide, and by post-treatment with insulin. Treatment of fed mice with MH before alloxan caused a marked "initial" hyperglycaemia but no second hyperglycaemia, and thus no development of alloxan diabetes. In starved mice injected with MH before alloxan there was an inhibition of the initial hyperglycaemia, but occurrence of a "second" hyperglycaemia, suggesting an absence of protection against the development of alloxan diabetes. The data show that alloxan diabetes may develop in the absence of an "initial" hyperglycaemia and a triphase blood glucose response. The hyperglycaemic action of MH in fed mice is believed to underlie the protection against alloxan toxicity. PMID- 6992493 TI - The relationship of type A behavior pattern to coronary heart disease. AB - We have attempted to review the majority, if not all, of the available literature concerned with the Type A behavior pattern. The data indicate that the concept of TABP has construct validity and that it does not reflect the distinguishing characteristics of personality traits or psychopathology that are measured by standard psychometric inventories. They support the belief that TABP is an interplay of certain personality attributes and the environmental milieu. This behavior pattern is found to have a causal association with the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in both sexes and predictive strength that is equivalent to the standard risk factors for CHD. The concept of TABP and its relevance for CHD are shown to have cross-cultural validity and to have specificity for CHD in a relationship that has a biological gradient of pathogenecity. TABP can be assessed with substantial replicability and probably can be quantified. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recently assembled a review panel of more than 50 eminent scientists representing a variety of biomedical and behavioral specialties in order to critically examine the evidence for the association between TABP and CHD. In the opening paragraph of the panel's final report, it was stated that "The Review Panel accepts the available body of scientific evidence as demonstrating that Type A behavior (as defined by the structured interview, JAS, and Framingham scale) is associated with an increased risk of clinically apparent CHD in employed, middle-aged U.S. citizens. This increased risk is over and above that imposed by age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking and appears to be of the same order of magnitude as the relative risk associated with any of these factors" (402). PMID- 6992494 TI - Computer-aided analysis of some peculiarities of the rhythm of optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 6992495 TI - Clinical topography of the proctodeum. AB - Textbooks do not provide sufficient descriptions of the proctodeal anatomy and its clinical significance. For example, operation on anal or anorectal fistulas demands detailed knowledge of the continence organ. Proctologic diseases such as haemorrhoids, abscesses and fistulas clarify the situation as they show the natural spaces and leading structures. We studied the proctodeal region in autopsy specimens and also carried out microscopic work on slices of the continence organ. Clinical (rectoscopic, operative) and autopsy findings were thus combined, and morphology is seen under the aspect of proctologic diseases and their treatment. PMID- 6992496 TI - Cardiovascular malformations experimentally induced in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with glycerol formal during days 6-15 of gestation. 76 to 193 fetuses of these rats examined for visceral malformations showed abnormalities of the heart and great vessels. The principal cardiac malformation was ventricular septum defect associated in 40% of the cases with anomalies of the aortic arch: double aortic arch, right aortic arch and coarctation of the aorta. An attempt was made to explain the specific cardiovascular defects. PMID- 6992497 TI - Monolayer destruction by leukocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Separated lymphoid cells from patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) were co-cultivated with various cell lines. Over 80% of such co-cultivations showed destruction of the tissue-culture monolayers, whereas less than 5% of "normal" blood co-cultivation behaved in the same manner. Because of the possible involvement of virus in the aetiology of MS, many positive co-cultivations were 1) examined electron-microscopically, but no virus particles were seen; and 2) tested for measles and herpes viruses using immunofluorescent techniques, but these also proved negative. Leukocytes from stroke patients showed monolayer destruction in about 50% of cases. Granulocyte contamination was high in the stroke blood samples. Reduction of granulocyte numbers to "normal" levels completely abrogated the effect in the stroke samples, but had no effect on the MS co-cultivations. Monolayer destruction by MS leukocytes also appeared not to be due to lymphotoxin. PMID- 6992498 TI - Intervillous blood flow in normal and complicated late pregnancy measured by means of an intravenous 133Xe method. AB - Intervillous blood flow (IVBF) was measured intravenously with a new quantitative 133Xe method in 50 normal and 74 complicated late pregnancies between the 35th and 42nd weeks. The distribution of individual flow rates seemed to be fairly wide in both the normal and the pathological groups. The mean rate of IVBF in normal pregnancies was 140 ml/100 ml of intervillous space/min. The lowest mean flow values were observed in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus (class B-E), cholestasis of pregnancy and severe pre-eclampsia, a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001) from the mean IVBF observed in normal pregnancies. The significance of the results in the different groups has been discussed in detail. This method may open up a new diagnostic area in the management of high risk pregnancies. PMID- 6992499 TI - Vaginal yeasts in parturients and infestation of the newborns. PMID- 6992501 TI - Some words about "sensitive intelligence". PMID- 6992500 TI - On the natural history of osteosarcoma. Aspects of diagnosis, prognosis and endocrinology. PMID- 6992503 TI - A theoretical formulation of social role dimensions. PMID- 6992502 TI - [Psychodrama with children]. PMID- 6992504 TI - [The talk of mothers about their infants: a guide-line for the child psychiatrist]. PMID- 6992505 TI - [The imaginative world of communication disordered children]. PMID- 6992506 TI - Greediness for sweet things in children as a symptom of antidepressive homeostatic compensation: 41 cases. PMID- 6992507 TI - [Facial expression and gestures in the child]. PMID- 6992508 TI - Non-hodgkin malignant lymphoma with special reference to desmosome-like junctions. AB - Seventy-nine cases of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma were light and electron microscopically evaluated with special reference to intercellular correlationship comparing with non-neoplastic lymph nodal cells and cultured B cells. Reticulum cells and histiocytes are regarded as an independent cell unit. Reticulum cell sarcoma shows a fibrosarcomatous proliferation with abundant reticulin fibers, while histiocytic sarcoma is confined to a pleomorphic neoplasm with valid phagocytization. Lymphoid cells are divided into large, intermediate and small lymphocytes. Under inflammation and cultivation they, especially intermediate and large, preferentially proliferated clustering in a reticular fashion, which are designated as reticular lymphocytes, in contrast with nonreticular lymphocytes individually separated. The desmosome-like junctions are found among reticular lymphocytes not only in but also outside germinal centers as well as in vessels and among cultured B cells. Lymphocytic sarcomas, either nodular or diffuse, are classified into reticular and nonreticular types in association with their cellular sizes. The desmosome-like junctions are predisposedly disclosed in reticular lymphoma irrespective of proliferating patterns, nodular or diffuse, and of membrane character, B or T. And the junctions are not regarded as a hallmark for follicular or nodular lymphomas of germinal center cell origin. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 30: 195 approximately 217, 1980. PMID- 6992509 TI - Microfilaments in cells associated with induced heterotopic bone formation in guinea pigs. An immunofluorescence and ultrastructural study. AB - Sera from patients with active chronic hepatitis were used to demonstrate actin microfilaments in cells of a bone-induced model. Demineralized and freeze-dried allogenic dentine was implanted in the abdominal muscles of Guinea pigs. After 21 and 28 days the tissue was excised and showed: a) resorption areas of the dentine contained dentinoclasts and macrophages. b) osteoid and bone and c) areas of fibroblastic proliferation. Osteoblasts and young osteocytes showed the strongest fluorescent staining. Electron microscopy of these cells demonstrated abundant 5 7 nm microfilaments interpreted as actin in the outer parts and cell projections, in which some microtubules also were observed. Fewer microfilaments were present in mature osteocytes although the cell projections in mineralized bone also showed microfilaments. Microfilaments were also found in some dentinoclasts where the actin was located in projections from the ruffled border protruding into the dentine. The localization in the ruffled border corresponded to the distribution of the fluorescent staining of actin. The high amount of actin in osteoblasts and osteocytes may be correlated to the synthesis and transport of the new matrix components. The microfilaments in the clear sealing zone of dentinoclasts were considered to have a function in the sealing of the ruffled border. PMID- 6992511 TI - Kinetics of locomotion of human granulocytes in a double-filter system. Effect of activating plasma with zymosan and casein. AB - A new modification of Boyden's millipore filter technique is described in which leukocytes are sandwiched between two filters and allowed to migrate in two directions. This technique offers a better basis for comparison with mathematical models than does single filter methods. Using this technique, casein in low concentrations was leukokinetic in the absence of plasma, but did not show leukotactic activity unless plasma was present. Zymosan-activated plasma was leukokinetic and strongly leukotactic. PMID- 6992510 TI - Demonstration of separate receptors for human IgA and IgG in group A streptococci type 4. Separation of the solubilized receptors from group- and type-specific antigens, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. AB - The alkaline extract of group A streptococci type 4 was separated by electrophoresis and diffused against 27 normal human sera. One of the precipitates appeared with 85% of the sear. Addition of purified IgA myeloma protein or sera containing IgA M-components to the extract changed the electrophoretic mobility of the precipitate anodically. Purified IgG Fc-fragments or sera containing IgG M-component did not affect the mobility of the precipitate. It was concluded that this precipitate contained the streptococcal receptor for human IgA. A non-precipitating IgG Fc-receptor, with agglutinating capacity for cells coated with human IgG1 but not IgG3, was localized by preparative electrophoresis to the same electrophoretic region as the IgA receptor. The mobility of the IgG receptor remained unaltered on addition of IgA myeloma protein permitting a separation of the two receptors by preparative electrophoresis. The receptors were distinct from the group specific carbohydrate, peptidoglycan and lipoteicholic acid. No M antigen or opacity factor were demonstrated in the extract. PMID- 6992512 TI - Leukocyte migration in different systems. Effect of colchicin. Kinetics of migration under agarose. AB - In a double-filter modification of Boyden's method, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP) needed the presence of fresh plasma to induce leukocyte locomotor kinetics which compared with a model for directional migration. FMLP, or zymosan-activated plasma, did not stimulate migration in capillary tubes. The kinetics of leukocyte migration under agarose towards zymosan-activated plasma were more compatible to a model for increased random motility than for directional migration. Treatment of leukocytes with colchicin reduced their migration under gradient and non-gradient conditions in millipore filters, capillary tubes, and in under-agarose experiments. PMID- 6992513 TI - [Medical-pharmaceutical references in a Hungarian codex from the 12th century]. PMID- 6992514 TI - Should salt intake be cut down to prevent primary hypertension? PMID- 6992515 TI - Body fluid volumes and the response of renin and aldosterone to short- and long term thiazide therapy of essential hypertension. AB - Plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECV) serum electrolytes, renin and aldosterone were measured before and after 1 week and 4 months of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) treatment, 50 mg twice daily, in nine male patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. All studies were carried out under strictly standardized conditions in a metabolic ward. After 1 week of HCT treatment, significant reductions were found in PV and ECV, but after 4 months only ECV was significantly reduced. During HCT therapy, renin and aldosterone were permanently elevated whereas serum sodium and potassium were lowered. After 1 week, renin was inversely correlated with PV and ECV and directly correlated with heart rate. After 4 months, renin was inversely correlated with serum sodium. These results indicate a permanent decrease in ECV during long-term HCT therapy. It is further suggested that the mechanisms responsible for the renin response during short- and long-term HCT treatment are different, changes in body fluid volumes and increased neural activity being responsible for the initial rise in renin, and serum sodium being the predominant factor during chronic treatment. PMID- 6992516 TI - Hyperreninemia, lysozymuria, and erythrocytosis in Fanconi syndrome with medullary cystic kidney. AB - Adult onset Fanconi syndrome with medullary cystic kidney was diagnosed in a 30 year-old male with muscular weakness, hypokalemia, normal BP, hyperreninemia, and secondary aldosteronism. He also had non-specific aminoaciduria, lysozymuria, and beta 2-microglobulinuria. Urinary concentrating and acidifying capacity was impaired, and both sodium and potassium were lost into the urine. I.v. pyelography revealed medullary cystic kidney. Renal biopsy showed juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, heavy subintimal deposits and C3 and IgG in preglomerular arteriolar walls, and degenerative changes in the tubules, including loss of brush border and "macula densa-like" lesions. Polycythemia with elevated serum erythropoietin levels, and raised blood ACTH values with features of cortisolism were also present. Indomethacin therapy decreased plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone, and urinary loss of potassium and sodium, while serum potassium approached normal levels. Metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, caused similar effects. Insensitivity to the pressor effect of angiotensin II was reversed by indomethacin treatment. Somatostatin infusion lowered PRA and aldosterone without affecting BP. Several biochemical aberrations of this patient resemble Bartter's syndrome, including the effect of indomethacin. PMID- 6992517 TI - Sucrose and sorbitol as sweeteners in the diet of insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Blood glucose levels following breakfast meals containing sorbitol or sucrose as sweeteners were investigated. Nine insulin-treated diabetics received two test meals after an overnight fast. The meals were composed of 90 g white bread, 9 g butter and 100 g strawberry jam which on one occasion contained 18 g sorbitol as sweetener and on another 18 g sucrose. Blood glucose was measured for three hours following the meal. The test meal sweetened with sucrose showed a slightly faster postprandial rise in blood glucose than the sorbitol-sweetened meal, but this difference is not statistically significant at any point of the curves. Taking into consideration that sorbitol has a sweetening effect of only 60% of that of sucrose, we conclude that neither sucrose nor sorbitol are acceptable sweeteners for insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 6992518 TI - [Emphysematousabscessified pyelonephritis. Follow up of the clinical evolution with X ray computed axial tomography]. PMID- 6992519 TI - [Root canal therapy from the time of Fauchard to the present time]. PMID- 6992520 TI - [Manual techniques for taking imprints]. PMID- 6992522 TI - [Homage to Andre Marmasse]. PMID- 6992521 TI - [Bernardin Martin and his "Dissertation on Teeth" (1679-1979)]. PMID- 6992523 TI - Nuclear volume and cellular metabolism. PMID- 6992524 TI - Body cholesterol removal: role of plasma high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6992525 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in clinical hyperlipidemias. PMID- 6992526 TI - On the mechanism of hypocholesterolemic effects of polyunsaturated lipids. PMID- 6992527 TI - Lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6992529 TI - Differential inhibition of prostacyclin production and platelet aggregation by aspirin in humans. PMID- 6992528 TI - High-density lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6992530 TI - Syntheses of new prostacyclin analogs. PMID- 6992531 TI - Comparison of the activities of prostacyclin and its stable analogs on the platelet aggregation and cardiovascular systems. PMID- 6992532 TI - Syntheses and biological activities of some prostacyclin analogs. PMID- 6992533 TI - Vasodilator and antiplatelet activities of prostacyclins with modified omega-side chain. PMID- 6992534 TI - Metabolism of the prostaglandins and thromboxanes. PMID- 6992535 TI - PGI2 or PGE2 selectively antagonize responses to excitatory PGs in human isolated myometrium. PMID- 6992536 TI - Prostacyclin in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6992537 TI - Synthesis of thromboxane A2 analogs. PMID- 6992538 TI - Pinane thromboxane A2: a TXA2 antagonist with antithrombotic properties. PMID- 6992539 TI - Use of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6992540 TI - Regeneration of prostacyclin synthetase activity in cultured vascular cells following aspirin treatment. PMID- 6992541 TI - Prostacyclin potently resorbs bone in vitro. PMID- 6992542 TI - Assay methods for prostaglandins and thromboxanes. PMID- 6992543 TI - Destruction of articular cartilage by arthritic synovium in vitro: mechanism of breakdown and effect of indomethacin and prednisolone. AB - Arthritic synovial tissue when cultured with normal articular cartilage induces a breakdown of articular cartilage proteoglycans. No collagen breakdown occurs unless the macroglobulins are inactivated by pretreatment with acid. Proteoglycan breakdown is most likely due to the continuous secretion of hydrolases by the synovium. A proteolytic enzyme has been found in the culture medium which has a pH optimum around 7.6, and is Ca++ dependent. Both indomethacin and hydrocortisone are inhibitors of proteoglycan breakdown. PMID- 6992544 TI - Macrophages from adjuvent arthritic rats preferentially synthetize prostacyclin. AB - Peritoneal macrophages obtained from rats 21 days after induction of adjuvant arthritis and maintained in culture for 20 h in presence of [14C]-arachidonic acid and 10% foetal calf serum were found to have increased capacity for synthetizing prostacyclin and diminished capacity for synthetizing PGE2 compared with macrophages from normal rats. Similar results were obtained when foetal calf serum was replaced by either normal or arthritic rat serum. Orally administered indomethacin inhibited the increased synthesis of prostacyclin. PMID- 6992545 TI - [In memoriam: Professor Kazuo Suga]. PMID- 6992546 TI - [Origin of cataract surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992547 TI - Ureaplasma isolated from the respiratory tract of mink. PMID- 6992548 TI - Thomas Young, M.D. (1773-1829). PMID- 6992549 TI - The effect of atropine on cardiac arrhythmias and conduction. Part 1. PMID- 6992550 TI - Giant cell (cranial) arteritis: a clinical review. AB - Giant cell arteritis is a disease of the elderly which is more common than previously recognized. It is important to be aware of this condition because treatment effectively relieves symptoms and prevents serious complications. The disease is suggested when an elderly patient complains of constitutional symptoms, headache, jaw claudication, or the musculoskeletal manifestations of polymyalgia rheumatica. Abnormalities in temporal arteries or other cranial arteries, or evidence of large vessel involvement may be detected by physical examination. A markedly elevated sedimentation rate in association with other clinical features of the disease strongly suggests giant cell arteritis, but a biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Corticosteroid therapy should be started promptly in high doses in order to prevent blindness. Prolonged treatment with lower dose corticosteroids is generally necessary for up to 1 to 2 years, and sometimes longer, for continued symptomatic relief. Long-term follow up of treated patients has demonstrated no detectable effect on survivorship. PMID- 6992551 TI - A battle with cancer. PMID- 6992552 TI - Community pharmacist specializes in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6992553 TI - An unusual service-dispensing IND drugs. PMID- 6992554 TI - Operations on the mitral valve: a time for weighing the issues. PMID- 6992555 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion. PMID- 6992556 TI - Hypnotherapy with psychotic and borderline patients: the use of trance by patient and therapist. PMID- 6992557 TI - McCollum Award. PMID- 6992558 TI - Mutagenicity of dichloroacetate, an ingredient of some formulations of pangamic acid (trade-named "vitamin B15"). AB - Dichloroacetate demonstrates low grade mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/mammaltan microsome mutagenicity test. This evidence of probable carcinogenicity must be considered in any proposed use of dichloroacetate or of preparations of pangamic acid (trade-named "vitamin B15") CONTAINING DICHLOROACETATE. PMID- 6992559 TI - Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia: effects of a caloric restricted type IV diet versus physical training plus isocaloric type IV diet. AB - Serum lipids, plasma insulin and glucagon, aerobic capacity, and body composition were examined in middle-aged men (X age = 44.2 years) with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia to determine the relative effectiveness of a caloric restricted type IV hyperlipoproteinemia diet (group A) versus physical training plus an isocaloric type IV diet (group B). After 9 weeks of the above interventions, reductions (P less than 0.01) in mean cholesterol levels from 213 to 186 (12% change) and from 205 to 185 mg/dl (9% change), and in triglyceride levels from 332 to 211 (29% change) and from 263 to 138 mg/dl (42% change) were found for groups A and B, respectively. A small reduction in mean fasting insulin level was found only in group B; this reduction appeared inversely associated with increases in aerobic capacity in group B (r = -0.66). Both interventions were without effect on fasting glucagon levels. The physical training program prescribed resulted in a 12% increase in aerobic capacity (group B). Significant mean body weight reductions of 7.7 lb (P less than 0.01) and 2.9 lb (P less than 0.01) were seen for groups A and B, respectively; these absolute body weight reductions differed significantly (P less than 0.05) between groups. Both groups significantly lost body fatness (P less than 0.01). These reductions in body weight and body fatness appeared independent of changes in lipid levels. These results demonstrate that both interventions reduce serum lipids in men with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia but that physical training plus an isocaloric type IV diet may be the more advantageous of the two regimens, since a greater percentage decrease and a more sustained reduction in serum triglyceride levels, and a greater reduction of fasting hyperinsulinemia were observed in group B. PMID- 6992560 TI - Life-long dietary protein restriction and immune function: responses to mitogens and sheep erythrocytes in BALB/c mice. AB - Effects of chronic dietary protein restriction on immunological response were studied in BALB/c male mice. Three diets were used: 4, 8, 24% protein (casein) which 1000 mice were allowed to eat ad libitum. Restricted mice were not malnourished. Mice subjected to 4% protein diet had life expectancy that was marginally significantly prolonged when compared with "control" mice eating 24% protein diet. In vivo primary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes, assessed by plaque formation and serum hemagglutination, were lower in 4% protein fed mice than in those eating 24% protein diets. Primary antibody responses fell with age in all diet groups. In vitro splenic lymphocytic blastogenesis, measured by 3H thymidine uptake to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and allogenic lymphocytes, was not significantly influenced by diet. Thymus weight was not importantly influenced by diet. Spleens from mice eating 4% protein diet and immunized with sheep erythrocytes were significantly smaller than those from control animals. Our findings are consistent with several other reports, and indicate that this type of diet restriction does not delay onset of aging patterns found in the immune system. PMID- 6992561 TI - Effect of source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses to test meals in normal subjects. AB - Plasma glucose and insulin responses were measured in 22 subjects after two meal tolerance tests that varied only in the food source of carbohydrate. Each meal contained 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 40% fat and provided 40% of calculated daily caloric requirement. The meals elicited a similar glucose response; however, the insulin response was significantly lower when rice and corn supplied the carbohydrate as compared to potato and gelatin. The total insulin response, calculated as area under the response curve, was 60% (P less than 0.001) greater in the meal with potato and gelatin versus the rice and corn meal. PMID- 6992562 TI - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci causing pyogenic gingival cyst in infancy. PMID- 6992566 TI - Roster of residents in training programs accredited by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists--calendar year 1979. PMID- 6992564 TI - Taurodontism, an isolated trait associated with syndromes and X-chromosomal aneuploidy. AB - A review of the literature on teeth with enlarged pulp chambers and apical displacement of the bifurcation or trifurcation of roots (taurodontism) and investigation of the association of this trait with X-chromosomal aneuploidy shows that: (1) Taurodontism is not a rare trait in modern man, as indicated by the majority of recent reports, but occurs in approximately 2.5% of adult Caucasians. (2) Taurodontism occurs in syndromes, particularly in those having an ectodermal defect. (3) Among 12 patients showing taurodontic teeth radiographically, all had normal karyotypes. (4) Among 12 patients showing various combinations of X-chromosomal aneuploidy, 11 had taurodontic molars. (5) Patients with a female habitus and X-chromosomal aneuploidy as well as patients with a male habitus and X-chromosomal states have taurodontic teeth. (6) There is no simple association of the degree of taurodontism and the number of X chromosomes, but, in general, patients with the more severe forms of the trait- meso- or hypertaurodontism--are more likely to have X-chromosomal aneuploidy. While taurodontism may be viewed as an extension of a continuous trait of pulp chamber size, the extreme shape may arise when conditions disturbing the epithelial-derived root sheath produce a generalized amplified instability of development, as has been suggested from tissue culture studies of X-chromosomal aneuploid cells. PMID- 6992565 TI - Genetic markers in human bone marrow transplantation. AB - Blood cell isozymes, red cell antigens, immunoglobulin allotypes, and marker chromosomes are suitable tools to monitor bone marrow engraftment and marrow graft quality. Data on genetic markers from 26 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for acute leukemia are presented here. PMID- 6992567 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: neurology. PMID- 6992568 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: pediatrics. PMID- 6992569 TI - Some diseases that have disappeared. PMID- 6992570 TI - Carbenicillin-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus carbenicillin-gentamicin as empiric therapy of infection in granulocytopenic patients. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. AB - The results of therapy with carbenicillin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (C T/S) were compared to those obtained with carbenicillin plus gentamicin (C-G) in a prospective double-blind study of empiric antibiotic therapy in granulocytopenic patients. Patients were stratified into two groups: favorable prognosis, group 1 (carcinoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), or unfavorable prognosis, group 2 (acute leukemia, bone marrow transplantation), based on anticipated duration of granulocytopenia. Over-all, empiric antibiotic trials were more often successful (P = 0.004) in group 1 (55 of 62 patients or 89 per cent) than in group 2 (42 of 64 patients, 66 per cent)mwithin group 1, there was a favorable outcome in 30 of 32 (94 per cent) C-T/S trials and in 25 of 30 (83 per cent) C-G trials (P = 0.25); within group 2, there was a favorable outcome in 23 of 30 (77 per cent) C-T/S trials and in 19 of 34 (56 per cent) C-G trials (P = 0.14), Combined results in both groups indicated a higher proportion of favorable outcome in C-T/S trials (53 of 62, 85 per cent) than in C-G trials (44 of 64, 69 per cent). Further analysis (Manetl-Naenszel test) showed the over-all difference in outcome to be significant (P = 0.049), but the general applicability of this result may be limited by the rather low incidence of gram-negative bacterial infections in this study. There was no difference between the treatment regimens in antibiotic toxicity, and serious superinfection occurred only in group 2 patients (21 per cent of trials), equally divided between treatment arms. Initial protocol dosing achieved target plasma levels of trimethoprim (3 to 8 micrograms/ml) or gentamicin (4 to 10 micrograms/ml) in 57 of 68 (84 per cent) C T/S trials compared to 21 of 60 (35 per cent) C-G trials. PMID- 6992563 TI - Sister chromatid exchange analysis. PMID- 6992571 TI - Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis in reflux nephropathy. AB - Reflux nephropathy was diagnosed in 23 patients (14 per cent of all the patients who received transplants) between 1973 and 1977, and nephrectomy was performed in all. Histology and immunofluorescence revealed a glomerular sclerosis associated with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. No focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis was seen in kidneys removed from patients with nonglomerular renal disease. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion in grams was 3.1 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) and was greater than that in our patients with end-stage nonglomerular renal disease. Thirty-one renal transplants were performed in these 23 patients; thereafter, maximum protein excretion was 1.4 g. Focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis was seen in only one (chronic rejection, protein excretion less than 0.5) of the 20 kidneys available for histologic study. Thus, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis is extremely common in reflux nephropathy, accounts for "glomerular" proteinuria and may contribute importantly to progressive renal failure but, unlike that associated with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, rarely recurs after renal transplantation. PMID- 6992572 TI - Diagnosis of pancreatic islet hyperplasia causing hypoglycemia in a patient with portacaval anastomosis. AB - A patient with biopsy-proved biliary cirrhosis and previous gastrojejunostomy and portacaval anastomosis experienced episodes of severe hypoglycemia. She was found to have hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia. An oral glucose tolerance test showed postgastrectomy hypoglycemia. Results of the intravenous tolbutamide test were diagnostic for insulinoma, but results of the intravenous glucagon test and prolonged fast (96 hours) were not. Failure, on two occasions, to suppress C peptide normally during insulin-induced hypoglycemia led to a diagnosis of pancreatogenous hyperinsulinemia. The pancreas showed a 10-fold increase in islet volume, with intensely positive staining with anti-insulin and anti-glucagon antiserums in addition to anti-somatostatin and anti-pancreatic polypeptide antiserums. Incidental findings at pancreatic exploration were a mesothelioma, which did not stain with anti-insulin antiserum, and, at autopsy one year later, a hepatoma. PMID- 6992574 TI - Improved outcome following renal transplantation with reduction in the immunosuppression therapy for rejection episodes. AB - Renal transplantation is superior to hemodialysis in terms of rehabilitation and cost, but it is offered to only a minority of patients with end-stage renal failure because of complications related to immunosuppression therapy. To reduce morbidity, we modified out therapy of patients with transplant rejection from high dose intravenous methylprednisolone (group A: January 1968--September 1972) to lower dose oral prednisone (group B: September 1972--December 1977). Patient survival in group B was significantly improved over that in group A, both in recipients of cadaver transplants (91 per cent versus 81 per cent, respectively, at one year, p less than 0.0009) and in recipients of transplants from living related donors (99 per cent versus 86 per cent, respectively, at one year p less than 0.001). The improvement in patient survival was the result of a significant decrease in the incidence of infections. Patients with multiple rejection episodes, a very high risk group, experienced an 18 per cent increase in patient survival in group B. With reduction and rapid tapering of corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with acute rejection and curtailment of the therapy of patients with multiple rejection episodes, survival after renal transplantation becomes comparable to that following hemodialysis; in addition, graft function is not compromised. PMID- 6992573 TI - Chorioretinitis with a combined defect in T and B lymphocytes and granulocytes. A new syndrome successfully treated with dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor). AB - A patient with immune deficiency, recurrent pyogenic infections and active chorioretinitis is described; in addition to agammaglobulinemia, both quantitative and qualitative T-cell deficiencies were documented. Furthermore, the patient's granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes), although normal in their bactericidal capacity for Staphylococcus, responded poorly to both leukocyte migration inhibition factor and neutrophil immobilizing factor obtained from normal cells. The immunologic features of this patient appear to comprise a new syndrome. Remarkable diminution of the ocular lesions and increased visual acuity occurred within two months after the initiation of therapy with dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor). Concurrent testing of the patient's cell mediated immunity showed increased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and improved T-cell function following dialyzable leukocyte extract [DLE] therapy. The dramatic clinical results indicate that similar therapy may prove to be beneficial in other patients with chorioretinitis and T-cell deficiency. PMID- 6992575 TI - Oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6992577 TI - Current status of lymphocyte subpopulation testing in humans. AB - The determination of lymphocyte subpopulations is becoming increasingly useful in the clinical laboratory. Defining cells beyond the T- and B-lymphocyte level is now possible and with improved technology such as double labeling, histochemical stains, and cytofluorographic analysis, lymphocyte subpopulation identification will become more routine. This overview presents the current status of the art of defining lymphocyte subpopulations and its usefulness in clinical medicine. PMID- 6992576 TI - Neurogenic factors in low renin essential hypertension. PMID- 6992578 TI - Aortotomy site infections: case presentation and review of the literature. AB - A patient with Aspergillus fumigatus infection involving an aortotomy site with multiple peripheral emboli following implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for rheumatic heart disease is described. Eleven aortotomy site infections are reviewed from the literature. Eight cases were caused by fungi with Aspergillus sp accounting for four cases. Presenting symptoms were nondiagnostic and multiple. However, the diagnosis of aortotomy site infection should be entertained in patients who have had aortic valve surgery who develop fever and embolic phenomena with or without positive blood cultures coupled with no evidence of valve dysfunction, and who respond inappropriately to antibiotic therapy. Ten of the 11 patients reviewed from the literature died. Therapy should be directed at early recognition followed by prompt early surgery combined with the use of proper antimicrobial agents directed against the isolated microorganism. PMID- 6992579 TI - Stress in the nurse. PMID- 6992580 TI - Endometritis following cesarean section. A controlled study of the increased duration of hospital stay and direct cost of hospitalization. AB - The increased hospital stay and direct costs of hospitalization as a result of postcesarean section endometritis were evaluated in a case-matched and controlled study (N = 20 in each group). Endometritis increased postcesarean section hospital stay by 3 days and increased hospital cost by $850. Fifteen to 20% of women delivered by cesarean section develop postpartum endometritis. The success of future antibiotic or surgical intervention studies in reducing this high complication rate can be more accurately evaluated by comparison with these now established parameters of morbidity and cost. PMID- 6992581 TI - Vaginal colonization with invasive Escherichia coli during pregnancy. AB - Escherichia coli containing the K1 antigen was isolated from women throughout their pregnancy and at delivery. The number of positive isolations varied from 5% to 7% throughout pregnancy, and 50% of the babies were coloinized if their mothers were positive for this organism at the time of delivery. In contrast to group B streptococci, the spontaneous loss or acquisition of E. coli K1 was uncommon. PMID- 6992582 TI - Studies on the growth-inhibiting property of amniotic fluids from two United States population groups. AB - This study attempted to determine if lack of antimicrobial activity in amniotic fluid is the reason United States blacks have more amniotic fluid bacterial infection than whites. No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has been claimed that the phosphate:zinc ratio in amniotic fluid is an accurate predictor of antimicrobial activity. The present study found this often to be untrue. Amniotic fluids that lacked antimicrobial activity gained such activity when zinc was added, but the in vitro zinc levels required were usually higher than observed physiologic concentrations. Previous studies have claimed that antimicrobial activity first appears in the amniotic fluid in the third trimester of gestation. We found such activity in the majority of fluids by the end of the first trimester, with a Staphylococcus aureus indicator; in contrast, with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae as test organisms, greater inhibition was observed after 35 weeks. PMID- 6992583 TI - Xiphopagus conjoined twins: a 300-year review of the obstetric, morphopathologic, neonatal, and surgical parameters. AB - Obstetric, morphopathologic, neonatal, and surgical features of 36 reported cases of xiphopagus conjoined twins were correlated and reveal: (1) a 6% incidence of prenatal diagnosis; (2) a 36% rate of dystocia; (3) a 19% incidence of stillbirths; (4) variation in the extent of fusion; (5) a high rate of occurrence of concurrent congenital malformations, not limited to a conjoined area, especially of the heart (25%) and gastrointestinal tract (33%); (6) the importance of diagnostic tests to elucidate conjoined or abnormal structures because of the high rate of concurrent malformations; (7) opisthotonos as the body alignment position of choice; (8) a 69% female sex bias; (9) surgical separation usually in the first year of life; and (10) a 53% survival rate. This paper correlates the world literature for xiphopagus conjoined twins for the past 300 years. PMID- 6992584 TI - Histopathology in the iris-nevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome. AB - A 23-year-old-woman had iris-nevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome characterized by unilateral glaucoma with peripheral anterior synechiae, multiple iris nodules, and ectopic Descemet's membrane. A surgical specimen excised from the involved eye was examined by light and electron microscopy. A cuticular membrane covered both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the iris in this specimen. On the anterior surface of the iris, many projections of apparently normal iris stroma pierced or were surrounded by this membrane. On the posterior surface of the iris, this membrane was associated with a monolayer of cuboidal cells. PMID- 6992585 TI - Reduction of endothelial cell loss during phakic penetrating keratoplasty. AB - I studied the central donor endothelium of 30 clear, penetrating corneal transplants with a specular microscope before and within one week after keratoplasty. The mean endothelial cell loss was 15.6%, and there was no significant difference between the cell loss in phakic and aphakic transplants, as there had been in a previous study. Probably the decrease in endothelial cell loss in the phakic transplants was the result of the use of preoperative digital ocular massage, which softens the eye and decreases endothelial contact by recipient iris and lens during initial graft placement. The decreased use of a double scleral ring without preoperative massage also helped lower the cell loss. The postoperative corneal thickness, which was greater in aphakic transplants, also was significantly correlated with endothelial cell loss. PMID- 6992587 TI - American Academy of Optometry. Geographical directory of members 1980. PMID- 6992586 TI - Bibliography of visual science dissertations and theses: British Universities, 1972-1977. PMID- 6992588 TI - Movement of maxillary segments after expansion and/or secondary bone grafting in cleft lip and palate: a roentgen stereophotogrammetric study with the aid of metallic implants. AB - The study was undertaken to examine the effects of expansion treatment and secondary bone grafting in cleft lip and palate. Movement of the lateral maxillary segments in four patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) was complicated and asymmetric, and a greater relative widening of the dental arch was observed. The least expansion was found in the oldest patient. Bone grafting did not bring about a stable relationship between the segments. The width of the dental arch was mostly maintained despite segmental movement. In one patient with unilateral cleft of the lip and primary palate (UCL) growth in the midpalatal suture followed the pattern observed in noncleft patients but was less extensive. Accurate and comprehensive recording of the relatively small maxillary movements requires that implant stability is checked and that a reference is established outside the maxilla. PMID- 6992589 TI - Effects of recycling on metallic direct-bond orthodontic brackets. AB - Recycling of metallic direct-bond orthodontic brackets is of current interest to the profession. The methods of three recycling companies (Esmadent, Ortho-Cycle, and Ortho-Bonding) as well as the author's flame method were examined for their effects on bracket base torque, slot width, and mechanical properties. There was no statistically significant difference among the four methods of recycling in terms of change in base torque angle and slot width. A slightly statistically significant number of brackets in the control group had a change in slot width of not more than 0.0015 inch (0.038 mm.), and the number of brackets with any change in slot width was less than 20 percent. The recycling methods of the author and Ortho-Bonding caused a loss of ferromagnetism in the recycled brackets, suggesting annealing of the metal. The effect of thermal treatment on brackets was evaluated by measuring hardness and theoretical tensile strength and by evaluating microstructure. The Ortho-Cycle method did not alter the mechanical properties of the bracket metal while the Esmadent method caused subtle changes. The author's process and the Ortho-Bonding method caused carbode separation. While it appears that the amount of dimensional changes in the brackets is of little clinical significance, the changes in the metallurgic microstructure suggest susceptibility to metallic intergranular corrosion. PMID- 6992591 TI - Jacob Amos Salzmann--leader, educator, editor. PMID- 6992590 TI - Retentive shear strengths of various bonding attachment bases. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether any of the commercially available attachment bases had significantly better retentive properties. This was determined by their shear strengths after all were bonded to bovine incisors with Auto-Tach. The mean shear strengths of sixteen bases were statistically compared to each other at 24 hours and at 30 days. In addition, the data were converted to pounds per square inch to ascertain if the size of the base significantly influenced the mean shear strength. It was concluded that (1). one of the foil mesh bases tested for shear strength was significantly superior to the two other base designs (indents with undercuts and solid bases with perforations); (2). mechanical retention of the attachment bases to the adhesive was not significantly affected after being placed in distilled water at 37 degrees C. either for 24 hours or for 30 days; (3). smaller foil mesh bases could be used without sacrificing significant shear strength. PMID- 6992592 TI - Etching of deciduous teeth and young and old permanent teeth. A comparison between 15 and 60 seconds of etching. AB - A comparison was made between the effects of 15 and 60 seconds of etching with a 37 percent phosphoric acid solution on enamel surfaces from deciduous and young and old permanent teeth. Resin impressions of fifteen pairs of enamel surfaces from each group of teeth were studied in the scanning electron microscope. The results were based on in-pair evaluations. A scale from 0 to 3 was used to evaluate the degree of surface irregularity. For deciduous teeth, no difference was found in effect between the etching periods studied. For young permanent teeth, 15 seconds of etching created more retentive conditions than 60 seconds. For old permanent teeth, the reverse was found. The most retentive conditions were found for the deciduous teeth, regardless of etching time. PMID- 6992593 TI - The distribution of prostaglandins in afferent and efferent lymph from inflammatory sites. AB - Arachidonic acid labeled with (14)C was injected directly into lymph nodes that had been stimulated at various times with Escherichia coli. The efferent lymph was collected, and labeled catabolites were extracted and analyzed chromatographically. The pimary conversion product recovered was Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), with the lesser products thromboxane, prostacyclin and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) also detected. When the efferent lymph was analyzed by radioimmunoassay after subcutaneous injectino of E coli into the hock, PGE and PGF levels rapidly increased, reached the highest levels in the first 10 hours, and then returned to normal by 24 hours. When the afferent lymph plasma draining inflammatory sites was compared directly with efferent lymph, PGF levels were similar, but the PGE level was always several times higher in the afferent lymph. To examine the catabolism of PG, either (3,)H-PGF(2alpha) of (3)H PGE(2) was injected into the node, and the efferent lymph plasma was analyzed. No conversion of PGF(2alpha) to other products was found. In contrast, catabolic products of PGE(2) were detected. With the use of equilibrium dialysis techniques, the binding of PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) to proteins in lymph and to bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), and BSA stripped of its fatty acids was established. The binding to lymph proteins correlated with the albumin concentrations in the lymph. This albumin binging probably facilitated the retention and transport of PG in the lymph. PG appears in the lymph at a time corresponding to the uptake and processing of antigen by the node and near the time when lymphokines are detected in lymph and could modulate several steps in the immune response. The PGE detectable in the lymph draining an inflammatory site may play a role in the modulation of blood flow. PMID- 6992595 TI - Effect of insulin-induced maternal hypoglycemia on glucose turnover in maternal and fetal sheep. PMID- 6992596 TI - Significance of comparative studies for renal physiology. AB - Comparative studies contribute significantly to determining principles of renal physiology. Examples of comparative relationships important for past, current, or future studies are discussed. Structural simplicity of the avian glomerulus may permit detailed analysis of filtration pressure profiles. Alterations in nephron function, redistribution of filtration among nephron populations, and control by antidiuretic hormone and other factors are readily demonstrable in nonmammalian vertebrates. Studies of the distal tubule-glomerular feedback mechanism may be particularly revealing in nephrons of nonmammalian vertebrates, many of which lack a macula densa. The influence of volume flow rate in collecting ducts on the concentrating mechanism can be analyzed readily in avian kidneys in which glomerular intermittency influences such flow. The structure of Henle's loops may be related to the importance of sodium, chloride, and urea in avian and mammalian concentrating mechanisms. Perfusion of isolated reptilian renal tubules to study urate transport has also raised questions about fluid absorption and may permit more detailed analysis of some other transport systems than perfusion of mammalian tubules. Simplicity of some nonmammalian systems and exaggerated functions in these systems should continue to make them useful for revealing basic principles of renal function. PMID- 6992597 TI - Quantification of renal uric acid synthesis in the rat. AB - The excretion of nephrogenic uric acid in the urine of Sprague-Dawley rats was estimated by use of the isotope-dilution technique. In nonfasted rats the urine to-plasma specific activity ratio (SAR) of [14C]uric acid was 0.93, suggesting that a minimum of 7% of the uric acid excreted in the urine is synthesized in the kidney. During hypoxanthine infusion the SAR decreased in a dose-related fashion, indicating that the rat kidney is capable of synthesizing relatively large amounts of uric acid and that circulating precursor levels may in part regulate the renal synthesis of uric acid. During allopurinol infusion the SAR increased to 1.0, demonstrating that the SAR is a valid indicator of the contribution of nephrogenic uric acid excreted into the urine. Results of perfusion studies in isolated rat kidneys suggest that uric acid is the major end product of purine catabolism in the rat kidney and that some uric acid formed in the kidney may be absorbed directly into the circulation. PMID- 6992598 TI - Renal renin responses to changes in volume status and perfusion pressure. AB - The effects on juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) renin activity of maneuvers known to acutely alter renin secretory rates were studied in rats. Five groups of rats were studied: group I: control; group II: 1% volume expansion; group III: 10% volume expansion; group IV: hypotensive hemorrhage; and group V: aortic clamping. Superficial (S) JGA renin activity was decreased in group II and further decreased in group III. Deep (D) JGA renin activity did not change. After hypotensive hemorrhage both S- and D-JGA renin activity increased. Similar results were seen after aortic clamping, although the increase in D-JGA renin activity was significantly less. These results indicate that S- and D-JGA renin activity may be under the control of different stimuli and may vary independently. They also support the concept that acute changes in renin secretion may be related to changes in renin synthesis. PMID- 6992599 TI - Biosynthesis, segregation, and secretion of exportable proteins by the exocrine pancreas. AB - Recent findings that contribute to an understanding of the secretory process in the pancreatic exocrine cell are reviewed. These include 1) the separation, identification, and characterization of secreted proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2) the intracellular route and timetable of movement of secretory proteins from one intracellular compartment to another, 3) the evidence that suggests that all enzymes and zymogens secreted by the pancreas are segregated and transported within a single intracellular pathway, and 4) the mechanism by which presecretory proteins are thought to be transported across the lipid bilayer of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (the transport peptide hypothesis). PMID- 6992600 TI - Cerebral sodium extraction in the dog: a test for extracerebral contamination. AB - The single-pass extraction of sodium was measured with and without sympathetic stimulation in dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. A mixture of the test (24Na) and reference ([125I]RISA) substances was injected as a bolus into the common carotid artery. Single-drop samples were taken at approximately 1-s intervals from the sagittal sinus and the temporal sinus while cerebral blood flow was continuously measured at the temporal sinus by the venous outflow technique. The extraction measurements were used to test for extracerebral contamination of venous outflow. The mean integral extraction determined from sagittal sinus samples was 2.2% during control conditions and 3.0% during sympathetic stimulation. The mean temporal sinus extraction of sodium was 6.9% during control and 2.7% during sympathetic stimulation. If true cerebral sodium extraction is assumed to be 1.4% and extracerebral sodium extraction is 60%, then these data indicate that extracerebral contamination is less than 10%. PMID- 6992601 TI - Development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in rats under dietary sodium restriction. AB - In Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral renal artery stenosis and an intact contralateral kidney, administration of a low-sodium diet did not prevent the development of hypertension. Despite an elevated blood pressure, hyponatremia, marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and increased hematocrit values, only 10% of the rats showed lesions of malignant hypertension. Systolic blood pressures of one- and two-kidney sham-operated rats fed a low-sodium diet were significantly higher than that of normotensive controls fed a normal diet. Uninephrectomy did not reduce plasma renin activity. The low-sodium diet increased plasma renin activity to about the same level in one- and two-kidney normotensive rats. However, the increase in plasma renin activity elicited by dietary sodium restriction was markedly less in one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. Systolic blood pressure reached similar levels in one- and two kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rats fed a low-sodium diet. These data indicate that a decrease in sodium intake does not prevent the development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. PMID- 6992602 TI - The case of Anna O.: a reformulation. AB - The best known of all psychotherapy patients. Anna O., entered treatment with Josef Breuer in December 1880. Modern psychotherapy begins with that encounter. Information gathered in the intervening years places us in a favorable position to review and reformulate the case. To do so may have practical and theoretical, as well as historical, importance. PMID- 6992604 TI - Cultivating friends and parasites. PMID- 6992603 TI - Margaret Sanger: birth control's successful revolutionary. AB - The year 1979 marked the centennial of Margaret Sanger, birth control pioneer. Sanger worked to secure two new human rights: the right to decide whether to have a child and the right of a child to be wanted. Beginning in 1873, antipornography crusader Anthony Comstock lobbied through Congress and the state legislatures laws forbidding the distribution of contraceptive devices and even information. He equated these with erotic postcards as "obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, indecent and disgusting." Sanger's strategy was to challenge the Comstock laws in the courts. She studied birth control methods abroad and published a pamphlet, Family Limitation, in 1914. It was the first modern marriage manual; it was also illegal. The publicity her trial generated was immense and highly sympathetic. The government dropped its case when it saw it could only make her a martyr. An obstetrical nurse, Sanger had seen the plight of factory women in the poorest sections of New York City. In order to provide the medical advice and supplies women clamored for, Sanger opened the first U.S. birth control clinic, in Brooklyn in 1916. The New York City Vice Squad raided and closed it, and jailed Sanger. Margaret Sanger underwent other trials, raids, and harassments, but each time won additional public support for her organization--Planned Parenthood--and her cause. PMID- 6992605 TI - Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: determination of chloroquine sensitivity of three new strains by a modified 48-hour test. AB - Three recently isolated African strains of Plasmodium falciparum were tested in vitro for their response to chloroquine. Both the 48-hour method described earlier and a modified 48-hour test were used, yielding comparable results. Strain FCR-7/Kenya, isolated from a clinically chloroquine-resistant case, was more resistant to the drug in vitro than the two other strains (FCR-8/West Africa and FCN-1/Nigeria, both isolated from chloroquine-sensitive cases). Complete inhibition of parasite growth occurred for strain FCR-7/Kenya in a drug concentration range ten times higher than for strains FCR-8/West Africa and FCN 1/Nigeria. In the modified 48-hour test, a lower erythrocyte suspension (2%) allows continuous growth of the parasites over a 48-hour cycle without necessitating change in medium. It thus offers distinct advantages for routine laboratory work as well as for potential field trials. PMID- 6992607 TI - A seroepidemiological study of amebiasis in Surinam by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Sera from nine populations in Surinam, South America, were screened for antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and a precipitin test (gel diffusion or counterimmunoelectrophoresis). In two small surveys in 1974 and 1978, a high rate of clinically significant ELISA titers was found in a rather isolated group of Amerindians living near the Brazilian border, predominately in the youngest age groups. Amerindians living near the coast showed a low level of seropositivity. Low levels were also found in Bush Negro villages in the interior of Surinam and in Hindustani school children from the savannah area. A high frequency of ELISA titers greater than or equal to 320, indicating a high rate of invasive amebiasis, was detected in persons in a mental institution in Paramaribo. It is concluded that the ELISA, which is much more sensitive than the precipitin tests, is a useful screening test for assessing the prevalence of invasive amebiasis on an epidemiological scale. PMID- 6992606 TI - Immunization against rodent malaria with cryopreserved irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. AB - The preparation and storage of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites for immunization purposes is described. The sporozoites were harvested from the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, and maintained in cold tissue culture medium M199 with or without mouse serum. They were irradiated and frozen either at -75 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen. After various periods sporozoites were thawed and injected into A/J mice. At the end of the immunization period the animals were challenged with infective sporozoites of P. berghei and monitored for parasitemia. It was found that the storage did not appreciably alter the ability of the irradiated sporozoites to induce protective immunity in the recipient animals. The highest protection (80--100%) was induced with sporozoites maintained in 10% serum and stored at -75 degrees C. PMID- 6992608 TI - Mansonella ozzardi infections in Indians of the Southwestern part of the state of Bolivar, Venezuela. AB - Mansonella ozzardi infections were found in 80/139 (58%) of Indians living in the forest of the upper Caura River Basin located in the southwestern part of Bolivar State, Venezuela. In four (3%) of the blood samples a second type of microfilaria which could not be identified was also found. PMID- 6992609 TI - Applicability of different antigen preparations in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - The applicability of seven different antigen preparations for the detection of antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni was tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For this purpose, sera from children and adults from Surinam infected with S. mansoni were screened for the presence of specific antibodies against the various antigens. With all antigens, generally better results were obtained with the sera from children than with those from adults. The best results were obtained when the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction of adult worm antigen (containing the proteoglycan circulating anodic antigen) was used. PMID- 6992610 TI - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to DNA. Studies with New Zealand mice and murine schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6992594 TI - The prostanoids in hemostasis and thrombosis: a review. PMID- 6992611 TI - Transmission of Plasmodium vivax from Vietnam by four different anophelines. AB - Infections of the SV-I strain of Plasmodium vivax from Vietnam were transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles stephensi, An. maculatus, and An. balabacensis balabacensis mosquitoes. Infected salivary glands were also found in An. freeborni mosquitoes. In 18 successful transmissions, prepatent periods ranged from 10--17 days. Four black volunteers failed to develop infections even though they were fed upon by heavily infected An. maculatus and An. b. balabacensis mosquitoes. PMID- 6992612 TI - History of surgery of the esophagus. AB - The progress of esophageal surgery from the beginning of medical history through five historical eras, up to the second half of the 20th century, is reviewed. Progress was slow from the first surgical repair of the esophagus in ancient Egypt in 2500 B.C. until the end of the 19th century, when scientific discoveries made possible the solid beginnings of abdominal surgery. Thoracic surgery followed in the 20th century, with rapid strides in World War II. These wartime advances stimulated an interest in esophageal surgery in the postwar era, when operative techniques became well standardized and surgery of the esophagus was placed on a par with that of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Because of the limitations of time and space, much important material has had to be left out. Yet it is hoped that this brief historical overview will put in perspective the important advances of the second half of this century, which will be presented by our distinguished speakers. It has been a privilege for me to have had a part in the development of this type of surgery and to share these ideas with you. PMID- 6992613 TI - Reminiscence of personal association with American thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 6992614 TI - Effect of an intravenous fat preparation on canine gastric secretion. AB - The effect of intravenous administration of a fat emulsion on canine gastric secretion stimulated by intravenous infusion of amino acids, pentagastrin or insulin was studied. The fat preparation was given at a rate of 30 ml/hour for 2 hours, and its effects were compared with those of a comparable amount of saline solution, each given on three separate occasions in each dog. Fat did not alter the Heidenhain pouch secretion stimulated by intravenous amino acids (1.10 versus 1.11 mmol of hydrogen ion, p greater than 0.9) or the gastrostomy secretion stimulated by intravenous insulin (9.22 versus 9.54 mmol of hydrogen ion, p greater than 0.7) but had a modest inhibitory effect on Heidenhain pouch secretion stimulated by pentagastrin (2.75 versus 3.54 mmol of hydrogen ion, p less than 0.05). These data provide indirect support for the contention that the inhibition of gastric secretion by fat in the gut is mediated by the release of an enterogastrone rather than by a direct effect of absorbed fat. Because gastric stimulation by intravenous fat was not observed in the dog, it seems likely that intravenous fat emulsion can be given to seriously ill patients without fear of an increased likelihood of peptic ulceration due to induced gastric hypersecretion. PMID- 6992615 TI - The University of Glasgow and the Johns Hopkins Schools of Surgery. AB - Glasgow's medical faculty traces back to the illustrious 16th century surgeon Peter Lowe. Its regius professorship, which dates from 1815, has been occupied by many luminaries including Joseph Lister, William Macewen, Charles Illingworth and Andrew W. Kay. William Macewen was Johns Hopkin's first choice for professor, but the opportunity was then awarded to William Halsted (1889-1922), who developed America's first great school of surgeons, a tradition restored by Blalock from 1941 to 1964. PMID- 6992617 TI - Circummandibular or nasomaxillary suture with pullout loop for secure placement of endotracheal tube. AB - An oral endotracheal tube is secured with a double-armed black nylon circummandibular suture. A green pullout suture is incorporated to aid in removal. A nasal endotracheal tube is placed similarly except that the posterior strand is passed from the oral surface of the palate to the nasal floor with an eyed awl. PMID- 6992616 TI - Gastrointestinal anastomoses constructed with singly placed staples. AB - Thirty gastrointestinal anastomoses were created in dogs by stapling with singly placed staples, using a commercially available skin and fascial stapler. The exercise served to illustrate the advantages of automation of individual sutures rather than the whole suture line, pointing out a new direction for the future development of gastrointestinal staplers. PMID- 6992618 TI - [Determination of the date of delivery of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6992619 TI - [Determination of fetal parameters by an ultrasonic method (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6992621 TI - [Problems of ABO hemolytic disease in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6992620 TI - [Effect of normogylycemic insulin therapy during pregnancy on the course of diabetes mellitus and the pregnancy]. PMID- 6992622 TI - [Sperm analysis]. PMID- 6992623 TI - A tribute: Thomas N. James, M.D. PMID- 6992624 TI - Quality control in routine cytopathology. PMID- 6992626 TI - Effect in man of oral terbutaline on cutaneous reactions induced by allergen and cold stimulation. AB - In eight atopic subjects wheal and flare responses to intradermally injected horse dander and histamine were determined after pretreatment with 5 mg oral terbutaline or placebo in a double-blind cross-over study. In each individual a dose of allergen was used that produced a flare reaction approximately the size of the ED50 for histamine. Pretreatment with terbutaline was found to attenuate both the wheal and the flare reactions to allergen throughout the observation period of 150 min but only the effect on the wheal response reached statistical significance (P less than 0.01). The responses to histamine were not influenced. In five subjects with cold urticaria, treatment with 2.5 mg terbutaline t.i.d. for a week had no effect on the time period of cold provocation needed to evoke an urticarial lesion. It is concluded that oral treatment with terbutaline may produce an inhibitory action on allergen induced reactions but that this effect is not strong enough to interfere with clinical skin testing and hence the drug need not to be withdrawn prior to such testing. PMID- 6992627 TI - Purification and characterization of allergen preparations and standardization of materials and methods in allergy. PMID- 6992628 TI - Standardization of biological methods in clinical work in allergy. PMID- 6992625 TI - Medical Grand Rounds. Update on kidney transplantation. PMID- 6992629 TI - Standardization of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and allergen extracts in terms of the WHO standard for IgE. PMID- 6992631 TI - [Acoustic trauma in the 11th century]. PMID- 6992630 TI - Standardization of the RAST inhibition assay. PMID- 6992633 TI - [Formal session in commemoration of His Excellency Don Guillermo Nunes Perez, honorary member of the Academy]. PMID- 6992632 TI - [The castrated singers]. PMID- 6992634 TI - [Formal Session in commemoration of His Excellency Don Jose Gay Prieto, honorary member of the Academy]. PMID- 6992635 TI - Plasma cholinesterase variants and the anaesthetist. AB - Biochemical properties of plasma cholinesterase of significance to the anaesthetist are reviewed. The role of the genetic variants of the enzyme in suxamethonium sensitivity and hyperthermia are discussed with emphasis on the pregnant patient. Altered gene frequencies of the enzyme variants in some mental disorders is commented upon. PMID- 6992636 TI - Solar-powered ventilator alarm. AB - A ventilator alarm device is described with some unique features. It has a very low current consumption. This allows prolonged operation from small batteries which may be recharged from the ambient light in the room. The device is automatically activated and de-activated by the pressure wave from the ventilator. No external switches or other controls are necessary. The very small size means that the device can be directly attached to a ventilator 'in line' with the ventilator circuit. There are no tubing connexions between the ventilator and the alarm device and no separate shelf-space is required. PMID- 6992637 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary oedema in man: aetiology and management with vasodilators based on haemodynamic studies. AB - Acute pulmonary oedema is a rare complication of head injury. A case is reported in which the pulmonary oedema was treated initially by tracheal intubation, constant positive airway pressure, ventilation and isoprenaline. Subsequent treatment was by vasodilation with sodium nitroprusside and phenoxybenzamine and the patient made a good recovery. The findings are discussed in relation to reported experimental work. The aetiology appears to be related to a massive sympathetic discharge leading to systemic vasoconstriction, shift of blood to the pulmonary circulation with left ventricular failure and pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6992638 TI - Ion selective electrode estimation of avidin and biotin using a lysozyme label. PMID- 6992639 TI - A rapid procedure to determine the content of 2'-O-methylation in RNA by homochromatography. PMID- 6992640 TI - A convenient lactic dehydrogenase-coupled assay for determining pyridoxal 5' phosphate in plasma. PMID- 6992642 TI - Lactose biosynthesis: a sensitive radiochemical assay. PMID- 6992641 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of beta-[U-14C]alanine and D-[1,2,3-14C]pantothenate of high specific radioactivity. PMID- 6992643 TI - Current trends in the estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters. PMID- 6992644 TI - Affinity purification of glutamate synthase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6992645 TI - Elimination of insulin-like activity present in certain batches of crude bovine serum albumin by trypsin treatment. PMID- 6992646 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for connective tissue components. PMID- 6992647 TI - A simplified procedure for the isolation of bacterial polypeptide elongation factor EF-Tu. PMID- 6992649 TI - Automated colorimetric determination of acid proteinase activity in fermentation samples using a trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid reagent. PMID- 6992648 TI - A method for controlled coupling of amino compounds to enzymes: a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin. PMID- 6992650 TI - An immunohistochemical study for testicular biopsies in cases of male infertility. AB - Immunohistochemical and morphological examination of 50 bilateral testicular biopsies of infertile men shows the presence of immunoglobulin in 20% of the cases, suggesting that testicular immune phenomena might be implicated in the pathogenesis of infertility. Several observations make it clear that immune phenomena are labile and that only a multidisciplinary and dynamic approach can bring some progression in this field. PMID- 6992651 TI - American society of Anesthesiologists Rovenstine lecture--1979: anesthesiologists as clinicians. PMID- 6992652 TI - Treatment of unilateral pulmonary insufficiency by selective administration of continuous positive airway pressure through a double-lumen tube. PMID- 6992654 TI - [History of endotracheal tubes with cuffs and bronchial blockers]. PMID- 6992653 TI - [Lenin's decrees in the field of public health]. PMID- 6992656 TI - William T. Coulter 1899 - 1980. PMID- 6992655 TI - [In memoriam Prof. V. Iu. Ostrovskii]. PMID- 6992659 TI - Structure and function of plasma lipoproteins with particular regard to hyperlipoproteinemias and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6992657 TI - [Search for homologous antibodies during urinary infections in patients with or without renal allografts (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the immune response during urinary infections, firstly in 20 patients with a renal allograft and receiving immunosuppressive agents, secondly in 55 patients consulting on a renal unit. Homologous antibodies were sought in the urine (test for antibodies fixed on urinary bacteria AFBU) and in the serum (seroagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence) using an antigens strains isolated from patients' urine. Comparative statistical analysis of the results given by the 3 methods reveals a good correlation between these tests in non transplanted patients. On the other hand, there is no statistical link between seroagglutination and the AFBU test in transplanted patients, whereas the results of indirect immunofluorescence and the AFBU test remain strongly correlated. The interest of the 3 methods is discussed. PMID- 6992658 TI - [Value of antibody coated bacteria in the localization and follow-up of chronic urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Antibody coating of urinary bacteria was performed in order to localize the site of recurrent urinary tract infections in 39 para or tetraplegics. The antibody coated bacteria test was positive with anti human globulin in 19 out of 39 patients: upper urinary tract infections 7/10, prostatitis 3/3, lower urinary tract infections 9/26. Of the 19 patients with positive antibody-coated bacteria test 14 were tested with monospecific antisera: 13 were IgG positive and 11 were IgA positive; IgM was never present. Among the 11 IgA positive tests, we search for the presence of IgA secretory piece in 8 and all were positive. The immunoglobulins on the bacterial wall result, in part, from local production of urinary antibody. Although positive results with anti human globulins occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary tract infections, this test appears to be a useful screening test for localization of infection in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. PMID- 6992660 TI - A lesson in courage and resourcefulness. PMID- 6992661 TI - Protease and antiprotease responses in lung and peripheral blood in experimental canine pneumococcal pneumonia. AB - We studied the effects of pulmonary infection with type III pneumococcus in dogs on the degree of granulocyte elastase-like esterase activity and on the degree of antiproteases in peripheral blood and lung lavage fluid. In 9 infected dogs the peripheral blood granulocyte esterase activity increased from a preinfection level of 361.3 +/- 51 units/10(8) leukocytes to 593.8 +/- 80 units/10(8) leukocytes (mean +/- SE) 24 h after pneumonia had been induced (p less than .02). Parallel changes were measured in granulocytes obtained from bronchial lavage fluid. The antitrypsin activity and esterase inhibitory activity of peripheral blood increased by 15% after infection was induced. The esterase inhibitory activity of lung lavage fluid increased from a preinfection level of 776 +/- 160 units/mg of lavage protein to 1,390 +/- 200 units/mg of lavage protein (p less than .05). These findings indicate that whereas both circulating and lung lavage granulocytes contain increased concentrations of proteolytic activity during infection, serum antiproteases and, to a larger extent, lung antiproteases, also are increased. PMID- 6992662 TI - Regulation of the release of alveolar macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor. AB - In order to further clarify the physiologic role of the neutrophil-directed chemotactic factor derived from alveolar macrophages, we evaluated those stimuli that possess the potential to regulate the quantity and kinetics of its release in vitro. In short-term culture, particulate stimuli (Staphylococcus albus, Micropolyspora faeni, zymosan, and Sepharose 4B) as well as IgG-immune complexes induced normal guinea pig alveolar macrophages to release significant quantities of this chemotactic factor. In addition, serum opsonization of particulate stimuli resulted in significant augmentation of release of the chemotactic factor from alveolar macrophages responding to these particles. This serum augmentation was associated with the fixation of C3b to the particle surface via the alternative complement pathway. Purified C3b, by itself, was also capable of inducing release of this macrophage-derived mediator. Partial characterization of this chemotactic factor revealed that it was a material of low molecular weight (400 to 600 daltons), and that it was antigenically and physically distinct from C5a. These studies suggested that the induction of chemotactic factor release from alveolar macrophages responding to microorganisms, noninfectious particulates, antigen-complexed IgG, and C3b may contribute to the pathophysiologic events observed in those lung diseases characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the pulmonary parenchyma. PMID- 6992663 TI - Pleural effusions due to Cryptococcus neoformans: a review of the literature and report of two cases with cryptococcal antigen determinations. AB - Pleural effusions due to Cryptococcus neoformans occurred in 2 patients, 1 with localized pulmonary infection and 1 with disseminated cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal antigen was present in the pleural fluid from both patients and it was present also in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patient with disseminated infection. The cryptococcal antigen test is a sensitive and specific indicator of cryptococcoal infection, and it was not positive in pleural fluid samples from a variety of other conditions including bacterial and mycobacterial infections and primary or metastatic malignancies. Twenty-eight additional cases of cryptococcal pleural effusions have been reported in the English literature, equally divided between patients with infection localized to the thorax and those with disseminated disease. Cryptococcal infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patiients with pleural effusion, especially patients with serious underlying diseases treated with corticosteroids. The cryptococcal antigen test appears to be a useful adjunct in diagnosis, and serial determinations may be helpful in assessing response to treatment. PMID- 6992664 TI - American Thoracic Society: the fifty-five Trudeau medalists (1926-1980): a seventy-fifth anniversary review. PMID- 6992665 TI - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the head and neck. AB - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the head and neck is an unusual, slowly growing malignant tumor of the dermis which is locally infiltrative and recurs persistently. Fifteen cases of dermatofibrosarcoma of the head and neck were studied in detail as to age and sex of patient, location of the tumor, clinical course, and ultimate outcome. Four tumors were of the forehead, four were of the scalp, three were of the chin, two were of the anterior neck, one was of the lateral face, and one was of the postauricular region. Initial diagnosis was sometimes inaccurate, and initial treatment was often inadequate. The treatment of choice following diagnosis is wide local excision and careful follow-up examination. PMID- 6992666 TI - Role of posttransplant kidney biopsy after hypothermic pulsatile perfusion. AB - Biopsies were obtained from 24 perfused cadaver kidneys. The histologic findings were correlated with short- and long-term kidney function after transplantation. There was no correlation between structural findings present immediately after perfusion and transplantation and short- or long-term kidney function. Thus, we believe that one-hour posttransplant kidney biopsy does not have a role in assessing recently perfused and transplanted kidneys. PMID- 6992667 TI - Chemoneurolysis of the canine gastric submucosa: effects of surgically induced gastric hypersecretion in the Pavlov pouch. AB - Innervated (Pavlov) gastric fundic pouches were constructed in dogs. One group of dogs served as controls, and another group of dogs had their pouch submucosa infiltrated with 25 per cent ethyl alcohol. The alcohol infiltration of the gastric pouch submucosa eliminated the gastric secretory responses to histamine, pentagastrin, a meat meal, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The alcohol infusion of the gastric pouch submucosa did not modify the elevated serum gastrin levels to a meat meal, alter the basal or stimulated mean splenic arterial blood flow to the pouch, nor alter the histologic appearance of the pouch with hematoxylin and eosin or histochemical fluorescence of catecholamines. Transplantation of 75 per cent of the gastric antrum into the colon caused a basal and a meal-augmented hypergastrinemia in all dogs. In the control Pavlov pouches the hypergastrinemia induced elevated gastric secretory responses to histamine, pentagastrin, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In those Pavlov pouches in which the submucosa had been infiltrated with alcohol, the hypergastrinemia could not induce any gastric secretory response to histamine, pentagastrin, or insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 6992669 TI - Some anatomical considerations relevant to the creation of selective splenorenal shunts. PMID- 6992668 TI - The current status of femoropopliteal bypass grafting. AB - Results of saphenous vein bypass grafts for femoral occlusive disease justify their use in the management of patients with threatened limb loss and in selected patients with intermittent claudication. Early results with PTFE and umbilical vein grafts indicate that successful bypass is feasible in patients with absent or inadequate saphenous veins. Currently, however, long-term follow-up with these new grafts is lacking and continued use of saphenous vein grafts whenever possible is preferred. PMID- 6992670 TI - The embolic hazard of a septic arrhythmia. PMID- 6992671 TI - Mucormycosis in transplant patients. AB - Cutaneous mucormycosis in a renal transplant recipient resulted in gangrenous cellulitis of the neck at an internal jugular cannula site. This nosocomial process was due to a histologically confirmed infection, and cultures revealed Mucor sp. The patient died despite surgical debridement and amphotericin B therapy. Cutaneous mucormycosis is a relatively rare entity with only 12 cases previously reported. In renal transplant patients only nine cases of renal transplant patients only nine cases of mucormycosis have been reported and only one was cutaneous. Also, this case reported is the second originating at an intravenous cannula site; the first recorded patient was diabetic. PMID- 6992672 TI - Persistent immunologic abnormalities in long-term survivors of advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - Immunologic studies were done on 47 long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease who had been treated with MOPP chemotherapy (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone). Percentages of E rosettes and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation were significantly reduced compared to those in normal control subjects. There was no tendency for these abnormalities to return to the normal range with increasing disease-free intervals. No abnormalities of B-cell number or function were detected. Long-term survivors of advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma treated with comparable chemotherapy, who served as a control population, had significantly higher percentages of E rosettes and no reduction in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Thus these persistent immunologic abnormalities cannot be attributed to chemotherapy alone. The presence of similar immunologic abnormalities in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease of all stages and in patients cured by either MOPP or radiotherapy suggests that depressed cellular immunity may be an inherent characteristic of the person in whom Hodgkin's disease develops. PMID- 6992673 TI - Parzival's pericardial puncture. PMID- 6992674 TI - Growth factors. AB - Humoral regulation of somatic and hematopoietic cell growth has been intensely investigated during the past decade. Growth hormone is unique because it regulates the size of the person within the constraints of the genetic program. The somatomedins and insulin growth factors are low molecular weight polypeptides believed to mediate some functions of growth hormone. Epithelial growth factor and nerve growth factor are well-characterized polypeptides that influence the growth and differentiation of epithelial and neural tissues and interact with specific cell surface receptors. The hematopoietins are a family of polypeptide hormones that specifically regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells giving rise to erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and B and T lymphocytes. Platelet-derived growth factor modulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro and may have a role in the development of atherosclerosis and myelofibrosis. New knowledge on the biochemistry and physiology of growth factors will probably have a substantial impact on our understanding of human diseases involving abnormal cell growth. PMID- 6992675 TI - The chemotherapy of prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - A number of chemotherapeutic agents show moderate promise for the palliative treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Although patterns of metastatic disease make classic response rates difficult to obtain and interpret, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), and cisplatin have activity in patients who have failed conventional hormonal treatment. In most studies, a survival advantage is seen for responders to these and other chemotherapeutic agents, but no survival advantage has been seen for the treatment cohorts when compared to groups not receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, estimates of the usefulness of these agents must be considered tentative. Multiple drug therapy has not yet shown definite superiority to single agent treatment. The uses and limitations of acid phosphatase as a tumor marker, as well as particular difficulties in measuring tumor response in the disease, are detailed herein. PMID- 6992676 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and ophthalmoplegia: a progressive, cardioneurologic syndrome. AB - Disorders characterized by both neurologic (ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, neuromyopathy) and cardiologic (heart block, cardiomyopathy) abnormalities have been previously called the "ophthalmoplegia plus" syndromes. Most are not due to a specific enzyme defect or metabolic abnormality and thus may be similar phenotypic expressions of diverse causes. We studied seven patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and variable ataxia, with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation that progressed in severity as did the neuromuscular manifestations. Abnormal skeletal muscle biopsies showed "ragged red" fibers or congenital fiber type disproportion; serum alanine levels were elevated; in-vivo and in-vitro tests of pyruvate metabolism gave abnormal results; C4 complement was decreased; and the patients' fibroblasts bound immunoglobulin when incubated with autologous serum. These data suggest a distinct neuromuscular disorder with metabolic and immunologic features associated with mitral valve prolapse and progressive mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6992677 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AB - To study once-daily antimicrobial prophylaxis of urinary tract infections, we gave trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40 mg/200 mg), trimethoprim (100 mg), nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (100 mg), or placebo to 60 women for 6 months. During prophylaxis, infections per patient year were comparable in the groups receiving trimethoprim (0.0), nitrofurantoin (0.14), or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (0.15) and occurred less frequently than in patients receiving placebo (2.8; P less than 0.001, placebo versus each drug regimen). The effectiveness of prophylaxis was limited to the 6 months that antimicrobials were given, and infections were more likely to develop after prophylaxis in women who had three or more infections in the year before prophylaxis (P less than 0.005). Further, women whose preprophylaxis infection was positive for antibody-coated bacteria were more likely to have same-strain relapse when infections recurred (P = 0.001). Emergence of trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli was rare, but non E. coli infections occurred more often after prophylaxis (P less than 0.05). Prophylaxis with these drugs is effective, well tolerated, and did not produce emergence of resistant E. coli but may predispose to non-E. coli urinary tract infections after its discontinuation. PMID- 6992678 TI - The progression of vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy. AB - The relations among renal function, proteinuria, and glomerular lesions were studied in 54 patients with reflux nephropathy. The clinical course to end-stage renal disease was not appreciably altered by late surgical correction of the reflux, occurrence of urinary tract infection, or hypertension. All patients with progressive renal disease had significant proteinuria. Mesangial glomerular lesions can occur in the absence of proteinuria detectable by routine analysis, whereas lesions similar to those seen in idiopathic focal sclerosing glomerulopathy were present in the renal biopsies from proteinuric patients. Deposition of immunoproteins was limited to glomeruli undergoing sclerosis. Similarly, electron-dense deposits were confined to areas of mesangial alterations. Our results suggest that mesangial alterations occur early in the course of reflux nephropathy and may lead to the development of focal sclerosis. At later stages, counterproductive mechanisms of adaptation to the loss of viable nephrons might result in an acceleration of the clinical course to renal failure. PMID- 6992680 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases and traumatic problems in homosexual men. AB - In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, both of which may develop primarily at anorectal or pharyngeal sites, a number of conditions, including Neisseria meningitidis urethritis, nonspecific urethritis, anorectal herpes, condyloma acuminatum, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, enterobiasis, and hepatitis A and B, have been identified as being transmitted by male homosexual contact. Proctologic complications of anal intercourse include allergic reactions to anal lubricants, prolapsed hemorrhoids, and fistulas, and fissures. Rectosigmoid tears may result from fist, forearm, and foreign body penetration of the bowel. Physicians can best help their homosexual patients by accepting them and their relationships nonjudgmentally and by understanding their special health needs. PMID- 6992679 TI - Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and cytarabine (COMLA) combination sequential chemotherapy for advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - A program of combination sequential chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and cytarabine (COMLA) was administered to 42 previously untreated patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Twenty-three patients achieved a complete remission as determined by strict clinical restaging criteria. The observed median duration of survival for the complete responders is longer than 33 months. Eight patients achieved a partial response, with a median survival longer than 21 months. Eleven patients showed no response, with a median survival of 5 months. Toxicity was acceptable. None of the responders have shown central nervous system relapse. There was no difference in response rates between patients with stage III or IV lymphoma or between asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. The COMLA program produces a high rate of complete and durable remissions and should be considered as an initial form of management of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6992681 TI - Individual differences in cancer susceptibility. AB - The major determinants of cancer risk are environmental carcinogens and predisposing host factors. Interactions between these determinants are now being studied by clinical-laboratory investigations. An individual may be predisposed to cancer by both genetic and acquired conditions. Genes related to malignancy and to carcinogenesis have been mapped to individual chromosomes in several species, including humans. Because most environmental chemical carcinogens require enzymatic activitation and a wide variation in carcinogen metabolism among people has been found, the ratio of metabolic activation to deactivation of carcinogens may ascertain, in part, a person's cancer risk. Additionally, cancer risk of chemical and physical agents can be qualitatively predicted by carcinogenicity tests in experimental animals. The emerging field of cancer ecogenetics is aiding efforts to prevent human cancer. PMID- 6992682 TI - Words as scalpels: transmitting evidence in the clinical dialogue. AB - This paper examines rationales and policies developed by physicians through history about what to tell patients found to have serious illness. The widespread belief among doctors that the revelation of threatening news causes patients considerable anguish and seriously erodes the prospect of maintaining their hope encouraged a policy of concealment for many centuries. Arguments that encourage candor have been increasingly pressed during the last two centuries. Advocates point out that candor can be beneficial and is favored by many patients, and that a policy of concealment usually fails to work, tends to place stress on patients by constraining discussion of anxieties generated by vague or explicit knowledge of the true situation, and exerts a damaging effect on trust in the medical relationship. Not only the moral aspects of this problem but also its clinical dimensions, such as mastering the skill to discuss threatening news with patients, bear considerable scrutiny by physicians and medical educators. PMID- 6992683 TI - Franz Ingelfinger, 1910--1980. PMID- 6992684 TI - Eikenella corrodens infections in drug abusers. PMID- 6992685 TI - [History, pedagogy and psychiatry in Saxony in the XIXth century (a propos the approaches to the Schreber family)]. AB - History and Psychiatry are two different disciplines, but very often psychiaters have, for the sake of their discipline, used historical elements; and the reverse is true. The most frequent approach is to look into history in order to understand Psychiatry, the reverse being unusual. Few examples of psychiaters or historians approaching psychiatry in order to understand history can be provided: Sparta, Luther and Nazism. Some of these historians and psychiaters have studied still more limited phenomenons and in this field, we must say that the Schreber's case, as well as the education of D. G. Schreber, has been the most studied case. We think that these studies mostly carried up by psychiaters or psychologists, have left aside something essential: the part of D. G. Schreber in the German national revival. There has been an exaggeration of his part of pedagogue and above all an exaggeration of the causalities between all this, nazism and the 20th century. Therefore, what we are trying to do by studying the education of D. G. Schreber as well as the psychosis of D. P. Schreber is an attempt of clarification, an attempt that will take into account the period in which they lived. PMID- 6992687 TI - [Obituary speech in memory of Dr. Paul Abely, former Secretary General and former President of the Medico-Psychological Society]. PMID- 6992686 TI - [Negative hallucination, denial of reality and scotomization]. AB - In this paper, the authors intended to outline the history of three psychiatric and psycho-analytical concepts (negative hallucination, disavowal and scotomisation) and to analyse the psychic processes that they stand for. Historical study: Bernheim coined the expression negative hallucination in 1884. Freud used it from 1895 until 1917 when he discarded it. Freud put forward the concept of disavowal in 1914. In its wider meaning it is equivalent to negative hallucination. In its more specific meaning it designates the simultaneous acknowledgement and non-acknowledgement of a traumatic perception. Scotomisation, introduced by Pichon and Laforgue, is identical to negative hallucination. Freud and Laforgue had a long and polemical discussion about it. Psychological, metapsychological and psychopathological study: Only the concepts of negative hallucination and disavowal, in their more specific meaning, ought to be considered here. In their first phases, both processes are identical. The first phase is a "preliminary position", a conception of things, related to wishes and the pleasure principle. The second phase is marked by a stimulus which is unconsciously perceived as "unbearable". During the third phase, perception is suspended by various processes. It is with the fourth phase that the mechanisms differ. In the negative hallucination, the ego keeps the perception unconscious whereas in disavowal (in its specific meaning) it is split, one part acknowledges the perception, the other disavows it. The authors stress the importance of the negative hallucination and disavowal for psychopathology and psychoanalysis. PMID- 6992688 TI - [Current role of insulin therapy at moderate doses in psychiatry]. PMID- 6992689 TI - [Chlamydosporulation in "Candida albicans". Course of the morphogenesis; influence of light and sowing density (author's transl)]. AB - Candida albicans is cultivated on rice cream decoction with glucose for chlamydospore production. A developmental stage refered as readiness is recognized. At this stage, the pseudomycelial thalli are able to produce chlamydospore in water without further stimulus by the sporulation medium. The greater the inoculum, the earlier appears the readiness. During the growth phase up to the readiness, the light is inhibiting the chlamydosporulation and favorising the yeast development. After the readiness, light still inhibits chlalmydospore formation. PMID- 6992690 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of DNA. PMID- 6992691 TI - Molecular aspects of phototoxicity. PMID- 6992692 TI - Rejection and acute tubular necrosis in renal allografts: an angiographic, microangiographic and histologic comparison. PMID- 6992693 TI - Role of bone scanning in carcinoma of the breast. AB - This paper consists of a review of the current literature, as well as the authors' experience, concerning the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the breast with special reference to the role of radioisotopic bone scanning. Recommendations are made regarding the appropriate use of this technique at the time of initial diagnosis and over the course of subsequent management. PMID- 6992696 TI - My path to pharmacology. PMID- 6992694 TI - The molecular biology of mammalian hemoglobin synthesis. AB - The protein subunits of hemoglobin are made by the usual reactions of eukaryotic protein biosynthesis. Control of the rate, amount and kind of hemoglobin synthesis occurs at several levels. These include the transcription of globin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and the synthesis of other elements of the protein biosynthetic components. The translation of globin is restricted by mRNA abundance and possibly by mRNA structure, and by the availability and activity of the macromolecules required in protein synthesis. The process of red cell development provides a finite time during which the complement of hemoglobin can be synthesized. The events of red cell maturation include the enucleation of precursors, following which the biosynthetic components cannot be renewed, and the lability of the components imposes limitations on the duration of synthesis. The final result is mature erythrocytes which, in the healthy individual, are quite uniform and contain an average of 300 million hemoglobin molecules per cell with little excess of any of the hemoglobin moieties. PMID- 6992697 TI - Pharmacology of central serotonin neurons. AB - Drugs with improved potency and specificity are becoming available for the pharmacologic manipulation of serotonin neurons in brain. Both enhancement and impairment of serotoninergic function can now be achieved by drugs acting through different mechanisms. Drugs of this sort are not only valuable tools for exploring functional roles of serotonin neurons but they have real or potential value in the treatment of diseases like mental depression, obesity, myoclonus or other movement disorders, pain, hypertension, and endocrine dysfunction. PMID- 6992698 TI - The effect of food on drug bioavailability. AB - The recent literature concerning interactions between ingested food and orally administered drugs, and the resulting effects on the rate and extent of drug absorption, has been reviewed. As was observed previously (1, 2) food has been shown to have a variable effect on drug absorption, and the observed changes are not entirely predictable from a mechanistic viewpoint. While drug-food interactions are shown to give rise to a variety of effects, the majority of reported interactions give rise to either reduced or delayed drug profiles in the circulation. With some drugs such as nitrofurantoin, doxycycline, and lithium, the presence of food increases clinical efficacy by reducing the incidence of local GI side effects. While there appear to be no reports of increases or decreases in the actual therapeutic efficacy of drugs due to food, the frequency of food related changes in drug bioavailability, and the magnitude of some of the effects, suggests that observed changes in drug absorption are likely to have profound clinical consequences particularly with drugs that have low therapeutic indices, steep dose-response curves, or clearly defined therapeutic or toxic levels in the body. The review provides further evidence of the need for greater control in the relationship between drug administration and food ingestion. PMID- 6992695 TI - Recognition of preleukemia. AB - Preleukemia, which can only be diagnosed retrospectively with certainty, presents multiple findings and clinical data which contribute to a pattern recognition process. The development of cytogenetic and marrow culture studies has not only provided additional criteria for diagnosis but also better indices of prognosis. Preleukemia can be considered to be an early expression of neoplastic disease that merges into smoldering leukemia and progresses to acute leukemia. However, in the prospective evaluation of a patient, the term hemopoietic dysplasia should be used since there are no criteria to predict the outcome in an individual case. PMID- 6992699 TI - Antiviral mechanisms of action. PMID- 6992700 TI - Biology of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6992701 TI - Drug pharmacokinetics in cardiac and hepatic disease. PMID- 6992702 TI - Drug therapy in renal failure. PMID- 6992703 TI - Assessment of narcotic antagonists in the treatment of opioid dependence. PMID- 6992704 TI - Molecular properties and biological functions of microsomal epoxide hydrase. PMID- 6992705 TI - Biogenic amine-aldehyde condensation products: tetrahydroisoquinolines and tryptolines (beta-carbolines). PMID- 6992707 TI - Review of reviews. PMID- 6992706 TI - Stable isotopes in pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6992709 TI - [Interaction of antibacterial agents]. PMID- 6992708 TI - [Experimental study of a new method of endolymphatic antibiotic administration and a trial of its clinical use]. AB - A new procedure for antibiotic administration via endolymphatic route was developed. Experiments performed on 34 dogs revealed differences in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the central lymph after its administration in a dose of 4 mg/kg via endolymphatic and intramuscular routes: the maximum levels of 590 and 23 mg/kg were determined in 15 and 45 minutes respectively. In 1 hour the concentrations decreased to 17 and 10 mg/kg. When gentamicin was administered endolymphatically it remained in the lymph and blood in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg respectively for 24 hours. The kinetics of gentamicin in the blood serum within the first 6 hours after its administration by both routes did not differ significantly. After endolymphatic administration high concentrations of gentamicin (56-36 mg/g) were determined in the paraaortal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 10-24 hours. Within the period of the 4th to the 13th day its concentrations of at least 5 mg/g were detected. The changes in the structure of the lymph nodes observed 18-48 hours after the antibiotic endolymphatic administration were reversible and returned to normal by the 96th hour. The first experience with the clinical use of the endolymphatic route of gentamicin administration showed its high efficacy in 84.8% of the patients with severe purulent inflammatory diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The antibiotic was used in a dose of 80 mg once a day. The treatment course consisted of 5-6 infusions. Perspectives of the further experimental and clinical investigation of the procedure are indicated. Endolymphatic administration of antibiotics makes it possible to increase the efficacy of antibiotic therapy of a number of severe inflammatory infections. PMID- 6992710 TI - Mutational loss of sensitivity to mutacin GS-5 in Streptococcus pyogenes: characterization of a mutant deficient in receptor protein. AB - By means of a stepwise selection procedure, mutants capable of growing in the presence of relatively high multiplicities of a bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were obtained from a sensitivie strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. Mutacin-neutralizing activity of cell extracts containing receptor protein was examined in one variant that adsorbed 1/6 the amount of bacteriocin adsorbed by the parent strain under conditions equivalent to "saturation." Partially purified receptor protein from both parent and mutant cells neutralized an equivalent amount of bacteriocin on a weight-to-weight basis, indicating that in vitro there was no significant difference in affinity for the mutacin between the respective receptor fractions. Cell extracts from the mutant, solubilized by treatment with trichloroacetic acid, neither neutralized mutacin activity nor interfered with receptor protein-mediated mutacin neutralization in vitro. The mutant phenotype may thus represent a cell surface density of receptor protein which results in the adsorption of sublethal amounts of mutacin. The mutant retained its sensitivity to other mutacins, e.g., those produced by strains LM-7 and BHT of S. mutans, and did not differ from wild-type cells with respect to either detergent sensitivity (sodium lauryl sulfate and Triton X-100) or to inhibition by penicillin, rifampin, bacitracin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. PMID- 6992712 TI - Evaluation of a rapid method for the quantitative estimation of coliforms in meat by impedimetric procedures. AB - A 24-h instrumental procedure is described for the quantitative estimation of coliforms in ground meat. The method is simple and rapid, and it requires but a single sample dilution and four replicates. The data are recorded automatically and can be used to estimate coliforms in the range of 100 to 10,000 organisms per g. The procedure is an impedance detection time (IDT) method using a new medium, tested against 131 stock cultures, that markedly enhances the impedance response of gram-negative organisms, and it is selective for coliforms. Seventy samples of ground beef were analyzed for coliforms by the IDT method and the conventional three-dilution, two-step most-probable-number test tube procedure. Seventy-nine percent of the impedimetric estimates fell within the 95% confidence limits of the most-probable-number values. This corresponds to the criteria used to evaluate other coliform tests, with the added advantage of a single dilution and more rapid results. PMID- 6992711 TI - Prospective comparative study of efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin and amikacin. AB - Eighty patients were treated with either amikacin or netilmicin in a prospective randomized study of serious gram-negative bacillary infections, including 11 due to gentamicin-resistant pathogens. Thirty-six treated with netilmicin and 35 treated with amikacin were evaluable for efficacy or toxicity, or both. The overall groups differed significantly only in age. There were no significant differences in efficacy of the two drugs. There were no statistically significant differences at the 95% level between the netilmicin group and the amikacin group with respect to nephrotoxic reactions (38 versus 28%, respectively) or ototoxic reactions (9 versus 25%, respectively). Further comparative trials of netilmicin and other aminoglycosides appear warranted before it is widely used. PMID- 6992713 TI - New methods to assess bacterial injury in water. AB - Two methods are described for measurement of bacterial injury in water. Laboratory time preceding cell division measured with slide cultures and spheroplast formation after lysozyme treatment were accurate and rapid measurements of bacterial damage. PMID- 6992714 TI - Yeast opsonisation in children with chronic diarrhoeal states. AB - Four patients with defective yeast opsonisation and protracted diarrhoea are reported. Plasma infusions improved the opsonising function in all 4 and the diarrhoea in 3. This immunological abnormality was assessed in 100 sequential patients with chronic diarrhoea associated with various gastrointestinal disorders; 52 with protracted diarrhoea and failure to thrive of undetermined cause, 26 with 'toddler diarrhoea', 8 with coeliac disease, 5 with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and 9 with miscellaneous disorders. 23% of the patients with protracted diarrhoea of undetermined cause had defective opsonisation, a greater proportion (P less than 0.05) than that in 'toddler diarrhoea' or the remaining patients, in whom the frequency (4%) was similar to that (5%) in healthy populations. We suggest that yeast opsonisation be tested in children with protracted diarrhoea, as plasma infusions can be an effective form of treatment. PMID- 6992716 TI - [Pyeloplasty. Original technic. Results of 52 operations]. AB - The author presents a new pyeloplasty technique which does not require the use of a nephrostomy or modelling tubes. He shows the good, anatomical, functional and clinical results in patients in whose cases more than 10 years have elapsed since the operation. Of the 52 plasties carried out, with the technique put forward, there was only one bad result, 10 years after the operation. PMID- 6992715 TI - Efficacy of orally administered salbutamol and theophylline in pre-schoolchildren with asthma. AB - Oral administration of salbutamol and theophylline has been shown to be effective in relieving bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children aged between 3 and 5 years. Changes in respiratory function were monitored using a Wright's low range peak flow meter and a modification of the forced oscillation technique. A combination of both drugs in half doses was as effective as either alone. Nebulised salbutamol produced considerable further improvement in lung function. PMID- 6992717 TI - [Therapeutic effects of Quercus extract in urolithiasis]. AB - 97 patients suffering from urolithiasis were treated with Litiax. 82 of them presented ureteral stones and the other 15 kidney stones. The product was administered in doses of 1350 mg. a day. The treatment lasted between 8 and 225 days, the average duration being 58 days. It was revealed from the results obtained that the product tested has an inhibiting effect on the growth of the stone, antiinflammatory and diuretic. It also seems to inhibit the bacteria proliferation to a certain extent. The excellent tolerance of the product is stressed. PMID- 6992718 TI - Frequency of faecal Klebsiella aerogenes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls with respect to individual features of the disease. AB - A study of 59 patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis and 41 comparable hospital outpatients with fractures has been undertaken to determine if the presence of faecal Klebsiella aerogenes is related to clinical activity of the spinal disease and its extraspinal features. The frequencies of fecal K. aerogenes were similar in both patients and controls and were not significantly related to spinal disease activity. Careful inquiry about antibiotic treatment, dietary habits, and hospitalisation did not significantly influence the results. A significant association was found between the presence of faecal K. aerogenes and both acute non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (P less than 0.01) and peripheral synovitis in HLA B27 positive patients (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that K. aerogenes may have an aetiological role in the development of non-granulomatous anterior uveitis and peripheral arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis but do not lend support to this organism having such a role in the spinal disease itself. PMID- 6992719 TI - Immunocytological studies of lymph nodes in rheumatoid arthritis and malignant lymphoma. AB - Lymph nodes obtained from 9 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were stained by immunological techniques permitting identification of B and T cell areas within the nodes. The lymph nodes were also compared with those obtained from patients with lymphoma. The rheumatoid lymph nodes showed prominent B cell staining in the follicular centres by the EAC and fluoresceinated immunoglobulin techniques. Interfollicular areas were intensely stained with anti-theta globulin. In contrast, lymphoma nodes stained less intensely with fluoresceinated immunoglobulins but stained like benign nodes with EAC. The difference in staining may reflect the degree of disorganisation of the neoplastic follicle and/or the different sensitivity of these 2 methods in the detection of B cells. The differences in staining are helpful in distinguishing the benign changes associated with chronic inflammation from neoplastic B cell proliferative changes seen in lymph nodes. PMID- 6992720 TI - Search for viruses in rheumatoid macrophage-rich synovial cell populations. AB - The adherent cells remaining after short-term culture of synovial fluid and synovial membrane cells from rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid patients were examined for the presence of a productive virus infection and for various viral antigens. Labelling was carried out with 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the culture supernatant. Only in 1 case was there incorporation of 3H-uridine into material of density 1 . 21 g/cm3. Viral antigens were tested for by indirect immunofluorescence with antisera to rubella virus, the retroviruses RD-114 and simian sarcoma associated virus, early adenovirus type 2 antigens, late adenovirus type 2 antigens, SV-40 T antigen, and in 1 case measles virus. No cell showed immunofluorescence with any antiserum except the early adenovirus type 2 antiserum, which stained the cytoplasm of about half the synovial cell cultures, some from rheumatoid and some from non rheumatoid patients. PMID- 6992721 TI - Construction of interposition polytetrafluoroethylene ascending aorta-pulmonary artery shunt. AB - The technique for constructing an ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery interposition shunt using a short segment of polytetrafluoroethylene is described. This technique has been used in 8 neonates ranging from 1 day to 11 months old. There has been 1 shunt-related death. There have been no clotted grafts or graft kinking noted. A continuous running suture placed before the graft is lowered into position facilitates exposure and suture placement. A median sternotomy or sternal transection has not been necessary. PMID- 6992722 TI - Selective retrograde coronary venous perfusion. AB - The theoretical concept of delivering oxygenated blood to an ischemic myocardium by way of the coronary venous system antedated by many decades the present widespread utilization of coronary artery bypass grafting. Diffuse arterial atherosclerosis has limited the effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting in about 15% of patients seen with significant angina pectoris. Consequently, there has been renewed interest in selectively reversing the flow in certain coronary veins through coronary venous bypass grafts. This collective review details the physiology and anatomy of the coronary venous system. It then discusses the early attempts to globally retroperfuse the entire coronary venous system through the coronary sinus. Finally, the current experimental and clinical attempts to selectively retroperfuse just one region of the coronary venous system are presented and reviewed. PMID- 6992723 TI - Graft hemostasis. PMID- 6992724 TI - Continuous suture in valve replacement. PMID- 6992725 TI - Effects of cyanamide and clofibrate on the enzymes of ethanol oxydation and on ethanol consumption in the rat. AB - The action of cyanamide and of clofibrate was studied on the voluntary drinking behaviour of alcohol intoxicated animals and also on the enzymes of ethyl oxydation. Both substances reduce alcohol consumption by about 35% and cause metabolic modifications: inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and of catalase by cyanamide; activation of alcohol- and aldehyde-dehydrogenases by clofibrate. These effects are constantly found in most of the tissues of the rat. The results are discussed bearing in mind the relationships between alcohol metabolism, acetaldehyde metabolism, the toxicity of alcohol and the drinking behaviour. PMID- 6992726 TI - Human nocardiosis. A clinical review with selected case reports. AB - Nocardiosis is an illness caused by several species of the genus Nocardia. Although it is seen in immunocompromised hosts, infection frequently occurs in persons with no recognized predisposition. Infection may be localized to the skin, or it may involve the lungs, disseminating to virtually any organ. Pathogenesis is only beginning to be understood, but, at least in laboratory animals, there seems to be a host-parasite relationship that depends on inadequate clearing of the organism by processes of cell-mediated immunity. Clinical manifestation varies widely according to the sites involved. Diagnosis is principally by culture and may require an aggressive approach. Although sulfonamides remain the mainstay of therapy, preliminary data for other antimicrobial agents are promising. PMID- 6992727 TI - Relapse of Legionnaires' disease in a renal transplant recipient. AB - We describe a 44-year-old man who recently received a cadaveric renal transplant and had a relapse of Legionnaires' disease after an appropriate course of therapy. The relapse occurred within two weeks after completion of a three-week course of therapy with erythromycin stearate. A transbronchial biopsy specimen was positive for Legionella pneumophila by direct immunofluorescence, although the Dieterle silver impregnation stain was negative. The patient responded to a repeated course of erythromycin for an additional 21 days, and no further sequelae or relapses have been noted. The importance of early rapid diagnostic modalities in the immunocompromised patient is emphasized, and the need to consider the possibility of relapse after effective therapy is warranted. PMID- 6992728 TI - Intrarenal abscess. Report of 14 cases. AB - Six of 14 patients with renal abscess had prior history of urinary tract infection; initial symptoms included fever and flank pain in 12. A drip-infusion intravenous pyelogram was the most sensitive radiologic test, but selective renal arteriography was most specific. Urine cultures were positive in all 14 patients; blood cultures were positive in nine. Six patients were treated with antibiotics alone and eight required surgery. Of the eight, five had pus-filled cavities, one had multiple stones, one had a renal infarct, and one had a resolving abscess. Of six treated with antibiotics alone, one died of unrelated complications and five have demonstrated no pathological renal condition after three to six years. PMID- 6992730 TI - [The detection of Azotobacter and its significance in criminal technical soil examinations]. PMID- 6992729 TI - Extra-anatomic bypasses for aortoiliac occlusive disease. PMID- 6992731 TI - A possible role for acid phosphatase in gamma-amino-n-butyrate uptake in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Previously published work from another laboratory has shown that the mutation pacC-5 in the ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans leads to loss of an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity and is probably located in the structural gene for this enzyme. Here, we show that, pleiotropically, pacC-5 considerably reduces gamma-amino-n-butyrate transport levels as shown both by direct uptake measurements and two kinds of growth tests. A reduction in expression of the permease specified by the gabA gene is almost certainly responsible for the gamma amino-n-butyrate uptake defect in pacC-5 strains. pacC-5 does not reduce L proline uptake, mainly mediated by the prnB permease, or beta-alanine uptake. This work and our previously published results suggest that, although it does not uniquely reduce gamma-amino-n-butyrate uptake, pacC-5 is highly selective in its effects on transport processes. It is therefore probable that the acid phosphatase specified by the pacC gene plays some role in the synthesis, membrane integration or functioning of a particular class of permeases. A role for acid phosphatases in membrane processes casts an intriguing new light on the fact that these enzymes are periplasmic and extracellular in many micro-organisms including A. nidulans. PMID- 6992732 TI - Influence of growth environment on the phosphoenolpyruvate: glucose phosphotransferase activities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes: a comparative study. AB - A consistent difference was found between glucose-limited cultures of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes strains in the manner which their apparent cellular content of glucose:phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase (glucose-PTS) varied with growth rate. With the former strains, activity increased as a function of growth rate; in the latter it decreased. However, under glucose-sufficient conditions (potassium- or ammonia-limitation) both species behaved similarly; the glucose-PTS activity was lower and bore no obvious relationship to the rate of glucose consumption expressed by the growing culture. These results are discussed in relation to the role of glucose as a regulator of glucose-PTS synthesis, and to the likely contribution which the glucose-PTS makes to the overall rate of glucose uptake, particularly by cells gorwing in glucose-sufficient environments. PMID- 6992734 TI - [Post-traumatic myoclonic syndrome. Effectiveness of the thalamic lesions on the action myoclonus]. PMID- 6992733 TI - The effect of sulfite on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - After a short period of tolerance, living cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were irreversibly damaged by low concentrations of sulfite. The length of the period of tolerance and the rate of the damaging effect depended on the concentration on sulfite, pH-value, temperature, the physiological state of the cells, and incubation time. Inhibitors of protein synthesis and mitochondrial ATP synthesis did not alter the deleterious effect of sulfite on living cells. Furthermore, cell damage leading to inhibition of colony formation occured under aerobic as well as under anaerobic conditions. Prior to cell inactivation sulfite induced the formation of respiratory deficient cells. The active agent was shown to be SO2. PMID- 6992735 TI - Transfusion and renal allograft survival: beneficial effect of transfusions given on day of transplantation. AB - To determine if the beneficial effect of blood transfusion on renal allograft survival can be obtained without risk of presensitization, we examined the effect of transfusions given on the day of transplant surgery in a series of 180 primary cadaveric renal allografts. Three-month graft survival of those transfused only on the day of transplant was significantly better than the graft survival of those never transfused, and was not significantly different from graft survival of those transfused during the dialysis waiting period. Maximal beneficial effect was achieved by administration of as few as two to three units. We conclude that the benefits of transfusion can be obtained while minimizing the risks of presensitization if transfusion is minimized during the dialysis waiting period and patients are electively transfused at the time of transplant. PMID- 6992737 TI - Contaminated renal allografts. AB - Bacterial contamination of a renal allograft may cause infection of the transplant with eventual loss of the graft and possibly death of the patient. We report two cases that illustrate these complications and that support the suggestion that culture of the transport medium is a valuable investigation prior to transplantation. PMID- 6992736 TI - Varicella-zoster infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients. AB - Varicella-zoster infections developed in ten of 76 children receiving a renal transplant during 1973 to 1978. Two children had varicella and one died during this infection. Eight children had herpes zoster and one experienced encephalitis. In the latter group, reduction of prednisone and azathioprine therapy resulted in rejection and loss of the graft in two of three patients in whom this drug therapy was altered. PMID- 6992738 TI - Henri Hartmann and the Hartmann operation. PMID- 6992739 TI - 60 years of the Archives of Surgery. July 1920-July 1980. PMID- 6992741 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure. The use of low levels in adult patients with artificial airways. AB - Twelve adult surgical patients recovering from acute respiratory failure (ARF) had a catheter inserted for measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and cardiac output; and for calculation of arterial mixed venous oxygen content difference, physiologic shunt, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Measurements were made with 5 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), during spontaneous respiration at ambient airway pressure, and then again with 5 cm H2O CPAP. During breathing without CPAP, the total physiologic shunt increased, and the PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) ratio decreased significantly from control values. After CPAP therapy was again introduced, the physiologic shunt decreased and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased significantly. This improvement in oxygenation took place without any significant change in cardiovascular status. Thus, low levels of CPAP are helpful in maintaining the pulmonary status in intubated adult patients recovering from ARF. PMID- 6992740 TI - Decline in survival after liver transplantation. AB - Twenty-three recent cases of orthotopic liver transplantation were individually reviewed in an effort to determine why survival had declined from the 50% one year survival rate of an immediately precedent series. In the series of 23, only six (26%) achieved one-year survival. Faulty case selection, technical complications, the use of damaged organs, and complications of immunosuppression were the main causes of death. Attention was directed to the possible use of preoperative lymphoid depletion to improve the effectiveness and safety of immunosuppression. PMID- 6992742 TI - Cytogenetic effect of ortho-phenylenediamine in the mouse, Chinese hamster, and guinea pig and of derivatives, evaluated by the micronucleus test. AB - The mutagenic potential of ortho-phenylenediamine--known by studies on Salmonella typhimurium--was studied in mice, Chinese hamsters and Guinea pigs with the use of the micronucleus test. In bone marrow of all three species, chromosomal damage was detected following intraperitoneal injections of the test chemical, this damage was seen also after peroral administration to mice. Four derivatives of ortho-phenylenediamine containing one or two methyl-, nitro- or chlorosubstituents in 4- or 5-position of the aromatic ring were studied in mice. Of these the 4-methyl-derivative induced micronuclei, the 4-nitro-, 4,5-dimethyl , and 4,5-dichloroderivatives were inactive. The results indicate that the chemical nature and the number of substituents influence the chromosome damaging potential. PMID- 6992744 TI - Isolation of hepatocytes from newborn rats. AB - A method is described for the preparation of isolated hepatocytes from 5 day old rats, based on the procedure of Berry and Friend (1969). In contrast to the original procedure the liver of newborn rats was perfused in the reverse direction from the vena cava caudalis (pars thoracalis) to the vena portae. The cells obtained by the above method are morphologically intact as shown by electron micrographs and by phase contrast microscopy. About 85% of the isolated cells exclused trypan blue. Neonatal liver cell preparations were used for dose response studies with phallotoxins and further experimental applications in the field of phalloidin tolerance of newborns are described. PMID- 6992745 TI - Glycoproteins of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. AB - The glycopeptides and glycoproteins of two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) grown in two lepidopteran insect cell lines were studied using Sephadex elution chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No quantitative or qualitative differences were observed in the glycopeptide and glycoprotein patterns between the viruses grown in either cell line. However, both viruses synthesized a glycoprotein which was not observed in either insect cell line and may be virus-directed. PMID- 6992743 TI - Viability control and special properties of isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The need for quick viability tests is stressed. Aas these should achieve more than statically categorizing dead or non-dead cells, several procedures are suggested that picture the energetic state of the cells. The almost classical criterion of this category, namely stimulation of respiration by succinate, must be questioned on the basis of the present results. It is shown, that restricted respiration by succinate is not due to limited permeability of the plasma membrane, but to competition by endogenous substrates for uptake into mitochondria. Distribution equilibria for succinate appear to be according to (delta pH)2 with regard to cytoplasm. They are attained within 5-20 s or faster. Uptake is in part regulated by the surface charge density. Permeability changes caused by effectors of surface charge, such as amphiphilic ions, are examplified for succinate, chloride, phosphate, Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Such changes repeatedly also occur after pulses of BSP. They are counterregulated by the cell within a minute in a manner dependent on BSP concentration and the state of the cells. During the preincubation phase, that is the time of readaptation after transfer of cells from 0 degree C to higher temperature, a special labile state transiently occurs, where cyclic permeability changes for Ca2+, Na+, K+ can be caused by substrate addition, especially succinate, and/or ATP. The extent of these changes and their sequence again depend on the energetic state of the cells. In a probably narrow energetic window a sequence of cation movements reminding of that after depolarization of an excitable cell, is observed. Manipulation of the Na+/K+-ratio by variation of preincubation time and by ouabain shows that this is not simply the denominator for reversible calcium uptake. As the surface charge appears to reflect the energetic state, ANS fluorescence is applied to monitor the state of the plasma membrane, though difficulties arising from a slow ANS permeation are not yet solved. PMID- 6992746 TI - [Rudnev's journal (a half-forgotten chapter in the history of Russian histology)]. PMID- 6992747 TI - James R. Moore, M.D. an appreciation on his 90th birthday. PMID- 6992748 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 6992749 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLNS)--Kawasaki disease--a review. PMID- 6992750 TI - Intravenous angiography utilizing digital video subtraction. PMID- 6992751 TI - Use of immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of renal disease. PMID- 6992752 TI - The proatlantal intersegmental artery: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of the proatlantal intersegmental artery (PIA) arising from the external carotid artery (ECA) is presented. The PIA gave rise to the occipital artery, a finding which may support the hypothesis that the distal part of the occipital artery is derived from it. The possibility that the PIA of ECA origin might be a hypertrophied collateral occipital artery is also suggested. The importance of the anteropasterior view in differentiating the PIA of ECA origin from the first cervical intersegmental artery is stressed. PMID- 6992753 TI - Hematogenous infection of subdural hematoma. PMID- 6992755 TI - A first for Tasmania: bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6992754 TI - Indomethacin blocks acute audiologic effects of furosemide in Meniere's disease. AB - The acute audiologic effects of glycerin and furosemide were measured with and without indomethacin pretreatment in two patients. The positive effects of glycerin were not blocked by indomethacin. The positive effect of furosemide on discrimination score was blocked by indomethacin. The concomitant rise in plasma renin level after furosemide was also blocked by indomethacin. A role for prostaglandins in inner ear fluid dynamics is suggested by this study. It appears that glycerin and furosemide affect inner ear fluid dynamics by different mechanisms. PMID- 6992757 TI - Measurement of dynamic stereoacuity and global stereopsis. AB - Quantification of global stereopsis in addition to stereoacuity has been achieved by using dynamic random dot test patterns generated by inexpensive computer controlled integrated electronics. A pilot study revealed marked differences between the responses of a variety of clinically defective and normal subjects. PMID- 6992756 TI - Multiple operations for strabismus. AB - Some examples will be noted where the strabismus surgeon plans the patient to have more than one operation. Unfortunately most multistage strabismus procedures are unplanned and are a consequence of failure of the initial surgery. The three most common causes of such failure will be discussed. Brief mention will be made of the more important surgical techniques for rectus muscles that have had repeated operations. PMID- 6992758 TI - Strabismus: factors in anticipating its occurrence. PMID- 6992759 TI - Free insulin, C-peptide and glucagon profiles in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Glucose and hormone profiles, including plasma levels of glucagon, GH, total insulin, free immunoreactive and biologically active insulin were determined by hourly sampling in two groups of insulin dependent diabetics. The five patients in Group I were recently diagnosed and still had residual beta-cell function. The other six in Group II had disease of longer duration, had developed insulin antibodies, and were non-secretors of C-peptide. All patients were studied while receiving their usual maintenance doses of Semilente monocomponent insulin (Novo). Daily insulin requirements were 25.6 +/- 4 U in Group I and 52.2 +/- 7 U in Group II. The glucose profiles were similar in the periprandial periods but over the whole 24-hour period control was more unstable in the patients of Group II and during the period 2400-0200 h plasma glucose fell to low levels (minimum plasma glucose 1.5-3.0 mmol/l). Free insulin levels rose to peak levels over a similar time course but then fell more slowly in the Group II subjects. These patients had higher free, biologically active insulin and lower glucagon levels which were coincident in time with the early morning hypoglycaemia. These observations suggest that raised free insulin levels in the setting of an impaired counter-regulatory glucagon response are one of the factors contributing to glucose instability in long-standing diabetics. PMID- 6992762 TI - Chronic renal disease in childhood. PMID- 6992761 TI - Abdominoperineal levator ani repair for rectal prolapse: technique. AB - A review some twenty years ago of the then popular rectosigmoidectomy for complete rectal prolapse having shown an excessive recurrence rate and a high incidence of incontinence, it was felt essential to seek for a more satisfactory and reliable surgical procedure for its management. This was achieved in the form of an operation, carried out from above and below, approximating the levator ani anterior to the rectum. This has given very much more satisfactory results, and is described in detail in this paper. PMID- 6992760 TI - Why does migraine improve during a clinical trial? Further results from a trial of cervical manipulation for migraine. AB - It is generally accepted that migraine is sensitive to intervention, whether in a treatment situation or in a clinical trial, and a "placebo effect" is often suggested. The influence of a number of non-specific therapeutic ingredients was examined in a recent six-month trial of cervical manipulation for migraine, and results of a 20-month follow-up are reported. During the trial migraine attacks reduced significantly by 28%, and reduced a further 19% up to the follow-up period. The possibility of a trial effect, whereby improvement might stem from circumstances of the trial, was dismissed as an explanation for improvement. There was some evidence to suggest that placebo influences made a slight contribution to improvement, with sex, social class and subjects' optimism about the therapist at the initial treatment being weakly associated with initial improvement. The possibility that improvement levels reflected spontaneous improvement in migraine symptoms is suggested. If this possibility proves valid, clinical trials assessing migraine therapies should be designed so as to consider the natural course of migraine. Degree of improvement at follow-up could be predicted clearly from degree of improvement during the treatment phase and from degree of improvement at the end of the trial. This appears to be important to manipulative therapists who appear to practise without the benefit of valid predictors of response to therapy. PMID- 6992763 TI - Changes in the vaginal and rectal carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy. AB - The group B streptococcus carrier status of pregnant women appears to be relatively unstable. By using multiple low vaginal and rectal samples cultured on 2 or more media, an overall carrier rate of 38% was found in 187 women. Sequential samples commonly showed changes in the nature of the carrier status with time. More carriers were detected late in pregnancy; women giving negative results early in pregnancy often produced positive cultures later and there was a significant tendency towards rectal positivity. PMID- 6992764 TI - Chemoprophylaxis with tinidazole in major gynaecological surgery. AB - A double-blind trial involving 200 patients failed to show a statistically significant reduction in postoperative pelvic infection with tinidazole chemoprophylaxis. Preoperative and postoperative cervical or vaginal bacteriological swabs and full blood counts did not contribute to management. Drains to the vaginal vault were not associated with a reduction in this complication. The incidence of postoperative pelvic sepsis was also unrelated to the experience of the surgeon. PMID- 6992765 TI - Ca2+ control of actin-myosin interaction. AB - Some aspects of the Ca2+-regulation of actin-myosin interaction are discussed. Emphasis is placed on Ca2+-induced conformational changes in the Ca2+-binding subunit of troponin that leads to deinhibition of the actin-myosin interactions. PMID- 6992767 TI - Electrolyte and water balance in cardiac insufficiency. Recent clinical and experimental data. AB - The reasons for the disturbances of electrolyte and water balance in cardiac failure are not yet clarified. The decrease of cardiac output in cardiac insufficiency causes humoral regulatory mechanisms such as increased activity of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system and increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone. These mechanisms in turn lead to an enhancement of renal sodium and water reabsorption. The humoral disturbances can be interpreted as ineffective regulatory mechanisms for hemodynamic changes in cardiac insufficiency; in fact, the humoral disturbances increase cardiac failure. In addition, an increased sodium content of the arteries may contribute to the hemodynamic changes in cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 6992769 TI - [Cystic ovarian disease in cattle. III. Evaluation of different treatment methods]. PMID- 6992766 TI - Quantitative aspects of the calcium concept of excitation contraction coupling--a critical evaluation. PMID- 6992768 TI - Some aspects on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in cardiac tissue. AB - FFA are the main substrate of biological oxidation in cardiac muscle under normal conditions. But it could be shown in man and animal that during heavy exercise there is a shift to preferential oxidation of lactate. During oxygen deficiency in hypoxic or ischemic situations which may occur lightly in distinct areas of hypertrophic hearts after exercise, lactate, alpha-glycerol phosphate and acyl CoA as well as triglyceride levels in cardiac tissue may increase, whereas FFA are less oxidized. Unoxidized intracellular FFA and acyl-CoA, which are not esterified in a sufficient way to triglycerides, may impair oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, the P/O quotient as well as cardiac function perhaps by an interference with Ca++ movements during the contraction cycle. With the examples of anoxia and complete ischemia as the two extreme situations of O2 deficiency some principles of the alteration of cardiac metabolism are pointed out, and furthermore attempts to improve anoxic tolerance of cardiac tissue. PMID- 6992770 TI - Bioautographic visualization of dihydrofolate reductase in enzyme overproducing BHK mutants. AB - A bioautographic procedure has been developed for the visualization of the isozymes of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, E.C. 1.5.1.3). In addition to detecting electrophoretically separated enzymes, bioautography was utilized to visualize DHFR after isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Both zone electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were used to compare wildtype BHK cells to mutants which overproduce dihydrofolate reductase. In agreement with other physical data, the BHK-A5 overproduction mutant appears to produce more dihydrofolate reductase of the same electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point as wild type cells. PMID- 6992773 TI - Release of intracellular membrane-bound calcium precedes the onset of stimulus induced exocytosis in platelets. PMID- 6992772 TI - Hepatic metabolism of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the rabbit: formation of a potent novel inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6992774 TI - A membrane potential threshold for phage T4 DNA injection. PMID- 6992771 TI - Unoccupied nuclear oestradiol-receptor sites in normal human endometrium. AB - The existence of unoccupied nuclear oestradiol-receptor sites in normal human endometrium was investigated. Nuclei were prepared from endometrial samples obtained by curettage and exposed to [3H]oestradiol, which became maximmaly bound at 0 degrees C within 1 h. This result contrasted with the binding kinetics of oestradiol--receptor complexes, since the exchange of hormone took at least 3 h at 30 degrees C and no displacement occurred at 0 degrees C. Before concluding that the nuclear sites were unoccupied, the presence of endogenous low-affinity ligands was excluded, because the association rate of oestradiol was unchanged after nuclei were stripped from their putative ligands, and the displacement of oestrone bound to nuclear receptor by oestradiol was very slow at 0 degrees C. The available sites had high affinity for oestradiol (KD 1.3 nM) and binding specificity characteristics of oestradiol receptors. Similar results were observed with crude and purified nuclear preparations. It was concluded that a significant proportion of nuclear oestradiol receptors in normal human endometrium is unoccupied by endogenous hormones. PMID- 6992775 TI - The structure of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is probably not unique. PMID- 6992776 TI - Heat shock proteins and thermal resistance in yeast. PMID- 6992778 TI - Specific detection of human and rabbit glucagon mRNA using a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide. PMID- 6992777 TI - Tunicamycin inhibits the differentiation of ST 13 fibroblasts to adipocytes with suppression of the insulin binding activity. PMID- 6992779 TI - Evidence for a completely inactive renin zymogen in the kidney by affinity chromatographic isolation. PMID- 6992781 TI - Interaction of acetylcholine and beta-methylacetylcholine with aluminum oxide surface studied by inelastic electron tunneling spectrometry. PMID- 6992780 TI - Purification and subunit structure of mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast. PMID- 6992782 TI - Retention of enzymatic activity of bovine enterokinase after a limited reduction of disulfide bonds. PMID- 6992783 TI - Studies on the nature of the linkage between the terminal protein and the adenovirus DNA. PMID- 6992784 TI - Catabolism of neuropeptides by a brain proline endopeptidase. PMID- 6992785 TI - Metabolism of d-limonene by hepatic microsomes to non-mutagenic epoxides toward Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6992786 TI - Mutagenic potential of allyl and allylic compounds. Structure-activity relationship as determined by alkylating and direct in vitro mutagenic properties. PMID- 6992787 TI - Classification of amyloid: 1979--1980. PMID- 6992788 TI - [On the pharmacology of the beta-receptor blocker penbutolol (author's transl)]. AB - 1-tert.-Butylamino-3-(2-cyclopentylphenoxy)-propan-2-ol (penbutolol, Hoe 893d) is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent about 4 times more active than propranolol in vivo and in vitro. In comparison to propranolol it is characterized by a longer lasting activity. The antihypertensive effect of penbutolol in spontaneously hypertonic rats is more than 5 times stronger than that of propranolol. Penbutolol reduces basal plasma renin activity in the same dose range as does propranolol but is about 3 times stronger with respect to isoproterenol-induced increase of PRA. Penbutolol is 5 times more potent than propranolol inhibiting isoproterenol-stimulated phosphorylase activity in the isolated heart. In reserpine pretreated rats, penbutolol has a moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). Penbutolol shows less unspecific actions -- such as negative inotropy or calcium antagonism -- than propranolol. Characteristic parameters of lung function (compliance and resistance) are less affected by penbutolol than propranolol in spite of the fact that penbutolol has a stronger beta-adrenergic blocking effect. PMID- 6992790 TI - [The role of chemical synthesis of DNA in gene technology (author's transl)]. AB - A review of applications of chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides to gene technology is given. At first the reader is briefly introduced to the methods of oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis. With selected examples the utilization of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides is discussed in some detail for sequencing DNA and RNA, for the incorporation of base analogs and sequence specific mutations into nucleic acids of natural origin, for the isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences from biological sources, for the specific inhibition of virus reproduction, as linker molecules for gene cloning experiments and for the total synthesis of signal structures (regulatory sequences) and structural genes. The importance of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides for molecular biology and gene technology especially is emphasized. PMID- 6992791 TI - [Applied gene technology using biological N2-fixation for an example (author's transl)]. AB - About biological nitrogen fixation most information on the genetic and enzymatic level is known from investigations with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The gene region for N2-fixation (nif) was transferred from K.pneumoniae to the enterobacterium Escherichia coli. After acquisition of nif E.coli is able to fix nitrogen. Plasmid pRD1 was constructed which carries the nif-region. Using genetic engineering techniques the exact location of nif on pRD1 was determined. Subsequently the nif-region comprising 7 operons with 14 known genes was cloned on a multicopy plasmid vector. The use of the Klebsiella-nif-region in biotechnology is discussed. Difficulties arising in experiments designed to construct N2-fixing plants are mentioned. PMID- 6992789 TI - [Dr. Hans-Joachim Schumann on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 6992792 TI - [The problem of renal diseases in Puerto Rico and its treatment with dialysis and transplantation]. PMID- 6992795 TI - [Does ischemia increases the antigenicity of an organ?]. PMID- 6992796 TI - [Results of the program of renal transplantation in Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6992793 TI - Technical aspects of renal transplantation surgery of the recipient and urologic complications. PMID- 6992794 TI - [The kidney donor]. PMID- 6992797 TI - Radionuclide studies in the evaluation of renal transplants. PMID- 6992798 TI - [Calcium metabolism in the patient with transplantation: preliminary report]. PMID- 6992799 TI - Pneumocystic Carinii pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient: diagnosis by transbronchial biopsy: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6992800 TI - Pregnancy following renal transplantation. PMID- 6992801 TI - [Rehabilitation of a patient with a transplant]. PMID- 6992802 TI - New advances in the immunodiagnosis of parasitic infections. II. Counterelectrophoresis. PMID- 6992804 TI - The London's loss is Hong Kong's gain (Ronald William Fearnhead). PMID- 6992805 TI - The Royal Army Dental Corps. PMID- 6992803 TI - Partial denture technique. 7.--Sectional dentures. PMID- 6992807 TI - The prevention of dental caries. PMID- 6992806 TI - Centenary Issue: 1880-1980. PMID- 6992808 TI - Research into dental caries. PMID- 6992809 TI - A century of achievement in oral surgery. PMID- 6992811 TI - A century of British periodontology. PMID- 6992813 TI - More than a century of change. PMID- 6992810 TI - A hundred years of dental health education. PMID- 6992812 TI - Our dental centenarian (Ernest George Seear). PMID- 6992815 TI - A century of change in prosthetic dentistry. PMID- 6992814 TI - Conservative dentistry in the past century. PMID- 6992816 TI - The effect of firing shrinkage on the marginal fit of porcelain jacket crowns. PMID- 6992817 TI - The recall system. A necessary part of a partial denture service. PMID- 6992818 TI - Denturism in the United States of America. PMID- 6992820 TI - Alcoholism and drug addiction in the 'nineties: an American in London. PMID- 6992819 TI - Taking a look at 3,000-year-old teeth. PMID- 6992821 TI - Lung mucus production and mucociliary clearance: methods of assessment. PMID- 6992823 TI - Comparative trial of labetalol and acebutolol, alone or associated with dihydralazine, in treatment of essential hypertension. AB - 1 Labetalol, an alpha- and beta- adrenoceptor blocking drug, was compared with acebutolol, alone or associated with dihydralazine in forty patients with moderate essential hypertension. 2 Labetalol (400--800 mg daily) seemed to have a slightly higher potency than acebutolol alone (400--800 mg daily). 3 Labetalol (1200--1600 mg daily) had the same potency as the combination of acebutolol (400- 800 mg daily) and dihydralazine (50--100 mg daily). 4 Contrarily to acebutolol, the drop in blood pressure with labetalol was not correlated with initial plasma renin activity. 5 Labetalol side effects were minor and did not lead to drug withdrawal. PMID- 6992822 TI - Atenolol v placebo in mild hypertension: renal metabolic and stress antipressor effects. PMID- 6992825 TI - "A comparative trial of cephaloridine with Polybactrin, povidone-iodine and control for prophylaxis of wound infection in abdominal surgery". PMID- 6992826 TI - Asystole after verapamil and digoxin. PMID- 6992824 TI - Flurbiprofen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. AB - 1 In a double-blind crossover study, flurbiprofen produced marked relief of pain which was significantly more than with aspirin and placebo in patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhoea. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the relief of pain obtained with aspirin and placebo. 2 The clinician's overall assessment of efficacy also indicated that flurbiprofen produced better response as compared to aspirin and placebo in these patients with dysmenorrhoea. 3 Both flurbiprofen and aspirin did not produce any apparent adverse effects on blood loss during the menstrual period. 4 In conclusion, the analgesic effect of flurbiprofen seen in this trial establishes the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 6992827 TI - Immunotherapy alone vs no maintenance treatment in acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Forty-one adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia entered remission induced by daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside, and subsequently received 6 weeks' consolidation therapy with cyclophosphamide plus 6-thioguanine. They were then randomized to either immunotherapy consisting of intradermal BCG plus allogeneic cells or to "no maintenance". Patients receiving immunotherapy had significantly longer remission (P = 0.039) and survival from remission (P = 0.044) as assessed by the log-rank test. The median duration of first remission for 21 patients receiving immunotherapy was 35.14 weeks, compared with 19.71 weeks for 20 patients on no maintenance, and the median survival from remission was doubled in patients receiving immunotherapy. The value of adequate consolidation chemotherapy is confirmed by the comparatively long first remissions in both groups compared with our previous trials, whilst avoidance of maintenance chemotherapy possibly allowed frequent second remissions and similar post-relapse survival in patients from both treatment arms. PMID- 6992830 TI - A simple method for correlating observations on skin at the light and electron microscopic levels. AB - A method is described which allows the embedding of 6 mm cutaneous punch biopsies for subsequent light and electron microscopic examination. Sections of 20 mm2 cut at 0.5-I micrometer are stained for light microscopy. The subtle tinctorial affinities, which approach those achieved on haematological smears, and the preservation of cellular detail frequently make subsequent ultrastructural examination unnecessary. However, when required, a special technique for trimming and resectioning the tissue blocks allows a good correlation between light and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 6992828 TI - Broca's localization theory reconsidered. PMID- 6992829 TI - Detection of basement membrane zone antigens and C3 fragments in the blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid. AB - In polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis, serum and blister fluid of patients with bullous pemphigoid showed a nearly identical protein distribution pattern except for one more concentrated fraction in the blister fluid. This fraction could be isolated by several gel chromatographic steps and then be characterized as a protein with a molecular weight of 240,000 (BFP 240,000) consisting of several subunits. Two of these subunits could be identified as C3 fragments and two other ones as basement membrane zone antigens (BMZ-Ag) by means of a modified Laurell technique. The molecular weight of the BFP 240,000 may be small enough to allow it to penetrate through the vessel wall into the blood circulation where, with the BMZ-antibodies (BMZ-Ag-BMZ-Ab-complexes can be formed. The occurrence of such immune complexes in the serum has been shown in a previous paper. PMID- 6992832 TI - Studies on fibronectin in the skin. IV. Indirect immunofluorescence studies in lupus erythematosus. AB - Fibronectin is an important constituent of normal human skin, mediating cell/cell and cell/fibre interactions. In affected skin in discoid and systemic LE, changes in the distribution of fibronectin in the dermo-epidermal junction and in the papillary dermis are observed with homogenization and degenerative changes, IF negative gaps and slit formation in the dermo-epidermal region, together with IF positive globular bodies and transport of fibronectin into the epidermis. Unaffected skin in LE demonstrates the pattern of fibronectin as found in normal human skin. PMID- 6992831 TI - Erythema multiforme: demonstration of immune complexes in the sera and skin lesions. AB - In twenty patients with erythema multiforme we investigated circulating immune complexes and their deposition in the skin lesions. CIq-binding activity was elevated in ten of twenty patients, and the platelet aggregation titre was high in three of twelve tested sera. Decreased levels of C3 were seen in two and of C4 in one out of eighteen patients. Direct immunofluorescence showed a deposition of C3, IgM or IgG in the blood vessel walls of the upper dermis in four of twelve patients. These findings may suggest that transient production of circulating immune complexes and their deposition play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6992833 TI - Systemic treatment of psoriasis with an oral retinoic acid derivative (Ro 10 9359). AB - Ninety-seven patients with severe psoriasis took part in a 1-year study to evaluate the effect of a new oral synthetic retinoid (Ro 10-9359). The trial was performed in a double-blind cross-over fashion. The treatment started with either 100 mg daily of Ro10-9359 or placebo and the maintenance dose was in most cases 50 mg. Follow-up examinations were performed monthly and the parameters erythema, desquamation, infiltration and extent of the lesions were followed. Throughout the study there was a significant to highly significant preference for Ro 10-9359 shown by all parameters. More patients were in complete remission after Ro 10 9359 periods than after placebo periods. The side-effects of Ro 10-9359 on uninvolved skin and mucous membranes seemed to be largely dose-dependent. Twenty three patients interrupted the study, four of them because of side-effects, mainly alopecia. Laboratory examinations revealed no aberrations which could be attributed to the therapy. One patient developed hepatitis during a placebo period. PMID- 6992835 TI - Treatment of chronic urticaria. PMID- 6992836 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Immunofluorescence, electron microscopic and immunoelectron microscopic studies in four patients. AB - Four patients with the clinical picture of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita were investigated. Biopsies were taken from the involved and uninvolved areas of the skin and the immunohistochemical and microscopic changes were studied. Direct immunofluorescence showed deposition of IgG and C3/4 in a linear or norched pattern along the epidermal basement membrane in both the involved and the uninvolved skin. In addition IgA (3/4), IgM (1/4), C4 (3/4) and properdin (3/4) could be detected. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the presence of circulating antibodies against inter alia the epithelial basement membrane zone in one patient. Routine electron microscopy showed that the blister was situated in the dermis leaving the basal lamina in the roof of the blister. With immunoelectron microscopy using peroxidase-labelled antibody the in vivo deposition of IgG was observed just beneath the basal lamina in the dermis of both the perilesional and the uninvolved skin. These observations show that epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a distinct entity, in which autoimmune mechanisms might possibly play a role. PMID- 6992834 TI - Combined treatment of psoriasis with a new aromatic retinoid (Tigason) in low dosage orally and triamcinolone acetonide cream topically: a double-blind trial. AB - In a multicentre double-blind trial the effect of three therapy regimens was studied for 6 weeks in ninety psoriasis patients: (1) aromatic retinoid (Ro 10 9359) orally (0.50-0.66 mg/kg body weight) and placebo cream topically; (2) aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) (same dosage) with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide and 5% salicylic acid in lanette wax cream; (3) placebo capsules with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide and 5% salicylic acid in lanette wax cream. Regimen 1 had virtually no effect and regimen 2 gave better results than regimen 3 for almost all parameters, although statistical significance was reached for only some of them. The 6 week double-blind period was followed by an open study in which all patients were treated according to regimen 2. The clinical result could be maintained up to the end of the study (18 weeks), when more than 60% of the patients showed good to excellant (80-100%) improvement. Most of the side-effects of retinoid were mild and relatively rare. It is concluded that the combination of the aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) given in low dosage orally with corticosteroids topically is as effective as therapy with the retinoid in high dosage alone, but with markedly less side-effects. PMID- 6992837 TI - Desquamative gingivitis: a form of cicatricial pemphigoid? AB - Desquamative gingivitis, a sub-epithelial vesiculo-bullous disease involving the gingiva, has been shown to have positive direct immunofluorescent findings similar to those of cicatricial pemphigoid. However, the lack of severe scarring, limitation of lesions to the anterior portion of the mouth and the tendency toward limitation of lesions to the oral mucosa over long periods of time in desquamative gingivitis, suggest that desquamative gingivitis and cicatricial pemphigoid are distinct and separate entities. PMID- 6992838 TI - Acute and chronic graft-vs-host reaction in skin: report of two cases. AB - The cutaneous changes of the acute form of graft-vs-host reaction are described in two patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation for treatment of severe aplastic anaemia. One patient went on to develop a chronic reaction of the lichenoid type. Histopathology confirmed the presence of 'satellite cell necrosis' from the acute stage of the disease onwards. Direct immunofluorescence showed deposits of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM), fibrinogen and complement on the necrotic keratinocytes, whilst the basement membrane was positive for C3. These findings suggest that humoral immunity as well as cellular immunity may play a part in the production of the rash. PMID- 6992839 TI - Dystrophia bullosa hereditaria, typus maculatus (Mendes da Costa-van der Valk): a rare genodermatosis [proceedings]. PMID- 6992840 TI - Acute ulcerative contact dermatitis from Portland cement. PMID- 6992841 TI - Dr Alice Carleton. PMID- 6992842 TI - Serum proteins in human squamous epithelium. AB - A new immunoperoxidase staining technique of high specificity (the labelled antigen method) has been used for the detection of serum proteins in the epithelium of human skin and mucous membranes. The majority of specimens contain cells showing strong diffuse intracellular staining. These cells usually lie in the upper mid-zone of the epithelium and are often characterized by vacuolated or pyknotic nuclei. Double immunoenzymatic labelling (using alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase) showed that the different proteins are usually present in the same cells. A less frequent pattern of staining took the form of delicate strands of intercellular IgG. Samples from a wide range of skin diseases were studied, but no clear relationship between positive epithelial staining and disease states was apparent. It is suggested that serum proteins may enter epithelial cells by passive diffusion, and attention is drawn to other instances (e.g. in the central nervous system and lymphoid tissue) where similar phenomena have been observed by immunoenzymatic staining techniques. PMID- 6992843 TI - South American pemphigus foliaceus: electron microscopy and immunoelectron localization of bound immunoglobulin in the skin and oral mucosa. AB - Five skin and two oral biopsies from patients with South American pemphigus foliaceus (SAPF) were studied by electron and immunoelectron microscopy for the ultrastructural localization of bound immunoglobulin in epidermal and oral lesions. Electron microscopy showed the tonofilament-desmosome complex to be preserved in the various layers of the epidermis. Immunoglobulin was bound over the plasma membrane and permeated the desmosomal junctions both in the skin and oral mucosa, thus suggesting that pemphigus antibodies are attached to the glycocalyx. It appears that the initial injury in SAPF acantholysis involves the glycocalyx and that it might be caused by interaction with intercellular antibodies present in the patient's serum. PMID- 6992844 TI - Treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis with halcinonide cream applied once and three times daily. AB - In a double-blind multi-centre study, comprising ninety-five patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, 0.1% halcinonide cream applied once daily was equally as effective as the cream applied three times daily. However, the onset of action was more rapid when the cream was applied three times daily. In a control study once daily application of 0.1% halcinonide cream was found to be superior to the vehicle alone in the treatment of forty patients with the same diseases. PMID- 6992845 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus coexisting with oral lichen planus. AB - Two women, aged 72 and 61 years, had mucocutaneous manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris, and one 76-year-old man had pemphigus foliaceus coexisting with oral lichen planus. Clinical and histopathological findings as well as direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies established the diagnosis. PMID- 6992846 TI - Immunohistology and autoantibody studies in alopecia areata. PMID- 6992848 TI - Acute polyhydramnios--a complication of monozygous twin pregnancy. PMID- 6992847 TI - Prostacyclin formation by the pregnant human myometrium. AB - Human myometrium taken between 15 and 42 weeks of pregnancy released a material in vitro which possessed anti-aggregatory activity. This material parallelled authentic prostacyclin in this action; it possessed a similar stability at alkaline pH and generation of activity was inhibited by indomethacin. Production of the prostacyclin-like material by the myometrium was similar at weeks 15 and 38 of pregnancy but a 4-fold increase in synthesis had occurred by 40 weeks. It is suggested this increase may be important for parturition. PMID- 6992849 TI - Acute polyhydramnios--a complication of monozygous twin pregnancy. PMID- 6992850 TI - Sensitivity of a double-blind trial of ritodrine and placebo in twin pregnancy. AB - A critical examination is made of the results of a recently reported double blind trial comparing ritodrine and placebo. It is shown that interval estimates are more informative than p-values obtained from significance tests and that the trial involving 49 patients was insensitive to differences which could be clinically important. Contrary to the conclusions presented, the data suggest that further evaluation of the effects of ritodrine in twin pregnancies is necessary to clarify the situation. PMID- 6992852 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on the survival of corneal grafts in rabbits. AB - Cyclosporin A given to rabbits intramuscularly in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for up to 28 days after corneal transfer results in a marked prolongation in the survival of penetrating corneal grafts compared to that in an untreated control group. Cyclosporin A 1% drops did not prolong survival of the corneal graft, but this may be related to the need for skin transfer 14 days after corneal transfer to ensure rejection, and supports the idea that the drug plays an immunosuppressive role at the time and place of sensitisation. PMID- 6992853 TI - Petrus Johannes Waardenburg, MD. PMID- 6992851 TI - Morphology of haemostasis in menstrual endometrium. AB - Light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to study the endometrium from nine uteri removed during the first 72 hours of normal menstruation. During premenstrual spotting, stromal disintegration and vessel lesions without any haemostatic reaction were seen. Up to 20 hours after the onset of menstrual bleeding, blood extravasation was prominent in the functional endometrium. The vessels in this layer were partly or totally sealed by intravascular thrombi functioning as haemostatic plugs. The thrombi contained various amounts of platelets and fibrin and were shed with the tissue. New plugs formed up-stream in the same vessels. Twenty hours after the onset of menstruation, most of the functional endometrium had been desquamated. From 20 to 72 hours after the start of menstrual bleeding no or few thrombi were seen. Haemostasis may then be caused by adherence of vessel lips. PMID- 6992855 TI - Comparative sensitivity of fluorescent antibody staining of conjunctival scrapings and irradiated McCoy cell culture for the diagnosis of hyperendemic trachoma. AB - The sensitivity of an indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique for detecting chlamydial inclusions in scrapings from the whole conjunctiva (upper tarsus, upper fornix, and lower lid) was compared with the sensitivity of culture in irradiated McCoy cells for the diagnosis of hyperendemic trachoma. In a group of 211 patients with various grades of active trachoma from the Bandar Abbas area of Southern Iran 42 patients were positive for chlamydiae by either method. There was little difference between the rates of positivity of FA staining of the scrapings from the whole conjunctiva (28 positives) and culture in irradiated McCoy cells (32 positives). In the patients included in this study chlamydial inclusions were detected in 15 eyes by examination of FA stained scrapings taken from the upper tarsal conjunctiva, whereas inclusions were detected in 40 eyes by the additional examination of scrapings taken from the upper fornix and lower lid (P less than 0.001). The examination of FA stained scrapings taken from the whole conjunctiva and spread as a single but larger smear may provide a satisfactory alternative to cell culture methods for the diagnosis of trachoma, particularly for field studies when cell culture facilities are not available. PMID- 6992857 TI - A modified technique for correction of trachomatous cicatricial entropion. AB - Cicatricial entropion resulting from trachoma occurs in various grades of severity. No one technique of surgical correction is suitable for all types. The technique has to be modified in accordance with the severity of the condition. A modified technique using skin graft is described, and excellent results (93.8%) in 380 lid corrections with minimal recurrences during a follow-up period of over 2 years are presented. PMID- 6992856 TI - Family-based suppressive intermittent therapy of hyperendemic trachoma with topical oxytetracycline or oral doxycycline. AB - A controlled double-blind stratified trial was carried out in a village in Southern Iran to assess the efficacy of family-based intermittent therapy of hyperendemic trachoma with topical oxytetracycline oily suspension twice daily for 7 days each month, or oral doxycycline 5 mg per kilogram of body weight once a month, in comparison with a control group which received vitamin pills once a month. In addition all other members of the selected children's families were also treated with the same regimen of therapy. The treatment was given for a period of 1 year by 3 field technicians, each responsible for one regimen of therapy. Examining the whole conjunctiva 4 months after the start of therapy, we observed no marked difference in the cure rate or the number of patients with moderate to severe trachoma between the groups treated with antibiotics and the control group. When treatment was continued for 12 months, a marked decrease in the prevalence of trachoma and in the grades of intensity of inflammatory responses as well as the positivity rate for Chlamydia trachomatis was observed in the groups treated with the topical oxytetracycline or oral doxycycline compared with the control group. While there was no marked difference between the efficacy of these 2 regimens of mass chemotherapy, the monthly intermittent therapy with a single dose of doxycycline offers the advantage of being more practical and less expensive for mass control of trachoma by requiring approximately one-tenth of the staff, transport, and other facilities required for the intermittent topical therapy with tetracycline eye ointment. PMID- 6992858 TI - Epithelial cyst of the iris following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - In a 35-year-old patient with keratoconus a cyst of the iris was first observed 22 months after routine penetrating keratoplasty. The lesion was completely excised and shown by light and transmission electron microscopy to be composed of conjunctival epithelium organised as a single large cyst containing serous material and occasional free epithelial cells. The management of epithelial implantation cysts is discussed. When indicated, complete surgical excision without ruputure is preferred to avoid possible intraocular dissemination of viable epithelial cells that might result in further complications. PMID- 6992859 TI - Chicken reticulocyte nuclear antigen: its identification and relation to transcriptive activity in erythropoietic cells. AB - Antibodies to chicken reticulocyte dehistonized chromatin were produced. These antibodies can distinguish between chromatin from reticulocytes and erythrocytes and have no activity with chicken liver chromatin. The antibodies will also differentiate between reticulocytes and erythrocytes by the the horseradish peroxidase bridge localization technique. The nonhistone protein components of the antigenic complex are very tightly bound to the DNA, removable by extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate but not 2.5 M NaCl-5 M urea. Our data indicate that the antigen complexes could actually be present in both reticulocytes and erythrocytes but that chromatin condensation causes a structural masking of the complexes which coincides with the known decline in transcriptive activity of the erythrocyte. PMID- 6992860 TI - Characterization of ribonucleic acid polymerase-T7 promoter binary complexes. AB - Several experimental approaches have been employed to independently determine rates of dissociation for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage A1, A2, A3, and D promoters. Heparin challenge measurements employing abortive initiation turnover rates as an index of promoter occupancy were carried out over a range of heparin concentrations in order to separate intrinsic dissociation rates from dissociation due to direct heparin attack of the polymerase-promoter complex. Dissociation rates were found to vary widely even among major promoters considered to have equivalent strength in vivo. Direct heparin attack was found to occur slowly with respect to intrinsic dissociation of polymerase from most promoters. Results were verified by gel analysis of full length transcripts after heparin challenge and by measuring abortive initiation rates after poly[d(A-T)] . poly[d(A-T)] challenge. In the latter case, it was discovered that the equilibrium distribution of polymerase between a promoter and poly[d(A-T)] . poly[d(A-T)] could be measured. PMID- 6992861 TI - Glucose 6-phosphate transport in membrane vesicles isolated from Escherichia coli: effect of imposed electrical potential and pH gradient. AB - Imposition of a membrane potential (delta psi, interior negative) or a pH gradient (delta pH, interior alkaline) across the membrane of Escherichia coli DF2000 leads to a marked, transient increase in glucose 6-phosphate transport that varies systematically with pH. Outwardly directed potassium diffusion gradients in the presence of valinomycin (i.e., generation of delta psi, interior negative) drive glucose 6-phosphate transport at pH 7.5 but much less effectively at pH 5.5, although the magnitudes of the transient delta psi generated are comparable at both pH values. Similarly, imposition of delta psi (interior negative) retards the rate of passive, carrier-mediated glucose 6-phosphate efflux down a concentration gradient at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.5. In contrast, imposition of delta pH (interior alkaline) by means of outwardly directed acetate diffusion gradients drives glucose 6-phosphate accumulation at pH 5.5 but is relatively ineffective at pH 7.5. The results are independent of the pK of glucose 6-phosphate and provide strong support for the argument that the glucose 6-phosphate porter catalyzes an electrically neutral reaction at acid pH and an electrogenic reaction at alkaline pH. In addition, they are entirely consistent with the hypothesis that the proton/glucose 6-phosphate stoichiometry increases at alkaline pH [Rottenberg, H. (1976) FEBS Lett. 66, 159; Ramos, S., & Kaback, H.R. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 854, 4271]. PMID- 6992862 TI - Effect of single amino acid substitutions on the thermal stability of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase. PMID- 6992863 TI - Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase binding to the deoxyribonucleic acid of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: properties of the complexes and distribution of stable binding sites. AB - We describe the properties of the complexes that form between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and Paracentrotus lividus DNA: dissociation kinetics, temperature dependence of the complex formation, resistance to heparin, and range of RNA polymerase-DNA weight/weight ratios that give rise to the stable binding events. The amount and distribution of the sites that form stable binding [class A sites as defined by Hinkle & Chamberlin [Hinkle, D., & Chamberlin, M. J. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 70, 157]] with E. coli RNA polymerase were determined by the analysis of the dissociation of complexes formed by the enzyme on DNA fragments of various length. The P. lividus appears to form 3.1 X 10(5) stable (t1/2 greater than or equal to 15 min) complexes per haploid genome; the great majority of these complexes shows a short-range distribution (1000-2000 base pairs). The observed attributes of the stable binding sites of P. lividus DNA for E. coli RNA polymerase (amount, distribution, and quantitative ability to start in vitro RNA chains) point to the conclusion that E. coli and sea urchin DNA are nearly indistinguishable by the criteria adopted. The behavior of the sea urchin stable binding sites for the E. coli enzyme is not consistent with the expected behavior of the in vivo promoters. PMID- 6992864 TI - Kinetics of anticooperative binding of phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe and tRNAPhe to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10. AB - The kinetics of binding of Phe-tRNAPhe to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase were investigated by stopped-flow techniques employing 2-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-6 sulfonate as a reporter group. The kinetics were found to follow the concentration of Phe-tRNAPhe in terms of a saturation function. When added, tRNAPhe inhibited both the kinetics of association and the kinetics of dissociation. The kinetics of Phe-tRNAPhe binding have been analyzed to be a superposition of two reactions, the association to the phenylalanine-specific binding site and the association to the tRNA-specific binding site of the enzyme. The two modes are mutually exclusive. When tRNAPhe is added, the binding of Phe tRNAPhe at the tRNA-specific site is suppressed by competitive inhibition. In binding to the tRNA-specific site, the unacylated tRNA affects the rates of association and dissociation of Phe-tRNAPhe binding at the Phe-specific site in terms of an antagonistic mechanism. The values of both rate constants are decreased depending on the degree of saturation of the enzyme with the unacylated tRNA before and after the association of Phe-tRNAPhe. A model is presented, and kinetic and equilibrium constants are determined. PMID- 6992865 TI - Overproduction, purification, and subunit structure of Escherichia coli glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. PMID- 6992866 TI - Effects of sodium and lithium ions on the potassium ion transport systems of Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of the cations choline, Li+, and the Na+ on the TrkA and Kdp K+ transport systems in Escherichia coli were studied by observing the accumulation of 204Tl+ and K+. Tl+ uptake via the TrkA system was stimulated by Na+ but not Li+ when compared to choline. A similar effect was observed for K+ transport via the TrkA system. On the other hand, Tl+ uptake via the Kdp system was stimulated more by Li+ than by Na+ when compared to choline. In addition, Li+ enhanced the effectiveness of Rb+ as an inhibitor of Tl+ uptake via the Kdp system. Na+, however, was a more effective stimulator of K+ transport via the Kdp system than Li+. We suggest that Na+ may be involved in the mechanisms of K+ transport via the TrkA and Kdp systems in E. coli. PMID- 6992867 TI - P-700 content and polypeptide profile of chlorophyll-protein complexes of spinach and barley thylakoids. AB - Of the six chlorophyll-protein complexes of spinach and barley resolved by mild gel electrophoresis, two were chlorophyll a-protein complexes of PS I, namely CP1a and CP1, which accounted for up to 30% of the total chlorophyll. Both of these complexes had one P-700 per 120 chlorophyll a molecules. Since spinach and barley thylakoids have some 400 chlorophyll molecules per P-700, these complexes may not have lost any of the chlorophyll associated with them in vivo. This may account for CP1a and CP1 having the characteristic low-temperature fluorescence normally associated with PS I in vivo, which is not found in complexes with low chlorophyll/P-700 ratios. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that all of the chlorophyll a and P-700 of CP1 was bound to 70 kilodalton polypeptides. The PS I reaction centre complex of lowest mobility, CP1a, contained CP1 and four additional low molecular weight polypeptides. The three light-harvesting complexes resolved had major 25 and 23 kilodalton polypeptides. The presumed reaction centre complex of PS II contained major 50 and 47 kilodalton polypeptides. PMID- 6992868 TI - Evidence for phase separation in the membrane of an osmotically stabilized fatty acid auxotroph of E. coli and its biological significance. AB - 1. An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli accumulated a high content of saturated fatty acids in its membrane when it was cultured under osmotically stabilized conditions. The physicochemical properties of the phospholipid extracts and of the membrane fraction from the cells were investigated by means of proton magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. 2. Physicochemical studies indicate that the phospholipid bilayers in the membranes exhibit at least two phase transitions, a minor one at approx. 19 degrees C and a major one at approx. 43 degrees C. Between the two temperatures, gel and liquid crystalline domains co-exist. Moreover, even in the gel state, phospholipids seem to segregated into domains containing different proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. 3. The Arrhenius plot of beta-galactoside transport rates is biphasic. The inflection point is at 22 degrees C. This means that the appearance of the fluid region in the bilayer at approx. 19 degrees C is important in the activation of membrane transport. PMID- 6992869 TI - Correlation between temperature range of growth and structural transitions in membranes and lipids of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Purified cytoplasmic and outer membranes isolated from cells of wild-type Escherichia coli grown at different temperatures were labelled with 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene and analyzed using fluorescence polarization techniques. Lipids extracted from the membranes were similarly analyzed using fluorescence polarization. The thermotropic structural transition in outer membranes changed as a function of growth temperature. The structural transition in cytoplasmic membranes and lipids extracted from either cytoplasmic or outer membranes did not change with growth temperature. These data suggest that adaptive changes which occur in the outer membrane determine the temperature range of growth of E. coli. These changes apparently require alterations in outer membrane components other than phospholipids. PMID- 6992870 TI - Bacterial cell surface amphiphiles. PMID- 6992871 TI - A biochemical dissection of the functional polarity of the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte. PMID- 6992872 TI - Membrane lipids of mycoplasmas. PMID- 6992873 TI - Initiation of protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria and chloroplasts. AB - N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate, a competitive inhibitor of the formylation of the initiator Met-tRNAfMet in an in vitro assay, is a powerful inhibitor of amino acid incorporation in isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria and in Euglena gracilis chloroplasts. Thus, a large part of the incorporation is dependent upon new initiation acts. On the contrary, the rate of incorporation can be largely increased by addition of the specific formyl group donor, N10 formyltetrahydrofolate. Experiments are also reported strongly suggesting that the formylation of Met-tRNAfMet is an absolute requirement in order to initiate protein synthesis in chloroplasts, as has been shown in mitochondria. PMID- 6992874 TI - [Modification of tyrosine residues in the protein inhibitor of potato proteinases]. AB - Treatment of a native protein inhibitor of proteinases by tetranitromethane results inmodification of 3 (out of 8) tyrosine residues in each of the two subunits within the inhibitor molecule. Nitration of surface tyrosines does not change the corformation of the protein and has no effect on its ability to inhibit chymotrypsin. At the same time the tetranitromethane-treated inhibitor possesses a decreased activity with respect to trypsin. In the presence of 0,5 M DS-Na practically all tyrosine residues of the protein are nitrated. PMID- 6992875 TI - [Mitochondrial proteinase of yeast splitting the products of mitochondrial translation]. AB - It has been shown that mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain proteinase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the hydrolysis of mitochondrial translation products in vitro. The efficiency of proteolysis depends on the state of mitochondria: e.g. the degradation of completely formed organelles corresponding to stationary cells, is twice as low as compared to the "young" organelles typical for the beginning of a logarithmic phase of growth. The proteolysis of mitochondrial translation products can occur not only in mitochondria, but also in "inside out" submitochondrial particles. In order to prove the absence of concomitant vacuolar proteinases in preparations of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles, the specific antisera against proteinases A and B have been used. The activity of mitochondrial proteinase is completely inhibited by the natural peptide inhibitors antipain and chymostatin. Of special importance is the fact that another natural peptide inhibitor- leupeptin, having no effect on the activities of vacuolar proteinases, significantly decreases the rate of hydrolysis of mitochondrial translation products. The role of yeast mitochondrial proteinase in regulation of mitochondrial formation is discussed. PMID- 6992877 TI - Treatment of brain giomas with high dose of CCNU and autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - Seven patients with recurrent brain gliomas were treated by a single dose of CCNU 390 mg per m2. In five cases, chemotherapy was followed by autologous bone marrow transfusion containing 1.5 to 3 X 10(8) nucleated cells, 2.8 to 18 X 10(4) clusters plus colonies and 0.4 to 5 X 10(4) colonies forming cells per kg of body weight. Two patients were not grafted. None of these patients showed a clear cut response to the treatment as judged by clinical improvement and changes of the brain CT-scan. In 3 patients blood toxicity occurred early and was severe. In 4 others, it was milder and delayed. The duration and the severity of blood toxicity were modified by bone marrow transfusion but only slightly. PMID- 6992876 TI - [Proteolysis as an approach to the study of protein distribution in the membrane of Micrococcus lysodeikticus]. AB - Treatment of M. lysodeikticus protoplasts with subtilisin or pronase did not affect their permeability and led to a digestion of 20--30% of protein. DS-Na electrophoresis of protoplast membranes resulted in disappearance of three protein bands. This suggests that the outer surface of M. lysodeikticus protoplasts contains three proteins other than respiratory chain enzymes, which are subjected to an attack by proteinases. Treatment of the M. lysodeikticus membranes, isolated by osmotic shock, with proteinases resulted in a digestion of 20--50% of protein. The factors preventing the interaction between the membrane components (e.g. decrease of Mg2+ concentration, ultrasound, KCl, EDTA and particularly detergents) favoured the proteolysis; however, the bulk of the proteins remained insensitive to the effect of proteinases. The membranes pretreated with DS-Na or chlorophorm--methanol mixture proved to be good substrates for proteinases. Treatment of the membrane fraction with proteolytic enzymes allowed to obtain some data on localization of respiratory chain enzymes in the membrane stroma of M. lysodeikticus. Thus, cytochrome c is localized nearer to the membrane surface than cytochromes a and b, while malate dehydrogenase is plunged deeper into the membrane stroma as compared to NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 6992878 TI - [Induction of tolerance to alloantigens in adult mice]. AB - The tolerance to allogeneic C57BL/6 cells (H--2b) was induced in adult CBA mice (H--2k). For tolerance induction three kinds of treatment were combined: thymectomy of adult CBA mice, intravenous inoculation of 1 x 10(8) spleen C57BL/6 cells and injection of 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide after 24 hours. Such a treatment of CBA mice resulted in long survival (up to 5 months) of allogeneic C57BL/L heart grafts. The data obtained in MLC reaction supported unresponsiveness of tolerant CBA mice to H-2 antigens of C57BL/6 mice. No lymphoid tissue chimerism was observed in tolerant mice. PMID- 6992879 TI - [Morphologic study of several hypothalamic centers in rats following deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus]. AB - Nuclear and nucleolar volumes of the cells of some hypothalamic centers (SON, PVN, SCN, VMN, AN) were estimated in control rats and in those with deafferented medial basal hypothalamus. There is sex difference in measured values among parvocellular formations of control animals: nuclei and nucleoli of the neurons in AN and in VMN and nucleoli of the neurons in SCN are larger in females than in males. Deafferentation led to an increase in the nuclear volume, especially in the formations outside the isolated area. It was more pronounced in rats with persistent estrus. The difference between estrous and diestrous rats is statistically significant for volumes of nuclei and nucleoli of the neurons in SCN and not for those in AN, inspite of the impressive diversity of the pituitary LH content. The suggestion is made that gonadoliberins are not secreted by the cells of AN, and that SCN might control the stage of the estrous cycle. PMID- 6992880 TI - [Effect of truncal vagotomy on insulin secretion and prostaglandin E2 concentration in the peripheral blood of rats]. AB - Immunoreactive insulin, glucose and prostaglandin E2 blood content was studied in rats after truncal vagotomy. It was shown that the content of blood plasma glucose did not change after the operation. On the 2nd postoperative day, the content of insulin was similar to that in sham-operated animals. It slightly decreased by the 14th postoperative day and physiologically remained within normal. The level of PGE2 rose abruptly on the second day and fell insignificantly on the 14th day, but did not reach the level recorded in sham operated rats. Since secreted insulin provides normoglycemia in rats, it can be inferred that function of the insular apparatus is not disturbed after vagotomy over the experimental period. It is suggested that elevated output of PGE2 induced by vagotomy may be in favour of exogenous application of prostaglandins to depress gastric secretion. PMID- 6992881 TI - [Macrophage migration inhibition test in mice with experimental amyloidosis]. AB - The migration inhibition factor (MIF) has been detected in sera of both amyloid patients and mice with casein-induced amyloidosis. This factor inhibits the migration of intact mouse splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig. The same activity is also displayed by sera of guinea pig. The same activity is also displayed by sera of patients with chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Spontaneous migration of splenocytes was studied in the course of casein-induced amyloidosis in mice. In the early stages of antigenic stimulation there was an increase in the cell migration activity, corresponding with the morphological picture of pyroninophilic and plasma cell proliferation. In the course of further antigenic stimulation the migration activity gradually decreases as the lymphoid tissue gets replaced by amyloid mass. MIF production during amyloidosis is discussed. PMID- 6992882 TI - [Primary immune response in parabionts of different ages]. AB - Potential mechanisms of aging of the immune system were studied in experimental heterochronic parabiosis of CBA mice. Vascular anastomoses were formed between parabionts thus providing an exchange of the humoral and cell factors and repopulation of lymphoid organs by the partner cells. Investigation into the primary immune response to sheep red blood cells has shown the suppression of antibody production in young partners to be the result of the old body influence. The effect of stimulation of the old immune system by the young animal, however, was only slightly pronounced. It is suggested that the factors actively suppressing the immune response of the young animal may exist in the old body. PMID- 6992884 TI - [Immunologic disorders in mice reared by mothers with induced graft vs host reactions]. AB - The mice fed by foster mothers with the induced graft-versus-host reaction showed high lethality at the age of 2-3 months and second year of life. During the second month of life the sick progeny exhibited lymphopenia, delayed skin allograft rejection, diminished number of T lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, depressed immune response to erythrocytic and abdominal typhi Vi-antigen. The immune response in old mice was elevated. Postmortem histological examination of 35 mice revealed tumours of lymphoid and reticular tissue in 6 and amyloidosis of the liver and spleen in 15 cases. PMID- 6992885 TI - [Pseudoplaque formation in immunologic reactions]. AB - It has been proved by diverse experimental methods that cell suspension prepared from the immunocompetent organs and tissues by Jerne's method modified by N. N. Klemparskaya presents a hypertonic medium stimulating formation of false plaques. This evidence suggests that immune-like plaques (aureola) may be formed in the absence of antigen rather than due to lysis of red cells or destruction of plaque forming cells. PMID- 6992883 TI - [Change in the cross reactivity of MIF producers during the course of the immune response in the H-2 system]. AB - Lymphocytes B10D2 anti-B10 (anti-KbIbDb) produce MIF when incubated with spleen cells of the recombinant KbIb-bearing R107 and Db-bearing R101 lines, possessing either public or private H-2 specificities of the immunizing complex. Cross reactivity revealed in the reaction with "unrelated" lines one week after immunization by allogeneic tumour disappeared during the second week; simultaneously the intensity of the reaction to KbIb and Db region products changes. The cross reaction of anti-Kb MIF producers obtained one week after immunization with cells of Kba and Kbd mutants disappeared two weeks after immunization: the migration inhibition which occurred one week after immunization turns to stimulation during the second week, while the degree of inhibition in the reaction with B10 cells remains unchanged. PMID- 6992886 TI - Therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. PMID- 6992887 TI - Ia antigen is a differentiation marker on human eosinophils. AB - Evidence suggests that the "la-like" or antigen is a differentiation marker that is expressed on early human hematopoietic precursor cells, but is absent on their mature progeny. The eosinophil precursor cell (CFU-EO) is distinct from the granulocyte-monocyte colon-forming cell (CFU-C). We provide data that indicate that the ia antigen is expressed on the human eosinophil colony-forming cells and is absent on mature eosinophils. All CFU-EO were inhibited in the presence of rabbit la antiserum at a titer of 1:30. Cytotoxicity was complement-dependent. The metamyelocytic eosinophil and more mature eosinophil forms did not express the la antigen. PMID- 6992890 TI - [Membership list of the Societe Francaise d'Ophtalmologie]. PMID- 6992889 TI - Nodular histiocytic lymphoma: an aggressive nodular lymphoma with potential for prolonged disease-free survival. AB - Nodular histiocytic lymphoma (NH) is uncommon, and its natural history is not well defined. Of 473 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we found 16 (3.4%) with NH. Most patients (13/16) presented with pathologic stage (PS) III or IV disease, including 7 with liver involvement. One patient (PS III) was initially treated with cyclophosphamide alone, and 4 patients received only radiotherapy, and none were long-term survivors. Eleven patients received combination chemotherapy, and 8 achieved complete remission. Only one of these patients relapsed and died at 19 mo; the other 7 continue in complete remission without maintenance therapy with a minimum followup of 4.5 yr. The survival of the entire group of patients with NH is intermediate between that of the other nodular lymphomas and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Nine of 16 patients had either a repeat lymph node biopsy during the course of their disease or lymph node examination at autopsy. Lymph node histology in the majority converted to a diffuse, less differentiated subtype of lymphoma. NH has a natural history similar to that of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and should be approached with the same therapeutic strategy. PMID- 6992888 TI - A staphylococcal slide test for detection of antineutrophil antibodies. AB - We describe a simple test for direct or indrect detection of antineutrophil antibodies. Sensitized leukocytes adherent to glass slides and fixed with paraformaldehyde can be stored in buffer for at least 3 wk. Killed Cowan I staphylococci, containing protein A, bind to sensitized but not control cells, and binding is ascertainable by light microscopy. Indirect tests were positive for 39/41 patients suspected of having immune neutropenia and found to have antineutrophil antibodies by an indirect radiochemical opsonic method. Fifty-four control sera from healthy persons, patients with bone marrow failure, or with immune complex diseases without neutropenia, gave negative indirect tests. Direct tests for cell-bound antibody could be done even during severe neutropenia by reacting fixed autologous cells with staphylococci in the absence of added serum. In some patients only the direct test was positive. PMID- 6992892 TI - Metastatic tumor of bone in a Tiahuanaco female. PMID- 6992891 TI - Interventional radiology of the biliary tract. PMID- 6992893 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery. PMID- 6992896 TI - Skin graft survival on a fascia lata graft. PMID- 6992895 TI - Oestrogens and endometrial hyperplasia. PMID- 6992894 TI - Recent advances in oral medicine. PMID- 6992897 TI - A haemostatic suture for the pharyngeal flap donor site. PMID- 6992899 TI - The management of the "skeletonised" nose. PMID- 6992898 TI - Reconstruction of the chest wall using a de-epithelialised "turn over" deltopectoral flap. AB - The use of a deltopectoral flap, de-epithelialised and turned over into the defect in the reconstruction of the chest wall damaged by radiation necrosis is described. The advantages of the technique are discussed. PMID- 6992900 TI - Localised scleroderma of the premaxilla and upper lip. PMID- 6992901 TI - Skin loss in meningococcal septicaemia. PMID- 6992902 TI - A beta adrenergic stimulant (salbutamol) versus clomipramine in depression: a controlled study. AB - A controlled study comparing salbutamol (6 mg/day) to clomipramine (150 mg/day), both given by intravenous infusion, was performed on depressed inpatients (10 per group). The symptomatology was evaluated by two blind observers at days 0, 5, and 15 using the Hamilton Rating Scale. Both treatments were effective on the overall symptomatology but the onset of action of salbutamol was more rapid. PMID- 6992903 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic factors affecting response to phenelzine. AB - Sixty patients, 30 with depressive neurosis, 15 with anxiety neurosis and 15 with phobic anxiety states, were treated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, phenelzine, in two different dosage schedules for four weeks. All patients received an initial dose of 15 mg daily, increasing to 30 mg daily between the third and seventh day, but subsequently, using double-blind procedure, one group tooke the commonly prescribed dose of 45 mg daily and the other took 90 mg daily. Acetylator status was independently determined before the start of treatment. Each diagnostic group showed a similar response to treatment, but patients taking the higher dose improved significantly more than those taking normal dosage, and the rate of improvement, measured by weekly self-ratings, was also more rapid with higher dosage. Acetylator status did not affect clinical response. The results suggest that dosage is more important in determining clinical response to phenelzine in neurotic disorder than specific diagnosis or acetylator status. PMID- 6992905 TI - Psychiatry and the treatment of pain. PMID- 6992906 TI - Studies of the immediately vascularized skin allograft. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of the nature of revascularization on survival rates of skin allografts, a rat model was devised which provided simultaneous and immediate establishment of arterial and venous blood supply to a composite skin renal allograft. For 5 days after transplantation the skin portion of the composite grafts appeared normal, with minimal inflammation in 11 recipients. From 6 to 11 days, in 6 rats, active rejection developed with a marked inflammatory reaction of the skin-kidney interface. In 10 rats in which the composite grafts remained in the secondary hosts for 12--21 days rejection of the skin was complete. The renal portion of all composite grafts appeared normal in all three panels and all recipients of composite grafts rejected subsequent orthotopic skin grafts in an accelerated manner, with median survival time of 8.2 +/- 0.3 days compared with 11.5 +/- 0.7 days in untreated Fisher leads to Lewis controls. These results demonstrate that the skin on the composite graft retained its immunogenicity, that immediately vascularized skin allografts between AgB compatible rats will be rejected in a normal time and that anatomical factors are not sufficient to account for the difference in survival times between skin and solid organs. PMID- 6992907 TI - A complication of stapling the stomach in gastric bypass for obesity. PMID- 6992904 TI - Lithium treatment in post-psychotic depression. AB - Six of eleven drug-free schizophrenic patients who were depressed following remission of their illness showed a significant decrease in their depressive symptomatology during a double-blind, placebo substitution lithium trial. Traditional indicators of prognosis did not predict lithium response in this small sample; the schizophrenic patients tolerated the lithium well. Lithium should be studied further in a larger patient sample as an adjunct in the treatment of post-psychotic depression, which frequently is treatment resistant. PMID- 6992908 TI - The value of the new interpretation of the insulin test in predicting duodenal ulcer relapse after treatment with cimetidine. AB - Twenty-one patients with duodenal ulcer were treated with cimetidine. After 2 weeks they were submitted to an insulin test and the results were compared with a range of secretion previously established in untreated duodenal ulcer patients (1). The secretion of 13 patients fell within this range and so they were predicted to have a high risk of relapse. The patients whose secretion was below the range had a predicted low risk of relapse. After 4 weeks' treatment repeat endoscopy showed that 4 ulcers had failed to heal. The secretion of 3 of the patients was within the range of the high risk group. The remaining 17 patients were followed up (range 20-23 months): 9 relapsed and 8 remained symptom-free. Eight of the 9 were in the high risk group and 6 of the 8 symptom-free patients were in the low risk group. In all, 11 out of 13 were correctly predicted in the high risk group and 6 out of 8 in the low risk group. The performance of the insulin test in predicting liability to relapse following cimetidine treatment was significant (P = 0.0225). PMID- 6992909 TI - A controlled trial of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) in the treatment of intermittent claudication. AB - We present the results of a double-blind trial of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) in the treatment of intermittent claudication. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were subjected to a standard walking test 3 and 6 months after treatment. There was no significant objective improvement attributable to the drug. Although both groups significantly increased their walking time to the onset of pain, those patients over 60 years old taking naftidrofuryl showed a significant improvement over their pretreatment walking times to onset of pain, whereas their controls did not. PMID- 6992910 TI - The effect of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) on intermittent claudication. AB - In a randomized double-blind controlled trial the effect of naftidrofuryl (Praxilene) 200 mg t.d.s., taken for 6 months, was compared with placebo in intermittent claudication. Whilst there was a significant subjective improvement regardless of age or treatment, patients over 60 on naftidrofuryl experienced a more rapid symptomatic relief than other patients. At six months this age group showed a significant improvement over the placebo group. There was no significnat objective evidence of improvement. PMID- 6992911 TI - Computer-assisted diagnosis of acute Crohn's diseases. AB - A study comparing the symptoms and signs of patients with acute Crohn's disease and those with acute appendicitis and intestinal obstruction is reported and a preliminary evaluation of computer-assisted diagnosis in this problem is given. There are significant differences between the three conditions. However, the accuracy of computer-assisted diagnosis in Crohn's disease is reduced by the high false positive rate of diagnosis in both appendicitis and intestinal obstruction. Computer accuracy in Crohn's disease may increase when further information is available to extend the data base. PMID- 6992912 TI - Percivall Pott 1714-1788. PMID- 6992913 TI - Is a fat stitch necessary? AB - Two hundred and eight consecutive patients undergoing surgery were allocated randomly in a trial of the use of a plain catgut subcutaneous fat stitch, compared with no fat suture. There was no appreciable difference between the two trial groups in wound infection rate following either clean (4 out of 74 with and 1 out of 68 without a fat stitch) or contaminated operations (4 out of 27 with and 4 out of 41 without). Likewise, there were no differences in haematoma rates. There is therefore no appreciable benefit to be derived from the use of this stitch. PMID- 6992914 TI - Vertical abdominal incisions--a choice? AB - A prospective randomized trial was carried out on 207 patients undergoing laparotomy using three different vertical abdominal incisions--midline, 'medial' paramedian incision and 'lateral' paramedian incision. The lateral paramedian incision is slightly more time-consuming to perform than the other two incisions but there is a statistically greater incidence of incisional hernia in midline and medial paramedian wounds than with the lateral paramedian incision. It is suggested that when a vertical abdominal incision is being considered the lateral paramedian should be the incision of choice. PMID- 6992915 TI - Presentation of cancer to hospital as 'acute abdominal pain'. AB - In a survey of 5675 patients presenting to five hospitals in England, Scotland and Denmark with acute undiagnosed abdominal pain, 106 patients later proved to have intraabdominal cancer. The risk of cancer was age-dependent: amongst patients over 50 years with 'non-specific' pain the risk of cancer was 10 per cent. The commonest primary cancer site (in 57 cases, 53.8 per cent) was the large bowel. Most cancers neither perforated nor obstructed: 73 patients merely presented with a short history of unexplained abdominal pain. Of those patients with cancer presenting with 'unexplained' pain, half (37/73, 50.7 per cent) left hospital without a diagnosis of cancer having been made. Subsequently, a computer aided system was constructed to discriminate (in patients over the age of 50) between those with unexplained acute abdominal pain who did and did not have cancer. Overall accuracy was 84.7 per cent in 138 cases. The most helpful clinical features in making this discrimination are listed. It is suggested (a) that cancer is now a relatively common cause of acute abdominal pain, (b) that the diagnosis is frequently difficult and (c) that urgent screening of all patients over 50 with non-specific acute abdominal pain may be warranted. PMID- 6992916 TI - Randomised trial comparing propranolol with atenolol in immediate treatment of suspected myocardial infarction. AB - The value of beta-blockade for suspected acute myocardial infarction was assessed by determining the six-week and one-year mortality rates in patients started on propranolol, atenolol, or placebo immediately on entry to a coronary care unit. A total of 388 patients entered this double-blind, randomised study, and when analysed on the basis of the initial, intention-to-treat categories there was no significant difference between the three groups in respect of the mortality rate at one year. There was, however, a high withdrawal rate from the trial; the reasons for this illustrate problems of physician compliance and interpretation of data, which are common to all early-entry trials of haemodynamically active agents in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6992918 TI - Platelet-release reaction in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6992917 TI - Medical education in London. PMID- 6992919 TI - Absence of blood-pressure lowering effect of captopril in anephric patients. AB - Captopril, an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, was administered in a single dose to five anephric patients who had extremely low plasma renin activities. The drug did not lower blood pressure or significantly alter plasma renin activity in any patient but increased mean arterial pressure slightly in three. These results suggest that the blood-pressure lowering effect of captopril depends on an active renal renin-angiotensin system. Though additional mechanisms, such as accumulation of vasodilator kinins resulting from kininase II inhibition, may also contribute to captopril's action, these mechanisms apparently require the presence of the kidney to have a clinically detectable effect. PMID- 6992920 TI - Spontaneous hypoglycaemia in active acromegaly and its response to bromocriptine. PMID- 6992921 TI - Spina bifida and the sex ratio. PMID- 6992922 TI - Subcutaneous continuous insulin infusion and control of blood glucose concentration in diabetics in third trimester of pregnancy. AB - The effect of subcutaneous continuous insulin infusion on the control of blood glucose concentrations was assessed in eight pregnant diabetics in the third trimester. Twenty-four-hour glucose profiles were obtained after strict inpatient control on conventional insulin regimens and after the start of the continuous infusion, which was maintained for 5-55 days. Mean 24-hour glucose concentrations (6.2 mmol/l on conventional regimen, 5.9 mmol/l on continuous infusion; 111.6 and 106.2 mg/100 ml respectively) and mean fasting concentrations (5.3 v 6.2 mmol/l; 95.4 v 111.6 mg/100 ml) were not significantly changed by continuous infusion. Diurnal variations in glucose concentration tended to be smaller on continuous infusion: standard deviation from mean 24-hour glucose concentration was reduced from 2.5 to 2.0 mmol/l (from 45 to 36 mg/100 ml), maximum excursion from 8.4 to 7.4 mmol/l (151.2 to 133.2 mg/100 ml), and M value from 16 to 14. Subcutaneous continuous insulin infusion may be useful in limiting diurnal variations of blood glucose concentrations and warrants further investigation since such an action may be beneficial in the management of pregnant diabetics, in whom the best possible control of blood glucose concentrations is sought for the good of the fetus. PMID- 6992923 TI - "Catabolic" loss of body protein after human liver transplantation. PMID- 6992924 TI - One way of coping with diabetes. PMID- 6992926 TI - Why has Swann failed? PMID- 6992925 TI - Axillary hyperhidrosis, 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and surgery. PMID- 6992928 TI - Plasmid-encoded trimethoprim resistance in multiresistant epidemic Salmonella typhimurium phage types 204 and 193 in Britain. AB - Multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage types 204 and 193 appeared in calves in 1977 and then spread epidemically in cattle. Food poisoning is the main route by which drug-resistant strains from cattle are spread to man, and by the end of 1979 these two multiresistant strains had been identified in 290 cases of human salmonellosis in Britain. Trimethoprim-resistant S typhimurium were rare until a strain of a new phage type, designated type 204c, spread in cattle in 1979. All isolations of type 204c were trimethoprim resistant. Trimethoprim had been used to treat cattle and this usage has probably contributed to the establishment of type 204c and the increased incidence of trimethoprim-resistant strains. The responsibility to prevent or control drug resistance in bovine S typhimurium lies with the veterinary profession, and more stringent regulatiions governing the use of antibiotics in animals bred for food may be necessary. PMID- 6992927 TI - Prospective double-blind trial of synthetic steroid (Org OD 14) for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - A double-blind trial of Org OD 14, a synthetic steroid with an unusual endocrine profile, was conducted on 100 postmenopausal women; of these, 63 completed two years' treatment (33 Org OD 14; 30 placebo). A dose of 2.5 mg/day successfully prevented bone loss over two years, whereas a significant reduction in bone mineral content occurred in women taking placebo, the rate being comparable to that in earlier studies (p less than 0.01). At the dosage used (2.5 mg/day) Org OD 14 also significantly reduced the severity of menopausal complaints (flushing, sweating, etc). Vabra aspiration curettage in 20 cases 6-18 months after starting active treatment showed no evidence of endometrial hyperplasia, though weak proliferation of the endometrium was seen in three. Org OD 14 may provide a new approach to hormonal prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women without inducing appreciable endometrial stimulation; the potential value of Org OD 14 in osteoporosis and other post-climacteric complaints warrants further investigation. PMID- 6992929 TI - Assessment of new drugs: a clinical pharmacologist's view. PMID- 6992930 TI - Procedures in practice. Skin biopsy (2). PMID- 6992931 TI - Serious renal transplant rejection and adrenal hypofunction after gradual withdrawal of prednisolone two years after transplantation. AB - Ten patients with stable renal function two years after transplantation had their sole immunosuppressive treatment (oral prednisolone 10 mg daily) withdrawn by reducing the daily dose by 1 mg at monthly intervals. Plasma prednisolone concentration, cortisol concentration, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine concentration were measured in all patients, and the adrenal response to corticotrophin was determined in five by measuring plasma cortisol concentrations before and after tetracosactrin injection. No episodes of rejection occurred in patients taking over 7 mg prednisolone daily. Although three patients apparently required only minimal immunosuppressive treatment (less than 5 mg daily) the remainder suffered episodes of rejection at daily doses below 7 mg. There was a tenuous association between rejection and low plasma cortisol concentration, but neither the pattern of plasma prednisolone concentrations nor the response to tetracosactrin were related to episodes of rejection. Reducing the daily dose of oral prednisolone to under 7 mg should not be attempted in patients with renal transplants unless there are extenuating circumstances. PMID- 6992932 TI - Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial. AB - After baseline studies, 21 patients with osteoporosis were treated with human parathyroid hormone fragment (PTH 1-34) given as once-daily subcutaneous injections for 6-24 months. The dose used did not cause hypercalcaemia even in the first few hours after injection. Calcium and phosphate balances improved in some patients, but there was no significant improvement in the group values. There were, however, substantial increases in iliac trabecular bone volume: the mean increase, confirmed by repeat blind measurements, was 70% above mean baseline volume. The new bone was histologically normal. Those patients who had the largest increases in 47Ca-kinetic and histomorphometric indices of new bone formation showed the greatest increases in trabecular bone volume, suggesting that treatment with human parathyroid hormone fragment caused a dissociation between formation and resorption rates that was confined to trabecular bone. Since vertebrae are four-fifths composed of trabecular bone, this hormone fragment may prove useful in treating patients with the crush fracture syndrome. PMID- 6992935 TI - Integrated dialysis and renal transplantation: small is beautiful. AB - Many patients in Britain with chronic renal failure suitable for renal replacement treatment die because not enough treatment facilities are available. Moreover, the number of renal transplants performed is insufficient to meet even present needs, so the number of patients on dialysis is rising. The integrated dialysis and transplant unit in Aberdeen, which has a population base much smaller than the average British unit, meets community needs for dialysis and transplantation. The problem of harvesting cadaver kidneys has been solved; the present supply has not only enabled the number of patients on dialysis to remain stable but has resulted in a net export of kidneys. The Aberdeen unit shows how estimated needs for chronic dialysis and renal transplantation may be met. PMID- 6992933 TI - Ketotifen in adult asthma. PMID- 6992934 TI - Insulin-induced lipoatrophy: evidence for an immune pathogenesis. AB - Skin biopsy samples from 14 diabetic patients with lipoatrophy at injection sites and from five insulin-treated diabetic patients without such lipoatrophy (controls) were examined by immunofluorescence for the deposition of immunological components. Also sera from 13 of the patients with lipoatrophy and from all of the controls were assayed for insulin-binding capacity. Biopsy samples from the edge of lipoatrophic areas (eight cases) invariably showed abnormal deposition of immunological components in dermal vessel walls, whereas no such deposition was seen in the control samples. Mean serum insulin-binding capacity was 33.1 microgram/l in the patients with lipoatrophy compared with only 4.6 microgram/l in the controls. These findings suggest that insulin-induced lipoatrophy results from the local formation of immune complexes, complement fixation, and release of inflammatory mediators from the cellular infiltrate. PMID- 6992936 TI - Why has Swann failed? PMID- 6992937 TI - Why has Swann failed? PMID- 6992938 TI - Treatment of nongonococcal urethritis with trimethoprim-sulphadiazine and with placebo. A double-blind partner-controlled study. AB - The effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim (T-S) was compared with that of a placebo in the treatment of 75 men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and their female sexual partners. Forty (53%) men and 30 (40%) women had positive culture results for Chlamydia trachomatis before treatment was started. Thirty-four patients of each sex received active treatment. Of these, 19 men and 15 women had positive culture results for C trachomatis before treatment with T-S and one of each sex had a positive culture result after treatment. C trachomatis had been isolated in 21 men and 15 women before treatment with placebo. At follow up four weeks after treatment had been started, 16 men and 15 women still harboured C trachomatis. Five of the chlamydia-positive patients treated with placebo developed complications (epididymitis, arthritis, or salpingitis) so the trial was discontinued. PMID- 6992939 TI - Immunoglobulin-bearing lymphoid cells in primary syphilis. Quantitative and elution studies. AB - The delay in antibody production in response to infection with Treponema pallidum may be caused by a block in the differentiation of antigen-stimulated B (Bursa dependent) lymphoid cells towards plasma cells. This hypothesis was tested by a study to detect clonal expansion of immunoglobulin-bearing B lymphoid cells by in vitro immunofluorescence tests in patients with primary syphilis. In addition, antibodies eluted from circulating lymphoid cells were investigated for treponemal binding by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the T pallidum immobilisation test, and the immunoglobulin class-specific FTA-ABS test. Results indicated that the number of IgG-bearing lymphoid cells were increased in patients with primary syphilis. However, in only a few cases could antitreponemal antibodies be eluted from isolated lymphoid cells. For this reason, the original hypothesis was rejected. PMID- 6992940 TI - Further evaluation of the microhaemagglutination test to determine treponemal antibodies in CSF. AB - The results of a microhaemagglutination test (MHA:TP) using diluted (MHA:TP-DCSF) and undiluted (MHA:TP-UCSF) samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 1452 patients with syphilis, neurological, metabolic, or immunological disorders, and undetermined diagnoses to detect antitreponemal antibodies were compared with those of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL-CSF) test and the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-CSF) test. Using undiluted samples of CSF the MHA:TP test gave more reactive results than with diluted samples. The MHA:TP UCSF test was slightly more specific and sensitive than the FTA-CSF test. The use of undiluted CSF did not reduce the specificity of the MHA:TP test, as was shown by testing CSF samples from patients with diseases other than syphilis. PMID- 6992942 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of LHRH in central olfactory pathways of hamster. PMID- 6992941 TI - Value and feasibility of screening women attending STD clinics for cervical chlamydial infections. AB - A chlamydial screening service was provided in Bristol over a three-month period for women attending the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic either for the first time or with a new complaint. Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis was attempted in cytochalasin-treated McCoy cells. Of 919 specimens, valid results were obtained in 796. Chlamydial infections were identified and treated in 154 (19%) of these 796 women. Chlamydia were isolated from 52 (37%) of 152 female partners of men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU); these patients already routinely receive treatment with tetracylcines in this clinic. The remaining 102 infections (34 (48%) of 71 women with gonorrhoea and 68 (12%) of the other 573 women) would have been unrecognised and usually untreated without chlamydial isolation studies. These figures confirm the need to provide chlamydial diagnostic services for selected STD clinic attenders. PMID- 6992943 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of the D2 protein in the presynaptic complex. AB - A monospecific antiserum against the rat brain synaptic plasma membrane protein D2 was produced by sequential immunization of rabbits with immunoprecipitates. This antiserum was used for immunoperoxidase localization of D2 in adult rat brain at both the light and the electron microscopal level. D2 was located in the presynaptic complex of neurons distributed ubiquitously in the brain. By gel electrophoresis D2 was demonstrated to exist in a perinatal form, which was desialylated during the ontogenetic period of maximal synaptogenesis. PMID- 6992944 TI - Gastric bicarbonate secretion: an update. AB - In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that gastric fundic and antral mucosa secretes a bicarbonate (HCO3-)-rich fluid under a variety of experimental conditions. Bicarbonate secretion appears to be an active, energy requiring process which is thought to occur at the surface epithelial cell. Transmembrane HCO3- transport, isotopic (H14CO3) flux, pH stat titration and pCO2 measurement has been used to indicate HCO3- secretion. Bicarbonate secretion is stimulated by cholinergic agents, dibutyryl-cGMP, calcium, and 16-16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Atropine inhibits carbachol-stimulated HCO3- secretion but has no effect on basal HCO3- secretion. Agents which have been shown to inhibit HCO3- secretion are acetazolamide, O2 deprivation, noradrenalin, aspirin and indomethacin. It is plausible to suppose that HCO3- secretion may play a role in protection of the gastric mucosal epithelium. Although for a given area of gastric mucosa, the amount of HCO3- secreted is only about 5 to 10% of the maximal acid output, the neutralizing capability of the HCO3- rich fluid may be significantly greater at the apical cell membrane of the surface epithelial cells. PMID- 6992945 TI - Physiological and morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract induced by hypothalamic intervention: an overview. AB - Neural control and modulation of gastric secretion is well established. The role of the parasympathetic vagal system as a final motor pathway in gastric acid secretion is clearer than the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. Both portions of the autonomic nervous system, however, appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of at least experimentally induced gastric erosions. With respect to higher neural control there are numerous reports of hypothalamic effects on gastric secretion, motility, and morphology, yet the results of many of these reports appear equivocal. This ambiguity can be attributed in part to species differences, time course of observations, and differences in stimulation and lesion parameters. However, a mcal description of the sites of central lesions and stimulation. Implications of several of the studies concerning hypothalamic involvement in gastric functions are reviewed and recent methodological advances including neural fiber transection, relatively specific neural cell damage with neurotoxins (e.g., 6-OHDA, kainic acid), histochemistry and intracerebral infusions of gut hormones are suggested as alternative approaches to studying brain-gut relationships. PMID- 6992946 TI - The gastric mucosal barrier and ulceration. AB - The gastric mucosal barrier is that property which defends against acid and which impedes diffusion of acid from the lumen into the mucosa. The disappearance of luminal H+ is linearly related to luminal (H+) both in the normal stomach and in stomachs exposed to barrier breakers. The latter invaribaly produce anatomic evidence of surface cellular injury. Strong direct evidence for back diffusion of luminal H+ derives from the recent demonstration of a highly significant correlation between the disappearance of luminal H+ and the pH of the lamina propria measured by an implanted microelectrode. The permeabilities of the antrum and fundus to H+ differ from each other in the same species and in different species. Gastric ulceration does not occur in the absence of luminal acid and is not dependent upon the absolute loss of H+ from the luminal solution. Mucosal ischemia induced by hemorrhage reduces tolerance against ulceration as does inhibition of acid secretion, acidification of the tissue caused by absence of nutrient bicarbonate, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, and blockade of anion exchange by SITS. A tentative schema is proposed by which defense against luminal acid is accomplished in gastric mucosa. PMID- 6992947 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the defense of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6992948 TI - Psychological studies of stress ulcer in the rat. AB - The behavioral animal models of stress ulcer in the rat include immobilization, conflict, predictability, coping and avoidance responding. Research with these ulcer techniques is briefly reviewed. The activity-stress ulcer model is described and recent findings summarized. Physiological investigations of stress ulcer have produced considerable information regarding the proximal causes of ulcer disease. Behavioral scientists can make significant contributions to the study of stress ulcer by evaluating predisposing variables and by observing the relevant precipitating environmental events which lead to ulcer development. PMID- 6992949 TI - [Contribution to the prognostic value of plasma renin activity in systemic hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6992950 TI - [The establishment of the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava. I. Possibilities of studying medicine in Slovakia before 1918]. PMID- 6992951 TI - [The effect of endotoxin on coagulation mechanisms and on the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6992952 TI - [Dr. Ernest Dlhos--70 years old]. PMID- 6992954 TI - Dental surgery pain analgesic. PMID- 6992953 TI - [Dr. Julius Uhrik--60 years old]. PMID- 6992957 TI - Nerve supply to the mandibular dentition. A review. PMID- 6992955 TI - Bupivacaine anaesthesia in oral surgery. PMID- 6992956 TI - A foramen on the lingual of the mandible. PMID- 6992958 TI - Inferior dental nerve block. A modified technique. PMID- 6992959 TI - Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli. Purification to homogeneity and some properties. AB - Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate - sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli. A merodiploid strain P650 which had an extra copy of the gene for enzyme I resulting in a twofold increase in the amount of activity was used. The enzyme is a dimer of 67 000 +/- 5000 molecular weight subunits. At low protein concentration and 4 degrees C the monomer predominates, while at room temperature the dimer predominates. At higher protein concentrations (2 to 10 mg) this reversible temperature-dependent association-dissociation is not found. Enzyme I has a pH optimum of pH 7.2, a Km for HPr of 9 +/- 3 microM, a Km for phosphoenolpyruvate of 0.18 +/- 0.04 mM, and kinetics that are consistent with a bi bi Ping-Pong mechanism. No allosteric regulation of kinetic activity has been found. The amino acid composition has been determined and the epsilon 1% 280 nm is 4.4. Evidence suggests that the phosphorylated form of enzyme I is more stable. PMID- 6992960 TI - Biochemistry evolving. PMID- 6992961 TI - Short-lived mutagen in Salmonella produced by reaction of trichloroacetic acid and dimethyl sulphoxide. AB - A chemical reaction occurs when trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), with the production of a short-lived mutagenic derivative which was detected using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome plate overlay assay. Other interactions between test chemicals and solvents are discussed. Choice of proper solvents in mutagenicity testing is emphasized. PMID- 6992962 TI - Activation of prorenin by proteases from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Inactive renin (prorenin) can be activated by certain proteases in human blood, of which a possible source in vivo is polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We extracted enzyme from PMNs using methods established for the recovery of neutral and acid protease fractions, and tested their effectiveness on plasma prorenin in vitro. Neutral protease preparations, possessing mainly chymotrypsin and elastase activity, produce no activation of prorenin. Exogenous pancreatic alpha chymotrypsin does activate plasma prorenin, but less effectively than trypsin. From the quantity of PMNs extracted for neutral protease, and its failure to activate protenin, we deduce that this enzyme preparation, like exogenous chymotrypsin, is qualitatively unimportant. In contrast, the extracted PMN acid protease fraction, believed to be rich in cathepsin D, exhibited high prorenin activating ability, suggesting both quantitative and qualitative importance. The low pH requirement of this acid protease (near pH 4.0), together with its inactivity at neutral pH, argues against an important systemic role in the conversion of prorenin. However, it may contribute to systemic activation in partnership with other enzymes, or else play a specialized local role in situations where PMN concentration and activity increase, and the pH is on the acid side. PMID- 6992963 TI - D'Anville's doom--a neurological vignette from historic Halifax. AB - After the capture of Fortress Louisbourg by the New England Irregulars, Louis XV of France commissioned Jean Baptiste Louis Frederic de la Rochefoucauld, duc d'Anville, to command a massive offensive flotilla to retake Louisbourg, and ravage the eastern seaboard of North America south to Florida. After arriving in Chibouctou (Halifax Harbour) following thirteen weeks at sea, duc d'Anville collapsed. His doctor treated him with enemas and emetics, but he suddenly turned blue, convulsed, and died. The report of his autopsy, which included the cranium, (and which is Canada's only Royal autopsy) has been lost for two centuries. It is now analysed, showing that although he had significant intracranial pathology, he died from medical therapy. PMID- 6992965 TI - Dr. Norman Bethune: inspiration for a modern China. PMID- 6992964 TI - Features of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in brains of patients with familial dementia of Alzheimer type. AB - Necropsy findings consistent with spongiform encephalopathy of the Creutzfeldt Jakob type are described in the brain of a 48-year-old woman whose prolonged course and clinical features had suggested Alzheimer's presenile dementia. Six other members of her family in two generations have also died of progressive presenile dementing illnesses of Alzheimer type, lasting 5-10 years. Autopsies showed a post-viral temporal lobe encephalopathy in one and spongiform (C-J) lesions in another. Neuropathological studies in this family add weight to the idea that Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease represent different manifestations of a genetic predisposition to "slow virus" encephalopathies. PMID- 6992967 TI - Presidential address: surgical oncology-Expectations for the Future. PMID- 6992968 TI - Progress report on controlled trial of fecal occult blood testing for the detection of colorectal neoplasia. AB - Our controlled trial of screening for colorectal cancer has now been in progress for almost five years. Screening is accomplished by rigid sigmoidoscopy in control and study groups and, in addition, by fecal occult blood testing in the study group. Patients screened are men and women age 40 and older, mostly at average risk. Fecal occult blood testing is with Hemoccult slides with patients on a meat-free, high-bulk diet without hydration, and with a four-day storage interval between slide preparation and testing. Patients with positive slides undergo diagnostic investigation that includes both colonoscopy and double contrast barium enema and, in some, an upper gastrointestinal series. Preliminary results to date include: patient baseline statistics and subgroup comparability, rate of positive slides of 1-4%, predictive value for neoplasia of 44-50%, false positives of 0.5-2.1%, favorable Dukes' staging of cancers in the study group, and high patient compliance. Considerably more follow-up is need in our study and control population, and issues such as mortality and cost need to be addressed. Additional time will be necessary to provide firm conclusions. PMID- 6992969 TI - The stilbestrol disorders in historical perspective. AB - In the late 1960's when a series of adolescent girls with adenocarcinoma of the vagina presented themselves to our hospital, we did not immediately suspect the cause. Previous experience with radical hysterectomy and with vaginal reconstruction had prepared us technically to treat them sucessfully. Then a clue to etiology from one mother's observation regarding DES as a pregnancy supportive medication was quickly and conclusively converted into fact by an investigation with case controls. Rapid expansion of our knowledge came about through information accumulated in a Registry, and untoward effects other than cancer soon came to notice as young asymptomatic women presented themselves for examination because of known fetal exposure. The dominant event is clearly recognizable ss teratogenic, resulting in anomalous development of the vagina and cervix. Although the appearance of clear cell adenocarcinoma in a small fraction of DES-daughters is a consequence, the role of DES in its carcinogenesis is still unproved. PMID- 6992966 TI - Plasma ferritin concentrations: their clinical significance and relevance to patient care. AB - In healthy persons the plasma ferritin concentration is a sensitive index of the size of body iron stores. It has been successfully applied to large-scale surveys of the iron status of populations. It has also proved useful in the assessment of clinical disorders of iron metabolism. A low plasma ferritin level has a high predictive value for the diagnosis of uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia. It is of less value, however, in anemia associated with infection, chronic inflammatory disorders, liver disease and malignant hematologic diseases, for which a low level indicates iron deficiency and a high level excludes it, but intermediate levels are not diagnostic. Measuring the plasma ferritin concentration is also useful for the detection of excess body iron, particularly in idiopathic hemochromatosis, but again it lacks specificity in the presence of active hepatocellular disease. If iron overload is suspected in these circumstances determination of the iron content of a percutaneous liver biopsy specimen is required. In families with idiopathic hemochromatosis the combined determination of the plasma ferritin concentration and the transferrin saturation is a sufficient screen to identify affected relatives; however, estimation of the hepatic iron concentration is required to establish the diagnosis. PMID- 6992970 TI - High-dose combination chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in adult solid tumors. AB - In order to determine whether high-dose combination chemotherapy was active in chemotherapy resistant patients, 19 patients, (9 with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, 6 with embryonal cell carcinoma, 2 with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, 1 with Hodgkin's disease and 1 with chondrosarcoma), 18 of whom had had extensive prior chemotherapy and failed, received 23 courses of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow infusion (ABMT). Three patients received four courses of cytoxan (2-6 g/m2) and VP-16 (500-600 mg/m2) and 16 patients received 19 courses of cytoxan and VP-16 in these doses plus BCNU (300 mg/m2). Activity was observed in 6 of 8 evaluable small cell bronchogenic carcinoma patients (1 complete response (CR), 4 partial responses (PR), 1 less than PR), in 6 embryonal cell carcinoma patients (3 CR, 2 PR, 1 less than PR), in both patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (1 CR, 1 less than PR), in the patient with Hodgkin's disease (1 PR); and in the patient with chondrosarcoma (stable). Only 2 patients who had received prior cytoxan and VP-16 extensively showed resistance to these programs. The median response duration was 11 weeks (range = 4-55 + weeks). Major toxicity consisted of bacterial infections. Two patients died from treatment related causes. Neutrophils recovered to levels of greater than or equal to 1.5 x 10(9)/liter by days 20-42 (median, day 27) and platelets to levels of greater than 100 x 10(9)/liter by days 21-56 (median, day 32) without any delayed BCNU toxicity. High-dose combination chemotherapy with ABMT causes acceptable toxicity and high response rates of relatively short duration in tumors refractory to conventional chemotherapy. PMID- 6992971 TI - Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver with alpha-1-antitrypsin deposits: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Periodic acid-Schiff-positive diastase-resistant globules are described in an undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver in a 14-year-old boy. These globules were shown to contain alpha-1-antitrypsin (A-1-AT) protein by immunofluorescence techniques. Further immunohistochemical studied revealed albumin and gamma globulins, but no alpha-feto protein (AFP). Electron microscopic studies showed large, electron-dense bodies consistent with phagolysosomal structures, and distinct from that described in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A-1-ATD). These findings suggested that the globules in this tumor may represent trapping of serum proteins by the malignant cell. These observations are discussed in connection with recent studies linking the deficiency disease and epithelial hepatic tumors. PMID- 6992972 TI - Findings from NSABP Protocol No. B-04-comparison of radical mastectomy with alternative treatments for primary breast cancer. I. Radiation compliance and its relation to treatment outcome. PMID- 6992973 TI - Richter's syndrome with identification of marker chromosomes. AB - A case is presented of a man with Richter's syndrome with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma following a ten-year history of untreated chronic lymphatic leukemia. He did not respond to therapy. The lymphoma cells had 61 chromosomes with aneuploidy of 13 chromosomes and 11 structurally altered chromosomes. Only chromosomes 8, 9, 12, 14, and 18 were diploid and without abnormality. Significantly, part of chromsome 1q was duplicated as in the partial trisomy of 1q reported to characterize a number of hematologic neoplasms. A large marker chromosome with subterminal centromere was a tandem duplication of chromosome 4q. PMID- 6992975 TI - Moderate versus intensive chemotherapy of prognostically favorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a progress report. AB - Two hundred and fifty-two patients with advanced stages of favorable non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtypes (nodular histiocytic (NH), and diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic (DLWD)) were analyzed for response and survival to moderate (cyclophosphamide-prednisone (CP)) vs. intensive (BCVP or COPP) chemotherapy regimens. The overall complete response (CR) rate was 57%. The median duration of remission for the entire group was 88 weeks and 65% of complete responders were in remission at one year. Survival rates at one year were 87% for BCVP, 86% for COPP, and 91% for CP. The response rate, response duration, and survival rate differences between the groups were not significant. Severe and life threatening hematologic toxicity rates were significantly higher with BCVP and COPP as compared to CP (P less than 0.001). The highest CR rate was obtained in NM (74%) and CP gave the highest CR rate in DLWD (60%). Survival rates at one year for NM (97%) and NLPD (90%) were comparable whereas the one year survival rate for DLWD was significantly lower (75%) than that for NLPD (P less than 0.005) or NM (P less than 0.001). We conclude that in favorable NHL subtypes, cyclophosphamide-prednisone combination is an effective regimen with minimal toxicity. PMID- 6992974 TI - Prognostic significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase in malignant lymphoma. AB - The pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) was the single most important prognostic variable in 30 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma treated between January 1973 and January 1977 with a poly-drug chemotherapy program called the cyclophosphamide L2 protocol at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A highly significant difference was found between the survival patterns of patients with LDH levels of 500 U or less and those with LDH levels greater than 500 U. (Two-year survival rates were 67% and 13%, respectively.) A similar trend was observed for 25 patients with diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma treated with the same protocol, although this difference was not statistically significant. (Corresponding two-year survival rates were 74% and 33%, respectively.) The association of LDH level with survival was evident even after adjustment for other factors of potential prognostic significance. Pretreatment serum LDH determinations may provide a useful means of stratifying patient populations when comparing treatment programs for advanced stage non Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6992976 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with mycosis fungoides in clinical remission: effect of thymic humoral factor on the immunocompetence of the lymphocytes. AB - In 10 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) who were in clinical remission following local treatment with nitrogen mustard, cell-mediated immunity was investigated by means of tests for lymphocytes, forming rosettes in the peripheral blood, and the graft-vs-host reaction as well as intradermal skin tests. The effect of thymic humoral factor (THF) on T lymphocytes with impaired immunecompetence was also investigated. The results provided evidence of various kinds of damage to the immunologic system in most of the patients. Of the 10 patients, 4 had low percentages of T cells. Eight of the 10 had a graft-vs.-host reaction which was weak or negative, and in 4 of these, the administration of THF to the lymphocytes induced an improvement in immunoreactivity. These results together with other recently reported data indicate that the determination of cell-mediated immunity in patients with MF may be of prognostic importance. Those patients whose T lymphocytes respond to treatment with THF are probably the best candidates for immunotherapy. PMID- 6992977 TI - T-cell lymphomas of large cell type. A variety of malignant lymphomas: "histiocytic" and mixed lymphocytic-"histiocytic". AB - Clinical and morphologic features of seven T-cell lymphomas of the large cell type are described. The tumors were grouped into those with irregular (3 cases) and those with round and regular nuclei (4 cases). In both groups, variation in cell size, numerous histiocytes and vessels, and many mitoses were distinguishing features. In only 1 case in the round and regular nucleus group was there relatively little variation in cell size and a paucity of histiocytes. Abundant polyribosomes, long strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomal granules were prominent electron microscopic features in both groups of tumors. The clinical presentations and courses varied considerably, especially in patients with tumors of the round nucleus type. One patient presented initially with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1 with Lennert's lymphoma, another with bone marrow infiltration, and a fourth with subcutaneous tumors. Two patients with the round nucleus type are still alive one and a half and two years after the original diagnosis. Two patients died two years after the onset of symptoms. Each of the 3 patients with tumors of the irregular nucleus type had a rapid clinical course and died within ten months. PMID- 6992978 TI - Chemotherapy of extensive large cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial in 210 patients. AB - Two hundred ten patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung were entered into a two-arm randomized trail. Cytoxan + CCNU + methotrexate was compared to Adriamycin and procarbazine. The tumor response to CCM was significantly higher than the tumor response to Adriamycin and procarbazine. No significant difference existed between the two treatments with respect to survival. Initial performance status, weight loss prior to therapy, and response to therapy were all found to be significant prognostic factors. Median survival time relative to responders in both treatment groups was 31.7 weeks and 15.8 weeks for non-responders. PMID- 6992979 TI - Prophylactic irradiation in bronchogenic small cell anaplastic carcinoma. A comparative trial of localized versus extensive radiotherapy including prophylactic brain irradiation in patients receiving combination chemotherapy. AB - A total of 114 patients with bronchogenic small cell anaplastic carcinoma and staged as having regional disease all underwent combination chemotherapy consisting of CCNU, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. They were randomized to receive either radiotherapy to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes (4000 rad) or extensive radiotherapy, which included the brain, adrenals, and upper retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Fifteen patients were free of disease after 18 months of chemotherapy and the treatment was discontinued. Only 3 patients subsequently relapsed. No difference was observed between the two groups of patients in median survival time, response rate, duration of response or relapse pattern, including the frequency of brain metastasis. PMID- 6992980 TI - Elective versus therapeutic radical neck dissection in epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity: results of a randomized clinical trial. AB - This study concerns 75 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who were patients at the Gustave-Roussy Institute between December 1966 and July 1973. These patients were divided into two groups. The first group was comprised of 39 patients who underwent elective radical neck dissection; nodal involvement was present in 49% with capsular rupture in 13%. In the second group of 36, neck disease appeared during follow up in 19 cases. Therapeutic radical neck dissection was carried out in 17; the nodes were histologically positive in 15, 9 of which had a capsular rupture. In 2 cases, local or general conditions did not permit operative intervention. In this group, the involvement rate was 47% with a 25% capsular rupture rate. However, the comparison of the survival curves by the log-rank test did not reveal any differences, even though histologic prognostic factors were taken into account. These findings led to the conclusion that in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity staged T1N0, T2N0, or T3N0 (from AJC's and UICC's clinical staging system), it seems possible, without risk, to delay neck dissection until a node is detectable, although it is reasonable to perform elective neck dissection in those cases in which the patient is unavailable for regular followup. PMID- 6992981 TI - Establishment of mouse colonic carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic properties. AB - Tumorigenic cell lines were established in culture from three transplantable mouse colonic carcinomas designated CT 26, CT36, and CT 51. The cultured lines were characterized for the retention of the biological characteristics of the parental lines. All three cultured lines retained the ability to form tumors in vivo. Serially transplanted parental lines CT 26 and CT 51 grew at a faster rate than did CT 36 and showed a greater propensity for the formation of lung metastases. Similar characteristics were exhibited by the tumors formed from the injection of cultured cells. The cultured cell lines were also evaluated with respect to a number of in vitro markers for cancer. Cultured CT 26 and CT 51 cells formed tumors at lower inocula than did CT 36. CT 26 and CT 51 showed anchorage-independent growth and lack of contact inhibition, while CT 36 grew as a strict monolayer and did not form colonies in 0.27% agarose. CT 26 had the highest saturation density of the cell lines when grown in media supplemented with either 10 or 2.5% fetal bovine serum, while CT 51 had the lowest saturation density under these conditions. The varying degrees of malignancy exhibited by the three cell lines and the overall retention of the biological characteristics of the parental lines by the cultured lines suggest that the cultured cells (without the contaminating stromal elements present in the serially transplanted lines) will provide suitable material for the investigation of the molecular bases of these malignant characteristics. PMID- 6992982 TI - Electron microscopic autoradiography of the pancreas in the hamster treated with tritiated N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine. AB - Syrian golden hamsters were given a single dose of [3H]-N-nitroso-2,6 dimethylmorpholine and killed 8 hr later. The pancreas was processed for electron microscopic autoradiography to detect binding of radioactivity to cellular constituents. The pancreatic acinar cells and duct epithelia were found to be labeled, while islet cells, centroacinar cells, and all nonepithelial elements were not. Acinar cells active in secreting zymogen had a high concentration of grains over the zymogen granules and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their nonsecreting counterparts contained abundant bound material in the nuclei and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Labeling was lower in the duct epithelia than in acinar cells, with the majority of grains associated with the heterochromatin. Our findings suggest that the acinar cells are the principle site of metabolic activation in this organ. PMID- 6992983 TI - Loss of malignancy during serial passage of human carcinoma in culture and discordance between malignancy and transformation parameters. PMID- 6992985 TI - Prolactin-stimulated growth of cell cultures established from malignant Nb rat lymphomas. AB - A malignant Nb rat lymphoma which in vivo is stimulated by estrogens has been established in suspension culture. The cultured cells grew readily in Fischer's medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (10%) and 2-mercaptoethanol (10(-4) M). If horse serum was substituted for fetal calf serum, population growth ceased; i.e., cultures became "stationary." Such stationary cultures could be induced to resume active growth by the addition of a pituitary hormone, prolactin (ovine, rat); concentrations as low as 10 pg/ml had a detectable effect. In contrast, other pituitary hormones or estrogens had little or no effect. The evidence in this and an accompanying paper suggests that prolactin (or related substances) has a role in the growth of some cancers of lymphoid origin in rats. PMID- 6992984 TI - Effect of tumor promoters on ultraviolet light-induced mutation and mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Recently, it has been suggested that mitotic recombination is involved in tumor promotion. On this basis, one might expect tumor promoters to be recombinagenic. D7 is a diploid strain of yeast in which both mutation and mitotic recombination can be measured. We have used this strain to assay the known tumor promoters, iodoacetate, anthralin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and the cocarcinogen, catechol, for mutagenicity, recombinagenicity, and the ability to enhance ultraviolet light (UV)-induced genetic events. In the absence of preirradiation with UV, iodoacetate was found to be recombinagenic whereas catechol was mutagenic; however, in both cases, the effects were small. Iodoacetate, anthralin, and catechol potentiated UV-induced mitotic crossing over, aberrant colony formation, and mutation, while catechol also increased UV induced gene conversion. We were unable to detect any mutagenic or recombinagenic effect of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in either whole cells or spheroplasts. Our results do not indicate any consistent correlation between tumor-promoting activity and the ability of an agent to induce mitotic recombination in yeast. However, the ability to potentiate UV-induced mutation and mitotic recombination may reflect the cocarcinogenic activity of certain promoters. PMID- 6992986 TI - Effects of arsenic, selenium, and chromium on the fidelity of DNA synthesis. AB - The effect of three environmentally important metals, arsenic, selenium, and chromium, on the accuracy of DNA synthesis in vitro has been analyzed. The addition of arsenic to fidelity assays did not significantly alter accuracy. Selenium did not alter fidelity under normal conditions of magnesium activation, nor did it affect the mutagenicity of manganese. Chromium in the form of Cr(III) as well as Cr(VI) diminished the fidelity by which Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I copies polynucleotide templates. Nearest-neighbor analysis of the product synthesized in the presence of chromium indicates that the misincorporated in the presence of chromium indicates that the misincorporated bases are present as single-base substitutions. Chromium was also mutagenic using the recently developed phi chi 174 assay, which measures the fidelity of DNA synthesis with a natural DNA template. PMID- 6992987 TI - Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the differentiation of avian melanocytes. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been reported to inhibit and/or delay the terminal differentiation of a variety of cell types. More recently, TPA has been reported to enhance melanogenesis in cultured human melanoma cells. This study focuses on the effect of TPA on the differentiation of normal avian melanocytes. TPA blocked melanogenesis in normal replicating presumptive melanoblasts, as well as in replicating pigmented melanocytes derived from the neural crest, the retinal pigment epithelium, and the pecten oculi. These normal embryonic cells not only failed to synthesize melanin but also failed to assemble premelanosomes and to assume either the characteristic dendritic processes of normal trunk melanocytes or the epithelioid morphology of the normal retinal pigment epithelial cell. This inhibition was remarkably reversible. Following removal of TPA, the previously blocked neural crest cells became pigmented and formed their characteristic dendritic processes, whereas the previously blocked retinal cells formed a pigmented epithelium. The effect of TPA on these normal cells was dependent on duration of exposure and degree of differentiation of the cells at the time of exposure. TPA induced the formation of elongated neurite like processes in the amelanotic neural crest cells which differed in their cytoskeletal structure from the dendritic processes of normal trunk melanocytes. These TPA-blocked pigment cells with elongated processes bear a striking morphological resemblance to presumptive myoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts treated with the tumor promoter. PMID- 6992988 TI - Kanematsu Sugiura 1890-1979. PMID- 6992989 TI - Research on esophageal cancer in China: a review. AB - Research on esophageal cancer in the People's Republic of China is reviewed. Massive epidemiological studies revealed the prevalence of this disease in China, especially in the Taihang Mountain range areas in the north. Gullet cancer in chickens was also observed in the high-incidence area of Linxian in Henan, suggesting the presence of cancer-causing substances in the environment. Research on the etiology of this cancer has been pursued extensively. Moldy food and pickled vegetables were shown to contain carcinogens. In chemical etiology, nitrosamines and their precursors have received the most attention. The possible roles of trace element deficiencies in the soil, nutritional deficiencies, fungal infection, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and other factors in contributing to the high cancer incidence have been studied. The esophageal cancer problem has also been investigated at the cellular and immunological levels. Mass cytological surveys allowed many cases of early cancer to be detected and treated. Precancerous changes and the use of interventive therapy have been studied in animal models and patients. Prevention, early detection, and early treatment of this cancer have been pursued vigorously in many areas of China. PMID- 6992990 TI - Distribution of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States between 1950 and 1975. AB - Age-adjusted mortality rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in counties of the contiguous United States were examined by sex and race during 1950 to 1975 and were correlated through 1969 with demographic and industrial data. Mortality was consistently elevated in counties with large populations, especially in those with higher income and education levels. Among males, but not females, elevated rates appeared in counties with high percentages of residents of Russian or Greek descent. A series of contiguous counties with high rates was seen along the coast of California. Lower rates in the South were explained in a multivariate analysis by the generally lower socioeconomic levels in this region. Counties with industrial concentration in food packing showed higher mortality rates among males than did comparable counties without these industries. All regions and all sex-race groups showed an increase over time in mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially reticulum cell sarcoma. PMID- 6992991 TI - Mutagenicity of the dihydrodiols and bay-region diol-epoxides of benzo(c)phenanthrene in bacterial and mammalian cells. PMID- 6992992 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: a brief overview of the mechanism of action of polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, nitrosamines, and aflatoxins. PMID- 6992994 TI - Protease inhibitors in carcinogenesis: possible sites of action. PMID- 6992993 TI - Antiinflammatory steroids: potent inhibitors of tumor promotion. PMID- 6992995 TI - Inhibitory effects of environmental chemicals on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. PMID- 6992996 TI - Interactions of radiation and chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6992998 TI - Nutrition as a modifier of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6992999 TI - Cancer: etiology, mechanisms, and prevention--a summary. PMID- 6992997 TI - Mechanisms of cocarcinogenesis involving endogenous retroviruses. PMID- 6993000 TI - Tumor promotion and preneoplastic progression. PMID- 6993001 TI - Activation and inactivation of carcinogens by microsomal monooxygenases: modification by benzoflavones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6993002 TI - Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by antioxidants. PMID- 6993003 TI - Retinoids and cancer prevention. PMID- 6993004 TI - [Dr. Jiri Rodling - 70 years old (February 14, 1910)]. PMID- 6993005 TI - Development and cytodifferentiation of C cell complexes in dog fetal thyroids. An immunohistochemical study using anti-calcitonin, anti-C-thyroglobulin and anti 19S thyroglobulin antisera. AB - The development of C-cell complexes was investigated in dog fetuses by an immunoperoxidase method with three specific antisera: anti-calcitonin, anti-C thyroglobulin (C-Tg), and anti-19S thyroglobulin. Ultimobranchial bodies joined with the thyroid anlage and then dispersed into the parenchyma to form large C cell groups. Sparse reaction products of C-Tg initially appeared in C cells with small amounts of cytoplasm. Later at about day 39 of gestation, when the immunoreactivity of calcitonin and 19S thyroglobulin appeared weakly in C cells and follicular cells, C-cell complexes were identified as large cell masses containing numerous undifferentiated cells without no immunoreactivity for any of the antisera. As development proceeded, the undifferentiated cells developed progressively the morphology of C cells. In addition, the undifferentiated cells developed 19S thyroglobulin immunoreactivity, that is, within some of the complexes small clusters of cells filled with material immunoreactive for 19S thyroglobulin. They were not organized into follicles during the fetal period, and were very slow in development. Depending on the degree of development of the undifferentiated cells, several features of the complexes were noted. The present study indicates that not only C cells but also follicular thyroid cells appear to be derived from the ultimobranchial bodies. PMID- 6993006 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and growth hormone in the porcine pituitary. AB - The immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to identify prolactin- and growth hormone-producing cells in the porcine pituitary at the ultrastructural level. The growth hormone-producing cells contain round secretory granules (300 nm to 500 nm in diameter). The prolactin-producing cells can be identified by their distinct round and ovoid secretory granules which vary in size. Most of these cells contain large granules (450 nm to 750 nm in diameter), but some prolactin-producing cells display smaller secretory granules (250 nm to 500 nm). The two hormones were localized exclusively in the secretory granules. Staining for prolactin was observed in round and ovoid granules, as well as in small and polymorphic granules within the Golgi complex. This study confirmed (i) that the two hormones are located in different cells, and (ii) that under normal physiological conditions no one cell can synthesize and store both hormones simultaneously. PMID- 6993007 TI - Multiple methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins during adaptation of E. coli to chemical stimuli. AB - In bacterial chemotaxis, adaptation is correlated with methylation or demethylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). Each protein migrates as a characteristic set of multiple bands in sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The changes in MCP methylation that accompany adaptation are not the same for all bands of a set. Adaptation to a type II repellent stimulus results in an overall decrease in MCP II methylation, but also in an increase in the amount of radioactive methyl groups in the upper band of the set. We demonstrate that this increase is not due to new methylation, but rather to reduced electrophoretic mobility of previously methylated molecules that have lost some but not all of their methyl groups. We suggest that the pattern of multiple bands is a direct reflection of multiple sites for methylation on MCP molecules, and that the distribution of radiolabel among the bands is determined by the total extent of methylation. The patterns of methylated peptides produced by limited proteolysis of different MCP bands imply that methylation of the multiple sites on a molecule may occur in a specific order. PMID- 6993008 TI - Mutations affecting RNA splicing and the interaction of gene expression of the yeast mitochondrial loci cob and oxi-3. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains KL14-4A and 777-3A, four intervening sequences of 1900 (l alpha beta), 1400 (l beta gamma), 1300 (l gamma delta) and 650 bp (l delta epsilon) separate the five coding sequences (alpha-epsilon) of the structural gene (cob) for cytochrome b. Its major transcript is an 18S RNA (2200 nucleotides) which is likely to be the functional mRNA. The lengths of a series of larger transcripts and their hybridization with probes specific for different intervening sequences are consistent with their being intermediates in a splicing process which generates 18S RNA from a giant primary transcript (greater than or equal to 7.5 kb) covering the whole cob region. There is no absolute order of splicing. The intervening sequence l alpha beta is excised in two stages. The first generates a stable 10S RNA, coded for by sequences immediately downstream of the 18S RNA coding segment alpha. The function of this RNA is unknown. Its excision is an early step in processing, whereas excision of the remainder of l alpha beta is a late event. We have studied four cytochrome b deficient mutants. These map in intervening sequences and are splicing-defective. They accumulate 22S-28S RNAs which contain one or more intervening sequences. The l alpha beta mutants synthesize long, novel polypeptides, antigenically related to cytochrome b, possibly as a result of read-through into the intervening sequences. Several cob mutants also display alterations in their transcripts of oxi-3, the locus which codes for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. This indicates that interactions between cob and oxi-3 exist at the level of RNA processing. PMID- 6993009 TI - Splice point sequence and transcripts of the intervening sequence in the mitochondrial 21S ribosomal RNA gene of yeast. AB - By S1 nuclease mapping we have located the intervening sequence in the large ribosomal RNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae omega+ strains 570 bp from the 3' end of the rRNA gene. No intervening sequence was detected at this position in S. carlsbergensis, but the sequences of the mature 21S rRNAs of these two strains appear to be identical in this region. By comparing the DNA sequence of the region of the intervening sequence in an omega+ strain with the corresponding sequence in S. carlsbergensis, we have determined the splice points of the 21S rRNA gene. These sequences show no homology with splice points in nuclear and viral genes or with the splice points in the chloroplast 23S rRNA gene of Chlamydomonas. The external borders of the splice points have a complementary sequence in the intervening sequence. The largest transcript hybridizing with the probe of the intervening sequence has a size corresponding to that expected for an rRNA precursor still containing the intervening sequence; the smallest transcript corresponds in size to the intervening sequence itself. PMID- 6993010 TI - Proteolytic processing of histone H3 in chromatin: a physiologically regulated event in Tetrahymena micronuclei. AB - Micronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila contain two electrophoretically distinct forms of histone H3. The slower migrating micronuclear species, H3S, is indistinguishable from the macronuclear H3 by electrophoretic analyses in three gel systems and by partial proteolytic peptide mapping. The faster species, H3F, is unique to micronuclei. Pulse-chase experiments with radioactive amino acids show that H3S is a precursor to H3F. We present evidence that the in vivo processing of H3S into H3F requires cell growth and/or division and may occur regularly each generation at a specific point in the cell cycle. The processing event must occur after H3F is deposited on micronuclear chromatin, since both H3S and H3F can be isolated from sucrose gradient-purified mononucleosomes (Allis, Glover and Gorovsky, 1979). Partial proteolytic peptide mapping coupled with 3H-N ethylmaleimide labeling suggest that the processing event involves a proteolytic cleavage from the amino terminal end of H3F. Automated sequence analyses of 14C lysine-labeled macronuclear H3 together with either 3H-lysine-labeled H3S or H3F demonstrated that H3F is derived from H3S by a proteolytic cleavage which removes six residues from the amino terminus. These observations represent the first demonstration of a physiologically regulated proteolytic processing event in histone metabolism. PMID- 6993011 TI - Illegal transposition of mating-type genes in yeast. PMID- 6993012 TI - Collagen synthesis in cultures of differentiating neural crest cells. AB - Neural crest cells from the cranial region of chick embryos were cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum in which they differentiate into melanocytes or in the presence of horse serum in which they differentiate into neuron-like cells. Undifferentiated cultures, as well as pigmented and neuronal cultures, incorporated [14C]proline into types I and III collagen and into non-collagenous proteins. When cells differentiated into melanocytes, the ratio of collagen to non-collagenous protein did not change. In contrast, in cultures where a portion of the cells differentiated into neuron-like cells, the ratio of collagen to non collagenous protein was reduced. Indirect immunofluorescence studies using specific antibodies against collagen or procollagen types I, II, III, and IV demonstrated that undifferentiated neural crest cells, melanocytes and neuron like cells stained only with antibody to type III procollagen, while fibroblastic cells present in some cultures stained only with antibody to type I procollagen. Our results demonstrate that although the types of collagen synthesized by neural crest cells do not change with time in culture, the relative amounts of collagen may reflect the pathway of differentiation of the cells. PMID- 6993013 TI - Assessment of shedding and reexpression of surface immunoglobulin and Ia-like antigen on human blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6993014 TI - Specific and nonspecific infiltration of sponge matrix allografts by specifically sensitized cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 6993015 TI - The facilitation of enduring engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow and avoidance of secondary disease in mice. PMID- 6993016 TI - Evidence for the presence of precursor B cells in normal and in hormonally bursectomized chick embryos. PMID- 6993017 TI - A morphologic analysis of insulin binding sites in isolated rat liver nuclei. AB - Under conditions which demonstrated a high degree of specific 125I-insulin binding to purified plasmalemma, no specific binding could be found in freshly prepared nuclei. Analysis of light and electron microscope radioautographs of nuclei incubated with 125I-insulin with and without additional excess unlabeled insulin also failed to provide any evidence for 125I-insulin binding to rat liver nuclei in vitro. It is concluded that current methods are too insensitive to detect insulin receptors in nuclei (if indeed such receptors exist in this organelle to any appreciable extent. PMID- 6993018 TI - Hormonal requirements of baby hamster kidney cells in culture. AB - Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) were able to proliferate in the complete absence of serum in synthetic medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor on cell culture dishes coated with fibronectin. Although the addition of individual supplements had little or no effect on cell growth, the combination of the supplements resulted in a significant synergistic effect. The defined medium was also capable of supporting the clonal growth of BHK cells in the absence of serum. Studies on the effect of hormonal supplementation in the presence of low concentrations of fetal calf serum suggest that the function of serum is to supply hormones and growth factors for cell growth. PMID- 6993020 TI - [Aging. Effect on cell levels]. PMID- 6993019 TI - Characterization of actin microfilaments at the apical pole of thyroid cells. AB - In thyroid cells (rat or hog), actin has been detected by immunofluorescence with an antiactin antibody and, in electron microscopy by decoration "in situ" with heavy meromyosin. The antibody as the heavy meromyosin method have shown that actin microfilaments are especially localized at the apical pole of the cells, in a region where thin filaments are usually observed by conventional methods of electron microscopy. These microfilaments are attached to the apical membrane at the ends of the microvilli and form dense bundles at their cores. They are polarized towards the interior of the cell. Decorated filaments are also organized in a clear network, parallel to the apical membrane; they are associated with microvillar bundles, but also with small apical vesicles and lateral membranes, in tight or gap junctions. PMID- 6993022 TI - [On the death of Dr. Vladislav Kruty]. PMID- 6993023 TI - [The first roentgenologist of Moravia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993021 TI - [Ascorbic acid and the steroid glands]. PMID- 6993024 TI - Comparative mutagenicity of linear and angular furocoumarins in Escherichia coli strains deficient in known repair functions. AB - Four furocoumarins, two having a linear molecule, psoralen and 8-methyl-psoralen and two having an angular molecule, angelicin and 4,5'-dimethyl-angelicin were tested for mutagenesis in Escherichia coli B wild type and in various strains deficient in known repair systems. The results indicate that both monoadducts and crosslinks are mutagenic. The mutagenic efficiency of the furocourmarins ranks in the following order 8-methylpsoralen psoralen greater than angelicin greater than 4,5'-dimethylangelicin. PMID- 6993025 TI - Mutagenic activation of 2,4-diaminoanisole and 2-amino-fluorene by isolated rat liver nuclei and microsomes. PMID- 6993026 TI - Formation and excision of nitrofuran-DNA adducts in Escherichia coli. AB - When Escherichia coli were incubated with the strong mutagen 2[14C]2-amino-4-(5 nitro-2 furyl)-thiazole (ANFT) radioactivity became tightly and presumably covalently bound to DNA. Hydrolysis of the DNA with nucleases yielded low molecular weight radioactive material. The bound radioactivity was associated with at least two functionally and chemically distinct adducts. One of these was rapidly removed in uvr+ E. coli while the other was more persistent. Analysis of enzymatic hydrolysates on a Dowex AG 50W-X4 column showed that the 'excisable adducts' were chromatographically different from most of the persistent ones. ANFT caused daughter-strand gaps when the DNA of treated cells was replicated, provided this DNA contained excisable adducts. In situations where removal of these adducts was complete no gaps were found in newly synthesized DNA. 3-[14C]2 (2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide (AF2) (another strongly mutagenic nitrofuran) became bound to the DNA of E. coli WP2 uvrA to a slightly greater extent than did [14C]ANFT. In contrast, [14C]nitrofurazone (the semicarbazide of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde) a much weaker mutagen, gave considerably less binding. With AF2 and ANFT there was roughly the same relation between the amount of adduct formed and the subsequent yield of daughter strand gaps when the DNA replicated while with nitrofurazone the yield of gaps per adduct was somewhat lower. Incubation in vitro of [14C]ANFT with DNA in the presence of an E. coli nitrofuran reductase preparation also resulted in the binding of 14C to DNA. PMID- 6993027 TI - Nitrofuran induced mutagenesis and error prone repair in Escherichia coli. AB - Nitrofuran derivatives are a class of compounds which exhibit mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in bacteria and mammalian cells in tissue culture after metabolic activation by endogenous nitroreductases. The relationship between mutation and induction of pleiotropic error-prone repair functions (the 'SOS' system) in bacteria following exposure to nitrofurans was examined. A variety of nitrofurans were found to induce protein X, the recA+ protein, which is characteristic of error-prone repair. Furthermore, induction of the 'SOS' system depended on reductive activation of the mutagen. The use of a mutant thermally inducible for error-prone repair functions (tif-1) provided direct examination of bacteria exposed to non-lethal doses of nitrofuran. These results distinguish between mutants which arose from directly induced base mispairing and those which occur only after induction of error-prone repair functions. The mutational activity of AF2 (furylfuramide) was almost entirely dependent on the induction of error-prone repair since very few tryptophan revertants were detected in conditions which did not induced the 'SOS' repair system. We present a model for mutation induction by nitrofurans in bacteria. PMID- 6993028 TI - Factors effecting the induction of bacterial mutations by dimethylnitrosamine in mice. PMID- 6993029 TI - Changes in O6-methylguanine disappearance from rat liver DNA during chronic dimethylnitrosamine administration. A possible similarity between the system removing O6-methylguanine from DNA in rat liver and in Escherichia coli adapted to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 6993030 TI - Studies on monocomponent insulin. IV. Subcutaneous absorption of insulin from preparations with protracted action. PMID- 6993033 TI - Minimal breast cancer. Is excisional biopsy alone adequate treatment? PMID- 6993032 TI - Synthesis of glycerophospholipids. AB - Recent advances in the synthesis of phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines are described. Methods for the synthesis of some alkylacyl and alk-1-enylacyl analogues of the common diacylglycerophospholipids are also discussed. In addition, synthetic routes are described, that lead to unusual phospholipids such as compounds containing the polar group at position 2 of the glycerol moiety, glycerophospholipids containing alkanolamines of different chain lengths, and glycolphospholipids. All of the common glycerophospholipids can be prepared without the use of protecting groups. Major advances in phospholipid synthesis involve the application of novel phosphorylating agents and the use of cyclic intermediates. Although phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylthreonines as well as phosphatidylglycerols and cardiolipins can be prepared by chemical synthesis, further systematic studies are required to work out procedures that lead to these compounds in high yields. PMID- 6993031 TI - Effect of alloxan on the incorporation of D-glucose into cultured pancreatic endocrine cells of the rat. PMID- 6993034 TI - The dilemma of adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 6993035 TI - Chemo-immunotherapy with levamisole in metastatic breast carcinoma: a controlled clinical trial. AB - A randomized prospectively controlled trial assessing the value of levamisole in patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast is reported. Patients randomized to the chemo-immunotherapy group received levamisole 2.5 mg/kg orally for 2 consecutive days each week while off chemotherapy, which consisted of the standard regiment of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Seventy-seven patients were assessable, 38 patients in the chemo-immunotherapy arm and 39 patients in the chemotherapy alone arm. Of the 38 patients in the chemo-immunotherapy, 18 (47.3%) experienced a complete or partial response compared to 18 (46.1%) in the chemotherapy alone group. The median duration of response in both groups of patients was approximately 15 months. The median duration of survival in the chemo immunotherapy group was 21 months and in the chemotherapy alone group has not yet been reached but is at least 21 months. Levamisole was generally well tolerated, but in the dosage and scheduling did not appear to improve the results of the chemotherapy. It is suggested that efforts should be directed to increasing the complete response rate with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to provide the best setting for immunotherapy trials. PMID- 6993036 TI - Effect of excision repair on the mutagenesis of misonidazole. AB - The mutagenic and toxic effects of the nitroimidazole hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) have been studied in two strains of E. coli that differ in their abilities to repair DNA. It was found that even though the strain defective in excision repair was only slightly more sensitive than the original wild-type strain to killing by misonidazole, a large difference in the mutagenesis of the two strains was observed. While the wild-type strain was not mutated by misonidazole at any of the concentrations tested, the uvr strain was strongly mutated by the drug. This demonstrates the presence of a mutagenic lesion in DNA that is removed by excision repair. PMID- 6993037 TI - Hormonal responses during intense exercise preceded by glucose ingestion. AB - In this study the metabolic and endocrine responses during and after intense exercise (80% VO2max) were investigated under a) normal conditions b) diminished intra-muscular carbohydrate supplies, and c) an augmented supply of blood glucose. For this purpose four experimental conditions were employed, rest (R), rest with glucose ingestion (RG), exercise (E), and exercise with glucose ingestion (EG). On the exercise days the subjects exercised twice for 30 min with 2 hour rest between each bout. When glucose was ingested 15 min prior to exercise an accelerated glucose decrease occurred in the first 15 min of exercise (-35 mg/100 ml) (P less than 0.05). Insulin concentrations also decreased sharply throughout this exercise period (EG) (P less than 0.05). After exercise, an insulin rebound occurred in EG that was not observed after exercise in E. In EG, min (180-210) the exercise-induced GH increase was diminished (P less than 0.05) in comparison to the response observed during E. No differences were found in the cortisol responses during or after E and EG. (P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that moderate muscle and hepatic glycogen loss, induced several hours prior to exercise, does not alter the responses of cortisol, GH and insulin during exercise. Increasing the available glucose prior to exercise does not alter the cortisol or insulin responses during exercise but the diminished GH concentrations suggest that the release of this hormone is attenuated directly or indirectly by glucose and/or insulin. PMID- 6993039 TI - Insulin action and binding in adipocytes exposed to endotoxin in vitro and in vivo. AB - We investigated in vitro and in vivo effects of endotoxin on glucose oxidation and insulin binding in rat adipocytes. Exposure of adipocytes to endotoxin (500 micrograms/ml) in vitro resulted in 48% increase in basal glucose oxidation after 30 minutes, 63% and 65% increase after 90 and 150 minutes, respectively. Adipocytes from rats injected 6 hours previously with endotoxin IV (2 mg/100 gm) also showed elevated (42%) basal glucose oxidation. Both the absolute levels of stimulation and sensitivity to insulin stimulation were less than in control cells. A tendency for higher insulin binding affinity at low ambient insulin concentrations was noted. At higher insulin concentrations this difference disappeared. Our results demonstrate an insulin-like effect of endotoxin, as well as perturbation by endotoxin of insulin action at the cellular level. Changes in receptor affinity are also suggested, implying that the insulin receptor may be a site for modulation of target cell sensitivity in endotoxemia. PMID- 6993038 TI - Is there a role for radiotherapy in localized diffuse lymphomas? PMID- 6993040 TI - The regulation of intrarenal blood flow in the dog during ischemia. PMID- 6993041 TI - Antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients, various other pulmonary diseases and healthy controls. Both the prevalence and the mean titre of antibodies were significantly higher in farmers' lung patients than in the other groups. There was no difference between controls and patients with bronchial asthma or non allergic pulmonary diseases. On the other hand, in the group of patients with respiratory diseases of undefined aetiology the mean antibody titre was significantly higher than that of the controls. Comparison of ELISA and the precipitin test showed the higher sensitivity of ELISA, but otherwise the two tests were in a close agreement. PMID- 6993042 TI - Assay of IgE antibodies against June and Timothy grasses by an immunoperoxidase technique. AB - The results of eighty assays for serum IgE antibodies against June and Timothy grass antigens with a solid-phase immunoperoxidase technique are correlated with those obtained with the RAST procedure. The allergens were insolubilized in polystyrene microtitre plates. After allowing the allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the test serum to bind the allergen, the plates were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit antihuman IgE. The enzyme bound to the plates was assayed spectrophotometrically using o-phenylene diamine as the substrate. The coefficients of variation for within-batch reproducibility ranged from 4.57 to 11.97%, and those for between-batch variance from 8.25 to 13.7%. The slope of absorbance values of the immunoperoxidase assay is shallower than that of the bound radioactivity in the RAST technique. Notwithstanding, the immunoperoxidase method allows separation of non-atopic controls from the sera containing specific IgE antibodies and categorization of positive sera into weakly, moderatley, and strongly positive results. Free of the disadvantages inherent in the use of radioactive material, this assay offers an alternative to the RAST test for the assay of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. PMID- 6993043 TI - Environmental factors in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Many workers have suggested that exposure to an environment rich in Aspergillus spores is aetiologically significant in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This hypothesis has been investigated by means of an environmental survey in which eight urban dwelling patients with this disease and five atopic control patients took part. Enquiries were made about contact with known sources of Aspergillus fumigatus and air spora studies were conducted in the home. Findings were similar for both groups. No high spore concentrations were recorded in the homes of either group. Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis had not been more exposed to potentially rich sources of A. fumigatus than the atopic control patients. The view is expressed that specific host susceptibility is more important in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis than environmental factors. Ince a patient is sensitized however minor increases in spore concentration can cause symptomatic disease producing the recognized winter exacerbations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Possible mechanisms allowing the development of the disease in the presence of low spore concentrations are discussed. PMID- 6993044 TI - Skin tests with tuberculin (PPD) Candida albicans and Trichophyton spp. in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestos related lung disease. AB - Delayed skin hypersensitivity responses were elicited in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) (twenty-eight), asbestosis (eight), mesothelioma (eight) and a "control" group, having miscellaneous lung diseases not normally believed to be associated with T cell deficiency (twenty). Three antigens, Candida albicans, trichophyton and purified protein derivative (PPD) in a range of doses were used. There was no evidence of impaired cellular immunity in CFA or in mesothelioma, indeed there was a significantly increased frequency of reactions to PPD in both of these conditions (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively). There was, however, a trend of decreased responsiveness in the group with asbestosis. The dosage regimen used rarely gave completely negative results (only one of thirty-two completed tests), and may provide a basis for a simple and standard regimen for screening patients suspected of having defective T cell responses. PMID- 6993045 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of urinary oxalate. AB - We describe a simple, rapid method for determining urinary oxalate: isolation by precipitation with calcium chloride and conversion to dimethyl oxalate, which then is measured by gas chromatography. To each sample, tracer amounts of 14C labeled oxalic acid are added, to determine the analytical recovery of urinary oxalate. Analytical recovery of [14C]oxalic acid added to urine specimens ranged from 15 to 95% (mean, 80%), and corrected recovery, based on calculation isotope dilution techniques, ranged from 98 to 100%. The urinary excretion of oxalic acid by 18 normal men, ages 23 to 43 years, ranged between 9 and 23 mg/24h, with a mean value of 16 mg; that by 68 patients with small-bowel bypass ranged from 60 to 210 mg/24 h, with a mean of 127 mg. PMID- 6993046 TI - Two-site immunofluorometric assay for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). AB - We describe an immunoassay for human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein by use of fluorescein-labeled antibodies to this protein. The technique is generally similar to that of a "two-site" immunoradiometric assay but has the advantage of stability of tracer and avoidance of radiation hazard. However, the procedure requires relatively large quantities of antibody. Furthermore, the within-assay coefficient of variation (11.8%) is greater than that for radioimmunoassay (6.5%). This results from imprecision of the end-point detection, and some inherent difficulties in optimizing a "two-site" immunometric system. Concentrations of endogenous material as measured by the fluorometric assay are 1.9-fold higher than those obtained with radioimmunoassay, probably because the former detects multiple forms of this heterogeneous material. PMID- 6993047 TI - [A study of the single radial haemolysis optimization for complement haemolytic activity assay (author's transl)]. AB - The experimental conditions for single radial haemolysis are analysed in order to optimize the haemolytic plate method for the assay of human total complement. The amount of haemolytic antibody used for sensitization of red cells, the concentration of sensitized sheep erythrocytes, the thickness of agarose layer, and the diameters of wells all exercise an influence on the area of haemolysis. The effects of these parameters are investigated with a view to obtaining the clearest reading and greatest sensitivity of the haemolytic activity plate method, and at the same time verifying the validity of the assay and the precision of the human serum haemolytic titres. This work reports the optimal experimental requirements with regard to the factors studied for minimizing the sources of error in complement haemolytic plate assay. PMID- 6993048 TI - Peptide hydrolases of the human small intestinal mucosa: distribution of activities between brush border membranes and cytosol. AB - Brush border membranes from frozen human small intestine have been purified using a method which did not involve the use of EDTA-containing buffers or the disruption of brush border fragments with high concentrations of Tris. On average a 24-fold increase in specific activity of alpha-glucosidase (brush border marker) was obtained in the final preparation which contained insignificant traces of enzyme marker activities from cytosol and lysosomes. The homogenates of human small intestinal mucosa were shown to contain enzymes capable of hydrolysing di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides as well as amino acid- and peptide-2 nephthylamides. Assuming a 100% location of alpha-glucosidase in the brush border membrane, distribution studies indicated that activities against tetrapeptides and leucyl-2-naphthylamide were located exclusively in the brush border membrane. A large proportion of activity against alpha-glutamyl-2-naphthylamide, gamma glutamyl-2-naphthylamide and glycyl-prolyl-2-naphthylamide were also recovered in the brush border membrane fraction. Depending on the substrate utilized, 33-87% of tripeptidase activity was located in the brush border membrane. However, 58 87% of dipeptidase activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. PMID- 6993049 TI - Peptide hydrolases of the human small intestinal mucosa: identification of six distinct enzymes in the brush border membrane. AB - For this investigation highly purified brush border membranes from human small intestine, prepared according to the method described in the preceding paper [1], have been used. Solubilisation of brush border membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate, Triton X-100 and papain followed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels revealed six distinct peptide hydrolases. These included the enzymes aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.-), gamma-glutamultranspeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) and aminopeptidase M (EC 3.4.11.2), which were clearly separable on polyacrylamide gels after solubilisation with Triton X-100 or papain. Activity recovered in the aminopeptidase M peak in the above gel system could be resolved into two distinct peptidases in addition to aminopeptidase M, by SDS-gel-electrophoresis. One of these peptidases was most active towards aliphatic tripeptide (aminopeptidase 1) while the other appeared to be specific for dipeptides (aminopeptidase 2). PMID- 6993050 TI - Enzymatic activities on purine pyrimidine metabolism in nine mycoplasma species contaminating cell cultures. AB - The study of mycoplasma enzymes involved in nucleotide degradation and base salvage pathways allowed determination of enzyme profiles for some species. The activity of adenosine phosphorylase seems to be the biochemical test of choice to detect mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures. All mycoplasmas tested had a very high level of activity compared to very low activity in human cell cultures, rendering the technic sensitive even at a low degree of contamination. PMID- 6993052 TI - Comparison of amino acid concentrations in amniotic fluid from fetal neural tube defective and normal pregnancies. AB - Amniotic fluid collected during the second trimester of pregnancy was analysed for amino acid and protein concentrations. The composition of amniotic fluid from pregnancies complicated by fetal anencephaly or spina bifida was investigated for variance from normal amniotic fluid. In spina bifida the hydroxy amino acids were raised whilst the branched chain amino acids were lower in concentration. In anencephaly the total amino acid and the protein concentrations were raised, and a wider range of concentrations for most of the amino acids was apparent. PMID- 6993051 TI - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus: an analysis of factors which influence its concentration. AB - The study assesses whether diabetes has an effect on serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration independent of other factors known to influence serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Concentrations of serum HDL cholesterol, serum cholesterol, serum M particles and blood sugar, and the proportion of haemoglobin in the form of HbA1 were measured in a diabetic and a non-diabetic polulation. Relative body weight, alcohol and cigarette consumption, age, a clinical estimate of diabetic control and duration of disbetes were also recorded. The diabetic patients were divided into those in whom insulin treatment was clinically indicated and those in whom it was not. Serum HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in diabetic men treated with insulin than in normal men and also higher in diabetic women treated with insulin than in normal women. In the diabetic men and women not treated with insulin, serum HDL cholesterol concentration was not significantly different from normal. There were differences between the diabetic and non-diabetic populations in terms of factors known to influence serum HDL cholesterol and also in the degree of correlation between these and the serum HDL cholesterol. Multivariate analysis revealed that in both male and female diabetic patients treated with insulin, diabetes was a highly significant influence on serum HDL cholesterol concentration, but in the non-insulin-treated diabetic patients the influence was absent in women and only marginal in men. The proportion of HbA1 influenced serum HDL cholesterol concentration negatively in insulin-treated diabetes but not in diabetes treated without insulin. PMID- 6993053 TI - Bomocriptine treatment of patients with acromegaly resistant to conventional therapy. AB - Eleven patients with active acromegaly resistant to conventional therapy were treated with bromocriptine for 15 (12--22) months by increasing the daily dose stepwise from 5 to 10--60 mg. A satisfactory response was achieved in all but one of the eight patients, in whom the mean diurnal level of serum GH was less than 50 ng/ml, whereas patients with grossly elevated serum GH levels responded poorly. In the longterm, no overall effects on glucose tolerance or plasma insulin (IRI) levels were observed but the chemical diabetes of three patients ameliorated in two. On the other hand, a dose-dependent acute suppressive effect of bromocriptine on plasma IRI response to oral glucose was observed, suggesting a direct effect of bromocriptine on the release of insulin from beta cells. Bromocriptine seems to be a good alternative in the treatment of patients with acromegaly who have not responded to conventional therapy. PMID- 6993054 TI - [Adipocyte reactivity in relation to obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993055 TI - [An endocrine structure found by M. Segi (1935) on intestinal villi of the human fetus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993056 TI - [Segi's cap (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993057 TI - [Basic and clinical investigation of the Konsul cortisol kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993058 TI - Aetiological theories of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6993059 TI - Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6993060 TI - Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6993061 TI - Operation in inflammatory bowel disease: indications and type. PMID- 6993062 TI - Affinity, cross-reactivity and biological effectiveness of rabbit antibodies against a synthetic 37 amino acid C-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - As a part of a programme to develop a fertility regulating vaccine, antibodies specific for human chorionic gonadotrophin were raised by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic 37 amino acid C-terminal peptide of beta hCG conjugated to tetanus toxoid as carrier, and using Bordetella pertussis or Freund's complete adjuvant as adjuvants. Lack of cross-reactivity of the antibodies with human luteinizing hormone was determined by direct binding in a radioimmunoassay and by immunofluorescence on adult human pituitary sections. Not only did the antibodies bind to native hormone in a radioimmunoassay but they also neutralized the biological activity of hCG as measured by an in vivo bioassay. Rabbits which had been injected with the conjugate with B. pertussis as adjuvant made antibodies of comparable affinity to those animals which had been immunized with the antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant, though the latter group did produce more antibodies. PMID- 6993063 TI - A population survey of pancreatic islet cell antibodies. AB - A population study on pancreatic islet cell antibodies (pica) among 3766 people from the town of Busselton, Western Australia showed that such antibodies were infrequent, the 'classical' insulin-dependent diabetes associated islet cell antibody being present in less than 0.01%. Pancreatic islet cell antibodies in this population were not associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and ten known insulin-dependent diabetics did not have these antibodies. These results for an unselected population are in sharp contrast with those derived from studies on highly selected hospital patients. PMID- 6993064 TI - The detection of circulating immune complexes in renal transplant patients. AB - The Raji cell assay and radiolabelled Clq binding method were used to detect circulating immune complexes in the sera of renal transplant patients. Complexes were found in seven of twelve patients using the Raji cell assay; only one serum sample was positive by the Clq method. In five patients the complexes were detected prior to the clinical diagnosis of rejection and in those in whom treatment reversed the rejection the complexes rapidly disappeared. The presence of complexes correlated with a vascular type of rejection characterised by fibrin deposits in the glomeruli in the absence of immunoglobulin or C3 deposits. In two patients, in whom anti red cell antibodies were present, irreversible rejection occurred without the presence of detectable complexes in the sera. PMID- 6993065 TI - Autosensitization and immune complexes in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Argument exists as to whether platelet damage in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is mediated by an autoimmune response to platelet antigen or by immune complexes. We have studied thirty-nine patients with ITP for evidence of (i) sensitization to platelet antigen, using a macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) assay, (ii) circulating immune complexes, using a Clq deviation technique, and (iii) serum-induced platelet 'immunoinjury', using a 3H serotonin release assay. Eighty-one per cent of the patient group had a migration index of less than 0.8 (normal range 0.8-1.3), while 91% of those tested had a serum factor (presumably immune complexes) which bound to labelled Clq. The serotonin release assay was abnormal in 32% of twenty-two patients, and the results of this test bore no clear relationship to either those of the Clq deviation test or the MIF results. We conclude that most patients with ITP are sensitized to platelet-associated antigen, and have circulating immune complexes. The contribution of these factors to platelet destruction and the nature of the antigen in the complexes remain to be demonstrated. The serotonin release assay is less sensitive, non-specific, and has limited value in the diagnosis of ITP. PMID- 6993066 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in Treponema pallidum infected rabbits: in vitro response of splenic and lymph node lymphocytes to mitogens and specific antigens. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Treponema pallidum infected rabbits respond poorly to mitogen and specific antigens when cultured in the presence of autologous serum. Reactivity of lymphocytes from the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes of T. pallidum infected rabbits have therefore been examined by lymphocyte transformation using the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) and extracts of T. pallidum. Spleen cell populations, both T cell enriched (by nylon wool elution) and non-nylon wool treated, which respond to T. pallidum as early as ten days post infection in normal serum, were suppressed in responses to T. pallidum when cultured in autologous serum. The same lymphocytes responded normally to PHA and Con A. Lymph node cells from infected rabbits responded normally to both T. pallidum antigen and mitogens in either autologous or normal rabbit serum. These data indicate that splenic lymphocytes are sensitive to regulatory factors in autologous serum during the early stages of T. pallidum infection whereas lymph node cells are not. PMID- 6993067 TI - Identification of cells expressing T and p28,33 (Ia-like) antigens in sections of human lymphoid tissue. AB - A method has been developed for identifying human lymphocyte populations in tissue sections using hetero-antisera to T cells and to the B cell associated Ia like, p28,33 polypeptide complex. The differential topographical localisation of T and B cells is revealed by simultaneous staining with antibodies tagged with different fluorochromes; this approach also identifies a small population of T cells bearing Ia-like antigens. Preliminary studies on lymphomatous tissue suggests this approach will be of value in the study of malignancy and cellular infiltration in disease. PMID- 6993068 TI - Direct Coombs antiglobulin reactions in Gambian children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. II. Specificity of erythrocyte-bound IgG. AB - The cause of direct Coombs (DAT) positivity in West African (Gambian) children has been investigated. Results obtained from a comparison of two groups of primary school children, one from an area hyperendemic for P. falciparum malaria and the other partially protected from malaria, indicate an association between a high incidence of DAT positivity and P. falciparum parasitaemia with raised serum antibody titres to falciparum schizonts. Erythrocytes taken from children with a high IgG DAT titre were subjected to acid elution and the eluates examined for IgG content and antigen specificity. Eluted IgG had specific antibody activity against P. falciparum schizont antigen as demonstrated by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Cross-reaction was not observed with either P. falciparum gametocytes or P. malariae schizonts. No blood group specificity could be demonstrated in either the red cell eluates or serum taken from children with DAT positive red cells. The results provide convincing evidence which implicates falciparum malaria in the aetiology of Coombs positivity in Gambian children. It is probable that erythrocyte sensitization results from passive attachment of circulating complement-fixing malaria antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6993069 TI - Antitubulin antibody in healthy adults and patients with infectious mononucleosis and its relationship to smooth muscle antibody (SMA). AB - Antibody to tubulin in man has been studied using a specific radioimmunoassay, affinity chromatography radioimmunoassay but markedly increased levels were noted in patients with infectious mononucleosis where the antibody was predominantly IgM in type. This finding was confirmed on fluorescence microscopy. Affinity chromatography purified antibody produced characteristic microtubular staining of fixed 3T3 cells, but in addition, produced weak staining of cryostat sections of rat tissue, similar in distribution to that of smooth muscle antibody. Our studies indicate that the IgM smooth muscle antibody found in infectious mononucleosis by IF techniques is at least in part due to an antitubulin antibody. PMID- 6993070 TI - Altered polyvinylpyrrolidone clearance and immune responsiveness caused by small dietary changes. AB - The introduction of 25 mg of a new protein antigen into the diets of mice produced transient increases in PVP clearance which reached a maximum 60 hr after the change of diet and had disappeared by 4 days. At the same time the immune responsiveness to unrelated antigens given parenterally was also raised transiently, reaching a peak 5 days following the change and disappearing by 7 days. In contrast the responsiveness to the fed antigen was diminished. PMID- 6993071 TI - Immune systems of human nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils: histomorphometry of lymphoid components and quantification of immunoglobulin-producing cells in health and disease. PMID- 6993072 TI - Cellular hypersensitivity to tuberculin in BCG-revaccinated persons studied by skin reactivity, leucocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Some persons seem to lose long-standing peripheral hypersensitivity to tuberculin earlier than others. This was seen in a group of five healthy student nurses who had been BCG-vaccinated as children and were found, in routine skin testing, to be negative to 100 TU of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). They were revaccinated, which resulted in conversion to 10 TU skin test positivity. In agreement with this, their buffy coat cells achieved reactivity to 100 microgram/ml of PPD in a leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) assay. However, the LIF response, being maximal at 4 weeks, faded away earlier than skin reactivity. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation was studied with several PPD concentrations, 10 microgram/ml always inducing the maximum 3H-thymidine uptake. This was still high at 6 months after vaccination, when the skin reactions tended to be smaller than earlier. The reason why the various parameters of cellular hypersensitivity followed different courses is not known, but it may involve different subpopulations of lymphocytes, activity of suppressor cells or influence by serum factors such as mycobacterial antigen antibody complexes. PMID- 6993073 TI - Hidden anti-nuclear antibodies in rheumatic diseases. AB - Hidden anti-nuclear antibodies are demonstrated by immunofluorescence using smears of rat nuclei as substrate and rat liver section technique when sera are incubated with penicillamine. The non-detection of hidden anti-nuclear antibodies by tissue sections in the absence of a splitting agent may be due to the formation of high molecular weight complexes between rheumatoid factors and anti nuclear antibodies. These high molecular weight complexes containing anti-nuclear antibodies do not have access to tissue nuclear antigens, but can react directly with free nuclei. It is postulated that anti-nuclear antibodies may represent the early pathway of both rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases. The demonstration of hidden anti-nuclear antibodies in seropositive sera indicates that rheumatoid factors may have a protective effect. It may explain dissimilarities observed in the clinico-immunological profile of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The splitting effect of penicillamine observed in vitro may be similar in vivo. It can explain clinical improvement and immunological side effects observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with this drug. PMID- 6993074 TI - Immunological depression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The thymuses of young SHR rats before developing hypertension had reduced numbers of immature T lymphocytes which were detected by the rosette formation test with guinea-pig erythrocytes in the presence of foetal bovine serum, whereas the thymuses of eight other rat strains tested contained about 60% of rosetting cells. The number of rosetting cells decreased progressively with age. The blastogenic responses to PHA and Con A of the SHR rats' lymphocytes was depressed to less than one-fifth when compared to those of othe rat strains including W/7k rats, the original colony of the SHR rats. Eight-month-old SHR rats showed fewer mitogenic responses than those of 2-month-old SHR rats. Other cell-mediated immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejections, and a co-operation of T and B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibody formation were depressed significantly when compared to those of other rat strains. Possible mechanisms of immunological depression in the SHR rats in relation to the devleopment of hypertension are discussed. PMID- 6993076 TI - Cimetidine does not accelerate skin graft rejection in mice. AB - The influence of cimetidine on skin graft rejection was studied in a well defined transplantation model of inbred mice. Four allogeneic transplantation combinations with increasing antigenic disparity and one xenograft combination were studied. Cimetidine (25 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally at 8-hr intervals until rejection occurred. No differences in graft survival were observed between cimetidine-treated groups and saline-treated controls in any of the combinations studied. PMID- 6993075 TI - Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine: effects on cell-mediated immunity. AB - Although single-dose amphotericin B therapy appears to be immunostimulatory in mice, no data are available regarding the effects of chronic anti-fungal drug therapy on the immune system. We studied the effects on the guinea-pig cellular immune system of 4 weeks of treatment with amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, or the combination of both drugs. The in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin and the specific antigen, picryl human serum albumin (picHSA), were not affected by anti-fungal drug treatment. At 1.5 weeks of therapy with amphotericin B, skin test reactivity to picHSA was significantly reduced but returned toward normal by the end of 3.5 weeks of drug therapy. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor production by guinea-pig peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly reduced after 4 weeks of amphotericin B therapy. No immunostimulatory properties could be ascribed to amphotericin B. 5 fluorocytosine had no effect on cellular immunity. PMID- 6993077 TI - Enhanced delayed hypersensitivity skin test reactivity with serial testing in healthy volunteers. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with multiple antigens is frequently used to evaluate immunopotentiation therapy in man. Since serial skin testing with a single antigen has been shown to augment the skin test response, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of serial delayed hypersensitivity skin testing on skin test reactivity with multiple antigens. Each of twelve healthy volunteers received 0.1 ml of five antigens on two occassion, 6 weeks apart. The antigens used were streptokinase-streptodornase, Candida, Trichophyton, mumps and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD). The results demonstrated enhancement of skin test reactivity in the majority of tests. Indeed, 38.9% of the tests which were negative with the first skin test ( less than 10 mm induration) converted to positive. Enhancement in reactivity was observed in the majority of test subjects with all antigens except PPD. Similar enhanced skin test reactivity was observed in fifteen additional subjects tested serially with Candida only. The observations in this study suggest that uncontrolled studies of immunopotentiation must be interpreted with caution since serial delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with single or multiple antigens results in enhanced skin test reactivity. PMID- 6993079 TI - The effect of fibrinopeptides A and B on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in guinea-pigs and rats by sensitization with encephalitogenic antigens and adjuvant. Treatment of the experimental animals by daily intraperitoneal injections with human fibrinopeptides A and B proved to produce significant changes in the course of EAE. In the treated animals as compared to controls the clinical neurological signs of the disease wuch as the number, the severity and the duration of pareses were diminished. Furthermore, the inflammatory alterations of vasopermeability associated with extravasation of plasma proteins and oedema of the neuroparenchyma were significantly less pronounced in the fibrinopeptide-treated animals. Finally, a significantly higher titre of circulating immune complexes was observed in the serum of these animals. However, the treatment with fibrinopeptides A and B did not alter the specific immune response to the antigenic challenge. No differences in anti-basic protein and anti-brain antibody production were observed. The characteristic cellular infiltrates of EAE also showed no significant qualitative or quantitative differences between fibrinopeptide-treated animals and the saline-treated controls. These results suggest that fibrinopeptides A and B act primarily on the immunologically non specific phase of EAE development by reducing the severity of vascular permeability alterations. PMID- 6993078 TI - Enzymes altering the binding capacity of human blood eosinophils for IgG antibody coated erythrocytes (EA). AB - Blood eosinophils from some patients with an eosinophilia have a higher capacity to bind to IgC antibody-coated red cells (EA) than blood eosinophils from normal people. Twenty per cent of eosinophils from normal blood bound EA, whereas eight of nine patients with hypereosinophilic syndromes and all nine patients with filariasis who were studied had blood eosinophils with EA rosette-forming capacities of between 42 and 89%. High EA binding capacity was reduced in culture, and prednisolone and cytochalasins A and B inhibited normal blood eosinophil EA binding. Normal blood eosinophils developed small increases in EA binding capacity in culture, but marked increases occurred after stimulation with soluble immune complexes, endotoxins and lipid A. Supernatants from granulocytes cultured with zymosan-C3b caused rapid increases in eosinophils EA binding capacity which also occurred with neuraminidase, pronase and trypsin. In vitro alterations in EA rosetting did not require protein synthesis and did not affect eosinophil phagocytic capacity for EA. Substances in culture which did not affect eosinophil EA rosetting capacity included sera from patients with eosinophils with high EA binding capacity and chemotactic substances. Cultured eosinophils also developed an increased capacity to form rosettes with EAC3b, and soluble immune complexes stimulated this further. Conversely, blood eosinophils formed less C3b rosettes when separated from heparinized blood in which C3 activation had occurred. CytochalasinA (but not B) irreversibly inhibited eosinophils EAC3b rosette formation. Trypsin also inhibited, but this effect was reversed within 30 min after washing. It was concluded that eosinophils from normal blood have an intrinsically lwo capacity to bind EA, but that in vivo and in response to stimulation in vitro their ability to bind complexed IgG can approach that seen with blood neutrophils. It is suggested that enzymes in granulocyte secretion products may cause the membrane changes which lead to high eosinophils EA binding capacity. This increase, which can occur separately from alterations in EAC binding or phagocytic capacity, may enable eosinophils to take part more effectively in inflammatory reactions in tissues. PMID- 6993081 TI - On deriving the electrocardiogram from vectoradiographic leads. AB - The issue of whether a traditional or scientifically based system for applying electrodes to the body for routine electrocardiography may be resolved by deriving the 12-lead ECG from the Frank XYZ signals. The result, the ECGD, is sufficiently close to the ECG for serial comparisons to be valid. Reducing data acquisition to the XYZ signals alone has several technical advantages. These have been realized with the introduction of a computer system employing the ECGD at a large general hospital. Plotting the lead vectors of the ECGD on Aitoff's projection of the sphere brings out important relationships between the leads, one to another, and to the spatial directions of the QRS and T vectors. Reversing the polarity of a VR enhances the sequential relationship between the limb leads; this is taken advantage of in an educational display generated by the computer. PMID- 6993080 TI - Circulating immune complexes in old people and in diabetics: correlation with autoantibodies. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by a solid-phase radioassay in 34% of fifty-three insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) as compared to 18% of forty five non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD) and 14% of 173 control subjects. In control subjects, the prevalence of CIC increased with age and was higher in males than in females. In IDD, immune complexes were found with the highest frequency before the age of 30 and after 50. There was no significant difference between the incidence of CIC in old IDD and their age-matched controls. The same sera were also tested for the presence of the following autoantibodies; nuclear , thyroid, gastric, smooth and striated muscle; mitochondria, sub-maxillary and adrenal gland and liver-kidney microsome. Sera containing at least one antibody were found in 16.4% of controls, 55.3% of IDD and 40% of NIDD. The prevalence of autoantibodies increased with age in controls but not in IDD. Islet cell antibodies were present in 28.5% of IDD and 2.9% of control subjects; they were more frequent in young patients. CIC and autoantibodies were statistically associated both in controls and IDD; in the patients, CIC were associated not only with islet cell antibodies but also with other autoantibodies. The possible relation between autoimmunity, degenerative vascular diseases and CIC is discussed. PMID- 6993084 TI - Three decades of antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 6993086 TI - Pyridostigmine kinetics with and without renal function. AB - Pyridostigmine kinetics were examined under conditions of clinical use as an antagonist of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade in anesthetized patients with and without renal function. Pyridostigmine serum levels were assayed by gas liquid chromatography, and data were fitted to a 2-compartment kinetic model. Pyridostigmine kinetics following renal transplantation (n = 5) were not different from those in patients with normal renal function. Renal function (n = 5) elimination half-life increased from 112 +/- 12 min (mean +/- SD) to 379 +/- 162 min, and serum clearance decreased from 9 +/- 2 ml/kg/min to 2 +/- 0.6 ml/kg/min in anephric patients (n = 4). We conclude that renal function accounts for 75% of pyridostigmine clearance. PMID- 6993083 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of diuretics. PMID- 6993085 TI - Effect of acebutolol and propranolol on premature ventricular complexes. AB - A double-blind, randomized study comparing the efficacy of intravenous acebutolol with propranolol on frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in 24 patients is reported. Frequent PVCs were abolished or reduced by 75% or more in 10 of 12 patients (83%) given acebutolol and in 10 of 12 patients (83%) given propranolol. The therapeutic effect of acebutolol lasted for at least 1 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%), for at least 3.5 hr in 3 of 12 patients (25%), and for at least 4 hr in 2 of 12 patients (17%). The effect of propranolol lasted for at least 1 hr in 6 of 12 patients (50%), for at least 3.5 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%), and for at least 4 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%). Hence, intravenous acebutolol and propranolol were equally effective. PMID- 6993082 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of heparin. AB - Heparin binds reversibly to its target sites of action, antithrombin and the other serine proteases involved in coagulation, especially activated factor X. It also binds to other plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, plasmin, albumin, and lipases. The volume of distribution of heparin is then, under most circumstances, limited to the plasma volume. Heparin has a very short half-life, about 1.5 hours, which is dose-dependent and varies with the assay method employed for its measurements. It is not eliminated enzymatically nor by glomerular filtration or renal tubular secretion. In all likelihood, the anticoagulant is transferred to reticuloendothelial cells, which may also provide the means for its degradation. Many of the difficulties inherent in assessing the kinetic properties of heparin, as well as its clinical efficacy, may be attributed to: (1) its molecular heterogeneity; (2) its wide spectrum of binding sites and their respective kinetic properties and dissociation constants; (3) differences among methods for measuring heparin effect and concentration; (4) the dose dependence of the drug's half-life; (5) variation in patient response to heparin; (6) the specific cation associated with it; and (7) the presence of hypercoagulation syndromes associated with deficits of antithrombin. Neither renal nor hepatic disease, nor the biological tissues from which heparins are extracted commercially, seem to influence the drug's kinetic properties as much as variations in clearance and response to heparin among individual patients. Many comparisons among available studies are difficult because of the wide variation in the assay methods employed in them. It would appear that optimum therapy with heparin can be achieved only when the individual patient's response to, and rate of elimination of, heparin are taken into account concurrently. PMID- 6993088 TI - Insulin-induced renin release: blockade by indomethacin in the rat. AB - 1. Since prostaglandins appear to mediate adrenergically stimulated renin release, the effect of indomethacin was examined on insulin-induced renin and catecholamine release in conscious rats. Insulin (10 units/kg subcutaneously) increased plasma renin activity from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to 9.0 +/- 1.1 pmol h-1 ml-1 (P less than 0.001) while also increasing plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. Plasma potassium and glucose were reduced by 16 and 54% respectively. 2. Indomethacin (14 mumol/kg subcutaneously) reduced the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha by 67 and 54% respectively, without altering the other parameters. 3. Indomethacin inhibited insulin-induced renin release by 67% (P less than 0.02) and blocked the insulin-induced increases in urinary prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. The insulin induced changes in plasma catecholamines, potassium and glucose were unaltered by indomethacin. 4. These findings suggest that renal prostaglandins mediate this form of adrenergically stimulated renin release by acting at a side distal to the beta-adrenoreceptor. PMID- 6993087 TI - Control of the pattern of breathing. PMID- 6993089 TI - [Preliminary clinical trials of pentamycin]. PMID- 6993090 TI - [The treatment of hypercalcemic states]. PMID- 6993091 TI - Medical Diagnosis in developing countries. PMID- 6993092 TI - A radiology reporting system based on most likely diagnoses. PMID- 6993093 TI - Rapid assessment of cardiac output and central blood volumes from indicator dilution curves without precalculation using programmable calculators. AB - The program described here provides complete analysis of the indicator dilution curve by incorporating densitometric calibration and logarithmic downslope fit for the widely used Hewlett-Packard 67/97 hand calculator series. Densitometric sensitivity is calculated from the linear regression as the dye calibration factor; thus, direct entry of the dye curve deflections eliminate the necessity to precalculate curve concentration. The program displays appropriate sequential time intervals prompting deflection entry of the upslope and initial exponential downslope of the curve. The remainder of the curve is generated from the logarithmically extrapolated initial downslope, and the area of the curve is then obtained for calculation of cardiac output, mean transit time, and central blood volume. Programming versatility and the rapid (4--5 min) immediate analysis of indicator dilution curves are thus available. PMID- 6993094 TI - The future of information processing in medicine and public health. PMID- 6993096 TI - Disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism. Introduction. PMID- 6993095 TI - Two-year rates for Nova T and Copper T in a comparative study. AB - A random assignment comparative study between Nova T and Copper T 200 after two years of use revealed that the Nova T resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate than the Copper T. The study was performed simultaneously in Denmark, Sweden and Finland. The pregnancy rate in Nova T users was lower than in Copper T users in every country and in every age and parity group. There was no clinic effect in the pregnancy rate of Nova T users. The other termination rates of these two devices were not significantly different. The first segment continuation rates at two years of postmenstrual insertions were 64.7 for Nova T and 65.5 for Copper T 200. It seems that Nova T is an improved copper-releasing IUD. PMID- 6993098 TI - The pathogenesis of peripheral cardiac edema. PMID- 6993097 TI - Clinical problems of potassium metabolism. PMID- 6993099 TI - Effect of an intravenous fluid load on urinary sodium excretion and its relation to blood pressure, blood volume and renin in hypertensive and normotensive man. PMID- 6993100 TI - Secretion and membrane localization of proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - The envelope of Escherichia coli consists of two distinct membranes, the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane. The space between the two membranes is called the periplasmic space, and each fraction contains its own specific proteins. In this review, it is discussed how proteins are localized in their final locations in the envelope. Proteins localized in the outer membrane and the periplasmic space as well as transmembranous proteins in the cytoplasmic membranes appear to be produced from their precursors which have peptide extensions of about 20 amino acid residues at the amino terminal ends. General features for the peptide extension are deduced from the known sequences of the peptide extensions, and, based on their known properties, a hypothesis (loop model) is proposed to explain the possible functions of the peptide extension during the mechanism of secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6993101 TI - Problems associated with clinical chemistry quality control materials. AB - Quality control methods and materials are widely used to monitor each and every facet of clinical chemistry laboratory performance. Quality control materials are also used in evaluation of methods and as secondary standards. A wide range of liquid and lyophilized materials are available from commercial sources and are prepared in individual laboratories. Many problems arise in the use of quality control materials. Problems discussed in this review include the use of nonhuman based materials and additives of animal origin, the physical and chemical characteristics of quality control materials that differentiate such samples from those from patients, attempts to generate quality control materials with elevated levels of particular analytes, the difficulties in handling and storage of quality control materials, the dangers of hepatitis, and the stability of quality control materials both during storage in the laboratory and after their reconstitution. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid and lyophilized quality control materials are discussed. The assignation of analyte values is of particular importance as the current trend is to consider inaccuracy of laboratory methods in addition to imprecision. This review assesses relevant publications in an area of fundamental importance to quality control in clinical chemistry. PMID- 6993102 TI - Skin banking methodology: an evaluation of package format, cooling and warming rates, and storage efficiency. PMID- 6993103 TI - Turmeric--chemistry, technology, and quality. AB - Turmeric is a minor spice in the West, but a major one in the East. It is valued by Westerners mainly, if not solely, on account of its color, but to the Asians both color and aroma are equally important. This review critically appraises the existing knowledge on the chemistry of the functionally important constituents, the processing of the spice into wholes, powder, and oleoresins, and the objective methods and standards available for evaluation of quality. The importance of the mild (but persistent) aroma, and the lack of detailed knowledge on the significant volatiles are discussed. Some unpublished data on significant aroma components, a tristimulus study of color, and subjective evaluations of quality are summarized. Other areas briefly discussed are the production and trade, curry powder, allied spices, and biosynthetic and physiological aspects. The confusion existing in the literature on the nomenclature of species included in the genus Curcuma is pointed out. In view of the growing importance of turmeric and its extracts as a natural food color, recent results on toxicological aspects are discussed. The areas in which research is needed are indicated at the end. PMID- 6993104 TI - Dying or living?: The double bind. AB - Describing the behaviors of terminally ill patients, their families and those charged with their care has received considerable attention during the past decade. This study of comprehensive cancer treatment and research facility indicates that the prevailing theory is limited to explanation at the intra psychic level. In her work with hundreds of terminal cases, Dr. Elizabeth Kubler Ross found that patients typically progress through five stages: 1) denial, 2) anger, 3) bargaining, 4) depression, and 5) acceptance. She concludes that the majority of her patients die in a stage of acceptance--a state of equanimity. Recently, scholars have claimed that this five stage scheme has limited applicability and may in fact contribute to the formalization of a dying person's behavior. This preliminary report proposes that the stage theory, if it has any descriptive validity, becomes meaningful only when used to describe behaviors occurring among patients, families, and medical practitioners. A plausible explanation of these behaviors is accomplished by examination of communication patterns containing the structure of paradox or double bind. Patients are forced to perceive realities about their physical conditions not as they appear to them, but as they are defined by those in their environment. This paper explores these communication patterns in relation to the structure of social relationships and the specific contents of messages being transmitted and received. PMID- 6993106 TI - Host defense against infection--part 2. PMID- 6993105 TI - Risk factors and preventive measures in the control of cancer of the large intestine. PMID- 6993107 TI - Structure of the mitotic apparatus and chromosomes after hypotonic treatment of mammalian cells in vitro. AB - Cultured mammalian cells were exposed briefly to culture media made hypotonic with various dilutions of distilled water. Electron microscopic observations and tubulin immunofluorescence were carried out on mitotic cells that had been briefly exposed to hypotonic conditions. Similar observations were made on cells that had been exposed to hypotonic medium and then returned to isotonic conditions. These experiments provided new insight into the structure and physical properties of the mitotic apparatus and chromosomes. Spindle microtubules were reversibly depolymerized by hypotonic treatments. Spindle fibers disappeared after a 15-min exposure to hypotonic medium, leaving only two brightly fluorescent spindle poles. When hypotonically swollen cells were returned to isotonic medium for 15 min prior to fixation, the spindle was reassembled. Several types of spindle aberrations were noted in cells recovering from hypotonic treatment. Chromosomes were greatly expanded by hypotonic treatment, and the kinetochores were disrupted. When treated cells were returned to isotonic culture medium, the chromosomes recondensed and the kinetochores reappeared. Brief hypotonic treatments, described herein, had no adverse effect on cell viability and may prove useful in investigations of the structure and physical properties of the mitotic apparatus. PMID- 6993108 TI - Nature of streptomycin resistance in enterobacteria from faeces of streptomycin treated patients in Egypt. AB - Streptomycin-resistant enterobacteria were isolated from the faeces of 31 out of 35 patients under streptomycin therapy, in the University Hospital of Alexandria. The isolated bacteria were 26 Escherichia coli, 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 Enterobacter cloacae. Their resistance patterns have shown that 80% had multiple antibiotic resistance. The MIC of streptomycin for all strains was higher than 312 microgram/ml. Nearly 90% of these strains carried resistance plasmids. However, 3 strains possessed no plasmids and were assumed to be mutants. 60% of the plasmid-carrying strains have been able to transfer the resistance by conjugation. The rest have shown small plasmids, some of them were characterized by streptomycin and sulphonamide resistance and a molecular weight of 4.1 mega daltons. PMID- 6993109 TI - Comparison of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections. Randomized double-blind trial. AB - The combination of sulphadiazine 225 mg (SD) and trimethoprim 75 mg (TMP) was compared with the combination of sulphamethoxazole 400 mg (SM) and trimethoprim 80 mg (TMP) in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection using a randomized double-blind clinical trial. The dose of both preparations was two tablets twice daily for 7-14 days. The patients were 200 conscripts hospitalized for an acute respiratory infection warranting antibacterial treatment. The most frequent diagnoses were pneumonia, bronchitis and tonsillitis. The combination SD/TMP was statistically significantly (p less than 0.001) superior to the combination of SM/TMP regarding overall efficacy of all indications. Especially pneumonia and bronchitis responded more favourably to SD/TMP than to SM/TMP. The duration of fever was also shorter (p less than 0.001) with SD/TMP than with SM/TMP. The occurrence of side effects was 2% in both treatment groups. PMID- 6993110 TI - Bacterial growth kinetics of E. coli in the presence of various trimethoprim derivatives alone and in combination with sulfonamides. AB - Bacterial growth kinetic experiments have been performed to study the potentiating effect of trimethoprim (TMP) AND TMP derivatives on the antibacterial action of sulfonamides (SA). The TMP derivatives showed different inhibitory effects when used alone. Derivatives with decreased inhibitory activity excerted 'bactericidal' effects only at high concentrations. A rather fast development of bacteria with lower sensitivity against these derivatives has also been observed. In the combined action with SA, however, the same maximal 'kill' rate was observed for TMP derivatives as tetroxoprim or derivative IV (TABLE I) at low concentrations of these inhibitors. Under the experimental conditons there is no significant difference between the studied TMP derivatives and various SA in the combined action. PMID- 6993111 TI - Effect of antiseptic cord care on bacterial colonization in the newborn infant. AB - A randomized controlled study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of three umbilical cord treatment regimens in controlling neonatal bacterial colonization. The regimens studied included daily application of castile soap, triple dye and silver sulfadiazine. The triple dye and silver sulfadiazine regimens inhibited bacterial colonization. Staphylococcal colonization was inhibited most effectively by triple dye treatment. Group B streptococcal colonization was equally inhibited by triple dye and silver sulfadiazine. Silver sulfadiazine was more effective in controlling colonization with gram-negative microorganisms. PMID- 6993112 TI - Ornidazole in the prevention of infections after abdominal hysterectomy. AB - Following informed consent, 226 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo abdominal hysterectomy entered a randomized double-blind clinical trial to determine the efficacy of ornidazole versus placebo in the prevention of postoperative infections. Postoperative abscesses occurred in 2 patients (1.8%) in the ornidazole group compared to 5 patients (4.4% in the placebo group. Febrile episodes occurred in 6 patients (5.3% receiving ornidazole and in 13 patients (11.4%) receiving placebo. PMID- 6993114 TI - [Charles Brenton Huggins, Nobel Prize for Medicine 1966: "Discovery is our business"]. PMID- 6993113 TI - Combined treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma. A review of an integrated program )two-arm chemotherapy trial). AB - 29 out of 34 consecutive patients of pediatric age, operated upon for posterior fossa medulloblastoma, were divided into 2 groups according to the chemotherapeutic treatment (intrathecal methotrexate or intravenous cyclophosphamide) received at random after surgery and radiation treatment. The modalities of irradiation and chemotherapy are described. 9 patients have not yet shown a local recurrence and are alive at varous intervals after surgery. Only 1 patient with local recurrence is still alive 31 months after the primary operation. The mean actuarial survival of the whole series of patients is about 38 months. Differences between the two groups, concerning either the survival rate till local recurrence, or the general and neurologic conditions of survival, are not statistically significant. Hematologic toxicity was more pronounced in the group treated with cyclophosphamide, whereas late neurologic sequelae were a more prominent feature of the intrathecal methotrexate trial. PMID- 6993115 TI - [Phagocyte function in immunosuppressed allograft recipients (author's transl)]. AB - Phagocyte function in immunosuppressed allograft recipients is regularly diminished and correlates to leucopenia in only 50% of cases. Significantly reduced phagocyte function carries a 50% risk of septic complications. Monitoring of phagocyte function can be helpful in assessing defense reserves in the compromised host. PMID- 6993117 TI - [Assessment of lymphatic cells in natural and artificial allografts (author's transl)]. AB - Transfer of "passenger lymphocytes" within a transplant initiates allogeneic rejection. As compared with peripheral lymphocytes, which show no different in vitro reaction, infiltrating cells from natural and artificial grafts are good stimulator, bad responder but powerful suppressor cells. These T-suppressor cells, which arose during rejection are enriched in the graft. The assumption is that the function of this relatively small number of lymphocytes is to suppress the local immunological rejection mechanisms. They cannot inhibit the proliferation of peripheral cytotoxic cells. PMID- 6993116 TI - [Influence of HLA-DR antigens on survival of allogeneic human kidney transplants (author's transl)]. AB - Matching of HL-A-DR antigens is relevant for the outcome of cadaver kidney grafts, if donor and recipient share one DR antigen and two or more HL-A-AB antigens. The HL-A combination of one antigen on the HL-A-A and HL-A-B locus may expedite the decision in favour of transplantation if there is also one common HL A-DR antigen. PMID- 6993120 TI - [Delay of early rejection of intrasplenic pancreatic allotransplants by fractional splenic irradiation in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of local irradiation of the spleen and immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide and azathioprine) on the rejection of intrasplenic pancreatic allotransplants was studied. Fractional splenic irradiation (once 4000-5000 rad before, twice 500-1000 rad after transplantation) prolonged transplant function from 4,1 to 6,5 days, in combination with immunosuppressive therapy to 8,5 days. PMID- 6993118 TI - [A humoral transfer factor preventing rejection of allotransplanted rat liver? (author's transl)]. AB - We grafted orthotopically 11 DA and 20 WiS-livers into LEW. The recipients of DA livers survived 10.5 +/- 4.3 days; of the 20 recipients of WiS-liver, however, nine survived 18-37 days, and the other 11 survived indefinitely. The cells of recipients who survived more than 4 months showed GvHR of grade III, and their transfer showed no significant immunosuppressive effect. The indefinitely surviving liver recipients could accept specific skin grafts, but normally rejected third party skin. The serum of these recipients was able to prolong the survival of kidney grafts. This transfer factor is in our estimation responsible for the prolonged survival of rats with liver grafts. PMID- 6993119 TI - [Deuterium oxide (D2O)--a protective factor for cellular stabilization in hypothermic preservation of the liver? (author's transl)]. AB - Rat livers were preserved by ischemic hypothermic storage in extra- or intracellular type solutions for 24 h. A substitution of 85% of the tissue water by deuterium oxide (D2O) resulted in increased glycolytic energy production, better maintenance of the energy potential of the cells but a higher AMP loss, and a reduction of edema formation. Preservation using "retrograde oxygen persufflation" (ROP) resulted in optimal maintenance of the metabolic state which could be further influenced positively by D2O in the total nucleotide content. PMID- 6993121 TI - [Action of cyclosporin A and cytimun on the survival time of accessory heart transplants (author's transl)]. AB - The new immunosuppressive substances Cyclosporin A (group A = 15 mg) and Cytimun = ASTA 5122 (group B = 15 mg, group C = 5 mg) were tested in rats that received accessory cervical heart transplants. A syngeneic (DA leads to DA) and a strongly allogeneic (PVG leads to DA) strain combination served as controls of operative and immunogenetic parameters. Whereas Cyclosporin A (group A) brought about a local transplant tolerance in 90% of cases, at a dosage of 15 mg/kg per day (group B), Cytimun led in 88% of cases to lethal intoxication of the recipients. At a dosage of 5 mg/kg per day (group C), 67% of the animals survived; however, they showed electrocardiographic evidence of possible temporary rejection crises between the 5th and the 13th day. PMID- 6993122 TI - [Early or delayed operation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Results of a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with acute cholecystitis (diagnosed according to well defined criteria) were allocated randomly to early operation (n=28) or conservative treatment followed by delayed operation (n=30). The formed groups were well balanced. Total duration of hospitalization was 12 days for the early and 22 days for the delayed operation group. One case of death in the second group appeared to be due to pancreatic necrosis. From other complications recorded, only stitch sinus seemed to occur more frequently in the early operation group. For the first time the success of the two therapeutic procedures was evaluated by means of a systematic follow-up 6 weeks and 6 months after operation. The outcome was the same in both groups and "very good" and "good" for all patients. From these results early operation as the routine method for acute cholecystitis can be recommended unconditionally. PMID- 6993123 TI - [Intravenous glucose tolerance and islet cell function following pancreatic duct occlusion in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Microsurgery, intraductal pancreatic occlusion by an Ethibloc bolus and intravenous glucose load in the rat enable investigations to be made into the feed-back relationships between occlusion-induced acinar atrophy and the response of the islet hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and glucose tolerance. Thirteen days after duct occlusion the latter is moderately delayed from 40-60 min, serum insulin is lowered, plasma somatostatin unchanged, and plasma glucagon moderately elevated, as compared with sham-operated control animals. It is suggested that the employed experimental conditions reveal an exo-endocrine pancreatic functional axis, but that the results obtained are not representative for states with an intact entero-insular axis. PMID- 6993125 TI - [Regional blood flow in splanchnic organs during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - An experimental study was performed on 10 dogs to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) on hemodynamics and regional blood flow (RBF). The following conclusions can be drawn from the results of this study: 1) PEEP leads to a significant reduction of cardiac output (CO). 2) Total blood flow to the preportal splanchnic organs, and consequently the portal venous flow, decreases in proportion to the reduction of CO. Within the splanchnic area, there is a redistribution of RBF in favour of the small and large intestines, at the expense of stomach and pancreas. 3) The arterial blood flow to the liver is only moderately affected. 4) The observed changes of RBF may in part contribute to the complications of the splanchnic organs occurring in PEEP-ventilated patients. 5) PEEP should be used only when strictly indicated; close monitoring of organ function appears mandatory in these patients. PMID- 6993124 TI - [The influence of prostacyclin on gastrointestinal blood flow during hypovolemic shock (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of a continuous PGI 2 infusion on blood flow of various organs was tested in normovolemia and in hemorrhagic shock. PGI 2 increased the blood flow of stomach, pancreas and jejunum in normovolemic animals. The reduced blood flow due to hemorrhagic shock was increased to preshock values in stomach, pancreas, and jejunum. A linear correlation was found between the dose of PGI 2 and mucosal blood flow of the stomach. PMID- 6993126 TI - [Anastomosis-aneurysms following synthetic vascular replacement]. PMID- 6993128 TI - End association and segregation of the achiasmatic X and Y chromosomes of the sand rat, Psammomys obesus. AB - In Psammomys obesus there is no pairing between the X and Y chromosomes and no chiasma formation (Solari and Ashley, 1977). It is demonstrated that ends of the axial elements of the X and Y chromosomes come together during pachytene, and regularly form at least one end-to-end junction. This achiasmatic physical connection between the ends of the X and Y persists until anaphase I, thus assuring the normal distribution of the sex chromosomes observed by light microscopy. In addition, there are no differentiations of the axes of the X and Y similar to those observed in other mammalian species thus far examined, a fact that could influence chromatid cohesiveness and disjunction. PMID- 6993127 TI - [Prevention of surgical wound infections by means of ring drapes]. AB - In order to test the efficiency of wound protecting ring drapes and incisional drapes we carried out a prospective study of 283 patients, who underwent larger operations of the gastrointestinal tract from 1975 to 1979. Whilst complications of wound healing following operations of the upper gastrointestinal tract were not reduced, a reduction of the rate of secondary wound healing by 20% was achieved after operations on the large bowel. Overweight did not cause a higher rate of wound sepsis as it is usually the case when wound protecting drapes are not used. A further significant reduction of complicated wound healing could be observed after preoperative systemic application of antibiotics. This effect could not be stated when antibiotic prophylaxis was started after the operation. PMID- 6993130 TI - Chromosome delineation induced by a combined potassium permanganate-sodium bisulfite treatment. AB - A cytological procedure for in vitro chromosome delineation has been studied using human and mouse (Mus musculus) chromosomes. This method, consisting of slide incubation in KMnO4 at 0--5 degrees C for 24 h followed by a short exposure to NaHSO3 (1--3 min) and Giemsa staining, induces extraction of chromatin from human and mouse interphase nuclei and chromosomes. Autoradiography after 3H-ThD incorporation in vitro and cytophotometry confirmed that DNA is removed. Well contour-delineated and non-distorted chromosomes are observed in both species allowing the identification of all human chromosome groups. Contour chromosome delineation and its relationship to chromosome organization is briefly discussed. PMID- 6993131 TI - Deterioration of diabetic patients' knowledge and management skills as determined during outpatient visits. AB - A checklist of 22 items that diabetic persons need to perform correctly in order to carry out adequate home management was analyzed for 30 patients in an outpatient clinic. Both a recording of correct performance (baseline assessment) and a reassessment 3--17 mo later were obtained for each item included in the study. An 8 1/2% error rate occurred on reassessment. Approximately one-third of the patients had an error rate of 10% or more. No significant relationship was found between the percentage of error and age, interval between assessments, years of diabetes, or past performance on the checklist. Nor did a majority of the errors occur on items that showed an error immediately before the correct baseline assessment. This error rate is less than in reports not including a correct baseline performance. However, it is high enough to indicate that reassessment is needed more frequently than is generally done. PMID- 6993129 TI - The 3-dimensional fine structure of the mitotic spindle in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6993132 TI - Alternate routes of insulin delivery. PMID- 6993135 TI - Insulin delivery devices. PMID- 6993133 TI - The peritoneum--a potential insulin delivery route for a mechanical pancreas. PMID- 6993134 TI - Glucose and insulin response to high carbohydrate meals in normal and maturity onset diabetic subjects. PMID- 6993136 TI - Role of liver in insulin physiology. PMID- 6993137 TI - Role of the liver in glucose homeostasis. PMID- 6993138 TI - Insulin kinetics, models, and delivery schedules. AB - Several insulin models are examined as to their responses to various insulin inputs and glucose utilization and production control. It is shown that the action of insulin on glucose utilization correlates best with model compartments having a 30--50-min delay compared with plasma, whereas glucose production control is rapid. It is further shown that whereas the predicted plasma insulin response curves are nearly the same for various models, the responses at possible sites of action (e.g., receptors or slowly exchanging tissues) can differ considerably for the different models. By determining the parameter values for the glucose-insulin system in a patient through isotope kinetics studies, it is possible to use the patient's model either as a direct algorithm for insulin delivery or as a tool for studying glucose control under various conditions and thus aid in the design of appropriate algorithms or schedules for insulin delivery. PMID- 6993139 TI - "Normal" insulin secretion: the goal of artificial insulin delivery systems? AB - Prehepatic insulin production can be determined from analysis of connecting peptide behavior in the plasma. In the present study, we have determined prehepatic insulin production in six normal men throughout a day that included three typical 750-cal meals. Total insulin secretion for the 24 h was 45.4 U, secreted as 10.6 U with breakfast, 13.4 U with lunch, and 13.8 U with dinner. The remaining 7.6 U was secreted during the 9 h night at a rate of 0.85 U/h. At least 50% of the newly secreted insulin is known to be extracted by the liver during the initial transhepatic passage, so that total peripheral delivery can be estimated as approximately 22 U/day. Consequently, portal vein insulin levels are in excess of those seen in peripheral blood by at least 20 +/- 8 microU/ml in the fasted state, and by as much as 115 +/- 15 microU/ml in the 2-h postabsorptive state. The data suggest that insulinization of the liver, without peripheral hyperinsulinemia, may be a goal of artificial insulin delivery. PMID- 6993141 TI - Considerations for the programming of an open-loop insulin infusion device from the biostator glucose controller. AB - To assess the feasibility of preprogramming an open-loop device with insulin flow rates generated by the Biostator Glucose Controller, comparisons were made in 10 juvenile-onset diabetic patients between meals of equal size and composition taken in the morning, at noon, and in the evening and a bedtime snack during a 24 h period of Biostator glucose control. Four additional diabetic patients had Biostator glucose control for 72 h. Similar amounts of insulin were infused for the meals taken at differing times of the day and, except for the morning meal, for the same meal on two successive days. The meal-related glycemic patterns expressed as mean indices of meal excursions (MIME) were similar for meals of identical size and composition during a single day and for the same meal taken on two consecutive days. Preliminary results using an open-loop device preprogrammed by the Biostator system, although encouraging, underscore the deficiency of the subcutaneous route viz. the delayed entry of insulin into the circulation in achieving normal glucose levels and patterns. PMID- 6993140 TI - Hyperinsulinism complicating control of diabetes mellitus by an artificial beta cell. AB - Serum free insulin concentrations were measured in diabetic subjects given insulin intravenously by a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system ("closed loop" artificial beta-cell) in two experimental situations: hourly during the day while given their usual diet and at short intervals after administration of a standardized test meal. Three of four subjects showed sustained hyperinsulinism when compared with matched controls during a day on their usual diet. In two of the subjects, the insulin levels also exceeded those seen in those subjects on their usual dose of subcutaneous insulin. The glucose levels were not completely normalized in the three hyperinsulinemic subjects, and the insulin levels were significantly correlated with plasma glucose levels. After the test meal, all six diabetic subjects studied showed a delayed rise in insulin levels, when compared with six normal subjects, followed by an abrupt rise in insulin levels to peak levels more than seven times those seen in normal subjects. We conclude that significant hyperinsulinism may accompany feedback-controlled intravenous insulin administration. This should be considered in interpreting studies done with such systems, and in design of control algorithms for future systems. PMID- 6993142 TI - Glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in type I diabetic men after 24-hour glucoregulation by glucose-controlled insulin infusion. PMID- 6993143 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6993144 TI - Treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes by subcutaneous infusion of insulin with a portable pump. PMID- 6993145 TI - Control of insulin-dependent diabetes with portable miniaturized infusion systems. AB - A method of insulin therapy that appears to achieve better control of diabetes than present conventional methods is the use of insulin infusion devices--either glucose-controlled feedback (closed-loop) systems or the preprogrammed (open loop) infusion pump. In view of the problems with implantable glucose sensors, we have worked to develop a miniaturized, programmable infusion system. Its use in insulin-dependent diabetic patients to provide either intravenous doses or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose levels, glycemic excursions and 24-h glucose excretion. PMID- 6993146 TI - Prolonged peritoneal insulin infusion in a diabetic man. PMID- 6993147 TI - Closing the loop: practical and theoretical. PMID- 6993148 TI - For insulin infusion: a miniature precision peristaltic pump and silicone rubber reservoir. AB - This paper describes a miniature precision peristaltic pump and a silicone rubber reservoir developed for the infusion of insulin in diabetic subjects. The ability of the 100-ml reservoir to maintain sterility of its contents over 26 refilling cycles (48 days) is demonstrated. Accelerated bench tests on 10 pumps over 30 days indicate an accuracy of +/- 1% on flow rate whether measured over 10 min or 24 h and with or without 1 atm of outlet back pressure. Comparison of calibrations made before and after 58 animal and clinical tests of 6--71 days' duration showed a percentage difference in calibration that varied with a mean +/ SD of 0.05 +/- 3.09%. Microscopic examination of pump tube samples after 21 days of clinical use indicated redistribution of surface material without evidence of particle spallation. Samples subjected to accelerated wear equivalent to 620 days of clinical use showed extensive luminal surface modification and particulate deposits on downstream filters. These were identified by X-ray spectroscopy as silicon compounds. PMID- 6993150 TI - New devices and methods for long-term vascular access for blood sampling and insulin infusion. PMID- 6993151 TI - Some engineering aspects of insulin delivery systems. AB - The characteristics of electronically controlled insulin delivery systems are presented. Early experiments with an external system have shown promise in providing improved glycemic control over conventional methods of single or multiple subcutaneous insulin injections. The encouraging results with external insulin delivery systems have led to the development and early testing in dogs of an implantable system with remote controls to permit variable insulin flow rates. A number of questions remain to be answered before widespread experimentation with external and implanted insulin delivery systems is possible. There appears to be no major development problems with the engineering aspects of such systems. PMID- 6993149 TI - Electronic flow rate controller for a portable insulin infusion pump. AB - An electronic controller is described that regulates the flow of infusate by controlling the fraction of time that a pump is energized. Using the integral programming capability of the device, any one of 256 possible basal rates between 0 and 49.6% of the maximum rate can be chosen. An externally triggerable single meal-associated pulse can also be configured. The rate during the meal pulse can be any one of the 255 equally spaced rates in the range of 0--99.7%. The duration of this pulse can be chosen in 3-min steps to a maximum of 12.75 h, after which the rate automatically returns to the basal value. The controller consumes a minimum amount of power and can continuously operate a dc motor-driven pump at 3.0 V for 36 h. It drives the pump in an on-off mode in order to control the average flow rate digitally. In this way a significant reduction in the power requirements is realized and the system can be run for many days using small rechargeable batteries. One year of experience with 20 of these controllers was obtained in the research laboratory and clinical investigation unit. The results of this experience indicated the reliability and precision of these controllers, gave insight into their modes of failure, and provided valuable biomedical data for their improvement. PMID- 6993152 TI - A totally implantable drug infusion defice: laboratory and clinical experience using a model with single flow rate and new design for modulated insulin infusion. AB - The Infusaid implantable infusion pump with a single delivery rate has maintained chronic intravenous heparin infusion in man for greater than 35 mo and for greater than 5 yr in the dog. Intra-arterial infuson of fluorodeoxyuridine has been maintained for greater than 8 mo in man. In a pilot study using a commercially available, transcutaneously controllable, magnetically activated valve for baseline superimposed bolus insulin infusion, the feasibility of maintaining near normal serum glucose in diabetic dogs was demonstrated. The effect of long-term intravenous cannulation was investigated; it was found that the intimal tissues of the vena cava surrounding the cannulae were largely unaltered and microemboli could not be detected in the lungs of the animals studied. Cannula plugging, which occurred on several occasions due to thrombus formation in the final centimeter of the cannula, has been solved by changes in pump design and refilling procedures. The problem of insulin precipitation in flow passages of the pump remains unsolved, but there are indications that substances entering the cannula from the blood may be involved. A new pump design for modulated insulin infusion is described. PMID- 6993153 TI - Programmable open-loop micropump insulin delivery system. AB - The application of "closed-loop" glucose-controlled insulin infusion in metabolic research and in the management of diabetic patients in acute emergency situations has stimulated the development of portable insulin infusion devices intended for the long-term stabilization of glucose levels. Since in vivo glucose sensors with long-term accuracy and reliability are not yet available, the currently projected portable insulin infusion systems are the "open-loop" type. Such systems should be reliable, safe, programmable, lightweight, and small in size. In addition, the power requirements should be as low as possible to avoid the need for heavy batteries and/or periodic recharging. In turn, these requirements govern the design criteria for the most essential component of such an instrument, the insulin delivery pump. A micropump has been developed in an attempt to meet all desirable design features. Evaluation data are presented. PMID- 6993154 TI - Development of program-controlled portable insulin delivery devices. AB - Various alternatives for program-controlled insulin delivery systems, on which we have been working since 1972, are described. Fixed-programmable and demand programmable devices, both in two parts comprising separate control and delivery units, have been miniaturized and technically improved to the extent that they can now be used for the ambulant, long-term treatment of diabetic patients. The electronic drive systems, including control and safety circuits, that are discussed using the demand-type system as an example have been conventionally designed, using CMOS technology. The mechanical components of the insulin delivery devices, in particular the roller pump driven by a stepping motor, have been developed in such a way that they can also be employed in implantable devices, without any essential modifications. Particular attention was thus paid to the features of miniaturization, high insulin concentration, low energy consumption, and a high degree of safety and reliability. The experience obtained from broad-based clinical trials of the devices is summarized briefly. PMID- 6993155 TI - Clinical assessment of metabolic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6993156 TI - Drinking and diabetes. PMID- 6993157 TI - Reuse of disposable syringes. PMID- 6993158 TI - Gestational diabetes 1979: philosophical and practical aspects of a major public health problem. PMID- 6993161 TI - Early diabetes during pregnancy. PMID- 6993159 TI - Relative sensitivity of postpartum gestational diabetic women to oral contraceptive agents and other metabolic stress. AB - Women who develop diabetes mellitus during pregnancy very often revert to normal carbohydrate metabolism after parturition. During this quiescent period, however, increased sensitivity to adverse metabolic stress is evident. Recurrence of impaired carbohydrate tolerance with greater frequency than in normal populations is observed following the administration of oral contraceptive agents, glucocorticoids, and certain placental hormones such as human chorionic somatomammotropin. Factors responsible for this vulnerability to adverse stress are unknown but, in part, may reside in subclinical defects in beta-cell function. Ultimately, the great majority of these individuals develop permanent disease, suggesting that diabetes initially manifested only during pregnancy is not transient but progresses to more severe forms later in life. PMID- 6993160 TI - Perinatal islet function in gestational diabetes: assessment by cord plasma C peptide and amniotic fluid insulin. PMID- 6993162 TI - Obesity in pregnancy: the effect of dietary advice. PMID- 6993163 TI - Insulin treatment and high risk groups. AB - A 16-yr prospective study of 615 gestational diabetic subjects, half of whom were randomly assigned to insulin therapy during pregnancy, is evaluated to report on the potential reduction in subsequent diabetes due to insulin therapy. No such difference in incidence rates was observed between the two groups. In the subsets of women managed with insulin who bore a baby of large birthweight or who had a family history of diabetes, subsequent decompensated diabetes was found to be significantly reduced. Both life table and multivariate analyses to adjust for the effects of age, weight, level of blood glucose at selection, duration of follow-up, and other potentially confounding covariables confirmed this conclusion. The finding suggests the possibility of long-term preventive benefits from insulin treatment in high risk subsets of women with gestational diabetes. PMID- 6993164 TI - Maximal tolerated insulin therapy in gestational diabetes. PMID- 6993165 TI - Effect of intervention in gestational diabetes. PMID- 6993167 TI - Econazole. PMID- 6993166 TI - Mitral valve prolapse. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) now is a commonly recognized syndrome with an apparent prevalence of approximately 4-6%. It appears to occur more frequently in females and occasionally it is familial. In most instances, the syndrome is idiopathic, although it occurs in association with many other conditions, particularly Marfan's syndrome, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, congestive cardiomyopathy, ostium secundum atrial septal defect, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or abnormalities of the thoracic cage. The majority of patients with the syndrome have minimal, if any, symptoms and have a benign course. When symptoms do occur, more frequently they are palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion or fatigue. Neuropsychiatric symptoms or even transient ischemic episodes may occur rarely. Very rarely, complications such as severe mitral regurgitation, arrhythmias or infective endocarditis may occur. Characteristically, patients have a midsystolic click, occasionally followed by a systolic murmur. The timing of the click and the onset of the murmur usually is variable, depending on the ventricular volume. The electrocardiogram frequently shows ST-T wave changes. The diagnosis usually can be confirmed by echocardiography or left ventricular angiography. Most patients with MVP require no treatment other than reassurance. If a systolic murmur is present, prophylaxis against infective endocarditis during dental work probably is useful. Patients with palpitations or chest pain usually respond well to treatment with propranolol. Patients with progressive severe mitral regurgitation require mitral valve replacement. PMID- 6993168 TI - Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6993169 TI - Cinoxacin (Cinobac) for urinary tract infections. PMID- 6993172 TI - [Investigations on blood-gases, acid-base-relationship, electrolytes, some enzymes and other parameters in blood from newborn calves. 2nd communication: electrolytes, some enzymes, and total bilirubin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993171 TI - [Research on Salmonella-free production of broilers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993173 TI - [Plasmids factors (Hly, Col, Ent, K88) and sensitivity to antibiotics of haemolytic E. coli strains isolated from pigs suffering from colibacillosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993170 TI - [Studies on genetical, topographical and methodical influences on vessel wall histomechanics of the A. ascendens and A. coronaria dextra in pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993174 TI - [Examination of some strains of the Aeromonas hydrophila-punctata-group isolated from carp by resistance tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993175 TI - [Shedding in domestic mammals. I. General problem and time course]. PMID- 6993177 TI - [Practical experiences with the prostaglandin-analogue Estrumate for the treatment of endometritis in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993178 TI - Improvements in the NIOSH registry of toxic effects of chemical substances. AB - Subsequent to the publication of the 1977 edition of the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), several additions and changes were introduced that substantially improved the content and accessibility of the RTECS data file. Content additions included primary irritation data for both skin and eyes, in vitro mutagenicity data, and citations to toxicology review articles and to the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory. Also undertaken was a re-evalution of existing tumorigenic entries based on revised selection criteria. Accessibility to RTECS data has been facilitated by the introduction of on-line interactive computer searching, and the preparation and distribution of Computer Output Microfiche (COM-fiche) and magnetic tape copies of the file which supplement the annual publication. PMID- 6993179 TI - Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of danazol. PMID- 6993176 TI - [Intravenous regional anesthesia at the V. digitalis dorsalis communis III; an useful means of producing analgesia for surgical operations in the fore-feet in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993181 TI - Danazol in the treatment of mammary dysplasia. AB - While employing danazol in the management of women with endometriosis, a voluntary comment patients frequently offerd was that breast pain, nodularity and premenstrual engorgement were alleviated. Because of this unexpected finding, our attention was directed to the treatment of women with mammary dysplasia, particularly fibrocystic disease of the breast. Since the incidence of mammary cancer increases rapidly with age, we obtained xerommamograms in all suspected cases to exclude such a possibility. Danazol was employed in dosages varying from 100 to 400mg per day for 3 to 6 months, depending on the severity of the disorder. More than 75% of patients experienced marked improvement or elimination of the nodularity and engorgement, and many women were spared unnecessary surgery. When surgical interference was deemed necessary in cases of multiple nodosities, danazol treatment helped to identify for biopsy a dominant nodule that did not respond to therapy. Danazol has much to offer in the treatment of benign breast disease, and represents an important advance over 'traditional' hormonal regimens proposed in the past. PMID- 6993182 TI - Danazol in the treatment of infertility. AB - Danazol, an interesting pharmacologic steroid 'in search of a disease', was first used by my group in the management of endometriosis because of the marked anti endometrial effects found during clinical trials. The results in alleviating dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and pelvic discomfort were surprisingly good, but more important was the 40 to 50% pregnancy rate that occurred following discontinuation of its use. In addition, because we suspected that women with unexplained infertility might be harbouring an occult or microendometriosis, a 3 month course of 200mg of danazol was tried in such patients, and proved effective in overcoming infertility in roughtly 40% of patients within 6 months after discontinuation of medication. We serendipitously found that some habitual aborters carried to term after a course of danazol. Accordingly, a trial of 100mg daily for 3 months was undertaken with a satisfactory outcome in more instances than could be attributed to chance alone. To readily appreciate the effectiveness of this agent, one must be aware that conceptions may follow the use of placebos or whatever regimen is employed in about 15 to 20% of infertile women. The unusually good results that we and other investigators in the field obtained with danazol rules out a placebo effect. PMID- 6993183 TI - Danazole in the treatment of hereditary angioedema. AB - Danazol is an effective agent for the prophylaxis of the recurrent attacks of mucocutaneous and visceral swelling which occur in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Danazol apparently increases the synthesis of the inhibitor of the first component of complement which is partially deficient in these heterozygous individuals. The efficacy of danazol in this condition appears to be limited only by the occurrence of adverse effects. PMID- 6993180 TI - Danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. PMID- 6993184 TI - Nasopharyngeal teratoma in the newborn. PMID- 6993185 TI - Cricothyroidotomy revisited again. PMID- 6993186 TI - [Effect of various endotoxin doses on an isolated and extramurally denervated jejunal loop of the dog]. AB - The author examined the role of extramural nervous system in the pathogenesis of the inhibited jejunal motorics under the influence of different doses of endotoxin. He used nonanesthezid dogs with extramuraly denervated loop, prepared from the jejunum in advance by the method of Babkin. The recordings were made by an insertion of a baloon. The motor activity of the loop was inhibited, which did not differ significantly from the inhibition of the normally inervated loop. Our results showed that the extramural nervous system did not play significant role in the inhibition of the jejunal motorics under the influence of endotoxin. PMID- 6993187 TI - [Determination of the renin concentration in the rat brain using a heterologous substrate]. AB - The author introduced a method for determination of brain renin concentration, using the method of Boucher for determination of renin concentration in the kidney and plasma, adapted for brain tissue by Ganten. He defined parameters of enzymic reaction, when the brain renin concentration of a rat was examined by the usage of a nonstandardized dog substrate, prepared by the author. For this purpose she carried out studies on the kinetics of the reaction brain renin of a rat--a dog angiotensinogen. She described the influence of the enzymic substrate concentration and time on the course of the reaction. Furthermore she indicated the preparation of angiotensinogen from a dog plasma, and pointed out its advantages in determining renin in the brain of a rat. The mean value of the brain renin concentration in the rats of the Wistar strain was 140 ng/gm/h. PMID- 6993189 TI - Regulation of calcium fluxes in pancreatic islets: the role of membrane depolarization. AB - The effect of K+-induced depolarization on calcium fluxes and insulin release from isolated islets were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism by which glucose initially reduces and later increases 45Ca efflux from prelabeled and perifused rat pancreatic islets. Raising the extracellular K+ concentration from 5.0 to 20.0 mM produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in 45Ca net uptake and efflux from isolated islets. The latter effect was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that it resulted from the entry of calcium into the islet cells. In the presence of 20 mM K+, 16.7 mM glucose failed to stimulate 45Ca efflux, while 20 mM K+ further enhanced 45Ca efflux from islets perifused in the presence of the high concentration of glucose. These findings suggest that the effect of glucose to stimulate 45Ca efflux from perifused islets depends mainly on the glucose-induced depolarization of the cell membrane. In the absence of extracellular calcium, 20 mM K+ failed to mimick the effect of glucose to reduce 45Ca efflux. Glucose (16.7 mM) decreased 45Ca efflux from islets perifused in the presence of 20 mM K+ and antagonized the effect of 20 mM K+ to stimulate 45Ca efflux from perifused islets. It is concluded that K+-induced plasma membrane depolarization reproduces the effect of glucose to stimulate but not to inhibit 45Ca efflux from perifused islets. PMID- 6993190 TI - Direct effects of growth hormone on insulin action in rat adipose tissue maintained in vitro. PMID- 6993188 TI - Morphine-induced hyperglycemia: role of insulin and glucagon. AB - An iv bolus injection of 0.5 mg/kg morphine, about twice the therapeutic dose, caused plasma glucose to rise more than 120 mg/dl in alloxan-diabetic conscious dogs but had little effect on conscious normal dogs. Plasma glucagon rose in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups by 30 +/- 10 and 100 +/- 29 pg/ml, respectively, but insulin levels increased significantly only in the nondiabetics. The hyperglycemic action on morphine may, at least in part, be the result of an increase in glucagon secretion without a sufficient accompanying release of insulin. PMID- 6993191 TI - A probable endocrine basis for the depression of ketone bodies during infectious or inflammatory state in rats. AB - The effects of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Francisella tularensis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus as well as inflammatory stress induced by the administration of turpentine and endotoxin on plasma ketone bodies and insulin were studied in white rats. All of the infectious/inflammatory stresses caused a significant decrease in the ketonemia of fasting and an elevation of plasma insulin. When a pneumococcal infection was initiated in a diabetic rat, inhibition of fasting ketonemia did not occur. Similarly, pneumococcal infection in the hypophysectomized rat did not result in a noticeable depression of either fasting ketonemia or plasma FFA. The increase in circulating insulin appears to be closely correlated with the inhibition of fasting ketonemia noted in the infectious/inflammatory stress. PMID- 6993192 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in cerebrospinal fluid of women. AB - The concentration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in 36 women with various conditions were determined, and the correlation of LH-RH concentrations between plasma and CSF was studied. Paired samples of plasma and CSF were obtained just before operation and were extracted with methanol for LH-RH radioimmunoassay. LH and FSH were also measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean plasma LH-RH levels were 3.79 pg/ml in the follicular phase, 4.15 pg/ml in the luteal phase, 12.73 pg/ml in postmenopausal women and 2.31 pg/ml in pregnant women at term. No immunoreactive LH-RH in the CSF was found in 29 out of 36 subjects, and the remaining 7 subjects showed very low levels (less than 0.95 pg/ml). The LH-RH levels in the CSF of post-menopausal women were not higher their those in the remaining 3 groups, although their plasma levels of LH-RH were significantly (p less than 0.001) elevated. The mean plasma levels of LH and FSH in post-menopausal women were significantly higher than those in normal cyclic women and in pregnant women. The present results suggest that little or no LH-RH is present in the CSF, and it is not clear that there is any correlation between the LH-RH level of plasma and those of CSF. PMID- 6993193 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity in pancreatectomized dogs. AB - Effect of the infusion of acetylcholine on the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity (gut GI) that was measured using C-terminal specific glucagon antiserum after pancreatectomy, and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gut GLI) that was obtained by subtracting GI from total glucagon-like immunoreactivity (total GLI) which was measured using non-specific glucagon antiserum, was investigated in sixteen pancreatectomized dogs untreated with insulin, in order to demonstrate whether the secretion of gut GI and gut GLI is influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. During the infusion of acetylcholine at a rate of 10 microM/kg/min, gut GI in the femoral venous blood showed a significant increase from the basal value of 181 +/- 22 pg/ml to a maximum of 569 +/- 107 pg/ml at 30 min (p less than 0.01), and "true gut GI secretion increment" in the portal venous blood showed a maximum significant increase of 916 +/- 144% at 30 min from the basal value (p less than 0.001). However, gut GLI showed no significant change. One shot administration of atropine at a rate of 15 micrograms/kg could significantly inhibit the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on gut GI (p less than 0.05--0.001). It is concluded that the parasympathetic nervous system might play an important role in the control mechanism of the release of gut GI, but not of gut GLI in pancreatectomized dogs untreated with insulin. PMID- 6993194 TI - Plasma active and inactive renin in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma active and acid activated inactive renin was measured in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. The angiotensin I generated from the incubation of non-acidified plasma with pig renin substrate was expressed as plasma renin concentration (PRC) and that from acidified plasma was expressed as total renin concentration (TRC). The inactive renin concentration (IRC) was calculated as TRC minus PRC. With regard to plasma renin activity (PRA) and PRC, no significant difference was found between normal and diabetic groups. TRC and IRC in diabetics with no clinical sign of microangiopathy were 22.8 +/- 1.7 and 15.2 +/- 1.3 ng/ml/h (mean +/- SE), and these values were not significantly different from those in the healthy subjects (20.5 +/- 1.5 and 13.2 +/- 1.5 ng/ml/h). However, TRC and IRC in diabetics with retinopathy and clinical nephropathy was 38.8 +/- 3.4 and 30.7 +/- 3.2 ng/ml/h, and these values were significantly higher than those in the above two groups, respectively. Moreover TRC and IRC in diabetics with retinopathy and no clinical nephropathy was 33.8 +/ 5.7 and 24.9 +/- 5.5 ng/ml/h, and these values were significantly higher than those in the control group. IRC was not significantly correlated with fasting blood sugar and mean blood pressure levels, however however a significant correlation was found between IRC and BUN, and IRC and P.S.P. excretion in 15 minutes. These findings suggest that increased inactive renin in diabetes mellitus may be related to the progression of the renal lesions associated with diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 6993195 TI - Effect of propranolol on glucose disposal rate in patients with hyperthyroidism. AB - The effect of propranolol treatment (60 mg per day, three days) on glucose disposal rate (K-value) was investigated in nine patients with hyperthyroidism. K value was improved in 4 cases and aggravated in 5 cases. The fasting levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) before the administration of propranolol in the improved cases were significantly higher than those in the aggravated cases. The propranolol treatment markedly reduced FFA levels only in the improved cases. These results suggest that the impaired glucose tolerance frequently seen in hyperthyroidism patients could be partly attributed to the increased level of plasma FFA. PMID- 6993196 TI - [Psychological problems in children with growth retardation]. PMID- 6993197 TI - Epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases. AB - This paper is intended to give the reader an overview of the epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases and is restricted to primarily occupational exposure studies. However, some mention of nonoccupational exposures are made because of their direct relationship to a worker or to a secondary occupational source. Over 100 epidemiological studies are reviewed, dating back to the first case of asbestos-associated disease reported by Montague Murray in 1906. The studies are divided by specific fiber type and by specific disease outcomes and the interaction of asbestos and cigarette smoking is discussed in great detail. PMID- 6993199 TI - Human health hazards associated with chemical contamination of aquatic environment. AB - Given the finite supply of water available for human use, continued chemical contamination of the aquatic environment may pose a significant human health hazard. Consequently, an effort must be made to develop ambient water quality criteria to protect human health and preserve the integrity of the aquatic environment. In developing water quality criteria based on human health effects, information on sources of exposure, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects must be carefully evaluated. Information on sources of exposure is needed to determine the contribution of exposure from water relative to all other sources. Pharmacokinetic data are used in inter- and intraspecies extrapolation and in characterizing the mode of toxic action. Information on toxic effects includes data on acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In analyzing such information, a distinction is made between threshold and nonthreshold effects. Currently, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are considered to be nonthreshold effects. For carcinogens and mutagens, criteria are calculated by postulating an "acceptable" increased level of risk and using extrapolation models to estimate the dose which would result in this increased level of risk. For other chemicals, thresholds are assumed and criteria are calculated by deriving "acceptable daily intakes" for man which would presumably result in no observable adverse effects. Neither process is exact, and attempts must be made to improve and verify risk assessment methodologies. PMID- 6993200 TI - Aquatic toxicology: fact or fiction? AB - A brief history of the development of the field of aquatic toxicology is provided. In order to provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art in aquatic toxicology relative to classical toxicology, the two fields are compared from the standpoint of the type of scientist practicing each field, the respective objectives of each, the forces which drive the activity in each field, and the major advantages and disadvantages accruing to the practitioner of aquatic toxicology as a result of the differences in objectives and driving forces. PMID- 6993198 TI - Relationship between biotransformation and the toxicity and fate of xenobiotic chemicals in fish. AB - Many of the biotransformation reactions which have been described for xenobiotic substances in mammals have been demonstrated in fish in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Several of these biotransformation reactions have been shown to occur in fish at rates which are sufficient to have significant effects on the toxicity and residue dynamics of selected chemicals. Inhibition of these reactions can lead to increased toxicity and bioaccumulation factors for certain chemicals. Several classes of compounds, including some polychlorinated biphenyls, are metabolized slowly, and their disposition in fish may not be influenced to any great extent by biotransformation. Metabolites of compounds which are biotransformed rapidly may appear in certain fish tissues, and in many instances these are not accounted for by conventional residue analysis methods. Microsomal mixed-function oxidases in several species of fish have been demonstrated to be induced by specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and by exposure of fish to crude oil. Induction of these enzymes in fish can result in both qualitative and quantitative differences in the metabolic disposition of xenobiotics to which fish are exposed. PMID- 6993201 TI - Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides. AB - The natural pyrethrins from the daisy-like flower, Tanacetum or Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, are nonpersistent insecticides of low toxicity to mammals. Synthetic analogs or pyrethroids, evolved from the natural compounds by successive isosteric modifications, are more potent and stable and are the newest important class of crop protection chemicals. They retain many of the favorable properties of the pyrethrins. PMID- 6993202 TI - Mesothelioma in man and experimental animals. AB - Asbestos has been established as the cause of most cases of diffuse malignant mesothelioma occurring in the industrialized world. The morphology of mesothelioma may be complex, and the employment of chemical, histochemical and ultrastructural studies are often helpful in identification. Diagnostic difficulties may to some degree blur the extent of its prevalence and reliance on exposure history may not reveal its association with asbestos. Reference panels can be useful in assessing the former and analysis of lung tissue asbestos content may help to clarify the latter, especially in the low dose range. Electron microscopy may prove to be of assistance in this respect, possibly with particular attention to the peripheral areas of the lung. Animal experimentation has supported epidemiologic conclusions and revealed the phenomenon of fiber carcinogenesis. The morphology of mesothelioma in experimental animals is very similar to that in humans, including ultrastructural and biochemical features. PMID- 6993203 TI - Comparative studies on the cytotoxicity of amphibole and serpentine asbestos. AB - The chemical and physical properties of serpentine and amphibole asbestos are considered in the context of their interaction with tissue of the tracheobronchial tree and lungs. In vitro studies in cultures of several types are evaluated and work with the erythrocyte hemolysis system is reviewed. Although fibers of the two major mineral types differ substantially, it is likely they are modified by secretions and membranes of cells after inhalation to the respiratory tract. Investigations using virgin asbestos might not provide an accurate picture of events in vitro. PMID- 6993204 TI - Beryllium disease: a clinical perspective. PMID- 6993205 TI - Induction and potentiation of lethal and genetic effects of ultraviolet light by tobacco smoke condensates in yeast. PMID- 6993206 TI - The chromaffin granule: recent studies leading to a functional model for exocytosis. PMID- 6993207 TI - Clinical comparison of three liver scanning agents. AB - The biological distributions of 99mTc-sulphur colloid, 99mTc-tin colloid and 99mTc phytate colloid were quantitatively compared in a randomised trial. All three radiopharmaceuticals gave satisfactory liver images. There is evidence to suggest that the phytate colloid significantly underestimates splenic uptake. The tin colloid was easier to dispense than the sulphur colloid and was found to be the most suitable radiopharmaceutical. PMID- 6993208 TI - Rational usage of therapeutic drug monitoring in antiepileptic treatment. PMID- 6993209 TI - Intravascular hemolysis and ultrastructural changes of erythrocytes in lethal canine endotoxin shock. AB - Intravascular hemolysis and ultrastructure of erythrocytes from liver sinusoids were studied during and after infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin in Labrador retriever dogs. Endotoxin infusion caused hemoconcentration, and induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), characterized by a rapid drop of platelet numbers, a gradual consumption of coagulation factors and activation of fibrinolysis. Advanced DIC and circulatory shock gradually developed, and the animals died after 7-15 h. Plasma hemoglobin concentrations did not rise for several hours, but late in the experimental period a significant intravascular hemolysis was constantly found. Circulating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) did not appear. During shock, liver biopsies revealed accumulation of erythrocytes often disintegrated within distended sinusoidal lumina. In advanced shock the fragmented erythrocyte seemed to form occlusive masses within the vessels. A fibrin-like material frequently appeared adjacent to the red cells. However, it did not have the periodicity characteristic for fibrin, and the ultrastructure of the material was very similar to that inside the erythrocytes. None of these changes were induced by saline infusion in control animals. The lack of fibrin formation and the late development of intravascular hemolysis indicate that red cell breakdown was of little importance for the initiation and progress of DIC. PMID- 6993210 TI - 48- to 96-hour preservation of canine kidneys by initial perfusion and hypothermic storage using the Euro-Collins solution. AB - In 1976 a standardised hypertonic 'intracellular' perfusate (Euro-Collins solution) was recommended for renal preservation in all donor centres collaborating with the Eurotransplant Organisation. In order to investigate the effectiveness of this perfusate canine kidneys were initially flushed with Euro Collins solution and subjected to 48, 72 and 96 h of cold storage and autotransplantated. Immediate contralateral nephrectomy was performed after autotransplantation. The serum creatinine served as a parameter of postoperative renal function. Under laboratory conditions successful preservation was achieved after minimal (less than 5 min) warm ischaemia for up to 96 h of cold ischaemia and after 15 min of warm ischaemia for up to 48 h of cold ischaemia. Our results suggest that initial flushing and hypothermic storage of kidneys using Euro Collins solution is a satisfactory preservation method when human cadaver kidneys can be harvested under adequate conditions. PMID- 6993211 TI - Bilateral nephrectomy by the posterior approach. AB - The experience with 94 patients undergoing bilateral nephrectomy suggests that the posterior retroperitoneal approach has lower morbidity and mortality than transabdominal procedures. In addition, the lack of transgression of the peritoneal cavity facilitates the possible use of chronic peritoneal dialysis in the future management of these patients. The circumstances in which bilateral nephrectomy is indicated are reviewed. PMID- 6993212 TI - Phase-II study with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in small cell anaplastic bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6993213 TI - Metabolic alterations during and after termination of coronary pain in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6993214 TI - Hyperglycemia produced in mice by administration of acetazolamide and diphenylhydantoin. AB - Isolated mouse islets exposed to 3mM glucose released an increased amount of insulin in the presence of acetazolamide (AZM) (10 mM) and diphenylhydantoin (DPH) (0.35 or 3.5 mM), whereas insulin secretion due to 20 mM glucose was decreased in the presence of AZM (10 mM) and DPH (0.35, 0.70 or 3.5 mM). The serum insulin concentration was increased 1 h after AZM injection, but was not significantly altered 1 h after combined administration of AZM and DPH. A moderate transient hyperglycemia was found 1 and 2 h after DPH injection (100 mg/kg b.w.) in fed mice, and a slight, transient hyperglycemic response was observed 24 h after administration of AZM (1.5 g/kg b.w.) to fed mice. A steadily increasing, marked hyperglycemia was seen in both fed and starved mice when AZM was given shortly before or after DPH. All animals subjected to this kind of treatment died within 48 h after the injections. Ketones were found in urine and serum of the hyperglycemic animals, and the hyperglycemia was abolished and the survival of the animals was prolonged by insulin administration, suggesting that ketoacidosis contributed to the death. Light microscopy disclosed degeneration and necrosis of some B-cells, and occasionally insulitis after combined treatment with AZM and DPH. Pretreatment with AZM inhibited the hyperglycemic response to p hydroxymercuribenzoate in fed mice, but did not affect the hyperglycemic response of fed mice to D-mannoheptulose. The findings indicate that AZM and DPH, when given to mice in combination and in sufficient amount, cause impaired B-cell function with an inhibited glucose-induced insulin release and a severe, fatal hyperglycemia. The B-cell changes are believed to be due to intracellular ionic alterations. PMID- 6993216 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: antimalarial activity in culture of sinefungin and other methylation inhibitors. PMID- 6993215 TI - Multiple-unit activity in the septum during Pavlovian aversive conditioning: evidence for an inhibitory role of the septum. PMID- 6993217 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: antibody-induced mobility of surface antigens. PMID- 6993218 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2)-generation by different types of human atherosclerotic lesions. AB - Unaltered human arterial tissue as well as different types of macroscopically and microscopically characterized atherosclerotic lesions were microdissected under a preparation microscope. The prostacyclin formation was examined using its potent platelet aggregation inhibition in vitro according to Moncada's bioassay. In contrast to different PGI2-formation in various experimental animal models the generation in the different lesion types in terms of wet weight was statistically significantly (p less than 0.001) diminished in comparison to normal control tissue. However, the PGI2- formation in different lesion types is comparable. Accepting the hypothesis delivered earlier by us, that the arterial wall is able to react upon exogenous noxes with a temporarily enhanced PGI2-formation, followed (after ceasing) by a decrease of PGI2-synthesis (exhaustion phenomenon) it can be concluded, that the critical stage is prior to the fatty streak formation, which is a preatherosclerotic lesion. Therefore, PGI2-generation exhaustion might be mainly responsible for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, probably before any detectable morphological alterations. PMID- 6993219 TI - [Skin resorptive action of ointments and plasters made of endocrine preparations]. PMID- 6993220 TI - [History of pharmacy in the Ukraine in the 2d half of the 18th century]. PMID- 6993221 TI - Immunochemical analysis of the membrane-bound hydrogenase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6993222 TI - Proteolysis of puromycin-peptides in rabbit reticulocytes: detection of a high molecular weight oligopeptide proteolytic substrate. PMID- 6993224 TI - Identification of the acid phosphatase (optimum pH 2.5) of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6993223 TI - Glucose protection against [14C]N-ethylmaleimide labelling of a protein in galactose-transporting membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6993226 TI - Opposing kinetic effects of an acidic nucleolar phosphoprotein from Physarum polycephalum on homologous and heterologous transcription systems. PMID- 6993225 TI - Structure, specificity and localization of the serine proteases of connective tissue. PMID- 6993228 TI - Mutual adaptation of yeast tRNAPhe and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase: Possible role of tryptophan residues and long range interactions. PMID- 6993227 TI - Inhibition of protein breakdown in cultured cells is a consistent response to growth factors. PMID- 6993229 TI - Effect of epinephrine and insulin on the phosphorylation of phosphorylase phosphatase inhibitor 1 in perfused rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 6993231 TI - Synthesis of stereospecifically deuterated fluoroacetic acid and its behaviour in enzymic aldol-type concensations. PMID- 6993230 TI - Action of cathepsin L on the oxidized B-chain of bovine insulin. PMID- 6993232 TI - Orientation of hydrogenase in the plasma membrane of Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 6993233 TI - Selection for citrate synthase-deficient mutants with fluoroacetate. PMID- 6993234 TI - Identifying the monosaccharide transport protein in the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6993235 TI - Synthesis of type V collagen by chick corneal fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6993236 TI - The pathway for L-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. PMID- 6993237 TI - [Prosthetic use of residual teeth with severely damaged periodontium]. PMID- 6993240 TI - [Effect of cold acclimatization on acid peptide hydrolase activity in lysosome enriched fractions of rat brain and liver tissue]. AB - On the 3rd day of cold acclimation (2 degrees-4 degrees C) membrane destabilization occurs in the rat brain followed by enzyme outflow from lysosomas into citoplasm. On the 15th day the enzyme activity returned to control level, whereas on the 30th and 45th days this activity enhanced in lysosomic fraction and declined in the supraprecipitate fraction. By the moment of adaptation (the 45th day) stabilization of lysosomic membranes occurred. The membrane destabilization also took place in the liver. Stabilization of the lysosomic membranes occurred at the moment of the animals coming out of stress state. PMID- 6993241 TI - Interpreting microbiology reports: what's still not positive in a positive culture. PMID- 6993239 TI - [Mechanism of the erythropoiesis-stimulating function of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6993238 TI - [Jozsef Abonyi, pioneer of prosthodontics in Hungary]. PMID- 6993242 TI - [Prosthetic aids. Basis for function, technic and esthetics]. PMID- 6993243 TI - [Phototoxicity of acridine, selected derivatives and complex compounds in the Candida inhibition test]. PMID- 6993244 TI - [The pathophysiology of blistering (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993245 TI - A short history of porphyrins and the porphyrias. PMID- 6993248 TI - Comparative study of two Mucor miehei acid proteinases. Purification and some molecular properties. PMID- 6993247 TI - Transition states, standard states and enzymic catalysis. PMID- 6993246 TI - The activity of chromatin-bound protease extracted selectively with histone H2B from calf thymus and rat liver. PMID- 6993249 TI - Relaxin-insulin homology: predictions of secondary structure and lack of competitive binding. PMID- 6993250 TI - Hydralazine and oxprenolol in the treatment of hypertension and the effect of these drugs on plasma renin activity. AB - The effect of a vasodilator (hydralazine), a beta-blocker (oxprenolol) and also their combination, on essential arterial hypertension and plasma renin activity (PRA), was studied. Eighteen patients with mild hypertension (WHO I or II) were treated for 4 weeks with oxprenolol, hydralazine and their combination, with 4 week placebo periods between the active treatment periods. Oxprenolol and hydralazine lowered the blood pressure to a similar degree and their combination accentuated this effect. PRA decreased significantly on both the oxprenolol and the combination therapy, but increased during the following placebo and hydralazine periods to a level slightly higher than the initial level. Another group of eleven patients were treated with oxprenolol for 20 weeks. Blood pressure decreased almost to a normotensive level during the first 4 weeks of treatment and a little lower during the following 4 weeks. It remained at this level until the end of the trial. PRA decreased significantly during the first 4 weeks on oxprenolol and remained low during the whole 20-week treatment period. No correlation was found between the change in blood pressure caused by oxprenolol treatment and the initial placebo value of PRA, or, the change in PRA on oxprenolol treatment. These results support the view that the level of PRA has no significance when an antihypertensive treatment is being selected, e.g. beta blockers. PMID- 6993251 TI - An open study of acebutolol, given as a single daily dose in the management of hypertension in the Chulalungkorn Hospital, Thailand. AB - In an open study of fifteen patients with essential hypertension, acebutolol, a cardioselective B 1-adrenoceptor antagonist given orally once daily at dosages of between 400 mg and 1200 mg, produced a substantial and progressive reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and in the tension time index both in the lying and standing position over the 3 months of the trial. The changes from pre-trial values of blood pressure assessments were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). No side-effects were reported and laboratory monitoring of biological parameters revealed no untoward effects of treatment. PMID- 6993253 TI - Clinical trial of two inhalation techniques for pressurized aerosols. AB - The clinical effects of a bronchodilator, terbutaline sulphate, were compared after administration in the beginning of the inhalation by means of a standard inhaler and administration by actuating 2 seconds before starting the inhalation by means of an inhaler furnished with a 32 X 100 mm tube. No differences could be seen in the parameters measured-forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced mid-expiratory flow (FMF), and oscillatory resistance (Ros). The results indicate that when attaching a tube to the standard inhaler co-ordination of inhalation and actuation of the aerosol is not of vital importance. PMID- 6993252 TI - The use of a spironolactone and althiazide combination (aldactacine) in the treatment of benign essential hypertension. AB - The effects of placebo and of a spironolactone-althiazide combination in the treatment of twenty-two Kenyan Africans with hypertension were assessed using a double-blind technique. After a 2-week medication-free period, patients were randomly allocated to placebo or active treatment for 6 weeks then crossing over to the alternative medication for a further 6 weeks, reverting to the original medication for a final 6 weeks. 100 mg spironolactone plus 60 mg althiazide per day was found to produce greater falls in blood pressure when compared with the placebo periods, sometimes significantly. No serious side-effects were reported. Electrolytes remained within normal limits. PMID- 6993254 TI - Betamethasone dipropionate with salicylic acid and flumethasone pivalate with salicylic acid in steroid responsive dermatoses demanding keratolytic penetration. PMID- 6993255 TI - Hormonal measurement in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures: loss of immunoreactive LH counteracted by fetal calf serum and bacitracin. AB - Immunoassayable LH in media samples from rat anterior pituitary cell cultures declines during storage and only 20% of the LH remains after 4 weeks at -20 degrees C. The LH loss was not due to bacterial contamination or to damage to the hormone from repeated freezing and thawing. SDS-PAGE of 125IrLH in media samples showed greater recovery of 125IrLH when 1 mM bacitracin or 2% fetal calf serum were present in the medium. The ratio of intact: subunit 125IrLH was unchanged by the presence of bacitracin or fetal calf serum indicating that the loss of immunoreactive LH was not due to dissociation of intact hormone. LH appears to be irreversibly altered in stored culture media, a process which can be prevented by the addition of bacitracin or fetal calf serum to the media prior to storage. The use of either substance allows accurate and reproducible measurement of LH released from pituitary cells in culture. PMID- 6993256 TI - Differences in response of proteolytic activity in cardiac, skeletal and diaphragm muscles to hormones and catabolic conditions. PMID- 6993257 TI - Gonadal steroids: humoral modulators of nerve-cell function. AB - The gonadal steroids, estradiol, testosterone and progesterone, alter neuroendocrine function and behavior in adult mammals and do so by acting on the central nervous system and pituitary gland. Besides intracellular receptor sites, various cellular and chemical actions of gonadal steroids are being studied within the brain and pituitary. The review summarizes the present state of such research and points as well to new advances in our understanding of the cellular basis of developmental events such as brain sexual differentiation and puberty, which are influenced by gonadal steroids. PMID- 6993258 TI - Uptake, localization, and retention of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in rat gonadotrophs. AB - Uptake and retention of GnRH by pituitary was compared to that of GnRH-ethylamide (GnRH-EA) and D-Ala6-GnRH-ethylamide (D-Ala6-GnRH-EA) to determine if differences in these parameters might partially account for the increased biopotency of these superactive analogs. Ovariectomized estrogen/progesterone-treated rats were given an intracarotid injection of either 125I-labeled GnRH, -GnRH-EA, or -D-Ala6-GnRH EA. Maximum uptake occurred at 2 min for GnRH (8000 cpm/pit), 5 min for GnRH-EA (10 000 cpm/pit), and 45 min for D-Ala6-GnRH-EA (24 000 cpm/pit). Thereafter pituitary content decreased out to 1, 2, and 4 h, resp. Specific uptake of all 3 peptides was shown autoradiographically to be restricted only to immunostained gonadotrophs with the silver grains being localized intracellularly at all time points studied. Serum concentrations of LH increased in response to all 3 peptides in proportion to their uptake and did not begin to decrease until after maximum uptake of each peptide had occurred. Thus, the extent of uptake and length of retention of these peptides in the pituitary correlate well with their relative biopotencies, D-Ala6-GnRH-EA greater than GnRH-EA greater than GnRH. PMID- 6993260 TI - Effect of trypsin inhibitor on the degradation and transfer of immunoglobulin across the small intestine of the suckling rat. AB - The effects of certain chemical additives on, and the molecular characteristics of, the intestinal proteases of the suckling rat have been investigated. The catheptic activity of the intestinal wall was thiol dependent, whereas the luminal protease was markedly inhibited by trypsin inhibitor. There was no significant improvement in immunoglobulin transport across the gut wall on inhibition of luminal proteolytic activity. PMID- 6993259 TI - A therapeutic trial of anti-lymphocytic globulin in acute ulcerative colitis. AB - The results of the preliminary part of a controlled therapeutic trial of antilymphocytic globulin (ALG) in severe acute ulcerative colitis are presented. 10 patients have been studied in this part of the trial, 5 receiving standard treatment with corticosteroids, and 5 receiving ALG, in a dose of 1 g daily for 5 days, in addition to the standard treatment. No difference has been observed in the clinical course of the patients in the two groups. A continuation of the trial is in progress, using ALG in a larger dose (2 g daily for 5 days). PMID- 6993261 TI - Comparison of isotopic equilibrium and dual isotope blood ratio methods for measurement of cholesterol absorption in rats. AB - The dual isotope plasma ratio method (IRM) was applied to eight 3-month-old rats fed a semipurified diet. 1 month later, the isotopic equilibrium method (IEM) was substituted and was continued for 2 months. The animals were therfore 6 months old at the end of the isotope experiment. The IRM was then applied to a second group of eight 6-month-old rats. No difference was seen between the absorption coefficient of cholesterol measured by the IRM in rats of the first (73 +/- 2%) and of the second groups (72 +/- 4%) or by the IEM (69 +/- 1%). A critical discussion of both techniques is presented. PMID- 6993263 TI - The insulin response to glucose infusion in normal human pregnancy. AB - To study insulin response and insulin sensitivity a glucose infusion test was devised. Twenty normal non-pregnant and twenty normal pregnant women had an intravenous glucose tolerance test followed by a glucose infusion test. In a normal pregnant group at 38-40 weeks gestation (n = 20) the plasma insulin response was found to be 3.7 times greater than that observed in a normal non pregnant group (n = 20), while in the normal pregnant group the insulin sensitivity index was only 18 per cent of that observed in the non-pregnant group. Intravenous glucose tolerance in the non-pregnant women was observed to correlate with the insulin sensitivity index (r = 0.61, p less than 0.05) but in the pregnant women it correlated with the insulin response (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01). These findings support the hypothesis that in the non-pregnant state intravenous glucose tolerance may be primarily related to insulin sensitivity while during pregnancy it may be related to the degree of compensatory hyperinsulinism. PMID- 6993264 TI - Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin antibodies in diabetic patients receiving pancreatic transplants. AB - Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin antibody levels were determined in 5 diabetic patients undergoing vascularized pancreatic transplantation. The grafts functioned well at first and exogenous insulin could be withdrawn, but one to 7 weeks later the grafts were rejected. After the transplantation there was an increase in the fasting plasma C-peptide level, and B-cell stimulation with glucose or glucagon evoked a C-peptide response. Healing of ischaemic damage was reflected in an increase in the C-peptide level. During graft rejection the C peptide level fell. Measurement of plasma C-peptide levels provides a direct index of the B-cell function of the pancreatic graft. After transplantation the insulin antibody level fell exponentially, with an apparent half life of 10-11 days, whereas the level of total IgG was variable. The results indicate that formation of insulin antibodies ceases immediately on removal of the immunogenic stimulus, that is, on withdrawal of xenogeneic insulin. PMID- 6993262 TI - The insulin response to glucose infusion in gestational diabetes. AB - Using a glucose infusion test insulin responses and insulin sensitivities were studied in 15 gestational diabetic women at 36-40 weeks gestation. In all women intravenous glucose tolerance had returned to normal at six weeks postpartum. Twelve women had a repeat glucose infusion test done 7-24 weeks (mean 17 weeks) postpartum. The results were compared with previously evaluated normal non pregnant and normal pregnant standards and insulin responses below the normal 15th percentile were defined as "low". Twelve women had "low insulin responses in late pregnancy, and six had "low" insulin responses postpartum. The mean insulin sensitivity index of 1.34 +/- 1.21 (mean +/- SD) was significantly higher in the gestational diabetic group during pregnancy compared with a control pregnant group at 0.53 +/- 0.21 (p less than 0.01). The findings in this study support the hypothesis that gestational diabetes may arise in women who are unable to achieve adequate insulinogenic compensation to pregnancy. Increased insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes may be a compensatory mechanism. PMID- 6993265 TI - The relationship between blood glycosylated haemoglobin and home capillary blood glucose levels in diabetics. AB - Serial capillary blood glucose levels from insulin treated patients were recorded over 24 hour periods at fortnightly intervals for three months. Total glycosylated haemoglobin as % of HbA was measured at the end of this period by the Fluckiger method, and % HbA1 by column chromatography. There were highly significant correlations between mean blood glucose levels over the three months and % HbA1 (r = 0.93, 95% confidence limits 0.84-0.98), and with total glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.88, 95% confidence limits 0.75-0.94). There was also a good correlation between results obtained by the two methods (r = 0.81, p less than 0.0001). There were less strong correlations between % HbA1 and blood glucose levels during each of the three months before the estimation, with percentage of glucose levels greater than 10 mmol/l and with mean fasting blood glucose. These data support the hypothesis that % HbA1 and total glycosylated haemoglobin are satisfactory measurements of short term diabetic control. PMID- 6993266 TI - Normalization of plasma insulin profiles with intraperitoneal insulin infusion in diabetic man. AB - This study examined the feasibility of normalizing the plasma insulin profile in five insulin deficient diabetic males. Acute meal-related increases in plasma free insulin concentration were achieved by administering short-acting insulin intraperitoneally with a pre-programmed portable rotary splenoid driven pump. This insulin response was compared to that achieved when short-acting insulin was injected subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to each meal. After intraperitoneal insulin maximal plasma free insulin concentration was observed within 45 minutes of administration, and averaged 40 +/- 13 mU/l(+/- SEM) for breakfast, 30 +/- 13 mU/l for lunch, and 36 +/- 13 mU/l for supper. This acute rise was followed by a gradual decline in plasma free insulin concentration, simulating a normal plasma insulin profile. With subcutaneously injected insulin, approximately the same maximal plasma free insulin concentration was obtained as observed with intraperitoneal insulin, but it was delayed 116 minutes following injection. These data suggest that intraperitoneally delivered insulin is rapidly absorbed and may normalize the peripheral plasma free insulin concentration, at least during short-term studies. PMID- 6993267 TI - Influence of the murine diabetes gene on rubidium ion efflux from perifused islets. AB - Islets from diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice and normal C57BL/KsJ +/+ mice were loaded with 86Rb+ and micro-perfused with nonradioactive medium for 25 min. The appearance of 86Rb+ in the effluent could be described as the sum of two exponential functions with difference proportionality constants. The rapid efflux component may have represented washout from the extracellular space, and had about the same proportionality constant in normal and diabetic mice. The slow efflux component probably reflected efflux across the islet cell plasma membranes. At 3 mmol/l D-glucose in the medium, the slow efflux was significantly retarded in diabetic as compared with normal mice. In normal mice, but not in diabetics, 20 mmol/l D-glucose inhibited the slow efflux component. It is concluded that the basal K+ permeability is decreased in KsJ db/db mouse islet cells, and that this abnormality may explain their persistant depolarization at low glucose concentrations. PMID- 6993268 TI - The effects of parabiosis on serum and kidney glycosidase activities in spontaneously diabetic mice. AB - Spontaneously diabetic non-obese mice of the ICR strain were newly inbred in Shionogi laboratory, Japan. Animals became diabetic suddenly, more frequently and severely in females. Blood glucose levels were 452 +/- 73 mg/100 ml with serum insulin levels of less than 1.0 microU/ml in the fed state. Parabiosis with normal control ICR mice for 2 weeks decreased the blood glucose level to 260 +/- 51 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.01) and resulted in serum insulin levels of 46.0 +/- 18.0 microU/ml (P less than 0.01). Kidney homogenate beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase activities were reduced in diabetic mice (42% and 44% decreases respectively) (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.001), and restored almost to normal after 2 weeks of parabiosis. Renal alpha-mannosidase activity was decreased 43% (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic mice but unaffected by parabiosis. Serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha glucosidase activities were significantly increased in diabetic mice (179%; 233% and 58% increase respectively) (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001), and returned to normal with parabiosis. PMID- 6993269 TI - A new mutation (db3J) at the diabetes locus in strain 129/J mice. I. Physiological and histological characterization. AB - A spontaneous recessive mutation appearing in strain 129/J mice at the diabetes (db) locus on Chromosome 4 has been characterized. The new allele, designated db3J, produced hyperphagia and severe obesity. Mutants weighed in excess of 70 g by 6 months of age, compared to 22-28 g for lean littermates. Although the disease was similar to the mild hyperglycaemia-severe obesity syndrome exhibited by db gene presentation on the C57BL/6J inbred background, the syndrome in 129/J mice reduced lifespan, with mutants exhibiting sudden weight loss, hypoglycaemia, and a 67% mortality between 6 and 14 months of age. Mutant males, but not females, were transiently hyperglycaemic between 2 to 4 months of age, attaining a maximum mean blood sugar of 196 +/- 27 (SEM) mg/dl. Thereafter glucose levels declined to normoglycaemic values (80-100 mg/dl), and with increasing age, mutants of both sexes became hypoglycaemic (60 mg/dl at 9 months). Mutants of both sexes were extremely hyperinsulinaemic at the earlier ages, with mean plasma insulin at months 5 reflecting 30-fold elevations above normal for males and 18 fold for females. These levels diminished with age, the decline being more marked in males. Plasma glucagon levels were 3-fold elevated in the younger mutants of both sexes (86 pg/ml versus 28 pg/ml in normal mice), mean levels increasing to almost 5-fold above mean control vaues in the older age group (198 pg/ml versus 41 pg/ml in normal mice). Histopathological findings were limited to pancreas. Increasing necrosis of the exocrine, but not endocrine, pancreas was noted in aging mutants. Aldehyde fushsin staining of the mutant pancreas revealed hyperplastic islets filled with heavily granulated B-cells. B-cell hyperplasia was accompanied by a 30-fold increase over controls in pancreatic insulin content in the 8 month old mutants, whereas pancreatic glucagon content was only doubled. Morphometric analysis showed less than a 2-fold increase in the mean number of A cells per islet. Thus, an interesting feature of expression of the diabetes gene in the 129/J strain is the persisting hyperglucagonaemia in the face of moderating hyperinsulinaemia. PMID- 6993271 TI - Reinterpretation of the effect of haloperidol and ethanol on insulin secretion. AB - We were unable to confirm the report of haloperidol induced dose-dependent inhibition of insulin and glucagon release from the isolated canine pancreas. The possibility that the inhibition was caused by ethanol, previously used as the solvent for haloperidol, was tested. Infusion of ethanol at increasing concentrations (15.8 to 252 mmol/l) caused a progressive inhibition of insulin ( 17 +/- 1 to -69 +/- 2%) and glucagon (-13 +/- 3 to -67 +/- 3%) secretion, using a perfusate containing 200 mg/dl glucose and 2.65 mmol/l calcium. Haloperidol (5 to 20 mumol/l) dissolved in ethanol (252 mmol/l) did not augment the inhibitory effects of ethanol. At a low calcium concentration (1.3 mmol/l) ethanol further inhibited insulin secretion (-83 +/- 2%) with no additional inhibition by 20 mumol/l haloperidol (-80 +/- 3%). At a high calcium concentration (8.8 mmol/l) the inhibitory effect of ethanol on insulin or glucagon secretions was diminished and variable. This strongly suggests that the inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion previously attributed to haloperidol was caused by the ethanol solvent. PMID- 6993270 TI - A new mutation (db3J) at the diabetes locus in strain 129/J mice. II. Studies of pancreatic alpha cell function in culture. AB - Monolayer cell cultures from pancreatic islets of aging 129/J strain diabetes (db3J/db3J) and lean littermate control mice were tested for differences in glucagon and insulin secretion in either serum-free Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) or Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium (DMEM). There was a highly significant (p less than 0.0001) main effect of genotype and type of culture medium on glucagon secretion with time. Thus, although numbers of A-cells were not demonstrably increased in db3J/db3J cultures in DMEM, mean medium glucagon levels increased 2.7-, 18-, and 32-fold above littermate normal culture levels at days 4, 6, and 8 respectively. In MEM, the two populations could not be discriminated on the basis of glucagon secretion. By contrast, insulin secretion over culture days showed a highly significant (p less than 0.0001) dependence on genotype, but not type of medium, with the B-cell enriched db3J/db3J preparations secreting between 20 and 30 times as much insulin as controls in both medida. Analysis revealed that the heightened secretory responsiveness of mutatn A-cells in DMEM as compared to MEM was primarily elicited by the elevated DMEM amino acid concentration and specifically lysine (0.8 mmol/l in DMEM versus 0.4 mmol/l in MEM). In pulse-chase experiments using 14 day db3J/db3J cultures, incorporation of 3H-tryptophan into protein that eluted from Biogel P-10 columns in the native glucagon peak indicates that DMEM stimulated glucagon biosynthesis as well as secretion. This study reveals an augmented sensitivity of db3J/db3J A-cells to stimulation by basic amino acids in long-term culture. PMID- 6993272 TI - Haloperidol, and insulin and glucagon secretion. PMID- 6993273 TI - Tolbutamide stimulates Ca2+ influx in islet cells without reducing K+ conductance. PMID- 6993274 TI - [Treatment with cimetidine of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in renal transplant patients]. PMID- 6993275 TI - [Epilepsy in children--achievements and problems]. PMID- 6993276 TI - [Idiopathic edema: clinical study of 31 patients]. PMID- 6993277 TI - [The antihypertensive effect of 2,6-dichloro-benzylidene-aminoguanidine acetate (Guanabenz)]. PMID- 6993278 TI - Effect of repeated sodium pentobarbitone administration on glucose homeostasis in mice. PMID- 6993279 TI - Seasonal changes in plasma androgen levels and the gonads of the beach vole, Microtus breweri. PMID- 6993280 TI - A histochemical study on the effects of photoperiod on gonadal and adrenal function in the female bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus, Schreb.). PMID- 6993282 TI - Definition of additional flagellar genes in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Twenty-nine flagellar genes in Escherichia coli K12 have previously been assigned to three regions of the genome. Flagellar region I is located between pyrC and ptsG, region II between aroD and uvrC, and region III between uvrC and his. In this study, flagellar mutants in Escherichia coli K12 were obtained by selection for resistance to the flagellotropic phage, chi. They were analyzed in complementation tests using P1 phage-mediated transduction. In addition to the fla genes already described, eight more flagellar genes were identified. This analysis defined six more fla genes in region I (flaU, etc.), one more in region II (flbB) and one more in region III (flbC). Region I was shown to include at least 12 fla cistrons. Complementation analysis with polar Mu phage-induced Fla- mutants and with lambda fla phage defined four transcriptional units in region I. These were: flaU, flbA-flaW-flaV-flaK-flaX-flaL-flaY-flaM, flaZ and flaS- flaT, with transcription proceeding from left to right. The flB gene was found to be part of an operon: flB-flaI in region II. In region III, a previously unidentified gene flbC was located between hag and flaN. PMID- 6993281 TI - Role of glucose and catecholamines in the regulation of insulin secretion in the hibernating hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during arousal. PMID- 6993283 TI - A mutant of E. coli that restricts growth of bacteriophage T4 at elevated temperatures. AB - After nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, a Phage Host Defective (phd) mutant of E. coli HfrH was isolated that supported the growth of T4D wild-type bacteriophage at 30 degrees, but not at 40 degrees or higher. Eleven independent spontaneous mutants of T4 (go mutants) were isolated that overcame the growth restriction at high temperature. All of these mutants were located within three percent recombination of a gene 39 amber mutation in the clockwise direction on the standard map. In mixed infections, the representative go mutant chosen for further study seems to be recessive to its wild-type allele. Temperature-shift experiments suggested that the mutated host function involved in phage growth is a "late" function, beginning in mid-eclipse.--Electrophoresis of phage proteins labelled early and late in infection showed that under restrictive conditions early protein synthesis was normal, but that certain late proteins were absent. However, measurements of DNA synthesis showed that under restrictive conditions the amount of phage DNA synthesized, and especially the amount of DNA sedimenting as high molecular weight replicative intermediate, was reduced. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the phage DNA made under restrictive conditions was not rapidly degraded. PMID- 6993284 TI - Transduction of inositol-fermenting ability demonstrating phylogenetic relationships among strains of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6993285 TI - Construction and identification of cDNA clones for mouse ribosomal proteins: application for the study of r-protein gene expression. PMID- 6993286 TI - Cloning and expression of the leucine gene from Thermus thermophilus in Escherichia coli. AB - A pBR322-T. leu hybrid plasmid was constructed which contains a 3.75 Md HindIII fragment derived from Thermus thermophilus HB27 chromosomal DNA. In the Escherichia coli host, this plasmid coded for the beta-IPM dehydrogenase (product of leuB) activity, the optimal temperature of which was 80 degrees C, suggesting that information on the thermostability of the enzyme lies in its structural gene. 10-day propagation of E. coli [pBR322-T.leu] at 37 degrees C decreased the temperature optimum from 80 degrees to 75 degrees C. This change, which was found to depend on the plasmid but not on the host cells, might be due to selection of some mutation at the non-restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C. Our results suggest that the 3.75 Md HindIII-fragment of pBR322-T.leu carries a promoter of the thermophile, which could function in E. coli. PMID- 6993287 TI - Cloning of carp preproinsulin cDNA in the bacterial plasmid pBR322. AB - The successful cloning of recombinants between cDNA from fractionated poly(A)+ RNA of Brockmann bodies of the carp and the plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli chi 1776 is reported. One of the recombinant clones has been identified as a preproinsulin-cDNA recombinant by the hybrid-arrest translation assay. Recombination was at the PstI site of pBR322; reconstitution of this site was by 3'-tailing of the vector with dGn. The transformants were screened by in situ hybridization with kinase-labeled poly(A)+-RNA sedimenting at 9S from Brockmann bodies. Restriction analysis was performed on 26 of the strongly hybridizing clones to estimate the size of the inserted cDNA. Six of the recombinants studied contain inserts of a size approximating to full length 9S preproinsulin mRNA. The hybrid-arrest translation assay on selected clones identified one as a recombinant containing the preproinsulin cDNA sequence. PMID- 6993288 TI - Isolation and characterization of DNA fragments containing the dihydrofolate reductase gene of coliphage T4. AB - DNA of a mutant of the bacteriophage T4, which contains cytosine instead of glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine, was shown to direct the synthesis of enzymatically active dihydrofolate reductase in a coupled in vitro transcription translation system. The DNA-directed synthesis of the enzyme was used to localize the dihydrofolate-reductase gene frd on a 2300 bp long restriction-nuclease generated DNA fragment. Fine structure mapping showed that the gene is encoded on a segment of less than 1850 bp but more than 700 bp length. The enzyme, which is synthesized in vitro from the DNA fragment, has a molecular weight of 18 500 to 19 500. A restriction map was constructed which extends about 10 kb to both sides of the reductase gene and which covers the T4 genome between the genes 55 and 63. The two genes which flank the frd gene, genes 32 and td (thymidylate synthetase), were mapped in detail. A correlation between the physical and genetic maps was established. PMID- 6993290 TI - [Problems of public health in the "Canon" of Ibn-Sina (on the millenium of his birth)]. PMID- 6993291 TI - [Hygienic prognoses in the works of A. P. Dobroslavin]. PMID- 6993289 TI - Bullous diseases in the elderly. PMID- 6993292 TI - [Sanitary, hygienic and epidemic control support of the troops in the years of World War II]. PMID- 6993294 TI - [Quantitative method of determining salmonellae in the soil]. PMID- 6993293 TI - [Staphylococcal adhesion to erythrocytes reaction as an index of natural body resistance]. PMID- 6993295 TI - [Industrial hygiene on animal husbandry farm complexes]. PMID- 6993296 TI - [Dynamics of Salmonella multiplication in food products]. PMID- 6993298 TI - The impact of the Triage health care delivery system upon client morale, independent living and the cost of care. PMID- 6993297 TI - Residential and community provisions for the frail elderly in Germany: current issues and their history. PMID- 6993299 TI - [Creation of a complete history of industrial hygiene in Russia and the USSR]. PMID- 6993300 TI - [Al'bert Veniaminovich Tsessarskii (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6993302 TI - [Canesten (clotrimazole) in the treatment of vulvovaginal moniliasis]. PMID- 6993303 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of partusisten for prevention of premature labor]. PMID- 6993301 TI - [Course of physiological labor and the activity of lysosomal enzymes of the peripheral blood granulocytes]. PMID- 6993304 TI - [Various enzymatic studies of blood serum and amniotic fluid during normal and pathologic pregnancy]. PMID- 6993305 TI - [Ventricular septal defect associated with patent ductus arteriosus (surgical correction)]. PMID- 6993306 TI - [Left-atrial myxomas]. PMID- 6993308 TI - [Avascular necrosis of the femoral head following kidney allograft transplantation]. PMID- 6993307 TI - [Massive bone allografts]. PMID- 6993309 TI - [Chronic bullous dermatitis of childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993311 TI - Sites for experimental production of tracheal and/or oesophageal malformations in 4-day-old chick embryos. PMID- 6993310 TI - Origin of the bronchial tree and acinus pulmonalis (an immunohistochemical study in the mouse). PMID- 6993312 TI - Possible electron microscopic investigation techniques combined with quantitative element and computerised image anaysis for characterizing cell organelles. PMID- 6993314 TI - Mutagenicity of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and of the glycols and halohydrins formed from them during the fumigation of foodstuffs. PMID- 6993313 TI - Morphological findings in animal experiments concerning seamless joints of peripheral nerves through natural coagulating adhesion. PMID- 6993316 TI - Post-mortem changes in skeletal muscle protease and creatine phosphokinase activity--a possible marker for determination of time of death. AB - The pattern of change in activity of two enzymes in rat skeletal muscle during body storage after death has been determined. Myofibrillar protease activity was found to increase linearly with time of storage post mortem at room temperature but not at 4 degrees C. In contrast, creatine phosphokinase activity declines linearly with time, and again storage at 4 degrees C prevented the change in enzyme activity. Starvation of animals for 5 days or forced exercise prior to death did not markedly alter the rate of change in activity of the two enzymes, although creatine phosphokinase specific activity at time of death was higher in the starved and exercised rats as compared to control animals. A plot of the logarithm of protease/creatine phosphokinase specific activities ratio versus time post mortem yields a linear curve at room temperature. These observations offer a potential method for estimating time of death. PMID- 6993317 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal catheter dilatation of kidney artery stenoses in patients with renovascular hypertension]. AB - 14 patients with severe hypertension showed unilateral (7) or bilateral (6) stenoses of renal artery due to arteriosclerosis (12) or fibromuscular hyperplasia (7); one stenosis appeared after renal transplantation. Successful application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery was performed in 14 stenoses. 4 of 10 patients showed normal values of blood pressure, in 4 patients blood-pressure was improved, in 2 patients hypertension remained unchanged. The patients were observed 1 to 23 months after dilatation; antihypertensive drugs were necessary in all cases, but could be reduced. The effectiveness of the procedure was demonstrated by renal arteriogram and determination of pre- and poststenotic blood-pressure values. PMID- 6993315 TI - The relative accuracy and reliability of histological aging methods. AB - Histological aging methods of Kerley and of Ahlqvist and Damsten were applied to bone samples from thirteen individuals of known age at death. Relative accuracy and reliability were determined for six of Kerley's predicting formulas for the femur, fibula and tibia, and his profile method, Ahlqvist and Damsten's femoral predicting formulas, and age determined by averaging ages predicted by Kerley's six formulas. Averaging age estimates by Kerley's six formulas (mean regression) was found to produce the overall greatest accuracy and reliability. Dividing the sample into two age groups (13 - 51 and 60 - 102 years) altered the results only slightly. Kerley's femoral intact osteon formula produced the greatest accuracy for individuals in the younger age category, while his fibular osteon fragment formula was most accurate for older ages. Mean regression produced the greatest reliability for all age classes. Based upon both accuracy and reliability, averaging age predictions by Kerley's regression formulas appears to be the method of choice for broad application of histological aging. PMID- 6993318 TI - [Juvenile urologic foreign body extraction]. AB - Foreign bodies are rarely found in the urethra and bladder of children. Generally, they are first observed at the start of puberty. Severe complications may occur, even involving the upper urinary tract. Therefore, foreign bodies should be removed as early as possible. Even in infancy it is possible to extract foreign bodies by transurethral approach. When such an extraction is carried out, injuries to the urethra, especially in male children, must be avoided. When difficulties arise during the transurethral procedure suprapubic removal should be preferred. Urinary tract infections which nearly always accompany the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract should be treated with antimicrobials. PMID- 6993319 TI - Glucose clamping using the Biostator GCIIS. AB - The Biostator GCIIS was used to clamp circulating glucose at hypoglycemic (42 +/- 1 mg/dl), euglycemic (86 +/- 2 mg/dl), and hyperglycemic (142 +/- 1 mg/dl) levels in normal subjects during a concomitant infusion of insulin (0.1 U/kg/h). Because of limitations in maximal glucose infusion (1 g/min) from the Biostator, a supplementary infusion of glucose was required to accomplish euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps. The coefficients of variation of blood glucose were 7.06 +/ 1.3%, 5.9 +/- 0.5%, and 6.1 +/- 0.9 for 120 minutes of hypoglycemic, euglycemic, and hyperglycemic clamps, respectively. Despite the occasional interruption of blood flow in the double-lumen catheter and the occasional poor correlation between Biostator and reference glucose method, satisfactory glucose clamps could be maintained for 2 hours. PMID- 6993320 TI - The effects of maternal alloxan diabetes on body composition, liver enzymes and metabolism and serum metabolites and hormones of fetal pigs. AB - Pregnant Yorkshire gilts were allotted to three treatment groups during the third trimester of gestation. One group was injected with alloxan at 70 days of gestation; the second group was injected daily with protamine zinc insulin beginning at 80 days, and the third group received saline injections serving as controls. At 112 days of gestation, the fetuses were delivered alive by hysterectomy, and utilized for analyses. Body composition data indicated a significant increase in percent fat in the diabetic progeny. Liver lipogenic enzyme profiles did not indicate a significant change in activity to account for the increased carcass lipid. In fact, liver lipogenesis from labelled pyruvate was depressed in livers of diabetic progeny. Insulin levels were low in all the groups suggesting that hyperglycemia observed in the progeny of diabetic gilts had little insulin stimulatory action on the fetal pancreatic B-cells. Fructose levels were significantly increased in the progeny of diabetic gilts. Insulin injections during pregnancy did not influence fetal body weight or body compositions. The mechanisms(s) of increased lipid deposition in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) may involve de novo fatty acid synthesis by adipose cell or direct incorporation of maternal fatty acids into fetal adipose cells. PMID- 6993321 TI - Cohn fraction VI enhances the growth stimulating effect of Multiplication Stimulating Activity (MSA) on chick embryo fibroblasts in culture. AB - Although the somatomedin polypeptides stimulate the growth of cells in vitro, the magnitude of this effect is less than that of whole serum. We have investigated the possibility that serum may contain a factor(s) which would enhance the mitogenic response of cells in tissue culture to purified MSA (Multiplication Stimulating Activity), a somatomedin-like polypeptide. MSA alone is unable to achieve the full stimulating effect of serum on cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). However, Cohn Fraction VI prepared from human serum greatly enhances the ability of MSA to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell multiplication in CEF. This activity is not accounted for by the three major components of fraction VI albumin, alpha, acid glycoprotein, and alpha2 acid glycoprotein. The factor is heat stable and has an apparent molecular weight of 1000-1500. Brief exposure of CEF to the factor prior to the addition of MSA is sufficient for enhancement to occur. In addition, the factor also enhances the stimulation of (3H) thymidine incorporation in CEF by insulin. This factor may modulate the cellular response to diverse insulin-like peptides. PMID- 6993323 TI - Blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma glucagon in NZO mice. PMID- 6993322 TI - Repeated cimetidine administration reduces the growth hormone (GH) response to insulin-hypoglycemia. PMID- 6993324 TI - Insulin binding to human adipocytes during late pregnancy in healthy, obese and diabetic state. PMID- 6993325 TI - Insulin biosynthesis and release in isolated islets from hyperglycemic male rats. AB - Normal male rats were made hyperglycemic for 24 hours by the infusion of high amounts of glucose and the effect of mannose, glucose and glucose plus glucagon on insulin biosynthesis and release was studied in the isolated islets. Saline infused animals served as controls. It was found that all stimuli markedly enhanced the pro-/insulin biosynthesis in islets from hyperglycemic rats in comparison with saline infused animals. Maximal insulin release was observed in the control group with 300 mg/dl glucose plus 10 microgram/ml glucagon, while submaximal stimulation with 100 mg/dl mannose or glucose resulted in a higher insulin secretion rate in B-cells from hyperglycemic animals at 60 min, when compared with the saline infused animals. The results show that elevation of the blood glucose results in an overall stimulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, while lowering of the blood sugar as in starvation predominantly decreases the glucose dependent mechanisms for both insulin synthesis and release. PMID- 6993326 TI - Behaviour of HPL and GH plasmatic rate in pregnant women at different times of their pregnancy during dynamic tests. AB - The authors have studied the effects of an oral or intravenous glucose load, of insulinic hypoglycemia, of arginine and the effects of the 2-deoxi-glucose on the plasmatic concentration of HPL and GH on pregnant women at different times during their pregnancy. None of the used tests seemed able to modify in any way the plasmatic concentration of the placental lactogen hormone; the somatotropinic response to the different stimuli happens to be lower than that found in non pregnant women of the same age. We and by asserting that unlike what happens with the GH, there does not exist a direct "feedback" between the modifications of plasmatic concentration of the main underlayers and HPL. PMID- 6993327 TI - The incorporation ratio of L-leucine and L-phenylalanine into rat proinsulin: deviation from the theoretical expectancy. PMID- 6993328 TI - Changes of serum calcium level after glucose load. PMID- 6993329 TI - Competition: answer for the 1980s? PMID- 6993330 TI - Interinstitutional planning process, part 1: freestanding hospitals. AB - This first part of a two-part article emphasizes that interinstitutional planning must be based on understanding of human behavior, of the basic strategic planning process, and of pertinent insights from recent theory and experience. PMID- 6993331 TI - Local health planning must be revitalized. AB - Chairman of an HSA discusses the problems that have occurred in the local planning process and the steps that can be taken to correct the problems. PMID- 6993332 TI - Systems offer unique prospects for planning. AB - Various planning models are available to describe the relative roles of the corporate offices and individual units in a multi-institutional arrangement. PMID- 6993334 TI - Structured evaluation is key to effective planning. AB - Hospitals can show response to community needs through planning. However, the planning process can only effect change if given appropriate and regular evaluation. PMID- 6993333 TI - Medicare expert heads PRRB. PMID- 6993335 TI - Contracting for food service management. AB - Under food service contract management, health care administrators must remain responsible for developing appropriate contracts and for supervising their on going implementation. PMID- 6993336 TI - The reactional biography concept: early contribution to a perspective for the psychology of aging. PMID- 6993337 TI - Familial congenital diaphragmatic defect: review and conclusions. AB - Seventeen reports dealing with familial congenital diaphragmatic defect are reviewed briefly. There are only weak hints of heterogeneity between sporadic and familial cases. It is concluded that multifactorial inheritance is the most likely explanation for the observed familial incidence of this malformation. PMID- 6993338 TI - Detection of laser--UV microirradiation-induced DNA photolesions by immunofluorescent staining. AB - A low-power laser-UV microbeam of wavelength 257 nm was used for microirradiation of a small part of the nucleus of Chinese hamster cells. Following fixation in interphase or in the subsequent metaphase indirect immunofluorescent staining was performed with antiserum to photoproducts of DNA treated with far UV light. The results show that antibodies specific for UV-irradiated DNA can be used for a direct detection of laser-UV microirradiation-induced DNA photolesions. The potential usefulness of this method for investigation of the spatial arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus is discussed. PMID- 6993339 TI - Pattern of chromosomal replication in synchronized lymphocytes. I. Evaluation and application of methotrexate block. AB - The BrdUrd-Hoechst 33258-Giemsa technique was employed to study patterns of chromosomal replication in human lymphocytes synchronized by Methotrexate (MTX). It is proposed that in the presence of MTX, a major portion of the cell population is blocked in an advanced stage of the S-phase and not in the G1/S border of the cell cycle. At this point, the replication of the chromosomal segments corresponding to the R-bands is terminated, and the replication of the G bands and the inactive X-chromosomes is being initiated. The use of this method in the study of higher resolution patterns of chromosomal replications is proposed. PMID- 6993341 TI - The development and validation of an analytical training program for medical suturing. PMID- 6993342 TI - Population studies in Cameroon: hemoglobin S, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and falciparum malaria. AB - Examination of blood samples from 1,183 individuals from Cameroon indicates that sickle cell trait frequencies and G6PD deficiency frequencies were heterogeneous among villages as well as within geographic areas and ethnic groups. Mean parasite counts were significantly correlated with Hb AS frequencies for children 6 years of age and under, although no correlation was found for mean parasite counts and G6PD deficiency frequencies. The mean age of sickle cell trait individuals was found to be significantly greater than the mean age of Hb AA individuals. The mean age of G6PD-deficient males did not differ from the mean age of G6PD-normal males. Hb AA and Hb AS children did not differ significantly in mean positive parasite counts. Falciparum malaria appears to be a selective pressure keeping Hb S frequencies high; yet it may not be the major selective force maintaining the G6PD polymorphism. PMID- 6993340 TI - Erythrocyte G-6-PD and 6-PGD genetic polymorphisms in South African Negroes, with a note on G-6-PD and the malaria hypothesis. AB - Sample of 981 and 998 South African Negroes belonging to seven different ethnic groups were screened for G-6-PD and 6-PGD phenotypes, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the interethnic variability and the possible adaptive values of these genetic polymorphisms. Particular attention is paid to the geographic co-distribution and interrelationship of G-6-PD deficiency and the occurrence of malaria in South Africa. PMID- 6993345 TI - Primary culture of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells embedded in collagen gels. AB - Mammary tumor epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H mice were dispersely embedded inside the collagen gels in Ham's F-12 medium containing horse serum. A sustained cell growth leading to a 5- to 10-fold increase in cell number over initial level was observed in less than 2 weeks. The extent of this growth was found to be dependent on serum concentration. However, addition of various protein and steroid hormones, both singly and in combination, to low-serum-containing medium failed to achieve a comparable level of growth to that promoted by higher serum concentration. Mammary tumor cells can now be consistently propagated in primary culture. PMID- 6993343 TI - Growth of normal human mammary cells in culture. AB - Reduction mammoplasty tissue was used to obtain short-term cultures of human epithelial cell populations. Digestion of tissue with collagenase and hyaluronidase resulted in cell clusters (organoids) resembling ductal and alveolar structures; these could be separated by filtration from the stromal components. Epithelial outgrowth from these organoids was greatly enhanced by the addition of conditioned medium from other human epithelial and myoepithelial cell lines. Additionally, the mammary epithelial growth was stimulated by insulin, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor, and steroid hormones. With this enriched nutritional environment, active cell division could be maintained for 1 to 3 months and cells could be serially subcultured 1 to 4 times. PMID- 6993344 TI - Cell aggregate suspension culture for large-scale production of biomolecules. AB - A method is described for the rapid reversible conversion of a number of continuous cell lines from anchorage-dependent growth to growth as aggregates of cells in suspension culture. Employing this technique, an inoculum of three 75 cm2 flasks of BALB/c SV3T3 cells was grown to 60 liters of aggregate suspension in 14 days. This yielded 120 ml of packed cells or 9.1 x 10(10) cells. Similar results were obtained for other cell lines. Biomolecules such as migration inhibition factor (MIF) and plasminogen activator were produced from these cultures. PMID- 6993346 TI - Feasibility studies of oncornavirus production in microcarrier cultures. AB - Studies conducted with virus-infected monolayer cell cultures have demonstrated the feasibility of producing several tumor-associated viruses in microcarrier (mc) cultures (Sephadex G50 beads treated with DEAE-chloride). The efficiency of cell adherence to mc varied with the cell type, the pH of the growth medium, and the stirring force applied to keep the mc in suspension. Most cells attached firmly to the mc and could not be removed easily with routine trypsinization procedures. Techniques using Enzar-T and Pronase were effective in detaching cells from mc in 10 to 15 min while retaining 95% cell viability. After detachment, Ficoll gradients were used for rapid and complete separation of viable cell suspensions from the mc. Retrovirus production in large volumes of mc cultures was investigated with periodic harvesting of growth fluids. Physical, biochemical, and biological properties of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and the RD114 virus recovered from the mc cultures were identical to those produced in conventional cultures. The utilization of mc has several applications in research and short-term cultures, but the as-yet-unsolved technical problems met were found to be serious limitations when attempting mass cell culturing on a long term basis. PMID- 6993347 TI - Mutations and cell transformation with 2-azido-9-fluorenone oxime. AB - When photolyzed in situ for as little as 15 s 2-azido-9-fluorenone oxime causes Type II and Type III transformation in C3H 10T 1/2 CL8 cells. In the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-7, simple reversions and gene conversions occurred and also mitotic crossing over, to a lesser extent, but no mitochondril "petite" mutants occurred. No mutations or transformations were induced in the dark or by the light itself. PMID- 6993348 TI - Family studies on HLA system in children with CNS malformations. PMID- 6993350 TI - Preservation of liver for 4 to 20 hours by the cold flushing-freeze storage technique. PMID- 6993349 TI - Klebsiella pneumoniae as the possible cause of an outbreak of diarrhoea in a neonatal special care unit. PMID- 6993351 TI - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children. PMID- 6993352 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated diarrhoea in children and adults at a hospital in Calcutta. PMID- 6993353 TI - Immunoglobulins and C3 levels in Plasmodium vivax infection and their relationship to haemagglutination antibody titres. PMID- 6993354 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in experimental toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6993355 TI - Diagnosis of focal glomerulonephritis and focal glomerulosclerosis by renal biopsies and necropsies. PMID- 6993356 TI - Effect of insulin on liver transaminases in relation to gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6993357 TI - Reversal of two-kidney one clip renovascular hypertension in the rat. AB - Attempted correction of two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension in the rat was carried out by three techniques; removal of the constricting clip, removal of the ischemic kidney, and converting enzyme blockade by oral captopril. Since duration of hypertension is said to be a critical factor, groups of rats were studied after short term (less than 6 weeks from clipping) and chronic (greater than 4 months) hypertension. Blood pressure, sodium balance, and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were followed before and after these correcting procedures. In a control group of animals, removal of a loose renal artery clip did not influence blood pressure and only caused trivial postoperative retention of sodium. Unclipping, however, normalized blood pressure in both short-term and chronic hypertension. After a major postoperative fall, blood pressure returned to somewhat elevated levels after nephrectomy in animals with chronic (but not short-term) hypertension. Sodium balance became markedly positive with the fall in blood pressure of operated hypertensive animals and was significantly correlated with the fall in blood pressure of operated hypertensive animals and was significantly correlated with the fall in blood pressure in these four groups at 7 days (r = 0.43). Captopril also produced a fall in blood pressure at 24 hours, with a positive sodium balance, although the relationship between blood pressure fall and sodium balance did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.30). The PRC was elevated in all hypertensive groups, although individual values overlapped with values from normal rats and nonhypertensive rats with a loose renal artery clip. The PRC fell to normal or subnormal values after either operative procedure and stabilized for at least 2 months independently of whether blood pressure fell or not. It is concluded that neither sodium retention nor renin hypersecretion maintains blood pressure in this model. Also, the rapidity of the blood pressure fall is not consistent with a role for vascular hypertrophy. The greater efficacy of unclipping suggests that the revascularized kidney after this procedure exerts a vasodepressor function independent of sodium excretion or the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6993358 TI - Importance of renal sympathetic tone in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat. AB - In many experimental models, acute increases in sympathetic nervous system activity produce disproportionately greater vasoconstriction in the renal vascular bed than occurs in most other vascular beds. Since increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat, we hypothesized that an attenuation of renal sympathetic tone would delay the development of this form of hypertension. Renal denervation was carried out in 5-week-old uninephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats 1 week before beginning DOCA-salt treatment. Systolic blood pressures using the tailcuff method in 32 sham-operated rats were significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated above control by Day five (115 +/- 3 vs 128 +/- 3 mm Hg) of DOCA-salt administration and continued to rise, reaching a plateau by Day 21 (192 +/- 5 mm Hg). In contrast, DOCA-salt administration in 32 renal denervated rats did not result in a significant elevation of blood pressure above control until Day 17 (121 +/- 3 vs 135 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). During the first 2 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment, fractional urinary sodium excretion was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in renal denervated rats than in sham animals. During the third week of DOCA-salt administration, renal denervated rats had a rapid rise in blood pressure and a fall in fractional urinary sodium excretion to the level of the sham-operated animals. Coincident with the development of hypertension was a threefold increase in renal norepinephrine content (5.3 +/- 0.4 ng/g on Day 14 vs 17.7 +/- 3.0 ng/g on Day 24, p less than 0.01), suggesting reinnervation. These data suggest that increased renal sympathetic tone in the DOCA-salt rat facilitates sodium retention and is necessary for the development of the hypertension. PMID- 6993359 TI - Electrolyte and hormonal effects of deoxycorticosterone acetate in young pigs. AB - Balances of sodium, potassium, and water were studied in the growing male pig as hypertension developed in response to subcutaneous implantation of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). Serum sodium, potassium, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), aldosterone, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined. These variables were observed in a total of 10 experimental and nine control pigs. All animals were uninephrectomized and fed a diet of Purina Pig Chow and tap water ad libitum. No salt was added to the food or water. Serum DOC levels rose dramatically on the day of the implantation, then gradually declined but remained approximately 10 times greater than control levels 40 days after implant. Plasma renin activity was suppressed rapidly and completely, whereas aldosterone fell only slowly to about half its control value. Sodium retention was maximum during the first 24 hours. Therefore an "escape" process became operative, causing sodium balance to return to normal after the third day, at which time the major rise in arterial pressure occurred. A marked increase in water turnover (intake and output) also began after the third day and persisted throughout the experimental period. Water balance remained normal during this period of increased turnover. Hypokalemia developed in the absence of kaliuresis, suggesting that potassium moved into the cells. Except for the potassium retention, these changes parallel the abnormalities seen in other states of mineralocorticoid excess. PMID- 6993360 TI - Factors determining direct arterial pressure and its variability in hypertensive man. AB - Intra-arterial pressure was recorded continuously in 26 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension under standardized conditions. Recordings were analyzed beat by beat to obtain mean pressures and variability, expressed as the standard deviation of the frequency histogram. The major factors influencing variability were the level of pressure and the intensity of physical activity; systolic variability increased with progressive impairment of sino-aortic baroreflexes. Diastolic pressure increased with the level of sympathetic activity as reflected by plasma norepinephrine levels. After allowance for the decrease of plasma renin activity (PRA) with age, direct relationships were observed between PRA (log values) and the level of pressure and systolic variability; plasma angiotensin II values did not correlate. Systolic variability increased with the systolic response to cold but was unrelated to the response to dynamic or isometric exercise. Variability also tended to increase with obesity and was unrelated to age, sex, or race. PMID- 6993361 TI - Report of the Hypertension Task Force of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Current research and recommendations from the Subgroup on Local Hemodynamics. PMID- 6993362 TI - The role of chymotrypsin-like protease of rat mast cells in inflammatory vasopermeability and fibrinolysis. AB - The isolated chymotrypsin-like protease of rat mast cells was shown to cause an increase of vascular permeability in rat skin. Inactivation of the enzymatic activity of the cationic protease abolished the vasoactivity. The smallest effective dose of the maximally active enzyme was estimated to be 0.5 micrograms per injection site, which is less than the amount of the endogenous mast cell enzyme in areas of skin similar to that of an injection site. The smallest effective dose for bovine trypsin was similarly estimated to be 0.3 micrograms per injection site, which is in good agreement with the values previously reported by others. The results suggest that the mast cell protease may act as a mediator of inflammatory vasopermeability. The effect of the enzyme on two potential biological substrates was tested. The enzyme does not hydrolyze elastin, but degrades fibrin clot. PMID- 6993363 TI - Alteration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte surface charge by endogenous and exogenous chemotactic factors. AB - We investigated the effects of chemotaxins on the surface charge of isolated human PMN. Chemotaxis was ascertained using Boyden chambers. Surface charge was calculated using data derived from cell mobility as measured in a cytophorometer. The electrophoretic mobility of cells exposed to all chemotactic agents studied was altered. Endotoxin-activated serum containing C5a, PMN lysosomal extracts from "resting" and from crystal-stimulated cells, and Gly-His-Gly, a synthetic tripeptide, all significantly reduced the net negative surface charge of isolated neutrophils. Only chemotactically active substances effected this change; controls including heat-inactivated serum, other subcellular fractions, and an inert tripeptide, Gly-Gly-Gly, did not alter cell mobility in an electric field. These findings are consistent with studies by others on the effects of chemotactic factors on cation fluxes and cell aggregation and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMN directional migration is regulated. PMID- 6993364 TI - Murine resistance to type III group B streptococci. AB - We examined the role of serum, complement and the reticuloendothelial system in mouse resistance to type III group B streptococci (GBS). Normal serum obtained from 21 day-old mice failed to protect chick embryos against a lethal intravenous (IV) inoculation of GBS-III-SS620/50. Mice that were decomplemented using cobra venom factor remained resistant to intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation of 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of GBS-III-22620/50, GBS III-Bell and GBS-III Minnesota. In contrast, mice prepared with IP oleic acid were killed with 10(4) CFU of GBS-III-SS620/50 IP. However, when mice were injected IV with oleic acid, they remained resistant to IP inoculation of GBS-III-SS620/50. These results suggest that peritoneal macrophages play a role in murine defense against IP infection with GBS-III-SS620/50. PMID- 6993365 TI - Salivary concentrations of amphotericin B following its use as an oral lozenge. AB - Amphotericin B concentrations were measured in the saliva of ten healthy volunteers who had sucked on lozenges with this drug. It appeared that high amphotericin B concentrations can be achieved in this way in the saliva. Even half an hour after swallowing the last remnant of a lozenge, the amphotericin B concentration was found to be high enough to suppress the growth of sensitive Candida albicans strains. The possible usefulness of amphotericin B lozenges in the selective decontamination of the oropharynx of yeasts and other fungi is discussed and compared with the application of this drug in orabase. PMID- 6993366 TI - Response of Escherichia coli to Beta-lactam antibiotics: effect of the concomitant presence of staphylococci exhibiting inducible Beta-lactamase activity. AB - The response to Beta-lactam antibiotics of mixed cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied in static culture and in an in vitro model which simulates the dynamic conditions in which bacteria are exposed to antibiotics in the treatment of urinary infection. In static cultures, the concomitant presence of staphylococci exhibiting inducible Beta-lactamase activity substantially reduced the efficacy of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin (but not cefuroxime) against E. coli. In the conditions of the bladder model some interference with the activity of Beta-lactam antibiotics by Beta-lactamase producing staphylococci was also demonstrated. Nevertheless, relatively modest doses of ampicillin were still able to suppress growth of susceptible E. coli for periods exceeding the normal interdose interval, even in the presence of enzyme producing staphylococci. PMID- 6993367 TI - [A case of chloroquine-resistant (R1) falciparum malaria from the East African Comoros Islands (author's transl)]. AB - An African from the Comoros Islands, who has been living in Berlin for eleven years and who had made his last journey to Africa two years before, fell ill with high fever upon returning from a visit to Mayotte and Grande Comore. His blood smear revealed trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. After intake of 25 mg of chloroquine base per kg body weight within 66 hours, defervescence and clearance of blood ensued and by the fourth day after start of treatment the parasites could no longer be detected in the blood. On the 25th day high fever occurred and P. falciparum was found again. After chloroquine treatment had been repeated with an additional single dose of 75 mg pyrimethamine and 1.5 g sulphadoxine the patient remained healthy. During observation over a period of eight months plasmodia could no longer be detected in thick films. PMID- 6993368 TI - Antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus. I. Standardization of the antigenic composition. AB - Three different stages were found during growth of Aspergillus fumigatus as characterized by the changes in pH of the medium: (1) An acidic phase (phase I); (2) a second phase (phase II) during which the pH rises till values around pH = 8.5; (3) a third phase (phase III) during which the pH remains constant or drops slightly. During phase I a fast appearance of certain antigenic components was found that is ascribed to an active process of excretion. Additional antigenic components appeared in the culture medium after lysis of the microorganisms (phases II and III). Lysis of the microorganisms and appearance of antigenic components are dependent on the glucose concentration of the medium. PMID- 6993369 TI - Antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus II. Identification and quantification by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Individual antigenic components of Aspergillus fumigatus were identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) using pooled rabbit hyperimmune antiserum. Patients' sera with enhanced precipitins against A. fumigatus showed antibodies against identical antigenic components in CIE. Identification of the antigenic components by the intermediate gel technique showed high concentrations of antibodies against a small group of antigenic components. No differences were found in the individual antigenic components involved in the precipitation reactions between groups of sera with enhanced and normal IgE levels against A. fumigatus. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing was used to determine the isoelectric point of particular components that were identified by CIE. PMID- 6993371 TI - Variability in generation of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cells from cultures of human peripheral blood. Influence of monocytes. AB - We have encountered two types of variability in the numbers of cells making antibodies in vitro to sheep erythrocytes (PFC) in pokeweed-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBM). One is a variation in number of PFC generated by the PBM of one individual compared -o that of another, which is probably an in vitro counterpart to the well known individual variation in in vivo antibody responsiveness and presumed to be T cell controlled. The other variability is in numbers of PFC found in replicate tubes from a given individual. This variation is not T cell controlled, but rather is releated to the relative number of monocytes in the system. Enhancement by monocytes of the numbers of PFC generated is also demonstrated. PMID- 6993370 TI - Effect of different dietary lipids on the immune responses of Hartley strain guinea pigs. AB - A diet containing 20% by weight of fat rich in unsaturated fatty acids reduced the ability of guinea pigs to form antibody and the delayed hypersensitivity response in vivo against a single antigen. Reduced responses in vivo are manifested on first challenge only, subsequent antigenic challenges showed responses similar to those of animals fed a normal diet. However, cells from animals fed large amounts of unsaturated fats when cultured in vitro with antigen and sera of normal animals fed a low-fat diet did not show reduced delayed hypersensitivity (macrophage migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation). The serum of animals fed high-fat diets greatly inhibited the response to mitogens and to antigen in vitro of lymphocytes from tuberculin-sensitized animals fed either low or high-fat diet. As serum from animals fed low-fat diets did not have this effect, it is postulated that the inhibitory activity is due to a lipid or lipoprotein derivative of unsaturated fatty acids. Animals fed high fat diets remained healthy, and showed no disorder related to the fat and no susceptibility to infection. PMID- 6993372 TI - Inability of intravenously injected monocellular suspensions of human bone marrow to establish in the nude mouse. AB - Mononuclear suspensions of normal and leukemic human bone marrow cells were injected into lethally irradiated nude mice. As judged by splenic focus assay, cells of human bone marrow suspensions were uniformly unable to establish colonies in the spleen, although comparably treated bone marrow cells from genetically unrealted mice readily produced such colonies. It thus appears that the nude mouse is able to prevent establishment of intravenously injected human bone marrow cells by means not involving T cell-dependent immunologic discrimination. PMID- 6993374 TI - Tumour-related changes in natural killer cell activity in melanoma patients. Influence of stage of disease, tumour thickness and age of patients. AB - The influence of tumour growth on the natural killer (NK) activity of melanoma patients was examined by analysis of NK activity in 51Cr release assays before and at intervals after surgical removal of localized melanoma. In patients with Stage I and II melanoma, removal of the tumour was associated with changes in the level of NK activity which were not detected in patients who had surgery for skin graft after previous removal of the primary melanoma. The changes in NK activity after removal of melanoma were however different in patients with Stage I compared to Stage II melanoma. In the former, NK activity which appeared specifically directed toward melanoma cells was maximal 2-4 weeks after removal of the tumour and then decreased to normal levels. The NK activity after surgery was directly related to the thickness of the tumour. In patients with Stage II melanoma, NK activity did not increase but fell to low levels after removal of the tumour. The level of NK activity in these patients was not related to the thickness of their primary melanoma. In patients with Stage I and II melanoma the NK activity against melanoma cells showed a significant increase with age. The reason for the different sequence of changes in NK activity after removal of melanoma in the two patient groups is unknown. It is suggested however that the differences observed in patients with Stage II melanoma may reflect differences in the tumour or host response which contributed to the spread of the tumour to regional lymph nodes in these patients. PMID- 6993373 TI - Local anaphylactoid responses in rats. AB - The relative activities of 15 agents inducing anaphylactoid responses in the paws of two types of genetically different rats have been determined. Three groups were identified: group 1, where activity was much higher in R rats than in NR rats; group 2 where activity was low in both R and NR rats, and group 3, where activity was equally high in both R and NR rats. The influence of changes in the blood sugar level on these responses was also investigated in the three groups. PMID- 6993375 TI - Positive correlation between in vitro NK activity and in vivo resistance towards AKR lymphoma cells. PMID- 6993376 TI - In Memoriam (Milton Erickson). PMID- 6993377 TI - Meditation, expectation and performance on indices of nonanalytic attending. PMID- 6993379 TI - Hypnosis with children: selected readings. PMID- 6993378 TI - What did he (Bernheim) say? A postscript and an addendum. PMID- 6993381 TI - Solar urticaria. PMID- 6993382 TI - Vitiligo. A symptom complex. PMID- 6993380 TI - Allergic reactions to insulin. AB - Allergic reactions to insulin, although very common, are usually mild and self limited. Many persistent effects can be corrected by simple means available to the discerning physician. In a few patients, however, they are severe and cause extreme morbidity or even mortality. These patients need to be recognized promptly and alternate means of managing their diabetes rapidly instituted. PMID- 6993383 TI - Cutaneous immunofluorescence in dermatomyositis. AB - Seven patients with dermatomyositis who displayed severe skin and muscle disease, and in whom coexistent systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) was excluded, were evaluated by direct immunofluorescent biopsies of skin lesions. Specimens from six showed deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in small to moderate amounts at the dermal-epidermal junction zone. These deposits were usually in the form of focal granular accumulations which lacked continuity and were not well developed as are those seen in LE, or fluorescent subepidermal hyaline bodies. One patient, however, had a more well developed band of immunoglobulins at the dermal-epidermal junction. All normal skin specimens in these patients were negative by immunofluorescence. These findings were helpful in clarifying differences in cutaneous immunofluorescence between dermatomyositis and LE, indicating that dermatomyositis specimens can usually be differentiated from those of LE patients, but demonstrating the possibility that confusion might rarely occur in interpreting a lesional immunofluorescent biopsy in dermatomyositis. PMID- 6993384 TI - The Noah Worcester Dermatological Society. PMID- 6993385 TI - Localized pemphigoid [proceedings]. PMID- 6993386 TI - Effects of refeeding on adipocyte metabolism in the rat. AB - Glucose metabolism in fat cells from fasted-refed rats and ad-libitum-fed controls were studied in the postabsorptive state. Two types of experiments were performed. First, each rat donated one epididymal fat pad and the metabolic results were expressed in relation to the number and size of fat cells of these tissues. Second, the other epididymal fat pad in the rats in each experimental group was pooled for experiments in duplicate where liberated fat cells were separated in fat-cell size classes, which enabled comparisons of metabolic activities at the same fat-cell size. Glucose incorporation into carbon dioxide and triglyceride glycerol and fatty acids were about equally elevated in absolute terms in the refed rats. In relative terms the increase was much more pronounced in carbon dioxide and fatty acids because these activities were very low in control rats. These results confirm previous results showing elevated metabolism after fasting-refeeding, and also demonstrate that this is an adaptation of fat cell metabolism rather than a consequence of a higher cellular density of adipose tissue after fasting-refeeding with smaller fat cells. Adaptations of metabolism after fasting-refeeding might be of potential importance for elucidation of the cause of the rapid relapse after weight decrease of obese subjects with diminished fat-cell size. PMID- 6993387 TI - Physical training in hyperplastic obesity. V. Effects of atropine on plasma insulin. AB - Ten hyperplastic obese women were trained physically on an ad-libitum diet preventing them from losing weight. Plasma-insulin concentrations decreased during oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT), an effect which was more clearly seen after atropine administration. After intravenous-glucose administration (IVGTT) these effects were absent or much smaller. Insulin secretion stimulated by the sight and smell of food (CIS) was more pronounced after training, this increase being abolished by atropine. Physical training produces vagotony with well-known effects on circulatory variables such as a slower resting heart rate. Both the results after OGTT and CIS show the effects of increased vagotony also on insulin secretion. This effect tends to hide the insulin-concentration-lowering effect of physical training. This consequence of training is possibly dependent on enteric factors associated with insulin secretion since it was not found after IVGTT. PMID- 6993388 TI - Dr. Rudolph P. Hotz (1905-1979). PMID- 6993389 TI - I.J.O. personalities. Dr. L. James Flatley. PMID- 6993390 TI - Expression of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in vivo--recent advances. PMID- 6993392 TI - Hepatic blood flow: morphologic aspects and physiologic regulation. AB - The study of the morphology of the hepatic circulation has given evidence that the liver consists of a large vascular delta formed by the confluence of the portal and arterial streams. Their arms, which subdivide the delta into lobar areas, start to run parallel and close to each other when they are still visible to the naked eye. Dwindled down to microscopic size, they become the scaffold of the parenchymal cell masses nestling between the microvessels. The arterioles, as they merge with the sinusoidal and portal channels, assume the role of organizing the microcirculation into units. These units are the vascular core of the structural and functional liver acini. It has now been demonstrated beyond doubt that a PO2 gradient exists in the hepatic vessels and tissues, decreasing from the site of the arteriolar rivulets joining the venous stream toward the site of their common egress via the terminal hepatic venules. The gradient permits the subdivision of the microscopic vascular units into three microcirculatory zones, each of them creating an appropriate microenvironment for specific enzymic and metabolic activity. The microcirculatory shifts in arterial flow from tide to ebb will cause change in the activity of the zones. These are essentially dynamic subdivisions of the metabolic activity in the large liver swamp. Here also start the tiny rivulets forming a green river, the bile stream, that runs in the opposite direction to the portal and hepatic arterial flow. It is to be expected that the quantity and quality of bile carrying important products back to the gastrointestinal area for digestion and absorption of fat are influenced by the tides in portal and arterial flow. All in all, it is evident that vascular morphology is the visual aspect of the dynamic blood flow, thus permitting us to perceive its functional orderliness, and to study the circulatory physiology in the hepatic delta. Means of measurement of hepatic blood flow have been reviewed and its methodological problems have been discussed. It was found that the term "estimated" hepatic blood flow is still justified. Also the relationship between hepatic blood flow and metabolism is not yet clear-cut. The role of the arterial and portal components of the hepatic circulation has been analyzed. There is a reciprocal relationship between arterial and portal volume flow; it is effectuated by the state of constriction or dilation of the mesenteric and hepatic arterioles, both under myogenic control. Portal blood delivers directly to the hepatocyte all water-soluble substances absorbed from the intestines or produced in the intestinal walls. The hepatic artery maintains an appropriate PO2 gradient between the acinar zones and flow of blood against increased tissue resistance; it assures a steady clearance of blood-borne substances, e.g., hormones and endogenous products. Regulation of arterial flow is less neural than neurohumoral; metabolites and bile salts exert additional effects on blood flow... PMID- 6993391 TI - Atheroma: the artery wall and the environment. PMID- 6993393 TI - Excretory function of the liver. PMID- 6993394 TI - The glutathione S-transferases: their role in the transport of organic anions from blood to bile. AB - The glutathione transferases are abundant multifunctional proteins of liver cytosol. In addition to their catalytic activity, they also bind as nonsubstrate ligands a variety of compounds that contain a hydrophobic nucleus. Included among these ligands are organic anions such as bilirubin. The abundance of these proteins and their avid binding of bilirubin and its conjugates have encouraged investigation into their potential role in hepatic transport and metabolism of organic anions. These studies suggest that the glutathione transferases perform a binding function within the cell analogous to that of albumin extracellularly. Although there is no evidence that these proteins are responsible for recognition and uptake of organic anions from the vascular space, they influence net uptake by binding these substances within the cell, reducing their efflux into plasma. The relationship of intracellular binding of bilirubin to the conjugation and excretory mechanisms is the subject of investigation at the present time. PMID- 6993395 TI - Transport functions of the gallbladder. AB - The absorptive functions of the gallbladder are responsible for concentrating the Na+ salts of bile acids during interprandial periods. This can be attributed entirely to its ability to absorb NaCl (and NaHCO3) and water in isotonic proportions, thus reducing the volume of hepatic bile by 80%--90%. The results of studies employing gallbladders of several species are consistent with the presence of neutral NaCl (and NaHCO3) absorption that is due to the presence of a coupled (one-for-one) NaCl entry process at the mucosal membrane. Active Na+ extrusion from cell to serosal solution appears to provide the energy for cellular Cl- accumulation, and thus for transepithelial Cl- transport. The mechanism of Cl- exit from the cell to serosal solution is uncertain andrequires further study. Rabbit gallbladder provided an ideal preparation for the characterization of NaCl cotransport and continues to be the tissue of choice for further study of this mechanism. Electrophysiological studies support the concept of nonconductive NaCl cotransport and also suggest that departures from the process of strictly neutral salt absorption may be related to the presence of additional (diffusional) pathways for Na+ and/or Cl- movement across the mucosal membrane so that the mechanistic constraint of neutral copuling between the absorptive movements of these ions is removed. Under these conditions, a significant serosa-positive transepithelial PD is observed and a fraction of Cl- absorption may be electrically coupled to that of Na+. Water is absorbed passively by virtue of osmotic coupling to electrolyte transport. A region of hypertonicity generated within the epithelium, at the level of the lateral intercellular space, provides the driving force for osmotic water flow. In view of the high osmotic water permeability of the gallbladder, the degree of hypertonicity required to account for the rate of water absorption is probably smaller than originally anticipated and is likely to be difficult to detect experimentally. Recent studies of the effects of humoral and pharmacological agents on electrolyte and water transport suggest that the rate of fluid absorption may be subject to physiological regulation. For example, secretin, which stimulates a HCO3--rich biliary secretion, also inhibits the reabsorption of this HCO3--rich fluid by the gallbladder, and in this manner may expedite the neutralization of the duodenal lumen. Inquires aimed at defining the physiological control of the absorptive functions of the gallbladder should provide an exciting avenue for future studies. PMID- 6993396 TI - Albumin synthesis. PMID- 6993397 TI - Ethanol metabolism. PMID- 6993398 TI - Regulation of hepatic cholesterogenesis. PMID- 6993399 TI - Uptake in the liver: the nature of the process. AB - The methodology developed to assess the permeability of capillaries has been extended and applied to the study of the uptake of materials by the intact liver. The sinusoidal membrane has been found to be freely permeable to dissolved substances, so that the Disse spaces are functionally a simple extension of the sinusoidal plasma space. With this free access, a concentration bolus of material dissolved in plasma is found to be propagated in a delayed fashion, to behave as if it were flowing within this larger space. Within the space an exclusion phenomenon is found: the collagen and ground substance within it reduce the proportion of the space accessible to larger molecules in a graded fashion. Beyond the Disse spaces the first biological barrier for substances characteristically taken up by the liver is the cell membrane of the hepatic parenchymal cells. The uptake of materials, in general, therefore has the characteristics of a membrane carrier transport process. The phenomena distinctively associated with this process include saturation kinetics, competitive inhibition, and isotope countertransport. Beyond the membrane those substances sequestered by biochemical transformations or biliary secretion are handled by processes that also show saturation effects. The multiple indicator dilution technique has been adapted to the study of the uptake of materials at the liver cell surface. The process has been modeled and outflow profiles have been shown to consist of a throughput component (which has not entered the cells) and a returning component (which has entered the cells and returned to the plasma space to emerge at the outflow). When the process at the cell membrane is concentrative, the throughput component is emphasized by the relatively larger delay caused in the returning component by virtue of the concentratively enlarged cellular volume. When the process is nonconcentrative, the returning component emerges earlier, so that throughput and returning components are not longer directly apparent and must be separated out by carrying out model analysis of the data with a digital computer. The uptake of tracer rubidium was found to be a typically concentrative process, and that of tracer glucose a nonconcentrative process. When substrate undergoes intracellular sequestration, a new set of phenomena emerge. The sequestration reduces the magnitude of the returning component in a tracer experiment and, with this, produces a steady state gradient in lobular concentration, a profile decreasing in magnitude from the portal area to the adjacent terminal hepatic venules. The diminution in returning components has been observed both for galactose and for the group of compounds characteristically secreted in bile in high concentration. The lobular gradient for galactose has been demonstrated autoradiographically. It is evident that a powerful new set of tools has emerged... PMID- 6993400 TI - Relation of ovarian functions to uterine and ovarian secretion of prostaglandins during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the ewe and cow. PMID- 6993401 TI - Naltrexone in chronic schizophrenia. Results of a clinical trial. AB - A 4-week clinical trial, including a 1-week placebo washout period, assessed the antipsychotic activity of naltrexone in 'newly admitted', actively hallucinating, chronic schizophrenics. Chronic naltrexone administration was found to benefit 2 patients and to be of no value in 3 patients. Responsive patients differed from non-responders by the presence of hallucinations despite adequate neuroleptic maintenance therapy and an appropriate response to pathological hallucinatory experience. On the basis of these findings, the possibility of a naltrexone responsive schizophrenic subgroup was considered. PMID- 6993402 TI - A placebo-controlled comparative study of the combined effects of oxprenolol and clomipramine in depressed patients. PMID- 6993403 TI - Clinical trial of droperidol for the determination of the neuroleptic threshold and the neuroleptic-therapeutic range. AB - In an open study involving 30 schizophrenic patients the neuroleptic threshold dose (measured using Haase's graphopathological test) and the maximum dose were determined. The neuroleptic threshold dose was 18.5 mg/day (SD = 8.84), the maximum dose was 38.2 mg/day (SD = 4.6). With reference to the effectiveness good to very good results were obtained in 15 cases. Regarding side effects 10 patients complained of extrapyramidal disturbances. This was to be expected in view of the study design aiming at the determination of the maximum dose. PMID- 6993404 TI - Cell surface glycosyltransferase activities. PMID- 6993405 TI - Immunochemistry of cytoplasmic contractile proteins. PMID- 6993406 TI - Neuromuscular disorders with abnormal muscle mitochondria. PMID- 6993407 TI - The transport of steroid hormones into animal cells. PMID- 6993409 TI - The formation of axonal sprouts in organ culture and their relationship to sprouting in vivo. PMID- 6993408 TI - CELLSIM: cell cycle simulation made easy. PMID- 6993412 TI - Structural correlates of gap junction permeation. PMID- 6993410 TI - When sperm meets egg: biochemical mechanisms of gamete interaction. PMID- 6993413 TI - Retinal pigment epithelial cell differentiation in vitro. Influence of culture medium. AB - Cultured chick pigment epithelial (PE) cells from stages 29 to 31 chick embryos grown in normal Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) exhibit marked colonial organization and differentiation. Individual cells appear epithelial and heavily pigmented. In contrast, cells grown in Ham's modified F-12 medium appear fibrocytic with colonial disorganization and little visible pigmentation. Biochemically, cells grown in F-12 medium lack receptors for both 3H-retinol and 3H-retinoic acid, although cells grown in MEM exhibit specific 3H-retinol binding. Pathways of glucose utilization differ significantly in cells grown in the two media, with considerably lower overall respiratory activity and lower pentose phosphate pathway activity seen with the F-12 medium. Thus different nutritional states can markedly affect PE cell characteristics in culture and possibly in vivo as well. PMID- 6993411 TI - Perisinusoidal stellate cells (fat-storing cells, interstitial cells, lipocytes), their related structure in and around the liver sinusoids, and vitamin A-storing cells in extrahepatic organs. PMID- 6993414 TI - Immune reactivity to different retinal antigens in patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa. AB - The immune status of patients suffering from different types of retinitis pigmentosa has been investigated. The lymphocytes of these patients could be stimulated by incubation with human soluble retinal antigens as well as with bovine rod outer segments. The results suggest the involvement of the cellular immune system in retinitis pigmentosa. The leukocyte migration inhibition test also pointed in that way, especially if bovine rhodopsin was used as the antigen. The complement fixation test suggested the presence of a nonspecific weak antibody activity in the blood of retinitis pigmentosa patients as well as of controls. This activity seemed predominantly to be directed to the insoluble fraction of human retinas. On the basis of the findings we conclude that patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa may become sensitized to retinal antigens, especially to those localized in the rod outer segments. This sensitization concerns the cell-mediated immune system and seems not to be correlated with a special type of the disease. PMID- 6993415 TI - Experimental dumping: mesenteric blood flow and fluid exchange. PMID- 6993416 TI - Electrical activity in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6993417 TI - Report of the committee set up by the Irish Medical Association to advise on the modes of action of intrauterine devices. PMID- 6993418 TI - Phagocytosis and candidacidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in uremia. AB - The phagocytic and candidacidal functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were evaluated in uremic patients. Neutrophils were derived from 12 patients treated by regular hemodialysis, eight nondialyzed uremic patients (glomerular filtration rate less than 20 ml/min), and nine healthy subjects. The ability of the neutrophils, suspended in autologous plasma, to phagocytize and kill Candida albicans cells was determined in vitro. The percentages of cells showing phagocytosis were 48.5 +/- 11.3 (SD) in the dialyzed patients, 52.7 +/- 13 in the nondialyzed uremic patients and 52.7 +/- 16.7 in the control group. The percentages of the yeast cells killed were also similar in the three groups: 27.6, 25.4, and 26.8%, respectively. There appears to be no impairment in the effector functions of the neutrophils in uremia. A possible depressive effect of the uremic plasma is also excluded. PMID- 6993419 TI - Comprehensive biofeedback versus self-monitored relaxation in the treatment of tension headache. PMID- 6993421 TI - Review article: current thoughts on migraine. PMID- 6993420 TI - Comparative trial of Tenormin (atenolol) and Inderal (propranolol) in migraine. PMID- 6993422 TI - [Classification of follicular cysts: epidermal cysts including Gunther sebocystomatosis, steatocystoma multiplex and trichilemmal cysts]. AB - The clinical and histopathological nomenclature of various follicle-derived cysts is confusing. A uniform terminology, based on histopathological criteria is proposed. Cysts may develop from vellus follicles, sebaceous follicles, and terminal hair follicles. The various sections from each follicle may give rise to various types of cysts: 1. the infundibulum to epidermal cysts (e.g. epidermal cysts, comedones, milia, and scrotal cysts); 2. the sebaceous ducts and sebaceous acini to steatocystoma multiplex; 3. the infraglandular portion of the infrainfundibulum to trichilemmal cysts (atheromas). A clinical variant of epidermal cysts, the scrotal cysts, at times incorrectly called sebocystomatosis Gunther, is described in 10 patients. For all types of cysts clinical and histopathological guidelines are offered. PMID- 6993423 TI - [Arnica allergy]. AB - Arnica montana L. (plant family: Compositae) is one of the oldest and most important drug plants. Besides its healing effects it also reveals sensitizing properties. From the literature more than 35 references with more than 100 cases of contact dermatitis could be cited, completed by four own cases. In most cases sensitization was induced by self treatment with tincture of Arnica, whereas occupational contact dermatitis in drug sellers of pharmacists is rare. Chemical and animal experimental investigations corroborated the high sensitizing capacity of Arnica montana L. and near related Arnica species. The low toxic threshold often causes also primary toxic skin reactions. The sesquiterpene lactones helenalin, its acetate and methacrylate have been proved to be the primary sensitizers. As more Arnica-containing drugs are entering the market it is proposed to include Arnica again in the standard test series. PMID- 6993424 TI - [Histologic studies on the frequency of Candida invasion in precancerous oral leukoplakia]. AB - Out of 243 biopsies taken from oral leukoplakias of 202 patients we found 53 precancerous lesions (21,8%). According to different degrees of epithelial dysplasia, we differentiated the lesions into three histological grades of precancerosis and examined them, in additon to previous mykologic investigations on oral smears, as to the occurrence of Candida species in the epithelium. A significant increase (p less than or equal to 5%) of Candida occurrence parallel to the grade of the precancerous dysplasia could be demonstrated. The rates of Candida invasion run from 10% in dysplasia grade 1 to 31% in grade 2, and 56% in grade 3. The results indicate a lowered resistence of precancerous lesions against Candida, which allows the microorganisms to invade the displastic epithelium. Our findings are in favour of the view that Candida acts not as a co carcinogenic agent but points to a weakened defence activity of the host cellular immune system. PMID- 6993426 TI - [50 years of dermatology at the Thalkirchner Street Municipal Hospital. Retrospective and prospective view]. PMID- 6993425 TI - [Congenital histiocytosis X. Papulo-nodal necrotic form]. AB - A child with congenital cutaneous form of Histiocytosis X - the Letterer-Siwe disease - is reported. Since birth there is a papulo-nodular and necrotic eruption, involving the entire skin. No changes in internal organs were discovered. The histologic investigation of skin lesions revealed infiltrates of histiocytes with considerable polymorphism. In spite of the treatment with antibiotics, the skin lesions deteriorated with an enlargement of the necrosis. On the 19th day after delivery a corticosteroid treatment was started, which continued for 60 days. The skin lesions improved considerably and gradually disappeared completely. The child was followed up for 7 1/2 years. No relapses or new skin lesions were observed. PMID- 6993427 TI - The biological hazards of 14C. PMID- 6993428 TI - Surgical treatment of midface deformities. AB - Midface deformities may be treated either by osteotomies that advance the maxilla or by osteotomies that retract the mandible. A transfacial technique is presented by which the cheekbones, the infraorbital rim, and the superior dental arch are advanced. The indications for this intervention are more widespread than those for Le Fort I osteotomies or mandibular osteotomies. Postoperative complications and risks of recidivism are reduced for this method because of the use of small screw-on plates for frontomalar osteosynthesis. Fifty-two cases of osteotomy are presented with special consideration of problems caused by bone grafting and postoperative occlusion and with a discussion of the factors responsible for relapse. PMID- 6993429 TI - Repair of nasal fistula secondary to radiation therapy for Eales's disease. AB - Eales's disease is characterized by neovascularization and idiopathic retinal and vitreous hemorrhages. Therapy in the past included the use of radiation. A case is reported of a patient who received a dose of 15,000 roentgens (approximately 14,250 rad) to the right eye via temporal and nasal portals. He subsequently lost vision in that eye. Thirty years after the radiation was administered, a nasocutaneous fistula developed, and it was closed with a forehead island flap. PMID- 6993430 TI - Quinacrine accumulates in certain peptide hormone-producing cells. AB - Quinacrine is a fluorescent anti-malarial acridine derivative which binds selectively to a population of nerves, presumably peptidergic, and to certain peptide hormone-producing cells. Among these cells are glycopeptide hormone producing cells in the adenohypophysis, the calcitonin cells in the thyroid, the insulin, glucagon and PP cells in the pancreatic islets, and the gastrin cells in the pyloric antrum. Available evidence suggests that the fluorophore accumulates in the secretory granules. The half-life of the fluorescence varies from one cell type to another, from 6 h in the gastrin cells to 40 h in the insulin cells. It cannot be excluded that the half-life of the fluorescence reflects the turn-over rate of the secretory granules and that the disappearance rate of the fluorescence is dependent upon the secretory activity of the cell. PMID- 6993431 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of the indirect, antibody-conjugated and the triple bridge immunoperoxidase methods for immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - A comparison between two immunoperoxidase staining procedures, a triple-bridge and an indirect, antibody-conjugated method, was made to determine the relative sensitivity of each technique in the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in routine tissue sections. The enzyme-antibody conjugates for the indirect procedure were prepared according to the method of Nakane and Kawaoi (1974). The indirect, antibody-conjugated method, proved to be slightly more sensitive than the triple-bridge by two criteria. First, CEA could be localized using higher dilutions of the primary antiserum by the indirect technique, and secondly, tissues were shown to stain for CEA in specimens with lower tissue CEA levels by the indirect procedure than by the triple-bridge method. The preparation of enzyme-antibody conjugates is a relatively simple procedure and, in addition, the conjugates will remain stable when kept frozen or at 4 degrees C. Background staining due to non-specific interaction of the conjugate with the tissue can be eliminated easily by incubation with normal serum. These results indicate that the indirect, antibody-conjugated method can be used to enhance the staining of CEA in routine tissue sections. PMID- 6993433 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of an albumin-like substance in the rat pineal gland. AB - Two rabbits and two guinea pigs were immunized with arginine vasotocin (AVT) conjugated to bovine albumin with glutaraldehyde. Only one preparation of antiserum (anti-G 7) was of value. Anti-G 7 immunochemically defined the same rat pineal cells previously reported as presumptive AVT cells. However, absorption of anti-G 7 with bovine albumin inhibited the staining of the pineal cells demonstrating that they contained an albumin-like substance. Positive immunochemical staining of the rat pars nervosa suggested that anti-G 7 contained antibodies able to react with arginine vasopressin (AVP). Loss of a positive reaction in the posterior lobe on absorption of anti-G 7 with AVT or AVP confirmed this. However, the addition of AVT to anti-G 7 failed to inhibit the immunochemical staining of the pineal cells. This study reports the presence of an albumin-like substance in pineal cells previously described as presumptive AVT cells, and discusses possible explanations for the inability of anti-G 7 to recognize immunocytochemically the native AVT molecule. Confirmation of AVT in the pineal gland by immunocytochemistry must await the availability of more specific antisera. PMID- 6993432 TI - Localisation of esteroproteases in 'resting' salivary glands from different species and the effects of the organophosphorus inhibitor E600. AB - The distribution of reaction sites for esteroproteases has been assessed in 'resting' salivary glands from rats, guinea-pigs, cats, dogs and rabbits using the new substrate N-acetyl-L-methionine alpha-naphthyl ester (Lexow et al. 1979). Two main types of activity were observed in the parenchyma. 1) Condensed staining was present on the luminal sides of certain ducts in some, but not all, glands, and this type of staining was always most conspicuous in the submandibular glands of each species. It is likely that this periluminal esteroprotease activity arises from secretory enzymes that will pass into the saliva. Their greater presence in submandibular glands may have association with specialised licking activities. 2) Variable diffuse cytoplasmic staining was present in certain acinar cells from some, but not all, glands. This was most pronounced in the mucous cells of zygomatic glands from dogs. It is considered that the enzymes demonstrated in acinar cells are involved in processing secretory products rather than in being secretory themselves. The possibility that this includes 'signal peptidase' is discussed. Ductal activity in rats, cats and guinea-pigs had some relationship with sites of tryptophan staining but not in rabbits or dogs. Any relationship with acinar staining was less evident. Mast cells, showing strong esteroprotease staining, were present in variable numbers in the different glands. Preliminary attempts to qualify the enzymes being demonstrated were made by using the inhibitor E600. This substance inhibited all activity in acinar cells from each species, and in rabbits and dogs it also inhibited the ductal activity as well. However, in rats and guinea-pigs it had little or no effect on the ductal activity and in cats it had only a small inhibitory effect on the ductal activity. E600 had no obvious inhibitory effects on mast cell activity. PMID- 6993434 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of VIP, [Met5]-and [Leu5]-enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibres in the human prostate and seminal vesicles. AB - The distribution of nerves containing immunoreactivity for the VIP and enkephalins has been demonstrated in the human prostate and seminal vesicles using the immunoperoxidase bridge. VIP-containing nerves were detected in both organs studied mainly in association with the epithelium, while nerves containing ELI seemed to be related to smooth muscle. Compared with the distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in the prostate marked differences in the density of the innervation were detected. The possible nature of these peptide containing nerves is discussed. PMID- 6993435 TI - Identification, ultrastructure and classification of gut endocrine cells and related growths. PMID- 6993437 TI - Abdominal hysterectomy: comparison of closed cuff, open cuff, and staple closure techniques. PMID- 6993436 TI - The classification of the human gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells. AB - A description of the gastroenteropancreatic cells as identified by immunocytochemical techniques is presented. A functional classification of these cells is proposed where function is defined as the production of a chemical messenger be it a polypeptide or a biogenic amine. The discovery of the polypeptide-containing neurons has created a new area for investigation. This will be outlined briefly although the majority of the peptidergic-type synaptic profiles have as yet to be linked with the production of a particular polypeptide. PMID- 6993438 TI - Improved five year survival after combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy for stage I II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6993439 TI - Systemic irradiation for selected stage IV and recurrent pediatric solid tumors: method, toxicity, and preliminary results. PMID- 6993440 TI - The value of preoperative radiotherapy in operable mammary carcinoma. PMID- 6993441 TI - Total body irradiation in bone marrow transplantation: the influence of fractionation and delay of marrow infusion. PMID- 6993442 TI - Split-course radiation therapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx: results of a national collaborative clinical trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. PMID- 6993443 TI - Remission of massive metastastis from undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung associated with intensive meditation. PMID- 6993444 TI - Memories of what mother told about her cousin Carl Gustav Jung. PMID- 6993445 TI - An evaluation of behavioral techniques reinforced with an anorectic drug in a double-blind weight loss study. AB - Sixty obese outpatients participated in a double-blind comparison of diethylpropion hydrochloride and placebo in conjunction with a behavior modification program for weight reduction. Assessments of efficacy and program acceptance included total weight loss, percent of initial (baseline) weight loss, percent excess weight lost, effectiveness of overall program, and helpfulness of medication. Diethylpropion was significantly better than placebo in all five assessments. An added behavioral technique, a substantial refundable deposit of money, reduced the attrition rate of all study entrants from 50% to 10%; thus patient compliance was greatly enhanced. PMID- 6993446 TI - Alprazolam compared to diazepam and placebo in the treatment of anxiety. AB - Alprazolam was compared to diazepam and placebo in 235 outpatients suffering from manifest anxiety. In this 28-day double-blind study, alprazolam was more effective than placebo and essentially equivalent to diazepam in alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. However, alprazolam produced a markedly lower incidence of side effects than either diazepam or placebo. Of particular note, drowsiness was reported less than half as frequently by alprazolam patients than by diazepam patients. These results were achieved with an average daily dose of 1.5 mg alprazolam compared to 18.6 mg diazepam. PMID- 6993448 TI - A cathepsin D-like acid proteinase from human gastric mucosa. Purification and characterization. AB - A cathepsin D-like acid proteinase from human gastric mucosa was purified for the first time to homogeneity as examined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 85,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and, after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, about 38,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the native enzyme is composed of two apparently identical monomeric units. The protein band could also be stained with the Schiff reagent after periodate oxidation, indicating that the proteinase is a glycoprotein. Analyses showed that the enzyme contains approximately 4 glucosamine and 16 mannose residues per molecule (M.W. 85,000). The amino acid composition generally resembled those of cathepsins D except for the lower contents of basic amino acid residues, especially lysine. It also showed some similarity to pepsinogens. The optimal pH was 2.3--3.5 with hemoglobin as a substrate. The enzyme was strongly inhibited, like pepsin, by 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP) as well as by pepstatin and diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN) in the presence of cupric ions. The proteinase was stable in alkaline solution up to pH 9.0, and was rather stable to sequential acidification and neutralization. The acidification resulted in an increase of electrophoretic mobility towards the anode. PMID- 6993449 TI - Studies on the distribution of acid proteases in primate lungs and other tissues by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. PMID- 6993447 TI - Trazodone, a triazolopyridine derivative, in primary depressive disorder. AB - A double-blind controlled study was conducted to compare the effects of imipramine and placebo with trazodone, a new antidepressant, in 45 hospitalized patients with primary depression. After a three to seven-day baseline period, patients were treated for four weeks. Response was assessed by the Hamilton Psychiatric Scale for Depression, Structured Clinical Interview, Clinical Global Impression, and Global Ward Behavior Scale. The antidepressant effect of trazodone was evident within seven days of treatment and persisted throughout the study. Patients treated with imipramine also improved, but the response was not as great or as rapid as in the trazodone group. PMID- 6993450 TI - Bacillus thermoglucosidius alpha-glucosidase. Temperature dependence of activity and stability. AB - A p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside-hydrolyzing alpha-glucosidase from an obligate thermophile, Bacillus thermoglucosidius KP 1006, gave a triphasic relationship at pH 6.8 in the van't Hoff plot of Km, in the Arrhenius plot of the first order rate constant of inactivation with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in the logarithmic plot of the maximal fluorescence intensity at 346 nm versus reciprocal of temperature. The respective plots exhibited two breaks at 40 and 61 degrees C, 43 and 62 degrees C, and 40 and 61 degrees C. However, the Arrhenius plot of the molecular activity at pH 6.8 had a single discontinuity at 64 degrees C. These findings, together with thermodynamic quantities for the enzyme, suggest that the thermal conformation changes in the enzyme protein occur around 40--43 degrees C and 61--64 degrees C. The Arrhenius plot of the rate constant of heat inactivation at pH 6.8 was bent at 73 degrees C. Thermodynamic data indicate that the enzyme is transformed from a heat stable form into a heat unstable form at 73 degrees C with temperature elevation. The critical points localized near the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures (40, 60, and 72 degrees C) of the cell growth, respectively. PMID- 6993451 TI - Purification and enzymatic properties of glyoxylate reductase II from baker's yeast. AB - Glyoxylate reductase II was purified about 2,400-fold from a cell extract of baker's yeast by protamine sulfate treatment, and column chromatographies on DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-150, and phosphocellulose. The purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 65,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme was greatly stabilized by the addition of 20% (v/v) glycerol. It catalyzed the reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate and was specific for NADPH as an electron donor, but showed slight affinity towards NADH. The Michaelis constants for glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, NADPH, and NADH were found to be 16mM, 1.4 mM, 5.7 microM, and 0.43 mM, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) and iodoacetate, but inhibition was prevented by dithiothreitol (DTT) or L cysteine. The reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate was not stimulated by anions. PMID- 6993452 TI - Importance of the carboxyl-terminal four amino acid residues in the inhibitory activity of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (with a revision of its carboxyl terminal sequence). AB - The carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was reinvestigated by analysis of the amino acid sequences of the thermolysin peptides from the C-terminal decapeptide, and the sequence -Val110 Ala-Phe-Phe113, which was reported in J. Biochem. 76, 1191-1209 (1974), was revised to -Val110-Phe-Ala-Phe113. Carboxypeptidase A digestion of SSI resulted in loss of the inhibitory activity in parallel with the release of the carboxyl terminal four amino acid residues. The resulting modified inhibitor, des(Val110 Phe113)-SSI, possessed almost full inhibitory activity against subtilisin BPN' when the inhibitor was incubated with the enzyme in amounts less than one mol of enzyme per mol of the inhibitor. However, no inhibitor activity was observed when the molar ratio of the inhibitor to the enzyme was less than one. This phenomenon suggests that the carboxyl-terminal four amino acid residues might play an important role in the maintenance of the three-dimensional structure of SSI, which resists the action of the proteinase. The addition of more than 30-fold molar excess of SSI-(104-113)-decapeptide (C-terminal decapeptide of SSI) to the modified inhibitor resulted in refolding of the polypeptide chain, rendering it immune from proteolytic digestion. PMID- 6993453 TI - A possible functional relationship between microsomal aromatic aldehyde-ketone reductase and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Aromatic ketone reductase activity of microsomes showed a unique cofactor requirement: Addition of NADP and glucose-6-phosphate was as effective as that of an artificial NADPH generating system, whereas NADPH alone served as a cofactor less efficiently. Microsomal aromatic ketone reductase, purified partially from guinea pig liver microsomes after solubilization with Triton X-100, reduced 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, aromatic aldehydes, and ketones with NADPH as a cofactor. However, addition of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, purified from the same source, as an NADPH generator produced about 2 times higher activity than that of yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or NADPH alone. PMID- 6993454 TI - Fluorescence quenching as an indicator for the exposure of tryptophyl residues in Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. AB - Fluorescence quenching by acrylamide and trichloroethanol of two equivalent tryptophyl residues in Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor (SSI) was studied in several different conformations of the protein. Fluorescence intensity and polarization degree were simultaneously observed, and the relation between fluorescence intensity and lifetime was examined. The quenching profiles showed deviation from the Stern-Volmer plots. In the denatured form, a nonstoichiometric mechanism which differs from the static and dynamic one was found to be applicable to the interpretation of quenching by acrylamide. Quenching by trichloroethanol proceeds via the nonstoichiometric process for both the native (N) and the denatured (D) form. Each quenching constant obtained from SSI in N- or D-form for acrylamide or trichloroethanol quenching was compared with the others or with that from free tryptophan, as an indicator of the relative exposure of tryptophyl residues. The quenching constant of acrylamide for the urea denatured D-form is larger than that for the acid denatured D-form. The urea denatured state has more exposed tryptophyl residues. Temperature dependence of fluorescence quenching by Cs+ was also studied and a structural fluctuation was found around Trp-86 prior to the massive unfolding of the hydrophobic core containing the residue. PMID- 6993455 TI - Calorimetric study of the reduction of the disulfide bonds in insulin. AB - Calorimetric measurement was made on the reduction of the three disulfide bonds of insulin by dithiothreitol (DTT). The reaction was performed at 298 K in three different buffer solutions of pH 9.6. The observed heat changes were corrected for the enthalpy of proton release from the buffer components and the net heat of reaction of insulin with DTT was determined to be delta H0 = 51.5 +/- 1.4 kJ(mol insulin)-1. By subtracting the enthalpy of DTT oxidation (Fukada, H. & Takahashi, K. (1980) J. Biochem. 87, 1105--1110), the standard enthalpy of reduction of insulin was found to be delta H = 78.8 +/- 7.9 kJ(mol insulin)-1. Using the enthalpy change for reduction of random-coil proteins by dithioerythritol (Johnson, R.E., Adams, P., & Rupley, J.A. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1479-1484), the enthalpy change associated with the conformational change of insulin alone was evaluated to be delta H = 74 +/- 2 kJ(mol insulin)-1 (or 13 J(g protein)-1, a value very similar to that observed for the denaturation of other globular proteins. PMID- 6993456 TI - The interaction of the fluorescent probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate with Carlsberg subtilisin. AB - 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (Ans) binds to Carlsberg subtilisin [EC 3.4.21.14] with a large enhancement of its fluorescence intensity and a shift of the emission maximum to shorter wavelength. The present study indicated that one molecule of Ans binds to Carlsberg subtilisin and inhibits the hydrolysis of substrates in a noncompetitive manner. The dissociation constants of Ans Carlsberg subtilisin complex were 6.5 x 10(-4) M at pH 6.5 and 7.8, respectively, in terms of fluorescence titration, being in accord with the values 5 approximately 8 x 10(-4) M at pH 7.8) obtained from kinetic studies using various substrates. The dissociation constant of N alpha-acetyl-2-(2-nitro-4 carboxyphenylsulfenyl)-L-tryptophan methyl ester (Ac-Trp(NCps)-OMe), which is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, however, became 3.3 times greater in the presence of Ans. It was also observed that the fluorescence intensity of the Ans enzyme complex decreased in the presence of Ac-Trp(NCps)-OMe or N alpha-acetyl-O trans-p-phenylazobenzoyl-L-tyrosine methyl ester (Ac-Tyr(PABz)-OMe). These phenomena suggest that the Ans binding site is in the vicinity of the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6993457 TI - Purification and characterization of yeast protease B. AB - Protease B [EC 3.4.22.9] was purified from baker's yeast by plasmolysis of yeast, acid activation, acid precipitation, and column chromatographies on QAE-Sephadex, SP-Sephadex, D-tryptophan methyl ester-Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and sulfhydryl blocking reagents. Chymostatin and antipain at extremely low concentrations (1 micro M) inhibited the protease B. The effects of the enzyme on various yeast enzymes were examined by measuring their inactivation. The enzyme inactivated 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.44] and uricase [EC 1.7.3.3], but not malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37], alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1], glutamate dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.3], glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] or hexokinase [EC 2.7.1.1]. PMID- 6993458 TI - Studies on bacterial chemotaxis. V. Possible involvement of four species of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli. AB - Chemotactic Escherichia coli contains five major methyl-accepting proteins. Three of them were identified as the product of tsr gene, tar gene and peptide elongation factor Tu. Electrophoretic analysis of sulfur-labeled proteins and methyl-labeled proteins from trg mutants, which lost the ability of chemotaxis only towards ribose, galactose and their analogs, showed that the product of trg gene was another methyl-accepting protein i.e. a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein for ribose and galactose (trg-MCP). The last methylatable protein, named as MCP-IV, seems to be involved in chemosensory transduction (accompanying paper). Thus, it is possible that chemosensory transduction in E. coli involves four species of MCP, although no genetic evidence for MCP-IV has yet been found. A hypothesis relating a change in the methylation of MCP with a movement of ions is presented. PMID- 6993459 TI - Studies on bacterial chemotaxis. VI. Effect of cheX mutation on the methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein of Escherichia coli. AB - A membrane from Escherichia coli cheX mutants failed to accept the methyl-moiety when incubated with a cytoplasm of wild type bacteria. The possibility of reduced production of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) as a result of the effect of cheX mutation was considered. However, analysis of sulfur labeled proteins from cheX mutants by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the proportion of non-esterified MCP increased in cheX mutants while the total amount of MCP was not seriously affected. Thus the decreased methylation of MCP in cheX mutants, as detected by the methyl-labeling experiment, is not caused by an effect of cheX mutation on the production of MCP back-bone protein but by a defect in the device for methylation. The presence of four species of MCP's whose extent of methylation was affected by cheX mutation as well as cheB mutation was also shown by this experiment. PMID- 6993460 TI - Alpha-casein-binding proteins of guinea pig macrophage membranes and their possible roles in chemotaxis. AB - The existence of specific binding proteins for alpha-casein, a well-known potent chemoattractant, on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages was demonstrated. Binding of 3H-alpha-casein to macrophages was found to be specific and reversible. Its association constant and the number of binding sites were 5.0 X 10(-6) M and 7.5 X 10(5) per cell, respectively. The presence of formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), another chemoattractant, at a chemotactically active concentration (10(-11) to 10(-6) M) reduced this binding significantly. Pretreatment of macrophages with proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin decreased the number of binding sites for alpha-casein and the chemotactic response to alpha-casein. alpha-Casein binding proteins were isolated from radiolabeled macrophage surface membranes by affinity chromatography on a column of alpha-casein Sepharose 4B. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the isolated proteins revealed three radioactive bands; two (MW 130,000 and 65,000) were glycoproteins, and the other (MW 100,000) was a protein which contained little carbohydrate. These three proteins were also isolated from the same source by affinity chromatography using a column of fMet-Leu-Phe-AH-Sepharose. This result, together with the observation that fMet-Leu-Phe inhibited the binding of alpha-casein to macrophages, indicated that alpha-casein and the tripeptide have at least partly common binding sites on guinea pig macrophages. Some of the proteins obtained in this work may constitute chemotactic receptors on the macrophage membrane. PMID- 6993461 TI - L-Alloisocitrate dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase from a Pseudomonas sp. utilizing L-alloisocitrate. AB - Two novel enzymes, NAD+-linked L-alloisocitrate (erythro-Ls-isocitrate) dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase, were found and purified from a strain of Pseudomonas isolated as an L-alloisocitrate utilizing bacterium. The former enzyme catalyzes a reversible oxidation-reduction between L-alloisocitrate and oxalosuccinate which favors oxalosuccinate reduction. The latter enzyme catalyzes rapid decarboxylation of oxalosuccinate to alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2. Both enzymes require no metals for their activities. Complete oxidative decarboxylation of L-alloisocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate occurs as a result of the sequential reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes. L-Alloisocitrate induces both enzymes in the growing pseudomonad. PMID- 6993462 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of experimental lingual candidiasis in rats]. AB - Experimental lingual candidosis becomes rapidly aggressive in vitamin B deficient rats, receiving Terramycin. The candidosis extends in multiple areas of the tongue, destroying mucosal papillae. The scanning electron microscope is an invaluable instrument to study the alterations of the lingual surface. PMID- 6993463 TI - Intracellular degradation of insulin stores by rat pancreatic islets in vitro. An alternative pathway for homeostasis of pancreatic insulin content. PMID- 6993464 TI - The generation of sulfation factor activity by proteolytic modification of growth hormone. PMID- 6993465 TI - Binding of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid to the fatty acid binding sites on serum albumin. AB - The ability of the fatty acid binding sites of serum albumin to bind lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus pyogenes was investigated. Initial studies indicated that lipoteichoic acid, but not its deacylated deprivative, protected albumin from being denatured by heat (80C for 1 h) and changed its mobility in an electrical field. Albumin covalently linked to agarose beads bound radiolabeled lipoteichoic acid, and the bound [3H]lipoteichoic acid could be specifically eluted with unlabeled lipoteichoic acid or albumin but not with other proteins tested. After binding to albumins, the lipoteichoic acid also could be quantitatively eluted with 50% ethanol and various detergents but not with up to 1.0 M sodium chloride. Binding of lipoteichoic acid to albumin followed first order kinetics, reaching saturation at 12 h. Analysis of the binding data by a Scatchard plot indicated heterogeneity of the binding sites on the albumin molecule similar to that previously reported for fatty acids. The affinity of binding of lipoteichoic acid to albumin was found to be intermediate between that previously reported for octanoic and palmitic acids, respectively. Based on these findings, we prepared affinity columns of immobilized albumin and were able to separate biologically active lipoteichoic acid from heterogeneous extracts of S. pyogenes. PMID- 6993466 TI - Characterization of a mutant human insulin species. PMID- 6993467 TI - Insulin regulation of branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue. AB - The enzyme which oxidizes alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate to 14CO2 is activated by incubation of adipose tissue segments with insulin. A 3-fold reduction in the apparent Km of the enzyme for alpha-ketoisocaproate was observed when homogenates of adipose tissue segments treated with insulin were compared to homogenates of control tissues. The enzyme was assayed at various times after homogenization of adipose tissue segments. Relatively small changes were observed in the activity from control or insulin-treated tissues for 30 min after homogenization. The persistence of the insulin effect after homogenization suggests that insulin may cause a covalent modification of the enzyme. The possibility that alpha ketoisocaproate is oxidized by pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is also stimulated by insulin, is unlikely since the enzyme responsible for oxidation of 14C-labeled branched chain alpha-keto acids can be inactivated by heat at a rate distinct from that of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Moreover, unlabeled branched chain alpha keto acids inhibit the oxidation of alpha-keto[1-14C]isocaproate but not that of [1-14C]pyruvate. Branched chain alpha-keto acid hydrogenase can be activated by incubation of adipose tissue homogenates in the presence of magnesium chloride and in the absence of ATP. The addition of ATP plus an ATP-regenerating system reverses the activation of the enzyme. The apparent Km of the enzyme is reduced and the Vmax is increased by incubation of tissue extracts under appropriate conditions. PMID- 6993468 TI - Some effects of indole on the interaction of amino acids with tryptophanase. AB - Although indole is a potent inhibitor (KI = 0.01 mM) of pyruvate formation from substrates of tryptophanase (EC 4.1.99.1, from Escherichia coli), we could not detect binding of indole to free tryptophanase (KD greater than 1.0 mM). However, indole, skatole, and toluene increased the affinity of tryptophanase for certain inhibitory amino acids. Binding of amino acids with small side chains (e.g. Ala, Gly) was increased, but there was little or no effect on the binding of amino acids with bulky side chains (e.g. norvaline, ethionine). These effects were quantitated by using changes in the absorption spectra of the enzyme . amino acid complexes. Indole decreases the absorbance obtainable at 500 nm for amino acids with small hydrophobic side chains (L-Ala, Gly), increases this absorbance for amino acids with small polar side chains (beta-cyano-L-alanine), and does not change the spectra of tryptophanase complexes with amino acids with bulky side chains, i.e. amino acids whose binding affinities are unaffected by indole. These spectral differences are interpreted in terms of an effect of bound indole (or side chain binding) on the partitioning of the bound amino acid between catalytic forms of the enzyme. The data indicate that substrate-induced conformational changes occur at the enzyme active site that generate a high affinity indole binding site during catalytic turnover of tryptophanase and are important in the catalytic functioning of the enzyme. These changes also explain reproducible differences in KI values observed previously for amino acids in different assay systems used for steady state kinetic inhibition studies. The optimal conditions for the growth of E. coli for tryptophanase production are outlined, together with a procedure for purification of holotryptophanase. PMID- 6993469 TI - Effects of fasting and insulin administration on polyribosome formation in rat epididymal fat cells. AB - Polyribosomes from rat epididymal fat pads may be prepared in a synthetically active state and high yield by quick-freezing the tissue in liquid nitrogen, followed by grinding to a frozen powder. The number of initiated (active) ribosomes is limiting in a cell-free protein synthesis assay derived from the frozen preparation that measures completion of nascent polypeptide chains. When starved rats are killed 30 min after a single injection of insulin (0.8 unit, subcutaneously) there is a shift in the ribosomal distribution pattern (on sucrose density gradients) in the direction of larger polyribosomes. This is accompanied by a 2-fold increase in protein synthetic activity of fat cell ribosomes as measured in vitro. When isolated epididymal fat cells are treated with insulin, with or without added glucose, a 2-fold increase in the rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein is noted within 40 min. The parallel increases in the number of initiated ribosomes, in their synthetic activity in vitro, and in the apparent protein synthetic activity of the whole cell indicate a rapidly evolving action of insulin at the level of peptide chain initiation. PMID- 6993470 TI - Growth phase dependence of invertase mRNA levels in yeast. AB - Poly(A)-containing RNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was translated in the wheat germ protein-synthesizing system and yielded as one of its products a polypeptide which was identified as invertase. This characterization was based on the presence of a protein band at 60,000 daltons following immunoprecipitation with a specific invertase antibody, and the formation from this protein of staphylococcal V8 protease and cyanogen bromide peptides, which were similar in size to those from carbohydrate-depleted invertase. The observed increase in invertase activity from the early to mid logarithmic stage of cell growth was synchronous with the appearance of translatable invertase mRN in these cells. No translatable invertase mRNA, however, was detected in late logarithmic cells, although a constant level of invertase activity was present in the culture medium. PMID- 6993471 TI - The effect of glucose on the synthesis and glycosylation of the polypeptide moiety of yeast external invertase. PMID- 6993472 TI - A mutation of the B220 subunit gene affects the structural and functional properties of yeast RNA polymerase B in vitro. AB - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant rpo B1 produces a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B defective in RNA synthesis in vitro. RNA polymerase B purified from the mutant is altered both structurally and functionally. The enzyme is defective in the RNA chain initiation and elongation reactions. Enzyme-DNA binding is comparatively much less affected. These enzymological defects in the mutant enzyme are enhanced at elevated ionic strengths. Purified rpo B1 RNA polymerase B is lacking B32 and B16.5 subunits. However, the low activity of the mutant enzyme cannot be accounted for only by the loss of these two polypeptides. Wild type enzyme devoid of B32 and B16.5 subunits can be obtained after a mild urea treatment. This enzyme variant, called RNA polymerase B, does not share the enzymological properties of the mutant RNA polymerase. Immunoprecipitation of the enzyme from crude extracts shows that, in the rpo B1 mutant, a normal amount of RNA polymerase B is synthesized which contains the full complement of subunits. The polypeptide chain altered by the rpo B1 mutation was identified by partial proteolysis with proteinase K in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The 35S labeled peptide pattern generated from the B220 subunit of the mutant enzyme differs markedly from the peptide pattern of the wild type subunit. The rpo B1 mutation therefore alters the B220 subunit, suggesting a role for this subunit in RNA chain elongation and in the association of the B32 and B16.5 subunits to the RNA polymerase molecule. PMID- 6993474 TI - Evidence that insulin activates an intrinsic plasma membrane protease in generating a secondary chemical mediator. AB - Three lines of evidence are presented which support the hypothesis that the binding of insulin to rat adipocyte plasma membranes activates a membrane protease which results in the production of a soluble factor that stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity when added to mitochondria. First, low concentrations of trypsin (0.01 to 0.1 microgram/ml) mimic the action of insulin on plasma membranes in this system. Second, inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases (soy trypsin inhibitor, ovomucoid) block insulin action on the plasma membrane, as do exogenous protease substrates which are esters of arginine, presumably by preventing the normal interaction of the protease and its endogenous membrane substrate. Third, digestion by proteases (0.1 mg/ml of trypsin, chymotrypsin, or papain) of the soluble material released from plasma membranes after insulin treatment blocks the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the mediator may be a peptide released by a proteolytic reaction. PMID- 6993473 TI - Structure of cloned DNA complementary to rat prolactin messenger RNA. PMID- 6993475 TI - The structure of D-galactose-binding protein at 4.1 A resolution looks like L arabinose-binding protein. AB - The structure of D-galactose-binding protein, a receptor for both high affinity active transport system and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli, has been solved at 4.1 A resolution using three heavy atom derivatives. The molecule is ellipsoidal with dimensions of about 65 X 35 X 35 A. The overall shape of the molecule and the indication that the molecule consists of two domains separated by a cleft are reminiscent of the structure of L-arabinose-binding protein. PMID- 6993476 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of glutamine amidotransferases by the antitumor drug L (alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125). AB - L-(alphaS, 5S)-alpha-Amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125), an antitumor drug isolated from Streptomyces sviceus, is an active site-directed affinity analog of glutamine. It selectively inactivates the glutamine-dependent activities of two bacterial glutamine amidotransferases, anthranilate synthase and glutamate synthase. A reversible noncovalent complex is formed prior to irreversible enzyme modification. Inactivation of anthranilate synthase results from incorporation of approximately 1 eq of AT-125/enzyme protomer. Active site cysteine-83 in Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase Component II is the residue alkylated by AT-125. Anthranilate synthase is rapidly inactivated by AT 125 IN S. marcescens cells. In vivo inactivation is by the same mechanism as in vitro. PMID- 6993477 TI - The NH2-terminal sequence of a precursor form of the arabinose binding protein. AB - Cell-free arabinose binding protein (ABP) was synthesized using a mRNA-directed Escherichia coli S30 translation system. The source of the mRNA was a total cellular RNA extract from cultures of E. coli B/r ara A 39, induced for ABP production. Purification of in vitro ABP was effected by affinity chromatography on a column of purified anti-ABP coupled to Sepharose 4B, followed by Sephadex G 75 chromatography in 9% formic acid. The purified in vitro ABP was found to have a molecular weight approximately 3000 greater than native ABP. Comparison of the CNBr peptide fragments of native and in vitro ABP demonstrated an NH2-terminal extension of 23 amino acids not present in native ABP. The identities of 20 of the residues in the extension were established, and the characteristics of this region resemble the features proposed for signal sequences that function in protein secretion. PMID- 6993478 TI - Biochemical and structural studies of the tetragonal crystalline modification of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu. AB - The tetragonal crystalline form of the trypsin-treated Escherichia coli protein elongation factor Tu has been analyzed by biochemical and x-ray crystallographic techniques. The crystals contain two tightly associated polypeptide fragments of molecular weight 36,000 and 6,500 which represent 97% of the native enzyme. The crystals do not contain a short internal polypeptide fragment of 14 amino acids which dissociates from the native enzyme following mild trypsin digestion. The short fragment has been implicated in the aminoacyl-tRNA binding function and its location has been determined. The structure of the modified enzyme in the P4(3)2(1)2 crystal form has been determined to 5 A resolution by x-ray diffraction methods. The protein consists of two domains: the larger domain exhibits considerable alpha helical characteristics and the smaller domain has no identifiable secondary structural features. The relationship between the double domain structure of the enzyme and its biochemical properties is discussed. PMID- 6993479 TI - The amino acid sequence of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from bakers' yeast. PMID- 6993480 TI - The amino acid sequence of rabbit cardiac tropomyosin. AB - The amino acid sequence of rabbit cardiac tropomyosin has been investigated by the isolation of peptides derives from cyanogen bromide and proteolytic degradations. Based on identical amino acid compositions, electrophoretic mobilities, and in some cases, NH2-terminal analyses, all peptides were shown to be the same as peptides in the amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal alpha tropomyosin. The apparent heterogeneity of the cardiac protein previously observed on alkaline-urea polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels is attributable to a phosphorylated species. We conclude that the primary structures of the cardiac and skeletal alpha component are identical. Differences in actin-linked calcium regulation in skeletal and cardiac muscle must reside largely in the troponin components. PMID- 6993481 TI - Evidence for a repeated protein structure in the 30 S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosome. AB - Protein S6 of Escherichia coli ribosome is an acidic protein on the 30 S subunit moiety and it exists in five forms differing only in the number of glutamic acid residues at the COOH terminus. I have determined the total number of copies of all five forms of S6 in the ribosome, using a wild type E. coli (MRE600) and a mutant strain (derivative of K12) that contains only one of these forms (Hitz, H., Schafer, D., and Wittmann-Liebold, B. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 75,497-512). For this purpose, the ribosomes were labeled in vivo with 14C-, 3H-, or 35S-amino acids; bacteria were grown with a variety of carbon sources; and cells were harvested in midlogarithmic and stationary phases. The different forms of S6 were purified and a new procedure capable of electrophoretically separating the five forms of S6 from total ribosomal protein was developed. The results from these experiments show for the first time that there are two copies of protein S6 per ribosome. Thus, a repeat structure of a biochemically modified protein exists not only in the 50S subunit (protein L7/L12) as previously known, but also in the 30 S subunit of the ribosome. PMID- 6993482 TI - Cloning and characterization of androgen-dependent mRNA from rat ventral prostate. AB - DNA complementary to three androgen-dependent mRNAs from rat ventral prostate has been cloned in the bacterial plasmid pAT 153. DNA sequences coding for 20,000, 10,000, and 9,000 translation products, the precursors of polypeptides secreted in vivo (Parker, M. G., and Scrace, G.T. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1580--1584) were identified in recombinant plasmids. The levels of mRNA coding for the 20,000 and 10,000 translation products were quantitated using cDNA probes and also by hybridization in situ with RNA that had been covalently bound to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. Both mRNAs responded with similar kinetics to androgen withdrawal and testosterone stimulation. The sequences declined with nonlinear kinetics by at least 3 orders of magnitude after androgen withdrawal and are induced by testosterone without an appreciable lag, a 3-fold increase being detectable within 2 h. Analysis of the RNA bound to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper indicates that the mRNAs coding for the 20,000, 10,000, and 9,000 translation products contain 930, 640, and 550 nucleotides, respectively. PMID- 6993483 TI - Occurrence of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate in proteinase I from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A previous study (Gustafson, G.L., and Thon, L. A. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86, 667-673) demonstrated that Proteinase I from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, was conjugated with phosphoryl moieties. This report describes a characterization of the covalent structure of these moieties. Essentially all of the phosphate associated with purified enzyme was released as a sugar-phosphate during mild alkaline hydrolysis. The sugar-phosphate was isolated from alkaline hydrolysates of Proteinase I by Sephadex G-25 chromatography and identified as the alpha-anomer of N-acetylglucosamine-1 phosphate. In separate experiments, involving acid hydrolysis of Proteinase I, it was shown that enzyme-phosphate could also be isolated as O-phosphorylserine. Based on the recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates, it was concluded that the majority of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues in the proteinase were esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds. PMID- 6993484 TI - Leucine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and characterization of beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6993485 TI - Mechanism of propylamine-transfer reactions. Kinetic and inhibition studies on spermidine synthase from Escherichia coli. AB - Spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) purified from Escherichia coli has been subjected to a kinetic analysis including initial velocity and substrate analogs inhibition studies. Evidence is reported for a ping-pong mechanism, indicating that a propylaminated form of the enzyme is an obligatory intermediate in the reaction mechanism. S-Adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine exerts a competitive substrate inhibition by combining with the improper stable enzyme form, while putrescine does not show any inhibitory effect. In order to investigate the substrate binding sites, new sulfonium-deaminated analogs of S-adenosyl(5')-3 methylthiopropylamine have been synthesized and assayed as substrates and as inhibitors of the reaction. The replacement of the amino group of adenine, or propylamine moiety of the sulfonium compound by the hydroxyl group, or both, resulted in a complete loss of activity as substrate. On the other hand, the deaminated analogs exert a competitive inhibition with respect to putrescine. On the basis of these results and in analogy with methyltransfer reactions, three recognition sites for S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine on propylamine transfer enzymes are proposed. PMID- 6993487 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase from calf thymus. Separation of the enzyme into two nonidentical subunits, proteins M1 and M2. PMID- 6993486 TI - Interaction of branched chain amino acids and keto acids upon pancreatic islet metabolism and insulin secretion. AB - Insulin release evoked by 2-ketoisocaproate from isolated rat pancreatic islets was inhibited by L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-norvaline, and L-norleucine. The stereo-specificity of the inhibition and the finding that the decrease in secretory rate was correlated to the capacity of these amino acids to undergo transamination with the keto acid secretagogue suggested that a branched chain amino acid aminotransferase enzyme was the site of interaction of these substrates. The stimulation of transamination by these amino acids was accompanied by a decrease in the primary decarboxylation and oxidation of 2 ketoisocaproate in the tissue and a reduction in islet acetoacetate production. The oxidation of the amino acid substrate was slightly increased in the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate. Nevertheless, the oxidation rate of exogenous substrates and respiration were higher in the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate than when this substrate was combined with an amino acid. The action of 2-ketoisocaproate to increase the ratios of NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+, to enhance the uptake of 45Ca by islet tissue, and to promote proinsulin biosynthesis was also suppressed by the addition of branched chain amino acids to the incubation media. Radioisotopic uptake measurements suggested that many of these observations could be related to changes in the intracellular concentration of 2-ketoisocaproate in islet tissue. PMID- 6993489 TI - Non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head treated with tibial bone-grafting. A follow-up note. PMID- 6993488 TI - Insulin receptors of cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9). Lack of receptor-mediated degradation. AB - The binding of insulin to cultured human lymphocytes of the IM-9 line was investigated at near-physiological conditions, i.e. 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, using a monoiodinated insulin exclusively labeled in tyrosyl residue 14 of the A chain. Although the apparent dissociation constant did not differ much from that found in rat adipocytes, the rate constants were about 1 order of magnitude greater. The rate of dissociation of 60 pM of labeled insulin was accelerated more in the lymphocytes than in adipocytes by the addition of 50 nM insulin to the wash-out medium. In rat adipocytes insulin is degraded both by receptor-independent and receptor-mediated processes (Gliemann, J., and Sonne, O. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7857-7863). Lymphocytes possessed a receptor-independent insulin-degrading system with the same properties as that of adipocytes. However, receptor-mediated degradation was absent and insulin binding is therefore a true reversible process. The following is concluded: 1) The binding sites of the receptors in IM 9 lymphocytes are different from those of the insulin-responsive adipocytes and hepatocytes. 2) The lymphocytes lack the enzyme responsible for the receptor mediated degradation or a coupling factor between the receptor and the enzyme. PMID- 6993491 TI - Paraganglioma in the orbit. PMID- 6993492 TI - Candida endocarditis after heart valve replacement (successful management with reoperation and local disinfection). AB - Two patients with candida infection on prosthetic valves are presented. Both were eventually cured after removal of the prosthesis, sterilization of the prosthetic bed with local iodine solution (Sol. Iodi Aethanolica 6.5%) and insertion of a new prosthesis and the discontinuance of antifungal therapy. This technique has subsequently been applied to 22 patients with bacterial endocarditis with good results. PMID- 6993490 TI - Prostatic carcinoma: aspects of pathology, prognosis, and therapy. PMID- 6993493 TI - A comparison of two prophylactic antibiotic regimes for open-heart surgery. AB - Two groups of patients undergoing open-heart surgery were given prophylactic courses of antibiotic lasting five days. One group (61 patients) received a cephalosporin and the second (57 patients) received a combination of penicillin, flucloxacillin and streptomycin. The overall major infection rate was low (3- 4%), particularly so in the cephalosporin group (1.6%). There was no increased nephrotoxic effectt of the cephalosporin, and any nephrotoxic effect that was present was temporary and clinically unimportant. The major infecting organism in both groups was Staphylococcus albus (Staph. epidermidis). The efficiency, therefore, of any prophylactic regime which omits gentamicin, to which Staph. albus in usually sensitive, remains in doubt. PMID- 6993494 TI - Can the results of treatment of deep venous thrombosis be improved by combining surgical thrombectomy with regional fibrinolysis? AB - A new mode of treatment of extensive acute and subacute deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities is introduced. For this purpose the beneficial effects of surgical thrombectomy and of thrombolysis with streptokinase are combined during the course of a single surgical intervention. Rapid-flow regional perfusion is the vehicle used for administration of streptokinase and probably represents the third arm of this therapeutic approach by adding a hemodynamic wash-out effect. Because the thrombolytic agent is rinsed out of the circuit at the end of regional perfusion the usual side effects and contra-indications of this drug are avoided. Early and late results of this treatment are assessed clinically and with repeat venograms in a group of 9 patients. Highly satisfactory results were obtained in 6 patients with complete anatomical and functional restoration of deep veins along their entire length in three cases. It is felt that continued use of this method is warranted and that the results of treatment of deep venous thrombosis can thus be improved. PMID- 6993495 TI - Codistribution of collagen types IV and AB2 in basement membranes and mesangium of the kidney. an immunoferritin study of ultrathin frozen sections. AB - Affinity-purified rabbit antibodies specific for collagen types I, III, AB2 and for a partially characterized type IV collagen derived from a murine tumor were used to study the distribution of collagens in the normal mouse kidney. Immunofluorescence staining of conventional frozen sections demonstrated that types I and III were present in bundles around large vessels and in fibers surrounding glomeruli and tubules, whereas types IV and AB2 were distributed in a linear fashion along basement membranes of tubules, glomeruli, and Bowman's capsule and in the mesangial stalk. The distribution of types IV nd AB2 was examined at the ultrastructural level by staining of 600- to 800-A thick frozen sections with a three-stage procedure employing specific collagen antibodies, biotinyl sheep antirabbit IgG, and avidin-ferritin conjugates. Labeling by this procedure demonstrated codistribution of types AB2 and the putative type IV in all three basement membranes. In addition, mesangial matrix was shown to contain both of these collagen types. These results support recent biochemical evidence of collagen heterogeneity in basement membranes, and also support the concept of a structural relationship between mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membranes. PMID- 6993497 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae unresponsive to cell division control by polypeptide mating hormone. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutations that produce insensitivity to division arrest by alpha-factor, a mating pheromone, were isolated in an MATa strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown by complementation studies to difine eight genes. All of these mutations (designated ste) produce sterility at the restrictive temperature in MATa cells, and mutations in seven of the genes produce sterility in MAT alpha cells. In no case was the sterility associated with these mutations coorectible by including wild-type cells of the same mating type in the mating test nor did nay of the mutants inhibit mating of the wild type cells; the defect appears to be intrinsic to the cell for mutations in each of the genes. Apparently, none of the mutants is defective exclusively in division arrest by alpha-factor, as the sterility of none is suppressed by a temperature-sensitive cdc 28 mutation (the latter imposes division arrest at the correct cell cycle stage for mating). The mutants were examined for features that are inducible in MATa cells by alpha-factor (agglutinin synthesis as well as division arrest) and for the characteristics that constitutively distinguish MATa from MAT alpha cells (a-factor production, alpha-factor destruction). ste2 Mutants are defective specifically in the two inducible properties, whereas ste4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mutants are defective, to varying degrees, in constitutive as well as inducible aspects. Mutations in ste8 and 9 assume a polar budding pattern unlike either MATa or MAT alpha cells but characteristic of MATa/alpha cells. This study defines seven genes that function in two cell types (MATa and alpha) to control the differentiation of cell type and one gene, ste2, that functions exclusively in MATa cells to mediate responsiveness to polypeptide hormone. PMID- 6993496 TI - "Slow" myosins in vertebrate skeletal muscle. An immunofluorescence study. AB - Specific antisera were raised in rabbits against column-purified myosins from a slow avian muscle, the chicken anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), and a slow-twitch mammalian muscle, the guinea pig soleus (SOL). The antisera were labeled with fluorescein and applied to sections of muscles from various vertebrae species. Two distinct categories of the slow fibers were identified on the basis of their differential reactivity with the two antisera. Fibers stained by anti-ALD appear to correspond in distribution and histochemical properties to physiologically slow-tonic fibers, i.e., fibers that display multiple innervation and respond to stimulation with prolonged contractures. In mammals, only a minority of fibers in extraocular muscles and the nuclear bag fibers of muscle spindles were brightly labeled by this antiserum. In contrast, fibers labeled by anti-SOL in mammalian muscle appear to correspond in distribution and histochemical properties to physiologically slow-twitch fibers. Anti-SOL was also found to stain a population of fibers in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes that did not react, or reacted poorly, with anti-ALD; in avian muscle, only a minor proportion of the slow fibers were labeled by anti-Sol. these findings point to the existence of two antigenically distinct, though partly cross-reacting, types of "slow" myosin in vertebrate muscle. PMID- 6993498 TI - Protease effects on the structure of acetylcholine receptor membranes from Torpedo californica. AB - Protease digestion of acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes derived from Torpedo californica electroplaques by homogenization and isopycnic centrifugation results in degradation of all receptor subunits without any significant effect on the appearance in electron micrographs, the toxin binding ability, or the sedimentation value of the receptor molecule. Such treatment does produce dramatic changes in the morphology of the normally 0.5- to 2-microns-diameter spherical vesicles when observed by either negative-stain or freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Removal of peripheral, apparently nonreceptor polypeptides by alkali stripping (Neubig et al. 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76:690 694) results in increased sensitivity of the acetylcholine receptor membranes to the protease trypsin as indicated by SDS gel electrophoretic patterns and by the extent of morphologic change observed in vesicle structure. Trypsin digestion of alkali-stripped receptor membranes results in a limit degradation pattern of all four receptor subunits, whereupon all the vesicles undergo the morphological transformation to minivesicles. The protein-induced morphological transformation and the limit digestion pattern of receptor membranes are unaffected by whether the membranes are prepared so as to preserve the receptor as a disulfide bridged dimer, or prepared so as to generate monomeric receptor. PMID- 6993499 TI - Release of insulin analogues in man, stimulated with glucose. PMID- 6993501 TI - The effects of behavior therapy, self-relaxation, and transcendental meditation on cardiovascular stress response. AB - Compared Behavior Therapy (BT), self-relaxation (SR), transcendental meditation (TM), and a waiting-list control group (WL) on measures of cardiovascular and subjective stress response. Male and female respondents (N = 60) to an ad for therapy were evaluated in assessment sessions before and after treatment. The results indicate that BT and SR were more effective than either TM or WL in reducing cardiovascular stress response. These data were interpreted as resulting from therapeutic suggestion and positively reinforced client progress. PMID- 6993500 TI - The effect of a brief relaxation treatment for dental anxiety on measures of state and trait anxiety. AB - Used a brief deep muscle relaxation procedure to reduce patient (N = 39) anxiety during a dental appointment. State anxiety decreased significantly for a relaxed (treated) group from the waiting room period to the actual contact with the dentist. This reduction in state anxiety was maintained for the duration of the dental visit. There were no changes in trait anxiety. Implications for the reduction of state and trait anxiety in an in vivo situation were discussed. PMID- 6993502 TI - The effects of stress on children's human figure drawings. AB - Investigated the effect of stress and preparation for stress on emotional indicators (EIs) of 68 children, aged 4 to 12 years, who were hospitalized for elective surgery. All children were asked twice to draw a human figure, once shortly after admission and again 90 minutes later. In the interim, they received stress (venipuncture or "blood test") or no stress (venipuncture delayed until after second drawing), and were either prepared (information, rehearsal and supportive care) or not prepared (free play) for the stressful situation. EIs increased only in the group tor mental age score of drawing. Pre- and post measures of coping behavior and pulse also were assessed. EIs correlated with pulse taken at the time of the venipuncture. Examiners who interpret drawings by this method must consider the effect of current stress and the child's understanding of stress. PMID- 6993504 TI - Sexual counseling--a new role for speech pathologists? AB - Sexual intercourse is discussed as a form of nonverbal human communication. During periods of good health, sexual intercourse contributes to the sense of personal worth and to the integrity of marriage. Following episodes of ill health, unresolved sexual difficulties contribute to loss of self-esteem, constitute barriers to clinical progress, and enhance marital discord. Speech pathologists are advised to give more attention to the sexuality of their patients, especially to those who are aphasic. With proper training, selected speech pathologists may find themselves ideally suited to incorporate sexual counseling in their clinical armamentarium. PMID- 6993503 TI - An exploratory study of state-trait anxiety as a function of automated relaxation training, desired changes and drinking behavior. AB - Fifty-two VA domiciliary residents were given four sessions of tape-recorded relaxation training in small groups. The State-Trait Anxiety Scale was administered before the first and last training sessions. The experimental group's mean state anxiety decreased from Test I to Test II, but a control group's mean increased (p less than .025). Both groups decreased in trait anxiety over time (p less than .001). A significant effect within the experimental group was that 9 residents with disciplinary problems due to intoxication during the training period increased in mean state anxiety, while the remainder of the group decreased. Experimental Ss who initially desired many trait changes decreased mean trait anxiety more from Test I to Test II than did the rest of the experimental group (p less than .025). PMID- 6993505 TI - Hormonal and sensory control of scent-marking in the desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida lepida). AB - In Experiment 1, the marking behavior of adult male and female woodrats was tested in a neutral environment. Males showed higher levels of ventral rubbing than females, whereas the reverse was true for the body-rolling response. In Experiment 2, the influence of testosterone propionate and estradiol-17 on scent marking in female and male gonadectomized experimental animals was investigated. Animals were given a series of marking tests prior to an during social encounters with conspecifics. Ventral rubbing was found to be under androgenic control, and body rolling was partially under estrogenic control. In both sexes, high dominance status and circulating testosterone were necessary for the occurrence of ventral rubbing during social encounters. In Experiment 3, the ventral rubbing of males in the cages of conspecifics was observed before and after social encounters with these animals. Before social encounters males showed higher levels of rubbing to conspecific odors than to neutral odors or to their own odors. After social encounters males increased their ventral rubbing in cages of females but not in cages of males. In Experiment 4, males preferred to ventral rub in areas soiled with the odor of other males rather than those soiled by females but preferred to roll in areas soiled by females. Estrogen-primed females preferred to roll in areas soiled by males over those previously soiled by females. PMID- 6993506 TI - The contrast enhanced paravascular neoplasm: a potential CT pitfall. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is an accepted diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the known or suspected parenchymal or mediastinal mass. Contrast enhancement of a paravascular mass, proportional to that in an adjacent vascular structure, is strong evidence that the mass is a vascular structure. Based on our series of 200 chest examinations with an 18 sec CT scanner, it is recommended that the contrast enhanced paravascular mass be further evaluated with angiography if there is known primary neoplasm, evidence of mass growth, or clinical findings more consistent with neoplasia. The newer rapid scanning tomographs may obviate the need for angiography because of their ability to appreciate differentials in blood flow. PMID- 6993507 TI - The composition and rheology of denture adhesives. PMID- 6993508 TI - The effect of soft lining materials on the growth of Candida albicans. PMID- 6993510 TI - Two-part record blocks--a clinical report. PMID- 6993509 TI - The tensile strength of composite repairs. PMID- 6993511 TI - A survey of the practice of partial denture prosthetics in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6993512 TI - Hypothetical protocol: clinical field trial title: a comparative study of sealants, amalgam restorations and fluoride rinsing of teeth on the progression and prevention of carious lesions. PMID- 6993514 TI - Discussion of a hypothetical protocol for a clinical field trial. PMID- 6993515 TI - The impact of ethical and legal consideration on future epidemiology of dental caries. PMID- 6993513 TI - Ethical and legal considerations associated with clinical field trials. AB - As members of a hypothetical review board, we have evaluated the protocol of a clinical caries trial following the recommendations proposed by the National Commission. The potential risks to the subjects were described as well as the potential benefits that both the participants and society might derive from the study. A new element of the institutional review process was the determination of the scientific validity of the study. The Commission was cautious in indicating that, while such a review should be conducted, studies of marginal scientific importance might be allowed, as long as the risks were minimal. Clinical studies of cariostatic agents traditionally use children as subjects. The rights of children as research subjects were addressed in detail by the Commission. Its recommendation that "assent" of the children be secured is significant. Nevertheless, the Commission distinguished between consent and assent. Consent of parents must be actively secured while assent of the children is acquired by their passive acquiescence to participation. We have raised questions at a practical level throughout this presentation in order to stimulate discussion. These questions, however, do not have simple answers. In the time remaining, we trust the complex issues involved will be discussed further. PMID- 6993516 TI - Evaluation of the retention of two sealants applied by dental students. PMID- 6993518 TI - Skin grafting: the split-thickness graft in 1980. PMID- 6993517 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "The Doctors William James and Charles Horace Mayo". PMID- 6993519 TI - The position of the water blow-off or safety valve in C.P.A.P.-systems. AB - After investigating aspects of a single nasal cannula system we conclude that the pressure read-out point should be located as close to the application point as possible; furthermore the water blow-off or safety valve should be positioned before (or at) the pressure application point. PMID- 6993520 TI - Aspiration in caesarean section successfully treated with high continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). AB - A case of aspiration pneumonitis during Caesarean section is described. The patient was treated with high-level continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) resulting in marked improvement and discharge from the Intensive Care Unit 44 hours after the aspiration had occurred. PMID- 6993521 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography during controlled ventilation with PEEP. PMID- 6993522 TI - Potential utilization of Brazilian wood extractives. PMID- 6993523 TI - Heterocyclic compounds found in cooked meats. PMID- 6993525 TI - Advances in the analysis of air contaminants. A critical review. PMID- 6993526 TI - Citation for the Award of Merit to Leonard P. Wheat. PMID- 6993524 TI - Determination of ipronidazole and its principal metabolite in turkey skin and muscle by combined gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry-stable isotope dilution. PMID- 6993527 TI - Citation for Honorary Fellowship to Walter E. Brown. PMID- 6993528 TI - Citation for the William J. Gies Award to Alfred A. Lanza. PMID- 6993529 TI - The President of the College. PMID- 6993530 TI - The presidents. Henry James Byron McKellops, 1878-1879. PMID- 6993531 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 6993532 TI - Accredited dental schools. Commission on Dental Accreditation. PMID- 6993533 TI - E.V. McCollum and dietitians in nutrition education. PMID- 6993534 TI - Perspectives on test diets. AB - Evidence in the medical literature substantiating the effect of test diets on the outcome of specific diagnostic tests is scanty and, in some cases, controversial. It has been clearly demonstrated that some test diets definitely affect the outcomes of some diagnostic tests. Therefore, these diets should be effectively and consistently used. Medical professionals should be familiar with specific test diets. There should be systematic management regarding the content of instructions to the patient, who gives the instructions, and how follow-up is made on compliance with the test diet. Clinical dietitians should be versatile regarding all test diets that may influence diagnostic test outcome. All test diets in dietary manuals for which there is no medical basis for effectiveness should be eliminated. PMID- 6993535 TI - Computer-simulated laboratory experiments in food science. I. The model. AB - A computer model and instructional material provide the student with the opportunity to learn basic information and gain expertise in solving problems which occur in foods. The model covers twenty-five simulations over a range of food types, permitting a variety of experiments of differing complexity. The student is assigned a problem or activity which may be partially or completely answered by using one of the simulations. The simulations give answers to a series of treatments and tests, properties, recipes, characteristics, and/or sensory parameters being investigated. PMID- 6993536 TI - Computer-simulated laboratory experiments in food science. II. Evaluation of the model in use. AB - Evidence obtained in this study indicates that computer simulations can be a successful method of teaching foods or can replace laboratory experiences. For nine of eleven attitudinal test items, students' attitudes became more positive concerning the value of the course in which computer simulations were used. On the achievement test, seventeen of the twenty-five questions revealed that significant learning (p of less than or equal to 0.05) occurred when the simulations were integrated into a foods course. These students seemed to do well and to like this method of instruction. The advantages of these computer simulations are that students can be motivated to learn and solve problems. PMID- 6993537 TI - Sarah Tyson Rorer: first American dietitian? AB - Sarah Tyson Rorer has been called the first American dietitian. Relatively little is known about her, and some things that have been published are inaccurate. Mrs. Rorer taught both lay and professional people through all the media available in her day. Her many pioneering activities in the late nineteenth century in the area of therapeutic nutrition do seem to give her a good claim to the title of "First American Dietitian." PMID- 6993538 TI - Effect of age on glucose utilization and responsiveness to insulin in forearm muscle. AB - To determine the effect of age on responsiveness to insulin, 35 healthy subjects (age range, 22--73 years) were studied. A glucose-clamp technique was used to obtain a range of values for steady-state arterial glucose and arterial insulin concentrations; total body glucose utilization was estimated from the rate of glucose infusion needed to maintain the steady state; and the uptake of glucose and insulin by forearm muscle was determined by a forearm perfusion procedure. The results were examined by multiple regression analyses. The rate of glucose utilization by the whole body as well as by forearm muscle was dependent upon the insulin concentration. Age had no apparent effect on body glucose utilization, the uptake of glucose or insulin by muscle, or the steady-state insulin concentration in response to hyperglycemia. It is concluded that the abnormal glucose tolerance commonly associated with increased age is not due to a decrease in either insulin secretion or insulin stimulation of glucose uptake. PMID- 6993539 TI - Reference values for blood findings in relatively fit elderly persons. AB - In a retirement community group of 73 relatively fit elderly white persons, a cross-sectional study of 53 different blood tests was conducted. The five test categories for blood values were hematology, chemistry, thyroid function, protein electrophoresis, and immunology. Fifteen percent of the blood findings were outside the range accepted as normal by the examining laboratories. Most of the subjects showed between 5 and 10 "abnormal" values within the five test categories. Since the findings were fairly predictable in view of the patho anatomic changes that accompany aging, and since the manifestations of disease were at most subclinical, only minor alterations in individual management were needed. Subsequent appropriate clinical re-evaluation of these subjects during a six-month follow-up revealed no striking changes. It would appear that the ranges of "normal" reference values may need to be expanded. Although cross-sectional laboratory studies are useful, longitudinal studies seem essential if clinicians are to attain a more valid perspective. PMID- 6993540 TI - Community-acquired bacteremia in the elderly: analysis of one hundred consecutive episodes. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of the records of 100 consecutive geriatric patients with community-acquired bacteremia, admitted to a suburban hospital. The most frequently identified tissue sources for these bacteremias were the urinary tract (34 percent), biliary tract (20 percent), and lungs (13 percent). In 11 percent of the patients, the tissue focus was not established. E. coli, Klebsiella species and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common organisms isolated, and they contributed to 73 percent of the bacteremias. Of the 100 patients, 26 succumbed to the infection. Clinical manifestations unique to the geriatric patient are described. PMID- 6993541 TI - The clinical management of grief. AB - The clinical management of grief involves issues that demonstrate the integration of psychosocial risk factors into clinical practice. Recommendations for the clinical management of grief are based on a review of the pattern of morbidity and mortality of bereavement, of the emotional response to conjugal loss, and of several postulated pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 6993543 TI - Optometric and ophthalmological eye care under the Medicare program. AB - A questionnaire survey was administered to more than 600 elderly persons within several senior citizens centers in New York City. Data was collected on the elderly's use of eye care services, particularly the site where eye care was obtained, the type of provider chosen and the source of payment, i.e. Medicare, Medicaid or self pay. The second stage of the survey was to screen all participants for the absence or presence of visual problems. Significant differences were found when comparing the use of optometrists and ophthalmologists with the method by which the respondent paid for their last eye examination. Among those who were seen by an ophthalmologist and reported that Medicare paid for their examination half either passed or failed the vision screening test due only to poor visual acuities. Statistical evidence seems to indicate that Medicare payments to ophthalmologists may not be solely for actual or suspected disease conditions. Implications for the Medicare program seem evident. PMID- 6993542 TI - Medicare. PMID- 6993545 TI - Illustrations of medicine in ancient Egypt. PMID- 6993544 TI - Blemishes developing on soft contact lenses. AB - Suspected contamination of soft contact lenses lead to biological, X-ray spectrophotometric, and photographic investigations to attempt identification of substances which could not be cleaned from the lenses and which increased in number with time. All indications point to suspect contaminant not being foreign material but a breakdown of the polymer structure. PMID- 6993546 TI - Residual beta cell function in insulin-dependent diabetes: evaluation by circadian determination of C-peptide immunoreactivity. AB - Residual beta cell function was evaluated through circadian determination of C peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in eighty insulin-dependent diabetics. Evaluation of beta cell activity through circadian CPR determination was in good agreement with the results obtained by glucagon test which is considered a potent stimulus of C-peptide release. The prevalence of residual beta cell function in our population was 35%. Residual beta cell function was associated with a shorter duration of diabetes, a lower dose of insulin therapy and less chronic complications. On the other hand, serum growth hormone circadian variations were more spread in diabetics without beta cell function. That is consistent with diabetes instability which has been reported more commonly insulin-dependent diabetics without beta cell function. PMID- 6993547 TI - Blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon response to arginine in infants during the first month of life. AB - Blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma glucagon were determined during an arginine test at 0, 30 and 60 min in 1 to 7 and 30 day infants. The results were compared with those obtained in the 2-10-year-old children. Basal levels of blood glucose increased from the 1st to the 30th day; by the 30th day they were comparable with those observed in the 2-10-year-old children. Basal levels of plasma insulin were higher in 1 day infants, lower in 7 day infants and similar to those of the 2-10-year-old children in the 30 day infants. Basal values of plasma glucagon were higher in 1 day infants than in the 2-10-year-old children; the lowest levels were found in 7 day infants. After arginine, blood glucose increased in the 2-10-year-old children, the variations were negligible in the 1 to 7 and 30 day infants. Plasma insulin increased in 2-10-year-old children, there was a slight increase in 1 and 30 day infants and a negligible one in the 7 day infants. Plasma glucagon increased in the 2-10-year old children, and was similar in 1 day infants; the increase was reduced in 30 day infants and virtually absent in 7 day infants. These results suggest that there is a transitory alpha cell insensitivity to arginine during the first week of life. PMID- 6993548 TI - Bromocriptine acute effect on insulin, glucagon and growth hormone levels in acromegalic patients. AB - It has been shown that L-dopa or dopamine administration influences glucose metabolism, as well as insulin and glucagon release in man. In the present study, the effect of bromocriptine (CB-154), a long-acting dopamine agonist, on insulin, glucagon and growth hormone secretion in 32 acromegalic patients was investigated. Glucose, insulin and plasma glucagon levels were not modified following administration of bromocriptine or placebo. Moreover, plasma GH levels were decreased by more than 50% in 18 of the 32 acromegalics. Mean GH levels were significantly lower with respect to levels observed following placebo at 60 min to the end of the test (p less than 0.001). Administration of a double dose of CB 154 (5 mg po) one hour before arginine test did not affect insulin or glucagon secretion with respect to levels observed during arginine alone. In addition, there was a fall in GH levels similar to that observed following administration of bromocriptine alone. These findings suggest that bromocriptine in itself does not exert a direct action on insulin and glucagon release. Improvement in glucose tolerance and reduction in insulin secretion observed following prolonged CB-154 treatment in acromegalic patients are probably due to a simultaneous inhibition of GH secretion or to other peripheral effects of bromocriptine. PMID- 6993552 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the blood-brain barrier. Production of an artifact. AB - The permeability to normal serum proteins of blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) was studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique. Frozen sections were cut in a cryostat and then fixed briefly in 95% ethanol. The localization of serum proteins outside blood vessels in the brain was shown to be an artifact produced during the preparation of cryostat sections. It was concluded that such cryostat sections are unsuitable for studies of vascular permeability in the CNS. PMID- 6993551 TI - A squash technique demonstrating embryonic nuclear cleavage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - A simple squash technique was developed which permits the observation of individual nuclei during embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans. The technique consists of placing several two-cell stage embryos on a subbed slide in a droplet of M-9 salt buffer and incubating them in a sealed humidity chamber at 16.4 degrees C for increasing time intervals. The embryos are then squashed, fixed, and stained with Hoechst 33258. Rate of cleavage at 25.0 degrees C is 1.8 times faster than that at 16.4 degrees C. This yields superimposable growth curves upon correction for temperature. An initial lag in the rate of nuclear cleavage is followed by a burst of cell proliferation, which continues and then slows before 550-580 cells are produced at 4 to 5 hr at 25 degrees C. The squash size increases with cell number and reaches a maximum at about the 400-cell stage when early morphogenesis begins. The second half of embryogenesis is characterized by histogenesis in which the cells are held more tightly together, individual nuclei become less distinct, and the squash size decreases to a minimum as a small worm is formed. PMID- 6993549 TI - The hypophosphatemic and hyperkalemic effect of arginine in man. AB - The effects of a 0.5 g/kg body weight arginine infusion on plasma inorganic phosphate and potassium were examined in 15 normal subjects, and 6 recently diagnosed insulinopenic diabetics. Plasma phosphorus displayed a highly significant (p less than 0.001) fall in normal subjects, with a maximum fall below the baseline of 1.11 +/- 0.15 mg/100 ml or 33 + 3% (mean +/- SE). In addition, there was a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between these falls and the insulin peaks induced by arginine. Plasma potassium levels, on the other hand, displayed a distinct and significant increase in 7 of the 8 subjects studied in this connection. The maximum increase over the baseline was 1.23 +/- 0.17 meq/l or 33 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01). In diabetic patients, arginine too led to a fall in phosphorus. While this was still significant, it was clearly less than in normal subjects: maximum fall = 0.64 +/- 0.09 mg/100 ml or 15 +/- 3%. Plasma potassium increased to a greater extent than in normal subjects: maximum increase = 1.63 +/- 0.21 meq/l or 42 +/- 6%. These findings show that arginine is responsible for a fall in plasma phosphorus that may well be partly related to the insulin response, and an increase in plasma potassium of clinical significance, whose mechanism(s), however, are still obscure. PMID- 6993553 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) in nuclei of various rat tissues. AB - Natural distribution of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose), a novel macromolecule in eukaryotes, was investigated using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The antibody, produced in a rabbit toward poly(ADP-ribose), was most reactive with polymers having the chain length of about 25 ADP-ribose units and weakly reactive with short oligomers; it was totally inert with monomers. Immunostaining with this antibody revealed the existence of the polymer in various rat tissues. The immunostaining seems to be specific for poly(ADP-ribose), as judged by its disappearance by preabsorption of the antiserum with purified poly(ADP-ribose) or pretreatment of tissue sections with poly(ADP-ribose)-degrading enzymes. Intensification of the fluorescence by preincubation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, also supported this view. The immunofluorescence of poly(ADP-ribose) was found exclusively in the nucleus of almost all tissues tested, including liver (adult, newborn, regenerating, and hepatoma), brain, heart, intestine, pancreas, kidney, spleen, testis, thyroid gland, and skeletal muscle. Exceptions were blood cells; little fluorescence was detectable in nuclei of peripheral leukocytes. Only after preincubation with NAD, did lymphocytes and monocytes exhibit fluorescence, however, granulocytes never did exhibit fluorescence. The cells appeared to represent the first instance where poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis activity among eukaryotic cells was missing. PMID- 6993550 TI - The involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism in the control of renin release. PMID- 6993554 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of chemoattractant proteinase in whole human skin, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and granulocytes. AB - A monospecific antibody to purified human skin chemotactic proteinase was raised in rabbits and shown to produce a single line of identity against crude and purified human proteinase. The antibody was used to localize the proteinase in human fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and sections of whole skin. All cells demonstrated particulate extranuclear staining. Whole human skin demonstrated staining of the epidermis, especially in the granular layer; particulate staining was also found in the dermis. Staining could be blocked by preincubation of the rabbit anti-human neutral proteinase with purified proteinase antigen. These data indicate that neutral proteinase is located in a number of different human cells in a particulate distribution. PMID- 6993555 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of virion and cell surface labeling using the unlabeled antibody-hemocyanin bridge method. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the unlabeled antibody-hemocyanin bridge method for immunoelectron microscopic localization of virion and cell surface antigens has been demonstrated using a hyperimmune serum to the Rauscher murine leukemia virus structural envelope glycoprotein (gp 70). The technique localized the gp70 on the viral envelope and on the infected cell surface at dilutions of greater than 10(-3) for the primary antiviral serum. Little or no nonspecific binding of hemocyanin was detected in control experiments using high concentrations of normal nonreacting or adequately absorbed antiviral primary sera and excess antibody bridge and marker; thus, the system is highly specific. Furthermore, sensitivity can be increased approximately fivefold by marked amplification steps whereby a specimen fixing only a slight amount of hemocyanin can be subsequently treated with antihemocyanin antibody, followed by hemocyanin. PMID- 6993556 TI - Six methods for separate detection of two different antigens in the same tissue section. PMID- 6993557 TI - Diet and hyperactivity. AB - Before the role of diet is considered a number of questions about the nature of hyperactivity are confronted. How common is the condition? What are the problems of diagnosis? How successful is drug treatment? The effectiveness of the Feingold diet in combatting hyperactivity and the importance of adverse reaction by children to items in the diet is emphasised. PMID- 6993559 TI - Adaptation of skin grafts in the mouse to antibody-mediated rejection. PMID- 6993558 TI - Presidential address to American Association of Immunologists in Anaheim, California, April 16, 1980. Louis Pillemer, Properdin, and scientific controversy. PMID- 6993560 TI - Human T cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies: the 65,000-dalton antigen of T cells (T65) is also found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulin. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), four patients with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), four patients with hairy cell leukemia, and three patients with a monoclonal gammopathy (two with IgM, one with IgA) were tested for reactivity with the anti-T cell monoclonal antibody, T101. By immunofluorescent staining, all of the patients had circulating monoclonal surface Ig+ (sIg+) lymphocytes except for three CLL patients whose leukemia cells were sIg-. The leukemia cells of all of the sIg+ CLL cases were reactive with T101 antibody by indirect immunofluorescence; however, the abnormal cells in all of the remaining cases were unreactive. Reactivity of sIg+ CLL cells with T101 was confirmed by a radioactive binding assay, absorption analysis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, a 65,000-dalton protein (T65), similar to that found on T cells, was precipitated by T101 antibody from the surface of sIg+ CLL cells. The fluorescent staining of sIg+ CLL cells by T101 antibody was weak as was the staining of the sIg. This was in contrast to the LCL cells, which had intense staining sIg and absence of staining with T101 antibody. These data demonstrate the existence of two major subtypes of CLL that have phenotypes sIg+ and T101+ and sIg-T101-. The implication of the finding of dual T and B markers on the major type of CLL, but not other B cell malignancies is discussed. PMID- 6993561 TI - Suppressive activity of splenic adherent cells from Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice. AB - The immune response of splenic cells to SRBC and LPS or Con A mitogens is suppressed in P. chabaudi-infected mice. When mixed with cells from normal donors, spleen cells from infected mice also suppressed anti-SRBC and mitogenic responses. Suppression was not detected in lymph node cells, bone marrow, or thymocytes from infected mice. Removal of infected red cells had no effect on suppression. The cell population responsible for the suppressive activity was adherent to plastic, resistant to irradiation and anti-Thy-1 plus complement treatment. PMID- 6993562 TI - Defective tumoricidal capacity of macrophages from P/J mice: characterization of the macrophage cytotoxic defect after in vivo and in vitro activation stimuli. AB - Unlike macrophages from responsive mouse strains, peritoneal cells of P/J mice treated in vivo with viable Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG, or killed Corynebacterium parvum fail to develop tumoricidal activity. P/J macrophages treated in vitro with lymphokine-rich supernatants, bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or T cell mitogens also fail to develop cytotoxic activity. Experimental manipulation of effector:target cell ratios, doses of activation stimuli, or tumor target cells did not evoke cytotoxic activity. The macrophage defect of P/J mice appeared similar to that of lipid A-insensitive C3H/HeJ mice. The macrophage defect of C3H/HeJ mice is controlled by a gene identical or closely linked to the Lpsd gene. Tumoricidal defects of P/J macrophages, however, appeared independent of the Lpsd gene: responses of P/J spleen cells or macrophages to LPS, which are controlled by the Lps gene, were normal. P/J mice therefore represent a distinct and potentially useful genetic probe for characterization of mechanisms in macrophage activation. PMID- 6993564 TI - Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes in vitro-II. Reappraisal of T and B cell-specific mitogens. AB - The capacity of the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) to induce B cell proliferation and differentiation was compared with the B cell mitogen, formalinized Staphylococcus aureus (STA). Lymphocyte subpopulations from normal donors and patients with various immunodeficiency diseases were studied. In the presence of the T cell mitogens, irradiated T cells were capable of providing a helper cell activity that enabled co-cultured B lymphocytes to proliferate in response to these mitogens and to differentiate into IgM-secreting (direct) hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC). In the PFC response, radioresistant T helper and radiosensitive T-suppressor cell activities could be demonstrated. T suppressor cell activity outweighed helper activity only in nonirradiated co cultures stimulated with Con A. Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency lacked mitogen-induced helper T cells, whereas patients with various forms of humoral immune deficiency were normal in this respect. These findings and the tissue distribution of the helper activity is aquired early in post-thymic T cell differentiation. The data suggest that experiments with cell lineage-specific lymphocyte mitogens should be considered in the context of more complex cell-cell interactions. PMID- 6993563 TI - Defective tumoricidal capacity of macrophages from P/J mice: tumoricidal defect involves abnormalities in lymphokine-derived activation stimuli and in mononuclear phagocyte responsiveness. PMID- 6993565 TI - Automation of the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Counting live mononuclear cells with an automated light microscope system. AB - Adaptation of an automated light microscope system to the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay provides a rapid automated assay of cell mediated immunity. Comparison between the numbers of live mononuclear cells counted by eye and by machine yields no statistical differences in the per cent adherence or in the standard errors when performing either 10 or 20 replicate counts per antigen-cell mixture. Using the cell counter in a semi-automated mode, the counting is performed 10 times as fast in comparison to the manual method. A semi-automated system is described. The procedure requires from 4-6 X 10(5) mononuclear cells and from 2-3 micrograms crude KCl extract using a standard hemocytometer. The value of the technique lies in its availability as a rapid assay for both research applications and immunologic monitoring in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6993566 TI - Immunoperoxidase EM localisation of cytoplasmic actin in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Human smooth muscle autoantibody (SMA) of defined anti-actin specificity was tested by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining method on frozen sections of tissues and on cultured rat lung fibroblasts. The serum stained tissue sections and cultured fibroblasts in a pattern identical with that obtained by indirect immunofluorescence. Ultrastructural studies carried out on the immunoperoxidase stained cells showed that the long parallel filaments spanning the long axis of cultured fibroblasts seen by light microscopy correspond with the thick bundles of microfilaments. PMID- 6993567 TI - Universal reagent immunosorbent assay (URI) for haptens. AB - Preliminary data on the use of a universal reagent, 125I-labelled second antibody, for the measurement of small molecules using immunosorbent techniques are described. The results showed that for two chemically unrelated haptens, norethisterone and diphenoxylic acid, the procedure could be optimised to measure these molecules at concentrations similar to those measurable using conventional liquid-phase or solid-phase techniques. No significant loss of norethisterone antibody specificity could be demonstrated. PMID- 6993568 TI - [Another case of hypertension due to a tumour of the juxta-glomerular apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven cases of hypertension secondary to a renal tumour secreting renin have been described in the literature between 1967 and 1978. We report here another case which presented with severe hypertension and a cerebro-vascular accident in a 30 year old woman. Intravenous urography and renal arteriography revealed a tumour of the upper pole of the left kidney. Measurement of renin levels in the renal veins demonstrated hypersecretion on the side of the tumour. Tumorectomy was followed by normalisation of blood pressure levels. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a tumour of the juxta-glomerular apparatus. PMID- 6993569 TI - [Bilateral nephrocarcinomas in the adult. Bibliographical and statistical analysis. On the basis of 2 personal cases and 106 cases in the literature (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of two personal cases, the authors undertook an overall study of 108 cases published between 1909 and 1978. First personal case: 2 successive tumours at an interval of 5 years. Total nephrectomy of the 2nd carcinoma resulted in survival for 6 years with hemodialysis. The patient is living, with metastases. Second case: 2 simultaneous carcinomas with adrenal metastases with death following unilateral partial nephrectomy. An exhaustive review of the literature revealed the following interesting statistical factors: 1.8 p. 100 of carcinomas of the kidney are bilateral. Amongst the 108 cases studied, 51 were simultaneous and 57 successive. Treatment becomes appropriately more and more audacious: total nephrectomy on one side and partial on another, double partial nephrectomy, performance "ex vivo" of partial excisions, bilateral total nephrectomy followed by hemodialysis or transplantation. These tumours affect young individuals: mean age 51 years and male in 7 cases out of 10. Mean survival of all cases combined was 18 months, but subtracting operative mortality this increased to 22 months. Mean survival was greater in successive carcinomas, in individuals aged over 55 years (26 months) than in simultaneous carcinomas of the younger age group (13 months). Overall prognosis has improved for simultaneous carcinomas (mean survival 2.5 months for the period 1909--1954 increasing to 25 months for the period 1972--1978); whilst it has remained stable (mean survival 21 months) for successive carcinomas. The mean interval between 2 successive carcinomas was 6 years and 6 months with a range of 5 months for 20 years. Prognosis was based on numerous factors, but in particular treatment. When surgery was incomplete or absent, mean survival was 5 1/2 months (40 cases), the figure reaching 26 months for the 52 cases in whom an adequate excision was performed (of the order of 30 months for the period 1972--1978). No published case should be reported before a minimum survival of 2 years. PMID- 6993570 TI - Human graft versus host disease. AB - Human graft versus host disease is composed of 2 distinct clinical entities, acute graft versus host disease and chronic graft versus host disease, which have different pathogenesis. Acute graft versus host disease is produced by the attack of donor immunocompetent T or null lymphocytes against recipient histocompatibility antigens. The null lymphocytes may attack antigens shared by the donor and recipient and are autocytotoxic lymphocytes which can produce acute graft versus host disease in recipients of identical twin transplants. The cessation of acute graft versus host disease occurs when suppressor lymphocytes appear in the recipient's peripheral circulation. Chronic graft versus host disease is produced by immunocompetent lymphocytes that differentiate in the recipient. Its control is unknown. Some patients with chronic graft versus host disease have in vivo activated suppressor lymphocytes which produce a secondary immunoincompetence and an increased susceptibility to bacterial sepsis and death. PMID- 6993571 TI - The microvasculature is the critical target of the immune response in vascularized skin allograft rejection. AB - Vascularized first set human skin allografts were rejected largely by a process of extensive and progressive microvascular damage leading to ischemia and infarction. Microvascular injury was associated with a cellular immune response. However, vessel damage was at least in part immunologically nonspecific because vessels of the graft bed (host tissue) were damaged as well as those of the graft itself. We conclude that the microvascular endothelium is the critical target of the immune response in vacularized skin allografts in man, and that this sequence of events--primary vascular damage followed by ischemic infarction--may have significance in a variety of experimental and clinical settings. PMID- 6993572 TI - The role of macrophage secretory products in chronic inflammatory processes. AB - Mononuclear phagocytes participate in various stages of chronic inflammatory responses and associated diseases. Such participation is mediated by (a) direct interaction with pericellular interstitial tissue components as well as with other cell types present at sites of inflammation and (b) by secretion of soluble mediators. Several of these mediators are synthesized and secreted in increased amounts after macrophages interact with inflammatory stimuli. In this paper we pay particular attention to neutral proteinases and prostaglandins. It is shown that these 2 classes of mediators are released in significant amounts under different conditions. Prostaglandins are synthesized most readily by resident populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages responding to various model inflammatory stimuli. Mouse peritoneal macrophage populations elicited in vivo by inflammatory stimuli are less responsive in this respect. In contrast neutral proteinase secretion does not occur in resident cell populations but is observed on a continuous basis in elicited populations. Such secretion can be increased further by addition of phagocytic stimuli and initiated in resident populations by model inflammatory stimuli such as phorbol myritate acetate. Other secretory products of macrophages with possible relevance to inflammation are discussed briefly. Finally some of the effects of antiinflammatory glucocorticoids, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and dapsone on the secretory activity of macrophages are briefly summarized. PMID- 6993574 TI - Complement activation in pemphigus. PMID- 6993573 TI - Unusual numbers and distribution of Langerhans cells in skin with unique immunologic properties. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells resemble macrophages/monocytes in several remarkable ways: both bear surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules and for the C3b complement component. They take up, process and present antigen to reactive lymphocytes in an extremely effective fashion. They display on their cell surfaces the alloantigenic determinants encoded by genes of the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. Using ATPase activity, Langerhans cell surface densities are abnormal in 3 cutaneous sites which exhibit unique immunologic properties: markedly reduced numbers in hamster cheek pouch; reduced numbers and uneven distributions in murine tail skin; no Langerhans cells occur within corneal epithelium. As a functional expression of the absence of Langerhans cells from murine corneas, allografts prepared from corneal epithelium fail to sensitize recipients to Ia antigens encoded by I region genes of the donor. Corneal grafts disparate from their hosts at only I region loci are accepted for at least 45 days. The absence of Langerhans cells from cornea may account in part for its property as an immunologically privileged tissue. Subthreshold numbers of Langerhans cells in cheek pouch epithelium may contribute significantly to the observations that the hamster cheek pouch is an immunologically privileged site. We infer that skin deficient in Langerhans cells may be consequently deficient in alloantigenicity. Equally important, Langerhans cell-poor skin may be lacking in certain essential functions relating to the induction and expression of immune reactivity. PMID- 6993575 TI - Pemphigus acantholysis: a unique immunological injury. PMID- 6993576 TI - Proteinase activation: a mechanism for cellular dyshesion in pemphigus. AB - An in vitro model system using cultured newborn epidermal cells was employed to investigate the binding of pemphigus autoantibody and subsequent loss of adhesion between epidermal cells. Pemphigus antibodies bound to both mouse and human cultured epidermal cells. Incubation of cultured newborn mouse epidermal cells with pemphigus antibody followed by gentle agitation induced loss of adhesion between the epidermal cells and the plastic culture dish. Release of viable epidermal cells from the dish was inhibited by the proteinase inhibitors, soybean trypsin inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin. These observations suggest that pemphigus antibody induces viable epidermal cells to activate cellular proteinases which then degrade the glycocalyx and cause cellular dyshesion and acantholysis. PMID- 6993577 TI - Erythema multiforme: direct immunofluorescence studies and detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - The immunologic parameters of 23 patients with erythema multiforme who were seen by us (17 patients) or who had biopsies sent for immunofluorescence testing (6 cases) are reviewed. Biopsy specimens were sectioned and tested with labeled antisera to human IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and fibrin. Fourteen biopsies showed IgM deposits in the superficial blood vessels, 13 demonstrated C3, 15 showed fibrin deposition, and 1 biopsy showed IgA deposition. All biopsies were negative for IgG. Eight serum samples tested by indirect IF were negative for skin-reactive antibodies. In addition to IF testing, serum samples from 20 patients were tested for circulating immune complexes with a Clq binding radioassay and a monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) inhibition assay. Immune complexes were not detected by the Clq binding assay, but 6 of 20 serum samples demonstrated low to moderate levels of immune complexes by the mRF inhibition assay. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation in the mRF-reactive material in one serum sample sedimented in high molecular weight fractions and also demonstrated anticomplementary activity. These findings suggest that immune complex formation and subsequent deposition in the cutaneous microvasculature may play a role in the pathogenesis of erythema multiforme. PMID- 6993578 TI - Mixed cryoglobulinemia, 125I C1q binding and skin immunofluorescence in erythema multiforme. PMID- 6993579 TI - Mycosis fungoides: clinical course and cellular abnormalities. AB - Mycosis fungoides is a lymphoma that appears to begin in skin. Although variable in its clinical course, it tends to affect middle-aged people, is present for a median of 4 yr before diagnosis, and generally results in death of the patient 4 to 5 yr after diagnosis. Cutaneous tumors and palpably enlarged lymph nodes are associated with shortened survival, and each of these frequently is accompanied by extracutaneous dissemination of the disease. The malignant cells are T lymphocytes with highly infolded nuclei, and they frequently express a helper cell function. Their chromosome complement has been found to be abnormal in karyotyping studies, and measurement of the amount of DNA by cytophotometry may permit diagnosis of the disease before the histological characteristics are detectable by light microscopy. PMID- 6993580 TI - Passenger leukocytes and the immunogenicity of skin allografts. PMID- 6993583 TI - Homage to Paul Langerhans. PMID- 6993581 TI - Ontogeny of Langerhans cells. AB - Results of transplantation and chimera studies indicate that epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from precursor cells originating bone marrow. PMID- 6993582 TI - Langerhans cells: functional aspects revealed by in vivo grafting studies. PMID- 6993584 TI - Langerhans cells as macrophages in skin and lymphoid organs. AB - Properties of epidermal Langerhans cell were compared with those of a number of other dendritic cells in lymphoid organs and of mononuclear phagocytes. Among the dendritic "reticulum" cells included were indeterminate cells from the epidermis, interdigitating "reticulum" cells from T-dependent areas of lymphoid tissue and thymus, follicular dendritic cells of Nossal, and the dendritic cells described by Steinman and Cohn. Interdigitating cells with typical Birbeck granules, in the thymus and in the paracortices of lymph nodes, which are morphologically indistinguishable from Langerhans cells and indeterminate dendritic cells in the epidermis, appear to belong to the same system and possibly represent a subpopulation of "macrophages." On the basis of their similarity to these other dendritic cells, we believe Langerhans cells may function in antigen presentation, lymphokine production, provision of a microenvironment for T lymphocytes, and prostaglandin secretion. PMID- 6993586 TI - Tolerance-inducing passenger leukocytes in perinatal skin grafts of the mouse. PMID- 6993585 TI - Langerhans cells in acute and chronic epidermal lesions of atopic dermatitis, observed by L-dopa histofluorescence, glycol methacrylate thin secretion, and electron microscopy. PMID- 6993587 TI - Endemic syphilis: transfer of resistance to Treponema pallidum strain Bosnia A in hamsters with a cell suspension enriched in thymus-derived cells. AB - Direct evidence for involvement of thymus-derived (T) cells in host defense against syphilitic infection is presented. Irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted hamsters receiving cells from hamsters immune to infection with Treponema pallidum strain Bosnia A had significantly lower weights and fewer treponemes per lymph node than animals that had received normal lymphoid cells or only normal bone marrow cells. Cell suspensions enriched in T cells from immune hamsters were obtained by sequential filtration of pooled spleen and lymph node cells through glass- and nylon-wool columns. The fractionated suspensions of cells responded poorly to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and dextran sulfate, but responded relatively strongly to the T-cell mitogen, convanavalin A. After fractionation the proportion of cells susceptible to antithymocyte serum and complement increased significantly. These immune cell suspensions depleted of bone marrow-derived cells closely resembled unfractionated suspensions in their ability to confer resistance to challenge with T. pallidium. PMID- 6993588 TI - A controlled study of penicillin therapy of group A streptococcal acquisitions in Egyptian families. AB - A two-year controlled trial of benzathine penicillin G treatment of persons who acquired group A streptococci, identified by semimonthly throat cultures, was carried out in Egypt in 110 apparently normal families and 84 families with a child suspected of having rheumatic heart disease. Penicillin treatment was associated with a marked decrease in prevalence of the organism (19.0%-5.4%) and a modest decrease in introductions into families (0.79-0.54 single introductions per person per year) but no decrease in spread within nonrheumatic families. Results in suspected-rheumatic families were similar. It was concluded that the schedule of penicillin treatment used had a minimal effect on streptococcal spread and is unlikely to be an effective control tool. Spread within families was most intense in those episodes in which the household contacts were two to 14 years of age, the introducer had sought medical care, or the introducer ultimately carried the streptococcal strain for three or more months. PMID- 6993590 TI - The philosophy of a neurosurgeon. PMID- 6993589 TI - Quantitative culture of intravenous catheters and other intravascular inserts. AB - Quantitative cultures were done on 149 intravenous catheters and 40 additional intravascular inserts. Intradermal and intravascular segments of the insert were cultured separately. The inserts were immersed in broth and flushed. The number of colony-forming units (cfu) per insert was estimated by surface culture of serial dilution of the broth. Nonquantitative culture of undiluted broth was also done. Since all inserts associated with bacteremia had at least 10(3) cfu, inserts greater than 10(3) cfu were considered infected. Staphylococcus epidermidis was more likely than more virulent organisms to colonize an insert without causing bacteremia. The inserts in one bacteremic patient were infected from a distant bloodstream focus; however, in the majority of patients, quantitative intradermal cultures suggested that the insertion site was the portal of entry. In bacteremic patients, either a positive quantitative or a nonquantitative culture identified an infected insert. However, only 33% of positive nonquantitative insert cultures from nonbacteremic patients were confirmed by quantitative insert culture. PMID- 6993591 TI - Activation of the coagulation system in association with neoplasia. PMID- 6993593 TI - Photolysis of protoporphyrin-treated human fibroblasts in vitro: studies on the mechanism. PMID- 6993592 TI - Impaired cellular interactions involving lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - Abnormal cellular interactions between T and B lymphocytes were identified in patients with CLL and AT. The system employed utilized the detection of a newly recognized lymphokine, NIF-T. This mediator is produced by T lymphocytes as a result of the interaction between T and B cells. Our studies demonstrated impaired T cell function but normal B cell activity in patients with AT with respect to mitogenic stimulation and MLC reactivity. In contrast, patients with B cell CLL had normal T cell function. The leukemic B cells from these patients, however, failed to collaborate with normal T cells in response to mitogens, and they did not participate in MLC reactions. In contrast, lymphocytes from patients with HCL functioned normally with respect to NIF-T production. PMID- 6993595 TI - Legionnaires' disease. Recognition of the Togus strain. PMID- 6993594 TI - Unusual complications following abdominal hysterectomy: dyspareunia and consort glans laceration after vaginal cuff stapling. PMID- 6993596 TI - The soft tissue infections--a review. PMID- 6993597 TI - Roles of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine in steroid-induced lactation in goats. AB - Plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine have been examined in relation to mammary growth and lactation induced by oestradiol benzoate (OB) and progesterone in ten virgin female goats. A daily injection of OB (250 microgram) and progesterone (60 mg) stimulated a significant, accumulative increase in prolactin in the circulation after 15 and 65 days and this was accompanied by udder growth. No increase in udder size was observed when prolactin was maintained at basal concentrations by simultaneous daily injections of the prolactin-inhibitor, bromocriptine (5 mg). Increasing the daily dose of OB (2.5 mg) and decreasing that of progesterone (6.25 mg) led to a further increase in both plasma prolactin and udder size and stimulated the onset of copious lactation. When prolactin was maintained close to basal concentrations throughout the periods of steroid treatment milk secretion was almost totally inhibited. There was some evidence that steroid treatment enhanced the prolactin response to milking and that additional quantities of bromocriptine were necessary to inhibit the secretion of prolactin when the pituitary gland was exposed to steroid stimulation. There were no marked changes in growth hormone, insulin or thyroxine in the circulation until the start of milking. It is concluded that the presence of increased quantities of prolactin in the blood are essential for the successful induction of mammary growth and lactation with OB and progesterone in virgin goats. PMID- 6993598 TI - Suppression of the luteinizing hormone releasing effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone by arginine-vasotocin in immature male dogs. AB - Arginine-vasotocin (0.1 or 10 ng/kg body wt) was administered into the carotid artery of anaesthetized immature male dogs 3 h before the administration of a standard dose of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH, 5 microgram/kg body wt) into the same vessel. The rate of secretion of 17-oxosteroids by the testes in vivo served as an index of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The administration of LH-RH into the carotid artery of control dogs which had been injected with isotonic saline caused a slight but definite increase in the secretion of testicular 17-oxosteroids. This effect of LH-RH on the testicular secretion of steroids was markedly reduced by pretreatment with arginine vasotocin. However, the testicular response to the i.v. administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (5 i.u./kg body wt) was unaffected by pretreatment with arginine-vasotocin (10 ng/kg body wt). These results indicate that in immature male dogs, arginine-vasotocin is able to inhibit the action of LH-RH by acting directly on the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 6993599 TI - Gonadotrophin release in hypogonadal and normal mice after electrical stimulation of the median eminence or injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - Electrical stimulation of the median eminence, using parameters known to cause the release of LH in normal male mice, failed to elicit any gonadotrophin response in nypogonadal (hpg) male mice. Administration of 40 ng synthetic LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) resulted in release of LH from the pituitary gland of hpg mice, although the response was significantly lower than that of normal mice. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the hypogonadal state of the hpg mouse results from a functional basence of LH-RH in the hypothalamus rather than from a lack of response of the pituitary gland to the releasing hormone. PMID- 6993600 TI - Effects of arginine and glucose on the release of insulin in the sheep fetus. AB - The effect of L-arginine on fetal insulin release has been investigated in the chronically catheterized sheep fetus and the findings have been compared with the beta cell response to glucose. An infusion of arginine for 5 min (200 mg as a solution of 11.5 mmol/l) stimulated a rapid release of insulin in all the fetuses from 119 to 142 days of gestational age. The maximum insulin concentration occurred at the end of infusion; the mean insulin increase between 0 and 5 min was 18.0 +/- 2.0 mocrounits/ml (n = 20). The response to infusion of glucose for 5 min (1 g as a solution of 2.8 mol/l) was more variable and slower than that to arginine with the peak concentration of insulin occurring 10 min after the end of infusion. The mean increase in the concentration of insulin between 0 and 15 min in response to glucose was 42.5 +/- microunits/ml (n = 11). The response to arginine but not to glucose was related to the gestatinal age of the fetus. The increment in insulin in response to glucose was dependent upon the initial concentration of fetal plasma glucose. The observations are discussed in relation to the regulation of insulin release in utero and the mechanisms of insulin secretion. PMID- 6993601 TI - Effects of vagal stimulation, vagotomy and adrenalectomy on release of insulin in the rat. AB - To evaluate the physiological role of the vagus nerve in the secretion of insulin in the rat, changes in plasma levels of insulin and sugar were examined after vagotomy with and without adrenalectomy. Male rats, fasted for 22 h, weighing about 300 g and anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium were used. Thirty minutes after unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy, the first blood sample was taken just before pancreatic vagotomy and a second sample was taken 15 min after vagotomy. Pancreatic vagotomy significantly decreased levels of plasma insulin in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. It was also confirmed that electrical stimulation of the pancreatic vagus nerve provoked an increase in levels of insulin associated with a reduction of carbohydrates in the blood. These observations support the theory that there is a vagal mechanism which modulates the secretion of insulin and suggest that the vagal mechanism is a potent factor although such a mechanism may be masked by the activity of the adrenal gland. PMID- 6993602 TI - Biological significance of active and inactive renin in man. AB - The biological significance of active and inactive renin was investigated by comparison of an in-vitro assay of active, total and inactive plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma concentrations of angiotensin I and II with an in-vivo change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) produced by antagonism of angiotensin with treatment with saralasin and by blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme by treatment with captopril. A significant relationship between the changes in MAP during treatment with saralasin and captopril with the pretreatment levels of PRA, active and total PRC and angiotensin II were found; while the pre-existing level of inactive renin was not a predictor for the hypotensive effect of saralasin and captopril. During treatment with saralasin and captopril significant increases in PRA, plasma angiotensin I concentration and total and active PRC were found and no change in inactive PRC was observed. PMID- 6993603 TI - Effects of insulin and glucagon on production of renin substrate by the isolated rat liver. AB - An isolated rat liver perfusion system was used to study the effects of insulin and glucagon on renin substrate production. Normal livers synthesized renin substrate at a rate of 28.3 +/- 3.8 (S.E.M.) ng angiotensin I equiv./g liver each h (n = 8). The addition of insulin (more than 0.1 i.u.) to the perfusion significantly enhanced the production of renin substrate which was about twofold higher than normal control values (P less than 0.001). However, glucagon (20 micrograms) did not affect the synthesis of renin substrate. These results indicated that insulin promoted the synthesis of renin substrate by the isolated rat liver. PMID- 6993604 TI - Renin, aldosterone and cortisol in the thoroughbred horse. AB - To assess the renin-aldosterone system in a large mammal, simultaneous morning activities of plasma renin and concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol were measured in 25 thoroughbred horses. Renin was relatively low in all horses (0.16 +/- 0.02 (S.E.M.) ng angiotensin I/ml per h), levels of aldosterone in plasma were 527 +/- 130 pmol/1 and levels of cortisol in plasma were 141 +/- 11 nmol/l. Levels of aldosterone were significantly correlated with levels of renin in all horses (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) but not with those of cortisol, and renin was negatively correlated with age in male horses (r = -0.54, P less than 0.05). Horse plasma renin had a pH optimum of 6.0. These data suggest that the thoroughbred horse has a functioning renin-aldosterone system characterized by levels of plasma renin activity that are much lower relative to those of other mammalian species. PMID- 6993606 TI - Multiplicity of factors involved in cancer patterns and trends. PMID- 6993605 TI - Prediction of carcinogenicity based on structure, chemical reactivity and possible metabolic pathways. AB - The carcinogenicity and chemical structure-reactivity relationships of alkylating and acylating agents have been examined for approximately one hundred compounds in these classes. The alkylating compound types of interest included epoxides, lactones, halo-ethers and 1,4-dichlorobutene-2. The acylating agents examined were dimethyl- and diethyl-carbamyl chloride. The biologically active compounds in this series are direct-acting carcinogens, i.e. they do not need to be metabolized to activated intermediates. Of the compounds examined, three industrial chemicals are now classified as human carcinogens based on epidemiologic studies. They are: chloromethyl methyl ether, bis(chloromethyl)ether, and the widely used compound epichlorohydrin. Two other industrial chemicals which have been shown to be potent carcinogens by several routes of administration in mice and rats, including inhalation exposure in rats, are potential human occupational carcinogens. They are: 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 and dimethyl-carbamyl chloride. The studies show that this approach of structure activity studies can lead to prediction of human carcinogenicity before epidemiologic studies are carried out. This work has been extended to indirect acting carcinogens such as halo-olefins by an examination of possible metabolic pathways and from the latter, the prediction of carcinogenicity. These extensive studies have led to the capability of selecting and pinpointing potential animal carcinogens and in some instances also human carcinogens, as exemplified by the three occupational carcinogens cited above. Similar studies have been extended to co-carcinogens and tumor promoters. PMID- 6993607 TI - The environment and cancer prevention. PMID- 6993608 TI - Carcinogenicity of hair dye components. AB - The available animal carcinogenicity data on hair dye components was reviewed. From this review it became clear that certain hair dye components, some of which are still in hair dye formulations now on the market, are animal carcinogens. The compounds of concern that are still in use are: 3-amino-4-methoxyaniline, 2-nitro 4-aminoaniline and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyaniline. Certain azo dyes formerly used, and related compounds still in use, contain the benzidine moiety. Two of these compounds, Direct Blue 6 and Direct Black 38, have been shown to be metabolized in animals to the human carcinogen benzidine. Furthermore, skin absorption studies carried out with radiolabeled hair dye components applied to animal or human skin have conclusively shown that these compounds are systemically absorbed and excreted. Known cocarcinogens such as catechol and pyrogallol, which enhance benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenicity on mouse skin, are used as hair dye components. It is not known whether such compounds will enhance the carcinogenicity of substituted aniline hair dye chemicals. The available epidemiologic data are not sufficient to link hair dye use with an increased incidence in human cancer. PMID- 6993609 TI - Lipids and carcinogenesis. AB - Experiments with animals and epidemiological data on human populations have provided evidence that high fat diets increase the incidence of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer and colon cancer. High fat diets enhance mammary tumorigenesis in rats only when the fat contains a certain minimal level of essential fatty acids. Dietary fat appears to act as a promoter rather than affecting initiation of mammary tumors. It may do this by producing a more favorable environment for development and growth of tumor cells, either by changing the hormonal environment, by altering the properties of cell membranes thorugh changes in their lipid composition, or by other mechanisms, such as alterations in immune responses to tumor cells. The effect of dietary fat on colon cancer may be related to increased production and excretion of bile acids, some of which have been shown to be promoters of intestinal cancer in animals. It may be possible to utilize this knowledge of the effects of dietary fat on carcionogenesis to develop new methods for prevention and treatment of breast and colon cancer. PMID- 6993610 TI - The possible role of free radical reactions in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6993611 TI - Nutrient deficiencies in cancer causation. PMID- 6993612 TI - Inhibitors of chemical carcinogens. AB - A diverse group of compounds inhibit the action of chemical carcinogens when administered prior to and/or simultaneously with the carcinogen. The inhibitors include naturally-occurring constituents of foods as well as synthetic compounds introduced into the environment. Three general mechanisms of inhibition exist. The first, illustrated by disulfiram inhibition of dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasia of the large bowel, is the direct blocking of enzymatic activation of the carcinogen to its reactive ultimate carcinogenic form. The second mechanism of inhibition entails the stimulation of a coordinated detoxification response which results in increased activity of detoxifying enzymes in the microsomes and also the cytosol. At least two subdivisions of this response occur. One, for which butylated hydroxyanisole is a prototype, shows enhanced activity of some microsomal enzymes but not aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). However, it does have a rapidly active component which results in marked alteration of microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene. Another, for which a prototypical inhibitor is beta naphthoflavone is characterized by induction of increased AHH activity. The third general mechanism of carcinogen inhibition entails the direct scavenging of reactive carcinogenic species by the inhibitor. Evidence supporting the psosibility that inhibitors play a role in the response of humans to carcinogens consists of three types. The first is the chemical diversity of the inhibitors and their actual occurrence in the environment. The second is the resposiveness of the detoxification systems, particularly those in the tissues of the major portals of entry, to the naturally-occurring or synthetic inhibitors. The third is a group of epidemiological studies which suggest that individuals consuming relatively large quantities of vegetables, a major source of naturally-occurring inhibitors, are at lower risk from gastrointestinal cancers. PMID- 6993613 TI - Endogenous nitrite formation in man. PMID- 6993615 TI - Pre-existing, non-malignant disorders associated with increased cancer risk. PMID- 6993614 TI - Carcinogenic potential of drugs. PMID- 6993616 TI - Chemical agents and occupational cancer. PMID- 6993617 TI - Relationships of bioassay data on chemicals to their toxic and carcinogenic risk for humans. PMID- 6993618 TI - DNA damage, repair systems and human hypersensitive diseases. AB - Damage to DNA from carcinogenic agents is one of the early events involved in carcionogenesis. Damage can be mended by excision repair, which is a set of enzymatic pathways by which damaged sites are removed and normal DNA structure restored. Unrepaired damage interferes with DNA replication producing a variety of alterations in chain growth, initiation and termination and sister chromatid exchanges, some of which may result in mutagenesis, transformation and carcinogenesis. Many human diseases exhibit both alterations in excision repair and elevated levels of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6993619 TI - A comparison of enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology. AB - A series of 137 urine samples were analyzed for drugs of abuse by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Agreement between these methods was excellent and ranged from 93.4% for benzodiazepines to 98.5% for propoxyphene. EMIT false negative were traced to the presence of elevated endogenous lysozyme or other interfering materials. In the case of moderate amounts of lysozyme the use of a blank would lead to correct results. Disagreement in the identification of nine benzodiazepine samples was found to be due to a low recovery of benzodiazepine metabolites from urine. Recovery could be improved by incubation of the urine sample with the enzyme beta-glucuronidase. PMID- 6993621 TI - A bibliography of recommended reference books for forensic toxicology laboratories. PMID- 6993620 TI - Medicaid fraud law unconstitutional. PMID- 6993622 TI - The effect of methyl glyoxal on cell division and the synthesis of protein and DNA in synchronous and asynchronous cultures of Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Methyl glyoxal inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli in synchronous and asynchronous culture. The inhibition of growth is accompanied by immediate inhibition of protein synthesis and of the initiation of replication of DNA. When methyl glyoxal is added after initiation of a round of replication the elongation of new DNA chains is not inhibited. Cell division is inhibited if methyl glyoxal is added up to about 22 min prior to division. These results support the view that the primary effect of methyl glyoxal is on protein synthesis. PMID- 6993623 TI - Regulation of nitrogenase biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae: effect of nitrate. AB - The rate of biosynthesis of nitrogenase polypeptides in Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined in a medium containing NaNO3 or NaNO2. Nitrogenase biosynthesis was completely repressed by NO3- in a mutant strain, strain SK-25, that is derepressed for nitrogenase biosynthesis in the presence of NH4+. Chlorate resistant mutants, derived from strain SK-25, that are defective in NO3- respiration produced nitrogenase in the presence of NO3-. Strain SK-56), a chlorate-resistant derivative capable of NO3- respiration, produced no nitrogenase in the presence of NO3- or NO2-. Klebsiella pneumoniae respired under anaerobic conditions utilizing either NO3- or NO2- as terminal electron acceptor. A mechanism for the control of nitrogenase biosynthesis is discussed involving the redox control of anaerobic enzyme systems. PMID- 6993624 TI - Disappearance of nystatin resistance in Candida mediated by ergosterol. AB - Two nystatin-resistant mutants of Candida were isolated in vivo and identified as C. albicans and C. krusei. Analysis of the sterol composition of these cells indicated a total absence of ergosterol and an increased level of a possible precursor. Successive cultures of the resistant strains in a medium supplemented with 10 microgram ergosterol ml-1 induced in 5d a sensitivity to nystatin identical to that of the wild-type strain. These ergosterol-supplemented strains had an ergosterol content similar to that of the wild-type strain cultured in the absence of ergosterol. Resistance to nystatin was recovered after 5d subculture in medium without ergosterol. PMID- 6993625 TI - Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans by imidazole-containing antifungals. AB - A simple procedure for studying sterol biosynthesis in cell-free homogenates of Candida albicans is described. The activities of some imidazole-containing antifungals (tioconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole and miconazole) as inhibitors of sterol C-14 demethylation have been determined using this technique. PMID- 6993626 TI - A mutant defective in electron transfer to nitrate in Escherichia coli K12. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 is described which is unable to reduce nitrate with a variety of physiological electron donors but which retains nitrate reductase activity with the artificial electron donor benzyl viologen. It is suggested that the affected gene, chlI, located close to chlC, encodes the cytochrome bNR apoprotein. PMID- 6993628 TI - The effect of purified lipopolysaccharide on the bactericidal reaction of human serum complement. AB - Escherichia coli ML308 225 was killed and lysed by human serum. Bacterial sensitivity to serum was maximal for organisms in the early-exponential phase of batch culture and declined as growth proceeded. Bacterial killing was dependent upon the complete complement sequence and the subsequent action of serum lysozyme caused bacteriolysis. Purified lipopolysaccharide from this organism bound to serum-sensitive bacteria and inhibited the bactericidal reaction. PMID- 6993627 TI - Intracellular distribution of carbon dioxide-fixing enzymes in Trypanosoma cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata. AB - The intracellular distribution of phosphoenopyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) and NADP-linked malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activity in epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain) and in Crithidia fasciculata has been studied by two procedures: (i) subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation of homogenates obtained by breaking the cells in a mortar; (ii) selective disruption of cellular membranes by digitonin treatment. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is particulate in both organisms, as is one of the two forms of malic enzyme present in T. cruzi (malic enzyme I), whereas the other malic enzyme of T. cruzi (malic enzyme II) and the single malic enzyme of C. fasciculata are in the cytosol. PMID- 6993629 TI - Psychosomatic aspects of cancer: an overview. AB - An overview of research on the psychosomatic aspects of cancer indicated that earlier psychoanalytic interpretations which focused on intrapsychic elements have given way to considerations of rehabilitation of victims of cancer and assistance with the complex emotional reactions of patients to terminal disease and of patients' families both to the disease and to death. PMID- 6993630 TI - Effects of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children. AB - Most studies dealing with spina bifida children concentrate on medical or physical factors, largely ignoring any psychosocial and educational consequences. The present study assessed the effect of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children. Thirty-six spina bifida boys and girls (mean age 82.87 months) with a myelomeningocele and an associated hydrocephalus were assigned randomly to either a control, attention-placebo, or experimental group. Following the administration of the Frostig Program for the Development of Visual Perception, the experimental group significantly improved on a global index of visual perception and the five subtests of Frostig's Development Test of Visual Perception; at a maintenance test two months later, all treatment gains (except on the visual spatial perception subtest) were still evident. These results are discussed in terms of the provision of remedial education for spina bifida children, and a possible cognitive mechanism mediating the behavioral change in the experimental group. PMID- 6993631 TI - Slice preparation of rat medulla and pons maintained for five hours in vitro. AB - Slices of rat medulla and pons were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered medium and their electrical activity was monitored for five hours with microelectrodes. The morphology of these slices was compared with that of the same region of rats of the same age using prior perfusion or immersion in fixatives before incubation. Many neurons in incubated slices show shrinkage necrosis (apoptosis) but not dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum seen in most neurons fixed immediately after slicing. In incubated slices, some processes but not somata of glia appeared swollen: to a lesser extent some dendritic and axonal processes were swollen. Glia showed no cytoplasmic reaction after five hours to indicate that they might phagocytose damaged tissue components. Synapses appeared morphologically normal after the period of incubation and there was an apparent increase in numbers of profiles resembling growth cones. PMID- 6993633 TI - A seminar on antibiotics. PMID- 6993632 TI - Evaluation of a liver transplant by Tc-99m dimethyl-IDA scintigraphy. AB - In liver-transplant patients, it is always difficult to differentiate between rejection crises and extrahepatic biliary obstruction on the basis of standard biochemical tests alone. A case is reported of a patient who received a transplant following total hepatectomy performed because of a hepatoma. Scintigraphy with Tc-99m N-(dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid pointed conclusively to an obstructive process, which was confirmed at re operation. PMID- 6993634 TI - Gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity: bibliography and citation analysis. PMID- 6993635 TI - Population control in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 6993636 TI - Interpositional genioplasty for the short face syndrome. AB - A surgical approach for the correction of the facial imbalance that exists in many patients with the short face syndrome was presented. Preliminary results indicate that the interpositional lengthening genioplasty provides stable, predictable, and esthetically pleasing results. PMID- 6993637 TI - Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. PMID- 6993638 TI - Ultrastructure of cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte series (MPS) across the leprosy spectrum. AB - A systematic ultrastructural study of cells of the MPS across the spectrum of leprosy has been carried out. Graded changes in macrophage ultrastructure from the lepromatous to the tuberculoid poles have been shown. Mycobacteria-filled macrophages in lepromatous leprosy are characterised by long cell processes, whereas in borderline tuberculoid leprosy these cells have a rounded appearance and are mainly characterised by numerous intracellular vacuoles. In borderline leprosy, macrophages have an intermediate appearance. Cells of the MPS containing abundant endoplasmic reticulum were only seen in typical "epithelioid cell" tuberculoid granulomas in "BT in reaction" and in the Mitsuda reaction. Epithelioid cell granulomas in other forms of BT leprosy contained activated macrophages. PMID- 6993639 TI - Purine base and nucleoside uptake in Plasmodium berghei and host erythrocytes. AB - The absorption of 3H-labeled adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and 14C-labeled inosine by normal rat erythrocytes, Plasmodium bergheri-infected erythrocytes and saponin released "free parasites" was measured. The uptake of these labeled substrates by normal rat erythrocytes occurs both by diffusion and mediated transport systems. Similar absorptive mechanisms for these substrates also were observed for both Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes and "free parasites." Data from inhibition studies using purine base and nucleoside analogues indicate the presence of three distinct transport loci in the normal erythrocyte for adenosine-inosine, hypoxanthine, and adenine and two loci in the infected erythrocyte and "free parasite" for adenosine-inosine-hypoxanthine and adenine. The initial metabolism of 3H-adenosine by the "free parasite" also was examined. A double isotope technique was used to follow the separate metabolic fates of the purine base and ribose moieties of adenosine. The data suggest a possible conversion of adenosine to the purine base and ribose moiety and subsequent uptake of the purine base by the parasite. In addition, a powerful adenosine deaminase inhibitor (2-deoxcoformycin) significantly reduced the uptake of 3H adenosine by the "free parasites." Chromatographs of aliquots from postincubation media show the tritium label to be associated predominately with adenosine in the presence of 2-deoxycoformycin and with isoine and hypoxanthine in the absence of the inhibitor. PMID- 6993640 TI - The paraxial structure of the flagellum of trypanosomatidae. AB - The flagella of several Trypanosomatidae (Trypanosoma cruzi, Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, Leptomonas samueli, Herpetomonas megaseliae, and Crithidia harmosa) were studied. Besides the axoneme, they have a filamentous, latticelike structure, the paraxial or paraflagellar rod. This structure was not observed in the flagellum of the intracellular spheromastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, but it appeared when the transformation of epimastigote and trypomastigote stages occured. Cross sections of the flagella show that the paraxial structure maintains a fixed position relative to the axonemal microtubules, being localized in a region comprised between doublets 4 and 7. Flagella of T. cruzi and H. samuelpessoai were isolated using the detergent lubrox PX. Most of them did not have a flagellar membrane. However, the paraxial structure remained associated with the axoneme. By negative staining, short projections were seen connecting the paraxial structure to the axonemal microtubules. The paraxial structure did not stain with phosphotungstic acid as occurs with the peripheral doublet microtubules, but it is formed by microfilaments longitudinally oriented in relation to the axoneme crossed in two directions by oblique filaments which make an angle of 45 degrees with the longitudinal ones. PMID- 6993641 TI - Peptones and calf serum as a replacement for human serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Attempts were made to find an inexpensive, readily available substitute for human serum requirement for the continuous culture of erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We found that Neopeptone or Proteose-Peptone No. 3 added together with calf serum gave parasite growth rates comparable to, or surpassing, those obtained with human serum. However, first it was necessary to adapt the parasites by a gradual, stepwise reduction in the amount of human serum used, and a concomitant, stepwise increase in the substitutes added. PMID- 6993642 TI - Immunization of rats against malaria: a new model. PMID- 6993643 TI - Infection with Schistosomatium douthitti (Schistosomatidae) in the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in Michigan. PMID- 6993645 TI - Observations on the host specificity of Hymenolepis straminea (Goeze). AB - The experimental infection of rodents as potential, definitive hosts with Hymenolepis straminea indicated that hamsters and field mice were susceptible to infection. By comparison, laboratory mice exhibited a significantly lowered susceptibility. Artificially induced depression of the immune response enabled the parasite to be cultured in several strains of laboratory mice, and suggested that the thymus played a major role in rejection of the parasite. PMID- 6993644 TI - Isolation and characterization of pellicular membranes from Trypanosoma lewisi bloodstream forms. PMID- 6993646 TI - Ascaris oocytes: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical changes during passage through the oviduct. AB - Slender, bipolar, immature, Ascaris suum oocytes assume a smooth, spherical configuration as they traverse the oviduct. The present investigation was conducted to determine if this morphological alteration might be accompanied by changes in surface membranes. Immunocytochemical studies were conducted utilizing (1) fluorescein-labeled, sheep, anti-rabbit IgG, (2) Sternberger's unlabeled, antibody-enzyme technique, (3) ferritin-labeled, sheep, anti-rabbit IgG, and (4) an immunobead, labeled-antibody technique. These procedures clearly demonstrated that the surface of both immature and mature oocytes possessed different specific antigens. It is assumed that this acquisition of new antigens (or the loss of older ones) by the mature oocyte is somehow related to a conditioning phenomenon which prepares the oocyte for fertilization. PMID- 6993648 TI - Effect of polyions, Ca++, and enzymes on penetration of cultured cells by Eimeria meleagrimitis sporozoites. AB - Cell cultures from kidneys of turkeys were treated with four cations, two polyamions, or two proteolytic enzymes and then inoculated with Eimeria meleagrimitis sporzoites. After a 20-min incubation, cultures treated with three of the cations (poly-L-histidine, poly-L-lysine, or Ca++) or with chymotrypsin contained significantly fewer intracellular sporozoites than did the untreated control cultures. Increases in the concentration of poly-L-histidine or chymotrypsin produced linear decreases in the numbers of sporozoites. In contrast, after a 2-hr incubation, treated and control cultures contained the same numbers of intracellular sporozoites. Treatment of cell cultures with the fourth cation (DEAE-dextran), the two polyanions (heparin or dextran sulfate), or trypsin did not significantly affect the numbers of sporozoites after either 20 min or 2-hr incubation. Sporozoites that were pretreated with poly-L-histidine, Ca++, or chymotrypsin for 20 min and then inoculated into untreated cultures were found intracellularly in the same numbers as were untreated sporozoites. Apparently, the reduced number of intracellular sporozoites in treated cultures resulted from interactions between the treatment substances and the host cells, and was not caused by immobilization of the parasite. PMID- 6993647 TI - Effect of sodium cyanate on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. AB - Sodium cyanate at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3 Strain) utilizing the Trager-Jensen continuous culture system. At concentration higher than 1 mM, the parasites were irreversibly destroyed. Utilizing synchronized cultures, the relative susceptibilities of early and late trophozite forms were examined, and it was found that both developmental forms were equally susceptible to the action of cyanate. Pretreatment of red cells with sodium cyanate prior to infection did not alter the intracellular growth of the parasite. Consequently, the effect of the drug is likely to be on the parasite per se rather than the red cell. The mechanism of action is probably the carbamylation of essential, parasite proteins that eventually impair growth and/or function. Published pharmacological studies in humans would predict that the level of cyanate at which growth inhibition occurs in vitro can be achieved in vivo and that the adverse effects will likely be minimal for short treatment periods. PMID- 6993649 TI - Translations of parasitological articles reported during 1978 and 1979. PMID- 6993650 TI - Radial incision for surgery of the horizontal rectus muscles. AB - The radial incision for horizontal muscle surgery is described. Its advantages and disadvantages are compared to the fornix and limbal are discussed. PMID- 6993651 TI - Hypocalcemic cataract. AB - A 19-year-old male with advanced renal failure developed bilateral cataracts indistinguishable from those considered characteristic of calcium deficiency. The biochemical findings during the dialysis treatment showed severe hypocalcemic episodes. A hypothetical mechanism to explain this kind of cataract is mentioned. PMID- 6993652 TI - Tetracycline: a clinical study to determine its effectiveness as long-term adjuvant. AB - A random double blind crossover study of patients on the effects of tetracycline therapy over a 3-month period revealed that there were no significant differences between the placebo group and tetracycline-treated groups in relation to (1) Gingival Index, (2) Debris Index and (3) Papillary Bleeding. A marked improvement in the Gingival Index occurred after 3 months of treatment in each group resulting from curettage and home care. Papillary bleeding was significantly reduced after 3 months of treatment in the tetracycline group and similar trends were observed in the placebo group. The Debris Index in both experimental and placebo groups showed no significant change after treatment for 3 months. The data suggest that tetracycline therapy does not appreciably after either the Gingival Index, Debris Index, or the Papillary Bleeding Index over a 3-month period. PMID- 6993654 TI - Structure-activity relationships of benzohydroxamic acid inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. AB - A structure-activity relationship study of 28 substituted benzohydroxamic acids that inhibit ribonucleotide reductase was undertaken to discern the structural features of the molecule contributing to the inhibitory potency of these compounds. An equation containing three molecular connectivity indexes, but not including Hammett sigma values, was developed which gives close correlation with observed values for ribonucleotide reductase inhibition. It is postulated that the inhibitory potency involves two parts of the benzohydroxamic acid molecule. One is the hydroxamic portion, which complexes with the metal component of the enzyme, providing a qualitative effect. The other is an interaction involving the benzene ring and its substituents and may provide the quantitative aspect of the observed inhibition values. PMID- 6993653 TI - The effect of levamisole on experimental gingivitis in the beagle dog. AB - The effect of Levamisole on gingivitis development was studied in three beagle dogs. Plaque accumulation was first allowed on one side of the jaws whereas the other side was subjected to careful tooth cleaning procedures. After 2 weeks' experimental gingivitis the dogs were given Levamisole and plaque accumulation was permitted on the other side of the jaws for another two weeks. The following parameters were investigated in the two gingivitis experiments: Plaque and Gingival Indices, Gingival Exudate measurements and histologic measurements. The biopsies were prepared both for light and electron microscopy. The clinical parameters did not show any differences between the two gingivitis experiments. The biopsies, however, demonstrated a larger area of infiltrated connective tissue and an increased number of leukocytes in the junctional epithelium in Levamisole-treated compared to normal animals. PMID- 6993655 TI - The effect of meclofenamate on renal blood flow in the unanesthetized dog: relation to renal prostaglandins and sodium balance. AB - We compared the effects of sodium meclofenamate (5 mg/kg i.v.), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, on renal function in six unanesthetized dogs maintained for 5 to 7 days before the experiment on 100 mEq/day of NaCl and after sodium depletion by furosemide administration and salt deprivation. Plasma renin activity (PRA) during sodium depletion (12.35 +/- 3.93 ng ml-1 hr-1) was higher than during sodium repletion (1.46 +/- 0.47 ng ml-1 hr-1; P less than .05). The administration of meclofenamate did not alter mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, urine volume, excretion of sodium and potassium or PRA in the sodium replete dog. However, during sodium depletion meclofenamate reduced renal blood flow from 168 +/- 35 to 105 +/- 23 ml/min (P less than .01) and urine flow from 0.32 +/- 0.09 to 0.16 +/- 0.05 ml/min (P less than .05) but did not affect mean arterial pressure, electrolyte excretion or PRA. The meclofenamate-induced reduction in renal blood flow during sodium depletion was well correlated with control PRA. After administration of meclofenamate, the urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 fell by 66% (P less than .05) in the sodium replete dog and by 72% (P less than .05) in the sodium depleted dog. This study demonstrates that the effects of meclofenamate on renal hemodynamics vary with the state of sodium balance and in relation to PRA. PMID- 6993657 TI - Suprofen, a new peripheral analgesic. AB - The antinociceptive properties of suprofen [alpha-methyl-4 (thienylcarbonyl)benzene acetic acid] are described in a pathologically induced hyperalgesic model, the rat adjuvant arthritis flexion test. By using this assay, suprofen was characterized as an orally effective, non-narcotic analgesic with a rapid onset and 4-hr duration of activity. Suprofen is 50 times more potent than acetaminophen, five times more potent than codeine and equipotent to the new peripheral analgesics, zomepirac and diflunisal. In combination experiments, suprofen potentiates the analgesic effects of acetaminophen and, unlike morphine, the analgesic effect of suprofen is not blocked by naloxone. In other hyperalgesic assays, suprofen is an extremely potent inhibitor of arachidonate induced writhing and is equipotent to morphine in the yeast-induced paw edema (Randall-Selitto) assay. Additionally, suprofen is inactive on the normal paw in the Randall-Selitto test, the mouse Eddy hot-plate test and the tail withdrawal reflex assay induced by warm water in rats, all sensitive tests capable of detecting central (narcotic) but not peripheral analgesics. Activity on prostaglandin biosynthesis from several species and tissues suggests that suprofen is a tissue selective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. These experiments suggest that suprofen represents a new class of potent, orally effective, peripheral (non-narcotic) analgesics with potential usefulness in a variety of clinical pain situations formerly reserved for narcotics. PMID- 6993656 TI - Narcotic discrimination in pigeons. PMID- 6993658 TI - Tissue distribution and biliary excretion of prostacyclin metabolites in the rat. AB - When tritium labeled prostacyclin (PGI2) or 6-keto PGF1 alpha were injected i.v. into rats, one-third of the dose appeared in the liver after 15 min. Significant levels of radioactivity (8--16%) were also found in the small intestine. These observations plus the prominant fecal excretion of PGI2 radioactivity suggest that PGI2 and/or its metabolites undergo biliary excretion and enterohepatic recirculation. We therefore investigated PGI2 excretion and metabolite composition of the bile in bile duct cannulated rats. After a single bolus i.v. injection of 11-[3H] PGI2 into these rats, an average of 37% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile within 3 hr. A number of metabolites were detected in the bile. The major metabolites were isolated and identified as 2,3 dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor-6,15-diketo-PGF1 alpha glucuronide which each accounted for approximately one-third of the radioactivity in the bile. Other metabolites include 6-keto PGF1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor 6,15-diketo-PGF1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor-6,15-diketo-20-carboxyl PGF1 alpha and 2,3,4,5,6-pentanor-PGF1 alpha-gamma-lactone. We conclude that the liver plays a pivotal role in the inactivation and disposition of prostacyclin. The predominate metabolic pathways occurring in the liver are probably beta-oxidation and glucuronic acid conjugation. PMID- 6993660 TI - Effects of different stages of aortic coarctation hypertension on aortic contraction and relaxation in rats. AB - Contractile responses to norepinephrine, serotonin and potassium (K+) and relaxant responses to isoproterenol and papaverine were studied in vitro with spirally cut thoracic aortic strips from aortic coarcted hypertensive rats (AHR)2, 6, 14 and 28 days postoperatively and compared to time-matched, sham operated normotensive controls. At every stage after coarctation, the rats developed hypertension with elevated plasma renin activity. In response to stimulation by norepinephrine and serotonin, aortic strips from 2 to 28 day AHR developed the same tension as controls, whereas aortas of 6 and 14 day AHR had reduced maximal responses. For K+-stimulated aortic strips, maximal contractile force was decreased at 6 day AHR only. Relaxation by isoproterenol and papaverine in serotonin-contracted aortas was the same in AHR and normotensive controls 2 and 28 days postoperatively but was reduced at 6 and 14 days. The demonstrated changes of vascular contractility and relaxation in AHR is a hypertensive stage dependent phenomenon. It is speculated that 6 and 14 days after coarctation the diminished relaxant ability of the aortas helps to maintain the elevated blood pressure and the diminished sensitivity to contractile stimulants is a protective mechanism in response to the elevated blood pressure. The return of normal contraction and relaxation to the agonists in the chronic stage of hypertension may possibly reflect an adaptive change to the prolonged stimulus of the elevated blood pressure that aortic tissue had undergone in order to maintain normal physiologic functions. PMID- 6993659 TI - The cardiac effects of prostaglandins and their modification by the prostaglandin antagonist N-0164. AB - The cardiac actions of a number of prostaglandins and their modification by the prostaglandin antagonist sodium p-benzyl-4-[1-oxo-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-phenyl propyl]phenyl phosphonate (N-0164) was studied in the isolated guinea-pig heart. Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin (PG)E2 (0.01--1 micrograms) and prostacyclin (0.01--10 micrograms), administered by bolus injection, caused dose-dependent increases in coronary flow rate, whereas PGD2, PGF2 alpha and the stable PG enderoperoxide analog U46619 (0.01--100 micrograms) caused dose-dependent decreases in coronary flow rate. Over the dose range studied, PGE2, arachidonic acid, prostacyclin and PGF2 alpha increased the sinus rate and PGD2 decreased the sinus rate, whereas U46619 had no consistent effect. Arachidonic acid, PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and U46619 produced a decrease in ventricular contractile force, whereas PGE2 had no effect and prostacyclin produced a modest increase in ventricular contractile force. N-0164 (10 ng and 100 ng/ml) selectively antagonized the coronary vasoconstrictor effects of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha. N-0164, at higher concentrations (1 micrograms/ml), antagonized the coronary vasodilator actions of PGE2; however, it did not modify the coronary vasodilator action of prostacyclin. N-0164 (10--100 ng/ml) also antagonized as a function of its concentration sinus rate changes produced by either PGD2 or PGF2 alpha, whereas at higher concentrations (1 microgram/ml), rather than antagonizing it potentiated sinus rate increases produced by either PGE2 or prostacyclin. These results suggest that the cardiac actions of prostaglandins are complex and are not readily elucidated by the use of the prostaglandin antagonist, N-0164. PMID- 6993661 TI - Biomedical engineering and materials for orthopaedic implants. PMID- 6993662 TI - Cytokine production in vitro by lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells and partial purification of a bone-resorbing factor. PMID- 6993663 TI - The requirement for T lymphocyte-specific suppressor factors and corresponding antigen in the production of nonspecific suppressor monokines by macrophages. PMID- 6993664 TI - Modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with yeast glucan and methyl palmitate to alter the activity of the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 6993666 TI - Crossover comparison of benoxaprofen and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - This multicenter double-blind clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen and naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The studies followed a crossover design which provided 6 wk therapy with each of the 2 study drugs. Benoxaprofen at a single daily dose of 600 mg compared favorably to naproxen, 750 mg, administered in 2 equally divided doses. All efficacy results indicated slightly more improvement with benoxaprofen although the difference between the 2 drugs was not significant. Side effects were generally mild and only 1 patient discontinued benoxaprofen therapy because of a reactivation of a duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6993665 TI - Long-term safety of benoxaprofen. AB - Adverse experiences were monitored in 1,681 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis to evaluate the safety of benoxaprofen at daily doses up to 1,000 mg during long-term therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects with benoxaprofen compared favorably to those reported during aspirin and ibuprofen therapy, with peptic ulcers reported in 0.4% of the patients or 1 ulcer for 200 patient years. The incidence of photosensitivity or onycholysis was 9%. Laboratory examinations revealed no significant changes in BUN, hematocrit, hemoglobin, SGOT, and SGPT values. The only trend toward abnormal values was seen in the LDH in patients with RA. PMID- 6993667 TI - Crossover comparison of benoxaprofen and naproxen in osteoarthritis. AB - A total of 30 patients participated in a double-blind crossover trial to compare the efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen with naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Benoxaprofen, 600 mg administered once daily, was as effective as naproxen, 250 mg administered twice daily. Adverse reactions were mostly mild to moderate in severity and the incidence of the reactions was similar for the 2 study drugs. The advantage of the once-a-day dose regimen of benoxaprofen is discussed. PMID- 6993668 TI - Benoxaprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis--a comparison with ibuprofen. AB - A double-blind within-patient crossover trial compared the new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent benoxaprofen with ibuprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis in 31 patients. Both benoxaprofen (600 mg once daily) and ibuprofen (400 mg qid) improved measurements of pain, stiffness, range of movement, mobility, patient preference, and overall assessment. However, the improvement was statistically significant only for pain at rest and range of knee movement for both drugs and for range of hip movement (N = 8) for ibuprofen. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments with the 2 drugs. Six patients taking benoxaprofen reported skin irritation on exposure to sunlight. PMID- 6993669 TI - A comparative study of benoxaprofen and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis in general practice. AB - A total of 120 general practice patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip received either benoxaprofen 600 mg mane or ibuprofen 400 mg tid for 4 months in a double-blind, parallel trial. No patients withdrew because of lack of efficacy. Statistically significant differences in favor of benoxaprofen were found for knee flexion and pain relief. A small number of patients withdrew because of gastrointestinal reactions (7 taking benoxaprofen and 6 taking ibuprofen). Skin reactions were commoner with benoxaprofen, which provoked sun sensitivity in 5 patients, none of whom withdrew. Significantly more patients on benoxaprofen (67%) wished to continue therapy than those on ibuprofen (32%). PMID- 6993671 TI - Gastrointestinal microbleeding: comparisons between benoxaprofen and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. AB - Unlike other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, benoxaprofen has only minor antiprostaglandin synthetase activity. This property may explain the lack of gastric irritation seen in animal studies. To evaluate gastric irritation in man, benoxaprofen was compared with aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, sulindac, and indomethacin by measuring fecal blood loss with chromium-51 tagged red blood cells in randomized double-blind crossover and parallel studies. Benoxaprofen produced significantly less blood loss than aspirin, naproxen, or indomethacin, and less blood loss than ibuprofen or sulindac. Benoxaprofen also caused the fewest gastrointestinal complaints. PMID- 6993670 TI - A comparative study of benoxaprofen and indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Benoxaprofen (600 mg once daily) has been compared to indomethacin (25 mg 3 times daily) in a double-blind crossover study of 20 patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The clinical improvement was comparable with both drugs; 6 patients preferred benoxaprofen and 7 patients indomethacin. Although 2 patients discontinued benoxaprofen because of lack of effect, no upper gastrointestinal side effects were reported with this drug. Benoxaprofen is an alternative to indomethacin in the treatment of AS. PMID- 6993672 TI - Benoxaprofen--dose-range studies using quantitative thermography. AB - Fifty-four hospitalized patients with rheumatoid arthritis participated in a dose range study comparing benoxaprofen with placebo and in a further study comparing benoxaprofen with indomethacin. Assessments were made after a "washout period" weekly for 3 wk. There was clinical improvement with time in both the placebo and active drug groups which was attributable to bed rest and hospitalization. Assessments of pain, function, and analgesic consumption showed that benoxaprofen had analgesic activity at all dose levels. Computerized thermography showed that, at a dosage of 600 mg daily, benoxaprofen had a significant antiinflammatory effect; this observation was confirmed by the comparison with indomethacin. No side effects were noted in patients taking benoxaprofen. PMID- 6993673 TI - Dose-range studies of benoxaprofen compared with placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug benoxaprofen was compared with placebo in separate double-blind crossover studies in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis given 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg a day. Benoxaprofen was significantly better than placebo at all doses studied. The 800 mg dose was the most effective but there were slightly more gastrointestinal side effects with this dose. The 600 mg dose was more effective than the 400 mg dose with an acceptably low incidence of side effects at both these doses. For most patients, 600 mg once daily will probably be the usual dose of the drug, but some will need the higher dose to 800 mg, while the condition of others may be satisfactorily controlled with just 400 mg daily. PMID- 6993674 TI - Benoxaprofen administered once a day: determination of optimum dosage schedule. AB - Six centers participated in a double-blind crossover study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis to evaluate the most advantageous timing of the daily dose of benoxaprofen. The study results revealed no significant difference between the morning and evening dose administered at a daily dose of 600 mg; however, more patients with RA preferred the evening dose. PMID- 6993676 TI - Long-term efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen: comparison with aspirin and ibuprofen in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Benoxaprofen, 400 to 600 mg daily, was compared to aspirin, 4,000 to 6,000 mg daily, or ibuprofen, 1,600 to 2,400 mg daily, in 2 multicolor clinical trials. The study design was double-blind and provided 28 wk of active drug therapy. Statistical analysis of the results showed benoxaprofen to be at least as effective as the 2 control drugs. More patients taking ibuprofen or aspirin discontinued therapy than patients taking benoxaprofen. Side effects occurred more frequently and lasted longer in patients who took aspirin during the study. Clinical laboratory examinations supported the long-term safety of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6993677 TI - Long-term treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis with benoxaprofen. Double-blind comparison with aspirin and ibuprofen. AB - Benoxaprofen was compared to aspirin or to ibuprofen in 2 28-wk multiclinic double-blind trials in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knees or hips. The design of the study permitted such comparison even though aspirin and ibuprofen were given in divided doses and benoxaprofen in a single dose. The comparison of benoxaprofen with aspirin included 140 patients and that with ibuprofen 143 patients. All 3 medications caused improvement in every measure of joint disease after 1 wk of therapy and improvement was either increased or maintained for the duration of treatment. PMID- 6993678 TI - But mostly for your love [Mary Baker]. PMID- 6993675 TI - Benoxaprofen: once a day vs twice a day in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. AB - This multicenter clinical trial was conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in an effort to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen when taken as a single 600 mg dose in the evening or when taken in 2 300 mg doses. The results of the double-blind crossover studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the qd and bid dose and revealed no significant difference between the 2 dose regimens. They also showed the once-daily dose, a dose that is more convenient and easier to comply with, to be as effective as the twice-daily dose. PMID- 6993679 TI - Occupational stress: implications for vocational rehabilitation counseling. PMID- 6993680 TI - Biological significance and therapeutic potential of prostacyclin. PMID- 6993682 TI - Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships derived on antibacterial sulfonamides in rats and its comparison to quantitative structure-activity relationships. AB - Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships have been derived for a series of substituted 2-sulfapyridines. Pharmacokinetic parameters, such as elimination rate constant (ke), clearance (Cl), and protein-binding constant (Kassoc), have been determined in rats. The observed variation is statistically significant, explained by changes in the lipophilic (deltaRm), electronic (pKa), and steric effects (I, ES) of the substituents. The obtained correlations are discussed with respect to the previously derived correlations for the antibacterial activity of these compounds. A scale up of the results opens up the possibility of a rational synthesis of highly active sulfonamides with special pharmacokinetic properties because lipophilicity influences strongly the pharmacokinetic properties, whereas no influence on the degree of antibacterial effect is observed. Steric substituent influence is opposite on specific binding to bacterial enzymes and unspecific binding to serum proteins. PMID- 6993681 TI - Structure-activity analyzed by pattern recognition: the asymmetric case. AB - In classification studies in which pattern-recognition methods are used to distinguish active compounds from inactive ones, a type of data structure which we call "asymmetric" can be observed. This type of data structure can be quite common and its occurrence can have a profound effect on the classification analysis outcome. The origin of asymmetric data structure and a strategy or obtaining meaningful classification results when it is observed are discussed and illustrated with an example of active and inactive antimalarial quinones. PMID- 6993683 TI - N-(alpha-Hydroxyalkanoyl) derivatives of Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 as inhibitors of renin. AB - The following N-(alpha-hydroxylakanoyl) derivatives of Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit human amniotic renin: D- and L-alpha-hydroxyisocaproyl-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3, D- and L-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-Leu Val-Phe-OCH3, L-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3, and D- and L-alpha hydroxyphenylacetyl-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3. Analysis of the compounds through the use of Dixion plots showed all of the compounds to be competitive inhibitors of renin. All but D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 were found to be more active than the known tetrapeptide inhibitor Leu-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 (1). The two most active compounds of the series were L-alpha-hydroxyisocaproyl-Leu-Val-Phe OCH3 (Ki = 0.23 mM) and L-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 (Ki = 0.3 mM). PMID- 6993684 TI - Legionnaires' disease: a two-year experience. PMID- 6993685 TI - Direct current electrical stimulation of bone growth: review and current status. PMID- 6993686 TI - Health choices in the eighties. PMID- 6993687 TI - Improved handling of structural fragile cell-biological specimens during electron microscopic preparation by the exchange method. AB - An exact method of preparation of soft biological specimens for electron microscopic analysis of surface fine structures is described. It allows routine preparations of fragile specimens for SEM and TEM imaging modes. With this procedure physical preparation parameters such as mechanical loads on the specimen surface or changes of temperature are controlled. The wet specimens are premounted in cheap disposable BEEM-containers or glass boats and are constantly kept under liquid in a closed system. The exchange of preparation media is performed continuously and, if necessary, over gradients. For comparative investigations with different EM-modes, at each step of the procedure parts of the specimens may be removed for individual processing. Conventionally prepared critical-point dried specimens are compared to those processed by the exchange technique and preservation of surface fine structures is demonstrated. Shadow casted clathrin cages and stereo-replicas of virus infected cell cultures are shown in TEM preparations. For SEM, coverslip cell cultures and isolated glomerulus basement membranes are prepared and an additional flat embedding for TEM ultrathin sections is demonstrated. PMID- 6993688 TI - The construction of a closed-chambered incubator for use in such techniques as enzyme and immunoperoxidase histochemistry. AB - Many histochemical procedures, in an attempt to be as variable-free as possible, often require such a quantity of incubation solution that there is a resulting waste of expensive chemical substrates, coupling salts, antigens, etc. More economic procedures are justifiably ignored in histochemical studies because of their uncontrollable variables. However, the variables associated with one such economic procedure (the drop method) can now be eliminated by utilizing the closed-chambered incubator described in this paper. Slides containing tissue sections incubated in this apparatus need only 1 ml of incubation medium per slide to achieve a similar reaction product as tissue sections emersed in Coplin jars of medium. This incubator incorporates a water-bath circulator to heat and circulate water below a shelf containing the tissue sections. Within 0.5 h, the entire incubating chamber is saturated with a 310 K water vapour. The water vapour eliminates the primary variable of the drop method incubation, evaporation of the medium. This paper describes the construction of the incubator, its evaluation, the savings obtained from one simple histochemical procedure and its applicability in enzyme and the immunoperoxidase histochemical techniques. PMID- 6993689 TI - Phosphorus standards for the electron probe X-ray microanalysis of ultrathin tissue sections. AB - Phosphorus-containing standards for use during quantitative electron probe X-rays microanalysis of ultrathin tissue sections can be quickly and simply prepared using organo-phosphorus compounds which are soluble in Spurr's epoxy resin mixture. Trials of five such compounds (one solid, the rest liquid) are described. PMID- 6993691 TI - Hidradenitis suppurativa: review of the literature and management of the axillary lesion. AB - Hidradenitis suppurativa is a suppurative inflammatory disease of the apocrine sweat glands. It affects the apocrine gland bearing regions, the axillae being the most common site. It causes considerable morbidity and has several complications. The etiology is unknown and there is no standard method of treatment. A comprehensive review of the literature is presented demonstrating a paucity of information about this disease. The authors' experience and the management of the axillary lesion is outlined. Radical excision of the apocrine gland bearing area with split thickness skin graft (STSG) after one week is the method of choice. A reinforced sling is used for arm immobilization after grafting. The predictability of this technique makes it the preferred method of treatment. Also, more effort is urged towards better understanding of this neglected but serious health problem. PMID- 6993692 TI - Jackson heads Meharry's Department of Pediatrics. PMID- 6993690 TI - The use of women in the advertising of distilled spirits 1956 - 1979. PMID- 6993693 TI - A doctor's legacy: Dr. John E. T. Camper and the MeDeSo. PMID- 6993694 TI - Anderson Ruffin Abbott, MD, 1837--1913. PMID- 6993695 TI - Identification of cocarcinogens and promoters in industrial discharges into and in the Illinois River. AB - Organic compounds were isolated from grab or composite samples of industrial and municipal discharges and of the Illinois River by liquid-liquid extraction or adsorption on activated carbon or XAD-2 resin columns. Of the 213 different compounds identified and semiquantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 16 samples, 74 were long-chain hydrocarbons or their derivatives. Although their toxicological significance in the environment at the levels found is unknown, the widespread presence of these cocarcinogens and promoters (often found in conjunction with known initiators) may make them significant environmental toxicants. Some evidence for this is the fact that serial dilutions of the extracts were highly toxic to Salmonella typhimurium in the Ames assay, while weak mutagenicity was occasionally detected. PMID- 6993696 TI - The use of microvascular free skin-muscle flaps in management of avulsion injuries of the lower leg. AB - The authors used microvascular free skin-muscle flaps to cover avulsion wounds in the lower leg of ten patients. There were three children and seven adults, ranging in age from 5 to 54 years. Vessels supplying gracilis (four) and tensor fascia lata (six) skin-muscle units were anastomosed to the anterior tibial (nine) and posterior tibial (one) vessels. The tensor fascia lata unit has a more constant anatomy and is preferred. Principles of management include: 1) early adequate, but conservative, debridement; 2) continuous bony stabilization; 3) preoperative arteriography; 4) anticoagulation; 5) recipient vessel identification in healthy uninjured tissue; 6) appropriate timing; 7) delayed bone grafting. PMID- 6993697 TI - Microvascular free groin flap for soft-tissue coverage of the extremities. AB - Six cases of microvascular free flap, composite tissue transfer are presented. The advantages of utilizing this modality of tissue coverage are that it is a direct one-stage procedure which, in experienced hands and using a two-team approach, can solve complex reconstructive problems with a minimal hospital stay and minimal morbidity. PMID- 6993698 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6993699 TI - Anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6993700 TI - Proteinuria during long-term captopril therapy. AB - Proteinuria developed in six of 81 hypertensive patients given captopril for at least four months (protein excretion, greater than 200 mg/24 hr). Two had previously elevated protein excretion. In all patients the increased protein excretion occurred by the fourth month of treatment. It subsided in four after two to nine months, despite continued therapy. In two of the four, proteinuria cleared completely within seven months after onset, while in the other two it subsided to the range of 600 mg/24 hr. However, in the remaining two patients proteinuria persisted during captopril therapy and was associated with hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Renal biopsy specimens showed mild membranous nephropathy in two patients, one of whom had a remittance of proteinuria during continued captopril treatment. PMID- 6993701 TI - Interstitial nephritis caused by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 6993702 TI - Engelbert Kaempfer. PMID- 6993703 TI - National Cancer Institute begins laetril clinical trial. PMID- 6993704 TI - The kidney deficit: a lingering problem. PMID- 6993705 TI - Preloaded insulin syringes for unreliable diabetics. PMID- 6993706 TI - Single-dose amoxicillin therapy for urinary tract infection. Multicenter trial using antibody-coated bacteria localization technique. AB - Urine specimens from 134 women with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection at three medical centers were examined by the antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) assay. Patients with negative assays (suggesting bladder infection alone) were randomized to receive either a single 3-g oral dose of amoxicillin trihydrate or conventional ten-day courses of sulfa-methoxazole-trimethoprim or oral ampicillin sodium. Comparable results were obtained with the three regimens for ACG-negative infection: 90% eradication of the original organism with single-dose amoxicillin, 100% with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and 96% with ampicillin. The overall incidence of ACB positivity was 32.1%, ranging from 8% to 63% at the three institutions. This difference seemed to be related to the ease of access to medical care: women with easy access having low rates of ACB positivity and those with poor access having high rates. PMID- 6993707 TI - Rapid serum lidocaine determination in the coronary care unit. AB - Eighty-four serum lidocaine determinations were made in 33 hospitalized patients with the use of a rapid enzyme innumoassay technique. Prediction of lidocaine concentration within broad categories based on clinical assessment alone was compared with actual measurements. When serum concentrations were not considered, most episodes of lidocaine toxic reactions were obscured by associated complex clinical problems. The rapid lidocaine enzyme immunoassay is a useful tool for assisting in the detection of lidocaine toxic reactions in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6993708 TI - Oxford revisited. PMID- 6993709 TI - Peripheral source of MB band of creatine kinase in alcoholic rhabdomyolysis. Nonspecificity of MB isoenzyme for myocardial injury in undiluted serum samples. AB - The MG isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK MB) was strongly positive in the serum of a patient with alcoholic rhabdomyolysis, and it remained detectable by a standard qualitative assay over a two-year period without clinical or laboratory evidence of myocardial disease. MB isoenzyme was also demonstrated in a homogenate of skeletal muscle. Isoenzyme determinations in serum and tissue were repeated after dilution of toal CK activity to the range optimal for the assay (300 IU/L). Such dilution before isoenzyme separation rendered these samples negative for CK MB. The MB isoenzyme may be detectable in serum from peripheral sources in the presence of high total CK concentrations. PMID- 6993710 TI - Laboratory testing--routine or on demand? PMID- 6993711 TI - Does breast milk unleash gonadotropins? PMID- 6993712 TI - Women currently reap main benefits of LH-RH research. PMID- 6993713 TI - Howard W. 'Pete' Doan, MD, military, civilian leader, dies. PMID- 6993714 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6993715 TI - Aspirin and recurrent myocardial infarction. PMID- 6993718 TI - Factors affecting molecular weight conversion of renin. AB - Our recent findings on molecular weight conversion in the case of renin are summarized and reviewed herein. The molecular weight of renin extracted from isolated renin granules from dogs and rats is approximately 40,000. This renin reacts with a constituent of kidney extract to form a high molecular weight renin of approximately 60,000. This constituent was termed a renin binding substance. This substance is probably contained in the cytosol of kidney cortex, and its characteristics are (1) heat instability, (2) non-dialyzability, (3) loss of binding ability by acidification at pH 3.0 and (4) apparent molecular weight is over 47,000. The binding reaction is mediated in two different ways; thiol oxidation with sodium tetrathionate and exposure of the reaction mixture at 0 degrees C for several days without thiol oxidation. PMID- 6993717 TI - False-positive VDRL and FTA in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6993719 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E2 and I2, arachidonic acid and indomethacin on vascular reactivity to norepinephrine in the rat. PMID- 6993716 TI - Oral contraceptives and physiological variables. AB - Physiological variables were compared among women who had never used oral contraceptives, past users, and current users. Randomly selected subjects were aged 30 to 59 years. Blood was sampled for determination of blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, and plasma insulin concentration. Summed postchallenge glucose and insulin values were used in analyses to represent the magnitude of response. Contours of glucose and insulin curves were represented by single numerical variables termed "G-CON" and "I-CON." Current users of oral contraceptives had significantly higher values of G-CON, I-CON, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure than women who never used oral comtraceptives. Current users also had significantly higher levels of summed glucose, G-CON, and I-CON than former users. Use of currently prescribed oral contraceptives is associated with adverse physiological changes that are reversible after discontinuing such use. PMID- 6993720 TI - Studies on sympathetic nerve, renin-angiotensin and renal kallikrein-kinin systems, and water-sodium balance in essential hypertension. PMID- 6993721 TI - Implication of endogenous prostaglandin system in the antihypertensive effect of captopril, SQ 14225, in low renin hypertension. AB - The role of endogenous prostaglandins in the antihypertensive mechanism of orally active angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in low renin hypertension was investigated. In the SQ 14225-responders with low renin hypertension, blood pressure was elevated to control level and antihypertensive effect of SQ 14225 was attenuated after the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin, while no significant change in blood pressure was found in the SQ 14225-responders with normal renin hypertension. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was not significantly increased after the SQ 14225 administration but significantly decreased after the administration of indomethacin. There was no significant difference in urinary prostaglandin E excretion between normal renin hypertension and low renin hypertension. These results suggest that SQ 14225 may potentiate extrarenal vasodilating prostaglandin system, probably vascular prostaglandin system, contributing to the antihypertensive mechanism in SQ 14225 responders with low renin hypertension. The augmented renin release following SQ 14225 administration was inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandin system may contribute to the negative short feedback mechanism of renin release. PMID- 6993723 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome and lesions of the pancreas]. PMID- 6993722 TI - [Secretory mechanism of pancreatic polypeptide]. PMID- 6993724 TI - [Artificial pancreas]. PMID- 6993725 TI - [Regulatory mechanism of blood glucose]. PMID- 6993726 TI - [Studies of the pancreas--historical survey]. PMID- 6993727 TI - [Pancreatic Function Diagnostant (PFD): a pancreatic exocrine function test with synthetic peptide, BT-PABA]. PMID- 6993728 TI - [Malaria: factors affecting the prognosis of falciparum malaria]. PMID- 6993729 TI - [Management of congestive heart failure (2). Diuretic administration and vasodilator therapy of cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema (cardiac load reduction) with special reference to SQ 14225 (captopril)]. PMID- 6993731 TI - [Biosynthesis, secretion and metabolism of thyroid gland hormones]. PMID- 6993730 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with excessive secretion of insulin and aberrations of glucose and lipid metabolism--a case report with the comparative examination of pre- and post-operative data]. PMID- 6993733 TI - [Thyrotoxic periodic quadriplegia, a disease related to Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6993732 TI - [Thyroid gland dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, with special reference to abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism]. PMID- 6993734 TI - [Congenital defects in hormone synthesis]. PMID- 6993735 TI - [T-cell type leukemic reticulosarcoma--a case report]. PMID- 6993736 TI - [Methods for determination of anticonvulsants in serum. The comparison of enzyme immunoassay with high-performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993737 TI - [Stereotaxic computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993738 TI - [Senescence and life science--aging studied in terms of a control theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993739 TI - [Two case reports of bone graft which demonstrated by bone scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993740 TI - [Urinary tract infection in children. Asymptomatic bacteriuria of schoolchildren in Chiba City and urinary tract infection in outpatient children of Department of Urology, Chiba University (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993741 TI - Jerome Cornfield, 1912-1979. PMID- 6993742 TI - Leukemia in women following radiotherapy for cervical cancer: ten-year follow-up of an international study. AB - An international collaborative study of 31,219 women treated for cervical cancer from 30 radiotherapy centers in nine countries was conducted. Patients were followed clinically and with blood studies between 1960 and 1970, and 148,000 woman-years (WY) were accumulated. Among 28,490 women treated with either intercavitary radium, external radiation, or both, 134,000 WY were accumulated and 13 cases of leukemia were observed. On the basis of general population rates, 15.5 cases were expected [relative risk (RR) = 0.8; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.4-1.4]. A twofold risk could thus be excluded, but a 1.4-fold risk remained possible. In absolute terms, risks larger than 0.1 leukemia cases per 10(6) WY rad could be excluded. Among 2,729 cervical cancer patients not irradiated but similarly evaluated, 14,000 WY were accumulated and 2 cases of leukemia were observed as compared with 1.0 expected. In the interval 4-8 years after exposure, the period in which any leukemogenic effect might be most apparent, 7 cases of leukemia were observed among exposed patients as compared with 5.4 expected (RR - 1.3; 95% CL = 0.5-2.7). The absence of an increased leukemia risk suggested that the radiation regimens used to treat cervical cancer are not so effective in inducing leukemia as are other radiation exposures that have been studied. PMID- 6993743 TI - Carcinogenicity of tannin and tannin-free extracts of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in rats. AB - F344 inbred and Sprague-Dawley noninbred rats were fed a basic diet (groups 1 and 7) or a basic diet supplemented with 0.1% (later, 0.2 and 0.4%) tannin (group 2) isolated from bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) (BF), 33% BF (groups 3 and 6), 2% chloroform fraction of BF (group 4), or 4% tannin-free fraction of BF (group 5). The following incidences of intestinal or bladder tumors were observed: group 1, intestinal and bladder, 0/16; group 2, 0/21; group 7, 0/16; groups 4 and 5, intestinal, 7/15, bladder, 0/15; group 3, intestinal, 19/20, bladder, 12/20; and group 6, intestinal, 22/30, bladder, 15/30. The chloroform-methanol fraction prepared from urine of rats fed BF, chloroform fraction of BF, or tannin-free fraction of BF demonstrated mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 but not for TA 98. No mutagenicity was detected in other prepared fractions. F344 rats in group 8 received weekly sc injections of tannin solution (0.1 g/kg body wt) for 38 weeks, and 16/20 developed palpable tumors that were malignant fibrous histiocytomas at the injection site. No tumor was present in any rat of control group 9. PMID- 6993744 TI - Subpopulations of normal and leukemic human thymocytes: an analysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Combinations of antibodies to membrane antigens and to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were used to study human thymocyte and bone marrow subpopulations and leukemia cells. Cortical thymocytes were TdT+ and expressed T cell antigens (HuTLA+), a thymocyte-specific antigen (HTA-1+), and a leukocyte antigen (HLe-l++) but lacked detectable HLA-A,B,C and la (HLA-D) antigens. In contrast, medullary thymocytes were TdT-, HuTLA+, HTA-1-, HLe-l++. A small subpopulation of larger, probably immature, thymocytes were strongly TdT+, HuTLA+, la-, HTA-1-, HLe-l +/-. Many blast cells from cases of thymic acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Thy-ALL) showed the phenotype of this small subset, and only a proportion of Thy-ALL blast cells exhibited HTA-1 and HLe-l antigens as strongly as was observed on normal cortical thymocytes. In contrast, TdT+ cells observed in normal juvenile bone marrow were HuTLA, HTA-1-, HLA+, la+. This phenotype corresponded to the phenotype of the common form of ALL (non-T, non-B) and indicated that further studies are necessary to analyze the differentiation of bone marrow precursors to thymic cells. PMID- 6993745 TI - [The demonstration of tubercle bacilli within alveolar macrophages in ultra-thin sections of infected mouse lungs by electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993746 TI - [Is the combination of INH and RFP always bactericidal? An observation in programme condition--report of the B series of 20th Controlled Trial of Chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993747 TI - [Premature atrial depolarization and its significance in the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6993748 TI - [2 cases of removal of endocavitary electrode by means of cardiotomy without use of extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6993749 TI - [Assisted circulation by the counterpulsation method - achievements and perspectives]. PMID- 6993750 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of muscular subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6993751 TI - [Evgenii Mikhailovich Tareev (on his 85th birthday)]. PMID- 6993752 TI - [Immunological diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. AB - The presence of the lymphocyte migration inhibition factor consequent upon sensitization of the organism to the antigen of denaturalized protein of the heart muscle was studied in 72 patients with myocardial infarction and in 40 healthy individuals. It was established that the migration inhibition factor appears in the blood 6 hours after the occurrence of myocardial infarction. The migration index is 52 +/- 2% in such patients and no less than 90% in the controls. PMID- 6993753 TI - [Place of multivariate statistics in clinical physiological research]. AB - On the basis of their own experience of many years in the use of mathematical methods in medicine the authors provide a critical analysis of the results of using computers in making the diagnosis and the main reasons for dissatisfaction with the results. Regarding clinico-physiological studies as a field for the application of modern mathematical statistics, they suggest a logical scheme which they had tested time and again for statistical analysis of the data by multidimensional methods (particularly with the use of the method of principal components, cluster analysis, latent analysis, lambda-moments, etc.) and also some methodological devices which permit keeping the data at hand throughout the entire analysis, resorting time and again to all possibilities for their complete and exhaustive description. The position of the authors in principle consists in the fact that success can only be achieved by constant joint work of the medical specialist and mathematician, beginning with the first stage of formulating both the medical and statistical tasks on condition that the clinico-physiological essence of the problem is comprehended by the mathematician. PMID- 6993754 TI - [Mathematical methods in clinical cardiology]. AB - The use of mathematical methods along four interconnected directions in clinical cardiology is analysed: prognosis and diagnosis, elaboration of most accurate clinical concepts and classifications, rules of management of the patient, information-research systems. PMID- 6993755 TI - [Vascular reactivity and hypertension]. PMID- 6993756 TI - [Clinical aspect of patient rehabilitation after the surgical correction of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6993757 TI - [Most important monographs and collections of scientific transactions on cardiology]. PMID- 6993758 TI - [Pressing problems of the rehabilitation of patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6993759 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 drug combinations (strophanthin and potassium orotate, strophanthin and methyluracil) in circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6993760 TI - Intrarenal renin, angiotensin II, and plasma renin in rats with uranyl nitrate induced and glycerol-induced acute renal failure. PMID- 6993762 TI - [Use of the cryogenic method in clinical oncology]. PMID- 6993763 TI - [History of Soviet military field surgery]. PMID- 6993761 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetic metabolic defects]. PMID- 6993764 TI - [Creating a specialty for the treatment of burns in the Ukraine]. PMID- 6993765 TI - [Ivan Teodosovich Shevchenko (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6993767 TI - [Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6993768 TI - [Reverdin's contribution to the transplantation field and surgery]. PMID- 6993766 TI - [Vladimir Terent'evich Zaitsev (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 6993769 TI - [Urgent problems of liver resection]. PMID- 6993770 TI - [Treatment of pancreatic injuries]. PMID- 6993771 TI - [Current potentials of cryosurgery]. PMID- 6993772 TI - New placental and pregnancy proteins as possible markers in oncology. AB - A number of placental and pregnancy proteins has been detected by immunochemical methods in extracts from human term placentae. Several of these proteins already have been isolated and characterized and are now investigated for their usefulness as markers in oncology. Several of these proteins so long tested appear to be useful as markers in monitoring tumour patients, i.e. in the early detection of tumour recurrence or metastases and in the control of therapy. In addition, we hope that a combination of several of these new markers with already established tumour markers will enable to better diagnose tumours. Also will the use of solitary tissue proteins aid in the differential diagnosis of cancers. PMID- 6993773 TI - [Urokinase therapy of deep vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - 30 patients with deep vein thrombosis were treated with a combination of urokinase and heparin. Clinically relevant improvement was achieved in 2/3 of them with appr. 40,000 IU/h (1,000,000 IU/d) urokinase administered over a period of several days. This indicates that urokinase at this dosage offers a valuable alternative or supplementation to fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase. With the dosage employed, routine blood coagulation tests are only minimally affected, although a strong enhancement of fibrinolytic activity can be demonstrated by the euglobulin clot lysis time. Plasminogen depletion - as is usually observed with streptokinase therapy - does not occur. Urokinase is well tolerated and there is only a very moderate bleeding tendency. The cost per day of urokinase therapy at the dosage employed is approximately twice that of customary streptokinase therapy. PMID- 6993774 TI - Dose-response relationship for a positive inotropic effect of insulin on isolated papillary muscle. AB - Beneficial effect of glucose and insulin on the myocardium are still a matter of discussion. The influence of insulin on isometric force of contraction of right ventricular papillary muscles of guinea pigs was studied. The papillary muscles were mounted vertically in a 95% O2, 5% CO2 modified Krebs-Hensuleit solution (31.5 degrees C, 5.5 mM glucose) and stimulated l/s. A positive inotropic effect of insulin was dedectable at a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) IU/ml insulin, was half maximal (52% above controle force of contraction) at 8 x 10(-3) IU/ml and maximal at 10(-1) IU/ml. The maximal positive inotropic effect was observed 4.7 +/- 0.6 min after addition of insulin. After the maximum there was a decrease to a steady state level of 109.8 +/- 8.5% of control (p less than 0.05) in 14.6 +/- 1.3 min. Higher glucose (16.5 mM) only shifted the half maximal positive inotropic effect to 5.5 x 10(-3) IU/ml insulin (n.s.). Inhibition of glycolysis with hypoxia or jodoacetate (5 x 10(-5) M) did not prevent the positive inotropic effect as known as 75% of control force was retained. When glucose transport was blocked with phlorizin (5 x 10(-3) M) or phloritin (5 x 10(-4) M) no positive inotropic action of insulin was observed. Therefore we conclude that the positive inotropic effect of insulin in isolated papillary muscles is mediated by inhanced glucose transport. PMID- 6993775 TI - [On reproducibility of circadian rhythms in man (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of our own experimental data and those from the literature, the reproducibility of day-night variations in physiological functions--their 'circadian pattern'--is examined in five sections. They concern the problem of intra- and interindividual variability, demonstrated by the rhythm of deep body temperature, the dependence of the pattern on experimental conditions, and as further examples circadian rhythms in the endocrine system, in blood constituents, in blood pressure and in psychomotor performance. The survey is considered to contribute to the question of how important the circadian temporal structure may be in the search for reference values and hence in diagnosis. PMID- 6993777 TI - [Perforation of the interventricular septum following myocardial infarction. Indications and results of surgical management (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993778 TI - Evidence for a subgroup of essential hypertensives with non-suppressible excretion of aldosterone during sodium loading. PMID- 6993776 TI - [Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and enterocolitis (author's transl)]. AB - Many antibiotics, particularly the lincomycins, may cause diarrhoea with or without enterocolitis. The pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea without colitis is uncertain; colloidosmotic water binding in the colon by endogenous glycoproteins undegraded by colonic bacteria is considered. Antibiotic associated enterocolitis is now known to be due to toxin-producing clostridia, proven for Cl. difficile. Improved methods for the detection of toxin and clostridia are presently being studied. Endoscopically, pseudomembranes are characteristic but not antibiotic-specific, they may be absent or missed diagnostically. A possible role of asymptomatic clostridia-carriers in enterocolitis clustering remains to be determined. The potentially lethal course of the disease requires rapid diagnosis and therapy, with discontinuation of the antibiotic, intensive supportive measures and, at least in severe disease, oral vancomycin. PMID- 6993779 TI - Renin-hyporesponsiveness in essential hypertension. Dissociation between plasma renin and catecholamines or aldosterone following furosemide. PMID- 6993780 TI - Effects of standard oral glucose loading on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its relationship to circulating insulin. PMID- 6993781 TI - A new immunoenzyme tracer for immunohistology: peroxidase-labeled protein A. Its application for determination of antinuclear antibodies. AB - Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, a cell wall protein with high affinity binding properties for IgG-type antibodies, has been labeled with peroxidase to form a stable immunohistological tracer molecule of relatively low molecular weight. It has been used for demonstration and titration of antinuclear antibodies in SLE sera on mouse liver sections in an indirect technique. The findings were consistent with those obtained by immunofluorescence and by staining with peroxidase-coupled anti-IgG. In contrast to immunofluorescence, the stained sections could be mounted and stored for documentation. In comparison, unspecific tissue adsorption and staining could be minimized by addition of glucose, galactose, and mannose as well as bovine serum albumine to the buffer containing Protein A-peroxidase. PMID- 6993782 TI - Specific immunosuppression without genetic restriction on IgM PFC by primed spleen homogenate. PMID- 6993784 TI - Epidermal growth factor, renin, and peptidase in cultured tumor cells of submandibular gland origin. AB - Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was injected into the submandibular glands of male Swiss-Webster mice. From tumors obtained, three cell lines were established. Immunocytochemical stainings revealed epidermal growth factor, renin, and peptidase in a significant portion of cultured tumor cells. In addition, the presence of epidermal growth factor was demonstrated by radioimmunoassays. Since epidermal growth factor, renin, and peptidase are localized in the granular convoluted tubules in mouse submandibular gland, the data suggest that the granular convoluted tubule cells are the targets of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6993783 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the glomeruli and juxtaglomerular apparatus of rat kidneys during the course of experimental hypokinesia]. AB - In the hypokinetic study a certain correlation between variations in the means of the volume of cortical and juxtamedullary glomerules and the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus has been established. It is hypothesized that at early hypokinesia renal vascular changes are nonspecific. The phenomenon of renal excretion of fluids and electrolytes is explained in terms of a simultaneous increase in the reninangiotensin activity and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid content in plasma. PMID- 6993785 TI - Mesangial isolated C3 deposition in patients with recurrent or persistent hematuria. AB - We reviewed 222 renal biopsies performed on patients with nonurologic hematuria alone or hematuria and proteinuria. This review revealed 31 patients who presented minor glomerular abnormalities with granular mesangial C3 deposition without any immunoglobulin or other complement component deposits. These patients presented with gross hematuria in five cases, microscopic hematuria alone in 12 cases, and proteinuria and microscopic hematuria in 14 cases. Light microscopy disclosed a segmentally increased mesangial matrix, sometimes associated with a segmental and focal mesangial hypercellularity. Focal tubulointerstitial and arteriolar lesions occurred in seven cases. In all cases, immunofluorescence showed diffuse granular mesangial deposition of C3. However, the deposits were not observed along the glomerular and tubular basement membranes. We should point out the high frequency of arteriolar C3 deposits (27 of 31). They were either isolated or associated with IgM or other complement components. Using electron microscopy, an increase of mesangial matrix and/or a proliferation of mesangial cells was observed. In two cases, electron-dense deposits were present in the mesangium. Glomerular basement membranes were normal in all but five cases, where they appeared segmentally thickened. After a 3-year follow-up study the clinical features remained unchanged. PMID- 6993786 TI - Sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagen in experimental granulation tissue. AB - The sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagenous proteins was studied by immunofluorescence in experimental granulation tissue in the mouse. Granulation tissue was induced by subcutaneous implantation of viscous cellulose sponges into the neck. When sponges were invaded by granulation tissue, fibronectin appeared early together with the invading fibroblasts. Interstitial collagens, type III and type I, appeared 2 to 7 days later. When the collagen had matured into bundles, fibronectin diminished or disappeared. The results suggest that fibronectin functions as a primary matrix for organization of the collagenous connective tissue during the tissue repair process. PMID- 6993787 TI - Measles retinopathy. A hamster model of acute and chronic lesions. AB - Measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis strains of virus inoculated intracerebrally in suckling and weanling hamsters spread immediately to the eye via the blood. Virus replicates in the brain and eye in parallel, and in higher titers than it does in other organs. Acute retinal lesions consist of focal syncytia, inclusion-bearing cells, and necrosis. Immunofluorescence studies show measles-specific antigen in the affected cells. Ultrastructurally, measles nucleocapsids and virions are seen in the retinal cells. The necrosis is followed by a differential repair of the retinal layers that results in retinal dysplasia. Chronically, the retinal dysplasia progresses to atrophy and gliosis of the retina. The chronic lesions are histologically similar to those seen in human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and measles retinopathies. PMID- 6993788 TI - Altered localization of protamine-heparin complexes in aminonucleoside nephrosis. PMID- 6993789 TI - Chemical antroneurolysis with and without highly selective vagotomy. PMID- 6993790 TI - Influence of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment on protein turnover in the rat. PMID- 6993791 TI - Enzymatic assay of medroxyprogesterone acetate in plasma. PMID- 6993792 TI - Current literature. PMID- 6993793 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of carbamazepine in serum and saliva. PMID- 6993794 TI - Examination of dihydrotachysterol-induced progeria as a model for aging changes in carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Interest in the pharmacological effects of drugs in the elderly has created a need for a laboratory model in which responses of aged animals to drugs can be studied. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT)-induced progeria, a syndrome with symptoms similar to those seen in normal aging, was evaluated as an old age model. DHT treatment was shown to produce a decreased carbohydrate tolerance that was due to an impaired release of insulin from pancreatic islets and not due to a decreased sensitivity to insulin. These changes were unlike those observed with aging. Thus, DHT-induced progeria would not appear to be a good model for aging for the investigation of carbohydrate metabolism. Evidence is presented which indicates that glucose and tolbutamide act via different mechanism to stimulate insulin release. PMID- 6993796 TI - History of the Library of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland. PMID- 6993795 TI - A stereotaxic method of recording from single neurons in the intact in vivo eye of the cat. AB - A method is described for recording stereotaxically from single retinal neurons in the optically intact in vivo eye of the cat. The method is implemented with the help of a new type of stereotaxic instrument and a specially developed stereotaxic atlas of the cat's eye and retina. The instrument is extremely stable and facilitates intracellular recording from retinal neurons. The microelectrode can be rotated about two mutually perpendicular axes, which intersect in the freely positionable pivot point of the electrode manipulation system. When the pivot point is made to coincide with a small electrode-entrance hole in the sclera of the eye, a large retinal region can be reached through this fixed hole in the immobilized eye. The stereotaxic method makes it possible to choose a target point on the presented eye atlas and predict the settings of the instrument necessary to reach this target. This method also includes the prediction of the corresponding light stimulus position on a tangent screen and the calculation of the projection of the recording electrode on this screen. The sources of error in the method were studied experimentally and a numerical perturbation analysis was carried out to study the influence of each of the sources of error on the final result. The overall accuracy of the method is of the order of 5 degrees of visual angle, which will be sufficient for most purposes. PMID- 6993797 TI - History of the Med-Chi Library: the first decade. PMID- 6993799 TI - Current status of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid storm. PMID- 6993798 TI - Mental hygiene within the state health care delivery system: the Maryland perspective. PMID- 6993802 TI - [New contributions to the etiology of insulin dependent diabetes]. PMID- 6993801 TI - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema: study of serum complement and therapeutic trial with tranexamic acid (author's transl)]. AB - Three familial generations (five members with hereditary angioneurotic edema) have been evaluated under clinical and immunological standpoints. A therapeutic trial with tranexamic acid was carried out. The five members with hereditary angioneurotic edema showed: decreased values of total hemolytic activity (CH50), deficit of C4 (between 8 and 23 percent of the normal value), and normal levels of C3 and C9. C3PA was normal in four members and decreased in one. Asymptomatic familial members had normal serum complement levels; only three cases showed diminished values of CH50, C4, C-1-INH and C3PA. Therapeutic trial with tranexamic acid demonstrated the usefulness of this agent in the treatment of angioneurotic edema; it showed slighter adverse reactions than those derived from other therapeutic modalities. Screening of asymptomatic familial members is pointed out in order to detect low plasma values of C1-IHN. PMID- 6993803 TI - Antimicrobial agents in pulmonary infections. PMID- 6993800 TI - Alterations in prostaglandin synthesis during senescence of human lung fibroblasts. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by human embryo lung fibroblasts in culture was determined with increasing population doubling. These cultures synthesized PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2 (prostacyclin) and TXA2 (thromboxane A2) in response to fetal bovine serum or ascorbic acid. Changes in prostaglandin synthesis by these cells during aging were observed in response to serum or ascorbic acid. These included a shift from the synthesis of PGI2 and PGE2 to TXA2 and PGF2 alpha and finally to PGF2 alpha alone. We also observed a marked increase during aging in the release of precursor fatty acid from lipid stores upon stimulation with ascorbic acid. A parallel decrease in the ability to convert the released fatty acid to prostaglandins was detected. PMID- 6993804 TI - Gram-positive pneumonias. PMID- 6993805 TI - The aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonias. PMID- 6993806 TI - Aspiration pneumonia, anaerobic infections, and lung abscess. AB - Anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections are common in the setting of aspiration. Treatment is with penicillin or in mixed infections, penicillin and other appropriate antimicrobial agents. Four syndromes are commonly recognized. Simple pneumonitis resolves promptly with antibiotic therapy. If treatment is delayed, simple pneumonitis may evolve into a more fulminant process of necrotizing pneumonia with a significant mortality despite antibiotic therapy. Lung abscess, typically a subacute or chronic infection, responds well to antibiotic therapy so long as the cavity is drained via the communicating bronchus. Empyema requires surgical drainage by either closed or open thoracostomy if resolution is to be achieved. PMID- 6993807 TI - Legionellosis: Legionnaires' disease; Pontiac fever. PMID- 6993808 TI - Tuberculosis. PMID- 6993809 TI - Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculosis mycobacteria. PMID- 6993810 TI - Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. PMID- 6993811 TI - Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6993812 TI - Aspergillus lung disease. PMID- 6993813 TI - Atypical pneumonias. PMID- 6993815 TI - The radiographic evaluation of pulmonary infection. PMID- 6993814 TI - Pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 6993817 TI - [Occurrence and management of steptococcal epidemics in nurseries]. PMID- 6993816 TI - [Survey of the death causes in forest workers with and without exposure to phenoxyacid chemicals]. PMID- 6993818 TI - [Surgical management of inflammatory disease in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses (author's transl)]. AB - The opening microscope became very important in nasal sinus surgery, especially for operating procedures of the ethmoid sinus. For many authors nasal polyposis without putrid secretion is an indication not only for polypectomy, but for ethmoidectomy. Using the operating mikroscope frontal sinus surgery can be performed in a much more delicate way. The best cosmetic results are seen after osteoplastic opening of the frontal sinus. This technique can not be used if ostitis or osteomyelitis is present. There are several ways to treat mucosal changes in the frontal sinus. Its lumen may be drained as soon as there are no severe mucosal changes. In severe cases the mucosa must be removed and the sinus lumen should obliterate either spontaneously or after implantation of autologous material. - Endonasal surgery of the frontal and ethmoid sinus can be hazardous in unexperienced hands. PMID- 6993819 TI - [Discussion of different operative procedures in the management of maxillary sinusitis (author's transl)]. AB - The Caldwell-Luc operation and its modifications lead to p.o. trouble in about one third of the cases. P.o. trouble is partly caused by the inevitable damage to sensitive nerve fibers running below the mucoperiost unprotected by bone canals. The aim of the classical procedure consists in total removal of the thickened mucoperiost. As a rule this aim cannot be achieved, granulation tissue and later scar tissue will form in the denuded cavity which leads to partial or subtotal obliteration of the lumen. Embedded in the inflamed scar tissue remains isles of left behind mucosa which may lead in about one third of the cases to microscopically and/or macroscopically traceable cysts, muco- and pyoceles with chronic irritation and focus problems. Therefore the "radical-operation" should be reserved for special indications. In milder cases partial resection of the mucosa and endonasal techniques should be preferred. PMID- 6993821 TI - [Use of Waaler-Rose reaction on slides for detection of the rheumatoid factor in the synovial fluid]. PMID- 6993820 TI - Secondary intention healing as an adjunct to the reconstruction of mid-facial defects. AB - Facial skin cancer has a high incidence during later life. The majority of our patients had been previously treated by a number of different modalities. The recurrence of persistance of their cutaneous neoplasm was often quite extensive and thus required a rather large excision to eradicate the disease. Employment of a number of small operations under local anesthesia in which the patients could return to their home environment provided for a potential reduction in psychological and physical morbidity. The use of delayed healing often allowed reconstruction with a local flap or skin graft that if reconstructed primarily would have necessitated a more extensive operative procedure. Use of local flaps and/or skin grafts avoided excessive blood loss and long periods of immobilization associated with larger regional and distant flaps. Finally the denial of reconstructive surgery because of age should be condemned since fairly small operations in conjunction with delayed wound healing can provide acceptable cosmetic and functional results. PMID- 6993822 TI - [Pierre Macquet (1890-1980)]. PMID- 6993824 TI - The release of phospholipase A2 from aggregated platelets and stimulated macrophages of sheep. PMID- 6993823 TI - Precocious development of sympatho-adrenal function in rats whose mothers received methadone. PMID- 6993825 TI - Proline enhances mutagen formation in ground beef during frying. PMID- 6993826 TI - Plasma converting enzyme activity (C.E.A.): an index of plasma levels of captopril? PMID- 6993827 TI - Naloxone reduction of stress-related feeding. PMID- 6993828 TI - Composition of the lipids in human milk: a review. AB - Recent publications on the composition of human milk are reviewed. The importance of proper sampling is discussed. Fat contents of 2.6-4.5% and cholesterol amounts of 200-650 mg/100 g fat were reported. The phytosterols in milk were increased by the consumption of these sterols. Phytosterols could contribute to the "total cholesterol" in milk if analyses are done colorimetrically. The fatty acid composition is remarkably uniform unless bizarre diets are consumed; the amounts of linoleic acid vary the most. Phospholipids contained more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than triacylglycerols. PMID- 6993829 TI - [Radiocardiographic method for the multiple determination of cardiac minute volume]. PMID- 6993831 TI - [Assessment of the central circulation by radiocardiographic data]. PMID- 6993830 TI - [Insulin and C-peptide in the blood serum of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6993832 TI - [Circulating blood volume meter]. AB - The article describes the functional diagram, calibration principle and operation of a new instrument, ur1-7. This device measures the volume of blood circulating in the organism by the radioisotope dilution method. The measurement range is from 1 to 9.9 1, with error not exceeding +/- 5%. PMID- 6993833 TI - [Methods and equipment for processing x-ray films by x-ray television]. AB - A review of television methods used for processing the X-ray films shows that in the future the technique that combines television and roentgen will allow more precise diagnose in accordance to X-ray patterns on the basis of such processes as harmonization, subtraction, artificial colour painting to emphasize the details of the organs under study, and with application of automatic measurement of geometric parameters of the organ image. PMID- 6993834 TI - [Improvement of planning in branches of industry]. PMID- 6993835 TI - [Acute hypercalcemia as an oncological emergency. Pathogenesis, clinical aspects, therapy]. PMID- 6993836 TI - [Hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterinemia: independent risk factors?]. PMID- 6993837 TI - [Results of a multicenter study with Lipostabil]. PMID- 6993838 TI - [Problems in medical and legal expertise in the shock lung syndrome]. PMID- 6993839 TI - [The philosophical-philological element in the medical faculty. A contribution to the history of medicine, to form rather than to inform. III]. PMID- 6993841 TI - [Therapy of lymphedema]. PMID- 6993840 TI - [Changes in the transendothelial permeability as the origin of edema in chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 6993842 TI - [Raised immunoglobulin G levels and hypergammaglobulinemia in patients exposed to bird dust]. PMID- 6993843 TI - Tumor hypercalcemia and "ectopic hyperparathyroidism". AB - 1. All available evidence for and against the concept of ectopic hyperparathyroidism, including 307 case reports of tumor hypercalcemia, was collated. 2. Of 104 combined cases of tumors of the kidney, lung, liver, head, neck and esophagus, 91 (88%) were in men. 3. The parathyroid glands were examined in 170 of 307 cases and parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma were described in 34 cases. This high frequency may reflect higher likelihood of reporting such association. 4. Analysis of the histological pattern of tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia revealed a marked association with certain histological types in different organs, such as clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney and ovary, hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung, head, neck, esophagus, and urogenital tract. This histological correlation is not compatible with the "random derepression" hypothesis. 5. The existence of tumor humoral hypercalcemia is well documented, as 61 of 74 operated patients sustained remission of hypercalcemia following tumor removal. 6. The evidence for ectopic PTH being produced by tumor is not well documented and is based on conflicting radioimmunoassay results. We have found no case in the literature which fulfilled unequivocally criteria of ectopic production of biologically active PTH. There has been a lack of studies of tumors for the presence of biologically active hypercalcemic factors because only relatively insensitive bioassays are available at present. More information is also required on microscopic bone changes in tumor hypercalcemia as x-ray studies alone are inadequate. 7. On the basis of the present evidence, causes and mechanisms of tumor hypercalcemia are likely to be multiple. PMID- 6993844 TI - Isolation and characterization of Dam+ revertants and suppressor mutations that modify secondary phenotypes of dam-3 strains of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Bacteria mutant in the dam (DNA adenine methylation) gene and in either recA or recB or recC genes are inviable (Virm- phenotype). From crosses between dam-3 bacteria and recA1 or recB21 recC22 strains, Vrm+ recombinants were recovered. Among these recombinants, Dam+ revertants were present which did not show the phenotypes normally associated with dam-3 bacteria. Three classes of indirectly suppressed strains (dam-3 genotype) were also recovered which showed alterations in the secondary phenotypes normally associated with dam-3 bacteria. These strains contained a second unlinked mutation in either mutL or mutS or sin. In addition, mutation in either sbcA or sbcB supresses the Vrm- phenotype of dam-3 recB21 recC22 strains. PMID- 6993845 TI - Ribosomal precursor RNA metabolism and cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When shifted from 23 degrees C to 36 degrees C, cells of a non-temperature sensitive strain of yeast arrest transiently in G1 before continuation of the cell division cycle. When shifted to 36 degrees C, cells harboring a temperature sensitive rna mutation behave similarly. Others have shown that temperature shift transiently decreases the rates of production and processing of ribosomal precursor RNA (rpreRNA). Production of rpreRNA is soon restored to normal levels in these strains, but normal processing of these repreRNA transcripts is restored only in non-temperature-sensitive strains. Therefore these experiments serve to eliminate from cell cycle considerations the involvement of processing of rpreRNA, while maintaining the established correlation between cell cycle behavior and rpreRNA production. PMID- 6993847 TI - Neighbour and temperature effects on base-analogue-induced mutation in phage T4. AB - The effects of neighbouring base pairs and of temperature on mutation frequencies were measured at nonsense sites in the T4rII region. 2AP-induced AT leads to GC transition frequencies are insensitive to nearest-neighbour effects, while 5BU induced ones are promoted by GC neighbours on the 5' side. The effect of temperature on 2AP- and 5BU-induced mutation frequencies shows no simple dependence on nearest neighbours. These results are incompatible with a unitary mechanism as explanation for the effects of nearest neighbours and temperature on base-analogue-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 6993846 TI - A new class of mutations altering the response of the ribosome to streptomycin. AB - Mutants were isolated from high-level streptomycin dependent strains of Escherichia coli B, which do not spontaneously revert to antibiotic independence. In these mutants the requirement for streptomycin was much reduced, but not abolished. The relieving of the antibiotic dependence was caused by qui (for quasi-independent) mutations. These were analogous to the ramA (rpsD) mutations which relieve the streptomycin requirement of other classes of streptomycin dependent mutants, but strains harboring qui mutations exhibited novel streptomycin phenotypes in conjunction with all rpsL (strA) alleles. RamA mutations increase ribosomal misreading; qui mutations either did not significantly alter misreading, or else reduced it. PMID- 6993848 TI - Isolation of plasmids carrying the arginine repressor gene argR of Escherichia coli K12. AB - A plasmid carrying the arginine repressor gene (argR) of Escherichia coli was obtained out of the Clarke and Carbon colony bank which contains clones of individual ColE1 plasmids carrying fragments of the E. coli chromosome. A shortened derivative of this plasmid was isolated and analyzed by restriction mapping and by cloning fragments of it into plasmid pBR322. The argR gene was located on a 2 kb fragment. PMID- 6993849 TI - Autogenous regulation of the synthesis of ribosomal proteins, L10 and L7/12, in Escherichia coli. AB - The in vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins, L10 and L7/12, is specifically repressed by the addition of the L10-L7/12 complex, while that of other ribosomal proteins encoded by the neighboring operons is not affected. Thus the expression of the rpoBC operon is controlled by two autorepression systems, one for the two ribosomal proteins and the other for RNA polymerase beta and beta' subunits, both operating probably at the translational level. PMID- 6993850 TI - Hybrid plasmid carrying Escherichia coli genes for the primase (dnaG) and RNA polymerase sigma factor (rpoD); gene organization and control of their expression. PMID- 6993852 TI - Genetic information of the bacteriocinogenic plasmid Clo DF13 involved in the inhibition of the multiplication of double stranded DNA phages. AB - The presence of plasmid Clo DF13 in Escherichia coli cells alters the response of these cells to infection with the double stranded DNA phages P1vir, lambda vir or T1. The multiplication of these phages is reduced in Clo DF13 harbouring cells, resulting in an altered burstsize and plaque morphology. The degree of reduction is correlated to the amount of particular Clo DF13 gene product(s) in the cell. The genetic information of Clo DF13 involved in this plasmid-phage interaction could be located, using insertion and deletion mutants of Clo DF13, between 29 an 62% on the Clo DF13 physical map. The genetic analysis of this region shows that at least two different genes, K and L, coding for polypeptides with a molecular weight of respectively 21 KD and 10.5 KD, are located in this region. The results presented, indicate that gene L and not gene K is involved in the interaction of Clo DF13 with the propagation of double stranded DNA phages. PMID- 6993851 TI - Establishment of Escherichia coli cells with an integrated high copy number plasmid. PMID- 6993853 TI - A dnaB analog function specified by bacteriophage P7 and its comparison to the similar function specified by bacteriophage P1. AB - Evidence is presented that bacteriophage P7 specifies an analog of the E. coli DNA replication protein, dnaB. As in the related bacteriophage P1 (D'Ari et al., 1975; Ogawa, 1975), in lysogens of P7, the production of the analog protein is repressed and constitutive mutants could be isolated. Such constitutive mutants could suppress efficiently the thermosensitivity of several dnaB(ts) mutations and also rescue a strain carrying a dnaB amber mutation. While neither P7 nor the mutant P1bacban (defective in the structural gene ban) could suppress dnaB(ts) mutations efficiently, recombinants between these two phages could do so, indicating the presence of a functional dnaB analog gene (called sdb) on P7. In a dnaB amber strain suppressed by the presence of the constitutive mutant P7csb, bacteriophage lambda failed to replicate which is a further similarity between P7 and P1. P7csb mutants or P7-P1bacban recombinants were found to be less thermoresistant than P1bac1 suggesting that the P7-specified dnaB analog protein or its production is relatively less tolerant of temperatures above 37 degrees C. PMID- 6993854 TI - Role of surface exclusion genes in lethal zygosis in Escherichia coli K12 mating. PMID- 6993855 TI - Mutants which make more malT product, the activator of the maltose regulon in Escherichia coli. AB - Some of the previously described malT-lacZ fusion strains (Debarbouille and Schwartz, 1979) produce very low amounts of beta-galactosidase activity and hence grow poorly on lactose. Spontaneous mutants growing faster on lactose have been isolated. Some of the mutations map in, or close to, the promoter of the hybrid gene. They lead to an increased production of the hybrid proteins, which then become detectable on polyacrylamide gels. This effect is cis dominant. When the mutations, called malTq, are transduced into a malT+ background the resulting transductants express the three maltose operons in a partially constitutive way. The malTq mutations therefore represent a new type of constitutive mutation. Their existence provides further evidence for the previously proposed model of positive regulation in the maltose regulon. In addition they should facilitate the purification of the malT product, and the identification of the malT promoter on the DNA. PMID- 6993856 TI - Cytochrome b-deficiency in a mitochondrial muc1muc2 recombinant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6993857 TI - The effect of urea on catabolite sensitive operons in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - Low concentrations of urea specifically inhibit the expression of catabolite sensitive genes (the lactose, galactose and maltose operons and the tryptophanase gene). This inhibition depends upon growth conditions, i.e. carbon source and temperature. The main effect of urea is exerted at the level of transcription initiation. However an additional inhibitory effect is observed on the decay and expression of the beta-galactosidase messenger. In a strain harboring the UV5 mutation in the lactose promoter, the effect at the level of transcription is relieved while the effect on the decay and the expression of the beta galactosidase messenger remains the same. Just like the extreme physiological catabolite repression, the urea effect occurs even in a cya delta strain and is not antagonized by addition of adenosine 3'-5' cyclic monophosphate. PMID- 6993858 TI - An Escherichia coli mutant refractory to nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. AB - A newly-isolated Escherichia coli mutant suffers only about 10% as many mutations as normal strains on exposure to nitrosoguanidine. The responsible mutation, inm 1, maps at approximately minute 79 in the current E. coli genetic map. The mutant is normal for overall growth, nitrosoguanidine lethality, spontaneous mutagenesis, ultraviolet light lethality and mutagenesis, ethyl methanesulfonate lethality and mutagenesis, and the adaptive repair induced by alkylating agents. The existence of this mutation proves that nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis is not merely the result of reactions between the chemical and DNA, but requires specific cellular function(s), and underscores the peculiarity of nitrosoguanidine as a mutagen. PMID- 6993859 TI - Genetic and biochemical evidence for hexokinase PII as a key enzyme involved in carbon catabolite repression in yeast. AB - Mutants with reduced hexokinase activity previously isolated as resistant to carbon catabolite repression of invertase and maltase (Zimmermann and Scheel, 1977) were allele tested with mutant strains of Lobo and Maitra (1977) which had defects in one or several of the genes coding for glucokinase and the two unspecific hexokinases. It could be demonstrated, that the mutation abolishing carbon catabolite repression had occurred in a gene allelic to the structural gene of hexokinase PII. Moreover, the defective mutant allele for hexokinase PII isolated by Lobo and Maitra (1977) was also defective in carbon catabolite repression. Neither glucokinase nor hexokinase PI showed any effect on this regulatory system. Biochemical analysis in crude extracts also showed altered kinetic properties of hexokinases in the hex1 mutants. The results directly support the hypothesis previously put forward, that one of the hexokinases is not only active as a catalytic, but also as a regulatory protein. PMID- 6993860 TI - Characterization and cloning of plasmid like DNA of the ascomycete Podospora anserina. AB - The previously reported existence of plasmid-like (pl) DNA in senescent mycelia of Podospora anserina was confirmed using new methodology. Detailed anaysis of bulk DNA has further shown a possible relationship between pl DNA and mt DNA. According to biophysical and electron microscopic experiments the pl DNA was found to consist of oligomeres having a basic unit with a contour length of 0.75 micrometer corresponding to 2.4 kb. To overcome the handicap that pl DNA is only produced in rather small amounts in the aging mycelia, this DNA was cloned in E. coli after insertion into a bacterial plasmid vector, pBR 322. It was possible to isolate a stable hybrid plasmid consisting of the vector and only one integrated monomere of pl DNA. The composition of this hybrid plasmid was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and heteroduplex formation. A restriction map of the pl DNA is presented and its insertion site onto pBR 322 indicated. PMID- 6993861 TI - Improved mapping of the tyrS locus in Escherichia coli. AB - A tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutant of Escherichia coli was isolated and the tyrS gene assigned a map position between man and pdxH at 36.0 min on the chromosome. The tyrS mutant grew badly on broth as did previously described tyrS mutants. This sensitivity to broth was suppressed by tyrR mutations. F-prime factors were found to complement the tyrS mutation. PMID- 6993862 TI - A mutation suppressing the overproduction of RNA polymerase beta beta' subunits in the RpoC1 strain of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6993863 TI - Interaction of an Escherichia coli mutator gene with a deoxyribonucleotide effector. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli carrying mutD5 display very high mutation rates (about 10(4)-fold above wild-type) when grown in rich medium, but relatively low mutation rates (about 10- to 50-fold above wild-type) in minimal medium. Thymidine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuridine are all capable of stimulating mutation when added to minimal medium. Studies with mutants blocked in various steps of thymidine metabolism implicate a phosphorylated thymidine effector which mediates the mutagenic action of the added deoxyribonucleotides. In addition, an unidentified compound or compounds other than thymidine present in rich medium (L broth) can also increase the mutation rate. PMID- 6993864 TI - Transfer of plasmid pRD1 from Escherichia coli to Azospirillum brasilense. AB - Data are presented which indicate that plasmid pRD1 can be transferred from Escherichia coli to strains of Azospirillum brasilense with a frequency of about 10(-7). The reverse was also possible; in this case the frequency of transfer appeared to be much higher, about 5 x 10(-1). Transfer of the plasmid was also obtained between strains of A. brasilense; in this cross the transfer frequency was very high (about 10(-1)). Moreover the pRD1 plasmid seems very stable in A. brasilense cells. PMID- 6993865 TI - An enrichment method for heme-less mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on photodynamic properties of Zn-protoporphyrin. AB - A new and widely applicable technique has been elaborated for enrichment of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in porphyrin and heme synthesis. The method is based on selective photooxidative killing of the wild-type cells, sensitited by Zn-protoporphyrin synthesized and accumulated in wild-type cells under defined conditions. Using a single cycle of selection, heme-deficient mutants have been obtained with a frequency of 2-2.3%. PMID- 6993866 TI - Applications of image intensification to low level fluorescence studies of living cells. AB - Microscopic observations of weak fluorescence from living cells can be achieved by using image intensification techniques in situations where conventional film recording is not feasible. A brief description is given of experimental arrangements that have been used, involving recording the intensifier output alternately on film, or TV vidicons. References are given to more detailed descriptions of particular systems, and an example is presented of the detection of Ca++ in Haemanthus by means of the fluorescence of chlorotetracycline. PMID- 6993867 TI - [Modified histotechnical procedure for tissue evaluation of microvascular prostheses (author's transl)]. AB - Porous silicone microvascular prostheses with a 1 mm inside diameter were inserted in the infrarenal part of the abdominal aorta of 35 rats. By modifying the usual histotechnical procedures like using paraffin with high consistence, embedding the specimen under vacuum and icing the sectional plane it was mde possible to produce perfect histological sections which guaranteed an exact histological evaluation of the implanted microvascular prostheses. PMID- 6993868 TI - [Tissue artefacts by the use of overheated forceps for paraffin embedding (author's transl)]. AB - Histologic work-up of tissue specimens, especially from endoscopic biopsies, requires the use of fine forceps for orientation and dressing in fluid paraffin during the embedding procedure. These forceps are usually preheated over an open flame. If, however, smaller tissue particles are handled with overheated forceps, arteficial alterations may occur which are apt to hamper or falsify the histologic evaluation of the prepared section. Some typical tissue artefacts due to the handling with overheated forceps, are demonstrated with slides from liver biopsies. Recent experiences with an auxiliary instrument for paraffin embedding (Histostat of Vogel, designed by Ciplea) are reported. The forceps are kept at stable temperatures by immersion in fluid paraffin during the embedding procedure, thus excluding almost completely the risk of tissue artefacts by handling with overheated forceps. PMID- 6993869 TI - Pick a plant--any plant--Doctor Churchill probalby has it. PMID- 6993870 TI - Studies on the sulfite reduction test for clostridia. AB - Peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium containing 0.035% ferric ammonium citrate as an indicator, 0.05% sulfite as a substrate, 0.05% cysteine as a reducer and 0.5% glucose was found to be suitable for observing the sulfite reduction test. The effect of added cysteine on the test was suppressed by the addition of glucose. In cultures of bacteria grown for 2 days at 37 C in medium containing the above ingredients, 121 among 132 strains of clostridia, including 86 strains of Clostridium perfringens, gave a positive reaction. Although some strains of Salmonella and Proteus were positive, the specificity of the test for clostridia was thought to be relatively high. Positive reactions in a resting cell system were limited to some species of clostridia. PMID- 6993871 TI - Susceptibility of germ-free mice to infectious megaenteron. AB - Germ-free (GF)-ICR mice were shown to be less susceptible to oral inoculation with a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli 0115a, c: K(B) than GF-CF No.1 mice. In GF-CF No. 1 mice a large number of organisms were recovered from the intestinal wall from the cecum to the rectum 3 to 7 days after inoculation. Unlike those in GF-CF No. 1 mice, lesions in GF-ICR mice were localized in a part of the cecum and organisms were recovered only from the cecal wall and rarely from organs other than those of the alimentary tract. In both strains of mice, however, organisms were recovered in large number from the intestinal contents. Histopathology and immunofluorescence revealed organisms closely attached to the surface of the cecum, colon and rectal epithelia in GF-CF No. 1 mice but only in a part of the cecal epithelium in GF=ICR mice. After being in contact with conventional CF No. 1 mice for 21 days and then inoculated orally with the pathogenic E. coli, ex GF-CF No. 1 mice died within 14 days with severe intestinal lesions, but ex-GF-ICR mice survived without lesions. PMID- 6993872 TI - Changes in serum lipid in endotoxin-poisoned mice. PMID- 6993873 TI - [Species composition of mycococci]. AB - The phenotypical similarity between 34 microbial strains was determined, and they were classified on the principle of maximal general similarity in 70 traits. All the strains were subdivided into three groups within which the similarity of the strains was not less than 85%. The groups correspond to the species Mycococcus capsulatus, M. ruber, and Mycobacterium brevicale. The results of the investigation suggest that the group of mycococci possesses a considerable number of characteristics which make it possible to consider it as a separate microbial genus. However, the principle of equal weight can be hardly applied to the taxonomy of mycococci since sharp variations in many traits do not permit to differentiate between specific and strain differences. Morphological and cultural properties still remain the most reliable criteria of the genus Mycococcus. PMID- 6993874 TI - [Small-scale device for studying the effect of a vacuum on microorganisms]. PMID- 6993875 TI - [Effect of the physiologic state of Escherichia coli cells on their sensitivity to exposure to low temperatures]. PMID- 6993876 TI - [Vladimir Il'ich Kudriavtsev. 1900--1979]. PMID- 6993877 TI - [Comparative study of Candida albicans cell and protoplast sensitivity to polyene antibiotics]. PMID- 6993878 TI - [Comparative infrared spectroscopic study of the cell walls of mesophilic and thermotolerant yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces]. PMID- 6993880 TI - [Reduction of respiration and glucose uptake by bacteria after lyophilization]. AB - The techniques of delayed fluorescence and potentiometry were used to study the restoration of respiration and the rate of glucose assimilation by E. coli M-17 rehydrated after lyophilization in various dehydrating media. The activity of respiration and the rate of glucose assimilation decreased after lyophilization, particularly if the cells were freeze-dried without protecting agents. The restoration of respiration and glucose assimilation to the stationary level took 20--60 min after rehydratation. The stationary level was lower than the level of respiration and glucose assimilation before lyophilization. The decrease in respiration and glucose assimilation after lyophilization correlated with the determination of the number of viable cells by the culturing technique only for effective protecting media, viz. sucrose-gelatin and milk. The absence of such a correlation for cells dehydrated in media with low-effective protecting properties is presumed to be due to their synthetic processes being disturbed and genetic damages. PMID- 6993879 TI - [Nucleoside catabolism study of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas trifolii]. AB - No activity of specific nucleoside phosphorylases was detected in Pseudomonas putida; as the result, its cells cannot grow on various nucleosides using them as carbon sources. Insignificant growth on ribonucleosides, viz. inosine and uridine, should be attributed to the activity of hydrolases in the cell. In contrast, Pseudomonas trifolii is capable of normal growth on various nucleosides using them as a sole source of carbon. Accordingly, the cell extracts display the activities of enzymes involved in the catabolism of nucleosides, namely, the so called deo enzymes. Methods developed for E. coli were used to obtain mutants in the genes dra, tpp and drm as well as in regulatory loci negatively controlling the activity of deo genes in Ps. trifolii. Like in E. coli, cytidine and thymidine induce the activity of deo genes in Ps. trifolii. PMID- 6993882 TI - [Comparative electron microscopic study of cultures of Nocardia asteroides and of the Nocardia-like variant, Actinomyces chrysomallus]. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the red-orange cultures of Nocardia (Proactinomyces) asteroides was compared with that of a Nocardia-like variant of Actinomyces (Streptomyces) chrysomallus isolated upon the inoculation of the submerged parent culture. The comparison has demonstrated for the first time that the major difference consists in the structure of their cross partitions. In Nocardia, the septa is split at all stages of its formation; in the Nocardia-like variant, the partitions have the same structure as the cultures of the genus Actinomyces (Streptomyces). Therefore, the accepted terminology is conventional. PMID- 6993883 TI - [Morphological and biochemical characteristics of Streptomyces hygroscopicus mutants obtained under the action of acridine orange and mitomycin C]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the action of acridine orange and mitomycin C on the production of mutants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, strain 0681. The mutagen activity of mitomycin C was shown to be high. The vegetative culture grown for 24 hours produced more mutants under the action of mitomycin C than spores did. Both acridine orange and mitomycin C caused the production of mutants in strain 0681. The morphology of colonies in these mutants was modified, the synthesis of hygromycin B was completely or partly blocked, and the composition of fatty acids changed quantitatively and qualitatively. Mutants induced by mitomycin C were highly active in the production of the complex of hygrolytin proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6993881 TI - [Patterns of the directed biosynthesis of trichothecin and fibrinolytic enzymes in Trichothecium roseum]. AB - The production of the antibiotic trichothecin and of fibrinolytic enzymes was studied in the culture of the fungus Trichothecium roseum. Correlations were established between the parameters for the biosynthesis of trichothecin and fibrinolytic enzymes and the growth rate of the fungus. Thease as well as certain ratios found between potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the growth medium made it possible to use the function of desirability and to synthesize preferentially either trichothecin or fibrinolytic enzymes in the culture. An approach has been suggested for passing from the measurable parameters of the biosynthetic process to conventional values of desirability. PMID- 6993884 TI - [Comparative study of the energy metabolic enzymatic activity of pigmented and pigment-free strains of Serratia marcescens]. AB - The activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism was investigated in the pigmented strain of Serratia marcescens and in its pigmentless variant with an elevated activity of nuclease. The pigmentless strain was found to exhibit a higher specific activity of several enzymes participating in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and the citric acid cycle. The pigmentless strain accumulated lesser amounts of lactic acid in the medium and was characterized by the negative Voges--Proskauer reaction. PMID- 6993887 TI - Psychosocial aspects of cancer. PMID- 6993886 TI - The extra nuclear control of mitosis & cell function. A theory of cellular organisation. AB - There is evidence to suggest that the extra nuclear cell constituents are the part of the cell which contains all the biochemical mechanisms responsible for implementing all cell functions. These functions include control of cell division, growth, response to injury, replacement of effete cells, maintenance of anatomical and spatial cellular relations and specific cellular function and structure. The energy to perform these functions is derived from the aerobic metabolism of glucose. The energy required for nuclear division appears to be wholly or partly derived from the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Ethyl alcohol interferes with the aerobic metabolic pathways and thus disrupts or diminishes all aerobically activated cell functions. The speed of all activities motivated by aerobic glycolysis can be increased by appropriate electrical stimulations delivered from any of a range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies tested. In addition to the stimulant effect on aerobic metabolic processes, 434 MHz can stimulate the anaerobic glucose metabolism of cancer with consequent stimulation of cancer growth rate. 434 MHz appears to deliver energy to the anaerobic cancer metabolism by causing a resonance phenomenon amongst one or more of the substrates which comprise the first few stages of glycolysis. This phenomenon permits the selective delivery of electromagnetic radiation energy to cancer cells which, if sufficiently intense, causes injury to cancer cells without harm to the normal cells except when the latter are in the phase of anaerobic metabolism which occurs at some stage of the mitotic cycle. Streptokinase, ethanol and glucose analogues increase the lethal effects on cancers undergoing therapy with 434 MHz radiation and observations of such responses suggest a theoretical basis to explain the rare spontaneous remissions of human cancer. Cancer appears to protect its glucose supplies by elevating the blood glucose levels above normal and by some mechanism which reduces the effectiveness of the body's control of its fasting glucose level. The serum fibrinogen level rises when cancer involves the abdominal viscerae, particularly the liver. A raised serum fibrinogen level appears to be a direct indication that the liver must be included in the treatment regime if longer survival is desired. If the level cannot be corrected then death of that individual appears assured. PMID- 6993885 TI - [Primary selection method for microorganism producers of organic acids]. AB - A method is suggested for primary selection of microorganisms producing organic acids. The methods is based on the use of diagnostic media containing the indicator bromocresol green. When yeast fungi of various taxonomic groups were grown in indicator media, 49 yeast cultures producing organic acids were found. Among these, 38 cultures accumulated from 5.0 to 30.0 mg% of citric acid when grown in a medium containing n-paraffins. PMID- 6993888 TI - Multiple primary cancers arising from different organs and tissues. AB - The simultaneous development of a lymphoma and an adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a patient is reported. This occurrence is exceedingly rare. Moreover, the presence of a third neoplasm in the axillary lymph nodes, manifested as secondaries from a squamous cell carcinoma, makes this case unique in the literature. The concept and postulated causes of multiple malignant tumours are discussed. PMID- 6993889 TI - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: fifteen years later. AB - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is a fulminant and rapidly fatal diseases which principally affects children and young adults. The causative organism is Naegleria fowleri, an amoebo-flagellate found in most soil and freshwater habitats. The portal of entry is the nasopharynx from which the amoeba makes its way into the brain by penetration of the olfactory mucosa and cribriform plate. Diagnosis should be suspected in all cases of purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis in which bacteria are not evident in the cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis can be made by microscopic examination of a fresh specimen of cerebrospinal fluid, or a specimen strained with Wright's or Gram's stain. Combination chemotherapy with amphotericin B and tetracycline, or amphotericin B and rifamycin, by intravenous, intrathecal, and when possible, intraventricular instillation, may offer some hope of success. Preventive measures include constant surveillance of domestic water supplies and swimming pools for amoebic contamination, and education of the public to avoid swimming in contaminated areas. PMID- 6993890 TI - Legionnaires' disease in South Australia. Prevalence and diagnosis. AB - Legionella pneumophila was successfully isolated from sputum, and from respiratory secretions obtained by tracheal aspiration, of two patients with Legionnaires' disease by means of guinea pigs and charcoal yeast extract agar. Direct culture of lung tissue from one of these patients gave a pure growth of L. pneumophila. In both cases, legionellas were isolated from specimens which were collected several days after treatment with erythromycin began. Direct fluorescent antibody tests on these specimens gave positive results. This test can result in the rapid diagnosis of legionellosis in carefully selected patients. Serological diagnosis by demonstrating a greater than fourfold rise in antibody level, particularly that of IgM antibody, is the method of choice for making the diagnosis of legionellosis in patients who do not have life threatening infections or in whom a definitive bacteriological diagnosis cannot be made. Serological studies suggest that infection with L. pneumophila is endemic in South Australia. PMID- 6993891 TI - Reports of cases: bleeding gastric fundal varices: angiography and balloon tamponade. PMID- 6993892 TI - Clinical laboratory: enzyme immunoassay for the rapid clinical identification of snake venom. AB - The treatment of snakebite could be simplified if the identity of the offending snake was more frequently known. A positive identification, which allows the use of a specific monovalent antivenom, probably occurs in less than 20% of cases. Recently published methods of venom detection (RIA and ELISA) take at least three hours to complete. We have developed a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which is capable of detecting 0.5 ng of crude snake venom in about 90 minutes or 2 ng of crude venom in about 30 minutes. This substantial reduction in incubation times, while still retaining the sensitivity required, was due to the use of protein A purified rabbit IgG antivenom from hyperimmune serum and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRPO). A rapid identification of the offending snake by this method may reduce the use of large-volume polyvent antivenoms, thus avoiding the clinical and economic disadvantages of such preparations. Other advantages would be an increased understanding of the clinical syndrome produced by the individual species of snake, and accumulation of data about the incidence of envenoming attributed to specific snakes. PMID- 6993893 TI - [Gastronintestinal motility and secretion during fasting]. PMID- 6993894 TI - [Cranial computed tomography: possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 6993895 TI - [Gynecologic-obstetric problems in kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 6993896 TI - [Adverse effects and interactions of laxatives]. PMID- 6993897 TI - [Rehabilitation following myocardial infarct: medical gymnastics as an important therapeutic factor]. PMID- 6993898 TI - [Depression following kidney transplantation]. AB - 47 patients with a renal transplant were investigated psychopathometrically by various self-rating scales on their emotional and subjective somatic state. It was found that at the time of the investigation 9% of the patients had depressive syndromes which were characterized by complaints about various somatic disturbances. In the personality inventory (FPI) 3 psychopathologically different groups could be found: 1. anxious or dysphoric depressive patients (16%), 2. euphoric patients with lack of criticism (47%). A third emotionally not impaired group was only somatically disturbed (21%). The results are compared to those of a former investigation in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6993899 TI - [Pathophysiology of shock following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6993900 TI - [Magnesium--the 2d most abundant intracellular cation]. PMID- 6993901 TI - [Nocturnal leg cramps--their causes and treatment]. AB - Organic causes for nocturnal or recumbency leg cramps as venous, arterial, statical, nervous, rheumatical and metabolic diseases such as tetany, diabetes and gout must be excluded. This means also electrolyte disturbances during a medical treatment, for example with diuretics. In addition there is a very high portion of idiopathic cramps. In 22 patients with nocturnal leg cramps a four week double blind study with a combination of quinine sulphate and aminophylline (Limptar) was started. Unequivocally, Limptar significantly reduced the number and the intensity of nocturnal or recumbency leg cramps. There was no influence on angiological and biochemical parameters. Side effects appeared very seldom. PMID- 6993903 TI - [Gastrin release caused by distention of the stomach]. PMID- 6993904 TI - [Medullary sponge kidney: pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6993905 TI - [New biochemical aspects of diabetes: receptor problems and insulin mutations]. PMID- 6993902 TI - [Indications for use of calcium antagonists]. PMID- 6993907 TI - [Use of immunological methods for the study of epidemiology and the evaluation of the effectiveness of helminthiasis control measures]. PMID- 6993906 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of taiga tick larvae on murine rodents]. PMID- 6993909 TI - [Determination of the proteolytic activity of the low-molecular protein antigen of Fasciola hepatica L]. PMID- 6993908 TI - [Functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract and the intensity of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in hymenolepiasis]. PMID- 6993910 TI - [Clinical immunological variants of leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6993911 TI - Nobel Award address. Computed medical imaging. PMID- 6993912 TI - Biomedical engineering and basic research: historical perspectives. PMID- 6993913 TI - [Therapy of thrombopenic and vascular purpuras in childhood]. PMID- 6993914 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 6993915 TI - Metabolism of puromycin aminonucleoside in transformed human lung fibroblasts and the mechanism of its inhibition of RNA synthesis. PMID- 6993916 TI - Effects of age on various aspects of glucose and insulin metabolism. AB - Age is known to be associated with the development of glucose intolerance. In this review an effort has been made to differentiate between the effects of age per se on glucose tolerance, as distinguished from those of such age-related variables as obesity, diet, development of frank diabetes, etc. At the same time, an attempt was made to evaluate the evidence implicating abnormalities of insulin secretion and/or insulin action in the development of glucose intolerance with age. It is concluded that the questions being asked are far from simple, and that available data do not provide unequivocal answers. PMID- 6993917 TI - Detection of nucleoside triphosphate binding sites of two types in Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase by affinity labeling. AB - The affinity labeling of E. coli RNA polymerase by periodate-oxidized uridin triphosphate (o-UTP) has been carried out under the conditions of poly(dA) and poly(dT) transcription. The extent of RNA polymerase labeling proved to be 2.5 times higher under the transcription of poly(dA) as compared to poly(dT). The amount of o-UTP attached to beta beta'-subunits has been found to decrease if RNA polymerase is labeled in the transcribed complex with poly(dT). These results as well as those obtained in our previous study (1), suggest that there are two types of binding sites for nucleoside triphosphates and their analogs in E. coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 6993918 TI - Novel cleavage products of the third component of human complement. PMID- 6993919 TI - Evolutionary biology of parasites. PMID- 6993920 TI - Understanding visual metaphor: developmental and individual differences. AB - The development of an instrument--the Metaphoric Triads Task (MTT)--for the assessment of metaphoric comprehension is described. In the tradition of earlier cognitive-style research, a visual triad format was adopted that offered three possible pairings of pictorial stimuli, one of which was metaphorical in character. A subject's score reflects the number of metaphoric pairings formed (with appropriate metaphoric explanations) across all of the triads of the task. Data are reported for 12 samples of subjects (ranging from 7 1/2 to 28 years of age) who responded to the MTT in a diverse array of studies. Internal analyses of the MTT yielded satisfactory reliabilities (interjudge and internal consistency) and item-sum correlations. Sex differences were negligible, but progressive improvement in MTT score with age was noted. At the same time, a slight modification of the MTT triad format generated performance levels from younger children that approximated those of children 1--3 years older who had taken the MTT in its standard form. Higher MTT scores were generally obtained by those subjects who attempted more pairings, spent more time at the task, and chose the metaphoric pair as "best" among the alternative pairing possibilities. Correlations of MTT performance with standardized tests of intellective aptitudes and achievements were inconsistent across samples and between the sexes within samples. In contrast, MTT scores were quite consistently related to solving difficult analogies, generating high-quality responses to divergent-thinking tasks, and manifesting broad categorizing and physiognomic sensitivity. Significant correlations between the MTT and a set of verbal metaphoric triads offered convergent validational evidence suggestive of a general metaphoric style. Some relation was found between MTT performance and teacher ratings of figurative language appreciation and esthetic sensitivity, though it appeared that these might be mediated by the teachers' estimate of the child's overall capability. Finally, three experimental training studies were carried out. A requirement of exhaustive pairing and informative feedback on pretest items significantly enhanced the MTT performance of the younger children. The provision of appropriate verbal labels for each picture in a triad also significantly enhanced performance by insuring that children's encoding of the pictures was consistent with the metaphoric linkage in each item. PMID- 6993922 TI - Origin and evolution of the walkerette. PMID- 6993923 TI - Effect of a single long-acting testosterone injection on growth hormone responses in delayed puberty. PMID- 6993921 TI - Hematologic problems of the aged. PMID- 6993925 TI - Regulation of pathways of alcohol metabolism by the liver. PMID- 6993926 TI - Isolation and genetic properties of a bacteriophage T4 uvsX mutant. AB - A technique for isolating UV-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage T4 and a relatively simple method for localizing the UV-sensitive mutations on the genetic map are described. Of 13 mutants isolated 5 were shown to be den V mutants and 1 was shown to be a uvsX mutant. Of the remainder, 4 are probably uvsX mutants (based on their map location) while the indentity of the remaining 3 has not been determined. The uvsX mutant (uvsX102) had enhanced UV and gamma-ray sensitivity compared to the only other well characterized mutant in this gene, uvsX1 (T4x). Both uvsX1 and uvxX102 were more UV-sensitivity when plated on the su- E. coli B hosts, B and S/6, compared to the su+ K12 host CR63, and both reduced the frequency of recombination to the same extent (2--3-fold). The uvsX gene is located between gene 41 and beta gt. PMID- 6993924 TI - Functional interrelationships of exocrine pancreas and endocrine glands in health and disease. PMID- 6993927 TI - Mechanism of rho- induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 6993928 TI - Role of UV-inducible proteins in repair of various wild-type Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 6993929 TI - Inhibition by salicylamide of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-evoked DNA excision repair in isolated rat hepatocytes: an indication of the involvement of a sulfate ester intermediate in carcinogenesis? PMID- 6993930 TI - Plasmid (pKM101)-mediated Weigle reactivation in Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT2: genetic dependence, kinetics of induction, and effect of chloramphenicol. AB - In Escherichia coli K12 the reactivation of UV-irradiated phage in UV-irradiated cells (Weigle reactivation) is inhibited if the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol is present during the post-irradiation incubation. In contrast, in E. coli K12 or Salmonella typhimurium LT2 containing the plasmid pKM101 the kinetics of the W-reactivation response were not affected by chloramphenicol. Under the conditions used, protein synthesis was greater than 99% inhibited and no preferential synthesis of plasmid-coded proteins was apparent in the residual protein synthesis. This increased capacity to reactivate irradiated phage decayed over 2 h if the cells were allowed to grow but was relatively stable if they were incubated in 10 mM MgSO4. Whereas the capacity of UV-irradiated bacteria with or without pKM101 to carry out W-reactivation had largely decayed by the end of a 2 h post-irradiation incubation in minimal-glucose with chloramphenicol, the capacity to synthesize high levels of the recA protein had not. Post-irradiation treatment with chloramphenicol did not abolish the UV-protective effect of pKM101 or R46. pKM101-mediated W-reactivation is recA+-dependent in S. typhimurium and recA+ lexA+-dependent in E. coli K-12. The inefficiency of S. typhimurium LT2 relative to E. coli in carrying out W-reactivation is not due to the presence of the cryptic plasmid in the LT2 strains. Two possible models are discussed. PMID- 6993931 TI - Comparison of rat and guinea pig as sources of the S9 fraction in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. AB - A highly significant enhancement of mutagenicity occurs with 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons when 3-methylcholanthrene-induced guinea pig liver S9 is substituted for Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 in the Ames test. The use of MC induced guinea pig liver S9 is particularly valuable for detecting the weak mutagenicity of benz[c]acridine, which is barely positive in a standard Ames assay. However, anthracene and phenanthrene, which are generally considered not to be carcinogens, remain non-mutagenic for strain TA100. This enhancement of mutagenicity does not correlate with arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activities of the various liver preparations and does not apply to certain other non-PAH mutagens, including beta-naphthylamine, aflatoxin B1 and 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. PMID- 6993932 TI - Induction of cytoplasmic petite in yeast by guanidine hydrochloride: combined treatment with other inducing agents. AB - We have studied the induction of rho- mutants by guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) in combination with other known inducers: ethidium bromide (EB), berenil and ultraviolet light. Competition was observed when cells were simultaneously treated with optimal concentrations of EB and GuHCl; on the other hand, treatment of cells with EB in the presence of non-inducing concentrations of GuHCl resulted in the stimulation of rho- induction of EB. Furthermore, using a strain which upon treatment with high EB concentrations shows recovery of respiratory competence, the presence of GuHCl did not interfere either with the early phase of induction or with the recovery phase, but it did interfere in a competitive fashion with the final irreversible phase of EB induction. In the case of berenil, a synergistic effect was seen when cells were pretreated with GuHCl. A synergistic induction was also observed when cells were submitted to UV prior to GuHCl treatment. These results suggest that GuHCl, EB and berenil act via some common step in their rho- induction pathways. Moreover, GuHCl may somehow be decreasing the efficiency of dark repair of ultraviolet lesions on mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 6993933 TI - Structure-function characterization for ethidium photoaffinity labels as mutagens in Salmonella. AB - The development of photoaffinity probes to characterize the binding process and subsequent biological activity of a drug has recently been emphasized by the synthesis of two ethidium azide analogs. The initial finding showed that one of the azido analogs, the 8-azido-3-amino derivative, was at least 40-fold more mutagenic and toxic in Salmonella tester strain TA1538 than the other analog, the 3.8-diazido derivative. These observations suggested the need to examine the structural requirements of ethidium photoaffinity labels for frameshift mutagenic activity in Salmonella. Thus, the isomer of the monoazide, the 3-azido-8-amino derivative, and two deaminated monoazide derivatives were synthesized and all of the ethidium analogs were screened in two Salmonella frameshift tester strains, TA1537 and TA1538, and in their excision-repair positive isogenic strains. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that two substituents are needed to produce significant mutagenicity and toxicity by the compound. One substituent, usually the amino group, is required for mutagenic activity, perhaps by orienting the phenanthridinium ring into its mutagenic configuration. The other substituent, the azido group, is required for covalent attachment, a requisite for mutagenic activity. Thus, photoaffinity labeling has provided a means of comparing structure with mutagenic activity for ethidium compounds. PMID- 6993934 TI - Induction of rho- mutations in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by ethanol. AB - The kinetics of the killing effect of ethanol was studied at 6-30% concentrations. Ploidy of cells, deficiency of the excision-repair system or holding under no-growth conditions did not influence survival. Ethanol at 24% increased, in the wild strain, the number of respiration-deficient cells from a spontaneous level of 0.4% up to nearly half of all survivors. Genetic analysis showed the mitochondrial nature of induced respiration-deficient mutants (or rho ). The influence of yeast resistance to some antibiotics was studied on rho- mutagenesis, both spontaneous and induced by ethanol. Neomycin-resistant strains were characterized by a significantly lower level of these mutations than were neomycin-sensitive strains. PMID- 6993935 TI - Hydrazine and methylhydrazine as recA+-independent mutagens in Escherchia coli. PMID- 6993936 TI - Validation and comparative studies on 180 chemicals with S. typhimurium strains and V79 Chinese hamster cells in the presence of various metabolizing systems. PMID- 6993937 TI - Ambient air pollutants: collection, chemical characterization and mutagenicity testing. PMID- 6993938 TI - Isoniazid--an attempt at retrospective prediction. A report of an ad hoc expert groups of the International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. PMID- 6993939 TI - Mutagenic potency of haloacroleins and related compounds. AB - 2-Chloroacrolein, the ultimate mutagen, formed on metabolism of the carcinogenc herbicides, diallate and sulfallate, and its 2-bromo-, 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3,3 trichloro- analogs are much more potent mutagens in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1U0 assay than any other aldehydes examined previously or in this study. Polymer formation on reaction of deoxyadenosine with the difunctional 2-chloroacrolein probably involves crosslinking via Schiff base formation at the carbonyl group and Michael addition at the doubts bond. PMID- 6993940 TI - Mutagenicity of 1,2 ring-fused acenaphthenes against S. typhimurium TA1537 and TA1538: structure-activity relationship. AB - A number of 1,2-ring fused acenaphthenes, together with the parent compounds acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, were evaluated for mutagenicity, using the Pour Plate Technique with S. tpyhimurium strains TA1538 and TA1537. Although acenaphthene and acenaphthylene were non-mutagenic, all the 1,2-ring fused acenaphthene were found to be indirect frameshift mutagens in strain TA1537. The chemical nature of the 1,2-fused ring did not appear to be important for mutagenic activity against TA1537, however, its nature did affect the mutagenesis of strain TA1538. Only acenaphthenes fused with a pyrimidine or pyrazine ring were capable of mutating the hiD 3052 locus of TA1538. Substitution at the 8 position of the ring system with an amino group rendered the molecule inactive against TA1538, whilst substitution at the 10-position only reduced, but did not eliminate the mutagenic effect against TA1538. Methyl substitution at various sites on the molecule modified the mutagenic activity against TA1537, and indicated the formation of an electrophilic species (epoxide) at the 2,3-position of the acenaphthene nucleus. The incorporation of a competitive substrate for ring hydroxylation (naphthalene) reduced the mutagenic effect of acenaphthopyrimidine against TA1537 and confirmed this assumption. However, naphthalene did not reduce the mutagenic effect of the compound against TA1538, indicating the possible formation of a second metabolite by an alternative enzymic pathway. The fusion of a pyridine ring to the system to give a pentacyclic compound resulted in a molecule sufficiently planar to allow for a weak direct mutagenic effect against TA1537. PMID- 6993941 TI - Mutagenic activity of swimming-pool water. AB - Swimming pool water, being chlorinated and exposed to trace organics from use was investigated as a possible source of mutagens using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Procedures previously described for the extraction of trace organics from water using XAD-2 macroreticular resin were modified to allow quantitative extraction of mutagens. These procedures were superior to freeze drying and solvent-extraction. Using a base-pair histidine mutant, strain TA100, of Salmonella typhimurium significantly mutagenic responses were observed using concentrates from 3 variations of the extraction procedure. Acidified pool-water extracts eluted with ether or acetone were mutagenic, the former enhanced in the presence of the induced microsomal fraction from rat livers. Non-acidified pool water extracts eluted with acetone were mutagenic without microsomal activation. These results indicate the presence of more than one mutagen in what is likely a complex mixture of organic molecules in swimming-pool water. PMID- 6993942 TI - The mutagenic activity of ethyl N-hydroxycarbamate and its related compounds in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Alkyl N-hydroxycarbamates exhibited weak but significant mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The mutagenic potencies of these N hydroxycarbamates were ranked thus: ethyl N-hydroxycarbamate greater than propyl N-hydroxycarbamate greater than methyl N-hydroxycarbamate. Acylation of ethyl N hydroxycarbamate markedly enhanced its mutagenic activity for TA100. The highest mutagenic activity was observed with ethyl N-benzoyloxycarbamate among these acyl derivatives. Almost all the compounds were mutagenic to all the strains TA1535, TA100, TA98, especially to TA100. PMID- 6993943 TI - Petite induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by ethidium analogs: distinction between resting and growing cells. AB - The importance of specific substituents, especially amino azide groups, for ethidium induction of petites was evaluated in resting and dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the study of a series of ethidium analogs. The structural requirements in resting and growing cells were found to be different, suggesting that at least two mechanisms are responsible for induction. The significance of particular substituents in the induction processes were recognized by: (1) a dependence upon the ethyl substituent at the ring nitrogen in both actively growing and in resting cells; and (2) the implication that amino substituents are important for the effect in dividing cells and especially in resting cells. Photolytic enhancement of petite induction (via a nitrene which forms a covalent linkage to a biological site) was observed for 3 of the azide analogs, which emphasizes the likelihood that metabolic activation of ethidium to a covalent complex is responsible for its effectiveness. Furthermore, these studies indicate that these monoazide analogs should be ideal probes for examining the mitochondrial mutagenic processes. PMID- 6993944 TI - Osteomyelitis: the past decade. PMID- 6993945 TI - Evaluation of surgical therapy. PMID- 6993946 TI - Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women. AB - To determine the cause of the acute urethral syndrome, we studied 59 women with dysuria and frequent urination without "significant bacteriuria" (defined as greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter), 35 women with typical cystitis and 66 women with no symptoms of urinary-tract infection. Although none of the 59 women with urethral syndrome had greater than 3.4 x 10(4) bacteria per milliliter in either of two successive midstream urine specimens, samples of bladder urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration or catheterization from 24 women contained coliforms, and samples from three contained Staphylococcus saprophyticus; all but one of these 27 women also had pyuria. Of the 32 women with sterile bladder urine, 10 of 16 with pyuria and one of 16 without pyuria were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (P = 0.002). Chlamydial infection was found in 11 of 42 women with urethral syndrome and pyuria, in three of 66 without symptoms, and in one of 35 with cystitis (P less than 0.01 when the group with urethral syndrome is compared with either of the other groups). Thus, 42 of 59 women with urethral syndrome had abnormal pyuria and 37 of these 42 were infected with coliforms, S. saprophyticus, or C. trachomatis, whereas few women without pyuria had demonstrable infection. Bacteriuria of greater than or equal to 10(5) per milliliter may be an insensitive diagnostic criterion when applied to symptomatic lower-urinary-tract infection. PMID- 6993947 TI - Peritoneovenous shunting for ascites. PMID- 6993948 TI - Medicare for rehabilitation: who qualifies? PMID- 6993949 TI - The evolution of departments of medicine. AB - Departments of medicine have grown from small, professorial, hospital-based units to large, multi-institutional organizations. Their growth is analyzed from the perspectives of teaching, graduate training, research, patient care, and organization. Research-oriented departments of medicine are heavily dependent on federal funds, and this dependence has profound implications for all aspects of a department's function. The job of the chairman has become progressively more difficult, and a rapid turnover of chairmen has resulted. The major reasons for a chairman's distress are the excessive expectations placed on him. Some possible remedies to make the chairman's lot easier include better managerial help, improved fiscal support, and alternative forms of organization. Departments of medicine must improve their planning processes if they are to survive in the 1980's. PMID- 6993950 TI - Acquisition of typhoid fever from proficiency-testing specimens. PMID- 6993951 TI - [Incidence of yeasts isolated from the mouth and toothbrushes in Venezuela]. AB - 117 yeast strains from the mouth, and 69 from toothbrushes of 229 patients from the Hospital Universitario of Caracas (Venezuela) were studied. Candida albicans was found to be the most frequent yeast in both materials with 56.4%, and 52.1% in the mouth and toothbrushes, respectively. C. tropicalis with 16.2%, and C. parapsilosis with 7.6% followed C. albicans in the mouth. In the toothbrushes C. parapsilosis with 11.5%, and C. tropicalis with 6.0% followed C. albicans. The incidence of other yeasts was not significative. Torulopsis glabrata was not found in the material studied. PMID- 6993952 TI - An effective medium for the selective growth of yeast or mycelial forms of Candida albicans: biochemical aspects of the two forms. AB - A new synthetic medium, based on a modification of a commercially available tissue culture medium, allows Candida albicans to be grown in the yeast or mycelial form. Salient features of the system are described and comparisons with previous physiological investigations are discussed. A concise biochemical profile of these two forms of C. albicans is also presented. The results indicate vast metabolic differences between the two forms. PMID- 6993954 TI - A reemphasis-Germ tubes diagnostic for Candida albicans have no constrictions. AB - Descriptive and illustrative material in several recent diagnostic manuals for medical mycology are unclear with respect to proper designation of germ tubes formed by Candida albicans. Because of the increasing significance of this and other yeast species in human disease, mycologists should be aware that germ tubes, unlike buds or pseudohyphae, do not have constrictions at the point of origin. Light and scanning electron micrographs are presented to emphasize this diagnostic characteristic. PMID- 6993953 TI - Comparison by ELISA of serum anti-Candida albicans mannan IgG levels of a normal population and in diseased patients. AB - Titers of serum IgG with specificity for C. albicans mannan were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a group of 640 normal persons. Substantial differences in titers were found when comparing individuals but not among groups divided by race, sex, or age. As a group, leukemics showed a pattern of IgG titers similar to that of the normal population. Sera from six patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis showed that IgG levels were markedly variable in this disease. Anti-mannan IgG was not detected in normal rabbit serum but was found in serum from infected animals. The results indicate the necessity of serial sampling if serological methods, such as ELISA, are to be useful in aiding the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. PMID- 6993956 TI - [Effect of glucose and nitrogen concentrations on the morphology of Candida albicans and the formation of chlamydospores in synthetic culture media]. AB - Candida albicans was grown in the darkness, at 28 degrees C, in a synthetic medium in which glucose and nitrogen concentrations were varied. Numeric appraisal of the chlamydospore index was possible only in the medium where glucose concentration was 0,08 g/1 or less. When the glucose concentration raised, pseudomycelial thalli bore numerous chlamydospores but sometimes also chains of cells with a dense granular content. These thalli bud yeast cells which separate and bud again in the medium. The different morphological aspects of the cultures are decribed, illustrated and classified according to the glucose and nitrogen concentration of the medium. PMID- 6993958 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 6993957 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 6993959 TI - Selfish DNA in "petite" mutants. PMID- 6993955 TI - Immunodiagnosis of candida-infections. I. Sensitivity of the antigens. AB - Attempts were made to prepare a sensitive antigen from C. albicans suitable for detecting humoral antibodies and hypersensitivity in deep-seated candidiasis, in patients at risk of invasive candidiasis and in allergic states caused by Candida. 5343 persons suffering from systemic, bronchial, vaginal candidiasis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, polyarthritis nodosa, ulcus cruris, malignancy, rhinitis pollinosa, vasomotorica, and non infected miners, farmers and blood donors were investigated on the presence of antibodies and hypersensitivity against 8 different antigen preparations. The extracellular protein and mannan- protein isolated from the cultivation medium of C. albicans proved the most sensitive for specific anticandida antibodies. The mannan, especially the mannan isolated from the cell surface of C. albicans determined best for the allergy. Comparison made of commerical Candidine showed similar activity. The whole cell C. albicans antigens as well as the mixed Candida antigen reacted much weakly. Comparison made of autoantigen, C. albicans and mixed C. albicans antigen proved the highest sensitivity of the autoantigen. PMID- 6993960 TI - Morphogenesis of branching tubules in cultures of cloned mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 6993962 TI - Does the variability of the cell cycle result from one or many chance events? PMID- 6993961 TI - Ammonia inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages. AB - When foreign bodies, including many microorganisms, are ingested by cultured macrophages, they become enclosed in phagosomes, with which lysosomes usually fuse and then discharge their enzymes and other contents into the resulting phagolysosomes. Such fusion is, however, diminished or absent after the phagocytosis of some pathogens, notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii. Assuming that the nonfusion is due to active inhibition by the intrapoagosomal microbe, identification of an inhibitor should clarify the lysosomal control mechanism. It has been suggested that strongly acidic sulphatides present in virulent tuberculosis, which, like other substances with polyanionic structural features, can themselves block phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-LF), may contribute to the negative lysosome response to ingested tubercle bacilli. We report here another possibility, based on inhibition of fusion of yeast-containing phagosomes by filtrates from cultures of tubercle bacilli on traditional-type defined media; we show that the ammonia content of such filtrates is sufficient to account for their effect. This inhibition of fusion seems to be an hitherto unrecognized intracellular consequence of added ammonia, in striking contrast to the enhancement produced by some lipophilic amines. PMID- 6993963 TI - [Some somatic aspects of anxiety (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993964 TI - [Methodological considerations in psychopathology and theory of history (author's transl)]. PMID- 6993965 TI - Pathogenesis of acute noninflammatory renal failure. PMID- 6993966 TI - Variable levels of plasma catecholamines and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in hemodialysis patients. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DPM), dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), and renin were measured in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The predialysis NE, EPI, and DPM concentrations were lower than normal at 29, 7.3 and 4.8 pg/ml, respectively. The NE level increased in the erect posture to 100 pg/ml at 30 min. Levels were also measured during the postdialysis period, and were approximately the same as in normal subjects, but lower than previously published values for patients undergoing hemodialysis. In the predialysis period, NE and renin correlated upon assumption of the upright posture. It is concluded that maintenance hemodialysis can be carried out without a major distortion of the plasma catecholamine levels. PMID- 6993967 TI - Effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on renal function and renin secretion in hypophysectomized dogs. AB - The effect of PGI2, the principal metabolite of arachidonic acid in mammalian arterial and venous tissues, on renal function and renin secretion was investigated in anesthetized, hypophysectomized dogs undergoing a maximal water diuresis. PGI2 in a concentration of 0.04 microgram/kg/min significantly increased urine flow and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in the absence of changes in glomerular filtration rate or blood pressure. The fact that PCI2 significantly increased free water clearance and distal delivery of sodium and inhibited distal fractional rea0sorption of glomerular filtrate is suggestive of an effect on proximal as well as distal sites of the nephron. PGI2 increased renin secretion rates threefold. This promotion of renin release may have been caused by an increase of ion flux across the macula densa or by an increase in renal blood flow. On a molar basis, PGI2 is about 10 times more potent than PGE2 with regard to natriuresis, diuresis and renin release when studied under identical conditions. Thus, PCI2 may be the major prostaglandin involved in the regulation of salt and water excretion. PMID- 6993968 TI - Spontaneous bacterial clearance in experimental urinary tract infections in mice: cellular aspects of the process. AB - The morphological aspects of Proteus mirabilis clearance from the urinary tract of experimentally infected mice were investigated. For this purpose, two groups of mice were compared: a group infected with the bacterium and a group that had just recovered from the infection. Differences between the two groups were found in extent of bladder and kidney inflammation, depth of infiltration into the bladder wall, and in the increment of bladder volume. There was no clear-cut difference between the two groups in number of lymphocytes and monocytes, but the number of granulocytes was significantly lower in the bladder and kidneys of the recently healed animals. Likewise, the plasma cells were fewer in healed animals than in infected ones, the difference being statistically significant for bladders and on the verge of significance for kidneys. PMID- 6993969 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and metabolic acidosis: a complex interaction of multiple factors. PMID- 6993970 TI - Circulating anti-tubular basement membrane antibody in a variety of human renal diseases: detection and significance. AB - Serum specimens from 99 selected renal patients were examined over a 3-year period by both a hemagglutination technique (HA) and an indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) method for the presence of circulating antibody against tubular basement membrane (TBM). 11 patients were found with anti-TBM antibodies. 6 of them also had antibody against glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The other 5 with anti-TBM antibody alone, had a unique natural history and response to therapy which suggested that the antibody was important in the pathogenesis of their disease. The variation seen in end organ damage may indicate that other factors, possibly genetic, are involved in the pathophysiology. PMID- 6993971 TI - Exaggerated natriuresis in normotensive subjects with a previous history of pregnancy-associated hypertension. AB - The effect of an isotonic saline infusion on urinary sodium excretion and plasma renin activity (PRA) has been studied in 11 normotensive patients with a previous history of pregnancy-associated hypertension. The results have been compared with a group of controls matched for age, sex and parity. The results demonstrate an exaggerated natriuresis and a suppressed PRA response in the patients with a previous history or pregnancy-associated hypertension which is similar to those reported in patients with established 'essential' hypertension. PMID- 6993972 TI - Glycerol-induced myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure in the pregnant rat. AB - These studies examined the effects of the volume expansion and the enhanced activity of the renin-angiotensin system during pregnancy on the severity of glycerol-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) in the rat. Renal cortical renin content (RCRC) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were measured during the first, second, and third weeks of pregnancy. There were no significant changes in RCRC during pregnancy, but PRC was significantly elevated by the third week (22 +/- 2 vs. 12 +/- 2 ng angiotensin I/ml/k, p less than 0.001), despite plasma volume expansion as assessed by changes in the hemotocrit (37.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 46.4 +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.001). Despite the elevated PRC, a significant reduction in the severity of ARF was seen during the third week of pregnancy, as assessed by both blood urea nitrogen and inulin clearance measurements. When a sustained natriuresis was superimposed earlier in pregnancy by saline drinking, significantly more protection against ARF was seen, but with less plasma volume expansion. These results suggest that the mechanism by which saline drinking confers protection may be independent of the degree of volume expansion but may be dependent upon the associated sustained natriuresis. PMID- 6993974 TI - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on LHRH release from a hypothalamic synaptosomal fraction of ovariectomized rats. AB - Mitochondrial-synaptosomal fractions (P2) from the basomedial hypothalamus of adult ovariectomized rats were employed to study the effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) on the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 5 or 50 micrograms of EB significantly reduced the total LHRH released from P2 under both control and K+-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, rats given 50 microgram EB demonstrated cyclic variations in the magnitude of inhibition of LHRH release. Comparison of LHRH release from P2 of rats sacrificed at 0900 hr with that from those sacrificed at 1500 hr revealed a small but persistent facilitation of LHRH release each afternoon. This facilitation, associated with an increase in the soluble component of LHRH release, was absent when rats also received 5 mg of P. No effects on LHRH release were observed when 17 beta-estradiol alone or when P was applied to P2 in vitro. The data show that the regulatory effects of estrogen and progesterone given in vivo on LHRH secretion can be observed in a subcellular fraction of the hypothalamus containing neurosecretory cell terminals. PMID- 6993975 TI - [Effectiveness of parenteral administration of piracetam in acute and chronic consciousness disorders in cerebral arteriosclerosis]. AB - The effectiveness of treatment with piracetam of 32 patients with acute and chronic consciousness disturbances caused by clinical syndromes of cerebrovascular disease (strokes, syndromes of dementia) was studied. The drug was administered in drip infusions in daily doses of 6 g for 10 days. A statistically significant improvement was obtained in the signs belonging to the syndrome of consciousness disturbances. No significant difference was observed in the power of action of the drug in acute and chronic consciousness disturbances. PMID- 6993973 TI - Properties of LHRH release from a hypothalamic synaptosomal fraction of estrogen primed ovariectomized rats. AB - The release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from mitochondrial synaptosomal fractions (P2) of basomedial hypothalamus was examined under various conditions. Less than 3% of the LHRH in P2 suspensions was released under control conditions while the addition of 60 mM KCl or NaCl effected an 8-fold increase in LHRH as measured by radioimmunoassay. Equiosmolar sucrose effected only a 1.8 fold increase in LHRH release. The stimulatory effects of both Na+ and K+ were significantly inhibited by Mn2+ or La3+. Two forms of released LHRH were observed, one soluble and the other particulate. Soluble LHRH release was effected by hypertonic sucrose or 60 mM KCl and was not inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists. The release of particulate LHRH was unaffected by hpertonic sucrose, was stimulated 10-fold by 60 mM KCl, and was abolished with Ca2+ antagonists. These results suggest that the released soluble LHRH results from nonspecific leakage while the release of particulate LHRH reflects a Ca2+-dependent secretory process. PMID- 6993976 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of anginin and stugeron treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis]. AB - Using the method of double-blind trial the effectiveness of treatment with Anginin (pyrridinolcarbamate) and Stugeron (cinnarizine) was evaluated. The somatic and mental condition and the results of motor rehabilitation of the patients were estimated. In all the evaluated elements the results of Stugeron treatment were better. The results were assessed in two groups of 20 cases each of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis observed during two months. PMID- 6993979 TI - [In memory of Stanislaw Zebrowski (1917--1979)]. PMID- 6993978 TI - [Radioisotope studies of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6993977 TI - [Possibility of timolol use for immediate alleviation of Horton's cluster headache. Preliminary report]. AB - The author gave timolol to 4 patients with cluster headaches instilling it in the form of a 0.5% solution into the conjunctival sac during attacks. Usually the attacks were significantly shortened and alleviated. Trials with placebo gave negative results. The method requires verification in a larger material but even now it appears to be worth of recommendiation. PMID- 6993980 TI - A microstereotactic approach to small CNS lesions. Part I. Development of CT localization and 3-D reconstruction techniques. AB - The authors describe a newly designed and utilized stereotactic methodology for the removal of central nervous system lesions as small as a few millimeters in diameter. These small lesions are detected and localized by non-invasive computerized axial tomography (GE 8800 scanner) with additional computer processing of the digital data by means of a PDP-1145 computer. Multiple computer algorithms have been developed to enhance regions of interest on CT scans by three-dimensional reconstruction and magnification techniques. This same data can then be used to calculate a stereotactic approach to a small CNS lesion. The stereotactic approach coordinates are then mated to a head fixation system modified from the Reichert-Mundinger stereotactic apparatus enabling information transfer from CT scan to the stereotactic surgical system. These small CNS lesions, as small as 5 mm, can be removed with the apparatus described herein under direct binocular 3-D vision with minimal tissue damage, through a small trephine craniotomy or burr hole. Newly designed instruments and instruments in the process of being developed are mounted on a micromanipulator attached to the Riecher-Mundinger frame for guidance at surgery. These new instruments include stereoendoscopes with xenon arc illumination, multiple tissue expanders for exposing the operative site, a radiation tracer probe, a rotary-sucker extractor, and multiple other small instruments for operating and removal of blood and tissue from small CNS lesions. The stereotactic frame accurately defines all areas of the cranium in three-dimensional coordinates, and its combination with the micromanipulator-instrument assembly enables the site of any small CNS lesion, the three-dimensional coordinates of which have been located by additional computer processing of the CT digital data, to be accurately approached by the stereotactic guide micromanipulator assembly. The instrument described herein allows removal of very small tumor burdens, and opens the possibility for successful secondary application of adjuvant immunotherapy to a CNS tumor site as described in part II of this paper. PMID- 6993981 TI - Melatonin inhibition of the in vivo pituitary response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the neonatal rat. AB - The effects of melatonin on the in vivo pituitary LH response to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were examined in neonatal male and female rats, in 35- to 44-day old male rats, and in 35- to 44-day-old male animals which had been either pinealectomized or maintained in constant light for at least 3 weeks before use. Animals were given saline or melatonin (1--100 micrograms/rat) followed within 30 sec by saline or LHRH (10--1,000 ng/rat) at separate subcutaneous sites. Blood was collected following decapitation either without prior injection or 15, 30, 45, or 60 min afterwards. Serum LH concentrations were determined by double antibody radioimmunoassay. In neonatal male and female rats, melatonin (1 microgram) significantly (p less than 0.01) suppressed by approximately 65% serum LH at 15 min after LHRH. Suppression was maintained for at least 60 min, a finding which indicates that melatonin blocks rather than delays the response to LHRH. By contrast, in normal, pinealectomized, and constant light older male rats, melatonin (100 micrograms) had no detectable effect on either the magnitude or the time course of LH release by LHRH. These data extend our previous in vitro findings by demonstrating that melatonin is a potent inhibitor of the in vivo pituitary response to LHRH in neonatal rats but not in older animals. Neither pinealectomy nor constant light, both of which are assumed to reduce pineal melatonin production, for at least 3 weeks before use restores neonatal pituitary responsiveness to the pineal indole in the older animals. PMID- 6993982 TI - Intra- and extrahypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) distribution in the rat with special reference to mesencephalic sites which contain both LHRH and single neurons responsive to LHRH. AB - In addition to hypothalamic sites known to contain LHRH, several extrahypothalamic structures in both male and female rats were discovered to contain the decapeptide. In the mesencephalon, the fasciculus retroflexus, interpeduncular nucleus and midbrain central grey contained readily detectable quantities of LHRH. Single neurons responsive to microiontophoretically applied LHRH were also discovered in the mesencephalon suggesting a physiological role for the decapeptide in neuronal events at the level of the midbrain. PMID- 6993983 TI - Influence of alpha-melanotropin on LH release in the rat. AB - The effects of MSH on spontaneous and induced ovulation as well as on serum LH levels were studied. Rats which received progesterone on D1 and D3 were injected i.p. with 30 microgram of alpha-MSH or saline solution and examined for ovulation on the following day. The injection of alpha-MSH induced ovulation in 90% of the animals; saline solution, on the contrary, induced an ovulatory response only in 10% of the cases. Rats injected with beta-MSH yielded similar results to those injected with saline solution, indicating a possible specific alhpa-MSH action. The replacement of the second progesterone injection by alpha-MSH failed to increase to ovulation indicating that alpha-MSH synergizes or alters progesterone action. It would seem that alpha-MSH stimulates ovulation-potentiating progesterone effects on the CNS. LH effectively induced ovulation in rats where spontaneous ovulation was blocked by an injection of progesterone on D1. The i.p. injection of 30 microgram alpha-MSH lowered the amount of LH necessary to induce ovulation. Rats which received alpha-MSH and LRH showed a marked increase in serum LH levels compared with rats where alpha-MSH had been replaced by saline solution. Collectively the information provided in this paper is consistent with the view that the release of MSH observed in the morning of PE would signal the discharge of LH from the pituitary gland occurring in the afternoon of PE. PMID- 6993984 TI - Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in neurological surgery. AB - The clinical and experimental bases for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery are reviewed briefly. The evidence regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in five specific neurosurgical situations (clean surgical procedures, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, external venticulostomies, basilar skull fractures, and compound skull fractures) is examined. There are no unequivocal indications for antibiotic prophylaxis in neurological surgery. Large scale randomized clinical trials will be required to settle the controversy in some of these areas. PMID- 6993986 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: the development of neurosurgical services in New Zealand. PMID- 6993985 TI - On the nature of the so-called monstrocellular sarcoma of the brain. PMID- 6993987 TI - P. K. Anokhin's concept of systems genesis and its subsequent development. PMID- 6993989 TI - Dynamics of the brain cell microenvironment. PMID- 6993988 TI - Hormonal changes during experimental hypothalamic obesity in rats. PMID- 6993991 TI - Pattern shift visual, brainstem auditory, and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. AB - Pattern shift visual (PSVER), brainstem auditory (BAER), and short-latency somatosensory (SER) evoked potentials are practical and reliable clinical tests that provide objective measures of impulse conduction in the respective central nervous system (CNS) white matter tracts. In large groups of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the abnormality rates were 56, 32, and 60% (PSVER, BAER, and SER, respectively). Evidence of clinically unsuspected lesions was found in 42, 21, and 51%, respectively. Abnormality rates for a definite MS group alone were higher. The tests provide confirmatory and additional evidence for multiple lesions in CNS white matter. They may also provide an objective assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. PMID- 6993990 TI - Factors influencing osmotic fragility of red blood cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Factors affecting osmotic fragility were studied in red blood cells of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mean osmotic fragility (MOF), operationally defined as the NaCl concentration for 50% hemolysis, was found to be higher by 3.63 +/- 0.51 mM in Duchenne cells than in normal cells having an MOF of 60.1 +/- 0.5 mM NaCl buffered with 10 mM sodium phosphate at pH 7.0. However, about 20% of Duchenne patients had red cells indistinguishable from their age- and sex-matched controls. Temperature, pH, preincubation in plasma, and proteolytic digestion all affected Duchenne and normal cells to the same extent. However, after salt loss, induced either by preincubation in isotonic nonelectrolyte solutions or by exposure to ionophore A23187, Duchenne cells showed a greater change in MOF. Osmotic fragility of Duchenne cells was increased even in younger blood cells, suggesting that the membrane was abnormal in the early stages of red cell maturation. PMID- 6993992 TI - Spasticity: medical and surgical treatment. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from multiple muscle groups with surface electrodes during systematic evaluation of phasic and tonic stretch reflexes, cutaneomuscular reflexes, long loop reflexes, postural reflexes, and volitional activation have been used to provide a neurophysiologic basis for selection of the appropriate treatment for spasticity, and to gain further insights into the general mechanisms of spasticity. Pharmacologic methods are useful as a temporary measure. Hypertonia of a single muscle can be effectively treated with 40% alcohol injections to the motor points and hypertonia of a muscle group with partial denervation through 6% phenol in water injected into the nerve trunk. Hypertonia of several muscle groups can be treated by chemical or surgical rhizotomy or myelotomy. Generalized hypertonia involving limb and trunk muscles can be modified through chronic epidural stimulation of the spinal cord. Modification of reciprocal antagonistic muscle activity may be achieved through electrical stimulation of the involved nerve trunks. PMID- 6993993 TI - Epidemiologic contributions to multiple sclerosis: an overview. PMID- 6993995 TI - [Critical considerations on the work of Carlo Forlanini (1847-1918)]. PMID- 6993994 TI - Multiple sclerosis: evidence for immunopathogenesis. AB - I have attempted to review the evidence that one or more immunopathologic mechanisms are responsible for the clinical and pathologic findings in multiple sclerosis (MS). I believe that there is considerable evidence for an immunopathogenesis of MS, but it is not clear what type or types of reactions are involved or against which autoantigen, neoantigen, or microbial antigen the reaction is directed. In addition, there is growing evidence that there are abnormalities in immunologic control mechanisms in patients with MS, although whether these changes are a cause or a result of the disease is not clear. PMID- 6993996 TI - [Music and medicine in the writings of Felice La Torre (1846-1923)]. PMID- 6993997 TI - [Commemoration of Professor L. Cagliero]. PMID- 6993998 TI - [Primary amenorrhea. Considerations on 54 cases]. PMID- 6993999 TI - Persistent candidemia following abdominal surgery; Cryptic renal source. PMID- 6994000 TI - Autourotherapy; the water of life. PMID- 6994001 TI - Medical society of the county of Monroe; sesquicentennial-1971. PMID- 6994002 TI - Disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex type 2 infection in a renal transplant recipient: response to adenine arabinoside (Vidarabine). AB - A 27-year-old woman with a well-functioning cadaveric renal transplant presented with recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simples type two infection associated with a severe systemic illness. Two courses of treatment with adenine arabinoside (Vidarabine) were associated with rapid healing of the herpetic lesions and an improvement in her general condition. Treatment was associated with nausea but no toxic effect were noted. PMID- 6994003 TI - Prevention of abdominal wound disruption utilizing the Smead-Jones closure technique. AB - Midline abdominal wound closure with the Smead-Jones technique was reviewed on an oncology service. No dehiscences were recorded for 747 patients. This result was compared with a lower-risk gynecologic service that used layered wound closures. The mass closure was superior in prevention of wound disruption. PMID- 6994004 TI - [Chemotherapy of metastasizing colonic carcinomas with nitrosourea compounts. Retrospective analysis]. AB - 35 patients with advanced, and previously untreated, colorectal cancer underwent therapy with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, DTIC, or one of the nitrosoureas, BCNU or methyl-CCNU, respectively. No complete remission was achieved. 33% of all cases resulted in partial remission and lasted for approximately 3--4 months. Complications were perilous such as neutro- and thrombocytopenia. The overal quality of life was poor. Though several parameters influence these results, we think that the above-listed nitrosoureas do not add substance to the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. PMID- 6994005 TI - [Effect on peripheral blood cells in children with acute leukemia during remission by intramuscular injected of arabinosyl-cytosine (author's transl)]. AB - Investigation was done in children with acute leukemia in complete hematological remission. It was tested whether out-patient treatment by intramuscular administration of arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) may obviate the continuous intravenous Ara-C regimen. Every therapy cycle lasted 5 days. Changes in peripheral blood cell counts after 5 days of continuous intravenous. Ara-C infusion against 5 days of intramuscular Ara-C application given every 12 h were tested. 129 cycles of intramuscular application and 11 cycles of intravenous application were evaluated. Evaluation was done by the Friedmanntest. There was a significant decrease in blood cell counts after intramuscular Ara-C treatment. When administered intramuscularly during the first cycle Ara-C was effective for at least 3 weeks, whereas after repeated cycles the decline of blood cells was only demonstrable for 14 days. A comparison of the effect between intravenous and intramuscular routes revealed similar results. No local side effects were noted when Ara-C was given intramuscularly. PMID- 6994006 TI - [Radiation-induced kidney diseases after treatment of juvenile neoplasms]. AB - 3 children with malignant tumors in one kidney were treated with radiation in doses of 30 (3 weeks), 35 (6 weeks), and 33 Gy (8 weeks). The clinical and histological findings of radiation-induced nephritis from 2 children are demonstrated. In the third case radiation was performed because of adrenocortical carcinoma. 10,5 years after radiation the child developed a renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6994008 TI - [Neutron therapy at the radiology center of the West German Tumor Center at Essen University Hospital. Preliminary results during the treatment time from January 1978 to September 1979]. AB - The preliminary results of neutron treatment of 104 patients are analysed. Most of them suffered from advanced or recurrent tumors. A complete tumour regression was observed in 55 cases and a partial regression in 22 cases (tumour involution less than or equal to 50% of the original extent). 19 patients developed recurrences, 15 of them received reduced doses. In 8 cases neutron therapy failed. Applying stringent requirements for neutron therapy, a complication rate of approximately 10% is to be expected. PMID- 6994007 TI - [Radiational basis and practice of the citrovorum factor (Leucovorin) protection after high-dose methotrexate therapy. High-dose methotrexate/leucovorin]. AB - The effects of methotrexate on the DNA metabolism of human lymphoblast cultures and bone marrow cells were estimated. The ratio of the 3H-deoxyuridine and 3H thymidine incorporation rates ia a good parameter for the methotrexate effect. Citrovorum factor (5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid) reverses methotrexate toxicity only when its concentration exceeds that of methotrexate at least ten times. Guidelines for the practice of high-dose methotrexate therapy and the following citrovorum factor rescue, especially for patients with retarded methotrexate elimination are presented. A new simple formula enables the exact calculation of the citrovorum factor dose for individual patients according to their methotrexate serum levels. This formula, derived from the experimental data of the bone marrow and lymphoblast culture cells, gives a rational basis for the high-dose rescue with citrovorum factor in cases with expected or manifest toxicity, and means, moreover, a safety factor for the practice of high-dose methotrexate therapy. PMID- 6994009 TI - [Psychological care of tumor patients]. AB - The well-being of oncological patients can be furthered by an optimal integration of psychological personal during diagnostic and treatment procedures. Approaches towards this integration in a clinic for internal medicine are shown up and proposals made for the follow-up care of oncological patients. Whereas in-patient care of o.p. shows good results in psychosocial respect through a group dynamic working procedure, the psychological care during outpatient times is undeveloped. Self-help groups, family therapy modified and vocational rehabilitation offer facilities for support during outpatient times, which showed be furthered in future by more financial and ideal support for specially trained personal. Only thus can psychosocial rehabilitation be promoted and adequately understood as help to avert successive crises. PMID- 6994011 TI - Canalicular resection and reconstruction by canaliculostomy. AB - A procedure is described for externalizing residual lower canaliculus in an "ostomy" manner after lower lid resection. As little as one-fourth residual canaliculus can be used. The basis of this technique involves intubation of the residual canalicular stump and the upper canaliculus with silicone tubing after the method described by Quicker-Dryden, the micro-dissection of the canalicular remnant and its placement on the internal edge of the eyelid margin. This canaliculostomy technique may be combined with different eyelid reconstructive procedures. The technique has been applied to patients undergoing eyelid resection for neoplastic disease, patients with medial cicatrical canthal deformity and congenital eyelid abnormalities. Following the canaliculostomy procedure all patients were symptomatically free from epiphora; however, in certain cases which were available, physiologic flow of tears through the new canalicular opening was documented by performing the Jones No 1 dye test with occlusion of the upper punctum with ointment. PMID- 6994010 TI - [Results of cytostatic therapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and DTIC (CYVADIC) in localized and metastasized osteosarcoma. A retrospective analysis]. AB - From December 1973 to november 1978, 31 patients with osteosarcoma were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and DTIC. 11 out of 19 patients with localized osteosarcoma are alive with no evidence of disease, 14+ to 40+ months after initiation of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. The probability of relapse-free survival for this group was calculated as 62% at 2 years and 48% at 3 years. Considering the 15 patients with osteosarcoma of the limbs relapse-free survival will be 79% at 2 years and 62% at 3 years. In 10 of 11 patients with no relapse the primary tumor has been located in the metaphysis of the proximal tibia or the distal femur. All patients with osteosarcoma of the trunk have died from metastases. Most of the 12 patients with metastasizing osteosarcoma died within one year after onset of chemotherapy. In none of these patients a complete remission could be achieved. For patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy results are comparable with those reported by other investigators. In patients with disseminated osteosarcoma alternative chemotherapy regimens including adriamycin, cis-dichloro-diammine platinum and ifosfamide may prove superior. In a pilot-study using vincristine adriamycin-DDP or ifosfamide-DDP response to chemotherapy was noted in 4 out of 7 patients with two continuing complete remissions for 13+ and 5 1/2+ months, respectively. PMID- 6994013 TI - A pigtail needle guide. PMID- 6994012 TI - The correction of telecanthus and epicanthal folds. AB - A modification of the trans-nasal wiring technique is described which provides a greater tightening of the canthal angles initially producing a greater reduction in the telecanthus and seems to eliminate late recurrence of the telecanthus. This procedure is described in conjunction with epicanthal fold repair when it occurs together with the telecanthus. The spicanthal fold repair technique involves excision of the epicanthal fold and together with abnormal subcutaneous tissue under the skin which is undermined. Meticulous skin closure of the skin edges together with compression of the skin at the base of the nose with the trans-nasal wires restores normal skin contour and canthal angle position at the base of the nose. The above technique is applied to congenital and post-traumatic deformities. PMID- 6994014 TI - Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis in a kidney transplant patient. AB - Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis is an uncommon but important pathologic entity with a rapidly fatal course if treatment is delayed. This is of particular interest to dentists, since many of the earliest clinical signs appear in the oral and perioral regions. Successful therapy demands early diagnosis by biopsy, institution of amphotericin B therapy, and surgical debridement. A case of nonfatal rhinomaxillary mucormycosis is presented, and all other reported cases in transplant patients are reviewed. PMID- 6994015 TI - A comparison of the marginal adaptation of retrograde techniques: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - An investigation of the most popular retrograde technique for their marginal adaptation to dentin was attempted. Forty extracted maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated, and various apical procedures were performed. The scanning electron microscope was used to record the results. Retrograde amalgam, heat-sealed gutta-percha, and the apicoectomy control showed average marginal defects from 22 micron to 104 micron, while cold-burnished gutta-percha exhibited an average defect of only 1.8 micron. The marginal defect produced by cold-burnished gutta-percha is less than one tenth as large as the best of the other techniques. PMID- 6994016 TI - Reticulum-cell sarcoma of the jaws. Report of two cases and comparison of incidence in Japan and other countries. AB - The two cases presented involved a sarcoma which may arise primarily in the gingivae and mandible. These sarcomas were treated with radiation and chemical antitumor agents. The primary lesions showed complete remission, but later there was rapid extension and metastasis to many vital organs. A review of the literature demonstrates the lesion's occurrence in the head and neck region in Japan and other countries. PMID- 6994017 TI - Panoral verrucous dysplasia. Report of a case treated with split-thickness skin graft. AB - The treatment of panoral verrucous dysplasia involving the maxillary edentulous alveolar ridge, buccal vestibule, and palate is discussed. A case is presented in which a maxillary vestibuloplasty and skin graft were employed in treatment. PMID- 6994019 TI - [Scoliosis characterized by mathematical modelling methods (a descriptive model of scoliotic deformation)]. PMID- 6994018 TI - A probable submandibular gland defect in a prehistoric mandible. AB - The mandible of a prehistoric male Indian, 35 to 40 years old at death, displays a probable bilateral submandibular gland defect. This defect is described, its incidence in prehistoric and modern populations is reviewed, and a possible genetic etiology is proposed. PMID- 6994020 TI - [Method of determining the true angle and plane of a tubular bone deformation]. PMID- 6994021 TI - Limits to life at low temperatures and at reduced water contents and water activities. AB - Liquid water is generally considered an absolute requisite for functional life; consequently, life is expected to function only over the range of temperatures that permit its existence. These limits, however, do not apply to cell survival. Some cells can survive the closest attainable approach to 0 K, and some can survive the loss of over 99% of their water. PMID- 6994023 TI - [35th anniversary of the Lublin Otolaryngological Clinic]. PMID- 6994022 TI - [In memory of Prof. Tadeusz Bardadin]. PMID- 6994024 TI - [Incidence of laryngeal cancer in the former Bydgoszcz district during the years 1955-1975. Analysis of various epidemiological factors]. PMID- 6994026 TI - [Osteoma of the paranasal sinuses treated at the Otolaryngological Clinic of the Medical Academy in Poznan during the years 1959-1978]. PMID- 6994025 TI - [In memory of Dr. Boleslaw Laszka]. PMID- 6994027 TI - [Indications for transtympanic neurectomy]. PMID- 6994028 TI - Alaryngeal speech and development of an internal tracheopharyngeal fistula. AB - Excellent speech can be produced by diverting expired pulmonary air to the pharynx through a tracheopharyngeal fistula. This study contributes basic information regarding the selection and fate of autogenous skin-lined tubes created for this purpose in a standardized fashion in pigs. Our specific objectives were to determine (1) the best cutaneous autograft for constructing a 6- to 7-cm skin-lined tube, (2) the airflow resistance of surviving skin-lined tubes, and (3) the effect of salivary contamination of the survival of tube grafts. PMID- 6994029 TI - A review of the use of Avitene in otolaryngologic surgery. PMID- 6994031 TI - [Recent advances in the cytogenetics of malignant hemopathies]. PMID- 6994030 TI - Postauricular mastoid cutaneous fistula: a method of closure. AB - A postauricular mastoid cutaneous fistula may be a complication of chronic ear disease or ear surgery or both. Simple closure is often unsuccessful because of the necrotic skin edges, and it may result in a larger fistula. This paper illustrates a method of closing a large postauricular mastoid cutaneous fistula. The steps include excising the fistula, everting the mastoid epithelium toward the external auditory meatus, covering the undersurface of the everted skin edges with an anteriorly based periosteal flap, covering the flap with bone pate, placing a free graft of abdominal fat, and closing the defect with a rotational skin flap. This technique closes the fistula and obliterates the mastoid cavity. PMID- 6994032 TI - [Communications presented at the Annual Seminar of the Foundation for Research in Hormonology. Thursday, 31 January 1980]. PMID- 6994033 TI - [Determination of urinary estriol-16 alpha-glucosiduronate by high performance liquid chromatography during pregnancy]. PMID- 6994034 TI - [Demonstration of reference methods for the determination of cortisol, estradiol 17 beta, progesterone and testosterone within the framework of intra- and inter laboratory quality control]. PMID- 6994035 TI - [On line calculation of steroid concentrations by radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6994036 TI - [Statistical approach in the comparison of 2 methods of determination]. PMID- 6994037 TI - [Reference values of steroids and protein hormones during pregnancy]. PMID- 6994038 TI - [Determination of steroids in the human spermatic vein in the basic state and after stimulation by hCG]. PMID- 6994039 TI - [Total plasma estriol throughout pregnancy]. PMID- 6994041 TI - [Effects of thyroidectomy on the limiting step of steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex and testis of the rat]. PMID- 6994040 TI - [Simultaneous variations of LH and testosterone in the first 6th months of life in normal boys]. PMID- 6994042 TI - [Somatomedin, transferrin and growth regulation in children]. PMID- 6994043 TI - [Changes in circulating estrogens during pregnancy and superfetation in hares (Lepus europaeus)]. PMID- 6994044 TI - [Plasma and tissue concentrations of progesterone and 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone in late pregnancy, and abnormal parturition in the female rat]. PMID- 6994045 TI - [Ovarian activity during the season of reproduction and during anestrus in the fox (Vulpes vulpes L.)]. PMID- 6994046 TI - [Effect of the administration of zinc on plasma testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in sterility caused by oligoasthenozoospermia]. PMID- 6994049 TI - [Detection of congenital hypothyroidism in 26,282 newborn infants]. PMID- 6994048 TI - [Mechanisms linked to the synthesis of steroids in the gonads during stimulation by gonadotropins: correlations between biological activities of various derivatives of luteinizing hormone (LH)]. PMID- 6994047 TI - [Biological action of estrogens and antiestrogens in the fetal uterus of the guinea pig: uterotrophic effect and action on progesterone receptors]. PMID- 6994050 TI - [Prediction of the moment of ovulation by rapid determination of plasma estradiol and LH]. PMID- 6994051 TI - [Hormonal profiles during the first trimester in pathological pregnancies]. PMID- 6994052 TI - [Stimulation of the human testis by hCG]. PMID- 6994053 TI - [Tetrahydroblopterin. Metabolism and metabolic role of unconjugated pteridines (author's transl)]. AB - During the past 5 years, increasing studies have been devoted to the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is the natural cofactor of the hydroxylases of aromatic aminoacids. This review describes some aspects of its metabolism, its involvement in the biosynthesis of related neurotransmitters. If search of further roles of tetrahydrobiopterin in human metabolism should be made, recent data lead to a new approach of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia classification and understanding. PMID- 6994054 TI - A quick and simple method for serum HDL determination permitting establishment of an atherogenic index. AB - The present report describes a simple method of differential flocculation for the various lipoproteins. The method, derived from Seidel, allows estimation of serum HDL (high density lipoproteins) as well as determination of the HDL divided by LDL + VLDL ratio. Using Technicon apparatus, total serum lipoprotein flocculation was measured with a dextran solution, and flocculation of LDL + VLDL (low and very low density lipoproteins) was determined with a heparinate solution. The difference between these two measurements reflected the serum HDL level. Results for several verification tests confirmed the method's reliability and showed it to correlate satisfactorily with other quantity determination techniques. PMID- 6994055 TI - [100th anniversary of the birth of F.A. Andreev]. PMID- 6994056 TI - [Contribution of A.I. Tal'iantsev to experimental study of the pathology of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6994057 TI - [Effect of various toxohormone preparations on the activity of aminopropanol dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase]. PMID- 6994059 TI - In vitro studies of so-called medulloblastomas. PMID- 6994060 TI - [Optical and ultrastructural diagnostic criteria in lymph-node reticulosarcomas]. PMID- 6994061 TI - [Analysis of the form and size of erythrocytes in healthy children and those with hereditary spherocytosis by the method of holographic interferometry]. PMID- 6994058 TI - [Elio Galizioli (1926-1979)]. PMID- 6994062 TI - [[Immunologic reactivity of newborn infants and young children in staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 6994064 TI - Owen's vertebral archetype and evolutionary genetics--a Platonic appreciation. PMID- 6994063 TI - Temperature: a critical factor determining localization and natural history of infectious, metabolic, and immunological diseases. PMID- 6994065 TI - [Hyperplasia and B-lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes and particles from bone marrow. Direct immunofluorescence study after inclusion in epoxy resin]. PMID- 6994066 TI - A mechanism of teratogenesis: experiments and ultrastructural investigations on the yolk sac placenta of the mouse. PMID- 6994067 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. II. Chemotherapy]. PMID- 6994068 TI - [Selected problems concerning the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms in the United States]. PMID- 6994069 TI - [National gift in memory of Maria Sklodowska-Curie]. PMID- 6994070 TI - [Serological diagnosis of cryptococcosis]. PMID- 6994071 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6994072 TI - The significance of quantitative stereologic experimental procedures in pathology. PMID- 6994074 TI - Application of morphometry to pathogenic trypanosomes (protozoa, mastigophora). PMID- 6994073 TI - The evaluation of large test fields for morphometric studies in electron microscopy. AB - The surface area of test fields required for morphometric evaluation of sectioned particles increases with the square of the mean particle diameter, but is inversely proportional to the volume fraction of the particles. A method is presented for an economical evaluation of large test fields. Factors giving rise to variation in the sampling procedure are analyzed. The volume fraction of autophagic vacuoles, for instance, shows a rather broad variation between animals, probably because of the short half-life of these particles. Other applications of the method include bile capillaries under different experimental conditions, and human biopsy specimens, e.g. liver tissue containing very few profiles resembling small peroxisomes in a case of Zellweger syndrome. PMID- 6994075 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of isolated cells: methods, models and applications. AB - Isolated cells constitute a favourable experimental model for the pathologist interested in ultrastructural morphometry. A particular advantage is that the same sampling regime may be appropriate for both normal and pathologically altered material. Often this is not the case with other model systems. This report reviews alternative methodologies for analysing isolated cells, including free cells and dissociated cells in culture. We begin by attempting to define problems of more general concern: preparative techniques, methods of sampling, selection of stereological parameters and possible sources of error. A generalised morphometric model for isolated cells is followed by descriptions of models devised for specific cell types, notably mononuclear phagocytes and cells of the lymphocyte family. Typical results obtained by stereological analyses of these models are presented. PMID- 6994076 TI - The application of morphometric methods to investigations of normal and pathological stratified squamous epithelium. PMID- 6994077 TI - Actual volume estimation of the paracortex in lymph nodes by morphometry. Significance of centrally placed sections. AB - Variation of paracortical size in lymph nodes has been demonstrated to be an important indicator of paracortical activation under chronic antigenic stimulation. This introduces a stereologic problem that can be solved by the analysis of serial sections. However in practical applications, a such procedure is too time consuming. Evidence is presented here that data from centrally placed, single sections in mice and guinea pigs may serve as a fairly good parameter for paracortical volume fractions when groups of lymph nodes are analyzed. However in predicting individual volume fractions, there is considerable risk of serious deviation from actual values. PMID- 6994079 TI - [Gastric sarcomas]. PMID- 6994080 TI - [Dr. Klemens Kirylowicz]. PMID- 6994078 TI - [Results of clinical use of surgical glue, Histoacryl N-Blau manufactured by Braun]. PMID- 6994081 TI - [Metabolism of ethanol in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994082 TI - [Vitamin K dependent blood clotting proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994084 TI - Cimetidine treatment for the prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcer: an international collaborative study. AB - Comparison of cimetidine and placebo in the prevention of recurrence of ulceration was carried out in the study of 696 patients with recently healed duodenal ulcers. Treatment with cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime or twice daily for up to 12 months very significantly reduced recurrence of symptomatic ulceration. Asymtomatic ulceration occurred in treated and untreated patients but was found significantly less often in cimetidine-treated patients. There were no serious untoward effects of cimetidine treatment. Only 3 patients (0.8%) were withdrawn for possible drug-related reasons. Evidence from other studies suggests that the natural history of duodenal ulcer remains unaltered when cimetidine treatment is stopped after one year. Investigations have been planned to study the efficacy and safety of longer periods of treatment. PMID- 6994085 TI - Plasma-protein binding of tricyclic antidepressants. AB - The tricyclic and related antidepressants are strongly bound to plasma proteins and interindividual differences in the free (unbound) fraction of drug may be important. However, there are serious methodological problems with the determination of protein-binding and misleading results may sometimes be obtained so the use of more than one technique is recommended. Other plasma proteins apart from albumin may be involved in the binding process and may be influenced by the presence of other disease states. The observed 4-fold interindividual differences in the binding of these drugs represents an additional source of variability in drug response, but are relatively less important than the 20- to 30-fold interindividual differences in total drug plasma concentrations that are commonly observed. PMID- 6994083 TI - [Structure of nucleosome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994086 TI - Hunger, food intake and weight: the impact of clomipramine on a refeeding anorexia nervosa population. AB - This double-blind controlled study examines the impact of clomipramine when taken by an anorexia nervosa population, refeeding in hospital, over and above that generated by the established treatment programme. Of the 16 patients studied, all reached their target weights including three who asked to leave the study. Clomipramine was significantly associated with increased hunger, appetite and energy intake. It tended, though, to be associated with a reduced rate of weight gain, possibly because activity was increased. Patients receiving clomipramine were more stable in their eating habits and maintained body weight better than those on placebo after leaving the trial. These findings indicate the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to changes in body weight. Clomipramine, which is known to act at a hypothalamic level, seems to influence hunger, appetite and dietary intake according to the body weight of the patient. The threshold weights which have been shown to trigger hypothalamic sexual responses, may also influence hunger, appetite, motility and voluntary energy intake. PMID- 6994087 TI - Salmonellae recovery following oral and intravenous inoculation of laying hens. AB - Eggs have gained a reputation as being a source of salmonellae. Given that some hens are exposed to salmonellae, it is important to determine what the risk might be to human health. White Leghorn hens were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, since this organism is often mentioned as being a common isolate from eggs and egg products. The hens were inoculated either orally or intravenously via the basalic vein of the wing. The oral inoculation of S. typhimurium did not result in contamination of the egg shells or contents (yolk and albumen) even though the organisms were eliminated with the feces. Intravenous injection did not lead to fecal shedding of salmonellae nor could the organism be isolated from the shell or the egg contents. PMID- 6994089 TI - [Antilymphocyte globulin as an immunodepressive agent in histocompatible allomyelografts]. PMID- 6994090 TI - [Autoimmune processes in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6994088 TI - Effect of nosiheptide as a feed additive in chicks on the quantity, duration, prevalence of excretion, and resistance to antibacterial agents of Salmonella typhimurium; on the proportion of Escherichia coli and other coliforms resistant to antibacterial agents; and on their degree and spectrum of resistance. AB - In the first experiment two groups (B and D) each of ten, 15-day-old chicks were fed for 33 days a diet supplemented with nosiheptide (20 g/t) and 2 groups (A and C) of 10 each a diet without medication. Groups A and B were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, var. copenhagen (variant resistant to nalidixic acid of the strain DVR 101) 5 days after treatment was started. At intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 21, and 28 days postinoculation the following data were collected: the number of salmonella excreted per gram of feces, their duration and prevalence of excretion, and the proportion of salmonella resistant to 9 antibacterial agents commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, as well as their degree and spectrum of resistance. In the second experiment two groups of 10 chicks each were fed either a basal diet (control group) or a diet supplemented with nosiheptide at 20 g/t (treated group). Immediately before and at the end of treatment, the proportions of fecal coliforms, particularly E. coli, which were resistant to 11 commonly used antibacterial agents, and their degree and spectrum of resistance were determined in the 2 groups of chicks. All the strains isolated before treatment started were E. coli sensitive to the 11 antibacterial agents. The strains isolated at the end of treatment were coliforms otherthan E. coli (40% in the control group, 32% in the treated group) and E. coli (60 and 68%, respectively). Coliforms other than E. coli were, as is usual, resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to the other antibacterial agents. The E. coli strains were either sensitive to all the antibacterial agents or resistant to tetracycline and furazolidone (51.8% in the control group, 34.1% in the treated group), or resistant to furazolidone alone (3.7% in the control group, 5.8% in the treated group). In both experiments these determinations showed no appreciable differences between treated and untreated chicks. PMID- 6994092 TI - [Diagnostic value of serological tests in urogenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6994091 TI - [Value of the immunological tests in the diagnosis of adverse effects of tuberculostatic therapy]. PMID- 6994093 TI - [Reconstructive operations in tuberculous gonitis with the use of bone auto- and osteo-cartilaginous allotransplants]. PMID- 6994094 TI - [Effect of D-penicillamine on experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 6994095 TI - [Blood serum alcohol dehydrogenase in pulmonary tuberculosis patients suffering from chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6994096 TI - [Significance of the tuberculin hemolysis reaction for evaluating the effectiveness of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment]. PMID- 6994097 TI - DNA synaptase: an enzyme that fuses DNA molecules at a region of homology. AB - This paper describes an enzyme from Escherichia coli, and its purification to apparent homogeneity. The protein, which we call "DNA synaptase" and which may be representative of a class of enzymes, fuses double-stranded DNA molecules at a region of homology. In addition, the purified enzyme is able to catalyze the association of single-stranded DNA with homologous duplex DNA. The genome fusion reaction catalyzed by the purified enzyme occurs in the presence of Mg2+, spermidine, and 2-mercaptoethanol and does not require a high-energy cofactor. By bringing two genomes together at a region of homology, DNA synaptase has a property expected for an enzyme that participates in an early step in genetic recombination. However, the synaptase can be recovered from Rec A- cells, and thus it is not yet possible to determine whether this enzyme plays a role in physiological recombination or in another cellular process that involves genome fusion, such as the recombinational repair of damaged DNA. PMID- 6994098 TI - Structural studies of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli: evidence for multiple methylation sites. AB - Two-dimensional analysis of tryptic peptides from [35S]methionine-labeled methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins, MCP I and MCP II, demonstrates a high degree of homology between the two proteins. After the methylation sites were labeled with S-adenosyl-L-methyl-3H]methionine, peptides of three distinct migrations in each protein were found to carry a methyl group. These multiple methylations appear to be responsible in part for the observed multiple banding patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide slab gels. PMID- 6994099 TI - Structure of a split yeast gene: complete nucleotide sequence of the actin gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the actin gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. The coding region is interrupted by a 304-base-pair intervening sequence that is located within the triplet coding for amino acid 4. DNA sequences of the intron-exon junctions are similar to those found in higher eukaryotes and can be aligned such that the intron starts with the dinucleotide 5'-G-T-3' and ends with 5'-A-G-3'. Regions fo homology within the sequences upstream from the initiation codon and those following the termination codon have been detected between the yeast iso-1-cytochrome c gene and the actin gene. As deduced from the nucleotide sequence, yeast actin has 374 amino acid residues. Its primary structure, especially the NH2-terminal third of the protein, is highly conserved during evolution. PMID- 6994100 TI - Electron transport to nitrogenase in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Cell-free extracts of nifF and nifJ mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae are unable to couple acetylene reduction (N2 fixation) by nitrogenase to the oxidation of organic metabolites. However, nifF and nifJ mutants can complement each other in vitro to establish the coupling. This indicates that the products of the nifF and nifJ genes constitute essential elements of the physiological electron pathway to nitrogenase. The electron-transfer-active product of the nifF gene, a flavoprotein, has been purified. PMID- 6994101 TI - Transcription and processing of a yeast tRNA gene containing a modified intervening sequence. AB - The tRNA(3) (Leu) gene from yeast contains an intervening sequence of 32 nucleotides not present in mature tRNA. This sequence is transcribed and subsequently removed during the maturation of the RNA. To probe the involvement of this region of the gene in transcription and processing of the pre-tRNA(3) (Leu), the yeast DNA was cloned in plasmid pBR322 and a 21-base-pair DNA fragment corresponding to the lac operator was inserted into the intervening sequence. Insertion was done at a cleavage site for the restriction endonuclease Hpa I that occurs 19/20 base pairs from the 5' end of the intervening sequence. The parent and modified plasmids were then transcribed in a Xenopus germinal vesicle extract. RNA-fingerprint analysis of the transcription products revealed that both the tRNA(3) (Leu) gene and its modified counterpart were accurately transcribed. Transcription products corresponding to mature tRNA(3) (Leu) and pre RNA(3) (Leu) with the normal and lac-containing intervening sequence were identified. Precursors extended at their 5' and 3' ends were also present. Both parent and modified genes were transcribed efficiently, and the various products accumulated in similar amounts, indicating that no deleterious effects on transcriptional competence, stability of the transcripts, or processing result from insertion of the 21-base-pair lac operator DNA. Incubation of pre-tRNA molecules that contained intervening sequences but were 5' and 3' mature with a yeast ribosomal wash fraction resulted in excision of the intervening sequence and, in the presence of ATP, ligation of the resulting half-tRNA molecules. The presence of RNA complementary to lac operator DNA neither inhibited the excision and splicing activities nor altered the site of the junction. PMID- 6994102 TI - Autogenous control of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L10 synthesis in vitro. AB - The DNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L10 was inhibited when L10 was added to the protein-synthesizing incubations. Addition of L10 had little or no effect on the synthesis of ribosomal protein L12, elongation factor Tu (tufB), or the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase. In addition, ribosomal protein L12 did not inhibit its own synthesis or the synthesis of L10. Experiments using a mRNA-directed system showed that the inhibition of the synthesis of L10 by itself is at the level of translation of protein synthesis. The mechanism of inhibition does not appear to be due to increased degradation of L10 mRNA. PMID- 6994104 TI - Functional domain structure of fibronectin. AB - Structural domains of fibronectin (FN) and their ability to associate with cell surface components have been systematically investigated. Plasma FN was cleaved into three structural domains (Mr 150,000-140,000, 40,000, and 32,000) by sequential digestion with trypsin and thermolysin. A single digestion with thermolysin alone generated Mr 150,000-140,000, 40,000, and smaller fragments. With the inclusion of thermolysin, but not with other proteases, one can, with a high yield dissect FN simultaneously into three clearly distinctive functional domains. Of three major fragments only the Mr 40,000 fragment bound to a gelatin column; this fragment contained essentially all of the carbohydrates present in the original FN. In contrast, heparin-binding sites were localized on both the Mr 150,000-140,000 and 32,000 fragments but not on the Mr 40,000 fragment. Only the Mr 150,000-140,000 fragments and intact FN promoted cell spreading, whereas the Mr 40,000 and 32,000 fragments could induce cell attachment but failed to promote cell spreading. These results indicate that FN is composed of (at least) three structural domains that are functionally distinct from each other. PMID- 6994103 TI - Homologous pairing in genetic recombination: formation of D loops by combined action of recA protein and a helix-destabilizing protein. AB - Escherichia coli single-strand binding protein (SSB) or phage T4 gene 32 protein reduced the amount of recA protein required to catalyze the formation of D loops from double-stranded DNA and homologous single-stranded fragments. Neither SSB nor gene 32 protein alone catalyzed the formation of D loops, and excessive amounts of either protein, amounts that were sufficient to saturate the single strands, inhibited the formation of D loops completely. Both the stimulatory activity and the inhibitory activity of SSB resisted boiling, which is consistent with the known thermal stability of SSB, whereas the gene 32 protein was inactivated by heating. The formation of D loops in the presence of both recA protein and SSB required homologous DNA and ATP. Spermidine aided the combined action of SSB and recA protein in forming D loops, but Mg2+ alone was sufficient as a counterion. PMID- 6994105 TI - Density-dependent stimulation and inhibition of cell growth by agents that disrupt microtubules. AB - We have previously reported that agents that disrupt microtubules, such as colchicine, inhibit the growth stimulation of lymphocytes and arrested fibroblasts; other workers have recently reported enhanced stimulation of fibroblasts in the presence of the same drugs. In the present studies, we resolve this conflict by demonstrating that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of microtubule disruption depend upon the density and the cell type of the treated cultures. Our analysis included an examination of three variables: (i) cell density (sparse or confluent), (ii) cell type (resting fibroblasts from mouse or chicken embryos or from the permanent 3T3 mouse fibroblast line), and (iii) treatment with colchicine and related drugs in the presence or absence of various mitogens such as serum, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. We found that colchicine augmented mitogenesis in confluent cultures of all cell types. Colchicine by itself appeared to be mitogenic only for confluent chicken embryo fibroblasts. In sparse cultures with minimal cell-cell contacts, however, there were differences between embryonic cells and the 3T3 cell line. In confirmation of our previous reports, disruption of microtubules by colchicine inhibited the mitogenic stimulation of sparse cultures of embryonic chicken or mouse fibroblasts. In contrast, fibroblasts of the permanent 3T3 line in sparse cultures were stimulated by some mitogens despite the presence of colchicine. The augmentative effects of colchicine on the stimulation of confluent cultures were synergistic with the mitogens, and colchicine allowed response to otherwise submitogenic doses of growth factors. Kinetic studies indicated that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of colchicine are separable and that both can operate simultaneously. The experiments suggest that the regulation of growth by nutrient deprivation and the regulation by density dependence proceed at least in part by different mechanisms. All of the results suggest that microtubular integrity can be associated with the expression of either negative or positive controls on cell growth, depending upon the confluence or lineage of the cells in culture. PMID- 6994106 TI - Calmodulin localization in mammalian spermatozoa. AB - The location of calmodulin in rabbit and guinea pig spermatozoa was determined by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Spermatozoa that had not undergone the acrosome reaction exhibited four distinct regions of calmodulin-specific immunofluorescence: around the acrosome, in a band across the lower third of the head, and in two localized areas at the base and tip of the flagellum. In contrast, after the acrosome reaction, although other features of calmodulin distribution remained the same, the fluorescence associated with the anterior half of the head was notably absent. Instead, fluorescence was associated with the membranes that had separated from the sperm head. These findings suggest a potential role for calmodulin in the Ca2+-dependent control of sperm activation, in sperm-egg fusion, and in microtubule disassembly processes in the flagellum. PMID- 6994108 TI - Embryonic cell recognition: cellular and molecular aspects. PMID- 6994107 TI - Modulation of the insulin receptor by insulin receptor autoantibodies. PMID- 6994109 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 6994111 TI - Anti-allotype antibody response in mice: expression of a cross-reactive idiotype and its regulation by auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies in maternally allotype suppressed F1 hybrids. AB - Anti-IgGb2a allotype antibodies produced by various responder strains of mice expressed a cross-reactive idiotype. This cross-reactive idiotype was evidenced with BAB. 14 and CXBI anti-idiotypic sera raised following immunization with affinity chromatography purified BALB/c anti-CBPC 101 (IgGb2a) antibodies originating from a single BALB/c mouse. F1 hybrids of BALB/c X C.B20 parents, which have been maternally suppressed for IgGb2a allotype as a result of immunization with CBPC 101, produced anti-allotype antibodies lacking cross reactive idiotype. Furthermore, these mice produced auto-antibodies directed at the IdX of anti-IgGb2a allotypic antibodies. PMID- 6994110 TI - Studies of genetic control and microheterogeneity of an idiotype associated with anti-P-azophenylarsonate antibodies of A/J mice. PMID- 6994112 TI - Indications for an internal regulation in the immune system. PMID- 6994113 TI - Immunological memory: cell selection. PMID- 6994114 TI - Mouse T cell clones having defined immunological functions. PMID- 6994116 TI - Antigen-specific receptor molecules isolated from murine T lymphocytes. AB - Hapten-specific receptor material can be isolated from sensitized murine T and B lymphocytes by the use of hapten-coupled nylon discs. The structural element shared between T and B cell receptors is the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains (VH), while known constant immunoglobulin domains appear not to be part of the T cell receptor molecule. The rules governing VH expression (i.e. NPb idiotype expression) in the B and the T cell compartments are, however, different. Allotype-linked VH (idiotype) expression on T cell molecules was used in genetic reconstitution experiments to prove that the material under study is an endogenous T cell product. With the data available it seems reasonable to view the T cell molecules as representing surface receptors for antigen although this point needs further investigation. PMID- 6994115 TI - Antigen-binding myeloma cells: monoclonal models of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6994117 TI - Idiotypic network: the MOPC 460 system. AB - The results presented in this communication show very clearly that the mice with IghCa haplotype can produce anti-TNP antibodies from which a fraction share the idiotypic determinants expressed on M460 myeloma protein. Nevertheless the gene(s) which encode(s) this specificity, is present in the repertoire of strains of mice which have not this haplotype. As in DBA/2 mice this silent clone(s) can be stimulated by an appropriate immunological manipulation and their progeny even can be frozen in hybridomas. The expression of 460 Id positive anti-TNP antibody forming cells is regulated by T cells in BALB/c mice. These T cells are specific for 460 Id and share the idiotypic determinants of anti-460 Id antibodies since they were not found in BALB/c mice with an Ab3 type of response. PMID- 6994118 TI - Function of surface immunoglobulin on murine B cells. PMID- 6994119 TI - Intrapartum fetal acid-base balance. PMID- 6994120 TI - Stress and nonstress antepartum monitoring. PMID- 6994121 TI - Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy. PMID- 6994122 TI - Progress in perinatal medicine. PMID- 6994123 TI - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis: a mini-review. PMID- 6994125 TI - The use of antibiotics in perinatal infections. PMID- 6994124 TI - Teratogenic effects of ionizing radiations and ultrasound. PMID- 6994126 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in the aged subject]. PMID- 6994127 TI - Facilitation of copulatory performance in male rats by naloxone: effects of hypophysectomy, 17 alpha-estradiol, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - Three experiments were performed to explore the mechanism whereby systemic administration of the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) causes reductions in the frequency of intromissions preceding ejaculation and latency to ejaculation in sexually experienced male rats. Administration of naloxone to male rats which were hypophysectomized in addition to being castrated and implanted SC with 30 mm silastic capsules containing testosterone caused such behavioral changes, suggesting that these behavioral effects of naloxone do not result from interference with the binding of endophin of pituitary origin. Surprisingly, a significant facilitatory effect of naloxone on sexual performance was absent in castrated controls bearing 30 mm testosterone implants. Recent evidence suggests that 17 alpha-hydroxylated estrogens, which may be produced in gonadally intact males, possess appreciable affinity for opioid receptors. However, daily administration of 17 alpha-estradiol (50 micrograms) to castrated, testosterone-implanted males failed to make them as behaviorally responsive to naloxone as gonadally intact animals. Administration of LHRH (1 microgram given SC 1.5 hr prior to testing) caused a significant reduction in ejaculation latency in gonadally intact males but not in castrated males bearing 30 mm testosterone implants. It is suggested that the facilitatory effect of naloxone on masculine sexual performance results, in part, from a drug-induced release of LHRH. PMID- 6994128 TI - Prostacyclin reversal of aspirin and indomethacin effects on blood pressure responses to norepinephrine. PMID- 6994129 TI - Angiotensin-induced release of prostacyclin from perfused organs. PMID- 6994130 TI - Monoaminergic regulation of LHRH in the organon vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT). PMID- 6994131 TI - Uptake of catecholamines by storage vesicles. PMID- 6994132 TI - Neuronal transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6994133 TI - High-affinity transport of choline in neuronal tissue. PMID- 6994135 TI - Neuronal transport of noradrenaline and dopamine. PMID- 6994134 TI - A model for GABA and glutamic acid transport by cortical synaptosomes. PMID- 6994136 TI - Extraneuronal transport of catecholamines. PMID- 6994138 TI - Physiology and pharmacology of copper. PMID- 6994137 TI - Metabolism of insecticides by reductive systems. PMID- 6994139 TI - Exposure to insecticides. PMID- 6994140 TI - Effects of drugs and hormones on lung maturation in experimental animal and man. PMID- 6994141 TI - Antiarrhythmic agents and their use in therapy. PMID- 6994142 TI - The role of pyrimidine dimers and non-dimer damage in the inactivation of Escherichia coli by UV radiation. PMID- 6994143 TI - Law of separation of function of the spinal roots. PMID- 6994144 TI - Effect of social rank on the growth of the preputial glands in male bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus. PMID- 6994145 TI - The correction of microtia with autogenous cartilage grafts: II. Atypical and complex deformities. AB - Microtia encompasses a diverse variety of derformities whose correction must be considered individually. In part I, the classic form of microtia is described. In this article, an overview of complex microtic problems is presented and various techniques to facilitate their management are proposed. PMID- 6994146 TI - A new microinstrument: the cutting microneedle holder. AB - A cutting needleholder has been designed for microsurgery. After a little practice, the surgeon will find that the advantages of this instrument outweigh some disadvantages. PMID- 6994147 TI - Reconstruction of the female breast following mastectomy. PMID- 6994148 TI - "Apple coring" the nipple in subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 6994149 TI - Resection of the prominent lateral fat pad during upper lid blepharoplasty. PMID- 6994150 TI - The donor site of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. PMID- 6994151 TI - Nailplasty utilizing a free composite graft from the helical rim of the ear. AB - A method of reconstruction of the nail and nail plate matrix and cuticle complex utilizing a free composite auricular graft from the helical rim is described. The advantages of the procedure are (1) good cosmetic results in most, (2) psychological improvement after the reconstruction, and (3) minimal donor deformity. PMID- 6994152 TI - Etiological considerations in Gordon's syndrome: possible role of prostaglandins. AB - The syndrome of hypertension, low plasma renin and aldosterone and hyperchloraemic acidosis (Gordon's syndrome) may be caused by a switch in the intrarenal synthesis of prostaglandins from PGE2 to PGF2 which results in changes in the renin-angiotensin and in the kallikrein-kinin systems. The role of excess reabsorption of sodium chloride and hypersensitivity of the vasculature to angiotensin II in the genesis of the high blood pressure and of the other metabolic disturbances is discussed. PMID- 6994153 TI - Correction of increased prostacyclin synthesis in Bartter's syndrome by indomethacin treatment. AB - The role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome was investigated by measurement of the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, respectively, in five patients. The prostaglandin metabolites were extracted from urine by a reproducible method and measured by specific radioimmunoassays. The patients with Bartter's syndrome excreted about four-times as much 6-keto-PGF1 alpha as the normal controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the urinary excretion of thromboxane B2 between the patients and the controls. In a second part of the study, three patients were treated with indomethacin (150 mg/day for four days), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. This regimen suppressed urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by 43% and that of thromboxane B2 by 46%. It is suggested that the increase in prostacyclin production is responsible for both the hyperreninemia and and the other endocrine derangements as well as the hyporesponsiveness of blood pressure to intravenous infusion of vasopressors in patients with Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 6994154 TI - Prostacyclin has effects on proximal and distal tubular function in the dog. AB - The effect of prostacyclin (PGI2), the major metabolite of arachidonic acid in arterial and venous tissue, on renal function was studied in hypophysectomized dogs under conditions of a maximum water diuresis. PGI2 (0.04 microgram/kg/min) significantly increased urine flow and urinary sodium and potassium excretion without affecting glomerular filtration rate. In addition, PGI2 significantly increased free water clearance and distal delivery of sodium and inhibited distal fractional reabsorption of glomerular filtrate. This suggests an effect of PGI2 on proximal as well as distal segments of the nephron. PGI2 is about 10 times more potent than PGE2 with regard to natriuresis and diuresis when studied under identical conditions. Thus, PGI2 may be the major prostaglandin involved in salt and water excretion. PMID- 6994155 TI - The synthesis of prostaglandins by bovine cerebral microvessels. AB - Bovine cerebral microvessels (arterioles and capillaries) synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2, measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha), PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and thromboxane A2 (measured as TXB2) when incubated in glucose-bicarbonate buffer for 30 minutes. Rapid freezing and thawing decreased the subsequent synthesis of 6-keto PGF1 alpha by cerebral microvessels and raised the basal levels of this metabolite within the incubation medium. At low concentrations, the addition of arachidonic acid (0.16 microM) did not stimulate prostacyclin or prostaglandin production; at higher concentrations (16 microM), the synthesis of PGI2 and PGF2 alpha was inhibited. Activation of lipase by the peptide melittin stimulated the synthesis of all arachidonic acid metabolites to the same extent. Thus cerebral microvessels deacylate cellular lipids and metabolize endogenous arachidonic acid to form prostaglandins, prostacyclin and related compounds as previously demonstrated in larger blood vessels. The synthesis and release of these molecules may be important for modulating the tone and reactivity of small blood vessels within the brain. PMID- 6994156 TI - Quantitation by bioassay of mixtures of prostaglandins E2 and I2. AB - A bioassay method is described for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of small amounts of prostaglandins E2 and I2. Strips of rabbit coeliac and bovine coronary arteries were suspended within a common chamber surrounded by a heated water bath. The tissues were coupled individually to transducers to record their length. Using a superfusion flow rate of 2.0 ml/min the rabbit coeliac and bovine coronary arterial strips responded in a highly reproducible manner to threshold doses of 0.1 ng PGE2 and 1.0 ng PGI2, respectively. This technique is more sensitive than the conventional bioassay methods to quantify and differentiate between prostaglandins. PMID- 6994157 TI - Beneficial actions of imidazole in endotoxin shock. AB - The effects of imidazole were studied in anesthetized cats during endotoxin shock. Imidazole (25 mg/hg/hr) was administered 30 minutes after intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg). The degree of the severity of the shock state was assessed by mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and by plasma cathepsin D and MDF activities. Analysis of thromboxane B2 concentrations during shock was also performed by radioimmunoassay. Administration of imidazole to cats given endotoxin partially prevented the decrease in MABP of endotoxin shock. Imidazole significantly prevented the increase in plasma cathepsin D and MDF activities. Thus, infusion of imidazole resulted in metabolic and hemodynamic improvement during endotoxin shock. The mechanism of imidazole protection appears to be via lysosomal membrane stabilization, stimulation of cardiac function and possibly by antagonizing the biochemical effects of endotoxin administration, rather than by inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Data obtained using imidazole to block thromboxane synthesis in shock states must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 6994158 TI - Hypothesis: prostaglandins mediate defective glucose recognition in diabetes mellitus. AB - The glucoreceptor hypothesis proposes that diabetics have a selective defect in both pancreatic and extra-pancreatic tissues in the recognition of, and hormonal responses to glucose. Many of these defective or even paradoxical responses to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can be mimicked by known actions of prostaglandins, particularly PGE, in normal subjects. Inhibition of PGE synthesis in diabetics partially reverses several abnormal responses. We propose that excessive production of, or sensitivity to, prostaglandins may play a role in some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with defective glucose recognition in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6994159 TI - Influence of pH on the prostacyclin (PGI2) mediated inhibition of platelet function. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) stimulates platelet adenylate cyclase, elevates intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and blocks the response to aggregating agents. It is rapidly hydrolyzed (T 1/2-5 min) to 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha at acid or neutral pH. As a result, platelets incubated with PGI2 will recover spontaneously and respond to aggregating agents within 15--60 min, depending on the initial PGI2 concentration. In the present study we have evaluated the influence of temperature and pH on the stability of PGI2 and its effects on platelet function. PGI1 in Tris buffer was stabilized at several pH levels and stored at 37 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 4 degrees C. Inhibitory influence in platelet function was lost rapidly at pH 7.2--7.4, lasted several hours at pH 7.8 and was retained indefinitely at pH 7.8 and was retained indefinitely at pH 8 or above. PGI2 (2.8 nM) completely inhibited the response to arachidonic acid for 15 min. at pH 7.4, for at least 1 hour at pH 7.8 and showed no reversal of inhibition after 48 hours at pH 8. However, PGI2 inhibited samples at pH 8 completely recovered their sensitivity to arachidonic acid when the pH was reduced to 7.4. These findings indicate that the biological activity of PGI2, though labile at neutral pH, is stable at pH 8 and can inhibit, cAMP mediated platelet functions for at least 48 hours. Because of its pH dependence, PGI2 may be a useful agent for prolonging the sensitivity of stored platelets. PMID- 6994162 TI - Brain protein carboxymethylases and schizophrenia. PMID- 6994161 TI - Behavioral effects after systemic injection of opiate peptides. PMID- 6994160 TI - Steroid hormones and the brain: cellular mechanisms underlying neural and behavioral plasticity. PMID- 6994163 TI - The psychoneuroendocrinology of the ovulatory cycle of woman: a review. PMID- 6994164 TI - Behavior therapy for psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 6994165 TI - Psychiatric considerations in renal transplant surgery. PMID- 6994166 TI - Body image changes in hemodialysis and renal transplant. PMID- 6994167 TI - In vitro gamma irradiation of DNA: identification of radioinduced chemical modifications of the adenine moiety. PMID- 6994168 TI - Radiofrequency radiation alters the immune system. II. Modulation in vivo lymphocyte circulation. PMID- 6994169 TI - [Complications of angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Report on complications on review of 2163 angiographic examinations-with comparison to these reported in the literature-with the resulting finding that there is no difference. The problems occuring in comparing individual data in this regard are pointed out. PMID- 6994170 TI - Sudden death--definition and epidemiologic considerations. PMID- 6994172 TI - The pathogenesis of pulmonary edema. PMID- 6994171 TI - Clinical significance of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with and without coronary artery disease. PMID- 6994173 TI - [Renal excretion of I-131 labeled albumin in insulin dependent diabetic patients]. PMID- 6994175 TI - [Infection by Listeria monocytogenes after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6994174 TI - [Clinical test of cefazedon (EMD 30 087) in complicated urinary infections (1)]. PMID- 6994176 TI - [Constrictive uremic pericarditis]. PMID- 6994177 TI - [Review of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and current comments on its etiopathogenesis]. PMID- 6994178 TI - Isolation and properties of Salmonella typhimurium mutants defective in enolase. AB - Mutants defective in enolase have been isolated and characterized in Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, and their properties of growth have been studied in different carbon sources. They do not grow in a mixture of phosphoenolpyruvate and 3 phosphoglycerate, thereby not furnishing any information as to how isolated mutants defective in phosphoglyceromutase. The difference between the concentrations of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate inside the cells of the mutants when they are exposed to glucose or glycerol suggests that the 3PGA in equilibrium 2PGA reaction catalysed by phosphoglycertomutase in vivo is not in equilibrium. The transduction experiments for the genetic mapping of the gene affected show that eno becomes by minute 92 the chromosome of S. typhimurium. PMID- 6994179 TI - "Big big" gastrin release by the isolated islets of Langerhans incubated in vitro. AB - The immunoreactive form of gastrin released by the islets and some of the characteristics of this release have been studied. This gastrin released by the islets in the present experiments corresponds to what has been named "Big Big" gastrin in serum of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, in normal human serum and in extracts of proximal jejunum. Most of the "Big Big" gastrin released from the islets corresponds to spontaneous release. PMID- 6994180 TI - [Acid proteinase of chicken liver. Purification and properties (author's transl)]. AB - A method for purifying the haemoglobinolitic activity to acid pH in chicken liver is described. The purified preparation contains cathespin D activity since it is inhibited by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methylester in the presence of cupric ions, while thiol-enzyme reagents do not affect it. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 40,000--45,000 and the pH optimum against haemoglobin and bovine serum albumin is 3.5-3.7. The rate of degradation of albumin and casein is much less than that of haemoglobin. Cathepsin D preparations with different purification degrees, exhibit a similar percentage of activation at acid pH; the highest activation is observed at pH 3.1-3.3. PMID- 6994181 TI - The psychology of spinal cord injury: patient-staff interaction. PMID- 6994182 TI - The research quarterly and its antecedents. PMID- 6994183 TI - The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin-treatment on the cardiovascular system of the rat. AB - In this study the cardiovascular effects of diabetes consisted of a decrease in the heart rate 6 days and in the blood pressure 7 weeks after the induction of streptozotocin-diabetes in rats. The diabetes-induced decrease in heart rate was reversed within 4 days after the institution of insulin-treatment, which also prevented the fall in blood pressure. Maximal KC1 (70 mM) and phenylephrine (10( 4)M)-induced contractures in aortae from diabetic rats were 57 and 48%, respectively, of those from control animals, while tissues from insulin-treated diabetic rats did not differ from controls. Theophylline (10(-2)M)-induced relaxation of the phenylephrine contracture in diabetic tissues was less than in control aortae while relaxation of the K-contracture was greater in control than in diabetic tissues. Insulin-treatment reversed the effects of diabetes on theophylline-induced relaxation of the KC1, but not the phenylephrine contracture. These findings indicate that insulin-treatment will either prevent or reverse diabetes-induced decreases in blood pressure, heart rate and vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine and CK1. PMID- 6994185 TI - Electrical behavior of cardiac muscle in abnormal conditions. PMID- 6994184 TI - Relationship between plasma renin activity and hypotensive effect of captopril in dogs. AB - The ability of captopril (SQ-14225), an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, to reduce blood pressure in dogs anesthetized with either pentobarbital sodium or a combination of morphine plus chloralose was studied over a sixty minute period. In addition, since both of these anesthetic agents cause an increase in the plasma renin activity of these animals, the drug was used to further investigate whether the hypotensive action of this drug is dependent on the level of plasma renin activity. Captopril produced significant but similar decreases in blood pressure of both the anesthetized groups, even though the blood pressure of the morphine-chloralose dogs was significantly lower than that of the pentobarbital animals. Further, the hypotensive action of captopril was not related to the level of plasma renin activity, since the morphine-chloralose dogs had a significantly higher plasma renin activity. It is concluded that the magnitude of blood pressure reduction following the administration of captopril is not related to the level of blood pressure and the pre-drug plasma renin activity and hitherto unexplained mechanisms in addition to the converting enzyme inhibition may be involved in the hypotensive action of this drug. PMID- 6994187 TI - Inhibition of protein degradation in the energy-poor heart. AB - Hypoxia and anoxia were induced in isolated perfused rat hearts by reduction of perfusate oxygen. Ischemia was produced by restricting coronary flow in hearts working against high resistance. Protein degradation, estimated from release of phenylalanine into the perfusate in the presence of cycloheximide, was inhibited in both anoxic and ischemia as compared to aerobic hearts. The effect of ischemia was greater than that of anoxia. A similar inhibitory effect was observed in energy-poor hearts when insulin was present in the perfusate. Other experiments indicated that the effects of energy depletion were exerted at a step early in the degradative pathway, since peptide products of partial proteolysis did not accumulate. A graded reduction in perfusate oxygen tension (hypoxia) led to a significant inhibition of proteolysis with unaltered tissue levels of nucleotides and creatine phosphate. Protein degradation was inhibited in aerobic and anoxic hearts exposed to increasing extracellular levels of hydrogen ions and lactate, suggesting that reduced proteolysis in hearts that are provided limited oxygen may result from accumulation of metabolites as well as from energy depletion per se. PMID- 6994186 TI - New approaches in the management of heart failure. PMID- 6994188 TI - [Present status and problems about clinical applications of circulatory assist devices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994189 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Hiroshi Sasamoto]. PMID- 6994190 TI - The buffer value of weak acids and bases: origin of the concept, and first mathematical derivation and application to physico-chemical systems. The work of M. Koppel and K. Spiro (1914). AB - A translation is offered of a paper by M. Koppel and K. Spiro, published in 1914, and entitled: 'On the action of moderators (buffers) in the shift of the acid base equilibrium of biological fluids'. In this work, which appeared in Vol. 65 of the Biochemische Zeitschrift, the authors introduced the modern concept of buffer value and, for the first time, quantified the buffering power of weak acids and bases, ampholytes, dibasic acids, and mixtures of buffers. The circumstances that surround the eclipse of this trailblazing research have been critically examined, and biographical details have been provided. PMID- 6994192 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the thermal procedure of polymerization of acrylic dental prostheses]. PMID- 6994191 TI - [Benzbromarone in the treatment of gout]. PMID- 6994194 TI - [The action of thromboxanes and prostacyclins on platelet function]. PMID- 6994193 TI - [History of a 200-year-old pharmacy, the "Druggist's Shop of the Neamt Monastery"]. PMID- 6994195 TI - [Possibilities and place of bacteriological examinations in the diagnosis of neonatal infections of the urinary tract]. PMID- 6994196 TI - [Dr. Elena Tudor (1923--1980)]. PMID- 6994198 TI - [French Neurology Society. List of members (1980)]. PMID- 6994197 TI - [Prostaglandins and their role in cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 6994199 TI - Degradation of microorganisms by phagocytic cells. PMID- 6994200 TI - Classics in infectious diseases: on the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae by Alexander Fleming, Reprinted from the British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10:226-236, 1929. PMID- 6994201 TI - Fleming's discovery. PMID- 6994202 TI - The role of viral glycoproteins in adsorption, penetration, and pathogenicity of viruses. PMID- 6994203 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to viral glycoproteins. PMID- 6994205 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography for quantitation of antimicrobial agents. AB - Several methods are currently available for quantitation of antimicrobial drugs in serum and body fluids, e.g., microbiological, radioenzymatic, and radioimmune assays. Recently, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been implemented for quantitation of a variety of drugs, including antimicrobial drugs. The general principles of chromatography, particularly in reference to HPLC, are reviewed. The methods and procedures for extraction, separation, detection, and quantitation of antimicrobial drugs by HPLC are discussed. Current HPLC techniques for measuring antimicrobial drugs in biological fluids are also summarized. PMID- 6994206 TI - Sisomicin: a review of eight years' experience. AB - Sisomicin is a new broad-spectrum aminoglycoside most closely related structurally to gentamicin C1a. In vitro and in experimental infections, sisomicin has been found to be more potent than or nearly as potent as the most active of the other available aminoglycosides. Although susceptible to many (but not all) aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, sisomicin is active against many microorganisms that are resistant to other aminoglycosides by nonenzymatic mechanisms. Sisomicin has been shown to interact synergistically with various beta-lactam antibiotics against enterococci, staphylocicci, Enterobacteriaceae, and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of sisomicin in humans appear to be similar to those of gentamicin, despite earlier reports of greater acute toxicity in animals. Sisomicin has been shown to be effective for treatment of severe infections in humans, including some infections caused by gentamicin-resistant bacteria. PMID- 6994207 TI - Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States. I. Live virus vaccine associated and wild poliovirus disease. AB - The patterns of incidence of poliovirus disease in the United States are analyzed. A category of live poliovirus vaccine-associated paralysis is defined that includes those cases associated with vaccine virus but with no known history of exposure to the vaccine (indirect community contact). Domestically arising wild poliovirus disease has essentially been eradicated from the United States, whereas the incidence of vaccine-associated disease has been constant at approximately nine cases per year. The age distribution of vaccine-associated disease reflects patterns ofuse of the vaccine rather than intrinsic differences in susceptibility believed to be associated with age. Eighty-eight percent of vaccine-associated cases of poliomyelitis occur in individuals with a normal immune system. PMID- 6994204 TI - Viral glycoproteins in infectious disease processes. PMID- 6994209 TI - Neutrophil kinetics and the regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6994210 TI - Leukocyte locomotion and chemotaxis: effects of bacteria and viruses. PMID- 6994211 TI - Classics in infectious diseases. On the epidemiology of Heine-Medin's disease. Reprinted from Acute Poliomyelitis (Heine-Medin's disease), Chapter VIII, by Ivar Wickman, Trans. J. W. J. Maloney. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, New York, 1913. PMID- 6994212 TI - Psychiatry in Rhode Island: 1725-1980. PMID- 6994208 TI - Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States. III. Poliovaccines--practical considerations. AB - Practical considerations for the choice of poliomyelitis vaccine in the United States are discussed. Both killed and live poliovirus vaccines protect against paralysis. They provide equivalent duration of immunity in individuals, equivalent protection against spread of poliovirus in communities, and equally rapid protection during epidemic outbreaks of poliomyelitis. The principal differences between these vaccines are the transmission of live vaccine viruses from recipieits to their contacts and the occurrence of occasional cases of paralytic poliomyelitis associated with use of live poliovirus vaccine. Risks and benefits of "spreading immunity" by person-to-person transmission of live vaccine viruses are presented. Suggestions for reducing the incidence of live virus vaccine-associated disease are discussed. The level of protection against poliomyelitis that has been achieved in the general population of the United States has resulted in the virtual eradication of disease due to wild polioviruses. Routine use of killed poliovirus vaccine may eradicate all domestically arising poliomyelitis, both vaccine-associated and wild poliovirus disease, and may eliminate poliovirus from the United States. PMID- 6994213 TI - Remarks on Doctor Isaac Ray (1807-1881). PMID- 6994214 TI - [Professor Ion Emil Bruckner]. PMID- 6994215 TI - Leukocyte kinetics, cell cycle and leukemic proliferation. AB - A review is presented of the available data in the medical literature and of the author's experience in the study of leukocyte kinetics, starting with the originary stem cell. To facilitate understanding of the process of leukocyte proliferation in leukemias, theoretical and methodological details are given on the techniques for determination of the cell cycle and its perturbations during evolution of the various types of leukemias. Some data on animal leukemias are also discussed. A critical analysis is made of the action of immunosuppressive cytostatic drugs on the leukemic cell proliferation. PMID- 6994216 TI - [V. V. Maximilian, the professor, man and friend]. PMID- 6994217 TI - [Interruption of pregnancy in the I. and II. trimester and its relationship to the woman's health]. PMID- 6994218 TI - ["Hair-spray lung". Clinical and morphological findings]. AB - We present two cases of an uncommon lung disease. The considerable decrease in respiratory function was in sharp contrast with the moderate changes seen in the lung. Whereas the radiographs only revealed a milky and a slightly reticular cloudiness of the lungs, pulmonary vital capacity and compliance were reduced to one half of the standard value. Open lung biopsies were performed. Histological examination showed a fibrosing alveolitis with considerable response and foreign body reaction of the alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Intraalveolar and interstitial granulomas included macrophages and multinucleated giant cells of the foreign body type. They frequently enclosed PAS-positive material. Ultrastructural examination revealed distinct lysosomal inclusions in the macrophages and giant cells. Similar inclusions were induced in guinea pigs by hair-spray components. These findings led to the diagnosis of an exogenous thesaurosis of the lung. Prolonged and excessive exposure to hair-sprays could be established in both cases. Upon termination of the exposure, a marked improvement occurred in both patients within half a year. Extreme exposure to hair-spray may cause alterations of the lung parenchyma, including a so-called "hair-spray lung". The present report is directed towards a better understanding of this particular disease which is one of the numberous conditions induced by the increasing air pollution. PMID- 6994219 TI - [J. G. Zimmermann's essay "On Experience in Medicine": a contribution to rational medicine]. PMID- 6994220 TI - [Rabies]. AB - The epidemiology, geographic distribution in Europe, pathogenesis and diagnosis of rabies are briefly reviewed. Criteria are discussed for evaluating cases in which exposure to rabies is suspected. Current vaccination programs in Switzerland and indications for additional passive immune prophylaxis are mentioned. Special attention is directed to postexposure therapy of previously vaccinated persons. Further, the recommended time intervals for rabies revaccination of high-risk individuals are discussed. PMID- 6994221 TI - [Malignant melanoma: spontaneous course, therapy and prognosis]. AB - The natural history, treatment and prognosis of malignant melanoma are reviewed. Stage, histologic level of invasion and clinical type are the most important prognostic factors. Surgical approach for treatment of the primary tumor, adjuvant therapy and treatment of advanced disease (chemotherapy, hormonal manipulation and immunotherapy) are discussed. 5-year survival rates are tabulated in relation to the most important prognostic factors. PMID- 6994222 TI - [Subjective early symptoms of bronchial neoplasms. Retrospective computer analysis of case histories, written in free prose]. PMID- 6994223 TI - [Hemodynamics monitoring: correlations of clinical and invasive methods]. AB - Cardiac failure is the main in-hospital cause of death in acute myocardial infarction. The present review demonstrates the possibilities and advantages of invasive monitoring. The Swan-Ganz catheter offers the possibility of measuring cardiac pressures, particularly pulmonary wedge pressure, cardiac O2 saturations and cardiac output. The main indications are severe left heart failure, right heart failure, complicated myocardial infarction, severe hypovolemia and vasodilator therapy. PMID- 6994224 TI - Recommendations for care of children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6994225 TI - Clinicopathological conference: eleven month old child with bloody diarrhea. PMID- 6994226 TI - Heart transplants: to pay or not to pay. PMID- 6994227 TI - Mass. General: no heart transplants here. PMID- 6994228 TI - Vascular permeation of platelet factor 4 after endothelial injury. AB - Antibody to platelet factor 4 was used to demonstrate permeation of this factor into the blood vessel wall after endothelial injury in rabbits. The presence of platelet factor 4 antigen in the vessel wall after removal of the endothelium was shown by immunofluorescence 10 and 30 minutes after injury but not 240 minutes afterward. This study demonstrates that factors carried by platelets can enter the vessel wall and that the movement of these platelet products into the vasculature is a short-lived, self-limiting process. PMID- 6994229 TI - Rapid eye movement sleep PGO-type waves are present in the dorsal pons of the albino rat. AB - We have found rapid eye movement sleep central phasic activity in the form of episodic, repetitive, monophasic waves in the albino rat. This activity is recorded in discrete areas of the dorso-lateral pons, including the nucleus locus ceruleus. The vast majority of these waves occur during rapid eye movement sleep. Their distribution and electrophysiological characteristics are similar to those of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves in the cat. PMID- 6994230 TI - Improving the success of kidney transplants. PMID- 6994231 TI - Estrogen and the growth of breast cancer: new evidence suggests indirect action. AB - The growth of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line is unresponsive to the presence of estrogen in culture media. Paradoxically, in nude mice, growth of these cells and formation of solid tumors are dependent on estrogen. Tumors fail to develop in ovariectomized mice, but do develop in intact mice and in ovariectomized mice given estrogen. Primary cultures derived from MCF-7 tumors revert to unresponsiveness to estrogen. However, when these cultures are again transplanted into nude mice, estrogen is required for tumor formation. The continuous culture, the solid tumor, and the primary cultures therefrom have similar estrogen-binding capacities and affinities. These results indicate that mammary carcinoma cell growth in vivo is subject to inhibition that can be overcome by estrogen. PMID- 6994232 TI - Marc R. Tetalman, M.D. 1943--1979. PMID- 6994233 TI - The evaluation of ischemic heart disease thallium-210 with comments on radionuclide angiography. AB - Coronary artery disease causing myocardial ischemia and infarction is the leading cause of death in America. Methods that can be used to diagnose and follow the response to therapy of coronary artery disease or its effect on myocardial ischemia should help control the morbidity and mortality of ischemic heart disease. The use of ECG monitoring is less sensitive and specific for ischemia than thallium (TI) imaging or the use of radionuclide angiography (RNA). In large patient populations, the findings of a positive ECG and TI or RNA study will be highly predictive for the presence of coronary artery disease, while negative test results make the disease unlikely. A combined approach to the patient with possible ischemic heart disease is presented. PMID- 6994234 TI - Quantitative aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging. AB - Myocardial perfusion measurements have traditionally been performed in a quantitative fashion using application of the Sapirstein, Fick, Kety-Schmidt, or compartmental analysis principles. Although global myocardial blood flow measurements have not proven clinically useful, regional determinations have substantially advanced our understanding of and ability to detect myocardial ischemia. With the introduction of thallium-201, such studies have become widely available, although these have generally undergone qualitative evaluation. Using computer-digitized data, several methods for the quantification of myocardial perfusion images have been introduced. These include orthogonal and polar coordinate systems and anatomically oriented region of interest segmentation. Statistical ranges of normal and time-activity analyses have been applied to these data, resulting in objective and reproducible means of data evaluation. PMID- 6994235 TI - A consideration of factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of thallium-201 myocarial perfusion scintigraphy in detecting coronary artery disease. AB - Several factors influence the ability of TI-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy to detect coronary artery disease. Among these are the physiologic effect of the coronary lesion on relative myocardial perfusion and radionuclide distribution; technical and physiologic aspects of the scintigraphic process; and observer interpretation. The diagnostic accuracy of this scintigraphic method is related to: (1) the extent of the hypoperfused myocardium, which will depend on the severity and extent of coronary disease, the presence of collaterals, the exercise method, and the timing of thallium administration and scintigraphy; (2) the scintigraphic process, which depends on the nature of the isotope, the imaging system, and the method of image display; and (3) image interpretation, which depends on the experience of the observer as well as on the area of hypoperfused myocardium and the scintigraphic process. The diagnostic accuracy of scintigraphy for detecting coronary disease can be optimized by computer methods of image enhancement, which maximize differences in image contrast; by electrocardiographic gating; and by emission computer tomography. Other computer methods have been developed to reduce or eliminate observer intervention in interpretation and to increase the objectivity of the method. PMID- 6994236 TI - A double-blind study with oral labetalol (Trandate)--a new hypotensive agent. PMID- 6994237 TI - Treatment of disease without the use of drugs. II--The relationship between thought control and galvanic skin resistance. PMID- 6994238 TI - Treatment of disease without the use of drugs. III. Self-treatment of migraine by thought control. PMID- 6994239 TI - Infectious complications in renal transplant recipients. AB - Infections complicated the course of 59 of 111 renal transplantations (53%) performed on 93 patients at the University of Maryland Hospital. Infections and resultant deaths were more common among the patients with cadaver transplants. The transplant wound and the urinary tract were the most common sites of infection, occurring in 33% and 24% respectively. Septicemia developed in 11 patients (10%), secondary to urinary tract infection in six and to surgical wound infection in three. Opportunistic viral, fungal, and actinomycotic infections occurred in ten patients (9%). A total of nine patients (8%) died as a result of infection. This experience with sepsis and mortality, substantially lower than previously reported, may have resulted from (1) rigorous screening and detailed histories of recipients and donors for infection at the time of transplantation, as well as bacteriologic and serologic studies; (2) discontinuation of azathioprine whenever the WBC fell to less than 5,000/cu mm; (3) aggressive surveillance and early management of infections; and (4) prompt removal of a nonviable kidney when detected by radionuclide scan and percutaneous renal biopsy. PMID- 6994240 TI - Scleroderma: developments from Osler to the present. AB - The clinical entity of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, or scleroderma) has remained unchanged since Osler's first description in 1892. Several related or overlap syndromes have now been recognized, which may afford some insight into etiologic events in the development of PSS. As yet, the cause of PSS remains elusive. Abnormalities of collagen synthesis, the role of cellular and humoral immunity, and the relationship of these to vascular disease and hyperreactivity represent current areas of research. Few therapeutic advances of proven efficacy have been forthcoming over this period except for the use of vigorous antihypertensive therapy or early nephrectomy, dialysis, and transplantation in the control of malignant hypertension and progressive renal failure. PMID- 6994243 TI - [Soviet military medicine in World War II (on the 35th anniversary of the victory over fascist Germany)]. PMID- 6994242 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: an alternative treatment for renovascular hypertension. AB - PTA may be the most cost-effective approach to correctable renovascular hypertension. Successful PTA not only lowers the blood pressure, but may also preserve or improve renal function. Patients who are not ideal surgical risks should be considered for this approach if their blood pressure is not controlled or if side effects from antihypertensive drug therapy are disabling. PTA should be performed in consultation with, and with the back-up of, a vascular surgeon. PMID- 6994245 TI - [Mikhail Iur'evich Magaril]. PMID- 6994244 TI - [Topics of hepatology in the "Canon of Medical Science" of Ibn-Sina]. PMID- 6994241 TI - Medical aspects of the Confederacy (1861--1865). AB - In military philosophy injured soldiers are a greater liability to the opposition than dead men, and there was no greater example of this than during the War Between the States. The state of the art of Southern medicine in the 1860s, as well as the military circumstances and politics of the day are discussed to discern the effectiveness of the medical care provided. Useful medicomilitary procedures, as well as an increase in medical knowledge, did emerge from this struggle and deserve acknowledgment. PMID- 6994246 TI - [Development of legislation on public health]. PMID- 6994247 TI - [Role of scientific congresses in scientific medical information (from the history of the All-Russian and All-Union congresses of bacteriologists, epidemiologists and health officers, 1918-1928)]. PMID- 6994249 TI - [E.P. Serebrennikova--outstanding medical worker of the Ural]. PMID- 6994248 TI - [Physicians tried and convicted in the Case of the 193]. PMID- 6994251 TI - [Health activists of Bashkiria in the 1st decades of Soviet power]. PMID- 6994252 TI - [Unknown document of the Decembrists]. PMID- 6994253 TI - [125th anniversary of the birth of physician and revolutionary, Mikhail Vasil'evich Sabunaev (1855-1922)]. PMID- 6994250 TI - [Latvian Republic cardiology center]. PMID- 6994254 TI - [A. I. Mikhalevich, physician and revolutionary]. PMID- 6994257 TI - [Cryopreservation of dermo-epidermal grafts]. PMID- 6994255 TI - [Angiographic methods for the diagnosis and therapy of liver diseases]. PMID- 6994258 TI - The introduction of iodine in the treatment of syphilis: the writings of William Wallace, M.D., of Dublin. PMID- 6994256 TI - [Allotransplantation in burns]. PMID- 6994259 TI - Rudolph H. Kampmeier receives ASHA award. PMID- 6994260 TI - Solid-hase hemadsorption: a method for rapid detection of Treponema pallidum specific IgM. AB - A solid-phase hemadsorption (SPHA) technique for the rapid detection of Treponema pallidum-specific IgM antibodies is described. The demonstration of these immunoglobulins permits differentiation between a recent and a long-lasting infection and facilitates the decision as to whether or not a patient should receive therapy for syphilis. Errors that occur in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed test with IgM conjugate (IgM-FTA-Abs test) because of high titers of T. pallidum-specific IgG (competitive inhibition), rheumatoid factors, or 7S IgM do not occur with the SPHA technique. This test is easy to perform; it requires only microtiter plates coated with antisera to human IgM in addition to the standard T. pallidum hemagglutination reagents. As compared with the Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (vdrl) test, SPHA test has the advantage of being specific for T. pallidum; furthermore, IgM antibodies can be demonstrated earlier after infection and disappear sooner after adequate treatment of syphilis. PMID- 6994261 TI - T-cell hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues of rabbits infected with Treponema pallidum: evidence for a vigorous immune response. AB - Specific identifications by immunofluorescence of infecting organisms and lymphoid cells in lymphoid organs and testes of rabbits were compared with the light microscopic appearances of these cells and organs on days 10, 11, 13, and 20 after intratesticular inoculation with Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain). Large numbers of T. pallidum were observed in the interstitial tissues of the testes on days 10 and 11. These numbers had declined markedly by day 13, and by day 20 only rare organisms (estimated as fewer than one to three per cross section) were seen. Organisms were also easily identified in much smaller numbers in the lymph nodes and spleen on days 13 and 20. Disappearance of organisms from the testes were associated with infiltration of large numbers of T cells. Marked follicular and diffuse cortical hyperplasia of the lymph nodes as well as follicular and periarterial hyperplasia of the spleen were observed. Specific immunofluorescence revealed large numbers of T cells in the diffuse cortex of the lymph nodes and the periarteriolar zones of the spleen. There was also a periportal infiltration of T cells in the liver. It is concluded that rabbits infected intratesticularly with T. pallidum mount an intense immune response that effectively eliminates most of the infecting organisms. However, despite this response, surviving T. pallidum may be identified not only at the original site of infection, but also disseminated in lymphoid organs. Normal mechanisms for controlling immune responses apparently shut down the specific response at a time when infecting organisms have not been completely eradicated from the host's tissues. PMID- 6994262 TI - Jonathan Hutchinson on syphilis. PMID- 6994263 TI - The future of tissue culture methods for growth of Treponema pallidum in vitro. PMID- 6994264 TI - Expression of human genes for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase after genetic transformation of mouse cells with purified human DNA. AB - Human DNA purified from HeLa cells and from three strains of skin fibroblasts was precipitated with calcium phosphate and added to mouse cells that were deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Selection for cells possessing either of the phosphoribosyltransferases was imposed by blocking de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides with azaserine in a medium supplemented with adenine and hypoxanthine. The frequency of colony formation after selection was 1.7 x 10(-7) 3.3 x 10(-6). Excepting some azaserine-resistant colonies that appeared only in the first experiment and infrequent revertants expressing moust APRT, all characterized clones expressed the human forms of APRT or HPRT according to the criteria of specific immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility. The frequency of transfer of the human APRT gene was much greater than that of HPRT. Transfer efficiency was not significantly reduced when HeLa DNA was sheared to 6.5-13.5 kb size or when the donor DNA was isolated from a transferent that expressed human APRT. PMID- 6994265 TI - Single-step selection of mouse FM3A cell mutants defective in thymidylate synthetase. AB - A tritium-suicide method for isolating thymidine auxotrophic mutants is described. Mutagenized mouse FM3A cells were cultured in medium containing [3H] deoxyuridine. Most of the surviving clones examined showed a phenotype of absolute thymidine auxotrophy. This phenotype is very stable and was found to be genetically recessive in cell-cell hybridization experiments. The growth of these variant clones was not supported by various pyrimidine nucleosides other than thymidine. The activity of thymidylate synthetase in crude extracts of these clones was less than 1% of that of FM3A cells. These results strongly indicate that the thymidine auxotrophic phenotype resulted from a genetic defect in thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6994266 TI - Antigen expression by somatic cell hybrids of a murine embryonal carcinoma cell with thymocytes and L cells. AB - Thymocyte x PCC4azaR (a murine embryonal carcinoma cell) hybrid cells resembled PCC4azaR. They continued to express two embryonic antigens (SSEA-1 and 3C4-10) found on PCC4azaR, but did not express the thymocyte antigens Thy-1 and Ly-2. However, H-2Kk of thymocyte origin continued to be expressed, while H-2Db of PCC4azaR origin was not reexpressed. This is consistent with H-2 expression being subject to cis control. In syngeneic hosts these hybrids formed tumors containing stem cells and differentiated derivatives. In contrast, an L-cell x PCC4azaR hybrid resembled the L-cell parent, did not express SSEA-1 and 3C4-10, but did express both H-2Kk and H-2Db. In syngeneic hosts this hybrid formed undifferentiated sarcomas. PMID- 6994267 TI - Reversal of toxic and anoxic induced hepatic failure by syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation. AB - This report describes the efficacy of syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in an anoxic model and of xenogeneic (rabbit and porcine) hepatocyte transplantation in a toxic model of fulminant hepatic failure in the rat. Lewis strain rats that received 4 X 10(7) hepatocytes intraperitoneally at 48 hours after hepatic artery ligation had a significantly improved survival rate (79%, n = 14) when compared with control animals (38%, n = 21, P less than 0.05). Xenogeneic hepatocytes (4 X 10(7) cells/rat) given intraperitoneally to D-galactosamine-poisoned Lewis rats at 48 hours after toxin administration were able to significantly improve survival rate as compared with controls (71% versus 14%, n = 14, P less than 0.01 for rabbit; and 75%, n = 14 versus 12.5%, n = 16, P less than 0.001 for porcine). Although an increase in in vivo cytotoxicity could be demonstrated after procine hepatocyte transplantation, no adverse clinical effects were observed. The methodology for the harvest and storage of large numbers of hepatocytes from a large animal liver has been developed, and it is now feasible to proceed to the clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation for human fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6994269 TI - Insulin infusion via a portable pump. PMID- 6994268 TI - Wound coverage by a sheet of epidermal cells grown in vitro from dispersed single cell preparations. AB - Epidermal cells have been grown into multilayered sheets resembling full thickness human epidermis using a new tissue culture technique. To evaluate their viability in an in vivo situation, such cells were transplanted under the kidney capsule and into a subcutaneous position in the nude mouse. In both locations cells survived and limited growth was observed. Maturation of the epidermal cells resulted in the appearance of keratohyalin granules and cell desquamation. To assess the potential use of tissue cultured cells for wound treatment in man, the same method was used to grow dog cells in vitro. Sheets of multilayered dog epidermal cells grown in vitro from a single cell suspension were used to cover fresh or granulating wounds. The epidermal cells transplanted in this way remained viable and wound coverage was achieved within 1 week. No clinical or histological signs of rejection of allograft tissue were observed during a 6-week period of observation. PMID- 6994270 TI - Comparative studies on the mutagenicity of pirenzepine with submammalian/bacterial and mammalian systems. PMID- 6994271 TI - The toxicological effects of chlorinated paraffins in mammals. PMID- 6994272 TI - 1978 bibliographic index:.poisons, toxins and venoms of natural origin. PMID- 6994273 TI - [Proteolytic, hemorrhagic and myonecrotic effects of the venoms of Costa Rican snakes from the genera Bothrops, Crotalus and Lachesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994274 TI - Lack of a hemorrhagic principle in Habu snake venom, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, from the Okinawa Islands. PMID- 6994275 TI - [Results of mandibular osteoplasty with an autograft]. PMID- 6994276 TI - [Treatment of the temperomandibular joint dysfunction pain syndrome]. PMID- 6994277 TI - [Outstanding master of plastic surgery (on the 150th anniversary of the birth of Iu. K. Shimanovskii)]. PMID- 6994278 TI - [Polymers in dental base materials]. PMID- 6994279 TI - [In memoriam Solomon Isaveich Krylov]. PMID- 6994281 TI - Specific allogeneic unresponsiveness in irradiated dogs reconstituted with autologous bone marrow. PMID- 6994282 TI - Donor pretreatment: rat heart allograft survival and measurement of passenger leukocyte depletion with indium-111. AB - The present experiment was designed to study the relationship between rat heart allograft survival and passenger leukocyte depletion in donor-pretreated animals. Untreated Lewis rats served as recipients of cardiac allografts from treated Fischer rats. Passenger leukocyte depletion was assayed with indium-111 oxine labeled leukocytes (predominantly lymphocytes) which were infused into donor rats 6 hr before treatment with cyclophosphamide, antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), sublethal total body irradiation, or in vitro perfusion-preservation of the isolated beating heart. In vivo pretreatment of the donor with cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant prolongation of heart allograft survival but effected no reduction in graft-labeled lymphocytes. In vitro perfusion-preservation of the donor heart, for 1 to 2 hr, led to a 50 to 60% reduction in graft-labeled lymphocytes but failed to significantly prolong the survival of the heart allografts. Both ALG and sublethal total body irradiation donor pretreatments resulted in significant prolongation of heart allograft survival and a 20 to 25% labeled passenger lymphocyte depletion. This study demonstrates that there is no direct correlation between allograft survival and the degree of mobile passenger lymphocyte depletion, suggesting that the efficacy of leukocytotoxic donor pretreatment methods may depend in part on alternative mechanisms. PMID- 6994283 TI - Immunospecific depletion of lymphocytes rejecting skin allografts using sensitized syngeneic initiator T lymphocytes. AB - Experiments were done to prolong the survival of transplanted allogeneic skin in mice. We used the recruitment model of cell-mediated immunity to remove effector lymphocytes of recipients specifically directed against foreign antigens of the skin graft donor. BALB/c recipient mice were inoculated in both footpads with syngeneic initiator T lymphocytes (ITLs) sensitized against C57BL/6 fibroblasts. At the height of the recruitment response, the reacting popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs), containing specific anti-C57BL/6 effector lymphocytes, were surgically excised. The mice were then engrafted with skin from C57BL/6 mice or third-party C3H/eB mice. We found that selective treatment of the recipient significantly prolonged the mean survival time of the antigen-specific C57BL/6 grafts from 11.9 to 22.1 days. These findings show that physiological immunosuppression can be achieved, without any harmful or toxic side effects, by sequestration of the recipient's specific lymphocytes. PMID- 6994284 TI - Orthotopic rat liver transplantation after long-term preservation by continuous perfusion with fluorocarbon emulsion. AB - Isolated rat livers have been stored for up to 25 hr using a continuous pulsatile perfusion technique with and without fluorocarbon emulsion oxygen carrier in the perfusate. After preservation, orthotopically isografted livers can maintain recipient animals in good health. The longest surviving animal is alive at 12 months. A prosthetic cuff technique for the portal vein anastomosis was specially developed for this experimental series. It has simplified vascular anastomosis after the portal vein cannulation that is required for machine preservation of the donor liver. We believe that the described method in the rat liver isograft model might be useful for studies of liver preservation. PMID- 6994285 TI - International transoceanic kidney sharing. AB - The shortage of cadaver kidneys for transplantation persists in most regions of the United States. Because so many patients have preformed antibodies against prospective donors, identification of appropriate donor-recipient pairs is proving difficult in spite of computerized interregional sharing. To avoid wasting valuable human organs, we have shared 11 kidneys between Italy, the Soviet Union, West Germany and the USA, 10 of which resulted in successful transplants. Such sharing guarantees better utilization of kidneys bilaterally and aids in transplanting cytotoxic patients by increasing the total number of kidneys available. PMID- 6994280 TI - An analysis of the metabolites of progesterone produced by isolated Sertoli cells at the onset of gametogenesis. AB - Sertoli cells isolated from 17 day old rats were maintained in culture and incubated with [14C]-progesterone for 20 h. The cells and media were extracted with ether/chloroform and the extracts chromatographed two-dimensionally on TLC and the radioactive metabolites visualized by autoradiography. Nine of the metabolites (constituting about 88% of total metabolite radioactivity) were identified by relative mobilities of the compounds and their derivatives in TLC and GC systems and by recrystallizations with authentic steroids as the following: 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20 one, 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol, 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3 one, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, testosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. Over 71% of the metabolite radioactivity was due to 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, the major metabolite. 5 alpha-reduced pregnanes constituted about 12% and C19 steroids comprised about 2.9% of the radioactivity of the metabolites. Calculation of relative steroidogenic enzyme activities from initial reaction rates suggested the following activities in muunits/mg Sertoli cell protein: 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (20 alpha-HSO; 7.71), 5 alpha-reductase (4.77), 3 alpha-HASO (3.57), 17 alpha-hydroxylase (0.93), 17 beta-HSO (0.34) and C17-C20 lyase (0.34). The relatively high rate of steroidogenic enzyme activities in the Sertoli cells of young rats may indicate that Sertoli cells are less dependent on Leydig cell steroidogenesis than has been assumed. Since nearly all the metabolites of progesterone and testosterone are now identified, it is possible to construct a picture of Sertoli cell steroidogenic activity. PMID- 6994286 TI - Accelerated acute rejection of primary renal allografts in pediatric patients. PMID- 6994287 TI - Influence of selective splenectomy on survival of cardiac and skin allografts in enhanced rats. AB - Pretreatment of LEW rats with donor cells and antidonor antiserum 11 and 12 days before transplantation, respectively, extends survival of (LEW x FN)F1 heart grafts from 1 to about 4 weeks. Previous investigations have shown that the spleen responds dynamically to the immunization regimen and to the graft itself by transient trapping of antigen-sensitive cells and massive proliferation of antibody-producing cells. In the present study we have noted that splenectomy performed before recipient pretreatment decreases graft survival. When splenectomy is performed during the periods in which the spleen is responding substantially after immunization and after transplantation, graft survival is increased remarkably (MST greater than 10 weeks, with the majority of grafts surviving indefinitely). Removal of antigen-sensitive cells trapped transiently in the spleen does not fully explain this striking effect, as an 11-day interval between pretreatment and transplantation is required for optimal graft survival in splenectomized hosts. Additionally, splenectomy is ineffective in increasing survival of skin grafts in enhanced animals, reconfirming the primary importance of the regional draining lymph nodes in rejection of these grafts. PMID- 6994288 TI - Graft adaptation: studies on possible mechanisms in long-term surviving rat renal allografts. PMID- 6994289 TI - Preservation of canine renal autografts. PMID- 6994290 TI - Studies on the cross-reactivity of allosera for kidney graft enhancement in rats. PMID- 6994292 TI - Preliminary experience with cyclosporin A in human renal allografts. PMID- 6994293 TI - Effects of cyclosporin A in rat kidney grafts. PMID- 6994294 TI - Cyclosporin-A-induced long-term survival of fully incompatible skin and heart grafts in rats. PMID- 6994291 TI - Immunosuppression for organ grafting. PMID- 6994296 TI - Rejection of long-surviving mouse skin allografts after withdrawal of cyclosporin A therapy. PMID- 6994298 TI - A controlled clinical trial of niridazole in cadaver renal transplantation. PMID- 6994297 TI - The interaction of cyclosporin A with other immunosuppressive agents in dog recipients of renal allografts. PMID- 6994295 TI - Effects of cyclosporin A on experimental graft-versus-host disease in rodents. PMID- 6994299 TI - The imidazoles as immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6994300 TI - Prospective trial of high-dose versus low-dose prednisolone in renal transplant patients. PMID- 6994301 TI - Long-term comparison between single-morning daily and alternate-day steroid treatment in cadaver kidney recipients. PMID- 6994304 TI - Donor pretreatment as an adjunct to cadaveric renal transplantation--update 1979. PMID- 6994303 TI - Detrimental effect of steroids on cyclosporin-A-induced prolonged allograft survival. PMID- 6994302 TI - Use of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the monitoring of the in situ inflammatory response of kidney allograft rejection and the impact of glucocorticosteroids on the inflammation. PMID- 6994305 TI - Pretreatment of cadaver donors with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone: effect on renal transplant outcome. PMID- 6994306 TI - Preoperative immunosuppression with antithymocyte serum and procarbazine: effect on kidney graft survival in dogs after donor or third-party antigen administration. PMID- 6994307 TI - Effect of partial treatment on purulent meningitis. AB - Various clinical and laboratory parameters were used for comparing 49 previously untreated and 55 partially treated children with purulent meningitis. The percentage of cases having fever, convulsions, unconsciousness and bulging anterior fontanel was almost the same in both groups. There was no difference in the cellular response and protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid. A Gram smear was positive in 32.6% of untreated and in 47.2% of partially treated patients. Percentages for a positive CSF culture were 38.7 and 50.9%; for CSF sugar of less than 40 mg, 59.1 and 72.7% respectively. The case fatality rate was the same in both groups. These observations suggest that partial treatment neither masks clinical and laboratory findings nor affects the case fatality rate in purulent meningitis in children. PMID- 6994308 TI - Indirect immunoperoxydase test in the serological diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. AB - The outcome of the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) and the indirect immunoperoxydase test (IIP) was compared in 60 serum samples of patients affected by haematobium schistosomiasis and in controls. There was a striking agreement (positive correlation in 86.6%). The IIP is a simpler and cheaper test than the IIF. PMID- 6994310 TI - Serological and clinical evidence of toxoplasmosis on the Upper Leeward Islands. AB - Toxoplasma infections are common on the Upper Leeward Islands (Saba, St. Maarten and St. Eustatius, Neth. Antilles) as proved by clinical evidence and serological determinations in patients and in healthy people. In schoolchildren an overall positive percentage of 45.5% was found. On St. Eustatius the highest frequency of recent infections was in the youngest age groups, in contrast with findings in the Netherlands and in Germany. PMID- 6994309 TI - The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in Nigerian diabetics. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was determined in 210 Nigerian diabetics and in 210 non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex. Nineteen diabetics (9.0%) were found to have HBS Ag in their sera compared to six (2.9%) of the non-diabetic controls. The difference is statistically significant and may be attributable to the common practice of injudicious administration of insulin injections among Nigerian diabetics. There was no correlation between the prevalence of HBS Ag and the degree of control of diabetes. The prevalence of HBS Ag among new diabetics was found to be low. It is unlikely that diabetics have impaired ability to remove the hepatitis B virus once they are infected or that serum hepatitis plays any role in the causation of diabetes. PMID- 6994311 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative radiological changes in autologous cancellous bone transplants (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994312 TI - [Bone and salt tissue: a method for documentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994314 TI - [Renal adenoma: dignity and management (author's transl)]. AB - At the Department of Urology, University of Mainz Medical School, 286 patients were operated between 1967 and 1976 for alleged renal cell carcinoma. In 7 patients (2.4%) a renal adenoma was diagnosed. A search in the pertinent literature revealed among patients treated for renal tumors an incidence between 0.21 and 4.4%. There is no reliable preoperative test to distinguish clinically between renal cell carcinoma and adenoma. Even intraoperative frozen section does not safely rule out the possibility of malignant degeneration. Thus, tumor nephrectomy remains the treatment of choice. Partial resection is warranted only in solitary kidneys, as supported by 2 own cases. Eventually, malignant change and dissemination occurs. Histologically, the renal adenomas are therefore classified as G0 tumors. PMID- 6994313 TI - Comparison of propranolol and inderal L.A. in patients with angina. AB - TWELVE patients with moderately severe angina pectoris completed a double blind cross-over comparison of conventional propranolol (40 mg q.i.d.) and Inderal L.A. (160 mg once daily) with regard to therapeutic effectiveness, blood levels, compliance and patient acceptability.Exercise tolerance was assessed using standardised treadmill testing at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the morning dose. The double placebo technique was used.Patient compliance was excellent for both regimes and no serious side effects were reported. No significant differences in exercise tolerance or blood levels were observed between the two treatments at any time. PMID- 6994315 TI - [Mechanical clip suture of the ureter and urethra]. PMID- 6994316 TI - [Morphological criteria of the effectiveness of the restored blood flow in the kidney in vasorenal hypertension by using an experimental method of organ autograft]. PMID- 6994317 TI - [Hemodynamics of the kidney autograft in various types of vascular anastomoses]. PMID- 6994319 TI - [Kidney and ureteral diseases in gynecologic patients]. PMID- 6994318 TI - [Changes in the intraorganic lymphatic bed of the kidney after transplantation]. PMID- 6994321 TI - Management of postoperative pelvic lymphoceles. AB - Lymphoceles following pelvic surgery are not rare events. The management of this postoperative complication in 18 patients included needle aspiration, external drainage, and intraperitoneal marsupialization. The following diagnostic and therapeutic approach is recommended: ultrasonographic definition of the lymphocele; excretory urography to assess upper urinary tract obstruction; observation of small, nonobstructing, asymptomatic lymphoceles; needle aspiration for diagnosis confirmation; intraperitoneal marsupialization for noninfected, large lymphoceles that are obstructing the upper urinary tract or are symptomatic; and incision and drainage of small or infected lymphoceles. PMID- 6994322 TI - Urinary tract infection in pediatric renal transplantation. AB - Urinary tract infection is a frequent complication following renal transplantation and represents a potential focus for systemic infection in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient. The incidence, etiologic factors, temporal pattern, bacteriology, and prognostic significance of urinary tract infection were determined by analysis of 85 renal allografts in 69 patients. Significant bacteriuria occurred after 49 of 85 transplants (58 per cent). The incidence of infection was not related to success or source of the allograft, but was related to patient gender. Urinary tract infections developed in 68 per cent of females, while only 43 per cent of males became infected (p less than 0.05). Escherichia coli caused most first infections (30 per cent), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli were equally responsible for recurrent infections (25 per cent each). Children with previous reconstructive urologic surgery had similar allograft success (63 per cent) and infection rates (53 per cent) as our other children (61 per cent and 58 per cent, respectively). No apparent correlation was noted between episodes of infection and graft rejection. Thorough preoperative assessment and preparation and prompt, specific treatment minimize the adverse influences of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6994320 TI - A technique for in vivo and in vitro studies on the preserved and transplanted rat kidney. PMID- 6994323 TI - Assessment of anatomic extent and biologic hazard of prostatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6994324 TI - Case profile: massive spontaneous gas pyelogram in asymptomatic patient. PMID- 6994327 TI - Die Evakuationspumpen. PMID- 6994325 TI - Celsus' decircumcision operation: medical and historical implications. PMID- 6994328 TI - Treatment of atonic impotence by Winternitz's psychrophor. PMID- 6994329 TI - Production of pigment precursors in Serratia marcescens at elevated temperatures. PMID- 6994326 TI - Vascular complications of renal transplantation. AB - From January, 1963, to May, 1979, 600 renal transplants were performed at the Cleveland Clinic. There were 21 vascular complications in this series (3.5%). Arterial complications included renal artery thrombosis in 5 patients, renal artery stenosis in 9 patients, and anastomotic hemorrhage in 2 patients. Venous complications included renal vein thrombosis in 2 patients and hemorrhage in 3 patients. Although vascular complications led directly to graft loss in 10 patients, only 1 resulted in patient death. PMID- 6994330 TI - Energy requirements of ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. AB - Recent estimates of the energy requirements of the pregnant ewe, based on either the amounts of food required to maintain 3-hydroxy-butyrate concentrations in plasma below 0.7 mmol per litre or to prevent the loss of energy from the ewe's body suggest that current recommended feeding standards would result in a fairly severe degree of undernutrition. There is now evidence to suggest that the efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable (ME) energy for fetal growth is positively related to the ME concentration of the diet. During early lactation ewes seldom achieve the high energy intakes (25 to 30 MJ of ME) necessary for the production of the milk (3.5 kg per day) required to achieve desirable total lamb growth rates of 600 to 700 g per day for twins. In this situation the provision of dietary protein supplements which in part escape degradation in the rumen enables the ewe to augment the energy deficit in its diet by utilising body fat. PMID- 6994331 TI - [Frequency of occult spina bifida]. PMID- 6994332 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Roentgenology of the Central Institute of Physician Postgraduate Training (a brief historical essay)]. PMID- 6994333 TI - [60th anniversary of the Kiev Roentgenoradiological and Oncological Research Institute]. PMID- 6994334 TI - [Ethical principles of Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) and the problems of modern deontology (on the millenium of his birth)]. PMID- 6994335 TI - [List of articles on x-ray diagnosis, radioisotope diagnosis and radiation therapy published in related clinical journals in 1979]. PMID- 6994337 TI - [Years of formation]. PMID- 6994336 TI - [Stabilization of a transplantable piglet kidney cell culture]. PMID- 6994338 TI - The nature and organization of retroviral genes in animal cells. PMID- 6994340 TI - Physical location of host-range mutations of adenovirus type 5; deletion and marker-rescue mapping. PMID- 6994339 TI - Helical ribonucleoproteins of influenza virus: an electron microscopic analysis. PMID- 6994341 TI - [Dr. Vladimir Zapletal - 80 years old]. PMID- 6994342 TI - [Dr. Rudolf Toman - 60 years old]. PMID- 6994343 TI - [On the 1,000th anniversary of the birth of the Ibn Sina (Avicena)]. PMID- 6994344 TI - [History of campaigns against TB in Moravia]. PMID- 6994345 TI - [Cechov - physician and writer]. PMID- 6994346 TI - [Tito's contribution to the creation and development of the health service--and his steadfast care for people]. PMID- 6994347 TI - [Tito and his contribution to the development of philosophy of military medicine]. PMID- 6994348 TI - [Facilities for the care of the wounded of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia in the area of Belgrade from October 15 to the end of December 1944]. PMID- 6994349 TI - [Placental transfusion and some aspects of its effect on metabolism in the newborn infant (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6994350 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of nevigramon in the complex treatment of acute dysentery]. PMID- 6994351 TI - [Effect of insulin stimulation on the blood gastrin concentration in peptic ulcer both uncomplicated and complicated by pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 6994352 TI - [Significance of nonesterified fatty acids in the diagnosis of early forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6994354 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes and hemodynamic comparisons in arterial hypertension]. AB - The electrocardiographic criteria for left-ventricular loading were studied in patients with non-complicated arterial hypertension and were juxtaposed to the basic hemodynamic indices, determined via radio-isotope method--quantitative radiocardiography. Regular changes in the hemodynamics and electrocardiographic criteria were found, in the initial phases within the limits of the norm, and in the later ones--exceeding it. The method of correlation analysis was applied between the separate hemodynamic indisec and electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular loading both in the separate subgroups and for the whole group. Correlation dependence with various values and sign were found. Finally, it was concluded that the classic electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular loading in case of arterial hypertension obtained a new meaning and should be assessed with consideration given to the subjects' age and in a comparison with hemodynamic characteristic. PMID- 6994353 TI - [Pressing problems of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase isoenzymes]. PMID- 6994355 TI - An architect designs a needle. PMID- 6994356 TI - [Prognosis in coronary disease]. PMID- 6994357 TI - [In memory of Kazimierz Fritz]. PMID- 6994358 TI - [Interactions between drugs used in cardiology]. PMID- 6994359 TI - [Bundle-branch block]. PMID- 6994360 TI - [Miquel Serveto (1511-1553)--the discoverer of pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 6994361 TI - [Medical curiosities 160 years ago]. PMID- 6994363 TI - [Fine structure and innervation of arterio-venous anastomoses (AVAs) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994362 TI - [Methylation of nucleic acids and its relation to carcinogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - The physiological methylation of nucleic acids and its relation to their biological function are discussed and compared with the methylation which occurs during chemical, viral and radiation carcinogenesis. The significance of methylated nucleic acid components as cancer markers is evaluated. PMID- 6994364 TI - [Portocaval shunt, intestinal venous diversion: effect on lipid-metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994365 TI - [Serum gastrin following renal transplantation]. AB - Basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations were determined in 26 renal transplant patients and compared with the values found in 5 normal subjects. All subjects received a solid test meal consisting of 25 g protein, 47 g fat and 58 g carbohydrates. All patients were in a non-uraemic state and received combined prednisolone-azathioprine treatment. 5 patients had a peptic ulcer. There was no significant difference in the mean serum gastrin concentrations of the two groups, either with respect to basal or postprandial values. On calculating mean gastrin concentrations of patients given high (over 20 mg daily) or low (under 20 mg daily) prednisolone dosage, again no difference was found in comparison with the normal subjects. Similarly, no difference was observed in the mean serum gastrin levels between ulcer patients and normal controls. We conclude from these results that, in contrast to the findings in chronic uraemic patients, gastrin metabolism is normal in renal transplant recipients and that the high indicence of gastrointestinal complications, especially peptic ulcer, cannot be due to a disturbed gastrin metabolism in these patients. PMID- 6994367 TI - [Aspects of the history of x-ray therapy in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - Even before the turn of the century, the dermatologist Leopold Freund tried to treat a hairy naevus on the back of a child with the rays Roentgen had discovered in 1895 when all known forms of therapy had failed. Loss of hair, as desired, resulted therein. In order to prove that electric currents were not the effective agent, Freund abducted them and treated another part of the naevus pigmentosus piliferus, however, for a longer period in order to compensate for the supposed loss of energy. An ulcer resulted. A number of renowned researchers doubted the biological effect of the X-rays. Freund also began to doubt his original opinion and later even attacked his very own discovery. Only the findings of Robert Kienbock, after having carefully examined them, let Freund accept his former opinion again. Guido Holzknecht, recognized as a pioneer of X-ray diagnosis even before the First World War, occupied himself successfully with X-ray therapy under the influence of Kienbock. He may be regarded as one of the world's first radiobiologists. Vincenz Czerny, of Austrian origin, and a pupil of Theodor Billroth, became a promotor of the X-ray therapy of malignant blastomas in Heidelberg. K. H. Karcher, who has been head of the Department of Radiotherapy, Vienna University, for the past ten years is a graduate of this famous school. PMID- 6994366 TI - [The ability to influence primary rejection of xenogeneic renal transplants in the species system fox-dog by immunosuppressive agents, antisera and antigen preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994368 TI - [Intensive care of acute respiratory distress syndrome in septic shock--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - The acute respiratory distress syndrome being a critical complication of septic shock limits the patient's survival. A significant advance in treatment is the use of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP). As microthrombosis of the lung microcirculation seems to be one of the pathogenetic factors of RDS, fibrinolytic treatment may be tried as an additional therapeutic possibility, even in life-threatening situations. In this case we report on the treatment of shock lung resulting from septic shock occurring after diagnostic amniocentesis in the 16th week of pregnancy, this being a rare complication. By applying the principles of treatment described above --"Super PEEP" with 20 cm H2O and fibrinolysis with urokinase despite the presence of absolute contraindications- the respiratory insufficiency could be controlled. PMID- 6994369 TI - [Pulmonary artery pressure measurement for assessment of bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (author's transl)]. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study with 9 patients suffering from ischemic cardiomyopathy with cardiac failure, the effect of 3 different drug preparations on pulmonary artery pressure (PA-pressure) was studied. Iso-Ameritrat is a new drug-combination consisting of a sweet-tasting wrap containing 2.5 mg Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) and of a bitter-tasting core containing 10 mg Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) and 200 mg Meprobamate. A statistically significant decrease of PA-pressure values could be observed already 3 minutes after administration of Iso-Ameritrat. Within the next minutes this decrease even augmented and lasted over the whole period of measurement (30 minutes). After administration of the second drug preparation (Ameritrat), containing 10 mg PETN and 200 mg Meprobamate in the core, but not any nitrate in the wrap a slight but also statistically significant decrease of PA-pressure values could be documented. Therefore a sublingual resorption of PETN can be assumed. The precise beginning of the effect of PETN couldn't be assured, but it must be within 5 minutes. A thir preparation, containing only 200 mg Meprobamate in the bitter tasting core caused no significant decrease of PA-pressure values. PMID- 6994370 TI - [Microbiology for clinical and general practice use. Collection and transport of materials for microbiologic study]. PMID- 6994371 TI - The birth throes of the Wisconsin Medical Practice Act: the physicians versus the newspaper editors. PMID- 6994372 TI - Sutureless bowel anastomosis--an historical perspective. PMID- 6994373 TI - Anemia during hard physical training (sports anemia) and its causal mechanism with special reference to protein nutrition. PMID- 6994374 TI - A review of variations in the concentrations of metabolites in the blood of beef and dairy cattle associated with physiology, nutrition and disease, with particular reference to the interpretation of metabolic profiles. PMID- 6994375 TI - Pancreatic lipase. PMID- 6994376 TI - [Improvement of examination results of missing teeth and planning of partial dentures]. PMID- 6994377 TI - [30 years of social hygiene at Halle University]. PMID- 6994378 TI - [Preventive factors in rehabilitation and their realization]. PMID- 6994379 TI - [Clinical significance and study of granulocyte function]. AB - Concerning the total defense of the body the function of granulocytes in the determining parts of phagocytosis (motility, chemotaxis, opsonation, ingestion, microbicidia) are described and the congenital and acquired distrubances of phagocytosis are treated as short survey as well as partly explained by clinical examples. Out of the manifold possibilities of examinations of the function of granulocytes the NBT-test is described as an estimation of the function of granulocytes usable in clinical routine wotk and its application is recommended. PMID- 6994380 TI - [Bullous variant of dermatitis herpetiformis in children]. PMID- 6994381 TI - [Glucose assimilation, insulin secretion and insulin sensititivy in psoriasis patients]. AB - The discussion about a connection between diabetes and psoriasis is picked up again. Serum-values of glucose, insulin and C-peptide after intravenous glucose load and of glucose and C-peptide after intravenous insulin-load were tested. The level of insulin and C-peptide after i. v. glucose-load was found higher in psoriasis-patients (hyperinsulinism). Considering earlier investigations and new results in diabetes-research (incretin concept), a connection between the two diseases must be denied. The carbohydratemetabolism-deviation in psoriasis could be declared by an enteropathy. PMID- 6994382 TI - The penetration of the salivary glands of Rhodnius prolixus by Trypanosoma rangeli. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the mechanism of penetration of the salivary gland of the reduviid bug Rhodnius prolixus by Trypanosoma rangeli showed that trypanosomes from the haemocoele penetrate the outer "membranes" of the gland flagellum foremost, disrupting the inner layers, to pass between the muscle cells to reach the gland cell basement membrane. This latter is also penetrated flagellum foremost, the parasite invaginating the gland cell plasmalemma beneath, to create a vacuole in which the trypanosome crosses the gland cells to reach the central lumen, often only losing its containing vacuole just before leaving the cell. The structure of the outer "membranes" surrounding the salivary gland appearland cells. These outer "membranes" were found to enclose large numbers of multinucleate "giant form" trypanosomes, whose significance is as yet unknown, but could perhaps represent a stage in the life cycle of the parasite where genetic interchange could take place. PMID- 6994383 TI - [Role of disorders in the creator bond system in the mechanism of malignant neoplasm development]. PMID- 6994384 TI - [Mechanism and nature of normal hemolysis and hemolysis occurring under extreme conditions]. PMID- 6994385 TI - [Molecular basis for differentiation of erythroid cells and regulation of the biosynthesis of individual types of hemoglobin]. PMID- 6994386 TI - [Radiation and antibody formation ("dose--effect" relationship)]. PMID- 6994387 TI - [Molecular heterogeneity of collagen]. PMID- 6994388 TI - [Certain molecular-kinetic characteristics of pentose phosphate shunt enzymes]. PMID- 6994390 TI - The crucial role of fetal age in amniotic fluid interpretation. PMID- 6994389 TI - [Migration and dispersion of T- and B-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6994391 TI - [Great victory and struggle for peace]. PMID- 6994392 TI - [Ways of improving the results of malignant lymphoma treatment]. PMID- 6994393 TI - [Current modalities for breast cancer treatment]. PMID- 6994396 TI - [What became of them? I. A bottle nipple and a jaw-shaper, 25 years after their invention]. PMID- 6994394 TI - [Formation of bullae in Lever's bullous pemphigoid (electron-microscopic studies)]. PMID- 6994395 TI - [Specific and nonspecific immunity factors in experimental syphilis in rabbits]. PMID- 6994397 TI - [Metal ceramics. Luxury prosthesis of optimum standard? Considerations on a current problem]. PMID- 6994398 TI - [Development of metal ceramics]. PMID- 6994399 TI - [Dental casting and impression: borderline between dentistry and dental technology--precision and effectiveness are the goals]. PMID- 6994400 TI - [Considerations on the accessory mandibular recess from the view of expandability of total lower prostheses]. PMID- 6994401 TI - [Articulated bridge prosthesis with cast metal body]. PMID- 6994402 TI - [Risk of caries and tooth loss in various anchoring and supporting constructions]. PMID- 6994403 TI - [Payr's capsuloplasty]. AB - Payr's capsuloplasty invented for the security of the suture of the renal pelvis is excellently suited for the covering of a tight suture of the renal pelvis which could not be achieved on account of particular conditions. Thus, in these cases postoperative urinary fistulae may be vastly avoided. In the department in 1,142 pyelotomies the capsuloplasty was applied up to now in 17 cases. PMID- 6994404 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in urology]. PMID- 6994407 TI - [Method and technology of the fixed denture]. PMID- 6994408 TI - [Health insurance. Contracts and payments since 1935]. PMID- 6994405 TI - [Dragon's teeth and sacrifices]. PMID- 6994409 TI - [Social insurance from 1883 to 1962]. PMID- 6994406 TI - [Alginate as an impression material. Preparation and clinical use]. PMID- 6994410 TI - [Quantitative technic in the diagnosis of nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - A total of 356 sputum samples from patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis were used in tests carried out in order to compare the method of qualitative analysis for the detection of nonspecific microflora and the method of quantitative estimation proposed by Dixon and Miller. In the process of this work the guantitative method was rationally modified, which allowed to decrease its cost while making it more reliable. The main advantage of the proposed modification lies in the possibility to greatly facilitate the detection of the etiological agent of the inflammatory process. PMID- 6994411 TI - [Determination of the proteolytic activity of staphylococci by an accelerated method]. PMID- 6994413 TI - [Use of the Coombs' test and the fluorescent antibody technic in order to detect incomplete antibodies in brucellosis patients]. AB - The serological data obtained in the survey of persons working on cattle-breeding farms with registered cases of brucellosis and chronic brucellosis patients are presented. The survey was made with the use of the Coombs test and the indirect immunofluorescent method. The high diagnostic value of the Coombs antiglobulin test was confirmed. The data obtained by the Coombs test and the indirect immunofluorescent method in the detection of incomplete antibodies were found to be correlated. PMID- 6994412 TI - [Neutralization of tetanus toxin in the body]. PMID- 6994414 TI - [Mechanism and means of eliminating induced luminescence in immunofluorescence]. AB - The causes of the appearance of induced fluorescence are discussed. The classification of its different forms is proposed. A hypothesis on the role of cytophilic properties of fluorescent antibodies in the mechanism of induced nonspecific fluorescence is put forward. This hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the studies in the field of obtaining the Fab fragments of fluorescent antibodies and their approbation. Conclusion has been made concerning the good prospects and advisability of using the Fab fragments of antibodies as an immunofluorescent reagent; the Fab fragments of pure antibodies may be considered an ideal variant of such a reagent. PMID- 6994416 TI - [Mechanisms of intrahospital urinary infections with proteus]. AB - The study of 812 washings showed that Proteus is seldom detected in the environment of the patients with spinal traumas and infections of the urinary system. This can be attributed to the low resistance of Proteus to drying revealed by special experiments. The survival time was 1 day for Pr. vulgaris, 2 week for Pr. rettgeri, 5 and 7 months for E. coli and enterococcus, respectively. Dienes's test made with 90 Proteus strains revealed the common source of contamination in a half of the observations made, thus confirming the hospital origin of Proteus contamination of urine at a definite period of time (3-4 months) and establishing that an almost complete change of the strains occurred during 8 months of observation. In the author's opinion, the source of Proteus is the patients' urine; Proteus can spread therefrom as a result of the insufficiently thorough sanitary treatment of the hands of the medical personnel and the urogenital area of the patients. PMID- 6994417 TI - [Microorganisms and the immune system]. PMID- 6994415 TI - [Specific disappearance of macrophages from the peritoneal exudate of guinea pigs following administration of Sh. sonnei endotoxin]. PMID- 6994418 TI - [Pathogenesis of salmonelloses. Fate of the agent in the early stages of the experimental infectious process]. AB - The fate of S. typhimurium was followed during the first 5 hours after infection, and a high invasive activity of Salmonella was revealed. After the oral and enteral infection of the animals with several billion organisms, the latter penetrated the blood and internal organs within 10 minutes. When introduced orally, the organisms disseminated by the hematogenic route primarily in the regional lymph nodes and the lungs, but through the blood the infective agent also penetrated the liver and persisted in this organ for a longer period, accumulating in a considerable amount. 10-30 minutes after infection by introducing Salmonella into the lumen of the duodenum most of the organisms were localized in the intestinal tissue, mesenterial lymph nodes and the liver. The organisms persisted in the mouth cavity and the pharynx during the whole period of observation, but in the contents of the intestine they not only stopped proliferating, but quickly died. PMID- 6994419 TI - [Clinical picture of central nervous system lesions in hematosarcoma]. AB - A description of 21 patients suffering from lympho- and reticulosarcomas with metastatic affections of the cerebral and spinal meninges (20 patients) and an intracerebral solitary tumour (one patient) is presented. In 17 cases the diagnosis was confirmed on autopsy. The neurological picture was similar to the clinical picture of basal (7 patients) or cerebrospinal (9 patients) meningitis. Isolated spinal lesions were infrequent (4 patients). The cerebrospinal liquor showed, as a rule, a protein-cellular dissociation; in individual cases a high blastic pleocytosis was observed. A favourable effect on the disease course was produced by methotrexate which was injected endolumbarly. PMID- 6994420 TI - [Nikolai Vasil'evich Konovalov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6994421 TI - [Georgii Vasil'evich Morozov]. PMID- 6994422 TI - Bromocriptine and Parkinson's disease: a 16-hour clinical evaluation. AB - The disability score (Webster rating scale) in 12 parkinsonian patients on bromocriptine treatment was evaluated hourly from 06-22 h. Bromocriptine was taken at fixed hours (06, 14, and 22 h) in equal doses. No systematic changes during the day related to bromocriptine ingestion were observed. Only one patient experienced pronounced hyperkinesia, "On-off" phenomenas were not observed during the treatment with bromocriptine. PMID- 6994423 TI - Myelination around multiple axons in the peripheral nerve. An unusual ultrastructural observation. AB - Electron micrographs have been presented, demonstrating myelin ation around multiple axons. This is an exception from the normal 1:1 relationship of axon to Schwann cell in a myelinated peripheral nerve fibre. PMID- 6994425 TI - Endothelial cell densities in donor and recipient tissue after keratoplasty. AB - A specular microscope was used to photograph the cell densities of the central cornea of the graft and the peripheral recipient cornea in a total of 32 human eyes. The follow-up period varied from 8 months to 13 years, with an average of 4.7 years. The mean endothelial cell count in the graft was 997 +/- 356 cells/mm2 and 1410 +/- 584 cells/mm2 in the recipient's peripheral cornea. The mean difference in cell counts between donor and recipient tissues was 413 +/- 718 cells/mm2 (29%). There were great disparities between graft and recipient cell densities. One patient with keratoconus had a graft/recipient differential in cell density of 3 to 1. In four cases the cell density was higher in the graft than in the recipient. Of these grafts, two had been stored in M-K medium and two had been cryopreserved. The great difference in cell density observed between the graft and recipient corneas strongly suggests that little, if any, cell migration occurs between graft and recipient. This suggests that the scar tissue forms a barrier to cell migration between graft and recipient. PMID- 6994424 TI - Striated muscle ultrastructure in uremic patients and in renal transplant recipients. AB - Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 19 patients with chronic renal failure were studied by electron microscopy. Thirteen of the biopsies contained pathological muscle fibers. Myopathic findings, such as autolysis and phagocytosis, were seen in eight. Neurogenic findings, such as small atrophic fibers, were observed in seven. Non-specific changes, such as myofibrillar degeneration, abnormal vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, and lipofuscin pigment were also frequent findings. The structural changes from normal were quantitatively more frequent and qualitatively more severe in the muscles of the hemodialysis patients in comparison with those seen in the other patient groups (diet, transplant). PMID- 6994426 TI - Endothelial cell density in donor corneas. AB - In 68 pairs of donor corneas the endothelial cells were visualized by provoked swelling of the cell borders in isotonic saline. In cornea from donors below 50 years of age numerical cell density was correlated to age. This was not the case in corneas from older donors. The cell densities in paired corneas were correlated. The cell density in the second cornea of a pair was found to be within x +/- 10.97% (+/-1.98SD) of the first cornea. The precision of this estimate could only be improved insignificantly by correction for age, sex, mean cell density or variation of the mean. PMID- 6994427 TI - Collegium of otorhinolaryngology: President's address. PMID- 6994428 TI - Recent theoretical and practical problems in the cell mediated immunological reactions in cases of laryngeal cancer. AB - It is considered that malignant tumors appear more often when cellular immunity is deficient. Skin DNCB tests were positive in 40% of the cases with early laryngeal cancer, as compared with the 85--90% of positive responses obtained in healthy persons. T-lymphocytes and their products (lymphokines and transfer factors) play an important role. Although B-lymphocytes and their humoral antibodies are the main factors contributing to faster tumor growth, an interaction can occur between T and B lymphocytes, leading sometimes to synergism. The patient's immunologic status during the course of disease and the local reaction of lymphocytes in the tumor area are two important elements in the prognosis and therapeutic approach. PMID- 6994430 TI - The uptake of 14C-chloroquine by mouse pancreatic islets in vitro. AB - The uptake of 14C-chloroquine by isolated mouse pancreatic islets in vitro was investigated. The islets were found to have a very high capacity to accumulate the substance. The uptake of 14C-chloroquine in the islets was a saturable process. Metabolic inhibitors, ouabain, anaerobic conditions and absence of glucose did not inhibit the uptake of 14C-chloroquine in the islets, suggesting that the substance is accumulated by some means other than energy-dependent active transport or pinocytosis. The uptake of 14C-chloroquine was inhibited by low temperature and low pH and in the presence of mepacrine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and desmethylimipramine. Only a small part of the 14C-chloroquine which had been taken up in the islets left the cells during 45 min. incubation in non-radioactive media. Two possible mechanisms for the uptake of 14C-chloroquine in the islets are considered: (1) The accumulation may be due to a binding of the substance to cellular constituents. (2) Chloroquine may be trapped by protonation within lysosomes or other membrane-surrounded organelles with low pH. PMID- 6994429 TI - IgA transport mechanism through the human nasal mucosa: an immunoenzymatic ultrastrutural study. AB - The role of secretory IgA antibodies in the antiviral and antibacterial defense of the higher respiratory tract has been widely demonstrated, and the IgA determination in the nasal secretion has become of the highest value in the clinical study. The mechanism by which IgA reaches nasal secretion through the mucosa is still a matter of discussion and neither hypothesis put forward by Tomasi (i.e. free filtration through the epithelic-connectival interstitium or transcellular transport plus active secretion) has so far been fully demonstrated. By using a horseradish peroxidase labeled IgG directed against human IgA we have performed, with suitable controls, a semi-quantitative study on semi-thin and thin section of the IgA behaviour at the level of human nasal mucosa. We have shown that IgA, made up and secreted in the connectival interstitium by specific plasma cells, would be taken up by endocytosis by epithelial cells, where it can be seen especially in the Golgi apparatus and in the large secretion granules. Since in the intracellular transport of pinocytic vesicles actin microfilaments and microtubules undoubtedly play a major role, with ATP utilisation, further studies using either physical factors (e.g. exposure to cold) effecting ATP utilisation or chemical ones (e.g. cytochalasin B and colchicine) depolymering respectively microfilaments and microtubules, should be performed in order to bring further proofs in favor of the active transport IgA mechanism suggested by our present investigations. PMID- 6994433 TI - The transcendental meditation program's effect on addictive behavior. PMID- 6994431 TI - Changes in the contractile proteins of skeletal muscles induced by steroid myopathy. AB - The effect of chronic dexamethasone treatment was investigated on the myofibriller proteins of slow (soleus) and fast (semimembranous) muscles. The relative quantities of actin, protein C and protein M increased, while the myosin, troponin inhibitor and calcium binding components showed a relative decrease in both muscle types. The amount of troponin regulatory component and alpha-actinin decreased only in the fast muscle, while tropomyosin decreased significantly in the slow muscle. The isoenzyme pattern of fast muscle myosin was altered as a consequence of decreased myosin (LC-3 subunit. PMID- 6994432 TI - The effects of adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline and cholinergic stimulation with acetyl-beta-methylcholine on differentiation of haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6994434 TI - Hypnosis and the addictions: a critical review. PMID- 6994436 TI - Enkephalins as possible adrenomedullary hormones: storage, secretion, and regulation of synthesis. PMID- 6994435 TI - Opiate peptides in bovine adrenal gland. PMID- 6994437 TI - Breakdown of opiate peptides by brain cathepsins and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase. PMID- 6994438 TI - Properties variations and possible synaptic functions of "enkephalinase": a newly characterised dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase. PMID- 6994439 TI - On the enzymatic degradation of enkephalins: pharmacological implications. PMID- 6994440 TI - Regulation of pituitary endorphins under steroids treatment and during day-night cycle. PMID- 6994441 TI - Anatomical localization of enkephalin immunoreactive sites in rat forebrain. PMID- 6994442 TI - Pharmacologic manipulation of brain and pituitary endorphin content and release. PMID- 6994443 TI - Psychopathology and endorphins. AB - Suggestive evidence exists linking endorphins to the schizophrenic syndrome; narcotic antagonists appear to slightly attenuate some symptoms, attentional performance is improved and CSF opiate-binding substances are reported to be elevated in a sub-group of patients. Many fewer affectively ill patients have been studied and little evidence has accumulated suggesting a relationship between symptoms of affective illness and endorphins although CSF endorphins appear elevated in some manic-depressive patients and "pain patients" with depression have higher CSF endorphins than pain patients without depression. Catatonic symptoms as well as other psychomotor functions remain promising areas for study. Opioid effects on manic symptoms have been reported by only a few research groups and would benefit from study with longer-acting antagonists administered daily. PMID- 6994444 TI - Hypothesis: genes and neuroactive peptides from food as cause of schizophrenia. PMID- 6994445 TI - alpha-Neo-endorphin: a "big" leu-enkephalin from porcine hypothalami. PMID- 6994446 TI - Endorphins: developmental, cellular, and behavioral aspects. PMID- 6994447 TI - Cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the mammalian CNS: distribution and possible physiological roles. PMID- 6994449 TI - Clinical chemistry of pregnancy. PMID- 6994450 TI - Genetic and drug-induced variation in serum albumin. PMID- 6994448 TI - Current state of the art in the HPLC analyses of free nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases in biological fluids. AB - Because of the use of HPLC for the determination of free nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases in samples of biological origin, investigations that were very difficult or impossible to perform only a decade ago are now possible. Microparticulate, totally porous, chhemically bonded particles appear to be the column packings that will be used routinely in the future because analyses are achieved with high sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, and speed. These packings are stable, the results are reproducible, and the data are quantitative. In addition, the reversed-phase mode of HPLC offers improvements over the ion exchange mode for the analysis of nucleosides, bases, and other UV-absorbing compounds which are not ionic. However, the ion-exchange mode may be used as a complementary method for very polar or ionic compounds which are eluted too rapidly with reversed phase. A sample can be chromatographed with each mode and a profile--a complete picture of nucleotide, nucleoside, and base levels in the sample--obtained. Alternatively, ion pairing can be used with the reversed-phase mode; thus both the ionic and lipophilic compounds can be determined in one separation. PMID- 6994451 TI - The use of high pressure liquid chromatography in clinical chemistry and biomedical research. PMID- 6994452 TI - Aging and changes in genetic information. PMID- 6994454 TI - Role of the immune system in aging. PMID- 6994453 TI - Cells, signals, and receptors: the role of physiological autoantibodies in maintaining homeostasis. PMID- 6994455 TI - Neuroendocrine function and aging. PMID- 6994456 TI - Effect of adult thymectomy on immune potentials, endocrine organs and tumor incidence in long-lived mice. AB - The data presented here indicate that the thymus plays an important role not only in the early ontogenic development of the immune system, but also in the maintenance of the immune potentials throughout the course of life. Moreover, thymic function is closely interrelated with functions of the other endocrine organs. PMID- 6994457 TI - Central vs. peripheral aging. PMID- 6994458 TI - The aging process in the neuron. PMID- 6994461 TI - ["Stretching" and "superstretching" the body form of children and juveniles as a manner of artist's creations--is is induced by the phenomenon of so-called acceleration (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994460 TI - [Mother-child correlations in growth and development (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994459 TI - Linkage analysis in man. PMID- 6994463 TI - The effect of vitamin E on the toxicity of cadmium in cadmium-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6994462 TI - The effect of catalase on the toxicity of cadmium in cadmium-sensitive and cadmium-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6994464 TI - Measurement of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease and antinucleases. Applicability for the assessment of mastitic milk. PMID- 6994465 TI - Antibodies against staphylococcal and streptococcal nucleases in bovine blood serum and milk. PMID- 6994466 TI - Nucleases of some udder pathogenic organisms. In vivo and in vitro production. PMID- 6994467 TI - Nuclease of staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from mastitic milk. Production and some properties. PMID- 6994468 TI - Amino acid metabolism in uremia: insights gained from normal and diabetic man. AB - The physiology of the interorgan exchange of amino acids in healthy subjects and in insulin-dependent diabetics is reviewed and compared with changes observed in patients with chronic renal failure. In contrast to the diabetic, who has elevated fasting branched-chain amino acid levels and diminished muscle uptake of branched-chain amino acid following protein feeding, fasting levels of leucine, isoleucine, and valine are decreased in uremia. Furthermore, the decline in branched-chain amino acids following insulin in normal and intracellular levels of leucine and isoleucine have been reported to be normal. With respect to alanine metabolism, the diabetic state is characterized by diminished fasting alanine levels which are due to a 2-fold increase in splanchnic alanine extraction. Accordingly, gluconeogenesis can potentially account for over 30 to 40% of hepatic glucose production compared to 15 to 20% in normal man. In uremia, fasting alanine levels are normal and hepatic alanine uptake is not increased. Similarly, basal hepatic glucose production, as well as suppression of glucose production following insulin, are normal in uremic subjects. Thus, although uremia is characterized by abnormalities in the metabolism of many individual amino acids, it does not appear to share the same disturbances in alanine and branched-chain amino acid metabolism that are associated with insulin deficiency. PMID- 6994469 TI - Inhibitory effects of plasma dialysate on protein synthesis in vitro: influence of dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 6994471 TI - Glucose intolerance in uremia: site and mechanism. PMID- 6994470 TI - In vitro suppression of insulin-mediated amino acid uptake in uremic skeletal muscle. AB - Resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake is well documented in uremia. We have previously reported that in vivo resistance to insulin mediated amino acid uptake is present in the skeletal muscle of acutely uremic rats. This report compares the effect of insulin on in vitro 14C alpha-amino isobutyric acid and cycloleucine uptake by skeletal muscle from uremic and control rats. Intracellular accumulation of 14C alpha-amino isobutyric acid were normal in the diaphragm and epitrochlear muscle of acutely uremic rats in the absence of insulin. However, insulin failed to further stimulate amino acid uptake in both tissues. Insulin also failed to stimulate cellular uptake of cycloleucine in skeletal muscle from acutely uremic animals. Resistance to insulin-mediated amino acid uptake was evident in rats with chronic uremia. This resistance to insulin mediated increases in intracellular amino acid concentration may contribute to the abnormal depression in protein synthesis or the exaggerated gluconeogenesis and alanine turnover seen in uremia. PMID- 6994472 TI - An inquiry into the mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6994473 TI - Atherosclerosis in uremia: a longitudinal study. AB - The ways by which uremia may lead to atherosclerosis are still unknown. Furthermore, whether atherosclerosis is accelerated with prolonged hemodialysis is still under debate. The results of a longitudinal study carried out in 47 selected patients who were treated first with dietary regimen followed by dialysis and then transplantation indicate: 1) The longer the duration of uremia on low protein diet, the worse are the clinical and metabolic problems of atherosclerosis. 2) In subsequent regular dialysis treatment 2 distinct clinical and metabolic pictures may emerge, slowly progressive or comparatively accelerated, according to whether dialysis is initiated early or late. 3) In subsequent transplantation the avoidance of risk factors largely depends on the time at which regular dialysis begins. 4) Early direct transplantation without dialysis proves similar to transplantation in patients treated with early dialysis as far as prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis is concerned. PMID- 6994474 TI - Blood levels of branched-chain amino acids and alpha-ketoacids in uremic patients given keto analogues of essential amino acids. PMID- 6994475 TI - Double-blind cross-over study with oral alpha-ketoacids in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - In 15 ambulatory patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance, 9.9 +/- 3.0 ml/min) the effect of oral supplementation with alpha-ketoacids has been compared with that of placebo. The protein intake amounted to 0.55 g protein per kilogram body weight of high biological value, as estimated by dietary recordings. After a control period of 3 months the patients received, in a double blind study, 1.05 g alpha-ketoacids/10 kg body weight per day or a placebo for 6 weeks with a subsequent cross-over. Fasting blood samples were analyzed at 3-week intervals for routine laboratory parameters and 17 proteins. Anthropometric and clinical data have been recorded every 3 weeks. While therapy with alpha ketoacids diminished PO4 levels (P less than 0.05), no other significant effect could be demonstrated. No signs of protein deficiency existed either before or during alpha-ketoacid therapy. Therefore, supplementation with alpha-ketoacids appears to be superfluous in patients with renal insufficiency maintained on a 40 g protein diet. PMID- 6994476 TI - An historical analysis of Chinese drugs in the treatment of hormonal diseases, goitre and diabetes mellitus. AB - Through the Chinese drugs appearing in prescriptions for hormonal diseases which were recorded in standard medical collections in Chinese historical texts, we look for the Chinese conception of their empirical cures. PMID- 6994478 TI - Interpretive reporting of laboratory data. Biochemical profile of an acute myocardial infarct. AB - For cases of myocardial infarction, the laboratory must provide data to help clarify diagnosis, determine prognosis, follow the course of healing, and even quantitate the injury. An interpretive report of sequential enzyme studies performed on samples obtained during the first 48 hours after the admission of patients who had myocardial infarctions is described. The report is composed by using a modest data processing apparatus, incorporates comments based on the results of preprogrammed correlative studies, and calculates the extent of the injury in gram-equivalents of myocardium. Using this approach, analysts and clinicians should be able to design a biochemical profile of a myocardial infarct suitable for use in their own institution. PMID- 6994479 TI - Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination methods for detection of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen. AB - An enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide in human body fluids is described. The enzyme immunoassay detects cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide at a concentration of 6 ng/ml, compared with 35 ng/ml detectable by the latex agglutination test. The enzyme immunoassay detects cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide in body-fluid specimens that are negative by the latex agglutination test. Titers by enzyme immunoassay are generally higher and persist longer into the treatment period than those determined by latex agglutination. No cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide is detected by the enzyme immunoassay procedure in fluids from subjects not known to have cryptococcosis. The enzyme immunoassay procedure presented here provides earlier detection of cryptococcal material in body fluids, and thereby diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis can be made earlier in the course of disease. PMID- 6994480 TI - Prednisolone clearance in renal transplantation. AB - Although prednisolone is the most common immunosuppressive agent used in renal transplantation, an accurate formulation of the optimal dose regimen remains to be established. A sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay was developed for this purpose. Fifty microliters of 1:20 dilutions of serum or 1:200 dilutions of urine were incubated at room temperature for two hours with 130 pg of 3H-prednisolone (150muCi/microgram) and a rabbit antiserum against prednisolone (1:1,600 dilution). Serial prednisolone clearances (Cp) for ten renal transplant patients representing variable allograft functions were compared with their corresponding creatine clearances (Cer). The data show that renal metabolism of prednisolone is well correlated with Ccr. Increasing (decreasing) Ccr is accompanied by increasing (decreasing) Cp. The availability of an assay for serum prednisolone, together with a knowledge of the ratio between these two clearances, may prove useful for regulating therapy in renal transplant patients. PMID- 6994477 TI - Postoperative pain relief by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). AB - In prospective, random assignment of 2 groups of 15 patients, relief of postoperative pain with narcotic medications was evaluated and compared with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for 2 days immediately following surgery. Presence of ileus and hospital stay were identical in both groups. Patients on TENS demonstrated a marked significant decrease in the amount of narcotics administered. There was favorable nursing, physician and patient acceptance to these devices. Further clinical evaluation is, therefore, in progress. PMID- 6994481 TI - Mycobacterium xenopi and pulmonary disease. AB - Mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from a portion of surgically resected lung of an asymptomatic patient who had a renal transplant. The patient was receiving azathioprine and prednisone for the prevention of transplant rejection, as well as treatment for previously diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. M. xenopi infection was recognized as a second mycobacterial infection. The role of M. xenopi as an opportunistic pathogen in the compromised host is emphasized. PMID- 6994483 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Immunoglobulin quantitation was performed on pretherapy sera from 120 patients who had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an attempt to correlate abnormalities with histologic cell type and pattern. Patients with diffuse lymphomas had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher levels of IgG and IgA than patients with follicular lymphomas. Furthermore, polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia was overall more common than hypoimmunoglobulinemia, and abnormally high immunoglobulin levels were most frequently found in patients who had diffuse histologic patterns. The highest values were associated with either lymphomas composed of T (thymus-derived) cells or large B (bursa-derived) cells. The incidence of quantitative immunoglobulin abnormalities in patients with T-cell lymphomas was comparable with that in patients with B-cell lymphomas. These abnormalities in the former group of patients were exclusively above the normal range, whereas they were equally above and below the normal range in the latter group. The frequent polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia in patients with T-cell lymphomas may be related to the pathophysiology of these lesions. PMID- 6994482 TI - Use of radioimmunoassay antibodies for immunocytochemistry. PMID- 6994485 TI - Clinical evaluation of an algorithm for interpreting biochemical profiles showing hyperbilirubinemia. AB - An interpretive algorithm for biochemical profiles showing an elevated serum bilirubin concentration has been evaluated, modified, and retested in a retrospective clinical study, and is now being used at Charity Hospital in New Orleans to aid in the generation of interpretive comments to accompany the laboratory report. Further attempts to assess the clinical usefulness of this policy seem merited. PMID- 6994484 TI - Emit assays for five major anticonvulsant drugs. An evaluation of adaptations to two discrete kinetic analyzers. AB - Because of the complex reaction kinetics observed with the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technic (EMIT), each adaptation of these assays must be specifically evaluated. Evaluations were done of the totally automated adaptations of these immunoassays for diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, and ethosuximide to two kinetic analyzers that use markedly different reaction conditions, the Gilford System 3500 and the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer-100. Comparisons of data from EMIT assays on the Gilford 3500 with data from EMIT assays on the ABA-100 and with data from gas-liquid chromatographic analyses for the five anticonvulsant drugs showed good correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.96) and little or no additive or proportional biases, as determined by joint confidence intervals. Between-run precision for each EMIT anticonvulsant drug assay on both analyzers was less than 6%, better than that obtained with gas chromatography. No interference by more than 40 different drugs, by hemoglobin (6 g/l), or by bilirubin (200 mg/l), and no or minimal cross-reactivity with any of the five EMIT anticonvulsant drug assays on either analyzer were found. PMID- 6994486 TI - Measurement of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - A radioimmunoassay for C-peptide utilizing synthetic C-peptide as an antigen and tyrosylated synthetic C-peptide for iodination was evaluated for its clinical use. Mean fasting C-peptide levels in 24 normal subjects was 2.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml. During the oral glucose tolerance test, baseline C-peptide in five normal subjects was 1.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, and at 60 min was 5.6 +/- 1.6 ng/ml. For two insulin-dependent diabetic patients, diagnoses of factitious hypoglycemia were documented on the basis of simultaneous free insulin and C-peptide determinations. Sera from 24 insulin-dependent diabetics were analyzed for free and total immunoreactive C-peptide and insulin levels. For 20% of juvenile and 64% of maturity-onset diabetics, the presence of proinsulin-like material bound to insulin antibodies was demonstrated by measurement in unextracted serum. This accounted for 20% to 100% of total C-peptide immunoreactivity in these patients. Simple polyethylene glycol precipitation of immune complexes and the measurement of free immunoreactive C-peptide in the supernatant demonstrated subnormal levels (less than 0.5 ng/ml) in all juvenile diabetics and normal levels (1.8 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) in 70% of maturity-onset diabetics. PMID- 6994487 TI - Migration of inflorescence: complications of grass head aspiration. PMID- 6994488 TI - Streptococcal neonatal osteomyelitis. PMID- 6994489 TI - The legacy of John C. Cassel. PMID- 6994490 TI - Role of risk factors in complications of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6994491 TI - Cryptococcus neoformans serotype groups encountered in Oklahoma. AB - Eighty clinical and 28 soil isolates of C. neoformans obtained in Oklahoma were separated into A-D and B-C serotype groups utilizing creatinine-dextrose agar with bromthymol blue. Previously, serotype B-C clinical isolates have been frequent only in patients from Southern California where as many as 50% of the isolates are of this type. In contrast, in patients from the rest of the United States the B-C frequency has been only 6%. Of the 80 C. neoformans isolates from Oklahoma patients, 12 (15%) were serotype B-C. One-half of these 12 Oklahoma patients with serotype B-C isolates had no history of any travel to California, and were long-time residents of Oklahoma. All 28 soil isolates of C. neformans from Oklahoma in this study were serotype A-D. Since serotype B-C recovery from a soil sample has never been reported, attempts are in progress to isolate serotype B-C from the environments of these patients from Oklahoma. PMID- 6994492 TI - A survey of the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide in patients with severe aplastic anemia. AB - The members of the American Society of Hematology were surveyed to determine their experience in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia (AA) with cyclophosphamide (CYT). Among the 401 members responding, 50 had treated AA patients, and three remissions were reported. These remissions can be explained either by response to CYT in a subgroup of patients with AA due to an immune mechanism or to spontaneous remission. Clinical trials of the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of AA patients will not likely permit a distinction between drug effect and spontaneous remission until the subgroup of patients with immune-mediated AA is identified through the development of more sensitive and specific in vitro tests. PMID- 6994493 TI - Development of a somatic mutation screening system using Hb mutants. IV. Successful detection of red cells containing the human frameshift mutants Hb Wayne and Hb Cranston using monospecific fluorescent antibodies. AB - The production and purification of antibodies detecting Hb Wayne, an alpha-globin frameshift mutant, and Hb Cranston, a beta-globin frameshift mutant, are described. The antibodies are of a nonprecipitating nature, and they permit strong fluorescent labeling of erythrocytes containing Hb Wayne or Hb Cranston. Studies using artificial mixtures containing cells with either of the two mutants in frequencies ranging from 1 in 10(2) to 1 in 10(5) showed that fluorescent antibodies can detect rare mutant red cells in the presence of vast excesses of normal erythrocytes. On the basis of the structures and the molecular lesions underlying production of the two abnormal hemoglobins, we predict that the anti Hb Wayne antibody will detect several frameshift mutants resulting from deletion of 3n + 1 nucleotides or insertion of 3n + 2 nucleotides at the 5' side of the codon normally specifying residue 139 of the alpha chain. The anti-Hb Cranston antibody should be capable of detecting beta chains, the corresponding genes of which have sustained insertions of 3n + 2 nucleotides or deletions of 3n + 1 nucleotides on the 5' side of the codon normally specifying residue 144. The two antibodies may, therefore, prove to be valuable in the development of a system aimed at detecting rare erythrocytes that express mutations which arise in the hemopoietic stem cells of normal individuals and subjects exposed to mutagens. PMID- 6994495 TI - Evaluation of minoxidil. AB - The chemistry, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, clinical studies, adverse effects, toxicology, indications, contraindications, drug interactions, and dosing of minoxidil, a recently approved antihypertensive agent, are reviewed. Minoxidil is an orally effective vasodilator that selectively relaxes peripheral arteriolar smooth muscle, Reflex tachycardia, renin stimulation, and sodium retention occur when minoxidil is used and so it requires the concomitant use of a diuretic and a sympathoplegic agent, usually a beta blocker. Hirsutism and pericardial effusions are additional adverse effects. Minoxidil is indicated in the management of severe hypertension in patients who do not respond to standard antihypertensive agents. In controlled and unctrolled studies, minoxidil was effective in patients with hypertension secondary to renal or renovascular disease and in patients with essential hypertension. Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive agent with adverse effects that limit its use to patients resistant or intolerant to other drugs. PMID- 6994496 TI - Treatment of psoriasis. AB - The disease of psoriasis is examined as to its incidence, etiology, clinical manifestations, and possible complications. Drugs that might cause dermatotoxic effects are introduced as possible agents that might precede an acute attack. Topical therapy, the initial approach with most forms of mild to moderate psoriasis, may consist of glucocorticoids, keratolytics, anthralin, or coal tar. These agents may be used alone, in a standardized treatment regimen, or in combination with modifications of the standardized approach. Advantages, disadvantages, and clinical efficacy of the topical agents are reviewe. Systemic therapy is commonly reserved for those psoriatic cases that are severe or have proven refractory to topical therapy. The systemic agents are reviewed for clinical efficacy and toxicity. The oral psoralens in combination with long ultraviolet light are examined as one of the newest treatment approaches. PMID- 6994497 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: psychiatry. PMID- 6994494 TI - Human neutral alpha-glucosidase C: genetic polymorphism including a "null" allele. AB - We describe a genetic polymorphism of human neutral alpha-glucosidase C, detected in lymphoid cells by a combination of starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The seven phenotypes observed appear to result from the expression of four different alleles. The distribution of the observed phenotypes fits the expected distribution predicted from calculated gene frequencies in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Family studies are consistent with autosomal inheritance of the gene. The product of one of the alleles is unusual in that it is "silent," with an estimated gene frequency of .174 in an outbred white population. Approximately one-third of the population is heterozygous "null." Homozygosity for the allele has not been associated with any obvious disease state. This is the third example of a "null" allele which has a substantial gene frequency in an outbred population but does not appear to result in disease in the homozygous state. PMID- 6994498 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists: respiratory disease. PMID- 6994499 TI - Evaluation of nalbuphine hydrochloride. AB - The chemical properties, animal and human pharmacology, analgesic efficacy, relative potency, administration, and adverse effects of nalbuphine, a recently marketed, parenteral, strong analgesic with narcotic antagonist properties, are reviewed. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies in animals revealed no unusual adverse effects. The abuse potential of nalbuphine in man is probably similar to pentazocine. Respiratory depression produced by usual therapeutic doses of nalbuphine is equivalent to that of morphine; at higher than usual doses, nalbuphine produces less respiratory depression. Nalbuphine has few effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients without cardiac disease or with stable ischemic disease. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, nalbuphine has an advantage over morphine, pentazocine, and butorphanol of not producing hypotension. Nalbuphine is as effective and has the same potency as morphine as an analgesic, with about the same onset, peak, and duration of action. Sedation is the most common adverse effect and occurs about as often as with other strong analgesics. Nausea and vomiting occur less often. In contrast to pentazocine, the frequency of psychotomimetic reactions apparently is very low. On the basis of presently available evidence, nalbuphine appears to have fewer disadvantages than any other parenteral strong analgesic. PMID- 6994500 TI - ASHP directory. ASHP Board of Directors, councils, and committes--1980-1981. PMID- 6994501 TI - Officers of ASHP affiliated state chapters. PMID- 6994502 TI - Won't or can't? PMID- 6994503 TI - Lactoferrin in human ocular tissues. AB - The main lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal tissue from seven autopsy cases, lacrimal biopsy specimens from three patients, and conjunctival biopsy specimens from ten patients were examined for lactoferrin by an immunohistologic technique. Lactoferrin was identified and localized to acinar epithelial cells of both main and accessory lacrimal tissue. Lactoferrin was not found in conjunctival tissue except within conjunctival neutrophils. Other possible sources of human tear lactoferrin were considered, but we concluded from our data that the primary source of lactoferrin in normal human tears is the acinar epithelium of the main and accessory lacrimal glands. PMID- 6994504 TI - A clear view trephine and lamellar dissector for corneal grafting. AB - We designed a corneal trephine that permits a full view of the cornea while cutting. The drive mechanism of the trephine enables the surgeon to keep the central cutting axis of the instrument stable while the trephine is rotated. The instrument accepts variable sizes of disposable trephine blades, making it versatile and economical. We also devised a lamellar dissector with two blades to negate the splitting force that occurs during a closed lamellar dissection. It enables the surgeon to perform a closed lamellar dissection with minimal force applied to the globe and minimal risk of perforation. PMID- 6994505 TI - Extremes of urine osmolality: lack of effect on red blood cell survival. AB - Rats were allowed a third of normal water intake for 20 days, and food consumption decreased. The reticulocyte count indicated a suppression of erythropoiesis. Urine osmolality increased from 2,000 mosmol/kg to 3,390 mosmol/kg. Random hemolysis and senescence of a cohort of red blood cell (RBC) previously labeled with [2-14C]glycine was monitored via the production of 14CO. Neither hemolysis nor senescence was affected. Following water restriction, the polydipsic rats generated a hypotonic urine. Urine osmolality decreased to 1,300 mosmol/kg for at least 6 days; a reticulocytosis occurred, but RBC survival was unaffected. These results contradict those previously reported, which suggest that RBC survival is influenced by the osmotic stress imposed on the RBC by extremes of urine tonicity. This discrepancy, we conclude, is due to differences in the methods employed for measuring RBC survival. The random-labeling technique employed previously assumes a steady state between RBC production and destruction. The cohort-labeling technique used here measures hemolysis and senescence independent of changes in RBC production, which is known to be depressed by fasting. PMID- 6994507 TI - 125I-insulin: kinetics of interaction with its receptors and rate of degradation in vivo. PMID- 6994506 TI - Hyperpolarization as a mediator of insulin action: increased muscle glucose uptake induced electrically. AB - Insulin hyperpolarizes. This raises the questions: is hyperpolarization a means by which insulin exerts some of its other effects, and can electrically induced hyperpolarization mimic insulin action on membrane functions? A technique was devised to study the latter question. The technique permits electrical hyperpolarization of a segment of whole muscle. Rat caudofemoralis muscle was threaded into a triple sucrose-gap chamber. Continuous flow of sucrose displaced interstitial fluid of muscle segments in the gaps. In one electrolyte compartment between gaps was placed an anode and in the other a cathode. The muscle segment in the anodal compartment was hyperpolarized continuously for 30 min, probably by about 1.5 mV. Uptake of deoxyglucose was increased in the hyperpolarized muscle segment. This increase, by 39%, was highly significant. It was probably smaller than the twofold increase elicited by insulin (100 mU/ml), but not than the possible effect produced by 10 mU/ml. The effect of hyperpolarization was specific for the D-glucose transport system because uptake of L-glucose was not altered. PMID- 6994508 TI - Insulin secretory dynamics during development of rat pancreas. AB - The dynamics of insulin secretion during development of the fetal rat pancreas were investigated. The time of onset of glucose-induced insulin secretion was of special interest. Pancreases from 15- to 22-day-old fetal rats were perifused in vitro with low (0.5 or 0.9 mg/ml) or high (5 mg/ml) concentrations of glucose in the presence or absence of arginine and leucine. Levels of insulin in the perifusate were determined by radioimmunoassay. At day 17, a significant increase in perfusate insulin level was observed in response to arginine and leucine (each at 5 mM), This response was independent of a high concentration of glucose. In addition, perifusate insulin levels were augmented when the concentration of amino acids were kept constant and the glucose concentration was changed from a high level to a low level. On day 20, a monophasic, rapid-onset short-duration rise in insulin release with a high glucose concentration was observed. This response was enhanced by acetylcholine (2.7 x 10(-9) M). At days 21 and 22, insulin levels rose rapidly in the presence of high glucose and remained elevated. The results show that there is considerable precision in the timing of the onset and maturation of the glucose-induced insulin secretory response prenatally and reaffirm that insulin secretion by the fetal beta-cell varies with the stimulus applied. PMID- 6994509 TI - Parathyroid hormone metabolism and its potential as a uremic toxin. AB - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a universal complication of chronic renal failure. It has been proposed that the markedly elevated levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) in uremia may represent a "uremic toxin" responsible for many of the abnormalities of the uremic state. Plasma i-PTH consists of a mixture of intact hormone, a single-chain polypeptide of 84 amino acids, and smaller molecular weight hormonal fragments from both the carboxy- and amino terminal portion of the PTH molecule. The hormonal fragments arise from metabolism of intact PTH by peripheral organs as well as from secretion of fragments from the parathyroid glands. The structural requirements for the known biological actions of PTH reside in the amino-terminal portion of the PTH molecule. Carboxy-terminal fragments, biologically inactive at least in terms of adenylate cyclase activation, hypercalcemia, or phosphaturia, depend on the kidney for their removal from plasma, and thus accumulate in the circulation in chronic renal failure. It is unknown at the present time if other biological effects of these carboxy-terminal fragments may contribute to some of the biochemical alterations observed in uremia. The most significant consequence of increased PTH levels in uremia is the development of bone disease characterized by osteitis fibrosa. In addition, it would appear that PTH plays an important role in some of the abnormal electroencephalographic patterns observed in uremia. This may be due to a potential role of PTH in increasing calcium content of brain. Parathyroid hormone also has been implicated as a pathogenetic factor in many other alterations present in uremia, i.e., peripheral neuropathy, carbohydrate intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and other alterations. Unfortunately, outstanding clinical research is lacking in this field and conclusive experimental data are practically nonexistent. Further studies are necessary if one is to accept the concept of PTH being a significant "uremic toxin." PMID- 6994511 TI - Metabolic hyperemia in canine gut. PMID- 6994510 TI - Inhibition of renin secretion by HCl is related to chloride in both dog and rat. AB - To determine if inhibition of renin release by HCl is related to acidosis or to Cl-, the effects of peripheral venous infusions of HCl and H2SO4 on plasma renin activity (PRA) were compared in the dog and the rat. In NaCl-deprived, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, either 0.15 M HCl (n = 10) or 0.075 M H2SO4 (n = 7) was infused for 60 min. In 5 of the 10 HCl-infused dogs (group A), urine Cl- excretion increased (P less than 0.01) during HCl infusion. In the remaining five dogs (group B), Cl- excretion did not increase. Cl- excretion also did not increase during H2SO4 infusion. Comparable acidosis was produced in all three groups. PRA decreased (P less than 0.01) in response to HCl in group A but did not change (P greater than 0.8) in group B HCl-infused dogs or in H2SO4-infused dogs. In NaCl-deprived, anesthetized rats, PRA was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by HCl (from 40.6 +/- 9.4 to 27.4 +/- 5.3 ng . ml-1 . h-1 (SE)) but not H2SO4 (from 37.1 +/- 4.2 to 37.0 +/- 6.3 ng . ml-1 . h-1), despite comparable acidosis. Cl- excretion increased only in HCl-infused rats. In conclusion, inhibition of PRA by acute infusion of HCl is specifically related to Cl-. PMID- 6994512 TI - Fetal cardiac output measured by four-way thermodilution. AB - To measure fetal cardiac output by thermodilution, we injected 2.5 ml of iced 5% glucose rapidly into the superior vena cava and recorded areas of temperature time curves in the brachiocephalic artery (AS) and descending aorta (BS). One minute later we repeated the injection into the inferior vena cava and recorded areas under two curves (AI and BI). Cardiac output was calculated as Qco = H (AS + BI - AI - BS) (ASBI - AIBS), where H is the change in caloric content of the blood. In a mechanical model we found thermal results correlated well with timed collections (r = 0.98) with a slope of 0.995. In 7 acutely prepared fetal lambs, electromagnetic flow probe measurements of total cardiac output (descending aorta + brachiocephalic artery) correlated well (0.90) with thermal measurements. The slope (1.16) was significantly greater than 1.0, reflecting the inclusion of coronary and pulmonary flows in thermal, but not in flow probe, measurements. In 11 acutely and chronically prepared fetal lambs, the correlation between microsphere and thermal measurements was 0.81 with a slope of 1.09, not significantly different from 1.0. Hence, thermodilution gives results comparable to other methods and is convenient, indefinitely repeatable, inexpensive, and nonradioactive. PMID- 6994513 TI - Immunofluorescence technique for rapid diagnosis of glial tumors. AB - A technique for rapid diagnosis of astroglial and ependymal glial neoplasms is presented. Frozen sections are processed for immunofluorescence using anti-serum raised against the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. The entire procedure requires 10--15 minutes. The technique is useful for the rapid identification of neoplasms of astroglial and ependymal lineage. PMID- 6994514 TI - Repair of coarctation of the aorta in infants. PMID- 6994515 TI - [Respiratory complications in lymphatic neoplasm of the mediastinum. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - In this case report two accidents are described, in which a tracheal stenosis has happened. The stenosis in both cases was evoked by lymphatic neoplasms in the mediastine. The kinetics of the lymphatic fluid in anaesthesia and in intermittent positive pressure ventilation are discussed. The first patient had to be radiated with the "Gammatron" for reduction of lymphatic tissue in the following four days and then he could be extubated. The second patient could be extubated the same day after CPAP breathing for several hours. PMID- 6994516 TI - [Life and work of Juan Creus y Manso (1828-1897)]. PMID- 6994517 TI - [Application of immunofluorescence to the pathology of tonsils: an study of 15 cases]. PMID- 6994518 TI - Antagonists of morphine-induced respiratory depression. A study in postoperative patients. AB - This double blind study showed the effect of four drugs, levallorphan, naloxone, doxapram and amiphenazole, an opiate-induced analgesia and respiratory depression. Satisfactory analgesia was induced by administration of morphine intravenously in a dose of up to 0.33 mg/kg; such a dose, however, produced significant depression of respiration. Administration of levallorphan, naloxone, and amiphenazole produced reversal of respiratory depression and analgesia. Doxapram reversed the respiratory depression but did not alter analgesia. PMID- 6994519 TI - Barbiturate therapy in cerebral ischaemia. AB - Experimental and clinical studies of the protective effect of barbiturates in cerebral ischaemia are reviewed. Their action in protecting the brain from the effects of ischaemia is related to their action as anaesthetic agents and probably to the depression of neuronal function and metabolism but is incompletely understood. Their effect is dose related. Early administration is likely to be crucial to the success of barbiturate therapy as secondary events following an episode of cerebral ischaemia can lead to irreversible brain damage within 2--3 h. A potential collateral circulation appears to be essential for the protective effect of barbiturates. There may be a possibility of partly overcoming time delays in administration by giving larger doses of barbiturates. PMID- 6994520 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure. AB - Technical advances have made the bedside measurement of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) a rapid and reproducible test. The principles of measurement are described and the place of COP determinations in the recognition, treatment and prophylaxis of oedematous states is discussed. PMID- 6994521 TI - Mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disease. A six year survey. AB - Between 1972 and 1977, 91 patients received mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disorders. Forty-nine (53.8%) left hospital and 35 of these survived for at least 1 year. Nineteen of 23 asthmatic patients survived. Cerebral damage following cardiorespiratory arrest precluded successful outcome in three of the four who died. In those with chronic lung diseases, patients with chronic bronchitis fared best; outcome was poor in those with emphysema, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis often despite trivial precipitating causes of respiratory failure. Mortality was high in patients with pneumonia even if immunologically normal. PMID- 6994522 TI - Alcohol abuse, anaesthesia, and intensive care. AB - The biochemistry, pharmaco-kinetics, and pathophysiology of alcohol and alcoholism are reviewed and approaches to the clinical management of coma, alcohol withdrawal, and anaesthesin are considered. PMID- 6994523 TI - Alcohol in anaesthesia and surgical resuscitation. AB - The anaesthetic and analgesic properties of alcohol have been known for several thousand years, but there is little evidence that surgeons were employing it frequently for these purposes in the days before the discovery of reliable inhalation anaesthesia. Its main use was as a stimulant for resuscitation. Attempts to introduce its use into anaesthetic practice in this century have not been successful. PMID- 6994524 TI - Adverse reactions to blood transfusion: introduction--historical overview. PMID- 6994525 TI - Determination of sulfadimethoxine in the liver and kidneys of swine and cattle by gas chromatogarphy--chemical ionization mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution. PMID- 6994526 TI - Islets of Langerhans in the parakeet, Psittacula krameri. AB - The pancreatic gland of Psittacula krameri is divisible into 4 lobes i.e. dorsal, ventral, third and splenic. The endocrine part is composed of alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-cells. The islets are of 4 kinds viz., alpha islets (having alpha 1- and alpha 2-cells), beta islets (having beta- and alpha 1-cells), pure beta islets (consisting of beta-cells exclusively) and mixed islets (with beta-, alpha 1- and alpha 2-cells). The distribution of alpha islets is mostly restricted to the splenic and third lobes whereas the beta islets are found in all 4 lobes. Though the alpha islets are only few in the dorsal lobe, their size is best developed in the third and dorsal lobes. Sometimes beta and alpha islets are present in very close proximity but their cells never mingle. An interesting feature was the complete absence of alpha islets from the ventral lobe.A relative abundance of alpha 2- cells in this bird seems to be associated with its comparatively higher blood glucose level and frugivorous habit. Tinctorial reactions suggest that the insulin content of the endocrine pancreas is low. There were no seasonal changes in the islet tissue of P. krameri. PMID- 6994527 TI - Infection in wounds sutured in the accident and emergency department. AB - We describe a prospective follow-up study on suturing the wounds of 500 patients treated consecutively in an accident and emergency department. Results were established for 485 patients. Severe infection occurred in 2.47% of patients and there was redness and swelling, possibly from infection, in 4.53%, for a total of 7% of patients with signs of inflammation. The results are compared with previous studies and the techniques and problems of suturing wounds in the accident and emergency department are discussed. PMID- 6994528 TI - The protective effect of methyl prednisolone on the machine-preserved kidney. AB - Fifty cadaveric transplants were reviewed to determine whether graft failure was related to the method of preservation. Twenty-eight transplants were preserved by a combination of cold storage and perfusion with cryoprecipitated plasma. Twenty two transplants were preserved by continuous perfusion with Plasmanate. The perfusate of 14 plasma-perfused kidneys contained 1.0 g of methyl prednisolone, whereas the Plasmanate contained only 100 mg hydrocortisone. Fourteen plasma perfused kidneys functioned immediately (Group I), and 14 showed delayed function. Seventeen of 22 Plasmanate kidneys (Group III) functioned immediately. Of the Group I kidneys, 13 of 14 functioned for three to eight months, and eight (57%) are still functioning after two years vs. only three of 14 (21%) in Group II. Eleven of the 14 long-term surviving grafts were pretreated with methyl prednisolone. Only nine of the Plasmanate kidneys (39%) lasted more than three months; five (22%) survived more than 12 months. None of the Plasmanate-perfused kidneys that failed to function immediately lasted three months. It is concluded that immediate restoration of renal function after transplantation is a favorable sign for long-term graft survival. The addition of methyl prednisolone to the perfusate may enhance the survival of kidney allografts. PMID- 6994529 TI - Are there any important predicting factors of renal function during hypothermic pulsatile perfusion for transplantation? AB - Fifty perfused cadaver kidneys transplanted in this institution were statistically analyzed with an IBM computer to determine the most important prognostic factors in long-term actual function, namely, the kidney donor warm ischemia, length of preservation, the perfusion characteristics (flow, pressure, perfusate gases, and occasionally electrolytes and osmolarity), and the recipient's response and clinical history (age, sex, race, original renal disease, HLA-antigen matching, number of transplants, number of rejection episodes, kidney function, final outcome, etc.). Although we found no significant (P greater than 0.05) correlation between graft survival and the parameters studied, high perfusate flow appeared to have an important beneficial effect on long-term graft function. Other prognostic indicators of posttransplantation renal function were not clearly seen in our study. It is important to mention that although no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were seen, patients without diabetes mellitus, first cadaver kidney transplants, and more than two HLA-antigen matches did better than the group without these characteristics. PMID- 6994530 TI - Mallory-Weiss: suture plication without gastrotomy. AB - A new method of surgical treatment is described for the Mallory-Weiss tear that is not controlled by conservative measures. This technique uses a team approach combining endoscopy with simultaneous laparotomy to plicate the Mallory-Weiss tear without opening the gastrointestinal tract. We believe this method offers equal or better vision of the lesion than gastrotomy and will significantly lower the morbidity and perhaps the mortality associated with violating the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6994531 TI - [Anatomic and clinical aspects in infants of diabetic mother (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994532 TI - Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. AB - Since the introduction of antineoplastic chemotherapy, lasting clinical remissions have been obtained for many patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, gestational trophoblastic tumors, and other malignancies. With this therapeutic success there have been concerns about persistent or delayed toxicities of cancer chemotherapy that may become clinically significant for long-term survivors. Gonadal toxicity and infertility occur in many men, women, and children treated with antineoplastic drugs. In this paper we review the clinical syndromes of chemotherapy-related gonadal toxicity and discuss how particular drug classes, doses, or combinations correlate with the degree of gonadal injury and with the potential for recovery of function. Further, we examine how drug effects on germ cell production and endocrine function vary with the age of the patient at the time of treatment. Finally, we comment on the need for long-term prospective studies of fertility, teratogenesis, and mutagenesis in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6994533 TI - The cost of outpatient physicians' services at a Veterans Administration hospital. AB - The cost of an average outpatient visit to a physician at a Veterans Administration hospital in 1976 was estimated from hospital records to have been $80.35 ($104.46 in 1979 dollars). When productivity was used to measure relative cost, cost per visit ranged from a low of $32.66 (1979: $42.46) for hypertension clinic to a high of $243.48 (1979; $316.52) for hematology clinic. The average patient was seen 12.6 times annually at a cost of $1012 (1979: $1315). The major cost category for a physician visit was salaries, with nonphysician salaries costing twice as much as physician salaries. The cost of medical equipment was minimal. The findings suggest that the outpatient bookkeeping system was inadequate for cost accounting, the cost per visit was expensive, there were an excessive number of visits, and problems in the institutional delivery system of ambulatory care lowered productivity of physicians. PMID- 6994534 TI - Drug therapy in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults. Part I: Antimicrobial agents, analgesics. AB - Data are presented in tabular form that provide guidelines for drug use in adult patients with renal insufficiency. The data are derived from the current medical literature. If specific information about a drug is unavailable or conflicting, emphasis is given to normal pharmacokinetic variables in arriving at recommendations for therapy. Nephrotoxicity or adverse effects in patients with renal disease are noted and adjustments for dialysis suggested. PMID- 6994535 TI - [The oral glucose tolerance test (author's transl)]. AB - Far from exploring pancreatic endocrine function only, the oral glucose tolerance test curve depends upon a group of digestive, hepatic, tissular, hormonal and nervous processes which are worth analyzing. Tests conducted under perfectly standardized conditions, and with results lying within the limits of figures obtained in a normal population of the same age, are usually good indicators of satisfactory cellular, hepatic, and endocrine function. When figures are much outside normal limits, however, a diagnosis of diabetes or pre-diabetes should not be made immediately, but should lead to discussion, point by point, of the different variation factors possible. The simultaneous measurement of blood insulin levels had added a complement to this test essential for differentiation of the different types of hyperglycemia. PMID- 6994536 TI - [Hospital Medical Society of Paris. Speech by Mr. H. Pequignot, President-elect for 1980]. PMID- 6994537 TI - [Hospital Medical Society of Paris. List of members]. PMID- 6994538 TI - Regeneration in the mammalian nervous system. PMID- 6994539 TI - Monovalent ion fluxes and the control of cell proliferation in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6994540 TI - Activation of lymphocytes of man and mouse: monovalent cation fluxes. PMID- 6994541 TI - Amplification of translational control by membrane-mediated events: a pleiotropic effect on cellular and viral gene expression. AB - This review deals with the events which are triggered in tissue culture cells upon exposure to medium hyperosmolarity, to virus infection and to inducers of terminal differentiation. Increased medium osmolarity mimics, in several ways, events which follow infection of cells by cytopathogenic viruses. These are: inhibition of uptake of amino acids, glucose and uridine, the release or activation of a low molecular weight substance which mediates an immediate and specific inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation, and alteration in the phosphorylation state of ribosomal proteins. All these effects appear to be related to or be a consequence of membrane alterations. Similar alterations in transport and protein synthesis are initiated in Friend erythroleukemic cells upon induction of terminal differentiation. PMID- 6994542 TI - Electrochemical ion gradients and active transport. PMID- 6994543 TI - Calcium explosions as triggers of development. AB - A few years ago, Gilkey et al. showed that the development of medaka fish eggs begins with a free calcium explosion within the cytoplasm. This paper summarizes those findings; provides an interim report on the effects of injecting calcium and hydrogen ion buffers into medaka eggs; reviews recent evidence of similar calcium increases in other activating eggs, as well as sperm and oocytes (Table 1); and attempts to put these explosions in a broader context (Figures 1 and 4). PMID- 6994544 TI - Transport of bicarbonate and other anions in salivary secretion. PMID- 6994545 TI - Energy production and energy consumption in frog gastric mucosa. PMID- 6994546 TI - Phosphate ion transport in fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 6994547 TI - Protein structure in relation to anion transport in red cells. PMID- 6994548 TI - Chloride distribution and exchange in vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle. PMID- 6994549 TI - Processing mechanisms in the biosynthesis of proteins. AB - Limited proteolysis is a widely occurring mechanism in protein biosynthesis. Protein precursors can be classified according to their functions, localization within cell compartments, and enzymic cleavage mechanisms. The presecretory proteins represent an important class of very rapidly turning over precursors which play an early role in the sequestration of secretory products and whose cleavage appears to be intimately associated with structures formed at the ribosome-membrane junction during protein synthesis. A model is proposed which predicts that the prepeptide forms a beta-pleated sheet structure with other components of the membrane which results in the transfer of a loop of peptide across the microsomal membrane. Proinsulin is representative of the general class of proproteins that are processed post-translationally within their secretory cells either during the formation and maturation of secretory granules (peptides hormones and neurotransmitters, serum albumins) or during the assembly of macromolecular structures (virus capsules, membrane-associated enzyme complexes). The former group are cleaved by Golgi-associated proteases having tryptic and carboxypeptidase B-like specificity. Some precursors are secreted as such and processed extracellularly either in the circulation or at special sites (procollagens, zymogens, provenoms, vitellogenins). PMID- 6994550 TI - Biosynthesis of proinsulin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and characterization and cloning of mRNA. PMID- 6994551 TI - Processing of pre-proalbumin and pre-placental lactogen. PMID- 6994552 TI - Functional and structural characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum proteins associated with ribosome binding sites. PMID- 6994554 TI - Signal sequences for early events in protein secretion and membrane assembly. AB - Signal sequences for the transfer of proteins across membranes are usually found at the NH2-terminus of nascent secretory and transmembrane proteins. The functionally equivalent signal sequence of chicken ovalbumin however, is localized in the middle of the molecule. The implication of this surprising finding for biogenesis of membrane proteins is discussed. PMID- 6994553 TI - Prepromelittin: specific cleavage of the pre- and the propeptide in vitro. PMID- 6994555 TI - Secretion of outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli across the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6994559 TI - Post-translational processing of full-length presecretory proteins with canine pancreatic signal peptidase. PMID- 6994556 TI - Biosynthesis and assembly of murein lipoprotein in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6994558 TI - The three lives of M13 coat protein: a virion capsid, an integral membrane protein, and a soluble cytoplasmic proprotein. PMID- 6994557 TI - Biosynthesis of parathyroid hormone. AB - Figure 11 summarizes our present concepts of the biosynthetic sequence for parathyroid hormone, deduced largely from observations in vitro. Many aspects of the presumed process whereby preproparathyroid hormone is converted via proparathyroid hormone to the hormone remain unclarified and require much further study, as is true for many other prehormones. These studies, however, coupled with (1) further investigations of intracellular degradation of parathyroid hormone, if this indeed operates in vivo; (2) the proteolytic conversion of secreted hormone in peripheral tissues; and (3) analysis of transcriptional control of biosynthesis of parathyroid hormone, using radioactive cDNA for hybridization studies of mRNA production and turnover, hold great promise for further understanding of critical regulatory factors central to expression of the actions of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6994560 TI - The plasma lipoproteins: historical developments and nomenclature. PMID- 6994561 TI - LDL-cell interaction in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6994562 TI - Alterations in metabolic activity of plasma lipoproteins following selective chemical modification of the apoproteins. PMID- 6994563 TI - X-ray and neutron scattering studies of plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 6994565 TI - Structure of plasma lipoproteins: view from calorimetric studies. PMID- 6994564 TI - Plasma lipoprotein conversions: the origins of low-density and high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6994566 TI - Plasma retinol-binding protein. AB - Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP). A great deal is known about the chemical structure, metabolism, and biological roles of RBP. RBP is a single polypeptide chain with molecular weight close to 20,000. RBP interacts strongly with plasma prealbumin, and normally circulates in plasma as a 1:1 molar RBP-prealbumin complex. Both the primary and the tertiary structure of prealbumin are known, and the primary structure of RBP has recently been reported. Much information is available about the protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions that are involved in this transport system. Many clinical studies have examined the effects of a variety of diseases on the plasma levels of RBP and prealbumin in humans. Plasma RBP levels are low in patients with liver disease and are high in patients with chronic renal disease. These findings reflect the facts that RBP is produced in the liver and mainly catabolized in the kidneys. Delivery of retinol to extra-hepatic tissues appears to involve specific cell surface receptors for RBP. Vitamin A mobilization from the liver, and delivery to peripheral tissues, is highly regulated by factors that control the rates of RBP production and secretion. Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, so that plasma RBP levels fall and liver RBP levels rise. Injection of retinol into vitamin A deficient rats stimulates the rapid secretion of RBP from the liver into the plasma. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate these phenomena are under investigation. Elucidation of these mechanisms should help define the basic mechanisms that control the mobilization, transport, and delivery of vitamin A. PMID- 6994567 TI - Evolution of the LDL receptor concept-from cultured cells to intact animals. AB - The initial observations in cultured fibroblasts made six years ago allowed the formulation of a series of hypotheses concerning LDL metabolism in tissues of animals and man. The most important of these hypotheses was that a large fraction of LDL was removed from plasma by a specific receptor-mediated uptake mechanism whose function was to supply cholesterol to extrahepatic cells. This hypothesis is strongly supported by genetic observations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and by studies of the four model systems discussed above. These studies by no means solve all of the important questions about LDL metabolism. We still need to know which tissues take up the most LDL; we need to know how much LDL is cleared by the liver and whether this clearance involves the same LDL receptor that operates in extra-hepatic cells; we need to know the mechanism for the clearance of the one-half to two-thirds of LDL that leaves the plasma by receptor-independent pathways; and finally we need to know how an abnormal accumulation of LDL in the plasma leads to the deposition of cholesterol in scavenger cells and produces atherosclerosis. PMID- 6994569 TI - [Morphological incidences of the agglutination of the erythrocytes of healthy or infested (Plasmodium berghei) mouse by various experimental immune sera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994568 TI - [The use of ritodrine in obstetrics]. PMID- 6994570 TI - [Comparison between seven methods of sampling of cutaneous flora (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994572 TI - Adequate fasciectomy and the use of full-thickness skin gussets in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture. AB - The treatment of Dupuytren's contracture is discussed. Limited excision of fibrous tissue, the amount removed being, however, adequate to allow extension of the contracted joints and skin release, is recommended, the resulting skin deficiencies being filled with full-thickness gussets of forearm skin. PMID- 6994571 TI - Free-radical reaction in biological systems. AB - Free radicals are a highly reactive chemical species which differ from all other species in possessing an unpaired electron. Although free-radical activity in living systems is energetically improbable, recent work suggests that a number of important biological processes depend on it. In contrast to enzymic metabolism these free-radical processes tend to be non-cyclic, irreversible, non homoeostatic, and energetically wasteful. For the organism as a whole they may nevertheless have considerable survival value. Free radicals are too short-lived to be demonstrable in tissues; but methodological advances are leading to the detection and measurement of characteristic free-radical reaction products. The findings suggest that free-radical activity is not only a potential cause but also a common, perhaps invariable, consequence of cell damage. It is possible that some of the secondary products of free-radical reactions may help to regulate the body's local and systemic response to injury. PMID- 6994573 TI - Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart, MD FRS (1749-1832). PMID- 6994574 TI - William Home Clift: the first assistant Conservator of the Hunterian Museum. PMID- 6994575 TI - Different letters from the past. 3) Robert Burns to the Earl of Glencairn. PMID- 6994576 TI - In memoriam: Walpole Lewin CBE MS FRCS. PMID- 6994577 TI - [Indications for primary closure of the common bile duct in the surgery of biliary lithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994578 TI - [Anastomotic dehiscence after resection of colon and rectum. Study between manual and mechanical sutures about 149 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6994579 TI - Nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemias. AB - The familial nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemias include the syndromes of Gilbert, Crigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor. Gilbert's syndrome is probably very common in occult form, and patients come to clinical attention partially owing to subtle coincidental hemolysis. The biochemical defect may lie not in microsomal glucuronyl transferase but rather in the plasma membrane enzyme which transglucuronidates bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide. Patients with Crigler-Najjar type I, a severe disease, exhibit virtual absence of glucuronyltransferase. Type II is milder and appears related to Gilbert's syndrome. Dubin-Johnson's syndrome and Rotor's syndrome, the conjugated hyperbilirubinemias, are separate entities. The former is a block in hepatic excretion, while the defect in the latter lies at least partially in uptake of bilirubin. PMID- 6994580 TI - Acanthocytosis--biochemical and physiological considerations. AB - Acanthocytosis represents an unusually pathological variant of red cell morphology which is encountered in a diverse group of inherited and acquired disease states. While the morphological features are similar in all instances, the biochemical lesions frequently differ. Most demonstrable abnormalities involve lipids although those acanthocytes associated with the McLeod phenotype are probably due to an alteration in a membrane protein. Acanthocytes, regardless of their etiology, usually have a decreased survival in the circulation owing to splenic sequestration and destruction. PMID- 6994582 TI - Confirmation of the regional assignment of peptidase A (PEPA) to 18q23 by gene dosage studies. AB - Peptidase A (PepA) activity was measured in five patients with trisomy or monosomy of the distal portion of 18q. The ratio propositus/mean parent (sum of the values of the father and mother divided by two) showed a gene dosage effect, confirming the localization of the gene in 18q23. PMID- 6994581 TI - Human lymphocyte receptors detected by invertebrate agglutinins. AB - A review of recently published work is presented on the nature of the agglutination of human peripheral lymphocytes and cultured lymphoblastoid cells by the hemolymph agglutinins of two arachnoids, the Horsefoot (Limulus polyphemus), alias Horseshoe Crab, and the Saharan Scorpion (Androctonus australis). Microagglutination techniques were utilized to study the specificity of the whole serum and purified agglutinin(s) of Limulus and the whole serum agglutinin(s) of Androctonus. Peripheral human lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) gave higher agglutination titers and scores than did normal cells, with both species of invertebrate agglutinins. However, human B cells gave higher, although overlapping degrees of agglutination, than T cells. The major cell membrane receptor site for agglutinins of both species was the sialic acid moiety, N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Selected literature on plant and invertebrate agglutinins (lectins) was reviewed. These lectins are underscored as valuable cell membrane probes of surface receptors of human lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6994583 TI - Population aspects of human working capacity. AB - Population measurements of human physical working capacity are reviewed. Problems of technique include an appropriate sample size, allowance of sampling bias, selection of an appropriate criterion of working capacity, and standardization of test methodology. The impact of constitution has been studied in terms of overall variance of data, frequencies of genetic markers, and twin sibling studies. Environmental experiments have compared similar races in different environments and vice versa. Athletes have been examined as examples of a combined genotypic and phenotypic response. Adaptations to the environment include adverse climate (extremes of heat, cold, rain and drought), hilly terrain and extreme high altitudes; an enhanced working capacity in hilly districts and circumpolar regions probably reflects vigorous daily activity. Socio-economic determinants of working capacity include nutrition, family size, chronic disease, and daily activity. Population differences in the course of growth and ageing seem to reflect differences of nutrition and daily activity. Population scientists have yet to define clearly the relative importance of phenotypic and genotypic adaptation in the development of working capacity; however, studies arising from the International Biological Programme have made valuable contributions to both test methodology and the understanding of interactions between man and his environment. PMID- 6994584 TI - Intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin-binding lymphoid cells (IgGLC) of the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. AB - A direct immunofluorescence study was performed on cerbro-spinal fluid (CSF) cells of 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 26 control patients with other neurological disorders. A significant increase (p less than 0.01) of the percentage of lymphoid cells with intracytoplasmic IgG (IgGLC) was found in a group of 20 IgG tested MS cases as compared to a control group of 22 IgG tested patients. However, the statistical significance was lost when the same MS group was compared to a group of 10 neurological diseases with supposed immunopathological mechanisms. An increase of the percentage of the IgA containing cells was also found in some cases of MS. A good relationship appeared between the increase of IgGLC cells and the presumed intrathecal secretion of immunoglobulins as assessed on the protein composition of the CSF. This technique might be of some value in the diagnosis of MS. PMID- 6994585 TI - [Locomotion of human circulating lymphocytes methodological aspects "in vitro" (author's transl)]. AB - Locomotor activity of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood towards the chemoattractant casein was examined in vitro in modified Boyden chambers with a single micropore filter (according to the Wilkinson's method), and in Keller's chambers with two micropore filters. Using the single filter technique, this paper reports the precise standard parameters necessary for a reproductive assay, that is a filter of 5 micron pore size (Millipore), an incubation of 5 h with 5 mg/2 ml of alpha-casein, and the counting of lymphocytes at the front of migration within the filter. The distinction between the chemotaxis (directional locomotion) and the chemokinesis (random migration) in the presence of the alpha casein was confirmed with human circulating lymphocytes. When the results obtained with the double filter technique are compared with that of single filter, Keller's method shows no advantage over the single filter technique modified by Wilkinson. The latter appears adequate to study specific and non specific drug-induced lymphocyte chemotaxis and chemokinesis with normal or pathological cells in man. PMID- 6994586 TI - Memory enhancement in Korsakoff's psychosis by clonidine: further evidence for a noradrenergic deficit. AB - Three drugs, d-amphetamine, clonidine, and methysertide, which presumably enhance central noradrenergic activity by different pharmacological mechanisms, were administered to eight patients with the Korsakoff syndrome in a two-week subacute, double-blind, counterbalanced experiment to study the effects of these agents on memory function as measured by a neuropsychological test battery. Of the drugs tested, only clonidine, a putative alpha-noradrenergic agonist, was associated with significant improvement in memory. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that damage to ascending norepinephrine-containing neurons in the brainstem and diencephalon may be the basis for amnesia in Korsakoff's psychosis. PMID- 6994587 TI - Recent developments in solution x-ray scattering. PMID- 6994588 TI - Modulation of impulse conduction along the axonal tree. PMID- 6994589 TI - Transfer RNA in solution: selected topics. PMID- 6994590 TI - Photoacoustic spectroscopy. PMID- 6994591 TI - Radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6994592 TI - Machine-assisted pattern classification in medicine and biology. PMID- 6994593 TI - Comparative properties and methods of preparation of lipid vesicles (liposomes). PMID- 6994595 TI - Biomathematics in oncology: modeling of cellular systems. PMID- 6994594 TI - Display and analysis of flow cytometric data. PMID- 6994596 TI - Stimulus-response coupling in gland cells. PMID- 6994597 TI - Medical information systems. PMID- 6994598 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of the heart. PMID- 6994599 TI - Prediction and prevention of sudden cardiac death. AB - The most common cause of SCD is coronary heart disease. Epidemiologic and pathologic studies have demonstrated the presence of chronic myocardial damage and extensive multivessel coronary disease as the substrate for SCD in ASHD. Instantaneous coronary death is an electrical event and not the result of acute coronary thrombosis. Patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who do not evolve acute myocardial infarction are at a greater risk of subsequent SCD than are infarctive patients. In studies of the posthospital phase of myocardial infarction, there are no predictive clinical variables that distinguish between sudden and non-sudden cardiac death. Current investigations suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the neurogenic release of catecholamines are important triggering factors in the genesis of arrhythmic SCD. Reduction in the occurrence of SCD will require community (mobile resuscitation units), public health (control of primary risk factors), and physician-initiated (anti-arrhythmic therapy) measures. PMID- 6994601 TI - Myocardial biopsy. AB - The history, technique, complications, and evaluation of myocardial biopsy, particularly in cardiomyopathies, have been reviewed and discussed. As expected, specific histological abnormalities for the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies were hard to obtain in such small fragments of myocardium. Rather, myocardial biopsy at present provides information on the severity and prognosis of cardiomyopathies, especially those with a diffuse disease process. However, morphologic examination is definitely valuable in diagnosing cardiomyopathies, even if it merely confirms the clinical diagnosis, because none of the information presently given by any one diagnostic tool is specific enough to correctly diagnose cardiomyopathy. Endomyocardial biopsy is most useful from a diagnostic standpoint in acute cardiac rejection in transplant recipients as well as in secondary myocardial diseases: myocarditis, amyloidosis, hemosiderosis, glycogen storage disease, sarcoidosis, etc. Advances in biochemical, immunologic, and more specific morphologic analyses will increase the usefulness of myocardial biopsy in diagnosing and assessing the etiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6994600 TI - Clinical problems of ventilatory control. PMID- 6994602 TI - Salt balance and long-term blood pressure control. PMID- 6994604 TI - Plasma exchange in glomerulonephritis and related vasculitides. PMID- 6994606 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of the carotid bruit. PMID- 6994603 TI - Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Most known chemotherapy agents, used singly, may induce remission of CML. Those that best alleviate symptoms (anemia, splenomegaly, etc) do not change either the Ph' chromosome anomaly in the hemopoietic cells nor the median delay of 3--4 years before fatal blastic transformation. A new goal has recently been formulated in CML therapy, namely complete remission, i.e. disappearance of all signs of leukemia including the Ph' abnormality. This can be achieved in certain cases by the use of aggressive (radio)chemotherapy during the chronic phase of CML. Whether or not it means cure of CML awaits further investigation. Encouraging results with these new therapeutic modalities during the chronic phase, and the possibility of rescuing toxic marrow aplasia by autologous cryopreserved blood stem cells, make it less and less defensible to await CML transformation before using aggressive "eradication" therapy. PMID- 6994605 TI - Autoimmune granulocytopenia. PMID- 6994608 TI - Pulmonary function during and after common respiratory infections. PMID- 6994607 TI - Legionnaires' disease. AB - Legionella pneumophila infections frequently manifest themselves as a multisystem disease with acute pneumonia. Certain clinical and laboratory features are helpful in diagnosis but none are pathognomonic. Diagnosis frequently must be made clinically and erythromycin given presumptively because of the delay in seroconversion but culture and direct fluorescent antibody testing are quite useful for rapid diagnosis. Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations will undoubtedly yield considerable information about this fascinating bacterial disease. PMID- 6994609 TI - Postural hypotension. PMID- 6994610 TI - Snake venom poisoning in the United States. PMID- 6994612 TI - Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6994611 TI - Efficacy and safety of oral hypoglycemic agents. PMID- 6994613 TI - Pathological changes in aortocoronary bypass grafts. PMID- 6994614 TI - Hemoglobin A Ic and diabetes mellitus. AB - Hemoglobin A Ic is produced when glucose reacts nonenzymatically with the NH2 termini of Hb A beta chains and then undergoes an Amadori rearrangement. The concentration of Hb A Ic measured at any given time reflects a patient's mean blood glucose level for the preceding weeks to months. Infrequent measurements of Hb A Ic can therefore be used to assess long-term carbohydrate control in outpatient diabetics. In addition, the synthesis of Hb A Ic may represent a model reaction to explain the pathogenesis of many of the sequelae of chronic diabetes. Nonenzymatic glycosylation reactions may also underlie some of the changes ascribed to normal aging. PMID- 6994616 TI - Pericarditis and renal failure. PMID- 6994615 TI - Effectiveness and risks of contraception. PMID- 6994617 TI - Control of acid excretion by the kidney. PMID- 6994618 TI - The endothelium and thrombosis. PMID- 6994619 TI - Giardiasis. PMID- 6994620 TI - Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 6994621 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6994622 TI - Folate-binding proteins. PMID- 6994623 TI - Community cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6994625 TI - Control of coronary blood flow. PMID- 6994626 TI - Controversies in platelet transfusion therapy. PMID- 6994624 TI - The natural history and response to therapy of lupus nephritis. PMID- 6994627 TI - The medical treatment of gallstones. PMID- 6994629 TI - High density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6994628 TI - Prostaglandins and platelets. AB - Release of arachidonate from cell membrane phospholipids by activation of phospholipase A1 is a key step in the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. In platelets PGH2 and TXA2 are formed from arachidonate and can cause aggregation and the release of granule contents; in vascular tissue, PGI2 is formed instead and, by increasing platelet cAMP, inhibits platelet reactions. There is considerable interest in inhibitors of the enzymes in these pathways as drugs to modify thrombus formation. Results of the clinical trials, however, indicate that drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase may not have a major effect on the thromboembolic complications of arterial disease. PMID- 6994630 TI - [Spread and transfer of plasmid resistance in Escherichia coli]. AB - Drug resistance of 186 E. coli strains isolated in 1977-1978 from patients and carriers, as well as from the environment was studied with respect to 8 widely used antimicrobial drugs, i.e. tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and sulfanilamides. All of the strains were resistant to sulfanilamides, 39% of the strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 5.2% of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multiple resistance was observed in 60% of the isolates. II variants of various combinations of r-determinants were found. Strains resistant to 2 or 3 antibiotics and combinations of tetracycline + streptomycin and tetracycline + kanamycin + neomycin were most frequent. The number of the antibiotic resistant strains isolated from the humans and environment was 40.5 and 36.8% respectively. The multiple resistance spectra of the strains isolated from the humans were more variable. No transmissive r-determinants were found in the strains resistant to one antibiotic. However 85% of polyresistant E. coli carried conjugative R plasmids. Transmission of the determinants of resistance to ampicillin (90%), streptomycin (80%), chloramphenicol (71.4%), neomycin and kanamycin (55.5%) was most frequent, while the determinants of resistance to tetracycline (37%) were least frequent. The frequency of transmissive R plasmids in the strains isolated from the humans was higher than that in the strains isolated from the environment. It was shown that most of the conjugative plasmids were of fi- character. PMID- 6994631 TI - [Identification and characteristics of the conjugative R plasmids of conditionally pathogenic E. coli isolated from chronic pyelonephritis patients]. AB - The study on 63 strains of conditionally pathogenic E. coli isolated from patients with chronic pyelonephritis showed that the bacteria of the 47 strains (74.6%) were resistant to one or several antibiotics. 7 strains of such bacteria carried R-plasmids capable of transferring into the cells of E. coli K-12 during conjugation. Most of the identified 9 R-plasmids belonged to the class of the F like plasmids and were characterized by similar lots of antibiotic resistance markers. DNA of the detected R-plasmids were treated with endonuclease (restrictase) EcoRI. After that the fragments were analysed by means of electrophoresis in agarose gel. On the basis of the restrictogrames it was concluded that the plasmids studied were not identical. A possibility of detecting complexes consisting of different plasmids carrying similar lots of antibiotic resistance markers in the cells of the same strain was shown. PMID- 6994632 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis caused by the use of antibiotics]. PMID- 6994634 TI - Boron-containing antibacterial agents: effects on growth and morphology of bacteria under various culture conditions. AB - The effects of a number of synthetic antibacterial agents of the borinic acid and diazaborine types on the growth of enteric bacteria were examined. In minimal medium aerobic growth was immediately slowed; slow nonexponential growth continued for an extended period, and the cells remained viable. The effect was also seen in anaerobic cultures and was not antagonized by a number of common nutrients, vitamins, or growth factors. The response was modified by the addition of casein hydrolysate to the medium. This seemed to be a nutritional effect dependent principally on lysine and leucine. The modified response consisted of a period of abnormal growth lasting for at least one doubling time after the addition of the antibacterial agent. The turbidity at first increased more rapidly than that of the controls and was approximately equal to that of the controls after 30 min. However, the increase in bacterial mass (dry weight) was only 0.75 of the amount predicted by the change in turbidity. The viable count increased in proportion to the turbidity. Changes in the cell envelope were revealed by electron microscopy and by an alteration in the response of cells to lytic agents. After the period of abnormal growth cultures entered a premature stationary phase. PMID- 6994633 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity and the chemical structures of the bacterial wall]. PMID- 6994635 TI - Comparison of amoxicillin and ampicillin activities in a continuous culture model of the human urinary bladder. AB - Sixteen isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained from women with significant acute urinary tract infections who were subsequently treated with amoxicillin. The activities of amoxicillin and ampicillin against these organisms were compared in urine in a continuous culture apparatus which partly simulated the milieu of the human urinary bladder. After introduction of amoxicillin into the bladder model, mean viable counts for 14 susceptible strains (minimum inhibitory concentration less than or equal to 32 microgram/ml) at 10, 20, 30, and 45 min fell to 34, 8, 0.4, and 0.2% of the original. Corresponding figures for ampicillin were 56, 24, 11, and 2.4%. Viable counts obtained at seven timed intervals up to 2 h were significantly (P = 0.025) lower with amoxicillin than ampicillin. Both antibiotics had a similar activity in conventional disk susceptibility and surface plate minimum inhibitory concentration tests. The realism of the model was confirmed by comparing response to amoxicillin in vivo and in vitro. A serious discrepancy was seen in only one of the 16 cases. PMID- 6994636 TI - Inhibition of growth and purine-metabolizing enzymes of trypanosomid flagellates by N6-methyladenine. AB - N6-methyladenine (6-methylaminopurine [6-MA]), a plant growth regulator and a normal constituent of nucleic acids, has been found to inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tarentolae, L. mexicana, and Crithidia fasciculata. The extent of growth inhibition in these organisms is related to the sensitivity of guanine deaminase (guanine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.3), adenine deaminase (adenine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.2), and adenosine hydrolase and phosphorylase. 6-MA was not an inhibitor of the purine phosphoribosyltransferases. Of the trypanosomid flagellates tested. Trypanosoma cruzi was most susceptible to 6-MA. Neither adenine deaminase (as found in the leishmaniae and C. fasciculata) nor adenosine deaminase (as found in mammalian cells) could be demonstrated in T. cruzi. Guanine deaminase, which is strikingly inhibited by 6-MA in T. cruzi, appears to play a major role in the purine salvage pathway of this organism, as judged from growth experiments and enzyme inhibition studies. Enzyme sensitivities to 6-MA vary greatly depending upon the organism. Rabbit liver guanine deaminase was shown to be insensitive to 6-MA at the concentrations used in this study. PMID- 6994637 TI - Comparison of a radioimmunoassay and a microbiological assay for measurement of serum vancomycin concentrations. AB - A newly developed radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of vancomycin in 137 specimens of serum from patients being treated with this antibiotic. Of these sera, 84 were also analyzed with a microbiological assay technique for vancomycin. Duplicate determinations were done with each of the techniques. Individual values and averaged values for both methods were used for statistical analyses. The correlation coefficients between all possible combinations of radioimmunoassay and microbiological assay results for the 84 sera were greater than or equal to 0.99 (P less than 0.01). Values for the regression coefficients of radioimmunoassay results on microbiological assay results ranged from 0.98 +/- 0.01 to 1.03 +/- 0.01. The mean percent deviation of radioimmunoassay versus microbiological assay results was -1.56 +/- 0.60. A one way analysis of variance demonstrated that the use of different standard curves for each batch of specimens assayed by microbiological assay did not significantly influence the results (P = 0.07). The microbiological assay and the radioimmunoassay for measurement of serum vancomycin levels yielded essentially identical results. PMID- 6994640 TI - GR-20263: a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with high activity against Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The in vitro activity of GR-20263, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with the activities of other beta-lactam antibiotics by using 800 clinical bacterial isolates. GR-20263 was highly active (inhibition of 90% of the isolates between 0.03 and 1 microgram/ml) against the common Enterobacteriaceae and 5 to 20 times more active than cefuroxime, cefoxitin, and cephalothin. GR 20263 was three to six times less active than cefotaxime against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, and Shigella, but three to four times more active than cefotaxime against Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens. The activity of GR-20263 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2 and 8 micrograms/ml for 90 and 100% of the isolates, respectively) was similar to that of tobramycin, 2 times that of cefsulodin, 5 times that of piperacillin, and 10 times that of cefotaxime. Against Haemophilus influenzae GR-20263 was three time more active than ampicillin. The beta lactamase-producing strains were as susceptible to GR-20263 as the beta-lactamase negative strains. GR-20263 was less active than cefotaxime and ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6994639 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for serum gentamicin. AB - The EMIT (Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique) for serum gentamicin determination was evaluated by a standard procedure. The precision, accuracy, and specificity were assessed and proved satisfactory. Comparison with a bioassay was done, and results for patient samples showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between the two methods. Advantages of the enzyme immunoassay system were the provision of results within 15 min of receipt of blood in the laboratory, a requirement of minimal technical expertise, and an applicability to both large and small workloads. The EMIT proved during evaluation to be a practical alternative to current bioassays for the determination of serum gentamicin concentrations. PMID- 6994638 TI - Prospective, randomized trial of netilmicin and amikacin, with emphasis on eighth nerve toxicity. AB - The toxicity of netilmicin was compared with that of amikacin in a randomized, prospective trial in 90 adults with a variety of serious gram-negative infections. There was no instance of antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity in the group given amikacin and only one instance in the group given netilmicin. Cochlear toxicity, as measured by a change in audiogram, occurred in 4/14 (28.5%) of the amikacin recipients and 3/19 (15.8%) of the netilmicin recipients. Vestibular toxicity, as determined by a change in ice-water calorics, was noted in 3/16 (19%) of the amikacin-treated patients and 0/15 of the netilmicin-treated individuals. Despite the trend toward lesser ototoxicity with netilmicin, the differences between the drugs were not statistically significant. There was, however, a significant association between male sex and the development of ototoxicity. Although many patients could not be evaluated for efficacy, there did not appear to be any difference in the therapeutic activity of the two drugs. PMID- 6994641 TI - Effect of fatty acids on action of polyene antibiotics. AB - Fatty acids cause a decrease in the absorption spectra of the antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotics nystatin, filipin, candicidin, and amphotericin B. For nystatin, filipin, and candicidin, this decrease in absorption could be correlated with the activity of the fatty acids in protecting the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae against the action of these antibiotics. With amphotericin B a correlation was observed between the decrease in absorption caused by certain derivatives of fatty acids and the protective action of these derivatives against the activity of amphotericin B on yeast. It is concluded that, like the sterols, fatty acids also interact with the polyene antibiotics and thereby reduce their effective concentrations. PMID- 6994643 TI - Anaerobic techniques used in studies on methanogenesis: principles and applications. PMID- 6994642 TI - GR 20263, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with anti-pseudomonal activity. AB - GR 20263 is a new broad-spectrum injectable cephalosporin which is stable to most beta-lactamases. Its in vitro activities were of the same order as those of cefotaxime against most gram-negative bacteria, were clearly inferior to cefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus, but were significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against the 25 strains used, GR 20263 was significantly more active than any of the other agents tested: piperacillin, azlocillin, gentamicin, amikacin, and carbenicillin. GR 20263 protected mice against experimental infections with P. aeruginosa more effectively than other beta-lactam antibiotics; its general effectiveness in this test was comparable with gentamicin. Studies on human volunteers showed that it produces high, long lasting blood levels, with much of the antibiotic being recovered in the urine. Intramuscular and intravenous injections were well tolerated by the volunteers, and there were no untoward side effects. PMID- 6994644 TI - Anaerobic biochemical techniques applied in the purification of the hydrogenase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. PMID- 6994645 TI - Antimicrobial activities of some antineoplastic and other withanolides. PMID- 6994646 TI - Carbohydrate dissimilation tests in the identification of staphylococci. AB - Reproducible and comparable results were obtained in different media containing different nutrients and indicators when representative Staphylococcus strains were tested for acid production from carbohydrates. Only in tests with melezitose, ribose and turanose many discrepant, weak or delayed positive reactions occurred. In tests with other carbohydrates similarly many weak results were visible after 1 day of incubation, but acid reactions were clear and easy to read after 2 days in phenol red broth and Andrade peptone water media, commonly used in the routine identification of other bacterial genera. Important alkalinization effects were observed after prolonged incubation, but not after short periods up to 24 h in peptone-rich test media. Growth was poor and numbers of acid reactions from carbohydrate breakdown detected did not increase when peptone-free media were used. PMID- 6994647 TI - Toxic effect of cysteine against Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Cysteine was shown to be toxic to Salmonella typhimurium. The mechanism of this toxicity may be due, at least in part, to cysteine's ability to cause deoxyribonucleic acid strand scissions. PMID- 6994648 TI - Automation of water bacteriological analysis: running test of an experimental prototype. AB - The experimental apparatus described enables continuous and automatic bacteriological water examination. It ensures the analysis and detection of Escherichia coli by incubation of the water samples and then detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase in coils according to the Technicon principles. The analysis is rapid: it is performed within 13 h with a sensitivity of better than 1 bacterium/100 ml, and 120 samples of 100 ml of water are examined in 24 h. Laboratory experiments and field testing showed that this prototype ensured a specific and sensitive analysis. They also provided information about the frequency of maintenance necessary to retain its efficiency. This device would allow, under the same conditions, the examination of liquid food products. PMID- 6994649 TI - Chloramphenicol binding site of an fi- R-factor-specified variant of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. PMID- 6994650 TI - Purification of oligonucleotides with streptolysin S inducer activity and de novo synthesis of the hemolysin. PMID- 6994651 TI - Multiple interactions of ethidium bromide with yeast cells. PMID- 6994652 TI - Distinguishing between Mn-containing and Fe-containing superoxide dismutases in crude extracts of cells. PMID- 6994653 TI - Proteolipids of yeast mitochondria: discrimination between the phosphate-binding and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipids. PMID- 6994654 TI - Differences in uncoupling effects associated with the uptake of lactose and dansyl-galactoside in Escherichia coli membrane: active transport versus specific binding. PMID- 6994655 TI - Cyanide-resistant respiration in yeast. I. Isolation of a cyanide-insensitive NAD(P)H oxidoreductase. PMID- 6994656 TI - Demonstration of protease activity for epidermal growth factor-binding protein. PMID- 6994657 TI - Structural similarities between the major polypeptides of thylakoid membranes from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PMID- 6994658 TI - Kinetic studies on the binding of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor with subtilisin BPN. PMID- 6994659 TI - Risks of unoccluded topical steroids in clinical trials. AB - Data were reviewed on the beneficial responses and adverse reactions among 2,849 patients in 14 paired-comparison studies with eight unoccluded topical corticosteroids in six steroid-responsive dermatoses. Adverse reactions were found to be mild, transient, and, for the most part, rare. Of 5,698 treatment exposures, 249 (4.39%) adverse reactions were reported, including irritation (1.3%), itching (0.95%), burning (0.81%), dryness (0.46%), scaling (0.30%), and vesicle formation (0.16%). Other reactions occurred in less than one in 1,000 treatment exposures. No severe reactions were observed. Five subjects (0.17%) terminated treatment early because of adverse reactions. The incidence of adverse reactions to vehicle alone was 6.7%. The benefit-risk ratio for mild reactions was 17:1. Therefore, long lists of adverse reactions are inappropriate in written consent forms for prospective volunteers for clinical trials. Al alternative warning statement is proposed. PMID- 6994660 TI - Complement-fixing intercellular antibodies in a case of cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - A patient with ocular and oral lesions, as well as cicatricial pemphigoid, had intercellular antibodies to a titer of 80 by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy staining tests with her serum. These were identified as pemphigus-like antibodies, since direct IF microscopy indicated no intercellular IgG deposits. Complement IF microscopy tests of the serum gave a closely comparable titer (40) of intercellular antibodies. Since serum samples of patients with true pemphigus either fail to fix complement or have much lower complement fixation titers, the complement IF microscopy tests of patients' serum samples may be of value in differentiating pemphigus-like antibodies from pemphigus antibodies. PMID- 6994661 TI - Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase, polyamines, cell proliferation, and tumor promotion. PMID- 6994662 TI - [Crystallography in the analysis of urinary calculi in Spain. Historical review of the Spanish contribution to the subject]. AB - We make a review of the Spanish contribution to the field of crystallography applied to the study of Urinary Lithiasis and assess the current state of the same. We emphasize, by virtue of the number and quality of their works, CIFUENTES, DELATTE and COLLS, SOMACARRERA and ALONSO as pioneers of ultramicroscopic studies. GUILEN CAVERO because of his impressive explanation of Lithogenesis and B. PINTO for his contribution to the generalization of the knowledge of analysed calculation by means of crystallographic methods. PMID- 6994664 TI - The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXXII. The influence of p-aminobenzoic acid on the transmission of Plasmodium yoelii and P. berghei by Anopheles stephensi. AB - More oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii developed in Anopheles stephensi if the mosquitoes received a supplement of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in their diet prior to their taking an infective blood meal, than in unsupplemented control insects. The optimum concentration was 0.05% PABA in 10% sucrose. This effect was not observed if the blood meal was taken prior to feeding with PABA. Similarly, PABA administered to gametocyte-carrying mice increased the numbers of oocysts developing in mosquitoes fed on them subsequently, the effect also being dose dependent, and not mediated through an increase in gametocyte numbers. Sulphadoxine (which blocks PABA uptake) had the opposite action, reducing the numbers of oocysts either when fed directly to the mosquitoes or to the donor mice. These results are compared with those reported in other host-parasite systems by earlier workers, and certain paradoxical observations are discussed with reference to a possible relationship between sulphonamides and contaminating microorganisms in the vector mosquitoes. PMID- 6994663 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis]. AB - In view of the great incidence of bacterial prostatitis and the small number of antibiotics which reach significant levels in the prostate gland, we have used Baert's local antibiotherapy on 24 patients suffering from chronic, bacterial prostatitis and in whom, previous treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol had failed. 95.9% of sterilizations of prostate liquid growths were obtained six months after the treatment. PMID- 6994665 TI - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis IV. Further trials with metrifonate. AB - Thirty-four healthy adult males, moderately to heavily infected with Onchocerca volvulus, were treated daily with metrifonate at 10 mg/kg body weight for either three or six days. The patients' reactions and the effects on the microfilariae were measured on a 'single-blind' basis. Muscarinic effects of acetylcholine were prominent despite the use of belladonna alkaloids, and nicotinic effects--leading to a proximal muscle weakness--occurred in one patient after the fifth dose. A syndrome of polyarthritis, fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate occurred in 11 patients, in two of whom microfilariae were demonstrated in the joint fluid. The six-day regime destroyed 83% of the microfilarial load and the three-day regime destroyed 72%, but the difference was not statistically significant (as assessed one week after the completion of treatment). It seems unlikely that metrifonate will replace DEC as the 'reference' microfilaricide and attempts to improve its efficacy by employing higher dosage must employ an intermittent dose regime. PMID- 6994666 TI - Platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass and its prevention with prostacyclin. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2), a newly discovered short-acting prostaglandin that inhibits platelet aggregation, was evaluated as an agent for prevention of cardiopulmonary bypass-induced thrombocytopenia. Ten adult, splenectomized greyhounds were divided into three treatment groups prior to beginning 120 minutes of partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 1 animals received 300 units of heparin per kilogram of body weight, Group 2 animals received 300 units of heparin per kilogram plus PGI2, 1.5 micrograms per minute, and Group 3 animals received 300 units of heparin per kilogram plus PGI2 3.0 micrograms per minute. Bypass and PGI2 infusion were started simultaneously. Mean platelet counts of each group at 5 minutes were approximately 40% of prebypass levels. Additional platelet loss was seen in Groups 1 and 2 at 30, 60, and 120 minutes. However in Group 3, platelet counts at 30 and 60 minutes were essentially unchanged from prebypass levels. At 30, 60, and 120 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass, the differences between Groups 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 are highly significant (p less than 0.01). We conclude that PGI2 is an effective agent for preserving platelet levels during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, it is possible that platelet loss during cardiopulmonary bypass may be caused, in part, by an imbalance between PGI2 and thromboxane A2, which results in excessive platelet adhesion and aggregation. PMID- 6994668 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting: simplification and refinement of surgical technique. AB - Recent advances in technique and myocardial preservation that I have used in performing the coronary bypass operation are described. Rigid adherence to basic microsuture technique and use of hypothermic hyperosmolar cardioplegic solution and wide-field optical magnification have been responsible for improving graft patency rates and markedly reducing operative mortality during the past six years. With these techniques, hospital mortality has been 0.6% (3 deaths) in the last 500 consecutive coronary bypass operations. PMID- 6994667 TI - Experimental endocarditis in calf after tricuspid valve replacement. AB - A calf model for reproducible, prosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis was developed using Staphylococcus aureus. The course of late prosthetic valve endocarditis was characterized as a fulminant disease when untreated with antibiotics. The earliest sign of a colonized valve prosthesis was an elevation of body temperature, which correlated with occurrence of positive blood cultures. The dose required to colonize an endothelialized tricuspid prosthetic valve in the calf model was 10(7) to 10(8) S. aureus organisms. In the model for late prosthetic valve endocarditis, silver-allantoin-heparin (SAH) treatment of the prosthetic valve gave no protection from inoculums of 10(8) S. aureus injected 60 days after operation. SAH treatment may be beneficial in early stages of prosthetic valve endocarditis, but this requires further study. Simultaneous cultures from the right atrium, the right ventricle, and the aorta of 2 animals showed that there was a 1,000- to 10,000-fold decrease in the bacterial titers across the combined pulmonary and systemic capillary beds. Bacterial titers drawn from the jugular vein had a 46% false negative result, and positive cultures from the external jugular vein showed only 1.3 S. aureus organisms per milliliter of blood. These bacteriological findings point out the risks of depending on sampling from the peripheral venous system when culturing for right heart endocarditis. PMID- 6994670 TI - Clinical value and limitations of echocardiography. Its use in the study of patients with infectious endocarditis. AB - The echocardiographic laboratory is frequently requested to "rule out" endocarditis. The sensitivity of echocardiography in detecting vegetations has been well studied; the specificity is not known, but few false-positive studies have been reported, and the clinical implications of the study are controversial. This review summarizes the state of the art of the echocardiographic evaluation of patients with suspected clinical endocarditis. PMID- 6994669 TI - Prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. PMID- 6994671 TI - Bilateral endogenous Escherichia coli endophthalmitis. AB - Escherichia coli endophthalmitis developed in a 62-year-old man following an inadequately treated lower urinary tract infection. Treatment with intravenous and local antibiotics and steroids was successful in eradicating the infection, but blindness was not reversed. The pathogenesis and management of secondary bacterial endophthalmitis are reviewed. PMID- 6994672 TI - Ruptured mycotic aneurysm of a coronary artery. A fatal complication of Salmonella infection. AB - A 53-year-old man with a kidney transplant was hospitalized because of back pain, fever, and an enlarging heart size. Cultures of blood and stool yielded Salmonella enteritidis (group D, serotype enteritidis). Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, the patient died of cardiac arrest on the seventh hospital day. Autopsy revealed a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the right coronary artery with hemopericardium. In addition, a ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was present. To our knowledge, ruptured mycotic aneurysm involving a coronary artery owing to Salmonella infection has not been described previously. PMID- 6994673 TI - Usefulness of a microblood culture technique in neonatal septicemia. AB - Macroblood (MaHC) and microblood (MiHC) cultures were made in 200 neonates with a suspected diagnosis of septicemia so as to compare the efficiency of MiHC to isolate bacterias taking MaHC as reference. Blood was obtained by heel punctures in sterile test tubes soaked with polyanetol sodium sulphonate and later cultured in trypticase soy broth with sacharose 15 per cent. Positive percentage was 14.5 for MiHC and 12.3 for MaHC. MiHC reliability, taking MaHC as reference was 59 per cent. Only 29.7 per cent isolations were obtained with MiHC that increased to 40.2 per cent with MaHC technique. Culture efficiency was higher for Klebsiella, P. Mirabilis and S. paratiphy B using MaHC while for Staph. aureus MiHC proved to be a better technique. The use of polyanetol sodium sulphate instead of heparin, sachorose addition to the culture medium, larger samples and typical features of infection in neonates studied, account for findings and differences observed in a previous work. PMID- 6994675 TI - New anatomosis technique of the bile duct to prevent secondary stenosis. Preliminary report. PMID- 6994674 TI - Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (elisa) for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. I. Standardization of technique. AB - The sera of 25 patients with bacteriological diagnosis of typhoid fever were analyzed to identify and measure the antibodies to S. typhi somatic antigens using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). The results were positive in all the serologic tests, with titers varying from 1:600 to 1:2500. Development and standardization of the technique, results of the intra-assay and inter-assay tests and their correlation to Widal's reaction are described in detail. PMID- 6994676 TI - Epignathus with placental hydrops. AB - A stillborn male infant with massive epignathus showed placental enlargement, hydramnios, and hydrops. These changes are thought to be due to cardiac decompensation from circulation of the large vascular tumor mass. Y bodies present in the tumor suggest a mitotic origin for epignathi from host cells. PMID- 6994677 TI - Cytological diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. AB - In six cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis cytological studies helped to establish the correct diagnosis. With the introduction of new diagnostic techniques, such as fine-needle aspiration and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, preoperative and antemortem diagnoses of pulmonary cryptococcosis will be made more frequently. It is important to be familiar with the cytological appearance of the organism and its importance in sputum or aspirated material. PMID- 6994680 TI - Renal transplantation: its use in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and complete occlusion of inferior vena cava. AB - A 22-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava underwent a living related donor renal transplantation, with the kidney placed in the standard pelvic extraperitoneal position. If adequate collateral circulation bypassing the impedance of vena caval obstruction can be demonstrated, there is no need for orthotopic renal transplantation. PMID- 6994679 TI - Safety and efficacy of a new synthetic burn dressing: a multicenter study. AB - A three-tiered, multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new synthetic dressing for burn injuries. The first tier compared use of the test dressing with use of a conventional topical chemotherapeutic agent; the test dressing afforded greater patient comfort, equivalent control of bacterial growth, less frequent dressing change, and possibly faster reepithelialization. Drawbacks included difficulty of application, poor adherence during the first 24 hours after injury, frequent necessity to repair cracks and fissures, and inability to easily monitor burn wounds for bacterial growth. Subsequent tiers were noncomparative but included patients with more severe injuries. The test dressing may be useful in treating superficial and moderate second-degree burns of less than 20% of the total body surface area and possibly in treating iatrogenic "burn" wounds such as donor sites. Its use on third-degree burns is not recommended. PMID- 6994681 TI - Esophageal transection for bleeding esophageal varices: use of the EEA stapler. AB - The end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler was successfully used for esophageal transection in a patient with recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding and poor cardiopulmonary status. PMID- 6994682 TI - The letters of William Halsted and Anton von Eiselsberg: a very special friendship. AB - William Halsted and Anton von Eiselsberg enjoyed an extended friendship. It was marked by a fairly continuous correspondence during a period of 18 years. Their letters were recently found in the Halsted Papers in the archives collection of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, where they had remained undisturbed for over 60 years. Written in English, this is the first time they have ever been published. They are of historical interest in that they represent the only known correspondence between Halsted and a major figure of the Billroth school of surgery. Their content provides a vivid insight into a close personal relationship that endured the tragedies and hardships of World War I. PMID- 6994678 TI - Results of alloarthroplasty of the hip joint. AB - We report on the follow-up examination results of 881 operated hip joints which were implanted in the Innsbruck University Clinic for Orthopedics during the period 1968--1975. Due to exact checking 75% of all patients could be clinically control-examined during 1978 and all available information regarding the others was collected. In the patient group with an average age of 62.5 years the course of postoperative mobility over the years was mainly examined. Functional activity, subjective patient opinion, pain, work capability and weather sensitivity were also analyzed. After an implantation period of the hip prosthesis of 3--10 years encouraging results were shown. Aseptic prostheses loosenings (9.8%) were examined with regard to their causes. The infection rate was very low at 0.56% and also periarticular calcification only occurred comparatively seldom (13.5%). Other complications were recorded in 6.8% of the patients. In total, 74% of the operated patients offered a very good or good complete result. PMID- 6994685 TI - Species differences in activating and inactivating enzymes related to in vitro mutagenicity mediated by tissue preparations from these species. PMID- 6994684 TI - Metabolic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene by isolated rat liver cells. Involvement of different metabolites causing DNA-repair and bacterial mutagenesis. AB - Isolated rat liver cells are able to metabolize 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) to reactive species, capable of producing mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1518 and evoking unscheduled DNA synthesis within the hepatocytes. Indications are presented, that these genotoxic effects are caused by different reactive metabolites. Mutagenesis could be blocked almost completely by paraoxon, an inhibitor of the de-acetylation reaction, whereas induction of DNA excision repair was prevented by antagonizing the sulfation reaction by means of salicylamide. PMID- 6994683 TI - Prolegomena to Seveso. Ecclesiastes I 18. PMID- 6994687 TI - Possible determinants for the differential susceptibility of mammalian cells and tissues to chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6994686 TI - The Ah locus. A gene with possible importance in cancer predictability. AB - The Ah locus represents a complex "cluster" of genes controlling the induction of numerous drug-metabolizing enzyme "activities". Regulation involves a cytosolic receptor similar in many ways to the steroid receptors. Allelic differences at the Ah locus have been shown to be associated in the mouse with increased individual risk for cancer, mutation, drug toxicity, and birth defects. Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.2) (AHH) is an inducible drug-metabolizing enzyme activity which reflects allelic differences at the Ah locus. The exists sufficient evidence that heritable variation of the Ah locus occurs in man. Growing evidence indicates that persons with higher AHH inducibility in their cultured mitogen-activated lymphocytes may have a statistically significantly increased risk for certain cancers. Experimental difficulties in the day-to-day variability of the AHH assay with cultured lymphocytes or monocytes, however, make it impossible at this time to be certain of whether this induction process is controlled principally by a single gene. It also remains to be determined at the present time whether this genotype can be used as a biochemical marker in the individual patient for predicting increased susceptibility to certain types of environmentally caused cancers or toxicity in man. PMID- 6994688 TI - An approach to the assessment of the risk to man from DNA damaging agents. PMID- 6994689 TI - Limited usefulness of mathematical models for assessing the carcinogenic risk of minute doses. AB - No mathematical model for carcinogenesis can cover all the exigencies of life. The usefulness of any model is consequently limited. A model may provide a basis for graduating data, though it need not be altogether valid to give reasonable graduations in the observable range and competing models could do as well. Or for providing useful insights into situations, a model need not be completely valid. But for the problematic issue of extrapolating to minute doses, the question of validity is crucial. A variety of related issues and approaches are discussed, beginning with a kinetic model proposed by Cornfield. Other discussions relate to the empirical relationship described by Druckrey, the linear model approach espoused by Crump and Guess and their associates, the safe dose estimation procedure of Hartley and Sielken and the relation of these approaches to the Mantel-Bryan approach. Issues like between-species extrapolation, limiting concern to near lifetime risks, occupational exposures vs. general population exposures are also considered. PMID- 6994691 TI - A technique for localizing LDL by immunofluorescence in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded atherosclerotic lesions. AB - A protocol has been developed by which apo beta, the protein component of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), can be localized in four micron-thick sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded arteries with atherosclerotic involvement from man or non-human primate. An immunofluorescence procedure was employed that utilized affinity column-purified antibody coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Although fixation reduced the intensity of fluorescence relative to that in cryostat sections, sufficient sensitivity was usually achieved when microscopy was performed using incident-light fluorescence together with a filter system adjusted for maximum absorption of FITC and by using oil immersion objectives. Furthermore, the use of various counterstains altered the color of the autofluorescence, normally strongly yellow, thus greatly enhancing the contrast and visualization of the apple green specific fluorescence. Non-chelated eriochrome black reduced tissue autofluorescence to barely visible levels, a feature useful in black and white photographs to demonstrate the localization pattern of LDL in arteries. This stain also reduced non-specific fluorescence. Other counterstains that proved useful were emthyl green, flazo orange and chelated eriochrome black. The latter two were particularly valuable for cellular detection. At low magnification LDL localization in atherosclerotic lesions from both human aortas and coronary arteries from monkeys fed an atherogenic diet, gave a pattern similar to those reported in cryostat sections of human lesions. At higher magnification, the improved detail of LDL localization could presumably be discerned as a result of immobilization of the soluble antigen by fixation, and by the ability to cut thinner sections of embedded material. This immunofluorescence procedure to localize LDL in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded atherosclerotic lesions should prove useful in both prospective as well as retrospective studies on clinical or chemical-pathological correlative studies on human tissues or in studies on atherogenesis using animal models. PMID- 6994692 TI - [Mikhail Grigor'evich Prives (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6994690 TI - Radial haemolysis in gel: a comparative study with Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and rubella viruses, representatives of three genera of Togaviridae family. AB - Optimal conditions of radial haemolysis in gel (HIG) with Chikungunya (Chik) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses were developed and compared with those of rubella virus. Sheep erythrocytes were found preferable for HIG with Chik and JE viruses, unlike rubella virus, where goose erythrocytes gave best results. Rooster erythrocytes were completely negative in the Chik and JE HIG, again differing from rubella virus, which was practically as good with rooster as with goose erythrocytes. Sheep erythrocytes with rubella virus gave incomplete reactions in HIG. Sensitization of erythrocytes with JE and Chik viruses is better, when borate-phosphate, and not phosphate buffer, is used. Optimum pH values for both viruses should be regarded. Sucrose-acetone, freon and borate saline antigens from infected mice brain may be used for HIG with Chik and JE viruses. PMID- 6994693 TI - [Sergei Sergeevich Mikhailov (k 60-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia)]. PMID- 6994694 TI - Biofeedback relaxation therapy: what is it? who does it help? PMID- 6994695 TI - [State of lymph node stroma in lympho- and reticulosarcoma]. AB - Examinations of stroma of lymph nodes (50 patients) in lympho- and reticulosarcomas revealed three types of alterations of the reticuline carcass: (1) diffuse destructive changes, (2) focal reticuline fibrosis against the background of destructive lesions, and (3) diffuse reticuline fibrosis. The first two types were most frequent. It was shown that diffuse reticuline fibrosis may develop in lymphosarcomas. Therefore, the state of the reticuline carcass cannot be used as an additional criterion for differentiation of various forms of the disease. It was confirmed that the sclerotic variant should be considered a separate entity. PMID- 6994697 TI - [Measurement of the thickness of a histological preparation by the interference method]. AB - The proposed method allows to measure the thickness of microscopic section by combing the method of air optical wedge and smooth alteration of wave length by means of monochromator. The latter provides exact localization of the interference fringe on the desired zone of the wedge thus sparing the necessity of measuring the interference fringe on the wedge. PMID- 6994696 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of reactions between the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and components of connective tissue cellular elements]. AB - By means of immunofluorescence using sera against three classes of human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), localization of the components (or one of the components) responsible for reaction of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with connective tissue antigens was found to be in the cytoplasm of different kinds of cell elements of the connective tissue present in joints. Sera from RA patients collected at different stages of the disease reacted with connective tissue cell elements in titers of 1 : 64 to 1 : 1024, whereas sera from normal subjects (in 33% of specimens) reacted only to 1 : 8--1 : 16. PMID- 6994699 TI - Multifactorial evaluation of hemofiltration therapy in comparison with conventional hemodialysis. AB - In order to ascertain if the potential benefits claimed for hemofiltration (HF) are supportable, chronic thrice-weekly HF therapy has been assessed in a group of nine uremic patients who had previously been stabilized on conventional hemodialysis (HD) for a mean of 17.8 months at a frequency of 3 x 5 hours/week. Changes between the termination of HD (= initiation of HF) and the last three months were observed in multifactorial parameters. No significant differences were observed in any parameter except the frequency of hypotensive episodes and the pretreatment levels of conventional waste metabolites. The latter were higher on HF than HD and the frequency of hypotension, 2% in HF, was less than the 8% frequency observed in HD, despite much larger body weight reductions per HF treatment. Also, the effects of HF on hypertension and hyperlipidemia were not significantly better than observed on HD therapy. Our preliminary conclusions are that HF is superior to HD in both the ease and safety of fluid removal and there is virtual elimination of the disequilibrium syndrome. However, HF offers no other obvious advantages over conventional hemodialysis therapy. PMID- 6994698 TI - Hemofiltration for the treatment of hypertensions associated with end-stage renal failure. AB - Six patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension have been studied with a crossover protocol involving three months on hemodialysis followed by three months on predilution hemofiltration and concluded by a return to hemodialysis for three months. Half of the patients showed improved blood pressure control in the absence of measurable changes in plasma renin activity, blood volume, and body weight. A fall in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in the plasma and a reduction in the lability of blood pressure in these three patients suggest that improved blood pressure control is the result of improvement in the defective baroreceptor reflex noted to be present in patients mith chronic renal failure and hypertension. PMID- 6994700 TI - Mammalian platelet damage in vitro by an ultrasonic therapeutic device. PMID- 6994701 TI - The separation and culture of cell populations from bovine molar tooth germs. PMID- 6994702 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis. AB - In a case of metastatic Gram-negative endophthalmitis caused by Serratia marcescens, the bacterial isolate was resistant to gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin but sensitive to amikacin sulfate, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside approved for systemic use. The importance of antibiotic-resistant S marcescens as a systemic and ocular pathogen is reviewed. PMID- 6994703 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty: changing indications, 1947 to 1978. AB - Corneal buttons submitted to the Estelle Doheny Eye Foundation from 1947 through 1978 were studied. According to a study of 710 corneal specimens processed during 31 years, the leading indications for penetrating keratoplasty were aphakic bullous keratopathy, regrafts, keratoconus, and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Intraocular lenses were associated with 22% of all specimens of aphakic bullous keratopathy in 1974, increasing to 68% of all aphakic bullous keratopathy corneas in 1978. Histopathologic appearance of aphakic bullous keratopathy corneas with or without an intraocular lens was similar. PMID- 6994704 TI - Effect of urokinase on corneal endothelium. AB - Urokinase in concentrations ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 units/mL was used to perfuse the corneal endothelium of rabbits for three hours in the specular microscope. No notable corneal swelling was noted, and the corneal endothelium appeared normal when observed with scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6994705 TI - Closure of nasal septal perforations. AB - Twenty patients with nasal septal perforations were treated in a seven-year period by closure with a combined flap and graft technique. Nineteen patients (95%) reported relief of symptoms and showed complete closure of their perforations on follow-up examinations one to seven years later. The technique employs bipedicled mucosal advancement flaps, designed to maximize blood supply for flap viability, and an underlying connective tissue autograft (fascia or pericranium) for structural reinforcement. PMID- 6994706 TI - Hartley Gibson, O.B.E., B.D.Sc., L.D.S., F.I.C.D. PMID- 6994707 TI - The partially edentulous patient. I. The biologic price of prosthodontic intervention. PMID- 6994708 TI - The effect of single and repeated oral doses of isosorbide dinitrate on plasma renin activity and plasma catecholamine levels in conscious dogs. PMID- 6994709 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a novel neutral proteinase from human uterine cervix. AB - 1. Human uterine cervical stroma was found to contain a Ca(2+)-independent neutral proteinase against casein and N-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide (Bz-dl Arg-Nan). This enzyme was tightly bound to an insoluble material (20000g pellet) and was solubilized by high concentrations of NaCl or KCl. High concentrations of them in the reaction system, however, inhibited reversibly the activity of this enzyme. 2. The neutral proteinase was partially purified by extraction with NaCl, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and affinity chromatography on casein-Sepharose. 3. The optimal pH of this partially purified enzyme was 7.4-8.0 against casein and Bz-dl-Arg-Nan. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 1.4x10(5) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. 4. The enzyme was significantly inhibited by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (0.1mm). High concentration of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (5mm), 7-amino-1-chloro-3-l-tosylamidoheptan-2 one (0.5mm), antipain (10mum) or leupeptin (10mum) was also found to be inhibitory, but chymostatin (40mug/ml), soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (2.5mg/ml), human plasma (10%, v/v), p-chloromercuribenzoate (1mm), EDTA (10mm) and 1-chloro 4-phenyl-3-l-tosylamidobutan-2-one (1mm) had no effect on the enzyme. 5. The neutral proteinase hydrolysed casein, Bz-dl-Arg-Nan and heat-denatured collagen, but was inactive towards native collagen and several synthetic substrates, such as 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-d-Arg, 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala Ala p-nitroanilide and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-d-Arg, and also proteoglycan. The enzyme did not act as a plasminogen activator. 6. These properties suggested that a neutral proteinase in the human uterine cervix was different from enzymes previously reported. PMID- 6994710 TI - Precolicin E1, the major gene product of plasmid-ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro. AB - Coupled transcription and translation of plasmid-ColE1 DNA in vitro under optimized conditions gave one major product. This has an apparent weight of 71 000, the same N-terminal sequence as colicin E1 and was not digested by deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. It differed from colicin E1 in its C-terminal residue and amino acid composition. It had lower specific activities in cell killing and in the fluorescence-enhancement in vitro assay of Phillips & Cramer [(1973) Biochemistry 12, 1170--1176] than did colicin E1, but both proteins bound in equimolar amounts to colicin-sensitive and colicin-resistant cells. The product of plasmid-ColE1-DNA-directed protein synthesis was converted into a protein indistinguishable in structure and activity from colicin E1 by incubation in the reaction mixture, after deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease treatment, for a further 20 h at 37 degrees C. A protein with similar properties to the 71 000 dalton product in vitro was identified in extracts of a ColE1+ colicin-tolerant mutant of Escherichia coli K12. It is concluded that this protein probably represents a pre-form of colicin E1 which may be involved in colicin-E1 secretion or cellular colicin-E1 immunity in colicin-E-producing cells, or both of these processes. PMID- 6994712 TI - Utilization of energy-providing substrates in the isolated working rat heart. AB - 1. An improved perfusion system for the isolated rat heart is described. It is based on the isolated working heart of Neely, Liebermeister, Battersby & Morgan (1967) (Am. J. Physiol. 212, 804-814) and allows the measurement of metabolic rates and cardiac performance at a near-physiological workload. The main improvements concern better oxygenation of the perfusion medium and greater versatility of the apparatus. Near-physiological performance (cardiac output and aortic pressure) was maintained for nearly 2 h as compared with 30 min or less in the preparations of earlier work. 2. The rates of energy release (O2 uptake and substrate utilization) were 40-100% higher than those obtained by previous investigators, who used hearts at subphysiological workloads. 3. Values are given for the rates of utilization of glucose, lactate, oleate, acetate and ketone bodies, for O2 consumption and for the relative contributions of various fuels to the energy supply of the heart. Glucose can be replaced to a large extent by lactate, oleate or acetate, but not by ketone bodies. 4. Apart from quantitative differences there were also major qualitative differences between the present and previous preparations. Thus insulin was not required for maximal rates of glucose consumption at near-physiological, in contrast with subphysiological, workloads when glucose was the sole added substrate. When glucose oxidation was suppressed by the addition of other oxidizable substrates (lactate, acetate or acetoacetate), insulin increased the contribution of glucose as fuel for cardiac energy production at high workload. 5. In view of the major effects of workload on cardiac metabolism, experimentation on hearts performing subphysiologically or unphysiologically is of limited value to the situation in vivo. PMID- 6994711 TI - Impaired lipogenesis in mammary glands of lactating rats fed on a cafeteria diet. Reversal of inhibition of glucose metabolism in vitro by insulin. AB - In lactating rats fed on a cafeteria diet (chow plus palatable high-energy foods) the decreased glucose uptake and lipogenesis in vitro in acini correlated with the depressed mammary-gland lipogenesis in vivo. Insulin in vitro restored the rate of glucose uptake and its conversion to lipid to values approaching those for acini from rats fed on the chow diet alone. PMID- 6994713 TI - Prolonged effect of insulin on glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle. AB - The fate of insulin, as it relates to its action on skeletal-muscle glucose uptake, was studied in non-cyclically perfused rat hindlimbs. Insulin (1m i.u./ml) with and without (125)I-labelled insulin was infused intra-arterially for 5 or 6min. Net glucose uptake and the release of (125)I-labelled insulin into the venous effluent were evaluated by arteriovenous-difference measurements for an additional 24-32min. The infusion of insulin for 5min promoted glucose uptake, an effect that persisted throughout a subsequent 25min of perfusion in the absence of insulin. The addition of insulin antibody to the perfusate in the presence of insulin blocked the action of insulin on glucose uptake, but it failed to alter insulin action if the muscle tissue had been exposed to insulin before addition of antibody. When (125)I-labelled albumin was infused for 6min, venous effluent radioactivity decayed rapidly and remained HClO(4)-insoluble and there was no significant tissue retension of radioactivity. Comparable experiments in which (125)I-labelled insulin was infused for 6min revealed that the venous effluent radioactivity decayed more slowly, a significant amount of the (125)I-labelled insulin appeared as fragments (HClO(4)-soluble) and there was a significant retention of radioactivity in the tissue. Radioactivity in muscle tissue biopsies obtained 28min after infusion of (125)I-labelled insulin was associated largely with intact insulin and a peptide of mol.wt. 2400. The total radioactivity retained in the muscle at this time was 7% of the amount infused. An insulin bolus (1i.u.) failed to increase the discharge of this tissue associated radioactivity. These results suggest that insulin and a product of insulin metabolism persists in muscle tissue long after the arterial presence of insulin ends. This tissue residence and processing of insulin may be important components of insulin's prolonged action on glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. PMID- 6994715 TI - Factors that prevent the premature appearance of glucokinase in neonatal rat liver. AB - 1. The physiological factors that prevent the precocious appearance of glucokinase activity in the 13-day-old rat that can be induced by oral glucose administration were explored. 2. Evidence is presented that the galactose component of milk sugar is inhibitory. In the absence of this inhibitory galactose, the amount of glucose necessary to effect appreciable induction is greater than that present in milk. 3. The induction is prevented both by administration of mannoheptulose, which inhibits insulin release, and by excess insulin; the amount of insulin available therefore seems to be critical. 4. The inhibition of induction by galactose does not appear to be via competition with glucose but by enhancing insulin release and thereby making this excessive. The relative amounts of glucose and insulin appear to be important in regulating glucokinase induction. 5. The precocious induction of glucokinase by glucose is inhibited by simultaneous treatment with approriate amounts of adrenaline, glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or isoprenaline but not by vasopressin or angiotensin II. 6. No single cause of glucokinase induction in neonatal rat liver can be recognized. The process is subject to regulation by many factors at a time subsequent to when competence to synthesize the enzyme has been established. PMID- 6994716 TI - Binding of insulin to bovine liver plasma membrane. Use of insulin analogues modified at the A1 residue. AB - Bovine liver plasma membranes [Rosen, Ehrich, Junger, Bubenzer & Kuhn (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta587, 593-605] show similar insulin-binding characteristics, as evaluated by Scatchard analysis, to those of membrane systems from other species. However, the dissociation rate of bound insulin cannot be accelerated by the addition of insulin, in contrast with membranes isolated from rat liver. The dissociation rate is strongly dependent on the pH. Although dependent on temperature, the total capacity of binding sites is minimally changed, but the number of high-affinity sites is increased 2-3-fold, by lowering the incubation temperature. These data might be interpreted by assuming a single population of receptors whose distribution between different affinity states depends on temperature. In competition studies, most of the modified insulins examined show a close correlation between binding, determined in plasma membranes from bovine liver, and biological activity, measured in adipocytes. The hypothesis that a positive charge on the A1 residue may be favourable for binding is supported by experiments with an isosteric pair of insulins modified at this residue ([carbamoyl-Gly(A1)]- and [amidino-Gly(A1)]insulin) and with modified insulins carrying one or more positive charges on the A1 residue ([Arg-Gly(A1)]-, [Arg-Arg Gly(A1)]-, [Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly(A1)]- and [Lys-Arg-Gly(A1)]insulin). The latter insulin derivatives show a higher binding activity for plasma membranes from bovine, porcine and rat liver than expected from their biological activities in adipocytes. PMID- 6994714 TI - The development of white adipose tissue. Effect of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first year of life in male and female rats. AB - (1.) Male and female rats reared in litters of four gained body weight more rapidly than animals reared in litters of 16. The differences were more marked in males than females and became less marked in both sexes with advancing age. (2.) The relative weights of the perigenital, perirenal, subcutaneous and intramuscular white-adipose-tissue sites in the animals from small litters indicated their relative obesity compared with animals from large litters. A sex related difference in the distribution of adipose tissue between the four sites was seen in animals reared in litters of both four and 16. (3.) Although at 30 days of age all the animals had more numerous and larger fat-cells in their white adipose-tissue depots than animals reared in large litters, the pattern of change thereafter was both site- and sex-specific. During the post-weaning period (30 300 days), although detailed differences were apparent between sites, a general pattern of increased cell size in males and increased cell numbers in females emerged as being the important determinants responsible for the differences in depot sizes seen when animals from litters of four and 16 were compared. (4.) Lipoprotein lipase activities, expressed as units/g fresh wt. of tissue, in the depots of animals reared in groups of four were unaltered compared with those reared in groups of sixteen during the post-weaning period (47-300 days of age), and enzyme activities expressed per depot merely reflected differences in tissue weights. (5.) Lipoprotein lipase activities per 10(6) cells were higher in males reared in fours compared with those reared in sixteens of equivalent age, but were unaltered for females. (6.) The persistent hyperinsulinaemia of animals reared in litters of four is discussed in relation to the observed differences in enzyme activity and white-adipose-tissue cellularity. PMID- 6994719 TI - Freeze-thaw injury: evidence for double strand breaks in Escherichia coli DNA. PMID- 6994718 TI - Effect of ethanol on glutathione concentration in isolated hepatocytes. AB - 1. Ethanol induces a decrease in GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration is isolated hepatocytes. Maximal effects appear at 20 mM-ethanol. The concentration dependence of this decrease is paralleled by the concentration-dependence of the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. 2. Pyrazole, a specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, prevents the ethanol-induced GSH depletion. 3. Acetaldehyde, above 0.05 mM, also promotes a decrease in GSH concentration in hepatocytes. 4. Disulfiram (0.05 mM), an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, potentiates the fall in GSH concentration caused by acetaldehyde. 5. The findings support the hypothesis that acetaldehyde is responsible for the depletion of GSH induced by ethanol. 6. Methionine prevents the effect of alcohol or acetaldehyde on GSH concentration in hepatocytes. PMID- 6994717 TI - Crystal-forming proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. The limited hydrolysis by endogeneous proteinases as a cause of their apparent multiplicity. AB - The crystals of the entomocidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis are admixed with proteinases that in the course of their dissolution cause gradual degradation of the "genuine" crystal-forming protein components (i.e. the primary biosynthetic products) to products of lower molecular weight. This phenomenon might explain at least partially the contradictory data on the molecular parameters of the crystal-forming proteins. Preliminary inactivation of the proteinases adsorbed on the crystals allowed us to eliminate this source of the artefacts and to gain more reliable data on the protein composition of the crystals formed by various strains of B. thuringiensis. It has been shown that the crystals formed by all serotypes of B. thuringiensis, with the exception of the serotype V, contain only one protein with a mol. wt. of 145000, 135000 or 130000, depending on the strain. The majority of the strains that belong to the serotype V form crystals consisting of two proteins with mol. wts. of 135000 and 130000, but some of them also have a third component with a mol. wt. of 65000. PMID- 6994720 TI - Location of the reactive sulfhydryl residues in the primary sequence of the beta 2 subunit of tryptophan synthase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6994723 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin: enzymatic conversion of 5-amino-2,4-dioxy-6 ribitylaminopyrimidine to 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine. PMID- 6994722 TI - Proteolytic activity of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase from human lung. PMID- 6994721 TI - Further characterization of the putative glycolipid receptor for MIF: role of fucose associated with an acidic glycolipid. PMID- 6994724 TI - Mechanism of phosphoryl transfer by hexokinase. PMID- 6994725 TI - Characterization of a proteolytically modified form of human prothorombin. PMID- 6994727 TI - Insulin inhibits NADH-semidehydroascorbate reductase in rat liver plasma membrane. PMID- 6994726 TI - Stimulation of glucose transport and oxidation in adipocytes by fatty acids: evidence for a regulatory role in the cellular response to insulin. PMID- 6994728 TI - Mutational alterations of either large or small ribosomal subunit for the kanamycin resistance. PMID- 6994729 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase: a structural study of the dimeric iron site. PMID- 6994730 TI - Conformational changes at the peptidyl transferase center of antibiotic resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6994731 TI - The membrane bound retinol dehydrogenase from bovine rod outer segments. PMID- 6994732 TI - Studies on the follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone by radioimmunoassays and by bioassays. PMID- 6994733 TI - Bacterial mutagenesis and host cell DNA damage by chemical carcinogens in the Salmonella/hepatocyte system. PMID- 6994734 TI - The isolation of two mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which demonstrate increased activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. PMID- 6994735 TI - Novel protease bound with chromatins in normal and tumorous tissues of rats. PMID- 6994736 TI - Cell surface proteins of E. coli. PMID- 6994737 TI - Generation of methionine and leucine-enkephalin from precursor molecules by cation-sensitive neutral endopeptidase of bovine pituitary. PMID- 6994738 TI - Prostaglandin formation by microsomes of dog kidney. prostacyclin is a major prostaglandin of dog renal microsomes. PMID- 6994739 TI - Structural properties of the zinc site in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase; perturbed angular correlation of gamma ray spectroscopy on the Cu, 111Cd-superoxide dismutase derivative. PMID- 6994740 TI - Protein turnover in muscle: inhibitions of the calcium activated proteinase by mersalyl without inhibition of the rate of protein degradation. PMID- 6994741 TI - Enzymatic oxidation and reduction of retinal by mouse epidermis. PMID- 6994742 TI - Fluorescence spectra of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, a decapeptide containing histidyl, tryptophyl and tyrosyl residues: analysis by derivative spectroscopy. PMID- 6994743 TI - Effect of ethanol administration on free proline and glutamate in the intact rat liver. PMID- 6994744 TI - Effect of insulin and oral antidiabetics on glucose appearance and disappearance in the blood of rabbits. PMID- 6994745 TI - Interactions between ethanol and other hepatotoxic agents. PMID- 6994746 TI - Isolation and characterization of rabbit liver xenobiotic carbonyl reductases. PMID- 6994747 TI - Effect of calcium chloride on aspirin-induced hypoinsulinemia in rats. PMID- 6994749 TI - Xanthine oxidase increase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages in mice in three pathological situations. PMID- 6994748 TI - Liver xanthine oxidase increase in mice in three patholgoical models. A possible defence mechanism. PMID- 6994750 TI - Underestimation of alcohol dehydrogenase as a result of various technical pitfalls of the enzyme assay. PMID- 6994751 TI - Management of severe hypertension with nifedipine in combination with clonidine or propranolol. AB - The hypotensive effect of nifedipine was studied in 9 patients with severe hypertension. After oral administration of 20 mg nifedipine mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell, reaching lowest values about 1 h p.a. The antihypertensive effect lasted 7 h. Treatment with nifedipine alone (80 mg/day) lowered MAP significantly on the first day, but it tended to rise again therealter. Addition of clonidine (450 micrograms/day) or propranolol (120 mg/day) enhanced the hypotensive effect. Furosemide (120 mg/day) was ineffective when added to the above described regimen. Without nifedipine the combine drugs failed to keep MAP down. The decrease of MAP observed when giving this combination of drugs was associated with a significant fall in total peripheral resistance and plasma renin activity, but did not alter cardiac output and blood volume. We concluded that nifedipine together with clonidine or propranolol is very effective in the management of severe hypertension. PMID- 6994753 TI - [Publisher Rolf Halt, 60 years old]. PMID- 6994752 TI - [Study on the influence of the beta-blocker metoprolol on flow resistance of airways in patients with chronic obstructive disease of airways (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of a single dose of 100 mg metoprolol tartrate (Lopresor) on airway flow resistance, intrathoracic gas volume, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was studied in 10 patients with obstructive disease of the airways in a double-blind trial versus placebo. Metoprolol showed no significant effect on the flow resistance in the airways, although in some patients a clear increase in flow resistance was evident. The effect on pulse rate was significant, while that on blood pressure was less pronounced. Therefore the effect of metoprolol on airway flow resistance is similar to that of atenolol and pindolol, while it can be assumed to be superior to propranolol in this respect. The beta 2-stimulator fenoterol is capable of lowering the flow resistance in patients with chronic obstructive disease of the airways extremely satisfactorily, and equally well after metoprolol or after placebo. PMID- 6994754 TI - Improving speech services to hearing-impaired children. PMID- 6994755 TI - Frederick T. Spahr, Executive Secretary. PMID- 6994756 TI - Kenneth O. Johnson--risk-taker. PMID- 6994757 TI - [Pulmonary nocardiosis: presentation of a case and a review of the literature]. PMID- 6994758 TI - [Neonatal aortic thrombosis]. AB - A case of aortic thrombosis is reported in a 14 days old newborn after extensive review of the world literature is made. It was secondary to sepsis and hypercoagulability syndrome. Emphasis is placed on the early diagnosis, on the usefulness of the Doppler system when studying the vascular system as a non invasive method in critically ill pediatric patients; likewise, on the determinant surgical procedure during the initial stages of the establishment of the aortic thrombosis. PMID- 6994759 TI - Studies on the clinical pharmacology of prazosin. I: Cardiovascular, catecholamine and endocrine changes following a single dose. PMID- 6994760 TI - A study of the effects of atenolol and propranolol on renal function in patients with essential hypertension. AB - 1 The effects of propranolol and atenolol given in random order in a cross-over study to fifteen patients with essential hypertension have been studied. 2 Both drugs were effective in lowering blood pressure and side effects were not markedly different. 3 There was no change in exchangeable sodium or potassium or in total body potassium during treatment with either drug. 4 Ambulant plasma renin activity was reduced by both drugs but the fall in blood pressure was not related to initial plasma renin. 5 Despite equal mean reduction in blood pressure with the two drugs, creatinine clearance fell significantly only during treatment with propranolol. 6 These observations suggest that intra-renal beta 2 adrenoceptors may be of importance in the regulation of renal function. PMID- 6994761 TI - Proceedings of the symposium on centrally acting drugs in modern antihypertensive therapy (guanfacine) - May 1979. PMID- 6994762 TI - An ambulatory trial of guanfacine. AB - 1. The effects of acute and long-term treatment with guanfacine on ambulatory BP were studied. 2. The first day of therapy with guanfacine 1 mg produced a small reduction in BP whereas chronic therapy with doses up to 6 mg given once daily produced a substantial smooth reduction throughout the whole 24 hours. 3. There were no noticeable symptoms or rebound effects on withdrawal of the drug; side effects, were, however, prominent during therapy. 4. The drug reduced BP during dynamic exercise but did little during isometric exercise; no postural hypotension was noted during tilting. PMID- 6994763 TI - Blood pressure, heart rate, catecholamines and plasma renin activity following institution and withdrawal of guanfacine treatment in moderate hypertension. PMID- 6994764 TI - Acute action of guanfacine on peripheral circulation in hypertensive patients: measurements of arterial flow of the calf and of the forefoot, of venous capacity of the calf, of the blood pressure and of the heart rate. AB - 1. The acute action of an intravenous infusion (5 min) of guanfacine in doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg on peripheral circulation was studied in five hypoertensive patients and compared with a placebo in a randomized study. The observations were combined for 2 h after drug administration. 2. Two phases of drug action were seen during and immediately after the administration of guanfacine; a dose-dependent decrease in blood flow mainly of the forefoot but also in the calf was combined with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and a decrease in heart rate. Peripheral resistance was increased in this phase. Later, an increase in blood flow to the foot combined with a tendency towards a decrease in blood pressure were observed. 3. These preliminary results show that this second phase of action of guanfacine is dependent on the dose given. PMID- 6994765 TI - Guanfacine and glucose metabolism. AB - 1. The effect of a single dose of guanfacine 1.0 mg intravenously on glucose metabolism was compared with placebo. Six men participated in the cross-over study. 2. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed 90 min after the administration of the medicaments. Guanfacine had no effect on blood glucose, insulin or the 'Insulinogenic index'. PMID- 6994767 TI - Haemodynamics in hypertensive patients before and during guanfacine treatment. AB - 1. The haemodynamic mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effect of guanfacine during chronic oral administration were studied. 2. Ten patients with essential hypertension were submitted to haemodynamic measurements at rest and during exercise, before and after 12 weeks' treatment with guanfacine alone at a daily dose of between 3 and 15 mg orally. 3. The relevant haemodynamic values were obtained by means of an arterial catheter in the aorta, a venous catheter in the right atrium, and the measurement of cardiac output using the thermodilution method. 4. The antihypertensive efficacy of guanfacine was confirmed. 5. In the seven patients with a high peripheral resistance the main effect of guanfacine was a marked decrease in total peripheral resistance. In three patients with hypertension characterized by high stroke volume and cardiac output, the main effect of guanfacine was to reduce these variables. PMID- 6994766 TI - Haemodynamic effects of guanfacine. AB - 1. The haemodynamic mechanism of action of guanfacine 4 mg intravenously was investigated in resting conditions and during exercise for up to 20 h after administration of the drug. Cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressure were determined by the Swan-Ganz thermodilution method. Blood pressure was measured directly. 2. During and immediately after intravenous administration of guanfacine, blood pressure peripheral resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure increased (in keeping with an alpha-sympathomimetic effect of the compound), whereas heart rate and cardiac output decreased. 3. Subsequently blood pressure fell as a result of a decrease in cardiac output. From the third hour peripheral resistance decreased, whereas cardiac output increased again, sometimes exceeding the control value. 4. During exercise blood pressure was reduced from the third hour after administration, as in resting conditions, as a result of the reduction in peripheral resistance. 5. In resting conditions guanfacine reduced heart rate at the beginning and during the whole course after administration of the drug. 6. Side-effects noted included fatigue, drowsiness and bradycardia. PMID- 6994768 TI - Guanfacine in the treatment of hypertension due to pre-eclamptic toxaemia in thirty women. AB - 1. Thirty pregnant women aged 22-34 yr presenting with pre-eclampsia were treated with guanfacine for periods of 16-68 days. 2. Elevated blood pressure was lowered to a statistically and clinically significantly extent in the first week of treatment, falling almost to normal levels before parturition in 24 cases. Four days after delivery all the patients had normal blood pressures. 3. Oedema (localized or generalized) was not reduced to any extent by guanfacine and additional treatment was necessary in 17 cases. There was little effect on proteinuria. 4. Twenty-five patients reported side-effects attributable to the treatment (sedation in 25 cases, dryness of the mouth in 15, and feelings of dizziness in 6 cases). 5. No notable changes were observed in either foetal or maternal heart rate during the period of treatment. Of the 30 deliveries, 19 were spontaneous, 5 by vacuum extraction, and 6 were by Caesarean section because of suspected placental insufficiency. Six of the infants were 'small-for-date babies', but all developed normally later. PMID- 6994769 TI - Acute and chronic renal effects of guanfacine in essential and renal hypertension. AB - 1. Antihypertensive drugs may influence renal function, due to haemodynamic effects and altered release of hormones. 2. Acute and chronic renal effects (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) renal plasma flow (CPAH); diuresis; electrolyte clearances (CNa+, CK+, CCa++, CPO4 3-) of guanfacine have been investigated. 3. Acute intravenous injection induced a marked decrease in GFR, renal blood flow, diuresis and electrolyte clearances. These effects were less pronounced after oral administration. 4. In long-term antihypertensive treatment these effects are less prominent. 5. EFfects of guanfacine on blood pressure and heart rate are similar to those of clonidine (initial pressor response and bradycardia after intravenous injection). PMID- 6994770 TI - Clinical experience with guanfacine in long-term treatment of hypertension. Part II: adverse reactions to guanfacine. PMID- 6994771 TI - Central effects of guanfacine and clonidine during wakefulness and sleep in healthy subjects. AB - 1. Three double-blind studies in young normotensive male volunteers were carried out: a study in ten awake subjects, comparing guanfacine 2.0 and 4.0 mg with clonidie 0.15 and 0.30 mg and placebo; and two polygraphic sleep studies each with six subjects, comparing guanfacine 1.0 and 2.0 mg with placebo, and clonidine 0.15 and 0.30 mg with placebo, respectively. 2. In awake subjects, both drugs reduced systolic blood pressure without significantly altering diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and objective performance parameters. 'Side-effects' such as tiredness, decreased inclination to work, and dryness of the mouth were somewhat more frequent after the higher clonidine dose than after both doses of guanfacine, and peaked 2 h after clonidine but only 4-6 h after guanfacine. 3. Clonidine 0.15 and 0.30 mg given in the evening was followed by a substantial and dose-dependent reduction in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Guanfacine 1.0 mg did not alter REM sleep and 2.0 mg of guanfacine had less effect than both doses of clonidine in this respect. Clonidine's effect on REM sleep began after about 2 h, whereas guanfacine's action on REM sleep began 5 h after the dose. 4. Guanfacine and clonidine possess a qualitatively similar pattern of activity with regard to the parameters studied; but the central effects are less pronounced and occur later after guanfacine than after clonidine in equiactive doses. PMID- 6994772 TI - Effect of guanfacine on vigilance. AB - 1. In 20 patients suffering from mild hypertension (WHO classification I-II) the effect on vigilance was studied under double-blind conditions. Ten patients were given guanfacine 2 mg daily and ten others a placebo preparation. 2. Before the study and following 2 weeks' medication a battery of tests was applied in which the reaction time and attention were subjected to comparative analysis. The variation in blood pressure and heart rate under mental stress conditions was also tested. 3. The study shows a non-significant reduction in blood pressure in the guanfacine group without the parameters of vigilance being affected. Under mental stress, there was no impairment of haemodynamic reactions. 4. It is concluded that guanfacine, at the selected dose of 2 mg daily, has no apparent effect on the vigilance of hypertensive patients. PMID- 6994773 TI - Effect of guanfacine on skills related to driving. PMID- 6994774 TI - Guanfacine: effects of long-term treatment and withdrawal. AB - 1. Guanfacine 3-6 mg daily lowered blood pressure in five essential hypertensives and also reduced saliva production. 2. Plasma and urinary noradrenaline values were significantly reduced throughout the 8-10 weeks of treatment. 3. On substitution of placebo tablets for guanfacine, blood pressure increased over a 2 4 d period to reach but did not significantly exceed pretreatment levels. 4. After withdrawal of guanfacine plasma noradrenaline standing was significantly higher than the pretreatment level (P < 0.05) after 4 days. Saliva production was significantly higher than the pretreatment level on day 3 and day 4 of withdrawal. 5. Guanfacine is an effective antihypertensive drug with a spectrum of actions similar to clonidine. However, in abrupt withdrawal blood pressure returned to the pretreatment level over a 2-4 d period. PMID- 6994776 TI - Elimination of guanfacine in patients with normal and impaired renal function. AB - 1. Total body clearance and renal clearance after single intravenous doses of guanfacine were 360 +/- 262 (mean +/- s.d.) and 233 +/- 245 ml/min, respectively, in patients with normal renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 90 ml/min), 308 +/- 274 and 34 +/- 22 ml/min, respectively, in patients with moderately impaired renal function (GFR 30-10 ml/min), and 257 +/- 187 and 18 +/- 15 ml/min, respectively, in preuremic patients (GFR < 10 ml/min). 2. The cumulative urinary excretion up to 48 h after a single intravenous injection of guanfacine was 57.0 +/- 32.0% in patients with GFR > 90 ml/min, 14.0 +/- 9.0% in patients with GFR 30-10 ml/min and 7.5 +/- 2.4% in preuremic patients. 3. In normal as well as impaired renal function the elimination rate constant of guanfacine was 0.05 h-1, which corresponds to an elimination half-life of 14 h, independent of renal function. 4. These results suggest that non-renal elimination of guanfacine plays an important role in patients with renal failure. 5. Intestinal absorption of guanfacine was calculated to be 59 +/- 19% in patients with GFR > 90 ml/min, to 68 +/- 16% in patients with GFR 30-10 ml/min, and to 73 +/- 36% in preuremic patients. PMID- 6994775 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of guanfacine in man: a review. PMID- 6994777 TI - Clinical experience with guanfacine in long-term treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6994778 TI - Antihypertensive effect of guanfacine: a double-blind cross-over trial compared with clonidine. AB - 1. Sixteen patients with essential hypertension were treated with guanfacine and with clonidine for 5 weeks each in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Dosage ranged from 2 to 6 mg guanfacine and from 0.3 to 0.9 mg clonidine daily in two or three divided doses. 2. Both compounds caused a significant and comparable decrease in blood pressure. Patients whose blood pressure was not reduced to normal by 2 to 3 mg guanfacine daily did not respond better to an increase in the dose. 3. Dryness of the mouth and constipation occurred with about equal frequency with both agents, but sedation and orthostatic circulatory effects were considerably more frequent with clonidine. 4. A withdrawal syndrome was observed on discontinuation of clonidine in one patient as opposed to no rebound hypertension on stopping guanfacine treatment. 5. Guanfacine caused a significant decrease in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, suggesting a decrease in sympatho-adrenal activity. PMID- 6994779 TI - Comparative studies of guanfacine and methyldopa. AB - 1. The antihypertensive effects of the new phenylacetylguanidine compound, guanfacine, a sympathetic inhibitor with a central site of action, were compared with methyldopa in 20 out-patients with essential or renal hypertension (WHO grade I-II). 2. During a 6-week period in randomized cross-over conditions, guanfacine 3.5 mg daily caused a mean decrease of 24% in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). A normalization of blood pressure (BP < 145/95 mm Hg) was achieved in 50% of the patients and a 'good control' (BP < 160/100 mm Hg; > 145/95 mm Hg) in 90%. 3. Methyldopa 1.2 g daily led to a mean decrease in MAP of 12%. Normalization of blood pressure occurred in 15% and a 'good control' was achieved with 45% of the patients. Failure due to intolerance or ineffectiveness was observed in 40% of patients. 4. During therapy with guanfacine the following side-effects were noted: dryness of the mouth (n = 5), marked sedation (n = 2), constipation (n = 2), orthostasis (n = 1), collapse (n = 1) and atrioventricular block grade I on ECG (n = 1). Methyldopa caused headaches (n = 4), gastrointestinal disturbances (n = 4) and dryness of the mouth (n = 1). 5. The experience so far available seems to indicate that guanfacine is an effective antihypertensive drug which is more active than methyldopa in the doses used in this study. PMID- 6994780 TI - Evaluation of long-term treatment of essential hypertension with guanfacine. AB - 1. Twenty-two patients with moderately severe essential hypertension were treated for a period of 12 months with guanfacine (BS 100-141), a new centrally-acting antihypertensive agent. A twice daily schedule was followed and the dose range of guanfacine was 1-8 mg daily. 2. In twenty patients satisfactory blood pressure responses (diastolic pressure below 95 mmHg) were achieved in both the supine and the standing position. Pulse rate decreased slightly, though not significantly. 3. Tolerance to the pressure-lowering effect of the drug developed during the third or fourth month of therapy. This could be overcome by either increasing dosage or adding a diuretic. 4. All patients reported side-effects, mainly dryness of the mouth and fatigue. These side-effects became less or disappeared at the end of 3 months. Rebound hypertension on discontinuation of therapy occurred in two patients. 5. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as plasma renin activity were decreased after 1 week of treatment with the drug. 6. Guanfacine in conjunction with a diuretic is a useful drug in the long-term treatment of hypertension. Reduced central sympathetic outflow may be the major mechanism underlying the antihypertensive effect of the drug. PMID- 6994781 TI - Long-term treatment of hypertension with guanfacine alone and in combination therapy. PMID- 6994782 TI - Comparison of guanfacine and clonidine as antihypertensive agents. AB - 1. The antihypertensive effects and side-effects of guanfacine and clonidine were compared in a single-blind, cross-over study. 2. The study consisted of two active treatment periods of 6 weeks each, which were both preceded by a 2 weeks placebo period. Thirty ambulatory, hypertensive patients (blood pressure WHO severity grades I-II) were admitted to the study. The results are based on the 24 patients who completed the study. 3. The optimal daily dose of guanfacine was in over half of the patients 3-4 mg, and of clonidine correspondingly 0.3-0.45 mg. A similar and statistically significant decrease in blood pressure was achieved with both drugs. 4. The most common side-effects with both drugs were tiredness and dryness of the mouth. PMID- 6994784 TI - Hypotensive effect of guanfacine in essential hypertension: a comparison with clonidine. PMID- 6994785 TI - Experiences with guanfacine in a two-year follow-up study. PMID- 6994783 TI - Differences in psychic performance with guanfacine and clonidine in normotensive subjects. AB - 1. Doses of clonidine 0.15 mg or guanfacine 1.0 mg, respectively, and 2 h later additional doses of clonidine 0.3 mg or guanfacine 2.0 mg, respectively, were given to 24 healthy students. 2. Blood pressure was reduced by the same amount by both drugs. 3. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations decreased with both drugs, but the reduction was significantly greater following the administration of clonidine. 4. Mental activity in the EEG was less suppressed in the guanfacine group than in the clonidine group. The differences were statistically significant. 5. Self-estimations for well-being and mood showed only small changes due to guanfacine but significant changes due to clonidine. 6. The decrease of information processing and the increase in reaction time, measured by performance in different psychometric tests, were significantly more pronounced after clonidine treatment than guanfacine. 7. A dose-response relationship could only be observed in vigilosomnograms, in the tests of self-estimation related to well-being and mood and in the decrease in plasma noradrenaline in the clonidine group. 8. It was concluded that guanfacine had a lesser CNS depressant action than clonidine, when administered in equipotent hypotensive doses. PMID- 6994786 TI - Comparative study of two antihypertensive agents: guanfacine and guanethidine. AB - 1. The antihypertensive effect and side-effects of the new centrally acting agent guanfacine (BS 100-141, Estulic) and guanethidine (Ismelin) were compared in a single-blind, cross-over study. The study consisted of two active treatment periods of 6 weeks each, both preceded by a 1-3 weeks placebo period. 2. Sixteen ambulant patients (six male, ten female) with mild or moderate hypertension were admitted to the study. The patients were also receiving diuretic therapy (clopamide 10-20 mg daily). On average the optimal daily dose of guanfacine was 3 mg and of guanethidine 20 mg. 3. An equally large and significant decrease in blood pressure was produced by both drugs. Both guanfacine and guanethidine caused a very slight reduction in heart rate. Mild orthostatic hypotension occurred in 11 patients during guanethidine therapy. Dryness of the mouth occurred in 13 patients taking guanfacine. PMID- 6994787 TI - Effect of guanfacine on blood pressure and renin activity in hypertensive patients. AB - 1. The effect of treatment with guanfacine for 12 weeks on blood pressure and plasma renin activity was investigated in 24 hypertensive patients (WHO I-III). 2. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values underwent significant reductions with a constant dose of guanfacine 3 mg daily for 1 week: from 197/115/149 (systolic/diastolic/mean) mmHg before therapy to 166/97/126 mmHg. After 4 weeks of treatment at varying doses, the blood pressure decreased to 157/91/118 mmHg, and after 12 weeks of treatment it levelled off at 147/83/109 mmHg. Heart rate remained essentially unchanged throughout the observation period. 3. During exercise, blood pressure and heart rate increased to the same extent during therapy as before treatment. Orthostatic hypotension was not seen in any of the patients. 4. Renin values decreased under therapy from 3.3 to 2.3 ng ml-1 h-1, but at no time during treatment did this decrease correlate with that of blood pressure. 5. Guanfacine treatment was accompanied by relatively few and mild side-effects. PMID- 6994789 TI - Homoeopathic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation by double-blind clinical therapeutic trial. AB - Twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis on orthodox first-line anti inflammatory treatment plus homeopathy were compared wtih a similar group of twenty-three patients on orthodox first-line treatment plus an inert preparation. There was a significant improvement in subjective pain, articular index, stiffness and grip strength in those patients receiving homoeopathic remedies whereas there was no significant change in the patients who received placebo. Two physicians were involved in prescribing for the patients and there were no significant differences in the results which they obtained. No side effects were observed with the homoeopathic remedies. PMID- 6994788 TI - Guanfacine in essential hypertension: effect on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity. AB - 1. The acute and chronic effects of guanfacine on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity were investigated in 23 patients (15 males, 8 females) with essential hypertension (WHO grade I-II). 2. Guanfacine induced a decrease in plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity concomitant with a fall in blood pressure and heart rate in both the acute and the chronic study. 3. The adrenergic response to upright posture, reflected by an increase in plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity, was not abolished after chronic guanfacine therapy. 4. The decrease in blood pressure 15 min after intravenous administration of guanfacine was inversely correlated with the basal sympathetic activity before treatment and with the decrease in plasma noradrenaline. 5. After chronic treatment with guanfacine no significant correlation existed between blood pressure reduction and the concomitant changes in peripheral sympathetic and/or plasma renin activity. 6. Despite the lack of a close correlation it is suggested that the antihypertensive effect of guanfacine in patients with essential hypertension is at least partially mediated by an inhibition of the sympathetic nervous and plasma renin activity. PMID- 6994790 TI - Antihypertensive effect of atenolol alone or combined with chlorthalidone in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 6994791 TI - The effect of metoclopramide and atropine on the absorption of orally administered mexiletine. AB - The effect of pretreatment with intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg) and atropine (0.6 mg), both separately and combined, on the absorption rate and relative oral bioavailability of the antiarrhythmic drug, mexiletinee (400 mg) was studied in eight fasting healthy males using a Latin Square design for order of pretreatment administration. The time (Tmax) of the maximum mexiletin plasma concentration (Cpmax) was reduced by metoclopramide (P < 0.001) and was increased by atropine (P < 0.01) compared with saline control. Tmax was not significantly altered by combined metoclopramide and atropine pretreatment. Atropine pretreatment was associated with a significant reduction of Cpmax (P < 0.05) and of elimination half-life (P < 0.05). The area under the mexiletine plasma concentration-time curve was not affected by any of the pretreatments. The results suggested that metoclopramide enhanced and atropine decreased the rate of mexiletine absorption without altering the relative oral bioavailability. When the pretreatments were administered in combination, metoclopramide reversed the delay in mexiletine absorption produced by atropine. PMID- 6994792 TI - Natriuretic activity of tromaril (RH-8): a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in normal volunteers. PMID- 6994793 TI - Controlled release morphine sulphate tablets--a study in normal volunteers. PMID- 6994794 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the fallopian tube: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient with a carcinosarcoma of the Fallopian tube is presented. She is the first reported from the United Kingdom and the 23rd in the literature. The clinical and pathological features, pathogenesis and management are discussed. PMID- 6994796 TI - Turbidity measurements in an analytical ultracentrifuge. Determinations of mass per length for filamentous viruses fd, Xf, and Pf3. AB - An analytical ultracentrifuge has been used to measure light-scattering intensities by the transmittance method. The technique, which is applicable to particles of many sizes and shapes, has the principal advantage that samples can be kept free of dust during the measurements. Also, sample volumes are small, and the scanner and interference optics can be used simultaneously to obtain, for a given sedimenting boundary, turbidity steps at different wavelengths and the concentration step. In the present application the data yield mass per length estimates for three filamentous viruses, 19 100 daltons/nm for fd, 19 600 daltons/nm for Pf3, and 19 100 daltons/nm for Xf. PMID- 6994795 TI - Characterization of the active site of mouse submaxillary gland renin. PMID- 6994797 TI - Physicochemical studies on the 5S ribonucleic acid-protein complex from a eucaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6994798 TI - Characterization of a nonchymotrypsin-like endopeptidase from anterior pituitary that hydrolyzes luteining hormone-releasing hormone at the tyrosyl-glycine and histidyl-tryptophan bonds. AB - A neutral endopeptidase which degrades luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH RH, 0.3 J m-2). These results indicate that separate uvrD- and recB-controlled pathways exist for ultraviolet radiation mutagenesis. PMID- 6995431 TI - Iron transport in Escherichia coli: uptake and modification of ferrichrome. AB - During the transport of iron as ferrichrome complex into cells of Escherichia coli K-12, the ligand was modified and excreted into the medium. The rate of the formation of the modified product corresponded with the rate of iron transport. The modified product showed a decreased affinity for ferric iron and did not serve as an effective iron ionophore. After all of the ferrichrome had been converted, the modified product was taken up into the cell in an iron-free form. The uptake of ferrichrome and of the modified product depended on the transport system specified by the tonA and tonB genes. The modified product could be converted back into ferrichrome by mild acid or alkaline hydrolysis. One mole of acetate was released per mole of ferrichrome. It is proposed that one N-hydroxyl group of ferrichrome is acetylated to explain the low affinity for iron as the N hydroxyl groups form the ligands for iron (III). A weak ester linkage by which the acetyl group is covalently bonded would account for the easy hydrolysis. The iron-free form of ferrichrome, deferri-ferrichrome, was also rapidly converted when incubated with cells with a functional transport system. It is therefore likely that iron is released from ferrichrome by reduction before modification takes place. The conversion of the ligand could be a mechanism by which cells rid themselves of a potentially deleterious ligand for iron in the cytoplasm. A possible role in ferrichrome transport is discussed. PMID- 6995432 TI - In vivo energetics and control of nitrogen fixation: changes in the adenylate energy charge and adenosine 5'-diphosphate/adenosine 5'-triphosphate ratio of cells during growth on dinitrogen versus growth on ammonia. AB - The effects of the intracellular energy balance and adenylate pool composition on N2 fixation were examined by determining changes in the energy charge (EC) and the ADP/ATP (D/T) ratio of cells in chemostat and batch cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Azotobacter vinelandii. When cells of C. pasteurianum, K. pneumoniae, and A. vinelandii in sucrose-limited chemostats were examined, in all cases the EC increased greater than or equal to 15% when the nitrogen source was switched from N2 to NH3 and decreased greater than or equal to 15% when the nitrogen source was switched from NH3 to N2. The D/T ratio of the same cultures decreased greater than or equal to 70% when they were switched from N2 to NH3. In such cultures the adenylate pools remained constant when the cells were grown on either NH3 or N2. In nitrogen (NH3)-limited cultures, the adenylate pool was two- to threefold higher than the adenylate pool in sucrose-limited cultures, and the nitrogenase content of such cells was two- to threefold greater than the nitrogenase content of sucrose-limited N2-fixing cells. The EC and D/T ratio of cells from batch cultures of C. pasteurianum growing on NH3 in the presence of N2 were 0.82 and 0.83, respectively, but when the NH3 was consumed and the cells were switched to a nitrogen-fixing metabolism, the EC and D/T ratio changed to 0.70 and 0.90, respectively. Conversely, when NH3 was added to N2 fixing cultures the EC and D/T ratio changed within 1.5 h the EC and D/T ratio of NH3-grown cells. The nitrogen content of N2-fixing cells to which NH3 was added decreased at a rate greater could be accounted for by cell growth in the absence of further synthesis. This decay of nitrogenase activity (with a half-life about 1.2 to 1.4 h) suggests that some type of inactivation of nitrogenase occurs during repression. The nitrogenase of whole cells was estimated to be operating at about 32% of its theoretical maximum activity during steady-state N2-fixing conditions. Similarities in the data from chemostat and batch cultures of both aerobic and anaerobic N2-fixing organisms suggest that low EC and high D/T ratio are normal manifestations of an N2-fixing physiology. PMID- 6995433 TI - Catabolism of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate pathway in Escherichia coli. AB - Various strains of Escherichia coli (but not strain K-12) were found to grow on 3 hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate. Both compounds were catabolized by the same pathway, with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate as a substrate for fission of the benzene nucleus, and with pyruvate and succinate as products. All the necessay enzymes were demonstrated in cell extracts prepared from induced cells but were essentially absent from uninduced cells. Mutants unable to grow on 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylactetate were defective in particular enzymes of the pathway. The characteristics of certain mutants indicated that either uptake or hydroxylation of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate may involve a common protein component. E. coli also grew on 3,4-hydroxyphenylacetate, with induction of the enzyme necessary for its degradation but not those for the uptake-hydroxylation of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate. PMID- 6995434 TI - Conjugative transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance markers in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Two antibiotic-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated for conjugative transfer of their drug resistance markers into streptococcal (groups B and D) and pneumococcal (encapsulated and non-encapsulataed) recipients. Of these, 7 wild-type donor pneumococci transferred all their resistance markers (except Pc [penicillin], Su [sulfonamide], and Tp [trimethoprim]) into group D Streptococcus and non-encapsulated S. pneumoniae recipients at a low frequency (10(-5) to 10(-6)). The resistance markers transferred were Tc (tetracycline); Tc and Cm (chloramphenicol); Tc and MLS (macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B); Tc, MLS, Km (kanamycin), and Cm. The transconjugants obtained retransferred their resistance markers into appropriate streptococcal or pneumococcal recipients or both. The resistance markers of streptococcal transconjugants could not be cured by chemical agents. All attempts to detect extra-chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from pneumococcal or streptococcal transconjugants were unsuccessful. The molecular weight of a streptococcal conjugative R plasmid (pIP501) was investigated after transfer into the non-encapsulated S. pneumoniae recipient and was found to be similar to that of the wild-type group B Streptococcus host (20 x 10(6)). PMID- 6995435 TI - Cross-reactivity of major outer membrane proteins of Enterobacteriaceae, studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Outer membrane fractions were prepared from 11 bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia coli serotypes O1K-, O4K2, O26K60, O75K-, and O111K58, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia stuartii. All strains studied were found to contain one non-peptidoglycan-bound, heat-modifiable outer membrane protein, and one or two peptidoglycan-associated major outer membrane proteins in the 27,000- to 40,000-dalton range. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacarylamide gel electrophoresis for separation of the antigens in the first dimension of the procedure was shown to provide a useful model system for studying the antigenic relationships of the major outer membrane proteins in Enterobacteriaceae species. Peptidoglycan-bound major outer membrane proteins of all bacteria studied reacted with antiserum against the purified peptidogylcan-bound matrix protein I of E. coli O26K60 in this system. Non-peptidoglycan-associated proteins of all strains cross-reacted with protein II of E. coli O26K60 in both their unmodified and their heat-modified forms. These results indicate that the genes coding for the major outer membrane proteins in the family Enterobacteriaceae have been well enough conserved during the course of evolution to allow significant antigenic cross-reactivity between the corresponding proteins in different enterobacterial species. PMID- 6995436 TI - Induction of normal ascosporogenesis in two-spored Saccharomyces cerevisiae by glucose, acetate, and zinc. AB - In an apomictic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that normally produces two spored asci, production of three and four-spored asci was restored by adjusting zinc and carbon source levels in presporulation and sporulation media. Sporogenic capability was compared after growth in defined and undefined presporulation environments. Cultivation in defined presporulation medium containing 6% glucose followed by sporulation in 3.5% acetate yielded 16 +/- 3% three- and four-spored asci. Inclusion of 25 mug of zinc sulfate per ml in presporulation medium or 25 mug of zinc acetate per ml in sporulation medium gave a further increase in yield of three- and four-spored asci; it reached 48 +/- 1% when zinc was added to both media. Cells grown in undefined presporulation medium were incapable of three- and four-spored ascus development in acetate sporulation medium unless zinc was included in the latter medium. Cultivation in defined presporulation medium amended with yeast extract, peptone, or casein hydrolysate greatly reduced three- and four-spored ascus yields. Inclusion of a meiotic inhibitor (glucose) in sporulation medium inhibited three- and four-spored ascus production but not two spored ascus production. Nuclear staining demonstrated two classes of asci: binucleate (one and two spored) and tetranucleate (three and four spored). Hence, some control over apomictic versus normal ascus development has been gained by nutritional manipulation. PMID- 6995437 TI - Hydroxamate-mediated transport of iron controlled by ColV plasmids. AB - A new high-affinity system for iron transport, associated with the presence of ColV plasmids, has been detected in Escherichia coli and partially characterized. The presence of such "iron-transport plasmids" in E. coli cells that are defective in enterochelin-mediated transport of iron enabled them to grow in media to which 2,2'-dipyridyl had been added to reduce availability of iron. In addition, the presence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in a mutant defective in enterochelin biosynthesis was associated with a marked increase in the rate of radioactive-iron uptake. Plasmid-determined uptake of iron was distinct from previously recognized systems for iron transport in E. coli K-12, and the colicin V molecule appeared not to be directly involved. Hydroxylamine-nitrogen could be detected in cell pellets of ColV+ cultures, and similar material was detected in supernatant fluids of late log- or stationary-phase cultures. The hydroxamate material was not detected in cell pellets or culture supernatants of strains from which plasmids had been eliminated, and a 95% decrease in hydroxamate synthesis was observed when cells were grown in minimal medium containing 2 microM iron. PMID- 6995438 TI - Azaserine resistance in Escherichia coli: chromosomal location of multiple genes. AB - Resistance to azaserine in Escherichia coli is the result of mutations in at least three different loci. All spontaneously arising azaserine-resistant mutants harbor a lesion in the aroP gene. However, a lesion in this gene is not solely responsible for resistance. All spontaneously arising intermediate-level azaserine-resistant mutants also harbor a lesion in a gene designated azaA, which lies near min 43 on the chromosome. High-level resistant mutants harbor lesions in the aroP and azaA genes and in a third gene designated azaB, which lies near min 69 on the chromosome. Transport studies demonstrate that mutants harboring lesions in the azaA gene are not defective in the transport of the aromatic amino acids, but that mutants which harbor lesions in the azaB gene are defective in phenylalanine transport but not in tyrosine or tryptophan transport. PMID- 6995441 TI - Nitrogen catabolite repression of asparaginase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The biosynthesis of asparaginase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is subject to strong catabolite repression by a variety of nitrogen compounds. In the present study, asparaginase II synthesis was examined in a wild-type yeast strain and in strains carrying gdhA, gdhCR, or gdhCS mutations. The following effects were observed: (i) In the wild-type strain, the biosynthesis of asparaginase II was strongly repressed when either 10 mM ammonium sulfate or various amino acids (10 mM) served as the source of nitrogen. (ii) In a yeast strain carrying the gdhA mutation, asparaginase II was synthesized at fully derepressed levels when 10 mM ammonium sulfate was the source of nitrogen. When amino acids (10 mM) served as the nitrogen source, asparaginase II synthesis was strongly repressed. (iii) In a strain carrying the gdhCR mutation, the synthesis of asparaginase II was partially (30 to 40%) derepressed when either 10 mM ammonium sulfate or amino acids were present in the medium. (iv) In a yeast strain containing both gdhA and gdhCR mutations, asparaginase II synthesis was fully derepressed when 10 mM ammonium sulfate was the nitrogen source and partially derepressed when 10 mM amino acids were present. (v) Yeast strains carrying the gdhCS mutation were indistinguishable from the wild-type strain with respect to asparaginase II synthesis. PMID- 6995440 TI - Correlation between the expression of an Escherichia coli cell surface protein and the ability of the protein to bind to lipopolysaccharide. AB - The ompA gene of Escherichia coli codes for a major protein of the outer membrane. When this gene was moved between various unrelated strains (E. coli K 12 and two clinical isolates of E. coli) by transduction, the gene was expressed very poorly. Recombinants carrying "foreign" genes produced no OmpA protein which could be detected on polyacrylamide gels and became resistant to bacteriophage K3, which uses this protein as receptor. The recombinants were sensitive to host range mutants of K3, indicating a very low level of OmpA protein was produced. When an E. coli K-12 recombinant carrying an unexpressed foreign ompA allele was subjected to two cycles of selection for an OmpA(+) phenotype, a mutant strain was obtained which was sensitive to K3 and which expressed nearly normal levels of OmpA protein in the outer membrane. This strain carried mutations in the foreign ompA gene, as indicated both by genetic mapping and the alteration of a peptide in the mutant OmpA protein. The ability of the OmpA protein to bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed similar strain specificity, and the mutant OmpA protein which was expressed in an unrelated host showed enhanced ability to bind LPS from its new host. Thus, cell surface expression of the ompA gene appears to depend upon the ability of the gene product to bind LPS, suggesting that an interaction between the protein and LPS plays an essential role in biosynthesis of this outer membrane protein. PMID- 6995439 TI - Proton-linked D-xylose transport in Escherichia coli. AB - The addition of xylose to energy-depleted cells of Escherichia coli elicited an alkaline pH change which failed to appear in the presence of uncoupling agents. Accumulation of [14C]xylose by energy-replete cells was also inhibited by uncoupling agents, but not by fluoride or arsenate. Subcellular vesicles of E. coli accumulated [14C]xylose provided that ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate were present for respiration, and this accumulation was inhibited by uncoupling agents or valinomycin. Therefore, the transport of xylose into E. coli appears to be energized by a proton-motive force, rather than by a phosphotransferase or directly energized mechanism. Its specificity for xylose as inducer and substrate and the genetic location of a xylose-H+ transport-negative mutation near mtl showed that the xylose-H+ system is distinct from other proton-linked sugar transport systems of E. coli. PMID- 6995442 TI - Inhibition of leucine transport in Saccharomyces by S-adenosylmethionine. AB - S-Adenoxyl-L-methionine (SAM) inhibited leucine transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using a mutant defective in the active transport of SAM, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was exerted at an extracellular site. Cells preincubated wtih SAM for 120 min became refractory to its inhibitory effect, which was not a result of either the active transport or the metabolism of SAM. The quantitative recovery of labeled SAM from the incubation medium indicated that SAM, and not a metabolite, was the true inhibitory molecule. S Adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-L-ethionine also functioned as inhibitors of leucine transport, whereas S-adenosyl-D-methionine, S-adenosyl-D-homocystein, 5'-methylthioadenosine, 5'-dimethylthioadenosine, and adenosine lacked this property. Kinetic studies demonstrated that SAM was a competitive inhibitor of leucine transport. PMID- 6995443 TI - Influence of chromosome integrity on Escherichia coli cell division. AB - The antitumor agent cis-platinum(II)diamminodichloride (PDD) caused wild-type and recA+ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair-deficient mutant cells of Escherichia coli K-12 to grow as long, multinucleated filaments. At 5 micrograms/ml, the times required for reduction of viability to 37% for wild-type, polA, recB,C, uvrA, and recA organisms were > 200, 200, 120, 25, and 5 min, respectively. Only recA cells exhibited @reckless" degradation of DNA at this concentration of PDD. As shown by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients, generation of single strand breaks in DNA of the remaining organisms was a major consequence of growth in PDD. Upon incubation in fresh medium after removal of the compound and storage for 4 h at 4 degrees C, a respective lag of 3, 4, 6, and 9 h occurred before filaments of wild-type, polA, recB,C, and uvrA cells commenced cell division. Maintenance at 4 degrees C, which evidently delayed postshift initiation of chromosome replication, was only essential for fragmentation of uvrA filaments. In all cases, these periods of division delay corresponded to those required for restoration of normal chromosomal molecular weight as determined in alkaline sucrose gradients. PMID- 6995444 TI - Encapsidation of yeast killer double-stranded ribonucleic acids: dependence of M on L. AB - Virus-like particles containing either L or M double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) were isolated from a killer toxin-producing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (K+ R+). At least 95% of M- and 87% of L-dsRNA were recovered in virus like particle-containing fractions. The major capsid polypeptides (ScV-P1) of both L and M virus-like particles were shown to be identical, and 95% of the cellular ScV-P1 was found in the virus-like particle-containing fractions. Since L-dsRNA encodes ScV-P1, provision of this protein for encapsidation of M-dsRNA defines at least one functional relationship between these dsRNA genomes and associates the L-dsRNA with the killer character. If encapsidation of M-dsRNA is essential for its replication or expression, then L-dsRNA plays an essential role in maintenance or expression of the killer phenotype. The relationship between the L- and M-dsRNA genomes would be analogous to that between a helper and a defective virus. The presence of only minor quantities or uncomplexed dsRNA and ScV-P1 suggests that their production is stringently coupled. PMID- 6995445 TI - lac Thiogalactoside transacetylase of Escherichia coli K-12 and ML. AB - The lac thiogalactoside transacetylase was purified from both a wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 strain (H3000) and an E. coli ML strain (ML308). These enzymes are indistinguishable by using several criteria. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme is 24,800, which is significantly less than the previously reported value of 30,000. Although the function of the thiogalactoside transacetylase is unknown, it is suggested that this enzyme plays an important role in lactose utilization since its structure and enzymatic activity have been conserved. PMID- 6995447 TI - Dimer excision in Escherichia coli in the presence of caffeine. AB - The observation that polA1 and recL152 mutations result in both slow pyrimidine dimer excision and large repair patch size leads to the hypothesis that patch size is directly related to the rate of excision. In this study caffeine, a known inhibitor of excision repair, was used to examine the extent of correlation between excision rate and patch size by measuring patch size in the presence of several concentrations of caffeine. Both the rate of excision and the resistance to ultraviolet radiation were reduced with increasing concentrations of caffeine after irradiation. Caffeine also inhibited the rate at which incisions were made and prolonged the time required to rejoin the discontinuities. Patch size, however, was unaffected by caffeine treatment. PMID- 6995448 TI - A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in penicillin-binding protein 5 and lacking D-alanine carboxypeptidase IA. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in penicillin-binding protein 5 activity was isolated. The mutation (pfv) was shown to be located at 14.0 min on the E. coli chromosome map. Loss of penicillin-binding protein 5 in the pfv mutant was associated with the loss of D-alanine carboxypeptidase IA activity and increased sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. We conclude that penicillin-binding protein 5 catalyzes the major D-alanine carboxypeptidase IA activity and that the enzyme activity, in vivo, protects E. coli cells from killing by low inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6995449 TI - Selective synthesis of plasmid-coded proteins by Escherichia coli during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment. AB - Protein products of recombinant ColE1 plasmids are preferentially synthesized and can easily be identified in Escherichia coli cells recovering from prolonged treatment with chloramphenicol. PMID- 6995446 TI - Identification of peptide-cross-linked trisdisaccharide peptide trimers in murein of Escherichia coli. AB - Purified murein from Escherichia coli K-12 was degraded into disaccharide peptide fragments by endo-N-acetylmuramidase from Chalaropsis. About 5% of the total murein fragments were recovered as peptide-cross-linked trisdisaccharide peptide trimers. PMID- 6995450 TI - Uptake of glycerol 3-phosphate and some of its analogs by the hexose phosphate transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - The hexose phosphate transport system transported glycerol 3-phosphate and its analogs 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and 3 hydroxy-4-oxobutyl-1-phosphonate. PMID- 6995451 TI - Evidence for isofunctional enzymes used in m-cresol and 2,5-xylenol degradation via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes. AB - Study of the reaction sequence by which Pseudomonas alcaligenes (P25X1) and derived mutants degrade m-cresol, 2,5-xylenol, and their catabolites has provided indirect evidence for the existence of two or more isofunctional enzymes at three different steps. Maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity appears to reside in two different proteins with different specificity ranges, one of which (MPH1) is expressed constitutively; the other (MPH11) is strictly inducible. Two gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activities were found, one of which is constitutively expressed and possesses a broader specificity range than the other, which is inducible. From oxidation studies with intact cells, there appear to be two activities responsible for the 6-hydroxylation of 3-hydroxybenzoate, and again a broadly specific activity is present regardless of growth conditions; the other is inducible by 3-hydroxybenzoate. Three other enzyme activities are also detected in uninduced cells, viz., xylenol methylhydroxylase, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase, and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. All apparently possess broad specificity. Fumarylpyruvate hydrolase was also detected but only in cells grown with m cresol, 3-hydroxybenzoate, or gentisate. Mutants, derived either spontaneously or after treatment with mitomycin C, are described, certain of which have lost the ability to grow with m-cresol and 2,5-xylenol and some of which have also lost the ability to form the constitutive xylenol methylhydroxylase, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase, and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Such mutants, however, retain ability to synthesize inducibly a second 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, as well as maleylpyruvate hydrolase (MPH11) and fumarylpyruvate hydrolase; MPH1 was still synthesized. These findings suggest the presence of a plasmid for 2,5 xylenol degradation which codes for synthesis of early degradative enzymes. Other enzymes, such as the second 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase, gentisate 1,2 dioxygenase, maleylpyruvate hydrolase (MPH1 and MPH11), and fumarylpyruvate hydrolase, appear to be chromosomally encoded and, with the exception of MPH1, strictly inducible. PMID- 6995452 TI - Positive correlation between size at initiation of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli and size at initiation of cell constriction. AB - The variability of (i) the length (size) at which cells initiate chromosome replication, (ii) the length at which they initiate cell constriction, and (iii) the time interval between these events has been estimated for Escherichia coli B/r K at two different slow growth rates. Steady-state cultures were pulse labeled with [3H]thymidine and, after fixation, analyzed by electron microscopic radioautography. The coefficient of variation of length at initiation of chromosome replication was found to be 15 to 22%, the coefficient of variation of length at initiation of cell constriction was 10%, and the coefficient of variation of the time interval between both events was 25%. With the help of these values we calculated a high positive coefficient of correlation (rho) between the length at which a round of chromosome replication is initiated and that at which the onset of cell constriction occurs. At both growth rates rho has a value of 0.6 to 1.0. This correlation excludes a model in which chromosome initiation and cell constriction are independently triggered by some aspects of cell growth. It favors a model in which an event before or at chromosome initiation triggers both. PMID- 6995453 TI - T4 ribonucleotide reductase. Physical and kinetic linkage to other enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. AB - This laboratory has described a multienzyme aggregate from T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli which seems to participate in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis and efficient delivery of DNA precursors to the replication apparatus. This paper describes improved methodology for isolation of this aggregate, and we present three lines of evidence supporting a role for ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase in functioning of the presumed complex. 1) Ribonucleoside diphosphates are readily incorporated into DNA as deoxyribonucleotides in an in situ DNA synthesizing system from T4 phage-infected cells. 2)Ribonucleotide reductase is associated with the complex, as shown by co-sedimentation of reductase activity with other activities in the multienzyme aggregate we have described. 3)Ribonucleotide reductase is kinetically coupled to at least four other enzymes involved in a sequential pathway. The aggregated enzymes catalyze the five-step conversion of uridine diphosphate to deoxythymidine triphosphate with but a brief lag before dTTP production reaches its maximal rate. These studies have also confirmed the existence of dCTPase-dUTPase and dCMP deaminase activities in the putative complex. PMID- 6995454 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoprotein mutants. Isolation of the mnn5 mutant and comparison with the mnn3 strain. PMID- 6995455 TI - S-acetonyl-CoA. A nonreactive analog of acetyl-CoA. AB - We have synthesized S-acetonyl-CoA from CoASH and 1-bromoacetone. This thioether containing structural analogue of acetyl-CoA is a potent competitive inhibitor, with respect to acetyl-CoA, of citrate synthase, phosphotransacetylase, and carnitine acetyltransferase. This analog will not activate Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or rat liver pyruvate carboxylase, two enzymes which require acetyl-CoA as an obligate activator. Furthermore, acetonyl-CoA will not compete with acetyl-CoA for binding to these enzymes showing the apparent absolute requirement of these two enzymes for a thioester group on the activating ligand. S-Acetonyl-CoA should be a useful reagent in the investigation of acetyl CoA-requiring processes. PMID- 6995456 TI - Initiation of ribosomal RNA chains in homogenates of oocyte nuclei. AB - We have studied RNA synthesis in homogenates of nuclei manually isolated from mature oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Transcription of the endogenous template is completely resistant to alpha-amanitin and represents primarily transcription of the amplified ribosomal genes. Three lines of evidence demonstrate that RNA polymerase I is reinitiating RNA chains in this system. First, transcription continues in the homogenates for at least 8 h. During this time, 50 to 100 RNA copies are synthesized per gene. Second, inhibitors of initiation, such as heparin and sodium dodecyl sarcosinate, cause synthesis to plateau within 60 min with less than 15 RNA copies synthesized per gene. Third, incorporation of gamma thio nucleoside triphosphates demonstrates that reinitiation is occurring. When RNA is synthesized in the presence of adenosine-5'-O-(gamma-thiotriphosphate) and guanosine-5'-O-(gamma-thiotriphosphate), 3 to 10% of the newly made RNA binds to a Hg-agarose affinity column. After 7.5 min of synthesis the gamma-thio-initiated RNA binding to Hg-agarose hybridizes exclusively to a restriction fragment contining the first 2250 base pairs of the gene. At longer times of synthesis, the gamma-thio-initiated RNA hybridizes more and more to a restriction fragment located further down the gene. The length distribution of this RNA on gels is consistent with its hybridizaton behavior and these data suggest an in vitro chain growth rate of 2 to 5 nucleotides/s. All of the gamma-thio-initiated RNA hybridizes to the H or coding strand of rDNA. The results are consistent with initiation in vitro occurring at the same site used in vivo. Addition of cloned ribosomal genes to the system causes no stimulation of transcription until it is added in a 4000-fold excess over the endogenous ribosomal genes. At that excess it is symmetrically transcribed by RNA polymerase III. PMID- 6995459 TI - A mathematical assessment of suture line stress in the end-to-side anastomosis- II. Pulsatile flow. PMID- 6995460 TI - Radioactive tracer technique for monitoring of microleakage: an interim report. AB - A diffusion apparatus for the measurement and monitoring of microleakage is described. Radioactive ions are used to measure the diffusion across a section of a filled tooth. A study was made of the sealing ability of some amalgams and a composite resin filling material. PMID- 6995457 TI - Purification and characterization of leader (signal) peptidase from Escherichia coli. AB - Many membrane proteins and secreted proteins are synthesized in precursor form with 15 to 30 additional NH2-terminal residues. These "leader peptides" (pre pieces, signal peptides) are removed as these proteins cross or insert into cellular membranes. "Leader peptidase" activities which catalyze this cleavage have been detected in crude extracts and found to be dependent on membrane fractions. We now describe a 6,000-fold purification of a leader peptidase from the membranes of uninfected Escherichia coli. This leader peptidase was assayed by its ability to cleave the 23-residue leader peptide from procoat, the precursor to bacteriophage M13 coat protein. Immunoprecipitation and amino acid sequencing showed that this enzyme cleaved procoat to produce authentic coat protein. No factors other than the leader peptidase were found to be required for the conversion of procoat protein to coat protein. PMID- 6995458 TI - Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccine in unprimed children. Report to the Medical Research Council Committee on influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines. PMID- 6995461 TI - Thermal expansion of dental alloys and porcelains. AB - The effect of thermal coefficient of expansion (alpha) mismatch on porcelain metal bonding is frequently referred to in the dental literature. Thermally induced stresses may develop at metal-porcelain system interfaces due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the porcelains, metals, and metal oxides. The objective of this research is to characterize alloy and porcelain expansion behavior as a first step in developing a more specific definition of thermal compatibility. It is clear from comparisons of porcelain data and alloy data that the porcelain has expansion characteristics which are quite different from those of the alloys. The overall differences in values between these alloys and porcelains constitute a mismatch. First run dilatometric heating measurements for porcelain yield large differences between delta L/L and alpha values as compared to cooling measurements. For a comparison of alloy and porcelain expansion characteristics, data should be obtained at several temperatures up to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the porcelain. PMID- 6995462 TI - Immunological evaluation of the tumorigenic response to implanted polymers. AB - This short report concentrates on a close look at the immunological status of experimental animals which were implanted with a known dose of tumor and polymer implant. The implanted polymers used represented the most common biocompatible materials employed in current surgery. The immunological studies all were done in vitro on the cellular level. The studies suggested that there is a noticeable change of the immune system when inorganic biocompatible polymers are used in experimental animals. PMID- 6995463 TI - Generalization of biomechanical rules for the fixation of bone, joint, and tooth replacements. PMID- 6995464 TI - Mechanism of phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum: phagocytosis is mediated by different recognition sites as disclosed by mutants with altered phagocytotic properties. AB - The recognition step in the phagocytotic process of the unicellular amoeba dictyostelium discoideum was examined by analysis of mutants defective in phagocytosis, Reliable and simple assays were developed to measure endocytotic uptake. For pinocytosis, FITC-dextran was found to be a suitable fluid-phase marker; FITC-bacteria, latex beads, and erythrocytes were used as phagocytotic substrates. Ingested material was isolated in one step by centrifuging through highly viscous poly(ethyleneglycol) solutions and was analyzed optically. A selection procedure for isolating mutants defective in phagocytosis was devised using tungsten beads as particulate prey. Nonphagocytosing cells were isolated on the basis of their lower density. Three mutant strains were found exhibiting a clear-cut phenotype directly related to the phagocytotic event. In contrast to the situation in wild-type cells, uptake of E. coli B/r by mutant cells is specifically and competitively inhibited by glucose. Mutant amoeba phagocytose latex beads normally but not protein-coated latex, nonglucosylated bacteria, or erythrocytes. Cohesive properties of mutant cells are altered: they do not form EDTA-sensitive aggregates, and adhesiveness to glass or plastic surfaces is greatly reduced. Based upon these findings, a model for recognition in phagocytosis is proposed: (a) A lectin-type receptor specifically mediates binding of particles containing terminal glucose (E. coli B/r). (b) A second class of "nonspecific" receptors mediate binding of a variety of particles by hydrophobic interaction. Nonspecific binding is affected by mutation in such a way that only strongly hydrophobic (latex) but not more hydrophilic particles (e.g., protein-coated latex, bacteria, erythrocytes) can be phagocytosed by mutant amoebae. PMID- 6995466 TI - A collagen-binding protein on the surface of ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa. AB - A rabbit antibody to mouse 3T3 cell fibronectin was used in conjunction with a fluorescein-tagged second antibody to detect fibronectin-like activity on the surface of rabbit spermatozoa. Only ejaculated sperm displayed an intense and highly localized fluorescence over the acrosomal region. Cauda epididymal sperm of the rabbit as well as several other species did not exhibit any reaction. The fluorescent activity could be eliminated by trypsin treatment but was re established by incubation in cell-free seminal fluid. Sperm recovered from females 10-12 h after mating showed a reduction or absence of antifibronectin fluorescence, suggesting that this component's loss could be a factor in sperm capacitation. Because fibronectins show strong binding to collagen, mixtures of ejaculated sperm and collagen were examined in the light and electron microscope. Living sperm appear to have a strong affinity for collagen and quickly adhere to the filaments by their heads, while continuing vigorous flagellations. Surface labeling of sperm with the galactose-oxidase-NaB[3H]4 technique, extraction with urea-detergent mixtures and affinity chromatography of extracts on gelatin Sepharose revealed a single radioactive band of mot wt approximately 40,000 after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. PMID- 6995465 TI - Regulation of rat ovarian cell growth and steroid secretion. AB - A cultured rat ovarian cell line (31 A-F(2)) was used to study the effect of growth factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and fibroblast growth factor [FGF]), a survival factor (ovarian growth factor [OGF]), a hormone (insulin), and an iron-binding protein (transferring) on cell proliferation and steroid production under defined culture conditions. EGF and insulin were shown to be mitogenic (half-maximal response at 0.12 nM and 0.11 muM, respectively) for 31A F(2) cells incubated in serum-free medium. EGF induced up to three doublings in the cell population, whereas insulin induced an average of one cell population doubling. FGF, OGF, and transferrin were found not to have any prominent effect on cell division when incubated individually with 31A-F(2) cells in serum-free medium. However, a combination of EGF, OGF, insulin, and transferrin stimulated cell division to the same approximate extent as cells incubated in the presence of 5 percent fetal calf serum. EGF or insulin did not significantly affect total cell cholesterol levels (relative to cells incubated in serum-free medium) when incubated individually with 31A-F(2) cells. However, cell cholesterol levels were increased by the addition of OGF (250 percent), FGF (370 percent), or a combination of insulin and EGF (320 percent). Progesterone secretion from 31A F(2) cells was enhanced by EGF (25 percent), FGF (80 percent), and insulin (115 percent). However, the addition of a mitogenic mixture of EGF, OGF, insulin, and transferrin suppressed progesterone secretion 150 percent) below that of control cultures. These studies have permitted us to determine that EGF and insulin are mitogenic factors that are required for the growth of 31A-F(2) cells and that OGF and transferrin are positive cofactors that enhance growth. Also, additional data suggest that cholesterol and progesterone production in 31A-F(2) cells can be regulated by peptide growth factors and the hormone insulin. PMID- 6995467 TI - Detection of apolipoprotein C in human and rat enterocytes. AB - Apoproteins have important physiologic functions in lipoprotein metabolism. Several apoproteins are produced in the intestine including ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, and ApoB. Each appears to participate in intestinal lipid transport. The liver also produces several apoproteins, including ApoC-II and ApoC-III, but the data demonstrating the ability of the intestine to produce ApoC is incomplete. Our aim was to ascertain whether ApoC-II and ApoC-III were present in human and rat jejunum, and if so, whether their presence was altered by fat feeding. The technique of immunolocalization and a newly developed double antibody radioimmunoassay for rat ApoC-III3 were used. ApoC-III3 was found in the supranuclear regions of enterocytes along the entire lengths of villi in the jejuna of 12-h-fasted rats. 1 hour after the gastric ingestion of corn oil. ApoC III3 was found primarily in between cells and in the lamina propria. Similar results were obtained in human jejunal biopsies with ApoC-II and ApoC-III. ApoC III3 was also detected by radioimmunoassay in enterocytes isolated from jejuna of neonatal and adult rats. Thus, ApoC-II and ApoC-III are clearly present in the intestine as well as in the liver. In addition, because their localization is altered after fat feeding, they are also likely to be produced in the enterocyte. PMID- 6995468 TI - Banding and polarity of actin filaments in interphase and cleaving cells. AB - Heavy meromyosin (HMM) decoration of actin filaments was used to detect the polarity of microfilaments in interphase and cleaving rat kangaroo (PtK2) cells. Ethanol at -20 degrees C was used to make the cells permeable to HMM followed by tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation for electron microscopy. Uniform polarity of actin filaments was observed at cell junctions and central attachment plaques with the HMM arrowheads always pointing away from the junction or plaque. Stress fibers were banded in appearance with their component microfilaments exhibiting both parallel and antiparallel orientation with respect to one another. Identical banding of microfilament bundles was also seen in cleavage furrows with the same variation in filament polarity as found in stress fibers. Similarly banded fibers were not seen outside the cleavage furrow in mitotic cells. By the time that a mid-body was present, the actin filaments in the cleavage furrow were no longer in banded fibers. The alternating dark and light bands of both the stress fibers and cleavage furrow fibers are approximately equal in length, each measuring approximately 0.16 micrometer. Actin filaments were present in both bands, and individual decorated filaments could sometimes be traced through four band lengths. Undecorated filaments, 10 nm in diameter, could often be seen within the light bands. A model is proposed to explain the arrangement of filaments in stress fibers and cleavage furrows based on the striations observed with tannic acid and the polarity of the actin filaments. PMID- 6995469 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of coated vesicle protein in rodent nervous system. AB - Immunocytochemistry has been used to study the distribution of the major 180,000 mol wt protein of coated vesicles in rodent cerebellum. An antibody to the coat protein was prepared in rabbits and characterized by immunodiffusion and immunofixation of polyacrylamide gels. At the light microscope level the protein was primarily localized in punctate profiles surrounding Purkinje cells and within the cerebellar glomeruli. At the electron microscope level the punctate distribution was confined to presynaptic terminals of basket and Golgi II neurons as well as mossy fiber terminals of the glomeruli. This label was heaviest on the lattice coat of coated vesicles but, in addition, label was found within the presynaptic axoplasm and along the cytoplasmic surface of the plasmalemma. Coated vesicles in cell somata were labeled as well as the cytosol around groupings of these vesicles. These data suggest that there may be two forms (or more) of coated vesicle protein in neurons, a lattice form associated with coated vesicles and a soluble form associated with the cytoplasmic matrix. PMID- 6995470 TI - Ultrastructural localization of fibronectin and laminin in the basement membranes of the murine kidney. AB - Affinity-purified rabbit antibodies specific for two large noncollagenous gycoproteins--laminin and fibronectin--were used to study the distribution of these proteins in normal murine kidneys. Immunofluorescence staining of conventional frozen sections demonstrates fibronectin within mesangial areas of the glomerulus. Laminin is also found in mesangial areas. However, it also appears to be distributed in typical basement membranelike patterns on glomerular and tubular basement membranes and Bowman's capsule. At the ultrastructural level, by labeling 600-800-A thick frozen sections with a three-stage procedure consisting of specific antibodies, biotinyl sheep anti-rabbit IgG, and avidin ferritin conjugates, fibronectin is present ony in the mesangial matrix and is specifically localized to areas immediately surrounding mesangial cell processes. Laminin, on the other hand, is found uniformly distributed throughout tubular basement membranes, the mesangial matrix, and Bowman's capsule. In glomerular basement membranes, laminin labeling is restricted to the lamina rara interna and adjacent regions of the lamina densa. PMID- 6995471 TI - Pollen-stigma interaction in Brassica oleracea: the role of stigmatic proteins in pollen grain adhesion. AB - The adhesion of pollen grains to the stigmas of Brassica oleracea was assayed after treatment of the stigmas wiuth protease and/or cycloheximide. Treatment with protease alone adversely affected pollen grain adhesion. However, the adhesive properties of the stigma recovered fully if the stigmas were not pollinated until 2 h after treatment. Immersion of the stigmas in cycloheximide after protease treatment prevented any recoveryt of the stigmas' adhesive properties. Cycloheximide treatment alone prevented pollen grain adhesion when pollination occurred later than 1--2 h after treatment but did not affect pollen grain adhesion if pollination occurred immediately after treatment. These results indicated not only that the surface-held proteins of the stigma are involved in pollen grain adhesion, but also that their turnover rate is rapid. Isoelectric focusing of extracts derived from stigmas after protease and cycloheximide treatment showed a marked decrease in staining intensity of 3 protein bands, one of which, a glycoprotein, is known to be present only when the self incompativility system is fully functional. These observations suggest a specificity of adhesion between higher plant cells in the presence of the cell wall. PMID- 6995472 TI - Some aspects of the gas--liquid chromatographic analysis of cyclophosphamide in plasma. AB - The gas--liquid chromatography of cyclophosphamide has been extensively investigated. Several methods for the assay of cyclophosphamide in plasma are reported, those with the nitrogen--phosphorus-specific detection being most sensitive and selective. PMID- 6995473 TI - Clinical investigation of chronic diseases: its successful pursuit in an outpatient setting. PMID- 6995474 TI - Abnormal adrenal and vascular responses to angiotensin II and an angiotensin antagonist in acromegaly. PMID- 6995475 TI - Correlation of hyperprolactinemia with altered plasma insulin and glucagon: similarity to effects of late human pregnancy. AB - Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured during oral glucose and iv tolbutamide tolerance tests in nine women with hyperprolactinemia and the amenorrheagalactorrhea syndrome (AGS). Glucose tolerance curves, basal insulin levels, and postchallenge plasma insulin responses were significantly higher in AGS women compared to those in an age- and weight-matched control group. Fasting plasma glucagon concentrations were unaltered in AGS, but suppression of the hormone after oral glucose was greater and more prolonged relative to the control response. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on nine normal women during late pregnancy who had physiological hyperprolactinemia comparable to that in the AGS group. Glucose tolerance curves, exaggerated plasma insulin responses, and glucagon suppression resembled those observed in the AGS women. These results suggest that elevated plasma PRL concentrations may contribute to the development of hyperinsulinemia and accentuated glucagon suppression in response to glucose that is characteristic of late human pregnancy. PMID- 6995476 TI - Glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide in noninsulin-dependent maturity onset diabetes: effects of autonomic neuropathy. AB - Glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released into the circulation after ingestion of a mixed meal and is thought to enhance glucose-induced insulin release. We investigated basal and meal-stimulated GIP secretion in noninsulin-dependent maturity-onset diabetics (MODs). Twelve MODs and 12 healthy normal subjects were studied. Mean (+/- SE) basal plasma GIP concentrations were similar in MODs (297 +/- 34.5 pg/ml) and healthy subjects (305 +/- 29.7 pg/ml). Overnight insulin infusion normalized basal glucose levels in the MODs and induced a slight but insignificant rise in plasma GIP levels in MODs to 362 +/- 40.9 pg/ml; overnight gastric aspiration caused a further slight rise in basal GIP concentration to 392 +/- 56.6 pg/ml. The GIP responses to a mixed meal were significantly impaired at 90-240 min in MODs. The MODs were divided into 2 groups, each with 6 subjects: 1 group with autonomic neuropathy (AN) and the other without. The GIP responses in MODs without AN were similar to those in healthy subjects, but were significantly reduced in MODs with AN at all times after the meal. We suggest that the release of GIP after a meal is dependent upon the integrity of the autonomic nervous system; the mechanism may be related to the loss of autonomic control of gastric emptying or dependence of GIP secretion on autonomic modulation. PMID- 6995477 TI - Acidic metabolites. V. Isosteroids as intermediates in cortoic acid formation. AB - The role of steroid-17-aldols, 20 beta-isocortisol (11 beta, 17,20 beta trihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al) or 20 beta-iso THE (3 alpha,17,20 beta trihydroxy-11-oxo-pregnan-21-al), as preferred intermediates for the biosynthesis of cortoic acids was studied in human subjects. The results demonstrated that the isosteroids were converted moe efficiently than cortisol to cortoic acids and hexahydro neutral metabolites. In all cases, the oxidation state at C-11 was largely conserved. After the administration of the 20 beta compounds both 20 alpha and 20 beta epimers of the acidic and neutral metabolites were isolated. This inversion occurred without oxidation at C-20 and provided evidence for the mediation of an epimerase in this transformation. The results further indicate that reversion of the isosteroids to ketolic intermediates (i.e. cortisol, tetrahydrocortisol, and tetrahydrocortisone did not occur. PMID- 6995478 TI - Direct demonstration of separate receptors for growth and metabolic activities of insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity (an insulinlike growth factor) using antibodies to the insulin receptor. AB - Insulin and such insulinlike growth factors as multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) are related polypeptides that have common biological activities. Both insulin and MSA produce acute metabolic responses (stimulation of glucose oxidation in isolated fat cells) as well as growth effects (stimulation of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in cultured fibroblasts). In addition, most cells have separate receptors for insulin and insulinlike growth factors, and both peptides have weaker affinity for each other's specific receptors than for their own. To determine, therefore, whether these effects are mediated by receptors for insulin, insulinlike growth factors, or both, we have selectively blocked insulin receptors with a specific antagonist, namely Fab fragments derived from naturally occurring antibodies to the insulin receptor. In rat adipocytes, 10 mug/ml of antireceptor Fab inhibited insulin binding by 90%, whereas it inhibited MSA binding <5%. The anti-insulin receptor Fab is without intrinsic biological activity, but acts as a competitive inhibitor of insulin receptors. Blockade of insulin receptors with Fab fragments produced a 30-fold rightward shift in the dose response for stimulation of glucose oxidation by both insulin and MSA. The dose-response curves for stimulation of oxidation by vitamin K(5) and spermine, agents that stimulate glucose oxidation through noninsulin receptor pathways, were not affected by the blockade of insulin receptors with Fab antibody fragments. These data suggest that this acute metabolic effect of both insulin and MSA is mediated via the insulin receptor. In cultured human fibroblasts, 10 mug/ml of Fab inhibited insulin binding by 90% and MSA binding by 15%. In fibroblasts, however, blockade of the insulin receptor did not alter the dose response for stimulation of thymidine incorporation into DNA by either insulin or MSA. Furthermore, intact antireceptor antibody immunoglobulin (Ig)G, which produces multiple other insulinlike effects, and Fab fragments of antireceptor antibody did not stimulate thymidine incorporation. These data demonstrate directly that the insulin receptor mediates the metabolic effects of insulin and MSA, whereas the growth-promoting action of both peptides is mediated by the MSA receptor or other growth factors. PMID- 6995479 TI - Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. AB - To determine the plasma epinephrine thresholds for its metabolic and hemodynamic actions and plasma epinephrine metabolic clearance rates, 60-min intravenous epinephrine infusions at nominal rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 microgram/min were performed in each of six normal human subjects. These 30 infusions resulted in steady-state plasma epinephrine concentrations ranging from 24 to 1,020 pg/ml. Plasma epinephrine thresholds were 50-100 pg/ml for increments in heart rate, 75-125 pg/ml for increments in blood glycerol and systolic blood pressure, 150-200 pg/ml for increments in plasma glucose (the resultant of increments in glucose production and decrements in glucose clearance), blood lactate, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate, and diastolic blood pressure, and greater than 400 pg/ml for early decrements in plasma insulin. Changes in blood alanine, plasma glucagon, plasma growth hormone, and plasma cortisol were not detected. At steady-state plasma epinephrine concentrations of 24-74 pg/ml, values overlapping the basal normal range, the mean (+/-SE) plasma metabolic clearance rate of epinephrine was 52 +/- 4 ml x min-1 x kg-1; this value rose to 89 +/- 6 ml x min-1 x kg-1 (P less than 0.01) at steady-state epinephrine concentrations of 90-1,020 pg/ml. We conclude that in human subjects: (a) the plasma epinephrine thresholds for its hemodynamic and metabolic actions lie within the physiologic range, (b) epinephrine and norepinephrine accelerate their own metabolic clearance, and (c) epinephrine is 10 times more potent than norepinephrine. PMID- 6995480 TI - Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response. AB - Two sets of phagocytic cells are available to defend the lung against inhaled bacteria. Both resident alveolar macrophages and granulocytes from the circulation have been observed in pulmonary air spaces after the deposition of bacteria; their functional roles, however, have been defined. We rendered mice selectively granulocytopenic with heterologous antiserum in order to ascertain the relative contributions of these two groups of cells in intrapulmonary bacterial killing. The clearance of Staphylococcus aureus was unimpaired in granulocytopenic animals, confirming the primary role of the alveolar macrophages in the killing of these organisms. In contrast, granulocytopenic animals cleared only 10.0+/-7.0% of an inoculum of Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with 33.0+/ 4.0% clearance in normal animals (P < 0.02), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proliferated to 513% of baseline levels in granulocytopenic animals, whereas normal mice cleared 26.8+/-10.6% of the inoculum. These findings indicate that circulating granulocytes play a major role in the clearance of the latter two organisms. This variation in cellular response to different bacterial species suggests that the defense of the lung against pathogenic bacteria is more complex than has been previously assumed. PMID- 6995481 TI - Delayed fetal pulmonary maturation in a rabbit model of the diabetic pregnancy. AB - A rabbit model for the diabetic pregnancy was used to investigate the etiology of delayed pulmonary maturation observed in infants of diabetic mothers. Pregnant rabbit does were made glucose intolerant and insulinopenic by injection of alloxan, a pancreatic beta-cell cytotoxin. At 28 d (term approximately 31 d) fetuses of these animals were hyperglycemic, but were not hyperinsulinemic and did not demonstrate tissue overgrowth. Fetal pulmonary maturity was assessed by measurement of pressure-volume relationships on the fetal lungs. Fetuses of glucose-intolerant does demonstrated less retention of air on deflation. Phospholipid components of pulmonary surfactant were assayed on fluid obtained from lavage of the fetal lungs. Levels of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (per cent total-lavage phospholipids) were diminished in fetuses of glucose-intolerant does compared to control fetuses (20.5 +/- 4.2 vs. 38.0 +/ 4.3%; P less than 0.01). Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios were similar in both groups and phosphatidylglycerol was not detected in either group. There was a direct correlation between the percentage of alveolar disaturated phosphatidylcholine and retention of air on lung deflation. These findings suggest that in this model pulmonary instability was a result of diminished alveolar disaturated phosphatidylcholine, and this diminution did not result from fetal hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6995482 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in rabbits with experimental meningitis. Alterations with penicillin and methylprednisolone. AB - Acute bacterial meningitis may be associated with increased intracranial pressure, neurological sequelae such as communicating hydrocephalus, and a slow response to antibiotic therapy. Alterations in cerebrospinal hydrodynamics are at least partially responsible for these complications. Constant, low-flow short duration manometric infusion studies through a hollow-bore pressure monitoring device in direct continuity with the supracortical subarachnoid space were performed in rabbits with experimental meningitis. Maximal resistance to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow from the subarachnoid to vascular space was markedly increaed in acute pneumococcal meningitis when compared to control, uninfected animals (6.77 +/- 3.52 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.04 mm Hg/microliter per min, P less than 0.001). Similar elevations (8.93 +/- 4.15 mm Hg/microliter per min were found in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. Despite eradication of viable bacteria from the CSF by penicillin therapy during the acute stage of pneumococcal meningitis, resistance remained elevated (6.07 +/- 4.68 mm Hg/microliter per min) and had not returned to normal up to 15 d later. Administration of methylprednisolone during the early stages of acute pneumococcal meningitis reduced mean peak outflow resistance towards control values (0.59 mm Hg/microliter per min) and no "rebound" effect was apparent 24 h later. These hydrodynamic alterations in experimental meningitis prevent normal CSF absorption and decrease the ability of the bran to compensate for changes in intracranial volume and pressure. PMID- 6995483 TI - Effect of secreted Bacteroides proteases on human intestinal brush border hydrolases. AB - Selected bacteroides species secreted various amounts of protease and glycosidase into their growth medium. Bacteroides vulgatus, distasonis, and ovatus secreted the most (31-60% of total). The secreted protease was similar in action to the protease within the organism, in that it had a broad pH optimum of 6-9, a K(m app.) for casein of 0.1 muM, and was inhibited by benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP), and by an elastase inhibitor, Ac(Ala)(3)AlaCH(2)Cl. Exposure of human brush border preparations to the secreted protease reduced maltase and sucrase activities; the reduction could be prevented by DIFP. In contrast, brush border alkaline phosphatase activity either did not change or increased after exposure to bacterial secretions. >90% inhibition of secreted glycosidase using EDTA and p chloromercuribenzoic acid did not prevent the reduction of brush border maltase and sucrase activity, suggesting that glucosidases were not likely to be involved in the destruction of brush border enzymes. Moreover, the bacterial proteases caused only a small net release of active maltase or sucrase from the brush border. Most of the loss of activity was due to destruction of the enzyme. Proximal bowel fluid of three patients with overgrowth contained DIFP-inhibitable protease that destroyed sucrase in isolated brush borders. A Bacteroides species was isolated from each sample that secreted protease and destroyed brush border sucrase. We conclude that in bacterial overgrowth syndromes, brush border damage may occur from protease(s) secreted by Bacteroides. PMID- 6995484 TI - Raji cell assay for immune complexes. Evidence for detection of Raji-directed immunoglobulin G antibody in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We asked whether binding of human immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reacting with Raji cells could be distinguished from binding of IgG immune complexes. Using a standard Raji assay employing 125I-IgG goat anti-human Fc gamma, we found that digestion of Raji cells with pronase reduced by 95% their ability to bind complement-fixed aggregated human gamma globulin and complement-fixed tetanus toxoid-antitetanus toxin complexes. However, binding at 37 degrees C of IgG from the sera of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to pronase digested Raji cells was reduced much less consistently and extensively (9-100% reduction; mean reduction of 51%). In more detailed studies of two SLE sera, sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that greater than 50% of the IgG binding to undigested Raji cells sedimented in the 7S region. Pepsin digestion of immunoglobulin fractions from four SLE sera caused a reduction in SLE IgG binding to undigested Raji cells when detected with 125I anti-Fc gamma, but an increase when binding was detected with 125I-anti-Fab, suggesting that substantial SLE IgG can bind through F(ab')2 regions. Binding of IgG from SLE sera was not directed at neoantigenic sites induced by pronase digestion because binding activity was adsorbed with undigested cells as readily as with digested cells. Moreover, sera from 10 SLE patients that had negative Raji assays contained no IgG that bound to pronase-digested Raji cells. We conclude that much of the IgG bound at 37 degrees C to Raji cells from the sera of many patients with SLE does not represent immune complexes but is probably antibody directed toward sites on the Raji cell. PMID- 6995485 TI - Human alveolar macrophage-derived chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Stimuli and partial characterization. AB - The presence of neutrophils within the lung is a characteristic feature of a variety of lung diseases. To evaluate the potential role of alveolar macrophages in modulating the migration of neutrophils to the lung, normal human alveolar macrophages obtained from volunteers by bronchopulmonary lavage, were exposed for various periods of time in vitro to heat-killed microorganisms, and noninfectious particulates, immune complexes, and the macrophage supernates were evaluated for chemotactic activity. The microorganisms, noninfectious particulates, and immune complexes were chosen as stimuli for alveolar macrophages because these stimuli are representative of a spectrum of pathogenic agents that cause neutrophil accumulation in the lower respiratory tract. After incubation with each of these stimuli, alveolar macrophages released low molecular weight (400-600) chemotactic factor(s) (alveolar macrophage-derived chemotactic factor[s] [AMCF]) with relatively more activity for neutrophils than monocytes or eosinophils. Checker board analysis of the AMCF revealed that the factor was primarily chemotactic and not chemokinetic for neutrophils. The selectivity for neutrophils vs. monocytes could not be explained by a selective deactivation of monocytes, because the AMCF was more potent in deactivating neutrophils than monocytes. Partial characterization of AMCF demonstrated it was heterogeneous with the following features: (a) stable to heating at 56 and 100 degrees C for 30 min; (b) stable over a pH range of 1.0 to 12.0 for 60 min; (c) stable after exposure to trypsin, papain, chymotrypsin, collagenase, and elastase; (d) partially inhibited by serum chemotactic factor inhibitor(s); (e) two major isoelectric points (pI 7.6 and 5.2); and (f) partially extractable into ethyl acetate, ether, and hexane. Although AMCF was, at least, partially lipid in nature, it did not appear to be similar to previously described lipid chemotactic factors (e.g., hydroxy derivatives of 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid); analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry of AMCF extracted into ethyl acetate did not reveal the presence of 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The macrophage supernates containing the AMCF also stimulated normal human neutrophils to release lysozyme and lactoferrin but not lactate dehydrogenase. These studies suggest that a wide variety of potentially pathogenic stimuli induce normal alveolar macrophages to generate a low molecular weight chemotactic factor(s) that preferentially attracts neutrophils. Because alveolar macrophages are normal residents of alveoli, it is likely that by releasing this factor(s) macrophages play a significant role in amplifying the inflammatory processes seen in many acute and chronic lung diseases. PMID- 6995487 TI - Demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in human breast carcinomas by the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Using an antiserum against carcinoembryonic antigen, which was free from non specific cross-reacting antigen activity, carcinoembryonic antigen has been demonstrated in 45 out of 90 breast carcinomas by an indirect three-stage immunoperoxidase method. The presence of carcinoembryonic antigen appears to be related to good histological differentiation but not to histological type, lymph node metastasis, or recurrence within two years of primary diagnosis. It is suggested that the varying results obtained by different workers may be due to the differing characteristics of the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen serum used. PMID- 6995486 TI - Histopathological changes in the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Postmortem and surgical specimens of liver from 20 patients who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for a variety of disorders were examined. The lesions fell into five major categories: bile duct atypia often associated with portal tract fibrosis (8 cases), veno-occlusive disease (2 cases), small foci of non-zonal hepatocyte necrosis (3 cases), opportunistic infections (3 cases), and a miscellaneous group of non-specific abnormalities. Our findings, in conjunction with those in experimental animals, point strongly to the bile duct lesion being a specific manifestation of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Veno occlusive disease has also been reported recently as a possible manifestation of a graft versus host reaction and, although both our patients with this lesion had evidence of GvHD in the skin and gastrointestinal tract, both had also received irradiation and 6-thioguanine, and these may have been responsible. The foci of hepatocyte necrosis could not be attributed to GvHD with any confidence as the lesion was of only minor severity, infrequent, highly non-specific in appearance and, furthermore, did not correlate well with the presence of bile duct lesions. The absence of specific clinical and biochemical findings in human hepatic GvHD stresses the need for biopsy to make a firm diagnosis. However, the patchy distribution of the bile duct lesion and its absence from the needle biopsies examined in this study suggest possible sampling problems, and further study is necessary to assess its value. PMID- 6995488 TI - A quantitative study of the influence of fixation on immunoperoxidase staining of rectal mucosal plasma cells. AB - A quantitative morphometric study of the immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells in rectal biopsies from nine patients with ulcerative colitis and three patients with the irritable colon syndrome is presented. The results show that fixation of the biopsy specimens with formol-sublimate, a mercuric fixative, resulted in better staining with the immunoperoxidase method and that, by comparison with formol saline, higher cell counts were always obtained. PMID- 6995490 TI - A serum-dependent defect of neutrophil function in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - Investigations into the immunological functions of three patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were carried out. Phagocytosis of Candida albicans, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, complement, and immunoglobulin levels were normal. Candidacidal assays using the neutrophils of the patients in autologous serum showed significant decreases below normal levels. This decrease in kill could be corrected by incubating the patients' cells in normal control or human AB serum. Cross-over serum studies also showed that the patients' sera had inhibitory effects on the candidacidal capacity of normal neutrophils. These changes in kill were related to candida antibody levels. PMID- 6995489 TI - Direct immunofluorescence of skin using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. AB - The technique of direct immunofluorescence has been applied to skin biopsy specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. The results have been compared with those obtained by using snap-frozen biopsy specimens from the same patients. Trypsinisation of the dewaxed material allowed subsequent detection of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen. When compared to the fluorescence in the snap-frozen specimens, the staining in the paraffin sections was less bright and there was a higher rate of negatives. Even so, it was possible to establish the diagnosis in most cases of pemphigus, pemphigoid, and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6995491 TI - An experimental model for ascending acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli or proteus in rats. AB - Experimental, ascending acute pyelonephritis in rats was produced by injecting 0 x 5 ml of 10(9) bacteria/ml into the urinary bladder via the urethra. No traumatic manipulation of the ureters of kidneys was necessary. A grading system for kidney lesions based on macro- and microscopical examination was used. The capacity of different Escherichia coli and proteus strains to induce acute pyelonephritis was tested, and the E. coli 06K13H1 strain and the Proteus mirabilis 03H1 strain were especially capable of causing urinary tract infection. For the P. mirabilis 03H1 strain, a dominance of right kidney lesions was noted in contrast to the E. coli 06K13H1 strain which did not show any side preference. PMID- 6995494 TI - Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogel. AB - The use of lyphogel to concentrate the number of virus particles in specimens for electron microscopic examination was studied in parallel with ultracentrifugation. One hundred faecal and urine samples were compared. Both methods had a similar sensitivity. Lyphogel was economical, simple, and rapid in use; in contrast to ultracentrifugation, it required relatively little material. The procedure could be done within a safety cabinet, and virus particles were morphologically undamaged by the process. PMID- 6995493 TI - Postmortem bacteriology of the lung by printculture of frozen tissue. A technique for in situ culture of microorganisms in whole frozen organs. AB - Lung lobes obtained at necropsy from 100 patients were frozen at -70 degrees C and sectioned as a whole in a sledge microtome as used on complete frozen animals. Prints of freshly cut surfaces were cultured on different solid media in 14 cm Petri dishes. The printcultures showed three patterns of bacterial growth: dense growth in 24%, patchy growth in 43%, and no significant growth in 33%. Forty-two of the 67 positive printcultures showed to or more bacterial species. Besides bacteria known to be pathogens of the lung, streptococci of the viridans group, enterococci, and streptococci of group B were grown, sometimes in pure cultures. The patterns of the printcultures were reproducible in successive sections, and the quantity of the bacterial species could be assessed. Contaminating bacteria on the surface of the lung lobe could be recognised, as these produced colonies restricted to the edges of the print. Because there was no smearing of infecting and contaminating bacteria, printculture offers a method of reference. PMID- 6995495 TI - An evaluation of the Replireader in the identification of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine and in the recording of sensitivity tests performed by an agar dilution method. AB - In the Replireader system for identifying Enterobacteriaceae, plates of biochemical media are inoculated with a replicator and the results are put into a computer. The machine correctly identified 92x2% of 734 strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine; it was incorrect in 0x8% and failed to recognise 7%. The Replireader was also used to record the results of sensitivity tests using a plate dilution method in which the drugs were provided by impregnated filter papers (Adapads). PMID- 6995492 TI - Blood rheology. PMID- 6995496 TI - New methods for the isolation of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Some new methods for the isolation of Legionella pneumophila are described which have been successful in recovering this organism from 6/10 patients with clinical evidence of Legionnaires' disease. The increased sensitivity of these methods combined with speedier isolation of the organisms than has hitherto been possible will hopefully lead to eventual isolation of this organism as a routine procedure in diagnostic microbiology laboratories. PMID- 6995497 TI - Legionnaires' disease serology. Effect of antigen preparation on specificity and sensitivity of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. AB - Sera from 31 Legionnaires' disease (LD) survivors of the Philadelphia outbreak, 31 Legionnaire (L) controls, and 300 additional controls were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to five antigen preparations of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) to determine the effect of antigen preparation on the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Diagnostic levels were determined for each antigen at the upper limit of normal value (ULNV) titre, which established the titre not exceeded by 85% of controls. Antigens were prepared from formalin-killed L. pneumophila suspended in egg yolk sac (EYS) (LPF:EYS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (LPF:BSA); and from heat-killed organisms suspended in EYS (LPH:EYS) or BSA (LPH:BSA). Antigen was also supplied by the Center for Disease Control (CDC:AG).Although there was wide variation in the sensitivity of the antigens, at the ULNV level all antigens tested could be used to differentiate LD survivors from L controls (p<0.001; X(2) test). Formalin treatment resulted in the most specific antigen by eliminating titres in L controls. The results of the X(2) test, comparing LD survivors with L controls, ranked the antigens in the following ascending order of sensitivity: LPH:BSA 15.3, 450,000 physicians and other health professionals, through publicity in the medical and lay press, and by contact with the pro Laetrile groups. As a result, a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who volunteered their cases and who believed they had objective antitumor benefit from Laetrile therapy has been carried out. Similar criteria for response that are used for any National Cancer Institute-sponsored investigational agent were used to evaluate possible Laetrile antitumor activity. This analysis was not designed to determine a response rate to Laetrile. It is uncontrolled, only positive responders were solicited, and the total number of cases treated with Laetrile was not available. It is believed that if any objective benefit for Laetrila therapy exists, then at least hints of this should be made evident by this retrospective evaluation. Data collected were used to assist in deciding if clinical trials of Laetrile are warranted. PMID- 6996808 TI - Evaluation of toxicity: clinical issues. AB - Toxicity criteria used by three of the major cooperative groups are reviewed and discussed. The definition of acceptable toxicity will depend on the extent of disease and the availability of effective therapy. For some forms of toxicity there are adequate early warning signals; for other forms no satisfactory criteria yet exist. Until recently, no attempt had been made to systematically evaluate the quality of the patient's life during and after therapy. We are just now beginning to assess the long-term pathophysiologic changes that occur during and after multimodal therapy. The protocol must include information concerning agent toxicity, criteria for modification of therapy, and time intervals for documentation of toxicity. We must continue to develop therapeutic regimens which control the disease but interfere minimally with the quality of life. PMID- 6996809 TI - The research logic of radiation oncology in combined modality therapy. AB - The integration of radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery depends on the delineation of failure patterns for each specific cancer. By identifying the failure pathways it is possible to design therapeutic strategies for each pattern. The main issues focus upon selecting the best therapeutic sequence and combination that can be employed first to reduce the tumor to subclinical stages, but ultimately to achieve a total cure. Although radiation therapy and chemotherapy can be given simultaneously or sequentially the variety of drugs now available and the many dose schedules for radiation therapy and chemotherapy make the possible permutations almost infinite. It is for this reason that the drug radiation therapy interactions should be better understood, and that is why new terminology is being developed to describe the different types of interactions that may occur. With the innovations in radiation therapy (systemic half-body irradiation, radiosensitizers, and hyperthermia), there are now more potential combinations of standard modalities and new investigative techniques than can be explored clinically. For this reason, experimental models may be able to offer a better scientific basis for combining modes, but even in the laboratory too many probabilities exist. The need for a cooperative effort (both in laboratory and clinical investigations) for combined modality treatment approaches to cancer has become a mandate for oncology protocol design in this multimodal era. PMID- 6996810 TI - Loco-regional recurrent melanoma: I natural history. PMID- 6996811 TI - Neuromotor and neuropsychological manifestations of "total therapy" in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6996812 TI - DDMP (2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-methylpyrimidine). PMID- 6996813 TI - Growth-inhibitory activity of the D-mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A-5 mutant strain against mouse-implanted sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich-carcinoma solid tumor. AB - The D-mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A-5 mutant strain, which possesses a main chain composed of alpha-(1 yields 6) linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and a small proportion of branches composed of alpha-(1 yields 2)- and alpha-(1 yields 3)-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues, showed strong growth inhibitory activity against mouse-implanted Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich-carcinoma solid tumor. The observation that the level of this activity was nearly identical with that of the D-mannan of a wild-type strain of bakers' yeast, which possesses a high proportion of branches composed of alpha-(1 yields 2)-and alpha-(1 yields 3)-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues, suggests that the branches are not essential for antitumor activity. The partial acid-degradation products of both D-mannans, the molecular weight of which was one-third of that of each parent D-mannan, had only one half of the antitumor activity of the parent D-mannans. This suggests that molecular size is the most important factor for the differences in acitvity of the polysaccharides of wild and mutant strains. PMID- 6996814 TI - Clinical usefulness of computer diagnosis in automated electrocardiography. AB - We evaluated the clinical usefulness of the automated ECG analysis system with the Bonner I program based on 1,460 ECGs of which 45.8% were abnormal. Both computer and physician agreed in 93.8% of the 1,460 cases on rhythm analysis, in 89.5% on contour analysis and in 83.6% on both rhythm and contour analysis. Myocardial infarction, LVH and ST abnormality were correctly diagnosed in 81.0, 69.7 and 82.0%, respectively, and error ratios of these diagnoses were 0.50, 0.58, 0.52, respectively. WPW syndrome and electronic pacemaker were rarely diagnosed by the computer. 43 cases diagnosed by the computer as 'normal sinus rhythm or sinus bradycardia with normal contour ECG' were of abnormal ECGs. The most frequent causes of disagreement between computer and physician in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, LVH and ST abnormality were differences in criteria. Since there are several cases of misdiagnoses in the clinically important ECG abnormalities, such as myocardial infarction, it will still be necessary for cardiologists to review all computer-processed ECGs. Nevertheless, the physician's clerical work would be reduced greatly by using the system when we consider the fact that both computer and physician agreed on the diagnosis of rhythm and contour analysis in 83.6% of the 1,460 cases. PMID- 6996815 TI - A dose-response study in situational insomnia with zopiclone, a new tranquilizer. AB - Patients scheduled for next-day elective surgery were included in a randomized double-blind trial that compared the hypnotic and adverse effects of a placebo and four doses (3,5,6,9,13.5 mg) of a new compound, zopliclone. Sleep patterns were evaluated using a questionnaire; side effects were noted, and tests evaluating coordination and alertness were performed. Except for dreams and morning responses, there were significant differences in sleep indices at all dose levels. The 3.5-mg dose produced some significant differences compared with the placebo. All responses to the higher three doses were statistically significant; however, there was only a slight increase in effectiveness between 6 and 9 mg. Alertness, coordination tests, blood pressure, and adverse effects did not differ significantly among doses, except for the incidence of drowsiness and a bitter after-taste in the mouth. PMID- 6996816 TI - A lower dose regimen for cephradine capsules in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial, an oral dosing regimen of 500 mg twice daily (BID) of cephradine was evaluated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible pathogens. This dose was compared to the already established cephradine regimen of 1,000 mg BID. Of the 218 cases entered into the study, 130 were evaluable for efficacy, 64 in the 500-mg BID group and 66 in the 1,000-mg BID group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two dosage regimens regarding rapidity of clinical improvement, eradication of the pathogens, and overall therapeutic outcome. Successful responses were obtained in 89.1% of the 500-mg BID cases and in 87.9% of the 1,000-mg BID cases. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a 500-mg BID dosing regimen of cephradine for this use. This regimen offers the advantages of convenience, potentially improved compliance, and cost economy. PMID- 6996818 TI - Changes in neutral protease activity in human tooth pulp during health and disease. PMID- 6996817 TI - Surface roughness of acid-etched and demineralized bovine enamel measured by a laser speckle method. PMID- 6996819 TI - [The anti-fascist battle on the health front. A remembrance of the illegal activities at Bulovka during the occupation]. PMID- 6996820 TI - [Research on postcapillary pulmonary circulation. A review of the research results of Dr. Frantisek Herles]. PMID- 6996821 TI - [Aetiology of acute hepatitis in the 1979 explosive epidemic in the Czech Socialist Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6996822 TI - Microtubules, dendritic spines and spine appratuses. AB - Using techniques for enhanced microtubular preservation, including albumin pretreatment (Gray, 1975), occipital cortex of rats was studied electron microscopically at various ages of development. A close structural relationship was seen between microtubules, sacs of SER and the postsynaptic "thickening" in primordial spines and with the dense "plate" material of spine apparatuses. Stereoscopic preparations in addition show a more complicated substructure than previously described for the "plate". Microtubules may contribute to the formation of the "plate" of the spine apparatus which in turn is associated with the postsynaptic "thickening" of the mature spine. Possible functional correlates are discussed. PMID- 6996823 TI - Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the sheep hypothalamus during variuos reproductive stages: correlation with the gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary. AB - Using the labeled and unlabeled immunoperoxidase metods, the distribution and concentration (1) of immunoreactive LFRH-material in the hypothalamus, and (2) of gonadotropic hormones in the adenohypophysis of the ewe were determined during various reproductive stages, including two phases of the estrous cycle, anestrus, lactation, and the state after ovariectomy. The concentration of LHRH immunoreactive material varied in particular regions of the median eminence (ME) and was closely dependent on the physiological state. The immunoreactive material was most abundant in hypothalami of lactating animals, exceeding gradually the corresponding deposits in ovariectomized animals, in ewes during the 16th day of the estrous cycle (before ovulation), and in anestrous ewes. A severe depletion of LHRH from the rostral and central parts of the ME was observed 24 h after ovulation. This depletion was accompanied by a degranulation of LH- and prolactin producing cells in the adenophypophysis. It is postulated that LHRH is stored in the ME of the sheep in all examined endocrine stage. Only circumscribed regions of the ME take part in the cyclic release of LHRH during the ovulatory phase; this suggests a functional differentiation of the nerve terminals in this neurohemal area. PMID- 6996825 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the LHRH-synthesizing neuron system of aged female rats. AB - The LHRH-synthesizing neuron system was studied in young proestrous and old female rats, and in aged ovariectomized or reserpine-treated females. The medial preoptic area and septal region of old animals contains more LHRH positive perikarya compared to that of young proestrous rats. Reserpine treatment moderately increases the number of immunostainable LHRH cells, while ovariectomy is ineffective in this respect. PMID- 6996824 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting area in the pineal recess of the vole (Microtus agrestis), guinea pig (Cavia cobaya), and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The ventricular lining in the pineal recess of the vole (Microtus agrestis), guinea pig (Cavia cobaya) and Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was investigated light and electron microscopically. Deep in the pineal recess of all three species the ependymal lining exhibits interruptions. A varying proportion of pinealocytes penetrates through this ependymal area, so that the surface of the protruding cells is directly exposed to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). At their base, these cells are anchored in the hypependymal tissue by means of processes. It is conjectured that these pinealocytes are engaged in secreting pineal substances into the CSF, as various physiological findings appear to indicate. PMID- 6996826 TI - Target cells for 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the pancreas. AB - Mature rats raised on a vitamin D deficient diet were injected with tritium labeled, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Concentration of radioactivity, which is prevented by pretreatment with unlabeled 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, is found in nuclei of cells that are centrally located in pancreatic islets. The central location of these cells and supportive evidence from the literature suggest that they are B-cells, and that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a direct and genomic action on B-cell functions including insulin secretion. PMID- 6996827 TI - Freeze-fracturing and deep-etching with the volatile cryoprotectant ethanol reveals true membrane surfaces of kidney structures. AB - With the conventional freeze-fracture technique applied to biological specimens, cell membranes split along an interior plane and two membrane faces are produced. True membrane surfaces remain hidden and can only be uncovered by deep-etching. To date, deep-etching could not be satisfactorily performed in the presence of cryoprotective agents since conventional cryoprotectants do not sublime due to their low vapour pressure. This lack of suitable volatile cryoprotectants has limited deep-etching so far to very small objects which can be cryofixed without cryoprotectants. As a consequence, our freeze-fracture knowledge of cell surfaces is still poor. The present study shows that ethanol is a suitable volatile cryoprotectant for the freeze-fracture technique, and provides a novel approach to the routine deep-etching of freeze-fracture specimens without the need for special equipment. With ethanol deep-etching, true outer cell-surfaces are demonstrated within the kidneys of rat and Psammomys. PMID- 6996830 TI - Ultrastructural alterations of the pancreatic D cell in the domestic fowl following vagotomy. AB - In an attempt to determine the neural control of pancreatic D cells, the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were examined electron microscopically from 1 to 28 days after abdominal vagotomy. Exocytotic release of many secretory granules from D cells occurred one day after vagotomy. Rough endoplasmic reticulum developed and formed an arrangement of concentric whorls in the cytoplasm of D cells after axotomy. The altered D cells were also characterized by the occurrence of many peculiar dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm at all time periods studied. These bodies varied in shape and size, containing several round vesicles. The D cells were extensively depleted of granules after the longer time periods following vagotomy. The present results provide new morphological evidence for the vagus-nerve control of D cells, which may regulate the activity of islet cells. PMID- 6996828 TI - Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry. IV. Verification of catecholamine-neurophysin interactions through single-section analysis. AB - A method was developed that allows the analysis of neuropeptides and monoamines in a single tissue section by the application of the unlabeled antibody method for peptide staining to tissue sections freeze-dried for formaldehyde-induced monoamine histofluorescence. The hypothalamic magnocellular system of male albino rats served as a model for this study; neurons were stained with anti-neurophysin sera, which mark the vasopressin- and oxytocin-associated proteins. Neurophysin containing perikarya appeared to be surrounded by catecholamine-containing varicosities. This phenomenon was seen to varying degrees within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The juxtaposition of varicosities and peptidergic neurons suggests an afferent fiber-target neuron relationship that might favor a functional interaction between monoamines and neuropeptides. PMID- 6996829 TI - Association of mitochondria with intermediate filaments and of polyribosomes with cytoplasmic actin. AB - Anti-mitochondrial autoantibody and fluorescent derivatives of insulin stain phase-dense mitochondria in acetone fixed monolayers of fibroblasts. Double fluorochrome studies show mitochondria in close topographic association with intermediate filaments. In cells treated with vinblastine or colchicine, mitochondria are relocated in sites closely associated with coils of perinuclear intermediate filaments. In contrast, autoantibody to polyribosomes stains granules aligned in the long axis of well spread embryonic cells, in the direction of actin-containing fibrils, an arrangement that is lost in cells pretreated with the actin filament disrupting drug cytochalasin B. In more mature fibroblasts, antiribosomal antibody reacts with phase-dense rough endoplasmic reticulum and this staining pattern is not affected by cytochalasin B. The observations suggest that mitochondria are associated with intermediate filaments and that free polyribosomes, but not polyribosomes attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum, are associated with cytoplasmic actin. PMID- 6996831 TI - Foreign body aspiration in children. PMID- 6996832 TI - Identification of 23 complementation groups required for post-translational events in the yeast secretory pathway. AB - Cells of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant that is temperature-sensitive for secretion and cell surface growth become dense during incubation at the non permissive temperature (37 degrees C). This property allows the selection of additional secretory mutants by sedimentation of mutagenized cells on a Ludox density gradient. Colonies derived from dense cells are screened for conditional growth and secretion of invertase and acid phosphatase. The sec mutant strains that accumulate an abnormally large intracellular pool of invertase at 37 degrees C (188 mutant clones) fall into 23 complementation groups, and the distribution of mutant alleles suggests that more complementation groups could be found. Bud emergence and incorporation of a plasma membrane sulfate permease activity stop quickly after a shift to 37 degrees C. Many of the mutants are thermoreversible; upon return to the permissive temperature (25 degrees C) the accumulated invertase is secreted. Electron microscopy of sec mutant cells reveals, with one exception, the temperature-dependent accumulation of membrane-enclosed secretory organelles. We suggest that these structures represent intermediates in a pathway in which secretion and plasma membrane assembly are colinear. PMID- 6996833 TI - Plasmids controlled exclusion of the K2 killer double-stranded RNA plasmid of yeast. AB - Saccharomyces strains of two types (K1+R1+ and K2+R2+) kill each other and K-R- sensitive strains by secreting protein toxins. K1 killer strains carry a 1.25 X 10(6) dalton double-stranded RNA plasmid, [KIL-k1], while K2 killers have a 1.0 X 10(6) dalton double-stranded RNA plasmid, [KIL-k2]. Mating [KIL-k1] haploids with [KIL-k2] haploids yields only [KIL-k1] diploids, that is, [KIL-k1] excludes [KIL k2]. [EXL], a new non-Mendelian genetic element from a nonkiller strain, excludes [KIL-k2] but does not exclude [KIL-k1]. A second new non-Mendelian genetic element, called [NEX], when present prevents [EXL] from excluding [KIL-k2]. [NEX] does not prevent [KIL-k1] or [KIL-s1] (a suppressive mutant of [KIL-k1]) from excluding [KIL-k2]. A chromosomal gene, called MKT1, is needed for maintenance of [KIL-k2] if [NEX] is present. In the absence of [NEX], [KIL-k2] does not need MKT1. [KIL-k1] does not need MKT1 even if [NEX] is present. [EXL] replication depends on at least the products of MAK1, MAK3, MAK10 and PET18. [NEX] replication depends on MAK3 but is independent of MAK4, MAK6, MAK27 and MKT1. PMID- 6996835 TI - E. coli ribosomal protein L4 is a feedback regulatory protein. AB - We studied the synthesis of ribosomal proteins encoded by the S10 operon, an eleven gene operon from the str-spc region of the E. coli chromosome, using a lambda fus3 DNA-directed, in vitro protein synthesizing system. Addition of ribosomal protein L4 (1 microM) to in vitro protein synthesis reactions caused selective inhibition of synthesis of the promoter-proximal proteins of the S10 operon, S10, L3, L4, L23 and possibly L2. Proteins of the S10 operon other than L4 did not cause selective inhibition of protein synthesis. Autoregulatory ribosomal proteins previously identified from other operons, L1, S4 and S8, did not inhibit protein synthesis from the S10 operon; nor did L4 cause significant inhibition of protein synthesis from operons other than the S10 operon. As with L1, S4 and S8, L4 inhibits gene expression at the level of translation. PMID- 6996834 TI - The antibody-induced clustering and endocytosis of HLA antigens on cultured human fibroblasts. AB - It has previously been shown by immunofluorescence experiments that the cross linking of HLA antigens into patches (by antibody reagents directed to human beta 2--microglobulin) on the surfaces of cultured human fibroblasts leads to the lining up of the patches over the actomyosin-containing stress fibers lying immediately under the surface membrane. These experiments have now been extended to the resolution of the electron microscope by the use of ferritin-conjugated antibody. The results show that a substantial part of the HLA surface clusters that form by 5 min after the addition of the antibody reagents is found in small uncoated surface invaginations which are subsequently endocytosed and ultimately fuse with lysosomal bodies. At no stage in this process is there any indication that coated pits or coated vesicles participate. These and other results suggest, therefore, that there are at least two distinct mechanisms for the ligand-induced endocytosis and lysosomal processing of membrane components, one involving coated pits and the other the noncoated invaginations described in this paper. Transmembrane associations of clusters with intracellular actomyosin-containing structures may have a role in the endocytosis of these noncoated invaginations. PMID- 6996836 TI - Correlation between the injection of specific proteins in starfishes and the appearance of binding sites for the same proteins in cell populations of their axial organ. PMID- 6996837 TI - Stimulation by conditioned medium of L-929 fibroblasts, E. coli lipopolysaccharide, and muramyl dipeptide of candidacidal activity of mouse macrophages. PMID- 6996838 TI - Modulation of normal lymphocyte stimulation by serum from Treponema pallidum infected rabbits. PMID- 6996839 TI - The murine bone marrow macrophage, a sensitive indicator cell for murine migration inhibitory factor and a new method for their harvest. PMID- 6996840 TI - The capacity of fetal calf serum to support a primary antibody response in vitro is determined, in part, by its reduced glutathione content. PMID- 6996841 TI - Xenopus laevis larval thymocytes do not express surface immunoglobulin. PMID- 6996843 TI - Activation of human B lymphocytes XVI. Cellular requirements, interactions, and immunoregulation of pokeweed mitogen-induced total-immunoglobulin producing plaque-forming cells in peripheral blood. PMID- 6996844 TI - [Protective effect of coli-proteus vaccine in an experimental animal model]. PMID- 6996842 TI - The induction of cytotoxic macrophages and natural killer cells in congenitally athymic rnu/rnu rats. PMID- 6996845 TI - [Tumor immunity and the LAI test]. PMID- 6996846 TI - [Histiocytosis X: isolated extraosseous eosinophil gastric reticuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6996847 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of liver diseases]. PMID- 6996848 TI - [The effective use of turbine diagrinders in the preparation of hard dental tissues]. PMID- 6996849 TI - [On the 50th birthday of Emil Jirava, DDS]. PMID- 6996850 TI - [Gradual reduction of tooth gire]. PMID- 6996851 TI - [Prof. Miloslav Matousek on his 80th birthday]. PMID- 6996852 TI - Measurement of drug-metabolizing systems in Salmonella typhimurium strains G46, TA15135, TA100, TA1538 and TA98. AB - Salmonella typhimurium strains which are commonly used in the Ames test for screening potential carcinogens were examined for a number of drug-metabolizing systems. Neither cytochrome P-450 itself nor two activities catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 system in mammalian cells, i.e., benzpyrene monooxygenase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, could be detected. Nor do these bacterial strains demonstrate any ability to detoxify epoxides by hydrating them or to conjugate p nitrophenol with glucuronic acid. On the other hand, S. tryphimurium strains G46, TA1535, TA100, TA1538 and TA98 contain considerable amounts of acid-soluble thiols, approx. 5--10% of which is glutathione. These bacteria can also enzymatically conjugate glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and can reduce oxidized glutathione using NADPH as cofactor. Thus, enzymatic and non enzymatic reaction of immediate carcinogens with thiol groups in s. typhimurium may have a significant effect on the outcome of the Ames test in certain cases. PMID- 6996855 TI - Insulin-like activity of proteases. III. Effect of insulin-like activity possessing protease on vascular permeability. PMID- 6996853 TI - Is nuclear styrene monooxygenase activity a microsomal artifact? AB - Microsomal contamination in nuclear preparations could represent one of the main sources of bias in the evaluation of the real metabolic capacity of the nuclear envelope. In this paper we present a quantitative study of the level of nuclear styrene monooxygenase enzymatic activity after artificially increasing the native microsomes to nuclei ratio. In one experimental conditions no significant elevation of the nuclear monooxygenase was observed. These data indicate that, if any microsomal contamination is present, it cannot account for more than 30% of the total enzymatic activity found in nuclear preparations. PMID- 6996856 TI - [Complete congenital sternal cleft (author's transl)]. AB - Complete Sternal Cleft is obviously a rare congenital malformation, except as a part of superior celosomy (Cantrell's Syndrome). Such a case is reported, who was operated on eight days after birth. The operation was done by taking off the skin over the pericardium and tightening both hemi-sternum, with non-absorbable material. Short-term and long-term post-operative course was uneventfull. We think positive pressure ventilation is needed only for some days. Results are better and surgery easier when performed shortly after birth. PMID- 6996854 TI - Synthesis of 4-azidoquinoline 1-oxides and related compounds. PMID- 6996857 TI - [Lipomeningocele]. AB - In a revision of 473 spina Bifida cystica, 19 lumbosacral lipomas during the last 13 years is presented. It corresponds to a 4,01% of total cases. The results are commented pointing out the embryology, symptomatology and diagnostic. The treatment is surgical before symptomatology appear. It is very important early surgery for the risk is very low if we compare it with the serious neurologic symptoms that can be established. Tumor must be exirpated as much as possible, liberalizing the medullar adherences that avoid its free ascend. All surgical cases presented an intramedullar communication and compresion. Only three of them, under 3 months of life, are not operated. Postsurgery evolution is satisfactory. PMID- 6996858 TI - [The surgical treatment of pseudoarthroses and congenital curvatures of the leg. Review of the literature on the basis of 7 personal cases (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 7 personal cases of pseudarthrosis and of congenital curvature of the leg reported in detail, including 6 in which consolidation was obtained with a valid follow up (5 cases for more than 14 years), a review is undertaken of the results of surgical techniques. Analysis of these 7 cases and of 82 sufficiently detailed cases from the literature indicate that the transtarsal nailing suggested by Guillemin, combined with corticospongiose grafts, remains the technique of choice. A number of suggestions are made on particular technical points. This method results in consolidation and above all offers the best protection against recurrent fractures whilst retaining a good axis and without interfering with growth. It is the method which limits to a minimum the sequelae of shortening and valgus deformity of the ankle. Indications differ for curvatures and constituted pseudarthroses and the age at which treatment should be started is discussed. PMID- 6996859 TI - [Nephrotomy using in situ hypothermic perfusion. Apropos of a case]. AB - The case of a 14 year old boy, suffering from severe bilateral nephrolithiasis, secondary to cystinuria, is presented. The progressive increase of the lithiasis, the dilatation of the excretory system of the right kidney and the painful passage of stones justified surgical removal of the staghorn stones on the right. The nephrolithotomy was performed under hypothermic perfusion of the kidney in situ, with section of the renal artery. This allowed an exsanguineous nephrotomy and the complete removal of all the stones. Anatomical repair of the calyces was possible, renal artery was re-anastomosed and the opening of the renal vein sutured without difficulty. No complication was encountered in the postoperative period, renal function remaining good. The intravenous pyelogram at the 15th postoperative day showed a marked improvement of the hydronephrosis. The authors review the literature describing the different methods of ischemic nephrotomy and compare the advantages of the procedure chosen in their case with the others : these advantages are the good preservation of the kidney, a bloodless nephrotomy, the long time allowed for the procedure and the removal of all the stones, and the possibility to continue the operation ex vivo when necessary, even using microsurgery. PMID- 6996860 TI - [Ophthalmoscopy and the retinal periphery. Historical summaries]. PMID- 6996861 TI - [Influence of Guy de Chauliac in Toulouse in the 17th century. Apropos of an unpublished minor book]. PMID- 6996862 TI - A proposal linking clearance of circulating lipoproteins to tissue metabolic activity as a basis for understanding atherogenesis. PMID- 6996863 TI - Effect of vasodilation and flow rate on capillary permeability surface product and interstitial space size in the coronary circulation. A frequency domain technique for modeling multiple dilution data with Laguerre functions. PMID- 6996864 TI - Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. IV. Relation between clearance rates of circulating 125I-labeled low-density lipoproteins and levels of tissue hydrolase activity. PMID- 6996865 TI - Mechanism of decreased right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes during continuous positive-pressure ventilation in dogs. PMID- 6996866 TI - Overdrive suppression in the transplanted heart: effect of the autonomic nervous system on human sinus node recovery. PMID- 6996868 TI - Data-base techniques for multiple two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses. AB - Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis can benefit from a powerful set of computer-supported image processing and data structure/management procedures. Detection of quantitative differences is complicated by local inhomogeneities in the polyacrylamide base; biochemical changes and variations in temperature and preparative technique also make the between-gel density and x-y coordinate correspondences quite imprecise. The program presented here provides local alignment and computer-controlled variable "flicker" rates for multiple gels, with use of an interactive display system. Manual spot densitometry, referred to a National Bureau of Standards density wedge, can be complemented by a set of automatic densitometry routines for previously established lists of spots. The ability to establish a set of local landmarks, either by included standards or user identification, provides a basis for automatic n-way gel comparison for subsets or for the entire set of spots. Automatic segmentatin algorithms allow isolatin of spots and separation of touching and partially overlapping regions. Various analytical and statistical facilities are part of the user's access to the interactively developed data base. The data-structure and image-manipulation techniques developed here allow for user-directed and heuristic comparisons with online presentation of intermediate and final results. PMID- 6996867 TI - New perspectives in coagulation testing. AB - The field of coagulation testing has undergone some major technological and conceptual developments, which are briefly reviewed here. The assessment of coagulation parameters is no longer restricted to the study of clot formation and its dissolution. The understanding of the biochemical nature of coagulation processes, coupled with the development of new therapeutic agents in the treatment of hemostatic disorders, has brought about the development of fast, reliable, and clearly defined laboratory test procedures to evaluate the components of this system. The introduction of methods involving synthetic substrates has been very significant because many of the coagulation parameters can now be measured with a spectrophotometer or fluorometer, by methods that lend themselves to the automation found in most large clinical chemistry laboratories. In our laboratory, we use automated synthetic-substrate methods for antithrombin III, plasminogen, and prothrombin, and are developing the synthetic-substrate assay equivalent of clot-based prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin. Immunological methods such as laser/rate nephelometry, enzyme-linked immunoassays, electroimmunodiffusion, and radioimmunoassays have been utilized to evaluate coagulation proteins. The relation of functional and immunological properties of these proteins to their physiological function is being studied. In coming years the testing of coagulation function will undergo some major changes and will require input from clinical chemists and other laboratory scientists to facilitate the technology transfer and proper standardization of new methods. PMID- 6996869 TI - New optical technique for measuring erythrocyte deformability with the ektacytometer. AB - The laser light scattered by erythrocytes subjected to a well-defined shear stess can be analyzed with the ektacytometer to obtain information regarding the changes in cell shape due to fluid shear. We describe an optical technique whereby an observed quantitative output derived from a mesurement of light intensity through a spatial filter is related to the change in cellular dimensions that were previously observed under similar fluid-shear conditions by use of microscopy and a cone-plate viscometer (rheoscope). We also present the predictions of a theoretical model (of the ektacytometer) based on approximations of light-scattering theory developed for nonspherical particles, and give preliminary results for the accuracy and sensitivity of this measurement of erythrocyte deformability. With this optical technique the instrumentation (ektacytometer) is made quite simple and suitable for use in the typical laboratory. This would allow a regular, quantitative assessment of this important blood cell quality, to supplement the data obtained from the complete blood count. PMID- 6996870 TI - Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: an immunoprecipitation method for the determination in feces. AB - An immunoprecipitation method for the determination of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (I-AP) in feces is described using anti-human I-AP IgG. Antibodies to human I-AP are monospecific after absorption with human placental alkaline phosphatase and show no cross-reactions with human liver alkaline phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase from E. coli. Normal controls demonstrate a logarithmic normal distribution of I-AP activity in feces. The standard deviation of the intra- as well as of the inter-assay variation is 11.7%. This method represents a simple quantitative non-invasive in vivo assay for brush border damage under experimental and/or clinical conditions. PMID- 6996871 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of nose, nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses. AB - International incidence and mortality data for ICD rubric 160 (nose and nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses) are reviewed, the relative frequency data for cancer for each of the constituent anatomical locations presented and the histological types of neoplasms encountered tabulated to determine if geographical differences exist which might be worth further investigation. Relatively high rates for this generally rare disease were found in Asian and African populations, the highest age-adjusted rates, between 2.6 and 2.5 per 100,000 per annum, occurring in Japanese males. Independent of the higher rates, the extremely low proportion of cancers of the nose and nasal cavities together with the very high proportion of cancer of the maxillary sinus in Japan are in contrast with a much higher relative frequency of nose and nasal cavity cancer in other countries. These findings seem to justify further studies of these tumours in this country, particularly as none of the known aetiological factors reviewed in this paper explain the high rates for this cancer in Japan. PMID- 6996872 TI - Postural aspects of the post-concussional syndrome. PMID- 6996873 TI - Transferrin binding by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6996874 TI - An antithymocyte serum noncytotoxic to myeloid progenitor cells: candidate serum for prevention of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6996875 TI - Ubiquitous tissue antigen (UTA): partial purification of the antigen and measurement of anti-UTA antibodies by and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). PMID- 6996876 TI - Defective monocyte functions in a child with fatal disseminated BCG infection. PMID- 6996877 TI - Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with a rejection episode in a human renal allograft recipient. AB - Five weeks after receiving a kidney donated by his brother, a 33 year old man showed signs of graft rejection concurrent with an Epstein-Barr virus infection. Primary infection with this virus has not been previousy documented in a renal transplant recipient and the possibility of a relationship between the infection and the kidney rejection is discussed. PMID- 6996878 TI - Successful renal transplantation in a presensitized recipient after multiple blood transfusions. AB - A presensitized uremic patient, initially considered unfit for transplantation, lost his cytotoxic antibodies during prospective multiple transfusion therapy. He subsequently received a graft from his brother, despite a previously positive crossmatch. Hyperacute rejection did not take place. A mild acute rejection episode on the fourth day readily responded to pulse doses of prednisolone. Graft function is excellent at one month. The possible value of intraoperative blood transfusion is discussed. PMID- 6996879 TI - Response to frusemide in acute renal failure: dissociation of renin and diuretic responses. AB - Eight hypertensive children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis were given intravenous frusemide, 2 mg/kg, and the results compared with 8 similar cases not given the diuretic. Mean urine flow increased from 0.24 ml/min/m2 before frusemide to 3.63 ml/min/m2 in the 6 hours afterwards and was still 0.72 ml/min/m2 48 hours later. In contrast mean urine flow remained unchanged over 48 hours in those not given frusemide. Despite similar initial blood pressures the duration of hypertension was much shorter (mean 4.7 days) after frusemide than in the controls (mean 11.0 days) and the edema-free weight was achieved more rapidly (6.8 days compared with 13.9 days). Plasma renin activity (PRA) did not rise after frusemide in the children with acute nephritis. This was in contrast to the rapid rise seen in normal humans thus indicating a dissociation between the diuretic and renin-releasing activities of frusemide in acute nephritis. Seven children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome or acute tubular necrosis showed no significant change in either urine flow or PRA after frusemide. Frusemide is therefore effective treatment for both hypertension and oliguria in acute nephritis. Failure of PRA to rise indicates that renin release mechanisms are abnormal in renal failure and that PRA levels need to be interpreted with caution in this condition. PMID- 6996880 TI - Does vesicoureteric reflux result in renal allograft failure? AB - Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) into transplanted kidneys has been cited as an often disregarded but frequent complication of transplantation which is associated with a glomerular lesion that resembles membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, marked proteinuria, and graft failure. To determine the prevalence of this complication in our transplant population, all of our 23 patients with marked proteinuria and 27 controls without proteinuria had voiding cystourethrograms performed approximately two years after transplantation. In our population, VUR was infrequent (8%). Moreover, in the three of the four cases detected renal function has not deteriorated and three of the four do not have marked proteinuria. We cannot confirm the suggestion that VUR is a frequent cause of late renal allograft failure. PMID- 6996881 TI - Gastrin levels in chronic renal failure, hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. AB - Basal serum gastrin levels have been studied in chronic renal failure (CRF), hemodialysis (MHDT) and renal transplant patients. There was no significant difference between the levels in CRF and controls and between anephric and nephric MHDT patients. However, levels in transplant patients were lower than those in the other groups. There was no relationship between fasting gastrin levels and peptic ulceration in any of the groups studied. It is doubtful whether basal gastrin estimations are of much value in management of these patients. PMID- 6996882 TI - Methodologic problems in the use of atrial pacing studies for the assessment of A V conduction. PMID- 6996883 TI - Ultrasound as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of popliteal swelling. AB - Ultrasound (US), because of its ability to distinguish cystic from solid tissue, is an ideal tool for diagnosing masses in the popliteal fossa. Five cases are presented. Two cases show the typical ultrasound images in the most common popliteal mass, a cyst. A third case significantly points out the necessity of further investigations if the US findings are atypical of a simple cyst and the patient is symptomatic. A fourth case demonstrates that the US image can distinguish an aneurysm of the popliteal artery from a cyst. A fifth case demonstrates that a solid tumor in the popliteal fossa, in contrast to that of a cyst, has a characteristic US image. Ultrasound is a simple, quick, noninvasive outpatient procedure available to almost every physician. In most instances, US appears to be the diagnostic procedure of choice following conventional radiography in the evaluation of swelling in the popliteal fossa. PMID- 6996884 TI - The classic. Concerning traumatic malacia of the lunate and its consequences: degeneration and compression fractures. Privatdozent Dr. Robert Kienbock. PMID- 6996885 TI - Post-traumatic carpal instability. AB - A classification of the subtle patterns of carpal instability, exclusive of major carpal fractures, dislocations and fracture dislocations is proposed. This classification is based on a modification of Navarro's concept of the carpus; it is composed of 3 vertical longitudinal columns: lateral (scaphoid); central (lunate and distal carpal row); medial (triquetrum). Carpal dissociations may occur between the lateral and central columns (lateral instability), within the central column (central instability), between the central column and the triquetrum (medial instability), and between the entire carpus and the distal radioulnar articular surface (proximal instability). Lateral carpal instabilities are further subdivided according to the different components of the central column that articulate with the scaphoid. Therefore, 3 main lateral patterns may be identified: scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid subluxation; scaphoid-capitate diastasis; scaphoid-lunate dissociation. An example of central instability is presented to illustrate this particular type of carpal dissociation. Medial, or lunate-triquetrum instability, is believed responsible for the volar-flexed intercalated segment instability pattern, in which the lunate collapses into a volar-flexed position and there is longitudinal "crumpling" of the radiocarpal link. Proximal carpal or radiocarpal instability may occur in an ulnar (ulnar translocation), dorsal (dorsal subluxation), or volar direction (volar subluxation). It is usually associated with loss of the anatomic alignment of the distal radius. PMID- 6996886 TI - Fractures of the scaphoid: a rational approach to management. AB - Fractures of the scaphoid can be classified into either undisplaced, stable fractures or displaced, unstable fractures by their roentgenographic appearance. When there is greater than 1 mm of fracture offset or an instability collapse pattern (dorsal lunate rotation) on the lateral view, an unstable, displaced fracture is present. When doubt exists after reviewing routine films, special X rays, such as radial-ulnar deviation stress views, traction oblique views, or trispiral tomography should be obtained. In acute scaphoid fractures, where no displacement of the fracture fragments or lunate dorsal tilting can be seen, a short-arm thumb spica cast provides satisfactory support for fracture union. A wrist position of volar flexion-radial deviation is preferred to the more traditional positions of wrist extension with radial deviation or wrist extension with ulnar deviation with 100% union rate and no malunions. In displaced scaphoid fractures, a long-arm cast is recommended, with reduction of the fracture by wrist flexion and radial deviation. If accurate reduction is not obtained or is lost during the course of treatment, open reduction and internal fixation should be strongly considered. In scaphoid nonunions, undisplaced fractures can be treated satisfactorily by an inlay bone graft, using either a dorsal or a volar approach. For displaced scaphoid nonunions, either a dorsal approach with internal fixation should be done (particularly if there is evidence of radioscaphoid arthrosis), or a volar approach with internal fixation can be performed. Peg graft techniques had a higher rate of nonunion and secondary arthritis. Nonunions should be immobilized a minimum of 4 months or until roentgenographic union is present. PMID- 6996887 TI - Biliary excretion of Tc-99m-glucoheptonate in poor renal function. PMID- 6996888 TI - Complications of renal transplantation: appearances using Tc-99m-DTPA. AB - Dynamic renal imaging has now become an essential part of the management of patients with renal transplants. In this study of over 2900 renal transplant scans, the authors have produced a compendium of the abnormal appearances that they have encountered. Apart from the most commonly seen complications, those of acute tubular necrosis and rejection, we now recognize many different complications. These can be classified as urinary (e.g., leaks and obstruction), vascular (e.g., hematomas and infarcts), or a miscellaneous group that includes lymphoceles. Many of these may cause problems in scan interpretation by masquerading as episodes of rejection. Recognition of these patterns can prevent patients from receiving unnecessary antirejection therapy and also enable the physician to ask for the correct investigation in reaching an accurate diagnosis. PMID- 6996889 TI - Atlas of pediatric nuclear cardiology: part II. AB - Cardiovascular nuclear medicine is an extremely useful clinical tool. The full potential of nuclear techniques in pediatrics has only recently been realized. Depending on the child's problem, one may choose to perform qualitative radionuclide angiography, first-pass studies, gated blood pool studies, myocardial perfusion imaging, particle imaging, or a combination of these studies. The examinations are sensitive, noninvasive, accurate, and available on the clinical level. PMID- 6996891 TI - "Acquired" congenital diaphragmatic hernia following early onset group B streptococcal pneumonia. AB - A newborn baby who presented with neonatal pneumonia due to group B streptococcus and who required artificial ventilation is described. After the infant was weaned from the respirator, increasing respiratory distress led to the diagnosis of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 6996890 TI - The influence of renal function on plasma concentration, urinary excretion and antihypertensive effect of guanfacine. AB - 18 hypertensive patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 3.8 and 113ml/min received guanfacine as single intravenous and multiple oral dose treatment. Mean plasma concentrations of guanfacine on the fifth day or oral treatment ranged from 6.5 to 8.6ng/ml in patients with normal renal function (GFR > 90ml/min), as well as in those with a moderate degree of renal impairment (GFR 30 to 10ml/min) and in uraemic patients (GFR < 10ml/min). During guanfacine treatment plasma concentrations and fall in blood pressure did not differ in a statistically significant fashion among patients with varying degrees of renal function. Independent of renal function, in all investigated patients the elimination rate constant obtained from serum and urine values were close to 0.05h-1. Mean half-life of guanfacine was calculated to be 14h. The cumulative urinary excretion up to 48h fell from 57% in patients with normal renal function to 7.5% in uraemic patients. Thus, non-renal excretion plays an importat role in patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 6996892 TI - Editorial comment on "acquired congenital diaphragmatic hernia". PMID- 6996893 TI - Unusual aspects of Salmonella meningitis. AB - Two cases of salmonella meningitis that demonstrate unusual clinical and epidemiologic features are reported. The first case was a two-month-old infant with relapsing salmonella meningitis in whom ECHO 2 virus and S. enteritidis grew in mixed culture from cerebrospinal fluid. The second case was a five-month-old with typhoid meningitis. Although this patient eventually responded to chloramphenical, repeated CSF cultures grew S. typhi despite his receiving high dose parenteral therapy with ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Stool cultures disclosed that the patient's mother was an asymptomatic carrier of S. typhi. Nine days after the positive stool culture, the mother developed S. typhi bacteremia. PMID- 6996894 TI - Ambulatory diabetes management with pulsed subcutaneous insulin using a portable pump. AB - A portable pump, programmed to administer intermittent pulses of insulin subcutaneously, supplemented by premeal boluses, was used by 8 patients for periods up to 12 months. Two boys, 11 and 16 years of age, sought improved growth; four young adults age 19 to 26 years desired normalization of metabolism to forestall microvascular complications already manifest; a 14-year-old girl had been incapacitated by unstable diabetes and a 26-year-old woman had been unable to attain sufficient control to gain weight without developing hypoglycemia. Maximal possible control with conventional insulin administration was attempted prior to pump use and such control was measured by glycohemoglobin (HgbA1) percentage and urine and blood sugar levels during a 24-hour period and compared with control with pump use. All initially had marked reduction in 24-hour urine volume (mean 3.3 L +/- .4 SEM to 1.4 +/- 0.2), urine glucose (mean 198 g +/- 81 to 14 +/- 4) and glycemia (mean 258 mg/dl +/- 29 to 133 +/- 12). HgbA1% declined markedly in all but the 14-year-old girl over the first weeks and reached normal or near normal levels in three patients. Four patients continued to use the pump after 3.5 to 12 months because of improved sense of well being, weight control, and in one, marked reduction in proteinuria. Both boys had a doubling of growth pace. Four patients are no longer using the pump after 3 to 8 months because of inconvenience, manipulation with intermittent usage, intolerance of normoglycemia, or overzealous control attempts with dangerous hypoglycemia. Pump use may permit the attainment of levels of control previously not possible, but is extremely demanding for patients and health personnel and must remain an experimental method in carefully selected and monitored patients. PMID- 6996896 TI - Comparison of oral indacrinone with furosemide. AB - The oral dose response and time course of action of indacrinone was compared with that of furosemide in six healthy men on a sodium and potassium-controlled diet. The single doses were 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg indacrinone and 20, 40, and 80 mg furosemide. Diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic effects revealed that indacrinone was more potent, had a longer duration of action, and induced a greater sodium for equivalent potassium loss during its period of peak activity than furosemide. During the 8 hr after drug, all doses of indacrinone decreased serum uric acid levels and increased uric acid clearance while furosemide generally increased serum uric acid and decreased uric acid clearance. After 24 hr, serum uric acid and uric acid clearance were the same for the two drugs. A rise in plasma renin activity was observed 2 hr after an 80-mg dose of furosemide but not after indacrinone. PMID- 6996895 TI - Long-term effects of captopril in hypertension. AB - Captopril was given for treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with diuretics to 32 patients for 1- to 4-mo periods. The decrement of mean blood pressure after 1 and 2 mo correlated with pretreatment plasma renin activity (PRA) and the response of blood pressure to infusion of an angiotensin II antagonist. These correlations were no longer apparent after 4 mo of treatment. When subjects with a decrement of mean blood pressure that exceeded 13 mm Hg were compared with nonresponders, responders not only had higher control PRA and higher PRA at 1 mo of treatment, but also had decreased plasma aldosterone levels, decreased urinary aldosterone excretion, and increased serum postassium levels that persisted over the 4 mo of observation. The reduction of plasma aldosterone correlated with the fall of mean blood pressure. Urinary kallikrein, catecholamines, electrolytes, and endogenous creatinine clearance did not change in response to treatment. These findings indicate that the antihypertenisve activity of captopril on long-term administration probably depends in part on the blockade of angiotensin II, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. PMID- 6996897 TI - Cimetidine blockade of histamine-induced insulin secretion. AB - The effects of an H2-histamine receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on histamine induced changes in plasma levels of insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and glucose was examined in a randomized, double-blind study in six fasted men. The intravenous infusion of histamine at an average rate of 0.13 microgram/kg/min for 20 min caused a rapid rise in plasma insulin levels throughout the infusion period (p < 0.05). Insulin levels rose 23% above baseline after 5 min of infusion and continued to 51% above baseline 10 min after the infusion ended. Cimetidine pretreatment (300 mg intravenously) inhibited histamine-induced insulin secretion by 98% or more at each point during the infusion (p < 0.05), but did not inhibit an effect of histamine to elevate plasma FFA levels. Plasma FFA levels were increased 33% by histamine alone and 41% by histamine when subjects had been pretreated with cimetidine (p < 0.05). Plasma glucose levels were not affected by histamine or cimetidine. These findings demonstrate that histamine is capable of inducing insulin secretion in man at low doses. Blockade of this effect with cimedine suggests that the mechanism of histamine-induced insulin secretion involves the H2-histamine receptor. PMID- 6996898 TI - Effects of clonidine on hormone and substrate responses to hypoglycemia. AB - We have reported that clonidine (CLON) reduces basal norepinephrine (NE) levels but has no effect on basal epinephrine (E) levels. To study the effects of CLON on stimulated NE and E secretion, six normal men received a single dose of CLON followed by induction of hypoglycemia with insulin. Despite the presence of a mean hypolygemic nadir of 44 mg/100 ml, there was no rise in E and NE levels during CLON treatment. To determine the effects of such catecholamine inhibition on the counterregulation of hypoglycemia, additional experiments were performed since the mean glucose nadir during CLON in the initial studies was slightly (9 ml/100 ml) less deep than in controls. When subjects on CLON received higher doses of insulin, gluose responses were identical to control responses; CLON still reduced the 0 to 60-min catecholamine response by 83% (p < 0.02). Glucagon secretion was not impaired, but CLON blunted the early rate of glucose recovery in the first 15 min after the glucose nadir. We conclude that CLON inhibits the catecholamine (but not the glucagon) rise during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Selective inhibiton of catecholamine secretion does not inhibit the glucogan response but leads to definite, although transient, inhibiton of glucose recovery after hypoglycemia. PMID- 6996900 TI - Clearance of particles from the human tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 6996899 TI - Effect of neonatal sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine on reactivity of the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6996902 TI - Flame-retardant chemicals in textiles. PMID- 6996901 TI - Allergic reaction to drugs used topically. PMID- 6996903 TI - Mycotoxins: a review of biological effects and their role in human diseases. PMID- 6996904 TI - Diabetes mellitus: therapeutic guidelines based on a functional classification. PMID- 6996905 TI - A grey level frequency histogram representation of animal cell colonies seen by scattered light. PMID- 6996907 TI - A computer-assisted examination resource. AB - A computer program (MICHELE) has been written to facilitate preparation by medical faculty of reference examination questions based on a 'core curriculum'. Questions may be used by faculty to test student command of coursework and by students at their initiative to assess their progress. Students may also use the program to direct their future studies according to computer-generated suggestions. MICHELE is a medical-instructional, computer-handled evaluation and learning enhancement system which consists of access, executive, author instruction, student and statistics subsystems. These subsystems guarantee security of the data base, generate examinations according to category, difficulty and format (true--false, multiple choice, case history), generate practice sessions for students and student self-tests, and analyze the individual and cumulative results of examination and self-test sessions. The program is directed primarily toward evaluation of performance and instruction in the clinical disciplines; in this setting it is desirable to develop a sequence of unique, equally weighted examinations throughout the academic year and, at the same time, encourage mastery of core material encompassed in the data base. MICHELE is written in CDC FORTRAN IV and utilizes an indexed sequential file organization for the data. PMID- 6996906 TI - Profile of a dictionary compiled from scanning over one million words of surgical pathology narrative text. PMID- 6996908 TI - A review of data, problems, and open questions pertaining to in situ tumor immunity. PMID- 6996910 TI - Immunological stimulation in situ: the acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the induction of tumor immunity. PMID- 6996911 TI - Intraosseous phlebography following allogenic bone transplantation in young buffalo. An experimental study. AB - Intraosseous phlebography is described in normal metatarsal bones of young buffalo and in metatarsal bone with surgical defects grafted with fresh or treated allogenic cortical bone. Venous flow across the bone graft was established earlier and more efficiently with fresh or frozen grafts than with autoclaved or merthiolated grafts. Intraosseous flow across a non-grafted defect was observed early but stasis and delayed drainage were observed later. Intraosseous phlebography can be used in the evaluation of bone graft acceptance. PMID- 6996909 TI - Separation of individual kinds of cells from tumors. PMID- 6996912 TI - Cardiopulmonary parameters during high PEEP in children. AB - There are a few reports of the application of high PEEP (PEEP greater than or equal to 15 cm H2O) infants and children. Data concerning cardiac index (CI), pulmonary venous admixture (Qsp/Qt), and arterial mixed venous oxygen content difference (avDO2) during mechanical ventilation with high PEEP have not been reported. Fourteen infants and children were treated with high levels of PEEP; 8 of these patients were monitored with pulmonary artery catheters. Cardiopulmonary data were obtained from these 8 patients and pulmonary barotrauma data were tabulated from all 14 patients. At highest PEEP, CI = 3.6 +/- 0.6 L/min x M2, avDO2 = 4,45 +/- 0.83 ml/dl and Qsp/Qt = 16.7 +/- 2.1%. One patient experienced severe cardiac depression unresponsive to therapy; it resolved when PEEP was lowered. Pulmonary barotrauma was a frequent complication. Pneumothroax occurred in 6 patients. No patient died from pulmonary barotrauma. We conclude that PEEP greater than or equal to 15 cm H2O can be used in infants and children to decrease Qsp/Qt toward normal; CI and avDO2 can usually be maintained in an acceptable range. Patients should be frequently monitored for pulmonary barotrauma. PMID- 6996913 TI - Asynchronous independent lung ventilation (AILV). AB - A new technique is described for selective lung ventilation of patients with predominantly unilateral pulmonary pathology. Separate ventilators were used to inflate each lung via a double lumen endobronchial tube and no attempt was made to synchronize them. In three of the four cases, there was considerable improvement in respiratory function and radiographic appearance. In no case was there any cardiovascular depression. The use of a new endobronchial tube, the "broncho-cath", suitable for this technique is also described. PMID- 6996914 TI - A simplified method of independent lung ventilation. AB - The authors have developed a new method for independent lung ventilation (ILV). After lung isolation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube, one ventilator with two subunits controls independent lung tidal volume (VT) and PEEP to each lung. A modified bird Mark 2 ventilator serves as a pneumatically powered timer activating two sets of parallel inspiratory-expiratory flow cartridges. Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with PEEP or controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) with PEEP can be provided. This ventilator has been successfully used to treat patients with severe unilateral disease. Desirable qualities include simplicity of operation, availability of parts, and low cost. PMID- 6996915 TI - Nondirectional, lightweight "PEEP" adaptor for the transportaion of critically ill neonates and infants. AB - A lightweight and nondirectional PEEP adaptor for use with a T-piece system is described. It delivers PEEP up to 35 cm H2O at constant levels regardless of changes in the direction of the value. It is suitable for manual ventilation during transportation and is also capable of being used under CPAP conditions. This makes it especially useful in pediatric critical care. PMID- 6996916 TI - The viral diseases of fish: a review through 1978. Part 2: diseases in which a viral etiology is suspected but unproven. PMID- 6996918 TI - Dimorphism in pathogenic fungi. PMID- 6996917 TI - Immunology of leprosy. PMID- 6996919 TI - Granulocyte preservation circa 1980. PMID- 6996920 TI - Cryopreservation of Ficoll-Hypaque isolated human granulocytes. PMID- 6996921 TI - The biochemistry and technology of tea manufacture. AB - This review surveys tea-production technology, chemistry of raw and manufactured tea as well as tea tasting appraisal and chemical analysis of manufactured tea. The paper describes the healthful properties of tea, gives general information on the tea plant and manufactured tea, and presents classification of teas as related to the processing of black green, yellow, and red tea, green pressed tea as well as instant tea and tea dyes. The paper discusses the chemical composition of raw and manufactured tea as well as approaches to the evaluation of tea quality--tea tasting appraisal and chemical analysis. The paper is supplied with the conclusions and references. The section on the healthful properties of tea discusses various aspects of catechin effects--vitamin P, antimicrobial, antioxidative and radioprotective effects. Also described are favorable effects of tea alkaloids--caffeine, theobromine, theophylline that dilatate cerebral vessels and alleviate headaches. The section on the production of different teas (black, green, yellow, red, instant teas, and tea dyes) considers technological methods and biochemical bases of various types of tea manufacture. The role of tea leaf enzymes in the oxidative processes determining the tea quality is discussed in detail. This section also describes the contribution of thermochemical processes into the formation of tea flavor. The compounds dictating tea taste and aroma are discussed, particularly tannins and catechins, volatile oils, nitrogen compounds, and some other substances. PMID- 6996922 TI - Potato glycoalkaloids. AB - This review shall attempt to summarize the significance of glycoalkaloids in potato products. Specific areas that are discussed include the types and distribution of glycoalkaloids identified in potatoes, facts affecting their rates of formation and biosynthesis, control measures to minimize their formation, methods of analysis, and the health implications of such compounds along with their flavor properties. PMID- 6996923 TI - Nonenzyme browning and its effect on protein nutrition. AB - The nonenzyme browning involves the thermal decomposition of sugars, the caramelization, the decomposition of oxi-acids, the so called "Maillard reaction" between amino acids and carbohydrates, the reaction between oxidized fats and proteins, and those alterations which take place by the alkaline treatment of proteins. The Maillard reaction is of secondary importance in the case of foodstuffs and fodders with low carbohydrate contents (meats, meat meal, fish meal). By the heat treatment, the sulphur-containing amino acids of proteins (cystine, methionine) are damaged primarily because of oxidation, but the decrease in the amount of threonine, serine, tryptophan, and lysine is observable too. According to the formation of enzyme resistant cross-links, the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of protein decreases after the heat threatment and the communication with oxidized fats. Besides the amino acids mentioned, the possibility of enzymatic break-off of leucine and isoleucine is reduced too. In the course of the heating of proteins the occurance of racemization has to be considered too (formation of alloisoleucine). The basic mechanism of the reaction between sugars and simple amino acids is already essentially explained: amino acids break off after the formation glycosilamines and Amadori products but they are linked irreversibly to some, partly unsaturated decomposition products of sugars, types of 6 and 3 carbon atoms. The decrease in the biological usability of amino acids starts already with the Amadori products. The reactivity of the single amino acids depends on the number of carbon atoms, on the basicity, and on the polarity of the amino acid molecule. The especially highly reactive amino acids of proteins are (1) the essential lysine (because of its 6-HN2 group), (2) other types of basic amino acids, and (3) trypotphan (because of the lability of the indole ring), methionine, cystine and threonine. In the Maillard reaction of tryptophan the --NH--group of the indole ring is involved too. The Maillard reaction is highly influenced by the pH of foodstuffs or other agents. The reduction of pH which may be performed by the increase of fermentation in the baking industry, lessens the decomposition of lysine and tryptophan in proteins. The raise of pH in basic domain enhances the Maillard reaction up to a maximal value but a decrease may be observed when the pH is raised further on. In foodstuffs and in other solid protein-carbohydrate systems the increase of the moisture content generally enhances the Maillard reaction, the sensibility of the single amino acids to the changes int he moisture content is different. In the case of the alkaline treatment of proteins, we must reckon not only with the decomposition of single amino acids, first of all that of cystine by beta elimination, but with the formation of some amino acid derivatives as lysinoalanine, lanthionine, and in ornithinoalanine too. Presently lysinoalanine is of toxicological importance as proved by experiences on rats... PMID- 6996924 TI - Bananas--physiology and biochemistry of storage and ripening for optimum quality. AB - Bananas (Musa spp.) are a major food crop of the humid tropics, and although edible cultivars are diverse and numerous, most of our knowledge of the physiology and biochemistry of these fruits relates to a few dessert cultivars of the AAA type, mainly of the Cavendish subgroup, which dominate the export trade between tropical and temperate zones. The preclimacteric period of banana fruits after harvest determines their transportability, and its duration is very sensitive to changes in fruit maturity, storage temperature, ethylene concentration, and other factors; progress in measurement and resolution of each of these effects is described. Changes in composition of the ripening fruits, especially in the development of flavor volatiles, are reviewed. Progress in understanding the integration of the biochemical changes controlling ripening in banana fruits is discussed. Recent work on storage, ripening, and factors relating to sensory assessment of fruit quality is discussed for cultivars of Musa types not used in major export trades. PMID- 6996926 TI - Gastrointestinal metabolism and transport of pesticidal carbamates. AB - Published evidence pertaining to gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of pesticidal carbamates will be reviewed. The major body of evidence will come form investigations conducted by the author on N-methylcarbamate pesticides with rats; few investigations directly involving the gastrointestinal system have been reported by other research groups. Results derived from in vitro and isolated in vivo preparations show that pesticidal carbamates are absorbed and metabolized by gastrointestinal tissues. Numerous gastrointestinal metabolites have been separated; some have been identified and their behavior in the gut characterized; these data will be included in the review to the extent they have been published. The absorptive and metabolic capacities of the gastrointestinal system vary from one region to another. The author draws from evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies and proposes the events that occur between carbamate ingestion and the appearance of the compound and/or its metabolites in the portal blood or mesenteric lymph. In this endeavor, the author acknowledges that superimposition of the metabolic precursory substrate-product sequence on the sequential physiologic steps from ingestion to defecation produces a complex situation which is difficult if not impossible to study meaningfully by investigation of one tissue component at a time (i.e., epithelial uptake, epithelial metabolism, mucosal to serosal transport, etc.). PMID- 6996927 TI - The dangers from limited exposure to carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 6996925 TI - Chlorinated phenols: occurrence, toxicity, metabolism, and environmental impact. AB - Pentachlorophenol and the lower chlorinated phenols, tetra- and trichlorophenols, have gained an increasing use as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and precursors in the synthesis of other pesticides since the early 1930s. World-wide production totals about 200,000 tons. Production and use of chlorinated phenols have caused industrial hygiene problems but, otherwise, have not been recognized to create more than limited environmental problems. The introduction of modern analytical techniques, however, has revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of chlorophenols in the environment, and the discovery of chlorinated dimers, such as dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, as impurities in commercial chlorophenol formulations, has made a reevaluation of the chlorinated phenols necessary. The present article reviews recent studies on the toxicity and metabolism in mammals and aquatic organisms and the degradation of the chlorophenols under various conditions in the environment. Finally, the hazards of burning of chlorophenol wastes are discussed, as well as health considerations with regard to humans and the environment. PMID- 6996928 TI - Use of the peripheral dopamine antagonist, domperidone, in the management of gastro-intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. AB - An evaluation was carried out of the effect of domperidone on gastro-intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Ninety-eight patients were included; 32 in an open pilot study and 66 in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Domperidone was taken at a dosage of 10 mg tablets 4-times daily. At the end of the 4-week treatment, symptoms had disappeared or were at least markedly improved in about 80% of the domperidone-treated patients. Significant superiority of domperidone to the placebo was observed for the symptom clusters 'post-prandial flatulence', 'abdominal pain' and 'abnormal bowel habit'. No side effects were reported. PMID- 6996929 TI - A controlled trial of magnesium dithiosalicylate compared with aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The anti-inflammamtory effectiveness and side-effects of magnesium dithiosalicylate were compared to aspirin in a 3-month, parallel, double-blind trial in 40 patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis. The results showed that 3 g magnesium dithiosalicylate daily had anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of 3 g aspirin daily in rheumatoid arthritis. A statistically significant change in morning stiffness, number of tender joints, pain score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed in the magnesium dithiosalicylate group. In the magnesium dithiosalicylate group, 8 patients had to be withdrawn from the trial because of serious side-effects compared to 5 in the aspirin group. Gastro-intestinal intolerance occurred as frequently in both treatment groups. Hypersensitivity to magnesium dithiosalicylate was a serious problem and the reason for withdrawal in 4 cases. The high frequency of side-effects to magnesium dithiosalicylate makes this drug unacceptable for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis at the present time. Further pharmacological studies might reveal new derivatives which are as effective but with less side-effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of magnesium dithiosalicylate resembled that observed with gold and penicillamine. The fact that all these drugs have a sulphhydril group in common is stressed. PMID- 6996932 TI - A controlled evaluation of orally administered aspirin, dipyrone and placebo in patients with post-operative pain. AB - A double-blind controlled trial was carried out in 267 patients with moderate to severe pain following episiotomy to compare the pain relief provided over a 6 hour period by a single oral dose of 500 mg dipyrone, 500 mg aspirin or placebo. The results showed that dipyrone and aspirin were both significantly superior to placebo. Pain relief with dipyrone was already apparent at 30 minutes after drug intake, and was of significantly longer duration than that of aspirin. No side effects were reported. PMID- 6996931 TI - A controlled comparison of dipyrone and paracetamol in post-episiotomy pain. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 299 patients suffering from post-episiotomy pain to compare the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of single doses of 500 mg dipyrone and 500 mg paracetamol. Assessments of pain relief over a 6-hour period showed that dipyrone produced significantly better results than placebo within half an hour of intake and maintained this superiority throughout the 6 hours. It also afforded consistently better pain relief than paracetamol and was significantly more effective at the 6-hour assessment. Side-effects were few and mild. PMID- 6996930 TI - Single daily dose treatment of anxiety with clobazam: a double-blind study versus normal multiple-dose treatment with diazepam. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 45 anxious out-patients to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of clobazam and diazepam. The severity of each patient's symptoms was assessed before, during and at the end of the trial period using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and a note kept of any side-effects. The results showed that a single daily dose of 20 mg clobazam was equally as effective as 5 mg diazepam 3-times daily. Clobazam, however, produced considerably fewer side-effects than diazepam, especially drowsiness. PMID- 6996933 TI - A double-blind comparison of parenteral dipyrone and pethidine in the treatment of post-operative pain. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 100 patients with moderate to severe post operative pain to compare the analgesic effectiveness over a 6-hour period of single intramuscular injections of 2.5 g dipyrone and 100 mg pethidine. Maximum pain relief was seen 2 hours after drug administration in both groups and there was no statistically significant difference in responses. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 6996934 TI - Effect of parenteral dezocine and placebo in cancer pain. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out in 20 hospitalized patients with continuous pain due to cancer to assess the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of a single intramuscular injection of 10 mg dezocine. Subjective assessments of pain, made at hourly intervals over 4 hours, showed that dezocine produces a statistically significant greater and sustained relief of pain than did placebo. Only minor side-effects were reported. PMID- 6996935 TI - Comparison of guanabenz and clonidine in hypertensive patients. AB - The antihypertensive and clinical effects of two centrally acting drugs, guanabenz and clonidine, were compared in a double-blind trial in 29 patients with established hypertension. After a 1-week baseline period and 2 weeks on placebo, patients received treatment with either guanabenz (mean dose 24 mg daily) or clonidine (mean dose 0.45 mg daily) alone for 8 weeks. Both drugs produced equivalent and highly significant (p < 0.001) reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the standing and supine positions. They also reduced significantly the standing and supine pulse rates. Normal orthostatic responses were maintained with both regimens. All but 1 patient in each group reported side effects during active treatment, the most frequent being dry mouth and sedation with each drug. No laboratory or ECG abnormalities related to treatment were observed. PMID- 6996936 TI - Malignant tumors of the uveal tract. AB - This monograph has considered the clinical features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic approaches, treatment and prognosis for primary and secondary tumors of the uveal tract. Tumors metastatic to the uvea are the most common intraocular malignant lesions, although primary uveal melanomas are recognized more frequently clinically. These tumors differ considerably with regard to clinical features and in the recommended approach to systemic evaluation and treatment. The diagnosis and management of such tumors should be a joint effort between the ophthalmologist and other physicians. PMID- 6996937 TI - Comprehensive care for craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 6996938 TI - Transplantation in severe combined immune deficiency. PMID- 6996939 TI - Cosmetic dermatitis. Part II. Reactions to some commonly used preservatives. PMID- 6996941 TI - [Malignant lymphoreticular proliferation in the head and neck region in Hodgkin's pseudogranuloma]. PMID- 6996940 TI - [Morphology of molar teeth in view of their evolutional tendency]. PMID- 6996942 TI - [A case of resection and reconstruction of the mandible]. PMID- 6996943 TI - [2nd anniversary of the death of Jadwiga Szwejkowska, DDS]. PMID- 6996945 TI - [Requirements for prosthetic treatment and dental care for the elderly]. PMID- 6996944 TI - [Dental cosmetics in antiquity]. PMID- 6996946 TI - Effect of an R plasmid on the virulence of a hospital strain of Escherichia coli. AB - The virulence of a multiple antibiotic-resistant isolate of Escherichia coli was compared to that of the same isolate 'cured' of its resistance by acridine orange, and to that of the cured bacteria transformed back to resistance by the plasmid DNA extracted from the original resistant isolate. There were virtually no differences in the mouse LD 50 of these three variants of the same organism. PMID- 6996947 TI - Antibiotic resistance of indole-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Resistance patterns to antibiotics differed markedly between indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Multiple-drug-resistant strains were almost exclusively indole-negative. Ampicillin and kanamycin resistances in the indolepositive strains tested were not transmissible, whereas many of those resistances in the indole-negative strains were transmissible, together with other drug resistances to an Escherichia coli recipient. The substrate profile of the beta-lactamase from the indole-positive strains was fairly different from that of the beta-lactamase mediated by the ampicillin resistance plasmid. PMID- 6996949 TI - [Kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6996948 TI - [Small intestine plication by the Noble method. Critical evaluation with reference to its results]. AB - Based on our own cases (1964-1979) the indications for and the surgical technique of small intestine-plication (Noble-procedure) are discussed. The mean follow-up period was 10.3 years. Utilizing this surgical procedure 87% of 15 patients treated for chronically recurring adhesive ileus experienced good results. These statistics correlate with other publications that propose recurrent adhesive ileus as the 'indicatio causalis' for Noble-procedure. Possible major complications and the problem of symptoms from adhesions occurring or persisting after small intestine-plication are demonstrated with reference to our own cases. PMID- 6996950 TI - [Status of organ transplantation (with the exception of the kidney and liver)]. PMID- 6996951 TI - [Mechanical anastomosis after anterior rectum resection]. PMID- 6996952 TI - [Elective surgery in the management of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6996953 TI - [Free skin transplantation in the maxillo-facial area. Report on 172 cases]. AB - Between 1971 and 1977, in the department of maxillo-facial surgery (University of Tubingen) 160 patients were treated by 172 free skin grafting in the oral and maxillo-facial region. In 140 cases split skin grafts, in 32 cases full-thickness skin grafts were used. The aesthetic and functional results were very good to satisfactory in 98.3% (169 out of 172 grafts), in 1.7% (3 cases) did skin grafting have to be repeated. PMID- 6996954 TI - [Y-V incision of the choledochus following traumatic obstructive jaundice. A case report]. PMID- 6996956 TI - Home monitoring of blood glucose: new approach to management of insulin-dependent diabetic patients in Great Britain. AB - The history of home monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic patients at St. Thomas' Hospital in London is reviewed. Initial successful experience with pregnant diabetic patients was extended to cover those with retinopathy and, subsequently, to all insulin-treated patients. Experience showed overwhelming preference by patients for blood glucose monitoring over urine tests and demonstrated improvement in blood glucose control. Experience in children 13 and older was equally (if not more) enthusiastic as in adults. Self-monitoring revealed many elementary mistakes in insulin therapy, which, when corrected, led to marked improvement in diabetic control with reduced frequency and severity of hypoglycemic attacks. Initial studies were made with Dextrostix and Eyetone. The need for a simple patient-oriented blood glucose machine was identified, and Glucochek was designed to meet it. Evaluation of Glucochek was satisfactory, and it was well liked by patients. It seems likely that blood glucose monitoring will replace urine tests in the majority of diabetic patients. PMID- 6996957 TI - Interpretation of glycosuria in the teenage diabetic patient. AB - More than 700 insulin-dependent diabetic patients of both sexes and all ages have attended an education and stabilization course. Twelve adult females and four adult males were subsequently issued the means to monitor their blood glucose in their homes. Two of the adult females were pregnant, while the other 14 patients had one or more of the following: renal failure, an abnormal renal threshold, diabetic retinopathy, or continued and unexplained instability. A number of children were also issued Ames reflectometers. Eleven out of 13 male patients between the ages of 12 and 18 yr had no special difficulties except for a poor correlation between minor degrees of glycosuria and blood glucose estimations. One youth had a renal threshold of 17 mmol/L, while a recently diagnosed youth had a varying renal threshold. Eleven out of 17 teenage female diabetic patients had no correlation between urinary and blood glucose estimations with an apparant varying renal threshold being common. Four of these patients had a reflectometer on loan for 6--8 wk, but in three there was continued instability. Two others, who had continued use of home monitoring of blood glucose, had normoglycemia upon review. One of these patients had what appeared to be a varying renal threshold while unstable but a normal threshold with diabetic stability. Regardless of the cause of the disparity between blood and uninary glucose estimations, it appears that the unstable teenage female diabetic patient cannot rely upon urinalysis as a guide to insulin dosage. PMID- 6996958 TI - Teaching diabetic ptients about self-management. AB - It takes approximately 20 min to teach a patient how to use Dextrostix reagent strips in conjunction with an Eyetone reflectance meter (or the more recently introduced Glucochek). Blood glucose monitoring is no more difficult or time consuming than conventional urine testing and can be learned and executed by patients of various levels of intelligence. It is important to emphasize the need for an adequate drop of blood and the use of Monolet blood lancets has greatly facilitated this. Emphasis is put on the most useful times to make recordings and the importance of good record-keeping. The more intelligent patients readily learn how to adjust their insulin to improve their blood glucose readings while the less intelligent need help and advice. Experience has shown that no only are blood glucose levels improved but also hypoglycemic episodes are less commmon. PMID- 6996960 TI - Self-monitored blood glucose: the essential biofeedback signal in the diabetic patient's effort to achieve normoglycemia. AB - Seventeen pregnant diabetic women participated in a special outpatient program during which they learned to self-monitor blood glucose (BG) and to vary insulin dosage on the basis of the results. The Ames Eyetone reflectance meter and the Boehringer Reflomat were used for BG analysis. BG was self-monitored at least twice a day, with a 24-h profile once a week. The average mean BG from 220 wk of pregnancy was 101 mg/dl. No macrosomia has been seen in deliveries so far. Delivery has been later than is usual in our hospital. The number of necessary days of hospitalization was reduced by 45, as compared with a previous intensive outpatient program for pregnant diabetic women without self-monitoring. An important element of the program was a weekly group session in which individual experiences were shared and discussed in detail. Patients were enthusiastic about the program. PMID- 6996959 TI - Virtually continuous euglycemia for 5 yr in a labile juvenile-onset diabetic patient under noninvasive closed-loop control. AB - The author, diabetic for 33 yr, has used a novel technique for maintaining blood glucose (BG) in the 60-120 mg/dl range and HbA1c in the 3.95-6.4% range, thereby lowering serum triglycerides from 200+ to 29 mg/dl, cholestrol from 250+ to 130 mg/dl, and insulin dosage from 80 to 25 U/day. BG is patient-monitored six times a day with Dextrostix and Ames Eyetone reflectance colorimeter, modified for battery operation. BG levels over 115 mg/dl are corrected with Regular insulin, 0.5 U for every 15 mg/dl elevation above 100 mg/dl. BG levels below 85 are treated with one glucose tablet (Dextrosol) for every 15 mg/dl below 100 mg/dl. Usual preprandial split insulin doses are: 5 U Regular (R) + 5 U Ultralente (UL) about 50 min prebreakfast, 5R about 50 min prelunch, and 5R + 5UL about 50 min presupper. High protein diet limits carbohydrate to one bread exchange per meal, no simple sugars, no fruits. Caloric distribution is approximately 15% CHO, greater than or equal to 45% PRO, less than or equal to 40% fat. This diet eliminates postprandial BG elevation without the large doses of R that might cause severe hypoglycemia when meals are slightly delayed. Snacks are contraindicated unless covered by additional R. Meals may be skipped or taken at any time provided R is withheld or times as appropriate. Psychological and physiologic improvements experienced by the author and other patients are described. The method is recommended to investigators as a means for testing long term effects of euglycemia on sequellae of insulin-dependent DM in humans. PMID- 6996955 TI - A portable system for continuous intravenous insulin delivery: characteristics and results in diabetic patients. PMID- 6996961 TI - Clinic- rather than self-monitoring of home blood samples: relevance of day-to day variability to decision making. AB - The day-to-day variability of blood glucose concentrations in juvenile diabetes means that it is often more reasonable to aim to achieve a generally good pattern of blood glucose control, rather than regularly to assess the next insulin dose after each blood glucose measurement. This means that immediate assessment by the patient of his blood glucose concentrations is not always necessary. We have investigated control in 22 insulin-requiring diabetic patients by means of a monthly series of four blood samples taken during a day into collector bottles and transported to a laboratory for blood glucose assay. The overall means before breakfast, before lunch, before dinner, and before bed were 6.1, 5.8, 7.3, and 7.2 mmol/L, respectively. In many patients, sufficiently good control can be obtained by this method so that it is not necessary to ask them to measure their own blood glucose concentrations or to ask them to obtain the fairly expensive meters for reading glucose oxidase strips. Control would then probably be best assessed by a series of three daily profiles taken once per month, with, if necessary, the results being discussed with the patient. On the other hand, in more unstable diabetes, home assessment by patients of blood glucose measurements is indicated. PMID- 6996962 TI - Discrepancies between glycosuria and home estimates of blood glucose in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. AB - Glycosuria can be a misleading indicator of blood or plasma glucose levels. Thus glycosuria may be present when blood glucose levels are within the normal fasting or postprandial range, and it may be absent when the blood glucose is distinctly above normal. In such patients the blood glucose must be measured, preferably by the patient, as a guide to insulin and other therapy. However, urine glucose tests are valid indicators in a minority of patients and are essential in all patients for the detection of acetone. PMID- 6996963 TI - Effect of blood glucose control on retinal vascular permeability in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Thirteen patients were instructed in a technique of self-management of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, using multiple home-monitored blood glucose determinations and multiple injections of regular insulin in conjunction with once-daily Ultra Lente insulin. Hemoglobin A1c and quantitative fluorescein fluorophotometry were used to assess blood glucose control and retinal permeability, respectively. In those patients achieving normal blood glucose control, retinal vascular leakage was statistically identical to that of a nondiabetic control population. In those patients less well controlled, retinal permeability did not differ statistically from values observed in a population of insulin-dependent diabetic patients under "standard" control. It is concluded that with "tight" control of blood sugar and normalized A1c hemoglobin, retinal permeability similarly is normalized. PMID- 6996964 TI - Infection and diabetes mellitus. AB - Most physicians believe that diabetic individuals are predisposed to infections and that infection complicates the control of the diabetes. However, only bacteriuria can be documented to occur with increased frequency in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. Although most bacteriuric diabetic patients are asymptomatic, severe infections such as emphysematous pyelonephritis, papillary necrosis, perinephric abscess, and candida pyelonephritis may occur. Tuberculosis, once a proven threat to diabetic individuals, is a less serious problem now that effective screening and chemoprophylaxis programs have been initiated. Several unusual infections such as malignant external otitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and emphysematous cholecystitis occur also exclusively in diabetics. Foot infections are very important in diabetic patients; successful treatment requires accurate assessment of the extent and etiology of the infections and often involves surgery as well as broad antibiotic coverage. The important problem of infection in diabetic patients deserves careful evaluation. Questions such as do diabetic individuals have a higher incidence of infection, why are diabetic patients predisposed to infection, why is necrosis common in several of the infections, what is the course of asymptomatic bacteriuria, who do diabetic patients develop foot infections, and how should foot infections be prevented and treated should be topics of clinical investigation. PMID- 6996965 TI - Generic nonequivalence of insulin syringes. PMID- 6996968 TI - Pectin: an examination in normal subjects. AB - Pectin (10 g) administered to normal subjects with 100 g of glucose did not alter significantly serum concentrations of either glucose or insulin compared with glucose given alone. Pectin given with a mixed meal, however, did reduce the degree of glycemia without significantly altering insulin secretion. Pectin given with meals for 18 days was without effect on either serum glucose or insulin concentrations. PMID- 6996969 TI - Characteristics of glycemic stability. AB - Glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects is characterized by postmeal glucose increases of about 40 mg/dl, peaks at about 45 min, decreases close to antecibal levels 1 h after the peak, and no spontaneous oscillations until the next meal. Diabetes is characterized by progressive loss of glucose homeostasis from stable to unstable, which is directly proportional to loss of insulin secretory reserve. Degree of instability of diabetes in ambulatory subjects within a 24-h period can be expressed as mean amplitude of glycemic excursion of M-value and between two successive 24-h periods as mean of daily differences of blood glucose. Stable diabetic persons have lower values, which are closest to those of nondiabetic persons, and unstable diabetic persons have higher values. The mean diurnal blood glucose level is a measure of glycemic control. The failure to restore glycemic patterns of diabetic to those of nondiabetic persons is largely due to the failure of subcutaneously administered insulin to mimic the pattern of insulinemia of healthy subjects. PMID- 6996967 TI - Influence of smoking on insulin requirement and metbolic status in diabetes mellitus. AB - This study was performed in order to examine the influence of tobacco smoking on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and microangiopathy in diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine. Among 163 adult insulin-treated patients 114 smoked daily (smokers). Compared with nonsmokers, smokers had on the average a 15--20% higher insulin requirement (P < 0.001) and serum triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05), increasing to a 30% rise in heavy smokers (P < 0.01). The degree of retinopathy was equal in the two groups, as was the average creatinine clearance [99 +/- 2 (mean +/- 1 SEM) versus 101 +/- 4 ml/min in smokers compared with nonsmokers]. Smokers and nonsmokers were comparable regarding sex ratio, age at diabetic onset, duration of diabetes, residual beta-cell function, fasting hyperglycemia, and glycosuria. Evidently, tobacco smoking represents a strain on both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6996966 TI - The effect of transition from traditional to urban life-style on the insulin secretory response in Australian Aborigines. AB - Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed a high prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes in certain populations that have undergone comparatively rapid urbanization. There is evidence suggesting that Australian Aborigines may respond to urbanization in this way. Thirteen full-blood Aborigines from the Mowanjum Community, Derby, Western Australia, cooperated in the present study. They spent 3 mo living in their traditional hunter-gatherer life-style, after which their insulin response to glucose was measured in a starch tolerance test. The findings were compared in follow-up studies conducted 3 mo after returning to their urban environment. Similar studies were conducted in Caucasians of comparable age and weight. Fasting glucose concentrations were lower in Aborigines than in Caucasians and were unaffected by life-style changes. Although basal insulin levels were similar in the three groups, there were striking intergroup differences in the insulin responses to glucose. The areas under the insulin curves in the first hour after starch ingestion were: urban Aborigines 4478 +/- 465 microU/ml-1/min, traditional Aborigines 2959 +/- 301 microU/ml-1/min, and Caucasians 2097 +/- 224 microU/ml-1/min. This appeared to reflect differences in the early rates of change of glucose concentrations. The data suggest that these Aborigines have an abnormally high insulin response to glucose, which is ameliorated, but not normalized, by reverting to their traditional life-style. PMID- 6996970 TI - Management of the pregnant, insulin-dependent diabetic woman. AB - An intensive care program was offered to all insulin-dependent, pregnant diabetic women who presented to The New York Hospital Obstetrical Clinic in their eighth week or less of gestation. The patients were hospitalized for 1 wk to normalize their blood glucose and to teach the technique of self-monitored glucose determination, diet and exchange lists, and the method to titrate insulin according to the blood glucose determination. The mean blood glucose for the first 10 patients accepted to the program was 169 mg/dl at the start of the program with a mean hemoglobin A1c of 9.4% for the group (normal < 5.5%) and glucosuria up to 50 g/24 h. After discharge, mean glucose was 91 mg/dl, and urinary glucose excretion was 1.4 g/24 h. HbA1c fell into the normal range 5 wk after normoglycemia was achieved (3.4%) (nl < 5.5%). Normoglycemia was maintained as outpatients until 3 wk before delivery when the patients were readmitted for tests of fetal well-being. Mean weight gain for the mothers was 12.2 kg. Mean glucose at delivery was 87 mg/dl and HbA1c was 3%. Hormonal profiles (hCG, hPRL, estrogens, progesterone, hPL) normalized after normoglycemia was achieved and remained normal until delivery. Mean gestational age at time of delivery was 38.8 wk with a mean infant birth weight of 2988 g. No infant manifested hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, erythremia, or respiratory disease. The use of self-monitored blood glucose allows for optimal care of the insulin-dependent, pregnant diabetic woman while she remains at home with her family. PMID- 6996971 TI - Blood glucose control during pregnancy. AB - Pregnant diabetic women represent a unique category of patient in whom diabetic control is most desirable, since even minor degrees of hyperglycemia have adverse effects on the conceptus. In 18 insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women (White Class B, N = 4; C, N = 5; D, N = 7; and R, N =2), we have utilized a therapeutic program consisting of intensive patient education, a multiple-component insulin regimen (two to four injections daily), careful dietary control, and meticulous balancing of food, activity, and insulin dosage, monitoring such balance with patient-determined blood glucose measurements four to seven times daily using the Dextrostix/Eyetone system. Our goals for blood glucose management have been to attain fasting levels of 60-90 mg/dl, preprandial levels less than 105 mg/dl, and postprandial levels less than 120 mg/dl, in the absence of significant hypoglycemia. We have been able to attain these goals for most of the period of monitoring in the majority of these patients, while in the others we have achieved marked improvement in diabetic control, although we did not consistently attain our goals. Despite this, there was not infrequent neonatal morbidity, including a 33% frequency of macrosomia, an 11% frequency of significant hypoglycemia, and a 22% frequency of congenital malformation. Nevertheless, all infants survived and are generally healthy, whereas only 38% of 21 previous pregnancies in these same women have eventuated in living offspring. Thus, although further refinement is clearly indicated, it appears that our approach has resulted in improved pregnancy outcome. Patient self-monitoring of blood glucose is a procedure that is relatively simple, practical, acceptable to patients, and facilitates the attainment of glycemic control. PMID- 6996972 TI - Pregnancy complicating ambulatory patient management of diabetes. AB - Two groups of patients are summarized. The first group demonstrates contemporary perinatal outcome using a predominantly outpatient management plan. The second group demonstrates extension of the outpatient management using a reflectance meter for in-the-home blood glucose assessments. The financial savings of outpatient management is emphasized. PMID- 6996973 TI - Self-management: an approach to patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Patients have been shown to be able to monitor their blood glucose and administer insulin to optimize and normalize blood glucose levels. There are now three reflectance meters available whose measurements correlate well with laboratory measurement of blood glucose, with a correlation coefficient between 0.92 and 0.97. A stepwise approach toward blood glucose control has been found to be most valuable. The initial phase of the program involves patients performing blood glucose measurements before and 1 h after each meal, in addition to times when patients feel hypo- or hyperglycemic. This phase of the program demonstrates the vagaries of glucose control and emphasizes to the patients the dichotomy between symptoms and actual glucose levels. The patient is also taught during this period the risk factors associated with hyperglycemia that may contribute to vascular disease in the future. Subsequently, insulin is adjusted so that patients are given an insulin regimen that will coordinate peaks of insulin with peaks of blood glucose associated with a meal pattern. Patients are taught by health professionals and in a group setting to calibrate insulin calories and exercise depending on blood glucose readings. Such a program is received enthusiastically by patients and physicians. The major disadvantage lies in the cost of the meter and the reagent strips. Nevertheless, such programs may be cost effective because of the avoidance of diabetes-related hospitalizations. PMID- 6996974 TI - Parameters of good control in diabetes mellitus. AB - Optimal control of diabetes should achieve not only euglycemia and normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin but also absence of the reversible concomitants of diabetes such as red cell rigidity, hyperlipidemia, increased capillary permeability, enlargement of the kidneys, proteinuria, etc. Unfortunately, in most patients consistent euglycemia cannot be assured even with two daily injections of insulin. However, self-measurement of blood glucose as a guide to insulin taken before each meal and at bedtime can, in selected patients, increase the frequency of normal glucose levels without undue hypoglycemia. PMID- 6996975 TI - Normalization of plasma insulin profiles in diabetic subjects with programmed insulin delivery. AB - Normalization of plasma glucose concentration with subcutaneous injections of insulin has been difficult. With intravenous insulin delivery, normalization of plasma glucose concentration in adult-onset diabetic patients has been achieved when their plasma insulin concentration was normalized. In juvenile-onset diabetic subjects totally lacking endogenous insulin, the effect of normalization of the plasma insulin concentration has not yet been reported. In the present studies, the plasma insulin profile was normalized in four brittle, insulin dependent diabetic subjects throughout three meals (breakfast, lunch, and supper). Plasma free insulin concentration was assayed after precipitation of endogenous insulin antibodies with polyethylene glycol. Acute meal-related increases in plasma free insulin concentration were achieved with a programmable intravenous insulin delivery system. When plasma insulin profiles were normalized in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects lacking endogenous insulin secretion, an improvement in meal-related glucose excursions was observed. However, complete normalization of plasma glucose concentration was not achieved, suggesting that factors other than plasma insulin concentration modulate carbohydrate homeostasis in brittle diabetes. These factors may include portal vein hypoinsulinemia during peripheral vein insulin infusion, stress hormone concentrations, and tissue insulin resistance. PMID- 6996976 TI - Ophthalmological complications of haemodialysis and kidney transplantation. PMID- 6996977 TI - [Ribonuclease activity linked to the colicinogenic plasmid Col V-K 30]. PMID- 6996978 TI - Potential ocular complications of psoralen-UV-A therapy. AB - During the last decade, psoralens have become increasingly popular in treating psoriasis. The well known photosensitizing action of these drugs has led to concern regarding potential ocular complications, particularly in patients receiving prolonged psoralen therapy. We have demonstrated that this drug can be found in humans and rat lenses and that its presence can lead to a photosensitized enhancement of lenticular fluorescence and phosphorescence. At higher doses, cataracts will develop in experimental animals. We have demonstrated that photoaddition products are generated with certain aromatic amino acid residues in the lens proteins (particularly tryptophan) as well as with the pyrimidine bases of DNA, resulting in the permanent retention of this compound within the ocular lens. Free 8-MOP can also be detected in human lenses for at least 12 h following oral ingestion. When the lens is kept in the dark, the free 8-MOP diffuses out within 12--24 hr. Thus it is possible to prevent photochemical reactions by avoiding exposure to ambient light for 12--24 h following ingestion of the drug. Special glasses, capable of reflecting all UV radiation (up to 400 nm) while completely transmitting the visible radiation (400 -750 nm), may also protect the patient. PMID- 6996979 TI - [Recent findings in the field of humoral immunology in syphilis]. AB - Investigations on 404742 sera by the Automated Micro-Haemagglutination Assay with Treponema pallidum Antigen (AMHA-TP) and the VDRL-test for screening revealed 9848 (2,43%) reactive results in one of the two or in both methods. All reactive samples were checked by the FTA-ABS-test. A reactivity in both, the AMHA-TP and the FTA-ABS indicates a former infection with Treponema pallidum. The VDRL failed to point out reactivity in 4226 of 7474 sera (56,5%) deriving from syphilitic donors. The agglutination in the AMHA-TP can be inhibited by a protein of low molecular weight which occurs appearently in extraordinarily rare cases and was found in one sample only until now. The margin of error of the screening procedure by using the AMHA-TP and the VDRL amounts to 0,04%-0,38% of all samples examined. PMID- 6996980 TI - [Low dose thrombolytic treatment for revascularisation in arterial occlusion (author's transl)]. AB - Acute and subacute arterial occlusions of between 4.5 and 29 cm long could be dissolved in 11 patients by infiltration of small amounts (4000 to 110 000 U) of streptokinase or urokinase directly into the thrombus using a catheter. Use of a Gruntzig catheter enabled dilatation of possible stenoses during the same session. In 3 femoro-popliteal obliterations where lysis and catheter dilatation did not lead to sufficiently patent lumina occlusion recurred. In 3 patients with wide-ranging obliteration of the femoral, popliteal and almost all the arteries of the calf almost complete revascularisation could be achieved. Only transient slight side effects of lysis and coagulation disturbances were observed systemically. For prophylaxis of reobliteration platelet aggregation inhibitors are given for pre- and long-term aftercare. PMID- 6996982 TI - [Rubella screening using the haemolysis-in-gel test from dried newborn blood on filter paper (author's transl)]. AB - Dried whole blood of newborn infants on filter paper which is generally used for screening investigations for inborn errors of metabolism has been found suitable in a pilot study for demonstration of rubella antibodies. Investigation of 2522 newborn blood samples using the haemolysis-in-gel test showed lack of rubella specific antibodies of the IgG type in 236 cases. This indicates that 9.3% of mothers had no immunity against rubella. Inclusion of the test into existing newborn screening programmes would permit selective immunisations in the lying in period, discovery of rubella infections within the first months of pregnancy, and permit epidemiological studies. Financial and organisational requirements would be minimal. A considerable improvement in current rubella prophylaxis could thus be achieved. PMID- 6996981 TI - [Epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary calculi]. PMID- 6996983 TI - [Surgical therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6996984 TI - [Chronic insulin overdosage in adult diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 out of 51 maladjusted diabetics treated with insulin chronic insulin overdosage could be established as the reason. Increasing insulin requirements, avid hunger, profuse sweating, vertigo and emotional lability as well as grossly variable glucosuria are evidence of insulin overdosage. Treatment consists of low reduction of daily insulin dosage. PMID- 6996985 TI - [Development of new substances in oncology. Many problems and some answers]. PMID- 6996986 TI - [Duration of effectiveness of clonidine-depot: a double-blind trial (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen patients with chronic hypertension (grade I-II WHO classification) who had been successfully treated with clonidine (Catapresan Depot Perlongetten), received a placebo capsule on the second, third or fourth day of a five-day trial period. The placebo day was chosen at random. During the test period blood pressure and heart rate were measured daily once by the doctor and three times by the patient himself. There were no demonstrable changes in blood pressure or heart rate either on the placebo day or on the day after which exceeded the chance variations on the other three trial days. None of the patients had withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 6996987 TI - [Acute therapy of non-cardial pulmonary edemas. General measurements]. PMID- 6996988 TI - [Successful bone-marrow transplantation after eleven years (author's transl)]. AB - Bone-marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia was performed in a 14 year-old boy in 1969. The transplanted marrow was not HLA identical: there was HLA-D incompatibility between the female donor and the recipient. The patient had had several blood transfusions and one course of cytostatic conditioning before the transplantation. Six years later he had carcinoma of the colon which was completely removed at surgery. Ten years after transplantation, chimaerism was demonstrated in the recipient who was then haematologically and clinically healthy and in full employment. The bone-marrow transplantation can thus be considered as successful. PMID- 6996989 TI - [Aphakia compensation using implant lenses]. PMID- 6996990 TI - [Study of history of medicine]. PMID- 6996991 TI - [Endotoxinaemia in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - 23 patients with liver cirrhosis of diverse etiology and of different activity levels and grades of compensation of the portal circulation were examined with regard to the systemic endotoxinaemia. The endotoxin was determined using the Limulus-Amoebocyte-Lysat-test. Endotoxin was traceable in the venous blood of 7 out of 23 patients (= 30,4%). No relation was found between endotoxaemia and the activity or grade of severity of liver cirrhosis; nor were there any accumulation of endotoxinaemia in patients with collateral circulation or portal decompensation. Consequently, as a result of our findings, the prognostic value of the symptom endotoxinaemia remains debatable, then endotoxinaemia does not always mean endotoxicosis. Particularly high immunoglobulin concentration and low albumin values in serum of endotoxin-positive cirrhotics indicate a "spillovet" of antigen substances and also of endotoxines in the body circulation resulting from insufficiency of the liver-RHS. Parallel analysis of microbian small bowel flora in 10 patients indicate that coli-dysbiosis appears to play a role in the development of systemic endoxinaemia, although the latter was also traceable in borderline cases of eubiosis/dysbiosis. Our findings strengthen the view that it is not possible to simply translate the findings in animals on to human liver diseases. Quite a number of the mechanisms being discussed are still with uncleared details and they give only a blurred picture of the pathophysiology of endotoxinaemia. PMID- 6996992 TI - [Simple closure or stomach resection in perforated gastroduodenal ulcers (author's transl)]. AB - 301 cases with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers are reported. The rate of primary stomach resection was 64%. The total letality amounted to 13.6%, after primary stomach resection 4.1%, after simple closure 31%. Both procedures are corresponding methods. Primary stomach resection is able to treat gastroduodenal ulcer definitively. Reserve with primary stomach resection is indicated in patients older than 60 years of age and times of perforation more than 12 hours. PMID- 6996993 TI - [Horseshoe-shaped osteotomy with bone interposition in order to raise the maxillary crest. An operating method stopped after the experiment]. AB - An attempt was made to systematize a maxillary osteotomy to raise the maxilla using ten macerated skulls and two fresh cadavers with endentulous astrophied maxillas. The splayed vestibulum of the maxilla was depressed, and the flat palatine vault was arched. The complication rate in the experiment was so high that this operation must be rejected. PMID- 6996994 TI - [Animal experimental studies on bone regeneration after the implantation of heteroplastic materials]. AB - The healing of standardized bony defects in the region of the mandible following implantation of various heterologous bony components was controlled in animal experiments via polychromatic sequential labeling. The implant of gelatin foam did not accelerate healing. The combination of gelatin and solcoseryl led to accelerated mineralization in the marginal area. Mature collagen affected rapid healing of the bony defect, as did the implantation of a combination of Solcoseryl and bone meal. PMID- 6996996 TI - [Tissue substitution in experimental oral surgery from a general viewpoint of pathology]. AB - In experimental maxillo-facial surgery the replacement of large pieces of bone as a substitute for tissue is of special practical interest. The various possibilities of the interaction and connection between transplants and alloplastic implants in the surgical bed especially in bone are demonstrated under the aspects of general pathology and some proposals are given for a more precise terminology in this field. The application of dynamic load to implants is shown to be a leading factor for the development of the special biotechnical structure of a neoperiodontal ligament during the regeneration of tissue in the case of the dental rod implant. Stimulation is given for the improvement and development of better allopastic implant materials yielding to a durable connection between bone and implant. PMID- 6996997 TI - [Free transplantation of thick grafts of skin-adipose tissue with microsurgical blood vessel connections in the rat]. AB - Reliable anastomosis of the smallest vessels up to an external diameter of 0.5 mm is possible today through the introduction of the operating microscope and a special microsurgical technique for angiorrhaphy. We carried out a model experiment for free skin-flap transplantation using rats, whereby skin-fat flaps from the groin were transplanted on the thorax of the animals. The vascularization was re-established by end-to-side anastomosis of the epigastric artery and vein with the common carotid artery and the jugular vein. The rate of success for our experimental series of 12 free skin transplants was 83%. PMID- 6996995 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the healing of pressure-stabilized free bone grafts in the mandible]. PMID- 6996998 TI - [The vascular microsuture in animal experiments--ultrastructural studies on endothelial regeneration]. PMID- 6996999 TI - [Contact microradiography of bone sections with various radiation properties]. AB - A comparative evaluation of contact micrographs from microtome sections of nondecalcified bony tissue, exposed with bremsstrahlung (6 kv) and with titan-k alpha radiation (6, 10 kv), filtered and unfiltered, was made on the basis of microphotograms. Only minimal differences in quality could be established which were of questionable significance. Optimal microradiographs therefore can be produced with Ti-k-alpha radiation. For practical purposes, the method is superior to other radiation qualities because of the short exposure time. PMID- 6997000 TI - [The duty to inform the dentist's viewpoint]. AB - The legal principles involved with patient information were described from a medicolegal point of view, and practical examples (lingual anesthesia, mandibular anesthesia, rsults of detaching the labial frenum, pulpal devitalization under bridges, damage claims for incorrect treatment) were presented. The court decisions were discussed. PMID- 6997002 TI - [The validity of dentoscopic identification dependent on comparative odontographs]. AB - The validity of dentoscopy as a method of identification is high. It is all the more important in those instances in which the corpse is otherwise unidentificable. Even with the rejection of the necessity of identificaiton, exact documentation of postmortem findings to improve the method would be desirable. PMID- 6997001 TI - [The importance of detailed findings within the framework of identification]. AB - Examples were presented to show that oral findings with the many individual characteristis are extremely valuable for the forensic pathologist and may often furnish crucial information for identifying unknown persons. Recording and evaluation of oral findings therefore should be carried out by an experienced dentist who, should the need arise, can also advise the forensic pathologist. Unfortunately, there is little interest at present for these problems in the field of dentistry. PMID- 6997003 TI - [Prosthetic treatments (comparison between 1963 and 1978) and epidemiologic consequences]. AB - The findings of two dissertations, one from 1963 and one from 1977/1978, dealing with the prosthetic care of a large group of clients from the same compulsory health insurance plan were briefly compared with each other. The increase in contracts since 1974 was reflected in the increased utilization of prosthetic therapeutic means, particularly bridges and cast prostheses. On the basis of other comparative figures, it was concluded that the loss of teeth is gradually decreasing, but tooth loss should be determined at 10-year intervals. Both dissertations included other comparative values as well. PMID- 6997004 TI - [Quantitative microbiologic studies of the sulcus fluid in patients with immunodeficiencies]. AB - Quantitative microbiologic examinations of fluid taken from gingival sulci were carried out with patients suffering from chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), i.e. with disturbed immune response, and with healthy subjects. The pathogen count in each case was correlated with the gingival index, the plaque index, the amount of fluid in the gingival sulcus, and the pocket depth. Patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia with gingiva clinically free of inflammation showed one to 20 times more bacterial flora in fluid from the gingival sulcus than fluid from healthy control subjects. The quantitative values tend to equalize only if imflammation is severe. If the pathogen count is considered a function of the amount of plaque or pocket depth, markedly more microorganisms/mm3 of sulcus fluid were found with CLL patients than in the control group. It therefore may be concluded that immunologic reactions contribute decisively to the causation and maintenance of gingivitis with all of its consequences and that these reactions play an important role in the destruction of pathogens found in the region of the gingival pocket. PMID- 6997005 TI - [Evaluation of the ability to wear dental prostheses]. AB - After numerous attempts to provide an endentulous patient with a dental prosthesis had failed, the insurance institution posed the fundamental question of the patient's ability to be fitted with a prosthesis. The personality of the patient in addition to the local findings and the dental prosthesis itself were included in the consideration. PMID- 6997006 TI - [The fitting behavior of rigid free-end prostheses]. AB - In five cases, the embedment of balanced free-end prostheses was monitored quantitatively for a period of several weeks. It could be shown that embedment is time dependent and appears to be concluded only after a period of three weeks. The measured values ranged from 0.2 and 0.3 mm. In most cases, however, the primary embedment occurs within the first four or five days. PMID- 6997007 TI - [Noise-induced hearing loss caused by dental turbines]. AB - Sound level measurements and third octave analyses were carried out to estimate the risk of hearing impairment caused by working the turbine drills. Idling noise of two turbines equipped with ball-bearings and air-bearings respectively and the effects of different burs under varying load conditions in particular were examined. Finally, the background sound level in a great consulting room of a dental clinic at medium activity was looked at. Without any exception the sound levels were situated below 85 dB (A). The sound level exceeded 80 dB in only a few third octave bands; this was the case only with the antiquated ball-bearing turbine. Working with turbine drills requires only a fraction of the total treatment duration, resulting in a very low equivalent sound level. As a consequence a hearing impairment risk may be excluded within the reach of this investigation. PMID- 6997008 TI - [Electrophoretically applied opaque layers]. AB - The objective of this investigation was to find out what the composition of an electrophoretically applied opaque layer looks like. Metal samples were coated manually and electrophoretically with opaque. Density measurements as well as lightmicrographs taken from these specimen showed that the opacifying agents of dental opaques play a very important role within the electrophoretical technique. A study of new application procedures showed that not all opaque porcelains can be processed electrophoretically. PMID- 6997009 TI - [Experimental studies on the accuracy of replicas in the manufacture of crowns from composites]. AB - Various replica models were studied in terms of surface-profile measurements and with scanning electron microscopy in the context of a continuous in vivo study of composite restoration. After taking an impression with a gum-elastic impression material, Araldit replicas, of all models tested, proved to be the most accurate. PMID- 6997010 TI - [The historical development of amalgams]. AB - Since the 7th C and certainly in the 16th C, metal mixtures were used to fill teeth in China and in Germany. Alchemistic symbols and recipes for amalgam are found in medieval texts. The development of this type of filling was influenced by the French and the English in the 18th C. By the 19th C, however, America had became the leader. Thanks to the work of many exceptional dentists and researchers at the turn of the century, amalgam was finally accepted as a filling material. The relevant literature should be consulted for special questions not dealt with here. PMID- 6997011 TI - [The abrasion of composites in the region of the lateral teeth--results after 3 years]. AB - Twenty patients managed with Adaptic, Concise-capsule, Epoxydent, and a dispersion alloy (all class II cavities) were re-examined after three years. Between 20% to 45% of the composite fillings had been replaced in this time period, but only 5% of the amalgam fillings had been renewed. Marginal defects were diagnosed with the probe in 53% to 89% of the composite fillings (amalgam, 21%); marginal discoloration was observed in 61% to 100% of the cases. With the exception of Adaptic (discolorations found in "only" 44% of the cases), all other composite fillings were discolored (100%). The following reduction in tooth structure was noted after a three year period: amalgam, 0 micron +/- 112 micron; Expoxydent, 56 micron +/- 138 micron; Adaptic, 224 micron +/- 151 micron; Concise, 201 micron +/- 93 micron. PMID- 6997013 TI - [Acid etching technic in the mixed dentition]. AB - Clinical experience with defect and filling therapy has been good, even with deciduous teeth, a form of therapy which has not been considered promising because of the "prismless enamel of deciduous teeth". Examination with the scanning electron microscope supported our positive findings. If the aforementioned surface layer is removed mechanically prior to treatment with etching agents, the same retentive etching pattern could be obtained as was found on the remaining teeth. The best results were obtained with a 37% solution of phosphoric acid. PMID- 6997012 TI - [Retention of a plastic incisor crown by means of acid etching or by parapulpal screw-retained pins]. AB - According to our in vitro experiments, a combination of caustic acid and the brush technique with peripulpar screw dowels appears to be the method to be recommended for the optimal plastic build up of anterior teeth. PMID- 6997014 TI - Local antifertility effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) in the rat: mechanism of action. AB - The administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) into one horn of the uterus at 0900 h on D5 of pregnancy produces a 96% reduction in the number of zona-encased blastocysts recovered between 0915 and 1300 h on D5. The number of blastocysts recovered within this time period also decreased; only one blastocyst was recovered from the LRH-treated horn at 1300 h while 26 were flushed from the horns injected with saline. The results of this study suggest that LRH causes a premature disassociation of the zona from the blasocyst allowing early adherence to the uterine wall. This asynchronous attachment results in disruption of the ensuing pregnancy. PMID- 6997015 TI - Depression of leucine and isoproterenol induced insulin secretions in the spontaneously diabetic New Zealand white rabbit. AB - Rabbits were studied from a closed colony of NZW rabbits which exhibits a 19% occurrance of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. Six overtly diabetic rabbits and eight rabbits with normal glucose disposal were tested with intravenous glucose challenge (500 mg/kg), L-leucine administration (125 mg/kg), and 30 minute infusions with isoproterenol (10 microgram/kg/min.). These agents were shown to be ineffective insulin secretogogues in the overtly diabetic group when compared to the highly significant IRI response observed in colony rabbits with normal glucose disposal. The data indicate that the defect in IRI secretion observed in the spontaneously diabetic NZW rabbits is not confined to stimulation by glucose, but represents an abnormal IRI release mechanism which appears to lack secretogogue specificity. PMID- 6997016 TI - Evidence for central nervous system (CNS) involvement in inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release by dopamine receptor stimulation. AB - A pharmacologic study using 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154), a dopamine (DA) receptor agonist, the pimozide, a specific DA receptor antagonist, was undertaken to evaluate effects of manipulation of the DA system on plasma LH levels and on the ability of the pituitary to release LH following LHRH stimulation. Intraveneous administration of CB-154 lowered plasma LH levels in ovariectomized rats. Prior treatment with pimozide blocked the effect of CB-154, supporting dopaminergic system mediation in the observed response. Inhibition of LH release by pharmacologic stimulation of DA receptors did not appear to occur at the level of the pituitary, as pituitary release of LH following LHRH was not altered in CB 154 treated rats. PMID- 6997017 TI - Calcium and pancreatic beta-cell function. IX. Demonstration of lanthanide induced inhibition of insulin secretion independent of modifications in transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes. AB - beta-Cell-rich pancreatic islets were microdissected from noninbred ob/ob-mice and used to examine the mode of action of trivalent lanthanide ions on insulin secretion. La3+, Sm3+, and Tm3+ were equally effective inhibitors of basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release. As indicated by perifusion experiments with Tm3+, the inhibitory action was prompt, sustained, and readily reversible. Despite the similarities among the lanthanides in inhibiting insulin secretion, these cations differed considerably in their ability to impair transmembrane 45Ca fluxes. Using 10 different members of the lanthanide series, it was possible to demonstrate that their effectiveness to inhibit 45Ca uptake increased with ionic radius. La3+ markedly inhibited intracellular uptake and superficial binding of 45Ca at both 3 and 20 mM glucose. However, Tm3+ failed to affect intracellular 45Ca uptake and only reduced superficial binding of 45Ca at 3 mM glucose. In efflux experiments, Tm3+ did not affect basal or glucose-stimulated 45Ca washout from islets perifused with a medium containing 1.28 mM Ca2+. In a Ca2+-deficient medium, Tm3+ caused a slight transient increase, followed by reduction of 45Ca washout. However, when glucose was omitted, there was a prompt increase in the washout of radioactivity in the presence of Tm3+. Accordingly, the potent inhibitory action of Tm3+ on insulin secretion is not matched by changes in transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes. Since the lanthanides do not penetrate intracellularly, we propose the existence of cationic binding sites in the beta cell plasma membrane with direct inhibitory effects on insulin secretion. PMID- 6997018 TI - Radioautographic visualization of in vivo insulin binding to the exocrine pancreas. AB - Two minutes after the iv injection of [125I]insulin, hormone was linked to specific binding sites distributed randomly along the basal and lateral membranes of plasmalemma of pancreatic exocrine cells. The interaction had all of the properties of bona fide binding to a true insulin receptor, and under the described experimental conditions, estimates of receptor densities indicated the exocrine cell plasmalemma to be one of the richest sources of insulin receptors in the male rat. PMID- 6997021 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion is independent of alterations in renin secretion. AB - This study was designed to determine if dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion is mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. In rats, intraarterial administration of metoclopramide (MCP), a dopamine antagonist, resulted in a significant elevation of plasma aldosterone (PA) 5 min after administration and a peak response 10 min after administration. Pretreatment with L-dopa (30 mg/kg) 30 min before administration of MCP suppressed the early PA response to MCP. PRA after MCP showed no change at 5 min but increased significantly at 10 min, with peak responses occurring at 30 min. Preadministration of L-dopa blunted and delayed the PRA response to MCP. Preadministration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14,225 (1 mg/kg), did not inhibit the PA response to MCP. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin (10 micrograms/kg min-1), begun 30 min before MCP, depressed basal levels of PA slightly but did not significantly alter the PA response to MCP. Rats studied 36 h after bilateral nephrectomy displayed intact PA responses to MCP, but there was no PRA response to MCP. The results indicate that dopaminergic modulation of PA secretion occurs independently of alterations in renin secretion. PMID- 6997020 TI - Evidence that catecholaminergic and peptidergic (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) neurons in suprachiasmatic-medial preoptic, medial basal hypothalamus and median eminence are involved in estrogen-negative feedback. AB - A time-course study was performed to correlate serum gonadotropin changes after ovariectomy (OVX) or OVX plus acute estradiol (E2) treatment with LHRH content and norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) content and turnover in the suprachiasmatic-medial preoptic region (SCH-PO), the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), and the median eminence (ME). Rats on diestrous day 1 (D1) were sham operated to serve as controls or were ovariectomized and killed 1, 3, 10, 30, or 60 days after OVX. Catecholamines (CA) were measured by a radioenzymatic isotopic assay. LHRH, LH, and FSH were measured by RIA. CA turnover estimates were obtained after blocking CA synthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Twenty-four hours after OVX, serum FSH rose 3-fold while LH remained unchanged. An abrupt rise in the LHRH content of the ME and MBH (P<0.05) was found, while the LHRH content of the SCH-PO was unaltered. The content of DA in the ME and MBH showed a significant rise at 24 h. A significant increase in DA turnover in the ME was also observed at this time. LH rose slightly 3 days after OVX and increased 7 fold by day 10. The LHRH content of the SCH-PO started to rise by day 3 and reached peak levels by day 10, while in the ME and MBH it declined by day 3 and was significantly lower than D1 levels 10 days after OVX. The DA content of the ME and MBH and the NE content of the ME, MBH, and SCH-PO increased significantly by day 3. NE turnover in the SCH-PO increased significantly by day 3 and stayed elevated at day 10. A similar increment in NE turnover in the ME was observed at day 10. By 30 and 60 days after OVX, serum LH and FSH plateaued, LHRH in the ME and MBH remained significantly lower, SCH-PO LHRH declined to D1 values, and CAs in all areas returned to control levels. The acute negative feedback effect of E2 was evaluated 10 days after OVX by injecting 20 microg E2 benzoate 3 h before sacrifice. After E2 treatment, LH was lowered by 75%, but FSH was unchanged. A significant reduction to D1 levels of the contents of both LHRH and NE in the SCH PO and a significant decrease in NE turnover in the SCH-PO and a significant decrease in NE turnover in the SCH-PO and ME were observed. LHRH levels in other regions were not significantly altered, although levels were already low before estrogen. Surprisingly, DA and NE turnover in the MBH, which had not changed after OVX, were significantly increased after E2 treatment. DA turnover in the SCH-PO was decreased after E2. These results show a temporal relationship between gonadotropin release and LHRH and CA content and turnover in different brain areas, and indicate that the acute negative feedback effect of E2 is mediated, at least in part, through changes in LHRH and NE metabolism in the SCH-PO and ME regions. These results also stress the necessity of studying smaller hypothalamic regions, since changes in the opposite direction in neighboring areas were observed after either OVX or E2 benzoate treatment... PMID- 6997019 TI - Enhanced sensitivity to insulin in rats treated with antibodies to rat growth hormone. AB - Although prolonged treatment with GH can result in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, it is not known whether endogenous GH influences sensitivity to insulin in normal animals. To investigate this possibility, sensitivity to insulin was assessed in chronically cannulated normal rats treated acutely with antiserum to rat GH (ArGH) produced in a rhesus monkey. Controls received equivalent treatment with normal monkey serum. In rats which received a regimen of six pulses of ArGH over a 24-h period, plasma glucose and insulin levels were not different from those in controls. When sensitivity to administered insulin was tested at the end of the 24-h regimen, the fall in plasma glucose was only slightly greater and more prolonged in ArGH-treated rats than in controls. However, a significant increase in sensitivity to insulin was evident in adipose tissue from the ArGH-treated rats as a greater stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin (50 microU/ml). In addition, GH (0.5 micrograms/ml) stimulated glucose oxidation in adipose tissue from the ArGH-treated rats, while tissues from normal monkey serum-treated controls were unresponsive (refractory) to GH. The loss of the typical refractory effect of GH with ArGH treatment indicates that the biological activity of endogenous GH was neutralized. Similar results were obtained in rats treated for 6 or even 3 h with ArGH. These observations indicate that acute treatment with ArGH can neutralize GH activity and enhance sensitivity to insulin in adult rats. Thus, endogenous GH appears to participate in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in normal rats on an hour to hour basis. PMID- 6997022 TI - Stimulatory effect of secretin on pancreatic polypeptide in diabetic patients. AB - In diabetic patients plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) increased four fold after intramuscular injection of secretin (50 CHRU, Eisai Co.) in spite of the lack of response of plasma insulin, plasma glucagon and blood glucose levels. In control subjects, PP levels did not change significantly after secretin injection. Since pancreatic polypeptide has is known to have an inhibitory effect on the exocrine pancreas, the present study suggests the possibility that disturbed function of the exocrine pancreas in diabetic patients could be related to the remarkable response of PP to secretin-stimulation. PMID- 6997023 TI - Islet-cell antibodies and HLA type in Japanese insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Pancreatic islet-cell antibodies (I.C.Ab.) were detected in the sera of 6 of 123 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset, compared with only 2 positive results among the 434 control sera. The prevalence of humoral I.C.Ab. was strongly dependent on the duration of the diabetes, being 4 of 6 I.C.Ab. positive patients during the first year from diagnosis and falling to 2 of 6 I.C.Ab. positive patients at one to three years. Over four years from the time of diagnosis, there was no I.C.Ab. in the sera of the diabetics. Six I.C.Ab. positive in our group of 123 diabetic patients showed no association with any particular B locus antigen or DYT. PMID- 6997024 TI - Normalization of blood glucose in totally pancreatectomized dogs by use of pancreatic chambers. AB - Two pancreatic chambers constructed of plastic tube and ultrafiltration membrane and containing the minced pancreases of five neonatal rats were implanted in the omentum of totally pancreatectomized diabetic dogs. Blood glucose levels in the diabetic dogs leveled off just after operation, in contrast with those in control animals, in which vacant chambers were implanted, and began to decrease about a week after the transplantation. Blood glucose levels fell to less than 150 mg/100 ml within three weeks. The neonatal rat pancreases in the pancreatic chamber produced a near normal plasma glucose and insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test on the 20th day after transplantation. Removal of the pancreatic chamber from the experimental dogs after normalization of blood glucose levels, caused a rapid elevation of blood glucose levels, and lead to death within four days. No rejection reactions were observed in the course of the experiment. These findings suggest that pancreatic transplantation with the pancreatic chamber is potentially useful for the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 6997026 TI - Progress in the methods of endoscopic diagnosis in gastroenterology. PMID- 6997025 TI - Comparison of the effect of electrochemical stimulation of the medial preoptic area and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus upon LH release in ovariectomized and proestrous rats. AB - The effect of electrochemical stimulation of the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) on LH release was compared among long-term ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol benzoate (OVX-E) and proestrous (PE) rats under pentobarital anesthesia. The MPO stimulation failed to facilitate LH release on OVX rats whereas the stimulation increased serum LH levels in both OVX-E and PE rats. The ARC stimulation resulted in an elevation of serum LH in OVX and PE rats. The time course of serum LH elevation after the electrochemical stimulation of the MPO or the ARC was different between OVX-E and PE rats. In PE rats serum LH concentrations began to rise 20-30 min after the stimulation of the MPO or the ARC with peak values obtained around 70 90 min. Serum LH started to elevate immediately with peak values in 10-20 min following the ARC stimulation in OVX rats and the MPO stimulation in OVX-E rats. The time courses for changes in serum LH concentrations following LH-RH administration were similar in OVX and PE rats. From these results, the lack of circadian rhythm in serum LH levels in long-term OVX rats may be due to the inability of the MPO to re- spond to the stimulus generated from circadian pacemaker(s). The cause of the delay observed between the stimulation of the MPO and LH rise in PE rats may not exist in the levels of neural transmission between the MPO and the ARC or the pituitary, but in the level of the mediobasal hypothalamus. PMID- 6997027 TI - Prostaglandins evoke a whole variety of responses in the lung. AB - Rapid intravenous (IV) injections of the prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (AA) increase pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in a variety of species. It has recently been reported that infusions of AA decrease PAP. The purpose of this report is to contrast responses to bolus injections and infusions of AA in the anesthetized dog. In all experiments rapid IV injections of AA increased PAP and PVR; however, infusions of 68 to 680 microgram/min produced variable responses. In 10 of 19 animals, AA infusion decreased PAP and PVR, and this response was enhanced when pulmonary vascular tone was actively increased by vasoconstrictor agents or alveolar hypoxia. In the other nine animals, the predominant response was an increase in PAP and PVR. In all experiments infusions of larger amounts of AA (1.4 to 3.4 mg/min) increased PAP. Both pressor and depressor responses to AA were inhibited to meclofenamate. This study shows that infusion of small amounts of AA dilates or constricts the pulmonary vascular bed. In contrast, infusion of larger amounts of AA always causes vasoconstriction. These data suggest that at low infusion rate, PGI2, which is a vasodilator, is the predominant metabolite formed from AA in some animals. However, at higher concentrations, the production of constrictor products predominates. These experiments also suggest that the products formed and the response observed may be dependent on a number of factors including the amount of tone present in the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 6997028 TI - Response of a phagocyte cell system to products of macrophage breakdown as a probable mechanism of alveolar phagocytosis adaptation to deposition of particles of different cytotoxicity. AB - The adaptation of the alveolar phagocytosis response to the quantitative and qualitative features of dust deposited during inhalation consists not only in enhanced recruitment of alveolar macrophages (AM), but also in adding a more or less pronounced neutrophil leukocyte (NL) recruitment as an auxiliary participant of particle clearance. The NL contribution to clearance is especially typical for response to cytotoxic particles (quartz, in particular). An important feature of the adaptation considered is the limitation of the number of AM and NL recruited when an efficient clearance can be achieved by a lesser number of cells due to increased AM reistance to the damaging actin of phagocytized particles. The main mechanism providing the adequacy of the alveolar phagocytosis response is its self-regulation thrugh the products of macrophage breakdown (PMB). In a series of experiments with intraperitoneal and intratracheal injections of syngenetic PMB into rats and mice, it was shown that these products stimulate respiration and migration of phagocytic cells, their dose-dependent attraction to the site of PMB formation with the predominant NL contribution, increasing with the increase of amount of PMB, the AM and NL precursor cells recruitment from reserve pools, and the replenishment of these reserves in the process of hemopoiesis. At least some of the above effects are connected with the action of the lipid components of PMB. The action of specialized regulative systems of the organism can modify the response to PMB, judging by the results obtained by hydrocortisone injection. Autocontrol of alveolar phagocytosis requires great care in attempts at artificial stimulation of this process, as an excessive cell recruitment may promote the retention of particles in lungs. PMID- 6997030 TI - Interaction between environmental pollutants and respiratory infections. AB - The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments frank toxicological responses are rarely observed. However, exposure to a secondary stress, i.e. respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria, can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. Changes in the resistance to respiratory infections provide a highly sensitive experimental animal model system, which is increasingly used in studies of health effects of air pollutants. This model indicates the impairment of the basic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system by the combined exposure to low concentrations of pollutants and the superimposed bacterial infection. Changes in the resistance to respiratory infections were studied in various species of laboratory animals. S. pyogenes and K. pneumoniae are the bacteria of choice to induce the pulmonary infection. Included in the studies are short-term single and multiple exposures as well as long-term exposures to gaseous pollutants such as O3 and NO2 and particulate pollutants such as sulfates and nitrates. Changes in the resistance are measured as excess mortalities and reduced survival time as compared to those in infected animals not exposed to the pollutants. Other parameters measured ranged from changes in the immune response to changes in retention rates of bacteria in lungs. PMID- 6997031 TI - Murine immunological and histological changes in response to chronic silica exposure. PMID- 6997032 TI - Separation of neutral nitrogen compounds from synthetic crude oils for biological testing. PMID- 6997029 TI - Macrophage damage in relation to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. AB - Pulmonary macrophages are important since their migratory patterns and behavior are often pivotal events in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Alveolar macrophages act to decrease the probability of particle penetration through epithelial barriers, and their phagocytic and lytic potentials provide most of the known bactericadal properties of the lung. Macrophages are also involved in immune responses and in defense against neoplasms. Increased inert or infectious particles stimulate the recruitment of additional macrophages. Most free cells containing particles eventually reach the airways and are quickly carried to the pharynx and swallowed. In addition, evidence has now accumulated that macrophages play a part in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. For example, the ingestion of some particles by macrophages causes a release of lysosomal enzymes into the macrophage cytoplasm. These enzymes may kill the macrophage, and dead or dying macrophages release a substance with attracts fibroblasts that elicit fibrogenic responses. Other toxic particles, such as cigarette smoke, my lead to a release of proteases and other toxic enzymes. All particles are capable of competitive inhibition of phagocytosis in macrophages and many may be cytotoxic and further depress phagocytosis. In addition, connective tissue macrophages may contribute to lung disease by concentrating and storing potent carcinogens or other toxic particles close to a reactive bronchial epithelium for long periods. Thus, even through macrophages serve as a first line of defense for the alveolar surface, they may also be capable of injuring the host while exercising their defensive role. PMID- 6997034 TI - The clinical significance of trace elements in childhood. PMID- 6997033 TI - Alterations in plasma corticosteroids, insulin and selected metabolites in horses used in endurance rides. AB - The effects of prolonged exercise on plasma concentrations of corticosteroids, insulin, glucose, lactate and beta-hydroxybutrate were studied in a group of horses competing in a 160 km endurance ride. Of the 53 horses included in the study at the outset, 23 completed the course. Plasma corticosteroids increased while glucose and insulin decreased during exercise. Little change occurred in plasma lactate or beta-hydroxybutyrate. The parameters studied did not result in the finding of any consistent significant differences beteeen individuals that completed and those that did not complete the course. PMID- 6997035 TI - [Progressive septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 6997036 TI - Cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6997038 TI - Isolation and characterization of two molecular forms of octopine dehydrogenase from Pecten maximus L. AB - Two forms, A and B, of octopine dehydrogenase from Pecten muximus L. straited adductor muscles were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and purified to homogeneity. Their kinetic properties were similar and, among others, the mnemonical behaviour, previously found for octopine dehydrogenase, was confirmed. Structural features, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecylsulfate, amino acid composition, immunological tests and heat stability were compared. The only differences between the two forms are their charge and their sensibility to various chemical treatments. Assays of reciprocal conversion of the two forms by oxidation, reduction or deamidation failed. No tissue specificity and no relation to any physiological conditions could be observed. However, a constant ratio A:B = 1:4 was statistically found in crude extracts as well as in the purified enzyme. It therefore seems possible to assume that the two forms of octopine dehydrogenase pre-exist in living P. maximus, although their genetic origin has to be established. PMID- 6997037 TI - Plasma AVP, neurophysin, renin activity, and aldosterone during submaximal exercise performed until exhaustion in trained and untrained men. AB - The effect of intense muscular work (80% of maximal oxygen uptake) on responses of plasma hormones involved in electrolyte and water balance were measured in 14 male subjects. They were divided into three groups according to their maximal oxygen uptake and the duration of exercise performed until exhaustion: well trained subjects (group I), trained subjects (group II), and untrained subjects (group III). Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, and weight loss were measured as well as hematocrit and plasma and urine sodium and potassium concentrations. Rectal temperature increased significantly in all subjects after exhaustion. The variation of hematocrit was smallest and the weight loss greatest in the well-trained subjects. Plasma aldosterone, renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (AVP), and neurophysin (Np) displayed highly significant increases after exercise in all three groups: PRA was increased 4.5 times (p < 0.01), aldosterone 13 times (p < 0.05), Np 2.6 times (p pe 0.05), and AVP 4.8 times (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no correlation between the changes in PRA and those in plasma aldosterone, nor between aldosterone and plasma sodium or potassium. At the urinary level, the only striking observation was that free water clearance tends to become positive after exercise. Our results provide evidence that this kind of exercise produces a highly significant increase in plasma levels of the hormones involved in electrolyte and water balance. They also indicate that it is among the well-trained subjects that sweat loss is highest though the hematocrit increase is the smallest; this suggests that water is shifted more efficiently from the extravascular compartment. PMID- 6997039 TI - Evidence that ionization of zinc-bound water regulates the anion-binding capacity of the coenzyme-binding site in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6997041 TI - Isolation of mRNA from bovine pituitary. The cell-free synthesis of the alpha and beta subunits of luteinizing hormone. AB - RNA derived from bovine steer pituitary was translated in wheat germ cell-free extracts containing [35S]methionine. Antisera generated against purified denatured alpha and beta subunits of lutropin were used to demonstrate the synthesis of both proteins in vitro. The immunoprecipitated products of the cell free system were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels and it was observed that the molecular weight of the immunoprecipitated alpha subunit protein was approximately 14,000, while that of the beta protein was estimated to be 16,000. Since the molecular weights of authentic alpha and beta subunits are 10,600 and 14,000 respectively, the cell-free products presumably represented their pre-protein forms. The ratio of the immunoprecipitated subunit pre-proteins was dependent on the magnesium concentration in the translation mixtures; at 2.1 mM, translation of lutropin alpha and beta mRNAs was comparable. RNA isolated from cow pituitary tissue directed the synthesis of fivefold less of the alpha and beta immunoprecipitated proteins than did steer RNA. Since the blood levels of gonadal steroids are higher in the cow, the results supported the hypothesis that lutropin alpha and beta mRNA biosynthesis is repressed by these steroids. The data also suggest that synthesis of lutropin alpha and beta subunits is coordinately expressed in certain physiological situations. PMID- 6997040 TI - The role of hydrogen translocating shuttles during ethanol oxidation in hepatocytes from euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. AB - A quantitative study of the contribution of the malate-aspartate and glycerol-3 phosphate cycles to the translocation of reducing equivalents from cytosol to mitochondria during ethanol oxidation has been made in hepatocytes from euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. 1. In hepatocytes from euthyroid rats both cycles have an almost equal capacity and their relative contribution to total hydrogen transport to the mitochondria depends on the conditions chosen. 2. In hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats maximal rates of ethanol oxidation were significantly lower than in hepatocytes from euthyroid rats, even though the capacity of the glycerol 3-phosphate cycle was increased. This was due to a decreased activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6997042 TI - Regulation of compartmentation of amino acid pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its effects on metabolic control. AB - Compartmentation of intracellular amino acid pools has been studied under various growth conditions in wild-type strains as well as in mutants. Aspartate, glutamate, leucine and isoleucine pools are present in high concentrations in the cytoplasm, while all the other amino acids are more vacuolar. The nature of the nitrogen source for growth, the effectiveness of nitrogen assimilation, the rate of protein synthesis and the presence of high internal basic amino acid pools are important factors in the repartition of amino acid pools between the cytoplasm and the vacuole. PMID- 6997044 TI - The recognition of maltodextrins by Escherichia coli. AB - 1. Escherichia coli can accumulate 14C-labelled (alpha 1 leads to 4)-linked D glucose oligomers up to maltoheptaose. Longer maltodextrins are not transported and are not utilized as carbon sources. 2. Maltodextrins too large to be transported are nevertheless bound by the outer envelope of intact E. coli. This binding is saturable (Kd for maltodecaose = 3-4 microM) and the binding sites are inducible by maltose. Each bacterium has approximately 30,000 sites when fully induced. 3. Using mutants devoid of various components of the maltose transport system, the high-affinity binding of maltodextrins by intact bacteria has been shown to be dependent on the presence of both lambda receptor (an outer membrane protein) and periplasmic maltose binding protein. 4. The same binding sites are accessible to both utilizable and non-utilizable maltodextrins. Maltodecapentaose is a competitive inhibitor of maltose transport (Ki 1.5-2.5 microM). 5. These results show that the periplasmic maltose binding protein is readily accessible to substrates of at least 2500 molecular weight. The inability to transport dextrins larger than maltoheptaose is, therefore, due to the inability of E. coli to transfer large substrates from the binding protein to the cytoplasm and not to lack of access through the outer membrane. PMID- 6997043 TI - The complete amino-acid sequence of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. AB - The complete primary structure of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli has been elucidated. The protein, which is a mixture of two gene products, consists of a single polypeptide chain of 393 residues. After tryptic digestion of S carboxymethylated protein, 50 tryptic peptides were isolated covering the complete protein chain. Their alignment was established with overlapping peptides obtained by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide and subsequent enzymic subdigestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease, chymotrypsin, elastase and thermolysin. Peptides were sequenced by manual dansyl-Edman and direct Edman degradation procedures. The N-terminal amino acid of EF-Tu is serine and is N acetylated. The lysine residue at positon 56, in the polypeptide chain is partly methylated. The C-terminal residue is a mixture of serine and glycine, and this was the only heterogeneity found in the EF-Tu preparation used in this study. PMID- 6997045 TI - The primary structure of histone H2A from the sperm cell of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus. AB - The 125 residues of the histone H2A from the sperm cells of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus have been positioned. The N terminus is blocked by an acetyl group. Compared to the bovine histone, the sea urchin protein differs in 14 positions. PMID- 6997046 TI - Tetranucleotides as effectors for the binding of initiator tRNA to Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Oligonucleotides such as G-A-G-G, which are complementary to the C-U-C-C region at the 3' end of 16-S RNA, inhibit the R17-RNA-dependent binding of the initiator tRNA (fMet-rRNA) to 30-S ribosomal subunits. However, if phage RNA is replaced by A-U-G, the same oligonucleotides stimulate the binding of fMet-tRNA to the 30-S subunits. This indicates that the formation of the RNA x RNA hybrid acts as a positive control signal for the selection of the initiator tRNA by the 30-S subunit x mRNA complex. Tetranucleotides of the type A-U-G-N (where N = A, G, C or U) stimulated the IF-2-dependent binding of fMet-tRNA to the 30-S subunit more effectively than A-U-G, with A-U-G-R better than A-U-G-Y (where R is a purine nucleoside and Y is a pyrimidine nucleoside). Since the 3'-terminal adenosine in A-U-G-A can be replaced by 6-deamino-adenosine, a stacking type of interaction between U-33 of tRNA and N of A-U-G-N should additionally stabilize the codon anticodon complex. The situation is strictly reversed for 70-S ribosomes where A U-G is the best codon followed by A-U-G-U, A-U-G-C, A-U-G-G and A-U-G-A. Replacement of GTP by guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate (GuoPP[CH2]P] results in A-U-G-A becoming more efficient than A-U-G as the codon for the binding of fMet-tRNA to 70-S ribosomes. This indicates that IF-2 and GTP hold the anticodon of the fMet-tRNA in a conformation capable of binding to a tetranucleotide codon. GTP hydrolysis and release of IF-2 from the 70-S ribosome results in a change of the tertiary structure of fMet-tRNA as a consequence of which the initiator tRNA reassumes the conformation which preferentially binds to A-U-G. PMID- 6997047 TI - The ligand specificity of the (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)-binding site of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Interaction with adenosine derivatives and pharmacologically-active compounds. AB - The high-affinity cAMP-binding site of form-II yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has a marked specificity for adenosine derivatives, such ligands including N6-substituted adenosine derivatives active as cytokinins n plant systems and adenine nucleotides. Of a wide range of nucleotides and nucleosides examined only adenosine derivatives bind to the cAMP binding site. A variety of antimitotic compounds (including colchicine, colcemid and phenylcarbamate derivatives), adrenergic receptor antagonists (alprenolol and propranolol) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (notably indomethacin and flufenamic acid) displace cAMP from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Colchicine, colcemid, N6-furfuryladenosine, indomethacin, flufenamic acid and propranolol inhibit cAMP binding to the enzyme in an apparently competitive fashion. Given the evolutionary conservatism and abundance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the affinity of the cAMP-binding site of this enzyme for a variety of structurally-disparate pharmacologically-active compounds compromises simple one-site interpretations of physiological responses to these agents. PMID- 6997048 TI - Cellular distribution of beta-lactamase RP4 is mediated by an outer membrane protease. AB - RP4 beta-lactamase extracted from the outer membrane of wild-type Escherichia coli can be resolved into several interconvertible forms that differ in their stabilities, substrate profiles and apparent molecular weights. beta-Lactamase isolated from outer membrane of strains which are lacking a protease that is involved in the cleavage of colicins differs from the beta-lactamase of parental cells in substrate profile, apparent molecular weight and the ability to interconvert. The cellular distribution of beta-lactamase also differs between wild-type and protease-deficient mutants. Both strains have equivalent amounts of beta-lactamase in their outer membranes, however the parental strain also has considerable beta-lactamase in the cytoplasmic membrane while the mutant does not. In addition the mutant contains only 30% of the parental level of enzyme in the periplasm. It is proposed that the reduced level of periplasmic enzyme is the result of a defect in processing of membrane-associated beta-lactamase. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the beta-lactamase isolated from the mutant can be converted to forms resembling those found in the parent by incubation with extracts or outer membrane isolated from the parent. PMID- 6997049 TI - Characterization of the flavoenzyme enoyl reductase of fatty acid synthetase from yeast. AB - Enoyl reductase in the fatty acid synthetase from brewer's yeast, a flavoenzyme function, has been used as a specific probe for one partial activity of the multi functional enzyme. The enzyme has an absorption maximum at 460 nm with epsilon = 18600 M-1 cm-1 and A280 = 1.37 mg-1 ml. The circular dichroism spectrum shows negative peaks at 373 and 466 nm. The fluorescence maximum is at 540 nm. The apoenzyme has an absorption maximum at 279 nm and shows fluorescence at 345 nm. The association constant for the FMN is 4 X 10(7) M-1. The redox potential was determined as Eh = --0.193 V. The reductase is characterized as a 'true' transhydrogenase as no flavin free radical can be obtained by photochemical or chemical reduction or oxidation, i.e. it only functions via two-electron steps. An interpretation of the hydrophobic nature of the flavin binding site based on spectral data is presented. PMID- 6997050 TI - The human alpha-globin gene. The protein products of the duplicated genes are identical. AB - In order to determine whether any heterogeneity exists in the human alpha-globin chain, i.e. whether the products of the duplicated genes are identical, we have determined the total sequence of 14 alpha-globin chains: seven of these were abnormal, while six were normal chains from the same individuals, with one additional sample which consisted of the alpha chains from a normal control. In the individuals heterozygous for an alpha-chain abnormality, the product of a single alpha-gene could be isolated from that of the three others using the differing physicochemical properties of the mutant haemoglobins. In the special situation of a double heterozygosity for an alpha-chain abnormality, the products of the two mutated genes were separated from each other and from the mixture of the products of the two normal genes. They were then investigated independently, this approach increased the precision of our work. During the course of the present investigation, sequence determinations were mainly performed on large fragments of the chains, which were purified exclusively by gel chromatography. In this way mixtures of products of several genes could be studied, thereby overcoming the risk of losing peptides differing slightly in sequence. Such loss may often occur when using ion-exchange procedures to purify small peptides. Our results show the absence of any heterogeneity at the level of the gene products of the duplicated alpha loci. Thus the human alpha-globin chain has to be considered as homogeneous. PMID- 6997051 TI - The activation of alkaline phosphatase by effector molecules. A combined kinetic and hydrodynamic study. PMID- 6997052 TI - Adhesion of bacteria to mucosal surfaces--an area of increasing importance in diarrhoeal disease. PMID- 6997053 TI - Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity. AB - A 12-year-old boy with aplastic anemia developed severe but reversible cardiac failure after treatment with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4 x 50 mg/kg on four consecutive days) given as preparation for bone marrow grafting. This and previously reported cases demonstrate the possibility of cardiotoxicity after high doses of the drug. PMID- 6997054 TI - Infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. PMID- 6997055 TI - The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition of the acute blood pressure reduction by captopril in pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats. AB - Treatment of pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats with captopril (SQ 14225) caused a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), which lasted for over 1 h when a dose of 5 mg/kg i.p was used. Pretreatment with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indometacin (IND, 5 mg/kg i.p.) or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg/kg i.p.) did not prevent the initial decrease in MAP after captopril. However, the recovery of the MAP was much faster than after captopril alone. In rats pretreated with IND, the MAP after captopril was significantly higher than after captopril alone from 30 min onwards. With ASA pretreatment the same was observed after 45 min. These data indicate that the subacute blood pressure lowering effect of captopril in pentobarbital-anaesthetized normotensive rats may be at least partly dependent on the presence on an intact prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway. This may be due to activation of prostaglandin synthesis by the accumulation of bradykinin and angiotensin I after captopril. PMID- 6997056 TI - High affinity binding of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine to rat brain homogenate. AB - Ethylketocyclazocine (Ekc), a potent kappa-receptor agonist, binds to opiate receptor sites in rat brain tissue. The binding was saturable with respect to the concentration of [3H]Ekc. The dissociation constant of Ekc-receptor complex was 1.8 nM and the maximum number of binding sites in the whole brain was 9.6 pmol/g of tissue. Opiate agonists and antagonists have a high affinity for [3H]Ekc binding sites, but results of present investigations failed to differentiate opiates thought to be specific for the mu- and kappa-receptors. PMID- 6997057 TI - Bronchodilator effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) in dogs and guinea pigs. AB - prostacyclin (PGI2), a recently discovered unstable product in the biosynthetic conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxides, was examined for bronchopulmonary actions. in anesthetized dogs, PGI2 given i.v. (0.3-30.0 microgram/kg) and by aerosol (0.002-0.2%) inhibited significantly PGF2 alpha-induced increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in dynamic lung compliance in a dose-related fashion. Intrinsically, PGI2 affected resting bronchopulmonary and cardiac functions minimally, but decreased peripheral and pulmonary vascular pressures. PGI2 (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) afforded protection against histamine-induced asphyxial collapse in normal guinea pigs and ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis in sensitized animals. Cumulative concentrations of PGI2 (1.0 x 10(-9)--3.0 x 10(-4) M) relaxed contractions of the isolated guine pig trachea produced by carbachol. These bronchodilator and hemodynamic effects could not be ascribed to the stable metabolic product of PGI2, because 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was inactive or markedly less active than PGI2 in these test systems. The results of this investigation suggest that PGI2 possesses considerable bronchodilator and vasodilator activity in experimental animal systems. PMID- 6997059 TI - Autophagic degradation in rat liver after vinblastine treatment. PMID- 6997058 TI - Surface distribution and endocytosis of the NS3 antigen of neuroblastoma. An immunocytochemical study. PMID- 6997060 TI - Primary culture of rat alveolar type II Cells on floating collagen membranes. Morphological and biochemical observations. PMID- 6997061 TI - Specific binding of fluorescein labelled serum retinol-binding protein to its cell surface receptor in isolated, purified bovine pigment epithelial cells. PMID- 6997062 TI - Successful pregnancy after high dose chemotherapy and marrow transplantation for treatment of aplastic anemia. AB - A 29-year-old woman with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia was given immunosuppressive therapy with procarbazine, 37.5 mg/kg, antithymocyte globulin, 36 mg IgG/kg, and cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg. This was followed by a marrow transplant from her HLA identical sister, immunosuppressive therapy with intermittent methotrexate for 3 months postgrafting and ultimate restoration of hematopoiesis. Two years after transplantation the patient delivered a healthy male infant. This is the first successful pregnancy after a high dose chemotherapy and marrow transplantation for treatment of aplastic anemia. PMID- 6997063 TI - Enhanced megakaryocyte repopulating ability of stem cells surviving 5 fluorouracil treatment. AB - The effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment of donor mice on the capacity of transplanted bone marrow to produce megakaryocytes in the spleens of lethally irradiated recipients has been examined. At both 10 and 13 days after transplantation, the spleens of recipients of 5-fluorouracil treated bone marrow had significantly more megakarocytes per unit area of spleen section than recipients injected with an equivalent number of spleen colony forming units from normal bone marrow. It is suggested that such treatment may provide a sensitive in vivo system for the investigation of endogenous factors influencing megakaryocyte progenitor proliferation. The results are consistent with the concept of stem cells being heterogeneous with respect to self-renewal capacity. PMID- 6997064 TI - Potentials for lymphoid differentiation by cells from long term cultures of bone marrow. AB - Dexter has described a culture system in which pluripotent stem cells (CFUs) are maintained for several months on an adherent layer derived from bone marrow. The population of cells floating in the supernatant medium contains stem cells and other cells at later stages of myeloid differentiation. Mature lymphocytes have not been observed in these cultures. Since the culture conditions may select for stem cells restricted to myeloid differentiation, we have studied the differentiative potential of cultured stem cells. Cultures were established using various combinatins of CBA bone marrow and CBA/HT6T6 bone marrow to distinguish between adherent layer derived cells and "recharge" derived cells. After various intervals in culture, cells were injected into irradiated recipients of either CBA or CBA/HT6T6 genotype. Three to four months after reconstitution, mitotic spreads were prepared from proliferating lymphoid and myeloid cells. The results showed that cells capable of giving rist to both B and T lymphoid progeny were maintained in culture for six weeks. The origin of the nonadherent CFUs in these cultures were also examined. They were derived from both the adherent and the "recharge" cell populations. PMID- 6997065 TI - Fasciola hepatica: an immunofluorescent study of antigenic changes in the tegument during development in the rat and the sheep. PMID- 6997066 TI - Studies on the specificity of tissue supernatants on the proliferation of liver in baby-rats. AB - Supernatants (105,000 g) prepared from extracts of liver and kidney were injected at different concentrations into 10 day-old rats and the resulting effects on 3H thymidine incorporation in liver, kidney and lung were measured over a period of 24 hours. Incorporation in all three organs is inhibited by supernatants from both liver and kidney, with maximal activity between 12 and 18 hours after injection. Fractions prepared from liver supernatant by ultrafiltration and alcohol precipitation also showed no specific effect on liver cells. In order to test whether the activity of any factors in the supernatants is cell-cycle dependent, organs of baby rats were synchronized by two different procedures: a) injection of a 3.5% casein solution, b) injection of hydroxyurea (2 x 10 mg/kg body weight with an internal of one hour). Inhibitory effects were only observed when the supernatants were injected during the G1-phase of the target cells. Supernatants prepared in a similar way from other organs such as spleen, lung or heart also inhibited thymidine incorporation in casein-stimulated liver from baby rats. All of our investigations have therefore failed to find any indication of tissue-specific activity in these extracts. PMID- 6997067 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of rabbit anti-canine brain serum. AB - Liver absorbed rabbit anticanine brain serum (ABS) was tested for its immunosuppressive capacities in dogs. Single intravenous injection of ABS led to significant decrease in lymphocyte counts and functions after 24 hours, as measured by phytohemagglutinin stimulation and mixed lymphocyte culture. The immunosuppressive effectiveness of ABS could further be documented by prolongation of skin graft survival in unrelated dogs which were treated daily for 12 days with intramuscular ABS injections. The ABS was generally well tolerated. One dog died of pneumonia. All dogs showed moderate decrease in platelet counts after 10 days of ABS treatment. Autopsies showed normal cerebral histology, moderate lymphoid hypoplasia, and no changes in the bone marrow and liver. The results suggest that liver absorbed anti-canine brain serum is a potent immunosuppressant with limited toxicity. PMID- 6997068 TI - Non-polyadenylated mRNAs from eukaryotes. PMID- 6997069 TI - Evidence for the presence of D-galactofuranose in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Trypanosome cruzi. Modification and tritium labeling. PMID- 6997070 TI - A single locus in Escherichia coli governs growth in alkaline pH and on carbon sources whose transport is sodium dependent. PMID- 6997071 TI - Cooperative effects of RNA polymerase from higher plant cells and Escherichia coli: a comparison. PMID- 6997072 TI - Interference of symmetrically transcribed RNA in the hybridization competition experiment: a re-evaluation of the nitrocellulose filter technique for detecting RNA-DNA hybrids. PMID- 6997073 TI - Increased activity of intramuscular proteases in the hyperthyroid state. PMID- 6997074 TI - Biochemical characterization of ribosomes of kasugamycin-dependent mutants of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6997075 TI - Chemical evidence for the involvement of histidyl residues in the functioning of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu. PMID- 6997076 TI - Electrochemical H+ gradient but not phosphate potential is required for Escherichia coli infection by phage T4. PMID- 6997077 TI - A new method for the assay of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. PMID- 6997078 TI - Actin filament formation in pancreatic beta-cells during glucose stimulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 6997079 TI - beta-cell tropin, a peptide of the pituitary pars intermedia which stimulates insulin release. PMID- 6997080 TI - The structure of the CCA end of tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA in the ternary complex. PMID- 6997081 TI - Isotope effects and activation parameters for chemically modified bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6997082 TI - Histone synthesis during sporulation of yeast. PMID- 6997083 TI - Characterization of T4 double-stranded RNA by equilibrium centrifugation in Cs2SO4- and alkaline iodide gradients. PMID- 6997084 TI - Abnormal total NADP+ and glutathione and impaired glucose metabolism of large rat adipocytes. PMID- 6997086 TI - A new nitrogen base 5-hydroxycytosine in phage N-17 DNA. PMID- 6997087 TI - Corticosterone increases the synthesis of a soluble protein in pituitary glands from adrenalectomized male rats which precipitates with anti-rat growth antiserum. PMID- 6997085 TI - Use of immobilized enzymatically active monomers of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to investigate subunit cooperativity in the oligomeric enzyme. PMID- 6997088 TI - Life and contributions of Elmer V. McCollum. PMID- 6997090 TI - Comparison of analytic techniques: chemical, isotopic, and microprobe analyses. AB - The development of new techniques and modifications to existing methods are providing important information about cellular water and electrolytes in relation to transepithelial transport. Information obtained for one epithelium, the toad urinary bladder, from chemical analyses, isotopic studies, and electron microprobe analysis, is reviewed. Chemical and isotopic analyses allow estimation of average cellular water and ion contents and determination of the origin of ions from the media bathing the mucosal and basolateral cellular membranes. The electron microprobe provides additional information about the distributions of ions between the cell types that constitute the epithelial layer and also allows some measurement of ion distributions within individual cells. In toad urinary bladder epithelial cells there is broad agreement between the results obtained with these different techniques and a summary is provided of possible relationships between transepithelial sodium transport and cellular composition. PMID- 6997089 TI - Advances in our understanding of vitamin E. AB - Vitamin E is an essential nutrient for animals and man since it is not synthesized in the body. The level of vitamin E in the lipoproteins of plasma and in the phospholipids of vital mitochondria, microsomes, and plasma membranes in humans depends (as in experimental animals) on the amount of biologically active vitamin E being consumed, the levels of dietary prooxidants and antioxidants, and the adequacy of dietary selenium. Studies with chicks have demonstrated an important mode of action of both vitamin E and selenium in metabolism, and provide a solution to the long-term enigma of the true role of vitamin E in the diet of all animals, including man. The biochemical actions of vitamin E and selenium are concerned with prevention of peroxidative damage to cells and subcellular elements, thereby aiding the body in maintaining its normal defense mechanisms against disease and environmental insult. PMID- 6997091 TI - Aminergic innervation of the hypothalamus. AB - Anatomical aspects of aminergic neurons contained within or projecting to the hypothalamus have been studied with the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method, the glycoxylic acid technique, Palkovits' "punch-out" system with radioenzymatic assays, electron microscopy (EM), and immunocytochemical localization of the synthesizing enzymes with the light microscope and EM. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons include the tuberoinfundibular and incertohypothalamic groups. Serotonergic (5 HT) neurons project largely from the raphe nuclei, but there are indications of some intrinsic 5-HT cells. Noradrenergic input to the hypothalamus comes almost completely from lateral tegmental brain stem neurons via the ventral adrenergic bundle, but the paraventricular, dorsomedial, supraoptic and periventricular nuclei receive some fibers directly from the locus coeruleus through the dorsal bundle. EM studies reveal aminergic boutons wiwh dense cored vesicles, but specific synaptic profiles with thickened postsynaptic membranes appear to be limited in number, and it has been proposed that the amines may commonly be released from boutons without true synaptic endings. Electrophysiological studies related to neuroendocrine phenomena reveal stimulatory and inhibitory responses to amines and to activated aminergic neurons. These effects may be transmitted via inhibitory interneurons. Functional recovery from the chronic loss of 85% of hypothalamic norepinephrine suggests that the catecholamine may serve as a modulator rather than as an essential link in the chain of neuroendocrine cause effect relationships. PMID- 6997093 TI - [An experimental study on the effects of the chronic administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. AB - The chronic effects of the oral administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril, 63-80 mg/kg/day) on blood pressure and the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system were studied in normotensive male Wistar rats. The blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma renin substrate concentration (PRS), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and renal renin content (RRC) were measured 2, 9, 19, 29 and 58 days after the administration of the agent. Blood pressure was determined in unanesthetized rats, and blood samples were obtained by decapitation. Furthermore, blood pressure responses to bolus injections of angiotensin II (AII, 80 ng/kg), angiotensin I (AI, 80 ng/kg) and bradykinin (BK, 10 micrograms/kg) were examined in unanesthetized rats which had been given the agent for 20 days. The BP of the rats which had been given captopril for 9 days or more was significantly lower than in the control rats. The reduction in heart weight in the captopril rats reached a statistically significant level 58 days after the administration of the agent. The PRA and the PRC markedly increased, and the PRS and the PAC both decreased in the captopril rats. The RRC which was reduced after 2 days of captopril administration markedly increased thereafter. In the captopril rats, significant negative correlations were observed between PRC and PRS (r=-0.43, p<0.01), and between BP and PRC (r=-0.60, p<0.001). The PRC significantly correlated with the RRC in the control rats (r=-0.44, p<0.01) while such a relationship did not exist in the captopril rats. Although the pressor responses to AII were similar in the captopril and the control rats, the responses to AI were reduced to 50% of the responses to AII in the captopril rats. The blood pressure reduction in response to BK in the captopril rats was 2.3 times as great as that in the control rats. Thus, it is suggested that the increases in PRA, PRC and RRC in the captopril rats may be related to both the blood pressure reduction and interruption of the negative feedback inhibition of renin synthesis and release by AII, and that the decrease in PRS in the captopril rats is due to the increased consumption and probably to the decreased rate of substrate production in the liver which is secondary to the decrease in plasma AII. The lack of significant positive correlation between PRC and RRC in the captopril rats seems to demonstrate that captopril may modify the relationship between them. The results also show that the chronic administration of captopril lowers blood pressure in normotensive animals. The blood pressure reduction by captopril may be related to the decreased kininase activity which is suggested by the enhanced depressor responses to BK, as well as the lowered plasma level of AII. PMID- 6997092 TI - [III All-Union Congress of Pharmacists]. PMID- 6997095 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of the skin recurrence rate after different types of treatment. A review. AB - On the basis of own investigations and a survey of the literature, it is shown that the recurrence rate following various types of treatment used for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is somewhat higher than generally assumed. Irrespective of the method used, the results obtained after treatment of recurrent BCCs are less favorable. Consequently, it is strongly recommended that patients be closely controlled for a period of years following treatment and that only specially trained doctors carry out the treatment. The possibility of centralizing treatment of BCC of the skin to dermatological units is put forward. PMID- 6997094 TI - [HLA alleles in parapemphigus]. PMID- 6997096 TI - Altered cellular immunity in Werner's syndrome. AB - A cellular immunodeficiency was revealed in a 39-year-old female patient suffering from Werner's syndrome. Relevant findings were negative intracutaneous tests to candidin, trichophytin, tuberculin and bacterial antigens, reduced lymphocyte response to PHA, and impaired intracellular killing of Candida albicans by granulocytes. The inclination of patients suffering from Werner's syndrome to develop neoplasms may be related to this immunodeficiency. PMID- 6997097 TI - Myoid cells and myasthenia gravis: a phylogenetic overview. PMID- 6997098 TI - Review on the phylogeny of splenic structure and function. PMID- 6997099 TI - Mitogenic activity of Actinomyces viscosus. II. Induction of DNA and immunoglobulin synthesis in rabbit B lymphocytes. PMID- 6997100 TI - Frequencies of cell-surface or cytoplasmic IgM-bearing cells in the spleen, thymus and peripheral blood of the snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata. PMID- 6997102 TI - Changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels, glucose tolerance tests and insulin sensitivity with age in the rat. AB - Glucose and insulin relationships with aging were studied in fed rats. Levels of basal circulating glucose did not change while those of RIA-insulin increased and RIA-glucagon decreased lineary with animal weight. The oral glucose tolerance test revealed a greater increase in blood glucoe in adult and old rats than in prepuberals, while the rise in plasma insulin was faster and greater in the oldest group. After intravenous glucose load, plasma insulin increase was greater in adult than in prepuberal and old rats, and in the latter grup values remained elevated for a longer period. The hypoglycemic response to i.v. insulin was greatest in the prepuberals with no difference between adult and old rats. In prepuberals, the augmented insulin sensitivity was counteracted by retarded insulinotropic glucose action and an enhanced basal glucagon level, while in the old animals normoglycemia was maintained due to an augmented secretory response of B cells, counteracted by reduced sensitivity to endogenous insulin. PMID- 6997101 TI - Pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones in cirrhosis of the liver: portal vein concentrations during intravenous glucose tolerance test and in response to a meal. AB - We studied the relationship between the pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon, and glucose intolerance through the response to food and intravenous glucose in 11 patients with verified hepatic cirrhosis. Blood samples were obtained from the portal vein and the superior vena cava. The results of the systemic vein hormone determinations were compared to results obtained from peripheral vein determination in 10 age-, sex- and weight-matched controls admitted to hospital for minor surgery and to results from ambulant, normal subjects. In the cirrhotics collateral shunting was elevated by transhepatic portography. The cirrhotics and the matched controls had similar glucagon levels and responses, but showed hyperresponsiveness to a meal compared to ambulant normal subjects. Compared to the matched controls the cirrhotics showed glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinism, but compared to normal subjects the hospitalized controls were also glucose intolerant and demonstrated hyperinsulinism. In the cirrhotics, the portal vein/vena cava ratio for insulin was negatively correlated to the degree of collateral shunting. No relationship was found between the degree of portosystemic shunting and fasting concentrations of glucagon and insulin, and the insulin response to glucose. The glucagon response to the meal, was correlated to severity of cirrhosis. The rate constant for glucose disappearance (K-value) was not related to the insulin response, to severity of disease or to degree of shunting. It was, however, correlated to the suppressibility of glucagon secretion as measured in the portal vein. Our results indicate that the glucoregulatory disturbances in compensated cirrhosis are partly caused by non-specific factors which are independent of cirrhosis; the portal-vein hormone responses, however, support the contention that glucagon secretion influences glucose tolerance in cirrhotics. PMID- 6997103 TI - Glucagon biosynthesis in isolated pancreatic islets of mice and guinea pigs. AB - To further investigate the regulation of glucagon biosynthesis in mammalian A2 cells, we have studied the incorporation of [3H]-tryptophan into acid alcohol extracts of isolated pancreatic islets of guinea pig and mouse. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-50 indicated that labelled proteins, migrating either with the void volume (peak I) or in region (peak II) between the void volume and the insulin marker, were formed during a 6h incubation of the islets. However, a period of at least two days in tissue culture was required before the islets showed any significant accumulation of labelled protein eluting in a position corresponding to that of pancreatic glucagon (peak III). Addition of glucose (16.7 mM) enhanced the incorporation into all chromatograph fractions during the culture period. Binding of gel chromatographed proteins Sepharose coupled anti-glucagon antibodies indicated that both guinea pig and mouse islets contained only small amounts of labelled, immunoreactive proteins eluting with either peak I or peak II. However, proteins eluting with peak III contained 6-8 times more lbelled, immunoreactive material than any of the other peaks. Total glucagon immunoreactivity was abundant in peaks I and II but less evident in peak II. The results of pulse-chase experiments provided no convincing evidence for a precursor-product relationship between larger proteins and glucagon. However, the heterogeneity of the putative precursor pool, as evidenced both by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the low immune binding, might have masked a conversion process. The combined data show that glucagon is, indeed, synthesized in isolated islets of guinea-pig and mouse, but that this process occurs slowly. PMID- 6997105 TI - Insulin and glucagon during pentobarbitone anaesthesia. AB - The induction of sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia (45 mg/kg, ip) in 18 hour fasted mice produced a mild transient hyperglycaemia and a small but persistent increase in plasma glucagon concentrations. Plasma insulin concentrations became raised as the period of anaesthesia progressed. Plasma glucagon concentrations remained elevated as consciousness was regained, and a second episode of mile hyperglycaemia was observed at this time. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were not altered by the anaesthesia and all parameters had returned to control values four hours after consciousness was regained. During anaesthesia glucose tolerance was impaired and the plasma insulin response to glucose and glucagon was enhanced. Higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were also observed after glucagon administration, and insulin hypoglycaemia tests revealed a decrease in the rate of glucose disappearance during anaesthesia. Four hours after consciousness was regained all these responses had returned to control values, except glucose tolerance which improved in comparison with controls. These results indicate that impaired glucose homeostasis during pentobarbitone anaesthesia is dependent on changes in both the secretion and physiological effects of insulin and glucagon. PMID- 6997104 TI - [Recent advances on vitamin D (author's transl)]. AB - Our knowledge of vitamin D metabolism has undergone major advances within the last few years. The vitamin D3 produced by the skin or absorbed across the intestine is converted successively to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by the liver and to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) by the kidney. The latter metabolite is also the most active on three types of target tissue: gut, bone and kidney. The mechanism of action of 1,25-(OH2D3 has been investigated mostly in the intestinal tract, where it increased calcium absorption by stimulating the synthesis of such transfer proteins as the calcium binding protein (Ca BP). Although the level of 1,25 (OH)2D3 is regulated by vitamin D intake, it depends mainly on renal hydroxylation, the limiting step which controls 1,25-(OH)2D3 production. Both parathyroid hormone and calcium or phosphorus depletion stimulate renal 1-alpha hydroxylase; 1,25-(OH)2D3 is also regulated directly or indirectly (through its action on the parathyroid glands) by a feedback system. In some diseases such as hepatic insufficiency and chronic renal failure, a profound impairment in endogenous synthesis of the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D results in sever calcium and skeletal disese. During the last decade, the therapeutic possibilities in vitamin D deficiency have been greatly improved by the synthesis of new derivatives of vitamin D and by a better knowledge of their bioavailability PMID- 6997107 TI - The artificial pancreas and the management of the pregnant diabetic. AB - Maintaining normoglycemia is the main goal in the management of the pregnant diabetic. Recently a new tool for the control of blood sugar became available: the artificial pancreas. Its use in the follow-up of the pregnant diabetic and during labor, delivery and the postpartum period is discussed and illustrated by an example. PMID- 6997109 TI - Correlation between macrophages and their membrane fraction. Cytocidal activities on neoplastic cells. AB - Compared with croton oil- and thioglycolate-induced macrophages, the PHA-induced peritoneal macrophages showed th highest cytocidal activity against human malignant melanoma, mammary carcinoma and rat R3230 adenocarcinoma (AdCa) cells. Resident (physiological saline-induced) macrophages showed the lowest cytocidal activities. Vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN) and galactose oxidase increased, whereas trypsin, plasmin, papain and mild sonication decreased the cytotoxic function of macrophages against the neoplastic target cells. The effect of macrophage membrane prepartions on the cytocidal action of whole macrophages was also examined. VCN and galactose oxidase increased, whereas trypsin, plasmin, papain and mild sonication reduced the effects. It is concluded that the possible modulation of the cytocidal function of macrophages is due either to direct enzyme action on the macrophage surface, or to indirect enzyme action with enzymatically produced membrane preparations. Macrophage membrane preparations could either enhance or inhibit the antineoplastic action of the macrophags. PMID- 6997106 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. II. Sensitivity to K+, NH4+ and H+ of leucine-stimulated islets. AB - The insulinotropic action of L-leucine is thought to be tightly coupled with the metabolism of this amino acid in pancreatic islet cells. Consistent with such a view, the removal of extracellular K+ severely impaired L-leucine deamination and oxidation and L-leucine-stimulated insulin release. L-leucine increased the NH4+ content of islet cells. Exogenous NH4+ inhibited more markedly 45Ca net uptake and insulin release in islets exposed to L-leucine than in islets stimulated by D glucose, D-glyceraldehyde or alpha-ketoisocaproate, all nutrients being used at concentrations of equal insulinotropic capacity. The islets exposed to L-leucine also differed from those stimulated with D-glucose by a somewhat higher 45Ca net uptake relative to insulin output, and an increased secretory activity in response to extracellular or intracellular acidification. It is proposed that in the islets exposed to L-leucine, an alteration in the islet content of NH4+ and possibly H+ interferes with the normal coupling between metabolic and secretory events. PMID- 6997108 TI - Chronic pelvic pain without obvious pathology in women. Personal observations and review of the problem. PMID- 6997110 TI - Complications of abortion in developing countries. PMID- 6997113 TI - Distribution of actin and myosin in mouse trophoblast: correlation with changes in invasiveness during development in vitro. PMID- 6997111 TI - Clinical trial comparison of a sustained release form of amitriptyline with dothiepin. AB - A double-blind between-group trial was undertaken in fifty depressed patients to compare the efficacy of a sustained release form of amitriptyline (Lentizol) with dothiepin (Prothiaden) over a 5-week period. Patients fulfilling defined admission criteria were randomly allocated to treatment with evening dosage of either 50 mg of the sustained release preparation or 75 mg of dothiepin for the first week of the trial. Subject to review as necessary, these dosages were doubled at the end of the first week. Both drugs effected significant and appreciable improvement over the 5-week period, with the mean responses at the end of the trial retaining the same relative positions as at the beginning. PMID- 6997112 TI - The culture of hormone-dependent epithelial cells from the rat ventral prostate. AB - This paper describes a method for obtaining cultures of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells. The prostate is first perfused with a collagenase solution before removal from the animal; subsequent mincing and incubation in vitro produces a suspension of alveolar cell clumps. Upon incubation, these clumps attach to the surface of the culture dish and spread into discrete epithelial cell colonies, which both retain differentiated morphology, and secrete a species of plasminogen activator that is characteristic of prostatic tissue. These properties were not observed in cultures prepared from single cell suspensions of the same organ. Maintenance of epithelial colony integrity and secretory activity specifically required the continued presence of stromal cells, glucocorticoids and insulin. Androgenic steroids were much less effective than glucocorticoids in stimulating plasminogen activator secretion and in maintaining colony integrity, in spite of the well-established androgen dependence of prostatic tissue morphology in vivo and in organ culture. Furthermore, no effects of prolactin were observed, either when this hormone was tested alone or in conjunction with steroid hormones. Of 3 retinoids tested, retinal was highly cytotoxic at concentrations in the range of 1 microM, whereas retinol and retinoic acid were without detectable effect. PMID- 6997114 TI - Nature and fate of the factors released during early contact interactions between hamster sperm and egg prior to fertilization in vitro. PMID- 6997115 TI - Developmental gene regulation in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 6997117 TI - Hearing alterations following meningitis. 1. Hearing improvement. AB - In ten patients suffering from hearing loss following meningitis or meningoencephalitis, hearing recovery was observed. Eight of the cases had suffered from purulent meningitis, five cases had Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, 1 had coli meningitis, and 1 had meningococcal meningitis. In one case, the ethiologic agent remained unknown. Two other cases had suffered from viral meningoencephalitis. Postmeningitis hearing loss was observed in 19 ears. In eight ears, the hearing loss was profound, and in eleven, it was slight to moderate. Recovery of hearing occurred in 16 ears and was complete in eight ears and partial in eight ears. Approximately one-fourth of all patients with meningitis hearing loss do recover partially or completely in both ears or only in one ear. PMID- 6997116 TI - Immunological characterization of embryonic cell surface antigens recognized by antiblastocyst serum. PMID- 6997118 TI - Role of zinc in insulin biosynthesis. Some possible zinc-insulin interactions in the pancreatic B-cell. AB - The behaviour of proinsulin and insulin in the presence of zinc suggests it plays an important role in insulin's production in the B-cell for the vast majority of animal species. The postulate that proinsulin forms a zinc containing hexamer soon after its synthesis and that this organization of the molecule is maintained through all the subsequent processes is supported by our observation that the proinsulin hexamer is converted readily into the insulin hexamer. In addition the zinc ions enhance proinsulin's solubility and render insulin insoluble. Zinc ions also appear to play an important role in the microcrystalline character of the precipitated insulin granule. There may be advantages in condensing the stored material in this way; it will reduce contact with the surrounding membrane where the converting, and possibly other enzymes, are thought to be located, and it will tend to exclude incompletely converted hexamers. PMID- 6997120 TI - Obesity and insulin secretion in fasting high school students. AB - The relationship between plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum C-peptide and obesity was studied in 320 fasting high school students (13-18 years old), as part of a Busselton population study. For males and females respectively plasma glucose was 4.5 +/- 0.4 and 4.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (mean +/- SD), serum insulin 0.51 +/- 0.35 and 0.69 +/- 0.39 log10 (nmol/l X 100), and serum C-peptide 0.48 +/- 0.15 and 0.55 +/- 0.14 nmol/l. These sex differences were not statistically significant. Plasma glucose correlated with C-peptide (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.32, p < 0.001), indicating greater secretion where fasting glucose was higher. Obesity, measured as skin fold thickness, was also associated with serum C-peptide (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). PMID- 6997121 TI - Reversal of impaired GIP and insulin secretion in patients with pancreatogenic steatorrhea following enzyme substitution. AB - The influence of impaired digestion on nutrient induced release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin have been investigated in patients with chronic pancreatitis. All patients had massive steatorrhea (> 25 g/24 h), and glucose intolerance. A standard liquid test meal comprising fat and glucose were ingested with or without pancreatic enzyme substitution (9.0 g pancreatin). In the presence of pancreatin the response of serum levels of GIP to the test meal was significantly enhanced (81.2 vs 194.5 microgram/l X 180 min). Concurrently, the insulin response was augmented (3.4 vs 6.4 U/l X 180 min), resulting in improved glucose tolerance. Addition of pancreatin also significantly augmented the GIP response to oral fat (100 g), but not to oral glucose (100 g). In patients with pancreatogenic steatorrhea the insulin response to an IV glucose infusion (0.7 g/kg/h for 90 min) was augmented by oral fat only after addition of 9.0 g pancreatin to the fat load (3.5 vs 7.3 U/l X 180 min). After restoration of the GIP response to fat by pancreatin, the inhibitory effect of IV glucose on fat induced GIP increase was restored. These data indicate that the GIP response to a mixed meal or triglycerides is dependent on the absorption of nutrients. In patients with chronic pancreatitis improvement of pancreatogenic insufficiency reverses the impaired GIP response, restores the incretin effect of fat, and improves glucose tolerance. PMID- 6997122 TI - Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population. AB - The possible role of plasma insulin levels as a risk factor of coronary heart disease has been studied in a population of 7246 non diabetic, working men, aged 43-54 years, initially free from heart disease, and followed for 63 months on average. 128 new coronary heart disease events (non fatal myocardial infarction and coronary related deaths) were detected during this period. The annual risk is analysed by a multivariate model including age, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, blood pressure, smoking, obesity, plasma glucose and insulin fasting and 2 hours after a 75 g oral glucose load. It is shown that the fasting plasma insulin level and the fasting insulin-glucose ratio are positively associated with risk independent of the other factors. The same variables, 2 hours after the glucose load are also positively associated with risk but their contributions are not significant in the multivariate analysis. It is concluded that high insulin levels may constitute an independet risk factor for coronary heart disease complications in middle aged non diabetic men. PMID- 6997124 TI - Spontaneous autoimmune reactions against pancreatic islets in mouse strains with generalized autoimmune disease. AB - The spontaneously autoimmune mouse strains NZB, NZB X NZW, MRL and BXSB have been examined for signs of autoimmune reactions against islet cells. Between 15 and 55 animals of each strain were tested. Infiltrates of lymphocytes and fibroblasts into pancreatic islets were found in more than 80% of NZB mice, in about 50% of MRL and NZB X NZW mice, and in less than 20% of BXSB mice. Infiltrates were not found in the exocrine portion of pancrea. All NZB mice had abnormal glucose tolerance. In the three other strains between 20 and 50% of animals had abnormal glucose tolerance. All mice had fasting normoglycaemia. The lesions in NZB mice were studied in more detail. It was found by ultrastructural analysis that in young mice pancreatic infiltrates consisted of lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Single lymphocytes were also seen outside the main infiltration area. After 2 to 5 months of age another type of infiltrate, consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages was observed. B-cell destruction by lymphocytes was apparent in both young and adult NZB mice. It is concluded that cellular autoimmune reactions against pancreatic islets may occur spontaneously as a consequence of immunological disorders in NZB, NZB X NZW and MRL mice. PMID- 6997123 TI - Rapid regulation of plasma membrane insulin receptors. AB - Injection IP of insulin at a dosage of 1 microgram/g body weight into normal rats produced a rapid rise in serum insulin levels from < 1 to 298 ng/ml, and a rapid decrease in specific 125I-insulin binding to its receptors in purified liver plasma membranes. A fall in binding was seen as early as 10 minutes after injection and binding remained decreased for up to 60 min. At 10 min, 125I insulin binding had fallen to 59% of controls; in contrast, 125I-glucagon binding remained unchanged. Extraction of these plasma membrane followed by radioimmunoassay for insulin did not reveal appreciable amounts of exogenous insulin. The 125I-insulin dissociation rate from plasma membranes of control and insulin treated rats was the same, also indicating a lack of exogenous insulin. Scatchard analyses indicated that the decreased binding seen after insulin injection was due primarily to a change in the number of insulin receptors and not their affinity. These studies suggest, therefore, that high doses of insulin in vivo can rapidly regulate the number of plasma membrane insulin receptors in liver. PMID- 6997119 TI - C-Peptide reserve in insulin-dependent diabetes. Comparative responses to glucose, glucagon and tolbutamide. AB - Residual beta cell secretory capacity was assessed in short term (2 months to 2 years) and long term (5 to 8 years) insulin-dependent diabetics by measurement of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity during three provocative tests: glucose, tolbutamide, and glucagon. Minimal C-peptide secretion could be detected in only one out of seven long term diabetics by the stimulatory tests. All seven short term diabetics responded to at least one provocative test of beta cell reserve, although these responses were blunted. The greatest C-peptide responses occurred after glucagon administration (mean increase 0.62 pmol/ml) in short-term responders. Patients who responded to one test did not necessarily respond to another stimulus. There was no correlation between basal C-peptide levels and the ability to provoke further C-peptide secretion by any of the three tests. C peptide responses did not correlate with % Haemoglobin A1c, mean fasting blood glucose levels, or mean blood glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test. The data indicate that stimulation tests are only useful in assessing endogenous beta cell reserve in patients with diabetes of less than 5 years duration. In diabetics of longer duration there is little insulin reserve above basal levels. PMID- 6997125 TI - Insulin binding and hexose transport in rat adipocytes. Relation to cell size. AB - Insulin binding, initial velocity of [14C]methylglucose transport, uptake of [14C]deoxyglucose and conversion of [U-14C]glucose to CO2, glyceride-glycerol and fatty acids were measured at 37 degrees C in adipocytes from rats of different weights (135-450 g) and therefore with different mean cell volumes (53-389 pl). Insulin binding per cell increased with increasing cell size and binding was 2.3 times higher in the largest cells than in the smallest cells with tracer alone. The difference was largely accounted for by an increase in the apparent affinity. Influx of methylglucose per cell increased with increasing cell size in the absence of insulin and remained constant as a function of cell size in its presence. The effect of insulin ranged from 11 fold in small cells to 3.5 fold in large cells. The rat of conversion of [U-14C]glucose to CO2 and lipids was about half of the rate of methylglucose transport under all conditions. In contrast, the uptake of deoxyglucose in insulin-stimulated cells decreased markedly with increasing cell size. Increasing cell size caused a small decrease in sensitivity which could be explained by a smaller amont of insulin bound per unit surface area. The results show that increasing cell size/animal weight causes changes in insulin binding which may explain changes in sensitivity. In addition, the hexose transport system is modified in a way which is not explained by changes in insulin binding. Finally, changes in deoxyglucose uptake with cell size do not parallel changes in methylglucose transport. PMID- 6997127 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma IRI responses in patients in IGT and diabetes. PMID- 6997128 TI - Genetic stability and modulation of metazoan nuclei transplanted into eggs and oocytes. PMID- 6997129 TI - [The market medical service. II. Historical evolution in Mexico]. PMID- 6997126 TI - Good versus moderate regulation of alloxan-induced diabetes in arteriosclerotic and nonarteriosclerotic rats. AB - Nonarteriosclerotic (virgin) and arteriosclerotic (breeder) rats were made diabetic with alloxan. Animals were treated with constantly adjusted doses of insulin, occasionally adjusted doses, or no treatment. The obese breeder rats lost weight; the lean virgin rats gained weight. All of the animals were autopsied 5 months post-alloxan. Blood pressure increased in virgin rats; the pre existent mildly elevated blood pressure of arteriosclerotic breeder rats decreased. Glucosuria was effectively reduced in animals accorded good control; blood glucose was not effectively controlled. Circulating nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides were more effectively normalised by insulin therapy. The diabetes was accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy, thymus gland involution, and increased circulating corticosterone. Virgin rats (68%) developed arterial disease when made alloxan-diabetic; treatment with insulin completely prevented arterial disease. Breeder rats with pre-existent arteriosclerosis showing worsening of their cardiovascular disease; when made severely diabetic those provided with good control of their diabetes were protected against exacerbation of their vascular disease. PMID- 6997130 TI - Controlled trial of D-penicillamine with low dosis in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. AB - Controlled trial of D-penicillamine was carried out with low dosis in 10 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 11 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and 7 patients with liver cirrhosis. After 6 weeks and 6 months treatment mean values of transaminases improved in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. The mean serum transaminases levels of the patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis were statistically decreased after 6 weeks treatment but not significantly lower after 6 months treatment than on entry. D-penicillamine is not effective for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis. Eight of 36 patients treated were withdrawn from the trial because of adverse drug toxicity side effects. PMID- 6997132 TI - A study of surface markers in gastrointestinal lymphoma. AB - Five cases of gastrointestinal lymphomas were studied in relation to their surface antigenic markers by using specific antisera against human B cells or T cells. Frozen sections of the tumor tissues stained by immunofluorescence with these antisera were utilized for the detection of surface antigens on the lymphoma cells. The lymphomas reported included two nodular and three diffuse lymphocytic tumors. Their cellular morphology varied, ranging from well differentiated to undifferentiated. Despite such a variability, all cases showed positive fluorescence with antihuman B-lymphocyte serum while being negative with antihuman T-lymphocyte serum. Four cases were further tested for their surface immunoglobulin classes, and it was found that all of the cases possessed IgM on their cell surface. They carried only one type of light-chain class, either kappa (3 cases) or lambda (1 case). These data suggest that the gastrointestional lymphomas presented here are derived from monoclonal proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes in the digestive tract. PMID- 6997131 TI - Adrenergic modulation of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) release. AB - Serum human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) responses to adrenergic modulation were measured in 24 normal subjects. Epinephrine (6 microgram/min) was infused to stimulate adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptors. Beta-receptor stimulation was achieved by infusing epinephrine and selectively blocking alpha- receptors with phentolamine, and alpha-receptor stimulation was achieved by infusing epinephrine and blocking beta-receptors with propranolol. Combined alpha- and beta-receptor stimulation caused a small but insignificant rise in hPP concentration. Phentolamine alone caused a twofold rise in hPP concentration, which was abolished by simultaneous atropine infusion. Propranolol alone had no effect. Adrenergic beta-receptor stimulation with epinephrine plus phentolamine caused a sevenfold rise from 45 +/- 10 to 351 +/- 60 pM (P < 0.05), whereas adrenergic alpha-receptor stimulation caused a significant fall from 100 +/- 25 pM (the rise in hPP concentration induced by epinephrine) to 44 +/- 7.8 pM. The changes in hPP concentration did not correlate with changes in serum insulin, glucose, or free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. The pattern of the response was quite different from insulin, while reached a peak within 1 min of phentolamine administration, whereas hPP levels rose slowly to a peak at 45 min. The rise induced by adrenergic beta-receptor stimulation with epinephrine plus phentolamine was equivalent to the rise from 40 +/- 11 to 280 +/- 48 pM caused by an insulin induced fall in serum glucose of about 50% and that induced by isoproterenol infusion, which caused a fourfold rise from 69 +/- 3 to 271 +/- 84 pM. These data suggest that the adrenergic system may be important in the regulation of hPP release. PMID- 6997133 TI - [Studies on the resistance to bacteria at the university department for gynaecology in Bern, Switzerland (author's transl)]. AB - The sensitivity studies of 706 cases from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 1977, at the University department of Gynaecology in Bern, Switzerland, were reviewed. The sensitivity studies were classified as to type of bacteria, site of infection and source of infection (hospital acquired or non-hospital acquired). The sensitivity of the bacteria to several antibacterial drugs was tested. E-coli was the leading cause of infection in 46.9% of the cases. The most frequent site of infection for both hospital acquired and non-hospital acquired infection was the urine. The number of hospital acquired infections was twice as high as the number of infections acquired outside of the hospital. No significant change in the sensitivity during the time of review was noted. PMID- 6997134 TI - Accumulation of pancreas-specific products during organogenesis of Acomys cahirinus. PMID- 6997135 TI - Plasmid screening at high colony density. AB - A procedure is described for screening bacterial colonies containing recombinant plasmids by nucleic acid hybridization at high density, i.e., at 100 000 colonies per 150 mm diameter plate. Small colonies are established on nitrocellulose filters from which they can be faithfully replicated to additional filters. Chloramphenicol amplification may be carried out in situ before screening. The filters may be kept frozen for long-term storage of colonies which may be further replicated after thawing. PMID- 6997136 TI - [The oldest sanitary engineering installations]. PMID- 6997137 TI - [Water study for the presence of Escherichia coli group bacteria according to All Union State Standard 18963-73]. PMID- 6997138 TI - [V. I. Lenin concerning the preventive trend in Soviet public health (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin)]. PMID- 6997139 TI - [History of the hygiene of industrial lighting in the USSR]. PMID- 6997141 TI - [Clinical evaluation of oral administration of prostaglandin E2 for labor induction]. PMID- 6997140 TI - [Circular suture of the cervix uteri as a supplementary tocolytic treatment of premature labor]. PMID- 6997142 TI - Relaxin in non-pregnant women during ovarian stimulation. AB - Around pharmacologically induced ovulation, inconstant immunoreactive plasma relaxin concentrations were observed. Increasing levels appear during HCG or LH RH induced lutinization. These values remain high as long as the corpus luteum is sustained. These observations may suggest that relaxin has a role during early luteinization and during the non-gestational lifespan of the corpus luteum in women. PMID- 6997143 TI - The Gillies' thumb lengthening operation. AB - The standard Gillies' thumb-stall operation is a most successful method of lengthening a thumb which has been lost in the region of the metacarpophalangeal joint and where all four fingers are intact. Pollicisation is not considered justifiable in such a case. The method achieves a result in a one-stage procedure and provides a strong, useful thumb although of limited length. Should a deeper thumb/index web be required, this may readily be achieved by a Z-plasty, although this has rarely been found necessary. Sensation on the tactile surface is good. We consider this is due to the fact that the median nerve supply over the palmar aspect of the thumb is left intact. Normal sensation has been demonstrated over the volar surface of the thumb is left intact. Normal sensation has been demonstrated over the volar surface of the thumb at an early stage following operation. The cosmetic appearance would, generally speaking, not be acceptable in a female patient and an alternative method has usually been used viz., tubed pedicle, bone graft and island flap. Free transfer of the second toe has given good cosmetic results and has been described by Gilbert and Tubiana (1979) and le Quang (1979). A working man, however, readily accepts the cosmetic result particularly when taken in conjunction with a relatively short rehabilitation period. PMID- 6997144 TI - Delayed primary suture of flexor tendons cut in the digital theca. AB - The results of delayed primary suture of flexor tendons cut in the digital theca in twenty five patients, thirty three affected fingers, are given. The patients had their skin closed at another hospital immediately after the injury. One to six days later the skin stitches were removed and tendon suture was performed. Excellent and very good results are obtained in 79.7% of all thirty three fingers operated upon. PMID- 6997145 TI - [Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes]. PMID- 6997147 TI - [Heart transplantation--past, present and future]. PMID- 6997146 TI - [Quinidine-induced subclinical hepatitis]. PMID- 6997150 TI - Planning vacations with dialysis patients. PMID- 6997148 TI - [Refractory Proteus meningitis in a child with a subdural epidermoid cyst]. PMID- 6997149 TI - Vocational rehabilitation for dialysis and transplant patients. PMID- 6997151 TI - [Outcome of frozen skin grafts following intravisceral implantation]. PMID- 6997152 TI - Demonstration of double-labelled branched neurons in the CNS of the rat by retrograde axonal transport of iron-dextran complex and HRP. An application to epoxy-embedded material. PMID- 6997154 TI - [The efficacy of eprazinone dihydrochloride (Eftapan) in double-blind studies]. AB - The excellent properties of the new substance eprazinone-dihydrochloride (Eftapan) was demonstrated in a double-blind trial. This agent showed marked secretolytic and bronchial spasmodic properties, further antitussive action and pain relief in the bronchial system. These effects were proven with the parameters of pulmonary function. The substance didn't show any side effect. PMID- 6997153 TI - Carbachol and insulin as prophase-inducing factors for myeloid cells in vitro. PMID- 6997155 TI - [Renocortical oxygen supply after kidney transplantation. Renocortical oxygen supply and kidney circulation after autologous kidney transplantation in the dog; its value for human kidney transplantation]. AB - Determination of the viability of a transplanted kidney is still an unsolved problem. Apart from immunological effects hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes in the kidney are important. Thus in 39 mongrel dogs renal floow flow (electromagnetic and local renocortical oxygen supply) and microcirculation (by meaning local tissue pO2) were determined before nephrectomy, immediately after revascularization and before sacrification in experiments with autologous transplantation. Whole kidney blood flow decreased by 30-40%. Measurements of tissue pO2 revealed distinct changes in renocortical oxygen supply. Graft function concomitantly was reduced. Hypotension during revascularization is followed by a strong decrease in renal blood flow and renocortical oxygen supply. Even short periods of hypotension should be avoided. PMID- 6997156 TI - [New aspects in cerebrospinal toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997157 TI - [Immunohistological studies in IgA nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997159 TI - Effects of insulin and gastro-intestinal hormones on feeding and plasma insulin levels in sheep. AB - Infusions of the following hormones were made into the hepatic vein of sheep over periods of three hours: pentagastrin (2.1, 5.0 or 9.9 micrograms/kg), pancreozymin (1.0 units/kg), secretin (2.0 units/kg), insulin (2.1 or 4.3 units/kg). Intake of the concentrate food was depressed by pentagastrin at 9.9 micrograms/kg/3 hr (P < 0.05) and increased by insulin at 4.3 units/kg/3 hr-(P < 0.05) Insulin levels in jugular plasma were unaffected by any of the gut hormone infusions. The liver is suggested as being involved in the control of food intake in sheep. PMID- 6997158 TI - Effect of glucose on the glucagon response after the electroconvulsive therapy in man. AB - The effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on plasma glucagon, insulin and glucose levels was studied in 5 male psychiatric patients. Plasma glucagon level was significantly increased 30 min after ECT with mild increase of plasma glucose, and insulin levels remained unchanged. Infusion of 40 g of glucose during 20 min prior to ECT led to a blockade of plasma glucagon response. Administration of glucose in bolus of 25 g I.V. immediately after ECT was followed by the same suppression of glucagon response, moreover, the glucose stimulation of insulin secretion after the ECT was reduced when compared to glucose administration alone (without ECT). These results indicate that the inhibitory role of glucose on pancreatic glucagon release is operating also in stress. However, the glucose-induced insulin secretion after ECT was suppressed as in other stress situations. PMID- 6997160 TI - Subcellular distribution of zinc in islet beta-cell fractions. PMID- 6997161 TI - Insulin secretion in maturity-onset-diabetes. Function of isolated islets. AB - An impaired insulin response to glucose is a characteristic finding in maturity onset diabetes (MOD). To clarify whether the decreased insulin response in vivo is related to a primary defect of the beta-cells, isolated islets of MOD - obtained by intraoperative biopsy - were examined for their insulin content, biosynthesis and release. The in vitro experiments showed that despite a missing or significantly reduced insulin response in vivo the isolated beta-cells of the same patients had a normal insulin content, a normal or even high biosynthesis, and insulin release could be induced by glucose. These results suggest that the primary defect in MoD cannot be related to an intrinsic failure of the beta-cells to response to glucose; extrapancreatic factors seem to influence their reaction to glucose. These factors may be of a higher level in those patients or the reaction of the beta-cells is more inhibited by the same concentrations in diabetic patients. PMID- 6997162 TI - Monolayer culture of human fetal and adult pancreas. Static and dynamic studies of insulin release in vitro. AB - Insulin release from pancreata of human fetuses aged 4 to 9 months and from adult pancreata were studied in monolayer cell culture by static incubation and perifusion technique. Fetal pancreata at the midterm of gestation (4 to 6 months) showed no response of insulin release to glucose. In a case of 9 months-old fetus, in which a small but significant increase of insulin release was observed with glucose (300 mg/ml). Tolbutamide (100 microgram/ml) had no effect on insulin release from all the pancreata of fetuses tested. Caffeine (5 and 10 mM), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, potentiated insulin release by itself and also induced the glucose-stimulated insulin release from the fetal pancreata in the dose related manner. Glucagon (2 microgram/ml), L-isoproterenol (2 microgram/ml), L-arginine (10 mM) and L-leucine (10 mM) failed to induce any increase of insulin release from fetal pancreata. In the presence of caffeine, the significant increase of insulin release from fetal pancreata was observed with L-leucine, but not with L-arginine. There was no evidence of the maturation of B-cells during the culture periods (4 to 8 days), probably lacking the key steps of stimulus secretion couplings in relation to adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system. By contrast, glucose (100 and 300 mg/100 ml), tolbutamide (100 microgram/ml), L arginine (10 mM) and caffeine (5 mM) caused a significant increase of insulin release from adult pancreata. Thus, the development of human pancreatic B-cells seems to depend substantially on gestational age, being ready to equip most machinary of insulin release before delivery. PMID- 6997163 TI - Human pancreatic polypeptide: studies in fasting and in the growth hormone deficient state. AB - Human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) was measured in eight normal subjects and six growth hormone deficient dwarfs after insulin-induced hypoglycemia. hPP concentrations increased similarly in both groups with induction of hypoglycemia. In eight normal subjects fasted for 72 hours, no significant elevation of hPP occurred. This is contrary to a previous report indicating such a relationship. Despite the rationale that hPP might play a role in the metabolism of fasting and that its secretion might be altered by growth hormone, no evidence for these relationships could be documented in man. PMID- 6997164 TI - Metabolic and histological pancreatic changes induced by orchidectomy in dogs. PMID- 6997165 TI - Insulin as a cellular growth regulator of rat arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. AB - Smooth muscle cells were grown from thoracic aortas of rats. The effect of insulin on the proliferation of these cells was studied by comparing the growth of cells in culture medium containing insulin and 1% fetal calf serum with growth of cells in culture medium containing only 1% serum and in culture medium containing 10% serum. Insulin in concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 1000 and 10 000 microunits/ml induced smooth muscle cells to stationary growth more rapidly than basal medium. This could be demonstrated as well in the logarithmic growth as in confluent cells grown in medium with 1% serum. However, the highest concentration of insulin did not stimulate growth to the same degree as medium containing 10% serum. Cells that were older in culture life (11th passage) did not show a growth response to insulin. PMID- 6997166 TI - Modulation of pituitary LH and prolactin pools in amenorrheic women. I. Effects of high dose estrogen or gestagen treatment. PMID- 6997167 TI - Morphine sulfate inhibits insulin release from isolated, superfused rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 6997168 TI - Decreased erythrocyte insulin receptor binding in diabetic man with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6997169 TI - Leucin-enkephalin plasma levels after an oral or intravenous arginine stimulation in rats. PMID- 6997170 TI - Morphology and metabolism of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Isolated hepatocytes obtained by collagenase perfusion of adult rat livers were seeded on collagen gels and kept in a chemically defined culture medium (except for the first 6 h of culture where 10% fetal calf serum was added). Cells adopted an epitheloid shape within 4 h and arranged themselves in a trabeculae-like pattern during the first 20 h of culture. In the electron microscope numerous tight junctions and bile capillaries were observed at sites of cell-to-cell contact. From metabolite analyses in the culture medium the following conclusions can be drawn: The cells continued to synthesize urea and ketone bodies for 5 days of culture. The cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states of the nicotinamide adenine nucleotide systsm were as in the liver in vivo and the oxygen supply of hepatocytes was sufficient under the culture conditions. Maximal velocities of ketogenesis from octanoate and of urea formation from ornithine plus ammonium chloride were stable during a 120 h culture period and compared well with rates found in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 6997171 TI - Purification to homogeneity of an insulin-degrading enzyme from human erythrocytes. AB - The purification of an enzyme is described, a protease, from human erythrocytes which degrades insulin with a high specificity at physiological hormone concentrations. Since the enzyme contains free sulfhydryl groups, affinity chromatography on organomercuri-Sepharose proved to be applicable as a valuable step in the isolation procedure. The purification factor amounted to approx. 6000, the yield to 8%. 1mg of purified enzyme was capable of degrading 50 pmol of insulin/min into trichloroacetic acid-soluble split products. The purified insulin-degrading enzyme was shown to be homogeneous, as demonstrated by gel chromatography, gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric points was at pH 5.8. The molecular weight of nativ enzyme was estimated by gel chromatography and gel electrophoresis and found to be about 150 000-160 000, consisting of 4 subunits. Degradation products of insulin eluted from a Biogel P 30 column are smaller than the A-chain of the hormone, suggesting the activity of a protease. The enzyme appears to be specific for insulin in that it does not degrade other peptide hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, or thyroid stimulating hormone. Furthermore, the enzyme does not inactivate enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, hexosephosphate isomerase or hexokinase. PMID- 6997172 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte granule proteinases by natural inhibitors isolated from colostrum and bull seminal plasma. PMID- 6997173 TI - The preparation of two mutant forms of human insulin, containing leucine in position B24 or B25, by enzyme-assisted synthesis. PMID- 6997174 TI - Amino acid sequence studies on T4 gene 32 DNA-binding proteins. AB - The amino acid sequence of a total of 281 residues (85%) out of 333 residues from T4 gene 32 protein has been determined. The unusual characteristics of the amino terminal A and carboxyl-terminal B regions are discussed in relation to their possible roles in DNA replication and genetic recombination. PMID- 6997176 TI - Are prepaid plans ideal for public hospitals? PMID- 6997175 TI - Insulin-like activity of bradykinin on amino acid balances across the human forearm. AB - In order to investigate whether bradykinin which has been shown to improve carbohydrate metabolism of skeletal muscle exhibits also insulin-like activity on amino acid metabolism, balances of oxygen and 13 amino acids across the forearm and forearm blood flow were determined in normal subjects during the arterial infusion of insulin (n = 9, 250 mu-units x kg-1 x min-1), bradykinin (n = 7, 0.2 ng x kg-1 x min-1) and papverine (n = 5, 2 microgram x kg-1 x min-1). As expected, the infusion of insulin exhibited significant reduction of the release of glycine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, threonine and isoleucine. As insulin, bradykinin lessened the release of 9 amino acids: Glycine, serine, ornithin, valine, leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine. On the contrary, papaverine which exhibited almost identical accelerationof forearm blood flow as bradykinin, did not influence the amino acid release from forearm muscle. These findings further support the notion that kinins liberated during muscle work might be involved in the work-induced insulin-like action on carbohydrate- and also on amino acid metabolism. PMID- 6997177 TI - Strep vaccine. PMID- 6997178 TI - Cardiovascular 'insults' in scleroderma analyzed. PMID- 6997180 TI - Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemia. PMID- 6997179 TI - Glucocorticoids in prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Low doses of the synthetic steroid betamethasone can be effective in preventing neonatal RDS. Administration during the 48 hours immediately before delivery of infants between the 26th and 34th weeks of gestation is optimally effective. The article provides guidelines for this approach, describes its hazards, and discusses possible ways by which glucocorticoids prevent neonatal RDS. PMID- 6997181 TI - Malignant lymphomas: The role of immunologic markers in diagnosis, subclassification, and management. PMID- 6997182 TI - Immune and autoimmune aspects of diabetes mellitus. AB - The immune and autoimmune aspects of diabetes mellitus are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the clinical association of diabetes with other autoimmune disease; the increased incidence of organ-specific autoimmunity in diabetic patients; the occurrence of humoral and cell-mediated antipancreas (islet) autoimmunity in diabetes; the association of HLA with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and with certain specific subpopulations of diabetic patients; the possible role of viruses in the etiology of diabetes; and the occurrence of alterations in humoral and cell-mediated immunity, granulocyte function, and the host defense against infectious agents in human diabetics and in animals with experimental diabetes. PMID- 6997183 TI - Collagen polymorphism in the lung. An immunochemical study of pulmonary fibrosis. AB - The localization of type I, III, IV, and AB2 (V) collagens in normal and fibrotic human lungs was studied by indirect immunofluorescence techniques with affinity purified antibodies specific for these types of collagen. In the normal lung type I collagen appears to be localized to the interstitium of alveolar septa in irregular patterns. Type III appears to have a more prominent, irregular localization in septa and a perivascular localization. Types IV and V codistribute in linear patterns on alveolar and capillary basement membranes. Type V is also present in the interstitium. Dramatic changes in relative amounts and localization were noted in fibrotic lung samples by fluorescence microscopy. In fibrotic lung samples there is a marked increase in type I in thickened septae. Type III is markedly reduced and seen only in perivascular localization. Type V is markedly increased in the interstitium and located in areas of smooth muscle cell proliferation. No apparent change is noted in amount or localization of type IV collagen. These findings correlate well with biochemical data relating to the amounts of various collagens isolated by enzymatic extraction techniques. These results are discussed with respect to staging and evolution of the fibrotic process. PMID- 6997184 TI - A real-time microprocessor-based ECG contour analysis system utilizing decision tables. PMID- 6997185 TI - Chemically defined serum-free media for the cultivation of primary cells and their susceptibility to viruses. AB - Chemically defined media SFRE-199-1 for the growth and SFRE-199-2 for the maintenance of primary baboon kidney (Bak) cell cultures were formulated by supplementing medium M199 with insulin, sodium pyruvate, zinc sulfate, and increasing arginine-HCl, cysteine, cystine, L-glutamine, L-glutamatic acid, glycine, histidine, tyrosine, and glucose to maximally active nontoxic concentrations. For prolonged maintenance of the cells, physiological pH control, and blocking of excessive lactic acid accumulation in the spent medium of the cell cultures, it is necessary to supplement the medium containing Earle's balanced salts with D-(+)galactose. The cells grew and were maintained equally well on glass or polystyrene surfaces. Selenium, when added to growth medium or substituted for insulin and zinc sulfate, did not stimulate cell growth. Electron microscopy showed that numerous dense particles, approximately 250 to 400 A in diameter, with the appearance of glycogen, were found throughout the cytoplasm in the cells grown in SFRE-199-1 and maintained in SFRE-199-2. Echovirus types 1 to 3, poliovirus types 1 to 3, coxsackievirus types B2, B4, B5, Herpes-virus hominis type 1, simian herpesvirus H. simiae and SA8, and simian adenovirus SV34 when titrated in primary Bak cells and grown and maintained in SFRE-199-1 and 2, respectively, developed titers comparable to those obtained in conventionally grown and maintained cells. PMID- 6997186 TI - Autologous and homologous immunofluorescent antibody to established breast cancer cell lines. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence tests were performed on 14 established human breast cancer cell lines using sera from a variety of subjects. Autologous reactions were studied on 10 cell lines, with positive reactions demonstrable in 8. Tests using sera from a randomly selected population of breast cancer patients showed reactivity in 40 to 66% depending on the target cell line used. Reactivity to other nonbreast cancer cell lines was rare. Several control populations were tested, including normal blood bank donors, persons with benign breast disease, and persons with other forms of cancer; immunofluorescent antibody was detected much less frequently in sera from these populations than those from the breast cancer group. Positive reactions remained in spite of absorption of serum with heterophile antigens, normal human breast tissue, and AB+ red blood cells. Thus established cell lines of human breast cancer possess antigens commonly recognized by sera from breast cancer patients. PMID- 6997187 TI - Throat swab cultures and ASO titres in rheumatic fever in adolescents and adults. PMID- 6997188 TI - [Serological diagnosis of viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Properties of the infective agent, pathogenesis, epidemiology and host defenses of hepatitis-virus A and B are described. The usual serological tests for diagnosis of viral hepatitis are outlined and illustrated by six typical cases of different etiology and course. PMID- 6997189 TI - Effect of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-derived polysaccharides, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides on rabbit and human platelets in vitro. AB - The in vitro effect of gram-negative bacterial LPS-derived polysaccharide (PS), glycolipid (GL), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated both on rabbit and human platelets. Rabbit platelets aggregated when they were treated with either GL or LPS, but no aggregation occurred when PS was used. No aggregation occurred when human platelets were treated with LPS, PS, or GL. However, when either human or rabbit platelets were treated with LPS-antibody complexes (LPS-ab), aggregation took place. Guinea-pig serum inhibited the aggregation caused by LPS ab, but had no effect on rabbit platelet aggregation caused by LPS or GL alone. The factor(s) in guinea-pig serum that inhibited aggregation was heat-stable. These results suggest that there may be two different mechanisms involved in rabbit platelet aggregation by endotoxin in vitro. Using human platelets, only one mechanism was observed. PMID- 6997191 TI - Use of protein A bearing Staphylococcus aureus in enzyme immunoassay (EIA). AB - Bovine serum albumin labeled with alkaline phosphatase and antibody have been employed as a model to determine if the use of Protein A bearing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SACI) bacteria could be extended to enzyme immunoassay (EIA). SACI do not activate "per se" the enzyme substrate and bind aspectifically minimum amount of enzyme labeled antigen. Experimental conditions are described for the use of SACI both in macro and micro EIA assay which allows the processing of numerous samples with minimum handling. The sensitivity of the EIA is comparable with radioassy (EIA 2ng-RIA 4ng) which uses SACI in place of second antibody. The inhibition test can be performed in 4 hours time. These results suggest that the stability of SACI when combined with that of enzyme labeled antigens can widen the use of EIA, both for investigative and clinical studies. PMID- 6997190 TI - Chemical characterization of macrophage cytotoxicity factor, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, T-helper cell-replacing factor and colony-stimulating factor from culture supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated murine spleen cells. AB - Supernatants from Concanavalin A-stimulated murine spleen cells were subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. Macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), T-helper cell-replacing factor (TRF) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were bound at high ionic strength and were released stepwise at low ionic strength. CSF thus could be separated from MCF, MIF and TRF and the bulk of other proteins. Chromatograhy of pools containing MCF, MIF and TRF on Sephadex did not lead to a separation of the three activities which were all found in a molecular weight range of 25.000-55.000. Isoelectric focusing of these pools in pH range from 4 to 9 gave two peaks for MCF in a single sharp peak at pH 5.3. The results demonstrate that the four biological activities can be distinguished on a chemical basis and are accessible for purification and chemical characterization. PMID- 6997192 TI - Expression of binding sites for peanut agglutinin during murine B lymphocyte differentiation. AB - Haemopoietic cells from several murine organs were examined for the presence of peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptors. Foetal liver and adult bone marrow contained a number of cells, which were PNA+ but did not stain with conventional T and B markers. Some of the PNA+ cells, however, were pre-B cells, as shown by the presence of cytoplasmic IgM in the absence of cell surface Ig. Cells in the T lineage retained their PNA receptors during maturation, although these became masked by sialic acid on mature peripheral blood T cells. Cells of the B lineage, in contrast, gradually lost their PNA receptors as they matured from pre-B to mature surface immunoglobulin positive B lymphocytes. PMID- 6997193 TI - Confirmatory evidence for the existence of two types of receptor sites for Con A on mouse lymphocytes. AB - Splenic lymphocytes of normal AKR mice (NSL) were sequentially treated with two Con A preparations, each labelled with a different fluorochrome. cells were allowed to cap rhodamine-labelled Con A (TRITC-Con A). They were subsequently incubated with fluorescein-labelled Con A (FITC-Con A). FITC-Con A bound to cell in the region of the cell membrane which was free of the first label after capping. Such mutually exclusive localization of Con A receptors was not observed in the NSL which did not undergo redistribution. This provides direct confirmatory evidence in support of the existence of two behaviourally distinct types of Con A receptors on AKR lymphocytes. PMID- 6997194 TI - Induction and separation of mouse helper T cells by lectins. AB - The capability of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LcA) to induce selectively the helper T cell activity affecting primary antibody response was demonstrated. In the presence of mouse spleen cells, activated with LcA at a concentration of 12 . 5 microgram/ml, optimal augmentation of the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was observed. It was also demonstrated that Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA), which was shown to possess carbohydrate-binding specificity directed to sialic acid residues, preferentially agglutinated helper T cells. Conversely, peanut agglutinin (PNA), which binds preferentially to the sugar sequence beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc, did not agglutinate the helper cells. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of LPA-agglutinated cells on the antibody response was abolished by treatment of the cells with anti-Thy-1 . 2 and complement. These results suggested that the helper cells induced by LcA were T cells and that they have abundant sialic acid residues exposed on the cell surface. PMID- 6997196 TI - The challenge of the early days of human histocompatibility. PMID- 6997195 TI - An immunofluorescence study of IgG receptors in rodent enterocytes. AB - Locations of IgG receptors in the small intestine of suckling rats were visualized by treating sections of the gut with IgG and FITC-labelled anti-IgG antibodies. Receptors, operative optimally at acid pH, occurred only in younger rats whose intestines were still permeable to antibodies; they were located on the brush borders of the enterocytes on the apical parts of the villi in the duodenum and jejunum. Premature disappearance of the receptors from the gut was achieved by cortisone treatment. In rats and mice, IgG from different species each competed for attachment to the receptors in vitro in the same way as it inhibited the transmission of other IgG across the intestine in vivo, thus reflecting the involvement of the receptors in the transport mechanism. PMID- 6997197 TI - Immunogenetics of response to a purified antigen from group A streptococci. I. Complex segregation analysis. AB - A purified, extracellular protein, M. W. 17500, from group A streptococci was used in an in vitro model to study genetic aspects of immune responsiveness. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from members of eight nuclear families and one kindred of three generations were isolated and purified by F-icoll-Isopaque flotation and cultured together with varying concentrations of antigen. A summary measure of the antigen response data (measured as CPM) was constructed through a weighted regression analysis of response on dose. Commingling analysis of the standardized regression coefficients provided evidence for the existence of two underlaying distributions. Segregation analysis confirmed that response to this antigen is controlled by a major gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. PMID- 6997198 TI - Streptococcal pyoderma and acute glomerulonephritis in children. PMID- 6997199 TI - Microplate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6997200 TI - Epidemiological studies on bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh): baseline filariometric indices. PMID- 6997201 TI - Alterations in metabolism following injury: part II. PMID- 6997203 TI - Assay of rubella antibody by passive hemagglutination and by a modified indirect immunofluorescence test. AB - The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test and a modified indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test were compared with the standard hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the assay of rubella antibody. For sera from healthy individuals with or without detectable rubella antibody the agreement between the new and the standard procedure was 96.4% for the PHA and 98.1% for the IF test. In rubella patients with serologic confirmation by HI, the IF test detected significant rises in 219 (99.1%) of 221 patients and the PHA test detected antibody conversion in 68 (93%) of 73 patients. In some circumstances the PHA or the IF test may facilitate a presumptive or definitive diagnosis. Absence of PHA reactions in single sera from patients with HI antibody was often (41% of such cases) an early indication of current rubella infection. IF antibody increased more gradually than HI antibody in rubella patients, and diagnostic IF titer rises were observed in several cases when HI titers had reached a plateau. PMID- 6997202 TI - [Production and purification of thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. AB - Heat labile enterotoxin (LT toxin) of Escherichia coli could be produced optimally and quantitatively in a trypticase soy broth with 0.2% yeast extract after 12 hours. Treatment of the cells with polymyxin B increased the yield of LT toxin. After concentration by ammonium sulphate precipitation, the LT toxin fraction was separated successfully from other proteins by Ultrogel AcA-34 gel exclusion chromatography. A 0.15 mol/l Tris-HCl buffer with gradually increasing pH was used as eluent. Purity was determined by gel electrophoresis. The presence of LT toxin in one isolated fraction ws demonstrated in vitro by assaying activity in the intestines of rats (by collection of liquid and quantification of cAMP in intestinal fluid). The reproducibility of the LT fraction was ascertained by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The LT fraction had a molecular weight of 72,000 dalton. Two subunits of the toxin with molecular weights of 30,000 and 40,000 dalton respectively were found. PMID- 6997204 TI - [Inhibitors of folic acid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to antibiotic research, the study of folic acid metabolism and folic acid antagonists is conducted in the classical tradition of chemotherapy established by Paul Ehrlich. The elucidation of the mechanism of action of sulphonamides created an important prerequisite for the understanding of the biosynthesis of folic acid. The synthesis of inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase was guided on the one hand by the structure of dihydrofolate itself, and on the other hand by the fact that this substnce is essential for the growth of certain bacteria. Both approaches led to the synthesis of compounds which were effective and could be used therapeutically. The mechanism of selectivity of folic acid antagonists is described. A short account of the biochemical and genetic basis of resistance to folic acid antagonists is also given. The study of folic acid metabolism and folic acid antagonists provides a good example of the successful interaction of mechanistically inspired biochemical and chemical methods on the one hand, and an empirical approach characterised by the study of more complex biological phenomena on the other hand. PMID- 6997205 TI - Progress in antimycotic chemotherapy 1945-1980. AB - Before 1950 no reliable or safe therapy existed for systemic and invasive mycoses, and only traditional and empirical topical preparations were available for dermatomycoses. Two distinct eras of rapid progress in antifungal therapy followed: first, in the 1950's came the introduction of the polyenes, nystatin and pimaricin for cutaneous, vaginal and intestinal candidiasis, and amphotericin B for the treatment of severe systemic mycoses. The second phase saw the successful introduction and clinical use of 5-fluorocytosine and several imidazole derivatives some twenty years later, at a time when the vast increase in iatrogenic systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi had created an urgent and pressing need for new agents in addition to those still effective. PMID- 6997206 TI - [Therapy of salmonella enteritis with special reference to lactulose (author's transl)]. AB - Excretion of Salmonellae in two groups of outpatients with Salmonellae is discussed. In one group of 51 adults, a total of 30 different serotypes were isolated. These patients were treated with lactulose and after four weeks the organisms had been eliminated in 68.6%. In a group of 23 adults receiving no treatment whatsoever, 56.5% were still excreting the organism after four weeks. Of the 64 in-patients studied, 37 received various antibiotics, 14 lactulose and in 13 only the symptoms were treated. The length of the excretion period was longer for the group receiving antibiotics (four weeks after onset of illness 67.8% were still excreting the organism). Treatment with lactulose, however, resulted in a shorter period of excretion for these patients. Special aspects of the various groups - e.g. age structure, pattern of infecting organisms - are reported in detail. PMID- 6997207 TI - Chemotaxis. AB - Chemotaxis is defined as the ability of living cells to determine the direction of their locomotion along a concentration gradient of attractant and repellant substances. A survey is given of the various in vitro techniques for detecting chemotaxis in leukocytes including monocyte macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes and bacterial cells. Biological substances such as complement and its components, factors derived from lymphocytes and other proteins which cause chemotaxis are also described. Finally, reference is made to the relationship between chemotaxis and manifestations of disease (e.g. inflammatory response) and defects in the chemotaxis-inducting systems in man in certain diseases (Chediak Higashi syndrome, lazy leukocyte syndrome, etc.). Possible means of therapy of abnormal chemotaxis in man are still in the discussion stage. PMID- 6997208 TI - [Surgical procedure for salmonellosis of the urogenital tract (author's transl)]. AB - A 45-year-old man with multiple abscesses caused by Salmonella typhi murium in the left kidney is presented. The patient had bilateral polycystic renal degeneration and terminal renal insufficiency. The illness manifested itself clinically as a case of septicaemia which did not respond to antibiotic treatment, and pain in the left flank. There was concomitant haematuria. The patient was treated with dicumarol for thrombosis of the Chimino shunt. The symptoms receded following nephrectomy. The patient is to be considered cured in the absence of positive findings in the urine, blood, sputum, gastric juices or faeces. PMID- 6997209 TI - [An experimental study on erythromycin in combination with beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Combinations of erythromycin with penicillins (ampicillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin and mezlocillin) and with aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin and sisomicin) were tested for their efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the checkerboard technique. No antagonistic effect could be ascertained. Synergistic effects (inhibition with 25% of the effective antibiotic concentration after mono-application) were seen only in rare instances using the penicillin/erythromycin combinations. In over 30% of the tests the aminoglycoside/erythromycin combinations were synergistically effective against E. coli. PMID- 6997210 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - Aminoglycosides are widely used antibacterial agents, particularly for serious infections. They have a narrow therapeutic margin of efficacy over toxicity relative to many other agents, a disadvantage which can be obviated to some extent by precise dosing regulated by blood concentration monitoring. The relationships of efficacy and toxicity to concentrations are discussed, as are the practical aspects of clinical indications for monitoring and specimen collection. Dosing by predictive methods is useful but not always of sufficient precision. A large number of methods for assay are now available. With care, microbilogical plate assays can give results of adequate accuracy and selectivity, and with sufficient speed. Immunoassays give more accurate, specific and rapid answers; EMIT, in particular, seems the best method available at the present time. Whichever method is used, control of its accuracy is essential. PMID- 6997211 TI - Detection of candida antigenemia in human invasive candidiasis by a new solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - There is a continuing need to develop reliable non-invasive methods to aid in the early diagnosis of disseminatyed candidiasis. We report the development of a solid phase "sandwich" radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of soluble cytoplasmic protein antigens (SPA) of Candida albicans in patients with systemic candidiasis. SPA were prepared by ultrasonic disruption of blastospores of C. albicans. Anti-SPA IgG was covalently linked to a solid phase of polyacrylamide like microspheres. Standard amounts of patient sample or SPA in pooled normal human serum were reacted with the conjugated microspheres, washed and reacted with anti-SPA IgG-125I. The amount of antigen was directly correlated with the amount of bound 125I-IgG anti-SPA. In a retrospective analysis, circulating SPA in the range of 0.5-1.6 microgram/ml was detected in the serum of 12 of 19 patients (63%) with documented systemic candidiasis. There was no detectable SPA in the serum of 20 hospitalized patients with bacteremia, two patients with aspergillosis, one with cryptococcosis, and three with invasive Candida tropicalis. We observed no crossreaction of the RIA with mannan from C. albicans, coccidioidin or culture filtrate antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus. There was significant inhibition of the RIA by serum samples from two patients with chronic candidiasis suggestive of anti-SPA antibody excess. The solid phase RIA to detect circulating SPA can provide a useful noninvasive method for the diagnosis of systemic C. albicans infection. PMID- 6997212 TI - The effects of ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on the periurethral flora of children with urinary tract infection. AB - Ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were shown to be of similar efficacy in the treatment of acute urinary tract infection of children. It was of interest to determine the effects of these antimicrobial drugs on the periurethral flora and recurrence rates. To this end, seventeen girls with twenty-two separate infections of the urinary tract were treated randomly with a ten-day course of either ampicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Cultures of the urine and periurethral area were obtained before, during (third day), and after (seventeenth day) therapy. All Escherichia coli strains were serotyped. Both treatments resulted in the disappearance of the pathogens from the urine by the third day in all cases, and in all but one patient on the seventeenth day. The causative agents persisted more frequently in the periurethral area than in the urine on both the third and seventeenth days in patients treated with either ampicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The recurrence rates by the seventeenth day were 50% (4/8) in the ampicillin group, and 14% (2/14) in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group. Although suggestive in favor of the latter treatment, the difference is not statistically significant. In two of the three re-infections in the ampicillin group the microorganisms causing the second attack were present in the periurethral area on the third day. Sixteen of the seventeen girls were studied radiologically; six (37%) had radiologic abnormalities. PMID- 6997213 TI - Identification of a carbohydrate receptor recognized by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. AB - Earlier investigations have shown that pyelonephritic Escherichia coli specifically recognize and bind to carbohydrate structures correlated to the P blood group antigens. These findings are confirmed and extended in this study. Twenty-two of 23 nonselected E. coli strains from children with acute febrile pyelonephritis failed to agglutinate human erythrocytes lacking the antigens within the P blood group system. Only one of 32 faecal isolates exhibited this specific agglutinating property. The new informatin in this paper is that P2k erythrocytes, containing only the Pk antigen, were agglutinated to the same extent by pyelonephritic E. coli strains, giving further support to the proposal that the Pk glycosphingolipid is related to the receptor for pyelonephritic E. coli. In addition, the importance of the oligosaccharide moiety of the Pk glycosphingolipid for the binding of E. coli was further investigated. The synthesized disaccharide alpha-D-Galp-(1-4)-beta-D-Galp-1-O-0-NO2 inhibited the agglutination of human erythrocytes caused by two pyelonephritic E. coli strains at concentrations of less than 1 mM. Hence, the minimal receptor structure recognized by these E. coli strains appears to be the alpha-D-Galp-(1-4)-beta-D Galp structure. How generally valid this observation may be needs further investigation. The findings may open new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6997214 TI - Long term evaluation of osseous grafts in periodontal therapy. AB - Osseous grafting therapy has been shown to be clinically successful for time intervals exceeding 20 years when encompassed in a comprehensive care programme based on effective daily plaque control by the patient and a professionally supervised periodontal maintenance programme. Although other treatment modalities have also yielded favourable clinical results over varying time intervals, only osseous grafting therapy has demonstrated histologic regeneration of lost periodontium consisting of new cementum, alveolar process and a functionally orientated periodontal ligament in the human. While the frequency of such regeneration is only speculative at this time, studies to identify factors enhancing favourable reponse will hopefully afford the practitioner a predictable technique for periodontal reconstruction in the future. For the present, biometric and histometric data assure osseous grafting a place in currently accepted therapy for the pocket-osseous defect. PMID- 6997215 TI - Occlusal sealants: rationale and review of clinical trials. PMID- 6997216 TI - Root planing and curettage. AB - Root planing and curettage are at least as satisfactory as other surgical techniques for the gain and maintenance of attachment in most periodontal pockets. Reduction of pocket depth and root exposure are less following subgingival curettage than after other modalities of surgery. It is not known if soft tissue curettage adds anything to the results of scaling and root planing. Curettage is demanding with regards to technical skill and time, and may be impractical in many instances compared to flap surgery. PMID- 6997217 TI - Isolation of principal cells and basal cells by elutriation of suspensions of rat epididymal tissue. AB - A technique was developed to aseptically prepare suspensions enriched in principal cells or basal cells of the caput epididymidis in number sufficient for physiological studies. To provide sperm-free tissue the efferent ducts of adult rats were ligated 6 days before use. Tissue from the caput epididymidis was minced and dissociated enzymatically. Dissociated cells (1.0-1.4 x 10(8)) were introduced with a buffer flow of 20 ml/min into a Beckman elutriator rotor operating at 1600 rpm. Cells other than principal cells passed through the elutriation chamber. Prinicipal cells were collected by decreasing rotor speed while increasing buffer flow to 30 ml/min. Cells initially passing through the rotor were reintroduced at a flow of 10 ml/min; only basal cells were elutriated. The principal-cell fraction contained an average (N=7) of 23 x 10(6) cells of which 71% were principal cells and 16% were basal cells. Cells in this fraction had an energy charge of 0.92 and 71% excluded erythrosin-B dye. The basal-cell fraction typically contained 30 x 10(6) cells of which 80% were basal cells and 7% were principal cells. These cells had an energy charge of 0.83 and 85% excluded dye. PMID- 6997219 TI - Hypnosis treatment for smoking: an evaluative review. PMID- 6997220 TI - Hypnotic responsivity as a predictor of outcome in meditation. PMID- 6997218 TI - Hemodialysis/hemofiltration: a report of a controlled cross-over study. AB - In 14 stable ESRD patients an ABA cross-over study comparing conventional hemodialysis with post-dilution hemofiltration was performed in order to test the validity of clinical benefits reported for hemofiltration. No effect on blood pressure could be observed in hypertensive hemofiltration patients when body weight was kept constant. The claimed positive effect of hemofiltration on hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients could not be confirmed. A treatment with 3x81 I infusate per week seems to be insufficient treatment in regard to small molecule removal especially in heavy patients without any residual renal function. The decrease in urea nitrogen generation rate during the hemofiltration period might be the result of the lower small molecule removal in hemofiltration when compared to hemodialysis. The main clinical benefit of hemofiltration results from improved tolerance to volume removal due to improved hemodynamic stability during treatment. PMID- 6997221 TI - The renin-aldosterone system in low-dose chlorothiazide treatment of hypertensive subjects. AB - Eight patients with essential hypertension were treated with chlorothizide 250 mg daily for 4 weeks with 500 mg daily for further 8 weeks. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) decreased significantly during the lower dosage (p < 0.05). Only the diastolic BP continued decrease during the higher dosage regimen of chlorothiazide (p < 0.05). Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) did not increase during the lower dosage of chlorothiazide. During 4 weeks on the dosage of 500 mg of chlorothiazide daily, PRA increased by 79 per cent (p < 0.001) and PA by 66 per cent (p < 0.001) from the level of the lower dosage. During the next 4 weeks, no changes in PRA or PA were seen. The result shows the strong compensatory activation renin-aldosterone system on the usual chlorothiazide therapy. In spite of a decrease in BP, the lower dosage was not accompanied with any significant compensation. Renin-aldosterone system during diuretic therapy not only causes the so-called false tolerance to antihypertensive effect, but also potentiates the loss of potassium. This can best be avoided by using the minimal effective dosage of the diuretic drug. PMID- 6997222 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in ocular and orbital structures of the cat. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuronal peptide of ubiquitous occurrence in the body, is known to have strong vasodilatory effects and to promote secretion from many exocrine glands. Nerves displaying VIP immunoreactivity (VIP nerves) were detected in several orbital structures of the cat. Such nerves were numerous in the lacrimal glands and somewhat less numerous in the Harderian glands and the tarsal glands. The nerves surrounded glandular acini and small blood vessels. Intraocularly, VIP nerves were seen in the ciliary processes, in the posterior third of the ciliary muscle, and around small to medium-sized blood vessels in the posterior uvea. VIP nerve fibers were absent from vessels in the anterior uvea. This distribution may explain why intracranial stimulation in the oculomotor nerve exit region dilates the vessels of the choroid but not those of the iris. A large number of VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Extirpation of this ganglion resulted in the disappearance of VIP nerves from the intraocular structures and from the lacrimal and Harderian glands. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion and the ciliary ganglion did not affect the VIP nerve supply. The results suggest that the VIP nerves originate in the pterygopalatine ganglion. PMID- 6997223 TI - Insulin sensitivity and sorbitol production of the normal rabbit corneal epithelium in vitro. AB - Insulin-depleted, normal rabbit corneal epithelium was incubated in vitro in tissue culture medium containing high concentrations of glucose (35 mM). These short-term incubations showed that the epithelium took up glucose equally whether or not insulin had been added to the medium, indicating that corneal epithelium is an insulin-insensitive tissue. Sorbitol accumulation showed that the normal corneal epithelium has a sorbitol pathway which can be activated in the presence of high intracellular glucose. The low level of sorbitol accumulation in these normal epithelia is probably not osmotically significant. PMID- 6997224 TI - An improved light microscopical histoquantitative method for the stereological analysis of the rat ventral prostate lobe. AB - An improved light microscopical histoquantitative method for the analysis of the stereologic structure of the ventral lobe of the rat prostate is introduced. From paraffin-embedded tissue sections, volumetric fractions of the acinar parenchyma, the glandular epithelium, the glandular lumen, and the interacinar tissue were determined. The surface density of the glandular epithelium and the length density of the glandular tubules per cubic millimeter of tissue were also calculated. The corresponding total amount/quantity of each tissue compartment was computed for the whole ventral lobe based on the weight of the lobe. Using established stereologic laws, the height of the epithelium, the diameter of the glandular tubules, the free distance between the glandular tubules, and the distance between the glandular centers (means) were determined. The fitness of the method was tested by analyzing, in addition to normal prostates, ventral prostates of rats castrated 30 days before sacrifice. PMID- 6997225 TI - Effect of immunologic donor pretreatment on survival of perfused canine renal allografts. AB - We evaluated the effect of immunologic donor pretreatment followed by perfusion preservation on canine renal allograft survival. Donor-recipient pairs were selected on the basis of dog erythrocyte identity, a negative white blood-cell crossmatch, equivalent dog leukocyte matching, and significant mixed lymphocyte culture stimulation. Four hours before nephrectomy, all donors were pretreated with either normal saline or cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. After donor nephrectomy, all grafts were preserved by pulsatile perfusion for 24 hr. Transplantation into the matched recipient was performed with simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy. No significant difference was found in the postoperative serum creatinine levels or median allograft survival between the two groups. This controlled study showed no beneficial effect of donor pretreatment on survival of perfused canine renal allografts. PMID- 6997227 TI - Carl Ludwig Schleich (1859-1922). PMID- 6997228 TI - Prevention of infected urinary stones in rats by urease inhibitor: a new hydroxamic acid derivative. AB - We tested the inhibitory power and urinary excretion of several derivatives of hippurohydroxamic acid, including some newly synthesized compounds. m Methoxyhippurohydroxamic acid (UCD II) strongly inhibited urease activity and high urinary excretion after oral administration to rats. UCD II inhibited the alkalinization of infected urine in vitro and in vivo and prevented bladder stone formation when it was orally administered to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis. The clinical application of UCD II to the prevention of pathologic sequelae of urinary infection with urease-producing bacteria awaits evaluation of the safety of the compound. PMID- 6997229 TI - The effect of acetohydroxamic acid on the induction of bacterial ureases. AB - The ureases of Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus rettgeri are inducible by urea. Induction is increased when both urea and acetohydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of urease, are present during bacterial growth. Acetohydroxamic acid alone does not cause induction, but, by preventing the hydrolysis of urea, it minimizes pH increases and allows induction to occur much more effectively. The ureases of Proteus morganii and other bacterial genera are not inducible by this method. The relevance of our findings to the formation and management of infection stones is discussed. PMID- 6997226 TI - Effect of bacterial metabolic state on vesical mucosal adherence. AB - 14C-labeled Escherichia coli was introduced into acid-treated and intact rabbit bladders in vivo. Live, dead, and metabolically inhibited bacteria displayed similar interaction with the urothelium with and without intact surface mucoprotein. Disruption of the mucoprotein layer by acid reduced the defense potential in each group to a similar degree. Neither active metabolism nor bacterial cell death seems to enhance bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa. PMID- 6997230 TI - John Peter Mettauer (1787-1875). PMID- 6997231 TI - Portraits of viruses: RNA phage. PMID- 6997232 TI - Chromatographic purification and homogeneity of extracellular acid proteinase of Aspergillus Fumigatus. AB - The extracellular acid proteinase from A. fumigatus was purified by employing several chromatographic procedures and a 164 fold purification with 22% yield was achieved. The homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed by SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques. PMID- 6997233 TI - The chief scientist reports ... gonorrhoea: can the detection of antibodies in secretions facilitate diagnosis? PMID- 6997234 TI - [The role of eosinophilic leukocytes in inflammatory dermatoses]. AB - The specific role of eosinophils in inflammatory reactions is still largely unknown. Recent findings give however new insights into their function. The granules of eosinophils contain several enzymes which inactivate mediators of inflammation released from mast cells and basophils. The specific attraction of eosinophils to tissue sites is induced by several eosinophil chemotactic factors which have been identified among the products of the complement cascade of arachidonic acid, of lymphocytes (ECF-P, ESP), mast cells (ECF-A) and granulocytes (ECF). ECF and ECF-A have been demonstrated in serum and blister fluid of dermatological patients. These findings offer, for the first time, a molecular basis for the understanding of eosinophilia and for the role of eosinophils in disease. PMID- 6997235 TI - [Memories of Albert Neisser]. AB - Remembrances of Albert Neisser, which are preserved in the dermatological clinic of the Medical Academy in Wroclaw (Breslau) are described: clinical buildings, wax model collection, library, painting, memorial plaquette and memorial relief. PMID- 6997236 TI - Dental management and prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Dentistry has a significant supportive role in the management of head and neck cancer. Early preparations for prosthetic rehabilitation of patients who are in need of maxillary resections, and the use of prostheses in patients who have undergone partial mandibulectomies are explained. Patients being treated by radiation for tumors in the head and neck area require particular preventive care and instructions in oral hygiene. Systemic chemotherapy for tumors distant from the head and neck may precipitate severe oral complications. Occurrence and management of these problems are discussed. PMID- 6997237 TI - A review of vascular anastomosis with mechanical aids and nonsuture techniques. AB - Devices and techniques for nonsuture vascular anastomosis and for suture anastomosis with minimum blood flow interruption are reviewed from their beginnings in the late 19th century through the development of microvascular surgery in the 20th century. The various devices that have been invented fall into 3 basic categories: butt, flanged, and lapped joints. Although the development of microsurgical instruments and the improvement of suture materials have diminished the use of such mechanical aids in recent years, it is hoped that this historical overview will be of interest to investigators involved in the surgery of vessels of various calibers. PMID- 6997238 TI - Trapezius osteomyocutaneous island flap for reconstruction of the anterior floor of the mouth and the mandible. AB - The anterior mandible defect following cancer excision presents a formidable reconstructive challenge. A trapezius osteomyocutaneous island flap based on the transverse cervical vessels is described which allows immediate reconstruction of the entire defect. The various classes of bone flaps retaining an intact vascular pedicle are discussed. The osseous extension of the trapezius island flap appears to be adequate perfused. The anatomy involved and the orthopedic sequelae of using flap are discussed. PMID- 6997239 TI - Asthma update: pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 6997240 TI - Meeting the immunologic challenge of transplant nursing. PMID- 6997241 TI - Sensitivity and nonspeicific staining of various immunoperoxidase techniques. AB - Optimally fixed paraffin enbedded tissue sections and cytocentrifuged cell smears were used to test the sensitivity and nonspecific staining with the enzyme bridge, PAP, indirect and direct immunoperoxidase methods using human immunoglobulins and lysozyme as antigens. With the enzyme-bridge method positive staining was seen with primary antiserum dilutions up to 1:20,000. The least background staining was observed with this method. The PAP method was equally sensitive, although false-negative results with low primary antiserum dilutions were seen. Some nonspecific background staining always persisted using the PAP method even with high primary antiserum dilutions. The indirect method was not as sensitive as the enzyme-bridge method and some nonspecific staining always persisted. The direct method was too insensitive with paraffin embedded tissue sections. PMID- 6997242 TI - Immunohistochemistry of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - An immunohistochemical assay for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) has been developed, validated by parallel radioimmunoassay and a series of tests with monoamines or related molecules, and applied to the detection of 5HT in rat brain sections. The procedure seems to be more sensitive and specific than the classical Falck Hillarp technique. Among amines and related compounds tested, only 5 methoxytryptamine has been found to cross-react. 5HT-immunoreactive neurons and/or fibres have been observed in the spinal cord, brain stem, hypothalamic nuclei, epiphysis and subcommissural organ, thalamus, striatum, corpus callosum, amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, and cerebral cortex. PMID- 6997243 TI - Radiation necrosis of the mandible: a 10 year study. Part II. Dental factors; onset, duration and management of necrosis. PMID- 6997244 TI - Jean Frederic Joliot. PMID- 6997245 TI - "Roy R. Grinker, Sr." Some biographical notes. PMID- 6997246 TI - Challenges facing bovine practice--preventive medicine opportunities. PMID- 6997248 TI - Herd health approach to mastitis control and milk quality. PMID- 6997247 TI - Animal health and public health aspects of bovine parasitism. PMID- 6997249 TI - Keratoplasty and IOLs. PMID- 6997250 TI - Posterior chamber lens fixation. PMID- 6997251 TI - Iris claw lens. PMID- 6997252 TI - A suturing technique for the iris clip lens. PMID- 6997253 TI - Corneal endothelial damage from previously implanted intraocular lenses. AB - Intraocular lenses which had been surgically removed from human eyes were compared to new uncoated IOLs with regard to damage caused by dynamic and static contact with fresh rabbit corneal endothelium. Previously implanted IOLs caused consistently less endothelial damage. Possible mechanisms and the implications of these findings for the corneal surgeon doing pseudophakic keratoplasty are discussed. PMID- 6997254 TI - Theory of cochlear mechanics. AB - This paper attempts to define the current state of the theory of cochlear mechanics on the basis of past and current experimental and theoretical work. It begins with von Bekesy's discovery of traveling transversal waves in the cochlea and with related early mathematical theory and ends with insights engendered by Russell and Sellick's demonstration that inner hair cells are as sharply tuned as the auditory-nerve fibers and by the finding of the M.I.T. groups of Weiss and Peake that sharp tuning of hair cells can exist in the absence of basilar membrane tuning. Evidence for a sharpening of tuning beyond basilar-membrane vibration is reviewed and two mechanisms for such sharpening are considered--one arising from an interaction between basilar-membrane wavelength and longitudinal coupling within the tectorial membrane and one from the radial-mode resonance of the tectorial membrane and its viscoelastic coupling to the organ of Corti. Simple calculation reveals that damping of the radial-mode vibration should be small enough to allow such a resonance. PMID- 6997256 TI - Persistence and distribution of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and bacterial indicator organisms on land used for disposal of piggery effluent. PMID- 6997257 TI - Building better beta-lactams. PMID- 6997255 TI - Effect of R-plasmid RP1 and nutrient depletion on the resistance of Escherichia coli to cetrimide, chlorhexidine and phenol. PMID- 6997258 TI - beta-Lactamase detection by three simple methods: Intralactam, nitrocefin and acidimetric. PMID- 6997259 TI - Influence of R-plasmid mediated beta-lactamase production on the therapeutic efficacy of cefoxitin and cefamandole in experimental chemotherapy. PMID- 6997260 TI - Analytical methodology and reported findings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods. AB - Various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) some of which are carcinogenic have been demonstrated to be present in water, air, food soils, etc. and are now considered by experts to be ubiquitous in our environment. During the last decade significant progress has been made in the development of multiresidue methods for the analysis of benzo(a)pyrene and other PAH in food at low microgram/kg (parts per billion levels. However, the majority of the available procedures are lengthy and tedious, which precludes their use as effective monitoring tools. Consequently, much of the effort has been accumulated on the benzo(a)pyrene content of foods which presents an incomplete picture of the total PAH in the food supply. This paper reviews the analytical methodology and the reported findings of PAH in foods, beverages, and related products. It points out the need for future work with respect to improved methods and the development of further information on the presence of PAH contamination of the food supply and total environment. PMID- 6997261 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin A. AB - An enzyme immunoassay procedure specifying alkaline phosphatase-labeled enterotoxin A was used to determined enterotoxin in standardized solutions and food extracts. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 cells were used to separate unbound from antibody-bound enterotoxin. The method is sensitive to 2 ng enterotoxin A/mL; cross reactions with other staphylococcal enterotoxins did not interfere with the specificity. The method is sensitive and precise enough to serve as a reliable alternative to radioimmunoassay for enterotoxin A. PMID- 6997262 TI - The biological photographic association, its half century. The era of maturation, 1965-1980. PMID- 6997263 TI - Regulation of Escherichia coli K-12 hexuronate system genes: exu regulon. AB - Two types of Escherichia coli K-12 regulatory mutants, partially or totally negative for the induction of the five catabolic enzymes (uronic isomerase, uxaC; altronate oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: uxaB; mannonate hydrolyase, uxuA) and the transport system (exuT) of the hexuronate-inducible pathway, were isolated and analyzed enzymatically. Hexuronate-catabolizing revertants of the negative mutants showed a constitutive synthesis for some or all of these enzymes. Negative and constitutive mutations were localized in the same genetic locus, called exuR, and the following order for the markers situated between the min 65 and 68 was determined: argG--exuR--exuT--uxaC--uxaA--tolC. The enzymatic characterization of the pleiotropic negative and constitutive mutants of the exuR gene suggests that the exuR regulatory gene product exerts a specific and total control on the three exuT, uszB, and uxaC-uxaA operons of the galacturonate pathway and a partial control on the uxuA-uxuB operon of the glucuronate pathway. The analysis of diploid strains conatining both the wild type and a negative or constitutive allele of the exuR gene, as well as the analysis of thermosensitive mutants of the exuR gene, was in agreement with a negative regulatory mechanism for the control of the hexuronate system. PMID- 6997264 TI - Construction and expression of hybrid plasmids containing Escherichia coli K-12 uxu genes. AB - The three genes of the Escherichia coli K-12 uxu region (uxu operon and regulatory gene) were isolated on a ColE1-uxu hybrid plasmid from the bank of Clarke and Carbon, and a restriction map of this region was established. In vitro recombination techniques were used to subclone the uxu restriction fragments into the plasmid vector pBR322 or pBR325. The various chimeric plasmids obtained were analyzed by restriction mapping and characterized genetically by introducing them in uxu mutant or wild-type strains. Differential rates of synthesis of the enzymes coded for by the uxu region were measured in the plasmid-containing strains; amplification of the products of the cloned genes was up to 40-fold the level found in haploid strains. The enzymes coded for by uxuA and uxuB were synthesized in vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system, confirming the results of the cloning experiments. The restriction analysis also suggests that the transcriptional direction of the uxu operon is from uxuA to uxuB and that the order of the loci in this region is: uxuR (regulatory gene), uxuB, uxuA, uxuAp (promoter), uxuAo (operator). PMID- 6997266 TI - Genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by plasmid containing a supressor transfer ribonucleic acid gene. AB - The behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of plasmid pYTE1, which contains yeast tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor SUP4.o, a 4-kilobase EcoRI fragment of yeast 2muDNA, and the bacterial plasmid pBR322, has been studied. Selection of yeast transformants was by suppression of multiple ochre mutations. About 10(3) to 10(4) transformants per microgram of pYTE1 dfeoxyribonucleic acid were obtained. The majority of transformants contained both an integrated copy of the SUP4.o gene plus pBR322 deoxyribonucleic acid sequences and autonomously replicating forms of the plasmid. The integrated copy was extremely stable mitotically and meiotically, but the associated nonintegrated copies were lost at meiosis. The chromosomally integrated pBR322 sequences were linked to the SUP4.o gene. The integration site was at the SUP4+ locus. In transformants with only nonintegrated copies of pYTE1, the expression of suppression was reduced, and the plasmid was unstable in mitosis. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid preparations from both types of transformant could be used to retransform yeast cells. Plasmid pYTE1 has restriction enzyme sites useful for the high frequency and stable transformation of other genes into yeasts. The potential uses of this plasmid for transformation of other organisms is discussed. PMID- 6997265 TI - Genetic analysis of mutations causing borrelidin resistance by overproduction of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. AB - Mutations leading to borrelidin resistance in Escherichia coli by overproduction of threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase were anaylzed genetically. The regulatory mutations were closely linked to the treonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase structural gene (thrS), located clockwise to it. The mutation that causes the threefold-increased enzyme level was more distant from thrS than the mutation responsible for the ninefold overproduction. Both mutations were cis dominant in merodiploid strains, indicating that they affected promoter-operator like control elements. Overproduction was restricted to threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase and was not observed for the products of genes neighboring thrS (e.g., infC, pheS, pheT, and argS), providing evidence that thrS is transcribed singly and that gene amplificationis not a likely basis for increased thrS experession. PMID- 6997267 TI - Correlation between size and age at different events in the cell division cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - The variability of (i) the B period between birth and initiation of chromosome replication, (ii) the U period between initiation of chromosome replication and initiation of cell constriction, and (iii) the interdivision period (tau) have been estimated for slowly growing Escherichia coli B/r F. Cultures synchronized by the membrane elution technique were pulse-labeled with [3H]thymidine or continuously labeled with [3H]thymine. After fixation, the pattern of deoxyribonucleic acid replication was analyzed by electron microscopic radioautography. Cell length was found to increase exponentially with age at two different slow growth rates. The coefficient of variation of the B period was estimated to be 60%, that of the U period was 29%, and that of the interdivision period was 12%. From these values and the coefficient of variation of length at different cell cycle events were calculated a negative correlation between the B and U period (r = -0.9) and a positive correlation between length at birth and cell separation (r = 0.6). Initiation of chromosome replication and cell constriction were strictly correlated both with respect to age (r = 0.7) and length (r = 0.8). On the other hand, length at initiation of chromosome replication was distantly correlated with age (r = 0.1) or length at birth (r = 0.3). This low correlation excludes a model in which chromosome initiation is controlled by a random event in the B period. It favors a model in which chromosome initiation occurs at a particular distributed size independent of cell division. PMID- 6997268 TI - Genetic characterization of a filament-forming, lipoprotein-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The fam-715 allele of Escherichia coli ST715, previously described as a temperature-sensitive filament former with reduced levels of lipoprotein at the nonpermissive temperature (S. V. Torti and J. T. Park, Nature [London] 263: 323- 326, 1976), was mapped at 74 min. This mutation appears to be amber. It is recessive and can be complemented by F' plasmids carrying the wild-type allele or by an F' plasmid carrying an amber suppressor. Isotopic labeling experiments as well as map position differentiate the fam-715 allele from lipoprotein structural gene mutations. PMID- 6997269 TI - Pleiotropic mutations rendering Escherichia coli K-12 resistant to bacteriophage TP1. AB - tpo mutations, located at 74 min on the genetic map, rendered Escherichia coli K 12 resistant to TP1, a phage which can use either the OmpF protein or the LamB protein as its receptor. tpo mutants synthesized decreased amounts of OmpF and LamB proteins but increased amounts of the OmpC product, another outer membrane protein. The effect of the tpo mutations in lam B gene expression was transcriptional. It is one facet of the following effect on the maltose regulon: strong decreases in the syntheses of the LamB protein and the periplasmic MalE protein occurred when the regulon was uninduced; a lesser decrease occurred in the syntheses of the LamB protein the MalE protein, and the cytoplasmic MalQ protein (amylomaltase) when the regulon was induced. The tpo mutants were found to be phenotypically identical to the perA mutant recently described by Wanner et al. (J. Bacteriol. 140:229--239, 1979) and to some of the ompB mutants described by Verhoef et al. (Mol. Gen. Genet. 169:137--146, 1979). Mapping and complementation analysis suggested that these three types of mutations belong to the same cistron. Our results bring to at least four the number of clearly distinct phenotypes which can result from mutations at, or close to, ompB, a locus which appears increasingly complex. PMID- 6997271 TI - Proline: an essential intermediate in arginine degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Results of studies on proline-nonutilizing (Put-) mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that proline is an essential intermediate in the degradation of arginine. Put- mutants excreted proline when grown on arginine or ornithine as the sole nitrogen source. Yeast cells contained a single enzyme, delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase, which is essential for the complete degradation of both proline and arginine. The sole inducer of this enzyme was found to be proline. P5C dehydrogenase converted P5C to glutamate, but only when the P5C was derived directly from proline. When the P5C was derived from ornithine, it was first converted to proline by the enzyme P5C reductase. Proline was then converted back to P5C and finally to glutamate by the Put enzymes proline oxidase and P5C dehydrogenase. PMID- 6997272 TI - Changes in regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis during vegetative growth and sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells logarithmically growing in acetate medium were placed in sporulation medium, the relative rates of synthesis of 40 or more individual ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) were coordinately depressed to approximately 20% of those of growing cells. These new depressed rates remained constant for at least 10 h into sporulation. If yeast nitrogen base was added 4 yh after the beginning of sporulation to shift the cells back to vegetative growth, the original relative rates of r-protein synthesis were rapidly reestablished. this upshift in the rates occurred even in diploids homozygous for the regulatory mutation rna2 at the restrictive temperature for this mutation (34 degrees C). However, once these mutant cells began to bud and grow at 34 degrees C, the phenotype of rna2 was expressed and the syntheses of r-proteins were again coordinately depressed. At least one protein whose rate of synthesis was not depressed by rna2 in vegetative cells did have a decreased rate of synthesis during sporulation. Another r-protein whose synthesis was depressed by rna2 maintained a high rate of synthesis at the beginning of sporulation. These data suggest that the mechanism responsible for coordinate control of r-protein synthesis during sporulation does not require the gene product of RNA2 and thus defines a separate mechanism by which r-proteins are coordinately controlled in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 6997270 TI - Reserve carbohydrate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: responses to nutrient limitation. AB - The amounts of glycogen and trehalose have been measured in cells of a prototrophic diploid yeast strain subjected to a variety of nutrient limitations. Both glycogen and trehalose were accumulated in cells deprived specifically of nirogen, sulfur, or phosphorus, suggesting that reserve carbohydrate accumulation is a general response to nutrient limitation. The patterns of accumulation and utilization of glycogen and trehalose were not identical under these conditions, suggesting that the two carbohydrates may play distinct physiological roles. Glycogen and trehalose were also accumulated by cells undergoing carbon and energy limitation, both during diauxic growth in a relatively poor medium and during the approach to stationary phase in a rich medium. Growth in the rich medium was shown to be carbon or energy limited or both, although the interaction between carbon source limitation and oxygen limitation was complex. In both media, the pattern of glycogen accumulation and utilization was compatible with its serving as a source of energy both during respiratory adaptation and during a subsequent starvation. In contrast, the pattern of trehalose accumulation and utilization seemed compatible only with the latter role. In cultures that were depleting their supplies of exogenous glucose, the accumulation of glycogen began at glucose concentrations well above those sufficient to suppress glycogen accumulation in cultures growing with a constant concentration of exogenous glucose. The mechanism of this effect is not clear, but may involve a response to the rapid rate of change in the glucose concentration. PMID- 6997274 TI - Growth of Streptococcus mutans protoplasts is not inhibited by penicillin. AB - A method is described in which cells of Streptococcus mutans BHT can be converted to spherical, osmotically fragile protoplasts. Exponential-phase cells were suspended in a solution containing 0.5 M melezitose, and their cell walls were hydrolyzed with mutanolysin (M-1 enzyme). When the resultant protoplasts were incubated in a chemically defined growth medium containing 0.5 M NH4Cl, the protoplast suspensions increased in turbidity, protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid in a balanced fashion. In the presence of benzylpenicillin (5 microgram/ml), balanced growth of protoplasts was indistinguishable from untreated controls. This absence of inhibition of protoplast growth in the presence of benzylpenicillin was apparently not due to inactivation of the antibiotic. When exponential-phase cells of S. mutans BHT were first exposed to 5 microgram of benzyl-penicillin per ml for 1 h and then converted to protoplasts, these protoplasts were also able to grow in chemically defined, osmotically stabilized medium. The ability of wall-free protoplasts to grow and to synthesize ribonucleic acid and protein in the presence of a relatively high concentration of benzylpenicillin contrasts with the previously reported rapid inhibition of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in intact streptococci. These data suggest that this secondary inhibition of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in whole cells is due to factors involved with the continued assembly of an intact, insoluble cell wall rather than with earlier stages of peptidoglycan synthesis. PMID- 6997273 TI - In situ reactivation of glycerol-inactivated coenzyme B12-dependent enzymes, glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase. AB - The catalytic properties of coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase were studied in situ with Klebsiella pneumoniae cells permeabilized by toluene treatment, since the in situ enzymes approximate the in vivo conditions of the enzymes more closely than enzymes in cell-free extracts or cell homogenates. Both dehydratases in situ underwent rapid "suicidal" inactivation by glycerol during catalysis, as they do in vitro. The inactivated dehydratases in situ, however, were rapidly and continually reactivated by adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and Mn2+ in the presence of free adenosylcobalamin, although in cell-free extracts or in cell homogenates they could not be reactivated at all under the same reaction conditions. ATP was partially replaced by cytidine 5' triphosphate or guanosine 5'-triphosphate but not by the beta, gamma-methylene analog of ATP in the in situ reactivation. Mn2+ was fully replaced by Mg2+ but only partially by Co2+. Hydroxocoblamin could not replace adenosylcobalamin in reactivation mixtures. The ability to reactivate the glycerol-inactivated dehydratases in situ was only seen in cells grown anaerobically in glycerol containing media. This suggests that some factor(s) required for in situ reactivation is subject to induction by glycerol. Of the two possible mechanisms of in situ reactivation, i.e., the regeneration of adenosylcobalamin by Co adenosylation of the bound inactivated coenzyme moiety (B12-adenosylation mechanism) and the displacement of the bound inactivated coenzyme moiety by free adenosyl-cobalamin (B12-exchange mechanism), the former seems very unlikely from the experimental results. PMID- 6997275 TI - Map location of the ssd mutation in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A pleiotropic mutation at the ssd locus was mapped at 86 min near rha. A mutation at the ssd locus resulted in elevated L-serine deaminase activity, inability to grow with succinate as the carbon source, and inability to grow anaerobic conditions. PMID- 6997276 TI - recA gene product is responsible for inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis after ultraviolet irradiation was studied in wild type, uvrA, recB, recA recB, and recA Escherichia coli strains. Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, which occurs almost immediately after exposing the cells to ultraviolet radiation, depends on the functional gene recA. PMID- 6997277 TI - Substrate channeling: alpha-ketobutyrate inhibition of acetohydroxy acid synthase in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Excess alpha-ketobutyrate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 by inhibiting the acetohydroxy acid synthase-catalyzed synthesis of alpha acetolactate (a valine precursor). As a result, cells were starved for valine, and both ilvB (encoding acetohydroxy acid synthase I) and ilvGEDA (ilvG encodes acetohydroxy acid synthase II) were derepressed. The addition of valine reversed the effects of alpha-ketobutyrate. PMID- 6997278 TI - tonB-independent ferrichrome-mediated iron transport in Escherichia coli spheroplasts. AB - Although a functional tonB gene product was required for ferrichrome-mediated iron transport in whole cells of Escherichia coli K-12, such transport did not require the tonB+ function in spheroplasts. We suggest that in spheroplasts ferrichrome has direct access to the cytoplasmic membrane and that this is reflected in tonB-independent accumulation of ferrichrome iron. Therefore, the tonB gene product does not function in the translocation of ferrichrome iron across the inner membrane. PMID- 6997279 TI - Isolation and properties of an antisuppressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae specific for an omnipotent suppressor. AB - A new Mendelian antisuppressor, ASU10, was isolated and shown to reduce the efficiency of the omnipotent yeast suppressor, sup35. ASU10 had no effect on the other omnipotent suppressor, sup45, or on several amber suppressors. PMID- 6997280 TI - Intermediate location in the assembly of the matrix protein or porin into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - Evidence from pulse-chase experiments indicates that the outer membrane matrix protein or porin of Escherichia coli B/r passes through a Sarkosyl-soluble membrane pool on the way to its eventual Sarkosyl-insoluble state in the outer membrane. PMID- 6997281 TI - Intracellular localization of two molecular forms of membrane acid protease in Aspergillus oryzae. AB - The intracellular localization of two forms of membrane-bound acid protease (M1 and M2) [EC 3.4.23.6] of Aspergillus oryzae (Tsujita, Y. & Endo, A. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 84, 347-353) was investigated. When the mycelia were treated with wall-lytic enzymes, M2 remained in the cells but most of M2 was solubilized and released. The cell wall fraction obtained by mechanical disruption of the mycelia contained less than 5% of the total acid protease activity in the cells. Subcellular fractionation of the membranes obtained from burst spheroplasts showed that the acid protease was present in both rough and smooth microsomes. Acid protease M1 was predominant in the former and M2 in the latter, possibly on the surface of the cytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 6997282 TI - Folding of yeast 5S ribosomal RNA induced by magnesium binding. AB - The magnesium-induced conformational changes of yeast 5S ribosomal RNA have been studied by means of difference absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism. A hypochromic difference absorption spectrum with a trough at approximately 260 nm was observed together with a slight increase and blue shift of the peak at 265 nm and a significant increase of the absolute magnitude of the trough at 208 nm in the circular dichroism spectrum. The magnesium concentration dependence of the difference absorption gave a Hill coefficient of 2.0 +/- 0.2. All of the equilibrium data indicate that magnesium ions produce a more ordered form of the molecule. Transient kinetic studies using a magnesium concentration-jump were carried out. The kinetic curves were biphasic, each phase being associated with a relatively slow unimolecular conformational change induced by magnesium binding. A simple scheme was able to accommodate all of the equilibrium and kinetic data, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. Activation parameters for the unimolecular steps suggest that the conformational changes of the 5S RNA involved the breaking of several base pairs and tertiary folding. PMID- 6997283 TI - Identification and properties of the prosthetic group of choline oxidase from Alcaligenes sp. AB - Choline oxidase from Alcaligenes sp. catalyzed the oxidation of choline and betaine aldehyde to betaine with concomitant consumption of oxygen and production of hydrogen peroxide. The values of Km for choline and betaine aldehyde were 0.87 and 6.2 mM, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 66,000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis and 72,000 by gel-filtration using a high performance liquid chromatograph. The prosthetic group of the enzyme was identified as 8 alpha-[N(3)-histidyl]-FAD from the electrophoretic mobility at pH 6.25 of the hydrolysate of the methylated histidylflavin. The visible absorption spectrum of the enzyme showed peaks at 358 and 453 nm and a shoulder at about 480 nm. The covalently bound FAD was reduced on addition of either choline or betaine aldehyde under anaerobic conditions and was reoxidized by aeration. The enzyme was found to contain 1 mol of FAD per mol enzyme. Amino acid analysis of a purified flavin peptide gave the following molar ratios of amino acids to flavin: pro(1), Asp + Asn(3), Ser(1), His(1), and Arg(1). Aspartic acid was the N terminal amino acid. The partial sequence of amino acids in the flavin peptide was as follows: Formula (See Text). PMID- 6997284 TI - Biosynthesis of ergosterol in cell-free system of yeast. AB - We previously proposed the occurrence of multiple pathways in the ergosterol biosynthesis of yeast, based on the results of examination of 14C-incorporation into sterols from L-[methyl-14C]methionine which was given to the intact cells of yeast. This led us to investigate the validity of the pathways by experiments with the cell-free system. Highly active cell-free extracts could be prepared by disruption of yeast cells with a Vibrogen Cell Mill in the presence of 0.1 mM dithiothreitol. This preparation catalyzed 14C-incorporation from [14C]methionine into ergosterol with a high yield. This preparation was found to be favorable for elucidation of ergosterol synthesis, since only a small amount of radioactivity was incorporated into fatty acid ester form of sterols which were reported to be inactive as a substrate for sterol synthesis reaction. Time course experiment of 14C-incorporation from [14C]methionine into various sterols under aerobic conditions showed that ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol was a precursor for ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol and that radioactivities were converted through ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3 beta-ol and ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3 beta-ol into ergosterol with time. In contrast, similar experiments under anaerobic conditions showed that ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol accumulated and very little conversion of radioactivity into ergosterol occurred. In addition, the results indicated that oxygen was required for the introduction of double bond into 22 position as well as into 5 position. The results obtained with the cell free system supported the validity of the proposal of multiple pathways of ergosterol synthesis in the intact cells. PMID- 6997285 TI - Electric potential at regions near the two specific thiols of heavy meromyosin determined by the fluorescence quenching technique. I. Effect of ATP. AB - Electric potentials at regions near the two specific thiol groups, SH1 and SH2, of the heavy meromyosin (HMM) molecule were studied by the fluorescence quenching technique. The effects of binding of ATP to HMM upon the electric potentials were also studied. N-(p(2-Benzimidazolyl)phenyl)maleimide (BIPM) was used as a thiol directed fluorescent reagent. Prior to the labeling of SH2 with BIPM, the SH1 group was blocked with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Iodide ions (I-), thallium ions (Tl+), and acrylamide were used as quenchers of fluorescence. The sign of the electric potential was collectively determined from the dependence of the Stern Volmer constants upon the ionic strength of solutions. 1. The region near SH1 was at a negative electric potential, whereas the electric potential at the region near SH2 was almost zero. 2. On the addition of ATP, the fluorescence intensity of BIPM bound to SH1 was unchanged, whereas that of BIPM bound to SH2 was greatly decreased to about 50% of the original level. The fluorescence intensity recovered as the added ATP was split into ADP and orthophosphate, and became saturated. The saturated level of the fluorescence intensity was, however, smaller than the original one, due to binding of the produced ADP to HMM. 3. On the addition of ATP, the negative electric potential at the region near SH1 was unchanged, whereas a negative electric potential with large gradient was newly introduced at the region near SH2. The value of the newly introduced electric potential was calculated on the basis of various assumptions. These results are discussed in connection with the functions of myosin. PMID- 6997286 TI - Receptor mediated insulin degradation decreased by chloroquine in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The time-course of insulin binding to isolated adipocytes pretreated with chloroquine (0.1 mM) showed that no steady state condition was reached and that the binding kept increasing with the time of incubation up to three hours. Sixty one percent of the bound labeled insulin could not be dissociated from these cells by 100 microgram/ml of unlabeled insulin, whereas 86% dissociated from the control cells. Chromatography revealed that the bound intact insulin, which had the ability to bind to insulin receptors of adipocytes, was increased and that degraded insulin decreased in the chloroquine treated cells. However, these cells showed normal insulin stimulation of 2-deoxy-glucose uptake. The data suggest that insulin is internalized in adipocytes after binding to insulin receptors and that insulin is degraded at the site, probably lysosomes, where chloroquine inhibits this degradation process. PMID- 6997287 TI - The effect of delta-aminolevulinate on catalase T-messenger RNA levels in delta aminolevulinate synthase-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Total RNA was isolated from mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that lack active delta-aminolevulinate synthase and are therefore defective in heme biosynthesis. The RNAs were translated in the cell-free protein synthesis system from wheat germ, and the catalase T synthesized was isolated by immunoadsorption and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate. Little or no catalase T product was detected with RNA from mutant cells grown in the absence of a heme precursor. As judged from in vitro translational capacity, RNA fractions from mutant cells grown in the presence of delta-aminolevulinate contained at least 10 times more catalase T mRNA than RNA from unsupplemented cells. PMID- 6997288 TI - On the mechanism of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Escherichia coli. Evidence for 3'-C--H bond cleavage. AB - The 3'-carbon--hydrogen bond of [3'-3H]uridine 5'-diphosphate is cleaved during its conversion to 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-diphosphate catalyzed by Esherichia coli ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. A selection against 3H of approximately 3.3 is observed on this reduction reaction. During the course of this reaction, a small but significant amount of 3H is released to the solvent. PMID- 6997290 TI - Mechanism of disproportionation of asparate transcarbamoylase molecules lacking one regulatory subunit. PMID- 6997289 TI - Subunit interaction during catalysis. ATP modulation of catalytic steps in the succinyl-CoA synthetase reaction. AB - A new approach for assessing of catalytic cooperativity may occur between subunits has been applied to succinyl-CoA synthetase. This is based on the extent of oxygen exchange between medium [18O]Pi and succinate per molecule of ATP cleaved during steady state succinyl-CoA synthesis. Suitable traps are used to remove succinyl-CoA and ADP as soon as they are released to the medium. With the Escherichia coli enzyme, which has an alpha 2 beta 2 structure, a pronounced increase in oxygen exchange per ATP cleaved occurs as ATP concentration is lowered. In contrast, when the CoA concentration is varied, the oxygen exchange per molecule of product formed remains constant. Also, with the pig heart enzyme, which is shown to retain its alpha beta structure during catalysis and thus has only one catalytic site, no modulation of oxygen exchange by ATP concentration is observed. These experimental findings show that the binding of an ATP either promotes the dissociation of bound succinyl-CoA or decreases its participation in exchange. Measurement of the distribution of [18O]Pi species found as exchange occurs shows that only one catalytic sequence is involved in exchange at various ATP concentrations. These observations along with other controls and results eliminate most other explanations of the ATP modulation of the exchange and suggest that binding of ATP at one catalytic site promotes catalytic site promotes catalytic events at an alternate catalytic site. PMID- 6997291 TI - 31P NMR of the reversible methionine activation reaction catalyzed by methionyl tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. Equilibrium, interconversion rates, and NMR parameters of the enzyme-bound species. PMID- 6997292 TI - Structure and action of heteronemertine polypeptide toxins. Primary structure of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III. AB - The primary structure of Cerebratulus lacteus cytotoxin A-III has been determined by automated Edman degradation of the reduced, carboxymethylated protein and of peptides derived therefrom by hydrolysis with trypsin and staphylococcal protease. As a result of these studies, the positions of all 95 amino acid residues have been determined unambiguously. The COOH-terminal half of the protein is more hydrophobic than is the NH2-terminal half. The predicted secondary structure of toxin A-III contains 38% alpha helix and 14% beta sheet, in excellent agreement with the values obtained experimentally by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. Virtually all of the predicted helix lies in a single long stretch starting at position 63, just beyond the last residue of half cystine in the sequence. This region of helix is also the most hydrophobic portion of the protein and may be involved in the mechanism of its cytotoxic action. PMID- 6997293 TI - Isolation and chracterization of m5U-methyltransferase from Escherichia coli. AB - The tRNA-modifying enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine: tRNA (uridine-5) methyltransferase, has been purified essentially to homogeneity from an Escherichia coli strain containing an elevated level of this enzyme. A rapid, efficient method has been developed for the purification, consisting of polyethyleneimine precipitation to remove nucleic acids, followed by phosphocellulose and Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 42,000. It has a pH optimum of 8.4, a Km of 12.5 microM for S-adenyosyl-L-methionine, and a Km of 1.1 microM for wheat germ tRNAGly1. The ability of the enzyme to methylate a variety of tRNA substrates including prokaryotic, eukaryotic, mitochondrial, and chloroplastic tRNAs has been characterized. PMID- 6997294 TI - Alterations in deoxyribonucleotide metabolism in cultured cells with ribonucleotide reductase activities refractory to feedback inhibition by 2' deoxyadenosine triphosphate. PMID- 6997296 TI - The nature of negative cooperativity in alkaline phosphatase. Kinetic patterns contrary to the flip-flop model. PMID- 6997295 TI - Identification of a cytoplasmic membrane-associated component of the maltose transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - The maltose transport system of Escherichia coli contains at least five components, three of which, i.e. the products of lamB, malE, and malF genes, have so far been identified as constituents of the outer membrane, periplasmic space, and cytoplasmic membrane, respectively. We identified another component, a cytoplasmic membrane protein of an apparent molecular weight of 43,000, as the product of the malK gene on the basis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of various mutants and suppressed strains and by the incorporation of extra tyrosine residue into this proten in malK amber mutants containing the suppressor Su3+ allele. The transport of maltose thus appears to require at least two proteins associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6997297 TI - Transient kinetic analysis of the catalytic cycle of alkaline phosphatase. AB - Transient kinetic studies were carried out to elucidate the catalytic cycle of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase at ph 8.3, 10 degrees C, and to evaluate the rate constants for the individual steps. Using a rapid mixing cell, we were able to detect the burst phase of the reaction, which could not be obtained at alkaline ph values with conventional mixing devices. Analysis of the burst phase revealed that the equilibrium of the initial binding of the substrate, 4 methylumbelliferyl phosphate, to the enzyme is attained rapidly, and that the production of the alcohol, 4-methylumbelliferone, is fast. Analysis of the steady state phase of the reaction yielded a phosphate release rate constant which agrees very well with the kcat determined by initial rate studies. Dephosphorylation of the phosphoryl enzyme prepared at pH 5.7 was studied by the pH-jump technique, using a three-syringe stopped flow apparatus. The results showed that the dephosphorylation step is not rate-limiting in the catalytic cycle and that the presence of substrates or inhibitor has no effect on this step. The lack of effect of substrates on the rate of dephosphorylation and on the rate of phosphate dissociation indicates that the flip-flop mechanism, in which the product release is supposedly facilitated by the binding of a 2nd molecule of substrate, is not valid for alkaline phosphatase. Kinetic constants for various steps in the catalytic cycle of alkaline phosphatase at pH 8.3, 10 degrees C, are reported and a reaction scheme which is in harmony with previous observations from other laboratories is described. PMID- 6997298 TI - Structural evidence that complement factor B constitutes a novel class of serine protease. AB - The 28,000-dalton COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of complement factor B was isolated disulfide bonded to a second polypeptide of Mr = 3,500. The amino acid sequence of the smaller peptide, CB2-3, and 51 of 55 NH2-terminal residues of the larger peptide, CB2-2, were determined on an automated sequenator. CB2-2 exhibited extensive homology in its primary structure to the known serine proteases and included the sequence, Ala-Ala-His-Cys, which is part of the active site of these enzymes. By contrast, CB2-3 demonstrated only limited sequence identity with the NH2 terminus of the serine proteases. Mild acid hydrolysis was employed to further cleave CB2-2 into fragments of Mr = 20,000 and 8,000. On analysis the 8,000-dalton peptide was observed to contain the active site serine sequence, Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro. The data, therefore, clearly document that factor B is also a serine protease, although its mechanism of activation differs from this class of proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6997300 TI - Phosphoryl exchange reaction catalyzed by enzyme I of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. Kinetic characterization. PMID- 6997299 TI - Adenosine deaminase impairment and ribonucleotide reductase activity and levels in HeLa cells. AB - Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4)-deficient patients recently were found to have abnormally high levels of dATP, a negative allosteric effector of ribonucleotide reductase (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, 2' deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase, EC 1.17.4.1). Therefore it was proposed that the immunodeficiency associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency is mediated through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and hence DNA replication. HeLa cells, treated with an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, and deoxyadenosine to mimic the adenosine deaminase-deficient state, were monitored to determine directly the effects on ribonucleotide reductase activity and levels. A low concentration of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, which did not inhibit cell growth, nevertheless retarded the cells in G2 + M phase of the cell cycle and increased reductase activity. Reductase activity was also elevated in cells treated with a low level of deoxyadenosine which did not affect the cell cycle or cell growth. However, ribonucleotide reductase activity was reduced to one-half of the control value in cells treated with either enough deoxyadenosine to inhibit cell growth or with a combination of erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine and deoxyadenosine, each at concentrations which individually do not inhibit cell growth. Removal of deoxynucleotides, particularly dATP, from these extracts increased ribonucleotide reductase activity to several-fold higher than control values. The reduced activity of ribonucleotide reductase in the simulated adenosine deaminase-deficient HeLa cells provides direct evidence for the thesis that adenosine deaminase deficiency disease is mediated through elevated levels of dATP which inhibit ribonucleotide reductase. In addition, the cell cycle patterns and ribonucleotide reductase levels suggest that the regulatory substance(s) that controls the level of ribonucleotide reductase is not operative until the late S or G2 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 6997301 TI - Substrate specificity and kinetic characterization of sugar uptake and phosphorylation, catalyzed by the mannose enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6997302 TI - 31P NMR quantitation of the displacement of equilibria of arginine, creatine, pyruvate, and 3-P-glycerate kinase reactions by substitution of sulfur for oxygen in the beta phosphate of ATP. AB - 31P NMR measurements have been found to be a convenient means for simultaneously measuring the concentrations of several species in the equilibrium mixtures of the reactions catalyzed by arginine kinase and creatine kinase. MgATP + X in equilibrium MgADP + XP where X = arginine or creatine and XP = P-arginine or P creatine. The free energy of phosphorylaton of various metabolites by adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C is more exergonic than the corresponding phosphorylations by ATP by about 2.5 kcal/mol, resulting in a displacement of the equilibrium toward the nucleoside diphosphates by a factor of approximately 60. Since this factor does not depend on the nature of the metabolite, the equilibrium constants of thionucleotide reactions may be used to determined the equilibrium constants of corresponding oxynucleotide reactions which lie too far toward ATP. The equilibrium constants of the oxynucleotide reactions catalyzed by pyruvate kinase and 3-P-glycerate kinase calculated by this method from the experimentally determined equilibrium constants of the corresponding thionucleotide reactions are 3.1 x 10(-4) and 2.9 x 10(-4), respectively, under the experimental conditions used. The equilibrium constants and degree of stereoselectivity of the arginine kinase reaction are altered when Ca2+ replaces Mg2+ as the activating metal ion. PMID- 6997303 TI - Faithful and efficient translation of homologous and heterologous mRNAs in an mRNA-dependent cell-free system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A cell-free protein synthesizing system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been optimized for the translation of both homologous yeast mRNA and for a number of heterologous eukaryotic mRNAs. A significant increase in protein synthesis was observed when K(OAc) rather than KCl was used as the source of K+ in the in vitro translation system. This was due primarily to an inhibitory effect oif Cl-. The polyamine putrescine hydrochloride stimulated protein synthesis only at low Mg2+ concentrations. Protein synthesis directed by both yeast mRNA and several eukaryotic mRNAs examined in the system was sensitive to the mRNA 5'-cap analogue, 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate. One-dimensional and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis of polypeptides synthesized in response to yeast polysomal RNA demonstrated faithful translation in vitro. Translational control and post-translational modifications appear to operate normally in vitro. RNA from several eukaryotic viruses (brome mosaic virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus, and tobacco mosaic virus) were found to be faithfully translated in vitro yielding discrete polypeptides. Reticulocyte polysomal RNA directed the synthesis of a single protein that co-migrated with rabbit globin. The prokaryotic RNAs of Q beta and MS2 were translated with a very low efficiency. The yeast cell-free system programmed with yeast polysomal RNA provides an excellent model for the study of translational control in a eukaryote. PMID- 6997304 TI - The Journal of Biological Chemistry after seventy-five years. PMID- 6997305 TI - Biosynthesis of a plasmid-encoded outer membrane surface exclusion protein involves processing from a precursor polypeptide. AB - MRB is a major R222 plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein previously described by this laboratory which is immunologically identical with F plasmid traTp. We have detected an apparent precursor polypeptide of MRB in Escherichia coli minicells which reacts with specific anti-MRB serum. In the presence of proteolytic inhibitors, immunologically reactive precursor MRB polypeptides are found in whole cells and minicells containing R222 or F plasmids. When R222 containing minicells were incubated for short periods of time with [35S]methionine, the precursor was predominantly labeled but was shown to be converted into MRB during subsequent incubation in media containing nonradioactive methionine. This conversion was inhibited in the presence of the proteolytic inhibitor tosyllysylalanyl chloramethyl ketone. These studies show that at least one plasmid-encoded membrane protein is processed in its E. coli host in a way resembling that of host cell membrane proteins. PMID- 6997307 TI - The beta major and beta minor globin nuclear transcripts of Friend erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate in culture. AB - Friend erythroleukemia clone 745 cells were induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) or by hemin treatment, and nuclear transcripts of the beta major and beta minor globin genes examined. The beta major and beta minor genomic sequences selectively labaeled in the nonhomologous part of the large intervening sequence 2 were hybridized to the nuclear RNA of Friend cells. The nuclear RNA of Me2SO-treated cells contained both beta major and beta minor nuclear transcripts, whereas hemin-treated cells contained only the beta minor transcripts. The beta minor nuclear transcripts were more abundant in the Me2SO-treated cells than in hemin-treated cells. Nuclear transcripts with the size of partially processed beta major globin mRNA precursors were also detected in the Me2SO-treated cells. PMID- 6997306 TI - Sciatin: purification and characterization of a myotrophic protein from chicken sciatic nerves. AB - A protein isolated from sciatic nerves of adult chickens promotes the morphological maturation and maintenance of embryonic avian skeletal muscle cells in the absence of innervation and is required for normal myogenesis in vitro. This trophic protein, sciatin, has been purified by ion exchange column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Sciatin migrated as a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 84,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfategel electrophoresis. The native molecular weight of sciatin as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation was 86,400. Amino acid analysis revealed that sciatin is relatively deficient in tryptophan, histidine, glycine, and arginine, but enriched in cysteine, methionine, alanine, and lysine. Carbohydrate determination showed that sciatin in composed of 11% sugar by weight with no detectable N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Sedimentation velocity centrifugation studies revealed an S20,w0 of 5.11 with a frictional coefficient of 1.31. Sciatin had no detectable protease or acetylcholinesterase activity. The results of the present study provide new biochemical information on a macromolecule with biological activities similar to those expressed by the "maintenance" group of growth factors which includes such proteins as nerve growth factor. PMID- 6997308 TI - Formation of a receptor state from which insulin dissociates slowly in hepatic cells and plasma membranes. AB - 125I-insulin dissociated from rat hepatocytes and liver plasma membranes with a time course suggestive of more than a single kinetic process. Dissociation curves were resolved into rapidly and slowly dissociating components. Increasing times of hormone-cell or hormone-membrane incubation prior to the initiation of dissociation increased the proportion of slowly dissociable 125I-insulin and decreased the proportion of rapidly dissociating hormone. The rates of loss of rapidly and slowly dissociating 125I-insulin, 1 to 2 x 10(-3) and 2 to 7 x 10(-5) s-1, respectively, were the same in cell and membrane incubates. The capacity of liver membranes and hepatocytes to bind 125I-insulin in a slowly dissociable state was saturable with respect to insulin concentration (approximately 10(-8) M). The observation of the same physical process in both cells and plasma membranes demonstrates a distinct role for receptors at the exterior surface of target cells in the retention of insulin. PMID- 6997309 TI - Metabolism of prostacyclin by 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in human platelets. Formation of a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and enzyme purification. AB - We have reported the identification of a metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the liver, 6-keto-PGE1, a substance having similar potency to PGI2 in its vascular and antiaggregative actions but differing in its greater stability. Either PGI2 or its inactive hydrolysis product, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, can be enzymically transformed via the 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase pathway to 6-keto-PGE1. In this study, we demonstrated 9-OH prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in the cytoplasmic fraction of human platelets by measuring the release of 3H from positin 9 using [9-3H]PGI2 and [9-3H]6-keto-PGF1 alpha as substrates. The enzyme was further purified by DEAE-cellulose, followed by Sephadex G-200, and finally by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was found to have a pH optimum of 8.5 to 9.0 and an isoelectric point of 5.0. The molecular weight was estimated to be 60,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Enzymic activity was time- and concentration-dependent and required NAD+ as a cofactor. The activity of the purified enzyme was further confirmed by using a more stable form of PGI2, the methyl ester. Incubation of [11-3H]PGI2 methyl ester with the purified enzyme resulted in formation of [11-3H]6-keto-PGE1 methyl ester, which also inhibited platelet aggregation. Thus, 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in platelets could be a major enzymic pathway for the transformation of PGI2, and perhaps 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, to 6-keto-PGE1. The possibility that the effects of prostacyclin on platelet aggregation are related to conversion to the biologically active metabolite, 6-keto-PGE1, should be considered. PMID- 6997310 TI - Stereochemical course of the transmethylation catalyzed by catechol O methyltransferase. AB - The steric course of the methyl group transfer catalyzed by catechol O methyltransferase was studied using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) carrying a methyl group made chiral by labeling with 1H, 2H, and 3H in an asymmetrical arrangement. Incubation of the two diastereomers of this substrate with catechol O-methyl-transferase purified from rat liver and epinephrine or protocatechuic acid as acceptor gave the corresponding methylated catechols. These were degraded to convert the methoxy group in a series of stereochemically unambiguous reactions into the methyl group of acetate, which was then analyzed for its configuration. The results indicate that the transfer of the methyl group from AdoMet to either acceptor occurs in an inversion mode. The catechol O methyltransferase reaction thus involves a direct transfer of the methyl group from the sulfur of AdoMet to the oxygen of the catechol in an SN2 process, without a methylated enzyme intermediate. PMID- 6997311 TI - Fibroblastic cultures from the diabetic db/db mouse. Demonstration of decreased insulin receptors and impaired responses to insulin. AB - Binding of 125I-insulin to cells cultured from the skin of nondiabetic and diabetic (db/db) mice was 80 to 90% specific, time- and temperature-dependent, and maximal at pH 8.0. Porcine insulin and desalanine insulin competed equally for 125I-insulin binding, while proinsulin and desoctapeptide insulin were 35% and 20% as potent, respectively. 125I-Insulin dissociated from both types of fibroblasts with a T 1/2 of 7.5 min. Analysis of the dissociation data resolved two rate constants of 3.0 and 1.0 X 10(-4) s-1 for nondiabetic, and 2.0 and 0.8 X 10(-4) s-1 for diabetic fibroblasts. Binding of 125I-insulin to diabetic fibroblasts was 35 to 50% of that to nondiabetic fibroblasts during at least 17 passages. Scatchard analysis of the binding data resolved high (K1 = 2 X 10(10( M 1) and low affinity K2 = 2 X 10(9) M-1) sites. Nondiabetic fibroblasts possessed 7.7 X 10(4) sites/cell, while diabetic fibroblasts possessed 2.9 X 10(4)/cell. Incubation of nondiabetic fibroblasts with insulin resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the binding of 125I-insulin. Binding activity returned to normal when insulin was removed and it was prevented by cycloheximide. In contrast, diabetic fibroblasts did not exhibit down-regulation of receptors. A half-maximal and maximum (85%) stimulation of 2 deoxy-D-glucose uptake was observed with 0.75 nM and 16.7 nM insulin in nondiabetic fibroblasts. In contrast, diabetic cultures required 3.5 nM insulin for half-maximal stimulation of 2 deoxy-D-glucose uptake, and maximum stimulation was 32% with 16.7 nM insulin. Similarly, diabetic fibroblasts required higher concentrations of insulin (20 nM) to stimulate ornithine decarboxylase activity to 42% of nondiabetic cells. These results indicate that in comparison with fibroblastic cultures from nondiabetic animals, those from diabetic animals expressed differences in insulin receptor numbers which are maintained in culture over many generations and are accompanied by diminished insulin responses. PMID- 6997312 TI - Affinity labeling of the active site of yeast pyruvate kinase by 5'-p fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. AB - Yeast pyruvate kinase is irreversibly inactivated by 1.1 mM 5'-p fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine at pH 8.6 with an initial rate constant of 0.019 min-1. A plot of kinact versus the 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine concentration yields a hyperbolic curve indicative of binding of the analog prior to reaction. Marked protection is afforded by phosphoenolpyruvate + fructose 1,6 diphosphate + Mg2+ or MgATP suggesting that reaction occurs within the active site. When assayed at less than saturating phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations, the inactivation caused by the reagent in the absence of added ligands appears slower, and reaction in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose 1,6 diphosphate, and Mg2+ produces an activation of the enzyme, the extent of which is dependent on the assay concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate. The rate constant for activation was observed to be 0.113 min-1. The activated enzyme exhibits both a lowered K0.5 and Hill coefficient compared to native pyruvate kinase. Subsequent addition of 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine to activated pyruvate kinase in the absence of added ligands leads to inactivation with the rate constant independent of the assay concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate. Covalent reaction of pyruvate kinase with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine thus occurs at two distinct sites. In the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose 1,6 diphosphate, and Mg2+, incorporation of tritiated 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine is linearly proportional to the extent of activation of the enzyme, with 4 mol of reagent bound/mol of tetrameric pyruvate kinase for maximally activated enzyme. In the absence of added ligands, approximately 4.5 mol of reagent are incorporated/mol of enzyme at 15 min of reaction, while 80% of the original activity remains. Subsequent incorporation is proportional to the extent of inactivation with 8 mol bound at 100% in activaton. In the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose 1,6-diphospate, and Mg2+, 3 tyrosines and 1 lysine residue, and in the absence of ligands, 6 tyrosines and 2 lysine residues are modified, suggesting that both amino acids are within the two nucleotide sites. PMID- 6997313 TI - Membrane phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Identification of the sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase polypeptide as the plsB gene product. AB - A collection of hybrid plasmids bearing a structural gene, plsB, for the sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia cole (Lightner, V. A., Larson, T. J., Tailleur, P., Kantor, G. D., Raetz, C. R. H., Bell, R. M., and Modrich, P. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9413-9420) was employed to identify the membrane protein which is the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Strains containing these hybrid plasmids exhibited a marked increase in sn-glycerol-3 phosphate acyltransferase activity which was quantitatively extracted from membrane preparations with Triton X-100. Analysis of polypeptides present in detergent extracts of membranes from strains harboring the hybrid plasmids revealed a marked overproduction of a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 83,000, which was also the major protein labeled in minicells containing these hybrid plasmids. The labeled 83,000-dalton protein cochromatographed with sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity on DEAE-cellulose. Utilization of three hybrid plasmids bearing amber mutations within the plsB gene demonstrated that the 83,000-dalton protein is the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Analysis of Bam HI deletion plasmids demonstrated that a 2.3-megadalton DNA fragment is necessary and sufficient for expression of the plsB gene. The sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase was purified to near homogeneity from Triton X-100 extracts of membranes from overproducing strains. The preparations had reconstitutable specific activity of 2.5 micromol/min/mg and contained a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 83,000. PMID- 6997314 TI - A method for testing the growth-promoting property of tissue culture media using radionuclides. PMID- 6997315 TI - Estimation of residual free formaldehyde in biological products. PMID- 6997316 TI - Effect of metabisulphite on residual free formaldehyde estimations. PMID- 6997317 TI - Simple potency test for LH-RH preparations. PMID- 6997318 TI - Neonatal feeding practices and infant mortality during the 18th century. PMID- 6997320 TI - Serratia marcescens in mixed aerobic infections of bone. A report of two patients. AB - Two patients with acute osteomyelitis of the foot caused by mixed aerobic organisms are described; sources of infection and predisposing factors are discussed. Serratia marcescens was isolated in each instance. Antimicrobial therapy which did cover this organism failed; a change to treatment directed against it succeeded. PMID- 6997319 TI - A modification of the Lapidus operation for hallux valgus. AB - A modification of the Lapidus procedure to correct hallux valgus is described in which the length of the first metatarsal is maintained. One hundred and nineteen operations in 78 patients have been followed up for between two and 16 years. There were excellent or good results in 110 feet (92 per cent). PMID- 6997321 TI - The healing of autologous bone grafts after varying degrees of surgical trauma. A microscopic and histochemical study in the rabbit. AB - Tibial grafts in rabbits were studied using a microscopic technique in vivo that made it possible to photograph the "graft to be" at the donor site and then subsequently to observe the same graft repeatedly at the host site. With this method the effects on the graft tissues of varying degrees of surgical trauma have been tested. The period of follow-up ranged between 14 and 300 days. The grafts removed with minimal trauma showed a more rapid rapid of revascularisation. In this group the first vessels appeared on average seven days after grafting, whereas they took 15 days in the grafts which were more severely traumatised. Bone remodelling started when the vascular density resembled the more pattern and this occurred earlier and much more rapidly in the minimally injured grafts. It correlated with the presence of surviving cells, as shown by histochemical tests, and a causal relationship is suggested. It is concluded that control of trauma is important not only in the preparation of the host bed but also in procurement of the graft. Suggestions are given on techniques to minimise the surgical trauma. PMID- 6997325 TI - Purification of enzymes by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. PMID- 6997323 TI - Effect of microinjected N-ethylmaleimide-modified heavy meromyosin on cell division in amphibian eggs. AB - N-Ethylmaleimide-modified heavy meromyosin (NEM-HMM) microinjected into amphibian eggs inhibits cytokinesis and the cortical contractions associated with wound closure. Injection of NEM-HMM into two-cell Rana pipiens embryos produces a zone of cleavage inhibition around the point of injection. Early furrows followed by time-lapse microcinematography are seen to slow and stop as they enter the NEM HMM-injected zone. Arrested furrows slowly regress, leaving a large region of cytoplasm uncleaved. Few nuclei are found in these regions of cleavage inhibition. Wound closure is often inhibited by NEM-HMM, especially when this inhibitor is injected just beneath the egg cortex. We observe that the surface of an unfertilized Rana egg is covered with microvilli that disappear during the course of development. The surfaces of NEM-HMM-inhibited zones remain covered with microvilli and resemble the unfertilized egg surface. PMID- 6997322 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural aspects of Mr 165,000 M-protein in cross-striated chicken muscle. AB - To better understand the relationship between the Mr 165,000 M-line protein (M protein) and H-zone structure in skeletal and in cardiac muscle, as well as the possible interaction of M-protein with another skeletal muscle M-line component, the homodimeric creatine kinase isoenzyme composed of two M subunits (MM-CK), we performed biochemical, immunological, and ultrastructural studies on myofibrils extracted by different procedures. In contrast to MM-CK, M-protein could not be completely removed from myofibrils by low ionic strength extraction. Fab fragments of antibodies against M-protein could not release M-protein quantitatively from either breast or heart myofibrils but remained bound to the myofibrillar structure, whereas monovalent antibodies against MM-CK cause the specific release of MM-CK and the concomitant disappearance of the M-line from chicken skeletal muscle myofibrils. When MM-CK was removed from skeletal myofibrils by low ionic strength extraction or, more specifically, by incubation with anti-MM-CK Fab, M-protein was still not released quantitatively upon treatment with anti-M-protein Fab as judged from immunofluorescence data. In the ultrastructural investigation of low ionic strength extracted muscle fibers, M protein could be localized in two stripes on both sides of the former M-line, suggesting a reduced attachment to the residual H-zone structure, whereas the specific removal of MM-CK resulted in the same dense staining pattern for M protein within the M-line as observed in untreated fibers. However, the binding of M-protein to the residual M-line structure seemed to be reduced, as a considerable amount of this protein could be identified in the supernate of sequentially incubated myofibrils. The results indicate a strong binding of M protein within the H-zone structure of skeletal as well as heart myofibrils. PMID- 6997324 TI - Use of water-soluble biospecific polymers for the purification of proteins. PMID- 6997326 TI - Cytophilic antithyroglobulin antibody and antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies cytophilic for human monocytes were detected in the serum of 30 of 45 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis using the passive rosette technique. These antibodies conferred on normal monocytes the ability to form rosettes with Tg-coated erythrocyres (E-Tg) in vitro. The percentage of E-Tg rosette-forming monocytes was correlated with serum anti-Tg antibody titers measured by tanned sheep red cell hemagglutination. Most serum cytophilic activities were recovered in the immunoglobulin G fraction and were not affected by heating to 56 C for 30 min or ultracentrifugation at 105,000 X g for 60 min. Passive E-Tg rosette formation by monocytes was immunologically specific and was inhibited by the addition of small amounts of free Tg into the medium but was not inhibited by the addition of normal human serum. The anti-Tg antibody-armed monocytes became cytotoxic against Tg-coated chicken erythrocytes and lysed target erythrocytes by an extracellular mechanism. It was suggested that monocytes might be armed by cytophilic antibodies in vivo, since monocytes of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed increased E-Tg binding (rosette formation) relative to monocytes from control subjects. These findings support the possible pathogenetic involvement of monocytes in human autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6997327 TI - Impaired pancreatic alpha-cell response in hyperthyroidism. AB - Recently, we observed that in hyperthyroid patients, plasma glucagon was not adequately suppressed by an oral glucose load, suggesting altered pancreatic alpha-cell sensitivity. To further assess pancreatic alpha-cell function in hyperthyroidism, plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin resonses to a protein meal were determined in normal subjects and hyperthyroid patients. Fasting plasma glucose was normal in hyperthyroid patients. A protein meal produced an increase in plasma glucose levels in hyperthyroid patients, whereas in normal subjects protein feeding was followed by a decline in blood glucose levels. Basal glucagon was markedly elevated in three of nine hyperthyroid patients, whereas in the remaining six, fasting plasma glucagon was unaltered. In both groups, protein feeding induced a glucagon rise; however, the increment was significantly smaller in hyperthyroid patients. In hyperthyroidism, fasting plasma insulin was raised and the insulin response to a protein meal was exaggerated. Furthermore, the insulin elevations were sustained and did not return to the basal level by 180 min as observed in normal subjects. We conclude that 1) the plasma glucagon response to a protein meal is blunted in hyperthyroidism, a finding which confirms our recent observation of decreased sensitivity of the pancreatic alpha cell in hyperthyroidism; 2) fasting hyperinsulinemia with simultaneous euglycemia is consistent with the presence of insulin resistance in hyperthyroidism; and 3) the sustained and exaggerated plasma insulin rise after ingestion of a protein meal suggests hypersensitivity of the pancreatic beta-cell in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6997328 TI - Effect of dexamethasone and cortisone on insulin receptors in normal human male. AB - Results of a recent study suggested that depending upon the glucocorticoid or the model used, opposite changes occur in insulin binding; in fact, the increase in insulin receptor number on monocytes after prednisone ingestion in man appears to contrast with previous reports in animals in which a decrease was shown after dexamethasone. To establish whether this apparent discrepancy depends upon the model used in human studies (i.e. monocytes), the effect of dexamethasone and corticone intake on normal men was evaluated. A significant decrease was observed in insulin binding on circulating monocytes 24, 48, and 72 h after both steroids, mainly due to reduced receptor affinity. Furthermore, steroid treatment increased insulinemia which did not appear to be related to insulin binding. These data are in agreement with results in animal studies and appear to suggest that previous data on prednisone do not depend upon the model used (i.e. monocytes) but upon the hormone itself, thus indicating that glucocorticoids, depending upon their chemical structure, may produce opposite changes in membrane insulin binding sites. Furthermore, since dexamethasone and cortisone affect plasma insulin levels in the same fashion as previously reported with prednisone, it is suggested that the variation in insulin binding observed after glucocorticoid treatment is not due to variations in insulinemia. PMID- 6997329 TI - Prehepatic insulin production in man: kinetic analysis using peripheral connecting peptide behavior. AB - The prehepatic production of insulin in normal man was evaluated by kinetic analysis of connecting peptide (C-peptide) behavior in the plasma in men and women. Studies were performed during suppression of endogenous insulin secretion (induced by both fasting and exogenous insulin injection) as well as during stimulation of secretion (induced by oral glucose ingestion) and iv glucose injection. Least squares spline fitting of the C-peptide data by interactive computer analysis permitted evaluation of the precursor production of insulin using a two-compartment model for C-peptide removal. Basal prehepatic insulin production averaged 15-4 mU/70 kg.min in 20 subjects and was reduced to 0.9 +/- 2.2 mU/70 kg.min after 84 h of fasting. The injection of exogenous iv insulin resulted in suppression of endogenous production to 0 +/- 2.5 mU/70 kg.min. Maximum prehepatic insulin production induced by a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test was 91 +/- 1.2 mU/70 kg.min, with a cumulative hormone secretion of 11.4 +/- 2.0 U over the 5 h of observation. After the acute iv injection of 25 g glucose, production rose to 465 +/- 108 mU/70 kg.min at 2 min post injection and rapidly returned toward basal. Levels of insulin in the portal vein calculated from this analysis were markedly elevated relative to simultaneous peripheral venous levels. These results quantitate prehepatic insulin production and portal venous insulin concentration from an analysis of the behavior of C-peptide within the plasma in both the steady state and the nonsteady state in man. PMID- 6997330 TI - Prednisolone disposition in cushingoid and noncushingoid kidney transplant patients. AB - Little information is available on the disposition of prednisolone in kidney transplant patients and whether correlations exist between the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic or toxic effects of this drug. The present study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in six noncushingoid and six cushingoid transplant recipients. The elimination half-lives were not significantly different in the noncushingoid and cushingoid patients (2.3 vs. 3.3 h). However, other pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly lower in the cushingoid group: plasma clearance (147 vs. 82 ml/min) and volume of distribution (32 vs. 20 liters). In addition, the availability of prednisolone after oral prednisone administration was considerably variable (overall range, 27-108%) and was not significantly different between the two groups. Thus, in kidney transplant patients it appears that the plasma clearance and volume of distribution of prednisolone may distinguish between noncushingoid and cushingoid patients. PMID- 6997331 TI - Plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations in acromegaly. AB - Sixteen patients with clinically active acromegaly were investigated; four of these had insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Those acromegalic subjects who were not diabetic exhibited excessive insulin responses to glucose and arginine stimulation. By contrast, plasma glucagon concentrations in these patients did not differ significantly from those in control subjects. Acromegalic patients who also had insulin-independent diabetes had a markedly reduced insulin response to glucose stimulation, while arginine-induced insulin secretion was relatively well preserved. Although there was a tendency for plasma glucagon concentrations to be higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic group of acromegalic subjects, this difference did not achieve statistical significance either in the basal state or during the glucose amd arginine infusion tests. PMID- 6997332 TI - Captopril-induced changes in prostaglandin production: relationship to vascular responses in normal man. AB - Captopril is a potent hypotensive agent whose efficacy has hitherto been attributed to its ability to alter either angiotensin II formation or kinin degradation. Our purpose was to examine captopril's acute effect on prostaglandin production, because changes in neither the renin-angiotensin nor the kallikrein kinin systems appear adequate to account for the fall in arterial pressure. The plasma levels of angiotensin II, kinins, and prostaglandins were determined in response to increasing doses (5, 12.5, and 25 mg) of captopril and these responses were compared with the change in arterial pressure observed in nine supine normal male subjects studied on both a high (200 meq) and low (10 meq) sodium intake.Captopril significantly (P < 0.01) increased the levels of the 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolite of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)-M), a potent vasodilator, with similar responses being observed on both a high and a low sodium intake. No significant changes in the plasma levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F (1)alpha, or thromboxane B(2), the stable products of prostacyclin and thromboxane A(2), respectively, occurred. The depressor response to captopril correlated with the change in PGE(2)-M (r = 0.52, t = 5.44, P < 0.0001). On the other hand, although significant (P < 0.02) decrements in angiotensin II and increments in plasma kinins accompanied the hypotensive response in sodium-restricted subjects, in sodium-loaded subjects where the renin angiotensin system was suppressed, no change in angiotensin II, and only a modest change in kinins was noted, even though significant (P < 0.01) decrements in diastolic blood pressure occurred (-10+/-2 mm Hg).Thus, changes in depressor prostaglandin production can better account for the hypotensive response to captopril, thereby extending to yet another vasoactive system an influence by this class of drugs and providing a new approach to dissecting the abnormality in the control of vascular tone in patients with hypertension. PMID- 6997333 TI - Mechanisms of insulin resistance in human obesity: evidence for receptor and postreceptor defects. AB - To assess the mechanisms of the insulin resistance in human obesity, we have determined, using a modification of the euglycemic glucose clamp technique, the shape of the in vivo insulin-glucose disposal dose-response curves in 7 control and 13 obese human subjects. Each subject had at least three euglycemic studies performed at insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, 240, or 1,200 mU/M2/min. The glucose disposal rate was decreased in all obese subjects compared with controls (101 +/- 16 vs. 186 +/- 16 mg/M2/min) during the 40 mU/M2/min insulin infusion. The mean dose-response curve for the obese subjects was displaced to the right, i.e., the half-maximally effective insulin concentration was 270 +/- 27 microU/ml for the obese compared with 130 +/- 10 microU/ml for controls. In nine of the obese subjects, the dose-response curves were shifted to the right, and maximal glucose disposal rates (at a maximally effective insulin concentration) were markedly decreased, indicating both a receptor and a postreceptor defect. On the other hand, four obese patients had right-shifted dose-response curves but reached normal maximal glucose disposal rates, consistent with decreased insulin receptors as the only abnormality. When the individual data were analyzed, it was found that the lease hyperinsulinemic, least insulin-resistant patients displayed only the receptor defect, whereas those with the greatest hyperinsulinemia exhibited the largest post-receptor defect, suggesting a continuous spectrum of defects as one advances from mild to severe insulin resistance. When insulin's ability to suppress hepatic glucose output was assessed, hyperinsulinemia produced total suppresssion in all subjects. The dose-response curve for the obese subjects was shifted to the right, indicating a defect in insulin receptors. Insulin binding to isolated adipocytes obtained from the obese subjects was decreased, and a highly significant inverse linear relationship was demonstrated between insulin binding and the serum insulin concentration required for halfmaximal stimulation of glucose disposal. IN CONCLUSION: (a) decreased cellular insulin receptors contribute to the insulin resistance associated with human obesity in all subjects; (b) in the least hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistant patients, decreased insulin receptors are the sole defect, whereas in the more hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant patients, the insulin resistance is the result of a combination of receptor and postreceptor abnormalities; (c) all obese patients were insensitive to insulin's suppressive effects on hepatic glucose output; this was entirely the result of decreased insulin receptors; no postreceptor defect in this insulin effect was demonstrated. PMID- 6997335 TI - The effects of relaxation instructions and EMG biofeedback on test anxiety, general anxiety, and locus of control. AB - Examined the applicability of EMG biofeedback to alleviating subjectively experienced test-taking anxiety along with the effects of relaxation training on locus of control. The Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) was administered to 271 freshman psychology students. Students whose scores indicated high levels of test anxiety were invited to participate. Twenty-seven volunteers were assigned randomly to three groups. Biofeedback (B) Ss received relaxation instructions and EMG biofeedback. Instruction-Control (IC) Ss received instructions alone. A second control group (C) received no treatment. Pre and post measures included the AAT, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Rotter Locus of Control (I-E) Scale. Relaxation training involved eight half-hour sessions, two per week for 4 weeks. B and IC Ss changed significantly from pre to post on the anxiety measures. This was true for specific test-taking anxiety and for general anxiety. C Ss showed no change. On the I-E scale, only IC Ss showed a significant shift toward being more internal. PMID- 6997336 TI - Differentiation between acting-out and non-acting-out alcoholics with the Rorschach and Hand Test. AB - Two Hand Test and 18 Rorschach variables significantly differentiated two subgroups of aggressive and nonaggressive alcoholics (N = 60). The aggressive group could be characterized as hostile, impulsive, undercontrolled, undersocialized, and deficient in the capacity to pursue constructive environmental objectives. The results were largely in accord with other projective studies of known acting-out groups. The 11 predictor variables that emerged from a stepwise discriminant analysis appear to have practical value for recognizing the potential acting-out alcoholic and also provide evidence for the construct validity of the two projective tests used in this study. PMID- 6997334 TI - DNA content analysis by flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. AB - Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of DNA content was performed on 82 lymph node and peripheral blood specimens from 46 patients with mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Overall, 32 of the 46 patients (70%) had aneuploidy detected by FCM. Aneuploidy was present in 63% of the patients at the time of diagnosis before systemic therapy. In these patients, aneuploidy was frequently detected in blood and lymph node specimens scored as negative by cytology and histology, suggesting that unsuspected extracutaneous dissemination is present in many patients at the time of diagnosis. Direct comparison with Giemsa-banded cytogenetic studies showed an excellent correlation of FCM results and cytogenetic chromosome number. However, FCM frequently detected a larger fraction of aneuploid cells, and mitogen-stimulation studies suggest this is the result of preferential stimulation of normal lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin. Thus, mitogens with a preference for malignant T cells, such as staphylococcal protein A, should be used for cytogenetic analysis of malignant T-cell disorders. At diagnosis, some histologically positive specimens contained only diploid cells by FCM and cytogenetic analysis. These patients had a more indolent clinical course than patients with aneuploidy. Aneuploidy was detected by FCM as either wide G(1) or as discrete aneuploid peaks. The presence of aneuploidy at any time in the clinical course implied a poor prognosis. Discrete hyperdiploid peaks were associated with large cell histology, early relapse, and aggressive clinical course. The development of hyperdiploidy at relapse was documented in four patients and was associated with a transition to large cell histology and a poor prognosis. Similar studies may elucidate differences in natural history and mechanism for transition in histology in other lymphomas and solid tumors. PMID- 6997337 TI - The nervus terminalis of the guinea pig: a new luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal system. AB - Immunoreactive LHRH-like material has been found in the cells and fibers of the nervus terminalis in fetal and adult guinea pig brains. LHRH-containing neurons and axons are seen in the nasal mucosa intermingled with fibers of the olfactory nerves, in ganglia along the ventromedial surfaces of the olfactory bulbs and forebrain, and in clusters surrounding perforating branches of the anterior cerebral artery in the regions of the septal nuclei and olfactory tubercle. Nonreactive neurons are found adjacent to the LHRH-positive cells in all of the ganglia. LHRH-immunoreactive cells and axons of the nervus terminalis are in intimate contact with cerebral blood vessels and the cerebrospinal fluid along the intracranial course of this nerve, deep to the meninges. The possible involvement of these structures in the neural mechanisms of sexual behavior and the neurohormonal regulation of reproductive function are discussed. PMID- 6997338 TI - Internal disorders associated with bullous disease of the skin. A critical review. AB - Acquired bullous dermatoses, including pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid (BP), dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), have been reported in association with multiple internal disorders. These associations, as well as those cases of bullous lesions in specific systemic disorders, may prove to be important markers of internal disease. Patients with acquired bullous disorders may require specialized evaluation or follow-up. Pemphigus is associated with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis; however, the course of disease is rarely affected. Pemphigus, pemphigoid, and DH are associated with other autoimmune disorders. Particularly important are the associations of pemphigoid and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and DH and thyroid disorders. PCT may occur with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). Malignancy is rarely associated with bullous dermatoses except coincidentally, with the exception of porphyria and hepatic tumors, and DH and lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6997339 TI - Therapy and histopathology of complications from synthetic fiber implants for hair replacement. A presentation of one hundred cases. AB - One hundred cases of postoperative complications due to inserting synthetic wig fibers into the scalps of patients seeking to remedy their patterned alopecia were studied. Modes of therapy to remedy these problems were evaluated. The best results were obtained by removing the offending material. Histopathology of the lesions is discussed. The severity of the complications of synthetic hair implants to remedy baldness makes the implantation of fibers into the scalp a dangerous, futile, and expensive approach, which should be abandoned immediately. Cosmetic reconstruction should be deferred at least 3 to 6 months after the last fiber is removed. PMID- 6997340 TI - Herman Beerman. PMID- 6997341 TI - Computed medical imaging. Nobel lecture, Decemberr 8, 1979. PMID- 6997342 TI - Congenital thoracic dermal sinus: diagnosis by computer assisted metrizamide myelography. AB - A thoracic dermal sinus extending from the skin into the spinal cord through a defect in the neural arch of T2 is described. Computed tomographic myelography (metrizamide) clearly showed the full extent of the lesion and its relationship to surrounding muscles, bone, dura, arachnoid, and neural tissue. PMID- 6997343 TI - Diet and hyperkinesis: a review of the controversy. AB - Controlled scientific evaluation of the efficacy of the Kaiser-Permanente diet has just begun and no studies have proved or disproved its usefulness in controlling the hyperkinetic syndrome. Further studies with good controls are needed. The best studies done so far tend to support the thesis that control of diet may influence the disorder. It has not been shown that diet is the most important variable; nor have the effective substances been identified. The Kaiser Permanente diet appears to be basically sound and perhaps superior to a normal diet, with the exception of its low Vitamin C content. Careful monitoring of the child on this diet by a professional would be advisable. The hyperkinetic syndrome may represent more than one disease entity and may, therefore, require different forms of therapy. A careful evaluation of the individual case should be made, considering diet; behavioral, psychological, and physical problems; and learning disabilities, before the diagnosis of hyperkinetic syndrome is established. Cooperation of the physician, educator, and psychologist is required. The best form of treatment (dietetic, psychiatric, behavioral, or pharmaceutic) should be predicated upon the assessment by these professionals. PMID- 6997345 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine: "Ephraim McDowell" (1771-1830). PMID- 6997344 TI - Microleakage and the class V composite cavosurface. AB - The following conclusions may be made from this study: Substantial leakage occurs around unetched composite restorations. No procedure employed in this study consistently eliminated all leakage. Etching the peripheral enamel decreased penetration of the dye. The use of an intermediary bonding resin did not enhance marginal sealing over that obtained when only the etchant was used. The gingival margin was less resistant to penetration of the dye than the occlusal margin. Beveling the cavosurface margin produced a significant decrease in leakage, when employed with acid etching in Group II. PMID- 6997346 TI - Mycosis fungoides: retrospect, current understanding, and prospect. AB - After a brief historical view of mycosis fungoides from Alibert's time to the present, the authors go on to detail the average biologic course of mycosis fungoides, give a protocol for investigating patients with disease as extensively as modern means permit, review past and present staging schemes, and finally, review treatment as practiced today and speculate upon what may yet be practiced to the better in the future. PMID- 6997348 TI - Ultrastructural observations on fungal elements in Trichophyton rubrum granuloma. PMID- 6997347 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in peripheral lymphocytes of psoriasis and Sezary's syndrome: possible significance in T-lymphocyte dysfunction. PMID- 6997349 TI - The effect of vitamin A derivatives on digestive glands of rats. PMID- 6997350 TI - The role of mite, house dust and Candida allergens in chronic urticaria. PMID- 6997351 TI - Scleromyxedema --report of a case with hyperpolygammopathy and immunoglobulin and complement deposition in cutaneous lesions--. PMID- 6997352 TI - Mongolian spots remaining in schoolchildren a statistical survey in Central Okinawa. PMID- 6997353 TI - Prolidase activity during healing of skin burns in rats. PMID- 6997354 TI - Effect of local hyperthermia on two cases of psoriasis vulgaris. PMID- 6997356 TI - References to contemporary papers on acoustics. PMID- 6997355 TI - [Delayed hypoglycemic activity of the hexapeptide analog of the 22-26 fragment of the B-chain of insulin]. PMID- 6997357 TI - The role of psychological tests for differential diagnosis in child psychiatry. PMID- 6997358 TI - Obsessive-compulsive disorder of childhood and adolescence. A neurobiological viewpoint. PMID- 6997359 TI - Mineral elements: new perspectives. AB - Research during the 1970s brought out the importance of interrelationships among trace elements and better definition of human mineral requirements. These have practical implications which are pointed up in this paper. For example, iron absorption (important in meeting requirements of women of child-bearing age) can be improved by co-ingestion of ascorbic acid and/or meat, poultry, or fish products. The interplay between calcium and protein metabolism is also summarized. To accommodate as yet incomplete knowledge, the 1980 revision of the Recommended Dietary Allowances has incorporated the concept of "ranges of safe and adequate intakes" for two minerals and six trace elements. Copper and chromium appear to be of special importance, and their adequacy in the diet cannot be taken for granted. The nutrient density of these two elements per 1,000 kcal can be used in assessing intake in broad terms of "poor," "marginal," or "adequate," although this is by no means a quantitative type of judgment. PMID- 6997360 TI - Anesthetic effects from low concentrations of proparacaine and benoxinate. AB - Using double masking procedures, the response to McKay-Marg and Goldmann tonometry of 361 randomly selected patients was determined following the installation of a single dose of either 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5% proparacaine or 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4% benoxinate. Examiners graded the adequacy, patient tolerance and conjunctival hyperemia induced by the drop, while the subjects reported on the sting of the drop, awareness of the tonometer and discomfort after the procedure. The results indicate that 0.25% proparacaine is an effective anesthetic dose on all patients and that 0.2% benoxinate and 0.125% proparacaine would be effective on patients over age 40. The implication of these results is that significantly lower doses of anesthetic can be used which will result in less stinging, reduced hyperemia and shorter duration of action. PMID- 6997361 TI - Effect of age on leucine-induced insulin secretion by the beta-cell. AB - We have previously shown that aging is associated with a marked decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin release by the beta-cell. To determine whether this age-related defect occurs with other insulin secretagogues, we have investigated leucine-stimulated insulin release. Islets of Langerhans were isolated from 2- and 12-month-old rats, and incubated with 5-20 mM 5-20 mM leucine or with 16.7 mM glucose. Islets from 12-month-old rats showed a decline in rate of leucine induced secretion as compared to islets of 2-month-old donors (i.e., mean (+/- SEM) insulin secretion at 20 mM leucine was 0.79 (+/- 0.06) and 1.17 (+/- 0.09) microU/min/islet), respectively for 12- and 2-month-old rats. beta-cell number is increased in islets from 12-month-old donors, and when this increase is taken into account, the average beta-cell from 12-month-old donors secretes only one half the rate of beta-cells from 2-month-old donors. These findings are comparable to those seen after glucose-stimulation, and emphasize the potential global nature of the age-related defect in beta-cell function. PMID- 6997362 TI - Current publications in gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 6997363 TI - A description of adult Wuchereria bancrofti (rural strain) from an experimental infection in the long-tailed macaque, Macaca fascicularis (sny. M. irus). AB - Adult worms of the rural strain of Wuchereria bancrofti in Peninsular Malaysia obtained from a successful experimental transmission in an immunosuppressed Macaca fascicularis are described for the first time. Although the worms, especially females, were slightly smaller, they were similar in morphology to those of the periodic and non-periodic W. bancrofti previously described. PMID- 6997364 TI - Immunofluorescent studies in filariasis: antibody levels in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia malayi. AB - The indirect fluorescent antibody technique has been applied to detect antibody levels in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia malayi. Sonicated antigens were prepared from microfilariae and adult worms. Sonicated microfilariae were found to be satisfactory for this purpose. Cyanogen bromide activated sepharose coated with soluble antigens prepared from microfilariae and adult worms was also used to detect antibodies to Brugia infections. The present observations show that these techniques can be usefully applied for detention of filarial infections. Antibody titres in infected jirds generally ranged from 1:16 1:256 and were not affected by treatment with diethylcarbamazine. PMID- 6997365 TI - Immunofluorescent studies in filariasis: antibody levels in rats infected with the Malayan forest filaria, Breinlia booliati. AB - Antibody levels were investigated in rats infected with Breinlia booliati using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Sonicated antigens were prepared from microfilariae and adult worms. Adult worm antigen was rather unsatisfactory. The sonicated microfilarial antigen was useful in detecting antibodies in various groups of rat sera. Very high antibody levels were seen in amicrofilaraemic rats harbouring unisexual infections or varying worm loads. The significance of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6997366 TI - Immunodiagnosis of human filariasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using Litomosoides carinii antigens. AB - The presence of precipitin antibody and soluble circulating antigen was demonstrated in sera of individuals with clinical filariasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Antigens derived from Litomosoides carinii and antisera raised in rabbits to the adult worm antigens were used for the detection of antibody and antigen in human sera. Of 35 subjects, 2 had microfilariae in the peripheral blood, 9 soluble circulating antigen, 19 antibody in sera, and 6 had both antigen and antibody. It suggests that 5.7% of cases diagnosed as bancroftian filariasis by parasitological examination can be increased to 62.8% by serological means. PMID- 6997367 TI - Ultrastructural localization of alpha-OH acid oxidase in peroxisomes with the CeCl3 technique. AB - alpha-OH acid oxidase activity was demonstrated in peroxisomes of glutaraldehyde fixed tissues using the CeCl3 cytochemical method. For kidney, alpha-OH butyrate or alpha-OH valerate were used as substrates. These substrates gave much less reaction product in liver peroxisomes. Liver peroxisomes were more reactive with glycolate as substrate. Glycolate gave little or no reaction product in kidney peroxisomes. alpha-keto-glutarate inhibited activity of the enzyme with alpha-OH butyrate as substrate. PMID- 6997368 TI - Glicentin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas. AB - The distribution of the postulated glucagon precursor, glicentin, as well as of the gastrointestinal hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), has been studied by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Our results show that GIP antisera may contain a population of antibodies recognizing an immunoreactant common to glicentin and GIP. The occurrence of such common immunoreactants makes immunological distinction between the two hormones difficult and may explain previous results indicating that GIP is stored by glucagon cells. The present results indicate that GIP is produced by endocrine cells of the duodenum and jejunem and is absent from the pancreas, stomach, and large intestine. Glicentin like immunoreactivity is displayed by A cells of the pancreas and by oxyntic A cells of the stomach, as well as by numerous glucagon-like immunoreactant (GLI) cells of the ileum and colon. Use of glucagon ad glicentin antisera of differing specificities indicates that the processing of this putative prohormone differs between A cells and GLI cells. Studies on the ontogeny of pancreatic A cells also reveal differences in the reactivity pattern of glicentin-like immunoreactivity between fetal and adult rats. Ultraimmunocytochemical studies show that glicentin like immunoreactivity is mainly, stored in the cytoplasmic granules of pancreatic A cells. PMID- 6997369 TI - Comparisons of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages: soluble protein, esterase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II, and proteinase inhibitor. AB - The content of soluble protein, nonspecific esterase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II (DAP II), and proteinase inhibitors was compared for alveolar (AM) and peritoneal (PM) wash cells of rats. The cells present in the wash fluids were 85 90% macrophages in the peritoneal wash and 95% in the alveolar wash. Macromolecular components were resolved from whole cell homogenates by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIF) on horizontal gels and were identified cytochemically. Banding patterns clearly indicated a larger number of esterase zones in peritoneal compared to alveolar macrophages and ten previously unrecognized isozymes of DAP II in peritoneal macrophages with only three evident in their alveolar counterparts. (On whole blood smears, these cytochemically demonstratable enzymes were limited to macrophages, although DAP II was seen also in some mast cell granules). A protein band similar to the M6 band of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human serum was seen both in alveolar and peritoneal wash preparations. In addition, nine other major trypsin-binding protein bands were observed in the peritoneal macrophages, including two bands not observed in the alveolar macrophage extracts. PMID- 6997370 TI - Intracellular localization of fibronectin by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - We have localized fibronectin, a major extracellular glycoprotein of cultured fibroblasts, in chick embryo fibroblasts at the ultrastructural level using affinity-purified antibodies to fibronectin. The use of a ferritin bridge procedure permitted quantitation of localization in various organelles. These results provide the first intracellular ultrastructural localization of fibronectin. Extracellular labeling was confined to aggregates and fibrils, with little or no labeling of the plasma membrane. The principal sites of intracellular localization were the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Treatment of cells with the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and pactamycin reduced fibronectin localization in the endoplasmic reticulum to 50% of normal levels. Removal of cycloheximide permitted recovery of labeling to 85% of control levels in the endoplasmic reticulum. Similar, but much reduced, changes also occurred in the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 6997371 TI - Antibody labeling of thin sections of skeletal muscle with specific antibodies: a comparison of bovine serum albumin (BSA) embedding and ultracryomicrotomy. AB - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) embedding and ultracryomicrotomy were used to prepare thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed skeletal muscle; these were then treated with antibodies against alpha-actinin, myosin, and actin. Three criteria were then used to compare these two techniques: 1) The preservation of fine structure; 2) the specificity of labeling with antibodies and 3) the amount of antibody bound to a particular antigen. Fine structure was better preserved using ultracryomicrotomy. Both techniques, under optimal conditions, gave specific labeling of muscle components. The amount of antibody bound was higher for BSA sections than for frozen sections. The conclusion is that, while ultracryomicrotomy gives superior qualitative results, the most reliable quantitative estimates would be obtained by using both methods together. Ultracryomicrotomy has the additional advantage that semithin sections can be visualized by immunofluorescence. PMID- 6997372 TI - Iodine isotopes in radiation hygiene. AB - Radioactive isotopes of iodine rank among the factors of anthropogenic contamination of the biosphere. The review presents a radiation-hygienic survey of literary data and the author's own results of studies of the metabolism and biological effect of radioactive isotopes of iodine. The risk of their intake by human organism is evaluated. Particular attention is paid to 132-135I and 129I. Data on biological danger of these isotopes are scarce in the literature. PMID- 6997373 TI - Cytopathogenic effect caused by Bacteroides fragilis endotoxin. AB - The influence of Bacteroides fragilis ssp. fragilis NCTC 9343 and 62/73 endotoxins and Escherichia coli O26:B6 lipopolysaccharide on human embryo fibroblast cultures was examined. Different endotoxin dilutions were added to the suspension of fibroblasts in culture medium containing 2--3 x 10(5) cells 1 ml. Results were recorded at 24-th intervals for 96 h. The viability of the cells and morphological and cytological changes were determined. The both tested endotoxins from strains of Bacteroides fragilis produced in cultures of human embryo fibroblasts morphological and cytological changes, analogous to those observed under the action of Escherichia coli O26:B6 endotoxin. The intensity of the changes depended on the concentration and time of action of the endotoxin. The examined endotoxins added to the tissue cultures inhibited cells growth. Cell polymorphism, formation of syncytia, the appearance of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, cytoplasm vacuolisation and reduction of the number of nucleoli were observed. PMID- 6997374 TI - Subunit influenza vaccine and its testing in clinical immunology. AB - Subunit adsorbed chemical influenza vaccine [ACI] was tested in subcutaneous administration by the needleless and syringe methods. A weak reactogenicity and a high immunogenic activity of the ACI vaccine was demonstrated after a single administration by the needleless and syringe methods [73.0---75.0% of seroconversions with a geometric mean of the titre of 1:91.0---1:169.0 and a relative increase in antibody titre of 8.1---14.9]. Revaccination increased the mentioned indices to 75.0---86.0%, 1:128.0---1:181.0 and 11.3---16.0, respectively. A many-sided comparison of three preparations [ACI vaccine, "Vaxgrip" and "Mutagripe"] permitted to reveal a number of advantages in the Soviet vaccine. However, all the three preparations ensured an expressed protection against influenza virus. PMID- 6997375 TI - Immunological changes in the organism caused by incorporated radionuclides (a review). AB - A critical analysis of data of 57 publications concerning the effect of incorporated radionuclides on the factors of nonspecific antiinfectious protection, indices of B and T immune systems, was carried out. The necessity was pointed out to evaluate these data not only by immunologists and radiotiologists, but also by representatives of other medico-biological branches---hygienists, epidemiologists radiologists and others. PMID- 6997376 TI - Ly phenotype of lymphocytes producing murine migration inhibitory factor (MIF). AB - Murine lymphocytes from lymph nodes or peritoneal exudates were tested after treatment with various anti-Ly sera plus complement for their ability to produce MIF in response to stimulation with either antigen or mitogen. When remaining cells in the LN and PEC were stimulated with either Con A or PPD, respectively, it was found that cells of the Lyl set were primarily responsible for MIF production by T cells. This does not rule out the possibility that, under certain circumstances, other T cell sets may produce MIF or material with similar properties after stimulation by antigen. PMID- 6997377 TI - Control of complement synthesis and secretion in bronchoalveolar and peritoneal macrophages. AB - The effect of inflammation on C (C2 and C4) biosynthesis by bronchoalveolar and peritoneal cells was studied with methods that detect changes in synthesis rates and qualitative changes in cell populations. Adherent bronchoalveolar macrophages produced less C2 and C4 than adherent peritoneal macrophages. However, the subset of cells capable of producing C was more than 20-fold greater in the peritoneal cell population than in the population of bronchoalveolar cells. The rate of synthesis per C producing bronchoalveolar macrophage was 5 to 10 times the rate by C producing peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, the effect of an inflammatory stimulus on C production was the result of a change in rate of synthesis per cell, not a change in the proportion of C producing cells. This stimulatory effect was exerted locally, not on a cell population harvested from a distant site. At least two mechanisms for local control of C levels in tissues have been identified--that is, a change in synthesis rate and a qualitative change in macrophage cell population. The capacity to alter C levels at a site of inflammation may be important for C dependent functions in host defenses. PMID- 6997378 TI - Feedback suppression: phenotypes of T cell subsets involved in the Ly1 T cell induced immunoregulatory circuit. AB - Ly1 inducer t cells (Ly1:SI) activate resting T cells to generate potent suppressor activity. Primed Ly1:SI generated in vitro were assayed for suppression induction in cultures containing B cells and various Lyt T cell sets that had been positively and/or negatively selected using alpha Lyt sera. These experiments both reaffirm the previously reported requirement for an Ly123 T cell in suppression by Ly1:SI and implicate a third T cell subset, which is absolutely required for the full expression of Ly1:SI-induced feedback suppression. This subset of T cells has the cell surface phenotype, Ly1- Ly23+ 1J+ Qa-1-. PMID- 6997379 TI - Delineation of a human T cell subset responsible for lepromin-induced suppression in leprosy patients. PMID- 6997380 TI - Studies of congenitally immunologically mutant New Zealand mice. IV. Development of autoimmunity in congenitally athymic (nude) New Zealand Black x White F1 hybrid mice. PMID- 6997381 TI - Characterization of complement resistance in Escherichia coli conferred by the antibiotic resistance plasmid R100. AB - We have examined the effect of the antibiotic resistance plasmid, R100, on the complement (C) mediated killing of Escherichia coli K-12 strains. The viabilities, in dilute normal rabbit serum (NRS), of 5 such strains were compared with the viabilities of the same strains harboring R100. For 1 strain, J6-2, we also measured the effect of R100 on viability in normal human serum (NHS) and in guinea pig serum (GPS); in NRS, NHS,and GPS devoid of classical C pathway activity; and in NHS devoid of alternative pathway activity. Finally, we compared the depletion of individual complement components in sera exposed to J6-2 and J6 2 harboring R100. Our results demonstrate that 1) R100 renders E. coli K-12 resistant to killing by NRS, NHS, and GPS; 2) the level of resistance, which ranges from 30- to 10,000-fold, is strain dependent and serum dependent; 3) R100 inhibits killing by both the classical and alternative C pathway. Resistance appears to involve a disruption on the C pathway subsequent to the activation of C5. PMID- 6997382 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to murine cell surface antigens. I. Lyt-1.1. AB - The production and properties of a monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 antibody are described. The monoclonal antibody is of the IgG2a subclass, is cytotoxic, and reacts with Staphylococcal protein A. The tissue culture supernatant has the same activity (titer on thymus > 1/1000) as an anti-Lyt-1.1 produced by a standard immunization procedure, and after in vivo passage of the hybridoma cell line, the serum titer was > 1:10(6). The monoclonal antibody has the same strain and tissue distribution as the conventional antibody, including reactions on Lyt-1 congenic strains, and it precipitates a cell surface molecule of m.w. approximately 67,000. In nonprimed mice, there were similar numbers of Thy-1+ and Lyt-1+ cells in spleen, lymph node, and thymus. By using the monoclonal reagent, T-helper and T-killer cells in an allogenic system were shown to be Lyt-1.1. PMID- 6997383 TI - Purification and physico-chemical characterization of rabbit tumor necrosis factor. AB - Rabbit TNF has been purified 2000-fold by a series of salt precipitations, gel filtrations, ion exchange chromatography, and lectin affinity chromatography to a single species on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). TNF activity could be recovered from nondenaturing gel systems and has been shown to be an alpha-globulin with an isoelectric point of 5.1. The m.w. was estimated to be 68,000 d by SDS-PAGE, 55,000 by gel filtration, and 52,000 by glycerol gradient centrifugation. TNF activity was stable over the pH range of 6 to 10 and was relatively heat stable, not being inactivated at 70 degrees C for 1 hr. TNF activity was pronase sensitive, but relatively trypsin resistant. Neuraminidase and phospholipase C treatment did not destroy TNF activity. Partially purified TNF was still capable of eliciting hemorrhagic necrosis in susceptible tumors. Crude TNF serum had an interferon titer of 3000 U, whereas the partially purified sample had a titer of <30 U. PMID- 6997384 TI - Development of B lymphocytes in the mouse; studies of the frequency and distribution of surface IgM and IgD in normal and immune-defective CBA/N F1 mice. AB - Affinity-purified anti-mouse mu and delta antibodies and flow microfluorometric techniques were utilized to study the frequency and distribution of sIgM and sIgD on adult and neonatal B lymphocytes of immunologically normal mice and mice with the immune-defect characteristic of the CBA/N strain. Neonatal normal B lymphocytes can be distinguished from their adult counterparts by the presence of increased amounts of sIgM on sIgM+ cells and by the increased number of sIgM+IgD- cells. The most primitive B lymphocytes of immunologically normal mice appear to reside in the bone marrow of 1- to 2-wk-old mice and are distinguished from splenic B lymphocytes at this time by their relatively low amounts of sIgM. However, in the adult, splenic and bone marrow B lymphocytes are indistinguishable with regard to the quantities of their sIgM or sIgD. Adult immune-defective mice have increased amounts of sIgM on their B lymphocytes, although the number of sIgM+ IgD- cells in these mice is not increased. During development, however, larger than normal numbers of sIgM+ IgD- cells are found in the spleen and bone marrow of these mice; and the low frequency of such cells seen in normal adults is not achieved in immune defectives until after the 56th day of life. Thereafter, immune-defective mice have low frequencies of B lymphocytes with high relative amounts of sIgM, even after 1 yr or age. PMID- 6997385 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte activation: macrophage-dependent suppression of T lymphocyte protein synthesis. AB - We investigated the influence of macrophages on lymphocyte protein synthesis in C57Bl/6N mice. When activated macrophages recovered from MSV-induced regressing tumors or peritoneal macrophages induced by C. parvum injection were cultured for 6 hr with resting or Concanavalin A-stimulated normal spleen cells, a decrease of protein synthesis was observed. In contrast, peritoneal macrophages induced by injection of light mineral oil or a macrophage cell line, WEHI-3, were completely ineffective. When the mixed cultures of normal spleen cells and macrophages were fractionated, we found that Thy 1.2-positive, nylon-nonadherent cells, but not plastic adherent cells, had a depressed protein synthesis. The suppressor cells, on the contrary, were Thy 1.2 negative, adherent, and phagocytic. We concluded that activated macrophages are able to inhibit T cell protein synthesis. In comparative studies, we found that the macrophage-dependent suppression of protein synthesis correlated with the capacity of the macrophage to suppress production of a lymphokine, migration inhibitory factor, by in vitro stimulated lymphocytes. The possibility that an early block of protein synthesis is one mechanism through which suppressor macrophages inhibit the immune response is discussed. PMID- 6997386 TI - Mechanism of B cell lymphoma immunotherapy with passive xenogeneic anti-idiotype serum. PMID- 6997387 TI - Proteolysis of the C5b-7 complex: cleavage of the C5b and C6 subunits and its effect on the interaction of the complex with phospholipid bilayers. AB - The present study was conducted to gain insight into the process of assembly of the C5b-7 complex on the phospholipid bilayer. The C5b-6 complex, C7, and 2 different forms of the C5b-7 complex (the C5b-7 complex either bound to artificial phospholipid bilayers or in fluid phase) were digested with trypsin, and the resulting products were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The alpha'-chains of C5b and C6 in the C5b-6 complex and C7 were susceptible to trypsin. The formation of the C5b-7 complex from the C5b-6 complex and C7 was accompanied by alteration in susceptibility to trypsin to C7: the C7 subunit of the fluid phase complex as well as of the complex bound to phospholipid vesicles is not susceptible to trypsin. On the other hand, the alpha'-chains of C5b and C6 in the C5b-7 complex bound to phospholipid vesicles as well as in fluid phase remained accessible and susceptible to trypsin, and cleaved as in the C5b-6 complex. Upon ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient, the proteolyzed C5b-7 complex in fluid phase dissociated into subunits. However, none of the subunits in the proteolyzed C5b-7 complex bound to phospholipid vesicles dissociated from vesicles upon sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Thus, the molecule of the C5b-7 complex became stable and resistant to proteolytic dissociation upon binding to the phospholipid bilayer. It is proposed that each subunit of the C5b-7 complex participates in the stable interaction of the complex with the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, the possible significance of the alteration in susceptibility to trypsin of C7 associated with the formation of the C5b-7 complex is discussed. PMID- 6997388 TI - Immune suppression in vivo with antigen-modified syngeneic cells. V. Interacting T cell subpopulations in the suppressor pathway. AB - Intravenous administration of syngeneic C57BL/6 cells coupled with the palmitoyl derivative of the protein antigen fowl gamma-globulin (p-FgG) results in a state of FgG carrier-specific nonresponsiveness, mediated in part by suppressor T cells. At least two populations of cells are involved in generating a suppressor pathway in this system, one induced in recipients of p-FgG coupled cells and the other contributed by normal recipients of cells from suppressed donors. Induction of T cells capable of transferring suppression to normal recipients is sensitive to 1) low doses of cyclophosphamide, 2) adult thymectomy, and 3) in vivo treatment with anti-I-J antisera. This T cell subset bears I-J determinants and is functionally sensitive to irradiation. The induction of the second population required for immune suppression is sensitive to 1) low doses of cyclophosphamide and 2) adult thymectomy. In addition, compatibility of genes at the Igh locus appears not to be essential for cellular interaction between these populations. The evidence that interacting T cell subpopulations are involved in a suppressor pathway induced with protein-modified syngeneic cells is discussed relative to other systems in which T-T cell interactions are postulated. PMID- 6997389 TI - Role of glycosylation in the proteolytic processing and secretion of the 4th component of complement (Ss protein) of the mouse. PMID- 6997390 TI - Risk of carcinogenesis among pill users. PMID- 6997391 TI - Filariasis with visceral involvement and inferior vena-caval obstruction. PMID- 6997392 TI - The regulatory role of I-J subregion in neonatal tolerance induction to H-2D alloantigens. AB - The mechanism of neonatally induced transplantation tolerance was studied in two mouse strain combinations involving differences at the D region of the H-2 complex only or at the same D region plus I-J subregion (including I-E, I-C, S and G regions). In the strain combination with the H-2D difference only, cells from tolerant mice proliferated markedly in the MLR assay when incubated with antigens tolerated in vivo, whereas the MLR reactions were negative in the combination with D plus I-J region disparities. In the latter combination cells from tolerant mice also did not respond to third-party antigens and their incubation with the tolerated antigens led to the suppression of cell proliferation. This non-specific suppression was absent in cells from tolerant mice in the strain combination, which differed in I-C, S, G and D alloantigens. Specific suppressor cells, which inhibited the development of cytotoxic cells, were demonstrated in tolerant mice of both strain combinations. The results show that, in additon to the specific suppressor cells induced by H-2K or H-2D alloantigens, nonspecific suppressor cells induced by the I-J region disparity that may regulate the resultant activity against H-2D (and probably also H-2K) alloantigens are involved in transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6997393 TI - How two Lafayette physicians rediscovered Fort Ouiatenon. PMID- 6997394 TI - Hematuria in childhood. PMID- 6997395 TI - The effect of 13-cis retinoic acid on epidermal lysosomal hydrolase activity in Darier's disease and pityriasis rubra pilaris. AB - Five patients with Darier's disease and 6 patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Extracts of separated epidermis were assayed for extractable protein, lactic dehydrogenase, Cathepsin D, beta glucuronidase and neutral proteinase before beginning therapy and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after therapy had begun. The epidermal extracts from patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris before beginning therapy were similar to extracts from normal control patients. During the course of therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid, protein extractability, lactic dehydrogenase and neutral proteinase did not change; there was a highly significant decrease in the specific activity of the lysosomal hydrolases Cathepsin D and beta glucuronidase. A similar but less dramatic fall was noted in the Darier's patients taking 13-cis-retinoic acid. Darier's patients also had a decrease in neutral proteinase activity before beginning therapy; the specific activity of this enzyme increased during the course of therapy. 13-cis-retinoic acid does not induce clinical remission by increasing the intracellular concentration of lysosomal enzymes in epidermis in vivo. PMID- 6997396 TI - Bullous pemphigoid antigen synthesized in vitro by human epidermal cells. AB - Cultured living human epidermal cells migrating on the surface of irradiated non viable pig dermis, were found to produce bullous pemphigoid antigen at the epidermis-pig dermal junction between days 10 and 50 in culture. In certain series, the antigen was detected within the cytoplasm of the basal cells as well. These findings suggest that the bullous pemphigoid antigen is synthesized by epidermal cells. PMID- 6997397 TI - Circulating immune complexes of IgA type in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - There is some evidence that dermatitis herpetiformis may be mediated by circulating immune complexes. This study attempts to define the antibody class of these complexes. All patients studied demonstrated granular deposition of IgA in the papillary dermis on direct immunofluorescence. Serum immune complexes were detected using the qualitative Raji cell immunofluorescent assay, as well as the quantitative immunoradiometric assay. A group of 25 dermatitis herpetiformis patients was found to have higher levels of IgA containing complexes compared to a group of normals (p < .01). Higher levels of IgG containing complexes were also noted in dermatitis herpetiformis patients at a low level of statistical significance (p < .1). The relationship of these complexes to the pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis is yet to be determined. PMID- 6997398 TI - Experimental infections with group A streptococci in humans. AB - Experimental inoculation of 7 strains of Group A streptococci failed to result in either colonization or infection of normal intact skin of human volunteers. All strains rapidly died on normal skin; suppression of the resident microflora did not affect survival and no difference in survival was seen between inoculation on lipid-rich and lipid-poor body areas. Inoculation on skin damaged by superficial scarification resulted in localized infections when 1 x 10(4) or more organisms were inoculated into the wound by rubbing and covered with an impermeable plastic film. Intradermal inoculation resulted in localized cellulitis, regional lymphadenopathy, and fever. All strains were equally effective in producing localized infections in scarified skin. PMID- 6997399 TI - Cryoglobulinemia and decreased monocyte chemotaxis is malignant melanoma. AB - The sera fromm 13 patients with malignant melanoma were evaluated for immune complexes by cryoprecipitation and the 125I Clq binding assay. Cryoprecipitates were identified in 12/13 patients (92%) and cryoimmunoglobulins in 7/13 patients (54%). Either cryoimmunoglobulin or elevated Clq binding was identified in 8/13 patients (62%). Incubation of normal monocytes with the resuspended cryoimmunoglobulin of 7 melanoma patients produced greater than 50% reduction in the ability of th monocytes to respond to chemotactic stimuli (p < .01). Similar inhibition was seen with cryoimmunoglobulin from erythema multiforme patients, but not with 'medium alone, albumin, heat aggregated albumin or heat aggregated IgG in similar concentrations. No soluble factors produced in vitro could be demonstrated to produce this inhibition. Inhibition of monocyte function by immune complexes may be an important component of impaired host response to malignant melanoma, or alternatively may represent an important mechanism for the accumulation of monocytes at sites of inflammation, analogous to migration inhibition factor. PMID- 6997400 TI - Human malignant melanoma: assay of tumor associated antigens by use of rabbit antisera. PMID- 6997401 TI - Immunofluorescence analysis of collagen, fibronectin, and basement membrane protein in scleroderma skin. AB - Scleroderma skin and the subcutaneous tissue was studied by indirect immunofluorescence with specific antibodies against interstitial collagens and procollagens, against fibronectin and against the basement membrane proteins Type IV collagen and laminin. Staining for Type I procollagen and fibronectin was distinctly increased in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue. When compared with normal skin the data suggests that fibrosis may start around capillaries and in close proximity to adipose cells. Additional changes in the distribution to Type IV collagen and laminin were found in some patients and probably reflect the alterations in small blood vessels. PMID- 6997402 TI - Relative antigenicity of P. orbiculare and C. albicans. AB - In lymphocyte transformation studies using optimal concentrations of P. orbiculare and C. albicans extracts, positive responses were found in 31 of 32 normal human subjects to the former and 44 of 49 to the latter. The overall degree of sensitivity to extracts of the 2 organisms as judged by stimulation ratios was not significantly different. The organisms did not appear to cross react in lymphocyte transformation tests, and in individual human subjects tested with both organisms, a strong response to one did not correlate with a strong response to the other. Extracts of neither organism contained substances suppressive of lymphocyte transformation. P. orbiculare extracts appeared to be significantly less antigenic than those of C. albicans, whether tested against naturally-sensitized humans or artificially-sensitized guinea pigs even though the same amount of protein was extractable from each organism. Therefore, these studies indicate that P. orbiculare has been as successful as C. albicans in producing sensitization against its antigens in the general human population. However, P. orbiculare appears to be significantly less antigenic than is C. albicans, a finding which might be related to the relative lack of inflammation in lesions produced by P. orbiculare, and the rather high incidence of chronic tinea versicolor as compared to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. PMID- 6997403 TI - The role of opsonins in recovery from experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. AB - The opsonization of type 1 and type 25 pneumococci in the rabbit lung early in the course of experimental pneumonia was studied. Bacteria washed from the lungs of animals with type 1 pneumonia were coated with IgG, IgA, and complement within 24 hr of infection; these bacteria were not phagocytized. Both type 1 and type 25 pneumococci, when incubatd in concentrates of nonimmune bronchopulmonary washings (BPC), adsorbed IgG, IgA, and C3, but neither type of pneumococci was opsonized. Killing of pneumococci by surface phagocytosis, with or without the use of nonimmune BPC, was not demonstrated. When nonimmune serum was used, opsonization of type 25 pneumococci depended on the presence of heat-labile adsorbable factors, and when immune serum and immune BPC were used, opsonization was dependent on adsorbable factors. Depletion of serum complement with cobra venom factor before infection with type 25 pneumococci resulted in severe bacteremic pneumonia in the rabbit, but immunization before complement depletion allowed animals to clear type 25 pneumococci from the blood and lungs within 24 hr. Thus, opsonization is required for efficient clearance of pneumococci from the lung, and in the nonimmune animal, complement is also required for clearance. PMID- 6997404 TI - Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates. AB - Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation. PMID- 6997405 TI - Serologic diagnosis of acute lymphadenopathic toxoplasmosis. AB - The diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis usually depends on serology, yet little data are available to compare the relative usefulness of various serologic tests after the onset of illness. The Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), the IgM immunofluorescent antibody (IgM-IFA) test, the soluble antigen complement-fixation (CF) test, and the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test were performed on serial serum specimens from 27 previously healthy patients, each of whom could identify the date of onset of illness within two weeks. IgM-IFA titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 were the best indicators of infection acquired in the past two to four months. The DT was useful for screening, but two-tube rises in titer were rarely documented, and absolute titers were imprecise indicators of the recentness of infection. Although two-tube rises in titer in CF and IHA tests could be seen in the majority of patients, the rises were so slow that both tests were less useful than the IgM-IFA test in documenting the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6997406 TI - Direct stimulation of lymphokine production by cephalothin. AB - Cephalothin significantly suppressed in vitro DNA and total protein synthesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigens or mitogens. However, similar concentrations of this antibiotic enhanced streptokinase-streptodornase stimulated production of the lymphokine leukocyte-migration-inhibition factor (LMIF) and directly stimulated production of this lymphokine by otherwise unstimulated lymphocytes from 10 of 12 normal human subjects. Penicillin did not appear to produce these effects. Cephalothin did not interfere directly with neutrophil migration or the interaction of preformed LMIF with neutrophils. Stimulation of LMIF production by cephalothin required viable lymphocytes and was inhibited by puromycin. These results suggest that cephalothin is capable of inducing lymphokine production by human lymphocytes in a manner that appears to be nonspecific in nature. This type of effect could be the basis of some apparently immunologic reactions to this antibiotic. PMID- 6997407 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli carrying plasmids coding for antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production. AB - Nine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that were resistant to antibiotics were tested for their ability to transfer both antibiotic resistance and enterotoxigenicity to E. coli K12. All nine isolates transferred antibiotic resistance in bacterial conjugation experiments, and in seven of these matings enterotoxigenicity was also transferred. To determine whether the genetic information coding for the production of enterotoxin and antibiotic resistance was located on the same plasmid in these strains, phage P1 transduction experiments were performed. P1 lysates prepared from enterotoxigenic antibiotic resistant transconjugants were tested for their ability to transduce both phenotypes. Only P1 lysates prepared from transconjugants of E. coli 719B5 (O18ab:H27) were found to transduce resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline, as well as the ability to produce heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin. The results of these experiments strongly suggest that the genetic data coding for antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production in E. coli 719B5 are carried on the same plasmid replicon. PMID- 6997408 TI - [Transfer of proteins across membranes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997409 TI - [Asparagine-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997410 TI - [Organization of biomembranes as studied by 2H NMR (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997411 TI - [Recent progress in methods for the isolation of chlorophyll (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997412 TI - [Possible role of membrane phosphorylation in growth control of animal cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997413 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of LAI assay for squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck regions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997415 TI - [A case of lactic acidosis with malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma)- problems in treatment and usefulness of hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997416 TI - [A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Candida albicans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997414 TI - [Clinical study on the hypotensive effect of captopril in hypertensive patients its mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997417 TI - [Blood volume, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with essential hypertension who were treated for more than ten years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997419 TI - [Histological observations of the influence of tooth preparation on the epithelial attachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997418 TI - [Determination of tooth movement by a non-contact sensor]. PMID- 6997420 TI - Physician distribution by cities. PMID- 6997421 TI - Enzyme immunoassay: an important laboratory test. PMID- 6997422 TI - Senator John E. Trevey, M.D. PMID- 6997423 TI - Concepts of illness in ancient China: the case of demonological medicine. PMID- 6997424 TI - Macrophage heterogeneity in man. A subpopulation of HLA-DR-bearing macrophages required for antigen-induced T cell activation also contains stimulators for autologous-reactive T cells. AB - Utilizing somatic cell hybridization, we have developed a monoclonal antibody that interacts only with cells of the monocyte/macrophage (M phi) line and not with other myeloid or lymphoid cells. This antibody detects a 120,000-dalton determinant present on 37 +/- 2.8% of the peripheral blood M phi from several (HLA-DR)-disparate individuals and only depicts a subpopulation (approximately 30%) of HLA-DR-bearing M phi from any single subject. Cytolytic removal of this subpopulation of HLA-DR-bearing cells markedly diminished antigen-induced T cell reactivity, a deficiency that can be reconstituted with autologous M phi but not with either their soluble products containing lymphocyte-activating factor or with intact HLA-DR-disparate M phi. Whereas M phi bearing both the 120,000-dalton determinant and HLA-DR serve as effective stimulators for autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. M phi bearing only HLA-DR determinants do not. However, this latter population of M phi can stimulate proliferation among alloreactive T cells. These studies indicate that the Mac-120 monoclonal antibody detects a subpopulation of HLA-DR-bearing M phi that is required for the genetically restricted presentation of conventional antigen to reactive T cells. Within the M phi population, these Mac-120+ cells constitute the most effective stimulators for autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. PMID- 6997426 TI - Future perspectives of automatization in clinical chemistry. AB - In planning the internal organization of central laboratories, the future needs for clinical chemistry in hospitals must be considered. For the next decade the medical laboratory will primarily be concerned with the interpretation of laboratory data and with organizational problems, such as sample identification, specimen splitting and especially the timing of its service. The consequences for instrumentation, newer technology for routine clinical chemistry, and recommendations for the future development of analytical systems are discussed. PMID- 6997425 TI - Macrophages elicited with heat-killed bacillus Calomette-Guerin protect C57BL/6J mice against a syngeneic melanoma. AB - We have demonstrated that a murine cytotoxic peritoneal cell can be elicited by intraperitoneal immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis, strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). When these cells are injected together with cells of clone B(5)59 of B16 melanoma in a Winn-type transfer assay into syngeneic C57BL/6J mice, the tumorigenic potential of the melanoma is completely abrogated. Similarly, mice immunized intraperitoneally with dead BCG are protected against intraperitoneal challenge with a number of B16 melanoma cells sufficient to cause tumors in 100% of control mice. However, mice immunized intraperitoneally with dead BCG are not protected against tumor formation when B16 melanoma cells are injected subcutaneously. Co-injection of BCG-elicited peritoneal cells with B16 melanoma cells into nude or sublethally irradiated (650 rad) mice inhibits tumor formation in > 85% of the mice, indicating that additional participation of host bone marrow- or thymus-derived leukocytes is not required to eradicate the tumor implant. The effector cell in the BCG-induced peritoneal exudate is adherent and phagocytic and is a mononuclear phagocyte. Nonadherent lymphoid cells from the same BCG-induced peritoneal exudate and from thioglycollate-broth-elicited granylocytes and macrophages neither prevent nor delay B16 tumor formation. PMID- 6997427 TI - A second external quality control survey (EQCS) for serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) assays using the "Munich model". PMID- 6997428 TI - Treatment of outpatient urinary tract infections with cinoxacin. AB - This paper describes an open assessment of cinoxacin in the treatment of 30 outpatients with symptomatic urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter. Twenty-seven patients (90 percent) had a satisfactory clinical response and in 26 patients, there was a satisfactory microbiological response with elimination of the pathogen. Mild side effects were reported by three patients, none of whom stopped therapy. It is concluded that cinoxacin will be useful in the treatment of urinary tract disease because of the high urinary antibacterial activity produced. The relatively low incidence of side effects and convenience of twice-daily dosage should encourage good compliance by patients treated outside the hospital setting. PMID- 6997429 TI - Chicken fetal antigen expression on the definitive erythroid maturation series in the bone marrow of the adult chicken. AB - Chicken fetal antigen (CFA) describes a membrane developmental antigen system present on embryonic and fetal erythroid cells that is present during development, but is absent on erythrocytes of mature chickens. In this study, CFA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and correlated with six stages of morphological maturation of erythroid cells. All cells in the erythroid series through the late polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) stage were found to possess CFA. Fluorescent intensity and staining patterns of the definitive erythroid series demonstrated CFA concentration increase and distribution pattern change throughout erythroid maturation. PMID- 6997430 TI - Historical perspectives in family practice. PMID- 6997431 TI - Dementia: a brief review. PMID- 6997432 TI - Ultrastructural changes in Escherichia coli grown in divalent cation-deficient medium. AB - Escherichia coli strains B and K12 could grow in very limiting conditions of divalent cation deficiency. Growth curves showed a long lag period of about 30 h, followed by an exponential phase bringing the bacterial concentration to about 10(7) ml-1, with a 24 min doubling time, while the growth curves of control cultures were characterized by short lag periods, maximum populations of about 10(9) ml-1 and an 18 min doubling time. The DNA/protein ratio in bacteria grown in deficient medium was 0.48 compared with 0.21 for control bacteria. Significant differences were found in the ultrastructure of the two types of bacteria. Freeze etched control cells showed the typical appearance with the protoplasmic fracture face of the cytoplasmic membrane (PFC) having a random distribution of intramembranous particles. Bacteria growing in deficient medium in exponential phase presented several particle-free areas on the PFC. At the beginning of the stationary phase, the particle-free zones became larger and crystalline structures were formed. These structural modifications, which increased with culture age, were never observed in bacteria grown in control medium. Optical diffraction analysis of the crystalline structures in freeze-etched cells revealed regular periodic arrays with a rhomboid repeating unit approximately 7.6 x 5.4 nm in dimension and an angle between the axes of about 73 degrees. Negative staining of isolated membranes of bacteria grown in deficient medium showed a more complex organization of the crystalline arrays, each unit being clearly composed of subunits. PMID- 6997433 TI - Importance of antiserum and phagocytic cells in the protection of mice against infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Rabbit antiserum to Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a powerful protective effect against intramuscular infection in normal mice. No protective effect was observed in mice whose monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells were depleted by X irradiation. The antiserum had approximately the same protective effect in mice whose macrophages were blocked selectively by carrageenan as in normal mice. It is concluded that antiserum exerted its effect by opsonic function and that opsonized K. pneumoniae were eliminated mainly by polymorphonuclear cells rather than macrophages, at least in an early phase of the infection. these findings were supported by histological examination and observation of intracellular killing in vitro. PMID- 6997434 TI - Mode of action of miconazole on Candida albicans: effect on growth, viability and K+ release. AB - Miconazole at 10 micrograms ml-1 inhibited the growth of exponential phase cultures of Candida albicans and released intracellular K+. Higher concentration of miconazole were, however, required to cause cell death: at neutral pH, complete killing occurred at 30 micrograms ml-1, while at pH 3.0 or 4.5, there was only partial killing with miconazole up to 80 micrograms ml-1. Efficient killing of C. albicans by miconazole occurred both at low temperature and when cells were incubated in buffer alone. It is proposed that both the fungistatic and fungicidal actions of miconazole are due to its direct interaction with the cellular membranes of C. albicans rather than to an inhibition of biochemical reactions. Divalent cations protected C. albicans from both the fungistatic and fungicidal effects of miconazole and this was probably due to a competition between the ions and miconazole in its positively charged form for negatively charged binding sites. Candida albicans increased in resistance to miconazole induced K+ release during the stationary phase of a batch culture. Development of this resistance required efficient aeration. PMID- 6997435 TI - The porosity of the cell wall of Candida albicans. AB - Polyethylene glycols of different molecular sizes have been used to study the penetrability of the cell wall of Candida albicans harvested at the end of the growth phase and after prolonged incubation in the stationary phase. No differences were found which could account for the greater resistance of cells from stationary phase cultures of C. albicans to the antimycotic agents amphotericin B methyl ester and miconazole. PMID- 6997436 TI - Primary antimitochondrial activity of the cancer drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in yeast cells. AB - Primary action of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) on the yeast mitochondrial system was demonstrated by (1) selective inhibition of cell growth in non-fermentable medium, (2) blockage of mitochondrial synthesis of cytochromes aa3 and b and (3) ultrastructural aberration. The drug caused extensive deletions in mitochondrial DNA detected by an increase in the frequency of the mitochondrial mutant petite but had little or no effect on cell viability. Growth inhibition by MGBG had any effect on growth inhibition by ethidium bromide. Strains showed no cross-correlation in their tolerance to MGBG and ethidium bromide. PMID- 6997437 TI - Why a co-substrate is required for anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli on citrate. AB - Citrate was fermented by Escherichia coli if a second substrate, such as glucose, lactose or lactate, was available to the organism. The function of the second substrate was to provide reducing power for the formation of succinate from oxaloacetate. Citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase and fumarate reductase were present in cell extracts of E. coli at high activity. Oxaloacetate decarboxylate could not be detected, and it is assumed that this lack is the reason for the inability of E. coli to grow anaerobically with citrate as the only carbon and energy source. PMID- 6997438 TI - Binding of inhibitory metals to yeast enolase. AB - Certain divalent cations can inhibit yeast enolase by binding at sites that are distinct from those metal binding sites normally associated with catalytic activity, i.e., the conformational and catalytic binding sites. By using a buffer that does not compete with metal ions (tetrapropylammonium borate) Zn, Co, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Ni are found to exhibit similar inhibitory characteristics. Inhibition by those metals is alleviated by the addition of imidazole or tris buffer and, for zinc, by a metal chelating agent (Calcein). Inhibition by zinc was examined in detail through binding studies and enzymatic activity measurement. In tetrapropylammonium buffers at pH 8.0, enolase binds up to four moles of zinc per mole of enzyme (two moles per subunit). An imidazole concentration of 0.05 M reduces the binding: in the absence of substrate, just two moles of zine per enzyme are bound. The enzyme will bind two additional moles of zinc upon the addition of substrate in either buffer, but the enzyme in tetrapropylammonium buffer is nearly inactive. Inhibition is, therefore, correlated with the binding of two moles of zinc per mole of enzyme. Some additional metal ions, Ca, Tb, Hg, and Ag also caused inhibition of yeast enolase but not by binding to the inhibitory site described. PMID- 6997439 TI - Scanning electron micrographic study of vascular lesions caused by microvascular needles and suture. AB - The authors studied the damage to blood vessels 1 to 2 mm in diameter caused by the most commonly used types of microvascular needle. Excluding variables introduced by anastomosis, the study focused specifically on lesions attributable only to the needle and suture. Scanning electron microscopy revealed four distinct types of lesion. A theory is proposed to explain the mechanisms whereby these lesions were produced, and a needle design is recommended that may aid in minimizing vascular trauma. PMID- 6997441 TI - Annual directory of consultants to nursing administration. PMID- 6997440 TI - Posture-induced disturbance of pertechnetate flow and I-123 iodohippurate transport in some renal graft recipients with hypertension. AB - Iodohippurate renography and rapid serial scintigrams with pertechnetate were done in 27 allograft recipients in supine and standing positions. Posture dependent iodohippurate transport and/or disturbance of pertechnetate flow pattern was found in nine of those examined. Patients demonstrating these abnormalities were found to be hypertensive. We suggest a causal relationship between posttransplant hypertension and the described posture-induced alterations of tracer transit. PMID- 6997442 TI - Alternative positions for childbirth--part II: second stage of labor. PMID- 6997443 TI - Agnes Shoemaker Reinders: a biographical tribute. PMID- 6997444 TI - Portal insulin and glucagon in rats fed proteins as a meal: immediate variations and circadian modulations. AB - In adult rats, proteins fed as a meal apart from the remainder of the diet induce alterations of protein metabolism characterized by the simultaneous stimulation of protein synthesis and breakdown. These alterations occur in parallel with an acceleration of glycogenolysis. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether these metabolic changes are related to variations in portal insulin and glucagon levels or to insulin-glucagon balance. Portal hormone concentrations, aortic glycemia and aminoacidemia, liver glycogen contents were followed over a day-night cycle in rats adapted either to mixed feeding (10% protein) or to separate feeding (protein meal given 2 hours after the onset of the light phase). Insulin and glucagon were assayed by radioimmunoassay, glucagon with antibody K 964 specific for 3500 MW glucagon. During the 3 hours following the protein meal, the portal ratio of insulin to glucagon decreased; liver glycogenolysis and glucogenic amino acid catabolism were enhanced. This glucagonotropic and glucogenic response to a protein meal administered during daytime is consistent with the increase in protein turnover previously observed. Separate feeding did not alter the overall circadian pattern of portal insulinemia which rose at night but it did alter the overall circadian pattern of portal insulinemia which rose at night but it did alter that of portal glucagonemia by maintaining it at a low level during the nightly prandial period. No correlation could be evidenced between portal insulin concentrations and the aortic levels of any amino acid in either mixed-fed or separately-fed animals. Portal glucagonemia appeared to be weakly correlated with the aortic level of arginine in both experimental groups. In the separately fed group, highly significant correlation could be evidenced between portal insulin concentrations and the aortic levels of any amino acid in either mixed-fed or separately-fed animals. Portal glucagonemia appeared to be weakly correlated with the aortic level of arginine in both experimental groups. In the separately fed group, highly significant correlations were found between portal glucagonemia and aortic concentrations of the three branched and the two aromatic amino acids. PMID- 6997445 TI - Effects of iron on the anti-coli capacity of sow's milk in vitro and in ligated intestinal segments. AB - The effect of iron on the ability of sow's milk to suppress Escherichia coli was examined both in vitro and in ligated intestinal segments of neonatal pigs. Sow's milk from day 7 of lactation was diluted with NaHCO3/KH2PO4 and divided into four treatment groups: (1) diluted milk; (2) diluted milk + ferric citrate; (3) diluted milk heated at 100 degrees for 20 minutes, and (4) treatment 3 + ferric citrate. Treatment groups were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro after inoculation of 10(4) Escherichia coli (strain 263); counts after a 3-hour incubation were: 721, 9,290, 11,400 and 9,680 for treatments 1-4, respectively. The same four treatments were tested in ligated intestinal segments of 9-day-old pigs with or without the addition of 10(4) E. coli. The average total E. coli count (+10(5)) per centimeter of intestine for 16 pigs after 3 hours of incubation were: 11, 50, 84 and 249 for treatments 1-4, respectively, without additional E. coli and 14, 110, 314 and 535 with additional E. coli. The effects of exogenous iron on the in vitro anti-coli capacity of sow's milk were also examined at 3-day intervals throughout the first 21 days of lactation. Iron had a significant detrimental effect on the anti-coli capacity of sow's milk from days 6 to 18 of lactation. Iron did not have an effect on the anti-coli capacity of colostrum, which exhibited bactericidal activity, or on milk from the 21st day of lactation, which allowed good E. coli growth. Results from these studies suggest that iron reduces the capacity of sow's milk to repress E. coli concentrations both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6997446 TI - Some queries relating to endosseous dental implants. PMID- 6997447 TI - The management of patients with severe hypodontia. AB - Severe hypodontia is thought to be caused by hereditary and environmental factors. It has a population incidence of 0.3% in the permanent dentition, being much rarer in the deciduous dentition. The management of patients suffering from this condition is described, including the use of conservative, prosthodontic and orthodontic procedures. PMID- 6997448 TI - The use of cancellous bone for closure of oroantral and oronasal defects. AB - Two patients who were successfully treated with cancellous bone grafts for closure of large oroantral or oronasal defects have been presented. In attempting closure of such large defects, it is important to follow certain principles. The oral, antral, and nasal mucosa must be free of infection and inflammation, continuity must exist between the oroantral and oronasal mucosa, and water-tight closure of the oroantral and oronasal flaps must be achieved. Preoperative and postoperative antibiotics and steroids are recommended. PMID- 6997449 TI - [Clinical observation on malignant oropharynx tumors in Okinawa Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997450 TI - The group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract carrier state: an enigma. PMID- 6997451 TI - Residencies and fellowships. In pediatric subspecialties and general academic pediatric training. PMID- 6997452 TI - Growth of mouse hepatoma following liver resection. AB - Liver regeneration occurs after resection. Hepatic tumors may be subject to the same factors which influence cell mass in regenerating liver. Partial hepatectomy is shown to cause a significant transient augmentation of tumor growth compared to non-operated and nephrectomized controls. Skin grafting studies indicate this phenomenon is probably not immunologically mediated. PMID- 6997453 TI - Fluid resuscitation in live Escherichia coli shock in puppies. AB - The infusion of live E. coli in the puppy produces a severe and usually lethal model of pediatric septic shock with characteristic reduction in cardiac output and blood pressure. Hemodynamic abnormalities are partially reversed with fluid resuscitation alone, and large volumes, supplemented with albumin well within tolerated fluid loads, produce the most pronounced corrections of these derrangements. Certain metabolic changes appear to be unique to the young animal and their correction is less successful regardless of resuscitation regimen. These findings suggest that the initial fluid management of the bacteremic pediatric patient should include Ringer's lactate and 5% albumin at approximately 105% of patient's blood volume. Further resuscitation fluid, as well as the role of steroids and antibiotics, remain work currently being carried out in our laboratory. PMID- 6997454 TI - Combined effects of phenoxybenzamine and propranolol in hypertensive rats. AB - A hypothesis that the beta-adrenergic blocking drugs may possess weak alpha adrenergic blocking activity, and that their antihypertensive effect may be due to this combined alpha - and beta-adrenergic blockade was tested. Phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) and propranolol (PPL) were selected as alpha - and beta blocking drugs, respectively. They were given orally at doses of 1--100 mg/kg per day, 5 days per week. Their combined antihypertensive effects were determined in spontaneously hypertensive; deoxycorticosterone and salt hypertensive; and two kidney, one clip renal hypertensive rats. PBZ treatment showed antihypertensive effect in three models of hypertensive rats. However, addition of PPL either did not affect or rather antagonized the effect of PBZ. Moreover, the combined treatment increased side-effects, typically seen as urinary incontinence. The results did not support the above hypothesis, at least when the blockade was caused with PBZ and PPL. PMID- 6997455 TI - Hypotensive effect of captopril in relation to plasma renin activity in anesthetized rats. AB - the effect of captopril (D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline), a converting enzyme inhibitor, on the systemic blood pressure in pentobarbital anesthetized rats was investigated. Experiments were performed in four groups of rats: untreated, Na-restricted, furosemide treated and bilaterally nephrectomized, respectively. Intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg of captopril caused a significant hypotensive effect in the three groups of rats but not in the nephrectomized group. Individual values for the hypotensive effect produced by captopril and plasma renin activity obtained just before injection of captopril showed a highly significant correlation. PMID- 6997458 TI - Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in rat soleus muscle and its modification by membrane stabilizers and insulin. AB - The non-metabolizable amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) has been used to study the effects of insulin and a number of membrane stabilizers on amino acid transport in rat soleus muscle in an attempt to characterize the mechanisms present. 2. Insulin (5--100 millimicron./ml) increases the net uptake of AIB two- to threefold. Since insulin is without significant effects on AIB efflux, stimulation of net uptake appears to result directly from an increased AIB influx. 3. All classes of membrane stabilizer tested affected AIB fluxes but the responses observed varied for different classes of compounds. 4. The total anaesthetic, tetracaine, reduced AIB accumulation both in the absence and presence of insulin by a similar proportion. The effects on AIB efflux were dependent on the concentration of tetracaine used. Efflux was suppressed by concentrations up to 1 mM whereas 4 mM-tetracaine caused a massive stimulation of AIB efflux. Other local anaesthetics and barbiturates produced similar effects. 5. Another group of membrane stabilizers, exemplified by chlorpromazine, also suppressed AIB uptake, but at no concentration did they reduce AIB efflux. In fact, efflux of AIB began to be increased at concentrations of chlorpromazine which were giving only a modest inhibition of uptake. 6. Measurement of the initial rate of uptake showed that it involved two components. Tetracaine appears to inhibit the saturable component whilst leaving the non-saturable component relatively unaffected. 7. The active uptake of AIB was shown to be Na+-dependent, and under Na+-free conditions tetracaine had no effect on the initial rate of uptake. The non-saturable component was also shown to be Na+-sensitive, uptake from high extracellular concentrations of AIB being reduced in Na+-free media. 8. The possibility of the presence of a carrier-mediated AIB efflux mechanism was investigated. AIB efflux was stimulated by extracellular AIB (homo-exchange) or glycine (hetero-exchange), but not mannitol. This suggests the involvement of a carrier-mediated process in AIB efflux. 9. The present study has demonstrated a heterogeneity among different classes of membrane stabilizers in their actions on AIB efflux which is in marked contrast to previous observations of sugar and cation transport in this preparation. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 6997456 TI - Post-exercise ketosis. AB - 1. The effect of exercise on blood ketone body concentrations was studied in trained athletes and in sedentary subjects pedalling a bicycle ergometer. 2. Although the untrained subjects had higher heart rates and blood lactate concentrations at the same work load as the athletes, neither group developed ketonaemia even after intense or prolonged exercise. 3. Older subjects developed post-exercise ketonaemia, reaching maximum about 3 hr after exercise. 4. A high carbohydrate diet before the exercise could prevent the onset of post-exercise ketonaemia and a low-carbohydrate diet enhanced it. The highest post-exercise blood ketone levels were recorded in marathon runners after a "glycogen stripping' regimen. 5. Concentrations of free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone and insulin in blood after exercise followed different patterns from that of ketones. 6. Post-exercise ketosis, when it occurs in untrained subjects, may be due to a lower carbohydrate intake than that of athletes. PMID- 6997459 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of gonadoliberin in the gonadotropic cells of rat. Study by immunocytochemistry after cryo-ultramicrotomy (author's transl)]. AB - By using ultrastructural immunocytochemistry after cryoultramicrotomy, gonadoliberin (GnRH) was localized in the gonadotropic cells of the female rat anterior pituitary gland. The immunocytological (IC) reaction was observed: (1) in the dense matrix of the secretory granules; (2) in the cytoplasmic matrix; (3) in the nucleus, in euchromatin, in the neighbourhood of heterochromatin. GnRH was seldom observed on the plasmic membrane. The values of the maximal dilution of the antibody (MDA) still giving an IC reaction decreased in the cytoplasmic matrix, in the nucleus and in the secretory granules. These observations, when compared with the data reported by biochemists, suggest that GnRH might be internalized in the gonadotropic cells. However, it remains to be shown that GnRH detected by IC reaction is specifically bound at binding sites. PMID- 6997457 TI - Regulation of calcium fluxes in rat pancreatic islets: dissimilar effects of glucose and of sodium ion accumulation. AB - 1. Removal of extracellular K+ provoked a dramatic increase in 43Ca efflux from pancreatic islets prelabelled in the presence of glucose. Such an increase in 45Ca efflux was preceded by a modest and transient reduction in 45Ca efflux. The increase in 45Ca efflux was reduced when the islets were perifused either in the presence of glucose 16 . 7 mM or in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. It was abolished when the islets were perifused in the absence of extracellular Na+. 2. When the islets had been prelabelled in the absence as distinct from presence of glucose, the increase in 45Ca efflux observed on removal of extracellular K+ was of smaller amplitude. It was completely abolished when, in addition, Ca2+ was replaced by Co2+ in the perifusate. 3. Veratridine also provoked a dramatic increase in 45Ca efflux. This increase was slightly reduced when the perifusate contained glucose 5 . 6 mM and markedly reduced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. 4. Both the removal of extracellular K+ or addition of veratridine had little or no effect on insulin release in the absence of glucose. A significant increase in insulin release was observed, however, in the presence of glucose. The increase in insulin release, due to removal of extracellular K+, was completely abolished at low extracellular Na+ concentration. Such as ionic manipulation failed to affect veratridine-induced insulin release. Tetrodotoxin failed to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin release. 5. It is concluded that Na+ accumulation in islet cells due to either veratridine or removal of extracellular K+ provokes the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores but fails to reproduce the effect of glucose to reduce 45Ca efflux and to stimulate insulin release. PMID- 6997461 TI - [The thymus, an endocrine organ]. PMID- 6997460 TI - [Vladislas Kruta (1908-1979)]. PMID- 6997463 TI - Tooth movement and dimensional change of denture base materials using two investment methods. AB - This in vitro investigation evaluated methods of investing a maxillary denture (1) by using a silicone rubber and gypsum base covering all the artificial teeth and (2) by following the generally accepted procedure of investing in a total gypsum environment. The amount of vertical opening found in dentures processed with silicone investment was approximately the same as for those processed with the all-gypsum technique, the horizontal movement of the teeth was more lingual in the silicone investment technique. Comparing the weight of the residual impression between the denture base of acrylic resin and the master die showed no significant difference between the silicone investments and the gypsum technique. The relined denture base provided a more accurate fit than a heat-cured denture processed in both types of investment, silicone and all-gypsum. Finally, a special device was developed that permitted tooth movement in processed dentures to be measured simply and accurately. PMID- 6997464 TI - Effect of a denture adhesive on complete denture dislodgement during mastication. AB - A method of evaluating the denture stabilizing effects of a denture adhesive by means of counting denture dislodgements during the eating of a standardized portion of a test food is described. A reduction in the number of such dislodgements after application of a denture adhesive, as compared to eating the same food without adhesive applied to the denture, was used as a measure of adhesive effectiveness. Subject responses to a number of denture-performance satisfaction parameters were also obtained. With a test adhesive, significant reductions in dislodgement were found using steak, taffy-apple, a hard-roll sandwich, and celery as test foods among 16 subjects with dentures that fit well. Analysis of subjective evaluations indicated that the test adhesive was perceived as having effected: (1) improved chewing ability, (2) reduced denture wobble, (3) improved confidence, (4) increased comfort, and (5) reduced amount of food particles collecting under the denture, all to a significant degree (p < .01). It is suggested that additional data from controlled clinical studies are needed to allow proper assessment of the usefulness and possible abuse effects of denture adhesive products. This method, and the resulting data, are offered as a stimulus to the end. PMID- 6997462 TI - [Neuroendocrine control of the plasma volume]. PMID- 6997466 TI - Anterior teeth: esthetics and function. PMID- 6997465 TI - Reconstruction considerations for severe dental attrition. AB - Alternative approaches toward the resolution of difficulties associated with severe attrition are offered. A clinical approach is advocated which first proves the acceptance of an increase in the occlusal vertical dimension before initiating definitive treatment. The various aspects of removable treatment are considered. A sequential approach is suggested in fixed reconstruction which avoids inaccuracies of multiabutment registration and orientation associated with complete arch preparation. PMID- 6997467 TI - Articulation of posterior quadrant impressions for cast restorations. AB - The described procedure provides the dentist with a simple articulation method to reduce chair time and consumption of materials while maintaining accuracy and reliability. This uncomplicated technique should be used only when occlusal equilibration is not necessary, when there are vertical stops after tooth preparation, and when the tooth to be prepared is not involved in lateral excursions. PMID- 6997468 TI - The retentive and stress-distributing properties of a threaded endodontic dowel. AB - When the Radix Anchor apex was allowed to engage the bottom of the prepared channel, very high apical stresses were generated within the supporting structure. When the coronal flanges engaged the occlusal portion of the model, high lateral stresses occurred in the coronal portion of the channel. These stress concentrations can be avoided by installing the dowel so that only the retentive threads engage dentin. This may be accomplished by "backing off" one half turn when slight resistance to dowel threading is encountered. The Radix endodontic dowel system was more retentive than cemented dowels and less retentive than another dowel which threads into the dentin of the channel wall. The Radix Anchor was more retentive when both diameter and length of imbedment were increased simultaneously. PMID- 6997469 TI - Shear bond strength of porcelain-fused-to-alloys of varying noble metal contents. AB - The conclusions drawn from the present investigation are as follows: 1. The modification of waxing the metal rods prior to investing the baked porcelain disk in the dental stone eliminated the undesirable bond between the dental stone and the metal rod. The shear bond strengths obtained were believed to be true shear bond strengths. 2. Ceramo-metal restorations should be cooled at a slow rate, so that the alloy and the porcelain have approximately the same cooling rate. 3. Shear bond strengths developed in porcelain-metal composites were in descending order for Biobond, Vita, and Ceramco porcelain. 4. Push-test shear bond strengths were always higher than pull-test shear bond strengths. Both push- and pull-tests seemed to be equally valid for evaluating bond strengths in porcelain-metal composites. 5. The porcelain-metal composite of the silver-free gold alloy showed higher shear bond strengths for all porcelains. PMID- 6997470 TI - Tensile bond strength of dental glazes. AB - Adaptic Glaze and Finite exhibited higher tensile bonds strengths than Concise Enamel Bond and Nuva-Seal. This is probably due to inherent higher viscosity and strength properties of Adaptic Glaze and Finite rather than to differences in adhesive qualities of the various resins. Consequently, the observed occasional early clinical loss of glazes should not be attributed to poor tensile bond strength. PMID- 6997471 TI - Marginal leakage of compacted gold, composite resin, and high-copper amalgam restorations. AB - Amalgam and compacted gold were found to have the least marginal leakage in Class V cavities. Composite resin with acid etching performed at an acceptable level. Without acid etching the marginal seal was unsatisfactory. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. High-copper amalgam and compacted gold are the materials of choice for Class V restorations when esthetics are not of primary concern. 2. If composite resins are to be used, they should be placed with an acid-etch technique. PMID- 6997472 TI - An evaluation of the marginal leakage of spherical high-copper amalgam. AB - Three high-copper spherical amalgam alloys and one conventional spherical alloy were compared for microleakage by placing restorations in 60 human premolars. The evaluations were made at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after condensation. Almost all the experimental alloys leaked to some degree. When they were evaluated for gross leakage (Class 4) or moderate leakage (Classes 0, 1, 2, and 3), Tytin and Cupralloy leaked significantly less than the control material. This study indicates that the lack of a gamma-2 corrosion does not increase the microleakage of amalgam restorations when these products are used. PMID- 6997473 TI - Position paper of the American Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders. Craniomandibular (TMJ) disorders--the state of the art. PMID- 6997474 TI - History and etiology of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 6997475 TI - Transfer records for transmitting casts to the laboratory. AB - Accurate cast relationships are necessary to send a cast to the laboratory when transfer records are used. The technique described eliminates errors which might develop when unstable materials are used for record making and cast relating. The disadvantage is increased laboratory time. Approximately 45 minutes are required to fabricate each record. PMID- 6997476 TI - A new tripoding technique. AB - A newly developed tripoding technique using an MS Level has been described. For the technician, this technique allows a relatively fast, easy, and exact reproduction of the original path of insertion as designated by the dentist. PMID- 6997477 TI - [Papillary and adenomatous polyps of the gallbladder. Clinical, radiological, and anatomical study, and report on 6 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Papillary and adenomatous polyps of the gallbladder are frequently confused with cholesterol pseudotumors. They are rare tumors and are usually diagnosed only after histological examination of a specimen removed at operation. Their course is uncertain and they are potentially malignant lesions, as shown by one of these cases. The frequent association with lithiasis, which in fact can induce malignant changes, is a point in favour of the need for surgical therapy. PMID- 6997478 TI - [Renal malacoplakia. A report of a case and discussion]. AB - A woman of 40 years of age without any past history of urinary affections was discovered to have malacoplakia of one kidney, demonstrated by a mass in the right flank, fever, and a coliform urinary infection. No secretion from the affected side was observed on intravenous urography. Renal arteriography showed an inflammatory mass affecting mainly the lower half of the kidney. Histological examination of a nephrectomy specimen led to a diagnosis of a malacoplakia. The authors review the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of renal malacoplakia, which is an inflammatory condition of the renal parenchyma very similar to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The pathogenesis is completely unknown, but the lesion probably arises from a disorder of macrophage function, and renal malacoplakia should be a differential diagnosis of inflammatory renal masses. PMID- 6997479 TI - [Aneurysms of the azygos vein]. AB - A case of aneurysm of the arch of the greater azygos vein is reported. This extremely rare congenital anomaly appears as a large rounded opacity in the anterosuperior mediastinum. Though diagnosis may be suspected by the variations in size according to the period of observation and the position of the patient, if can only be confirmed by angiography, to eliminate an aneurysm of the superior vena cava or one of azygos vein from obstruction of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 6997480 TI - Fluoridation: a review of social research. PMID- 6997481 TI - John William Knutson, 1907-1980. PMID- 6997482 TI - Prescribing for the elderly in general practice. A review of current literature. PMID- 6997483 TI - The union doctor. AB - The appointment, terms of service, and work of the Poor Law medical officer, the union doctor, is described to illustrate one of the roles of the mid-nineteenth century general practitioner. It was this role which laid the foundation of modern general practice. PMID- 6997484 TI - Histologic reactions to polyglactin-910, polyethylene and nylon microsuture. AB - Three froms of 10-0 microsuture-monofilament polyglactin-910, polyethylene and nylon-were tested for histologic reaction. Polyglactin had the least long-lived reaction. PMID- 6997485 TI - Correlation of staphylococci-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity and nonspecific resistance during their development, long-term duration and adoptive transfer. PMID- 6997486 TI - Inducible proteinase of Candida albicans in diagnostic serology and in the pathogenesis of systemic candidosis. AB - The extracellular acid proteinase of Candida albicans was purified from culture filtrates by a single-column chromatographic step. The purity of the enzyme and its unique antigenic properties were confirmed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and by reaction with homologous and heterologous anti-sera. The purified enzyme (PP), which was a carboxyl proteinase, contained mannan as an integral part of the molecule. C. albicans proteinase was detected in experimental candida kidney lesions by indirect immunoflourescence. Precipitating antibodies to PP and to cytoplasmic extract (CE) were detected in sera from rabbits with chronic, experimental, systemic candidosis; however precipitins to PP were not found in sera from infected rabbits in which tissue invasion was prevented by antifungal treatment. In retrospective tests with sera from healthy subjects and from patients with and without proven systemic candidosis a qualitative distinction between true and false-positive precipitins to PP was not found; however, whereas 72% of sera from proven cases of deep-seated candida infection had anti-PP titres greater than 4 and greater than or equal to anti-CE titres, these same quantitative criteria were met by only 15% of sera from patients for whom information of a diagnosis of candidosis was not available. The purified proteinase was therefore a more specific antigen than the widely used cytoplasmic extract for detection of antibodies in cases of candidosis. PMID- 6997487 TI - Discrimination of urinary strains of Escherichia coli by five typing methods. AB - A series of 156 cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from sequential urines from 20 patients with urinary-tract infection was examined by biotyping, resistotyping, haemagglutinin typing, O serotyping and antibiogram typing. From 10 of the patients, we repeatedly isolated cultures of a single strain; from each of the other 10 patients, different strains were discriminated. All cultures were typable by biotyping and resistotyping, and those techniques should prove practicable for laboratories not able to perform complete serological analysis. Only a minority (43.6%) of the cultures was typed with a limited range of 24 commercial O sera. Maximum discrimination of strains was achieved by the combined use of several of these techniques. PMID- 6997488 TI - Colony incompatibility among strains of Escherichia coli isolated during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in one ward. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli, isolated during an outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis in one ward were serotyped and tested for incompatibility against each other on semisolid agar. Serotypes commonly isolated in various parts of the world from various habitats showed a greater incompatibility than more rarely isolated serotypes, suggesting that the former may have a selective advantage and be more able to displace other serotypes in a given habitat. PMID- 6997490 TI - Methodological basis for an autoradiographic demonstration of insulin receptor sites on the surface of whole cells: a study using light- and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6997489 TI - The use of isolated membrane vesicles to study epithelial transport processes. AB - Epithelia are multicompartment and multicomponent systems performing transcellular and paracellular transport in a very complex manner. One way to get a deeper understanding of the function of such a complex system is to dissect it into the single components and then, after having defined the components under well-controlled conditions, to try to describe the behavior of the whole system on the basis of the properties of the single components. This article deals with the analysis of isolated plasma membranes derived from the luminal and contraluminal face of epithelial cells, predominantly renal proximal tubular and small intestinal cells. It is aimed to give an overview of methods used to isolate and separate plasma membranes, to study their transport properties as membrane vesicles, and also to address the question of how information gained with the isolated membranes corresponds to observations made in the intact cell using other, notably electrophysiological, measurements. The review also critically evaluates the limitations of the approach and thereby tries to set the work on isolated membranes in the proper perspective within the field of transport physiology. PMID- 6997491 TI - Crystallographic studies on the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNAAsp system from yeast. The crystalline aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 6997492 TI - On the question of co-operative interaction of myosin heads with F-actin in the presence of ATP. PMID- 6997493 TI - Analysis of gene control signals by DNA fusion and cloning in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6997494 TI - Bacteriophage T4 gene transcription studied by hybridization to cloned restriction fragments. PMID- 6997495 TI - A new gene of bacteriophage P22 which regulates synthesis of antirepressor. PMID- 6997496 TI - Organization of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6997497 TI - A genetic analysis of F sex factor cistrons needed for surface exclusion in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6997498 TI - Sequential folding of transfer RNA. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of successively longer tRNA fragments with a common 5' end. PMID- 6997499 TI - The function of tail fibers in triggering baseplate expansion of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 6997500 TI - Dual specificity of su+ 7 tRNA. Evidence for translational discrimination. PMID- 6997501 TI - Escherichia coli mutants deficient in 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase. PMID- 6997502 TI - Electron microscopy of thin filaments decorated with a Ca2+-regulated myosin. PMID- 6997503 TI - Effects of work and acidosis on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in perfused rat hearts. PMID- 6997504 TI - Increasing dermal perfusion after burning by decreasing thromboxane production. AB - Decreasing progressive dermal ischemia after burning could theoretically limit the amount of skin necrosis to the zone of coagulation. Methylprednisolone, aspirin, indomethacin, imidazole, dipyridamole, and methimazole have been shown to prevent dermal ischemia, suggesting that prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes may play a role in its pathogenesis. Specific antiprostaglandin antibodies (anti PgE2, PgF2 alpha, PgI2, and TxA2) were reacted with tissue biopsies of burned guinea pig skin at various time intervals postburn. An immunoperoxidase technique with goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin and horseradish peroxidase demonstrated the presence of the specific arachidonic acid metabolites. The burned tissue showed high levels of PgE2 and TxA2. The effects of three thromboxane inhibitors, imidazole, methimazole, and dipyridamole, on dermal ischemia were studied. Xenon133 washout studies were performed in burned and unburned areas. Tissue half life of Xenon was prolonged in burned, untreated areas but this rapidly decreased in antithromboxane-treated burns. Repeated antiprostaglandin and antithromboxane antibody-immunoperoxidase studies on tissue from the thromboxane inhibitor treated animals showed that PgE2, PgF2 alpha, and PgI2 were at the same levels as in untreated animals, but thromboxane (TxA2) was essentially absent, suggesting that thromboxane may be responsible for the progressive dermal ischemia after burning and that decreasing its production can increase dermal perfusion. PMID- 6997505 TI - Apparent Glucantime failure in five patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - The case histories of five patients initially resistant to Glucantime therapy are presented. In addition comments are made on each patient since they demonstrated unusual clinical features. The practical difficulties in assessing true resistance to Glucantime are briefly discussed. PMID- 6997506 TI - Cubic crystals in the endocrine pancreatic A-cells of a teleost, Fugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel, Tetraodontidae). PMID- 6997507 TI - Cytoplasmic inclusions induced by wheat streak mosaic virus. PMID- 6997508 TI - Characterization of the defects in bacteriophage T7 DNA synthesis during growth in the Escherichia coli mutant tsnB. AB - The Escherichia coli mutant tsnB (M. Chamberlin, J. Virol. 14:509-516, 1974) is unable to support the growth of bacteriophage T7, although all classes of phage proteins are produced and the host is killed by the infection. During growth in this mutant host, the rate of phage DNA synthesis is reduced and the DNA is not packaged into stable, phagelike particles. The replicating DNA forms concatemers but the very large replicative intermediates (approximately 440S) identified by Paetkau et al. (J. Virol. 22:130-141, 1977) are not detected in T7+-infected tsnB cells. These large structures are formed in tsnB cells infected with a T7 gene 3 (endonuclease) mutant, where normal processing of the large intermediates into shorter concatemers is blocked. At later times during infection of tsnB cells, the replicating DNA accumulates in molecules about 30% shorter than unit length. Analysis of this DNA with a restriction endonuclease indicates that it is missing sequences from the ends (particularly the left end) of the genome. The loss of these specific sequences does not occur during infections with T7 gene 10 (head protein) or gene 19 (maturation protein) mutants. This suggests that the processing of concatemers into unit-length DNA molecules may occur normally in T7 -infected tsnB cells and that the shortened DNA arises from exonucleolytic degradation of the mature DNA molecules. These results are discussed in relation to our recent observation (M. A. DeWyngaert and D. C. Hinkle, J. Biol. Chem. 254:11247-11253, 1979) that E. coli tsnB produces an altered RNA polymerase which is resistance to inhibition by the T7 gene 2 protein. PMID- 6997509 TI - Head maturation pathway of bacteriophages T4 and T2. V. Maturable epsilon particle accumulating an acridine-treated bacteriophage T4-infected cells. AB - A maturable head-related particle of bacteriophage T4 has been identified and characterized. This epsilon-particle has the same size as the prehead, but its shell is made of the cleaved product of gene 23 (gp23*). It contains internal matter, most likely the processed core proteins, which is lost or modified by experimental manipulations. It accumulates, together with partially filled ("grizzled") heads, in T4 infected cells that are treated with 9-aminoacridine. On sections of "well-preserved" cells the epsilon-particles are not identifiable with certainty; a more or less empty breakdown product of them becomes visible when cytoplasmic leakage is induced. The number of particles per cell is then in agreement with the biochemically and with the number of particles counted in lysates. Morphologically and biochemically, the isolated epsilon-particles closely resemble the empty small particles of 17- -infected cells described in previous papers of this series. Both are composed of gp23* and are still unexpanded, so that they are not yet able to bind the minor head proteins soc and hoc. We discuss the possibility of the epsilon-particle being an intermediate on the normal T4 wild-type head maturation pathway. PMID- 6997510 TI - In vitro translation of the three bacteriophage phi 6 RNAs. AB - In vitro translation of the three single-stranded RNAs transcribed in vitro by bacteriophage phi 6 RNA polymerase revealed that the large RNA codes for phage proteins P1, P2, P4, and P7, the medium RNA codes for P3, P6, and P10, and the smaller RNA for P5, P8, and P9. PMID- 6997512 TI - Pulomary nodules in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 6997511 TI - Sequence relationship of glycosylated and unglycosylated gag polyproteins of Moloney murine leukemia virus. AB - Both glycosylated and unglycosylated polyproteins coded by the gag gene are produced in cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus. GpP80gag is a glycosylated precursor of a larger gag glycoprotein exported to the cell surface, whereas Pr65gag is an unglycosylated precursor of the virion internal structural proteins. GpP80gag contains not only carbohydrate, but also additional polypeptide sequences not found in Pr65gag. In the experiment reported here, we localized the differences between GpP80gag and Pr65gag with respect to the domains of the individual gag proteins. This was done by comparison of partial proteolytic cleavage fragments from Pr65gag, from GpP80gag, and from the unglycosylated form of GpP80gag (P75gag) which had been immunoprecipitated by antisera specific for gag proteins p30, p15, and p10. We conclude that the additional polypeptide sequences in GpP80gag are located at or very near the amino terminus of the polyprotein. The carbohydrate in GpP80gag is attached to polypeptide sequences held in common between GpP80gag and Pr65gag. PMID- 6997514 TI - An epizootic of avian botulism in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern Florida. AB - Type C botulism was determined to be the cause of an epizootic among waterfowl and shorebirds in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern Florida during May and June of 1979. Several hundred birds, the most common of which were American coots (Fulica americana), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), common gallinules (Gallinula chloropus), and northern shovelers (Anas clypeata), were afflicted over about a three-week period. A second smaller outbreak occurred in the same pond in early December of 1979. This is apparently the first time that botulism has been reported in waterbirds of Florida. PMID- 6997513 TI - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer. AB - Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in a randomized prospective study to compare standard surgical therapy for superficial bladder cancer to standard therapy plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Side effects of BCG have been tolerated well and include dysuria in 95 per cent of the patients, urinary frequency in 83 per cent, hematuria in 39 per cent, fever in 22 per cent and nausea in 22 per cent. Of 19 control patients 8 (42 per cent) had recurrent tumors in the followup period, compared to 3 of 18 patients (17 per cent) treated with BCG. One patient treated wih BCG had 2 recurrences, yielding a recurrence rate of 22 per cent in the group receiving BCG compared to 42 per cent in controls. When the incidence of recurrent tumors in matched intervals before and after entry into the protocol is compared, no change in the rate of tumor recurrence (p equals 0.726 chi-square) occurred in controls, whereas tumor recurrences were reduced significantly in the group treated with BCG (p equals 0.010 chi-square). The reduction in tumor recurrence in patients treated with BCG compared to controls is statistically significant (p equals 0.029 chi-square). Of 4 patients who presented with new bladder tumors remain free of tumor after BCG therapy, while 2 of 5 comparable control patients developed recurrent tumors. Intravesical and percutaneous BCG immunotherapy appears to decrease the rate of tumor recurrence in patients followed for 1 year. PMID- 6997515 TI - Alexis Carrel, the man unknown. Journey of an idea. PMID- 6997517 TI - Good 'control' of diabetes yields more favorable lipid profile. PMID- 6997516 TI - Metronidazole for vaginal trichomoniasis. Seven-day vs single-dose regimens. AB - This randomized, double-blind evaluation of metronidazole therapy for trichomonal vaginitis compared the efficacy and side effects of a single 2-g dose and the standard seven-day regimen (250 mg three thimes daily). Eighty (86%) of the 93 women examined seven to 21 days after therapy with the 2-g regimen, and 76 (91.6%) of 83 examined after the seven-day regimen, were cured. These cure rates were not significantly different. In addition, symptom duration and the occurrence of side effects and yeast infection were not significantly different for the two treatment groups. Because the efficacy and side effects of the two regimens are comparable and the 2-g dose is easier to administer and less expensive, we recommend the 2-g dose as standard treatment for trichomoniasis. PMID- 6997518 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6997519 TI - False-negative cryptococcal antigen test. PMID- 6997520 TI - Storing serum for retrospective diagnosis. PMID- 6997521 TI - Sir James Clark. PMID- 6997523 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Behcet's syndrome. AB - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis developed in a patient with Behcet's syndrome while he was being treated with transfer factor. The therapy did not prevent development of this disease and thus cannot be recommended in patients who have Behcet's syndrome with renal involvement. PMID- 6997522 TI - Serum lipoprotein levels during chlorthalidone therapy. A Veterans Administration National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cooperative study on antihypertensive therapy: mild hypertension. AB - In a joint Veterans Administration-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute study of mild hypertension, 1,012 men and women, 21 to 50 years of age and with diastolic pressure from 85 to 105 mm Hg, were randomized into two double-blind treatment groups. Subjects in the active group received chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus reserpine, while the other subjects received matching placebo tablets. After one year of treatment, the chlorthalidone group had increases of 10.0 +/- 1.8 (SE) mg/dL in total cholesterol level, 9.8 +/- 5.2 mg/dL in triglyceride level, and 12.6 +/- 3.4 mg/dL in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level above the changes in the placebo group. There was no difference in high density lipoprotein changes between the two groups (0.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dL). The possible net effect on risk of increasing lipid values while lowering pressure in the long-term treatment of mild hypertension with thiazides or related diuretics must be further evaluated. PMID- 6997524 TI - Services available to persons with cancer. National and regional organizations. AB - To help the physician help cancer patients with psychological, social, and economic problems related to their having cancer, a chart indicates the major national and regional organizations with services targeted for persons with cancer, their families, and friends. Regional toll-free telephone numbers of the Cancer Information Service provide access to information about cancer-related resources. PMID- 6997526 TI - Effectiveness of insulin-glucose in preventing adrenaline-induced myocardial and systemic disturbances in the dog. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin-glucose (IG) is able to prevent detrimental systemic and myocardial changes induced in healthy dog by adrenaline (AD) infused at a rate which mimics spontaneous secretion after coronary occlusion. Insulin (0.3 u/kg) and glucose (10% ml/kg) mixture was infused intravenously concurrently with AD (1.2 microgram/kg/min) for 4 h and blood values of FFA, triiodothyronine (T3) immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucose measured initially, after 2 and 4 h of infusion were compared with the values found in dogs infused with AD alone and with saline. IG suppressed a rise in FFA, attenuated a fall in T3, reversed AD-induced histoenzymatic changes in SDH and ATPase activity and completely prevented the development of mitochondrial alterations shown by electron microscopic study. These data provide evidence for usefulness of IG in preventing the consequences of catecholamine excess in acute stage of MI. PMID- 6997525 TI - A simplified screening test for differentiating primary aldosteronism from essential hypertension with low plasma renin activity. AB - A simplified screening test for differentiating primary aldosteronism (PA) from low renin essential hypertension (LREH) is presented. Nine patients with LREH and 5 patients with PA due to adrenal adenoma were studied. In the patients with LREH, the levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) before and after treatment with furosemide (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) and a 2-hour ambulation under treatment with dexamethasone (1.0 mg) (dexamethasone + furosemide test) increased briskly, compared to the levels of PRA before and after treatment with furosemide (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) and a 2-hour ambulation (furosemide test). In patients with PA, there was no significant difference between the mean levels before the furosemide test and before the dexamethasone + furosemide test, or between the mean levels after the furosemide test and after the dexamethasone + furosemide test. These results suggest that the suppression of PRA in patients with LREH may be related to a factor controlled by dexamethasone. It is concluded that the dexamethasone + furosemide test is useful for differentiating PA due to adenoma from LREH. PMID- 6997527 TI - [Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with Bennett MA-1 Ventilator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997528 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefamandole on urinary tract and genital organ infections (author's transl)]. AB - Ten patients suffering from genital organ infections, urinary tract infections and symptomless bacteriuria were treated with cefamandole (CMD). CMD was administered intravenously and drip infusion at a dosage of 4.0 g/day for 4 approximately 10 days. Clinical results obtained were as follows: Of 6 patients with genital organ infections, excellent responses were seen in 2 patients, good responses in 4 patients. Of 3 patients with urinary tract infections, excellent responses were seen in 2 patients, and good response in 1 patient. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. In the cases of urinary tract infections and symptomless bacteriuria, 3 strains of E. coli and 1 strain of Streptococcus faecalis disappeared. On the other hand, in genital organ infections, we had no bacterial findings. No significant reaction was observed in clinical laboratory findings of hemogram or in test on renal and hepatic functions, except slight transient leukopenia observed in 1 patient. PMID- 6997529 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics, CXC]. PMID- 6997530 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefamandole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. AB - 1) Tissue concentrations of cefamandole (CMD) one hour after the end of 2 g/30 approximately 60 minutes drip infusion were 7.3 approximately 13.1 microgram/g in uterus, ovary and oviduct. These concentrations were higher than MICs of 70 approximately 100% of causative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, isolated from the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 2) CMD was administered to 14 patients with moderate infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology at a daily dose of 4 g for 5 approximately 7 days. The overall clinical efficacy obtained was as follows; excellent in 7 cases (50%), good in 3 cases (21%) and poor in 4 cases (29%). 3) Antimicrobial activity of CMD against causative organisms resembled that of CEZ. 4) No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above, we considered that CMD was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6997531 TI - [Clinical experience with cefamandole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. AB - Cefamandole, a new antibiotic with various characteristics was applied clinically in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and following results were obtained. Cefamandole was administered to 8 cases with cystitis, 2 cases with pelvic infection. The organisms isolated were 5 cases of Escherichia coli, 4 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis and one case of Klebsiella. Bacteria disappeared in all cases after 5-day treatment with cefamandole. No side effects of the drug were noticed throughout all cases. From the above mentioned clinical experience, cefamandole is considered to be a useful drug for clinical application. PMID- 6997532 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefamandole in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. AB - Five patients with suppurative tonsillitis (1), urinary tract infection (1), staphylococcal impetigo (1), cervical lymphadenitis (1) and mycoplasma pneumonia were treated with cefamandole (CMD). CMD was administered by one shot intravenous or drip infusion at a dosage of 100 approximately 135 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 14 days. Of 5 patients with those infections, excellent response was obtained in 3 patients, good response in 1 patient and unknown response in 1 patient. The overall efficacy rate was 100% except unknown response in mycoplasma pneumonia. In 3 of these 5 cases causative organisms were S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. These organisms were all eliminated. No side effects were observed. PMID- 6997533 TI - [Clinical experience with BL-S 578 (cefadroxil) in urological field (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997534 TI - [Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXIV]. PMID- 6997535 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefatrizine for urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997536 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of sustained release cephalexin (L-Keflex) in the field of oral surgery (author's transl)]. AB - L-Keflex is a newly manufactured cephalexin product in order to maintain effective blood level of the drug for a long period of time. The results of the fundamental and clinical studies are as follows: 1. Mean blood levels of the drug after its single oral dose of 1 g in fasting in 22 cases before operations were: 7.19 mcg/ml at 2 hours (peak), 4.35 mcg/ml at 4 hours, 4.21 mcg/ml at 6 hours, 2.47 mcg/ml at 8 hours and 1.81 mcg/ml at 12 hours, respectively. Existence of the drug in blood was observed for a long period of time. 2. The distribution into the tissues of L-Keflex was generally good. The tissue levels in 19 of 22 samples ranged from 1.30 to 18.0 mcg/g, but 3 samples did not detect the drug in the tissues. Tissue level/blood level ratios were 0.19 approximately 2.67. 3. Half of 30 cases with mild dental infections was treated with a daily dose of 1 g with clinical response of 60.0%, and the other half with 2 g was 78.6% in clinical response. The overall efficacy rate was 69.0%. 4. As a side effect of the drug, only one of 52 cases (fundamental 22 cases, clinical 30 cases) complained of edema on both eyelids. No. abnormality was observed in blood finding, hepatic and/or renal function. From the above results, it is considered that L-Keflex is an effective antibiotic product in infections in the field of oral surgery. Also, L-Keflex has an advantage in that its administration frequence (b.i.d) is less than that of regular cephalexin (q.i.d.). PMID- 6997537 TI - [Basic and clinical studies on KW-1062 at daily dose of 240 and 360 mg in the field of urology (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical trials with KW-1062, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, were carried out on the basis of the pre-clinical studies. Absorption and excretion of KW-1062 were studied in the healthy adults after single and multiple intramuscular administration. The blood concentration at single administration of 120 and 180 mg of KW-1062 reached the peak of 7 and 12 microgram/ml respectively 30 minutes after administration. The half life was constantly about 2 hours. The 10-hour urinary recovery rate was 55.6% and 60.8% at each of the above doses. No accumulation of KW-1062 in plasma was observed with multiple administration of 180 mg twice a day for 5 days. No adverse reactions (on blood, renal function and hearing) were observed. From these results, the dose of 360 mg/day period to be as safe as that of 240 mg/day. KW-1062 was administered to 155 patients at daily dose of 240 mg and 360 mg for 1 approximately 11 days. The cases collected and analyzed consisted of 105 patients with complicated U.T.I., 10 with acute and uncomplicated pyelonephritis, 16 with infection of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury and others. Of 105 patients with complicated U.T.I., 65 were administered KW-1062 at 360 mg daily, and 40 at 240 mg. KW-1062 was found to be effective in 52.5% of the 240 mg/day group, in 40% of the 360 mg/day group of complicated U.T.I., when evaluated on the basis of the criteria by the U.T.I. study group, and in 90% of patients with acute and uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Of 155 patients subjected to KW-1062 treatment, only one experienced tinnitus and nausea, and 17 had abnormal values in their laboratory findings. PMID- 6997538 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997539 TI - Literature. PMID- 6997541 TI - Literature. PMID- 6997540 TI - [A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia successfully treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997543 TI - [Major histocompatibility system in human bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997542 TI - [Several factors on hemopoietic stem cells in bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997544 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation and HLA]. PMID- 6997545 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute leukemia and aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997546 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997547 TI - [Nine cases of bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997548 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in chronic myeloproliferative syndromes]. PMID- 6997549 TI - [Bactericidal and cryptocidal capacity of the monocytes from the patients with neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997550 TI - Literature. PMID- 6997551 TI - [Clinical indices for reversible and irreversible shock and their thresholds]. PMID- 6997552 TI - [Shock lung (ARDS)]. PMID- 6997553 TI - [Respiratory therapy and management of shock lung]. PMID- 6997555 TI - [Respiratory management and RCU: present status and problems]. PMID- 6997556 TI - [CCU in Japan-- present status and problems]. PMID- 6997554 TI - [Cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6997557 TI - [Ultrasonic imaging of idiopathic cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6997559 TI - [Etiological studies of cardiomyopathies: alcohol, drugs, metabolic disorders and abnormal immunity]. PMID- 6997560 TI - [Secondary myocardial diseases and diseases related to idiopathic cardiomyopathies--clinical studies]. PMID- 6997561 TI - [Vasopressin and brain function]. PMID- 6997558 TI - [Kinetocardiography and phonocardiography for the diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6997563 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: introduction]. PMID- 6997562 TI - [Arrhythmia]. PMID- 6997564 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: hypertension]. PMID- 6997566 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: circulartory complication]. PMID- 6997567 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, aluminum balance, and esteodystrophy]. PMID- 6997565 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: acute hypotension during dialysis--etiology and management]. PMID- 6997568 TI - [Long-term dialysis and its problems: immunologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6997569 TI - [Present status and future of kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6997571 TI - [Introduction of enzyme antibody technic into cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 6997570 TI - [Chemistry of lectins and their medical and biological applications]. PMID- 6997572 TI - [Pitfalls in interpreting serum CK isoenzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997574 TI - [HLA antigens and autoimmunebullous disease among Japanese (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997575 TI - [The influence of HLA antigens on prolongation of skin allograft survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997576 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Seiichi Kitamura]. PMID- 6997573 TI - [Determination of inactive renin by cryoactivation and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997577 TI - [Studies of quantitative cytotoxicity test by a microculture technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997578 TI - [Immunohistochemical identification of lysozyme in colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis: correlation of serum lysozyme activity and histological finding of colonic mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997579 TI - [Pathophyriological studies on postoperative peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997580 TI - [Purification of the cholestatic factor by a gel filtration using Sephadex G-75 column and deae-cellulose column chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997581 TI - [Studies on the glucose intolerance in alcoholic liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997582 TI - [Comparison of efficacy of methods to predict beta cell secretory function in patients with liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997583 TI - [Leucocyte adherence inhibition with cryopresfrved mononuclear cells and autologous tumor extract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997584 TI - Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in fishes from markets in Osaka. AB - A total of 142 samples of different sea foods, mostly fish, were procured from the near-by supermarkets to examine the edible parts for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. Eleven samples (7.7%) seemed to contain this organism. Of these samples, we identified the toxin type in seven; six were type C and the other one type D. Isolation of C. botulinum type C was successful form the six samples but that of type D failed. PMID- 6997586 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation following chemotherapy and irradiation in dogs with spontaneous lymphomas. PMID- 6997585 TI - Comparative aspects of pathogenicity of measles, canine distemper, and rinderpest viruses. PMID- 6997587 TI - The conquest of scarlet fever: some Johns Hopkins contributions. PMID- 6997588 TI - [Cholesterol oxidation in biological membranes and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6997589 TI - [Kinetics of radioactive thallium chloride (201TlCl3) transport from the blood to myocardial tissue normally and in cardiac ischemia]. AB - Extraction of 201TlCl3 diffusing into the heart tissue under conditions of its normal functioning and in the presence of ischemia was appraised on a model with isolated coronary perfusion of the myocardium by the dual-tracer method. From analysis of the discharge curve of the tracers used it is concluded whether or not microcirculation of the perfused area of the heart is uniform or heterogeneous. It was established that in myocardial ischemia, 201TlCl3 does not accumulate in the interstitium, which makes it possible to evaluate the zones with diminished inclusion of 201TlCl3 encountered in scanning of the heart as corresponding to diminished blood supply. PMID- 6997590 TI - Determinants of ureagenesis, with particular reference to renal failure. PMID- 6997592 TI - [Method of plastic closure of the pyloric antrum stump in gastric resection for exclusion]. PMID- 6997593 TI - [Autoplasty in surgery of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6997591 TI - [Single-row suture in gastrectomy and stomach resection]. PMID- 6997594 TI - [Incompetence of duodenal stump sutures]. PMID- 6997595 TI - [Technical procedures for a Billroth I gastric resection in duodenal ulcer penetrating into the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 6997596 TI - [Cataract surgery following goniotrephination]. AB - A report on our experience with cataract surgery on 20 patients who had undergone goniotrephination (after Fronimopoulos) one to three years (average 2.3 years) previously. In ten cases microsurgical preparation of the conjunctival and scleral flap revealed that the cleft was completely open; in four cases it was partially closed and in six cases totally occluded. In 16 cases, postoperative intraocular pressure was well regulated without additional medication. In two cases mitotic therapy was required for only six to eight weeks postoperatively to achieve normotonic values. In two further cases this regimen had to be followed indefinitely to achieve lasting pressure regulation. PMID- 6997597 TI - [Keratoplasty in keratoglobus]. AB - In keratoglobus penetrating keratoplasty cannot be performed because the recipient cornea is too thin. The author reports on the three keratoplasties with traction (after Malbran) performed by him and on the results. PMID- 6997598 TI - [Suturing technic in penetrating keratoplasty--comparative study]. AB - From the patients who underwent keratoplasty within the last three years we selected 40 out of a total of 121 with the following common features: diameter of the button 7.1 mm, indication for surgery for optical reasons, healing of the button with sufficient clarity, achieving visual acuity of 0.5 or better. In 20 patients we used a running 10/0 nylon suture; in the remaining 20 cases we combined single 8/0 silk sutures with a runing 10/0 prolene suture. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was found when corneal astigmatism was compared to six to eight months postoperatively (at least two months following suture removal). This also applied in respect of the resultant refraction difference. However, in cases of keratoconus the combined suture technique resulted in a lower degree of astigmatism than the running suture technique alone. PMID- 6997599 TI - [Internal diseases in "Klinicheskaia Meditsina" during 1970-1979 (review)]. PMID- 6997601 TI - ["Klinicheskaia Meditsina" is 60 years old!]. PMID- 6997600 TI - [Views of P.I. Pestel' on medicine]. PMID- 6997602 TI - [Use of immobilized enzymes in clinical practice]. PMID- 6997603 TI - [Computer classification of hepatocellular insufficiency]. PMID- 6997604 TI - [Determination of renal functions regulating mineral homeostasis in the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection]. PMID- 6997605 TI - [Importance of clinical pathophysiology for the diagnosis of kidney diseases]. PMID- 6997606 TI - [History of vagotomy]. PMID- 6997607 TI - [Theodor Billroth and his contribution to surgery (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6997608 TI - [Clinical problems of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6997609 TI - [Significance of Lenin's theory of the dialectical interrelationship of objective and subjective sensations in diagnosis]. PMID- 6997610 TI - [Problems in the prophylactic use of antibiotics]. PMID- 6997611 TI - [Luminescence diagnosis of stomach cancer by gastroscopy (a clinical and experimental study)]. PMID- 6997615 TI - Listener agreement on articulation errors of four- and five-year-old children. AB - This study reported differences in agreement among four experienced listeners who analyzed the articulation skills of 97 four- and five-year-old children. Mean agreement percentages based on the identification of only misarticulated sounds were contrasted with mean percentages of agreement for decisions made on both correct and incorrect articulations of each sound for the entire population. In addition, the weighted average of the modal category of agreement for the specification of error type for misarticulated responses was determined for each sound tested over all subjects. Differences in agreement for evaluations of all responses, for error responses only, and for specification of error types were calculated and reported by place and manner of articulation, voicing characteristics, and syllabic function. Place and manner of articulation revealed differences of agreement, whereas voicing and syllabic function contributed little to agreement or disagreement. PMID- 6997614 TI - Fat mobilisation in large white pigs selected for low backfat thickness. PMID- 6997612 TI - [Problems and prospects of space pharmacology]. AB - The paper reviews the Soviet and foreign literature on the pharmacological support of manned space flights with emphasis on pharmacological prophylaxis and therapy of adverse effects of the space environment. The paper discusses future development of pharmacological studies as part of space medicine. PMID- 6997613 TI - [Water-salt homeostasis and weightlessness]. PMID- 6997617 TI - De aurium doloris et vitium curis or concerning the care of pain and troubles of the ears. PMID- 6997616 TI - Professional and lay observers' impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids. AB - This study determined whether professional and lay observers had similar impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids and if the size of the aid affected ratings. Stimuli consisted of three photographic slides of nine normally hearing and speaking male preschoolers wearing (1) a body-type hearing aid, (2) a post-auricular type aid, and (3) no aid. Slides were accompanied by taped speech samples. Stimuli were presented to 75 professional and 75 lay observers who rated the children on a semantic differential scale containing 15 adjectives. Ratings were submitted to a factor analysis revealing Factor I as achievement and Factor II as appearance. Results of MANOVAs revealed that neither professional nor lay observers discriminated against the children on appearance regardless of the presence of a hearing aid, but that both groups rated them significantly poorer on achievement when an aid was present. Lay observers' ratings showed a bias against the size of the aid, while professionals exhibited negative impressions whenever an aid was present, regardless of its size. These findings indicate that the "hearing aid effect" was present on variables of achievement even for normal hearing preschoolers. PMID- 6997618 TI - Volumetric changes in cells during freezing and thawing. AB - A thermodynamic model is presented to describe the combined freezing and thawing process for living cells. Continuous changes in the cell volume are predicted according to the thermal protocol imposed on the system. Experimental verification of the model is sought by monitoring continuously the volume of cells as frozen on a cryomicroscope. The volumes of individual cells are measured from sequential photomicrographs by a computerized image analysis technique. The model and experimental data are in quite close agreement for the freezing process, but upon thawing the experimentally measured volumes consistently increased much more rapidly than predicted by the model. The model can be made to conform to the data by accounting for a substantial influx of electrolyte to the cell at subfreezing temperatures. PMID- 6997619 TI - Sepsis and septic shock--a review of laboratory models and a proposal. PMID- 6997621 TI - Cold storage of segmental canine pancreatic grafts for 24 hours. PMID- 6997620 TI - Prospective comparison of polytetrafluoroethylene and bovine grafts for dialysis. PMID- 6997622 TI - Azathioprine-induced leukopenia--clinical significance in renal transplantation. PMID- 6997623 TI - Fetal pancreas isografts, cultured and uncultured, to reverse streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6997625 TI - Biology of bone marrow transplantation. Abstracts. PMID- 6997624 TI - Hepatocellular transplantation for experimental ischemic acute liver failure in dogs. PMID- 6997626 TI - Computer-aided diagnosis of alcoholism. AB - A generalized mathematical diagnostic algorithm, using symptoms and a weighting system derived from the criteria of the National Council on Alcoholism, correctly identified all the alcoholics and two-thirds of the nonalcoholics of a previous study. PMID- 6997627 TI - Effects of alcohol, instructions and consumption rate and motor performance. AB - A moderate dose of alcohol had an adverse effect, the rate of consumption had little effect, and instructions concerning the alcohol content of the beverage consumed had no effect, on motor performance. PMID- 6997628 TI - The use of beverage alcohol as medicine, 1790-1860. AB - In the period from 1790 to 1860 beverage alcohol was, except in a few specific conditions, used sparingly by the most formally trained physicians, more often by less sophisticated practitioners and most frequently by families in the home. PMID- 6997629 TI - Are aromatic residues essential at the "active sites" of peptide hormones? PMID- 6997630 TI - Secondary structural and "active site" homologies between nerve growth factor and insulin. PMID- 6997632 TI - Isoproterenol-induced flow responses in mammary and vein bypass grafts. PMID- 6997631 TI - How bacterial ribosomes select translation initiation sites. PMID- 6997634 TI - List of members of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, 1980-1981. PMID- 6997633 TI - Bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the bronchus: mechanical stapling versus hand suturing. AB - Four hundred fifty cases of pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the bronchus are reviewed. The incidence of bronchopleural fistula is compared in two separate groups differentiated according to whether the bronchus was closed with interrupted sutures or with the auto-suture stapling clamp. The incidence of fistula was 11.1% in the interrupted suture group and 2.6% with the auto-suture group. The diagnosis and the method of treatment in this unit are discussed and the etiologic factors responsible for the fistula are reviewed. The conclusions are that there is no single causative factor in the development of bronchopleural fistulas and that the incidence of fistula is considerably reduced by the use of the auto-suture clamp. PMID- 6997635 TI - F1 hybrid resistance to BN rat myelogenous leukemia parallels resistance to transplantation of normal BN bone marrow. PMID- 6997636 TI - Cell surface characteristics of human histiocytic lymhoma lines--I. Surface glycoprotein patterns. PMID- 6997637 TI - Role of pluripoietins in murine bone marrow stem cell differentiation. PMID- 6997638 TI - Resistance to BN myelogenous leukemia in rat radiation chimeras. PMID- 6997639 TI - Human thymus/leukaemia-associated antigen (a low-molecular weight form of adenosine deaminase) and the phenotype of leukaemic cells. PMID- 6997640 TI - The kinetics of colony-stimulating activity elaboration from human bone marrow cells by immunoadjuvants: interactions between light density adherent and nonadherent cells in vitro. PMID- 6997641 TI - A Golgi impregnation technique for thin brain slices maintained in vitro. AB - A technique for using routine rapid Golgi impregnation procedures on very thin freshly fixed slices (less than 0.5 mm) of brain tissue is described. The technique was particularly successful with hippocampal slices that were maintained and stimulated in vitro prior to fixation. Thin tissue slices were surrounded by thicker sections of tissue to form a 5 mm thick bundle. The tissue bundle was then processed by a rapid Golgi procedure, 5 days each in chromate osmium and silver nitrate solutions. At the end of this time the thin tissue slices were unwrapped from their thicker protecting tissue sections, embedded in celloidin, cut at 60-100 micrometer thickness on a sliding microtome and mounted in permount under cover glass. Qualitative light microscopic analysis of the rapid Golgi impregnated slices revealed fully impregnated cell bodies, dendrites, dentritic spines, axons and axonal varicosities with minimal background artifact. In contrast, unprotected thin tissue slices showed only a dense black artifact without cells or processes. PMID- 6997642 TI - X-ray controlled implantation of the brain stem. AB - Using X-rays to improve accuracy of stereotaxic implantation of the brain stem of Macaca irus monkeys overcomes the problems of moveable brain stem and inaccurate fixation in the stereotaxic frame. The method is independent of standard atlases and correct ear bar fixation. The key to the method is the establishment of a nomogram which relates the implantation target to bony landmarks. The nomogram is established by X-ray contrast studies which outline the brain stem, the implantation target in the brain stem being decided by superimposed histology. This target is nomographically related to bony landmarks seen both on the contrast X-ray and on a plain X-ray taken later at implantation with the monkey in the stereotaxic frame. Being able to locate the target on this plain X-ray, and having included on the X-ray a metal marker, the stereotaxic coordinates of which are known, the distance can be measured (allowing for X-ray magnification) between target and stereotaxic marker and thus one computes the target coordinates. Accuracy of implantation according to these coordinates is monitored with further plain X-rays. PMID- 6997643 TI - Comparative studies of total and ionized serum calcium values in normal subjects and patients with renal disorders. AB - One hundred fourteen nondialyzed azotemic adult patients (creatinine connentration 1.2 to 17.6 mg/dl), 78 stable renal transplant recipients (creatinine less than 1.9 mg/dl), 50 patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis, 36 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism, and 62 normal volunteers were studied with simultaneous serum ionized calcium, total calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, and creatinine measurements. Ionized calcium could not be reliably predicted from total calcium. Although in all patient groups values for serum ionized calcium correlated significantly with those for total calcium, the scatter around the regression line was such that a direct interpretation was not precise. With respect to reference values, significant differnces were found between ionized and total calcium in 26% of all studied patients. When compared with total serum calcium, ionized calcium appeared to be a more sensitive index of calcium metabolism. All correlations with ionized calcium had a higher r value compared with those with total serum calcium. Two findings were particularly rewarding. In patients with chronic renal failure, serum PTH showed a negative correlation with serum ionized calcium, indicating that the latter may have been largely responsible for the secondary increase in PTH; in patients after a successful transplant, serum PTH showed a positive correlation with serum ionized calcium, indicating that in the presence of normal kidney function the previously hypertrophied parathyroid glands may be largely responsible for the daily study of a large number of specimens, determinations of serum ionized calcium should be encouraged in all patients suspected of having abnormalities of renal calcium metabolism. PMID- 6997644 TI - Failure of high doses of Sar1-lle8-angiotensin II to abolish autoregulation of renal blood flow. AB - We used very high doses of a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II to investigate the role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the autoregulation of renal blood flow. Studies were carried out in dogs in which the renin and prostaglandin systems were suppressed. The results of our studies indicate that angiotensin II is not a prime mediator of the autoregulation of renal blood flow in response to reduced perfusion pressure. PMID- 6997645 TI - Failure of interventions to maintain mitochondrial function in ischemic myocardium. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pyruvate (2.5 mmol/kg), the combination of glucose (3.9 mmol/kg) and insulin (0.13 unit/kg) with potassium (9.27 meq/kg), or sodium dichloroacetate (120 mg/kg) infused for 15 minutes before and 20 minutes after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary arterv in anesthetized dogs restricted the depression in mitochondrial respiratory function induced by ischemia. Myocardial blood flow after ligation in the three groups was o.2 ml/min per gram or less in ischemic subendocardium and was similar to that in saline-infused controls that had also undergone coronary artery ligation. The depressions induced in mitochondrial respiratory control index and state 3 respiration by ischemia in the subendocardium and subepicardium of the three treatment groups, when compared with corresponding nonischemic tissue, were not significantly improved from the control values. It was concluded that these three interventions fail to preserve mitochondrial respiration in ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6997646 TI - Pre-1933 history of gynecology in Maryland. Part 2. PMID- 6997647 TI - "Yes, indeed, the Lord made only one Katie!" --The journeys of the unsinkable Katherine H. Borkovich, MD: an exclusive profile/interview by Blaine Taylor. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 6997648 TI - Capitation payment for pharmacy services: impact on generic substitution. AB - This article evaluates changes in the rate of generic substitution as well as the appropriateness of such changes in dispensing behavior when the conventional fee for-service system for reimbursement of pharmacists is replaced by a capitation system. The fee-for-service system under Medicaid usually covers ingredient costs plus a fixed professional dispensing fee. The capitation system provides a cash payment per Medicaid eligible at the first of each month, which varies by aid category and season of the year. The dispensing behavior of pharmacists in two experimental rural counties is examined during a 1-year preperiod in which the fee-for-service form of reimbursement was employed, as well as a 2-year postperiod in which capitation was used in lieu of fee-for-service payments. The results are compared with pharmacist behavior patterns in two other rural counties which remained on the fee-for-service system over the same 3-year period. The data indicate highly significant increases in both the rate of generic substitution as well as the dollar savings per substitution in the experimental counties after the institution of capitation reimbursement. Using explicit criteria, no substantial differences in the appropriateness of generic substitution were noted between the two financing schemes. PMID- 6997649 TI - The contributions of consumer health education to primary care practice: a review. AB - The inclusion of health education in high quality primary care has been suggested on the basis of 1) definitions and descriptions and descriptions of the content of primary care practice; 2) observational studies which have found that about 25 per cent of the direct patient-care time of the primary care physician is devoted to health education and counseling; and 3) surveys of physicians, who identified the most important "critical incidents" contributing to desired medical outcomes. This article reviews empirical studies of the role of health education in improving behavioral and medical outcomes for such conditions as hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart disease, streptococcal infections and others. Other contributions of health education in primary care in schools and other community settings are cited. Finally, the possible role of health education in medical education programs is described. PMID- 6997650 TI - [Paradoxical correlation between plasma renin activity and hypotensive effect of beta-adrenergic blocking (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 39 patients has been divided in three categories according to their plasmatic renine activity and the correlation of the hipotensive answer to the Timolol Maleate (betadrenergic blocking). The control is more favourable in the normorreninemic than in the hiporreninemic patients and, paradoxically, even more than in the hyperreninemic. This unexpected answer is probably due to the lowest sodium intake of this last group. Hyperreninemia is more than a factor determining their basal hypertension: it is a regulation factor by hiposodic diet and probably, drug resistant. Nor quantitative neither qualitative correlation among the basal plasmatic renine activity and the hipotensive activity has been observed. PMID- 6997651 TI - [Characteristics of Klebsiella isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6997652 TI - Therapeutic explanation and the Edinburgh bloodletting controversy: two perspectives on the medical meaning of science in the mid-nineteenth century. PMID- 6997653 TI - Germ theory, hysteria, and Freud's early work in psychopathology. PMID- 6997655 TI - The providers of medical treatment in mid-nineteenth-century Bristol. PMID- 6997654 TI - Development of the disease model of drug addiction in Britain, 1870-1926. PMID- 6997656 TI - Leicester and smallpox: the Leicester method. PMID- 6997658 TI - Alfred Henry Garrod and the indirect measurement of the isometric period of the heart's contraction. PMID- 6997657 TI - The Betchworth portraits: members of the family of William Harvey. PMID- 6997659 TI - The importance of the Cairo Genizah for the history of medicine. PMID- 6997660 TI - Dr. E. Ashworth Underwood (1899--1980). PMID- 6997661 TI - [Insulinopathies]. PMID- 6997663 TI - Supreme court unties medicaid for abortions. PMID- 6997662 TI - [Treatment of thrombosis and prevention of recurrence]. PMID- 6997665 TI - Modulation of the effects of tumor therapeutic agents by vitamin C. PMID- 6997664 TI - Biosynthesis of isorenin in cell cultures from pineal glands of adult and newborn rats. PMID- 6997666 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on heme metabolism in heptatic microsomes. PMID- 6997667 TI - Effect of L-dopa and bilateral nephrectomy on the aldosterone response to metoclopramide. PMID- 6997668 TI - Noradrenaline and selective attention: a review of the model and the evidence. PMID- 6997669 TI - Anti-platelet aggregating and disaggregating activities of 6,9-methano PGI2. PMID- 6997670 TI - [Thymus hormones. Facts and problems]. PMID- 6997671 TI - [Transcutaneous PO2-measurement for objective assessment of development of pedicle skin flaps]. PMID- 6997672 TI - [Plasmapheresis and its use in nephrology]. PMID- 6997674 TI - The renal transplant patient with fever and pulmonary infiltrates: etiology, clinical manifestations, and management. PMID- 6997673 TI - Legionnaires' disease: report of sixty-five nosocomially acquired cases of review of the literature. AB - Sixty-five cases of nosocomially acquired Legionnaires' disease are reported and the world literature is reviewed. The etiologic agent, Legionnella pneumophila, has been isolated from several environmental sources at outbreak sites. Legionnaires' disease appears to be acquired by inhalation and is primarily manifested by severe, potentially fatal, pneumonia. Characteristic clinical disease consists of high fever with relative bradycardia, dry cough, chills, diarrhea, and pleuritic pain. Although no single feature is pathognomonic, the clinical presentation is usually sufficiently characteristic to suggest the diagnosis. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease during acute illness may be established by culture of Legionella pneumophila, or by demonstration of the bacterium using special stains. However, in most instances, the physician must make a presumptive diagnosis based on the clinical presentation in order to institute appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Retrospective confirmation of the diagnosis may be made by serologic studies in most instances. Erythromycin is, at this time, the drug of choice for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. A prompt salutory response following institution of erythromycin therapy is typical. PMID- 6997675 TI - Increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations and metabolic rates following glucose ingestion in man. AB - The effects of glucose ingestion on plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinphrine (E), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and glucose, and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) were examined in six normal males. Ingestion of the glucose (100 g) solution significantly increased all of these measures except E levels, compared with changes observed during a control experiment in which an equal volume of water was ingested. The initial (0-60 min) increase in plasma NE levels and the increase in the RMR following glucose was significantly greater than the smaller increases that occurred during the control experiment. Plasma IRI and glucose levels peaked 30-60 min after glucose consumption, then declined toward basal values. These data show that glucose intake causes an elevation of the RMR and sympathetic nervous system activity greater than that caused by other aspects of the testing solution, and are consistent with the possibility that the increase in RMR following glucose ingestion is related to elevated sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 6997676 TI - Effects of insulin at two dose levels on gluconeogenesis from alanine in fasting man. AB - We have determined the effect of insulin infused at 1 and 5 mU/kg/min on gluconeogenesis from alanine in 48-hr fasted men. The conversion of alanine to glucose was measured by the arterial-hepatic venous catheterization technique combined with the infusion of 14C-alanine. During insulin infusion, euglycemia was maintained by variable glucose infusion. When insulin was infused at 1 mU/kg/min the net splanchnic production of 14C-glucose was suppressed by 80% but glucagon infused at the end of the study resulted in substantial release of 14C glucose from the liver suggesting marked accumulation of labeled glucose in glycogen. When insulin was infused at 5 mU/kg/min the splanchnic release of 14C glucose was also markedly suppressed but in contrast to the lower insulin dose very little labeled glucose accumulated in glycogen. Neither the high nor the low dose insulin infusion had any effect on net splanchnic alanine uptake and plasma glucagon levels fell by 35% in both protocols. These data demonstrate that in 48 hr fasted man, (1) a small increment in insulin concentration will suppress glucose production but mostly by diverting the newly formed glucose into glycogen; (2) at higher concentrations, insulin will inhibit glucose production mainly by suppressing glucoeogenesis; and (3) this insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis is due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine. PMID- 6997677 TI - Effects of in vitro and in vivo exposure to insulin upon glucose carbon accumulation in rat aorta: different patterns of response for intima-media and adventitia. AB - We have studied the effect of insulin upon the accumulation of glucose carbon into the intima-media and the adventitia of rat aorta following in vitro exposure by adding insulin to the incubation medium, and in vivo exposure by producing relative hyperinsulinemia during life and subsequently incubating excised tissue in a medium containing no insulin. Hyperinsulinemia in vivo was either (1) endogenous--following 1.5-2 hr of refeeding after a 48-hr fast--or (2) exogenous- following an i.v. injection of insulin. For adventitia, a significant stimulation was found after both in vitro (+ 53%, p < 0.001) and in vivo exposure to insulin (+ 96%, p < 0.01 with endogenous insulin; + 75%, p < 0.05 with a dosage of 2 U/kg of exogenous insulin). For intima-media, the stimulation was weak and insignificant after in vitro exposure (+ 11%, p > 0.30), but became important and significant after in vivo exposure to insulin (+ 100%, p < 0.001 with endogenous insulin; + 50%, p < 0.05 with a dosage of 0.5 U/kg and + 49%, p < 0.05 with a dosage of 2 U/kg of exogenous insulin). For the in vivo exposure experiments, we found a significant linear correlation (r = 0.611, p < 0.005) between plasma insulin concentrations and glucose carbon accumulations into intima-medias of control and refed rats. These results establish the insulin sensitivity of the adventitia and show a sensitivity of intima-media only to in vivo insulin exposure. These different behaviors of intima-media in vivo and in vitro may have a hemodynamic basis. PMID- 6997678 TI - A fuzzy logical model of computer-assisted medical diagnosis. PMID- 6997679 TI - Explant culture: pancreatic islets. PMID- 6997680 TI - Primary cultures of human prostate. PMID- 6997681 TI - The human placenta in cell and organ culture. PMID- 6997682 TI - Cell and explant culture of kidney tubular epithelium. PMID- 6997683 TI - Organ culture of gastric mucosa: advantages and limitations. PMID- 6997684 TI - Methodology and utility of primary cultures of hepatocytes from experimental animals. PMID- 6997685 TI - Human arterial wall cells and tissues in culture. PMID- 6997686 TI - The fetal mouse heart in organ culture: maintenance of the differentiated state. PMID- 6997687 TI - The fibroblast of human lung alveolar structures: a differentiated cell with a major role in lung structure and function. PMID- 6997688 TI - The human alveolar macrophage. PMID- 6997689 TI - An application of numerical taxonomy to the study of the cerebral cortex of Natrix maura (L). AB - The separate cellular regions of the reptilian cerebral cortex were studied using Numerical Taxonomy. Three parameters were employed: a) The area occupied by each region at the several levels studied. b) The total area of the cell nuclei present in each level. c) The average are of these nuclei. Numerical Taxonomy resolves the problem by means of a dendrogram which represents the normalised distances, which indicate levels of similarity on absciassas. The elements studies are on the ordinate axis. The dendrogram shows the different levels of similarity existing between each one of the chosen populations. Depending upon the degree of similarity one may deduce the similarities or differences existing between these populations, and also the characteristics of each cellular population throughout the length of its presence in the cerebral cortex and the variations between the regions. These results, in the first place, relate to the four cortical regions: medialis cortex, dorsomedialis cortex, dorsalis cortex, and lateralis cortex, and in the second place, to each one of the regions within the entire telencephalic cortex. PMID- 6997691 TI - The early development of electron lenses and electron microscopy. PMID- 6997690 TI - An improved device for frequency recording of tracheal ciliary beat. AB - An improved device for frequency recording of cyclic movements on the cellular level is described. The device consists of a modified conventional microscope lit by a laser source, an analyzer comprising a fiber optic transmission system, a photodector, an amplifier, a recorder and a thermostatic equipment, including a thermoprobe. In vitro experiments are reported concerning variation in activity as a function of temperature, with respect to the frequency of ciliary beat in rat ring trachea. PMID- 6997692 TI - Protective effect of passively transferred immune peritoneal exudate cells in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6997693 TI - Isolation of nontoxigenic variants associated with enhanced sporulation and alteration in the cell wall from Clostridium botulinum type a 190L by treatment with detergents. AB - Nontoxigenic variants were isolated from Clostridium botulinum type A strain 190L after treatment with detergents such as deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and Brij-58. Deoxycholate was most effective for obtaining the variants. The variants exhibited a markedly increased frequency of sporulation compared with the oligosporogenic parent strain. The cell wall of the parent strain was composed of an outer layer and an inner layer, whereas that of the variants lost the outer layer. After treatment with mitomycin C the parent strain was subjected to lysis and produced bacteriophages with a hexagonal head and a contractible tail, while the nontoxigenic variants did not yield bacteriophages or phage-like structures. There appears to be a close relationship among the toxigenic and sporogenic properties, formation of the outer cell wall layer and lysogeny. PMID- 6997694 TI - Ultrastructure of a hexagonal array in exosporium of a highly sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type A revealed by electron microscopy using optical diffraction and filtration. AB - The ultrastructure of a hexagonal array in the exosporium from spores of a highly sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type A strain 190L was studied by electron microscopy of negatively stained exosporium fragments using optical diffraction and filtration. The exosporium was composed of three or more lamellae showing and equilateral, hexagonal periodicity. Images of the single exosporium layer from which the noise had been filtered optically revealed that the hexagonally arranged, morphological unit of the exosporium was composed of three globular subunits about 2.1 nm in diameter which were arranged at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of about 2.4 nm. The morphological units were arranged with a spacing of about 4.5 nm. the adjacent globular subunits appeared to be interconnected by delicate linkers. PMID- 6997696 TI - Purification and some properties of tetanolysin. AB - Tetanolysin was purified from the culture fluid of a strain of Clostridium tetani by ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation and repeated gel filtration. Two hemolysins with different molecular weights were separated by gel filtration, and the smaller one, tetanolysin, was further purified. The purification raised the specific activity of tetanolysin 1,050-fold to 500 HU/micrograms of protein. The purified preparation gave a single, relatively broad band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in which the activity was roughly parallel with the protein concentration. However, on sodium dodecylsulfate-gel electrophoresis it gave two bands with nearly equal amounts of proteins, showing molecular weights of 53,000 and 48,000 +/- 3,000. Furthermore, isoelectric focusing revealed four peaks of the activity whose isoelectric pHs were 6.1, 5.6, 5.3, and 6.6 in decreasing order of the activity. These findings suggest that the preparation contains four hemolysins with different pIs, which are classifiable into two groups by molecular size. The preparation was completely free of tetanus neurotoxin and proteases. Tetanolysin was more strongly inhibited by cholesterol and more rapidly absorbed onto erythrocytes than theta-toxin of Cl. perfringens. PMID- 6997695 TI - Association of mouse adenovirus-induced cell surface antigen(s) with histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6997697 TI - Comparison of liquid and agar-solidified defined media regarding the physiological mechanism by which beta-2-thienylalanine inhibits growth of Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella cultures. AB - Growth comparisons were made, using Shigella, Escherichia, and Salmonella cultures, in liquid and agar-solidified defined media containing beta-2 thienylalanine (beta-2-t). The comparisons were performed to determine the nature of growth inhibition by beta-2-t under different physical growth conditions. In a plate assay, with increasing beta-2-t mixed into the agar, inhibition of Escherichia and Shigella increased. However, Salmonella cultures were not inhibited even at the highest beta-2-t concentrations used. With beta-2-t added to liquid cultures, however, dose-response growth relationships were exhibited by all three genera. The differences occurring in beta-2-t inhibition between liquid and plate assay conditions were not due to composition of culture plates, time of challenge of cultures with beta-2-t, availability of oxygen and associated differences in ratios of volume of media to available surface area, selection of mutants in the plate assay, or to extractable substances from the agar. However, when beta-2-t diffusion into the liquid medium was delayed by using agar plug diffusion cultures, a physiological mechanism was demonstrable which largely protected Salmonella cultures, but not Escherichia and Shigella cultures, from growth inhibition. PMID- 6997698 TI - [Structure of the O-antigen side chains of Escherichia coli serotype 020]. PMID- 6997699 TI - [Evaluation of the interaction of Bacterium alcalescens strains with shigellae and salmonellae]. PMID- 6997700 TI - [Modification of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method for separating bacterial polysaccharides]. PMID- 6997701 TI - [D. S. Samoilovich's activities in the Ukraine]. PMID- 6997702 TI - [Methanol dehydrogenase activity of Hansenula polymorpha in chemostat cultivation]. AB - The activity of methanol dehydrogenase in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was studied in chemostat; it did not depend on the concentration of oxygen within the range of low and high pO2 values, on temperature at 37 and 30 degrees C, or on pH from 4.5 to 5.0. No noticeable differences in the activity were found when the growth was limited with methanol or oxygen. Apparently, the activity of methanol dehydrogenase in H. polymorpha depends on a factor or a group of factors not taken into account in this experiment. PMID- 6997704 TI - [Aspartate, alanine, glutamate, malate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases in Candida albicans]. AB - Multiple molecular forms of aspartate, alanine, glutamate, malate and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenases were studied in the course of Candida albicans growth using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The isozyme spectrum and the activity of dehydrogenases were found to depend on the cultural age and the cofactor being used (NAD or NADP). The protein-antigenic spectrum and the composition of multiple molecular forms of dehydrogenases were compared in C. albicans in the course of its growth in order to characterize more completely the properties of the culture at a certain growth phase. PMID- 6997703 TI - [Cytochrome P-450 content in yeast cells during growth on hexadecane]. AB - The content of cytochrome P-450 was studied in the cells of alkane oxidizing yeasts Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis and C. lipolytica. The cells of all the studied yeast strains growing on hexadecane were found to contain cytochrome P-450. The cytochrome was not detected when the yeast strains grew on glucose. The concentration of cytochrome P-450 remained constant at the exponential growth phase, but decreased at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. Cytochrome P-450 was shown to be synthesized de novo in the course of physiological adaptation of the cells to hexadecane. PMID- 6997705 TI - [DNA content in Escherichia coli mutants]. AB - The content of DNA was assayed in Escherichia coli K-12 strains which underwent mutations in the genes pol A, uvr A, rec B during their cultivation in the Difco broth. The mutant in the gene rec B did not differ from the wild strain in the dynamics of DNA content. The mutants in the genes pol A and uvr A contained DNA three times as high as the wild strain cells at the beginning of the lag phase. Apparently, the genes pol A and uvr A are involved in the regulation of DNA content in the cells of E. coli. PMID- 6997706 TI - Fatty acids, fibrinogen and blood flow: a general mechanism for hyperfibrinogenemia and its pathologic consequences. AB - Plasma fibrinogen is elevated in various stressful states and conditions in which active mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) occurs. Reduction of plasma FFA by an assortment of hypolipidemic drugs is consistently followed by a decrease in the accompanying hyperfibrinogenemia. A direct link between FFA and fibrinogen has been demonstrated in animals, and in experiments employing incubated liver slices. Based on these clinical and experimental observations, we postulate that hepatic fibrinogen synthesis is stimulated by FFA. Since fibrinogen is a major determinant of whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, and sludging of red cells in terminal and pre-terminal blood vessels, we propose that microcirculatory blood flow may be impaired in the presence of chronically elevated plasma FFA levls. Consequently, hypolipidemic drugs may be effective in prevention of circulatory complications associated with FFA-induced hyperfibrinogenemia. PMID- 6997707 TI - Theoretical mechanisms for synthesis of carcinogen-induced embryonic proteins. VI. Radiation. AB - The following is an attempt to devise a theory of specific induction processes required of the neoplastic transformation using the non-specific carcinogenic agent - radiation. A variety of biological considerations including comparative radiosensitivity, radiation effects on chromatin and enzymes, radiomimetic chemical induction of chromosomal anomalies, lethality and the tRNA function are also presented. These topics serve as background for elaborating a scheme of how a specific array of genes could become decontrolled. A concept derived involves the fixation of despiralized genic areas which are induced by hypomethylated DNA caused by anomalous DNA methylation. This process could be a potentially critical part of the irradiation-induced carcinogenic event. The concept of fixation of chromatin in an informational sense leads to a mechanism requiring a classic mutation, modified by a repair process that ultimately leads to an epigenetic event. More specifically it would appear that a critical target to induce the neoplastic response from a cell with irradiation could be the DNA responsible for the template sites (or at least a secondary area that indirectly could cause inactivation of this site) of the genes for DNA methylation. This would not necessarily be the only genic change required but one can derive gene derepressions from this type of molecular lesion. A similar scheme for gene repression has not been devised in this writing beyond the simplistic, although not unwarranted, viewpoint of direct DNA damage. PMID- 6997708 TI - Animal electricity. PMID- 6997710 TI - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. PMID- 6997709 TI - Treatment of gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - Twenty-three patients with radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder were treated by orally administered chenodeoxycholic acid (750 mg/day) for periods ranging from six to 24 months. Complete dissolution of gallstones occurred in five patients, and partial dissolution occurred in four patients--an over-all response of 39%. Side effects of the treatment were minimal. Stone size was the major factor which influenced outcome, as seven of 15 patients with stones less than 1 cm in diameter had a reduction in stone size or dissolution of stones. It is recommended that chenodeoxycholic acid treatment should be reserved for the treatment of patients with radiolucent stones which are less than 1.5 cm in diameter. PMID- 6997711 TI - Continung education and peer review. PMID- 6997712 TI - [Blunt injuries to the heart have the best prognosis]. PMID- 6997713 TI - [Cytostatic therapy: neurologic and psychiatric syndromes]. PMID- 6997714 TI - [A quarter of all pregnant woemn are anemic]. PMID- 6997715 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia as a frequent cause of amenorrhea and galactorrhea]. PMID- 6997716 TI - [Possibilities and limits of pancreas surgery]. PMID- 6997717 TI - [Is HCG therapy obesity warranted?]. PMID- 6997718 TI - [Piroxicam--a step forward in the treatment of rheumatism]. PMID- 6997719 TI - Georgi Markov--death in a pellet. PMID- 6997721 TI - Bacterial lactate dehydrogenases. PMID- 6997724 TI - Clinical neurology in small animal practice. PMID- 6997725 TI - Use of antibiotics in wounds. PMID- 6997722 TI - Biology and physiology of the lower Trypanosomatidae. PMID- 6997726 TI - Mechanism of N-hydroxyacetylarylamine mutagenicity in the Salmonella test system: metabolic activation of N-hydroxyphenacetin by liver and kidney fractions from rat, mouse, hamster, and man. PMID- 6997727 TI - Polypeptide synthesis catalyzed by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate-modified ribosomes. AB - The stimulation of poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis produced by modification of Escherichia coli ribosomes with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, at low molar ratios of reagent to ribosomes, is due to an increase in the average chain length of polyphenylalanine synthesized, and not to the activation of inactive ribosomes. At a higher molar ratio of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate to ribosomes, which produces no overall change in activity, approximately 50% of the active ribosomes present in the untreated preparation have been completely inactivated, and the remaining active ones, like the ribosomes of the stimulated preparation, synthesize polyphenylalanine at an increased rate as compared with the untreated ribosomes. PMID- 6997730 TI - Influence of corticosteroid treatment on pulmonary function after recovery from aspiration of gastric contents. PMID- 6997723 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism in microbial systems. PMID- 6997728 TI - A rapid method for mapping exposed cytosines in polyribonucleotides. Application to tRNATrp (yeast, beef liver). AB - A rapid method for mapping exposed cytosine residues in 5'-[32P]-labeled RNA molecules is suggested. The exposed cytosines (C's) are converted into uracyls (U's) by bisulphite treatment at pH 5.8 in the presence of Mg2+, followed by complete modification of the residual (non-exposed) C's by a methoxyamine and bisulphite mixture at pH 5.0. The control RNA is modified only by methoxyamine and bisulphite without the preliminary C leads to U conversion. The location of the exposed C's is determined by comparing the products of partial T1, T2, A and U2 ribonuclease digestions of the C leads to U converted and control RNAs after slab gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis and autoradiography. The method has been applied for mapping exposed cytosine bases in tRNATrp (yeast) which have been found in the anti-codon loop and at the 3'-end of the molecule. In tRNATrp (beef liver), in addition to the same exposed bases, C in the diHU-loop is exposed. The data obtained are in full agreement with what is known about exposed C's for other tRNAs. PMID- 6997729 TI - Evaluation of corticosteroid treatment in aspiration of gastric contents: A controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6997731 TI - Ampulla of Vater-a misnomer. PMID- 6997732 TI - Genetics of congenital nemaline myopathy. AB - Family patterns for 50 reported probands with congenital nemaline myopathy were compared with expected patterns derived from various possible genetic hypotheses. The disease had a high mortality in childhood but remained clinically stationary after this period. Some normal relatives showed nemaline rods on muscle biopsy. Chromosomes were normal in the two cases in which they were examined. Prenatal exposures appeared irrelevant to this disease. Autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive or dominant modes of inheritance were not compatible with the observed patterns, which could be explained by an autosomal dominant mode with a reduced penetrance. Normal relatives who carried rods were presumably unaffected heterozygotes of the same gene. The genetic ratio (the proportion of affected siblings) was 0.3, being short of the expected value, 0.5, probably because of the presence of these asymptomatic rod-bearing heterozygotes. While the pressure of natural selection was great in the patients who died or were severely disabled, the gene could be passed to the next generation by mildly affected patients or heterozygotes who remained unaffected. PMID- 6997733 TI - Peripheral and alveolar response in guinea pigs to an aerosol exposure of Thermoactinomyces candidus spores. PMID- 6997734 TI - Single-dose penicillin prophylaxis against neonatal group B streptococcal infections. A controlled trial in 18,738 newborn infants. AB - Neonatal Group B streptococcal infections may not respond to antimicrobial therapy and have been associated with case fatality rates of 50 per cent or greater. We evaluated the effect on colonization and disease rates of a single intramuscular dose of aqueous penicillin G given at birth in a prospectively controlled study of 18,738 neonates during a 25-month period. The colonization rate in the mothers was 26.6 per cent, with 50 per cent concordance in the untreated infants and 12.2 per cent in the penicillin-treated infants (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of disease caused by all penicillin-susceptible organisms in the penicillin group (0.64 vs. 2.26 cases per thousand live births, P = 0.005). Disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens was increased in the penicillin-treated group during the first year of the study but was unaffected during the second year. Routine administration of parenteral penicillin at birth cannot be recommended until the effect on the incidence of disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens is fully defined. PMID- 6997736 TI - Gynecomastia. PMID- 6997735 TI - Development of a scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5 hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. AB - A scleroderma-like illness developed in a patient treated with L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP) and carbidopa for intention myoclonus. The patient had high plasma kynurenine levels that remained high when the L-5HTP-carbidopa combination was discontinued, However, levels rose futher on drug rechallenge, suggesting that the drug unmasked an abnormality in one of the enzymes that catabolize kynurenine. Plasma kynurenine was also determined to be high in seven of 15 patients wth idiopathic scleroderma, but not in eight patients with intention myoclonus treated with L-5HTP and a decarboxylase inhibitor and in whom scleroderma did not develop or in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease treated wth L-dopa and carbidopa. Our data and studies in the literature suggest that two factors may be important in the pathogenesis of some scleroderma-like illness: high plasma serotonin and the abnormality associated with elevated kynurenine. PMID- 6997737 TI - NIH consensus-development statement. Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. The NIH Consensus-Development Panel. PMID- 6997738 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. AB - We assessed the efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in a placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind trial in 1083 homosexual men known to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus infection. The vaccine was found to be safe and the incidence of side effects was low. Within two months, 77% of the vaccinated persons had high levels of antibody against the hepatitis B surface antigen. This rate increased to 96% after the booster dose and remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the trial. For the first 18 months of follow-up, hepatitis B or subclinical infection developed in only 1.4 to 3.4% of the vaccine recipients as compared with 18 to 27% of placebo recipients (P < 0.0001). The reduction of incidence in the vaccinees was as high as 92.3%; none of the vaccinees with a detectable immune response to the vaccine had clinical hepatitis B or asymptomatic antigenemia. A significant reduction of incidence was already seen within 75 days after randomization; this observation suggests that the vaccine may be efficacious even when given after exposure. PMID- 6997739 TI - Importance of HLA-DR matching in cadaveric renal transplantation: a prospective one-center study of 170 transplants. AB - To investigate the influence of matching for HLA-DR antigens in renal transplantation, we assessed the outcome of 170 prospectively HLA-typed cadaveric kidney transplantations performed since 1977 in one center. We found a beneficial effect on graft survival of HLA-DR compatibility between donor and recipient (P < 0.05). A possible effect of matching for the HLA-A and B antigens could be seen only in the HLA-DR-mismatched combinations. Pretransplantation blood transfusions were associated with increased graft survival only in patients receiving HLA-DR mismatched transplants (P < 0.02). We conclude that major emphasis should be placed on obtaining HLA-DR compatibility renal transplantation. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:850-4). PMID- 6997741 TI - Medicaid second-opinion program in Massachusetts. PMID- 6997740 TI - Prostacyclin for unstable angina. PMID- 6997720 TI - Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, edition 6. PMID- 6997742 TI - Medicaid second-opinion program in Massachusetts. PMID- 6997743 TI - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: a comparison of three heparin preparations. AB - We performed a prospective, double-blind study of the incidence of thrombocytopenia in 149 patients randomly assigned to treatment with one of three heparin preparations--from bovine lung from intestinal-mucosa A, or from intestinal-mucosa O. Thrombocytopenia developed in 21 patients (platelets, < 100 x 10(9) per liter): 13 of the 50 receiving bovine lung heparin, four of 45 receiving intestinal-mucosa-A heparin, and four of 54 receiving intestinal-musoca O heparin (P < 0.005). There was a significantly increased incidence of thrombocytopenia in the bovine-lung group (P < 0.002); estimated incidence rates after nine days of treatment were 24 per cent in this group and 7 per cent in the combined intestinal-mucosa A and O groups. Thrombocytopenia appeared in the bovine-lung group on days 3 to 16, in the intestinal-mucosa-A groups on Days 4 to 12, and in the intestinal-mucosa-O group on Days 3 to 7; it disappeared in all groups three to eight days after discontinuation of heparin. A total of 121 patients were subsequently given warfarin for four to six months, and thrombocytopenia was not observed. PMID- 6997744 TI - Minoxidil and the treatment of severe hypertension. PMID- 6997745 TI - Nifedipine for coronary-artery spasm. PMID- 6997746 TI - Reduced skin thickness with pump administration of insulin. PMID- 6997747 TI - False-positive urine ketone test with captopril. PMID- 6997748 TI - Familial insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans, acral hypertrophy, and muscle cramps. PMID- 6997749 TI - MGH trustees say no to heart transplants. PMID- 6997751 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 6997750 TI - Human nutrition: safety and risk. AB - Man has always been existing in an "oecotoxic" environment and he will be existing in the future, though the noxious factors are changing. Today the output of modern chemical industry and its effects on health attract abundant interest. The risks in nutrition derive from imbalanced nutrition, food borne diseases of microbial origin, environmental contaminants, toxicants naturally present in food, food additives, and food allergens, the most important risks seem to connected with false nutrition and with microbial hazards. The toxic burden of modern man by chemicals can not be judged as the overwhelming nutrition health problem. This burden is only one factor, which--on the genetic background- dynamically interacts with innumerable social, cultural and economic factors, with climate, weather, noise, fatigue and relaxation, with health, functional state, special susceptibility, defense or repair capacity, nutritional situation, water intake, biochronological situation, microecology, coergism of xenobiotics and pharmaca, and others. In this biological system the single potential toxicant plays a quite variable role. The regard of a substance as safe poses a difficult task; the weigh between its toxic properties and its advantages, considering its practical use, should aim at the socially acceptable risk. PMID- 6997752 TI - Insulin and antibodies against insulin receptor cap on the membrane of cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 6997754 TI - Species-specific proteins in fossils. AB - With a solid-phase radioimmunoassay it has been possible to detect species specific collagen and albumin fossils as old as 1.9 million years. This technique may provide new data on the genetic relations of fossil species to each other and to living forms. PMID- 6997753 TI - Glial cells in the enteric nervous system contain glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - The complex nervous networks found throughout the mammalian gut--the enteric nervous system--are histologically, ultrastructurally, and, to some extent, functionally--similar to the central nervous system. The glial cells of the small enteric ganglia are generally classified as Schwann or satellite cells, since they are found in the peripheral nervous system, possess nuclei which ultrastructurally resemble those of Schwann cells and are derived from the neural crest. However, it has been argued that these cells resemble astrocytes of the central nervous system with respect to gross and fine structure, and their relationship with the enteric neurones and their processes. In immunohistochemical studies of these cells, both in frozen sections of gut wall and in tissue culture preparations of the enteric plexuses, we found evidence that the enteric glial cells are rich in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a protein associated with the 100 A glial intermediate filaments, and hitherto believed to be specific to astrocytes of the central nervous system only. PMID- 6997755 TI - Metabolic microspheres: origins and evolution. AB - A systematic review of catalytic activities in thermal proteinoids and microspheres aggregated therefrom yields some new inferences on the origins and evolution of metabolism. Experiments suggest that, instead of being inert, protocells were already biochemically and cytophysically competent. The emergence and refinement of metabolism ab initio is thus partly traced conceptually. When the principle of molecular self-instruction, as of amino acids in peptide synthesis, is taken into account as a concomitant of natural selection, an expanded theory of organismic evolution, including saltations, emerges. PMID- 6997756 TI - [Determination of drug concentrations in body fluids; possibilities and limitations. I. Determination of plasma levels as a basis for understanding]. PMID- 6997758 TI - [Knowledge and wisdom, memories of teachers]. PMID- 6997757 TI - [Bacteriuria caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in pregnant women admitted for medical indications]. PMID- 6997759 TI - [Use of radioisotopes for the diagnosis of thromboembolic disorders]. PMID- 6997760 TI - [Morbidity and etiology of diseases transmitted by food in the Haarlem area]. PMID- 6997761 TI - [Burns caused by hot liquids]. PMID- 6997762 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency as a complication of falciparum malaria]. PMID- 6997763 TI - [Infection with Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni; review of the literature and discussion of the epidemilogic aspects]. PMID- 6997764 TI - Improved 'native' renal function after transplantation. PMID- 6997765 TI - Cyclosporin. PMID- 6997766 TI - Porphyrins in chronic renal failure. AB - A highly sensitive thin layer chromatographic assay was used to establish distinct anomalies in hepatic and renal prophyrin synthesis associated with chronic renal failure. Urinary and plasma coproporphyrin disappeared but plasma uroporphyrin (isomer III) levels rose. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis showed elevated red cell protoporphyrin and decreased total stool porphyrins whilst the raised plasma uroporphyrin did not pass into the dialysate, even in 2 cases of overt symptomatic porphyria. These results indicate that urinary coproporphyrin is of renal and not hepatic origin and that azotemia may reduce the activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. PMID- 6997767 TI - Observations on plasma renin substrate in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Literature data on renin in the nephrotic syndrome are conflicting: renin values are reported to be elevated as the rule, but sometimes normal or low; data on renin substrate are scanty and pointing to low values. In the present study, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin substrates (PRS) were measured in 27 episodes of the nephrotic phase in 24 patients with nephrotic syndrome with various lesions. 10 patients were reinvestigated after remission; 1 patient could be followed during development of the edema phase as well as during prednisone induced remission. During the nephrotic phase, PRS was suppressed in 8%, normal in 44 and elevated in 48%, while PRA was suppressed in 41%, normal in 48 and elevated in 11% of the patients. After remission, PRA increased in 70% and PRS decreased in 20 and increased in 50% of the cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate PRA and PRS in nephrotic patients; it is concluded that low PRS and high PRA are not as characteristic for the nephrotic syndrome as they are generally thought to be. PMID- 6997768 TI - [Current methods of radiological diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6997769 TI - A microstereotactic approach to small CNS lesions. Part II; Adjuvant therapy. Clinical potential and toxicity of intraventricular lymph infusion. AB - A technique is described for adjuvant therapy of small central nervous system tumors after their removal. The feasibility of direct application of lymphocytes from the thoracic duct to the ventricular system of cats has been explored. Reduction of the antigenic mass by techniques described in part I of this paper is probably crucial. Patients with gliomas are known to have circulating tumor specific lymphocytes which may not have direct access to the CNS. This study demonstrated no toxicity from the chronic intraventricular infusion of thoracic duct lymph in cats. PMID- 6997770 TI - Ethylene oxide sterilization of bone, dura mater, and fascia lata for human transplantation. AB - The use of allogeneic human bone, dura, and fascia has achieved an enduring and accelerating role in the augmentation of spinal fusions and the repair of skeletal and dural defects. Primary sterilization of these nonviable cadaveric tissues magnifies the potential sources and ensures the microbiological sterility of the implant. Subsequent lyophilization facilitates preservation and distribution and reduces the immunogenicity of the graft. The evaluation of gaseous ethylene oxide (EO) as a sterilant was suggested by the delerious effects of alternative methods. Through a series of experiments, the following properties of EO sterilization were studied: (a) surface and interstitial sterilization; (b) the diffusion of EO into tissue, the formation of the reaction products ethylene chlorohydrin (EC) and ethylene glycol (EG), and the desorption of all three from tissues; (c) lyophilization and aeration in the removal of residues; and (d) minimization of residues through pretreatment. Gaseous EO is a very effective surface sterilant of wet bone, dura, and fascia and does not grossly alter these tissues. Its partial penetration through compact bone renders it less reliable for an interstitial antimicrobial effect, unless access to the interior is provided by serial openings. The toxicity of EO, EC, and EG mandates the desorption through lyophilization of these compounds (EC and EG are formed during sterilization with EO). Before sterilization, bone must be rid of marrow by vigorous irrigation with deionized water. The resultant reduction of the number of cells and of the available chloride decreases antigenicity and the formation of EC. Freeze-drying for more than 72 hours, in some cases augmented by prolonged aeration at room temperature, reduces EO, EC, and EG to acceptable levels. The accurate assay of residues in tissue requires acetone extraction for gas chromatography on rehydrated tissues because extraction of dry tissues gives falsely low results. Rigorous adherence to a protocol incorporating these findings justifies the acceptance of gaseous EO as a safe, relatively rapid, and inexpensive sterilant of bone and soft tissues. PMID- 6997771 TI - Fractures of the sella turcica. AB - Five recent cases of sella turcica fracture examined at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont are reported. These fractures are most commonly associated with frontal or maxillofacial trauma and are complicated by cranial nerve palsies, chiasmatic injury, and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea. The mortality rate with these fractures is high because of the associated brain injury. The importance of a detailed endocrine evaluation to detect developing pituitary abnormalities is also emphasized. The accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of these fractures utilizing plain skull films, tomography, and computed axial tomography is reviewed. the importance of cerebral angiography to evaluate the intracavernous internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery is also emphasized, as is the theoretical basis of the pathological findings associated with these fractures. PMID- 6997772 TI - Spinal cord regeneration: a review of the First International Symposium on Spinal Cord Reconstruction. AB - The proceedings of the First International Symposium on Spinal Cord Reconstruction, held in Las Vegas, Nevada, on January 7 to 11, 1980, are reviewed and summarized. Major problems facing investigators of central nervous system regeneration are discussed. PMID- 6997773 TI - Computerized EEG in schizophrenics. AB - 20 psychiatric patients without pharmacologic therapy and an homogeneous control group of 19 healthy subjects have been submitted to an electroencephalographic (EEG) investigation. Computerized spectral analyses of the main EEG frequency bands have been performed. The spectra have been determined by some geometrical descriptors: the relative activity, the barycentric frequency and the barycentric radius; also classic descriptors have been used as complementary ones. In the EEG profile significant differences between patients and healthy subjects have been found. Some differences have also been observed among subgroups of schizophrenic patients. The geometrical descriptors applied in the EEG analysis are suggested as a useful method in the description of the basic characteristics of the main EEG frequency bands. PMID- 6997774 TI - Ontogeny of substrate pathways and the origin of the neural circuit pattern. PMID- 6997775 TI - [Glial antigens in the tissue culture of rat cerebellum]. PMID- 6997776 TI - [Structural damage of rat brain depending on the degree of hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6997777 TI - Management of rupture in allografted kidneys. AB - Allograft rupture is a rare but serious complication in renal transplantation, occurring in 3 to 8.5% of the transplanted kidneys. The consequences for the recipients are fatal in 6% of the cases and graft loss is the outcome in another 53%. Clinical features and treatment of renal allograft rupture are discussed and illustrated by a case history, in which successful management of this complication resulted in salvage of the graft and patient. A literature study with the purpose of determining the pathogenesis of graft rupture revealed that rejection plays a major role. PMID- 6997778 TI - Case report: infected solitary renal cyst. AB - The case of a patient with a solitary infected renal cyst is described. Although solitary renal cysts appear frequently, it seems that they rarely become infected, as is demonstrated by the fact that from a search of the world literature up to 1978l, only 21 such cases were described. With the current techniques such as arteriography, CT scanning and echography, diagnosis represents no problem. As far as therapy is concerned, it would seem that resection of the cyst wall and drainage is to be preferred over nephrectomy. PMID- 6997779 TI - [Relationships between clinico-therapeutic parameters and immunological status in patients with lung cancer]. AB - 150 patients with lung cancer have been studied from the immunological point of view: the two years that elapsed between the study and processing of the data permitted an evaluation of the prognosis in terms of immunology also. This study has been carried out in vivo by means of skin tests (BCG, PPD, Candida, Varidase, CCB, Mumps, BNCB) and in vitro with lymphocyte blastization in the presence of PHA and dependent antibody cytotoxicity. Serum factors which can interfere with lymphocyte cytotoxicity have also been studied. Peri- and intra-tumour lymphocyte infiltration and the lymph node activation stage have been analyzed in patients who underwent surgery. A real depression of the cell mediated immunity observed in the negative response to skin tests has been found. The study of in vitro parameters showed a deficient blast response in 86% of the cases examined, decreased cytotoxicity in 62% and the presence of inhibiting serum factors in 53%. No correlation was observed between positivity to skin tests, normal response to PHA, normal concentration of inhibiting serum factors on the one hand and survival on the other. The only finding which seems to be correlated with survival is lymphocyte infiltration; its peri- and intrastromal presence on the neoplasia may be associated with a significantly better prognosis. PMID- 6997780 TI - [Amyloidosis. I. Recent findings concerning amyloid substance]. AB - The considerable progress made recently in the study of amyloid substance have led to the identification of numerous organised protein components in typical microfibrillar structures. In spite of the biochemical heterogeneity of fibril proteins, it is still possible to find similar chemicophysical and tintorial features in the various types of amyloid, probably due, at least in part, to the common Beta type molecular configuration, a structure proper to fibril proteins. In so-called primary amyloidosis and in that associated with myelomatous diseases, the principal protein component consists of AL protein, correlated with the light immunoglobulin chains, with which analogies have been observed both in the amino acid sequence and in antigenic characteristics. In secondary amyloidosis, AA protein, which is unrelated to immunoglobulins or other known human proteins, is prevalent. AA protein probably derives from a serum globulin, SAA, whose blood levels increase during numerous pathological processes, particularly in those of neoplastic or inflammatory type. The origin of serum protein, which might be either a normal tissue component released under stimulus or a reagent of the acute phase synthesised ex novo, and its function, which is probably of immunomodulator or more specifically immunosuppressive type, are still to be defined. In all forms of amyloidosis studied, a common observation is the presence of AP protein, organised in pentagonal structures. This protein would appear to derive from a serum component defined as SAP, with a marked affinity for amyloid fibrils. Also identifiable are other forms of amyloid such as APUD-amyloid, which probably derives from polypeptide hormones, and AS amyloid, which is present in some organs of elderly patients and is biochemically identifiable at cardiac level with A(SCA) protein. Still awaiting definition in amyloid tumours or amyloidomas is the precise chemical composition of deposited proteins. PMID- 6997781 TI - New reversible hydrocolloid for recording the retracted gingival sulcus in fixed prosthodontics: laboratory and clinical evaluation. PMID- 6997782 TI - In memory of Isidore Teich 1893-1980. PMID- 6997783 TI - Investment matricing: a technique for inlay castings. PMID- 6997785 TI - Histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase activity using GMA-Quetol 523 embedding by photopolymerization. PMID- 6997784 TI - Anemia and menstrual blood loss. PMID- 6997786 TI - New embedding method employing n-butyl and n-hexyl methacrylates for light microscopy. PMID- 6997787 TI - Tumor-associated antibodies in the serum of patients with ocular melanoma. IV. Correction for smooth muscle antibodies. AB - Serum samples from patients with choroidal malignant melanoma, carcinoma metastatic to the choroid and "normal" controls containing tumor-associated antibodies (TAA) to tissue cultured melanoma cells were examined for the presence of smooth muscle antibody (SMA). Sera found to contain SMA were absorbed with actin or thrombosthenin and reassayed for TAA. With this modification, 72% (78% before absorption) of patients with uveal melanoma, 26% (78% before absorption) of patients with carcinoma metastatic to the choroid and 13% (24% before absorption) of "normal" controls were found to have tumor-associated antibodies in their serum. PMID- 6997788 TI - Lymphoma of the vitreous associated with renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. AB - A renal transplant patient presented with a uveitis unresponsive to high doses of steroids. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed for diagnosis. Light and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma of the vitreous. Six percent of the renal transplant recipients develop tumors. This frequency is 100 times greater than the general population. Reticulum cell sarcoma is the predominant type being 350 times more common in renal transplant recipients than in the general population. The patient was taking immunosuppressive drugs which depress the immunologic surveillance. Antigenic neoplastic cells may arise by somatic mutations and may proliferate producing neoplasms with loss of the surveillance mechanism. The case presented illustrates that persons immunosuppressed may develop an eye tumor presenting as uveitis. PMID- 6997789 TI - Extended wear hydrogel lenses. Long-term effectiveness and costs. AB - During the period 1976-79, 1,201 of 1,552 aphakic patients were successfully fitted with third generation extended wear hydrogen lenses of thin-membrane design (CSI? lens) and highly hydrated polymer design (Permalens,?Sauflon?) without significant or permanent visula loss. Between 79% and 82% of the patients who failed did so in the first 90 days, and thereafter failure rates declined with time. Replacement rates for lenses approximated one lens per eye per year. Rates of required removal for cleaning varied. Ten to 13% of patients required cleaning at less than three-month intervals, and 5-6% at less than one month. For average patients with unilateral devices and no complication, extended wear lenses in Georgia are estimated to cost approximately three times as much as an intraocular lens over a 20-year follow-up period. General advantages ofextended wear third generation lenses include: (1) an acceptably savce and visually effective way to correct aphakia when patients are carefully selected, fitted, educated, and followed; (2) can be easily removeed, refitted or updated as technology advances; and (3) will not replace intraocular lenses, but can be used when implantation is contraindicated and should prevent the need for secondary or bilateral implantation or keratophakia in most cases. PMID- 6997790 TI - Management of anterior segment complications of intraocular lenses. AB - Corneal edema was found in 24 of 43 eyes with anterior segment complications of intraocular lenses. Keratoplasty was performed in 20 eyes. Three eyes required other surgical therapy for edema while medical treatment of edema was done in one case. Thirty-two lenses were removed because of pain, inflammation, bleeding or glaucoma. Nineteen of these were removed at the time of keratoplasty. Three eyes were enucleated because of absolute glaucoma, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. PMID- 6997791 TI - Reconstructive keratoplasty in the management of conditions leading to corneal destruction. AB - Progressive corneal destruction of varying causes can result in pathologic changes that are incompatible with globe survival. Reconstructive keratoplasty and scleroplasty, in combination with other procedures, can be attempted as an alternative to enucleation, evisceration or spontaneous phthisis bulbi. The results of 50 reconstructive keratoplasties in 36 patients with severe corneal destruction are presented with one- to twenty-two year follow-up. Ninety-nine percent of the eyes were salvaged, 69% have clear grafts, 86% are visually improved and 51% achieved acuity of 20/100 or better. PMID- 6997792 TI - Control of pain resulting from endodontic therapy: a double-blind, placebo controlled study. AB - The efficacy of mefenamic acid, aspirin, and a placebo for control of postendodontic pain was compared in a double-blind, randomized study of 150 patients. Medication was begun immediately prior to the endodontic therapy and continued for a total of eight doses. The results were analyzed in terms of the patients' assessments of postendodontic pain, the need for additional analgesic medication, and the patients' and investigator's evaluations of drug efficacy. The results indicate that mefenamic acid was well tolerated. Mefenamic acid was equal to, or exceeded, aspirin in ability to control postendodontic pain in every comparison made. The converse was never true. Mefenamic acid was statistically superior to placebo in every comparison made. Aspirin was not consistently superior to the placebo. Under the conditions of this trial, it can be stated that, for control of pain following simple endodontic therapy, mefenamic acid rather than aspirin is the drug of choice. PMID- 6997794 TI - [Treating asthmatic patients by relaxation]. PMID- 6997793 TI - Replantation of enzymatically treated teeth in monkeys. Part I. AB - Chemical alterations in cementum of avulsed teeth may be implied as a causative factor in their eventual resorption when replanted. Root surface decalcification, with subsequent enzymatic deletion of glycoproteins and cross linking of cementum collagen, results in little or no root resorption for up to 3 months after replantation. PMID- 6997795 TI - [The effect of Klion (metronidazole) on the anaerobic flora of the colon]. PMID- 6997796 TI - [Remembering Prof. Soma Beck on the 50th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 6997797 TI - [Pal Kovacs (1808-1866), the 1st Hungarian physician-writer academician]. PMID- 6997798 TI - [The grey eminence of surgery: Prof. Janos Loessl]. PMID- 6997799 TI - [Treatment of chronic urticaria with Corontin forte]. PMID- 6997800 TI - [125th anniversary of the birth of Emil v. Behring]. PMID- 6997802 TI - [Freud, Ferenczi and the periodical Nyugat]. PMID- 6997803 TI - Milestone 25 jogs memory, recalls changes. PMID- 6997801 TI - [Lajos Jozsef Czapkay (1818-1882)]. PMID- 6997804 TI - [In memoriam Prof. Guido Fanconi]. PMID- 6997805 TI - [Autoimmunhemolytic anemia in infancy (author's transl)]. AB - Autoimmunhemolytic anemia in childhood can be divided into two main groups according to the length of the illness: an acute, transient form and a chronic, prolonged one. The etiopathology of the illness is still unknown. It is most postable that there is a connection with virus infections, whereby the antibodies, appearing within the framework of an immunological reaction, are to be considered as a secondary response to the infection. It could not, unfortunately, be proved in the case of our patient that there had been a virus infection. The role of immunodefects in the case of the acute form is currently being discussed in the more recent literature and the point als made that genetic defects are possible in the connection. PMID- 6997809 TI - [Centenary of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Kirov Military Medicine Academy of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner]. PMID- 6997807 TI - Tribute to Sir Ludwig Guttmann (3 July 1899 to 18 March 1980). PMID- 6997808 TI - [Renin secretion by rat and rabbit kidneys under the influence of prostaglandins]. PMID- 6997806 TI - Antispasmodic activity of rociverine. Manometric findings and controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6997810 TI - In memoriam: W. Horsley Gantt, M.D. 1892-1980. PMID- 6997811 TI - Covert behavior and mental processes in Russian psychology. PMID- 6997812 TI - Review of the shaping of a behaviorism (B.F. Skinner). PMID- 6997813 TI - Acute circulatory failure in children. AB - Circulatory failure exists when tissue metabolic demand exceeds availability. The most common cause of inadequate perfusion in children is hypovolemia. If recognized and treated early, hypovolemic shock responds readily to volume expansion. For those patients who do not respond, intelligent recommendations for pharmacologic support of the circulation are based on evaluation of hemodynamic parameters which include indices of flow, pressure, and resistance. PMID- 6997814 TI - Postburn respiratory injuries in children. AB - Respiratory tract injury is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and prolonged hospitalization in fire casualties. Direct insults include inhalation of superheated gas, steam, smoke, or toxic fumes. Indirect injury may result from interference with the mechanics of respiration. Pulmonary injuries result from sepsis, fluid overload, endogenous reactive substances, and "shock lung," and also occur secondary to metabolic disturbances resulting from hypoxia. PMID- 6997816 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure: modes of action in relation to clinical applications. AB - Some physical effects of CPAP are discussed, as are the various devices used for CPAP in infants. Some of the controversies about CPAP may be related to the unsuitability of certain techniques. Use in hyaline membrane disease, extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway obstruction, congestion of overperfusion of the lungs in diseases of the heart and great vessels, apnea repetens of immaturity, and phrenic nerve palsy is presented. PMID- 6997815 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in children. AB - Respiratory distress syndrome is the clinical manifestation of injury to the terminal alveolar-capillary unit, and may result from a variety of nonpulmonary insults including shock, sepsis, and trauma. The clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in children are reviewed. PMID- 6997819 TI - Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity as a function of age in normal children. AB - In 149 children between 6 days and 15 years of age, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (PA) were measured by radioimmunoassay and plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase activity (DBH) by the method of Nagatsu. PRA and PA decreased with age from 496 +/- 119 ng/1/min for PRA and 643 +/- 158 pg/ml for PA in 6 to 30 day old newborns to 37.8 +/- 4.7 ng/1/min for PRA and 43. 1+/- 8.3 ph/ml for PA in 9 to 15 year-old children. DBH increased with age from less than detection limit values (< 2 IU) in 6 day to 3 month-old newborns to 17.2 +/- 5.1 IU in 9 to 15 year-old children. In addition a significant relationship was found between PRA and PA (log PA = 0.99 log PRA -0.058, r = 0.732, n = 104, p < 0.001) and PRA and DBH (log DBH = -0.41 log PRA +1.62, r = 0.404, n = 80, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the opposite evolution of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and of the sympathoadrenal system during development. PMID- 6997817 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in phenylketonuria. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 6 adult patients with phenylketonuria both on a low phenylalanine and an unrestricted institutional diet. Tolerance tests included PO glucose, PO phenylalanine, and combined glucose phenylalanine loading. Glucose, insulin, pyruvate, lactate, and phenylalanine were sampled at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr. Fasting glucose levels were normal as were mean glucose values after challenge. Basal insulin secretion, as well as insulin response, to glucose challenge and to combined phenylalanine and glucose loading appeared normal. Insulin response to phenylalanine alone, however, was lower than expected in the phenylketonuria patients. Both off and on low phenylalanine diet, blood pyruvate and lactate were also normal. Thus, our data from blood did not show evidence of the abnormalities in glucose and pyruvate metabolism which have been proposed to occur in phenylketonuric patients but did not suggest that the potency of phenylalanine as an insulin secretagogue is diminished by chronic hyperphenylalaninemia. PMID- 6997818 TI - Effects of furosemide and acute salt loading on vasopressin and renin secretion in the fetal lamb. AB - Circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) and plasma renin activity responses to furosemide (2 mg/kg) and acute hypertonic saline (10 mEq/kg) were studied in the fetal lamb from 100 days gestation to term. The baseline to peak plasma AVP response (delta 3.7 +/- 1.2 uU/ml) and area under the response curve (209 +/- 57 uU/ml/65 min) in the fetal lambs > 123 days were greater than in those < 106 days gestation (delta 1.8 +/0 1.1 and (171 +/- 61, respectively), P < 0.02. The plasma renin activity/AVP ratio after furosemide was similar in the two gestational groups. The log plasma AVP responses corrected for rise in plasma osmolality (0.090 +/- .01 uU/ml) 30 min after infusion, and the area under the response curve (253 +/- 49 uU/ml/30 min) was greater (P < 0.02) in the fetal lambs > 120 days than in those under 115 days gestation (.035 +/0 0.01 and 88 +/0 29, respectively), P < 0.02. These results confirm that the fetal lamb responds to an osmotic stimulus with increased plasma AVP levels and documents that this response significantly matures during the last trimester of gestation. The fetal lamb also manifests a hypothalamus-posterior pituitary AVP response to furosemide that is proportional to the maturing renal renin response. PMID- 6997820 TI - Choline incorporation into lecithin in response to insulin or dexamethasone in homogeneous cell cultures of rat lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. AB - Labeled choline incorporation into adult rat lung alveolar epithelial cells and adult rat lung fibroblasts in monolayer culture was determined after incubation with insulin (Ins) 10 micrograms/ml, Dexamethasone (Dex) 10(-6)M, or no drug (ND). Incubation periods were 1, 3, 4, and 5 hours. The lecithin (phosphatidyl choline - PC) recovered was separated inot disaturated phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) and unsaturated phosphatidyl choline (USPC). Results expressed as specific activity per hour (see Table) indicate that the incorporation of choline into PC and USPC was greater in fibroblasts (F) than in epithelial cells (E) whether ND, Dex or Ins was present. For incorporation into DSPC, there was no difference between E and F whether ND, Dex or Ins was present. There was significant increase in choline incorporation into PC or USPC for both cell types when Ins was present, whereas there was no difference for either cell type when Dex was present. Insulin significantly increased choline incorporation into DSPC in E cells only. Dex was no different from ND in DSPC incorporation in either cell type. We attribute the greater lecithin synthesis of the F cells to a more rapid increase in cellular structural lipids in the fibroblast cell. Dex had no effect on either cell type possibly from the short-term exposure or possibly because the effect of dexamethasone on alveolar epithelial cells is mediated by product(s) from other lung cells, and thus requires a mixed cell culture to have its effect. We suggest that further study of isolated homogeneous cell lines will not be fruitful in the evaluation of mechanisms of acceleration of lung maturation. PMID- 6997821 TI - [Morphological state and the activity of dipeptidyl peptidases and disaccharidases of the intestinal mucosa in children with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU)]. PMID- 6997822 TI - [Epidemiology of peptic ulcer in children in the Lodz-Baluty district during the years 1968-1978]. PMID- 6997823 TI - [Effect of furosemide in experimental studies an in children with various diseases]. PMID- 6997824 TI - [Metabolism and toxicity of drugs used during pregnancy and perinatal period]. PMID- 6997826 TI - [Complement system in glomerulonephritis. 1. General aspects]. PMID- 6997825 TI - [Genetically determined abnormal reactions to drugs]. PMID- 6997827 TI - [Ibn Sina and childhood diseases]. PMID- 6997828 TI - [Phenobarbital-induced forms of rickets]. PMID- 6997829 TI - [Problems of rheumatism, endocrine and nervous diseases in children in the works of V. I. Molchanov and his students (on the 110th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6997830 TI - [Preliminary clinical studies on the use of metronidazole as a radiosensitizing agents]. PMID- 6997831 TI - Down memory lane: escape from Alsace. PMID- 6997833 TI - Plastic surgery: a patient in a flap. PMID- 6997832 TI - Pancreatic transplantation: the start of something new. PMID- 6997834 TI - [Usefulness of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 6997835 TI - [Atrioventricular block in acute myocardial infarct - indications for intracardiac stimulation]. PMID- 6997836 TI - [Various aspects of digoxin treatment]. PMID- 6997837 TI - [Current state of therapeutic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 6997838 TI - [Glomerulonephritis. I. General pathomorphology and classification principles according to the World Health Organization]. PMID- 6997839 TI - [Current classification of clinical forms of ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 6997840 TI - [Urgent problems of leprosy control]. PMID- 6997841 TI - [Role of coronary arterial spasm in the etiology of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6997843 TI - [Ascites and pleural effusion of pancreatic origin]. PMID- 6997844 TI - [Use of adrenergic beta receptor blockaders in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6997842 TI - [Effect of oral contraceptives on the circulatory system]. PMID- 6997846 TI - [Colonic diverticulosis]. PMID- 6997845 TI - [Ergometric test in sympatheticotonia after administration of propranolol, pindolol, verapamil and oxazepam]. PMID- 6997847 TI - [Use of radioisotopes for the evaluation of coronary circulation]. PMID- 6997848 TI - [Aortofemoral bypass using Wesolowski's method]. PMID- 6997849 TI - [Plastic surgery of recurrent ventral hernia by means of free band-shaped skin transplants]. PMID- 6997850 TI - [Intestinal reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 6997853 TI - Antibody production and Escherichia coli resistance in socially stable flocks of dwarf and nondwarf chickens. AB - Dwarf and normal pullets from lines that had undergone selection for divergence in juvenile body weight were maintained in cages as socially stable flocks. Antibody titers were measured at 6 and 14 weeks of age and an Escherichia coli challenge was administered at 16 weeks of age. There was a significant line by dwarf genotype interaction with dwarfs having lower antibody titers than normal pullets in the low weight line and higher antibody titers in the high weight line. The mortality of dwarfs from the low weight line to an Escherichia coli challenge was much higher than that of any other group. These results were consistent with those from previous experiments where the Escherichia coli challenge was given to hens in single cages. PMID- 6997852 TI - Production and persistence of antibodies in chickens to sheep erythrocytes. 2. Resistance to infectious diseases. AB - A line of chickens selected for ability to product high antibody titers to sheep red blood cells exhibited stronger antibody to Newcastle disease, was more resistant to Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Eimeria necatrix, a splenomeglia virus, and feather mites and less resistant to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection than a line selected for a lack of ability to produce antibody titers. A line of chickens selected for a nonpersistance of antibody titers to sheep red blood cells was relatively more susceptible to all infectious agents tested than a line selected for a persistence of atibody titers. PMID- 6997854 TI - The removal of egg shell membranes by enzyme treatment to facilitate the study of shell microstructure. AB - A procedure is described for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the outer shell membrane of hen eggs using a nonspecific protease. This method is less rigorous than the conventional method of boiling in NaOH and it eliminates the possibility of damage to shell fragments during removal of the adhering membrane. PMID- 6997851 TI - Urethral stricture. PMID- 6997855 TI - [Resocialization of drug addicts--discussion of previous treatment approaches]. PMID- 6997856 TI - In memoriam Professor Willard B. Elliott. 1923 - 1980. Associate Editor, Preparative Biochemistry, 1971 - 1980. PMID- 6997858 TI - Alternate procedure for the preparation of the coenzyme A-synthesizing protein complex of Bakers' yeast. AB - The coenzymes A-synthesizing protein complex (CoA-SPC) of Bakers' yeast synthesizes coenzyme A in an in vitro system from the precursors ATP, D pantothenic acid and L-cysteine. CoA-SPC has been produced on a small scale by freezing Bakers' yeast cells in a mixture of diethyl ether and solid CO2, followed by a thawing period, and subsequent removal of the diethyl ether by vacuum. The resulting yeast lysate was then stirred for 18 h in the presence of t Factor to solubilize CoA-SPC. When a greater quantity of CoA-SPC was needed, the danger associated with the use of a large volume of diethyl ether was apparent. Therefore, the freezing step involving diethyl ether and solid CO2 has been replaced by a process of slowly drying fresh Bakers' yeast until approximately 34% of the initial weight of the yeast remained as dry solids. The yeast solids were ground to further disrupt the cell wall and membrane structure. The grinding step was followed by rehydration of the dry yeast solids with deionized H2O and stirring the rehydrated yeast for 18 h to solubilize CoA-SPC. PMID- 6997857 TI - Isolation of renin granules from rat kidney cortex by isotonic or hyperosmotic metrizamide-sucrose gradients. AB - The crude renin granules isolated from rat kidney cortex were purified using iso osmotic metrizamide-sucrose gradients having osmolalities ranging from 300 mOsm/kg (= isotonic) to 1700 mOsm/kg. The density gradients were centrifuged at 116,000 g (maximum) for 60 min. 1. Working at 22 degrees-25 degrees C gave similar results as working at 0 degrees-4 degrees C. Hence further experiments were performed at room temperature. 2. The density of renin granules, mitochondria and lysosomes was a linear positive function of the log of osmolality. 3. It was not possible to separate renin granules from mitochondria at 300 mOsm/kg since both the organelles equilibrated at 1.154 kg/l. A reproducible separation was achieved at 850 mOsm/kg or higher but then the major fraction of lysosomes was superimposed on renin granules. Microsomes were always lighter than renin granules. 4. As compared with the total homogenates, renin/protein ratio was increased six-fold renin/malic acid dehydrogenase ratio 21-fold and renin/beta-glucuronidase ratio 3.5-fold. 5. Finally it was demonstrated that renin granules purified at high osmolalities tend to lyse when transferred into an isotonic medium. PMID- 6997859 TI - A novel chromatographic method for the preparation of high density lipoproteins. AB - High density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated by a procedure employing polyanion precipitation and column chromatography. The product polyanion precipitation and column chromatography. The product was free of low denisty lipoproteins (LDL) but serum albumin (HSA) was still present. The remaining HSA was removed by an immunoadsorbent column. The HDL isolated by our method was compared to another HDL preparation isolated from the same plasma sample by the combination of ultracentrifugation and gel chromatgraphy. It was found to have approximately the same lipid and protein composition as the HDL isolated by conventional techniques. Minor differences included a higher phospholipid and apoprotein E content and lower triglyceride and ApoC II content of the HDL isolated by column chromatography. The method described here is considerably less tedious than earlier techniques, can be scaled up without substantial increase in labor and results in an approximately 30% higher yield than the method described by Rudel et al. PMID- 6997860 TI - A novel method for culturing epithelial cells on a biological substrate. AB - A device of a new dish for the culturing of cells on a biological substrate, the eye lens capsule, is described. With the aid of this dish it is possible to investigate the possible interrelationships between the cell substratum and various biochemical characteristics of the cell. It is shown that the protein biosynthetic pattern differs between lens cells cultured on lens capsule as a substrate and cells cultured on foil. Moreover, the new dish opens the possibility to culture epithelial cells on a lens capsule, which gives an alternative to the culture of these cells on a collagen substrate. PMID- 6997861 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes insipidus]. AB - Plasma renin activity (PR) and plasma aldosterone level (PA) were investigated in 38 patients with central diabetes incipidus under conditions of standard sodium intake and after a three-day reduction of sodium in the diet with an additional furosemide load. Blood was recovered for examination in the morning under complete rest and after a two-hour slow walk. Apparently healthy volunteers (20) served as control. The PR and PA content was determined by the radioimmunological method. Not only the basic, but also the stimulated renin secretion was increased in patients with diabetes incipidus. The basic PA level was significantly diminished; after stimulation its level did not differ from that in healthy persons. At rest and with decreased sodium intake the patients displayed two types of PR activity: in some (n=18) there was no elevation, and in other (n=19) the rise was marked. It is supposed that in diabetes incipidus hyperreninemia was compensatory, directed to water retention in the organism; apparently it participated in the mechanism of hypovolemic thirst. An unusual combination of increased PR with diminished PA level is described for the first time. PMID- 6997862 TI - [Interaction of biotin with complex form of insulin from donors and patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6997863 TI - [Effect of insulin on thrombocyte procoagulating activity]. PMID- 6997864 TI - [Results of a cooperative clinical study of leumase]. PMID- 6997865 TI - [Intensive chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6997866 TI - [Results of controlled clinical trials of intensive isoniazid therapy]. PMID- 6997867 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of the tuberculin-leukocytolysis reaction in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6997868 TI - Senile dementia and its borderlands. PMID- 6997869 TI - Pharmacotherapy of senile dementia. PMID- 6997870 TI - Codon recognition rules in yeast mitochondria. AB - The mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for 24 tRNAs. The nucleotide sequences of the tRNA genes suggest a unique set of rules that govern the decoding of the mitochondrial genetic code. The four codons of unmixed fmilies are recognized by single tRNAs that always have a U in the wobble position of the anticodon. The codons of the mixed families are read by two different tRNAs. Codons terminating in a C or U are recognized by tRNAs with a G and codons terminating in a G or A are recognized by tRNAs with a U in the corresponding positions of the anticodons. There are two exceptions to these rules. In the AUN family for isoleucine and methionine, the isoleucine tRNA has a G and the methionine tRNA has a C in the wobble position. The tRNA for the arginine CGN family also has an A in the wobble position of the anticodon. It is of interest that the CGN codons have not been found in the mitochondrial genes sequenced to date. The simplified decoding system of yeast mitochondria allows all the codons to be recognized by only 24 tRNAs. PMID- 6997871 TI - REgulation of insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes: correction for bound hormone fragments linearizes Scatchard plots. AB - Fragments of 125I-labeled insulin (125I-insulin) are rapidly produced after the initial cell binding process. After association of 125I-insulin with hepatocytes, hormone fragments remain bound to cells. At 23 degrees C, approximately 20% of the label bound at steady state was soluble in trichloroacetic acid. Correction of saturation experiments for the presence of bound trichloroacetic acid-soluble insulin fragments decreased the number and increased the affinity of 125I-insulin binding sites. Label extracted from cell pellets recovered from saturation experiments was characterized by gel filtration; 59%, 55%, 40%, and 36% of the bound label was from intact hormone after recovery from incubation mixtures containing 0.18, 0.60, 4.6, and 7.5 nM applied 125I-insulin, respectively. At high applied 125I-insulin concentrations, the hormone predominantly interacted with lower affinity degradation systems. When binding data were corrected to assay for undegraded 125I-insulin only, curvilinear Scatchard plots were linearized. The insulin receptor is therefore not composed of heterogeneous or negatively cooperative sites. It is necessary to correct for retained fragments of 125I-insulin in order to define mechanisms through which hormone binding and cellular response may be regulated. PMID- 6997872 TI - Semisynthesis and biological activity of porcine [LeuB24]insulin and [LeuB25]insulin. AB - Two analogs of porcine insulin with substitutions of leucine for phenylalanine in the COOH-terminal region of the insulin B chain have been prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and semisynthesis. Solid-phase synthesis of the substituted octapeptides B23-B30 bearing the trifluoracetyl group on lysine B29, enzymatic coupling of the octapeptides to bis(tertiary butyloxycarbonyl)desoctapeptide insulin by trypsin, and deprotection of the corresponding adducts in formic acid and piperidine resulted in two insulin derivatives, one with leucine at position B24 and the other with leucine at position B25. These analogs had only about 10% and 1%, respectively, of the activity of porcine insulin in competing for the binding of [125I]iodoinsulin to both rat adipocytes and human IM-9 lymphocytes. The relative potencies of the analogs in stimulating glucose oxidation by rat adipocytes decreased in the order porcine insulin > [LeuB24]insulin > [LeuB25]insulin. However, at high concentrations both analogs had full agonists activity. Experiments in which the semisynthetic insulins were mixed with the native hormone showed that [LeuB24]insulin, but not [LeuB25]insulin, was an active antagonist of insulin action. These results suggest that the antagonistic activity of a human insulin variant having leucine at position B24 or B25 can be assigned to the molecule with the sequence Gly-Leu-Phe-Tyr (residues B23-B26) in its active site. PMID- 6997874 TI - Identification of an N2 line protein of striated muscle. AB - Three unusually large myofibrillar proteins (Mr, > 500,000) are present in major amounts in the striated muscle of various species. the molecular properties and localization of two of these proteins (Mr, approximately 1 X 10(6)), named "titin," have been reported recently [Wang, K., McClure, J. & Tu, A.(1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 3698-3702]. We have now purified the third protein (Mr, approximately 5-6 X 10(5)), designated "band 3," from rabbit psoas myofibrils. Band 3 is distinct chemically and immunochemically from titin and myosin heavy chain. Immunofluorescent localization studies of band 3 in glycerinated rabbit psoas myofibrils indicated a biphasic distribution. In sarcomeres 1.8-3.7 micrometer long, band 3 is localized predominately on the N2 line in the phase contrast lucent region of the I band. Quantitative analysis of light micrographs confirmed the unique behavior of N2 lines described in early electron microscopic studies. As the sarcomeres lengthen, the N2 line moves away from both the Z line and the M line, maintaining the same proportional distance. In very short sarcomeres (1.5-1.8 micrometer), band 3 is found mainly in the A band, suggesting that either the N2 line moves into the A band or that band 3 has dissociated from the N2 line which remains near the Z line. We conclude that band 3 is an N2 line component of rabbit skeletal myofibrils. PMID- 6997873 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of single amino acid substitution mutants of aspartate carbamoyltransferase. AB - In order to isolate functional Escherichia coli aspartate carbamoyltransferase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC2.1.3.2) with single amino acid replacements, a series of pyrB nonsense mutants has been isolated. These nonsense mutants were induced by 2-aminopurine mutagenesis and selected by a combination of antibiotic treatments, direct enzyme assays, and suppressibility tests. Suppression of the pyrB nonsense mutation with various suppressors, which insert different amino acids, has resulted in the formation of a series of mutant aspartate carbamoyltransferases, each differing in one amino acid from the wild type enzyme. After partial purification, kinetic studies revealed that some of the mutant enzymes had altered homotropic and heterotropic interactions. The mutants that had a tyrosine insert showed the most pronounced changes, followed by those with a serine insert. The mutants having a glutamine insert, howevr, were indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme, supporting the conclusion that, because of the specificity of the mutagen, the glutamine insert had regenerated the wild-type enzyme. PMID- 6997875 TI - Four sizes of transcript produced by a single sea urchin gene expressed in early embryos. AB - This report concerns a set of sea urchin egg and embryo transcripts complementary to a single-copy region of a cloned DNA fragment (Sp88). Three distinct 16-cell embryo polysomal RNA species were found to hybridize with this fragment. These RNAs are about 1700, 3000, and 4000 nucleotides (nt) in length, and the same species were identified in unfertilized eggs. A significant fraction of all three species of the egg and early embryo transcripts is polyadenylylated. At gastrula stage Sp88 transcripts are almost completely confined to the nucleus [Lev, Z., Thomas, T. L., Lee, A. S., Angerer, R. C., Britten, R. J. & Davidson, E. H. (1980) Dev. Biol, 75, in press]. The Sp88 transcripts of gastrulae are present as a fourth RNA species approximately 5800 nt in length. The four species share a sequence element of cloned DNA fragment that is about 1000 nt long. These RNAs constitute a set of alternative partially overlapping transcripts from the same genomic region. PMID- 6997876 TI - pH-dependent fusion between the Semliki Forest virus membrane and liposomes. AB - Semliki Forest virus was mixed with liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. When the pH of the mixture was dropped to 6 or below, rapid fusion between the membranes of the virus and the liposomes occurred, resulting in the transfer of viral nucleocapsids into the liposomes. Fusion was demonstrated biochemically by trapping RNase or trypsin within the liposomes. Trapped RNase digested the viral RNA into acid-soluble form, providing a simple quantitative assay for fusion. Trapped trypsin digested the viral capsid protein. Fusion was also demonstrated by electron microscopy as the formation of large vesicles containing viral glycoproteins on the surface and nucleocapsids inside. The efficiency of fusion was 91 +/- 6%. In addition to low pH, it required that the viral glycoproteins be intact. In the target liposomes, cholesterol (but none of the individual phospholipids) was essential. Divalent cations were not required. Our previous studies with tissue culture cells indicated that the final step in the penetration of the Semliki Forest virus genome into host cells might involve a fusion event between the membrane of lysosomally trapped viruses and the lysosomal membrane [Helenius, A., Kartenbeck, J., Simons, K. & Fries, E. (1980) J. Cell Biol, 84, 404--420]. The data presented here are fully compatible with this hypothesis. PMID- 6997878 TI - The cytoskeleton of digitonin-treated rat hepatocytes. AB - Treatment of isolated rat hepatocptes with low concentrations of digitonin increases the permeability of the plsma membrane to cytosolic proteins without causing release of organelles such as mitochondria into the surrounding medium. Electron microscopy showed that treatment of the cells with increasing concentations of digitonin results in a progressive loss in the continuity of the plasma membrane, while most other aspects of cellular morphology remain normal. Depletion of background staining material from the cytosol by digitonin treatment of the cells greatly enhances the visualization of the cytoskeleton. The use of this technique, together with immunofluorescent light microscopy, has verified the presence of an actin-containing filamentous network at the hepatocyte cortex as well as intermediate filaments distributed throughout the cell. Digitonin is thus useful both for selectively permeabilizing the plasma membrane and for intensifying the appearance of intracellular structures such as microfilaments that are normally difficult to observe in cells such as hepatocytes. PMID- 6997879 TI - Further characterization of brain cholecystokinin-converting enzymes. AB - The brain cholecystokinin-converting enzymes that cleave intact cholecystokinin to its COOH-terminal dodecapeptide and octapeptide also cleave the synthetic dipeptides Arg-Ile (or Arg-Val or Arg-Leu) and Arg-Asp, respectively. Thus, they are not hormone-specific enzymes but are bond-specific. Ultracentrifuge studies demonstrate that there is Arg-Ile hydrolase activity associated with a protein greater in molecular weight than gamma globulin and that both Arg-Ile and Arg-Asp hydrolase activities are associated with one or more proteins between albumin and gamma globulin in molecular weight. PMID- 6997877 TI - Covalent structure of human haptoglobin: a serine protease homolog. AB - The complete amino acid sequences and the disulfide arrangements of the two chains of human haptoglobin 1-1 were established. The alpha 1 and beta chains of haptoglobin contain 83 and 245 residues, respectively. Comparison of the primary structure of haptoglobin with that of the chymotrypsinogen family of serine proteases revealed a significant degree of chemical similarity. The probability was less than 10(-5) that the chemical similarity of the beta chain of haptoglobin to the proteases was due to chance. The amino acid sequence of the beta chain of haptoglobin is 29--33% identical to bovine trypsin, bovine chymotrypsin, porcine elastase, human thrombin, or human plasmin. Comparison of haptoglobin alpha 1 chain to activation peptide regions of the zymogens revealed an identity of 25% to the fifth "kringle" region of the activation peptide of plasminogen. The probability was less than 0.014 that this similarity was due to chance. These results strongly indicate haptoglobin to be a homolog of the chymotrypsinogen family of serine proteases. Alignment of the beta-chain sequence of haptoglobin to the serine proteases is remarkably consistent except for an insertion of 16 residues in the region corresponding to the methionyl loop of the serine proteases. The active-site residues typical of the serine proteases, histidine-57 and serine-195, are replaced in haptoglobin by lysine and alanine, respectively; however, aspartic acid-102 and the trypsin specificity, residue, aspartic acid-189, do occur in haptoglobin. Haptoglobin and the serine proteases represent a striking example of homologous proteins with different biological functions. PMID- 6997881 TI - Stage-specific proteins and glycoproteins of plasmodium falciparum: identification of antigens unique to schizonts and merozoites. AB - Establishment of highly synchronized cultures of Plasmodium falciparum enabled identification of stage-specific proteins, glycoproteins, and antigens. Comparison of metabolically labeled constituents of rings, trophozoites, mature schizonts, and merozoites indicated the absence of major proteins or glycorproteins unique to rings or trophozoites. A burst of new synthetic activity occurred during schizogony when several schizont- and merozoite-specific proteins and glycoproteins became apparent. In addition to the knob protein, which was previously shown to be associated with protrusions on the host erythrocyte membrane, a major glycoprotein of parasite origin was identified on the surface membrane of schizonts. Analysis of antigens solubilized from different developmental stages indicated that immune sera, which inhibit growth of parasites in vitro, react mainly with merozoite- and schizont-associated antigens. PMID- 6997880 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, a marker of granulocyte differentiation. AB - By using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, the distribution of poly(ADP ribose) synthesis in human blood cells was investigated. The antibody used was reactive with poly(ADP-ribose) larger than trimers. The specific immunofluorescence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized in situ from NAD+ was observed in nuclei of lymphocytes and monocytes in normal peripheral blood. No immunofluorescence, however, was detected in granulocytes and erythrocytes. In agreement with this finding, no incorporation of radioactivity from [adenine 14C]NAD+ into acid-insoluble material was detectable in nuclei isolated from granulocytes. In normal bone marrow, the immunofluorescence of poly(ADP-ribose) was not observed in myelocytes or in their descendants but was observed in nuclei of lymphocytes and erythroblasts. Myelocytes and mature granulocytes in peripheral blood as well as in bone marrow of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were totally negative in the polymer-specific immunofluorescence. In marked contrast, prominent fluorescence was observed in nuclei of myeloblasts that appeared in peripheral blood as well as in bone marrow of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Myeloblasts appearing in peripheral blood of patients in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia also showed the nuclear immunofluorescence. These results suggest that the capacity for synthesizing poly(ADP-ribose) serves as a marker of differentiation of granulocytes, and its immunohistochemical analysis may be useful for differential diagnosis of leukemias, especially in blastic crisis. PMID- 6997884 TI - Intracellular localization of core and envelope proteins of Venezuelan encephalitis virus by immunofluorescence. PMID- 6997883 TI - Enkephalin and fear-motivated behavior. AB - Leu[Enkephalin (400.0 micrograms/kg) and the enkephalin analog [DAla,DLeu]enkephalin (0.4, 4.0, and 40.0 micrograms/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to rats 5 min before they were trained on aversively motivated tasks. The peptides impaired acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response, facilitated acquisition of an inhibitory avoidance response, and had no effect on acquisition of a swim-escape response. The data indicate that the enkephalin effects are not mediated through actions on locomotor activity, pain perception or reactivity, or light sensitivity. Rather, we suggest that [Leu]enkephalin and its analog strengthen the tendency of rats to suppress behavior in the presence of cues previously associated with aversive stimulation. This effect may be due to an enkephalin-induced increase in fear or arousal. The enkephalin effect on behavior was obtained at low doses and was observed within a few minutes after administration. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that enkephalin effects may be initiated at a peripheral site. PMID- 6997882 TI - Inborn errors of molybdenum metabolism: combined deficiencies of sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in a patient lacking the molybdenum cofactor. AB - A patient suffering from a combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase (sulfite dehydrogenase; sulfite:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.2.1) and xanthine dehydrogenase (xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.37) is described. The patient displays severe neurological abnormalities, dislocated ocular lenses, and mental retardation. Urinary excretion of sulfite, thiosulfate, S-sulfocysteine, taurine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine is increased in this individual, while sulfate and urate levels are drastically reduced. The metabolic defect responsible for loss of both enzyme activities appears to be at the level of the molybdenum cofactor common to the two enzymes. Immunological examination of a biopsy sample of liver tissue revealed the presence of the xanthine dehydrogenase protein in near normal amounts. Sulfite oxidase apoprotein was not detected by a variety of immunological techniques. The plasma molybdenum concentration was normal; however, hepatic content of molybdenum and the storage pool of active molybdenum cofactor present in normal livers were below the limits of detection. Fibroblasts cultured from this patient failed to express sulfite oxidase protein or activity, whereas those from the parents and healthy brother of the patient expressed normal levels of this enzyme. PMID- 6997885 TI - Renal vasodilatation caused by captopril in conscious normotensive and Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. PMID- 6997887 TI - Effect of glycerol-induced hypertonicity on plasma renin concentration in humans. PMID- 6997888 TI - Renal pressure-flow relationships in severely hypertensive rabbits. PMID- 6997886 TI - Specific antibody to human renal renin and its cross-reactivity with inactive human plasma prorenin. PMID- 6997889 TI - Dopaminergic Modulation of renin activity and aldosterone and prolactin secretion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 6997890 TI - [Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Wackenroder, 8 March 1798-14 September 1854. A biographical contribution to the history of the Jena Pharmaceutical Institute]. PMID- 6997891 TI - [What is photopharmacology, and what can it do?]. PMID- 6997892 TI - The pathopharmacology of malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 6997893 TI - Primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 6997895 TI - Salutary effects of prostacyclin in endotoxic shock. AB - Endotoxin shock was induced in anesthetized cats with E. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg, i.v.) This produced a severe decline in mean arterial blood pressure and a marked decrease in superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAF) within 1 h. The plasma activity of cathepsin D, a lysosomal protease, increased 6-fold by 2 h. At 5 h, myocardial depressant factor (MDF), a toxic of 0.75 nmol.kg-1.min-1 dilated the splanchnic circulation and significantly increased SMAF. In addition, PGI2 almost completely prevented the accumulation of cathepsin D and MDF in the circulating blood of cats given endotoxin. These findings suggest that PGI2 exerts a variety of beneficial actions in endotoxin shock including vasodilation and stabilization of lysosomal membranes. In addition, PGI2 is known to prevent platelet aggregation and suppress thromboxane formation, two additional effects that may be of positive survival value in endotoxin shock. PMID- 6997894 TI - Sodium and hypertension. A review of the role of sodium in pathogenesis and the action of diuretic drugs. PMID- 6997896 TI - Mechanisms of reaction of hemeproteins with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation of organic substrates. PMID- 6997897 TI - Kinetics of hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase systems. PMID- 6997898 TI - Mechanisms of transmembrane transport in isolated cells and their experimental study. PMID- 6997899 TI - Biotransformation of xenobiotics in the fetus. PMID- 6997900 TI - Background on manual artificial respiration and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Addendum: Background on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6997901 TI - In memory of our visiting professor: Walter B. Cannon at Peking. PMID- 6997903 TI - Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in rats with obesity-inducing hypothalamic knife cuts. PMID- 6997902 TI - Neural control of ovulation. PMID- 6997904 TI - Insulin as a satiety hormone. PMID- 6997905 TI - [New pharmacologically interesting natural substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997907 TI - Thromboxane A2 in blood vessel walls and its physiological significance: relevance to thrombosis and hypertension. AB - It has been thought that blood vessels apart from the umbilical artery produce little or no thromboxane (TX) A2. However selective inhibitors of TXA2 biosynthesis have substantial effects on vessel physiology, suggesting that small amounts of TXA2 may be important in regulating function. This indirect evidence is now supported by direct measurements of TXB2 (the produce of TXA2 conversion) using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and radioimmunoassays. At least four independent laboratories have now demonstrated TXB2 production by various blood vessels. These studies suggest that vessel wall TXA2 is present in amounts more than adequate to exert biological actions on both vascular reactivity and on platelets. This may require re-evaluation and revision of present concepts of hypertension and thrombosis. PMID- 6997906 TI - Radioimmunological assay of prostacyclin synthetase activity. AB - A radioimmunoassay for 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha has been developed. 6 Oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha antiplasma was produced in rabbits by repeated immunization with 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha coupled to bovine serum albumin. [125I] -labelled hapten with high specific radioactivity was prepared by radioiodination of 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate followed by purification with thin layer chromatography. The antibodies showed good specificity toward 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha and crossreacted only significantly with prostaglandin F1 alpha. The radioimmunoassay was applied to the determination of prostacyclin synthetase activity in swine aorta microsomes using arachidonic acid and prostaglandin H2 as indirect and direct substrates. The enzyme assay was validated by the criteria that the formation of 6 oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha, immunoreactivity from either substrates was both time and enzyme protein dependent, and was inhibitable by specific inhibitors of the enzyme system. PMID- 6997908 TI - Effect of trapidil on prostacyclin generation of arterial wall. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been reported to be a labile but potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a powerful vasodilator. This paper reports the effect of trapidil on PGI2 generation in rat aorta by means of bioassay system. The aortic ring was incubated in 0.05 M Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.5) for 10 min. This incubation medium was added into human PRP, and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 min., and ADP was added. PGI2 activity was assayed by the inhibitory percentage of ADP induced platelet aggregation. When the aortic ring was incubated in a medium containing trapidil, PGI2 generation was accelerated. This acceleration was inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin. Moreover, the aortas of rats intravenously injected with 30 mg/kg of trapidil were incubated in the same way, and PGI2 activity in the medium was estimated. More potent PGI2 activity was observed in the aortas of rat treated with trapidil compared with the controls. These results indicate that acceleration of PGI2 generation from aorta by trapidil is involved in the mode of action of this drug of thrombus formation. PMID- 6997909 TI - Effect of low dose prostacyclin infusion on blood flow in acutely ischemic canine myocardium. AB - The effect of low dose prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion (0.025 to 0.035 microgram/kg per min) on regional blood flow distribution in acutely ischemic left ventricular myocardium was studied in nine open-chest anesthetized dogs. Blood flow was measured using left atrial injection of "15" micron radioactive microspheres 30 minutes following ligation of one to four branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery and again 7 to 9 minutes later during continuous PGI2 infusion when mean aortic pressure was reduced by 11 mmHg (P < 0.005). Heart rate, cardiac output, left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures and coronary sinus PO2 were unchanged during PGI2 administration. PGI2 had no effect on transmural flow in either ischemic (0.32 +/- 0.05 (SE) ml/min per g) or non ischemic (0.82 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g) myocardium. The regional distribution of blood flow in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium was also unchanged during PGI2 administration. Specifically, ischemic tissue subendocardial flow (0.21 +/- 0.05 ml/min per g) was not increased (0.20 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g). We conclude that low dose PGI2 infusion reduces systemic pressure but has no effect on either the transumral or regional distribution of blood flow in acutely ischemic canine myocardium. PMID- 6997911 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathy]. PMID- 6997910 TI - Pitfalls in management of fingertip injuries and hand lacerations. AB - Fingertip injuries and lacerations of the hand are often dismissed as inconsequential, although this attitude can lead to more serious problems. Appropriate and timely treatment of these injuries prevents loss of function, preserves digital sensibility, and lessens the need for reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6997913 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of cocaine dependence]. PMID- 6997915 TI - George Libman Engel: on the occasion of his retirement. PMID- 6997912 TI - [Principles in the treatment of mental disorders in Russia in the 19th century]. AB - Right ways of intercourse with psychiatric patients in a psycho- and sociotherapeutic manner were in the last century the only effective way of their treatment. The organisation of psychiatric care developed in an interaction between social factors and theoretical views of psychiatric science. In Russia were attempted socio- and psychotherapeutical methods both inside and outside the psychiatric hospital. By acquitance of westeuropean experiences in psychiatric were developed and spreaded mostly methods of psychiatric organisation. PMID- 6997916 TI - [Types of self-contemplation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997914 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of brain diseases]. PMID- 6997917 TI - The arrangement of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic microcirculation observed in the living rabbit. AB - 1. The microcirculation of the pancreas in the anaesthetized rabbit was examined by in vivo microscopy and micro-cinephotography. 2. The islets of Langerhans were identified by their appearance following the systemic injection of diphenylthiocarbazone. 3. Arterial injection of Evans blue demonstrated the arrangement of vessels within the pancreas. Blood leaving the islets passed via capillaries into the capillary meshwork; no islet was ever seen to be drained directly by a vein. 4. This significance of this portal arrangement is discussed. PMID- 6997918 TI - Chronic otitis media. PMID- 6997921 TI - Establishing a total quality assurance program in diagnostic radiology. AB - Radiology departments are being required to establish functioning quality assurance programs in all areas. This article discusses methods and resources for the establishment of a total quality assurance program which meets current federal recommendations for equipment specifications, acceptance testing, staff inservice education, and performance monitoring of photographic, x-ray, and ancillary equipment. PMID- 6997919 TI - Monomerization of pyrimidine dimers in DNA by tryptophan-containing peptides: wavelength dependence. PMID- 6997922 TI - Roster of affiliates: American Society of Radiologic Technologists. PMID- 6997920 TI - Protection by glycerol against the biological actions of near-ultraviolet light. PMID- 6997923 TI - [The child's skeleton following renal transplant. A correlation of the radiographic findings to the amount of parathormone (author's transl)]. AB - The skeletal X-rays (magnification radiography of hand, pelvis, knee and shoulder joint) of 20 children before and after successful kidney transplantation were compared with the parathormone concentrations measured in the interval closest to the roentgenological examination. In 19 children, renal osteodystrophy existed before kidney transplantation, which was diagnosed based on the following radiographic findings of varying frequency: rarefaction and fuzziness of the spongiosa, fraying of metaphysical ends, widening of the growth plates, subperiosteal resorption and acroosteolysis. The parathormone concentrations were definitely increased before kidney transplantation. After kidney transplantation the abnormal radiographic findings receded corresponding to normalisation of the parathormone concentrations. Nevertheless, in 14 out of 19 children a rarefaction of the spongiosa remained, the cause of which is presumed to be steroid therapy. PMID- 6997924 TI - Predictors of late hospital death in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Although death from ischemic heart disease occurs in the majority of cases within 24 hr of a new clinical event, study of patients selected by admission to hospital shows a mortality pattern in which most deaths from myocardial infarction happen after the first day. In one hospital, over the last 2 yr, 46% of deaths from infarction have happened from the fourth day onwards. Introduction of a coronary-care unit in this hospital has reduced hospital mortality in patients under 70 yr of age from approximately 21% in 1966-1967 to 13% in 1977 1979, mainly because of improved treatment of arrhythmias. With the decline of cardiac arrhythmias as a mode of dying in hospitals, mechanical complications of shock and cardiac failure now account for up to two-thirds of hospital deaths, with cardiac rupture probably next in importance, accounting for 15%-20% of deaths. Of these 3 mechanisms, death from cardiac failure is most likely to be "late" (from the fourth day onwards). Shock and cardiac failure are directly related to massive destruction of left ventricular myocardium. Therefore, major efforts aimed at reduction of late hospital mortality should be directed towards therapeutic measures, initiated very early after the onset of infarction, which might protect the threatened myocardial tissue and restrict infarct size. PMID- 6997925 TI - Intracardiac electrophysiologic studies as a method for the optimization of drug therapy in chronic ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 6997926 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography and the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6997927 TI - [Multi-stage carcinogenesis-application to cancer prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997928 TI - [The role of H-Y antigen in primary sex determination of mammals (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997929 TI - Ovarian hormones inhibit the release of prostacyclin-like material from isolated rat uterus. AB - The influence of sex steroids on the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) like material by the isolated rat uterus incubated in a buffer medium was explored by monitoring its ability to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Chopped uterine strips from rats in natural estrus can generate an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation and suggest to be prostacyclin. This capacity was significantly enhanced in preparations from spayed animals. The injection of 17-beta estradiol; progesterone or both diminished the production of the prostacyclin-like material by the uterus from ovariectomized rats. The already existing notion that ovarian steroids are able to regulate the synthesis of stable prostaglandins is discussed together with the present results suggesting in addition a depressive effect of sex hormones on the uterine PGI2 synthetase system. PMID- 6997930 TI - Potentiation of anti-aggregating activity of PGI2 by 7-ethoxycarbonyl-6,8 dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone (EG-626) in rabbit platelets in vitro. AB - Anti-aggregating activity of 7-ethoxycarbonyl-6,8-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1(2H) phthalazinone (EG 626) was tested using rabbit platelets in vitro. EG-626 alone, when added before, prevented platelet aggregation induced by ADP, as did PGI2, papaverine and dipyridamole. Spontaneous disaggregation was also accelerated when EG-626 was added after the maximal aggregation induced by ADP. EG-626 alone also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid. ID50s of these agents in ADP-induced aggregation were 7-9 nM for PGI2, 223 microM for EG 626, 266 microM for papaverine and 957 microM for dipyridamole. When EG-626 was used in combination with PGI2, a threshold dose (50 microM) of EG-626 potentiated the antiaggregation effect of subthreshold dose (3 nM) of PGI2 upto 100% inhibition in collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The marked potentiating effect of EG-626 was accompanied by an accumulation of cyclic AMP in the platelets. These effects might be due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Papaverine and dipyridamole, other phosphodiesterase inhibitors, also potentiated the anti-aggregating activity of PGI2. The activity of papaverine, however, was one eighth of EG-626 and that of dipyridamole was much less. The most effective combination of PGI2 and EG-626 to induce 50% inhibition was obtained with 20% of ID50 of each agent, whereas that of PGI2 and papaverine or dipyridamole was 39 or 41%, respectively. PMID- 6997931 TI - [Psychoanalysis in ethnology. A report on the literature]. PMID- 6997932 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone. I. Physiology, physiopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997933 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of catergen (Zyma) in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997934 TI - Some aspects of feeding habits under laboratory conditions of Triatoma sordida (Stal. 1859) and Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). PMID- 6997935 TI - [Susceptibility of different evolutive stages of Triatoma sordida ((Stal, 1859) and Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954, to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 6997936 TI - [Reservoirs and wild vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. LXXV: Study of strains of T. cruzi isolated from opossums of the genus Didelphis]. PMID- 6997937 TI - [Infant mouse test for the assay of thermostable (ST) enterotoxin from Escherichia coli. Histological studies and influence of mice age (author's transl)]. AB - Mices with different ages ranging 1 to 60 days old were inoculated with thermostable (ST) enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, either by intragastric injection through the abdominal wall or by intubation. Doses were proportional to body weight and values obtained for intestines/carcass weight ratios (RI/C) of inoculated mice showed that mice remained susceptible to the enterotoxin up to 16 days old, with RI/C values equal or greater than 0.085. Older mice were completely resistant to ST activity as RI/C values demonstrated. Histological observations showed that whole gut's fixation of inoculated mice was absolutely necessary since any handling of intestinal loops evoked artifactual alterations. Even though, alterations were found, probably of mechanical nature, caused by intestinal distension consequent to the increased fluid volume into gut's lumen. These alterations did not differ from those observed for both cholera and LT-E. coli enterotoxins, characterized by lymphatic and blood vascular dilatation within mucosae lamina propria, eventually shrinkage of lamna propria just below the epithelium as well epithelial's vacuolizations. PMID- 6997940 TI - Lewis Libman Engel. 1909--1978. PMID- 6997938 TI - [Sepsis caused by streptococcus agalactiae in an adult]. PMID- 6997941 TI - Multihormonal regulation of casein gene expression at the transcriptional and posttransciptional levels in the mammary gland. PMID- 6997939 TI - [Effects of halothane on the activity of plasmatic renin in the decerebrate cat]. PMID- 6997943 TI - Synthesis, cloning, and expression of hormone genes in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6997944 TI - Cortoic acids: explorations at the frontier of corticosteroid metabolism. PMID- 6997942 TI - Hormonal domains of response: actions of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones in regulating pleiotropic responses in cultured cells. PMID- 6997945 TI - Early events in the biosynthesis of secretory and membrane proteins: the signal hypothesis. PMID- 6997946 TI - Human growth hormone: a complex of proteins. PMID- 6997948 TI - Antioxidant-mediated increases in the antifungal activities of amphotericin B and its methyl ester derivative. AB - Although antioxidants enhanced the antifungal properties of both amphotericin B and its methyl ester derivative, the effect was significantly more pronounced with amphotericin B. This disparity is explained on the basis of differences observed in the dynamics of drug action. PMID- 6997947 TI - Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites: relationship to estrogen receptors and estrogen responses. PMID- 6997949 TI - The effects of added dietary iron in various forms on mice inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The susceptibility of mice to intraperitoneal infection with 10(4.8) living bacteria of three strains of Salmonella typhimurium was measured in groups fed either a basal, nutritionally adequate diet or the same diet to which had been added ferric iron in one of six forms: ferric sulphate or chloride (FeS), ferric ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (FeE), ferric nitrilotri-acetate (FeN), ferric fructose (FeF), ferric diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (FeT) and ferric ethylenediamine di (O-hydroxyphenylacetate) (FeD). FeN and FeF significantly increased the survival rate of male but not female mice. This protective effect of FeN was not influenced by its concentration in the diet over the range tested, 25 to 800 mg of Fe per kg of diet. FeN had to be given a week before infection to produce the effect and it was associated with a reduced rate of multiplication of salmonellae. FeE significantly decreased the survival rate of both male and female mice, and greatly reduced the survival time of mice that died. The deleterious effect of FeE increased with its concentration in the diet and with the time for which it had been fed, and it was associated with very rapid bacterial multiplication. FeT gave results similar to those of FeE, while FeS and FeD had hardly any effect. PMID- 6997951 TI - Malakoplakia of the lung: a report of two cases. AB - We have presented the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of 2 patients with pulmonary malakoplakia. The histologic features, including diagnositc Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, were identical to those in the urinary tract where malakoplakia is recognized as an abnormal cellular response to chronic bacterial infection. Both patients were immunocompromised: one a cardiac transplant, the other a patient with Hodgkin's disease. The lesions were focal and showed some response to antibiotic therapy, although other disease processes progressed in both patients. Malakoplakia should be added to the list of unusual infections occurring at unusual sites in compromised hosts. PMID- 6997953 TI - [Base excess versus bicarbonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997954 TI - [Report on the activities of the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion on the occasion of its 33rd anniversary]. PMID- 6997950 TI - The protection of rabbits against the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever by inactivated vaccines. AB - Cell-free virulent malignant catarrhal fever virus inactivated by either formalin or acetylethylenimine (AEI) and administered with Freund's complete adjuvant protected rabbits against two consecutive parenteral challenges with cell-free virus. However 'protected' rabbits succumbed within 20 days to later inoculation of infected rabbit lymph node suspensions. Both inactivated vaccines evoked high titres of neutralising and immunofluorescent antibody, but more of the rabbits given the AEI preparation showed pyrexia after the first challenge with cell-free virus. The degree of protection afforded was compared with that induced by inactivated antigens of other herpesviruses which cause lymphoproliferative disorders PMID- 6997955 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) extraction from peripheral plasma using bentonite and its measurement by radioimmunoassay during the menstrual cycle and in menopause. PMID- 6997957 TI - [1879-1979 centennial of the library of the Dental School of Paris, the French Center of Odontostomatological Information]. PMID- 6997956 TI - [Bone marrow transplant in aplastic anemia. Report of the first case in Mexico (author's transl)]. PMID- 6997952 TI - [Recent development in the studies of prostaglandins]. PMID- 6997958 TI - [Errors of the periodontal evaluation of abutment-bearing teeth]. PMID- 6997959 TI - [Errors of preparation of fixed prosthetics]. PMID- 6997961 TI - [Laboratory errors in fixed prosthetics]. PMID- 6997960 TI - [Errors of impression-making]. PMID- 6997962 TI - [Errors of the concepts of bridgework]. PMID- 6997963 TI - [Errors in occlusion]. PMID- 6997964 TI - Influence of protein binding of antibiotics on serum pharmacokinetics and extravascular penetration: clinically useful concepts. AB - Critical evaluation of existing data on binding of antibiotics to serum proteins and on pharmacokinetics provides several useful principles for administration of antibiotics. With the exception of the aminoglycosides, antibiotics distribute with total body water, and the concept of a variable apparent volume of distribution leads to incorrect assumptions about restricted extravascular penetration. Antibiotics with a high degree of binding to serum proteins are not necessarily inferior; raising a given drug's binding to serum proteins from 0 to 90% reduces the concentration of free drug in serum and tissue by only one-half. The concentration of an antibiotic in extravascular fluid is essentially constant despite the marked variability of serum levels seen during intermittent administration of the drug. An important factor in determining a successful therapeutic response is maintenance of the level of free antibiotic in extravascular fluid above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting organism. Finally, the extravascular distribution, tissue binding, and free-drug concentration of an antibiotic can be accurately predicted from serum kinetics and serum protein binding. PMID- 6997966 TI - Vaccine adjuvants. AB - Nonreplicating, purified subunit or synthetic viral vaccines of the future are likely to be weak immunogens that will require immunopotentiation if they are to be effective. These marginal vaccines could be improved by combination with potent and safe immunologic adjuvants. The use of adjuvants should also reduce the amount of purified antigen required for successful immunization, thus making vaccine production more economical and more feasible. It may be possible to combine the recently developed relatively nontoxic synthetic immunoregulators of low molecular weight with antigens in order to modulate preselected compartments of the immune system. To date, the question of adjuvant safety has not been resolved and represents the major obstacle to the orderly development of adjuvanted vaccines. The fear of inducing cancer and other immediate or long-term perturbations of the immune system must be patently and rationally overcome by basic and applied experimentation and by the development of appropriate guidelines for studies in humans. PMID- 6997965 TI - Viral vaccination via the mucosal routes. AB - Viral vaccines have been successfully administered by the mucosal route for two decades now. However, only in the last 10 years have the concepts involved in mucosal immunocompetence been well characterized. It is apparent that the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and the immunocompetent cells present in ocular tissue, conjunctiva, nasopharynx, genital tract, and secretions of the mammary glands represent the components of the common mucosal immune system. The predominant immunologic activity in the external mucosal surfaces is associated with secretory IgA and T lymphocytes, with variable contributions from other immunoglobulins and macrophages. Evidence presented in this review suggests that immunization via the mucosal routes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts is the most effective means of inducing effective immunity in the mucosal surfaces as well as in the systemic tissues. Available experience with mucosal immunization with poliovirus, rubella virus, measles virus, and adenovirus vaccines in humans and with other viral vaccines in animals is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6997967 TI - Prevention of infections with respiratory syncytial virus: the hopes and hurdles ahead. AB - Control of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by immunization poses special problems. First, the peak period of serious illness due to RSV is during the first few months of life, and thus a vaccine would have to be administered during the neonatal period. Second, we understand little of the pathogenesis of and immunity to RSV disease in newborns, and an immune reaction may even play a role in the development of the lower respiratory tract disease seen in infancy. Third, immunity to RSV is imperfect even after naturally acquired, severe infection of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, it is difficult to envision a vaccine that is safe in the infant and that will engender more complete immunity than the disease itself. However, if the goals are limited to protection of certain high-risk groups or to protection of infants during the first year of life only, immunization might be both feasible and effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this ubiquitous virus. PMID- 6997968 TI - Considerations of the risk of influenza in children and indications for prophylaxis. AB - The development of effective prophylaxis against influenza virus infections presents a special challenge. Stimulation of a protective response apparently requires more than one exposure to the virus. The virus may then change its surface antigens to render ineffective previously acquired immunity. Ideally, artificial prophylaxis should stimulate better protection than does natural infection and should anticipate antigenic change. Children experience the highest morbidity, accompanied by considerable risk, during influenza epidemics. At the same time, children in school and day care are the most important disseminators of virus in the community. Consideration should be given to providing protection for all children against influenza when effective methods and strategies have been found. Such prophylaxis would decrease not only morbidity and serious disease in children but also the risk of exposure of high-risk adult patients. PMID- 6997970 TI - Type B hepatitis: a review of current prospects for a safe and effective vaccine. AB - Several subunit vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been developed and either are being evaluated or soon will be evaluated for their ability to prevent HBV infection in humans. Most of these preparations consist of highly purified, 22-nm spherical particles of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that have been extracted from the plasma of chronic carriers of HBV and inactivated with formalin. Extensive testing in humans and chimpanzees showed these vaccines to be free of residual HBV or other harmful agents and to be capable of stimulating the production of protective antibodies to HBsAg in the majority of recipients. Successful immunization of those at highest risk, e.g., babies of HBV-infected mothers, can be expected to have a major impact on the enormous, worldwide problem of hepatitis B infection and its sequelae. PMID- 6997969 TI - Use of temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted mutant viruses in immunoprophylaxis of acute respiratory tract disease. AB - Efforts currently are underway to develop mutations in the influenza A viral genome that will bring about a satisfactory level of attenuation and that can be identified by simple in vitro techniques. Two types of donor viruses that bear such mutations are being evaluated. One donor virus possesses temperature sensitive (ts) mutations on the P1 and P3 genes, while the other donor bears both ts and cold-adaptation (ca) mutations. The mutant genes from these donors were transferred by gene reassortment to recombinant viruses bearing the surface antigens of new epidemic or pandemic viruses, and in every instance a satisfactory level of attenuation was achieved. However, genetic instability remains a formidable problem. Temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus also have been evaluated for their usefulness in immunoprophylaxis of respiratory tract disease. Although the desired mutant has not been identified, some progress has been made. PMID- 6997971 TI - [Neuropsychic manifestations of toxoplasmosis in renal allotransplant patients]. PMID- 6997972 TI - [Mechanical suture by stapling in colon or ileo-rectal anastomosis for malignant and benign lesions of the large intestine]. PMID- 6997973 TI - A comparative study of diclofenac and sulindac in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6997974 TI - Allergic perennial and non-allergic, vasomotor rhinitis treated with budesonide nasal spray. AB - A recently synthetized, highly active, non-halogenated steroid, budesonide, in the form of a nasal spray was tested on 21 patients with an allergy demonstrated by means of cutaneous or RAST tests and 15 patients without allergy; these patients were further divided into two groups, 22 with nasal eosinophillia and 14 patients without. There was a significant effect on both patients with vasomotor as well as allergic rhinitis, and in patients with nasal eosinophilia, while this was not the case in the group without eosinophilia. Nasal eosinophilia must be considered an inexpensive and important diagnositic tool for the clarification of perennial rhinitis. PMID- 6997975 TI - Metabolic "responders" and "non-responders" to muscular exercise in diabetes. AB - The metabolic effects of muscular exercise (bicycle ergometer, 75 watts, 15 min) were studied in 16 healthy controls and 49 diabetics distributed into three groups. The first two groups included insulin-dependent diabetics three hours after administration of insulin (group A, 24 cases) or 12--18 hours after the last insulin dose (group B, 18 cases). Group C included 7 non insulin-dependent diabetics. According to the glycemia response, the patients were listed as: high responders (greater than 20% below the initial values), low responders (10-20% fall) and non-responders (increase or less than 10% decrease). The data obtained show that, in most cases, in the presence of insulin, exercise has a hypoglycemic effect and, in its absence, a hyperglycemic one. To a lesser extent, the fall in glycemia may be attributed to an apparently insulin-independent mechanism. Exercise can only be indicated (in high-responders) or contraindicated (in non responders) after a routine tolerance test. PMID- 6997977 TI - Constructional apraxia of drawing in patients with vascular or tumoral injury of the right hemisphere. PMID- 6997978 TI - Plasma noradrenaline concentration in hypertensive and normotensive forty-year old individuals: relationship to plasma renin concentration. AB - Forty-year-old individuals with labile and with mild sustained essential hypertension, identified during a survey of a population born in 1936, were investigated. None had ever received antihypertensive treatment. In thirty-three individuals (26 M, 7F) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg at the very first examination and in thirty-one (14 M, 17 F) randomly selected normotensive controls plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNAC) was measured at rest supine. In twenty-two patients (16 M, 6 F), with sustained diastolic hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg on at least three different occasions) and in twenty-four (14 M, 10 F) normotensive controls PNAC and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were measured supine at rest and again 2 h after furosemide and ambulation. Basal and acutely stimulated values for PNAC and PRC were identical in hypertensive and normotensive individuals. A close correlation between PNAC and PRC after acute stimulation (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) as well as between the absolute changes from resting to acutely stimulated values (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) were found in the hypertensive individuals. It is concluded that sympathetic nerve activity, as defined from measurements of plasma noradrenaline concentration, is similar in young patients with mild hypertension and in normotensive controls. We propose that the discrepancies found in the literature might be related to a lack of comparability between hypertensive and normotensive individuals studied, as far as the source of study populations is concerned. PMID- 6997976 TI - The "large cell" malignant lymphomas. A retrospective morphological analysis. AB - A series of 69 cases of "large cell" non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas is reviewed. Based only on morphological criteria, eight groups of such lymphomas are described: four of them with a highly reproducible diagnosis and other four more difficult to compare with categories described by other authors. The importance of morphological classifications of malignant lymphomas is discussed. PMID- 6997979 TI - Plaque inhibition by guanidino propyl piperazine (CKO 569A). AB - The plaque inhibiting effect of the antibacterial substance, guanidino propyl piperazine (CKO 569A) has been analized in a clinical study of 10 adults. Plaque formation was enhanced by three daily rinses with 15% sucrose. Normal hygiene was performed. The effects of a twice daily mouthwash of 30 s duration with 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05% CKO 569A, 0.05% chlorhexidine and a placebo on plaque formation were compared through a registration of plaque scores. Each solution was tested over a period of 5 days. As a result of this study it could be concluded that in humans CKO 569A is an effective inhibitor of plaque, and that lingual plaque scores appear to be a good indicator of plaque inhibiting activity. PMID- 6997981 TI - Application of scanning electron microscopy to diagnostic pathology. A critical review. AB - A survey with critical comment of the present state of SEM knowledge is given for those internal organs that are most important for the surgical and anatomical pathologist. With the exception of microanalysis, today SEM does not aid diagnosis by the pathologist because the SEM results are, at present, not certain enough to justify their application to a diagnosis with clinical consequences where the same results can be obtained by the accustomed LM and TEM with their respective adjuvant techniques like histochemistry or immune histology. In the future, SEM will only be established as an essential diagnostic tool when SEM reveals hitherto unknown morphological patterns which can be related to clinical syndromes; some suggestions are made where this can be achieved. PMID- 6997980 TI - An improved dental casting investment. AB - In the present investigation a gypsum-bonded investment is presented with negligible setting expansion and a thermal expansion of 1.7%. This investment can and should be used without a steel casting ring. In combination with an earlier described die-spacing technique the new investment facilitates the production of gold inlays and crowns which, independent of type, will show a suitable degree of loose-fit in or on the preparations in the patient's mouth. PMID- 6997982 TI - Cardiovascular sutures as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Nine types of commercial sutures were investigated with respect to their suitability in cardiovascular surgery involving anastomosis of arterial prostheses. Polyester, nylon, silk and polypropylene in the form of multifilaments and monofilaments with or without coatings were included. The gross structure of the suture and the needle, the uniformity of the fibres and the coatings, the mechanical properties, before and after surgical use and the quality of the resulting anastomoses in canine models were evaluated. Although all surveyed products were potentially usable for the purpose intended, some appeared more suitable. Intraoperative damage to the sutures was found to be extensive and may play an important part in the long-term security of the anastomoses. PMID- 6997983 TI - Model system for the study of inital damage to arterial endothelial cells in situ by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The central artery of the rabbit ear was injected with either 1 ml of control or test solutions in a model system which allowed for the study of effluent fractions coming from a segment of the artery and for the examination of the vessel by electron microscopy. The procedure allowed for either mixing of blood with the test solution ("flow by") or injection of the solutions in the absence of blood ("no flow by"). Effluent fractions were collected and assayed for 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and indicator of PGI2 production. After the collection of effluent fractions, the artery was perfused with 1% glutaraldehyde to begin fixation. Ultrastructural damage to endothelial cells was seen, by SEM, in a graded response to sodium arachidonate solutions at concentrations between 6.6 and 3.3 mM ("flow by"); and between 3.3 and 0.83 mM ("no flow by"). Lower concentrations of arachidonate did not cause damage. Damage included enucleation, separation or denudation of endothelial cells. Sodium linoleate produced similar damage. A burst of PGI2 production appeared to be associated with arachidonate-damaged endothelium. Injection of sodium arachidonate at lower concentrations (0.33 mM and 0.165 mM) resulted in continuous production of PGI2 over a period of 1 to 5 minutes. PMID- 6997984 TI - Endothelial integrity at aortic ostial flow dividers. AB - Previous investigators have examined the luninal surfaces of perfusion fixed rabbit aortas and reported endothelial damage about aortic ostial flow dividers. These changes have been considered to represent in vivo endothelial injury predisposing to atherosclerosis at these sites. Although standard pressure perfusion fixation techniques were used by these investigators, the fixed aortas were usually cut, bent open and pinned to flat surfaces before viewing. Such procedures distort the aortic media and could result in artifactual endothelial disruptions. We therefore studied the effect of post-fixation aortic manipulation on luminal surface morphology about aortic ostia. Rabbit aortas were fixed by perfusion in situ, while intra-aortic pressure was continuously monitored. When the aortas were opened by means of two parallel, lateral, longitudinal cuts, so that bending and pinning was avoided and normal vessel curvature was maintained, no endothelial disruption occurred about aortic ostia. When aortas were opened with one cut, bent open and pinned flat, ostial flow dividers were somewhat stretched and elongated and there was endothelial disruption in the form of spindle cell formation at the center portion of the flow dividers. Endothelial deformation due to bending during pinning probably occurs preferentially at the flow dividers because the media is thickest at this point. The greater deformability at the adjacent media and differences in compliance between media and intima results in stretching, bending and plication of the intima over the projecting flow divider. Studies attempting to relate endothelial changes to differences in shearing stress about ostia must take into account deformations introduced by post-fixation manipulation. PMID- 6997985 TI - Cell surface changes in preneoplastic and neoplastic epithelium. AB - Reviewed are studies on alterations of the plasma membrane of neoplastic epithelial cells. Changes in the plasma membrane are probably of unique importance in the major clinical manifestations of cancer. Discussed are sequences in cell membrane changes in vivo and in vitro in both human tumors and chemical-induced animal models of carcinogenesis. Emphasis is placed on alterations in specializations of the plasma membrane, including cell junctions, antigenic and enzyme markers, intramembranous components, ion regulation, and the cytoskeleton. In general, the plasma membrane of neoplastic cells is less specialized than the cell of origin. In mammalian bladder, pleomorphis microvilli may occur concomitant with neoplastic transformation. Cell junctions in tumor cells may be reduced in number of functional characteristics compared to normal cells, which may affect cell-cell communication. Such alterations may be related to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Normal membrane antigens may be lost or new ones gained in neoplasia. Thus, ABO blood group antigens may be lost in the case of human bronchus and bladder, while carcinoembryonic antigen occurs de novo in tumors of the colon and lung. Similarly, several marker enzymes may be reduced in activity, or appear de novo. Alterations in the number and pattern of distribution of intramembranous particles have been observed in bladder tumors, possibly related to changes in membrane function. Shifts in ion ratios (Na+/K+/Ca++) within neoplastic cells may result in abnormalities in cell shape, cell movement, and cell-cell communication. Many of these changes may reflect defects in function of the Golgi apparatus, which synthesizes components of the plasma membrane. Alterations in one or more components of the cytoskeleton may adversely affect cell shape, mobility of membrane proteins, cell-cell adhesion, etc., and play a major role in malignant cell behavior. PMID- 6997986 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of brain ventricular surfaces: a bibliography. AB - This bibliography is designed to facilitate the rapid identification and location of references concerning the application of scanning electron microscopy to investigations of the cerebroventricular system and related cerebrospinal fluid contacting surfaces. Because SEM provides information regarding cell surfaces, it is admirably suited to the examination of the brain ventricular system since the morphology of the CSF interface is of the utmost importance in accomplishing the diverse functions of the ependyma and associated circumventricular organs. The bibliography attests to the fact that scanning electron microscopy has provided a major impetus to the study of the structure and function of the circumventricular organs, choroid plexuses and tanycytic ependyma as well as the distribution and morphology of such supraependymal cellular elements as macrophages, neurons, and neuronal proceses. Furthermore, not only are SEM methodologies being applied to an ever lengthening list of phyla and species, but the diversity of problems amenable to the profitable application of scanning electron microscopy also is rapidly increasing. Investigations to date, for example, include studies of ventricular morphology during development and maturity, health and disease, and prior to as well as following experimental manipulation. While remarkable strides have been made toward a greater understanding of many aspects of cerebroventricula structrure and function, many significant problems clearly await the judicious application of scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6997987 TI - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation. AB - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity was measured in 16 non-dialysed patients with chronic uraemia, 17 patients on regular peritoneal dialysis, 18 patients on regular haemodialysis, 10 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function, and in 41 healthy control subjects. In non-dialysed uraemic patients G-6-PD values were not significantly different from those in the control group. Peritoneal dialysed patients had slightly, but significantly higher G-6-PD values than controls (P < 0.01). Haemodialysed patients demonstrated the highest G-6-PD values of all groups, being significantly higher than in both controls (P < 0.001), non-dialysed (P < 0.01), peritoneal dialysed (P < 0.01), and renal transplanted patients (P < 0.01). Renal transplanted patients had G-6-PD values which not differed significantly from controls. In all uraemic patients G-6-PD activity was positively correlated to serum creatinine (rs = 0.64, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated to haemoglobin (rs = -0.61, P < 0.001. In the peritoneal and haemodialysed groups G-6-PD activity was correlated to the reticulocyte counts (rs = 0.54, P < 0.001). The results indicate that a younger mean red cell age is responsible for the increased G-6-PD activity in peritoneal dialysed and haemodialysed patients. PMID- 6997989 TI - HLA-DR-like antigens in the epithelium of the human small intestine. AB - Sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract were stained by an indirect immunofluorescence method with a rabbit antiserum to HLA-DR-antigens from B lymphocytes. A specific staining reaction was seen in a patchy pattern apically in the columnar cells of the normal small intestine, decreasing in intensity from the top of the villi towards the crypts. No HLA-DR-like antigens could be detected in colon or stomach epithelium, whereas cells with the morphology of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the lamina propria and also capillary walls were specifically stained throughout the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6997990 TI - [Dr. Erwin Uehlinger, 8 August 1899 to 18 April 1980]. PMID- 6997988 TI - Complement (C3) conversion by rat intestinal glycoprotein and its degradation products. AB - Several fragments obtained from alkaline borohydride degradation of a rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction have been tested for anti-complementary activity. Oligosaccharide alditols with a molecular weight of less than about 1 X 10(3) daltons showed no activity, whereas reduced oligosaccharides in the molecular weight range of about 1 X 10(3) to 3 X 10(3) daltons exerted a minor conversion of C3 by the alternative pathway. The low molecular weight fragments tested did not influence C3 conversion induced by the intact intestinal glycoprotein fraction. Of the fragments, a peptide fraction, with an 'average' molecular weight of 2 X 10(3) daltons, and peptide-containing glycoconjugates exerted activation by C3 by both the classical and alternative pathways. Classical pathway activation by the intestinal glycoproteins depended on antibody, whereas alternative pathway activation did not. Alternative pathway activation appeared to require Factor B in that the intestinal glycoproteins induced no C3 conversion in serum heated to 50 degrees C for 20 min. The rat intestinal glycoproteins had no protease activity on casein and no stimulating effect on human lymphocytes in vitro. Branching of oligosaccharide chains was not indicated by the methylation analyses carried out. PMID- 6997991 TI - Directed deletion of a yeast transfer RNA intervening sequence. AB - Many eukaryotic genes contain intevening sequences, segments of DNA that interrupt the continuity of the gene. They are removed from RNA transcripts of the gene by a process known as splicing. The intervening sequence in a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA (tRNA Tyr) suppressor gene was deleted in order to test its role in the expression of the gene. The altered gene and its parent were introduced into yeast by transformation. Both genes exhibited suppressor function, showing that the intervening sequence is not absolutely essential for the expression of this gene. PMID- 6997992 TI - Suckling. AB - Suckling is the only behavior that is common among mammals. In newborn albino rats it is originally elicited by amniotic fluid deposited by the mother during parturition. Subsequent suckling is stimulated by saliva deposited on the nipples by the infant rats. Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension, milk, systemic dehydration, and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling. The development of controls over suckling appetite appears to parallel that of consummatory control. Until about 2 weeks of age infant rats choose to suckle a nonlactating nipple with the same frequency as a lactating nipple. Thereafter, the lactating nipple is unanimously chosen. These studies suggest differences and commonalities in the suckling behavior of laboratory rats and other mammals. PMID- 6997994 TI - Autoantibodies against axonal neurofilaments in patients with Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - The serums of some patients with subacute spongiform encephalopathies contain an autoantibody in higher titer against a normal fibrillar protein within the axon of mature central neurons in culture. The morphological features of this neurofilament, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining, and the partial characterization of the antibody are described. The detection of this hetero-specific autoantibody is the first evidence of an immune reaction in the spongiform encephalopathies. PMID- 6997993 TI - Computed medical imaging. PMID- 6997995 TI - Cytostructural localization of a tumor-associated antigen. AB - Tumor cell membrane glycoproteins may be involved in the induction of tumor immunity or in the escape of tumors from immunologic defense mechanisms. Forty four benign and malignant breast lesions were examined for the presence of a carbohydrate precursor antigen (T antigen) of the human blood group system MN. T antigen was demonstrated by means of an immunohistochemical technique to detect tissue binding of peanut agglutinin, a plant lectin, with affinity for T antigen. Malignant breast lesions showed a pattern of T antigen expression different from that of benign breast tissues. A possible role for T antigen in the modulation of the immune response to breast carcinoma is suggested. PMID- 6997997 TI - Current status of ventilation-perfusion imaging. AB - The major clinical use of ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Accurate diagnosis of PE is essential since effective treatment is available but involves some risk to the patient. The scintigraphic characteristics of PE are segmental perfusion defects in lung that is normally ventilated and normal on the radiograph. The inherent shortcoming of perfusion scintigraphy is its lack of specificity. Combining a ventilation study with perfusion imaging improves the diagnostic specificity of lung scintigraphy. Xenon-133 is currently the most commonly used radionuclide for routine ventilation studies; a long washout technique is more sensitive than single breath imaging when this radionuclide is used. We obtain preperfusion xenon-133 ventilation studies with a 4-min rebreathing equilibrium phase and a long 5-min washout phase to obtain maximum information. It is imperative that V/Q studies be interpreted with a current high quality chest radiograph. Interpretation of V/Q studies for PE is perhaps best done by assigning a probability diagnosis, since rarely is absolute specificity possible. This article details the criteria we use for these probability determinations. PMID- 6997996 TI - Classification and differential diagnosis of sialographic characteristics in Sjogren syndrome. PMID- 6998000 TI - Gallium-67 citrate imaging studies of the lung. AB - In spite of localization of gallium in the lungs in a large variety of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, the chest radiograph is and will continue to be the principal diagnostic tool for evaluation of pulmonary inflammatory disease. The 67Ga-citrate scan, however, serves as a study complementary to chest radiography because it indicates the extent, localization, and degree of activity of the inflammatory disease with greater accuracy than do the radiographic studies. It also permits the physician to follow progression of the disease or response to treatment and possible to detect disseminated interstitial disease not visualized on radiographs. Gallium-67 scanning may be used in the evaluation of patients with lymphorecticular neoplasms (Hodgkin's disease and malignant lymphomas) both during initial staging and in evaluation of the response to therapy. The 67Ga-citrate scan is useful in the evaluation of patients with lung cancer provided its limitations are kept in mind. It cannot and should not replace the pathologist's microscope. The scan is useful as a screening test only in patients who have radiographic lesions not consistent with inflammatory disease and in whom invasive diagnostic procedures or exploratory surgery are contraindicated unless the probability of detecting a resectable tumor is high. However, the limited resolution of the scanning system restricts the possibility of detecting lesions before they become radiographically visible. The histologic type of the lesion appears to have no effect on the probability of detection. As a noninvasive procedure, the 67Ga-citrate scan complements mediastinoscopy by indicating which lymph nodes should be biopsied. It is also useful in evaluation of the controlateral hilar node region. The scan frequently detects clinically unsuspected extrathoracic lesions. It may therefore be a useful initial procedure in guiding the work-up of the patient with a known or strongly suspected tumor. The combination of the 67Ga scan with the chest radiograph could provide the information necessary for presurgical clinical staging in patients who have no symptoms that suggest distant metastases. Gallium-67 scans may be useful in indicating the effectiveness of treatment and the sensitivity of a tumor to radiation. PMID- 6997998 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of regional pulmonary ventilation. AB - Radioactive gases are useful for evaluating pulmonary ventilation because they allow assessment of regional lung function in a physiologic, noninvasive manner. The most widely used radioactive gases are Xe-133, Xe-127, and Kr-81m. These gases provide visual and/or quantitative assessments of regional ventilation or ventilation-perfusion matching in obstructive airways disease, and aid the scintigraphic diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The precision of ventilation scintigraphy is limited by detector resolution, signal distortion at depth, poor counting statistics, and respiratory motion. PMID- 6997999 TI - Pulmonary scintigraphy in pediatrics. AB - Pulmonary radionuclide studies in children provide reliable information on regional lung perfusion and ventilation. They are easily and safely performed and they do not usually require full patient cooperation. Their clinical indications and applications are not as well defined as and frequently differ from those in pulmonary disorders of the adult patient. Radiation exposures resulting from radionuclide pulmonary examinations are well within acceptable limits set up for a variety of radiologic diagnostic procedures. Our lung scanning experience with a spectrum of congenital and acquired cardiopulmonary diseases is presented and the contribution of the radionuclide methods to the specific problems facing the pediatrician or the surgeon is discussed. PMID- 6998001 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: historical perspective and future prospects. PMID- 6998002 TI - The Rappaport classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a closer look using other proposed classifications. AB - An essential purpose of a pathologic classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is to supply guidance in the clinical management of patients. Ideally, an optimal subclassification should also be scientifically accurate, highly reproducible, and readily teachable. Such a system, when used in conjunction with uniform staging, should enable relatively homogeneous groups of patients to be defined. In the present study, we have evaluated four new systems for possible additions to the traditional Rappaport classifcation. In response to specific questions the following tentative conclusions could be drawn: (1) Within the Rappaport nodular lymphomas, there are no differences in survival between lymphomas that are totally nodular verusus those that are nodular and diffuse. (2) In lymphomas composed of small cleaved follicular center cells of the Lukes-Collins system, survival appears to be independent of pattern (follicular, follicular and diffuse, or diffuse). In contrast, in tumors classified as centroblastic centrocytic in the Kiel classification or those classified as large cleaved or large noncleaved in the Lukes-Collins system, a totally or partially follicular pattern confers a better prognosis than its diffuse counterpart. (3) The numbers are small but there is no apparent difference in survival between cases of Rappaport's difuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas with or without plasmacytoid differentiation. (4) Within the original Rappaport DPDL there were at least two distinct types of lymphomas: (1) a convoluted lymphoblastic that occurs in younger patients has a high frequency of B symptoms and carries a poor prognosis; and (2) a diffuse lymphoma that is cytologically identical to nodular PDL, occurs in older patients, and has a relatively good prognosis. In August of 1976 Rappaport modified his classification to recognize these lymphoblastic lymphomas as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. (5) In this 22-yr retrospective review, neither the Kiel nor the Lukes-Collins system could identify any relatively favorable subsets within Rappaport's category of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Prospective studies applying the same approach to large numbers of patients subjected to modern uniform staging and aggressive combination chemotherapy may provide data upon which to base an optimal subclassification of DHL. PMID- 6998003 TI - Correlations between immunologic markers and histopathologic classifications: clinical implications. PMID- 6998004 TI - Chromosome studies in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6998006 TI - Present status of the assessment of fetal maturity. PMID- 6998008 TI - Control of fuel fluxes by polypeptides. PMID- 6998007 TI - Cardioregulatory peptides in molluscs. PMID- 6998009 TI - Angiotensin in the control of water and sodium intake. AB - Angiotensin is the most potent naturally occurring substance known to produce normal and specific behavior patterns when injected into the brain. These actions of angiotensin on thirst and sodium appetite, when considered with its other actions, show that the hormone is intimately concerned in extracellular fluid volume control. The extent of the participation of angiotensin from various sources in the two behaviors remains uncertain since there are certainly other controls of thirst and sodium appetite that do not depend on angiotensin. PMID- 6998005 TI - Immunodeficiency and the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6998010 TI - Glycerol: an alternative to dexamethasone for patients receiving brain irradiation for metastatic disease. AB - Forty-four patients with metastatic brain neoplasms received glycerol instead of corticosteroids during periods of brain irradiation. Headache, nausea, and vomiting were controlled in more than 90% of symptomatic patients, while paralysis, confusion, and papilledema improved in 55% to 80%. Patients with minimal or no symptoms remained stable. Patients with moderate or severe symptoms had significant improvement during the first week and substantial improvement during the second week of treatment. Glycerol did not induce immunosuppression when administered in combination with radiotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy. Patients with malignant melanoma had longer survival when treated with glycerol instead of corticosteroids. PMID- 6998011 TI - Saturday conference: drug-related renal disease. PMID- 6998012 TI - Dynamic hormonal testing in Kallman's syndrome. AB - A female patient with Kallman's syndrome is reported; dynamic hypothalamic pituitary testing confirmed the integrity of nongonadotropic endocrine function and revealed a blunted gonadotropin response to GnRH stimulation. A hypothalamic defect causing chronic GnRH deficiency is thought responsible for the poor gonadotropic response to short-term GnRH stimulation. Heterogeneous hypothalamic defects may be responsible for the variable PRL responses to chlorpromazine stimulation reported in the literature. The mechanisms responsible for impaired GH and TSH responses to provocative testing are unclear. PMID- 6998013 TI - Halophilic Vibrio sepsis. AB - We have described a patient with fulminant sepsis and bullous skin lesions due to L + Vibrio. The histologic features of these lesions as well as the rapid onset of refractory shock and complete heart block at least suggest that potent bacterial toxins are involved in the pathogenesis of disease caused by this "unnamed lactose-positive marine Vibrio." PMID- 6998014 TI - New technic for skin closure. PMID- 6998015 TI - [Tasks of medical history research in the USSR]. PMID- 6998016 TI - [Activities of the Leningrad Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in the years of World War II]. PMID- 6998017 TI - [Participation of the Military Medicine Academy students in the revolution of 1905-1907]. PMID- 6998018 TI - [S. Ia. Elpat'evskii in Ufa exile]. PMID- 6998019 TI - [Dr N. V. Maier and the Decembrists]. PMID- 6998020 TI - [Early prevention of infectious complications in the treatment of open fractures and extensive soft tissue injuries]. PMID- 6998021 TI - [Current theories on the etiology of inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 6998022 TI - [Treatment of sclerotic systolic hypertension]. PMID- 6998025 TI - [Manifestations of hypochromic anemia independently of the anemic syndrome]. PMID- 6998026 TI - Effects of cortisone on decrease of serum albumin secondary to experimental infections. AB - The observation that severe clinical bacterial infections are associated with decreases in total serum albumin levels was confirmed in experiments involving dogs and rats. In rodents, the injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate after the onst of the infection significantly reduced the decrease in the serum albumin values. However, this protective or corrective effect did not occur if the steroid was given prior to the infection. The effect of cortisone may be due to its capacity to stimulate albumin synthesis by the parenchyma of the liver. PMID- 6998024 TI - [Clinical evaluation of piroxicam in rheumatoid arthritis by double blind comparative multi-center studies]. PMID- 6998027 TI - Stimulation of hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy by infusion of a cytosol extract from regenerating dog liver. AB - A cytosol liver extract was prepared from adult dog livers and from liver remnants that had been regenerating for one, two and three days after 72 per cent partial hepatectomy. Given intraportally, the most active of these cytosols did not stimulate proliferation in the livers of normal dogs. However, infused during a six hour period into the portal vein of test group dogs, the cytosol from 48 and, especially, 72 hour regenerating livers augmented the regeneration response ordinarily produced by 44 per cent partial depatectomy. The effect was delayed. It became identifiable 48 hours after infusion and rached a peak at 72 hours. Neither augmentation nor significant inhibition of the normal regeneration response was produced by cytosol from normal liver and 24 hour regenerating liver or by six hour infusion of insulin. The amplification effect of active cytosol was equivocal when the infusions were given intraperitoneally and was not demonstrable at all by the intravenous route. In these investigations, it is confirmed that there are growth control factors in regenerating liver but the nature or physiologic significance of the factor or factors has not been clarified. PMID- 6998029 TI - The collaborative study on STA-MCA anastomosis: a progress report. PMID- 6998023 TI - [Complex hospital treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6998028 TI - Thierry de Martel. 1875-1940. PMID- 6998030 TI - A method for calculation of rotational angulation in stereotactic surgery. AB - A brief review of the problem of correcting for the error resulting from rotation of the head in the stereotactic frame is presented along with a method devised by the author for calculating its extent. PMID- 6998031 TI - Herbert Olivecrona, July 11, 1891-January 15, 1980. PMID- 6998032 TI - Venous angiomas of the brain. AB - Two cases of venous angioma of the brain are presented. Both were discovered by computed tomography and diagnosed by angiography. The lesion was located in the right frontal lobe in 1 case and in the left cerebellar hemisphere in the other. Neither was operated on because of the deep location or extent of the lesion. The 2 cases showed significant angiographic and hemodynamic differences. The literature on venous angiomas of the brain is reviewed. We proposed classifying venous angiomas into two subgroups based on angiographic findings: those with early-appearing vessels and those without. No significant differences in clinical manifestations were noted between these two subgroups in spite of the hemodynamic differences. PMID- 6998033 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1980. PMID- 6998034 TI - Corneal cytotoxicity of topically applied drugs, vehicles and preservatives. AB - The toxicity and side effects of drugs and their adjuncts are reviewed according to effect on corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, when topically applied to healthy or wounded surfaces, or introduced into the anterior chamber of the eye. Corneal research techniques are reviewed, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrophysiological techniques, and specular microscope observation. Clinical interpretation of these results is discussed. Reviews of specific toxicologic techniques and of medications are cited. Present research makes it increasingly apparent that not only medications but also their preservatives cannot be considered innocuous. Preservatives may be effective yet less damaging to the ocular integument when used at lower concentrations than those presently available commercially. Complete avoidance of preservatives by the use of special dispensing systems is found increasingly desirable. PMID- 6998035 TI - Endocrinological associations of pituitary tumors. AB - The patient presented with poor vision (particularly OS) which had declined progressively over ten years. He had had bifrontal headaches over the past two years. Examination and visual field testing showed optic atrophy and a bitemporal hemianopia. Procedures leading to the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma are discussed, as are treatment modalities and association of pituitary adenomas with other entities. PMID- 6998036 TI - The genetic basis of ophthalmological disease. AB - The genes of a fertilized ova contain all of the information needed to construct an eye, regulate its function, maintain it in working order, decipher its signals and store the vision it gathers. Analyzing genes in informational and physical terms, the author discusses the genetic basis of eye structure and function. Current knowledge and techniques for genetic study are described, as are specific abnormalities which have a familial or genetic basis. PMID- 6998037 TI - Florence Nightingale. AB - This is a brief review of the accomplishments of Florence Nightingale. She is known to all as the Lady with the Lamp and the Founder of Modern Nursing. It is less well-known that in her lifetime she played a major role in the reform of the medical services of the British Army and the initiation of the British Army Medical School; she was a statistician and one of the founders of epidemiology; she was a world authority on hospital design; and additionally she was a linguist and a Greek scholar. She achieved all this, not through being a ministering angel, but because of her iron will, hard work, leadership, and political skill. PMID- 6998038 TI - [Pharmacological basis for the therapeutic utilisation of hypolipedmic effects of clofibrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998039 TI - [Side effects of cimetidine: a cooperative work of "Centres de pharmaco-vigilance hospitaliere" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998040 TI - [Value of the analysis of salivary theophylline with an immunoenzymatic method]. PMID- 6998041 TI - Plasma urokinase levels measured by chromogenic assay after infusions of tissue culture or urinary source material. PMID- 6998042 TI - Mechanisms of alpha-thrombin and beta-thrombin-E formation: use of ecarin for isolation of meizothrombin 1. PMID- 6998043 TI - The effect of prostacyclin on platelet aggregation and disaggregation in vivo. PMID- 6998044 TI - Increased PGI2 activity in venous tissues from rats on oral contraceptives is not prevented by heparin administration before vessel isolation. PMID- 6998045 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for a plasma membrane localization of dopamine-beta hydroxylase in the mouse neuroblastoma. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H), a glycoprotein enzyme which converts dopamine into noradrenaline, was purified from C1300 mouse neuroblastoma and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique the cellular localization of D beta H in C1300 mouse neuroblastoma was compared with that of the superior cervical ganglion. C1300 neuroblastoma D beta H was found to be predominantly localized in the plasma membrane, in contrast to its intracellular localization in the superior cervical ganglion of A/J mice. At least part of the enzyme was found to be associated with the external side of the plasma membrane. PMID- 6998047 TI - [The development of the nursing profession in the Netherlands. I]. PMID- 6998046 TI - A study of Sertoli-spermatid tubulobulbar complexes in selected mammals. AB - Tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs) were found in nine mammalian species (opossum, vole, guinea-pig, mouse, hamster, rabbit, dog, monkey and human) primarily originating from the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome of late spermatids. Fewer complexes (4--10) were noted in these species than has been previously reported for the rat (up to 24). TBCs were not seen emanating from round spermatids or those elongated spermatids located within the deep recesses of the Sertoli cell, but they appeared as the spermatids came to reside much closer to the tubular lumen in preparation for release. TBCs developed in areas deficient or lacking in Sertoli filaments and endoplasmic reticulum (ectoplasmic specialization). In general their structural configuration was similar to that shown in the rat, although minor differences were noted. Fine fibrils were observed connecting the distal portion of the spermatid tube with the Sertoli plasma membrane forming a bristle-coated pit. The length of TBCs from most species studied was 1--2 micrometers, whereas those of the opossum extended 6--8 micrometers into an apical Sertoli process. TBCs were degraded within the Sertoli cell by its lysosomes prior to sperm release, and for most species there was evidence indicating that formation of more than one generation of TBCs occurred. As sperm release approached, TBCs formed preferentially from the leading edge of spermatids with spatulate heads. The Sertoli cell gradually withdrew from around the spermatid head until only the tip of the head was embedded within the Sertoli cell. This region of contact frequently demonstrated TBCs. The proposed functions of TBCs are reviewed and discussed in light of these findings from other species. PMID- 6998048 TI - A screening test for renovascular hypertension by means of orally active angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225). AB - Orally active converting enzyme inhibitor (Captopril, SQ 14225) was administered in a dose of 50 mg to 12 normotensive subjects (Group I), 26 essential hypertensive patients (Group II) and 8 renovascular hypertensive patients (Group III). In Group III, 5 of 8 patients had control plasma renin activity (PRA) similar to those in Group I and II patients, but the PRA response to the administration of Captopril was greater in 7 of 8 patients than that in Groups I and II. These 7 patients had either bilateral or unilateral main renal artery stenosis. Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renal aplasia. It is concluded that this provocation test is useful as a screening procedure for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6998049 TI - Decreased insulin binding of mononuclear leukocytes in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. AB - The effects of lipoproteins on 125I-insulin binding activity of mononuclear leukocytes were investigated in 22 diabetic patients and eight healthy adults. There was a significant negative relationship between insulin binding activity and levels of plasma beta-lipoprotein (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). The inhibition of insulin binding activity was also observed by in vitro addition of LDL to the assay system of insulin binding activity of mononuclear leukocytes. Double fluorescent staining techniques demonstrated that insulin receptors and LDL receptors are located very close to each other on the cell-surface. These results indicate that LDL intereferes with insulin binding activity in mononuclear leukocytes in vivo and in vitro, presumably because of the close localization of receptors for insulin and LDL on the cell surface. It is concluded that hyperlipoproteinemia is responsible for the decrease in insulin binding activity in diabetic patients. PMID- 6998051 TI - Sodium citrate as a substitute for fetal calf serum in the micronucleus test. PMID- 6998050 TI - Double immunofluorescence studies on IgA-associated immune-complexes in glomerular deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - A study on double immunofluorescent staining of immunoglobulins and complement in IgA-associated immune-complexes of glomerular deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. The components of immune-complexes deposited in kidney tissues included IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3, C3A, properdin, Clq and C4. Although the majority of the deposits consisted of IgA and C3, some deposits showed the coexistence of other classes of immunoglobulins and C3 as well as other types of complement. It was suggested that the immune-complexes deposited in the glomeruli of patients with IgA nephropathy have a polyclonal nature. PMID- 6998052 TI - Modification of the liquid used in spreading polystyrene embedded sections. PMID- 6998053 TI - A simple device for holding plastic embedded specimens during dissection. PMID- 6998054 TI - [Results of mycological studies in maxillofacial infections]. AB - 500 patients with odontogenic infections in the maxillofacial region had mycological examinations. Almost 1% of mycoses in need of treatment were found, which justifies the routine testing for possible existent fungus infections in the region of the oral cavity. PMID- 6998055 TI - [A speed counter for the dental office]. AB - Maintaining the optimum speed of rotating dental instruments is of great significance in dental care. Because a control unit with the necessary measuring range (750--300.00 rpm) was not available, such a device was designed and constructed on the basis of an innovation contract. PMID- 6998056 TI - [The journal "Stomatologija (Moskva)"--organ of the medico-scientific all-union Society of Stomatologists of the Soviet Union. Synopsis II]. AB - The present synopsis of the contents of the 1974 volume of the "Stomatologija (Moskva)" treats exclusively problems of surgical stomatology. It considers papers on maxillofacial traumatopathies, fracture surgery, transplantation of teeth and tooth germs, inflammatory diseases, certain surgical-stomatological diseases and neoplasms, bone grafting, extraction surgery and related surgical interventions, and treatment of congenital defects in the maxillofacial region. The synopsis III (1974) (to be published in the next number of the Stomatologie der DDR) will report on further branches of surgical stomatology. PMID- 6998058 TI - [The effect of vacuum vibration investing and vacuum mixing on the properties of "LAW-Modellguss investment" and the fit of cast structures from cobalt-chromium molybdenum alloys. 1. Technologic-experimental tests]. AB - Using materials-scientific test methods, the author studied the effect of vacuum mixing and vibration on the setting and the thermal expansion and contraction behaviour of the investment compound "LAW-Modellgusseinbettmasse" as well as on its hardness and structure after setting. The results obtained show that vacuum processing may considerably improve the properties which are of importance in model casting. PMID- 6998059 TI - [A model study on air contamination at the stomatologic work place by use of the turbine]. AB - Certain dental measures, e. g., the application of a turbine, an ultra-sonic hand piece or a spray, produce aqueous, polydisperse aerosols which escape from the patient's oral cavity during treatment and contaminate the room air with micro organisms from the oral microbial flora. An aerobacteriometric model study at a stomatological work place showed that the germ content of the air was significantly higher on days when the turbine was used than on days when it was not used. PMID- 6998057 TI - [Value of prosthetic therapy for the maintenance of the periodontium]. PMID- 6998060 TI - [The corrective phase of periodontal therapy]. AB - After pointing to the hygienizing phase which must in any case precede, the author deals with the medicinal local and general treatment, the occlusal function diagnosis, the function analysis, and the fundamentals of the grinding therapy. Furthermore, the temporary splinting, the treatment of secondary malpositions and problems as well as methods of periodontal surgery are mentioned. PMID- 6998063 TI - Studies on Bancroftian filariasis in Liberia, West Africa. III. Efficacy of repeated treatment with diethylcarbamazine and vector control on the microfilarial reservoir in a rural population. AB - The population of four villages in the savanna area in Upper Lofa in the hinterland of Liberia was treated with diethylcarbamazine and the decline of the density of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti was studied. It became obvious that even a repeated treatment with the drug did not result in a complete eradication of the parasites, but that about one third of microfilaria carriers who had received two courses of treatment remained infected, showing ultra low densities which could only be-discovered by employing the sensitive membrane filtration technique. Vector control by means of residual spraying with DDT carried out every six months for 2 1/2 years in two villages did not result in a decrease of the microfilaria carrier rates. However, the microfilarial density of the infected persons declined distinctly during the three years of control. Experiences made with the membrane filtration technique under field conditions are described. PMID- 6998061 TI - Cerebral arterial contractions induced by human and bovine thrombin. AB - Purified human and bovine thrombin produced comparable tonic contractions in isolated canine basilar arteries. The magnitude of the contractions was closely related to the number of thrombin Units studied rather than to the amount of protein added to the isolation bath. Thrombin had a much slower onset of action, but was more potent in generating sustained contractions than either serotonin or prostaglandin F2 alpha. Moreover, in contrast to serotonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha, the contractions caused by thrombin were not terminated by equivalent washing. The thrombin-induced contractions were significantly inhibited by prostacyclin, meclofenamic acid, phenoxybenzamine and glycerol. Prostacyclin was the most potent of these inhibitors. The results suggest that thrombin in a "free" form may cause vasoconstriction, in addition to platelet aggregation, in hemostasis and could contribute to the genesis of cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6998062 TI - [Experimental Echinococcus multilocularis infections of the maternal mouse and their significance for the offspring]. AB - Experimental infection of mother mice by intraperitoneal injection of Echinococcus multilocularis cyst material does not result in the transfer of protective immunity to the offspring. In the contrary, if infected via the same route, filial mice show a lower antibody titer, when examined 36, 78 and 120 days p.i. and a higher worm burden (average: 1455 mg) in comparison with control mice born of non-infected mothers (average parasite weight: 844 mg). The question is discussed, whether these observations are due to the suppressive action of transferred antibodies or whether the offspring become immunologically tolerant by the transfer of parasite antigen. PMID- 6998064 TI - [Derivation of a transplantable cell line from oak silkworm ovarian tissue]. AB - A continuous cell line (M. S. A. p.-1) was obtained from the ovaries of diapausing pupae of the oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi. Active multiplication of cells was observed two months after preparing a primary culture from partly trypsinized tissues. Subcultures derived at this time were transmitted with 10 day intervals and endure over 30 passages. The cells are susceptible to the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of Mamestra brassicae, Galleria mellonella, Malacosoma neustria and Bombyx mori. PMID- 6998065 TI - [Evaluating the significance of differences between variants]. AB - Experimental results of multiple comparisons for Tukey's, Newman-Kuels', Duncans' tests and for the t-test are compared. When the number of variants is more than two, the t-test is shown to reduce the value of the least significant difference, so that its use for multiple comparisons is incorrect. Duncan's multiple range test tends to increase the value of significant differences. The adequacy of Tukey's and Newman-Keuls' tests to the F-test is established. PMID- 6998067 TI - [Organization of mammalian genome replication: data on the high rate of DNA replication in replicons of structural heterochromatin]. AB - By the autoradiography, the increase of the mean rate of replication fork movement in DNA was shown for human skin fibroblasts during S-period induced by reseeding the stationary culture; the portion of high-rate replicons growing parallel to the increase in numbers of cells, in which the constitutive heterochromatin was replicating. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of replicons was investigated in regard to the rate of DNA chain growth in asynchronous cell populations of human and three rodent species (Microtus agrestis, Tscherskia triton, Cricetulus griseus). A positive correlation was found between the portion of replicons, with a relatively high rate of replication (more than 60 micron/h), and the relative amounts of C-heterochromatin in genomes of these species. On the basis of these studies it has been assumed, that the replicons with the high rate of DNA chain growth belong to the constitutive heterochromatin. PMID- 6998066 TI - [Participation of the product of gene dnaG in the slow nonmutagenic repair pathway for gamma-induced single-stranded DNA breaks in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - The survival of cells and yield of DNA single-strand breaks after the completion of DNA repair in growth medium M9 and in the buffer at 30 degrees and 43 degrees C has been investigated in four strains of alpha-irradiated Escherichia coli: PC3 dnaGts, NY73 dnaGts polA1, W3110 pol+, P3478 polA1. The survival of the dnaGts mutant at 43 degrees in M9 and the buffer is lower and the yield of single-strand breaks is higher than at 30 degrees. In the polA1 mutant, the yield of single strand breaks in M9 and in the buffer at both the temperatures is significantly higher, and the survival is significantly lower than in pol+- and dnaGts strains. These data indicate that dnaG gene product (primase, rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase) and DNA polymerase I are involved in different pathways of DNA single strand break repair. DNA polymerase I is the key enzyme for the fast, growth medium-independent repair of DNA single-strand breaks. Thus, the dnaG gene product is involved in the slow, growth medium-dependent polA-independent DNA single-strand break repair. The yield of breaks in double mutant polA1 dnaGts in M9 and in the buffer does not differ from that in single mutant polA1. Thus, DNA polymerase I in fast repair of DNA single strand breaks is not changed by the dnaG gene product. It has been demonstrated that the dnaG gene product does not participate in the UV-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 6998068 TI - [Pheochromocytoma. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6998069 TI - Cavitational bio-effects of 1.5 MHz. AB - The effects of continuous wave ultrasound on three different classes of biosystems have been investigated at a frequency of 1.5 MHz. The criteria for cavitation are given, and these are applied to experimentally observed growth retardation of plant roots, cell death and DNA degradation in bacteria and pyknosis of human lymphocytes. An attempt is being made to find common physical mechanisms for all these biological responses, and cavitation processes in particular are examined here. A description is given of the techniques used to monitor the presence of cavitation, and indirect evidence, drawn from pulsed field and elevated pressure experiments, is presented to show that other-non linear processes are also operative. PMID- 6998070 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971. No. 22. PMID- 6998071 TI - [The psychology of juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 6998072 TI - [Congenital myopathies. 9 case reports and general review]. PMID- 6998073 TI - [Cerebrovascular complications following intake of oral contraceptives (review of the literature apropos of a case]. PMID- 6998074 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of the urolithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998075 TI - Renal preservation with inosine. AB - Isosine improved post-transplantation function of canine kidneys subjected to thirty minutes of normothermic ischemia followed by flushing and twenty-four-hour cold storage. Inosine was not able to improve renal preservation when cold storage was extended to forty-eight hours after thirty minutes of normothermic ischemia. PMID- 6998076 TI - Correlation of antibody-coated bacteria with intravenous pyelogram in children with refluxing and nonrefluxing units. AB - A fluorescent technique for detecting immune globulins on the surface of urinary bacteria has been used to differentiate upper from lower urinary tract infections. In an attempt to correlate positive fluorescence with deteriorative changes on the intravenous pyelogram, a total of 79 pediatric patients was studied. Twenty-three had ileal conduits with freely refluxing urine. The remaining 56 children had intact urinary tracts. Thirty of these had vesicoureteral reflux. Urine cultures were studied in conjunction with fluorescent antibody determinations. In patients with significant bacteriuria good correlation was seen with the presence of bacterial fluorescence and positive renal changes. This correlation was 88 per cent in patients with bowel conduits, 71 per cent in patients with vesicoureteral reflux, and 38 per cent in patients without reflux. Possible false positive and false negative results were relatively low, each occurred in 10 per cent of the specimens examined. It is concluded that the combindation of urinary tract infection and positive bacterial fluorescence is seen when upper tract deterioration has occurred and is seen most frequently in association with urinary reflux. In these instances aggressive therapy is often indicated. PMID- 6998077 TI - Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy. Simplified technique using hinged, folding approximating clamp. AB - Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy appears to yield improved results over conventional methods but is not widely used because of technical difficulties. A technique is reported which utilizes a hinged folding vas approximating clamp and allows the two-layer anastomosis to be performed with greater ease because the details of the vas ends are visualized constantly. The danger of mucosal tears is lessened by posterior muscular layer approximation before mucosal approximation, thus relieving mucosal tension during suturing. PMID- 6998078 TI - Migration of left hip pin with involvement of left ureter. AB - This patient had hematuria and a history of hip fusion many years before. It was found that a left hip pin had broken, and its sharpened portion had migrated through the head of the femur into the adventitia of the left ureter. During exploratory surgery, a bonecutter was employed to cut off the tip of the pin flush with the pelvic wall. The patient has had no recurrence of hematuria. Review of the literature disclosed no report of a similar case. PMID- 6998079 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 3 types of M. M. Krasnov's extrapupillary iris lenses for implantation in the anterior chamber]. PMID- 6998080 TI - [Improved suturefree method of consolidating a corneal graft]. PMID- 6998081 TI - [Use of magnetic fields in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6998082 TI - [Cold cardioplegia in surgery on the "dry" heart]. PMID- 6998083 TI - [Tight suturing of the abdominal cavity after cholecystectomy]. AB - A comparative analysis of two series of operations for acute and chronic cholecystitis was made. In the first series of operations (289) the abdominal cavity was drained with gauze napkins, in the second series (256 operations) a drainage tube was used or the abdominal cavity was sutured tightly. The authors came to a conclusion that in planned and postponed cholecystectomies tight suture of the abdominal cavity is the method of choice. PMID- 6998084 TI - [Effect of antibiotics and antiseptics on the fibrinolytic activity of proteases]. AB - A table of compatibility of proteases and antibacterial drugs was developed on the basis of investigation of fibrinolytic effect of proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysine, chimotrypsin, streptokinase, terrilitin) and their combinations with most popular antibiotics and antiseptic solutions. According to the data of the authors, terrilitin and streptokinase are most efficient of the proteolytic enzymes studied and less dependent upon antibiotics and antiseptic solutions when used in combinations. PMID- 6998085 TI - [Evaluation of the functional activity of the liver following its heterotopic transplantation in experimental acute hepatic insufficiency]. AB - The functional activity of the transplanted (additional) liver and its efficiency in the treatment of critical hepatic insufficiency was studied in experiments on dogs. Without an immunosuppression being used the additionally transplanted liver manifests its functional activity in the recipient's organism within 4 days and is able to support the animal's life for 3-4 days. PMID- 6998086 TI - [Use of angiography, selective infusion of drugs and embolization in hemorrhages]. PMID- 6998087 TI - [Syndrome of acute pulmonary insufficiency in acute pancreatitis (review of the non-Soviet literature)]. PMID- 6998088 TI - [Role of facultative pathogenic anaerobes in the etiology of postoperative complications]. PMID- 6998089 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of arterial stenosis in a transplanted kidney]. AB - Two patients were successfully operated upon for stenosis of the artery of transplanted kidney causing stable malignant hypertension. After the operation the arterial pressure was found to decrease from 240-260/140-170 mm Hg to 120 140/70-80 mm Hg. A considerable improvement of the transplant functioning was also noted. PMID- 6998090 TI - Angular limb deformities in foals. PMID- 6998091 TI - Update on equine laminitis. PMID- 6998092 TI - Disease of the metacarpophalangeal joint and metacarpus. PMID- 6998093 TI - Diseases of the suspensory apparatus. PMID- 6998095 TI - Radiology in ophthalmic diagnosis. PMID- 6998096 TI - Current concepts in small animal glaucoma: recognition and treatment. PMID- 6998094 TI - Ocular immunology and mechanisms of ocular inflammation. PMID- 6998099 TI - Current concepts in ophthalmic surgery. PMID- 6998097 TI - Retinal dysplasia in the dog and cat. PMID- 6998098 TI - Electrophysiology in veterinary ophthalmology. PMID- 6998101 TI - Environment for poultry. AB - The design of controlled environment systems for poultry is discussed. The requirements are reviewed by considering the responses of the birds to environmental factors and some practical methods of achieving the responses are described. PMID- 6998100 TI - Basic principles for the submission and management of ophthalmic specimens for histopathology. PMID- 6998103 TI - [Comparative trial of drug premixes for preventing dysentery in growing pigs]. AB - Four experiments (three under conditions existing in the practice), each one comprising four groups of pigs equalized in weight from 8 to 35 kg were carried out. All groups received the same ration, but no medicamentous premix was added to the ration of the control group, while the experimental groups were for checking the following premixes: MRz containing ridzol, MPr containing prozhen and MAv containing avimertonid. The mean daily and fodder expenditure were recorded in the course of the experiment. It was established that the experimental groups to the ration of which was added medicamentous premix had 3.4 to 20% higher mean daily gain (P < 0.05), and a 0.428-0.521 kg lower mean fodder expenditure per 1 kg gain (10%). Regular application of medicamentous premixes to the ration of 12 929 pigs in the swine complex of Blagoevgrad and of 44 254 pigs in the swine complex of Harmanli shaprly decreased the sick rate of bacterial, vibrionic and protozoa enterites, growing pig mortality was reduced by 35-50%, and the prime cost of 100 kg gain was lowered by 6-7 Leva. It became evident that it is more feasible to apply a premix containing ridzol during the first period of growth (up to 20 kg body weight) and a prozhen premix during the second period of growth (from 20 to 35 kg). PMID- 6998102 TI - [Clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from Pharmachem in poultry diseases]. AB - Investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "Pharmachim" with 50 IU/mg activity (pharmazin T-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. It was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin T-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. In order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder applied 2 days or on the 24th to 48th day after Borrelia anserina invasion are completely sufficient. It must be noted, moreover, that pharmazin T-50 application has not a negative effect on the build up of post-vaccinal immunity following the same illness. The good results obtained by pharmazin T-50 allow it to replace successfully the remaining medicinal preparations (some of which much more expensive) applied in the control of spirohetosis and respiratory mycoplasmosis of birds. PMID- 6998104 TI - [Multinucleated giant cells in granulomas. Reorganization of the internal structure after confluence of macrophage system cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998105 TI - Phage P1 temperature-sensitive mutants with defects in the lytic pathway. PMID- 6998106 TI - Bacteriophage P1-mediated generalized transduction in Escherichia coli: fate of transduced DNA in rec+ and recA- recipients. PMID- 6998107 TI - Bacteriophage P1-mediated generalized transduction in Escherichia coli: structure of abortively transduced DNA. PMID- 6998108 TI - [The significance of determining N-acetylbeta-D-glucosaminidase in the diagnosis of kidney transplant rejection]. PMID- 6998109 TI - [Experience of Soviet military otorhinolaryngology in World War II]. PMID- 6998110 TI - [Cytochemical evaluation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic disorders in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6998111 TI - [Hormonal homeostasis in gastroenterologic diseases in children]. PMID- 6998112 TI - [Condition of the infants born of mothers with uterine myoma (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6998115 TI - [Books and collected articles on oncology published in the 4th quarter of 1979]. PMID- 6998114 TI - [Role of diet components in the genesis of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 6998113 TI - [Cardiovascular system in pneumonias in children (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6998116 TI - [Human antitumor immunity according to leukocyte adherence inhibition test data]. AB - A microvariant of the test of leucocytes adherence inhibition, which results were assessed by fluorescence, has revealed antitumor immune reactions to allogenic tumor antigens in gastric cancer (n = 38) and breast cancer (n = 35) in 51.7 and 68.5% of patients respectively. A correlation between the reaction and stage was found only in breast cancer patients. Postive reactions to heterogenous tumor antigen were noted in 17-25% of cases. The reactions to tumor antigens in nontumor lesions of the corresponding localizations were noted in 29.2 and 25%. The data obtained indicated that homogeneity of the antigenic tumor pattern is high enough within the limits of a particular localization irrespective of the degree of morphological tumor differentiation. It seems essential to take into account some possible autoimmune reactions to normal organotypical antigens to interprete the tumor specificity of the reactions under study. PMID- 6998117 TI - [Mutagenic properties of environmental carcinogens]. PMID- 6998118 TI - [Epiphysis (pineal gland) and tumorous growth]. PMID- 6998119 TI - A simple method for th production of anti-C3 antiserum in rabbits. AB - A method is described for the production of an anti-C3+d specific antiserum in rabbits. The method does not require purification of C3 but relies on the binding of human C3 to the rabbit erythrocytes following activation of the alternative pathway. The antiserum produced is suitable for use as either a serological reagent or for immunoprecipitation. PMID- 6998121 TI - [Treasury of medical knowledge (on the 50th anniversary of the D. I. Ul'ianov Republic Medical Library)]. PMID- 6998122 TI - [Use of bificol for treating adults with postdysenteric colitis]. PMID- 6998120 TI - Introduction to a historical paper. An unusal case of intra-group agglutination by Philip Levine and Rufus E. Stetson. PMID- 6998123 TI - [Unique archive of autopsy proceedings]. PMID- 6998124 TI - [Lymphocytotoxins in kidney allograft patients]. PMID- 6998125 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of Ewing's sarcoma, reticulosarcoma and solitary myeloma]. PMID- 6998126 TI - [Mental state characteristics after resections of separate lobes of the right and left hemispheres and stereotaxic operations]. PMID- 6998127 TI - [Status of microbial allergy in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6998128 TI - [Fundamental stages in the development of cardiology]. PMID- 6998129 TI - [Accelerated method of detecting antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis and Isfahan viruses on fixed smears of antigen-containing cells]. AB - A modification is suggested of the indirect method of fluorescent antibodies (IMFA) for rapid diagnosis of the TBE and Isfagan viruses in fixed smears of antigen-containing cells. Preparation of such smears with equal numbers of antigen-containing cells in a monolayer covering the whole area of the depression inoculated with the infected cellular suspension ensures standard conditions for the test and comparable results. The titer of the sera in the smears determined with the IMFA is higher or similar to that obtained in the infected monolayer cultures grown on slides. One preparation can be used not only for the serum antibody identification but also for its titration. It takes no more than 4-5 hours to analyse the test sera. The fixed preparation with the antigen-containing cells can be stored during 6 months at -20 degrees C with no specificity lost. Availability of such preparations in stock will permit the IMFA to be applied in rapid diagnosis. PMID- 6998130 TI - [Cultivation of monolayer cultures of primary and transplantable animal cells in a device with regulated growth conditions]. AB - Primary, diploid and continuous cell lines were cultivated in the apparatus "Cellotron-1". Rashig's ring was used as an underlay in the apparatus. Fresh medium perfusion, pH control, the medium aeration, temperature control, as well as dissolved oxygen control were exercised in the cultivator. Various cell types have demonstrated a significant increase as compared to the control stationary cultivation: diploid green monkey embryo cells increased 7.5-fold for 5 days, continuous green monkey kidney cells 8-fold for 4 days, primary monkey kidney cells 2-fold for 7 days. PMID- 6998131 TI - [Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis]. PMID- 6998132 TI - [Severe posttransplant lung syndrome and an acute transplanted kidney rejected crisis successfully controlled]. AB - After a brief literature survey of the immune complications after kidney transplantation, the authors report one patient with a severe febrile intoxication and pulmonary dyspneic syndrome with abundant X-ray findings, consisting of large nodular and diffuse striped densities, moderately dense, reminding disseminated or miliary tuberculosis, or pneumonia in case of pneumocystis carini, on the background of poor physical findings and normal pCO2. The pulmonary changes disappeared after a treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids -- 6.750 mg predniso, imuran -- 3 mg/kg body weight and a combination of ampicillin, seporacin and nystatin -- for a total of 25 days. In parallel with the pulmonary syndrome an acute crisis followed for the elimination of the transplantant, which after the control of the pulmonary syndrome became particularly intense, blood urea reaching 150 mg% and creatinine -- 5.6 mg%. The crisis was inhibited by high prednison doses according to the scheme adopted at the Neccer hospital in Paris. The patient was discharged with 65 mg% urea and 1.5 mg% creatinine. The patient followed up for 10 months, continued to improve. Interesting data were obtained from the kidney during the crisis for elimination via a dynamic ventricular scintigraphy, differentiating the mechanical obstacle for urine elimination from the prolonged intrarenal transport of radioactive pharmaceutical, being characteristic for the crisis of elimination. PMID- 6998133 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes, arterial hypertension and orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 6998134 TI - [New methods for extrarenal purification of the blood]. PMID- 6998135 TI - Professor Samuel Halter awarded the Leon Bernard Foundation Prize. PMID- 6998136 TI - Shousha Foundation Prize awarded to Dr C. K. Hasan. PMID- 6998137 TI - Darling Foundation Prize awarded to Dr M. E. Farid and Professor W. Trager. PMID- 6998139 TI - Disorders of wound healing. PMID- 6998138 TI - Pituitary tumors--current concepts of diagnosis and therapy. AB - Familiarity with the concepts and methods of diagnosis and their limitations is essential to outline a plan of investigation for individual patients suspected of having pituitary tumors. Therapy depends somewhat on the extent of suprasellar extension, a factor which especially limits irradiation. The role of transsphenoidal and other forms of pituitary operations must await long-term follow-up. This is especially true because we do not know the role of the hypothalamus in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. PMID- 6998140 TI - Contraction and the control of contraction. PMID- 6998141 TI - The biology and control of surface overhealing. PMID- 6998143 TI - [Problems of environmental hygiene in 19th century Erfurt]. PMID- 6998142 TI - Internal overhealing: the problem of intraperitoneal adhesions. PMID- 6998144 TI - [The history of medical education in the German Democratic Republic. I]. PMID- 6998145 TI - [Occurrence and importance of klebsiella aerogenes as a hospital germ]. PMID- 6998147 TI - [Results of toxoplasmosis diagnosis by means of indirect fluorescent-antibody reaction (IFAR) in the Suhl district]. PMID- 6998146 TI - [Contribution to Spieghel's hernia]. PMID- 6998148 TI - [Kinetic rapid determination of blood alcohol]. PMID- 6998149 TI - [The physical health of personnel exposed to halothane in operating rooms]. PMID- 6998150 TI - [Production of diagnostic antisera for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E]. PMID- 6998152 TI - [Effect of levamisol on the survival time of skin transplants in burns]. AB - The influence of levamisol (1, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetro hydro-6-phenylimidasole 2,1-6 thiasol) on the survival time of allogenic skin grafts was examined in healthy rabbits and in rabbits with a burn disease. The survival time of the transplants was prolonged significantly in healthy rabbits and diminished in rabbits with burn disease. PMID- 6998151 TI - [Jerrzej Sniadecki (1768-1838), Polish physician and chemist]. PMID- 6998153 TI - [Theoretical and practical implications of calcitonin therapy in gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - Calcitonin (CT) inhibits basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid and pepsin secretion by 60 to 70% when CT is infused over a short period of time. Vagal and histamine-mediated stimulations are less diminished. A long-term infusion of CT inhibits persitently basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretion over more than 24 hours in patients with duodenal ulcer, stress bleeding and Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrome. To date, the therapeutic efficiency of CT in gastroduodenal bleeding has not been evaluated in a controlled trial. CT inhibits gastric secretion also after oral application. In an endoscopically controlled double blind trial we were not able to demonstrate a significant benefit of oral CT in patients with gastric ulcer. In ulcer bleeding CT does not apear reasonable in comparison with histamine-H2-receptor antagonists which apparently is more efficient and less costly. PMID- 6998154 TI - [A randomized clinical study of stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimeytidine in severe multiple injuries]. AB - In a surgical intensive care unit a controlled clinical trial for stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine was performed in patients with severe polytrauma. Severe polytrauma was defined as affection of at least 3 body cavities (head, thorax, abdomen), 2 body cavities and 1 extremity fracture, 1 body cavity and 2 extremity fractures of 3 extremity fractures. An extremity fracture was defined as a fracture of a long bone i.e. humerus, femur. Initially the trial was planned as randomized double-blind using a fixed sample size. It was executed as a sequential single-blind study only and stopped for ethical reasons before the bounderies were reached and was analyzed according to the advice of an external referee using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.025). Cimetidine was highly effective in preventing stress ulceration in severe polytrauma patients, but mortality was the same in the cimetidine and in the placebo group. PMID- 6998155 TI - [Wilhelm Schneider at 70]. PMID- 6998156 TI - [The function of microphages in chronic recurrent pyodermias]. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function tests were performed in 20 patients suffering from chronic recurrent pyogenic skin infections and, in addition, in 20 healthy individuals. As for in vitro tests, investigations of chemotaxis, intracellular killing and NADH dependent oxidase activity were included. Compared to the control group, a marked impairment of chemotaxis but totally normal microphage motility, a significantly decreased intracellular killing of ingested microorganisms by these phagocytes and an almost phagocytosis of viable and heat inactivated Candida albicans cells could be detected in the examined patients. These results once again demonstrate the extraordinary importance of PMNL in the body's primary defense mechanisms. PMID- 6998157 TI - [Is oral zinc therapy reasonable and risk-free?]. PMID- 6998158 TI - [An interesting mistake by S. Freud]. AB - In a letter to his fiancee, Martha, S. Freud mentions the names of three Jewish festivals, but not that of the fourth, the joy-of-the-law, which is reminiscent of his own name. This omission (Freudian slip) leads us deep into Freuds problematic nature: not only to his own personal complex (his attitude toward his name), but also to his penchant to superstition (fear of death and death wishes) as well as to his hate of religion, for which the hate for his father forms the basis. PMID- 6998159 TI - [Experiences with Wofasteril disinfection in the washing room of bacteriological laboratories]. PMID- 6998160 TI - Radiocarbon dating of a Cro-Magnon population from Padina, Yugoslavia, with some general recommendations for dating human skeletons. PMID- 6998161 TI - [The calvarium of Binshof (Speyer) compared with other Neo-Paleolithic fossils]. PMID- 6998163 TI - [Therapy of pneumonia]. PMID- 6998162 TI - [Safe inlay of bone sgraft in arthrodesis]. AB - Adequate blood supply and complete immobilization are basic requirements for the successful outcome of denudation arthrodesis. These requirements can be ensured by an arrow-shaped bone graft which is impacted in reverse direction into the denuded articular ends. Forthy-three of fifty operated ankle joints and all six operated wrist joints showed satisfactory fusion. PMID- 6998164 TI - [Medical welfare then and now]. PMID- 6998165 TI - [Study of DNA structure using the Barton method]. PMID- 6998166 TI - [Evolution of bacterial plasmids]. PMID- 6998167 TI - [Properties and organization of peripheral tissue insulin receptors]. PMID- 6998168 TI - [Increase in the efficiency of priority research in the scientific institutions of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 6998169 TI - [Leninist principles of public health]. PMID- 6998170 TI - [Evolution of the medical ethical code in the USSR and abroad (principles and practice)]. PMID- 6998171 TI - [Methodologic aspects of the problem of mRNA metabolism in the cell. Structuro functional and historical approaches in biology]. PMID- 6998172 TI - [Semiotic foundation for computer diagnosis]. PMID- 6998174 TI - [Pathogenesis and the basic principles of treating diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6998173 TI - [Theoretical legacy of V. I. Lenin and certain methodologic problems of modern medicine]. PMID- 6998175 TI - [Role of endocrine factors in the processes of adaptation to extreme conditions at high latitudes]. PMID- 6998176 TI - [Carcinogenic aging]. PMID- 6998177 TI - [Prospects for the development of methods of predicting safe substance levels based on "structure-activity" relationships]. PMID- 6998178 TI - Abrasion method for the immediate management of surface thermal injuries of childhood. AB - Retrospectively 173 cases of surface thermal injuries of childhood have been reviewed according to their respective modes of immediate surgical management of abrasion, open and closed-air treatment and discussed with reference to some publications. Despite the application of antibiotic or antiphlogistic dressings in the other two groups, the abrasion method using high speed rotating grinding heads to convert the burn into an easily manageable surgical wound shows a lesser frequency of infection and inflammation and promotes quick natural healing. The method which is not widely used proves conducive in the management of burns in childhood. PMID- 6998179 TI - [A new simple method for correcting the prominent ear caused by isolated ventroposition or hypertrophy of the auricle (author's transl)]. AB - A new operative procedure is described for bat ear abnormality, resulting from isolated hypertrophy of the concha or by a ventriposition of the whole ear. The procedure is described in detail and its advantages are stressed. It is a short operation which does not leave a visible scar and achieves reliable results. The post-operative findings in 11 patients are reported. PMID- 6998180 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy in liver and small bowel grafts in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998182 TI - [Clinical significance of prostate cytology]. AB - The transrectal fine-needle biopsy and the cytological examination of the prostate is a method which is of the same value as the punch biopsy and the histological examination. A carcinoma of the prostate is also to be diagnosed cytologically reliable. The morphological division in several degrees of differentiation--grading--is possible. By grading the biological activity of the carcinoma and thus also the clinical course of the disease is determined as far as possible. Cytological controls of the course under treatment given the possibility to objectify the success of therapy better, from which may result important consequences for the treatment. PMID- 6998181 TI - Granulocyte elastase at the site of cartilage erosion by rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Elastase, an enzyme in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), is like other granular PMN proteases characterized by its degradative activity at physiological pH towards native macromolecules as shown in a serum free medium. Joint tissue specimen obtained during elective surgery in cases of various rheumatic conditions were examined in order to elucidate the role of this enzyme during joint cartilage destruction. An indirect immunofluorescence microscopic technique utilizing a rabbit immunoglobulin G preparation raised against purified elastase was used for this purpose. Immunoreactive elastase was seen bound to cells which were recognized as PMN by their nuclear characteristics and staining in a histochemical reaction with naphtol AS-D chloroacetate. PMN were encountered more or less often in the pannus but clearly accumulated in a significant amount at the pannus-cartilage junction in one case of rheumatic monarthritis and three out of four cases with rheumatoid arthritis. This finding shows that PMN- contrary to other descriptions--belong to the morphologic characteristics of inflammatory rheumatic conditions and directly supports the hypothesis that PMN enzymes play an active role in rheumatoid cartilage destruction. PMID- 6998184 TI - [First report on a cholesterol granuloma of the urinary bladder (cyst of the urachus) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a report on a successfully operated cholesterol granuloma of the urinary bladder in a 73 years old female. As suggested by its topography, the granuloma is best explained, in terms of its origin, as a cyst of the urachus. Its development is thought to be due to an inflammatory mechanism with resultant tissue destruction which triggered the endogenous release of the cell-bound cholesterol. These cholesterol substances, when freely deposited in the tissue, appear to give rise to extensive granulomatous foreign body reactions. PMID- 6998185 TI - [Restoration of fresh and old injuries of the extensior apparatus of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with problems occuring in the operative restoration of the extensor apparatus of the knee-joint (quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament) and refers to indication, suture material, plastic operation by means of a homologous dura graft, by vertical adjustment of the patella, or simultaneous allothroplasty (prosthesis). Special attention is devoted to the possibility of post-traumatic arthroses in the femoro-patellar joint as well as of aseptic patellar necroses after distal pole avulsions. PMID- 6998186 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (14)]. PMID- 6998187 TI - [Superselective endovascular occlusion in a bleeding liver aneurysm with the Serbinenko balloon catheter]. PMID- 6998183 TI - [Pathology of human "zero-hour renal allografts" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998188 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (15)]. PMID- 6998189 TI - [The adequate operation, an essential element of interdisciplinary cancer therapy]. AB - Operative treatment plays a dominant role in our effort for cancer control. The results, e.g. in breast cancer, cancer of the stomach and colon, malignant melanoma, malignant teratoma of the testicle, mixed tumours of the salivary glands, and sarcomas of soft tissues demonstrate that local tumour relapses and/or local metastases may be avoided by adequate, sufficiently radical operative techniques. PMID- 6998190 TI - [Hemostasis in the liver, lungs, and spleen using an infra-red contact coagulator]. AB - Experiments in rats and dogs showed that bleeding of parenchymal organs can be stopped quickly and reliable by using a recently developed infrared contact coagulator (ICC). Haemostasis of liver parenchyma was established in a shorter time than by usual diathermo-coagulation. Due to this reduced time of coagulation smaller regions of necrosis were observed. Bleeding of the dog's spleen could only be stopped by long time coagulation and caused a severe destruction of the tissue. PMID- 6998191 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (16)]. PMID- 6998192 TI - [Sauerbruch in Mulheim]. PMID- 6998193 TI - [Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum]. PMID- 6998195 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (17)]. PMID- 6998196 TI - [Infected pseudoarthroses of the tibia shaft. A collective study]. AB - A clinical report on 252 cases of infected pseudarthroses of the tibia is given: 72.6% after an open fracture. 218 underwent one stabilising procedure, 59 were stabilised twice to 4 times. In 201 cases stabilisation by external fixation, 45 stabilisations by plate osteosynthesis; 234 sequestrectomies, 280 grafts with autogenous cancellous bone, 10% amputations. PMID- 6998194 TI - [Malabsorption from the surgical viewpoint]. AB - Malabsorption following surgical procedures on the GI-tract happens only in rare cases, such as blindloop-syndrome, short gut-syndrome, internal fistulae and dumping syndrome after partial gastric resection. Pathophysiological background and therapeutical possibilities as well as parenteral nutrition are discussed in detail. PMID- 6998198 TI - [Friedrich von Esmarch]. PMID- 6998197 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (18)]. PMID- 6998199 TI - [Studies on E. coli and Kl. pneumoniae on the question of the loss of resistant determinants and the influence of the plasmids RP1 and R100 on the behaviour of these germs in dry and liquid atmopshere with minimal nutritive substances (author's transl)]. AB - It had to be examined if the plasmids have influence on the process of dying or growing of germs in dry or moist atmosphere. Besides it was of interest if the segregation of resistant determinants were to be observed. So the plasmids RP1 or R100 were transferred by conjugation on 5 strains of E. coli and 3 strains of Kl. pneumoniae; for the further examination each strain with RP1 or R100 or without one of these plasmids was available. With these strains examinations on aluminium foil and in aqua bidest at 30 and 40 degrees C were implemented; in another test aqua bidest was enriched with Standard-I-Nutrient-Broth (Merck). By determining the colony forming units in different times we had curves of dying or growing of the germs. After each determination we examined 48 colonies on the loss of resistant determinants. No influence on the process of dying or growing of the strains by plasmids was to be found under the given conditions. In no case loss of resistant determinants was to be checked. PMID- 6998200 TI - [Results of hygienic analyses carried out in galleys, pantries and stock-rooms aboard sea-going vessels (author's transl)]. AB - In the supply area of 120 German and foreign sea-going vessels scratch samples were taken from fixtures and examined bacteriologically. Only a third of the samples was free from E. coli in 1 g sample material. Pathogenic germs were found only rarely.--No distinct differences were detected between German and foreign ships.--Wooden working surfaces were compared with plastic surfaces and it was found that the E. coli count of the wooden surfaces was only half as high as that of the plastic surfaces.--The external impression of cleanliness of the objects examined furnished no clues as to the bacteriological findings. PMID- 6998201 TI - [Hygienic quality of lakes which are used as open-air bath. I. Communication: seasonal variation of total colony count, the number of Escherichia coli and coliforms (author's transl)]. AB - Four lakes situated in the recultivated area of the Rhenish brown-coal district were examined bacteriologically during a period of one year. Total colony count and the number of Escherichia coli and coliforms were determined and compared with the influence of meteorological factors and human and animal impacts. PMID- 6998202 TI - Bathing water control according to the EEC Directive with a critical evaluation of coliforms as pollution indicators in marine environments. AB - The Danish bathing water control system as it has been worked out on the basis of the EEC Directive is described. According to the national tradition a standard for E. coli which is more stringent that the mandatory value in the directive has been maintained. Additionally water which has not distinctly been appointed as bathing water is protected against deterioration in the national legislation. Local authorities have been authorized to prohibit dogs on the beaches. Results from 1978 show that 16284 samples were taken from 1525 sampling points. Acceptable water quality was proved at 1292 stations. Only at 23 stations did local authorities completely prohibit bathing activities. The coast has been classified as excellent, good or unfit for recreational use. In fig. 1 a survey of water quality for the whole country is indicated. The use of coliforms as pollution does not essentially improve the evaluation of the hygienic condition of the water at least in the marine environment. PMID- 6998203 TI - [On coliform status of river water (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was prompted by the finding that the average quotients from the fecal coliforms/total coliforms ratio as a function of the various river sections partly show considerable differences. In order to determine with greater clarity the relationship between these quotients and the water specific factors, we investigated the E. coli/coliform ratio of two sections of a slow-flowing river, both being polluted by identical municipal waste waters but differing in length. For the 24 km long section of the Overwarnow river a mean quotient of 0.21 was obtained, whereas the short section of the Unterwarnow river accounted for a quotient of 0.41, which means that E. coli are influenced by the water-specific effects to a greater extent than the remaining coliform bacteria. The substantiated correlation between the two bacterial parameters makes such quotients appear as magnitudes being associated with the self-cleaning capacity of running river water. Particularly low average quotients would in consequence signal a pollution likely to be caused by toxic waste water. Among the biochemical coliform bacterial verified in the two Warnow river sections, strikingly resistant variants were found which indicate municipal or fecal pollution even when E. coli cannot be identified under special water-ecological conditions. Hence the restriction to the E. coli count as a reliable parameters for fecal pollution may lead to a wrong assessment of the hygienic river water quality. PMID- 6998204 TI - Laboratory induced variations in a standardized Salmonella isolation method. AB - Four microbiologists from four European laboratories came together to a single laboratory for two weeks and during that period examined 100 samples of minced meat artificially contaminated with salmonellae and 100 naturally contaminated samples using a standardized technique. No significant differences were found between the results obtained by the different analysts with 92 to 97 of the artificially contaminated and 30 to 42 of the naturally contaminated samples being found positive. Over a further period of eight weeks, these analysts examined the same number of samples in their own laboratories again using an identical procedure. There were no significant containing approximately 100 salmonellae per gram but significant differences (43 to 93) were found in isolation rates from the artificially contaminated samples copntaining approximately 1 salmonella per gram. The differences in findings between the first and the second part of the experiments may have been caused fairly by variations in media preparation, temperature of incubators, storage conditions of media and thawing conditions of samples etc., and secondly by differences in working conditions such as performing only one task during two weeks in contrast to examining the samples as part of the daily routine. At high levels of contamination, these factors do not appear to have an important influence on the performance of a laboratory. PMID- 6998205 TI - [Enteritis salmonellae in man and animal from 1953 to 1975 in Southern Bavaria (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper gives a survey of the enteritis salmonelloses in man during the years from 1953 to 1975 (19400 first isolations) and in animals in the period from 1965 to 1975 (4600 first isolations and identification) in Southern Bavaria. In Southern Bavaria the number of isolations from enteritis salmonellae in man and animal has strongly increased during the last few years and the same holds good for the number of serotypes (Figs. 1, 2 and tables 1, 2). The most frequent serotypes in man are S. typhi-murium, S. enteritidis, S. panama, and S. thompson; in animals they are S. typhimurium, S. abortus-ovis, S. infantis, S. enteritidis and S. dublin. Now as before, most isolations in man and animal occur in late summer or in autumn, especially in september. From 59 group infections in man, only in 21 cases could the source, but not the origin, be gathered from the records. In view of the short incubation time of salmonella enteritis and its prevalent incidence in medically controlled installations this is ununderstandable and critical. As to the regional distribution of the salmonelloses, the incidence in man is higher in the uban areas, in animals in rural areas. For more details please refer to the cartograms and tables (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8). The regional distributions were analysed under various epidemiological aspects. Thus it was found that roughly a quarter of the salmonella infections in man can be assumed to originate from animals. This is probably due to the fact that selective investigations are missing, although quite frequently in a year far more salmonellae are isolated from animals than from man in some rural districts. Also the present restriction of the inspections to diseased animals is completely inadequate and this is born out by the results obtained e.g. in the Netherlands where animals are slaughtered indiscriminately. The conclusion to be drawn from this and the inadequate entries for samples sent in for analysis is that the health authorities must accelerate and intensify their selective enquiries about the identification and control of the source of infection. This applies particularly to the cooperation with factory physicians and veterinarians. PMID- 6998206 TI - [Studies on survival of Salmonella typhimurium in different types of soils under outdoor climatic conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Subsequent to experimental contamination of the surface of different soils--sand, loam and clay types--persistence of S. typhimurium had been investigated under outdoor climatic conditions over the period June 1977 to Dec. 1978 to judge public health problems resulting from land application of animal manures. The studies showed the following results:--in general survival time of Salmonellae reduced with decreasing temperature both at the soil surface and in deeper soil layers of the correspondent soil-type. Relative to average soil temperatures of 14.1, 3.2 and -0.6 degrees C the Salmonellae showed average survival times of 46.8 d, 32.1 d and 3.3 d respectively (p < 0.01).--by means of infiltration Salmonellae penetrated into the soils. Below soil surface the pathogens exhibited mean survival times approximative twice as long as pathogens remaining at the soil surface. At the soil surface the Salmonellae persisted over an average period of 26 d (3-69 d as a function of soil type), while out of deeper soil layers the pathogens could be reisolated over an average period of 44.7 d (7- > 120 d as a function of soil type), (p < 0.05).--with increasing depth of soil (5 50 cm) frequency of isolation of Salmonellae reduced (p < 0.01). In this connection rate of infiltration seemed to be restricted mostly within the first 15 cm.--the heavier soil types gave better chances for survival of S. typhimurium than the sandy soil types (p < 0.01). This could be shown by the higher isolation rate of Salmonellae from the loam- and clay-type soils (15.9%), compared with the isolation rate of 7.8% from the sandy soil-types.--genuine soil microorgnisms took part in elimination of Salmonellae. The degree of self-decontamination however was not related to the biomass contents of the investigated soils. From the viewpoint of environmental hygiene, the results point to distinct organic loading capacities of soils. This leads to the conclusion that the degree of manuring should be devoted to the capability of self-decontamination of the corresponding soil-type. Relative to heavier soils, this results in longer intervalls of manuring. Related to the spreading of liquid manures, methods have been developed to avoid odor emission by injecting the liquid manures into the soil. These methods seem to be critical from the viewpoint of hygiene, because beneath soil surface pathogenic bacteria, as it could be shown, exhibited survival times for much longer periods than at the surface of the soils. The presented data point to the urgency of decontaminative pretreatments of animal manures (esp. to regions with high density of livestock) before spreading on land. PMID- 6998207 TI - Bacteriological contamination in wastewaters from slaughterhouses. AB - Eighty samples of wastewater from 4 slaugherhouses (A and B pig and cattle, C pig and D cattle slaughterhouse), were examined to determine the bacteriological contamination. At the same time, attention was given to the influence of the types of slaughterhouses and the presence of a guttery on the composition of the bacterial flora in the wastewater. The total viable bacteria at 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C varied from 10(6) to 10(8)/ml. The coliforms and E. coli in the samples of the same slaughterhouse varied widely. The slaughtering of pigs did increase the contamination of wastewater with Salmonella compared with that of the slaughtering of cattle. The cleaning and scraping of the gut increased considerably the number of coliforms, E. coli and Salmonellae. All samples examined were contaminated with Coagulase and/or DNase positive staphylococci of which the maximum number was 1.5 x 1.0(4)/ml. Strains coming from slaughterhouse C belonged to the species Staph, aureus and Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus and those of slaughterhouse D only to the species Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus. PMID- 6998208 TI - [Hygiene in general practice (author's transl)]. AB - This investigation of the hygienic-microbiological situation in general practices included an analysis of hygienic behaviour by questionnaire, environmental examinations by means of "Rodac"-plates and swabs and an efficiency control of sterilising apparatus with spore strips.--It was the aim of the study to find out the present hygineic standards in general practices and to obtain indicatios of possible weak points.--In spite of lacking hygienic consciousness and the mostly insufficient use of disinfectants, the level of contamination of the microbiological environment does not exceed that known from hospitals. Pathogenic staphylococci are demonstrated most frequently and, besides Candida spec., are of special importance. Gram-negative germs, most frequently P. aeruginosa, could be demonstrated but appear comparatively less often. The contamination of hands, common towels, sphygmomanometer cuffs and floors which is well known from hospitals could be confirmed in the general practice. Stethoscopes, soap cakes and journals were, however, less contaminated. Among 103 examined hot air sterilisers 15% failed and in 24% of the cases they were incorrectly operated.- Suggestions for the improvement of practice hygiene are given. PMID- 6998209 TI - [Bovine mastitis caused by Nocardia asteroides. First report in Peru]. PMID- 6998212 TI - [Formation of iron-binding metabolites by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family]. AB - The capacity of Enterobacteriaceae strains cultivated in a synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of catechols and hydroxamates has been studied. Among the strains under study all strains of the genera Salmonella (8 strains), Escherichia (102 strains), Citrobacter (5 strains), Enterobacter (2 strains), Serratia (1 strain) synthesize catechols. In the genus Shigella (128 strains) all Sh. flexneri serovars (79 strains) do not synthesize catechols, other representatives of this genus synthesize iron-fixing metabolites The synthesis of catecholsin the pathogenic Escherichia serovars is 1.5-2 times lower than in the non-pathogenic and opportunistic enterobacterial strains. Among the representatives of the genus Klebsiella (82 strains) catechols are synthesized by Kl. pneumoniae (68 strains) and not synthesized by kl. rhinoscleromatis (5 strains) and Kl. ozaenae (9 strains). Catechols are not synthesized also by all Proteus organisms under study (12 strains). All the enterobacteria under study show no capacity for the accumulation of hydroxamates under the conditions of catechol synthesis. The intensity of the synthesis of catechols depends on the composition of the medium and the conditions of cultivation. PMID- 6998211 TI - Plasmid curing in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic lambs and from a clinically healthy kid. PMID- 6998210 TI - ELISA for measurement of antibody response to a killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine in cattle. PMID- 6998213 TI - [Analysis of the antigeno-immunologic activity of heated leptospirosis vaccine in vaccinees and in an experimental study]. AB - The comparative analysis of the immunological effectiveness of heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine has shown the low immunological effectiveness of the whole preparation (17.8%) and its components with the exception of the antigen of the Grippotyphosa serogroup. Antibodies could be detected in the vaccinees for not more than 10 months, and they showed the properties of 19S macroglobulin antibodies. In experiments on rabbits newly isolated Leptospira strains from human patients and wild rodents, homologous to the vaccinal strains, were found to considerably surpass the latter in their immunogenic properties; this was particularly manifest in strain "Tundra vole No. 180". The use of newly isolated Leptospira strains as vaccinal antigens is recommended. A modified heat killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine should have less antigens, and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the remaining antigens must be equivalent to those of the vaccinal antigen of Leptospira belonging to the Grippotyphosa serogroup. PMID- 6998215 TI - [Use of the basophil degranulation test and the leukocyte migration inhibition test to characterize mycogenic sensitization]. AB - The results of experiments in using the basophil degranulation test and the leukocyte migration inhibition test for the characterization of mycogenous sensitization are presented. The model of mycogenous sensitization was created in guinea pigs by 3 injections of homogenized Candida albicans cells. Immediate allergic reaction is shown to develop earlier, as indicated by the results of the determination of homocytotropic antibody tites in passive skin anaphylaxis and by the results of the basophil degranulation test, than the appearance of delayed hypersensitivity detected by the leukocyte migration inhibition test. PMID- 6998214 TI - [Immunologic aspects of gerontology]. PMID- 6998216 TI - [Methods of specific immunotherapy in experimental immediate-type allergy to streptococcus. II. Morphologic study]. PMID- 6998217 TI - [Military-epidemiologic doctrine (from experience with protecting armed forces against epidemics during World War II, 1941--1945)]. PMID- 6998218 TI - [Clinico-immunologic parallels in acute dysentery patients treated in different manners]. PMID- 6998219 TI - [Quarantine service and anti-epidemic measures in the Ukraine during the 18th century]. PMID- 6998220 TI - [In memory of Pavel Feliksovich Zdrodovskii (1890-1980)]. PMID- 6998221 TI - [Edwardsiella tarda]. PMID- 6998222 TI - [Certain lessons from the experience of the World War II, 1941-1945, and work to be done for further improvement of communicable disease control]. PMID- 6998223 TI - [Current notions on the systematics of staphylococci]. PMID- 6998224 TI - [Value of a 2-phase system in the cultivation of microbioobjects]. PMID- 6998225 TI - [War and protection against epidemics]. PMID- 6998227 TI - [Certain algorhythms for parametric control of microbial biomass synthesis]. PMID- 6998226 TI - [Prospects for production of improved preparations of preventing infectious diseases]. PMID- 6998229 TI - [Clinical and morphologic findings in akinetic speech conditions]. AB - Results of clinical and psychological examinations of 10 patients with various manifestations of speech akinesia are presented. Four of these patients have developed the syndrome of akinetic mutism. An analysis of the time course of the akinetic mutism formation and a comparison of the symptoms of its initial stage with the manifestations of the speech akinesia observed in the course of stereotaxic operations performed for therapeutic purpose in 6 patients with extrapyramid system diseases allow a conclusion that there exists a common mechanism of various manifestations of speech akinesia consisting in insufficiency of motivation stimulation. Data of anatomo-histopathological examination of the brain of 2 patients who had the akinetic mutism point to a great rle of the frontal divisions of the cortex and its associative connections in the complicated, multi-level structural and functional basis of speech akinesia. PMID- 6998228 TI - [Dissemination of Bdellovibrio acteriovorus in animals and their interaction with the agents of acute intestinal infections]. AB - Cows, horses, pigs and ducks have been found to contain Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in their intestine and to constantly excrete them with feces into the environment. These microorganisms have not been detected in the feces of man, white mice, frogs and fish. Bdellovibrio, if introduced together with Shigella or after them, prevent the development of keratoconjunctivitis in some of the rabbits. No manifestations of the lytic activity of Bdellovibrio in relation to Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae have been observed in the intestine of white mice and young rabbits. PMID- 6998230 TI - [Nature of antigens antibodies to which are detected in the serum of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The study was conducted by the immune absorption method. The serum activity before and after absorption was studied with the cytotoxic test and the fluorescent antibody method. The studies demonstrated that antibodies, detected in the blood serum of patients and normals differ not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. It was established as well that antibodies detected in normals may be completely absorbed by the brain and thymus of mice or by similar human tissues. In absorption of antibodies in patients by tissues of mice, the activity of the sera entirely disappears. On the contrary, the brain tissue and human thymocytes only insignificantly decrease the serum titres in patients. PMID- 6998231 TI - [Centennial of B. S. Doinikov's birthday (1879-1948)]. PMID- 6998232 TI - [Status spongiosus of cerebral and spinal cord matter (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6998233 TI - [Multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of pathological reactions observed following the administration of psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 6998234 TI - [State of central hemodynamics in cerebral arterial aneurysms in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - Central hemodynamics was studied by the method of dye (indigo carmine) dilution in 44 persons, 34 of whom had saccular aneurysms of the cerebral arteries in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 10 formed the control group. Central hemodynamics changed depending on the condition of the patient. In a satisfactory and moderately severe condition, the cardiac output (minute circulation, volume, stroke volume cardiac index) was increased. In a severe and extremely severe conditions, the values of the cardiac output and the volumes of circulating blood, plasma, and red cells were sharply reduced, while peripheral resistance was increased. PMID- 6998235 TI - [Stereotaxic clipping of cerebral arteriovenous aneurysms]. AB - The method of stereotaxic clipping was used in the surgical treatment of 14 patients on whom 16 operations were conducted for clipping of the afferent vessels of arteriovenous aneurysms. A stereotaxic atlas was used for the first time to determine the localization of the aneurysms and the structures they occupied. In 12 patients the aneurysms were found to be unsuitable for radical operation. Besides angiography, examination of the volumetric cerebral blood flow was conducted by the modified Kety and Schmidt method to appraise the eficacy of the operation. The examination of 5 patients showed marked (approximately by half) decrease in the bloodflow after operation in 3 patients and its normalization in 2 patients. PMID- 6998237 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase over-production in hydroxyurea resistant mouse cells. PMID- 6998236 TI - A possible role of cytoplasmic thioltransferase in the intracellular degradation of disulfide-containing proteins. PMID- 6998238 TI - The insulin test and recurrence of ulcer after vagotomy and antral resection or drainage. Interpretation of results of postoperative insulin tests by single and multiple criteria. PMID- 6998239 TI - Prophylactic metronidazole in prevention of infection after appendicectomy: report of a double-blind trial. AB - A randomized double-blind trial was carried out in 405 patients undergoing appendicectomy to assess the prophylactic effect of metronidazole in postoperative infection. 200 patients received metronidazole and 206 received placebo. Preoperatively all patients were given an intravenous infusion of metronidazole or placebo. In patients with a perforated appendix postoperative medication was continued with suppositories containing either metronidazole or a placebo plus additional chemotherapy with penicillin and streptomycin. The infection rate in patients with a non-perforated appendix was 8% in the placebo group and 1% among those receiving metronidazole. In patients with a perforated appendix, the corresponding figures were 45% and 0%. These differences are statistically significant. B. fragilis and E. coli were isolated from the majority of the postoperative infections;. most often in a mixed culture. Both intravenous and rectal administration of metronidazole gave adequate blood levels. No side effects were encountered. PMID- 6998240 TI - Insulinopenia in impaired glucose tolerance preservation of insulin response to I.V. arginine and tolbutamide. AB - Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) response to successive i.v. injections of glucose (0.3 g/kg), arginine (5 g) and tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) was measured in 11 non obese patients with mild glucose intolerance and 11 control subjects. In 3 of the patients the IRI response to i.v. arginine and subsequent i.v. glucose was also measured. The mean peak IRI level following glucose was grossly diminished in the patients compared to controls but peak IRI levels following arginine and tolbutamide were similar in the two groups. Administering arginine prior to glucose in the 3 patients tested resulted in a lowering of the IRI response to arginine but no increase in the IRI response to glucose. The decreased IRI response to i.v. glucose associated with an adequate response to i.v. arginine and tolbutamide in these patients suggests a failure of the B-cell sensor mechanism for glucose and may provide a physiological explanation for the recognized value of restricting carbohydrate relative to protein in the treatment of this condition. Any defect in the sensor mechanism for arginine appears quantitatively much less severe than that to glucose. PMID- 6998241 TI - Blood glucose and serum insulin levels following acute and chronic pentoxifylline administration. AB - Twenty-two patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism and 16 diabetic patients, all 38 having peripheral occlusive arterial disease, took part in an investigation into the effect of pentoxifylline on blood glucose and serum insulin following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Pentoxifylline was administered by the i.v. route and the investigation took the form of an acute study (200 mg) and a 14-day chronic study (400 mg). Neither acute nor chronic medication elicited any change in blood glucose or serum insulin. Pentoxifylline does not affect blood glucose. PMID- 6998242 TI - Evidence for a limited role of NAD(P)H in the nutritional regulation of glucagon release: studies with menadione and NH4Cl. AB - Menadione and NH4Cl were reported to lower the islet content of reduced pyridine nucleotides. They were used to investigate the possible significance of NAD(P)H in the regulation of glucagon release by glucose and arginine. Menadione (10-25 mumol/l) enhanced arginine-stimulated glucagon release at a low glucose concentration (3.3 mmol/l), but failed both to affect glucagon secretion in the sole presence of glucose (3.3 mmol/l) and to suppress the inhibitory action of glucose 11.1 mmol/l upon glucagon output. In contrast to menadione, NH4Cl inhibited arginine-stimulated glucagon release at the low glucose concentration. The inhibitory action of glucose in high concentration upon glucagon release was not suppressed by NH4Cl. These findings do not permit to extrapolate to the A2 cell the concept that reduced pyridine nucleotides represent a major coupling factor in the nutritional regulation of hormonal release. PMID- 6998243 TI - Care of pregnant diabetics: medical aspects. AB - A method has been worked out for the intensive care of pregnant diabetics with the object of preventing damage both to the mother and the fetus. The method requires close cooperation between a team of doctors including obstetrician, internist and pediatrician. The present paper reports the experience of the first two years of application of the method and refers to a total of 75 women. The main point consists in an attempt to maintain a normal blood glucose level by administering increasing doses of insulin. Periods of inpatient management alternated with close outpatient control. Of the 75 insulin-dependent diabetics 45% had severe diabetes (White classes D-F); nevertheless, perinatal mortality was only 5.78 per cent. It is worth stressing that the 25 diabetics who came under intensive care before conception or in the early stages of pregnancy all gave birth to live healthy babies. PMID- 6998244 TI - The validity of C-peptide measurement in the diagnosis of factitious hypoglycemia. AB - The case is presented of a 32-year-old obese diabetic nurse, with a history of recent hypoglycemic episodes. Estimation of immunologically measurable insulin during hypoglycemia after an overnight fast revealed high values, while simultaneous determination of serum C-peptide failed to show an increase. This combination is considered pathognomonic for factitious hyperinsulinism. After the hidden vial was discovered and presented to her, the patient finally admitted that she had been surreptitiously injecting insulin. PMID- 6998245 TI - Effect of acute hypercalcaemia on glucose tolerance and insulin release in human beings. AB - Insulin secretion in response to an oral glucose challenge during acute hypercalcaemia was studied. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in 12 non-diabetic, non-obese human volunteers, aged 20-28 years. Blood samples were collected for calcium, glucose and insulin determination. The next day the same volunteers received a 4 h infusion of calcium gluconate (15 mg/kg/4 h) and were administered glucose 1 h after starting the infusion. Serum calcium, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured again. Infusion of calcium gluconate resulted in an increase in serum calcium concentration of 5 mg/100 ml over 4 h. During these infusions no significant changes in glucose concentrations were noted. On the other hand, the total mean insulin concentration, expressed as the area under the 3 h glucose tolerance curve, and the insulin peak at 30 min were significantly increased during hypercalcaemia (P < 0.001). These data indicate that acute hypercalcaemia does not affect carbohydrate tolerance but increases insulin secretion in human beings. PMID- 6998247 TI - Studies on the relationship between LDL binding lymphocytes and B cells: analysis with a fluorescence activated cell sorter. PMID- 6998246 TI - Some observations concerning the role of progesterone in the control of ovulation. AB - Pre-ovulatory LH-surges in 4-day cyclic rats (4d-r) were postponed 1,4, or 8 days by treatment with progesterone (P), or 1 day by treatment with pentobarbitone just prior to the onset of the 'critical period' on pro-oestrus. P-delayed LH surges tend to become higher with increasing duration of the preceding anovulatory period: 1 day-delayed surges were as high as 5d-r surges (i.e. about twice as high as spontaneous 4d-r surges); 8 days-delayed surges were significantly higher. Compared with 4d-r surges the time of onset and zenith of P delayed surges is significantly advanced. The 1 day-pentobarbitone-delayed surges too were as high as 5d-r surges, but still timed as 4d-r surges. On no 'artificial' pro-oestrus day did the responsiveness of the pituitary differ from the 'normal' pro-oestrus responsiveness. It is concluded that P influences the timing but not the height of pre-ovulatory LH-surges. PMID- 6998248 TI - Soluble immune complexes in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. AB - The occurrence of soluble immune complexes (IC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, four acute polyradiculoneuritis patients, 30 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 30 patients with disc prolapse (DP) was examined by a solid phase C1q-protein A binding assay (C1q PABA) and a complement consumption test. IC-positive reactions were observed only in the C1q-PABA. The binding indices determined by the C1q-PABA differed significantly (P < 0.01) when the MS or the OND patient groups were compared to the DP group. No significant (P < 0.1) difference was observed between the indices in the MS and OND groups. Binding indices in C1q-PABA showed no correlation either to IgG concentration, total protein concentration or cell counts in CSF of MS patients. Three of the four polyradiculoneuritis patients were strongly IC-positive while the fourth patient was negative. Filtration and PEG-precipitation data indicated that a major part of the IgG-containing IC in CSF detected by C1q-PABA was of macromolecular nature. PMID- 6998250 TI - Propranolol (Inderal) and clonidine (Catapressan) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. A comparative trial. AB - Twenty-one patients continued a double-blind crossover study to compare the prophylactic effect on migraine of propranolol and clonidine. The daily dosage of propranolol and clonidine was 160 mg and 100 microgram, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between the two drugs in respect to headache or nausea. The number of sickleave days and the use of symptomatic drugs were both less on propranolol treatment than on clonidine, but there was no statistically conclusive difference. PMID- 6998249 TI - Value of saliva samples in monitoring carbamazepine concentrations in epileptic patients. AB - Simultaneous saliva and serum concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) were determined by enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT) in 120 epileptic patients on long-term treatment with CBZ. Saliva specimens were collected after the patients had chewed paraffin for 5 min. The regression between serum and saliva concentrations of CBZ was linear. The correlation coefficient was 0.94 with a mean saliva/serum ratio of 0.31 (0.30-0.31, 95% confidence limits). The serum/saliva correlation coefficients r = 0.92 and r = 0.95, as well as the mean saliva/serum ratios, 0.31 and 0.31, were comparable in 83 patients in CBZ monotherapy and 37 patients receiving additional drugs. The paraffin chewing facilitated the saliva sampling greatly, but resulted only in a minor increase of the serum/saliva correlation coefficient, 0.90 to 0.94, based on 45 patients on CBZ monotherapy where saliva was sampled just before as well as after paraffin chewing. The method of saliva sampling failed in five patients (4%), but was otherwise applicable even in little children. The findings indicate that the concentrations of CBZ in saliva instead of serum can be used to monitor CBZ treatment in epileptic patients, thus obviating the necessity of painful venipunctures. PMID- 6998252 TI - Immunolabeling of SSPE and wild-type measles viruses in ferret brain cell culture. AB - Immunocytochemical studies using horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody were undertaken in an attempt to determine whether there are detectable antigenic differences which correlate with the biological properties of differences which correlate with the biological properties of different strains of SSPE and wild type measles virus grown in ferret bran cell cultures. The rabbit anti-measles hyperimmune serum used in this experiment contained antibodies to all the measles virus proteins when tested by immunoprecipitation. When cells infected with the wild-type measles or productive SSPE virus strains were treated with this serum, heavy deposits of reaction product were seen on the cell membrane and virion envelope. When SSPE serum which contained relativly little antibody to the M protein was applied, a clear unlabeled area was evident just beneath the surface label. Cells infected with the non-productive SSPE strains were labeled by both sera in a spotty or discontinuous pattern on the outer surface of the cell membrane. The differences in membrane labeling seem to reflect differences in the expression of viral membrane proteins by the various SSPE and measles virus strains. PMID- 6998253 TI - Blood flow and vascular pressure in the dental pulp. Summary. AB - The present summary is a review and a discussion of the following papers (I-V), submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor Odontologiae at the University of Bergen. I. Blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs measured by local H2 gas desaturation technique. Arch. Oral Biol. 1975, 20, 73-79. Co-author: K. Aukland II. The effect of variations in arterial blood pressure and baroreceptor reflexes on pulpal blood flow in dogs. Arch. Oral. Biol.1975, 20, 345-349 III. Effect of vasodilating drugs on external carotid and pulpal blood flow in dogs: "Stealing" of dental perfusion pressurE. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1976, 97, 75-87 IV. Nervous control of blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1978, 104, 13-23. Co-author: G. Naess V. Microvascular pressure in the dental pulp and gingiva in cats. Acta Odontol. Scand. 1979, 37, 161-168. Co-author: G. Naess Other papers are referred to in the conventional manner. PMID- 6998254 TI - Type III glycogenosis with deposition of urate and amyloid. AB - A case of a 44-year-old man with hepatic form of glycogenosis was presented. The patient had abdominal distension and muscular weakness. The glucose tolerance test showed a diabetic pattern, though he had hypoglycemia in fasting state. The fructose tolerance test showed an ability of conversion from fructose to glucose. The double glucagon test showed no rise of blood glucose in fasting state but a rise 2 hours after meal. These symptoms and laboratory data supported the clinical diagnosis of type III glycogenosis. At autopsy, glycogen was markedly deposited in the liver, and slightly in the kidneys and heart. The glycogen pooled in the hepatic cells histochemically showed a normal reaction to several glycogen stainings. Electron microscopy by using Thiery's method revealed that the pooled glycogen particles were clearly arranged as rosettes measuring 1,000A in largest diameter composed of clustered monoparticulates. There were marked hyalinization of the islets of Langerhans containing amyloid. As to its pathogenesis, this change can be interpreted as a morphological expression of the hypofunction of beta-cells ascribed to long-standing hypoglycemia. PMID- 6998251 TI - Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man. AB - Interactions between analgesics and anti-epileptic drugs may sometimes present a serious clinical problem. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of usually applied doses of dextropropoxyphene (DPX) on the steady state levels of carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (DPH) and phenobarbital (PB). Sixteen patients in monotherapy completed the trial, while four patients dropped out. In patients on CBZ serum levels increased (mean appr. 66%) after 6 days on DPX. In three of the patients a further increase was seen after an additional week on DPX. One patient discontinued the DPX intake because of clinical signs of toxicity, but the remainder were clinically unaffected. CBZ-epoxide levels declined simultaneously. For DPH only a doubtful increase was observed after 1-2 weeks on DPX. For PB an average increase of 20% in serum level was noted after 1 week. The protein binding of CBZ and DPH was not affected. It is concluded that patients on CBZ should be treated only with DPX if monitored properly. Patients on DPH or PB should be followed carefully until further evidence has been produced. PMID- 6998255 TI - Sensitivity of Serratia to tetracycline. AB - S. marcescens had two levels of resistance to tetracycline, bacteriostatic end points 32 and 180 microgram/ml; the latter group consisted of strains resistant to carbenicillin and to streptomycinl S. plymouthica, S.l liquefaciens, and S. marinorubra were sensitive to tetracycline with the last-named as the least sensitive species. Less difference was found between the bactericidal end-points of the four species, but there was still 1-2 two-fold steps between S. marcescens and the remaining three species. PMID- 6998256 TI - Rapid steady-state analysis of blood-brain glucose transfer in rat. AB - A new kinetic analysis of blood-brain glucose transport is described, based on a steady-state model that takes account of cerebral blood flow, mean capillary glucose concentration, and cerebral metabolic rate. The maximal rate (Tmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) of glucose transport from blood to brain were determined in rats by measuring the rate of blood-to-brain glucose transfer at different blood glucose concentrations. Each determination lasted 20 seconds. For whole-brain, Tmax and Km averaged 258 +/- 33 (S.E.) mumol L(100 g)-1 min-1 and 5.9 +/- 1.6 (S.E.) mmol 1-1, respectively. The regional variations were insignificant. The new approach permits kinetic parameters to be measured locally in brain in rapidly changing functional states. PMID- 6998257 TI - Renal blood flow distribution during E. coli endotoxin shock in dog. AB - The effect of endotoxin on renal blood flow distribution was studied in anesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow was measured as hydrogen clearance by platinum electrodes placed in outer and in inner halves of cortex and by electromagnetic flowmeter. Intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin, 3-5 mg/kg b. wt., promptly reduced arterial blood pressure (AP) and renal blood flow. After a transient increase for 45 min AP and renal blood flow declined to about 50% of the control 2 1/2-3 h after injection. The reduction in outer cortical blood flow (OCF) was not significantly different from the reduction in inner cortical blood flow (ICF). The hematocrit (Hct) increased from 40.1 +/- 3.8% to 54.6 +/- 8%, but mean renal vascular resistance did not change. Total plasma protein concentration was not significantly elevated. A marked local flow variability was observed in some periods during the phase of shock with declining AP and total renal blood flow at high Hct. Thus renal blood flow showed phasic changes, but the OCF/ICF ratio was not changed during endotoxin shock. Local blood flow instability was observed periodically at high Hct. PMID- 6998258 TI - Association of human enteric pathogenicity and mouse lung toxicity of Escherichia coli. AB - Mouse lung toxicity of 439 strains (431 Escherichia coli, 1 Shigella dysenteriae 1, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 5 Vibrio sp., 1 Klebsiella) was compared to other pathogenicity tests (mouse virulence, enterotoxicity, guinea pig eye test), to serogroup distribution, loss of virulence on storage, origin and haemolytic activity. Mouse lethality was highest in serogroup O4 (p < 0.001), O18a,c (p < 0.001); serogroups O6, O20, O75, O115, O147 were next in order. E. coli serogroups O19, O26, O28a,b, O32, O51, O53, O55, O73, O78, O79, O83, O105, O111, O112, O114, O117, O119, O124, O129, O136, O142 failed to show lung toxicity. Strains O4 and O18 isolated at different periods of time did not differ significantly in the lung test (p = 0.05, p = 0.01, p > 0.1, p = 0.05, p > 0.1). There was no significant difference between strains isolated from the stools of patients with enteritis and of healthy individuals (p = 0.1, p > 0.99) and between those isolated from all faecal specimens and from extraintestinal samples (p = 0.05, p > 0.3). There was no correlation between lung toxicity and other pathogenicity tests. Since strains isolated from healthy individuals were also toxic for mice, a positive lung test cannot be considered a criterion of the aetiological role of the agent. PMID- 6998259 TI - Estimation of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - By Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) purified cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins can be detected as sensitively as by CHO cells. There is a linear relationship between toxin concentrations and extinction values. In plates sensitized with toxins, antitoxins can be titrated with high sensitivity. ELISA cross-titration experiments demonstrate the existing antigenic relationship between cholera toxin and heat labile E. coli enterotoxin. Plates sensitized with either anti-E, coli-IgG or anti-cholera-IgG are suitable for detecting both cholera toxin, and E. coli LT. ELISA seems to be a simple, sensitive and economic method for quantitation of enterotoxins and toxin-specific antibodies. PMID- 6998261 TI - Roster of members of the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf 1980. PMID- 6998262 TI - Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in the neonate. AB - In the past 40 years, the predominant organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis have changed. Whereas Group A betahemolytic streptococci were originally most common and staphylococci later became the major pathogens, Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci have become increasingly important in recent years. Predisposing factors include premature rupture of membranes, prolonged difficult labor, prematurity and congenital anomalies. The causes and clinical features of early onset infection (in the first week of life) and late-onset infection are different. PMID- 6998260 TI - Age influence on the immune system. PMID- 6998263 TI - A new approach to improved metabolic control in diabetics: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. PMID- 6998265 TI - The digestive tract as a cause of chest pain. PMID- 6998266 TI - Migration of redundant pacing electrode. PMID- 6998264 TI - Arrhythmias in sleep apnea. AB - A 23-year-old black female was referred to the University Hospital of Oklahoma because of "sleep trouble." She complained of falling asleep easily during the daytime. A sleep study was performed which showed prolonged apnea, up to 35 seconds, and prolonged asystole, up to seven seconds, with second-degree heart block. A tracheostomy was performed. She had lost some weight and did well until six months later, when she developed severe throbbing headache with visual blurring. She came to the emergency room and an ECG showed sinus bradycardia with prolonged sinus pauses, up to 2.6 seconds, and first- and second-degree AV block. She had no hypoxia and atropine was ineffective. Electrophysiologic studies were performed. Details of the case are described and mechanisms of the arrhythmias are discussed. PMID- 6998267 TI - IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. AB - On 3/4/80, a Special communication was received from the Acting Director of the National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Program and the Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This documents the current availability of IARC Monographs concerning the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Since this information is of vital interest to many in the profession, the Special Communication is published herewith. All inquiries, requests for information and orders for documents should be directed to the organizations and addresses set forth in the text. PMID- 6998268 TI - Extent of industrial exposure to epichlorohydrin, vinyl fluoride, vinyl bromide and ethylene dibromide. AB - Industrial hygiene studies of epichlorohydrin, vinyl fluoride, vinyl bromide and ethylene dibromide were conducted as part of an industry-wide evaluation of suspect cancer-causing chemical agents. At present there is no evidence that workers are experiencing adverse health effects at the reported exposure levels. Continued efforts to minimize worker exposure are recommended. PMID- 6998269 TI - Implications of probability analysis on the strategy used for noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease. Role of single or combined use of exercise electrocardiographic testing, radionuclide cineangiography and myocardial perfusion imaging. PMID- 6998271 TI - Transcutaneous method of measuring Doppler cardiac output--I. Comparison of transcutaneous and juxta-aortic Doppler velocity signals with catheter and cuff electromagnetic flowmeter measurements in closed and open chest dogs. AB - Cardiac output values obtained by thermodilution technique in 20 closed and open chest dogs were compared with values obtained by multiplying the integral of Doppler systolic velocity signals of aortic flow in 1 minute by the cross sectional area of the aortic root. Doppler velocity signals were measured either from immediately outside the proximal aortic wall or from outside the chest wall during (1) the baseline state, (2) after 500 ml of hemorrhage, and (3) after reinfusion, (4) after administration of propranolol, and (5) during infusion of dopamine. In addition, Doppler "stroke volume" waveforms were compared with those obtained by electromagnetic flowmeter. Results showed a close similarity between Doppler signals and electromagnetic waveforms, and a close correlatin between Doppler and thermodilution values for cardiac output except at heart rates exceeding 160 beats/min. The studies showed the transcutaneous Doppler method of measuring cardiac output to be an accurate and reliable technique with application to clinical heart disease. PMID- 6998272 TI - Transcutaneous Doppler method of measuring cardiac output--II. Noninvasive measurement by transcutaneous Doppler aortic blood velocity integration and M mode echocardiography. AB - In 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (group I) and in 14 patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization (group II) cardiac output values obtained by multiplying the 1 minute sum of the systolic integral of aortic blood flow velocity by the average systolic diameter of the aortic root were compared with values obtained with the thermodilution and Fick methods, respetively. Patients in group I were studied under various hemodynamic conditions, whereas those in group II were studied in the baseline state conditions, whereas those in group II were studied in the baseline state only. In group I, the correlation between the two methods was excellent (r values ranged from 0.96 to 0.99) except in one severely anemic patient whose Doppler signals were noisy, but at heart rates exceeding 150 beats/min it was not as good. In group II, the correlatin between the two methods was r = 0.96 with a standard error of the estimate of 0.226 liter. The Doppler method is totally noninvasive and is useful for monitoring changes in cardiac output in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6998270 TI - Pathogenesis of paroxysmal hypertension developing during and after coronary bypass surgery: a study of hemodynamic and humoral factors. AB - A prospective study of hypertension first appearing during and after saphenous vein bypass coronary surgery was performed in 28 patients to examine the incidence, hemodynamics and mechanism of this problem. In 15 patients (54 percent) new hypertension developed (mean arterial pressure greater than 107 mm Hg), characterized by increased peripheral vascular resistance and unchanged cardiac output within 1 hour after surgery. These 15 patients had a longer history of angina of greater severity, but also had relatively well preserved ventricular myocardium. Because plasma renin activity was depressed in patients in the hypertensive group, activation of the renin-angiotensin system was not important in the pathogenesis of this postoperative hypertension. The expected decrease in total peripheral resistance at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass was observed in all patients, but later during bypass the peripheral resistance increased in all patients in association with a rise in plasma epinephrine levels. Patients who had hypertension postoperatively had a greater increase in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass than did those with normal postoperative blood pressure. An elevation in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration, suggesting enhanced sympathoadrenal responsiveness to the challenge of cardiopulmonary bypass, was characteristic of the hypertensive group. This evidence of enhanced sympathetic activity during surgery may be a useful predictor of the development of postoperative hypertension. PMID- 6998273 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor, submandibular glands of Tfm/Y mice. AB - The submandibular glands of mice with testicular feminization (Tfm/Y) and their normal adult male littermates (Ta/Y) were studied by immunocytochemical techniques for the demonstration of epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), renin and protease A. In the glands of both the affected and normal males, these polypeptides were restricted to cells of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT), with the exception of protease A, which was also found in small amounts in striated duct cells. Compared to those of Ta/Y males, GCTs were narrower in the glands of Tfm/Y mice and contained a markedly reduced number of cells immunoreactive for EGF, NGF and renin. However, the number of GCT cells that stained for protease A in the glands of Tfm/Y males was not as drastically decreased. PMID- 6998276 TI - Immunoperoxidase detection of immunoglobulins in cells of immunoproliferative diseases. A comparison between conjugate and nonconjugate (PAP) procedures. AB - Two immunoperoxidase procedures, direct conjugate and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) nonconjugate, were compared by studying surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in identical smeared or embedded material from patients having various conditions involving B-cell proliferation. The direct procedure was carried out with affinity-purified antibodies; the PAP procedure was carried out with commercially available antisera and in some experiments by also using purified antibodies as a primary layer. This study confirms the feasibility of both procedures for staining human B cells, although surface immunoglobulins were not visualized in tissue sections. By comparing the phenotypes obtained with both procedures, this study also emphasizes the need for highly specific reagents and the possible shortcoming represented by contaminating specificities present in the first serum layer of the PAP procedure. Diluting primary antiserum was effective in eliminating such unwanted specificities, but at the same time could alter the genuine phenotype of cells. This study emphasizes the need for highly specific reagents such as solid-phase immunoadsorbed antibodies. PMID- 6998275 TI - Plasma glucagon and alpha-amino acid nitrogen response to various diets in normal humans. PMID- 6998274 TI - Effect of isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a sucrose load. AB - Ten men and nine women aged 35 to 55 consumed two diets for 6 weeks each in a cross-over design. The diets were composed of identical natural foods and 30% of the calories as either sucrose or wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. The dietary pattern consisted of two meals divided so as to provide 10% of the calories at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% of the calories at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Initial body weights were essentially maintained. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after th subjects consumed the sucrose rather than the starch diet. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after 6 weeks on diet than during pretest. These results suggest that the increases in insulin levels observed after sucrose feeding may be mediated by an effect on the enteric hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide. PMID- 6998277 TI - Processing control and cost in bacteriology. AB - Controlled processing was applied to lower respiratory, wound, and cervicovaginal exudates, and urine. The extent of processing was determined by assessment of quality in direct smears and/or by limits placed on complete identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates in mixed cultures. Some specimens were not cultured; others were cultured, but certain isolates were identified by colonial morphologic features only. The time in minutes for performing 22 processing operations was determined. The average number of operations performed with processing control was established along with the total cost per minute of labor expended. A 19% reduction was observed in the time expended with controlled processing relative to projected time expended without processing controls. Urine specimens yielded the greatest saving. Processing control speeds recollection of poor-quality specimens, provides reporting of results of examination of all Gram-stained direct smears, minimizes reporting of information potentially misleading to physicians, and may reduce other health care costs through improved patient care. PMID- 6998278 TI - A tribute to Dr. Philip Levine. PMID- 6998279 TI - The 1979 Division 27 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: Emory L. Cowen. PMID- 6998280 TI - Is propranolol alone really beneficial in neonatal thyrotoxicosis? Bradycardia and hypoglycemia evoke the doctrine of primum non nocere. PMID- 6998281 TI - Mitogenic response to Toxocara antigen and chemotactic defect in visceral larva migrans. AB - A 3-year-old girl had the typical features of visceral larva migrans syndrome, including hypereosinophilia, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, and elevated serum IgG, IgE, and isohemagglutinin titers. A marked mitogenic response of her cultured lymphocytes to Toxocara antigen but not to Ascaris antigen was found. A neutrophil chemotactic abnormality ot Escherichia coli culture filtrates and zymosan-activated sera was also demonstrated, which partially corrected after she was treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate. PMID- 6998282 TI - Acute iron poisoning. A review. PMID- 6998283 TI - Peritonitis in patients with liver disease and ascites. Use of Candida albicans as a microbiological clue in differential diagnosis. AB - Peritonitis in patients with pre-existing liver disease and ascites may be secondary to a local abdominal condition which potentially requires surgery for cure, or alternatively, may be spontaneous in origin. For the latter, antimicrobials are therapeutic while surgery is contraindicated. An easily accessible and important clue for distinguishing these forms of peritonitis may be found in the microbiology of ascitic fluid. Visualization on gram stain smear or recovery on culture of multiple organisms and/or anaerobes favors local abdominal disease over spontaneous peritonitis. The presence of Candida species in the ascitic fluid of such patients, although less common, is highly significant. In the absence of peritoneal dialysis, recent abdominal surgery, or risk factors for disseminated candidiasis, the isolation of Candida suggests specifically gastrointestinal perforation. PMID- 6998286 TI - A tribute to Abe Lilienfeld. PMID- 6998285 TI - Symposium in honor of Abraham M. Lilienfeld. Chronic disease epidemiology at the threshold of a new decade. PMID- 6998284 TI - A randomized double-blind trial of glucagon in treatment of first attack of severe acute pancreatitis without associated biliary disease. AB - The effects of glucagon versus placebo were evaluated in a double-blind trial including only patients with a first attack of severe acute pancreatitis not associated with biliary disease. All 22 patients had deterioriation of their clinical condition, elevated serum amylase and pulse rate above 100/min. or shock. An initial dose of 1 mg. glucagon was given as a bolus injection followed by infusion of 6 mg. in 1,500 ml. saline/24 hr. for three days. All were treated with nasogastric decompression, fluids, calcium and antibiotics. Severe complications developed in five of the 10 patients receiving glucagon and in eight of the 12 given a placebo. Three of the 10 (glucagon) and five of the 12 (placebo) died from these complications. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was found in 11 patients at laparotomy or autopsy. Three of the five with hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the glucagon group and four of the six in the placebo group died. Pooling the data of the present and two other studies makes it probable that glucagon has no effect on mortality from acute severe pancreatitis. PMID- 6998287 TI - Primary prevention of heart attacks: the multiple risk factor intervention trial. PMID- 6998288 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and recurrent thromboembolism. PMID- 6998289 TI - Heterogeneity of hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6998290 TI - Selection of an oral erythromycin product. AB - The chemistry, bioavailability, and adverse effects of erythromycin base, stearate, estolate, and ethylsuccinate are reviewed. Criteria for the evaluation of erythromycin bioavailability studies include study design, patient population, meal composition and timing, and assay methodology. Based on these criteria, the bioavailability of individual erythromycin products are evaluated in this paper. Compared with other antibiotics, the erythromycins have a good safety record. However, both the estolate and ethylsuccinate forms of erythromycin may cause hepatotoxity. Considering bioavailability and adverse effect data, a specific brand of enteric-coated erythromycin base tablets is recommended for erythromycin sensitive infections in adults. For pediatric patients, a liquid formulation of erythromycin estolate or erythromycin ethylsuccinate is recommended. PMID- 6998292 TI - Increased immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the blood of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6998291 TI - Factors influencing blood pressure in salt-sensitive patients with hypertension. PMID- 6998293 TI - Adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Clinical findings and response to therapy. PMID- 6998295 TI - Topics in microbiology: 1979 #1. PMID- 6998296 TI - Presentation of the Rous Whipple Award to Earl Benditt. PMID- 6998294 TI - Disopyramide (Norpace)-induced hypoglycemia. AB - Disopyramide (Norpace) is a recently released antiarrhythmic agent with quinidine like actions, but structurally unique. We describe a patient in whom impressive hypoglycemia developed following treatment with this agent. Blood glucose levels returned to normal after cessation of therapy, but dropped again following rechallenge with the drug. The pathogenesis of the hypoglycemia was investigated by assessment of serum insulin, plasma glucagon and serum alanine levels during disopyramide rechallenge. Clinicians should be aware of fasting hypoglycemia as an unusual but potentially serious complication of disopyramide therapy. PMID- 6998297 TI - A proteaselike permeability factor in guinea pig skin: contact activation of the latent permeability factor and its nature as a prekallikrein activator. AB - A proteaselike permeability factor in guinea pig skin, which was fractionated in a latent form into pseudoglobulin fractions, was activated by contact with kaolin particles at neutral pH. This contact activation was not prevented by the presence of 1 M KCl but was strongly inhibited by the simultaneous presence of hexadimethrine bromide. In this activation, the latent permeability factor was first bound to kaolin; later an active form permeability factor was released from the kaolin-bound parent molecule. Prekallikrein activator activity was also generated in this supernatant from the pretreated kaolin particle in the same time course as the permeability factor generation. Moreover, since the prekallikrein activator and permeability factor were always observed at the same fractions in every purification step, with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing, these two molecules were recognized as identical. These results indicate that the latent permeability factor in the guinea pig skin has properties similar to those of the plasma Hageman factor. PMID- 6998299 TI - Age differences in craniofacial dimensions among adults from Indian Knoll, Kentucky. PMID- 6998300 TI - The pattern of involvement of appendicular degenerative joint disease. AB - Patterns of degenerative joint disease are investigated in the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints of the macerated remains of approximately 800 individuals from 20th century American and two prehistoric populations. Age is an important contributory factor in all joints, but its effects are seen most directly in the shoulder and hip. Patterns of right-left involvement also indicate the elbow is the most susceptible area to local factors. Multiple joint involvement is seen more often in females from contemporary populations but more often in males from archeological groups. No significant association is found between degenerative involvement and osteometric measurements, and cause of death is probably only incidentally associated with degenerative disease. PMID- 6998301 TI - Cranial capacity/cranial base relationships and prediction of vault form: a canonical correlation analysis. AB - Canonical correlation analysis was used to test an hypothesized morphological relationship between vault form and cranial capacity relative to length of the chondrocranium. Ninety-five adult male Czech skulls were measured for vault form expressed as length, width and height of the brain case; the chondrocranium was represented by nasion-basion and basion-opisthion lengths. In terms of explained variation, the first and most important dimension of covariation between vault and chondrocranial variables was size. The second most significant dimension of covariation expressed the hypothesized shape relationships--i.e., overall size being equal, the shorter the chondrocranial base relative to cranial capacity, the shorter and wider the vault. Furthermore, the competing hypothesis that vault form is determined by facial length proved untenable since facial length was predictive of vault shape only when measured as prosthion-basion, a measure that incorporates basal length. When corrected for basal length, facial length is unrelated to vault form. The results are consistent with the assumption that phylogenetic and microevolutionary trends toward brachycephaly in man stem from changes in the relationship between two components of skull growth, the chondrocranial base and the brain. PMID- 6998303 TI - Frontal sinus size in Eskimo populations. AB - The frontal sinuses of 143 Eskimo skulls from two sites in the Hudson Bay region of Canada were examined radiographically. No between-site or sex differences were noted in the size of the sinuses. On average, the sinuses are small and often bilaterally absent. The Canadian samples have smaller sinuses than reported for Alaskan Eskimos or American Indian groups. PMID- 6998302 TI - Autopsies on two native American Mummies. AB - An interdisciplinary team performed autopsies on an adult male and an infant male mummy from the American Southwest. Cause of death has not been determined for the infant. The presence of an unhealed skull fracture associated with an apparent hematoma in the adult male is suggestive of trauma as the cause of death in the adult. Evidence of disease is minimal. Analysis of powder thought to be dried blood from the thoracic cavity of the adult suggests the presence of human IgG. The instability of this protein may indicate the presence of proteolytic activity by enzymes that degrade immunoglobulins upon rehydration. The possibility of enzymatic degradation of proteins will be an important factor in future studies of such immunoglobulins in mummy remains and also indicates the importance of maintaining the desiccated condition of mummy tissues. PMID- 6998304 TI - Transcendental meditation verus muscle relaxation: two-year follow-up of a controlled experiment. AB - In this questionnaire survey the authors measured the outcome among 20 students randomly assigned to muscle relaxation training and 19 assigned to transcendental mediatation at one year (the number of respondents in each group was 13 and 16, respectively) and two and one-half years (the number of respondents was 18 and 17, respectively). At both follow-ups there were no differences between the groups in frequency of practice or satisfaction. In both groups, less than 25% reported more than moderate satisfaction, and less than 20% practices as mush as once per week. Subjects' expectancies at nine weeks predicted their satisfaction and frequency of practice at two and on-half years. The authors conclude that although some subjects (15%-20%) to enjoy and continue to practice transcendental meditation, it is not universally beneficial. PMID- 6998305 TI - Alan A. Stone, M.D. One hundred and Eighth President, 1979--1980. PMID- 6998306 TI - The recent decline in mortality of the extreme aged: an analysis of statistical data. AB - Official U.S. statistics reveal a 26 per cent decline in the mortality rate for the extreme aged population (persons 85 years and over) between 1966 and 1977. This reduction was greater than that exhibited by other adult age groups and substantially larger than earlier declines for the extreme aged. This study examines the possible effect of statistical artifacts, such as errors in population estimation, on the changed mortality trend. Data from the Social Security files on Medicare enrollment are utilized to test the accuracy of population estimates for the extreme aged. Mortality rates are decomposed by selected cause of death, sex, and race to determine the influence of demographic, social, and health factors on the shift in the pattern. The results of the analysis indicate that substantial real reduction in mortality has occurred among the elderly population. Reductions among females continue to exceed those among males, but less markedly than in the past. Rates for nonwhites are subject to particularly large margins of error due to incorrect population estimates. A sharp downturn in the age-adjusted rates for the cardiovascular diseases, which are more common among the aged, appears to account for the relatively greater reduction in mortality in this age group. PMID- 6998307 TI - Medicaid monitoring. PMID- 6998298 TI - The human eosinophil: roles in host defense and tissue injury. PMID- 6998308 TI - Monitoring ambulatory care: impact of a surveillance program on clinical practice patterns in New York City. AB - Administrative records of the Title XIX (Medicaid) Program of New York City were reviewed to determine the impact of a surveillance system introduced to monitor physician billing. Billing patterns of the physicians subject to program sanctions, as well as the larger universe of all participating New York City physicians, showed changes coincident with the introduction of the surveillance program: utilization of x-rays, lab tests, injections, and first visit billing decreased. PMID- 6998309 TI - [Bromocryptin in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6998311 TI - [Determination of fetal maturity from the phospholipid content of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6998313 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in obstetrical practice (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6998312 TI - [Use, toxicity and effect of carbon disulfide on the female genital system and reproduction (a review)]. PMID- 6998314 TI - [Use of mechanical apparatus for suturing in gynecology]. PMID- 6998310 TI - [Effect of nicotine on the mother, fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 6998315 TI - Political issues and the Veterans Administration medical program. PMID- 6998316 TI - Rapid determination of cell volume density in mammalian cell suspensions. PMID- 6998317 TI - Conditions for ethanol precipitation of active 50 S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6998319 TI - Enzyme channeling immunoassay: a new homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique. PMID- 6998318 TI - Specificity of bovine enterokinase toward protein substrates. PMID- 6998322 TI - Paul Gibbons Roofe, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Anatomy. PMID- 6998320 TI - A thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantitative separation and estimation of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylethionine in rat liver. PMID- 6998321 TI - A method of HRP bathing of transected peripheral nerves using a rubber bag.--Its technique and advantage. AB - The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) bathing method of transected peripheral nerves using a small rubber bag is described and its advantage for labeling neurons is evaluated. In order to apply the HRP to the peripheral nerves, a small rubber bag of appropriate size for the nerves to be bathed was made and was filled with a solution of 20% HRP. The proximal stump of the transected nerve was then inserted into the rubber bag. Nerve cell bodies, retrogradely labeled by this method, were observed to be intense. HRP diffusion to the surrounding tissues was considered negligible at the bathing region. The method presented in this paper is useful adjacent to methods previously reported for HRP application to the peripheral nerves. To illustrate this method, the results of the HRP bathing of either the chorda tympani or the intermediofacial nerve in cats were described. PMID- 6998323 TI - A random arrangement of albumin-containing hepatocytes seen with histo immunologic methods. I. Verification of the artifact. AB - The cellular and subcellular localization of albumin in hepatocytes of adult male rats was established with immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Livers were fixed while either filled or devoid of blood. In some rats, prior treatment with cycloheximide was used to deplete the albumin content of hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence of blood-free livers from untreated rats showed that all hepatocytes contained albumin. However, using the peroxidase method, the amount of immunoprecipitate in cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was so slight that specific localization of albumin was impossible. Yet in all cases, a positive reaction for the presence of albumin was seen on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, immunofluorescence of blood-filled livers from untreated rats and those previously injected with cycloheximide showed that only a few scattered hepatocytes were positive for albumin. In these cases, subcellular localization of albumin was obvious because the immunoprecipitate was found in heavy concentration, buy only in the cytosol compartment. PMID- 6998324 TI - A random arrangement of albumin-containing hepatocytes seen with histo immunologic methods. II. Conditions that produce the artifact. AB - The cellular immunolocalization of albumin in rat liver has been studied as a function of various physiological and physical conditions. Our observations show that the prime requisite for accurate immunolocalization of albumin and other hepatic-based proteins is the complete removal of blood and especially plasma from sinusoids and the perisinusoidal space of Disse prior to fixation. Fixation of blood-filled liver specimens results in the antifactual entrance of plasma constituents into hepatocytes. When the fixative used in formaldehyde, the artifactual uptake occurs primarily into hepatocytes that have a high glycogen content. Fixation of blood-filled liver with acetic acid-ethanol causes a massive influx of plasma into all hepatocytes. On the contrary, with blood-free liver, varying the type of fixative consistently demonstrates that all hepatocytes normally contain albumin, transferrin, and fibrinogen simultaneously. Increasing the time between cessation of blood flow and outright fixation by either withholding the fixative or by impeding its diffusion through the specimen causes a progressive loss of antigenicity of albumin. The same result ensues when specimens remain in contact with the fixative for an extended time. PMID- 6998325 TI - Hormonal and hemodynamic changes induced by pentolinium and propranolol during surgical correction of scoliosis. PMID- 6998326 TI - Anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 6998328 TI - Coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6998327 TI - Hypoxemia following cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6998329 TI - The diabetic foot. PMID- 6998330 TI - Thrombophlebitis: diagnostic techniques. AB - A review of the extensive literature on the diagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) is presented. DVT affects approximately 10% of all patients with superficial thrombophlebitis. Many authors have shown that the clinical finding of DVT are unreliable. Although pulmonary emboli are relatively frequent in all patients with calf DVT, these emboli are generally not associated with clincial events. Venography is the "gold standard" of diagnostic tests, but it is too cumbersome to be practical as a screening procedure. Radioisotope labeled fibrinogen is reasonable accurate in diagnosing calf DVT, but much less so in proximal lesions. The results of Doppler ultrasound and impedance plethysmography (IPG) agree with those of venography in 90% of the cases of proximal DVT. PMID- 6998331 TI - The leukocytic food allergy test: a study of its reliability and reproducibility. Effect of diet and sublingual food drops on this test. AB - The reproducibility of the cytotoxic food test was studied with aliquots of the same blood sample done in duplicate, as well as repeatedly retesting the same patient. The effect on the test of ingestion of foods and of sublingual food drops was studied. The cytotoxic food test is found unreliable as a diagnostic test. It fluctuates considerably from day to day and from week to week without relation to the foods ingested or to the administration of sublingual food drops. The cytotoxic food test and sublingual provocative food test are both unreliable for diagnosis of food allergy. PMID- 6998332 TI - Currently available methods for home mold surveys. II. Examples of problem homes surveyed. AB - Results of mold surveys in seven homes are reported. The advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for mold evaluation are illustrated. No one sampling technique is adequate for detection of endogenous mold problems. Ideally, one should incorporate direct Scotch tape imprints, direct cultures of suspected material, Andersen sampling and a rotorod study to obtain an accurate assessment of the endogenous mold population. PMID- 6998333 TI - Legionnaires' disease bacterium: prevalence of antibody reacting with the organism in patients suspected of having infection with Pneumocystis carinii. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence, we examined 713 serum specimens submitted for Pneumocystis carinii serologic studies from 566 patients for antibody to the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. This group was chosen because it presumably consisted largely of immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory illnesses. Of patients tested, 3.4% had titers of 1:128 or greater to Legionella pneumophila. Four (3.7%) of 107 patients for whom multiple specimens were submitted showed diagnostic increases in titer. The proportion of seropositive specimens did not vary with the age, sex, or geographic location of the patients or with season of the year in which the specimens were submitted. In a separate group of 138 serum specimens from 48 patients undergoing marrow transplantation, only 1 seropositive specimen was detected. No estimate of incidence is possible from these studies, but serologic evidence of past or current infection with Legionella pneumophila is uncommon in patients in whom Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is suspected on clinical grounds. Nevertheless, Legionnaires' disease can affect the immunosuppressed host and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in such a patient. PMID- 6998335 TI - Membrane lungs for acute respiratory failure: current status. PMID- 6998334 TI - Pregnancy and the lung. PMID- 6998336 TI - Immune stimulation of lung bactericidal activity: evidence for both cellular and humoral participation after immunization with Serratia marcescens. AB - Mice were immunized by aerosol or by a parenteral route with Serratia marcescens, and subsequently challenged by aerosol with both Staphylococcus aureus and S. marcescens. After a single aerosol immunization, intrapulmonary bactericidal activity was initially enhanced against both organisms. Repetitive aerosol immunization caused the same initial response; however, after antistaphylococcal activity returned to normal, enhanced antiserratia activity was still demonstrable. Parenteral immunization was associated with increased in situ bactericidal activity against both organisms with more pronounced antiserratia activity. Intracellular bactericidal activity against S. aureus of lung phagocytes harvested from mice after aerosol immunization with serratia paralleled the above findings. Aerosol immunization also resulted in recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These data suggested that macrophage activation, leukocyte recruitment, and local antibody are important contributing factors to heightened lung antibacterial activity after aerosol immunization with S. marcescens. PMID- 6998338 TI - The award of the Trudeau Medal for 1980. PMID- 6998337 TI - Rifampin-isoniazid therapy of alcoholic and nonalcoholic tuberculous patients in a U.S. Public Health Service Cooperative Therapy Trial. AB - A history of alcoholism is often regarded as a relative contraindication to the use of isoniazid and rifampin in patients with tuberculosis. To test the validity of this assumption the outcome of 6 months of rifampin-isoniazid therapy was analyzed for the first 531 eligible patients enrolled in a U.S. Public Health Service Cooperative Trial of Short-Course Chemotherapy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In this study, data were available to classify a patient as an alcoholic in the following 2 ways: (1) patient's statement that he was a moderate, heavy, or excessive user of alcohol, or (2) patient's score of 6 or more on a Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Based on their statements, 58% of the patients were classified as alcoholic, whereas only 17.9% were thus classified by their MAST scores. Although alcoholics had more abnormal concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and during therapy, there was no significant difference between the alcoholics and non-alcoholics in the incidence of adverse reactions, including hepatotoxic reactions, including hepatotoxic reactions, attributed to the drugs. We concluded that in the absence of clinically significant and persistent pretreatment abnormalities of hepatic function tests, rifampin and isoniazid are not contraindicated in patients categorized as alcoholic by our 2 commonly used methods. PMID- 6998339 TI - [Transient neonatal diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - A case of transient diabetes "mellitus" in a newborn infant with secondary hypertonic dehydration is presented. Authors review the problematical ethiology of this rare disease and a commentary is made on the adequate control of their case with continuous endovenous infusion of insulin. PMID- 6998341 TI - [Effect of polyoxyethylene glycol by products on Candida albicans cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998340 TI - Immunopathological study of the larynx. IgA distribution and secretory activity. AB - Using immunofluorescent and histopathological techniques, we studied the distribution and secretory activity of the glands of the larynx from 55 humans. The cavity of the larynx was covered with secretory glandular cells with the exception of the true vocal cords, aryepiglottic folds and upper part of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. Immunofluorescent study revealed the presence of IgG and other immunoglobulins throughout the connective tissue ground in each laryngeal mucosa. The most striking was seen in the staining pattern of IgA. Diffuse fluorescence for IgA was observed not only in the submucosal or periglandular connective tissue area but also in the intraeptithelial or submucosa glands. Secretory component synthesis was found mainly in each serous type glandular epithelium or acinus. In the submucosa or periglandular area, IgA producing plasma cells were numerous. Our observations suggest that IgA, produced locally, is secreted via the glandular cells as secretory component--SIgA. Secretory activity of SIgA in these glandular tissues indicates that the larynx is possibly an immunologically active organ in the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 6998342 TI - Trophic interactions in neurogenesis: a personal historical account. PMID- 6998344 TI - Cellular recognition during neural development. PMID- 6998345 TI - Retinotectal specificity: models and experiments in search of a mapping function. PMID- 6998343 TI - The generation of neuromuscular specificity. PMID- 6998346 TI - Developmental neurobiology of invertebrates. PMID- 6998348 TI - Inlays in fixed prosthodontics: a case report. PMID- 6998347 TI - Kuntscher bone nailing -- forecast and actuality. AB - The first description in the English language of Kuntscher nailing by the originator himself in 1948 is reviewed. His predictions regarding its possibilities in bone and joint surgery are compared with their fulfillment in later years. PMID- 6998349 TI - [Jean-Jacques Bounhiol, 1905-1979]. PMID- 6998350 TI - [Recent data on somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) (author's transl)]. AB - Data on somatomedins have resulted from the convergence of two initially distinct lines of research relating to the two major aspects of their biological activities, their effects on cartilage growth and their insulin-like action. Human serum has yielded three factors, SM-A, SM-C and NSILA-S. The latter comprises two very similar polypeptides, IGF I and IGF II which structurally closely resemble proinsulin. A fourth factor, MSA, has been isolated from calf serum and from conditioned medium of a rat liver cell strain. All these chemically and biologically closely related factors have a molecular weight of approximately 7 500 but circulate in a form with much higher molecular weight owing to their binding to specific carrier proteins. Over the past five years, the use of purified somatomedins has led to rapid progress in the elucidation of the physiology of these hormones. In this review, present knowledge of somatomedins is analysed in the following terms: physiochemical properties, circulating forms, action on growth, insulin-like activity, interaction with receptors, immunological characteristics, biosynthesis and hormonal regulation of their blood level. Results obtained in our laboratory from rat liver organ culture are discussed: the action of culture media on cartilage sulphation, the detection of a protein which specifically binds NSILA-S and SM-A and its use in a competitive protein binding assay for somatomedins in biological fluids. PMID- 6998351 TI - [Morphological aspects of the etiopathogenesis of human diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - From a morphological point of view, two distinct pathological pictures emerge in the common types of human diabtetes. The first is characterized in the initial phase of the disease by inflammatory lesions in the islets of Langerhans. These lead to fibrosis and apparent atrophy of the islets, which in a more advanced stage are composed of non-insulin-producing cells, the B-cells having been largely destroyed. This picture is specific and diagnostic for the classical insulin-dependent type of diabetes, which occurs more often in young individuals. The second is characterized by a variable, but on the average moderate reduction of the number of B-cells, and by degenerative islet changes (fibrosis, hyalinosis). Despite the long lasting hyperglycemia to which they have been submitted, the B-cells fail to develop cytological features of hyperactivity. This pathological picture is associated with the classical insulin-independent, maturity-onset type of diabetes. PMID- 6998352 TI - Insulin release: biochemical and biophysical aspects. PMID- 6998353 TI - [Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of ADCC]. PMID- 6998354 TI - Depressed cell-mediated immunity in chronic dermatophytic infections. AB - The immune response was studied in 10 patients with benign dermatophytosis and in 5 patients with a severe affection. At the humoral level no deficiencies were observed in both groups. However, all patients showed a marked and constant increase in IgE level. Skin test response in various concentrations of antigens as well as studies of activation of lymphocytes by specific and non-specific mitogens in vitro have demonstrated a depressed cell-mediated immunity. This anergy, however, is not an "all-or-one" phenomenon; it varies, and there seems to be a direct relationship between the state of anergy and the severity of the cases. Furthermore, certain discrepancies were observed between the in vivo and in vitro responses suggesting that defective cellular immune reactions in dermatophytosis may be symptomatic of a lack of some humoral factor and do not necessarily reflect an intrinsic cellular defect. Finally, among these 15 patients, 7 were brothers and sisters from 3 separate and unrelated families, suggesting an autosomal hereditary influence. PMID- 6998355 TI - Anamnestic response to a thymus-independent antigen, TNP-LPS in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice: dominance of the IgG secondary response of the C57BL/6 mice in the F1 hybrids. AB - The primary and secondary immune responses to a thymus-independent antigen, TNP LPS, were investigated in C57BL/6, DBA/2 and (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice. While there is no evidence that TNP-LPS induces immunological memory in DBA/2 mice, a definite priming effect has been observed in C57BL/6 mice. Memory is revealed by the appearrance of antibody-forming cells of the IgG isotype. The differentiation of B micron precursors into B gamma memory cells is a dominant phenotype, since it is also found in the F1 C57BL/6 x DBA/2 hybrids. PMID- 6998356 TI - Mitogenic properties of mycostatin for murine B cells. PMID- 6998358 TI - Usefulness and limitations of murine tumor models for the identification of new antitumor agents. AB - Murine tumor systems that have been employed in the identification of most of the known antitumor agents are reviewed and their usefulness and limitations in the identification of new antitumor agents is discussed. A new antitumor screening program has been initiated by the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute which employs human tumors growing in athymic mice. The questions addressed using this screen and representative data are presented. PMID- 6998357 TI - Design of cancer chemotherapy: experimental and clinical approaches. PMID- 6998359 TI - DNA repair mechanisms and cytotoxicity of antitumour alkylating agents and neutral platinum complexes. AB - There are many indications that the cytotoxic action of a number of different antitumour agents, including chlorambucil and cis-platinum (II) diammine dichloride, is due to their ability to react with DNA and thereby inactivate it as a template for DNA replication. Moreover, the sensitivity of cells to these agents is related to their ability, either to remove the damage from DNA by some form of excision repair process, or to circumvent the lesions during DNA replication by so-called post-replication repair. PMID- 6998360 TI - Heterogeneity of tumor cells. AB - Investigations of cell clones isolated in vitro, or selected in vivo, have shown that tumor cell populations are heterogenous. The isolated cell clones or cell subpopulations originating from a single tumor may differ in a variety of biological and biochemical characteristics. Genetic lability and selective pressure are the most probable mechanisms by which a proliferating tumor cell population becomes heterogenous. Differences in drug sensitivity of cell subpopulations within a tumor represent a major limitation in tumor sampling procedures for tests predictive of effective chemotherapy. Different drug sensitivity was found when comparing human cancer cell samples from a primary solid tumor with those obtained from ascites, different metastatic nodes, or even in samples from different areas within the same tumor. PMID- 6998361 TI - Separation of solid tumor cell populations. AB - Separation of subpopulations of cells from mouse solid tumors has been achieved with two methods: centrifugal elutriation and equilibrium density centrifugation. Elutriation resulted in enrichment of normal cells, and of tumor cells in specific cell cycle phases. Density centrifugation appeared to separate the well oxygenated from the chronically hypoxic cells. These methods have been used to determine in vivo the cell-cycle phase-dependent cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs toward tumor cells. PMID- 6998362 TI - Experimental chemotherapy of human tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice. AB - Human tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice offer the most realistic model for experimental chemotherapy of human neoplasms. Almost all the known human malignancies have been successfully transplanted in the nudes, although the rate of takes varies considerably between different tumor types. So far, a good correlation has been observed between the results obtained treating with the same drug the same tumor in the patient and in the nude mouse. Our experience in this field is, however, still too limited for the direct extrapolation of chemotherapeutic results obtained in the nudes to human tumors. PMID- 6998363 TI - Tumor heterotransplants in diffusion chambers. PMID- 6998364 TI - Folate and anti-folate transport in mammalian cells. AB - The transport of folate by murine leukemia cells, hepatic cells, choroid plexus and intestine is a complicated process involving at least two different carrier mediated processes and/or passive diffusion by certain cells. Although there are marked similarities between many of the models studied, there are also striking differences, especially with regards to specificity of the transport system. This review compares and contrasts these different systems as well as briefly examining the role of folate binders and newer techniques for studying folate and anti-folate delivery to cells. PMID- 6998365 TI - Intracellular nucleotide pools and their significance in antimetabolite therapy. AB - The regulatory properties of several ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides are outlined as a basis for a discussion of the modes of action of selected antimetabolites. Particular attention is devoted both to the perturbations induced by these agents in nucleotide pools and to the stability of endogenous pools as determinants of cytotoxicity. Attempts to modulate the activites of antimetabolites, either with specific nucleic acid presursors, or with other agents are discussed briefly. PMID- 6998367 TI - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in human bone marrow and leukaemic cells. AB - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools have been measured in nucleated bone marrow cells from normal subjects and from patients with leukaemia. The deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations were increased approximately 3-fold in patients with leukaemia and other myeloproliferative diseases. The dNTP concentrations in bone marrow from patients with drug resistant acute leukaemia were also measured, and in general they were lower in resistant than sensitive marrow cells, although the deoxycytidine triphosphate level was relatively increased in the resistant cells. dNTP concentrations have also been measured in cultured human leukaemic cells and phytohaemagglutinin stimulated normal lymphocytes. As in other cells, the dNTP concentrations have been noted to fluctuate during the cell cycle and in relationship to the cellular proliferative rate. Measurement of dNTP concentrations in human bone marrow and leukaemic cells is practical but there are major problems relating to the preparation of bone marrow for dNTP measurement. Further studies of dNTP pool changes in animals following drug treatment in vivo are necessary in order to improve methods of preparing cell populations for these biochemical measurements. PMID- 6998366 TI - The design of cancer chemotherapy: metabolic modulation and cellular de novo versus salvage metabolism. AB - Attempts were made to evaluate the degree of utilization of 'salvage' and de novo purine and pyrimidine metabolites by normal and tumor cells. The significance of unique ribonucleotide pools and their ratios were also investigated. The results indicate that while normal bone marrow cells appear to depend almost exclusively on salvage pathways for their nucleic acid synthesis, tumor cells appear to utilize both the de novo and salvage pathways. The degree of dependence of tumor cells on these pathways appears to vary considerably. Utilizing this unique difference between tumor and normal cells, attempts were made to utilize the salvage precursors with the hope of modifying selectively the effects of antimetabolites against tumor cells in vivo. Results indicate that thymidine can potentiate the in vivo toxicity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and fluorouracil. The degree of modulation by normal metabolites appears to correlate with the level of circulating salvage metabolites. PMID- 6998368 TI - [Variability of a Cephalosporium acremonium culture for 2 quantitative traits: antibiotic formation and proteolytic activity]. AB - Exposure of Cephalosporium acremonium, strain 1435, to N-nitrozo-N-methylbiuret resulted in a changed variation coefficient with respect to two quantitative features--the antibiotic production and proteolytic activity. Correlation between the variation coefficient and mutagen exposure time was different for every feature. Positive correlation was found in variation with respect to the antibiotic production and proteolytic activity in populations of various Cephalosporium acremonium strains chosen with regard to one or two of the above features. The level and form of the correlation in variation of the above features in populations changed during selection. Selection according to the two quantitative features resulted in an increased correlation coefficient. PMID- 6998369 TI - [Stimulation of nonspecific body resistance in transplantation]. AB - The experiments on mice showed in principle a possibility of using prodigiozan, a stimulant of the host immunobiological reactivity together with immunodepressants in transplantation. Imuran in doses of 25 or 60 mg/kg and prednisolone in doses of 30 or 50 mg/kg were used on alternate days at a rate of 5 injections of every drug per course. Prodigiozan was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg on the 4th and 8th-9th days of the immunodepressant administration. Addition of prodigiozan to the scheme of the combined use of the immunodepressants provided an increase in the survival rate of mice with staphylococcal and coli infections and prolongation of the skin allotransplant rejection time. No effect of prodigiozan on immune depression due to imuran was observed. The results suggest that screening of drugs for the use in transplanthology for prevention of infectious complications in the presence of immunostimulants is advisable among stimulants of the host nonspecific resistance. PMID- 6998370 TI - [L-asparaginase study results (phase II of the clinical trials)]. AB - Phase II clinical trials of L-asparaginase of leunase manufactured by "Kyowa" (Japan) was performed in cooperation by 5 institutions of the USSR on 49 patients with various forms of hemoblastosis, including 15 patients aged 1 to 15 and 34 patients aged 16 to 75. The drug was used in a daily dose of 200 IU per 1 kg body weight administered as intravenous drips daily for 2--3 weeks. The daily dose was divided into 2 doses administered at an interval of 12 hours. The efficiency of the treatment did not depend on the patients' sex. Significant efficiency of leunase was observed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (85.7 per cent). The use of the drug in treatment of adults with systemic malignant blood affections was less effective. Some effects recorded in patients with generalized forms of hematosarcoma were transient. The following side effects were noted: nausea, vomiting in 8 children and 13 adults, allergic reactions in the form of pruritus and rashes in 8 adults, impairment of liver and pancreatic functions in 2 children and 1 adult. Acute pancreatonecrosis was recorded in one child. The effect on the peripheral blood was insignificant. Leunase has probably no advantages as compared to other L-asparaginase preparations. PMID- 6998371 TI - [Clinical study of sodium dicloxacillin for intravenous administration in heart surgery patients]. AB - Sodium dicloxacillin for intravenous administration manufactured in the USSR was studied clinically in 21 cardiosurgical patients. The patients were operated with the use of artificial circulation. 16 patients received the drug for counteracting purulent inflammatory complications during the postoperative period. 5 septic patients were treated with dicloxacillin with curative purposes. The antibiotic proved to be highly effective in treatment and prevention of postoperative purulent complications in patients subjected to open-heart operations. 80 per cent of the Gram-stained isolates were sensitive to dicloxacillin. No pronounced complications with respect to the liver were observed in the patients treated with dicloxacillin. PMID- 6998372 TI - [New aminoglycosides effective with regard to resistant bacteria]. PMID- 6998373 TI - Cefroxadine (CGP-9000), an orally active cephalosporin. AB - Cefroxadine (GCP-9000; CXD), 7 beta[D-2-amino-2-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)-acetamido] 3-methoxy-ceph-3-em-carboxylic acid, is a new orally active cephalosporin derivative. The spectrum of antibacterial activity of CXD is identical with that of cephalexin (CEX), but CXD was twofold more effective than CEX against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, CXD was as stable to penicillinase as CEX, but it was hydrolyzed by cephalosporinase, with a relative rate of hydrolysis similar to that of CEX. The affinities of CXD and CEX to penicillin binding proteins of E. coli were estimated; the affinity of CXD to penicillin binding protein 1Bs was higher than that of CEX. Consistent with this, CXD had more intensive lytic activity than CEX. In vivo antibacterial activities of CXD and CEX were compared using systemic infections of mice with E. coli and K. pneumoniae; CXD was consistently more active than CEX. PMID- 6998375 TI - Radiometric prescreen for antitumor activity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain. AB - After modification, a technique for radiometrically measuring bacterial growth has been applied to a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assay is based on inhibition of 14CO2 release from [14C]glucose, which provides an extremely sensitive measure of cellular respiratory activity and growth. The criterion for antitumor activity is the differential inhibition of wild-type and mutant (distorted cell membrane) strains of the yeast. The system was optimized for medium, time of incubation, temperature, and size of inoculum. Known antitumor agents, including bleomycin, actinomycin D, adriamycin, and ellipticine were tested in the system, and differential inhibition was observed. Vincristine showed no inhibitory effects at the concentrations tried. The sensitivity for 20% inhibition ranged from 0.8 micrograms of adriamycin per ml to 0.14 mg of ellipticine per ml. Antifungal agents such as amphotericin B exhibited no differential inhibition. Antibacterial agents were inactive. This method may provide a rapid, sensitive, in vitro quantitative assay for antitumor agents which could be applied to a variety of assay needs and which can be run with facilities and equipment available in most laboratories. PMID- 6998374 TI - Susceptibility of Clostridium botulinum to thirteen antimicrobial agents. AB - A total of 224 strains of Clostridium botulinum (including isolates from 14 patients with infant botulism and 4 with wound botulism) and 15 strains of C. sporogenes were tested by agar dilution for susceptibility to tetracycline, metronidazole, erythromycin, penicillin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin. At least 90% of the C. botulinum strains tested (except for nonproteolytic strains of toxin type F with penicillin) were susceptible to all drugs except sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for strains from patients with infant and wound botulism were similar to those for other C. botulinum strains. PMID- 6998376 TI - New translocation sequence mediating tetracycline resistance found in Escherichia coli pathogenic for piglets. AB - A discrete piece of deoxyribonucleic acid coding for tetracycline (Tc) resistance was found to move from one R plasmid to another in an Escherichia coli strain which is pathogenic for piglets. Since this phenomenon took place also in rec strains, the Tc segment was classified as a transposon and called Tn804. Restriction enzyme analysis with EcoRI, BglII, and HindIII indicated that Tn804 is related to Tn10, a well-known transposon that codes for resistance to tetracycline. Hybridization between plasmids carrying the two transposons provided proof of homology between Tn10 and prt of Tn804. Electron microscopic studies showed a transposon-like structure composed of one loop-stem structure with inverted repetitions of approximately 0.9 megadaltons inserted into the loop of a second loop-stem structure. It is suggested that Tn804 is composed of Tn10 plus another transposable sequence. PMID- 6998377 TI - Purification and properties of cephalosporinase in Escherichia coli. AB - Cephalosporin beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) was purified from a strain of Escherichia coli resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was 39,000 from sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 8.7. The specific activity was 31.7 mumol/min per mg of protein of the purified enzyme for the hydrolysis of cephaloridine. The optimal pH was about 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 36 degrees C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, some divalent metallic ions, semisynthetic penicillins, cefuroxime-type cephalosporins, and cephamycin derivatives. The enzymological properties of the purified preparation have been compared with those of beta-lactamases from other gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6998378 TI - Herpes gestationis associated with the C3 nephritic factor. AB - Herpes gestationis (HG) is a rare, blistering disease of pregnancy and the puerperium that has immunologic findings of C3 with or without IgG deposited in a linear, band-like distribution along the dermoepidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ). A circulating IgG factor has been demonstrated that will fix complement by the classic pathway in vitro. This study involves a patient who had classic HG with C3 at the BMZ, and who had a circulating factor with activity via the alternative complement pathway similar to the previously described C3 nephritic factor found in patients with partial lipodystrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Like the C3 nephritic factor, the activity was detected in IgG fractions of serum samples. PMID- 6998380 TI - Pretibial myxedema. PMID- 6998379 TI - Verrucous carcinoma in a reanl transplant patient after long-term immunosuppression. PMID- 6998381 TI - Comparison of hexachlorophane and chlorhexidine powders in prevention of neonatal infection. AB - The protective effect of treating the skin of newborn infants with powders containing 1% chlorhexidine or 0.33% hexachlorophane was compared. Each was equally effective in preventing colonisation and infection by Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the skin became profusely colonised by coagulase-negative staphylococci, irrespective of the powder used. Venous blood concentrations of chlorhexidine were low or undetectable in the few infants whose blood was analysed. PMID- 6998382 TI - Proteus mirabilis meningitis and cerebral abscess in the newborn period. AB - Three cases of Proteus mirabilis meningitis in neonates are reported, in 2 of which abscess formation was proved neuroradiologically. All neonates with P. mirabilis meningitis warrant a CAT scan, as does any newborn infant with meningitis who has a continuing pleocytosis after adequate treatment with antibiotics. PMID- 6998384 TI - Induction of ovulation with chronic intermittent (pulsatile) administration of LH RH in women with hypothalamic and hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. AB - Five women with hypothalamic amenorrhea were treated with LH-RH (10-15 microg i.v. at 90 min intervals for 17-20 days). In all women this chronic intermittent LH-RH administration resulted in a normalization of serum gonadotropin levels. Four women exhibited preovulatory estradiol serum levels with subsequent LH peaks. In three women the LH peaks were followed by normal luteal phase serum progesterone levels. One woman with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea was also treated with the same therapeutic regimen which induced ovulation as judged from normal luteal phase serum progesterone levels. The results indicate that normal pituitary-ovarian function can be established in hypothalamic amenorrhea by chronic intermittent administration of LH-RH. They also suggest that in the human female hypothalamic LH-RH function may be only permissive in that the cyclicity of endocrine events during the menstrual cycle is regulated on pituitary and ovarian levels. Hyperproactinemic amenorrhea appears to be associated with insufficient endogenous LH-RH secretion which can be substituted by exogenous chronic intermittent administration of LH-RH. Elevated prolactin levels per se do not interfere with the pituitary positive feedback mechanisms nor with the gonadotropin action on the ovarian level. PMID- 6998383 TI - Immunological characterization of fibrous protein isolated from human stratum corneum. AB - Specific antibody was produced against the purified fibrous protein isolated from human stratum corneum. Two precipitin lines appeared when the antiserum was tested against fibrous protein of human stratum corneum (FP/SC). When the section of human plantar skin was incubated with antihuman FP/SC serum for 30 min at 37 degrees C for indirect immunofluorescent studies, only a poor fluorescence could be detected in the living layers. The fluorescence in these layers increased on the section that was incubated with the fluorescence in these layers increased on the section that was incubated with the antiserum for 1 h at 37 degrees C. However, no fluorescence could be observed in the stratum corneum under these conditions. On the other hand, irregular fluorescence appeared in the stratum corneum after more prolonged incubation (2 h) with antiserum at 37 degrees C. The fluorescence also appeared in the stratum corneum when the section was incubated with antiserum for 30 min following a short pretreatment with urea-buffer. Identical precipitin lines were observed on double diffusion of anti-human FP/SC with prekeratin and 0.85% NaCl-Tris acetate buffer (pH 7.5) soluble proteins of human living layers. PMID- 6998385 TI - Philip John Russel Nichols, MA,DM,FRCP,DPhysMed. PMID- 6998386 TI - The fourth surgical renaissance? PMID- 6998387 TI - The American Surgical Association. The peaks of excitement. PMID- 6998388 TI - Surgical management of Crohn's disease. Influence of disease at margin of resection. AB - To determine the influence of microscopic disease at an anastomosis following intestinal resection for Crohn's disease, 97 patients undergoing 103 resections were reviewed. Most resections (85/103) involved both small and large bowel and were followed by an ileocolic anastomosis. All resection margins were available and were reviewed. In 52 instances there was no evidence of Crohn's disease at the margins. In 51 instances histologic evidence of Crohn's disease varying from chronic inflammation to tissue destruction was present in one or both margins. The incidence of immediate postoperative anastomotic complications (leak with fistula or abscess, or obstruction) was identical in patients with microscopically normal margins (3/52; 6%) and in patients with microscopic Crohn's disease at the margins (3/51; 6%). The patients were followed for a mean of 5.4 +/- 4.2 years. A clinical recurrence developed during the follow-up period in 50% (26/52) of those patients with normal margins, and in 61% (31/51) of those patients with involved margins. A suture line recurrence developed in 35% (18/52) and required reoperation in 17% (9/52) of those patients with microscopically normal margins. A suture line recurrence developed in 41% of the patients (21/51) and required reoperation in 24% (12/51) of those with microscopically involved margins. None of these differences are statistically significant. The presence or absence of microscopic disease at the anastomosis did not appear to influence immediate anastomotic wound healing or long-term recurrence rates. We therefore recommend conservative resections for Crohn's disease to achieve grossly uninvolved margins rather than the sacrifice of normal bowel to achieve histologically normal margins. PMID- 6998389 TI - Radical peritoneal debridement for established peritonitis. The results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. AB - A randomized, prospective comparison of radical peritoneal debridement and standard surgical management of peritonitis disclosed no differences in terms of hospital mortality for the frequency of reoperation for abscess. Adjunctive measures such as antibiotic therapy and peritoneal irrigation were identical between the groups. The groups were demographically and clinically similar but had a much lower incidence of intestinal obstruction than in the patients originally reported by Hudspeth. PMID- 6998390 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery. Topical, systemic, or both? AB - A prospective, randomized, blinded study was performed to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics would reduce the incidence of infection in peripheral vascular surgery and whether the route of antibiotic administration was important. Patients undergoing a vascular procedure with a groin incision were allocated to one of four groups with respect to prophylactic antibiotics. Group I received no antibiotic. Group II had topical cephradine instilled in their incisions prior to closure. Group III received a 24-hour perioperative course of intravenous cephradine, and Group IV received both topical and intravenous cephradine. Groin and abdominal incisional infections were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) among patients who received prophylactic antibiotics by either the topical, systemic, or combined routes of administration. No significant differences were noted among the three antibiotic groups. Profundoplasty, femoral embolectomy, and femoral aneurysm repair were each associated with an increased incidence of infection (p < 0.01). Other risk factors were only important in patients not receiving antibiotics. Either intraoperative topical antibiotics or perioperative systemic antibiotics prevent infection in peripheral vascular surgery, but antibiotic administration by both routes is unnecessary. PMID- 6998392 TI - Current controversies in the conduct of the coronary bypass operation. AB - Recent reports comparing medical versus surgical management of patients with ischemic heart disease highlight the importance of technical quality in the interpretation of surgical results. This review is an attempt to examine current controversies in the conduct of coronary artery bypass with the purpose of suggesting strengths and weaknesses of alternative approaches. Topics include cold cardioplegia versus intermittent aortic occlusion, left ventricular venting, anastomotic technique, optical magnification, "complete vascularization," sequential versus individual grafting, internal mammary artery versus saphenous vein as conduits and the choice of alternative conduits when saphenous vein is unavailable. PMID- 6998391 TI - Repair of mycotic aneurysms of the aorta involving the aortic valve. AB - This report summarizes our successful management of 6 patients who underwent repair of mycotic aneurysms of the ascending aorta within a four-year period. Repairs have been successful despite involvement of as much as two-thirds of the circumference of the aortic valve annulus, involvement of the origin of the right coronary artery, and development of heart block. Three patients required surgical intervention because of hemodynamic decompensation before they had completed antibiotic therapy for endocarditis. In 3 patients, the aneurysm was buttressed with the valve skirt so that aneurysm repair and valve replacement were accomplished in continuity. In 2 patients, the aneurysm was repaired separately and the valve seated on the repair. In 1 patient, a large defect between the left and right coronary arteries was repaired with a woven Dacron patch secured to the valve skirt. The valve was seated to the left ventricle and the graft to the aorta. There were no operative or postoperative deaths. Our data suggest that mycotic aneurysms of the aortic annulus can be successfully repaired despite extensive damage. PMID- 6998394 TI - Influence of spironolactone on aldosterone metabolism in hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 6998393 TI - Observations on the blood pressure lowering mechanism of diuretics. AB - The haemodynamic effects of short-time (3-7 days) and longer (2-3 months) periods of saliuretic treatment were investigated in several groups of patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Short-time salt depletion results in decrease of cardiac index, extracellular and blood volumes and marked increases in plasma renin activity (PRA) and noradrenaline excretion, while blood pressure (BP) becomes "renin dependent"as assessed by an angiotensin I antagonist (P 113). The BP decrease was only moderate and variable, due to increased peripheral resistance, and could not be related either to control PRA values or degree of subsequent elevation. After longer treatment periods, all of the above-mentioned changes are still present, but less pronounced while BP decreases further. At that time a clear distinction can be made between the patients who do and those who do not "respond" with a BP drop. The non responders tend to remain in a salt and fluid depleted state with a renin dependent BP, while in the responders the initially induced hemodynamic changes have largely, but not completely, disappeared. PMID- 6998395 TI - The plasma kallikrein-renin connection. PMID- 6998396 TI - Different patterns in essential hypertension and possible choice of antihypertensive drugs. AB - Essential hypertension is not a disease entity, so therefore it is understood that there are several causes of its development. The hemodynamic relation is not the same in all patients. The traditional concept of an increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and a normal cardiac output (CO) is not valid for all cases. We developed a method to estimate a measure for TPR independently of the CO. The results in six patients are described: three of them show a hemodynamic pattern of increased CO and normal TPR, two of increased TPR and normal CO, while the sixth patient shows a mixed pattern. These results have important implications for therapy: drugs lowering CO are more indicated in the first group, drugs influencing TPR promise a better result in the second one. Furthermore a review is given of other mechanisms governing the bloodpressure and indicating a special kind of treatment, i.e., the reninangiotensin-aldosteron system and the catecholamines. IN CONCLUSION: we know some important determinants of high blood pressure. Most of them can be determined, but in general praxis this is too troublesome. However, for very difficult cases it is now possible to try and find the most promising combination of drugs for that particular case. PMID- 6998397 TI - [Development and prophylactic use of Escherichia coli-smd live vaccine in swine]. AB - This live vaccine was officially accepted and registered in 1976. Based on streptomycin-dependent mutants, it can be efficiently used for prophylaxis against enterotoxaemia and, consequently, help in stabilising production. The vaccine has to be administered subcutaneously to animals aged between two and three weeks and on the day of weaning. Tolerability is localised and generally good. However, differences in effectiveness, so far unexplained, were found to exist between different stocks. The loss of animals was reduced in all stocks which had been prophylatically immunised. The vaccine sould be considered as an intermediate step for immunoprophylaxis against coli-enterotoxaemia. PMID- 6998398 TI - [Escherichia coli R live vaccine Suicolplex "Dessau"]. AB - Immunisation of pregnant sows prior to parturition has long proved to be a good method to forestall coli dysentery in piglets before weaning. Inactivated vaccines of the pathogenetically important E. coli serogroups with and without adjuvant so far were primarily used at international level. A vaccine of that kind has become available in the GDR more than eight years ago. Its name is Coliporc "Dessau". A live vaccine has been developed from two R-mutants at the authors' institute. The effectiveness of that live vaccine on laboratory animals and in field experiments is reported in this paper together with possibilities of differential diagnosis to distinguish wild strains from the mutants. The live vaccine was commercially registered under the name of Suicolpex "Dessau", in spring 1976. PMID- 6998399 TI - [Mode of action of simultaneous vaccination with live antigens and specific antibodies]. AB - Immunogenicity of live vaccine was not substantively affected by physiological antibody doses. Antibody did not change in vivo germ survival rates. The vaccine germ was isolated by tissue culturing from spleen and liver even after 42 days. Elimination from circulation was accelerated by antibody. The immunisation dose of pathogenic germs was considerably increased by means of specific immunoglobulins, which altogether improved the immunisation effect. Immunogenicity can be increased by antibody only in an indirect way and by means of vaccine doses generally not tolerated. PMID- 6998400 TI - [Preparation of stable Salmonella vaccine strains through combination of 2 independently attenuating markers with no limitation on growth]. AB - Attenuation by only one single marker with no limitation on propagation (frequency of backmutation being less than 10(-7) will not provide sufficient safety against complications along with vaccination. (This notion, derived from both theoretical considerations and practical experience, does not rule out good stability of certain one-marker mutants under practice conditions.) Two independently attenuating markers with no limitation on propagation, however, do ensure full stability on account of potentiating single frequencies of backmutation (less than 10(-14)). The second attenuating marker must be measurable, and it must not be allowed to bring about substantive reduction in the one-marker mutant's immunogenicity. The following principle was conceptualised for the purpose of resolving the problem: A pool of attenuated highly immunogenic mutants with one single marker without limitation on propagation was rendered available, such as an S-form auxotrophic set of phenotypes (attenuation by co-mutation) or R-form mutants with the potential of tissue persistence. An attenuated second marker then was rendered available which was highly immunogenic as a "one-marker mutant", for example, mutants with adenine (purine) dependence with attenuation a pleiotropic effect and limited availability of metabolities. The second marker was introduced in a one-maker mutant, with verification of additional attenuation along with remaining immunogenicity. The following results were obtained: --Experimental parameters for attenuation and immunogenicity in mice: one single intraperitoneal immunisation, using 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) mutant germs; challenge on 20th day from intraperitoneal immunsation with about 100 LD50; lethality of controls 95 per cent or more; --S. typhimurium his-155/ade-4 and S. dublin met 91/ade-23: LD50: 10(8) germs; Immunogenicity: 90 per cent or more survived exposure to wild strain; --S. cholerae-suis R Dessau/ade-4: LD50: about 10(9) germs; immunogenicity: about 50 per cent only within endotoxic limits, about 10(8) germs or more; --S. typhimurium his-155/marker 2 (enzyme mutation): LD50 about 10(8) germs; immunogenicity: 90 per cent or more survived exposure to wild strain. PMID- 6998401 TI - [Immunochemical studies of O-antigen in attenuated Salmonella mutants]. AB - An effort was made to characterise the O-antigen structure of three amino acid auxotrophic, attenuated, immunogenic smooth-shape mutants and of one wild strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Preliminary results are reported in this paper. Experiments were first undertaken with the view to determining strain-specific variation of germ yield following batch culturing as well as the movement of lipopolysaccharide levels along with the growth curve. Then culturing rules were prepared, with one and the same harvesting limit being specified (90 per cent of the strain-specific germ count) for widely comparable bacterial batches. The lipopolysaccharides obtained by phenolwater extraction from the above bacteria were characterised by gel chromatography, following their Freeman hydrolysis to degraded polysaccharide. Almost congruent polysaccharide chain peak patterns were obtained for all four strains, but despite their smooth nature all strains also contained rough polysaccharide portions without O-specific side chains. The findings so far obtained have not yet provided sufficient knowledge to discuss a possible correlation between reduced mutant virulence and qualitatively changed O antigen structure in comparison to wild strains. PMID- 6998402 TI - [Testing of bacterial mutants as potential vaccine strains]. AB - The most important expectations made on the development of live vaccines are expounded, before a certain order is proposed according to which mutants should be tested. First, the characteristic features of the mutants should be determined with high accuracy, and the stability of these features should be established by repeated tests. Testing for harmlessness should not be undertaken until in vitro stability of a given mutant is established with certainty. The problems and possibilities associated to such tests are described by examples of Escherichia coli and Salmonella mutants. Immunogenic effectiveness of a given mutant has to be verified, after the harmlessness of the same mutant has been confirmed. Actual choice for potential use as vaccine strain will have to depend primarily on the results of an active protection experiment. The results obtained from Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella mutants are compared to those recorded from inactivated antigens. PMID- 6998403 TI - [Live vaccines for the prevention of intestinal infections]. AB - Shigella live vaccine was applied orally, four or five times, to 12000 children, aged between one and seven years. Morbidity in the immunised group was 3.5 times as high (9.3 times after boostering) as that in the non-immunised control group. Immunity could be provided for four months, and it was strictly specific of types. Results so far obtained from animal experiments, such as pulmonary and kerato-conjunctival tests on mice, are likely to support the idea of developing a combination vaccine from streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexnerica and Sh. sonnei mutants. Oral immunisation of mice, using 0.25 mg of dissolved Salmonella (S.) typhimurium antigen provided protection for all animals that had been exposed to 150 times of LD50, while 70 per cent of the mice involved still were protected by one tenth of that dose. More mutants will be tested (Shigella; S. enteritidis; S. typhimurium), and the expected results may give a foundation on which to devise effective vaccines. PMID- 6998405 TI - A stereotaxic atlas for diencephalic nuclei of the frog, Rana pipiens. AB - A stereotaxic apparatus was devised for frogs (Rana pipiens pipiens) by adaptation of a commercially available apparatus. An atlas of orienting illustrations emphasizing detailed structure and distribution of forebrain nuclei was prepared from celloidin sections and paraffin sections. Nomenclature of nuclei is discussed and an attempt made to reconcile various interpretations in the published literature. PMID- 6998404 TI - [Local Immune response in rabbits following enteral immunization with live attenuated bacterial Enterobacteriaceae vaccines]. AB - Streptomycin-dependent and inactivated Shigella flexneri 2a and Shigella sonnei strains were intra-intestinally applied to rabbits for immunisation. Rosette and plaque tests and well as indirect haemagglutination gave short-time secretion of low titres of specific copro-antibody, following monovaccines and bivaccines. High titres of secretory antibody were induced, depending on doses, by re immunisation. No antigen competition was established. The localised immune response caused by Shigella live vaccines was found to be much stronger than that induced by inactivated vaccines PMID- 6998406 TI - An immunohistochemical study of the Muller cells of the chicken retina. AB - The immunohistochemical specificity of the Muller cell of the chicken retina was studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase bridge method with glial acidic protein antiserum. The immunohistochemical result indicates that the Muller cell contains the acidic protein characteristic of astrocytes, oligodendroglia and the Bergmann cell. However, the ependymal cell does not contain the glial acidic protein. This evidence supports the concept that the Muller cell derived from the glioblast is not a modified ependymal cell but is more closely related to astrocytes and oligodendroglia. PMID- 6998407 TI - The mitogenic and enzymatic activities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) lysosomal proteins examined in vitro. AB - The lysosomal granules of human and animal PMNL contain the protein factors which stimulate the lymphocyte transformation in vitro. The performed experiments showed that mitogenic activity is not exclusively associated with proteolytic activity. Using column chromatography fractionation, it has been shown that the mitogenic and proteolytic proteins are localized in different fractions. The irreversible inhibition of proteases by di-isopropyl-phosphofluoridate (DFP) increase the mitogenic activity of PMNL lysosomal proteins. The mitogenic proteins are localized in lysosomal granules of secondary density and they are loosely bound to membranes of lysosomal granules. PMID- 6998408 TI - Ia-like (HLA-DR) antigens in the diagnosis of lymphoma and undifferentiated tumors. AB - Several years of testing in clinical situations have shown that detection of Ia antigens by immunofluorescence is a highly reliable marker for human lymphomas, regardless of their histologic character and site. Ia antigens were found on malignant cells in patients with Hodgkin's disease (16/16), or with nodular (21/22) or diffuse (69/74) lymphomas. Four of the six Ia-negative lymphomas had T cell markers. Expression of Ia antigens on lymphoma cells occurs in the absence of surface membrane immunoglobulin, IgG Fc, and complement receptors, which enables positive identification of aggressive "null"-cell lymphomas. Equally important, Ia antigens are absent in most solid tumors of epithelial (57/60) or connective tissue (11/11) origin, including "undifferentiated" tumors, thus facilitating their distinction from lymphoma. PMID- 6998409 TI - Modifying cerebral candidiasis by altering the infectious entry route. AB - Diffuse leptomeningitis did not occur in healthy adult male Wistar rats with transient candidemia produced by the injection of organisms into the internal carotid artery, even though intraparenchymal microabscesses with yeasts and pseudohyphae were seen throughout the brain. Candida albicans was culturally identified in the brain and kidney. Injecting the organisms into the cisterna magna caused an infection characterized by lymphocytes and histiocytes and was confined to the leptomeninges. In this meningeal model, fungi were recovered only from the CNS. The overwhelming prevalence at autopsy of cerebral candidal microabscesses without diffuse leptomeningitis is apparently due to transient candidemia. Meningitis due to candidemia is rare and seems to require a microabscess that is accessible to the circulating CSF. This latter event is a late and overwhelming feature of cerebral candidiasis. PMID- 6998410 TI - Deficiency of the second component of complement. Its occurrence with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - We studied glomerulonephritis in a child with a deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) who was without clinical or serologic evidence of systemic disease. The clinical course was severe, with malignant hypertension and terminal renal failure when the child was 14 years old. Results of histologic studies were typical of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with subendothelial deposits. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed diffuse and intense localization of IgG, C1q, and C4 as granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls and within the mesanguim. Diffuse deposits of C3 were also found along the capillary walls. Nine months after transplantation, the graft biopsy specimen showed glomerular lesions with IgG, C1q, C4, and C3 deposits, which suggests the possibility of a recurrence. The analysis of the previously reported cases of glomerulonephritis with C2 deficiency showed variable, but generally mild, glomerular lesions. Progression of the glomerulonephritis to severe renal insufficiency, as in the present case, is exceptional. PMID- 6998411 TI - Urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord lesions: antibody-coated bacteria tests as a diagnostic aid. AB - Urine cultures and antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) tests were performed on urine specimens from 176 spinal cord injured patients at the time of annual renal function follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of the cultures were positive; and of these, 55% were positive for ACB. The highest incidence of positive ACB tests occurred in the specimens from patients with external catheters (67%), ileal diversions (63%) and suprapublic catheters (60%). The organisms which occurred most frequently as a single isolate were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 54% of the E coli and 57% of the P aeruginosa were antibody coated. Proteus rettgeri was recovered less frequently as a single isolate but in these instances the ACB test was always positive. X-ray studies showed that 28% of patients with positive ACB tests had upper tract changes. Thirty-eight patients with positive ACB tests received treatment. After treatment, follow-up cultures from 26 (69%) of these patients showed no growth or a negative ACB test. Patients with roentgenographically abnormal tracts and positive ACB tests were found to be more resistant to treatment. Although additional studies are needed, this test at present can aid clinicians in management of urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured patients. PMID- 6998412 TI - Detection of R plasmids with a restrictive effect on phage-bacteria Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei systems. PMID- 6998413 TI - Electron microscopic aspects concerning the adsorption of Proteus mirabilis phage "22" on Proteus mirabilis is bacterial strain. PMID- 6998414 TI - Samuel R. Powers, Jr, MD. PMID- 6998415 TI - Treatment of chylothorax. PMID- 6998416 TI - [Mikhail Andreevich Sreseli (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6998418 TI - [Use of the dynamics of central moments of statistical distributions to analyze muscle fiber differentiation]. AB - The aim of the work is to demonstrate how it is possible to get informations of differentiation in muscle fibres by means of evaluating the dynamics of statistical distribution moments. Combinations of various directions of time changes of the standard deviations, asymmetry and excess give the possibility to construct tables in order to get immediate informations on changes occurring in different parts of the distribution (and, hence, on the course of the muscle fibres development) during the whole time of observation (age dynamics of NAD-H-D activity in fibres of musculus serratus ventralis in Wistar rats is studied as an example). Analysing dynamics, as well as real distribution features of the muscle fibres, we got doubtful on the presence of muscle fibre types that could be considered as independent (though possibly as over-lapping) populations. Various differentiation rates of the muscle fibres with different optic density do not mean development of a certain population, but rather reflect an increasing process of development of a part of a single muscle fibres complex, where separate members have various properties and in the course of development they smoothly change them in such a way that uninterruption and continuation of possible intermediate conditions is kept along the whole variational curve. This method could be applied to analyse any other objects after any quantitative sign. PMID- 6998417 TI - [110 years since the birthday of Valdimir Ilich Lenin]. PMID- 6998419 TI - [Foreign body giant cells: ultrastructure, cytochemistry, origin]. AB - While analysing literature and our own data, it has been stated that the foreign body giant cells (FBGC) are viable elements possessing a high degree of metabolism. They have some specific ultrastructural features by which they differ from other elements (fibroblasts, macrophages) in an inflammatory focus. The FBGC of the inflammatory focus are formed from cells of the bone marrow origin. Cell precursors of the FBGC intensively multiply outside the inflammatory focus and then migrate into it where processes of differentiation come to an end. Young FBGC can be formed by means of nuclear division. But the leading mechanism in the FBGC formation and in increasing the number of their nuclei is the process of cell fusion. PMID- 6998420 TI - [Petr Andreevich Sokolov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6998421 TI - [Milan Dvorzhak (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 6998422 TI - [Individual anatomical variability of the cerebellar nuclei]. AB - While studying the cerebellar grey nuclei in serial horizontal sections performed at the distance of 0.5 mm from each other, a considerable individual variability was revealed. For example, the denticulate nucleus, which has greater dimentions than other cerebellar nuclei, was present in all preparations in all three planes. The emboliform nucleus, which has smaller dimentions than the denticulate nucleus, varied within greater limits in all three planes, and it was rather difficult to find its permanent zone of presence. The spherical nucleus was of small dimentions and has a wide range of individual variability, therefore, it was not possible to demonstrate its permanent place in all preparations of all three planes. The tegmental nucleus, as small as the spherical nucleus in its dimentions, was permanently demonstrated only in the medial-sagittal plane, and in two other planes its position varied-within wide range. PMID- 6998423 TI - [Hypothalamic projections into the midbrain reticular formation and the parafascicular complex in the cat detected by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport]. AB - By the method of horseradish peroxidase (HP) retrograde transport (the injection was performed into the thalamic parafascicular complex in 7 cats) connections between the hypothalamus, the midbrain reticular formation and the parafascicular complex were followed. Other connections of the hypothalamus with some cerebral centers were also discussed. PMID- 6998424 TI - [Stereometric study of the "muscle fiber-capillary" system of the human heart in its functional aspect]. AB - Quantitative analysis of spatial organization of the "muscle fibre-capillary" system was performed in 5 normal human hearts. The data on numerical, volumetric, superificial, relative superficial density of capillaries and muscular myocardial fibres were obtained; their total number in the left ventricle wall was calculated. Statistically significant difference of the spatial-quantitative organization in the "muscle fibre-capillary" system in different parts of the left ventricle wall was obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that selection of myocardial slices for stereometric investigation should be systematized. A mathematical equation for estimating quantitatively capillary blood supply of the myocardial muscle fibres in histological sections was introduced, taking into account volumetric and superficial parameters of the muscle fibres and capillaries. PMID- 6998425 TI - [Presence of an insulinlike protein in the submandibular salivary glands of man and agricultural animals]. AB - An insulinlike protein (ILP) has been extracted from the submaxillary glands of men, bulls and boars. Its electrophoretic mobility is similar to that of the cristalline insulin. In addition, electrophoregrams of bulls and boars show that levels of the main zones of ILP and the insulin extracted from the pancreas by the same method coinside. Immunological properties of ILP and those of insulin are identical. The immuno-fluorescence method has detected ILP in striated ducts of the salivary glands. Nonspecific luminescence in these ducts is revealed around the human gland nuclei and is likely to be caused by the presence of lysosomes. It is not yet clear what microstructures are responsible for LIP localization in salivary ducts. PMID- 6998426 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the state of the intraorganic blood vessels]. AB - A method for reconstruction of intraorganic vessels sections visible in histological sections into the sections of regular round vessels with preservation of real area of their wall and lumen is presented. A new characteristic of the vessel state is introduced -- degree of elastic membrane twistiness. Changes in various branches of the dog pulmonary artery at burns and at simultaneous bilateral resection of 58% lung tissue are taken as an example in order to demonstrate that at a complex analysis of the vascular wall area/the lumen area ratio, taking into account the degree of elastic membrane twistiness, it is possible to differentiate functional changes of the vascular tonus from the organic ones. PMID- 6998427 TI - [Pathology of Yersinia infections]. AB - At the present time yersinioses have turned from a comparatively small problem of regional pathology into a global problem of interest for large circles of medical workers, specialists in different fields. The paper presents the main clinico anatomic forms of yersiniosis and still scarce data on their pathology. These diseases, as a rule, have a benign course, their lethality not exceeding 0.04%. The importance of studying their pathology is emphasized because the correct diagnosis helps avoid serious errors in examining biopsy specimens. PMID- 6998428 TI - [Method of stretching of the lung tissue for morphometric studies]. AB - Preparation of lung tissues for morphometric studies requires their preliminary morphometric studies requires their preliminary reexpansion which is usually being done by blowing of the whole intact lung followed by fixation. A method is proposed for reexpansion of the lung tissue pieces. Experiments in normal guinea pigs showed the lung tissue reexpanded by this method to increase in volume 1.82 +/- 0.023-fold as compared with the lung volume in the animal thorax at completely relaxed respiratory muscles. PMID- 6998429 TI - [Bacterial (endotoxic) shock]. AB - The data on one of sepsis variations, bacterial or endotoxin shock (BS) are presented. BS is caused by gram-negative flora among which the first place belongs to E. coli, but may also be caused by gram-positive bacteria. BS is characterized by an acute onset with chills, hyperthermia, leukocytosis and early development of circulatory collapse which may cause early death of the patient. The direct of mediated effect of endotoxin on the vascular wall causing paralytic distention of the microcirculatory bed with deposition of the blood in it is recognized in the pathogenesis of BS. Subsequently, under conditions of hypoxia and acidosis disorders of hemocoagulation develop in the form of disseminated intravascular coagulation which may result in cortical necrosis of the kidneys, necrosis and apoplexy of the adrenals, hypophysis, acute ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, necroses and hemorrhages in some other organs. PMID- 6998430 TI - [Semiquantitative methods of analyzing the changes in the thyroid gland]. AB - Precise quantitative methods may not always be used to solve various morphological problems. In certain instances it is more expedient to apply semiquatitative estimations of histological preparations which give sufficient information on the phenomena under study, requiring the minimum time. Using the study of normal and pathological morphology of the thyroid gland as an example, different variants of the semiquantitative estimates are considered: the estimate of individual features, the estimate of the entire morphological pattern (generalized semiquantitative analysis and differential semiquantitative analysis). The conditions for the application of each method are discussed. The advantages and limitations of the semiquantitative methods are analysed. PMID- 6998431 TI - [Morphometric analysis of a mast cell population]. AB - A composite morphometric approach to the analysis of mast cell population is proposed including 4 criteria: the cytogram, the index of heparin saturation, degranulation index, a relative rate of degranulation form. The sensitivity and informative capacity of the composite morphometric analysis were tested in two experimental models: inoculation of heparin and inoculation of its antagonists. Subtle differences in the effect of mast cell degranulaton were found after inoculation of protamine sulphate and a synthetic polycation, 2.5-ionen. Important information on the consumption of exogenous heparin by mast cells was obtained. The simplicity of the analysis as well as the possibility of using its simplified version make the method available for both clinical and experimental pathology. PMID- 6998432 TI - [Experience in using a nitrocellulose glue for making corrosion preparations]. AB - Cold nitrocellulose glue introduced into the organ vessels may be used to make corrosive preparations. This filler allows to obtain a clear vascular cast of an organ with the smallest vessels filled. The injection mass is available, cheap, and readily washed off from the instruments. PMID- 6998433 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Honored Scientist, active member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and Major General of the Medical Service, Prof. B.S. Doinikov]. PMID- 6998434 TI - [Transplantation of nerve tissue]. AB - The results of transplantation of various parts of the central and peripheral nervous system are considered. Transplantation of nerve trunks is used clinically, and heterogenous regeneration of the nerves results in reinnervation of tissues and organs. The spinal ganglion transplantation is successfully used in experiments with both embryonic and mature differentiated neurons. Transplantation of different parts of the cortex, some subcortical structures, hyppocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and the spinal cord is made using immature neurons. Some attempts have been made to transplant the nerve tissue grown in vitro into a host. PMID- 6998435 TI - [Pathomorphosis of infectious diseases in children]. AB - The general and therapeutically conditioned pathomorphosis was expressed in a significantly reduced number of autopsies predominantly due to reduced incidence of infectious diseases in children. Histological features of reactions in various organs in antibiotic therapy are examined. The necessity of continuous study of the clinical features and time course of infectious diseases in children is emphasized because the evolution of these processes continues. PMID- 6998436 TI - [Role of Mycoplasma infection in pediatric pathology]. AB - The review presents data from the literature showing the variability of manifestations of mycoplasmal infection (M. pneumoniae, M. hominis, T-strain) in childhood. The etiological role of M. pneumoniae (as a monoantigen and in association with respiratory viruses) in acute respiratory infections and pneumonias has been established. M. pneumoniae also plays a certain role in the development of attacks of bronchial asthma and chronic recurrent pneumonias. M. hominis, being an urogenital mycoplasma, may also be the causative agent of acute respiratory infections and pneumonias. A high rate of infection of newborn babies with M. hominis and T-strains is noted. There is evidence indicating frequent and generalized mycoplasmal infection in infants in the perinatal period. In addition to changes in the lungs, mycoplasmal infection produces lesions in the heart, liver, kidneys, central nervous system and other organs, produces the development of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Some studies indicate the possibility of intrauterine mycoplasmal infection and its terotogenic effect on the human fetus. PMID- 6998437 TI - Prostacyclin eliminates the thrombocytopenia associated with charcoal hemoperfusion and minimizes heparin and fibrinogen consumption. AB - To evaluate the effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the bioincompatibility of charcoal hemoperfusion (CHP), platelet counts, platelet aggregate formation as measured by screen filtration pressure (SFP), plasma fibrinogen levels, and heparin activity monitored by calcium-thrombin clotting times (Ca-TCT) were compared during CHP in healthy dogs with heparin alone or heparin plus PGI2. Platelet losses (25 +/- 6 vs 83 +/- 2%: mean +/- SEM), rise in SFP (65 +/- 6 vs 249 +/- 25 mmHg), and fibrinogen consumption (20 +/- 5 vs 46 +/- 6%) were significantly less during CHP with PGI2 than with heparin only. In addition, rapid neutralization of heparin, as monitored by Ca-TCT, during CHP was prevented by PGI2. The use of PGI2 may allow a proper evaluation of the efficacy of CHP in conditions such as fulminant hepatic failure where, hitherto, incompatibility between blood and charcoal may have had deleterious effects. PMID- 6998438 TI - A recollection of men and events on the Thoracic Service of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital: 1958-1966. PMID- 6998439 TI - Conjunctival melanoma. PMID- 6998440 TI - Surgical correction of high postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Relaxing incisions vs wedge resection. AB - Improved techniques and procedures have resulted in a higher rate of clear grafts after penetrating keratoplasty. A clear graft, however, does not give a good visual result if high corneal astigmatism prevents the successful wearing of spectacles or contact lenses. This article describes the methods and results of two microsurgical techniques--the corneal wedge resection to steepen the flat meridian and relaxing incisions to flatten the steep meridian. Average reduction in corneal astigmatism was greater for the wedge resection (ten cases) (6.50 diopters as compared with 4.25 D [16 cases] for the relaxing incisions). The relaxing incisions operation was successful in 75% of cases with stabilization of corneal curvature readings in an average of three weeks and is an outpatient procedure. After a wedge resection, corneal stabilization usually takes months. We believe that wedge resection should be reserved for cases in which relaxing incisions are unsuccessful. PMID- 6998441 TI - Morphologic variations in graft endothelium. AB - The morphologic features of corneal endothelium were studied with clinical specular microscopy in 33 cases of clear corneal transplants. A complete morphologic profile of the corneal endothelium, which included cell density, mean cell area, and variation in cell size (polymegethism), was obtained with an automated, pattern-analysis system. Our observations demonstrated variation in all these parameters of graft endothelium with time, indicating that graft endothelium is in a state of transition during healing and that the end point to the healing process is still to be determined. PMID- 6998442 TI - Traumatic wound dehiscence after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Twelve cases of traumatic wound dehiscence occurred in ten patients after penetrating keratoplasty. Nine of the ten patients were males between the ages of 11 and 44 years. Ten of the 12 traumatic wound ruptures occurred with the sutures in place. Final visual acuity was better than 6/60 in only four patients. The grafts have remained clear in six of the ten patients, while one patient awaits a regraft. Four patients required repeat keratoplasty. The primary cause of visual failure was damage to the retina and posterior segment. the importance of protecting the eye after corneal transplantation is stressed. PMID- 6998443 TI - Evaluating the rat inner ear. A technique using scanning electron microscopy. AB - The laboratory rat is the most commonly used species in safety evaluation of pharmaceutical compounds. However, surface preparations of the organ of Corti (OC) are difficult to perform in this species largely due to problems in removing the thick, bony otic capsule. A modified technique was developed using rapid decalcification to solve this problem. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to quantitate hair cell damage and/or loss after exposure of the OC by microdissection. It was found that hair cell loss and amage could be easily detected and quantified in rats given gentamicin sulfate. PMID- 6998445 TI - A technique for direct bonding of unerupted teeth as an aid to orthodontics. AB - (1) A significant percentage of orthodontic practice involves impacted teeth that require surgical procedures to aid in their successful realignment. (2) A technique for direct bonding to the crown is a simple, one operation procedure which dies not damage the tooth or adjacent tissues. (3) The most beneficial application of force to any preselected aspect of the crown to help reduce traction time can be used. (4) If carried out correctly, there is little likelihood of failure. PMID- 6998444 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. (Streptococcal gangrene) of the face. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infection frequently preceded by trauma and usually caused by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The disease is characterized by cutaneous necrosis, suppurative fasciitis, and vascular thrombosis. Associated systemic problems are common, with chronic alcoholism and diabetes being the most prominent. Involvement of head and neck structures is exceedingly rare, with only seven cases reported in the literature. We report an additional case that terminated fatally. Management requires high doses of aqueous penicillin G potassium given intravenously, early surgical drainage, and debridement of necrotic tissue. Mortality may be as high as 30%, and it is negatively influenced by delay in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6998446 TI - The partially edentulous patient. II. A rationale for treatment. PMID- 6998447 TI - Centenary of the British Dental Association. PMID- 6998448 TI - Dental school libraries. PMID- 6998449 TI - U100 insulin and the general practitioner. AB - On August 1 1980, U100 insulins (100 units/mL) will be introduced and other strengths will be phased out over four months. During that period all insulin dependent diabetics will need to be seen and helped to adjust to their new dosage volume. The new system is decimal, and provided the new appropriate syringes are used, much more simple. Experience has shown that mistakes in dosage are much fewer with U100 insulins. General practitioners will be in the forefront of the campaign to educate patients. PMID- 6998450 TI - Muscular contraction headache and dental imbalance. AB - A physical explanation for the contraction of the muscles of mastication, in muscular contraction headache, is described. It is suggested the role of tension is over emphasized as the main aetiological factor. In the younger dentate group, the presence of dental imbalance requires diagnosis by a dental practitioner. In the older, edentulous group, the family physician can easily diagnose mandibular overclosure from the facies (Fig. 1) or absence of molar teeth (Fig. 7) especially if combined with wearing the same set of dentures for more than ten years. When these signs are present, the family physician should consider referring such patients for a dental opinion. PMID- 6998451 TI - The years of children. Part I. PMID- 6998452 TI - Insulin - 100 units per ml - U100: a major change for insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6998453 TI - Review: The mechanism of action of danazol, a novel steroid derivative. AB - Danazol is being increasingly used for the treatment of a wide range of disorders, many of which appear to bear little relation to the condition for which the drug was originally marketed--endometriosis. It has been claimed that this drug acts by means of its antigonadotrophic effects on the pituitary; however, a review of the literature reveals that its efficacy in suppressing normal endometrial growth and in causing atrophy of deposits of endometrium cannot be explained solely on this basis. Recent information indicates that, besides acting at the pituitary level, a major mechanism of action may be by a direct inhibitory effect on target tissue. It is sugggested that such a mechanism would more readily account for the diverse effects of this drug in the treatment of many disorders, all of which appear to be associated with an imbalanced sensitivity of target organs to steroid hormones. A greater understanding of its mechanism of action could lead to an even wider application of this novel drug. PMID- 6998455 TI - Hemodynamic effects of extreme positive pressure breathing using a two-pressure flying suit. AB - The central hemodynamics during extreme positve pressure breathing (PPB) with 4.0 9.3 kPa breathing pressures using a two-pressure flying suit was studied with the thermodilution technique. Pressures measured simultaneously in right atrium, pulmonary artery, and systemic circulation increased in proportion to, but somewhat less than, the breathing pressures. A decreased transmural right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressure was found during PPB to be most pronounced during simultaneous counterpressure to the thorax. Stroke volume (SV) as well as cardiac output (CO) decreased successively during PPB, mostly during PPB with more than 4 kPa. Simultaneous counterpressure to the thorax added further hemodynamic effects. During recovery after PPB, a marked compensatory increase in SV and CO was registered. An increased systemic blood pressure and heart frequency was found at all levels of PPB, suggesting that PPB may be of value to increase G tolerance. PMID- 6998454 TI - Aeromedical transportation of psychiatric patients: Historical review and present management. AB - Early references to aeromedical transportation do not address the movement of psychiatric patients. They were specifically excluded from routine movement by air early in World War II, but their movement by returning troop ship had an unacceptable rate of mortality and morbidity. The tactical experience in this matter acquired by battlefield necessity led to the use of an aeromedical classification system indicating the need for restrains, sedation, and properly trained attendants. This time-tested system is used today in almost identical form. Most of these patients require only the good medical care and common courtesy that other patients require. A few may cause anxiety because of their attitudes or actions. Proper preflight planning includes giving patients accurate information, dealing with their situational anxieties, considering the aeromedical implications of psychotropic medications, anticipating disruptive behavior, and using interpersonal skills to lessen anxiety in flight. PMID- 6998456 TI - Acceleration forces on the human subject. AB - An overall view of the methodology of acceleration research, i.e. G-tolerance measuring devices and the peculiarities of each, general information on G tolerance and types of G stress, the methods of determining G tolerance, and the methods of modifying one's G tolerance, is presented. Some human factors aspects of G tolerance, as well as some physiologic changes under G, i.e. ECG changes, cardiac problems, and various other biochemical and hematological alterations, are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the proven G-associated cardiac pathology found in various animal models, and its possible application to the human subject. PMID- 6998457 TI - Anxiety management and applied relaxation in reducing general anxiety. PMID- 6998458 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 6998459 TI - [Operation on the ruptured Achilles tendon]. PMID- 6998460 TI - Partial purification and characterization of phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins from rat lung lavage. PMID- 6998461 TI - Liposome immunosensor for theophylline. PMID- 6998462 TI - Influence of some gastrointestinal hormones on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in vitro: evidence of a stimulatory effect of pancreozymin and gastrin. PMID- 6998464 TI - Purification and evidence for heterogeneity of acid phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6998463 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to yeast catalase T. PMID- 6998466 TI - Fluoropyruvate: a potent inhibitor of the bacterial and the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 6998465 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation with ribosomes from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6998467 TI - Isolation of human met-enkephalin and two groups of putative precursors (2K-pro met-enkephalin) from an adrenal medullary tumour. PMID- 6998469 TI - Inhibition of red cell and yeast hexokinase by triethyltin bromide [(C2H5)3SnBr]. PMID- 6998468 TI - Prostatic binding protein: an androgen-dependent marker for prostate epithelial cells. PMID- 6998471 TI - Isolation of 5-(beta-hydroxyethl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid, a metabolite related to thiamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6998470 TI - Desmutagenic actions of ascorbic acid and cysteine on a new pyrrole mutagen formed by the reaction between food additives; sorbic acid and sodium nitrite. PMID- 6998472 TI - Glycogen in rat adipose tissue: sequential synthesis and random degradation. PMID- 6998473 TI - The mitogenic activity of insulin: an intrinsic property of the molecule. PMID- 6998474 TI - Effect of removal of 160 nucleotides from the 3' end of Escherichia coli 16s rRNA on the reconstitution and activity of 30S ribosomes. PMID- 6998475 TI - Inhibition of oligopeptide transport in S. cerevisiae by a peptide-poly (ethylene glycol) conjugate. PMID- 6998476 TI - Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis deficiency on expression of other enzymes of heme pathway in yeast. PMID- 6998477 TI - The relA gene is not required for glycogen accumulation during NH4+ starvation of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6998479 TI - Isopycnic analysis of intact cells--I: Escherichia coli over its growth curve. PMID- 6998478 TI - On the structure of the lipopolysaccharide core in the cell wall of Escherichia coli K12 W2252-11U- and its Ter-mutant cells. PMID- 6998480 TI - Synthesis of crosslinked elastin by an endothelial cell culture. PMID- 6998481 TI - Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to growth on cholesterol: selection of mutants defective in the formation of lanosterol. PMID- 6998483 TI - Negative cooperativity induced by desoctapeptide insulin unmasked by phospholipase C treatment. PMID- 6998482 TI - Identification of an intermediate in the de novo formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6998484 TI - Pyridoxal-5'-deoxymethylenephosphonate reconstituted D-serine dehydratase: a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 6998486 TI - Heterogeneity of the spontaneously expanded and mitogen-induced generation of suppressor cell function of T cells on B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Eighty percent of 31 untreated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had abnormalities in their spontaneously expanded and/or Con-A-induced suppressor cell function, but the association of defects detected with both systems was only 68%. Loss of spontaneous suppression related positively to disease activity (r = 0.641) and the number of T gamma cells (r = 0.624) whereas Con-A-induced suppression correlated negatively with disease activity (r = -0.456) and the number of T gamma cells (r = 0.089). Incubation of mononuclear cells from SLE patients in antiribonucleoprotein IgG caused further loss of suppression in some, but not all, instances. The suppressor cell dysfunction found in SLE may result from diverse mechanisms, including a basic defect in the generation of suppressor cells and the abrogation of suppressor function by autoantibodies. PMID- 6998485 TI - Preadipocytes possess cellular retinoid binding proteins and their differentiation is inhibited by retinoids. PMID- 6998487 TI - [Controlled doubleblind study on dose-effect relationship of guanfacine a long acting hypotensive guanidine derivative (author's transl)]. AB - N-Amidino-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-acetamide hydrochloride (guanfacine) reduces blood pressure dose-dependently for more than 38 h. The blood pressure lowering effect is not seen immediately after medication. Side effects are: decrease in heart rate, orthostatic effect, dizziness and weariness. PMID- 6998488 TI - 10-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2H,10H)-diones, a new group of malaricidal and coccidiostatic compounds. AB - 2-Nitrobenzaldehydes and 1,3-cyclohexanediones condense in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and glacial acetic acid to 10-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroacridine 1,9(2H,10H)-diones. Many compounds of this group reveal a pronounced coccidiostatic and malaricidal effect in vivo even against drug-resistant malaria parasites. Synthesis and chemotherapeutic results as well as structure-activity relationships are described. PMID- 6998489 TI - Evaluation of in vitro sensitivity testing methods of detecting sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim synergy. Correlation with mouse protection assay. AB - To evaluate the applicability of sensitivity tests in the detection of synergy between sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) hospital strains of Escherichia coli were tsted by the disc sensitivity and the agar dilution tests using Isosensitest agar; sensitivity to SMX, TMP and 20 parts sulphamethoxazole plus 1 part trimethoprim (SXT) was determined. Ten of 19 strains of E. coli showed larger zones of inhibition with the SXT discs than with either SMX or TMP discs. Yet all 19 E. coli strains showed appreciably lower MIC for SXT than either SMX or TMP in the agar dilution test. It is concluded that disc sensitivity tests do not detect synergy between SMX and TMP. Demonstration of a lower MIC with SXT than either SMX or TMP in the agar dilution test is a better indication of synergy. This conclusion is confirmed in the mouse protection tests. PMID- 6998490 TI - Abdominal heart transplantation. The search for an allograft extrathoracic pump. Preliminary observations. PMID- 6998492 TI - In vivo effects of intercalating and nonintercalating drugs on the tertiary structure of kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of cultured Trypanosoma cruzi consists mostly in a large network of numerous minicircular molecules (approximately 25 000), with a very low degree of superhelicity. When the intercalating drugs ethidium bromide and 9-hydroxyellipticine were added to the growth medium in concentrations producing trypanocidal effects, the superhelicity of the kDNA was significantly increased. In contrast, the nonintercalating drug berenil had no effect on the superhelicity of kDNA. In the kDNA extracted from trypanosomes resistant to ethidium bromide or 9-hydroxyellipticine, those drugs induce similar effects, although to a lesser extent than in the wild strain. PMID- 6998493 TI - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli: kinetics of acetylation and deacetylation. AB - The kinetics of the acetylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli by [3-14C]pyruvate and of the deacetylation of the complex by coenzyme A have been studied by using rapid mixing-quench techniques. The time course for acetylation in 4 mM thiamin pyrophosphate, 2 mM MgSO4, and 0.02 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) at 4 degrees C can be analyzed in terms of two kinetic processes. At long times 10 nmol of acetyl groups is incorporated per mg of enzyme complex (48 sites per complex of molecular weight 4.8 X 10(6)). The slower process is much too slow to be of catalytic significance. The rate constant for the faster process is not dependent on enzyme concentration and reaches a limiting value of 40--65 s-1 at high pyruvate concentrations; the exact value is dependent on the detailed acetylation mechanism assumed. The minimum molar turnover number of the enzyme complex is 420 s-1 (17.5 s-1 per pyruvate decarboxylase). The acetylated lipoic acids are deacetylated by coenzyme A at a rate much faster than that of acetylation. Complete deacetylation is obtained only if the deacetylation is carried out within seconds of the acetylation, apparently because dead-end intramolecular transfers of acetyl groups from the lipoic acids to other functional groups on the enzyme not essential for catalytic activity can occur. The results obtained suggest only about half of the acetylation reactions are on the main catalytic pathway. PMID- 6998494 TI - Kinetics of the reaction of cyclopropanone hydrate with yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase: a model for enzyme--substrate interaction. PMID- 6998491 TI - Precise localization of the site of cross-linking between protein L4 and 23S ribonucleic acid induced by mild ultraviolet irradiation of Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunits. AB - Mild ultraviolet irradiation of Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunits causes a cross-linking reaction between protein and RNA, whose primary target is protein L4 [Moller, K., & Brimacombe, R. (1975) Mol. Gen. Genet. 141, 343]. Here we have determined the site of this cross-link both on L4 and on 23S RNA. For the site on the protein, a cross-linked protein-oligonucleotide complex was isolated and subjected to successive digestions with various proteases. In each case the peptide-oligonucleotide complexes formed were analyzed. It could clearly be shown that the cross-link site was contained within a characteristic peptide 16--20 amino acids long and that the amino acid concerned was the tyrosine residue at position 35 in the recently completed L4 sequence (M. Kimura and B. Wittmann Liebold, personal communication). For the site on the RNA, a cross-linked L4--23S RNA complex was subjected to mild nuclease digestion, producing a range of L4- RNA fragments which were isolated with the help of a new two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system. Oligonucleotide analyses of these fragments, combined with successive nuclease digestions of the residual oligonucleotide attached to protein L4, established that the site of cross-linking was homogeneous, involving a uridine residue at position 615 in the recently determined 23S RNA sequence [Brosius, J., Dull, T. J., & Noller, H. F. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 201]. PMID- 6998495 TI - Mechanism of the melibiose porter in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - The melibiose transport system of Escherichia coli catalyzes sodium--methyl 1 thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (TMG) symport, and the cation is required not only for respiration-driven active transport but also for binding of substrate to the carrier in the absence of energy and for carrier-mediated TMG efflux. As opposed to the proton--beta-galactoside symport system [Kaczorowski, G. J., & Kaback, H. R. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3691], efflux and exchange of TMG occur at the same rate, implying that the rates of the two processes are limited by a common step, most likely the translocation of substrate across the membrane. Furthermore, the rate of exchange, as well as efflux, is influenced by imposition of a membrane potential (delta psi; interior negative), suggesting that the ternary complex between sodium, TMG, and the porter may bear a net positive charge. Consistently, energization of the vesicles leads to a large increase in the Vmax for TMG influx, with little or no change in the apparent Km of the process. It is proposed that the sodium gradient (Na+out < Na+in) and the delta psi (interior negative) may affect different steps in the overall mechanism of active TMG accumulation in the following manner: the sodium gradient causes an increased affinity for TMG on the outer surface of the membrane relative to the inside and the delta psi facilitates a reaction involved with the translocation of the positively charged ternary complex to the inner surface of the membrane. PMID- 6998496 TI - Mitochondrial control of cell surface characteristics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Defects in the inner mitochondrial membrane of petite mutants of yeast resulted not only in respiratory deficiency, but also in changes in cell surface characteristics. These were (1) concanavalin A agglutinability, (2) cell movement in a biphasic polymer system, (3) cell adhesion. Genetic analysis indicated that the control exerted by the mitochondria was on nuclear genes or on the products of these genes which were presumably specifying cell surface components. These findings ascribe a new role to mitochondria but also have implications for neoplastic transformation. PMID- 6998497 TI - Characterization of subspecies from a fungal fatty acid synthetase. AB - Fatty acid synthetase from the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus dissociates during gel filtration on Sepharose 6B into two differently sized subspecies with mol. wt. approx. 1.5 x 10(6) and 8 x 10(5). After elution, they readily reform intact molecules, as determined by their enzymic activity (overall synthetase and 3-oxoreductase activities were measured), sedimentation coefficient and appearance in the electron microscope. Synthetase was cross linked with dimethyl suberimidate and the resultant protein did not dissociate on Sepharose 6B. The two smaller species which were eluted after chromatography of untreated enzyme were also fixed by reaction with this reagent. They did not reform intact molecules of synthetase and were characterized by electron microscopy as large and small circular aggregates; the low molecular weight form also contained tetrameric structures which exhibited cyclic symmetry. The composition of the two species derived during dissociation was, therefore, confirmed as eight and four polypeptides, respectively; each contained polypeptides A and B. It is proposed that the intact fungal synthetase of composition A6B6 comprises three equivalent loops of protein, each of which contain four polypeptides, presumably with composition A2B2; the molecular weights of A and B are 207 000 and 201 000, respectively. During filtration on Sepharose 6B, two such loops remain associated to form a large circle, leaving the other four polypeptides ro rearrange themselves into a small circle or tetramer. PMID- 6998498 TI - Determination of the individual rate and association constants of the hydrolysis catalysed by serine proteinases by means of added nucleophiles in Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden coordinates. AB - It is shown that in the three-step enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis the addition of nucleophile shifts the common intersection point in Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden coordinates when registering the second product P2. The different points obtained at different nucleophile concentrations are situated on a straight line with intercepts Ks on the Km axis and k3 [E]o on the V axis. Since the Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden method is considered as the best graphic method for determination of the kinetic parameters Km and V of enzyme reactions, the graphic procedure proposed here for determination of k2, k3, k4 and Ks by the method of added nucleophile to be preferred. This procedure was applied for determination of individual constants on the hydrolysis of N-acetylated L-amino acid methyl esters catalysed by alkaline mesentericopeptidase. PMID- 6998500 TI - Age-related decrease in prostacyclin biosynthetic activity in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Prostaglandin biosynthetic activity in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated as a function of age by both intact cell and cell-free homogenate assays. The total cyclooxygenase activity for prostaglandin biosynthesis is the same in cells from young and old rats. However, cells from young rats proceduce more prostacyclin than prostaglandin E2, and cells from old rats produce more prostaglandin E2 than prostacyclin. Age-related decrease in prostacyclin biosynthesis is also found when protaglandin H2 is used as substrate. Lower prostacyclin and higher prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic activity in aortic smooth muscle cells from aged rats may contribute to the direct explanation of pathogenesis of spontaneous atherosclerosis and artial thrombosis in aged humans and other mammals. PMID- 6998499 TI - Stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthetic activity by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Effects of estradio on cell proliferation and prostacyclin biosynthetic activity in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells are investigated. Prostacyclin is the major product formed from arachidonic acid by the cells, both in a cell-free homogenate system and in intact cells. When cells are treated with estradiol, no effect on cell proliferation is observed. However, a significantly stimulatory effect on prostacyclin biosynthetic activity in cells is evident. The maximal effect of estradiol on the stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthetic activity is observed after 5-day treatment of the cells with estradiol at its physiological concentration (10(-9) M). Our results support the idea that estradiol would be a protective hormone in atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 6998501 TI - Homologies of the N-terminal sequences of asclepains and papain. AB - Sequences to residue 21 have been determined for the two asclepains, cysteinyl proteases isolated from milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). These were compared with the sequence for papain, and extensive homology was found. PMID- 6998502 TI - Metabolic relationship between invertase and acid phosphatase isoenzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Repressed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, subjected to inhibition of both RNA and protein synthesis, showed a pattern of membrane-bound and cytosol acid phosphatase to the external enzyme which seemed to be linked through a precursor product relationship. Gel exclusion chromatography did not indicate clear differences between the isoenzymes. Moreover, centrifugation experiments in CsCl and precipitation with concanavalin A suggested that there were no acid phosphatase molecules devoid of carbohydrate. Membrane-bound invertase displayed a molecular weight and a carbohydrate to protein ratio smaller than those of the exocellular enzyme. The values of molecular weight and buoyant density of the membrane-bound enzyme were closer to those found for the cytosol invertase. The stability of the level of the soluble invertase detected in the cytoplasm under derepression conditions, or after RNA or protein synthesis inhibition was found to be only apparent and represented the result of an equilibrium between synthesis and degradation. PMID- 6998503 TI - Characteristics of insulin receptors in the heart muscle: binding of insulin to isolated muscle cells from adult rat heart. AB - Adult rat heart muscle cells obtained by perfusion of the heart with collagenase have been used to characterize the insulin receptors by equilibrium binding and kinetic measurements. Binding of 125I-labelled insulin to heart cells exhibited a high degree of specificity; it was dependent on pH and temperature, binding at steady state increased with decreasing temperatures. Above 70% of the radioactivity bound at equilibrium at 25 degrees C could be dissociated by addition of an excess of unlabelled insulin. 54 and 40% of 125I-labelled insulin was degraded by isolated heart cells after 2 h at 37 degrees C and 4 h at 25 degrees C, respectively. This degrading activity was effectively inhibited by high concentrations of albumin. Equilibrium binding studies were conducted at 25 degrees C using insulin concentrations ranging from 2.5 x 10(-11) mol/l to 10(-6) mol/l. Scatchard analysis of the binding data resulted in a curvilinear plot (concave upward), which was further analyzed using the average affinity profile. The empty site affinity constant was calculated to be 9.5 x 10(7) l/mol with a total receptor concentration of 3.4 x 10(6) sites per cell. The presence of site site interactions of the negative cooperative types among the insulin receptors has been confirmed by kinetic experiments. The rate of dilution induced dissociation was enhanced in the presence of native insulin (5 x 10(-9) mol/l), both, under conditions of low and high fractional saturation of receptors. These studies demonstrate the presence of specific insulin receptors in isolated muscle cells from adult rat heart and provide a useful model for the study of insulin action on the heart. PMID- 6998504 TI - Plasminogen activator in prostatic tumors of Nb rats. AB - Using a fluorometric assay, nonspecific proteolytic activity and plasminogen activator were measured in transplantable tumors of the dorsal prostate of Nb rats. Nonspecific proteolytic activity in prostatic tumors did not differ significantly from that measured in normal dorsal prostate, whereas plasminogen activator activity, undetectable in the latter tissue, was readily measurable in the tumors. Furthermore, plasminogen activator activity in prostatic tumors characterized by hormone-insensitive growth was 8-fold higher than in tumors characterized by androgen-stimulated growth. In both typess of tumors, the plasminogen activator activity per mg protein was highest in the lysosomal fractions. The results indicate that plasminogen activator may be a useful marker for discriminating between androgen-stimulated and autonomous prostatic tumors. PMID- 6998506 TI - [Changes in the transmembrane potential of developing loach embryos under the influence of insulin, inhibition of transcription and translation]. AB - Results of continuous 7-8 hour registration of transmembrane potential (TMP) at the early stages of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis) development in normal conditions and in media with different insulin concentrations (the hormone with actinomycin D and cycloheximid and these antibiotics alone) are presented in this paper. The dependence of the absolute value and the mode of TMP changes in developing embryos upon insulin concentration has been established. It is shown that actinomycin D reduces the hormonal effect at the initial stages, while alone it does not cause any visible changes of TMP. Inhibition of translation with cycloheximid leads to sharp depolarizaton of the membrane and completely abolishes the periodicity of TMP oscillations, which in the norm corresponds to the time-course of the mitotic cycles during the synchronous cleavang of the blastomeres. PMID- 6998507 TI - [Insulin-induced structural transformations in the plasma membranes of liver and fat cells]. AB - Two classes of SH-groups have been revealed with Ellman's reagent in isolated plasma membranes of epididimal fat cells from rats. Preincubation with 2 x 10(-9) M insulin (25 degrees C, 30 min) results in a 15% decrease of content of the fast reacting groups. The effect was absent in preparations solubilized with 0,06% Triton X-100 or 0,1% SDS. In the presence of insulin the rates of solubilization of liver plasma membranes by these two detergents have been found to increase. It is suggested that binding of insulin to receptor initiates the generalized structural rearrangement in both types of membranes. PMID- 6998505 TI - [Biphasic energy-dependent potassium ion absorption by Escherichia coli cells]. AB - The E. coli cells remove acid and accumulate potassium ions in two phases in the presence of glucose. The first phase (5-7 min) takes place only with an increase of external osmolarity; the second phase begins after 20 min and is not sensitive to alteration of the osmotic pressure. Potassium efflux occurs between two phases of K+-accumulation in alkaline media. Replacement of glucose by lactate results in a decrease of the first phase and abolition of the second one. The initial rate of K+-uptake for the first phase is a saturation curve in the range of 6 mM of external potassium concentration. These data indicate that the osmosensitive system of K+-uptake is connected with the first phase. PMID- 6998510 TI - [Development of slow and fast muscles in the embryo]. PMID- 6998508 TI - [Effect of insulin on respiration of rat mammary gland sections]. AB - Effect of insulin on the respiration of rat's mammary gland slices was investigated at rest and during lactation. It was shown by means of polarographic technique that the rate of oxygen consumption in the mammary gland slices at rest is twice as low as during lactation. Addition of insulin (1.3 milliunits per 1 ml of the medium) to the slices of non-lactating mammary gland increases the respiration rate by 40%. No insulin stimulation of the respiration rate of the mammary gland slices during lactation was observed. The recorded fast response of the mammary gland tissue at rest to insulin may reflect different pattern of the relations between oxygen-dependent oxidation in mitochondria and oxidation of glucose in the pentose-phosphate cycle at different functional states of the organ. A conclusion is drawn as to possible demonstration of fast effect of insulin, unrelated to glucose transport, on the slices of rat's mammary gland at rest. PMID- 6998509 TI - [Nature of lactate secretion by E. coli cells]. AB - The fluxes of H+, K+ and Lac-- ions in suspension of E. coli were studied by means of ion-selective electrodes. It was shown that the stoichiometry of DCCD sensitive ionic exchange is 2H : K+ : Lac--. It was supposed that the bacteria maintains intracellular macroscopic electroneutrality by secretion of Lac-- anions during activity of proton-potassium pump, which exchange 2H+ from the cell for one extracellular K+-ion. PMID- 6998511 TI - Influence of substrate or product inhibition on the performance of enzyme reactors. AB - For the design of an enzyme reactor a detailed knowledge of the kinetic parameters of the catalyst under operational conditions is essential. For technical applications high initial substrate concentrations and high degrees of conversions are desirable, in order to save reactor volume and energy in recovery processes. Most of the kinetic data available in the literature have been derived from dilute solutions under initial rate conditions. These data cannot be extrapolated with confidence for technically interesting concentrations because substrate as well as product-inhibition may occur, which would not be observed in dilute solutions and by initial rate measurements. Because of this difficulty effective and fast methods to obtain significant data for technical applications have been developed based on-line rate determinations. Such extensive treatment has proved necessary for the following enzymes: alanine dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase and alpha-glucosidase, indicating that we are dealing with a general phenomenon. PMID- 6998512 TI - Macromolecular derivatives of NAD and their application. AB - The effects of the properties of polymer chain and NAD density on the cofactor activity of polymeric NAD derivatives were investigated. NAD-N6- [N-(N-acryloyl-l methoxycarbonyl-5-aminopentyl)-propioamide] (monomeric NAD derivative) was copolymerized with different kinds of vinyl monomers. The resulting polymeric NAD derivatives, except for that prepared with methacrylamide, had similar cofactor activities. These results show that the size and charge of the vinyl monomers do not have a great effect on the cofactor activity of polymeric NAD derivatives. The polymeric NAD derivative prepared by copolymerization with methacrylamide had the highest cofactor activities, and the activities for lactate and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases decreased with an increase in the NAD density of the polymer. These NAD density effects were mainly due to the inhibition by the polymeric NAD derivative with a high NAD density. PMID- 6998513 TI - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on dynamic respiratory compliance in neonates. AB - A simplified method of determining dynamic respiratory compliance (C dyn) in the newborn is described. Studies were performed during mechanical ventilation on 24 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 6 infants without RDS. Cdyn was evaluated at pressure settinghs of 20/0, 25/5 and 30/10 cm H2O. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in Cdyn were noted with each increase in end-expiratory pressure setting. The values for Cdyn in RDS patients obtained by this method closely approximated previously published data for lung compliance in babies with RDS. This simple and reproducible method may be useful in following the course of illness in infants with RDS. PMID- 6998514 TI - Fetal metabolic response to phloridzin-induced hypoglycemia in pregnant rats. AB - Phloridzin, an inhibitor of renal sugar transport, produces an important loss of glucose in urine of treated animals. In order to reduce severely the maternal glucose supply to the fetuses in short-term experiments, we have combined phloridzin administration to pregnant rats with 18 h starvation. Fetuses from starved phloridzin-treated mothers were compared with fetuses from starved mothers. Combined treatment markedly decreases fetal blood glucose concentration (-36%) and fetal liver glycogen stores (-76%). These changes are associated with a decrease in plasma insulin (-25%), a rise in plasma glucagon (+120%) and a marked increase of hepatic PEPCK activity (+400%). It appears from these results that phloridzin treatment for a short duration is able to induce glycogenolysis and the premature appearance of PEPCK in the liver of rat fetuses. PMID- 6998515 TI - Inhibition of human acrosin by fructose and other monosaccharides. PMID- 6998517 TI - Effects of age on photo-induced testicular regression, recrudescence, and refractoriness in the short-tailed field vole Microtus agrestis. PMID- 6998516 TI - Detection of mouse sperm antigens by a surface labeling and immunoprecipitation approach. PMID- 6998518 TI - Immunofluorescence studies using antisera to crude and to purified porcine relaxin. PMID- 6998519 TI - Synthesis of progesterone and estradiol by monkey luteal cells in culture: Effects of insulin, thyroxine, cortisol, and cholesterol with and without hCG. PMID- 6998520 TI - GnRH interaction with anterior pituitary. IV. Effect of estradiol-17 beta on GnRH mediated release of LH from ovine pituitary cells obtained during the breeding season, anestrous season, and period of transition into or out of the breeding season. PMID- 6998521 TI - Factor V deficiency in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Factor V deficiency has been identified in 8 of 8 patients 7--20 yr of age, with Philadelphia-positive (Ph1+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In these 8 patients, factor V deficiency was not due to hepatic dysfunction, factor V inhibitors, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 3 patients, factor V activity rose 10%--12% (0.10--0.12 U/ml) after the infusion of 28--31 ml/kg body weight of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). The rise persisted less than 14 hr. The mean measured postinfusion rise in factor V was 18% of the expected rise calculated from the volume of FFP infused in the patients' plasma volume. In 4 patients, a small transient rise in factor V activity occurred after splenectomy or plateletpheresis. Factor V deficiency was completely corrected after a marked reduction in bone marrow cellularity in 2 patients with Ph1+ CML treated with extensive chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and bone marrow transplantation. Factor V deficiency was retrospectively observed in 6 of 20 patients, ages 20--80 yr, with Ph1+ CML and 3 of 6 patients with other myeloproliferative disorders. The factor V deficiency appears to be associated with the large myeloid megakaryocytic cell mass characteristic of CML and other myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6998522 TI - Innervation of airway smooth muscle in the dog. PMID- 6998523 TI - Folk medicine and popular attitudes toward disease in the High Alps, 1780-1870. PMID- 6998524 TI - Bloodletting in early Chinese medicine and its relation to the origin of acupuncture. PMID- 6998525 TI - Gerhard's distinction between typhoid and typhus and its reception in America, 1833-1860. PMID- 6998526 TI - To find a stand: New England physicians on the Western and Southern frontier, 1790-1840. PMID- 6998527 TI - "To be used only under the direction of a physician": commercial infant feeding and medical practice, 1870-1940. PMID- 6998528 TI - Sir William Osler's dreams and nightmares. PMID- 6998529 TI - A fourteenth-century Latin poem on the art of the physician. PMID- 6998530 TI - Selected list of books and journals for a small dental library. AB - This subject list of 116 dental books and 20 dental journals is intended to help the dental book committee and the librarian of a small health sciences library achieve a balanced collection of dental books and journals. Cost of books totals 2,619.38 dollars, that of journals is 531.50 dollars, making a total of 3,150.88 dollars. Cost of starred books totals 1,083.75 dollars, that of starred journals is 134.00 dollars, making a total of 1,217.75 dollars. PMID- 6998531 TI - A MEDLINE feasibility study. AB - A MEDLINE feasibility study was conducted with the Northeastern Consortium for Health Information (NECHI) and sponsored by the New England Regional Medical Library Service. It is based on the theory that most potential users and supporters of MEDLINE within hospitals are unaware of its usefulness and applications, and that there exists a need for expanding MEDLINE services to more hospital libraries. The purpose of the study was to provide NECHI with an evaluation of MEDLINE as a feasible service by ascertaining the need and by evaluating the usefulness, satisfaction, and costs of the system. The study demonstrated sufficient use of MEDLINE to justify implementation within NECHI and it provided useful data to determine the future of MEDLINE in each institution. It documented that utilization improved rapidly with publicity and the presence of the system within an institution, that MEDLINE can be an effective and economical complement to the traditional reference services used to support information needs in hospitals, and that more hospital libraries should be able to implement MEDLINE to their advantage once potential users and supporters have been exposed to the system. PMID- 6998532 TI - Selected list of family medicine books and journals for the small medical library. PMID- 6998533 TI - Presentation of academy plaque to John L. Madden, M. D. PMID- 6998535 TI - An extensive outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremias from in-use contamination of I.V. bottles. PMID- 6998534 TI - Presentation of academy medal to Erwin Chargaff, Ph.D. PMID- 6998536 TI - The effect of different calorific doses of carbohydrate on nitrogen excretion after surgery. AB - The protein-sparing effect of different calorific regimens [0.025 MJ (6 kcal); 0.105 MJ (25 kcal); 0.167 MJ (40 kcal) per kg body weight per 24 h] of postoperatively infused glucose has been studied in 18 patients undergoing operations of intermediate severity. Carbohydrate infusion has a progressive nitrogen-sparing effect. However, the increased negative nitrogen balance associated with surgical stress could not be prevented completely. PMID- 6998537 TI - The reduction of postoperative chest infection by prophylactic co-trimoxazole. AB - A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a single prophylactic dose of co-trimoxazole on the incidence of pulmonary complications following upper abdominal surgery. Of 68 patients studied, 36 were judged clinically to have no postoperative pulmonary complications, 18 to have pulmonary atelectasis and 14 to have chest infection. Serial analysis of arterial oxygen tensions supported the clinical assessment. Of 34 controls, 6 developed pulmonary atelectasis and 11 (32 per cent) chet infection. Of the 34 treated patients, 12 developed atelectasis and 3 (9 per cent) chest infection. The reduction in chest infection was significant (P < 0.05). These results support the use of prophylactic cotrimoxazole to prevent chest infection following abdominal surgery. PMID- 6998539 TI - Predictive value of serum complement (C3) in renal allograft rejection. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not changes in serum concentrations of complement component C3 are of value in predicting the long term survival of the transplanted kidney. C3 was quantitated by radial immunodiffusion in fresh sera drawn immediately before transplantation and twice weekly thereafter from 10 recipients. Fourteen episodes of acute rejection occurred during the first 3 months postoperatively. These were diagnosed by the demonstration of graft tenderness, fever without evidence of infection and a rise in serum creatinine of 1 mg/dl in the absence of urinary or vascular obstruction. Five rejection episodes in 3 patients were associated with a fall in C3. In one of these patients, C3 returned to normal levels after the episode was reversed, and the kidney is functioning well 2 years after transplantation. In the other 2 patients, C3 remained at low levels regardless of anti-rejection therapy. Transplant nephrectomy was soon required for irreversible rejection. In contrast, only 1 episode unaccompanied by a fall in C3 was irreversible. Evidence is provided concerning the value of serial C3 complement determinations as a predictor of rejection in renal allografts. Using the variability measure Si, the cumulated standard deviation up to week i, Si > 10 not only predicts rejection but does so rather early, providing more than 90 per cent of the ideal lead time. This suggests that loss of a graft may be predicted, but this needs confirmation in additional cases. PMID- 6998538 TI - Low dose heparin and compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. AB - The frequency of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was studied in 98 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. All the patients received low dose heparin prophylaxis 5000 i.u. every 12 h for 5-7 days. In each patient, a graduated compression stocking was also worn and randomly allocated to one of the legs and the other leg served as a control. DVT was diagnosed by the 125I-fibrinogen method. Four patients developed bilateral DVT and 8 patients unilateral DVT, all of whom developed it in the control leg. The difference in unilateral DVT between stockinged and control legs was significant (P < 0.004). It is concluded that a combination of low dose heparin and graduated compression stockings is more effective than low dose heparin alone in reducing the frequency of postoperative DVT. It is suggested that this combination of prophylaxis might be of value in high risk patients. PMID- 6998540 TI - Inhibition of metabolic responses to surgery with beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - Glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acid and insulin levels in plasma were measured in two groups of 12 patients undergoing gastrectomy under general anaesthesia. Propranolol in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight was intraoperatively infused in one of the two groups. Surgery under general anaesthesia elicited a significant rise in blood glucose, lactate and NEFA concentrations. These metabolic responses were significantly inhibited by intraoperative infusion of propranolol without producing any undesirable side effect. Plasma insulin levels showed a slight decrease during the operation and no significant difference was noted between the two groups. The results suggest that beta-adrenergic activity is playing a major role in these metabolic responses, promoting the mobilization of substrates. Possible benefits of inhibiting beta-adrenergic activation in surgical stress are discussed. PMID- 6998542 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in ependymal cells during development. An immunocytochemical study. AB - Human ependymal cells show positive immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at one stage of the fetal development. The reaction seems to coincide with maturation of the epithelial layer and development of cilia. Two types of reactive cells are present: epithelial and tanycytes. The GFAP-positive reaction in both these cells is transient, appearing at different times and with different patterns in the various regions of the ventricular system. In order to explain the presence of detectable GFAP in developing ependymal cells and its absence in mature cells, it is proposed that either the synthesis of detectable amounts of GFAP occurs only at a stage of ependymal cell maturation, or that the intermediate filaments assembled in developing ependymal cell are antigenically distinct form those of the mature cells. The present findings indicate that tanycytes are not an immature from of ependymal cells but that they develop parallel to the epithelial cells. The role of the tanycytes remains obscure, but it is suggested that they are not related to radial glia. PMID- 6998541 TI - [3H]GABA uptake as a marker for cell type in primary cultures of cerebellum and olfactory bulb. AB - Uptake of [3H]GABA into cell cultures of rat cerebellum and olfactory bulb was studied by autoradiography, using beta-alanine and aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid to distinguish neuronal-specific and glial-specific uptake. Neurons and astrocytes were also labeled by tetanus toxin and anti-GFAP respectively. This combination of markers allowed identification and quantification of several cell types. Cerebellar cultures were found to contain 77% granule neurons, 7.5% inhibitory neurons (probably stellate and basket cells) and 15% astrocytes. Olfactory bulb cultures were over 50% in small neurons which accumulated GABA, the olfactory bulb granule neuron being GABAergic in vivo. PMID- 6998543 TI - Deafferentation studies on the glutamic acid decarboxylase content of the supraoptic nucleus of the rat. AB - The localization of the GABAergic neurons which send efferent fibers to the supraoptic nucleus was investigated. For this purpose the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, a specific marker for GABAergic neurons, was determined in the supraoptic nucleus after a variety of lesions. The severance of fibers from the mesencephalon and the mediobasal hypothalamus, as well as from the hippocampus, had no effect. However, lesions rostral to the nucleus reduced its activity in glutamic acid decarboxylase by about 40%, as did the infusion of kainic acid into the nucleus accumbens. Thus, the neurons in the supraoptic nucleus seem to receive a large part of their GABAergic afferents from the n. accumbens. In addition to that, GABAergic neurons intrinsic or adjacent to the supraoptic nucleus seem to contribute to the regulation of the release of vasopressin and/or oxytocin. PMID- 6998544 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme to astrocytes in human brain. AB - Indirect immunoperoxidase labelling at the light microscope level using a specific antisera to brain type creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme has localized the protein to astrocytes in the white matter of human cerebrum. No specific staining of neurones or of other glial elements was detected. PMID- 6998545 TI - [Suture of peripheral nerves. (Electron microscopic studies) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998546 TI - The eighth J. A. F. Stevenson memorial lecture. Angiotensin II in the control of hypovolaemic thirst and sodium appetite. PMID- 6998548 TI - Albumin: role and discriminative use in surgery. AB - Exogenous human serum albumin (HSA) is generally used empirically and its role in surgery is poorly defined. The function and kinetics of HSA in the body are reviewed to provide rational guidelines for its use in surgery. Starling's law of transcapillary exchange is important, especially when applied to the capillary beds of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, lungs and intestines; but it overestimates the importance of maintaining oncotic pressure in the two situations where HSA is clinically beneficial--hypovolemia and plasma volume sequestration. In hypovolemia, the harmful effects of protein dilution by massive crystalloid resuscitation are minimized initially by "edema safety factors", such as reduced oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid and increased flow of lymph, and subsequently by intravascular protein refill from extravascular sites. But in severe hypovolemia, albumin should be given early, with sufficient isotonic saline, to reduce the total volume of crystalloid required. In the first 24 hours of plasma volume sequestration, albumin infused intravenously may be lost from excessively permeable capillaries; but later, hyperoncotic HSA is useful to restore the plasma volume and to reduce interstitial edema. PMID- 6998547 TI - Junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 6998549 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension: a 10-year review. AB - Follow-up evaluation of 44 patients operated upon for renovascular hypertension between Jan. 1, 1969 and Dec. 31, 1978 indicated a 50% rate of cure, a 43% rate of improvement and a 2% operative mortality. The prognosis is much better for younger patients; for those under 35 years of age the cure rate was 100%. The renal vein renin level, although it is a measure of ischemic renovascular hypertension is not a precise criterion for predicting the results of surgical treatment. PMID- 6998550 TI - William Emet Blatz. PMID- 6998551 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in Canada. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is an established form of therapy for aplastic anemia and severe combined immunodeficiency. It is also a therapeutic option for acute leukemia in remission. Unfortunately, compatible donors are not available for most patients who could benefit from it. Further refinement of the techniques involved may make it suitable for more patients. Graft rejection, recurrent leukemia, graft-versus-host disease and interstitial pneumonia continue to be the main unsolved complications of bone marrow transplantation, but recent advances have decreased their frequency and severity. Most of the complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be eliminated with the use of autologous stem cells. For further refinement bone marrow transplantation should continue to be performed in large centres that combine treatment with research. PMID- 6998552 TI - Clonidine (Dixarit) for menopausal flushing. AB - Clonidine, 0.05 mg twice daily, was evaluated in a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study in 66 patients who had had menopausal flushing for less than 1 year. Although the placebo effect was substantial, clonidine reduced the frequency of attacks significantly more than did placebo. In three of the four trials the patients' comparisons of symptoms before and after crossover indicated significantly greater improvement when the crossover was from placebo to clonidine rather than the reverse. The frequency, severity and duration of attacks were reduced by clonidine in 78%, 89% and 88% of the patients respectively, and by placebo in 50%, 53% and 50%. Side effects were minimal and their pattern was the same for clonidine as for placebo. Clonidine's action as a peripheral vascular stabilizer makes it potentially useful for the treatment of menopausal flushing. It would be prudent to include clonidine at the beginning of treatment so that its efficacy could be assessed in each individual. Its use would enhance the effects of the usual management of the menopausal syndrome, which consists of explanation, reassurance and, sometimes, the use of tranquillizers. Clonidine is a symptomatic medication that makes flushing more tolerable and should reduce the number of patients who would otherwise be exposed to the risks of estrogens. PMID- 6998553 TI - High-dose methotrexate with "RESCUE" plus cyclophosphamide as initial chemotherapy in ovarian adenocarcinoma. A randomized trial with observations on the influence of C parvum immunotherapy. AB - In a prospective randomized study, the chemotherapeutic combination of high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue plus cyclophosphamide (MECY) has been shown to be statistically significantly superior to the combination of 5-fluorouracil plus cyclophosphamide (FUCY) in the treatment of Stage III-IV ovarian adenocarcinoma. With MECY, an overall objective remission rate of 67% and a complete remission rate of 48% were achieved. All patients had undergone no treatment except for surgery. In addition to the chemotherapy, patients were randomly allocated to receive or not receive nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum; this immunotherapy had no apparent effect on the chemotherapeutic response. The study demonstrates a high degree of activity for the MECY regimen, and a comparison between the results with MECY in this study and melphalan in an earlier prospective randomized study provides statistical evidence favoring MECY over single-agent melphalan in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 6998554 TI - Malignant lymphoma of pre-T-cell type terminating in acute myelocytic leukemia. A case report with enzymic and immunologic marker studies. AB - We report a case of a T-zone malignant lymphoma of a cervical lymph node developing in a 25-year-old man. Only 14% of the marrow was originally involved, but within two months massive, leukemic dissemination ensued. The blast cells were unable to bind sheep erythrocytes (E) but expressed human thymus leukemia antigen (HTLA) and common ALL-stem-cell (cALL) antigen and had high terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder of pre-T-cell type. Complete remission was achieved with intensive chemotherapy. Two months later, acute myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed; at this time, over 90% of the blast cells were peroxidase, sudan black, and chloracetate-esterase positive. Consistent with loss of high TdT activity and HTLA and cALL antigens, 86% of the blasts now expressed Ia-like antigens. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated hyperdiploidy. Reports of granulocytic leukemia in lymphoma are reviewed in the context of the above findings and the hypothesis that a leukemogenic factor affects a multipotential stem cell. PMID- 6998555 TI - Diffuse large cell lymphomas (reticulum cell sarcomas, histiocytic lymphomas). Correlation of morphologic features with functional markers. AB - Electron microscopic findings in 15 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma were correlated with other morphologic features, surface immunotype and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin content. Immunologically, the cases were: B cell, 8; null, 4; T cell, 2; and H cell (true histiocytic), 1. Ultrastructurally, all B cell and three null lymphomas were characterized by an abundance of polyribosomes and segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Concentric rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in 4 cases of B cell lymphoma containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and in a null lymphoma. In 1 case of B cell lymphoma, the diastase-sensitive, periodic-acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasm showed evidence of widely dispersed monoparticulate glycogen granules. The two T cell lymphomas contained hyperlobulated or single round nuclei, and abundant smooth to rough endoplasmic reticulum. One null lymphoma appeared to share the ultrastructural features of T cell convoluted nuclei and the cytoplasmic organelles of myeloid precursor cells. The H cell lymphoma had features of monocytic-macrophagic differentiation. The large cell lymphomas, a morphologically and functionally heterogeneous group, were represented predominantly in this series by neoplasms with follicular center cells or early plasma cells. PMID- 6998556 TI - 5-Fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, and radiotherapy with or without testolactone for localized adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Since August 1975, 69 patients with localized pancreatic carcinoma (extent of tumor confined to a 15 cm x 15 cm radiotherapy port) have received either Regimen A, comprising radiotherapy (6,000 rad) to the tumor area with simultaneous combination chemotherapy utilizing methyl-CCNU, 125 mg/m2 orally, every six weeks, and 5-fluorouracil, 400 mg/m2 intravenously, weekly; or Regimen B, comprising Regimen A with the addition of testolactone, 200 mg, orally every day. Thirty-eight patients on Regimen A and 30 patients on Regimen B are currently evaluable. Median survival, which appeared not to be affected by the addition of testolactone, was 38 weeks for those on Regimen A and 30 weeks for those on Regimen B (P = 0.677). The median survival time for all patients was 38 weeks. Good performance status did correlate with improved survival vs. poor performance status (46 weeks vs. 20 weeks, P = .008). Fifteen patients have survived for more than 52 weeks, with the longest survival time being 160 + weeks, and in 3 cases all therapy has been discontinued. However, most patients experienced moderate to severe hematologic toxic reactions. There was one treatment-related death and significant gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 6. Because of the toxic reactions of this program, it should not be considered in favor of similar less aggressive programs. PMID- 6998558 TI - Erythroblastic transformation in myeloproliferative disorders: confirmation by an immunohistologic technique. AB - Blast crisis developed in 2 patients with meyloproliferative disorders, 1 with chronic granulocytic leukemia and the other with myelosclerosis and myeloid metaplasia. The blast cells had the morphologic and histologic characteristics of erythroblasts. An immunohistologic technique capable of detecting intracellular hemoglobin was used in order to demonstrate that these blast cells were of erythroid nature. The occurrence of erythroblast transformation in myelosclerosis and myeloid metaplasia as well as in chronic granulocytic leukemia supports the concept that both conditions are disorders of the marrow stem cell that may display similar morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic expressions in blast crisis. This study demonstrates that immunohistologic techniques are potentially valuable in the study of myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6998559 TI - Preliminary evaluation of intratumoral injection of a Streptococcus pyrogenes preparation in patients with malignant brain tumors. AB - Thirteen patients with malignant brain tumors, 12 anaplastic gliomas and one metastatic tumor, received repeated intratumoral injections of an immunopotentiator, Picibanil, prepared from streptococcus pyogenes. All patients tolerated this therapy; morbidity rates were acceptable. Significant tumor regression was noted on computerized tomography scanning for 6 of 12 patients for whom scanning was performed. Histologic examination of the post-therapy specimens obtained from 8 patients revealed that inflammatory reactions were evoked in all of the tumors, although the extent of inflammatory changes varied from patient to patient and mostly was localized to an area surrounding the intratumoral tubes. PMID- 6998557 TI - Survival and response to chemotherapy for advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group report. AB - A series of 1,314 cases of advanced measurable colon or rectal cancer were evaluated for objective tumor response and survival. All patients received chemotherapy according to protocols conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group during the period between 1974 and 1977. For those patients who had not received chemotherapy prior to study entry, no therapy program under evaluations was significantly more active than the oral or intravenous 5-fluorouracil treatment programs with respect to survival or objective tumor response. The survival and response rates therapy programs under study, including methyl-CCNU, appeared to be comparable. Initial performance status (P < 0.01), weight loss in the six months prior to study entry (P < 0.001), and prior chemotherapy status were shown to be most prognostic for survival, and thus merit inclusion as stratification factors in any comparative trial involving this population. These factors were shown to have a cumulatively greater influence upon survival than the treatment program. Treatment differences were most accentuated within the favorable subgroups of the leading prognostic factors. The location of the primary tumor had a significant effect upon the eventual sites of metastatic disease involvement at the time of study entry (P < 0.001). The consequences of this analysis suggest that investigators need to address characteristics of the population under study. It is also noted that patients with chemotherapy prior to study entry are best suited for survival studies, while patients with no chemotherapy prior to study entry are well suited for both objective tumor response and survival studies. PMID- 6998560 TI - The metaphase arrest technique. A critical review. AB - The accuracy and precision of the stathmokinetic experiment for the determination of cell birth rate are discussed from practical and theoretical viewpoints. Topics covered include the determination of the optimal dosage of the metaphase arresting agent, the times at which observations should be taken and which cells should be counted, the correct method of estimating cell birth rate and the dependence of any derived estimate of the turnover time on the age distribution of cycling cells. Failure to consider any of these points can lead to considerable inaccuracy. It is further shown that the stathmokinetic method is a rather imprecise one for measuring the turnover time and the duration of mitosis. Data are present comparing the results of using the technique with those obtained from autoradiographic studies. PMID- 6998561 TI - Fibronectin in early avian embryos: synthesis and distribution along the migration pathways of neural crest cells. AB - Immunoperoxidase labelling for fibronectin (FN) in chick embryos showed FN positive basement membranes surrounding the neural crest cell population prior to crest-cell migration. At cranial levels, crest cells migrated laterally into a large cell-free space. Initially they moved as a tongue of cells contacting the FN-positive basement membrane of the ectoderm but later the crest cell population expanded into space further from the ectoderm, until eventually the entire cranial cell-free space was occupied by mesenchyme cells. This was accompanied by the appearance of FN among the crest cells. At trunk levels, crest cells entered a relatively small space already containing FN-positive extracellular material. At later stages the migration of trunk crest cells broadly matched the distribution of FN. In vitro, chick and quail embryo ectoderm, endoderm, somites, notochord and neural tube synthesized and organized fibrous FN-matrices, as shown by immunofluorescence. Ectoderm and endoderm deposited this matrix only on the substrate face. The FN content of endoderm and neural tube matrices was transient, the immunofluorescence intensity declining after 1-2 days in culture. Some crest cells of cranial and sacral axial levels synthesized FN. Our data suggests that these were the earliest crest cells to migrate from these levels. This ability may be the first expression of mesenchymal differentiation in these crest cells, and in vivo enable them to occupy a large space. Almost all crest cells from cervico-lumbar axial levels were unable to synthesize FN. In vivo, this inability may magnify the response of these crest cells to FN provided by the neighbouring embryonic tissues. PMID- 6998562 TI - Mutations at the yeast SUP4 tRNATyr locus: DNA sequence changes in mutants lacking suppressor activity. AB - Yeast strains harboring indepjendent mutations within the SUP4 tyrosine tRNA gene have been selected by virtue of their inactivating effect upon the SUP4-o UAA suppressor. Three fourths of the mutations at SUP4 are point alterations; the rest resemble the deletions described by Rothstein (1979). A meiotic genetic fine structure map of the locus was made by crossing 69 of the mutants in all combinations and testing for the frequency of SUP4-o recombinants. The sequences of SUP4 genes cloned from 32 mutant strains were determined by the dideoxynucleotide terminator method, using as primer a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a sequence adjoining the SUP4 3' terminus. The positions of the DNA sequence alterations showed good colinearity with the positions of the mutations on the genetic map. One of the 26 mutant sites found by DNA sequencing lies within the intervening sequence. At this site three repeat mutations were found, each changing AT leads to TA. Whereas mutations were generally rather uniformly distributed throughout the tRNATyr coding sequence, none occurred in the DNA sequences flanking the mature tRNATyr sequence or in a 12 nucleotide sequence including the 10 bp which constitute the 3' side of the intervening sequence. PMID- 6998563 TI - Control of recA gene RNA in E. coli: regulatory and signal genes. PMID- 6998564 TI - A model for transcription termination suggested by studies on the trp attenuator in vitro using base analogs. PMID- 6998565 TI - Prosthetic and periodontal interactions. PMID- 6998566 TI - Techniques of repair of fractured veneer facing. PMID- 6998567 TI - Antibody response of murine spleen cells with or without receptors for C3 to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 6998568 TI - Exogenous protease promotes specific antibody forming cell response in vitro. PMID- 6998569 TI - Studies on Fc receptor function. II. Depressive effect of aggregated IgG2b on B lymphocyte activation by T-dependent and T-independent antigens. PMID- 6998570 TI - The cellular origin of multiple monoclonal immunoglobulins reflects the postulated pathways of isotype differentiation of antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6998571 TI - Alterations of polymorphonuclear leukocyte surface charge by stimulated lymphocyte supernatants. PMID- 6998572 TI - Selective culture of epithelioid cells from a human squamous carcinoma using a monoclonal antibody to kill fibroblasts. AB - Monoclonal antibody LICR LON/FIB86 is cytotoxic for human fibroblasts from at least some sources, with rabbit complement. Explants of human squamous carcinomas of the head and neck were put into culture and fibroblasts and epithelioid cells began to grow out. The cultures were treated regularly with antibody plus complement: the fibroblasts were killed consistently, as they emerged, leaving sheets of epithelioid cells. We conclude that this is a practical method for controlling human fibroblast growth in culture. PMID- 6998573 TI - Enhanced fusion capacity of malaria (Plasmodium berghei)-infected mouse red cells. AB - The capacity of normal and malaria-infected mouse red cells to undergo fusion was investigated by phase contrast microscopy. The fusion of mouse red cells induced by 50% w/w poly(ethylene glycol)-6000 in the presence of Ca+2 is enhanced by P. berghei infection. Cells carrying parasites in the ring form stage and early trophozoite stage show slightly higher fusion induced by dimethyl sulphoxide and Ca+2 than those carrying parasites in trophozoite and schizont stages. PMID- 6998574 TI - Nuclear events in B-cells of young and senescent rat islets in organ culture. AB - In vitro, B-cells maintain their capacity to multiply. However, the number of mitotic figures observed in cultured rat Langerhans islets is far larger for young donnor animals than for old ones. The same observation is true for the number of nuclei incorporating tritiated thymidine in vitro. These data are in agreement with the principal observation resulting from the study of senescence on different in vitro cellular models: the decrease of the replication potential with increasing age. The stimulation of DNA synthesis by glucose, however, does not seem to be altered with aging. PMID- 6998575 TI - Immunofluorescent evidence for a transient association of actin with phagosomes in BHK 21 cells. AB - The association of actin with latex phagosomes in BHK 21 cells, a normal fibroblastic cell line, was studied using fluoescent antibody to anti-DNase I. DNase I binds specifically to actin and in fixed, acetone-extracted BHK cells much of the immunofluorescent staining is restricted to microfilament bundles. A concentrated rim of actin specific fluorescence is observed about newly formed phagosomes. After long ingestion periods of any actin specific fluorescence. The data indicate that actin polymerization about phagosomes in fibroblasts is a transient event persisting for approximately 2 min. PMID- 6998577 TI - [Cervical suture by the Wurma-Heffner technic]. PMID- 6998576 TI - Actin containing filaments in sheep choroid plexus cells infected in vitro by Visna virus: an immunofluorescent and ultrastructural study. AB - The in vitro infection of sheep choroid plexus cells by Visna virus induces changes in the distribution and the orientation of actin containing filament bundles. During the cell fusion the stellate shape of cells with several interdigitations is associated with radial spanning of the contractile system. The intercellular contacts are characterized by the occurrence of a discontinuous line of rich actin containing dots which could be a junction of several short filament bundles. PMID- 6998579 TI - [Anniversary of Prof. Sasa Nettl]. PMID- 6998578 TI - [Richter's syndrome]. AB - A report is presented on a case of Richter's syndrome in a 77-year old female patient. The pathological process stretched over two year starting as chronic lymphatic leukemia with typical features of the clinical and hematological pictures. No cytostatics were used. In the terminal stages, the cytological picture had changed to the exten that a clinical diagnosis of Richter's syndrome could be established. Histological tests of the necroptic material revealed the presence in lymph nodes of structures of lymphogranuloma with Reed-Sternberg's cells. Monoclonal gammapathy IgM was another noteworthy feature. PMID- 6998580 TI - [The influence of nutrition on the course of nosocomial infections with Salmonella infantis and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in premature infants and newborns]. PMID- 6998581 TI - [The influence of hyperbilirubinemia on immunity in the newborn and the immunosuppressive effect of bilirubin in experiments in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 6998582 TI - [Special physical training - a contribution to the improvement of children with minimal cerebral dysfunction. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6998583 TI - [Current view of granulomas]. PMID- 6998584 TI - [The effect of estradiol-17 beta on capillary blood flow in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6998585 TI - Identification and biological activity of fatty acids as a gastric secretion inhibitory principle from dried brewer's yeast. PMID- 6998586 TI - Mutagenicity of carbadox and several quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives. PMID- 6998588 TI - The indirect fluorescent antibody test for seroepidemiological studies in schistosomiasis in East Africa. AB - In a schistosomiasis endemic area two populations, one predominantly infected with S. haematobium and the other with S. mansoni, were examined with the IFAT using juxtaposed S. haematobium and S. mansoni antigen and with parasitological methods. In both populations: ---the serological prevalence was higher than the parasitological prevalence, ---a positive correlation was found betwen titre and egg output, ---focal fluorescence in antigen sections, which is a sign of a young infection, was found mainly in the younger age classes, ---the mean titre was higher for the homologous antigen but this preference was negligable in the population from the S. mansoni area. PMID- 6998587 TI - [3Autochthonous cases of murine typhus in France?]. AB - Three men native from Northern Africa, aged more than 40 years, but by their profession in France with narrow contacts to rats, present clinical signs of typhus. Serology (FCT and FAT) gives positive results with R. prowazeki and R. typhi which have a strait antigenic community. Following assays of absorption of the sera by the two antigens and light differences of titers we conclude that two cases are Brill-Zinsser illnesses, but one is really an autochtone case of murin typhus. The last affirmation is confirmed by the detection of specific IgM antibodies. PMID- 6998590 TI - A longitudinal study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the West African savannah using the ELISA technique. AB - Malarial antibody levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two West African populations, one exposed to intense malaria transmission and the other protected. The results reflected the transmission of maternal antibody and, in the unprotected population, the subsequent increase of the ELISA values with age reflected the development of the immune response to malaria. Malaria control activities reduced ELISA values in the protected population. The limitations of the ELISA test used in this study are shown by the fact that numerous infants with previous proven parasitaemia were ELISA-negative. Purified antigens are needed to improve the ELISA test for use in serological surveys of malaria. PMID- 6998589 TI - Drug-resistant malaria--occurrence, control, and surveillance. PMID- 6998591 TI - Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of malaria antigens. AB - A serodiagnostic test has been developed for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in infected blood. Using parasite antigens and infected red blood cells from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum and malaria antibody from high titre Gambian sera, parasites were detected in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) that measured antibody-binding inhibition. Lysed RBC were incubated with labelled IgG purified from immune sera and were then placed in antigen-coated microtubes and incubated. The degree of inhibition of antibody binding in the tubes correlated with the level of parasitaemia in the test RBC and, using dilutions of RBC from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum, the test detected infection at a level of 8 parasites/10(6) red blood cells. The test was applied to RBC from 100 healthy European blood donors and to samples of RBC from 500 Gambians from the up-country villages of Keneba and Manduar. More samples were positive by RIA than by microscopy and there was a highly significant degree of correlation between the RIA and microscopy results. PMID- 6998594 TI - A controlled field trial of liver oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a. AB - A controlled field trial of a live oral typhoid vaccine was carried out in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1978-79. A total of 32 388 children were included in the study. They were divided in two comparable groups, one given 3 doses of the vaccine and the other 3 doses of the placebo. Each active dose contained 1 x 10(9)-8 x 10(9) live Ty21a bacteria. From March 1978 to March 1979, the population studied was followed up and suspected typhoid cases were investigated bacteriologically and serologically. The effectiveness of the vaccine was assessed by analysis of the incidence of typhoid fever in the two groups. The results of the follow-up indicate that, in the dosage schedule used, the Ty21a mutant strain, found previously to be stable and safe, is protective against typhoid fever for at least one year. PMID- 6998592 TI - Labelling of membrane glycoproteins of cultivated Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Membrane glycoprotein synthesis by Plasmodium falciparum was determined by metabolic labelling in the presence of 74 kBq/ml (2.5 muCi/ml) glucosamine-(3)H. Five major glycoprotein bands and four minor ones were demonstrated. A control experiment using normal, outdated, human erythrocytes indicates that there was no incorporation of the labelled glucosamine into the erythrocyte membrane. It was also demonstrated that the rate of membrane glycoprotein synthesis by mature parasites of the trophozoite and schizont stages was twice that of the ring-stage parasites. Cytochemical surface-labelling experiments had led to the conclusion that the membrane of malaria parasites contains little or no glycoprotein. Our studies indicate, however, that there is significant synthesis of membrane glycoprotein by the parasite and that this can be metabolically labelled and measured by using radioactive glucosamine as precursor of the glycoprotein. PMID- 6998595 TI - Role of prostacyclin in the preservation of ischemic myocardial tissue in the perfused cat heart. PMID- 6998593 TI - Cold isohaemagglutinins in Plasmodium berghei-infected rats reacting with parasitized reticulocytes. AB - Significant levels of cold IgM and IgG isohaemagglutinins were detected in the serum of rats infected with Plasmodium berghei KSP 11. Peak titres occurred 15 days after initial infection at the time when the parasitaemia was dropping rapidly, or 7 days after a second challenge infection. Infected reticulocytes were much more sensitive to agglutination than uninfected cells, but absorption experiments demonstrated isoantigenicity in the determinants involved. This result indicated that the presence of the parasite resulted in exposure of membrane isoantigens normally masked. Agglutination could be inhibited with fractions with pIs 7.7-7.8 obtained from parasitized reticulocytes. Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde-fixed infected cells each gave distinct agglutination reactions, different from unfixed cells. PMID- 6998596 TI - The structure, function and metabolism of high-density lipoproteins: A status report. AB - Case-control and prospective epidemiologic studies have found a striking, consistently negative association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and coronary vascular events. As a result, the genetic and environmental determinants of HDL levels are being studied intensively. These investigations and their potential clinical applications require a fundamental understanding of the structure, function and metabolism of HDL and its components. Of special interest are the means by which HDL exerts its apparently protective effect. In this report we characterize the structure of HDL and describe its components, particularly the protein component. We discuss HDL metabolism in light of the relationship of HDL to the other lipoprotein classes, and relate what little is known of the functions of HDL. We also review the biochemical mechanisms by which HDL may protect against cardiovascular disease and discuss further biochemical research that will be necessary for a better understanding of HDL. PMID- 6998597 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone on P50, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and arteriovenous oxygen difference in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a double-blind randomized study, 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPN) or 15 mg/kg of mannitol placebo (PL) were infused in 28 patients after acute myocardial infarction. Measurements were obtained immediately before and after for 24 hours after the initial infusion. The partial pressure of oxygen at 50% saturation of hemoglobin (P50) did not change significantly in vitro or in vivo after MPN, whereas 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) increased from 13.2 to 14.2 mumol/g Hb (p < 0.05) in the group receiving PL. The arteriovenous oxygen difference (Ca-VO2) remained constant after MPN or PL. The cardiac index (CI) increased after MPN (p < 0.02) associated with an increase in the oxygen consumption index (CI X A-V O2) from 146 to 170 ml/min/m2 (p < 0.05). These data show that MPN increases CI after acute myocardial infarction, but has no specific effects on P50, 2,3 DPG or Ca-VO2. PMID- 6998598 TI - Double-blind trial comparing two dosage schedules of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol with a placebo in the treatment of perennial rhinitis for twelve months. Brompton Hospital/medical research council collaborative trial. AB - A double-blind trial comparing two dosage schedules of beclomethasone dipropinate, 200 micrograms 400 micrograms, with a placebo in the treatment of perennial rhinitis for 12 months has been undertaken in 108 patients. Both schedules of beclomethasone dipropionate were therapeutically effective but the improvement in both the nasal and conjunctival symptoms was more marked with the higher dosage. Clinical candidiasis was not observed on inspection of the nose in any of the patients before or during the trial and in only one patient was clinical candidiasis observed on inspection of the throat. Epistaxes occurred in twelve of forty patients allocated to beclomethasone dipropionate and four of twenty-three allocated to placebo who had not had them before the trial. Most of the episodes were minor but four patients, all on beclomethasone dipropionate, reduced the aerosol dosage because of epistaxes. PMID- 6998599 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol compared with dry powder in the treatment of asthma. AB - In a double-blind trial, beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled as a dry powder in doses of 200 micrograms three times a day was compared with the conventional aerosol of 100 micrograms three times a day, each for a period of 4 weeks. Neither the dry powder nor the aerosol showed any significant advantage over each other in terms of ventilatory function. Plasma cortisol levels were unaltered with the two medications in spite of the doubled dose of the corticosteroid powder. Choice of one or the other method of administration of medication depended on patient preference and the ease with which he could familiarize himself with either technique. PMID- 6998600 TI - The effect of proxicromil, a new oral chromone derivative, in antigen challenge tests is asthmatic patients. AB - Proxicromil is a compound shown in biological tests to have anti-allergic properties. It is well absorbed in humans after oral administration. In order to assess its anti-allergic activity in humans, experiments were carried out in asthmatic patients to investigate its inhibitory effects upon the bronchoconstrictor response to antigen challenge. Two controlled experiments were carried out according to randomized double blind crossover designs, in each of which ten selected patients were pretreated orally with proxicromil before being challenged with inhaled doses of antigen. Inhibition of the immediate response to antigen challenge by single and repeated doses was meaured by intermittent recordings of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) for 30 minutes after challenge. The duration of action of proxicromil and studied by varying the time between administration of the last dose given and inhalation of the antigen. The results showed that proxicromil significantly protected patients against the immediate response to challenge, and possessed a long duration of action of at least 12 hours. PMID- 6998601 TI - "ULtra-clean" isotope diultion/mass spectrometic analyses for lead in human blood plasma indicated that most reported values are artificially high. AB - We measured lead concentrations in venous blood plasma from two subjects, one having a typical exposure and the other a high exposure to lead. Our preliminary data, obtained by isotope dilution/mass spectrometric techniques in an ultra clean laboratory, show lead concentrations of 0.02 mug/L and 2 mug/L, respectively, in their blood plasma, and 110 mug/L and 800 mug/L, respectively, in samples of whole blood. These results indicate that plasma lead concentrations previously reported have been overestimated by a large factor, and that further improvements in analytical procedures are needed in most laboratories before data on lead concentratios in blood plasma can be properly interpreted. Our preliminary data indicate a positive correlation between lead intake and lead concentrations in blood plasma. PMID- 6998602 TI - Quantitation of serum gentamicin concentration by a solid-phase immunofluorescence method. AB - We describe the use of a solid-phase immunofluorescence method (FIAX system) for measuring drug concentrations, specifically gentamicin, in serum or plasma. Antibody to gentamicin is immobilized on a polymeric surface. This Sampler is immersed in a mixture of serum standard or unknown and a buffered solution of fluorescent-labeled gentamicin. After 30 min, the fluorescence of the specifically bound labeled gentamicin is measured with a fluorometer. The assay detects gentamicin in concentrations as low as 50 mug/L. It is specific for gentamicin, cross reactivity to some other therapeutic drugs, except netilmicin and sisomicin, being low. Results by this assay compare well with those by a radioimmunoassay (r = 0.94) and a radioenzymic assay (r = 0.95). The assay is specific, economical, simply performed, requires little pipetting, and does not involve the use of radioisotopes. PMID- 6998603 TI - Use of tumor markers as a supplement to cytology in diagnosis of malignant effusions. PMID- 6998604 TI - [Involvement of catecholamines in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998605 TI - Vitamin D: revisited 1980. PMID- 6998606 TI - Drug-induced disorders of vitamin D and mineral metabolism. PMID- 6998607 TI - Gastrointestinal-hepatic disorders and osteomalacia. PMID- 6998608 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in uraemic children. PMID- 6998610 TI - Pathological manifestations of osteomalacia and rickets. PMID- 6998611 TI - Clinical implications of measurements of circulating vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6998609 TI - Osteoporosis and osteomalacia. PMID- 6998612 TI - Nutritional osteomalacia and late rickets in Greater London, 1974--1979: clinical and metabolic studies in 45 patients. PMID- 6998613 TI - Application of the lod score method to detection of linkage between HLA and juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The lod score method has been applied to 28 informative families with at least one child suffering from juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes (JIDD), assuming autosomal recessive inheritance, for detection of linkage between HLA and a susceptibility locus for this disease. These 28 families were pooled with 21 other families from the literature. The maximum lod scores were obtained for recombination fractions from 4 to 16%, according to the level of penetrance (10 to 90%). These high estimates of the recombination fraction are not in agreement with the hypothesis that the association between JIDD and specific HLA haplotypes is due to a simple linkage disequilibrium between the HLA region and a susceptibility locus for JIDD. PMID- 6998614 TI - Detection of the circulating antibodies to teratocarcinomadefined antigens in patients with testicular tumours. AB - Sera from twenty-three patients with primary or metastatic testicular tumours of germinal origin were tested for antibodies against teratocarcinoma-associated antigen(s), using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Human and 129/Sv mouse sperm and mouse teratocarcinoma cell line 402 AX were used as target cells. A total of fifteen sera were identified as positive, six of them when tested against both sperm and tumour cells. Tail staining has been the most prevalent pattern of fluorescence on both human and murine spermatozoa. These observations suggest that antibody to a common teratoma-defined antigen(s) was detected in sera of patients with testicular tumours. PMID- 6998615 TI - Isolation and characterization of soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes formed in vitro and in vivo in sera from patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6998616 TI - Renal immune complexes in viral hepatitis. AB - Twenty-two patients dying of acute viral hepatitis were studied for the presence of renal immune complexes using direct immunofluorescence. A detailed light microscopic study of liver, kidney and other organs was also done and sera scanned for the presence of HBsAg. Results of light microscopy indicate that thirteen of twenty-two patients showed mild to moderate glomerular abnormalities. Immunofluorescence was positive in fifteen of twenty-two patients. IgA being positive in 28%. The incidence of HBsAg was low. It is suggested that both B and non-B type of hepatitis viruses are associated with a high incidence of renal immune complexes along with morphological alterations in the glomerulus. PMID- 6998617 TI - Trypanosoma brucei brucei: a model for cerebral trypanosomiasis in mice--an immunological, histological and electronmicroscopic study. AB - The successful induction of cerebral trypanosomiasis in ordinary laboratory mice using Trypanosoma brucei brucei is reported. Sequential studies demonstrated the presence of trypanosomes in the interstitium of the choroid plexus at the fourth week after infection which correlated with the appearance of anti-trypanosomal antibodies, a rise of IgM and IgG serum levels and a rise of Clq binding activity as well as a decrease of C3 levels. Electronmicroscopic studies showed that the parasites were flagellated and localized extracellularly mainly in the interstitium of the choroid plexus. Granular immunofluorescent deposits of Ig and C3 were most marked in the choroid plexus. Electron-dense deposits suggestive of immune complexes were seen in subendothelial, interstitial and subependymal areas of the choroid plexus. Since autoantibodies to the brain were found in the serum of some mice, the possible involvement of autoimmune manifestations in the pathogenesis of cerebral lesions has to be considered. The pattern of inflammatory foci at the eighth week after infection was very similar to that observed in cerebral African trypanosomiasis in man. After treatment with ethidium bromide, trypanosomes persisted in the tissues when circulating parasites could no longer be detected. These observations suggest a sequential involvement of brain structures during African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosomes may first migrate from the vascular compartment into the interstitium of the choroid plexus, possible favoured by increased vascular permeability. Circulating immune complexes and complement activation may be involved at this state. Trypanosomes localized in the choroid plexus may then trigger a local immunologically mediated inflammatory reaction favouring the migration of trypanosomes into the CSF and further invasion of other cerebral structures. PMID- 6998621 TI - Renin secretion and renal vascular resistance following prolonged administration of desoxycorticosterone (DOC) in rats drinking normal saline. AB - 1. The effect of long-term administration of desoxycorticosterone (DOC)-saline on arterial blood pressure, renal vascular resistance and renin secretion rate was studied in the rat. 2. Renin secretion rate and peripheral plasma renin activity was markedly reduced in the DOC-saline treated rats. Renal vascular resistance was comparable to that found in a corresponding control group. Responsiveness to isoprenaline suggested that the beta-adrenoceptor mediating renin release was grossly intact. 3. A significant rise in blood pressure occurred in only 50% of the treated animals: However, no differences in weight gain, renal vascular resistance or renin levels were apparent when compared with animals which remained normotensive. 4. These findings indicate that suppression of renin secretion during prolonged DOC-saline administration cannot be directly attributed to changes in arterial pressure, renal vascular resistance or beta adrenoceptor sensitivity. PMID- 6998620 TI - An in vitro assay for uni-directional migration inhibition employing 51Cr labelled macrophages. AB - An improved in vitro technique to assay for migration inhibitory factor is presented. The method employs chromium-51-radiolabelled guinea-pig macrophages and offers significant advantages including (1) elimination of observer to observer variation and tedious measurements resulting in an objective and technically simple assay, (2) the requirement for small numbers of immune lymphocytes, (3) good sensitivity and reproducibility between successive assays performed on different days, and (4) a means of obtaining relative estimates of the 'strength' (concentration) of the factor so that comparisons with healthy individuals can be made. PMID- 6998619 TI - Skin test reactivity and in vitro responses to microbes and microbial antigens. AB - In the present study the relationships between skin reactivity, leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) production and lymphocyte transformation in healthy volunteers and newborns were investigated. LIF synthesis was assessed by the two-step agarose migration method and cellular proliferation by the incorporation of iododeoxyuridine. The following soluble antigens and whole microbes were used: purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), Streptococcus Beta haemolyticus, group A, Dermatophytin O (DO) and Candida albicans. The results indicated a significant correlation between skin reactivity and in vitro tests with soluble antigens and that, of the in vitro tests used, lymphocyte transformation correlated better with skin test than LIF production. Furthermore, soluble antigens gave better correlations with skin tests than whole microbes. Experiments with cord blood cells demonstrated that they did not respond to antigens but were activated by whole microbes. Thus the whole microbes appear to contain mitogenic components. PMID- 6998618 TI - Autoimmune oophoritis in thymectomized mice: detection of circulating antibodies against oocytes. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory described a particular type of ovarian dysgenesis which develops in mice after neonatal thymectomy (Tx) at the critical age of 2-4 days after birth. The present experiment provides evidence which strongly suggests an autoimmune aetiology for this phenomenon. By indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) and horse-radish peroxidase (HRPO) labelled antibody techniques, it was demonstrated that neonatally Tx mice of (C57B1/6Cr x A/JCr)F1 (B6A) and (C3H/HeMs x 129/J)F1 (C31) hybrids produce circulating autoantibody(ies) against ooplasma of oocytes (AOA) in growing follicles, but not against oocytes in primordial follicles. Appearance of AOA was closely correlated with the development of oophoritis which ws characterized by a rapid and complete loss of oocytes at early adulthood. In B6A and C31 mice, oophoritis occurred and AOA appeared in sera after Tx at day 3(Tx -- 3) but not after Tx at days 0 or 7. Also, in athymic B6A and C31 nude mice neither oophoritis or AOA were detectable. Complete absorption of AOA with homogenates of isogeneic normal adult ovaries, but not with homogenates of X-ray-irradiated anovular ovaries or granulosa cell tumour may indicate the specificity of AOA. AOA was first demonstrated at day 30 40 in sera of Tx mice, whose ovaries showed a marked enhancement of follicular degeneration and the death of numerous occytes with or without lymphocyte infiltration. High titres of AOA, detectable in sera of more than 2,000-fold dilutions, were assayed by the IFL technique at day 50-90; however, AOA gradually diminished in titre with age and disappeared at day 150-360 when no oocytes remained in the atrophic ovary. Mice thymectomized at day 3 occasionally produced autoantibodies against zona pellucida and with lesser frequency against steroid producing cells of the ovary. These data indicate that in the mouse Tx at the critical age shortly after birth produces autoimmune oophoritis, subsequently resulting in early sterility. PMID- 6998622 TI - Current status of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in man. PMID- 6998623 TI - Placental trophic hormones. PMID- 6998626 TI - Somatomedins and the fetus. PMID- 6998625 TI - Hypothalamic and pituitary development in the fetus. PMID- 6998624 TI - Changing role of placental lactogen and prolactin in human gestation. PMID- 6998627 TI - Fetal thyroid. PMID- 6998628 TI - Fetal parathyroid gland and calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6998629 TI - Fetal adrenal cortex. AB - The fetal adrenal cortex is the central steroid modulator in the fetal placental complex. Its anatomic structure and physiology clearly identify it as a uniquely fetal organ that undergoes atrophy to a fraction of its intrauterine size after birth and assumes markedly different steroidogenic functions on the assumption of extrauterine life. Its importance as a regulator of maturation and parturition in normal gestation is just being understood. The fetal adrenal cortex no doubt plays major roles in the pathogenesis of some of the most important clinical problems currently faced in contemporary obstetrics. Continued research that provides a more complete understanding of this organ will serve as the major base for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic advancements of the future. PMID- 6998630 TI - Fetal adrenal medulla. AB - The development of the fetal adrenal medulla can be considered an integral part of the complex process of maturation and preparation of the fetus for extrauterine life. Our understanding of the fetal sympathoadrenal function is facilitated by the relative separation that exists between the maternal and fetal catecholamine secretion and metabolism. There is accumulating evidence that the catecholamines fulfill a vital role at the time of delivery by controlling nonshivering thermogenesis and cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. They also may play a role in the carbohydrate metabolism by triggering the neonatal glucagon surge, known to be important to the augmentation of hepatic glucose output in the newborn. Though the role of epinephrine in the adaptation of the human neonatal lung to extrauterine life remains to be defined, it may be extrapolated from experimental data that the secretion of surfactant from type II alveolar cells is dependent on epinephrine. Additional studies are needed to broaden our understanding of the process of adrenal medullary maturation and responses in the fetus. Further studies will have to e done to define all the roles the catecholamines play in fetal life. The refinement of methodology in recent years will facilitate this task. It is our belief that in the near future catecholamine determinations will be utilized to quantify and evaluate fetal stress in conjunction with biophysical assessments. PMID- 6998631 TI - Fetal endocrine pancreas. AB - The developing fetal endocrine pancrease produces both insulin and glucagon from an early stage in human development. These hormones do not cross the placenta and must be metabolized within the fetal-placental unit. Altered substrate metabolism in the gestational diabetic of the insulin dependent diabetic patient can pertubate normal fetal hormone homeostasis. Maternal hyperglycemia produces fetal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and macrosomia while meticulous regulation of maternal glycemia abolishes the fetal macrosomia. Conversely, low levels of insulin or absence of fetal insulin results in fetal growth failure after 30 weeks' gestation. These examples, plus studies of the end-organ defects (receptors) in insulin metabolism, indicate that insulin is the major anabolic hormone of late fetal life. Glucagon appears to play less of a role in fetal life but has a homeostatic function in gluconeogenesis in the newborn. No specific growth-promoting role has been demonstrated for glucagon. PMID- 6998632 TI - Etiology, prevention, and inhibition of endometriosis. PMID- 6998633 TI - Nonunion and delayed union of fractures of the pelvis. AB - A review of 42 patients with delayed union and nonunion of fractures of the pelvis demonstrates that this rarely reported entity does exist. Nonunion occurred primarily in young patients (average age 35 years) and caused severe disabling symptoms. Bone graft surgery combined with external skeletal fixation of the pelvis produced union in 15 patients, each of whom was able to return to the work force. In the nonoperative group, only ten of 24 achieved bony union while 14 of those had only fibrous union. Pain in association with a limp were the predominant symptoms. Tangential radiographs of the pelvis, stress X-rays and tomograms proved the diagnosis. The average time to diagnosis in this series was 38 weeks. Earlier diagnosis and treatment are possible and would greatly reduce the morbidity of patients with extensively injured pelves. PMID- 6998634 TI - Knee fusion with external skeletal fixation after an infected hinge prosthesis: a case report. AB - Deep sepsis is a serious postoperative complication of total knee hinge arthroplasty. Measures to eradicate the infection are time-consuming, expensive and often a threat to the limb and occasionally the life of the patient. At best, a successful result is a short leg with an arthrodesed knee. More often the patient is left with a painful fibrous ankylosis, or an above-knee amputation. The Hoffman external skeletal fixation device provides rigid fixation and allows early ambulation. Its use in combination with debridement and bone grafting can result in a successful arthrodesis with a minimum amount of shortening. PMID- 6998635 TI - Joseph Francois Malgaigne and Malgaigne's fracture. PMID- 6998636 TI - The classic. Double vertical fractures of the pelvis: J. F. Malgaigne. PMID- 6998637 TI - Portal vein flow pattern in portal hypertension. AB - The portal vein flow pattern in different degrees of portal hypertension is discussed based on the findings at arterial and transhepatic portography. Injection studies on normal and cirrhotic cadaver liver have been used to explain the microcirculation of the liver when hepatic vein catheterisation and wedged pressure recordings are performed. PMID- 6998638 TI - Obituary. PMID- 6998639 TI - [Controlled clinical evaluation of cicloxilic acid in hepatopathies caused by psychopharmacological agents]. PMID- 6998640 TI - [Multicentric study of the use of thiopropamine in therapy of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6998641 TI - [Sodium diclofenac in the therapy of idiopathic chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6998642 TI - [Controlled and double-blind study of the treatment of peptic ulcer with cimetidine and proglumide]. PMID- 6998643 TI - [Pharmaco-metabolic activity in chronic hepatopathies: influence of treatment with UDPG]. PMID- 6998644 TI - [Guanfacine: controlled clinical study in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6998645 TI - Toxicology of selenium: a review. AB - The concentration of selenium in soil, water, or minerals is site specific. World or regional averages are of little practical value. In one report from the front range area of Colorado, average selenium concentrations in bodies of standing water were from 0.3 to 15.8 micrograms Se per liter of water. In some aquatic organisms there is a strong correlation between the Se content of the water ant that of the body tissues; in others no such correlation obtains. Some organisms bioaccumulate Se by factors as high as 1300 to 3800. In most fish the amount of Se in the flesh seems to depend on the amount in the food taken in; there are exceptions, however. Aquatic organisms from seleniferous regions bioconcentrate selenium so as to reach total body levels of 60 micrograms Se per gram or up to 100 micrograms Se per gram of liver. There seems to be no evidence for "biomagnification" of selenium by aquatic organisms. Selenium exerts a strong protective action against the poisoning effects of many heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, for example) and of some organic toxicants (paraquat, for example) in birds, mammals, and man. Data on man are sketchy. Selenium is released into the environment from the burning of coal. No identifiable hazard to man or to plants and animals useful to man can, at this time, be attributed to this source. Selenium is poisonous to man and animal in large amounts. It is a necessary micronutrient for many animals in small amounts; it may also be a needed micronutrient for man, but the data are sparse. The usual American diet contains adequate selenium for human health. Occupational selenium poisoning is mostly accidental and rare. PMID- 6998646 TI - Psychotropic drugs--neurotoxicity. PMID- 6998647 TI - Detection and interference of some central nervous system stimulants in urine drug-screening procedures. PMID- 6998648 TI - Neurological side effects of lithium: organic brain syndrome, seizures, extrapyramidal side effects, and EEG changes. PMID- 6998649 TI - On psychopathology of exile. An essay. AB - A historical sketch of the problems of exile has been presented. A few case histories of immigrants have been reviewed. Hypotheses have been offered how to understand difficulties of exiles starting with nostalgia and extracting 'objective' problems; new language environment, social decline with a complicated path of habilitation in the new place, and the importance of time, both in terms of settling and achieving, as well as the time as an irretrievable loss, and finally xenophobia. However, the more severe the psychiatric disorder, the less important is the fact of the exodus in the etiology of it. The obstacles to psychiatric treatment have been mentioned. PMID- 6998650 TI - [Ernst L. Kirchner - psychoanalytic perspectives of the psychoeconomy of his creative achievements]. AB - Looking back on Ernst L., Kirchner's life and work, the close interdependence of both becomes apparent. The artist and his art form a community of fate. In the light of psychoanalytical narcissistic research this interdependence presents itself as a symbiotic relationship of 'real' and 'ideal ego' (= art), the purpose of which it is to regulate the self-esteem of the narcissistically disturbed. Kirchner's example demonstrates well the creative and therapeutic forces set freeby this kind of regulation. It also shows, however, the instability of this state and the risk of the 'narcissistic catastrophe' to which an unfavourable course may lead. PMID- 6998652 TI - The role of lectins in blood group serology. AB - Many lectins display blood group activity, and extracts from Dolichos biflorus (anti-A1), Ulex europaeus (anti-H), and Vicia graminea (anti-N) seeds provide an alternative to human sera as a source of blood-typing reagents. However, the major application of lectins in blood group serology undoubtedly lies in the recognition and elucidation of red celll polyagglutination. In this respect, lectins from Arachis hypogaea (anti-T/Tk), Salvia sclarea (anti-Tn). Salvia horminum (anti-Tn + Cad). Dolichos biflorus (anti-Tn/Cad) Glycine max, and the N acetyl-D-glucosminyl-binding lectin, BS II (anti-Tk) from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds, provide an invaluable source of reagents for use in investigative immunohemotology. Because of their specific carbohydrate-binding properties, lectins have also been used as probes in studies on the topography of the red cell surface. This latter appliction has provided much information on the structure of the MN, T, and Tn red cell surface receptors and has aided in defining the red cell membrane abnormalities associated with certain uncommon phenotypes within the MN blood group system. PMID- 6998653 TI - Aminoaciduria--its relationship to vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. AB - Early reports of patients with metabolic bone diseases such as nutritional osteomalacia, Fanconi syndrome, indicated an association with aminoaciduria. This association has since been described in osteomalacia of G. I. or hepatic origin, secondary to anticonvulsant therapy, tumors, and chronic renal failure. Aminoaciduria also occurs in primary hyperparathyroidism. In nutritional osteomalacia, vitamin D deficiency was thought to be responsible for the renal tubular abnormality, since it responded to treatment with vitamin D. However, since the description of aminoaciduria in hyperparathyroidism, the literature has been divided concerning the etiology of aminoacidura in conditions associated with abnormal vitamin D metabolism because secondary hyperparathyroidism often occurs in these conditions. Recently, some cases of Fanconi syndrome and a case of tumor-associated osteomalacia have been described with low or absent plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels, normal serum PTH, and aminoaciduria. In one of these cases, and more recently in patients with chronic renal failure, it has been demonstrated that treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 can improve amino acid transport independently from changes in serum PTH levels. 1,25(OH)2D3 therefore normally opposes the aminoaciduric effect of PTH. This is an agreement with observations which demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 also opposes the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6998654 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease. AB - DBH is a copper-containing oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the beta carbon of a wide variety of phenylethylamine derivatives using molecular oxygen ascorbate as cofactors. It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 290,000 and consists of four identical subunits, each with a single copper atom and 5% carbohydrate by weight. The enzyme is a constituent of catecholamine storage vesicles in chromaffin cell and adrenergic neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system where it functions to synthesize noradrenaline from dopamine. Although endogenous inhibitors have been isolated, they have not been demonstrated to have a physiological function, and the kinetics of the enzyme in vitro and in vivo suggest that the enzyme is not a rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis under normal conditions. DBH exists in both a soluble form within vesicles and as a constituent of their membranes with its active site directed inward. The significance of the partition of the enzyme into soluble and membrane forms is not understood, although the soluble form has a fivefold greater homospecific activity. DBH has been one of the most intensively investigated enzymes in neurochemistry for several reasons. It is a readily assayable constitutent of catecholamine storage vesicles and, as such, provides a convenient biochemical marker for subcellular fractionation work and studies of the cellular regulation of catecholamine synthesis, storage, and release. The adrenal medulla is a rich source of the enzyme for purification, and the purified enzyme is highly antigenic, thereby enabling the use of several immunological techniques to study the cellular dynamics of the enzyme and the organelles in which it is located. These include radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and cytochemistry. This review firstly summarizes the present state of knowledge concerning the molecular properties of DBH. It then describes the tissue, cellular, and subcellular localization of the enzyme and its physiological regulation. The remainder of the review concentrates on those aspects of research on DBH in which the authors have participated that have led to general advances such as the development of the concept of homospecific activity, the introduction of immunohistochemistry for the localization of enzymes involved in transmitter metabolism, the release of macromolecules from synaptic vesicles during the process of exocytosis, the use of antibodies to DBH administered in vivo to study the fate of synaptic vesicle membranes and to produce specific immunological lesions of noradrenergic nerves in the peripheral and central nervous system, the genetic, environmental, and physiological determinants of serum DBH activity as an index of sympathetic function in animals and man, and the question of its diagnostic value in disease. PMID- 6998651 TI - The biological effects of two antagonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. PMID- 6998655 TI - Burn wound management. PMID- 6998656 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion; gik infusion--sodi-pallares infusion- polarizing solution. PMID- 6998657 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by face mask. AB - The authors studied the use of CPAP by face mask in 44 patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory insufficiency (mean PaO2/FIO2 = 171 +/- 42 (SD). All patients improved their oxygenation (mean PaO2/FIO2 = 300 +/- 68 (SD) after the application of CPAP (mean 9 +/- 3 (SD) cm H2O). One patient developed a respiratory acidemia and was intubated. No other significant complications or adverse side effects occurred. The authors conclude that CPAP by face mask in a select group of patients will improve lung function and arterial oxygenation without the use of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6998658 TI - The use of continuous positive airway pressure in blast injury of the chest. AB - A 15-year-old boy suffered blast injury of the lungs and developed acute respiratory distress with severe hypoxemia. The patient required mechanical ventilation with high-level PEEP, in the early postblast injury period. In order to reduce the risk of air embolization and barotrauma, we reverted to spontaneous breathing using intermittent mechanical ventilation (IMV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as early as possible. The patient recovered after successful treatment. Treatment with IMV and CPAP is discussed and recommended in such cases. PMID- 6998659 TI - Determination of vitamin E in foods--a review. AB - The vitamin E group includes tocopherols and tocotrienols and their isomers, esters, and derivatives. They differ not only in biopotencies as antisterility agents but also in activities in other physiological and chemical relationships. Unlike vitamins A and D, foods (vegetable oils) are among the richest sources of vitamin E, and assay methods for vitamin E include food applications more often than for the former vitamins. Physicochemical methods are replacing bioassays for vitamin E and tocopherol wherever possible because of greater specificity and less variability, time, and, sometimes, expense. Unless careful purifications and isolations are carried out and some of the relative vitamin E activities of components are calculated, bioassays are still required for total vitamin E activity. The vitamin E group is separated by column, paper, thin-layer, gas liquid, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gas-liquid chromatography has been more successfully used for vitamin E than for other fat-soluble vitamins. Recently developed HPLC methods for vitamin E are sensitive and apparently require less cleanup of extracts and less time than former methods; HPLC may prove to be the most useful technique for vitamin E in foods, especially if other fat-soluble vitamins can be determined simultaneously on the same sample extract. PMID- 6998660 TI - Self-assessment questions true or false? PMID- 6998662 TI - Nuclear fusion in the Malpighian tubes of a blood-sucking hemipteran. PMID- 6998661 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6998663 TI - Methods of intermittent positive pressure breathing. AB - Inspiratory capacity (IC) was evaluated in 60 patients during the following four respiratory maneuvers: (1) coached unassisted inspiration; (2) inspiratory positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) at 15 cm H2O with the patient passively inspiring; (3) IPPB at 15 cm H2O with the patient coached to actively inspire; and (4) IPPB at a peak pressure adjusted according to the judgment of the respiratory therapist, with the patient coached to actively inspire. The IC attained with these maneuvers were, respectively, as follows: (1) 1.29 +/- 0.75 L; (2) 1.13 +/- 0.52 L; (3) 1.77 +/- 0.11 L; and (4) 2.27 +/- 0.11 L (mean +/- SE). The peak ventilator pressure for maneuver 4 averaged 30 +/- 7 cm H2O (mean +/- SD), and no patient experienced harmful side effects from these peak pressures. These data indicate that the method of treatment with IPPB has profound effects upon the degree of pulmonary expansion. All research on therapy with IPPB should be carefully controlled for the method of administering IPPB, and the volumes obtained during the treatment should be carefully documented before general conclusions are drawn concerning the effects of IPPB on morbidity. For the present, we suggest that IPPB, when administered clinically, be given as described in method 4. PMID- 6998664 TI - A 1980 perspective of lung transplantation. PMID- 6998665 TI - Postoperative aortic regurgitation from incomplete seating of tilting-disc occluders due to overhanging knots or long sutures. AB - Certain clinical and morphologic features are described in three patients who developed severe aortic regurgitation after aortic valve replacement. The regurgitation, fatal in two of the three patients, resulted from long sutures or their knots or both overhanging the metallic ring of the prosthesis preventing complete seating of the occluder. In one patient, simply cutting the overhanging suture eliminated the aortic regurgitation. The problem of suture overhang appears more likely to occur when aortic valve replacement is carried out in patients with relatively small aortic roots. Before closing the aortotomy after aortic valve replacement, it is advisable to move the occluder back and forth to make sure its movement, and specifically, its ability to seat completely, is not limited by sutures which are too long. PMID- 6998666 TI - Human lung transplantation. AB - The 38th attempt at allotransplantation of a human lung is described in a patient with injury due to smoke inhalation. The innovative features in the procedure included prolonged support with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator during and for four days following transplantation, pharmacologic control of platelet function with sulfinpyrazone, continuous monitoring with a fiberoptic ear oximeter, and pretreatment of the transplanted lung with cytotoxic durgs. The patient survived until the 18th postoperative day, with no evidence of tissue rejection, but he died following ischemic disruption of the bronchial anastomosis. We conclude that the major determinant in the future of human lung transplantation is related to the establishment of a bronchial arterial supply to the transplanted bronchus. PMID- 6998669 TI - [Fixed prosthesis. Impressions]. PMID- 6998667 TI - Respiratory complications of obesity. PMID- 6998670 TI - [Indirect impressions without guidance--with guidance]. PMID- 6998668 TI - Pneumocephalus. A complication of continuous positive airway pressure after trauma. AB - We report an uncommon and potentially dangerous complication of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied during spontaneous respiration. A patient with multiple fractures and recurrernt atelectasis developed pneumocephalus on the seventh day of respiratory therapy with CPAP via a face mask. A fracture of the base of the skull, not recognized despite neurologic and radiologic evaluation at admission, was at the origin of this complication. PMID- 6998671 TI - [Treatment of impressions]. PMID- 6998672 TI - [Fixed prosthesis. Particular problems of multiple prosthesis. Parallelism and its corrections]. PMID- 6998674 TI - [Esthetic results and the future of conjoint prosthesis]. PMID- 6998673 TI - [The intermediaries of the bridge]. PMID- 6998675 TI - [Finishing, sealing and unplaning]. PMID- 6998676 TI - [Results of treatment of traumatic lesions of the fingertips]. PMID- 6998677 TI - [Treatment of extensive traumatic skin defects of the limbs]. PMID- 6998678 TI - Acceleration of hypotension and development of stroke in the spontaneously hypertensive rat by unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - Unilateral uareteral obstruction (UUO) in 6-week old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (6-w-SHR) accelerated the elevation of blood pressure and developed stroke with high frequency from 3 weeks after operation, whereas UUO had no effect in either 20-week old SHR or 6-week old normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Urinary protein excretion and plasma urea and renin concentrations in 6-w SHR began to increase 2 weeks after UUO. Removal of the obstructed kidney in 6-w SHR one week after UUO prevented the acceleration of hypertension, while the same treatment 2 weeks after operation did not. In the ureter-obstructed kidneys of 6 w-SHR, hydronephrotic atrophy was markedly observed already one week after operation, while in the opposite kidneys, hypertensive vascular lesions were manifested from the second week. These results indicate that with regard to reversibility of the hypertensive process, the obstructed kidney is more important in the early postoperative stages and the contralateral kidney more important later. PMID- 6998679 TI - Simultaneous measurement of PRA, PRC and PRR and the relation of renin reaction rate to renin substrate concentration. AB - We have altered the method for measuring plasma renin concentration (P.R.C.) originated by Haas, et al (7) by using radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I and avoiding the addition of extrinsic renin substrate. Thus modified, the method gives values for P.R.A. (plasma renin activity), P.R.C. (plasma renin concentration), and also P.R.R. (plasma renin reactivity), which is the rate of reaction of renin substrate in the plasma with added extrinsic renin. By applying this modified method to a wide variety of plasma samples and independently measuring plasma renin substrate concentration (P.R.S.) in the same samples, we found a good correlation between P.R.R. and P.R.S. Our results indicate that the rate of the renin - renin substrate reaction in human plasma is proportional to renin substrate concentration over a wide range of values up to 5000 ng angiotensin I/ml or higher. Thus, first order reaction kinetics with respect to substrate concentration is followed even at high substrate levels and the Km must be high. An additional finding was that pregnant women have elevated P.R.C. levels in contrast with women taking oral contraceptives who have P.R.C. levels lower than normal. PMID- 6998680 TI - beta-Adrenoreceptor blockage and genetic hypertension development in rats. AB - The effects of propranolol (100 mg/kg), atenolol (200 mg/kg) and acebutolol (1000 mg/kg) administered daily by gavage to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) from their 6th to 20th weeks of age were investigated on genetic hypertension development (GHD) and at regular intervals on heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), peripheral resistence (PR), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW). Treatment with propranolol and especially atenolol markedly inhibited GHD while acebutolol was ineffective. No correlation was found between GHD prevention and (1) the degree of beta adrenergic blockade (2) the reductions in HR and CO and (3) the decrease in PRC induced by the three treatments. Although none of the three drugs prevented the progressive increase in PR which develops in SHRs during their growth, propranolol and atenolol opposed GHD mainly by reducing CO, this effect being however partly counterbalanced for atenolol by a secondary potentiation of PR increase. With acebutolol, a similar reinforcement of PR increase occurred which completely neutralized the reduction in CO, resulting in the drug's ineffectiveness against GHD. These differential effects of the three drugs probably reflect different early induced structural modifications at cardiac and/or vascular levels. PMID- 6998682 TI - Oral contraceptives and responsiveness of plasma renin activity and blood pressure in normotensive women. AB - In young normotensive women (5 without and 5 with chronic oral contraceptives (= o.c.) cardiovascular homeostasis was challenged by isoproterenol and ergometer exercise, at normal and at resitricted sodium intake. Blood pressure and plasma renin activity (= PRA) did not differ between the 2 groups. Plasma renin substrate was markedly elevated in the o.c. group. Sodium restriction induced similar changes in body weight, urinary sodium excretion, systolic blood pressure and PRA; diastolic blood pressure decreased only in the non-o.c. group (by 6 mm Hg). In both groups isoproterenol and exercise induced similar changes in heart rate and blood pressure, except that after sodium restriction both stimuli caused larger decreases in diastolic blood pressure in the o.c. group. At both levels of sodium intake, PRA increased slightly less during exercise in the o.c. group; following restriction PRA response to isoproterenol was significantly less in the o.c. group. These results indicate that following chronic use of o.c. PRA responsiveness is normal or somewhat blunted. The different responses of diastolic blood pressure to sodium restriction and subsequent isoproterenol or exercise point to subtle changes in the inter-action of aodium and pressor mechanisms during chronic o.c. use. PMID- 6998683 TI - Variation of plasma and kidney renin activities among substrains of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Plasma and kidney renin activity (PRA, KRA) were determined in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, the stroke-resistant and -prone substrains (SHRSR, SHRSP) from 5 to 30 weeks of age. Results were compared with those of two normotensive strains, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Donryu (DON) rats. PRA in the SHRSP at 20 and 30 weeks of age were significantly increased when compared to other strains of rats (P < 0.01). In SHRSP rats at these ages, blood pressure exceeded the critical level of 220 mmHg and cerebral lesions were observed in 41% at autopsy. There were no significant differences in PRA among other hypertensive and normotensive strains. KRA in three substrains of the SHR were normal or subnormal as compared to WKY and DON rats. These results indicate that a direct role of the renin-angiotensin system in the SHR and its substrains can be excluded in the initiation and the maintenance of hypertension. However, the activated renin-angiotensin system in SHRSP rats in the course of malignant hypertension at 20 weeks of age and later, could participate in raising blood pressure above the levels of the SHR and SHRSR. Considering out data and others, there are many similarities in renin profile between the SHR and its two substrains, and human essential hypertension in which PRA can be classified as low, normal or high. PMID- 6998681 TI - Reduced responses of renin release to three different stimuli in essential hypertensive patients of stage II (WHO stage classification). AB - The responses of renin release to three different stimuli, such as 1) head-up tilt, 2) administration of loop diuretics(bumetanide) and 3) low sodium diet + administration of bumetanide + ambulation were examined in essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. Essential hypertensive patients were classified as stage I and II according to WHO stage classification. Groups studied were age-matched. The responses of renin release to three stimuli did not significantly differ in normotensive subjects (n = 13, 42 +/- 2(SEM) years old) and essential hypertensive patients of stage I (n = 15, 44 +/- 2). However, essential hypertensive patients of stage II (n = 20, 44 +/- 1) showed significantly lower responses of renin release to all three stimuli than essential hypertensive patients of stage I and normotensive subjects. The results suggest that the suppression of renin release is related in part to the development of hypertension. PMID- 6998685 TI - Morphological and cytoenzymatic characteristics of peripheral zone of lytic plaques induced by mycobacterial phages. AB - Morphology and cytoenzymatic characteristics were studied using potassium tellurite, of peripheral zones of lytic plaques in fast growing mycobacteria (ATCC 607, Redmond No 521, Penso S1P) exposed to various mycobacterial phages and slowly growing M. bovis BCG, H37RV 50 gamma INH resistant strains. The latter revealed on borders of lytic plaques a bright tellurite-negative zone of variable width, macroscopically undemonstrable in culture free from potassium tellurite. Microscopically only single mycobacteria of various shapes, whereas in the tellurite-positive zone typical arrangement of BCG rods in compact, strong acid fast cords present also in the so-called grey zone contacting the tellurite negative zone, were found. The said tellurite zonal phenomen is explained by abortive infection with phages under study, which results in killing the mycobacterial cells without phage multiplication. The microscopical examination of surface pellicles by thin section showed the phage abortive infection to form a much broader zone than demonstrable in macroscopical examination, since under the black pellicle containing reduced metallic tellurite another tellurite negative layer is hidden. The quickly growing mycobacteria in the peripheral zones of lytic plaques were either fully tellurite-positive or showed on the inside of the plaque a very narrow, hardly visible tellurite-negative border, microscopically similar to M. bovis BCG and H37RV. The possible utilization of tellurite cytoenzymatic reaction in differential diagnostics both of mycobacteria and mycobacterial phages is discussed. PMID- 6998684 TI - Comparison of the acute and chronic hemodynamic effects of captopril and guanethidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The present study compared the hemodynamic effects of captopril with those of guanethidine as well as with a combination of these two drugs in conscious male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acutely, captopril or guanethidine or a combination of the two lowered arterial pressure to similar levels. The reduction in pressure with captopril alone or in combination with guanethidine, was due to a lowering of all organ vascular resistances. Guanethidine alone lowered pressure by reducing cardiac output. Chronically, captopril or guanethidine lowered arterial pressure to similar levels by reducing organ vascular resistances to comparable levels, particularly skeletal muscle, skin and splanchnic organs. Combination of these two drugs had an additive effect on the reduction of arterial pressure and organ vascular resistances. Since, chronically, the addition of guanethidine to captopril therapy enhanced rather than attenuated the hemodynamic changes induced by captopril, these drugs are probably acting by different mechanisms and the mechanisms of action of captopril does not require an intact sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6998686 TI - Reaction of mouse lung tissue on the experimental airborne Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. AB - There are described the histological changes in the lung tissue of mice after airborne infection with the strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae CNCTC Klp 80/66 and CNCTC 82/67 whose clearance is significantly different. Using the strain Klp 82/67, which is fairly prompt eliminated from lungs, no morphological changes in the mucous membrane of bronchi were found. Using the strain Klp 80/66, which is characterised by a multiplication of organisms in the lungs already in the initial phase of infection without any remarkable adaptative phase, the accumulation of neutrophils in the walls and on the surface of bronchi was observed. The accumulation retarded during 48 hours when mostly the mononuclear cells were present. Uptake of 3H-thymidine in the lung tissue in vivo demonstrated that the proliferation response of bronchial lymphoid tissue is a relatively early reaction. Histological examination of spontaneously died animals revealed the changes characteristic for the purulent bronchopneumonia. The pathogenic activity of various Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is obviously conditioned by at least two factors, i. e. by surface structures determining the rate of bacterial elimination from the lungs and by the lipoprotein components of the cell walls inducing the leucocytes mobilization into bronchial tissue. PMID- 6998687 TI - Colorectal surgery from antiguity to the modern era. PMID- 6998688 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. George Blumer, M.D.: The rectal shelf. PMID- 6998690 TI - [Pathogenesis of inflammatory cartilage destruction in chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 6998689 TI - Comparison of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 on gastric secretion, gastrin release, and mucosal blood flow in dogs. AB - In dogs with gastric fistulae (GF) and Heidenhain pouches (HP), intravenous graded doses of prostacyclin (PGI2) (dose range: 2.5-20 micrograms/kg/hr), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (dose range: 10-80 micrograms/kg/hr) produced a dose dependent inhibition of acid and pepsin secretion stimulated by pentagastrin (3 micrograms/kg/hr). The ID50 (dose inhibiting acid output by 50% were 6 micrograms/kg/hr for PGI2 and 26 micrograms/kg/hr for PGE2 for the GF, and 7 micrograms/kg/hr for PGI2 and 22 micrograms/kg/hr for PGE2 for the HP. Acid secretion from the GF stimulated by histamine (20 micrograms/kg/hr) was also inhibited by both prostaglandins: the ID50 were 16 micrograms/kg/hr for PGI2 and 22 micrograms/kg/hr for PGE2. For the HP, the ID50 were about 20 and 40 micrograms/kg/hr for PGI2 and PGE2, respectively. Meal-induced acid secretion from the GF reached a level similar to that observed in tests with pentagastrin and was inhibited by both prostaglandins. The ID50 were 5 and 20 micrograms/kg/hr for PGI2 and PGE2, respectively. PGI2 significantly increased serum gastrin above that obtained with meal alone whereas PGE2 did not affect postprandial serum gastrin. The inhibition of pentagastrin and meal-induced acid secretion was accompanied by a marked reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow (MBF) measured by the [14C]aminopyrine method, without significant change in the ratio of gastric blood flow to gastric secretion. The MBF in the resting HP mucosa was significantly increased by PGI2 but reduced by PGE2. This study shows that PGI2 is about 3-4 times more potent than PGE2 in inhibiting pentagastrin and meal induced gastric secretion and MBF; PGI2 unlike PGE2, increases the postprandial serum gastrin and raises the MBF of the resting mucosa. Therefore, both PGI2 and PGE2 are antisecretory, but their effects on gastrin release and resting MBF are qualitatively different. PMID- 6998691 TI - [Urokinase dosage in deep venous thromboses]. PMID- 6998692 TI - [Antibodies against native deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-nDNA) without antinuclear antibodies: clinical significance (author's transl)]. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence and antibodies against native deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-nDNA) by radiommunoassay were measured simultaneously in 6,000 sera from about 5,000 patients. Usual findings about 5,000 patients. Usual findings were: (a) both tests negative (75%), (b) only ANA positive (20%), and (c) both tests positive (3%). The unusual combination of ANA negative/anti-nDNA positive was found in 117 sera from 24 patients. These patients were examined more closely clinically and the mentioned tests repeated. In five with systemic lupus erythematosus, in two with chronic rheumatoid arthritis and one with chronic urticaria this finding occurred repeatedly over some time. In five additional patients (two with chronic hepatitis, one each with drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, and drug related haemolytic anaemia) this unusual finding occurred only once but with high levels of anti-nDNA. In 11 patients with various diseases the combination of ANA negative/anti-nDNA positive occurred only once, with the anti-nDNA value being low. In a control group of patients with mononucleosis, cytomegalic disease, acute or chronic hepatitis or hepatoma, anti-nDNA results were never positive. PMID- 6998693 TI - Vidarabine: a preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. AB - Vidarabine is the first drug to become generally available in the USA for parenteral treatment of life-threatening or debilitating herpes simplex virus infections of man. For the past decade laboratory and clinical studies have been in progress to assess the pharmacology of the compound, its mechanism of action and its potential usefulness in clinical investigations. Currently, clinical usefulness has been established for herpes simplex infections of the eye and brain. Further studies in progress are evaluating the drug's ability to prevent progressive disease from herpes zoster in the immunocompromised patient, reduce mortality and morbidity from neonatal herpes simplex virus infection and improve outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection. PMID- 6998694 TI - Age-dependent differences in cognin regeneration on embryonic retina cells: immunolabeling and SEM studies. AB - The retina cognin (a glycoprotein isolated from the surface membrane of neural retina cells of chick embryos and postulated to mediate self-recognition and histogenetic association of retina cells) has been visualized by SEM on the surface of embryonic retina cells in vitro following immunolabeling of the cells with antibodies to the purified cognin and with polystyrene latex microbeads. Trypsin dissociation of retina tissue into separated cells resulted in cognin depletion from the cell surface; following incubation at 37 degrees C the cells regenerated the cognin. Regeneration was fastest and most abundant on cells from the youngest retinas examined; it declined markedly with the embryonic age of the cells, suggesting an age-dependent decrease in cell capacity for cognin formation. Evidence is discussed that the rate and amount of cognin regeneration on the cell surface are temporally-causally correlated with the capacity of the cells to reaggregate into retinotypic tissue. The results support the suggested role of the cognin in the mechanism of self-affinity and morphogenetic association of embryonic neural retinal cells. PMID- 6998695 TI - Supplemental stimulation of preterm neonates. AB - Studies on supplemental stimulation of preterm infants treated in intensive care nurseries suggest some benefits for the stimulated infants. The types, degree and duration of benefit, however, vary across studies. The following is a review of these studies, with a discussion of methodological considerations which may explain variability of findings and which may be modified in future investigations. PMID- 6998696 TI - [Evaluation parameters of the glucose-infusion-test (GIT) from the biocybernetic point of view (author's transl)]. AB - It was attempted to evaluate the usual parameters of the glucose-infusion-test (GIT) from the biocybernetic point of view by considering the blood sugar and insulin-behaviour as a dynamic characteristic according to suddenly elevated glucose level. The insulin response is characterized by biphasic behaviour and could demonstrate a combined proportional, integratuel and differential regulation type (PID-regulation). The usual parameters of the glucose-infusion test for the blood sugar and insulin behaviour contain essential biocybernetically important informations, certain restrictions and additional suggestions are given. PMID- 6998697 TI - [Immune reactivity and allergy]. PMID- 6998698 TI - [Biotension of the corneal tissue preserved in a nutrient medium for tissue cultures at 4 degrees C]. AB - The biotension generated by cells and tissues is connected quite well with the intensity of the metabolic processes in them and in seems that it is affected considerably by a series of external factors-temperature, salt content ect. For the purposes of transplantation in the present investigation the authors examined the effect of the nutritive medium for tissue cultures T-199 on the investigated biotension of the corneal tissue during the period of its preservation. They carried out studies on 335 corneas and the results were estimated statistically. The mean rate of a change on the biotension for the single series of investigation was determined. He found that the measured biotension was affected bu the time and conditions of preservation of the corneal tissue, when he compared the dispersion in the values of the tension after the preservation of the tissue in two media moist chamber and nutritive medium for tissue cultures). The nutritive medium used probably influenced positively the rate of the adaptation processes in the tissues after its separation from the ocular buebus, delayed the processes of deterioration and to a large extent stabilized the measured biotension. PMID- 6998699 TI - Altered ribonucleotide reductase activity in drug-resistant mammalian cells detected by an assay procedure for intact cells. AB - Hydroxyurea, an antitumor drug which specifically inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, has been used as a selective agent to obtain single-step and double step drug-resistant cell lines altered in reductase activity. Using an assay procedure developed for analyzing enzyme activity in intact cells a variety of novel changes in the properties of the enzyme activity was detected in the drug resistant lines. Differences in cellular levels of enzyme activity, changes involving pyrimidine and purine substrate Km values, and altered enzyme sensitivity to hydroxyurea were found using the in vivo assay procedure. These changes could account for the drug-resistant phenotypes. The assay technique which is described in this report is easy to perform, can accurately determine enzyme activity in as few as 5 X 10(6) cells grown conveniently on the surface of a single tissue culture plate, and is a valuable quick screening method for identifying cells altered in different aspects of ribonucleotide reductase activity. PMID- 6998700 TI - Genetic studies on alcohol-metabolizing enzymes: detection of isozymes in human hair roots. AB - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) play an important role in alcohol metabolism. It has been shown that both enzymes are polymorphic and that different variants may be responsible for individual and racial differences in biological sensitivity to ethanol. However, for lack of a suitable peripheral enzyme source, no information is available regarding family data and the mode of inheritance of ADH and ALDH. Using sensitive micro-methods, we report here the detection of these enzymes and their variant forms in human hair root cells. The isozyme pattern of both enzymes obtained by isoelectric focusing from human liver, cultured fibroblast and hair root cell extracts are presented. Several German, Japanese and Vietnamese families were investigated. ALDH was found polymorphic only in Mongoloid populations. Phenotype distribution in a random Japanese population and families suggest a direct relationship between the absence of ALDH I isozyme and alcohol-induced biological sensitivity commonly observed in individuals of Mongoloid origin. PMID- 6998701 TI - The place of Michael Polanyi in the modern philosophy of science. PMID- 6998702 TI - Michael Polanyi, science and belief. PMID- 6998703 TI - Fasting blood values of glucose, insulin, glucagon, gastrin following highly selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Changes in fasting blood levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin were determined in duodenal ulcer patients (n equal to 59) before and up to 1 year after highly selective vagotomy (HSV). There was an increase in glucose values after HSV by approximately 6 mg/dl. The rise in gastrin levels was variable depending on the maximal preoperative acid secretion during pentagastrin stimulation. Insulin values remained unchanged after HSV while there was a significant drop of glucagon levels after 1 year. There is no relationship between the extent of post-HSV gastrinemia and glucose or between the latter and glucagon. It can be assumed that HSV causes additional metabolic changes besides reducing acid production. PMID- 6998704 TI - Long-term endocrine function of duct-ligated pancreas isotransplants in rats. AB - Duct-ligated pancreas transplants were used to study the long-term B cell function after total acinar atrophy. Vascularized whole-organ pancreas transplantation was performed in 47 streptozotocin-diabetic inbred Wistar rats. Of 31 recipients which survived the first week, 30 were permanently cured of the diabetic state with restoration of normal blood glucose levels within 24 h. Metabolic and morphologic studies were performed for up to 16 months after transplantation, i.e. for most of the normal life span of the rats. The recipients of duct-ligated, heterotopic transplants demonstrated plasma insulin (IRI) values slightly above normal. Median blood glucose values were significantly lower than in the normal controls. Basal and stimulated IRI as well as glucose tolerance tests failed to reveal any reduction in the endocrine capacity of the transplants as compared to nondiabetic control. Light-microscopic examinations of grafts showed total acinar atrophy after the first weeks of duct occlusion. No apparent reduction of islet tissue was noted. The results demonstrate that total occlusion of the exocrine ductal system does not impair B cell function of the rat pancreas. The duct-ligated pancreatic transplant permanently reverses induced diabetes when pancreatitis and immunologic reactions are avoided. PMID- 6998705 TI - Effect of administering a high dosage glucocorticoid bolus on the survival and subcapsular hydrostatic pressure of rat kidney allografts.. AB - In order to measure the subcapsular pressure in normal and allotransplanted rat kidneys, a microcatheter was inserted into the subcapsular space and the hydrostatic pressure (SHP) continuously recorded with a transducer. The SHP was found to increase significantly up to the 5th day after transplantation. A single bolus injection of prednisolone on the day of transplantation or on the 4th post operative day resulted in considerably lower SHPs being recorded. In contrast, graft survival was prolonged only when prednisolone was given on day 0 but not on day 4. Thus, it was concluded that the mode of action of prednisolone differs according to its time of administration. PMID- 6998706 TI - Kidney storage at subzero temperatures using a hyperosmolar perfusate. AB - 32 dog kidneys were stored in a hyperosmolar perfusate (770 mosm/kg) at minus2 and plus4 degrees C, respectively, for 12-48 h and thereafter autotransplanted. 18 kidneys of the control group were stored in Collins solution at plus4 degrees C. The immediate function of the kidneys after transplantation was measured by p aminohippuric acid and inulin clearances. Successful 24-hour preservation was possible by use of the hyperosmolar perfusate. Kidneys stored in the hyperosmolar perfusate at minus2 degrees C were better preserved than kidneys stored in Collins solution at plus4 degrees C. The addition of human albumin to the hyperosmolar perfusate did not improve the preservation results. PMID- 6998707 TI - 3. Early pluses and minuses to progress 1924--1934. PMID- 6998708 TI - Time course of blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma renin and metoprolol during treatment of hypertensive patients. AB - Eleven patients were treated for essential hypertension with metoprolol (Seloken) for more than three months. The time course of changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma renin activity was studied during treatment with an oral maintenance dose of 100 mg twice daily. Significant decreases in pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure and plasma renin activity were observed even after the first dose. The plasma concentration of metoprolol reached equilibrium after the second dose. After the third dose there was no further significant change in blood pressure. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the initial (after three doses) and final (after > 90 days) effect of metoprolol on blood pressure (r = 0.86 and 0.91 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure change, respectively). PMID- 6998709 TI - The effects of clofibrate on plasma glucose, lipoproteins, fibrinogen, and other biochemical and haematological variables in patients with mature onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6998710 TI - Prostacyclin mediates the potentiated hypotensive effect of bradykinin following captopril treatment. AB - The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by captopril on the release of a prostacyclin-like substance by bradykinin, angiotensin I and angiotensin II was studied by means of the blood-bathed bioassay technique of Vane. Administration of captopril abolished the release of prostacyclin-like substance induced by angiotensin I, potentiated the release provoked by bradykinin and did not alter that due to angiotensin II. Potentiation of the bradykinin-induced renal vasodilatation with captopril could be completely reversed by indomethacin, which also abolished the kinin-induced release of prostacyclin-like substance. Potentiation of the bradykinin-induced hypotension was markedly attenuated but not completely reversed by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. It is suggested that following converting inhibition increased production of prostacyclin by elevated kinin levels may contribute to the antihypertensive action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 6998712 TI - Inhibition of thiamine transport in baker's yeast by methylene blue. AB - Methylene blue was found to inhibit thiamine transport competitively (Ki = 0.63 microM) in baker's yeast. The dye was also effective in abolishing the growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by pyrithiamine which is known to be taken up by a common transport system for thiamine in yeast cells. A possible mechanism for the inhibition by methylene blue of the thiamine transport system in baker's yeast is discussed. PMID- 6998711 TI - Inactivation of yeast glucose-6-P dehydrogenase by aspirin. AB - Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase is irreversibly inactivated by treatment with Na salts of aspirin. Kinetic data show that 1 molecule of aspirin reacts with each active unit when the enzyme is inactivated. The rate of inactivation is enhanced with increasing pH but is reduced in the presence of glucose-6-P or NADP+. Na salicylate fails to inactivate the enzyme. PMID- 6998713 TI - Digestive enzymes of some earthworms. AB - 4 species of tropical earthworms differed with regard to enzyme activity. The maximum activity of protease and of cellulase occurred in the posterior region of the gut of the earthworms. On the average Octochaetona surensis shows maximum activity and Drawida calebi shows minimum activity for all the enzymes studied. PMID- 6998714 TI - Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, glucose and insulin on efferent activity in gastric vagus nerve. AB - Intracarotid injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and insulin increased the efferent activity in the gastric vagus nerve of anesthetized rats, while glucose injection transiently decreased vagus activity. PMID- 6998716 TI - Antibiotic bioassay by flow microcalorimetry. AB - A rapid, sensitive microcalorimetric bioassay of good reproducibility has been developed for the antibiotics penicillin-G, carbenicillin, ampicillin and cefoxitin. The use of growing organisms as responding agents allows discussion of the results for systems which may involve biological fluids. PMID- 6998715 TI - Distribution of cytoskeletal elements in cultured skin fibroblasts of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - Cultured fibroblasts from patients suffering from Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy were examined by indirect immunofluorescent techniques using antibodies against actin, myosin, tubulin, and intermediate-sized filaments. The cells display normal patterns of microfilamentous bundles (stress fibres), microtubules, and intermediate-sized filaments suggesting a normal organization of these cytoskeletal structures. PMID- 6998717 TI - Binding of antimalarial drugs to hemozoin from Plasmodium berghei. AB - Chloroquine, quinacrine and mefloquine bind to Plasmodium berghei hemozoin, hemin, hemi, protoporphyrin IX and protease digested methemoglobin. This binding may be the basis for drug accumulation and action in the parasite. PMID- 6998718 TI - Effects of a mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor on adipocyte ultrastructure and metamorphosis in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). AB - A potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in rodents [BMVA; 5-(4-biphenylyl) 3-methylvaleric acid] inhibits metamorphosis of 4th stage larvae of the blood sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 6998720 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) occurs in nerves of the pineal gland. AB - Nerves staining with antibodies against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were detected in the pineal gland of the rabbit, cat and pig. VIP nerves were numerous in the cat but few in the rabbit and pig. A particularly rich VIP nerve supply was noted in the pineal stalk of the cat. The nerves were predominantly located around small blood vessels. Occasionally, nerve fibres were seen in the glandular parenchyma without obvious relation to blood vessels. PMID- 6998719 TI - Inhibitors of the acrosomal proteinase acrosin: human urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) and 4-(2-carboxyethyl) phenyl trans 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (DV-1006). AB - Human urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) and (4-(2-carboxyethyl) phenyl trans 4 aminoethylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (DV-1006) competitively inhibited the human acrosomal proteinase acrosin; Ki values were 1.2 x 10-8 M and 9.4 x 10 7, respectively. PMID- 6998722 TI - Lymphokine-mediated fusion and migration inhibition of alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6998721 TI - The origin of hemopoietic cells in ectopic implants of spleen and marrow. AB - Spleen and marrow tissues were cross-transplanted between CBA and CBA/HT6 mice. The majority of karyotypes in the regenerated implants were of recipient origin indicating that these implants are chimeric structures with the stroma of donor origin providing a framework for the proliferation of the recipient's hemopoietic stem cell. PMID- 6998723 TI - A bat rabies isolate with an unusually short incubation period. PMID- 6998724 TI - The relative interactions between small and large biomolecules; antibody variability in the immune response: a review. PMID- 6998725 TI - The role of citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal tissues. PMID- 6998726 TI - Aspects of metabolic regulation. Papers contributed by some of his students and colleagues to mark the 80th birthday of H.A. Krebs, 25th August 1980. PMID- 6998728 TI - Hans Krebs: nineteen nineteen and after. PMID- 6998727 TI - The function of energy-dependent redox reactions in cell metabolism. PMID- 6998729 TI - Regulation of the citric acid cycle in mammalian systems. PMID- 6998730 TI - Integration of metabolism in tissues of the lactating rat. PMID- 6998731 TI - A new mechanism for the hydrolytic editing function of aminoacyl-trna synthetases. Kinetic specificity for the tRNA substrate. PMID- 6998732 TI - The role of the cytidine residues of the tRNA 3'-terminus at the peptidyltransferase A- and P-sites. PMID- 6998733 TI - Peptidyl transferase center of Escherichia coli ribosomes: interrelations between the substrates. PMID- 6998734 TI - Two-dimensional gel analysis after removal of major proteins reveals stage dependent proteins in early insect development. PMID- 6998735 TI - Enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6998736 TI - Science, scientists, and society: the 1980's. PMID- 6998737 TI - Protein and fat metabolism in hibernating bears. AB - Hibernation in the bear (Ursus americanus) is unique in that it is continuous for 3 to 7 months and occurs at near normal body temperature, yet the bear does not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. During hibernation there is no loss of lean body mass because amino acids enter protein synthetic pathways at increased rates producing reciprocal decreases in entry into the urea cycle. The urea that is formed is hydrolyzed and the nitrogen released is combined with glycerol to form amino acids, which reenter protein synthetic pathways. Body fat supplies the substrate for metabolism (400 kilocalories/day). Ketosis does not occur. Metabolic water is sufficient to maintain normal hydration. About 100 ml of urine is filtered daily by the kidneys but the baldder wall transports water and solute back into blood at a rate about equal to their entry into the bladder. The bear cannot duplicate its winter adaptation in summer when housed in the cold and dark. During hibernation the bear shows hypothalamic hypothyroidism and increased testosterone production. These changes appear necessary for developing the selective states of anabolism and catabolism found in the hibernating bear. PMID- 6998738 TI - Protein metabolism and urea recycling in rodent hibernators. AB - A review of the metabolism of hibernators supports the argument that protein utilization is an essential aspect of hibernation. Several lines of evidence in support of this hypothesis are discussed, including (1) the field preferences of some hibernators for a diet rich in protein prior to hibernation, (2) the gluconeogenic maintenance of glycogen stores during hibernation, (3) the maintenance of plasma amino acid levels during hibernation and their elevation during the process of arousal, (4) changes in levels of nonprotein nitrogen with hibernation, (5) the potential for urea recycling by intestinal microflora in active fasted animals, and (6) the lack of correlation between loss of lean body mass and urea recovery during the hibernating season. These data serve to emphasize the contribution of protein metabolism to the overall energetic adjustments required for survival at a lower body temperature. PMID- 6998739 TI - Hormonal correlates of hypophagia in white-tailed deer. AB - Deer exhibit a number of adaptive annual changes in common with hibernators. Each winter deer have a period of voluntary hypophagia and losses of body weight. This is accompanied by a shift to fat metabolism and increased recycling of urea nitrogen to maintain positive nitrogen balance. Deer also show alterations in activity patterns and decreased metabolic rates, heart rates, and body temperatures during winter. Male deer exhibit an additional period of hypophagia associated with rut. Rut-associated hypophagia is either directly controlled by serum testosterone or internally coupled to the annual testosterone cycle. The adaptive value of rut-associated hypophagia is unknown but may be associated with insuring reproductive success. Both winter and rut-associated hypophagia are most likely synchronized to the environment by photoperiod. The winter adaptive changes may be caused by a primary alteration in appetite control with secondary changes in thyroid hormone economy, or the hypophagia may be independent but internally coupled to other neuroendocrine changes. PMID- 6998740 TI - Water metabolism and renal function during hibernation and hypothermia. AB - Total water turnover in normothermic, cold-exposed 13-lined ground squirrels was about half that predicted from allometric relationships of water loss and body weight. During hibernation pulmocutaneous water loss and oxygen consumption were 1/77th and 1/52nd of values during normothermia, respectively, in this species. Renal function during deep torpor with body temperatures of 8 C or lower has also been assessed in ground squirrels and hamsters. The weight of evidence suggests that glomerular filtration and urine formation are absent of undetectable in these animals. We feel that the reduction in arterial blood pressure may be the primary adaptation for eliminating filtration. If filtration (which is not thermally vulnerable, being dependent on hydrostatic pressure) occurred, it is difficult to imagine how reabsorption (which has critical metabolic steps such as ion transport that would be thermally vulnerable) could keep pace. Filtration and hypertonic urine formation occur at body temperatures of 20 to 30 C during the arousal process. Marmots differ from other hibernating rodents in that measurable filtration and hypertonic urine formation occurs during hibernation. PMID- 6998741 TI - The role of membrane fatty acids in mammalian hibernation. AB - During mammalian hibernation, cellular membranes continue to function at temperatures approaching 0 C. The molecular mechanisms that confer this capacity to the membranes are unknown but may be related to the fluidity of the membrane and to the level of unsaturated fatty acids. The basic tenets of membrane fluidity and the contribution of cholesterol, polar head groups, and fatty acids toward maintaining a fluid membrane in a liquid-crystalline state are examined in this review. It is shown that although unsaturated fatty acids can enhance membrane fluidity at low temperatures, there does not appear to be a consistent trend toward increased levels of unsatruated fatty acids during hibernation in all tissues of hibernators. Consequently, there may be some other role for the alterations in the composition of membrane fatty acids found during the hibernating cycle other than increasing membrane fluidity to permit continued activity at reduced temperatures. PMID- 6998742 TI - The benzodiazepine receptor of mammalian brain. AB - There exists a saturable, high-affinity, stereospecific, regionally and pharmacologically specific, neuronally localized benzodiazepine receptor in mammalian brain, which has a development profile similar to other neurotransmitter receptors. This receptor appears to be modulated by gamma aminobutyric acid and selected divalent cations, and chloride ions increase the affinity of the receptor for benzodiazepines. Several benzodiazepines were shown to bind irreversibly to the receptor upon exposure to ultraviolet light and these agents can be used to facilitate solubilization and purification of the benzodiazepine receptor. Although several substances have been suggested to be the endogenous ligand, none has achieved the acceptance given to other neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, e.g., enkephalins and endorphins. PMID- 6998744 TI - [History and current status of legislation on abortion in the countries of the world]. PMID- 6998746 TI - [So-called new infectious diseases]. PMID- 6998743 TI - Purines as endogenous ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor. AB - Endogenous inhibitors of [3H]benzodiazepine binding have been isolated from the mammalian central nervous system and identified as the purines inosine and hypoxanthine. The affinities of these compounds for the benzodiazepine receptor are many orders of magnitude lower than those reported for clinically effective benzodiazepines. However, the enhanced formation of these compounds, which occurs during electrical or chemical depolarization of brain tissue, coupled with the small number of receptors that must be occupied to manifest the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines in vivo are consistent with a purinergic modulation of the benzodiazepine receptor. The pharmacologic, electrophysiologic, and neurochemical observations presented in this review further support either a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory role of purines in the function of the benzodiazepine receptor. PMID- 6998745 TI - [Treatment of traumatic injuries in the works of Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) (on the millenium of the birth of Abu Ali Ibn-Sina)]. PMID- 6998748 TI - [Prosthetic planning for the substitution in the partially edentulous mouth]. PMID- 6998747 TI - Experience in a series of fimbriectomies. AB - In a series of 247 consecutive sterilizations by fimbriectomy performed at the Denver General Hospital, a failure rate of 2.4% was found. The literature is reviewed, and these results are compared with results of other series. In several of the fimbriectomy series with more successful outcome, modifications of the technique originally described were used. The difficulties associated with the Kroener technique are discussed. The fimbriectomy failures were caused by either lack of resection of all of the fimbriae or the presence of tuboperitoneal fistulas, both congenital and acquired. Fimbriectomy should not be regarded as the method of choice for sterilization unless one can ensure adequate surgical exposure and complete removal of the fibria, including the fimbria ovarica. PMID- 6998749 TI - [Prof. Imre Vamos, DDS. 1928-1980]. PMID- 6998750 TI - [The direct bonding technic]. PMID- 6998751 TI - [Planning of substitution of missing teeth in prosthetic cases belonging into class 1B]. PMID- 6998752 TI - [Planning of substitution of missing teeth in cases belonging into class 2B]. PMID- 6998753 TI - [Effect of pituitary thyrotopic hormone administration on the enzyme secreting function of the stomach]. PMID- 6998754 TI - [Digestive physiology in the works of Avicenna]. PMID- 6998755 TI - Current status of bone grafts in periodontal therapy. PMID- 6998756 TI - Active non-specific immunotherapy of experimental tumours. PMID- 6998757 TI - [Counterregulatory action of catecholamines on insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal subjects and diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998759 TI - Prosperity and decay: a portrait of the Dutch golden age. PMID- 6998758 TI - [The effect of gamma-oryzanol on rat pituitary hormone secretion (author's transl)]. AB - gamma-oryzanol (gamma-OZ), a ferulic acid ester of triterpene alcohol, was investigated with regard to its effect on pituitary LH, GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in normal male (M) and ovariectomized female (OVX) rats. gamma-OZ showed a suppressive tendency of LH by a single intravenous injection and also markedly reduced the LH release induced by LHRH when compared with only vehicle dosed control groups in M and OVX rats. Serum prolactin release induced by TRH was markedly suppressed by 6 days pretreatment with gamma-OZ in OVX rats. These data suggest that gamma-OZ is a potent inhibitor of LH release and may be a weak inhibitor of prolactin in rats. PMID- 6998760 TI - [The dentist Fauchard]. PMID- 6998762 TI - [Dentistry and Cartesianism (1637-1650)]. PMID- 6998761 TI - [The dentist Fauchard]. PMID- 6998763 TI - [Obturating prosthesis of the upper maxilla: clinical case]. PMID- 6998764 TI - [Surface investigations on models and chromium-cobalt castings]. PMID- 6998765 TI - [Construction of complete denture. Morphological considerations]. PMID- 6998766 TI - [Test of chemical material for disinfection of prostheses]. PMID- 6998767 TI - [Reconstruction of a partially edentulous upper jaw and lower jaw]. PMID- 6998768 TI - [Precious metal - dental castings]. PMID- 6998769 TI - [Relation between clasp strength and retention]. PMID- 6998770 TI - [Progress report on castings with minimum amounts of gold]. PMID- 6998773 TI - [Preparation of bridges]. PMID- 6998771 TI - [Repair of prosthesis with a Ceka-attachment]. PMID- 6998772 TI - [Expansion of a casting embedding material in relation to its handling]. PMID- 6998774 TI - [Non-removable orthodontic appliances: their characteristics and construction methods]. PMID- 6998777 TI - [Approach to and management of partial dentures]. PMID- 6998776 TI - [Medico-dental and pharmacological history--miscellaneous records (7)]. PMID- 6998778 TI - History of articulators. PMID- 6998779 TI - History of crown and bridgework, Part I. PMID- 6998775 TI - [Adhesives used for direct bonding system]. PMID- 6998780 TI - [Technique for construction of museum models]. PMID- 6998781 TI - [Alloys of chrome cobalt for skeletons]. PMID- 6998782 TI - [Impression Schreinemakers]. PMID- 6998783 TI - [Interdigitating cell. Cytomorphological characteristics and functional aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998785 TI - [Evaluation of enzymatic activities of yeasts in epidemiological investigations of urogenital yeast infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998784 TI - [Immunology of the pustular bacterid of Andrews. I Immune responses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6998786 TI - Teething troubles, 1921--1971. Part twelve. PMID- 6998787 TI - Trypanosoma: intricacies of biochemistry, morphology and environment. PMID- 6998788 TI - Fact, uncertainty and speculation concerning the biochemistry of D-erythrose-4 phosphate and its metabolic roles. PMID- 6998790 TI - On the binding of concanavalin A to bacterial and mammalian ribosomes. PMID- 6998791 TI - Prophylactic disopysramide: its clinical effects related to plasma concentration in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6998789 TI - Metalloproteases from Penicillium caseicolum and P. roqueforti: comparison of specificity and chemical characterization. PMID- 6998792 TI - Intravenous indoprofen for prompt relief of acute gout: a regimen-finding study. AB - The results of an open exploratory trial with different regimens of indoprofen in patients with acute gouty arthritis are described. Two main daily regimens were assessed: (a) indoprofen 200 mg as an intravenous bolus, followed by slow infusion of 100 mg/hour for about 4 hours (24 attacks treated in twenty-three patients); and (b) indoprofen 400 mg as an intravenous bolus (13 attacks treated in twelve patients). In both regimens intravenous indoprofen was supplemented with 400-600 mg daily of indoprofen by mouth. The patient's response, as judged by pain, tenderness, local heat, redness, range of motion and joint circumference, was dramatic in both series, with no significant difference between them at any time of observation. Substantial improvement was apparent for subjective variables already within 2 hours after the beginning of treatment, and a complete resolution was obtained in 35 of 37 attacks within 48 hours. A mild adverse reaction was recorded in one patient for each group (dizziness and gastric pain, respectively). Intravenous indoprofen appears to afford an extremely rapid relief of acute gout; of the two regimens assessed, the second should be preferred in that it seems to be at least equally effective but less troublesome for the patients. PMID- 6998795 TI - Efficacy of Co-Trimazine in hospitalized patients with complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6998793 TI - Fenbufen, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatoid arthritis, its efficacy and toxicity. AB - Fenbufen, a new butanoic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory properties, was evaluated in an open-label study. It was found that fenbufen was an effective anti-inflammatory agent with tolerable and acceptable potential side-effects. Its advantages appeared to be its long clinical half-life and relatively mild toxicity and/or allergic response. PMID- 6998794 TI - Controlled trial with trithiozine in duodenal ulcer. AB - Fifty patients were treated double-blind for 4 weeks: thirty with trithiozine (1200 mg/day) and twenty with placebo. The endoscopic examination at the end of the treatment confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug, which proved to be significantly more active than the placebo and led to healing of the ulcer in 70% of cases versus 30% in those treated with placebo (p < 0.02). Trithiozine proved to be significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the pain symptoms as well (p < 0.005). In no case did the drug lead to any side-effects. PMID- 6998796 TI - Local therapy of atrophic vaginal conditions with oestriol suppositories. AB - Twenty post-menopausal women were treated using oestriol vaginal suppositories (Ortho-Gynest). Subjective disturbances such as dyspareunia, pruritus, and kraurosis vulvae showed a good response to the therapy, while the anaplastic activity of the vaginal epithelium to the suppositories was shown by an increase in the vaginal superficial cells which followed the course of treatment. Side effects were minimal and disappeared following cessation of treatment. PMID- 6998797 TI - Internalization of polypeptide hormones: mechanism, intracellular localization and significance. PMID- 6998798 TI - Intravenous insulin decreases urinary albumin excretion in long-term diabetics with nephropathy. AB - The effect of intravenous injection of insulin on heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin was examined in 10 long-term diabetics, 5 of whom had albuminuria. --In patients without albuminuria intravenous injection of insulin resulted in changes similar to but less pronounced than those previously observed in short-term diabetics: albumin excretion, plasma noradrenaline and heart rate increased, creatinine excretion decreased significantly. --Intravenous injection of insulin increased heart rate but not plasma noradrenaline in long-term diabetics with albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure did not change after insulin. Contrary to expectation insulin decreased urinary albumin excretion (from 418 to 312 micrograms/min, 27 per cent) in these patients. There was a marked decrease in urinary excretion rates of beta-2-microglobulin and creatinine (55 and 17 per cent, respectively) after insulin. --The decrease in albumin excretion after insulin in diabetics with albuminuria is most likely due to renal vasoconstriction. The absence of a rise in albumin excretion after insulin may be due to severe morphological changes in glomeruli in these patients. PMID- 6998800 TI - Effect of furosemide on insulin and glucagon responses to arginine in normal subjects. AB - This study aimed at evaluating the influence of furosemide upon insulin and glucagon responses to arginine in healthy subjects. For this purpose, six normal subjects received two consecutive arginine pulses (3 g), 60 min apart, before and after the administration of furosemide (40 mg, IV). The acute insulin response (mean change from 3-10 min) to the second arginine pulse was significantly inhibited by furosemide (mean increase: 14.8 +/- 3.0 microU/ml versus 11.7 +/- 2.5 microU/ml, p < 0.01). By contrast, the acute glucagon response was significantly increased (mean increase: 77 +/- 18 pg/ml versus 105 +/- 21 pg/ml, p < 0.01). No significant changes in plasma glucose levels occurred. In control experiments, in which saline rather than furosemide was administered, the acute insulin and glucagon response to the first arginine pulse did not differ from that observed with the second pulse. The effect of furosemide on insulin and glucagon secretion might be mediated through enhanced release of endogenous prostaglandin E. PMID- 6998799 TI - Amniotic fluid C-peptide in normal and insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. AB - Glucose, insulin and C-peptide were determined in amniotic fluid from 28 normal and 46 insulin-treated diabetic pregnant women. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in amniotic fluid were higher in the diabetics than in the normal subjects. In diabetic women insulin levels did not correlate with birth weight or birth weight adjusted for gestational age, but C-peptide did. C-peptide correlated poorly with insulin (p < 0.05) in diabetics but closely (p < 0.002) in normal subjects. These results suggest that amniotic fluid investigations in insulin-treated diabetic women should use C-peptide assays as these seem to reflect more closely the insulin production of the fetus than do insulin assays. There were no differences in amniotic fluid glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations where the amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio indicated fetal pulmonary maturity or immaturity. PMID- 6998801 TI - Attenuation of the pancreatic beta cell response to a meal following hypoglycaemia in man. AB - The plasma concentration of C-peptide, insulin (IRI) and glucose was measured in 9 healthy subjects during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia followed by a meal. Identical observations were made in the same subjects after an equivalent period of fasting without hypolycaemia (control study). Endogenous secretion of insulin was suppressed following administration of exogenous insulin and this persisted long after the blood glucose concentration had returned to normal. After the meal the mean blood glucose rose to a peak of 8.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) at 60 min and was still raised at 7.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/l at 120 min, compared with a peak value of only 5.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/l at 30 min after the meal in the control study. Following hypoglycaemia the mean plasma IRI rose from 8.3 +/- 1.3 mU/l to a delayed peak of 81.6 +/- 12.7 mU/l at 60 min and was 123.5 +/- 14 mU/l at 120 min post-prandially, compared with a peak of 72.4 +/- 0.5 mU/l at 30 min after the meal in the control study. Acute hypoglycaemia may thus induce in abnormal pattern of insulin secretion in response to a meal, with impaired carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects. PMID- 6998802 TI - The effect of diazoxide-induced hormonal secretion on plasma triglyceride concentration in the rat. AB - The relationship between non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) mobilization and hepatic conversion to plasma triglycerides (TG), as modulated by diazoxide induced effects upon endogenous catecholamine, glucagon, and insulin secretion, was examined in vivo in the rat. Thyrotropin (TSH)-induced NEFA mobilization provided the control study.--In all control experiments, TSH (1.5 IU/100 g) induced a 110% increase in NEFA availability, which was associated with a subsequent 52% increase in plasma TG concentration and a 73% increase in plasma ketone bodies. Following diazoxide administration (30 mg/kg), endogenous secretion of both catecholamines and glucagon was observed, resulting in a comparable 100% increase in NEFA availability, with the appropriate ketonaemic response. However, in contrast to the control TSH study, plasma triglyceride concentration did not increase. This suppression was secondary, at least in part, to a direct 40% inhibition of hepatic secretion of triglycerides.--Although plasma NEFA concentration is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, the concurrent concentration of endogenous catecholamines, glucagon, and insulin modulate the hepatic conversion of NEFA to triglycerides in vivo. PMID- 6998803 TI - Direct effects of rat growth hormone in rat islets of langerhans in tissues culture. AB - The effects of rat growth hormone (1 microgram/ml) on the synthesis and release of insulin by isolated rat islets of Langerhans were studied. There was no effect of growth hormone on the release of insulin from freshly isolated islets during 30 min incubation periods. By contrast, islets previously cultured for 16h with growth hormone exhibited at 40% increase in the release of insulin in response to glucose or to glucose and theophylline. These islets also showed specific increases in basal and glucose-stimulated insulin synthesis of 16% and 21% respectively, together with a 22% increase in the basal rate of total protein synthesis. The total insulin content of islets was not affected by culture with growth hormone. The adenylate cyclase activity of islet homogenates was unaffected by the presence of growth hormone during 30 min incubations. When homogenates from islets previously cultured with growth hormone were studied, basal adenylate cyclase activity was unchanged, while fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was increased by 37%. It is concluded that growth hormone can directly affect the synthesis and release of insulin in islets of Langerhans, without relation to its metabolic activities in other target organs. PMID- 6998804 TI - Different effects of hypothermia on insulin and glucagon secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - Two series of experiments with the isolated perfused rat pancreas were performed in parallel. The conditions differed only with respect to temperature, which was 37.5 degrees C in one series and 28 degrees C in the other. The lowering of the temperature decreased insulin secretion induced by glucose as well as the insulin response to tolbutamide and acetylcholine. Unlike insulin, glucagon secretion was not significantly modified by hypothermia. Our results suggest that the mechanisms involved in glucagon and insulin secretion are different. PMID- 6998805 TI - Evidence for multiple causality in the development of diabetic hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - The relationship between varying degrees of insulin deficiency and hypertriglyceridaemia in rats have been examined. Rats were studied 7--10 days after injection with streptozotocin, and plasma glucose concentrations used to classify rats as having either moderate (200--350 mg/dl) or severe diabetes (< 350 mg/dl). A 2- to 3-fold rise in plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration developed in six week old insulin deficient rats associated with elevated plasma non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and decreased very low density lipoprotein secretion. Perfused liver from six week old rats with either moderate or severe diabetes were incapable of increasing hepatic TG secretion when perfusate NEFA concentrations were raised from 0.4 to 1.8 mmol/l. In one year old, spontaneously obese rats, an equivalent degree of hypertriglyceridaemia could be produced with a lesser degree of insulin deficiency, and in this instance very low density lipoprotein secretion was increased over control values. Hepatic TG secretion by perfused livers from these rats with moderate diabetes approximately doubled when perfusate NEFA condentration was raised from 0.40 to 0.85 mmol/l. These results emphasize the complex causality of diabetic hypertriglyeridaemia in situations characterised by comparable degrees of fasting hyperglycaemia. PMID- 6998807 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma IRI responses in patients with IGT. PMID- 6998806 TI - Effect of increased pancreatic islet norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin concentration on insulin secretion in the golden hamster. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if increased concentrations of pancreatic islet norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin after insulin secretion. Golden hamsters received intraperitoneal injections of the norepinephrine precursor DL-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine, the dopamine precursor L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, or the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan with and without pretreatment of the hamsters with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine. Administration of the monoamine precursors to animals pretreated with tranylcypromine resulted in a mean increase in plasma glucose of 192% and a mean decrease in plasma insulin of 58%. Using a collagenase isolation technique, islets from control and treated animals were evaluated for monoamine content and insulin secretory capacity. The monoamine concentrations in control islets, in mumol/kg wet weight, were: norepinephrine 42 +/- 8; dopamine 8 +/- 2; and serotonin 26 +/- 9. Administration of the appropriate precursor to control hamsters resulted in a 1.9-fold (norepinephrine), 6-fold (dopamine), and 22-fold (serotonin) increase in monoamines. There was no alteration in the glucose (16.3 mmol/l)-stimulated in vitro insulin secretion from islets obtained from these hamsters. Administration of the precursors to hamsters pretreated with tranylcypromine resulted in a 3.5-fold (norepinephrine), 22-fold (dopamine), and 59-fold (serotonin) increase in monoamines. Glucose-stimulated in vitro insulin secretion from islets obtained from these hamstes was completely blocked. This study suggest that high concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the pancreatic islets can decrease glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. PMID- 6998808 TI - Diabetic control in 102 insulin-treated out-patients. AB - Haemoglobin AIc concentrations were measured in 102 insulin-treated diabetic outpatients. Only 19% had Hb AIc levels below three standard deviations above the normal mean value (5.23 +/- 0.05%). There were no correlations between Hb AIc levels, random C-peptide immunoreactivity or age. A significant correlation (r = 0.49; p < 0.001) was, however, observed between HbAIc and random plasma glucose levels. The mean random plasma glucose value was normal (89 +/- 18 mg/100 ml; 5 +/- 1 mmol/l) in the patients on insulin three times a day who had received short acting insulin 160 +/- 6 min before the sampling. --A significant inverse correlation was found (r = -0.26; p < 0.01) between the number of daily insulin injections and the HbAIc concentration. --These results suggest that the use of multiple daily insulin injections improves diabetic control. It should however be emphasised that the patients receiving multiple insulin injections were younger than those on the single injection regime and had lower plasma insulin antibody titres, different social and psychological status and a shorter duration of the disease. PMID- 6998809 TI - The acute effect of insulin on heart rate, blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline and urinary albumin excretion. The role of changes in blood glucose. AB - The effect of intravenous insulin (7-8 U as a bolus injection) on renal haemodynamics and urinary excretion of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin was examined in five recent onset juvenile diabetics. Blood glucose concentration was maintained after insulin at unchanged or slightly increased levels by continuous intravenous glucose infusion (50 g/100 ml, 1.2 ml/min). Mean arterial blood pressure increased slightly but significantly from 94 +/- 8 mmHg to 99 +/- 10 (mean +/- SD) after insulin. The rise in heart rate (16 versus 29 beats/min) and in plasma noradrenaline (from 0.16 to 0.32 ng/ml versus 0.20 to 0.49 ng/ml) was significantly greater in the tilted position after insulin. There was no decrease in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow after insulin, in contrast to the findings after intravenous injection of insulin without maintenance of plasma glucose. Urinary albumin excretion was approximately doubled after insulin, from 6.8 to 12.5 microgram/min. Beta-2-microglobulin excretion decreased but this difference was not significant. -- It is concluded that the rise in heart rate and plasma noradrenaline, and the increase in urinary albumin excretion, after insulin, are unrelated to changes in blood glucose concentration. It is suggested that increased albumin excretion after insulin is due to a direct effect of insulin on glomerular endothelial or epithelial cells. PMID- 6998810 TI - Prevalence of diabetes among children of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. AB - Eight diabetics were found among 464 children, mean age 11.2 years, of 311 unselected insulin-treated mothers. By a method of age correction the total diabetes prevalence among the children at the age of 25 years was calculated as 3.4%. Three children were non-insulin dependent and these patients and their mothers may belong to the autosomal dominant type of diabetes, so-called MODY. In two of the other five families the fathers also had insulin-dependent diabetes; in two more cases first or second degree paternal relatives were insulin dependent diabetics. Thus the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes among the children of insulin dependent mothers married to non-diabetics is calculated as 1.5% at the age of 25 years. PMID- 6998812 TI - The metabolic and hormonal responses to glucose infusion in anaesthetized normal and diabetic dogs controlled by an artificial B-cell. AB - The metabolic response to glucose infusion in anaesthetized normal and pancreatectomized dogs has been assessed. Normoglycaemia was achieved in the diabetic dogs with an external artificial B-cell which administered insulin into the peripheral circulation. No differences were found in the levels of blood glucose, glucagon, lactate, pyruvate and plasma non-esterified fatty acids, either in the fasting state or in response to glucose infusion. However, compared to normal animals normoglycaemic diabetic dogs had significantly elevated circulating levels of insulin and alanine at all times. Fasting levels of the same hormones and metabolites were also measured in conscious dogs. Blood pyruvate levels were higher, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels lower, in the anaesthetized animals. There were also minor but consistent changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin while glucagon, lactate and alanine levels were unaffected by anaesthesia. In conclusion, controlled barbiturate anaesthesia has relatively minor effects on the metabolic and hormonal status of the dog. The metabolic and hormonal response to glucose infusion in pancreatectomized dogs treated with an artificial B-cell was almost entirely normalized, except for peripheral hyperinsulinaemia and hyperalaninaemia. PMID- 6998811 TI - Muscle triglycerides in diabetic subjects. Effect of insulin deficiency and exercise. AB - Muscle triglycerides and glycogen were measured in biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 1 h of ergometric exercise at 50 to 60% of maximal capacity (i. e. at a pulse rate during exercise of 180 minus age) in 3 groups of 19 to 35 year old, non-obese male subjects: 10 normals, 10 insulin dependent diabetic patients in relatively good control and 10 poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients in whom insulin was withdrawn 24 h prior to examination. At rest in all subjects muscle triglyceride content was positively correlated with serum triglycerides(p < 0.001) and blood glucose (p < 0.05), resulting in elevated muscle triglyceride stores in the insulin deficient diabetic patients (17.9 +/- 1.8 mumol/g protein vs. 13.4 +/- 1.3 and 9.4 +/- 1.2 in the normal subjects and the well controlled diabetic patients; p < 0.05 and < 0.001). During exercise, utilisation of muscle triglycerides and glycogen were directly related to content at rest (p < 0.001), including the insulin-deprived patients with decreased glycogen. The decrease of muscle fat was associated with a rise in serum glycerol (p < 0.001) and non-esterified fatty acids (p < 0.001) during exercise. PMID- 6998813 TI - Effect of substrate interactions on in vitro fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of normal and genetically obese mice. AB - Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vitro in pieces of adipose tissue from lean and obese-hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice, using 14C-glucose or 14C-lactate and 3H2O to obtain absolute rates of total fatty acid synthesis. In the presence of lipoprotein-triglyceride (2.5 mumol/l) metabolic interaction occurred which decreased glucose incorporation into fatty acids by 30% in lean mouse tissue, but not in obese mouse tissue. In the absence of added insulin, the contribution of glucose to total fatty acid synthesis was 69% in obese mouse tissue, significantly lower than the value of 87% obtained in lean mouse tissue. Insulin increased the contribution of glucose to total synthesis in both lean and obese mouse tissues, although the value in obese mouse tissue (83%) remained lower than the value in lean mouse tissue (100%). Lactate was not a major precursor for fatty acid synthesis. When both lactate (2 mmol/l) and glucose (15 mmol/l) were present, the contribution of lactate to total fatty acid synthesis was not increased in obese mouse tissue, suggesting that even in the presence of insulin, about 30% of the carbon was provided by intracellular precursors. PMID- 6998814 TI - Insulin release from human pancreatic islets in vitro. AB - Islets of Langerhans were isolated by collagenase digestion from the pancreas of a 39 year-old female renal transplant donor. The islets were subjected to three consecutive periods of tissue culture, after each of which they were incubated in vitro with various agents whose effects on insulin release from islets of laboratory animals have previously been established. After the first culture period, the basal insulin secretion rate of 5.2 microunits/islet/h seen with 2 mmol/l glucose was increased approx. 5-fold on raising the glucose concentration to 20 mmol/l. The islets retained the insulin-secretory response to 20 mmol/l glucose throughout the period of study. Insulin secretion was also stimulated by mannose, leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate, dihydroxyacetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate, but not by fructose or N-acetyl-glucosamine. Fructose however increased insulin release in the presence of 4 mmol/l glucose. Caffeine elicited insulin release in the absence of glucose and enhanced insulin release in response to 10 mmol/l glucose. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was inhibited by trifluoperazine (25 mumol/l). PMID- 6998815 TI - Insulin antibodies prevent insulin-receptor interactions. AB - The study was carried out to investigate whether insulin bound to antibody is able to bind the insulin receptor of target tissues. Three specific rabbit anti insulin sera as well as sera from eight diabetic patients with insulin antibodies were incubated, free of insulin, with labelled insulin for 48 h at 4 degrees C; following incubation labelled insulin was employed in binding experiments on monocytes, erythrocytes and placenta membranes. Using rabbit sera, receptor binding was absent when insulin was totally combined with antibody, and appeared in increasing amounts as the percentage of free insulin increased to reach a maximum when no insulin was combined with antibody. The same experiment using sera from diabetic patients showed a close negative relationship (r = 0.95) between the amount of insulin bound to the antibody and the amount bound to receptors. The influence of the insulin-antibody complex on the insulin receptor interaction was evaluated by exposing the insulin-antibody complex to the receptor in pH, temperature and competition-inhibition curve experiments. The complex had no effect on receptor affinity or on the pH and temperature relationship influence with insulin-receptor interaction. The findings suggest that insulin resistance in the presence of insulin antibodies is due only to an alteration occurring before the interaction of insulin with its receptor, and demonstrate that the insulin-antibody complex does not influence the insulin receptor interaction. PMID- 6998816 TI - Synthesis and release of glucagon by human salivary glands. AB - Pieces of human salivary glands were homogenised with acid-ethanol or acid-saline solutions immediately after surgical removal. With both extraction procedures the immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) content in the submaxillary glands was greater than in parotid glands as determined with a C-terminal reactive glucagon antiserum (30K). Higher amounts of IRG were determined in acid-saline extracts of submaxillary (18.5 +/- 2.5 VS 8.9 +/- 1.2 ng/g wet weight) and parotid (3.5 +/- 0.3 VS 2.9 +/- 0.3 ng/g wet weight) glands compared with concentrations obtained with acid-ethanol extracts. IRG material extracted with the latter procedure has similar immunological and biological characteristics as pancreatic glucagon. After fractionation of the acid-ethanol extracts on P-30 columns or gel electrophoresis, an immunoreactive peak of 3500 daltons was always obtained. Arginine, ephinephrine and low glucose concentrations stimulated glucagon release from both salivary glands. Active glucagon biosynthesis by these glands was established by the incorporation of 3H-L-tryptophan into a 3500 daltons polypeptide with specific immune reaction with 30K antiserum. These findings indicate that human salivary glands represent a source of extrapancreatic glucagon in man and may therefore contribute to the circulating levels of this hormone. PMID- 6998817 TI - Increased somatomedin and cartilage metabolic activity in rabbit fetuses injected with insulin in utero. AB - The effect of insulin injection in fetal rabbits on plasma somatomedin activity and cartilage metabolism was investigated. One fetus in each of 12 litters was injected with 1 unit of insulin zinc suspension subcutaneously on day 27 of gestation and a control fetus was injected with the same volume of 0.154 mol/l saline. The litter was delivered by caesarean section on day 29 and each fetus identified. Plasma somatomedin activity was determined by fetal rabbit cartilage bioassay. Costal cartilage from individual fetuses was incubated in medium containing [3H]thymidine or [35S]sulphate as indicators of cell replication and matrix synthesis respectively. Individual values for somatomedin activity or cartilage isotope uptake were ranked within a litter. In each case the rank in the litter of the insulin-injected fetus, but not the saline-injected fetus, was significantly higher than the mean rank of the litter. Insulin did not stimulate cartilage metabolism in vitro. PMID- 6998818 TI - Effect of alloxan on insulin and glucagon secretion in perifused isolated islets. AB - The effect of alloxan on insulin and glucagon secretion was investigated in perifused isolated rat islets. Five minutes of exposure to 1.4 mmol/l alloxan in a low-glucose medium (5.6 mmol/l) abolished subsequent leucine stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion. In a medium containing 19 mmol/l arginine and 3.3 mmol/l glucose, insulin secretion was only slightly diminished by alloxan pretreatment, whereas glucagon secretion was reduced to about 60% of controls. Exposure to alloxan in a high glucose medium (27.8 mmol/l) did not effect insulin or glucagon secretion. PMID- 6998819 TI - Effect of enkephalins and morphine on insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. AB - The direct effects of an enkephalin analogue, (D-Ala2/MePhe4/Met/(O)-o1) enkephalin (DAMME), on insulin release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat have been investigated. DAMME had a dose-dependent effect on insulin secretion: low concentrations (10(-10) to 10(-8) mol/l) were stimulatory while high concentrations (10(-5) mol/l) were inhibitory in the presence of 8 mmol/l glucose. Similar effects were found with met-enkephalin, and with the longer acting alanine substituted met-enkephalin. Morphine sulphate (5 X 10(-7) mol/l) also stimulated insulin release. The effects of enkephalin and morphine were blocked by the specific opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (1.2 X 10(-6) mol/l). The insulin secretory response of perifused islets to enkephalins and morphine was rapid, corresponding to the first phase of glucose induced insulin release. These observations suggest that there may be opiate receptors in islets, and that opioid peptides could modulate insulin release. PMID- 6998820 TI - Mechanisms of tolbutamide-stimulation of pancreatic B cells--a reply. PMID- 6998821 TI - Chromium and insulin secretion. PMID- 6998822 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma IRI responses in patients with IGT. PMID- 6998824 TI - An evaluation of leucocyte adherence inhibition microassay using colorectal cancer cell lines. AB - The leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) microassay using crude extracts from colorectal cancer cell lines (M-7609 and S-7512) was evaluated as a test of immunological antitumor reactivity in colorectal cancer patients. The optimal antigen concentration for differentiating cancer patients from control subjects was 0.05 mg/ml protein. The cut-off values of LAI index for determining reactive and nonreactive cases was -0.20. The numbers of colorectal cancer patients reactive against antigens M (derived from M-7609), S (derived from S-7512) and M + S were 9 of 19, 9 of 12 of 18, respectively, whereas against control antigens K (derived from K-7610, pulmonary cancer), SF (derived from cultured fibroblastic cells) and T (derived from fresh colorectal cancer tissue), they were only 1 of 18, 1 of 17, and 3 of 15, respectively. The mean LA indices of the Dukes A and B group, and of the Dukes C and recurrent cancer group were -0.28 and -0.24, but that of a tumor-free postoperative group, another malignant disease group and a group of healthy individuals were -0.04, -0.05, and -0.03, respectively. Judging from these results, LAI microassay using cultured human cancer cell lines as tumor antigen sources is suitable as a test for evaluating the antitumor immunmoreactivity of colorectal cancer patients. PMID- 6998823 TI - Circulating immune complexes in diabetes. PMID- 6998825 TI - Elevated polyamine content in erythrocytes of malignant lymphoma patients. AB - The polyamine content in erythrocytes was determined in an attempt to establish a biological marker of tumor growth in patients with malignant lymphoma. Erythrocytes from 24 patients with malignant lymphoma and 40 healthy controls were subjected to polyamine determination, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The spermidine and spermine levels in normal human erythrocytes were 15.06 +/- 3.61 and 8.79 +/- 3.12 nmol/10(10) cells, respectively. Spermidine and spermine levels in erythrocytes of lymphoma patients were 14.16 +/- 4.99 and 13.06 +/- 5.37 nmol/10(10) cells in the stage I and II groups, 21.25 +/- 3.80 and 14.17 +/- 6.11 in the stage III groups, and 34.17 +/- 10.37 and 24.39 +/- 16.08 in the stage IV group, respectively. The levels of both polyamines were significantly elevated (P < 0.005) in erythrocytes of stage IV patients, while those of stage I and II patients were within the normal range. Serial studies in 8 patients indicated that the levels of both polyamines in erythrocytes correlated well with the clinincal state. Thus, the determination of polyamines in erythrocytes should be clinically useful to determine the state of progression of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6998827 TI - Tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study on origin and renewal of gastrin cells in antral area of hamsters. AB - The origin and renewal of the gastrin cells in the pyloric glands of hamsters were studied by [3H]thymidine autoradiography combined with the immunoperoxidase identification technique. After a single injection of [3H]thymidine, the labeling index of gastrin cells was 0.3%, indicating that a few gastrin cells at the isthmus region have a self-replicating activity. Following pulse labeling after five repeated injections of [3H]thymidine at 6-hr intervals, the labeling index of the gastrin cells showed a linear increase (from 1.2% on the 1st day to 5.2% on the 4th day), and attained a plateau (5.6%) on the 5th day. These findings indicate that most gastrin cells differentiate functionally within 5 days. On the 5th day after the last of 41 injections repeated at 6-hr intervals, the labeling index of gastrin cells was 25.8%, and it decreased gradually as follows: 22.3%, 18.3%, 11.2%, 7.3%, 0.9%, and 0% on the 10th, 15th, 20th, 30th, 50th, and 100th day, respectively. From analysis of this decreasing curve, the turnover time of the gastrin cells (a half-life of the cells) was estimated to be 10-15 days. Spatially. the labeled gastrin cells were at first found in a region from the isthmus to the upper level of the glands and later in the lower level of the glands. This indicates that the gastrin cells arising from immature precursor cells at the isthmus region migrate downwards toward the bottom of the glands. PMID- 6998829 TI - Complications of fiberoptic endoscopy. AB - This review summarizes the complications of fiberoptic peroral endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and colonoscopy gleaned from reports of extensive endoscopic surveys. Unique individual experiences are also included. Means whereby complications can be prevented or remedied are noted. PMID- 6998828 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of IgA and secretory component in rat liver. AB - IgA is transported from rat blood into bile. The localization of IgA and secretory component in rat liver was studied in order to facilitate understanding of this IgA transport. Both indirect immunofluorescence and unlabeled antibody enzyme histochemical techniques were used. Immunoglobulin A was found surrounding bile canaliculi, within bile duct epithelium, on or near the plasma membranes of hepatocytes, within the cytoplasm of a few intensely stained hepatocytes, within the cytoplasm of intensely reactive cells found in or adjacent to the sinusoids, and in sparsely distributed plasma cells. Reactivity for secretory component was present surrounding bile canaliculi, within bile duct epithelium, or or near the plasma membranes of hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that immunoglobulin A is transported from blood to bile through hepatocytes by a process involving secretory component. Bile duct epithelium may also have a role in immunoglobulin A transport. PMID- 6998826 TI - Role of 99mTc-IDA cholescintigraphy in evaluating biliary tract disorders. AB - Technetium-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has provided a new, noninvasive means of visualizing biliary tract function. It has become the procedure of choice in patients with suspected acute cholecystitis because of its ability to most accurately detect functional obstruction or patency of the cystic duct as opposed to ultrasound's ability to detect only anatomic changes such as the presence of calculi or a thickened gallbladder wall. These latter findings are more important in establishing the diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis where ultrasound shares a position of prime importance with the oral cholecystogram. Tc-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has also been particularly useful in evaluating bile leaks, biliary-enteric anastomosis patency and the post-cholecystectomy patient with recurrent pain. In the patient with cholestasis, ultrasound is usually the procedure of choice since it establishes whether or not ductal dilatation is present and frequently can determine the cause of obstruction. Cholescintigraphy has played an ancillary role in many cases by demonstrating the level of partial obstruction, but it does not have the anatomic resolution to visualize the cause of obstruction. Occasionally, in the evaluation of cholestasis, cholescintigraphy has proven to be the only modality which has identified the presence of acute common duct obstruction or localized intrahepatic ductal obstruction. All in all, Tc-99m IDA cholescintigraphy has had a dramatic impact upon hepatobiliary diagnosis. PMID- 6998830 TI - The ocular effects of cannabinoids. PMID- 6998831 TI - Ionic and endocrine factors influencing the secretion of luteinizing hormone by chicken anterior pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 6998832 TI - [Role of the Sanitary Hygiene Department in training physicians in preventive medicine and in the development of industrial hygiene (on the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Sanitary Hygiene Department of the I. M. Sechenov I Moscow Medical Institute)]. PMID- 6998833 TI - [Physician postgraduate instruction in the Department of Occupational Pathology (on the 50th anniversary of the Central Institute of Advanced Physician Training)]. PMID- 6998834 TI - [Study of the activity of lysosomal enzymes of the peripheral blood granulocytes in pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6998835 TI - [Evaluation of newborn infants delivered by women treated for cervix incompetence by circular suture using Hervet's modification]. PMID- 6998836 TI - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of acute adnexitis with sulfonamides and antibiotics in the course of balneotherapy]. PMID- 6998837 TI - [Matching of HLA-A-B antigens in renal transplantation in Israel--a routine or real necessity]. PMID- 6998838 TI - Mannan-hydrolyzing enzymes of yeasts and yeast-like organism. AB - The ability to degrade mannan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. the ability to produce an enzyme of the alpha-mannosidase type was tested in 57 representatives of various genera and species of yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Their growth was simultaneously monitored on soluble mannan and on 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyradnoside. The majority of strains produced alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24). PMID- 6998841 TI - Report from a meeting of the committee for standardization of control of germfree state. PMID- 6998840 TI - Extrusion of metabolites from baker's yeast during glucose-induced acidification. AB - Extrusion of metabolites (glycerol, lactic, malic, and succinic acid) during the medium acidification caused by resting baker's yeast supplied with 200 mM glucose was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and in the absence and presence of 14 mM KCl. The maximum levels of glycerol and of the sum of acids (about 13 and 8 mM, respectively) were attained anaerobically; aerobiosis reduced the levels by 40-50% and the presence of K+ ions by another 10-20%. The time courses of glucose consumption and medium acidification were similar aerobically and anaerobically. The glucose consumption curves exhibited a short plateau about 2 min after glucose addition, caused probably by a rapid osmotic equilibration of glucose across the cell mambrane. Metabolite extrusion indicates that at high glucose concentrations the alcohol dehydrogenase reaction is supplemented by other reactions aiding in the maintenance of a balanced NAD+/NADH ratio in the cells. PMID- 6998839 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of extracellular metabolites produced by baker's yeast during glucose-induced acidification. AB - Gas chromatographic separation of metabolites extruded during the medium acidification by resting baker's yeast supplied with glucose is described. Silylation with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane and a direct chromatography on Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS with 2.5% SE-52 (lactic, pyruvic, succinic, glyceric, fumaric, malic), polyols (glycerol, arabinitol) and sugars (glucose). The yeast was found to extrude glycerol, lactic, malic, and succinic acid. PMID- 6998842 TI - Screening of food dyes for genotoxic activity. PMID- 6998844 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenicity of sorbic acid-sodium nitrite reaction products produced in bacon-curing brines. PMID- 6998843 TI - Genotoxicity of the food colours red 2G and brown FK in bacterial systems; use of structurally-related dyes and azo-reduction. PMID- 6998845 TI - Mutagenicity of chinese wine treated with nitrite. PMID- 6998846 TI - Studies of in vitro cell transformation and mutagenicity by surfactants and other compounds. PMID- 6998848 TI - Is it true what they say about "Medicaid mills"? PMID- 6998847 TI - More chapters in the bracken saga. PMID- 6998849 TI - Watching the reimbursement dollars: program validation aims to control waste in Medicare and Medicaid. PMID- 6998850 TI - Helping beneficiaries understand medicare and medicaid. HCFA launches program of information and counseling. PMID- 6998851 TI - [Jons Jacob Berzelius and Czech mineral waters]. PMID- 6998852 TI - [J. J. Berzelius, an analyst of mineral waters]. PMID- 6998853 TI - Localization of melatonin in the digestive tract of the rat. Effect of maturation, diurnal variation, melatonin treatment and pinealectomy. AB - Using highly specific antibodies, melatonin was identified in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat as early as several hours of postnatal life. Its amount progressively increased and reached the adult levels around day 21. Exogenously administered melatonin concentrates in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract with most pronounced accumulation in the colon and the rectum. Diurnal variations were not clearly demonstrated in any part of the alimentary canal. Pinealectomy had no visible effect on the levels of melatonin in the tissues investigated. A hypothesis of ontogenic as well as phylogenic development of production of N-acetylated indolealkylamines in the pineal and the extrapineal tissues and their physiological role is presented. PMID- 6998854 TI - Planning is key to energy management. AB - An effective hospital energy management program involves long-range, annual, and emergency planning; conservation measures; and an energy accounting system. PMID- 6998856 TI - Neonatal GBS with right diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 6998855 TI - Health panel is a 'natural' for Hawaii's Heftel. PMID- 6998857 TI - Portable insulin infusion systems in juvenile-onset diabetes. PMID- 6998858 TI - How to use the career planning guide. PMID- 6998862 TI - Three tube method for the identification of enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6998860 TI - Mechanisms of resistance against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Requirements for cellular destruction of circulating forms of T. cruzi in human and murine in vitro systems. AB - The sensitivity of host (circulating) forms of T. cruzi to cell-mediated immunological destruction and requirements for the reaction were examined. Both human and mouse leucocytes were found to kill significant numbers of parasites in the presence of specific antibodies against the flagellates. Antibody involvement was confirmed by the marked ihhibitory effects on cytotoxicity that resulted from the addition to reaction mixtures of either aggregated normal IgG or purified protein A. Similar inhibition was observed when antiserum to T. cruzi was pre absorbed with an insoluble protein A preparation. In addition, immunoglobulins present in normal mouse serum failed to support cytotoxicity by cells with demonstrated effector capacity in parallel antibody-containing reactions. In this system, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils but not adherent mononuclear cells were able to kill T. cruzi. Also active were mouse lymphoid cells, neutrophils and adherent mononuclear cells. Minimal effector:target cell ratios resulting in detectable trypanosome killing were 0 x 2 and 0 x 6 for human and mouse lymphoid cells, respectively. The present results are relevant to the understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying the protective effects of the immune response against T. cruzi infection. PMID- 6998861 TI - The immunoregulatory role of antigen-antibody complexes. I. Assessment of B and T cell responses. AB - The capacity of ovalbumin-anti-ovalbumin complexes to prime T cells preferentially without concomitant induction of antibody synthesis was investigated. Whereas free antigen injection into mice primed T and B lymphocytes and induced antibody production, injection of antigen-antibody complexes did not result in antibody production but did result in T-cell priming. However, the data suggest that, notwithstanding the lack of induction of antibody synthesis by immune complexes, a low degree of B-cell priming by the complex occurred; this priming was of IgM precursors only. The results indicate that the immunoglobulin isotype composition of the complex may be important to this preferential effect. PMID- 6998863 TI - Modified rapid method of grouping beta haemolytic streptococci using sensitized protein A-containing staphylococci. PMID- 6998859 TI - Establishment of a clonal cell line that differentiates into adipose cells in vitro. AB - From the fibroblastic cells of murine mammary tumor tissue we isolated a clonal cell line that could be induced to differentiate into fat-accumulating cells in vitro. Differentiation began after the cultures had reached confluence and was accompanied by (a) an increase in the incorporation of sodium acetate into the triglyceride (TG) fraction of cellular lipids, (b) a more than 50-fold increase in cellular TG content per milligram cell-layer protein basis and (c) the cessation of cellular DNA synthesis. The addition of insulin to the culture medium enhanced lipid accumulation and increased the fraction of cells that differentiated into adipocytes. When insulin (5 to 10 microgram/ml) was added exogenously, 80% or more of the cells were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes within 2 weeks. This cell line can be used as a model for mammalian cell differentiation and also as a convenient material for the study of lipid metabolism in adipocytes. PMID- 6998864 TI - Note on an outbreak of malaria in Cuddalore, South Arcot district, Tamil Nadu. PMID- 6998866 TI - Directory of on-going research in cancer epidemiology. 1980. PMID- 6998865 TI - Quantitative study of islet tissue of pancreas in human and diabetic subjects. PMID- 6998867 TI - Subcellular distribution and storage form of rat renal renin. AB - The subcellular distribution and nature of rat renal renin has been investigated by means of analytical subcellular fractionation and gel filtration on Sephadex G 100. During differential centrifugation, renin activity was recovered mainly in soluble and heavy mitochondrial fractions. On sucrose gradient centrifugation in either a conventional or in a B XIV zonal rotor, renin activity equilibrated at 1.54 M sucrose and was partially resolved from marker enzymes for mitochondria (succinate dehydrogenase), lysosomes (acid phosphatase), plasma membranes (alkaline phosphatase), and peroxisomes (catalase). On gel filtration of the soluble or extracts of the renin-granular fractions on Sephadex G-100, renin activity eluted as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 42,000; no change in activity was found when these fractions were acidified to pH 3.0. When kidney homogenates were prepared in the presence of the proteolytic inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10 mM), whereas the renin from the granular fractions displayed a MW of 44,000, that from the soluble fraction was apparently higher (69,000). Addition of NEM (10 mM) to the soluble fraction previously shown to contain only the low MW form of renin also resulted in an apparently high MW form of renin. These results indicate that rat renal renin is associated with a mechanically fragile, distinct type of subcellular organelle. Renin within this structure is of the low MW form and is not acid activatable. The soluble fraction, however, contains a factor(s) that, in the presence of NEM, combines with the low MW renin to form a complex of apparently high MW. PMID- 6998868 TI - Effects of short-term norepinephrine infusion on plasma catecholamines, renin, and aldosterone in normal and hypertensive man. AB - The acute responsiveness of plasma catecholamine, renin (PRA), and aldosterone levels to exogenous norepinephrine was studied under placebo conditions and following renin (PRA), and aldosterone levels to exogenous norepinephrine was studied under placebo conditions and following renin-angiotensin activation by diuretic pretreatment in 25 normal subjects and 34 patients with borderline-to moderate essential hypertension. Norepinephrine infusion caused increases in plasma norepinephrine (PNE) that correlated with the infused norepinephrine dose (p < 0.001); this relationship was similar in normal and hypertensive subjects and unaltered by diuretic therapy. Plasma epinephrine and dopamine levels were unchanged during norepinephrine infusion. Norepinephrine infusion at pressor doses stimulated PRA (p < 0.01). The PRA responses correlated with the dose of infused norepinephrine (p < 0.0025), and norepinephrine-stimulated PRA correlated with basal PRA (p < 0.001). These norepinephrine-PRA relationships were unaltered by diuretic treatment and similar in normal and hypertensive subjects. In both groups, norepinephrine also caused a similar increase in plasma aldosterone (p < 0.05) under placebo conditions, but not following diuretic therapy. These findings demonstrate that an acute increase in the blood levels of the adrenergic neurotransmittor, norepinephrine, causes mild but distinct stimulation of plasma renin and aldosterone levels. Renin release in response to exogenous norepinephrine is not enhanced following renin-angiotensin activation by diuretic pretreatment. The responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to an acute norepinephrine input seems to be intact in essential hypertension. PMID- 6998869 TI - Abnormality of the renin/body-fluid-volume relationship in serially-studied inbred dogs with neonatally-induced coarctation hypertension. PMID- 6998870 TI - Multiclinic evaluation of timolol in the treatment of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 6998871 TI - Reduced hypotensive action of arachidonic acid in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 6998872 TI - Clinical and biochemical effects of spironolactone administered once daily in primary hypertension. Multicenter Sweden study. AB - In a prospective, double-blind, intraindividual, cross-over, placebo-controlled multicenter study, clinical and biochemical effects of once daily postprandial dose regimens of 50, 100, and 200 mg spironolactone were investigated in 45 outpatients with primary hypertension, WHO (World Health Organization) Stage I II. Each of the three active therapy periods, which were randomly allocated to patients, were of 2 months' duration, with intervening placebo periods, Clinical and biochemical parameters, including furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA), were recorded at regular intervals. All three spironolactone doses resulted in statistically significant blood pressure (BP) reductions independent of initial pretreatment levels and yielded satisfactory BP control in more than half of the patients. The 200 mg daily dose of spironolactone was found to be more effective than 50 but not 100 mg. When, correlating blood pressure response (delta MAP) to PRA, the profiling for positive spironolactone responders was characterized by high age and low PRA, irrespective of sex. Spironolactone therapy resulted in decreased serum sodium and magnesium values; potassium, creatinine, urate, and triglyceride levels were increased. However, all treatment values were within normal ranges. Side effects were infrequent and mainly of endocrine nature. PMID- 6998875 TI - The generation of haemolytic plaque-forming cells from human tonsils. AB - At low cell numbers (2 X 10(6) cells/culture) good numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) were obtained in response to stimulation by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Maximum PFC were obtained with the Marbrook chamber using 2 X 10(6) cells/culture, stimulating cells with a 1:50 dilution of PWM and harvesting after 6--7 days. 20 different experiments using standard conditions gave a geometric mean of 646 PFC/10(6) initial cells. All PFC detected were IgM. PMID- 6998874 TI - Renin-secreting tumor. Case report. AB - Renin-secreting tumor, though rare, should be considered in assessing severe hyperreninemic, hypertensive patients. We studied an 18-year-old girl with hypokalemic hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism. No angiographic lesion could be detected. The plasma renin activity (PRA) of the right/left renal vein was 7.3. With a presumptive diagnosis of renin-secreting tumor (RST), the patient was operated on, and a cortical nodule was found on the right lower pole. Partial nephrectomy was followed by a rapid fall in PRA (half-life, 33-44 min) and normalization of blood pressure (BP). At 3 1/2 months postoperatively, the patient showed normotension, normokalemia, normal aldosterone, and slightly elevated PRA unresponsive to postural changes and furosemide treatment. Tumoral PRA secretion responded to postural stimulus, spironolactone use, and nitroprusside-induced hypotension. Neither the high aldosterone excretion nor hyperreninemia decreased after 3 days of DOCA; this agrees with a previously reported case suggesting the usefulness of this test in the diagnosis of RST. PMID- 6998876 TI - Cross-reactions between the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and Escherichia coli. AB - Weak cross-reactions were demonstrated between the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) glycoprotein and antigens in the supernatants of boiled Escherichia coli R1-R4 strains using an inhibitory ELISA system. No cross-reactions could be determined between the purified R1-R4 lipopolysaccharides and the TH protein. Neither could any inhibition be recorded after trypsin treatment, indicating that the cross reacting substance is protein in nature. The cross-reactions were verified by immunoprecipitation techniques. The biological relevance of the cross-reaction between E. coli and the TH protein particularly as an event inducing the formation of autoantibodies to the TH protein is discussed. PMID- 6998873 TI - Studies on the activation and molecular weight of inactive renin in human plasma. AB - The mechanism of activation of inactive renin was studied in normal human plasma. The molecular weight of active renin and those of inactive renin before and after activation were analyzed by sephadex gel filtration. Active renin of human plasma had a molecular weight of 48,000 +/- 1000. Trypsin treatment and cold treatment activated inactive renin of a molecular weight of 54,000 +/- 1000. The inactive renin apparently did not change its molecular weight after activation. "Cryoactivation" of inactive renin was possible only when whole plasma was used. When the whole plasma was fractionated by gel filtration, cryoactivation was not observed in any of the fractions. Cryoactivation requires certain plasma factor(s) contained in some fractions. Plasma kallikrein is likely to be a major factor required for the cryoactivation of inactive renin, whereas some other factors may also participate in this mechanism. PMID- 6998877 TI - Ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity. PMID- 6998879 TI - Oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy of psoriasis and mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6998878 TI - The immunobiology of human malignant melanoma. PMID- 6998880 TI - William Morrant Baker (1839-1896). PMID- 6998881 TI - Substrate utilization during prolonged exercise after ingestion of 13C-glucose in obese and control subjects. AB - This study was performed to investigate whether the difference in substrate utilization observed between obese and control individuals at rest still exists during prolonged exercise. Using a combination of respiratory exchange and tracer techniques, six obese and six control subjects were investigated while exercising for 2 h on a bicycle ergometer, 1 h after ingesting 100 g naturally-enriched 13C glucose. Oxidation rates of protein, lipid and carbohydrate (CHO) were measured by indirect calorimetry and that of exogenous glucose by mass spectrometry (13CO2). Before exercise the obese subjects presented a lower rate of CHO utilization with a mean respiratory quotient of .803 compared to .858 for the controls. This impairement of CHO utilization disappeared during exercise where total CHO oxidation was found to be comparable for the obese (94.0 +/- 8.4 g) and the control group (94.3 +/- 6.1g). Exogenous-glucose oxidation was even slightly more elevated in the obese subjects (33.6 +/- 2.5 g compared with 28.1 +/- 2.3 g). Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the improvement in CHO utilization during exercise after a glucose load: (1) The fall in FFA is sufficient to suppress the inhibition of CHO uptake and oxidation; (2) The insulin resistance decreases during exercise. In conclusion, this study supports the concept that exercise performed by obese individuals stimulates CHO utilization with a concomitant improvement in glucose tolerance. PMID- 6998883 TI - Influence of chemoreception and psychologic state on food selection. AB - The extent to which sensory psychophysical studies can show whether or not foods taste the same to different individuals, or to the same individual over time, is reviewed and related to current research tools. PMID- 6998882 TI - Physiological control of energy balance. AB - Physiological control of energy balance is reviewed in terms of food seeking and enery (food) intake, utilization and storage. In particular the role of hormonal and metabolic signals, as clarified by whole-body calorimetry and cellular studies, and the interaction of energy expenditure with the mechanism regulating intake are outlined. PMID- 6998884 TI - Acquisition of food preferences and attitudes to food. AB - Current knowledge and approaches to the understanding of the acquisition of food likes and dislikes, and attitudes to food (food 'systems'), are discussed. Promising areas for research are indicated. Our present inability to answer basic questions about human food selection and the acquisition of affect hinders attempts to modify food choice, in individuals or cultures. PMID- 6998885 TI - Social and immediate environmental influences on food selection. AB - The current environmental stimuli that may often override biological regulation as influences on food selection are considered, eg time of day, food availability, convenience and variety of foods, the media, conditions of eating a meal, emotions. Schachter's hypothesis that overweight people are more responsive to external stimuli than leaner peers is examined and new work to test the theory is reported. PMID- 6998886 TI - An evaluation of behavioral therapy in obesity. AB - The efficacy of behavioral therapy is reviewed. It is suggested that studies so far have concentrated on analysing the weight loss results to the detriment of examining the nature of changes effected in behavior. The need for more research into ways of strengthening patient compliance and into better maintenance strategies is emphasized. PMID- 6998887 TI - Effect of obesity on total mortality. AB - It is concluded that the major population studies of obesity and mortality fail to show that overall obesity leads to greater risk. It is suggested that not only does advice on the subject of obesity need reappraisal but that research into possible associated benefits of moderate obesity would be worthwhile. PMID- 6998889 TI - Repair of potentially lethal damage in unfed plateau phase cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. II. Monolayer cultures. AB - Monolayer cultures of EAT cells when plated immediately after irradiation show a desrease in survival as they "age" in the plateau phase of growth. This decrease, which is manifest as a diminution of the shoulder width of the survival curve down to values approaching zero, is reversible if the cells are kept in their growth medium for some hours after irradiation before trypsinization and plating. Survival curves obtained by this holding procedure are similar in shape to those shown by exponentially growing or early plateau phase cells. We interpret this effect in terms of repair of potentially lethal damage which occurs after immediate plating in young cultures but only declared during plating in cultures which have "aged" in the plateau phase. The kinetics of this repair and the effects caused by the addition of serum after irradiation in the cultures have been studied. PMID- 6998890 TI - Inhibitory effect of membrane-specific drugs on liquid-holding recovery in U.V. irradiated E. coli cells. PMID- 6998888 TI - Effects of culture: geographical and historical approaches. AB - Some illustrations are given of how historical factors, such as the pattern of domestication of animals, and plants, and religious traditions, work together to form cultural determinants of diet. It is suggested that some long-term genetic changes in human populations may have come about as a result of consumption of particular foods, as for example, animal milk after weaning. PMID- 6998891 TI - Gamma radiation response and recovery studies in radiation sensitive mutants of diploid yeast. PMID- 6998892 TI - Radiochemical cross-linking of proteins to RNA within ribosomal subunits from E. colil MRE 600. AB - Irradiation in vitro of 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits from E. coli MRE 600 by gamma rays from cobalt 60, in the absence of oxygen, results in the formation of covalent links between the RNAs and some ribosomal proteins. At low radiation doses, just sufficient to keep the integrity of the ribosome structure, the phenomenon appears highly specific. In the 30S irradiated particle, protein S1 attaches to 16S RNA; in the 50S irradiated particle, the proteins L3, L13, L19, L21, L22 and L24 are linked to 23S RNA. The mechanism of formation of these cross links and their contribution to the study of the tridimensional ribosome structure are also discussed. PMID- 6998894 TI - Antiinflammatory medications. AB - Corticosteroids are by far the most frequently used agents to treat ocular inflammation. When administered topically to the eye, different derivatives of the same corticosteroid base are not equivalent in their antiinflammatory properties. A change in the derivative of a corticosteroid base alters its behavior as an antiinflammatory agent. To date, the acetate derivative of each corticosteroid base studied has been the most effective, and among commercially available ophthalmic formulations, 1.0 percent prednisolone acetate is the drug of choice for maximal antiinflammatory effect. Hourly instillation produces a greater, more rapid reduction of corneal inflammation than does instillation of the drug every 4 hours, while instillation at 15-minute intervals results in an even greater therapeutic effect. Topical delivery of five doses of 1.0 percent prednisolone acetate at 1-minute intervals each hour results in an antiinflammatory effect comparable to that achieved by instillation every 15 minutes. Topical instillation of a corticosteroid produces a greater reduction in inflammatory cells invading the cornea than does periocular injection of a steroid. Administration of corticosteroids concurrently by topical and subconjunctival routes produces an additive antiinflammatory effect. Addition of a topically applied corticosteroid to an effective topical antibiotic regimen containing a bactericidal agent does not enhance bacterial replication in the cornea if the corticosteroid is not instilled more frequently than the antibiotic. Corticosteroids enhance viral proliferation and are contraindicated in active epithelial herpetic keratitis. Many instances of stromal herpetic keratitis appear to be a toxic or immune response to incomplete, nonreplicating viral particles rather than alteration of tissue by multiplying live virus, and the judicious use of corticosteroids is advocated along with an antiviral antimetabolite. Because control of replicating fungal organisms by specific antifungal agents is often difficult to achieve, corticosteroids should not be used in the treatment of mycotic keratitis. PMID- 6998895 TI - Therapy for bacterial and fungal infections. PMID- 6998893 TI - Mechanisms of topical drugs used in the control of open angle glaucoma. PMID- 6998896 TI - Topical hyperosmotic agents and secretory stimulants. PMID- 6998897 TI - Artificial tear formulations. PMID- 6998898 TI - Factors influencing the penetration of topically applied drugs. PMID- 6998900 TI - Effect of pathological conditions on drug penetration into the anterior segment. PMID- 6998899 TI - Pharmacokinetics of instilled drugs in the human eye. PMID- 6998901 TI - Solid delivery devices. PMID- 6998903 TI - Aqueous formulations and ointments. AB - The development of ocular drug delivery systems has progressed greatly during the past four decades. This has resulted from better understanding of the pertinent physiological processes and from the availability of new synthetic polymers. More must be learned about the distribution of polymer solutions during the blink and their interactions with biosurfaces. In addition, awareness of the limitations placed on vehicle characteristics (e.g., viscosity, surface activity) by the variation in human eyes and more accurate extrapolation of data from relatively uncomplicated experimental models to the human eye will result in the development of even more effective ophthalmic vehicles designed for specific purposes and for particular drugs. PMID- 6998902 TI - Structures and fluids involved in the penetration of topically applied drugs. PMID- 6998905 TI - [Selection and interpretation of diagnostic parameters]. PMID- 6998904 TI - Methods of ophthalmic fluid delivery. PMID- 6998907 TI - [Blood clotting diagnosis with chromogenic substrates]. PMID- 6998909 TI - [Changes and structure modifications in the area of internal medicine]. PMID- 6998906 TI - [Value of CEA and serum glycoprotein findings in tumor diagnosis]. PMID- 6998908 TI - [The importance of HDL-cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6998910 TI - [Usefulness of the oral glucose tolerance test. The necessity of a reconsideration]. PMID- 6998912 TI - ["Rheumatology" as a partial specialty]. PMID- 6998911 TI - [The concept of modern syphilis serology]. PMID- 6998913 TI - On presentation of the Friedenwald Memorial Award in Ophthalmology to Arnall Patz. PMID- 6998914 TI - Remarks on the acceptance of the Friedenwald Memorial Award. PMID- 6998915 TI - Jonas S. Friedenwald, man of science. AB - Jonas S. Friedenwald, a quiet and modest person, was one of the most distinguished research scientists of his era. As a brilliant mathematician, physicist and chemist he applied these basic disciplines to his research studies in ophthalmology. His contributions encompassed the entire field of ophthalmic investigation ranging from his classic textbook on ophthalmic pathology to the development of the Friedenwald ophthalmoscope. His pioneer studies on the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the standardization of tonometers, enzyme chemistry, corneal wound healing, and diseases of the retina laid the groundwork for future generations of investigators. PMID- 6998916 TI - On presentation of the Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology to Bernard Becker. PMID- 6998917 TI - Remarks on acceptance of the Proctor Award. PMID- 6998918 TI - Selective growth of rabbit corneal epithelial cells in culture and basement membrane collagen synthesis. AB - Selective isolation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was achieved with a medium containing D-valine. Long-term cultures of the epithelial cells synthesize basement membrane-type pro-collagen doublet chains of 160,000 and 180,000 daltons and a higher-molecular-weight species at 280,000 daltons. Some of these components are disulfide-linked. These peptides gave rise to a single pepsin resistant collagen chain of approximate molecular size of 115,000 daltons. PMID- 6998920 TI - Genetics in the United States and Great Britain, 1890-1930: a review with speculations. PMID- 6998919 TI - Biological studies of a baculovirus in a mammalian cell line. AB - In two of five experiments, replication (TCID50) was observed following inoculation of Chinese hamster cells with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). Radiolabeling experiments employing tritiated thymidine consistently resulted in a labeled entity which banded in sucrose gradients at a density of 1.24-1.25 g/ml, similar to that observed for A. californica NPV in the permissive Trichoplusia ni cell line. The labeled entity is believed to be A. californica NPV, based on infectivity and serological data. The infectious center assay revealed that at an MOI of 3 only 0.38% of Chinese hamster cells was infected compared with 28% for cabbage looper cells. However, 4.2% of Chinese hamster cells was infected at an MOI of 41. PMID- 6998921 TI - One hundred fifth critical bibliography of the history of science and its cultural influences (to January 1980). PMID- 6998922 TI - Plasma trivalent chromium, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in juvenile- and adult-onset diabetes mellitus. AB - The relation between plasma trivalent chromium (Cr3+), glucose tolerance and insulin secretion was studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with juvenile or adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Cr3+ levels before and during the oral glucose tolerance test were not significantly different in the three groups, whereas glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were impaired in the diabetics. Our results indicate that plasma Cr3+ behavior does not reflect impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6998926 TI - HCMR interview: Sister Mary Madonna Ashton [by Montague Brown and Barbara P. McCool]. PMID- 6998924 TI - The Medicare section 223 schedule of limits: a continuing struggle. AB - HCFA has ignored the state of the art in establishing the methodology of the new schedule of limits. Its underlying decision to continue to group hospitals by bed size renders invalid an otherwise appropriate technique. PMID- 6998925 TI - Product-market differentiation: a strategic planning model for community hospitals. AB - Community hospitals would seem to have every reason to identify and capitalize on their product-market strengths. The strategic marketing/planning model provides a framework for rational analysis of the community hospital dilemma and for developing sensible solutions to the complex problems of accelerating hospital price-inflation. PMID- 6998923 TI - Experimental nephropathy induced in rabbits by immunization with Escherichia coli 055 lipopolysaccharide. 2. Immunologic findings. AB - Thirty-seven rabbits were immunized against lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis over a period of up to 16 months. The animals developed antibodies against rabbit renal glycoproteins and against bacterial polysaccharide; they also showed signs of kidney lesions. The immunoperoxidase test showed antibody and complement (C3) fixation on the periphery of glomeruli and tubules. Antibodies extracted from the kidneys of the immunized animals reacted with isologous and autologous renal glycoproteins, suggesting that the renal lesions were due to an immunologic response. The cross-reactivity between the bacterial lipopolysaccharide and the renal glycoproteins appears to be responsible for these lesions. PMID- 6998927 TI - A comparison of hospital and state agency efficiency in processing medicaid claims in Washington state. AB - The performance of the Washington State Medicaid agency in processing Medicaid claims was compared with that of hospital providers for one year. We found that the in-hospital processing time was approximately twice that of the Medicaid processing agency. In-agency processing time was found to be significantly related to the size and disposition of a claim, while in-hospital processing time showed a significant relation to hospital dependence on Medicaid reimbursement, the amount of the claim not allowed reimbursement by the Medicaid agency, hospital expense per admission, and the question whether the claim was submitted by the university hospitals. We concluded that lengthy turnaround time for Medicaid reimbursement of hospitals in Washington State was primarily related to hospital speed in submitting claims. PMID- 6998928 TI - Abnormal hemoglobins in Japan. PMID- 6998932 TI - A cosmetically predictable incisional closure. PMID- 6998931 TI - Massive homologous bone grafts for non-union fractures of the tibia. PMID- 6998929 TI - Histochemical and morphological characterization of migrating mast cells in the bovine gallbladder epithelium. AB - This paper reports the existence of granulated cells in the bovine gallbladder epithelium. The histochemical studies performed on these cells showed that their cytoplasmic granules contain heparin. Optical- and electron microscopic observations demonstrated that these mast cells migrated from the adjacent connective tissue, and crossed the basal membrane in order to enter the epithelium and reach the luminal surface. PMID- 6998930 TI - New aspects on factors determining the sensitivity of the formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical methods for monoamines. AB - The fluorophore and fluorescence yield from tryptamine and 3-methoxytyramine in histochemical protein models have been compared in the standard formaldehyde reaction, the acid-catalyzed formaldehyde reaction, the formaldehyde-ozone reaction, and the aluminum-formaldehyde reaction. In the standard formaldehyde reaction both the fluorophore and fluorescence yields are low. However, the other reactions give a dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity (18-20 times) from tryptamine and 3-methoxytyramine whereas only minor changes (up to 100% increase) in fluorophore yield are observed. It is concluded that the relative fluorescence intensity of each fluorophore molecule formed in the three modifications of the formaldehyde reaction is much higher than that of the molecules formed in the standard formaldehyde reaction. It has previously been demonstrated that the fluorophores formed from dopamine in the gaseous formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid reactions have a much higher (10 times) relative fluorescence intensity than the synthetic fluorophores. the prresent experiments show that if the histochemicl models are dissolved in buffer after the reaction and new models are made from this solution, the fluorescence intensity of the fluorophores formed in the reaction is drastically reduced and becomes comparable to that of the synthetic ones. The results of this and our previous studies indicate that hitherto unknown fluorescence enhancing mechanisms play a major role for the fluorescence yield, i.e. the sensitivity, in the various formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid methods. One possible explanation to the high relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorophores formed in the histochemical reactions could be an energy transfer between, e.g. the non-fluorescent intermediary reaction products (the tetrahydro derivatives) and the fluorophores (the dihydroisoquinolines and dihydro-beta carbolines). Such an energy transfer is probably attenuated in the dissolved models, where th distances betweenm and orientations of the various molecules have been changed. PMID- 6998933 TI - A randomized study of adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole and Corynebacterium parvum in operable non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 6998934 TI - Inoperable lung cancer treated by x-ray therapy and combination chemotherapy with CCNU, adriamycin and vinblastine (CAVe). PMID- 6998935 TI - Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6998936 TI - Postoperative radiation therapy in lung caner: a controlled trial after resection of curative design. PMID- 6998938 TI - Effect of sodium chloride on gentamicin accumulation by Escherichia coli: correlation with bacterial growth and viability. AB - The kinetics of gentamicin accumulation by a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli were investigated at gentamicin concentrations from 0.02 to 200 microgram/ml. Accumulation with time shows two energy-dependent phases and is saturable. Sodium chloride delays the onset of the second more rapid energy-dependent phase and decreases the magnitude of gentamicin accumulation for incubations up to 60 minutes at all gentamicin concentrations tested. Simultaneous determinations of accumulation, cell viability, and growth inhibition indicate that antimicrobial activity is correlated with the magnitude of gentamicin accumulation. These observations suggest that altered bacterial accumulation of gentamicin explains the effect of sodium chloride on the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin. PMID- 6998937 TI - Patterns of tumor recurrence after definitive irradiation for inoperable non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6998940 TI - Photographs tells more than meets the eye. PMID- 6998939 TI - The place of cephalosporins in antibacterial treatment of infectious diseases. PMID- 6998941 TI - Inducible N-acetyglucosamine-binding protein in yeasts. AB - Addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the medium elicits an immediate synthesis of a specific GlcNAc-binding protein in yeasts. Synthesis of this protein requires the continuous presence of GlcNAc as the inducer and is inhibited completely by the inhibitors of ribonucleic acid and protein syntheses. Furthermore, this protein has been partially purified from GlcNAc-grown Candida albicans cells and is quite distinct from the other induced enzymes of the GlcNAc catabolic pathway. A good correlation between the level of GlcNAc-binding protein and GlcNAc uptake capacity of the cells during induction was observed. Some of the sugars, e.g., N-acetylmannosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and glucose, had a similar competitive effect on the binding of GlcNAc as well as on its uptake. Furthermore, both the binding and uptake activities were sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents. PMID- 6998942 TI - Are growth rates of Escherichia coli in batch cultures limited by respiration? AB - Batch cultures of Escherichia coli were grown in minimal media supplemented with various carbon sources which supported growth at specific growth rates from 0.2 to 1.3/h. The respiration rates of the cultures were measured continuously. With few exceptions, the specific rate of oxygen consumption was about 20 mmol of O2/h per g (dry weight), suggesting that the respiratory capacity was limited at this value. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for the production of cell material from the different carbon sources was calculated on the basis of known ATP requirements in the biochemical pathways and routes of macromolecular synthesis. The calculated ATP requirements, together with the measured growth rates and growth yields on the different carbon sources, were used to calculate the rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. This rate was closely related to the respiration rate. We suggest that aerobic growth of E. coli in batch cultures is limited by the rate of respiration and the concomitant rate of ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6998943 TI - Hydrogenase activity in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata: relationship with nitrogenase activity. AB - Hydrogenase activity was found in cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata strain B10 cultured under a variety of growth conditions either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark. The highest activities were found routinely in cells grown in the presence of H2. The hydrogenase of R. capsulata was localized in the particulate fraction of the cells. High hydrogenase activities were usually observed in cells possessing an active nitrogenase. The hydrogen produced by the nitrogenase stimulated the activity of hydrogenase in growing cells. However, the synthesis of hydrogenase was not closely linked to the synthesis of nitrogenase. Hydrogenase was present in dark-grown cultures, whereas nitrogenase synthesis was not significant in the absence of light. Unlike nitrogenase, hydrogenase was present in cultures grown on NH4+. Conditions were established which allowed the synthesis of either nitrogenase or hydrogenase by resting cells. We concluded that hydrogenase can be synthesized independently of nitrogenase. PMID- 6998944 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of an R plasmid-encoded protein with properties resembling those of major cellular outer membrane proteins. AB - MRB, a major R222 plasmid-encoded protein previously described by us, is synthesized in large amounts in host Escherichia coli cells, where it is located principally in the outer membrane. Most of this protein is also bound to the peptidoglycan layer in a form which is trypsin resistant. Its monomeric molecular weight is about 29,000, but it is isolated from cell membranes in aggregate molecular weights of more than 100,000. These properties demonstrate a strong similarity between MRB and porins, major outer membrane proteins of host E. coli cells. They suggest that MRB may have an as-yet unidentified transport function, as do cellular outer membrane proteins with similar biochemical properties. By using antiserum specific for MRB, we demonstrated identity between MRB and the product of the traT gene, one of the surface exclusion proteins on the F plasmid. The synthesis of MRB was found to be constitutive, in contrast to other tra genes, which appear to be under more rigid regulation by the tra operon. These findings suggest that on R222 and other F-like R plasmids this protein has its own promoter. PMID- 6998946 TI - Acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli (adh) in which alcohol dehydrogenase is derepressed under aerobic conditions were also found to overproduce acetaldehyde coenzyme a dehydrogenase. However, acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase was induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde and subject to strong catabolite repression, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase was little affected by these conditions. Mutants no longer able to use ethanol as carbon source were isolated from an adh strain. Some of these mutants were revertants at the adh locus and no longer produced either alcohol dehydrogenase or acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Others, designated acd, were found to lack only acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The acd mutation was located at min 62 of the E. coli genetic map, the gene order being thyA-lysA-acd-serA-fda. Isolation of Tn10 insertions cotransducible with acd greatly simplified the mapping procedure. PMID- 6998947 TI - Further characterization of sfiA and sfiB mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - The sfiA and sfiB mutations, originally isolated in thermoresistant ultraviolet resistant revertants of a tif lon strain, also suppressed filamentation in tsl strains (mutated at the lexA locus). When deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was arrested, however, sfi-independent filamentation occurred. Other SOS functions were not affected by sfiA and sfiB mutations; in particular, ultraviolet-induced repair and mutagenesis of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid were normal, as was tsl tif-induced synthesis of recA protein. Genetic studies (i) established the identity of map location of the sfiA and sulA loci, (ii) showed that the two sfiB mutations are recessive, and (iii) showed that of six independent sfiA mutations, three are recessive and three are dominant. One sfiB strain was shown to have a 6% growth disadvantage relative to a sfi+ or sfiA strain. It is proposed that the sfiA locus may define the structural gene of a hypothetical inducible SOS associated division inhibitor. PMID- 6998948 TI - Cation coupling to melibiose transport in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Melibiose transport in Salmonella typhimurium was investigated. Radioactive melibiose was prepared and the melibiose transport system was characterized. Na+ and Li+ stimulated transport of melibiose by lowering the Km value without affecting the Vmax value; Km values were 0.50 mM in the absence of Na+ or Li+ and 0.12 mM in the presence of 10 mM NaCl or 10 mM LiCl. The Vmax value was 140 nmol/min per mg of protein. Melibiose was a much more effective substrate than methyl-beta-thiogalactoside. An Na+-melibiose cotransport mechanism was suggested by three types of experiments. First, the influx of Na+ induced by melibiose influx was observed with melibiose-induced cells. Second, the efflux of H+ induced by melibiose influx was observed only in the presence of Na+ or Li+, demonstrating the absence of H+-melibiose cotransport. Third, either an artificially imposed Na+ gradient or membrane potential could drive melibiose uptake in cells. Formation of an Na+ gradient in S. typhimurium was shown to be coupled to H+ by three methods. First, uncoupler-sensitive extrusion of Na+ was energized by respiration or glycolysis. Second, efflux of H+ induced by Na+ influx was detected. Third, a change in the pH gradient was elicited by imposing an Na+ gradient in energized membrane vesicles. Thus, it is concluded that the mechanism for Na+ extrusion is an Na+/H+ antiport. The Na+/H+ antiporter is a transformer which converts an electrochemical H+ gradient to an Na+ gradient, which then drives melibiose transport. Li+ was inhibitory for the growth of cells when melibiose was the sole carbon source, even though Li+ stimulated melibiose transport. This suggests that high intracellular Li+ may be harmful. PMID- 6998949 TI - Gene-product relationships of the nif regulon of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Products of nifV, M, A, and F of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been identified, and suggestive evidence exists for the assignment of products for nifS, U, and L. These assignments confirm previous descriptions of transcriptional polarity and suggest that existence of several more nif genes whose products are apparently not essential for nitrogen fixation under standard laboratory conditions of growth. Although the nifA product is essential for expression of other nif transcripts, it is not involved in the regulation of its own transcript, nifRLA. The stability of nif-encoded proteins under anaerobic conditions was examined in a variety of mutants, confirming previously reported protein-protein interactions and suggesting several new ones. The stability of nif-encoded proteins in ammonia was found to be comparable to that in ammonia-free conditions, whereas all nif gene products appeared to be labile in the presence of oxygen. PMID- 6998945 TI - Purification and partial characterization of neuraminidase from type III group B streptococci. AB - Extracellular neuraminidase from a type III fresh clinical isolate of a group B streptococcus was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, affinity chromatography of Affi-Gel blue, ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. These procedures yielded enzyme which was purified approximately 1,000-fold compared with the enzyme found in the original supernatant fluid. This type III streptococcal neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 125,000 as estimated by filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and approximately 106,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to the majority of other bacterial neuraminidases, the type III group B streptococcal enzyme had no effect on colominic acid or N-acetylneuramin-lactose; however, it was quite active on bovine submaxillary mucin. PMID- 6998950 TI - Morphogenesis of Candida albicans and cytoplasmic proteins associated with differences in morphology, strain, or temperature. AB - The extent of change in cytoplasmic proteins which accompanies yeast-to-mycelium morphogenesis of Candida albicans was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Pure cultures of yeasts and true hyphae (i.e., without concomitant production of pseudohyphae) were grown in a synthetic low-sulfate medium. The two strains selected for this study were strain 4918, which produces pure mycelial cultures in low-sulfate medium at 37 degrees C and yeast cells at 24 degrees C, and strain 2252, which produces yeast cells exclusively at both 24 and 37 degrees C in low-sulfate medium. The proteins of both strains were labeled at both temperatures with [35S]sulfate, cytoplasmic fractions were prepared by mechanical disruption and ultracentrifugation, and the labeled proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Highly reproducible protein spot patterns were obtained which defined hundreds of proteins in each extract. Ten protein spots were identified on the two-dimensional gels of the 4918 mycelial phase extract which were not present in the 4918 yeast-phase extract. These proteins appeared to be modifications of preexisting yeast-phase proteins rather than proteins synthesized de novo in the mycelial cells because 5 were absorbed by rabbit anti-yeast-phase immunoglobulin and each of the 10 was also present in extracts of strain 2252 grown at 24 and 37 degrees C, indicating that they were neither unique to filamentous cells nor sufficient for induction or maintenance of the mycelial morphology. Thirty-three proteins were identified in the 4918 yeast-phase extract which were not present in the 4918 mycelial-phase extract. Pulse-chase experiments revealed the synthesis of new proteins during yeast-to mycelial conversion, but none of these was unique to mycelial cells. No differences in the major cytoplasmic proteins of any of the yeast- or mycelial phase extracts were identified. This finding suggests that the major structural proteins of the cytoplasm are not extensively modified and argues instead that proteins unique to either phase may serve a regulatory function. PMID- 6998951 TI - Substrate specificity and transport properties of the glycerol facilitator of Escherichia coli. AB - The specificity of the glycerol facilitator (glpF) of Escherichia coli was studied with an osmotic method. This transport system allowed the entry of polyols (glycerol and erythritol), pentitols, and hexitols. The analogous sugars were not transported. However, urea, glycine, and DL-glyceraldehyde could use this pathway to enter the cell. The glpF protein allowed the rapid efflux of preequilibrated xylitol. Glycerol surprisingly did not inhibit the uptake of xylitol, and xylitol only slightly reduced the uptake of glycerol. The observation and the insensitivity of the xylitol transport to low temperature suggest that the facilitator behaves as a membrane channel. PMID- 6998953 TI - UGA suppressor that maps within a cluster of ribosomal protein genes. AB - A suppressor of UGA mutations (supU) maps near or within a cluster of ribosomal protein genes at 72 min on the Salmonella typhimurium genetic map. The suppressor is relatively inefficient, and its activity is abolished by rpsL (formerly strA) mutations. The suppressor is dominant to a wild-type supU allele. The map position of this suppressor suggests that it may owe its activity to an alteration of ribosome structure. PMID- 6998952 TI - Isolation and mapping of a mutation in Escherichia coli with altered levels of ribonuclease H. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli with altered levels of ribonuclease (RNase) H was isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. A procedure for assaying RNase H in partially purified extracts was used to screen approximately 1,500 colonies for variations in RNase H activity. Confirmation of a lower level of RNase H in the mutant was accomplished by analysis of RNase H in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. By Hfr, F', and P1 transduction mapping, the genetic locus responsible for the lower levels of RNase H was located at 5.1 min on the E. coli chromosome. This mutation (rnh) represents a new locus on the E. coli chromosome. The only phenotypic characteristic of this mutation which has been observed to date is the lower level of RNase H (30% of parental values). PMID- 6998954 TI - Identification of a novel genetic element in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Induction of the SOS repair processes of Escherichia coli K-12 caused a 14.4 kilobase species of circular deoxyribonucleic acid, called element e14, to be excised from the chromosome. To aid further characterization of this species, an 11.6-kilobase segment of e14 was inserted into the HindIII site of plasmid pBR313. To map e14 on the E. coli K-12 chromosome, the recombinant plasmid, pAG2, was used to transform a polA recipient, an event which required integration of pAG2 into the recipient chromosome. This recombinational event was dependent upon the region of homology between the incoming plasmid and the chromosome, as no transformants were scored when either a strain cured of the element was the recipient or pBR313 was the transforming deoxyribonucleic acid. Using these transformants, we have shown that e14 maps between the purB and pyrC loci near min 25. Several strains of E. coli K-12 were found to contain e14; however, one strain, Ymel trpA36, did not. In addition, e14 was found to be absent in both E. coli B/5 and E. coli C. The approach to mapping developed for this work could be used to map other fragments of E. coli deoxyribonucleic acid which have no known phenotype. PMID- 6998955 TI - Pattern of meso-dl-2,6-diaminopimelic acid incorporation during the division cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - The topography of meso-DL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid incorportion into the cell envelope of Escherichia coli W7 (doubling time, tau, = 70 min) has been studied by autoradiography. To follow the incorporation pattern during the division cycle, cells have been classified according to length and the silver grain distributions have been determined in the two cell halves. In particular, the question of equivalence (with respect to the grain distributions) of the two cell halves has been investigated statistically. The grain localizations have been determined separately for the left cell halves (highest number of grains) and right cell halves. The highest probability of finding grains was in the central area for cells of all length classes. In the longest cells (dividing or nondividing) incorporation occurred in the future septal regions of the prospective daughter cells. Autoradiography of tritiated thymidine-labeled cells indicated the presence of an atypical deoxyribonucleic acid replication cycle (at tau = 70 min). Initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication occurred during the latter part of the division cycle, and its termination occurred in the next cycle. PMID- 6998956 TI - Possible regulation of the Salmonella typhimurium histidine operon by adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase: large metabolic effects. AB - An effort to find growth conditions leading to conditional regulation of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium by the allosteric first enzyme of the pathway, adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.17), is reported. A strain deleting the enzyme, TR3343, behaved simply and predictably under all growth conditions, whereas histidine auxotrophs containing active enzyme behaved in complicated ways dependent upon the location of the histidine pathway lesion. hisE strains derepressed the operon only one-half as much as TR3343 when grown on limiting histidine and a poor carbon source, but they also grew more slowly, probably as a result of high N1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl) adenosine triphosphate levels in the cell. hisC strains exhibited oscillatory growth behavior and oscillatory histidine operon expression when grown on intermediate concentrations of the histidine precursor histidinol. This behavior probably was caused by synergistic in-phase variations in the histidine, purine nucleotide, and ppGpp pools of the cell. All of the growth and histidine operon expression effects associated with the presence of adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase could be assigned to metabolic perturbation of the cell caused by unregulated enzymatic activity. PMID- 6998957 TI - Characterization of two genetically separable inorganic phosphate transport systems in Escherichia coli. AB - Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport by wild-type cells of Escherichia coli grown in excess phosphate-containing media involves two genetically separable transport systems. Cells dependent upon the high affinity-low velocity Pst (phosphate specific transport) system have a Km of 0.43 +/- 0.2 microM Pi and a Vmax of 15.9 +/- 0.3 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1) and will grow in the presence of arsenate in the medium. However, cells dependent upon the low affinity-high velocity Pit (Pi transport) system have a Km of 38.2 +/- 0.4 microM and a Vmax of 55 +/- 1.9 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1), and these cells cannot grow in the presence of an arsenate-to-Pi ratio of 10 in the medium. Pi transport by both systems was sensitive to the energy uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide, whereas only the Pst system was very sensitive to sodium cyanide. Evidence is presented that Pi is transported as Pi or a very labile intermediate and that accumulated Pi does not exit through the Pst or Pit systems from glucose-grown cells. Kinetic analysis of Pi transport in the wild-type strain containing both the Pst and Pit transport systems revealed that each system was not operating at full capacity. In addition, Pi transport in the wild-type strain was completely sensitive to sodium cyanide (a characteristic of the Pst system). PMID- 6998958 TI - Genetic and biochemical studies of transport systems for branched-chain amino acids in Escherichia coli K-12: isolation and properties of mutants defective in leucine-repressible transport activities. AB - The characteristics of a mutant (hrbA) of Escherichia coli K-12 that is defective in a leucine-nonrepressible transport system, the LIV-3 system, for branched chain amino acids were described previously (I. Yamato et al., J. Bacteriol 138:24-32, 1979). New mutants requiring a high concentration of isoleucine for growth were isolated from strain B763 (hrbA ileA) after mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. These mutants had a defect of the leucine-repressible transport activities for branched-chain amino acids of the parental strain. One of these mutants, strain B7634, had defects of two independent genetic loci (hrbBC and hrbD). The genes hrbBC were mapped at min 76 near malT, and the gene hrbD mapped at min 77 near xyl on the E. coli genetic map. The substrate specificity, kinetic properties, and source of coupling energy of the transport system coded for by each of these genes were studied using cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and intact cells. The results identified three transport systems with characteristic features other than the LIV-3 system. The hrbB and hrbC systems are responsible for the uptake activites of the LIV-2 system, with a high Km value, and the LIV-1 system, with a low Km value, respectively. Both activities are repressed by leucine and inhibited by threonine and the b(--) isomer of 2 aminobicycloheptyl-2-carboxylic acid. They both utilize adenosine 5'-triphosphate as coupling energy and are not detected in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles. The hrbD system is responsible for the LIV-4 system, with a high Km value. Its activity is repressed by leucine and partially inhibited by threonine. It is detected in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles with a proton motive force as the driving energy. PMID- 6998960 TI - Comparison of the polypeptide composition of Escherichia coli outer membranes prepared by two methods. AB - Escherichia coli outer membranes were prepared by centrifugation to equilibrium in sucrose gradients and then treated with Sarkosyl in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The polypeptide profiles of the two outer membrane preparations were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns obtained were not identical, and Sarkosyl removed several minor proteins from the outer membrane. PMID- 6998961 TI - Identification of new genes in a cell envelope-cell division gene cluster of Escherichia coli: cell division gene ftsQ. AB - We report the identification, cloning, and mapping of a new cell division gene, ftsQ. This gene formed part of a cluster of three division genes (in the order ftsQ ftsA ftsZ) which itself formed part of a larger cluster of at least 10 genes, all of which were involved in some step in cell division, cell envelope synthesis, or both. The ftsQAZ group was transcribed from at least two independent promoters. PMID- 6998959 TI - Effect of arsenate on inorganic phosphate transport in Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of arsenate on strains dependent on the two major inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport systems in Escherichia coli was examined in cells grown in 1 mM phosphate medium. The development of arsenate-resistant Pi uptake in a strain dependent upon the Pst (phosphate specific transport) system was examined. The growth rate of Pst-dependent cells in arsenate-containing medium was a function of the arsenate-to-Pi ratio. Growth in arsenate-containing medium was not due to detoxification of the arsenate. Kinetic studies revealed that cells grown with a 10-fold excess of arsenate to Pi have almost a twofold increase in capacity (Vmax) for Pi, but maintained the same affinity (Km). Pi accumulation in the Pst dependent strain was still sensitive to changes in the arsenate-to-Pi ratio, and a Ki (arsenate) for Pi transport of 39 microM arsenate was determined. The Pst dependent strain did not accumulate radioactive arsenate, and showed only a transient decrease in intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels after arsenate was added to the medium. The Pi transport-dependent strain ceased growth in arsenate-containing media. This strain accumulated 74As-arsenate, and intracellular adenosine triphosphate pools were almost completely depleted after the addition of arsenate to the medium. Arsenate accumulation required a metabolizable energy source and was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Previously accumulated arsenate could exchange with arsenate or Pi in the medium. PMID- 6998962 TI - Identification of new genes in a cell envelope-cell division gene cluster of Escherichia coli: cell envelope gene murG. AB - We report the identification, cloning, and mapping of a new cell envelope gene, murG. This lies in a group of five genes of similar phenotype (in the order murE murF murG murC ddl) all concerned with peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This group is in a larger cluster of at least 10 genes, all of which are involved in some way with cell envelope growth. PMID- 6998964 TI - Two different species of murein transglycosylase in Escherichia coli. AB - We demonstrated that Escherichia coli murein transglycosylase exists in two forms. After mechanical disruption of the cells, one form was found in the soluble fraction and the other, in the cell envelope. The two enzymes differed with respect to molecular weight, isoelectric point, solubility in aqueous buffers, and to some extent in their requirements for maximal catalytic activity. The molecular weight of the membrane-bound transglycosylase (35,000) was half that of the soluble enzyme. Whether the high-molecular-weight soluble protein is a precursor of the membrane-bound enzyme species remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6998966 TI - Improved method for conjugative transfer by filter mating of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The frequency of conjugation during filter mating of pneumococcus was increased 10- to 100-fold when the filter was embedded in agar during incubation instead of being on the surface. The major effect was not due to protection from oxygen. The factor of increase was similar for transfer of plasmids and of chromosomal insertions of drug resistance elements. PMID- 6998963 TI - Nucleotide sequence homology between the heat-labile enterotoxin gene of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Isolated deoxyribonucleic acid fragments encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli were used to probe for homologous sequences in restricted whole cell deoxyribonucleic acid from Vibrio cholerae. Significant sequence homology between the heat-labile enterotoxin gene and V. cholerae deoxyribonucleic acid was demonstrated, and apparent differences were observed in the organization of the cholera toxin gene among different strains of V. cholerae. PMID- 6998965 TI - Incorporation of acyl moieties of phospholipids into murein lipoprotein in intact cells of Escherichia coli by phospholipid vesicle fusion. AB - The biosynthesis of the acyl moieties in murein lipoprotein was studied by fusion of [3H]palmitate-labeled phospholipid vesicles with intact cells of an fadD mutant of Escherichia coli. A linear increase in the incorporation of [3H]palmitate radioactivity into both the ester- and amide-linked fatty acids in lipoprotein was observed during a 3-h chase after the fusion. Addition of chloramphenicol completely prevented the incorporation of [3H]palmitate from phospholipids to lipoprotein. These results strongly support our hypothesis that the acyl moieties in phospholipids are the precursors for the fatty acids in murein lipoprotein of E. coli. Among the major glycerophosphatides in E. coli, no specificity was observed regarding the efficacy of the donor. PMID- 6998967 TI - The positional distribution of fatty acids in Escherichia coli phospholipids is not regulated by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate levels. AB - Large changes in the intracellular concentration of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate had no effect on the acyl chain distribution of the phospholipids of Escherichia coli. This result directly contradicts the prediction by other workers based on in vitro experiments. PMID- 6998968 TI - Synthesis and secretion of hemolysin by Escherichia coli. AB - Hemolytic Escherichia coli cells were found to synthesize and secrete significant amounts of hemolysin into a mineral salt-glucose medium containing hemoglobin. The release of de novo-synthesized hemolysin was stopped in the presence of energy metabolism inhibitors such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide, or potassium cyanide, resulting in an accumulation of intracellular hemolysin. A similar effect was observed in the presence of procaine, a neuroactive drug which inhibits the processing of exoproteins. Small amounts of hemolysin were secreted into the medium within approximately 10 min of inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol. This represented the final release of preformed periplasmic hemolysin en route to secretion through the outer membrane and was not caused by adsorption of external hemolysin to the cell surface. This secretion was not energy dependent but was inhibited above pH 8 and at low temperatures (10 to 20 degrees C). We concluded that two transport processes are involved in hemolysin secretion. De novo-synthesized hemolysin is extruded by an energy-dependent process through the cytoplasmic membrane and probably requires processing. In the periplasmic space a small internal pool of preformed hemolysin is accumulated temporarily before being transported through the outer membrane. Release of hemolysin through the outer membrane does not require energy or de novo protein synthesis. PMID- 6998969 TI - Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 chromosomal mutants defective in expression of F-plasmid functions: identification of genes cpxA and cpxB. AB - Two temperature-sensitive, chromosomal mutants of Escherichia coli were selected for their inability to express deoxyribonucleic acid donor activity and other activities associated with the conjugative plasmid F. These mutants were also auxotrophic for isoleucine and valine at 41 degrees C. Each mutant strain contained two altered genes: cpxA, located at 88 min on the E. coli K-12 genetic map, and cpxB, located at 41 min. Mutations in both genes were required for maximal expression of mutant phenotypes. The parent strain of mutants KN401 and KN312 already contained the cpxB mutation that is present in both mutants (cpxB1). This mutation by itself was cryptic. The cpxA mutations represent different mutant alleles since they are of independent origin. A cpxA mutation by itself significantly affected the expression of plasmid functions and growth at 41 degrees C in the absence of isoleucine and valine, but strains containing both a cpxA and cpxB mutation were more severely affected. Along with the observation that both cpxA mutations were revertable, the temperature sensitivity of cpxA cpxB+ cells suggests that both cpxA alleles contain point mutations that do not completely destroy the activity of the cpxA gene product. PMID- 6998970 TI - Mutations in genes cpxA and cpxB of Escherichia coli K-12 cause a defect in isoleucine and valine syntheses. AB - Mutations in two chromosomal genes of Escherichia coli, cpxA and cpxB, produced a temperature-sensitive growth defect that was remedied specifically by the addition of isoleucine and valine to the minimal medium. This auxotrophy was manifested only when the medium contained exogenous leucine, suggesting that mutant cells fail to elaborate active acetohydroxy acid synthase, isozyme I. In the presence of leucine, this enzyme was required to catalyze the first reaction common to the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. Measurements of enzyme activity in crude extracts showed that mutant cells were seven- to eightfold deficient in active isozyme I when the cells were grown in the presence of leucine. When grown in the absence of leucine, mutant cells contained more acetohydroxy acid synthase activity. We attribute this activity to isozyme III, the product of the ilvHI genes, which are derepressed in the absence of exogenous leucine. The cpxA and cpxB mutations appear to affect the production of active isozyme I, rather than its activity, since (i) neither the cpxA nor the cpxB gene mapped near the structural gene for isozyme I (ilvB), (ii) the growth of mutant cells shifted from the permissive (34 degrees C) to the nonpermissive (41 degrees C) temperature did not immediately cease, but declined gradually over a period corresponding to several normal generation times, and (iii) the enzyme from mutant cells grown at 34 degrees C was as stable at 41 degrees C as the enzyme from cpx+ cells. PMID- 6998971 TI - Methyl-alpha-maltoside and 5-thiomaltose: analogs transported by the Escherichia coli maltose transport system. AB - Neither methyl-alpha-maltoside nor 5-thiomaltose is utilized by Escherichia coli as a sole carbon source. Both are, however, effective competitive inhibitors of maltose transport into the bacterium (Km for maltose, 0.8 microM, Ki for methyl alpha-maltoside, 5.5 microM; Ki for 5-thiomaltose, 0.2 microM). Both analogs are bound by the periplasmic maltose-binding protein. Methyl-alpha-[14C]maltoside and 5-[3H]thiomaltose were both accumulated inside E. coli. Methyl-alpha-maltoside was unchanged after accumulation, but 5-thiomaltose was converted to an unidentified compound that could exit from the bacterium. Both analogs were inhibitory to the growth of E. coli, but only when the bacteria were previously induced for the maltose transport system. The analogs are substrates for but poor inducers of the maltose transport system. PMID- 6998972 TI - Fluctuation in polyadenylate size and content in exponential- and stationary phase cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Stationary-phase cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to have a reduced polyadenylate [poly(A)] content as compared with exponential-phase cells. A sizing procedure for poly(A) was devised to distinguish between alternative hypotheses to explain this reduction. Two major size classes of poly(A) were found. The decreased representation of the larger of the two classes accounted for the majority of the poly(A) loss. The remainder of the loss was accounted for by fewer poly(A)-containing sequences. The smaller of the two poly(A) classes was apparently not of mitochondrial origin and may be added transcriptionally. PMID- 6998973 TI - Impaired incision of ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid in uvrC mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The production of single-strand breaks in the deoxyribonucleic acid of irradiated uvrC mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 was studied both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, uvrC mutants displayed a slow accumulation of breaks after irradiation, and in this respect appeared different from uvrA mutants, in which very few breaks could be detected. The breakage observed in uvrC mutants differed from that observed in wild-type strains in both the slow rate of break accumulation and the very limited dose response. The behavior of the uvrC lig-7(Ts) double mutant was shown not to be consistent with the suggestion of ligase reversal as the explanation for the lower rate and limited dose response of break formation observed in ultraviolet-irradiated uvrC mutants in vivo. Rather, there appeared to be a real defect in incision. In toluene-treated cells, we studied the effect of the ligase inhibitor nicotinamide mononucleotide on strand incision. Whereas uvrC mutants displayed more strand breakage in the presence of this inhibitor, the same amount of breakage was seen in uvrA mutants, and as such the breakage could be judged as not due to the main excision repair pathway. Experiments using a cell-free system comprising the partially purified uvr+ gene products demonstrated clearly that there is a requirement for the uvrC+ gene product for strand incision. We suggest that in vivo in the absence of the uvrC+ gene product, a partial analog of this protein may allow some abnormal incision. PMID- 6998974 TI - Two opposite effects of ATP on the chymotryptic cleavages in smooth muscle myosin head. Determination of cleavable points and their characterization. AB - The locations of ATP-induced structural change in gizzard myosin were examined by analyzing the changes in the chymotryptic fragmentation pattern. From the time course of fragmentation, and by fractionation of the produced fragments and detection of the masked amino terminal fragment, the original positions of the six different fragments in the parent myosin molecule were assigned. A reconstituted model of myosin based on the above assignment showed the presence of three cleavable sites in the heavy chain of myosin. ATP accelerated the cleavage at site 1, 5 K daltons from the masked amino terminus, while it inhibited cleavage at site 2, 71 K daltons from the N terminus. These opposite effects of ATP on sites 1 and 2 were remarkable, but ATP had no significant effect on cleavage at site 3, 100 K daltons from the carboxyl terminus. These results indicate that two distant regions in the myosin head, 66 K daltons apart in the primary sequence, were exposed or buried with the progress of the ATPase reaction. In addition, prolonged chymotryptic digestion failed to produce any subfragment-1, irrespective of the presence or absence of divalent cations in the digestion medium, but produced a protease-resistant and relatively long (100 K daltons) light meromyosin. This suggests a distinctive feature of the neck and hinge regions in gizzard myosin. PMID- 6998977 TI - Acid denaturation steps of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. A proton magnetic resonance study of individual histidine environment. AB - Resonance positions and intensities of the C(2) protons of histidyl residues (His 43 His 106) were followed in the NMR spectrum of a protein, Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (MW 23,000), in the pH range 2-9 at 30 degrees C, in order to clarify the microenvironment of the individual histidyl residues and the acid denaturation processes of the protein. The large difference in the 1H-2H exchange rate between the C(2) protons of the two histidyl residues indicates that, whereas His 106 is well exposed to the solvent, His 43 is highly shielded from the solvent. Protonation of His 106 occurs in the pH range 5-9, giving a pKa of 6.0 +/- 0.1. In contrast, His 43 can not be protonated in the native conformation, but is protonation occurs simultaneously with the acid denaturation of the protein in a narrow pH range 2.7-3.6, with pHmid of transition at 3.25. On the other hand, the denaturation of the His 106 environment starts at pH 5.0 and finishes at pH 2.7 with pHmid of transition at 3.7. The denaturation transitions are reversible with pH for both His 43 and His 106, but the rates of these transitions are slow (less than 25 s-1). The Hill coefficient for the His 106 transition was found to be 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the pH range 3.5-5.0, but to be distinctively larger than unity below pH 3.5. On the other hand, the Hill coefficient for the His 43 transition was found to be 4.4 +/- 0.6 for the whole range of transition (pH 2.7-3.6). These results combined with available information about the crystal structure lead us to conclude that the transition of His 106 in the pH range 3.5-5.0 represents a local denaturation caused by the protonation of one neighboring residue, probably Glu 102, whereas the transition of His 43 occurs as a result of cooperative protonation of several residues probably including Phe 113 and Asp 52, and is a denaturation step accompanied by the destruction of the major hydrophobic core. PMID- 6998979 TI - Ultrastructural alteration of rat cardiac myofibrils caused by a myosin-cleaving protease. AB - Incubation of rat cardiac myofibrils with a myosin-cleaving protease in the presence of EDTA at 25 degrees C caused removal of Z- and M-lines, accompanied by myofibril fragmentation. When rat cardiac muscle I-Z-I brushes were subjected to proteolysis, the protein. Ca2+ was not required for the ultrastructural alterations of myofibrils caused by the protease action. PMID- 6998975 TI - Augmentation of glycogen synthesis under stringent control in Escherichia coli. AB - When Escherichia coli strain CP78 (rel+) was starved for isoleucine by the addition of valine, the amount of glucose in polymeric form in the cells increased markedly compared to that of the control cells. In contrast, this phenomenon was not seen in strain CP79 (rel-). The increase in CP78 was shown to be due to the increase of glycogen. These results indicate that glycogen synthesis was augmented under stringent control. This was confirmed using other isogenic pairs of rel+ and rel- strains starved for other amino acids. When the cultivation temperature of strains 10B601 (rel+) and 10B602 (rel-) possessing temperature-sensitive valyl-tRNA synthetase was shifted from 30 degrees C to 40 degrees C, no difference was observed in the response of glycogen synthesis between the two strains. These results indicate that protein synthesis was necessary for the augmentation of glycogen synthesis and that guanosine 5' diphosphate 3'-diphosphate did not exert its effect through stimulation of the activity of pre-existing enzyme(s) involved in glycogen synthesis. These conclusions were supported by the results of experiments using chloramphenicol and rifampicin. The rates of glucose utilization of CP78 and CP79 were decreased to nearly the same extent by valine addition. This suggests that the regulation site of glycogen synthesis under stringent control resides in a step after the transport of glucose by the phosphotransferase system. PMID- 6998978 TI - Studies on the Enzymatic reduction of C-nitroso compounds. II. Multiple forms of liver C-nitrosoreductase and the identity with alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Investigations were made of the multiplicity of the major C-nitrosoreductase in porcine liver cytosol catalyzing NADH-dependent reduction of p-nitrosophenol (p NSP) to p-aminophenol (P-AmP). A partially purified preparation prepared by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration with Sephadex G-100, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 showed two or more apparent Km values for p-NSP and also for NADH. This preparation could be resolved into at least four subfractions having different Km values by affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP-Sepharose, Even a more purified preparation, which was obtained from the Sephadex G-100 gel filtrate by affinity chromatography followed by ion-exchange chromatography, could be resolved into multiple subfractions by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. All nitrosoreductase subfractions extracted from the polyacrylamide gel showed NADH-aldehyde reductase (alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1]) activity and, except for a few minor subfractions, the two activities were in parallel. A commercially supplied, crystalline preparation of equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase also showed a similar multiplicity and the multiple subfractions had the both enzymatic activities, although the pattern of isoelectric focusing was different from those of the porcine liver preparations. Different heat inactivation curves were observed with various preparations, but in each preparation the curve for nitrosoreductase activity always agreed with that for aldehyde reductase activity. The nitrosoreductase preparations and the alcohol dehydrogenase preparation showed very similar pH-activity curves in catalyzing NADH-dependent reduction of p-NSP. Furthermore, ethanol inhibited the NADH-p-NSP reductase reaction competitively and p-AmP inhibited the NADH-aldehyde reductase reaction competitively. These results clearly indicate that the major C nitrosoreductase in porcine liver was present in multiple forms having different Km values and the enzyme was identical with liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6998976 TI - Cathepsins D from rhesus monkey lung. Purification and characterization. AB - Two types of cathepsin D (cathepsins D-I and D-II) were purified from rhesus monkey lung to homogeneity as judged from disc gel electrophoresis. Cathepsin D-I was purified about 2,000-fold with a 5.1% yield while cathepsin D-II was purified about 2,300-fold with a 14.3% yield. Both cathepsins D were rich in the lysosome fraction of the lung, but appeared to be present in part extracellularly. Both showed a molecular weight of about 35,000 on Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and about 41,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cathepsin D-I showed the maximal activity on bovine hemoglobin and albumin at pH 3.4 and 4.0, respectively. It was most stable in the pH range of 5 to 7, but was rather unstable outside this pH range. Cathepsin D-II was quite similar in properties to that from Japanese monkey lung (Moriyama, A. & Takahashi, K. (1978) J. Biochem. 83, 441-451), and was remarkably stable in the pH range of 1-9. Under the conditions used, it retained at least 80% of the original activity when incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 h in this pH range. This stability seems to allow cathepsin D-II to be fairly active even at pH 1.0. Both cathepsins D acted on protein substrates fairly similarly and hydrolyzed hemoglobin most rapidly among the proteins tested. They did not hydrolyze N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-3,5 diiodotyrosine. Upon incubation with the oxidized B-chain of insulin, both cathepsins D hydrolyzed the Ala-Leu, Leu-Tyr, Tyr-Leu, Phe-Phe, and Phe-Tyr bonds at both pH 3.0 and 5.0. In addition, cathepsin D-II hydrolyzed the Leu-Val and Tyr-Thr bonds at pH 3.0 and the Val-Asn bond at pH 5.0. Both cathepsins D were inactivated by acid protease-specific inhibitors such as pepstatin, 1,2-epoxy-3 (p-nitrophenoxy)propane, p-bromophenacyl bromide, and diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester, although cathepsin D-II was much less susceptible to these reagents except p-bromophenacyl bromide. PMID- 6998980 TI - Connectin, an elastic protein of muscle. A connectin-like protein from the plasmodium Physarum polycephalum. AB - A completely sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble protein was obtained from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. The amino acid composition of this protein was very similar to that of connectin, an elastic protein of muscle. When the protein suspension was treated with 6 M guanidine-HCl in the presence of 0.1 M 2 mercaptoethanol, entanglements of very thin filaments, less than 5 nm in width, were observed under an electron microscope. Since the network structure is almost the same as that of isolated muscle connectin, this plasmodium protein can be regarded as forming an elastic net structure. Using an antiserum against the insoluble protein, it appeared to be located at the peripheral region of the plasmodium. This elastic net structure may act as a cytoskeleton at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasmodium cell membrane. PMID- 6998981 TI - Our experience of surgery for innominate and subclavian lesions. AB - Since 1965 we have performed 67 operations to correct a subclavian steal-syndrom. Mortality after transthoracic correction in 30 patients was 6.7%, but we lost no patient after 37 extrathoracic reconstructions. The long-term results in these reconstructive procedures were excellent with a patency of 94.7% from the forth through the fifth year after transthoracic approach. Over 90% of the patients were asymptomatic or improved. PMID- 6998983 TI - Prefracture and cold-fracture images of yeast plasma membranes. AB - Fracture-temperature related differences in the ultrastructure of plasmalemma P faces of freeze-fractured baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been observed in high-resolution replicas prepared in freeze-etch systems pumped to 2 X 10(-7) torr in which the specimens were protected from contamination by use of liquid nitrogen-cooled shrouds. Two major P-face images were observed regardless of the source of the yeast, the age of the culture, the growth temperature, the physiological condition, or the suspending medium used: (a) a "cold-fracture image" with many strands closely associuated with tubelike particles (essentially the same image as those previously published for yeast freeze-fractured at 77 degrees K), and (b) a "prefracture image" characterized by the presence of more distinct tubelike particles with few or no associated strands (for aging cultures, the image recently referred to as "paracrystalline arrays" of "craterlike particles"). Both types of P-face image can be found in separate areas of single replicas and occasionally even within a single plasma membrane. Whereas portions of replicas known to be fractured at any temperature colder than 218 degrees K reveal only the cold-fracture image, prefracture images are found in cells intentionally fractured at 243 degrees K and in cracks or fissures which develop during the freezing of other specimens. These findings demonstrate that the prefracture image results from the fracturing of specimens at some temperature above 230 degrees K, no t from fracturing specimens at some temperature between 173 degrees and 77 degrees K, and not from the use of "starved" yeast cells. PMID- 6998982 TI - Association of creatine phosphokinase with the cytoskeleton of cultured mammalian cells. AB - Using an antibody specific for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), we have discovered an association between that enzyme and the cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence observations show that CPK is associated with intermediate filaments in PTK cells and BALB/3T3 cells. The CPK distribution also follows intermediate filaments when cells are treated with colchicine. PMID- 6998984 TI - Localized secretion of acid phosphatase reflects the pattern of cell surface growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Secretion of cell wall-bound acid phosphatase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs along a restricted portion of the cell surface. Acid phosphatase activity produced during derepressed synthesis on a phosphate-limited growth medium is detected with an enzyme-specific stain and is localized initially to the bud portion of a dividing cell. After two to three generations of phosphate-limited growth, most of the cells can be stained; if further phosphatase synthesis is repressed by growth in excess phosphate, dividing cells are produced in which the parent but not the bud can be stained. Budding growth is interrupted in alpha mating-type cells by a pheromone (alpha-factor) secreted by the opposite mating type; cell surface growth continues in the presence of alpha-factor and produces a characteristic cell tip. When acid phosphatase synthesis is initiated during alpha-factor treatment, only the cell tip can br stained; when phosphate synthesis is repressed during alpha-factor treatment, the cell body but not the tip can be stained. A mixture of derepressed alpha cells and phosphatase-negative alpha cells form zygotes in which mainly one parent cell surface can be stained. The cell cycle mutant, cdc 24 (Hartwell, L.H. 1971. Exp. Cell Res. 69:265-276), fails to bud and, instead, expands symmetrically as a sphere at a nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees C). This mutant does not form a cell tip during alpha factor treatment at 37 degrees C, and although acid phosphatade secretion occurs at this temperature, it is not localized. These results suggest that secretion reflects a polar mode of yeast cell- surface growth, and that this organization requires the cdc 24 gene product. PMID- 6998986 TI - Fimbrin, a new microfilament-associated protein present in microvilli and other cell surface structures. AB - A 68,000 mol wt polypeptide has been identified as one of the few major proteins in the microfilament bundles of the microvilli present on intestinal epithelial cells. Antibodies against the purified protein have been used in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on several cultured cells. The protein have been used in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on several cultured cells. The protein is found particularly prominent in membrane ruffles, microspikes, and microvilli. PMID- 6998985 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of the proteins of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. AB - Antibodies were raised in chickens against heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) binding proteins from 30S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of mouse Taper hepatoma ascites cell nuclei. The antibody preparations were characterized for immunological specificity and purity by double-diffusion gels, binding to specific bands in SDS polyacrylamide gels, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Antibodies raised against either whole 30S RNP complexes or purified RNP core proteins had a strong selective affinity for the four 34,000- to 40,000-dalton polypeptides which comprise the major structural proteins of hnRNP. The intracellular distribution of 30S RNP antigens in mouse ascites cells was determined by indirect immunofluorescence microsacopy. In interphase cells immunofluorescent sites were restricted to the nucleus, and nucleoli were free of fluorescence. The chicken anti-mouse-RNP antibodies were also able to react with cells from many different vertebrate species, showing a similar nucleus restricted localization of the reacting sites. The antibodies also bound chick 30S RNP-proteins and reacted with the nuclei of chick cells. An exception to this was the failure of the antibody to bind to adult chick erythrocytes, suggesting that these major hnRNA binding proteins may be found only in nuclei capable of RNA synthesis. PMID- 6998987 TI - Studies of fibronectin matrices in living cells with fluoresceinated gelatin. AB - We have used fluorescein isosthiocyanate-conjugated gelatin (FITC-gelatin) (1 mg/ml) to localize cell surface fibronectin in unfixed live cells in cultures. FITC-gelatin stains the fibronectin matrix on primary cultures of rat and chick embryo fibroblasts as well as untransformed, established cell lines. In live cultured cells, fibronectin in many areas of the extracellular matrix is inaccessible to antibody and cannot be visualized by immunofluorescence staining. In contrast, fibronectin in these areas is fully stainable by FITC-gelatin. At a low concentration (20 micrograms/ml), FITC-gelatin stains the fibronectin matrix of primary cultured cells but not of "untransformed" established cell lines. SEM can detect only the matrix stainable with the low concentration of FITC-gelatin, such as that expressed by primary chick embryo fibroblasts. The binding of fibronectin to the extracellular matrix is very stable and FITC-gelatin remained bound to the matrix for at least 10 d in culture. Radioiodinated gelatin has been used to quantitate the level of cell surface fibronectin in living normal and transformed cells. FITC-gelatin appears to be a useful probe for studying the fibronectin of living cells in culture. PMID- 6998988 TI - Filamin concentration in cleavage furrow and midbody region: frequency of occurrence compared with that of alpha-actinin and myosin. AB - Affinity-purified rabbit antibody to purified chicken gizzard filamin was used in indirect immunofluorescence to localize filamin in dividing chick embryo cells. The antibody was shown to bind only chick embryo cell filamin when whole cell extracts were analyzed by the sensitive sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis overlay technique described by Adair et al. (1978, J. Cell Biol. 790:281-285). The results show that filamin is located in stress fibers and membrane ruffles during interphase. As cells prophase, the condensing chromosomes are surrounded by diffuse antifilamin staining. No stress fibers are apparent. During metaphase and anaphase, the staining is bright but diffuse. There is often peripheral membrane staining. Filamin is not concentrated in the spindle region but neither is it excluded from the spindle. During cytokinesis, filamin is found highly concentrated in the cleavage furrow in 16 out of 100 cells examined. This frequency of concentration in the furrow is comparable to that observed for alpha actinin (14%). Myosin concentration in the furrow is more frequent; it is observed in 37% of the cells examined. Neither myosin, alpha-actinin, nor filamin is observed concentrated in the furrow 100% of the time. We conclude that the results are consistent with, but not sufficient to prove, the hypothesis that alpha-actinin and filamin are essential components of the mechanism of cytokinesis. PMID- 6998989 TI - Localization of cytoplasmic and skeletal myosins in developing muscle cells by double-label immunofluorescence. AB - Antibodies to a cytoplasmic myosin, rat lymphoma myosin, and to rat skeletal myosin were prepared in rabbits and shown to be specific for their corresponding antigens. The two antibodies did not cross-react. The skeletal myosin antibody was directly labeled with rhodamine, and the cytoplasmic myosin antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence with fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibody. The two antibodies were used to examine developing rat muscle cultures for the presence and location of the antigens. The antibody to cytoplasmic myosin reacted with multinucleated myotubes and with all the mononucleated cells in the culture. The antibody to skeletal myosin reacted with myotubes and with a small fraction of the mononucleated cells. In the myotubes, the cytoplasmic myosin appeared to be localized primarily in two structures: fine stress fibers, often visible also by phase microscopy and present predominantly in the ends of the cells, and in a submembranous rim all along the cell's border. In addition, a diffuse fluorescence within the cells was observed. The skeletal myosin was localized in the central part of the myotubes in sarcomeres or in fibers without periodicities and was excluded from the ends of the myotubes. When the same cells were doubly stained with the two antibodies, the complementary distribution of the two isozymes was very clear. There was also a narrow region of overlap of staining, with cytoplasmic myosin present in some stress fibers that appeared to be continuous with fibrous elements containing skeletal myosin. Myotubes that rounded up with cytochalasin B or with trypsin displayed a diffuse distribution of both isozymes. When these cells were allowed to respread into extended configurations, the location of the two myosins were essentially the same as in untreated cells. The ability of myotubes to adhere to the surface and to move in culture may be related to the presence of cytoplasmic myosin. Our results show that in myotubes and myoblasts the two isozymes differ sufficiently to be localized in distinct regions of the cell and to be sorted out into different structures, even after the cytoplasmic contents have been reshuffled. The cell can, by some unknown mechanism, distinguish the two myosins. PMID- 6998991 TI - Variations in the distribution and migration of centriole duplexes in mitotic PtK2 cells studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - The localization and migration of centriole duplexes have been studied in PtK2 cells by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using specific tubulin antibodies. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the immunofluorescence technique to quantitate studies of centriole migration and concomitant events such as cytoplasmic microtubule breakdown in large populations of cells. Centriole duplex locations in normal and Colcemid-treated interphase populations have been compared with duplex locations in prophase cells. A higher percentage of duplexes were found close to the nucleus in prophase than in interphase cells, but approximately 5% of the duplexes remained in the cytoplasm far removed from the nucleus in prophase and throughout the course of duplex separation. Duplex separation occurred along a wide variety of paths and duplexes did not have to be closely juxtaposed to the nuclear envelope for separation to occur. Some duplexes separated in the cytoplasm with no detectable nuclear attachment, with spindles forming far to the side of the condensing chromosomes. The timing of duplex separation did not always coincide either with chromosome condensation or with nuclear membrane breakdown, and in a small percentage of the cells separation occurred as late as prometaphase. These data suggest that normal spindle formation can occur despite the large variability in initial and final centriole duplex location, their migration patterns, and the timing of the different events. Breakdown of cytoplasmic microtubules began in prophase and progressed until prometaphase; the last cytoplasmic microtubules disappeared soon after the loss of the nuclear membrane. PMID- 6998990 TI - Fibronectin in the developing sea urchin embryo. AB - The presence of fibronectin in developing sea urchin embryos was studied uing immunofluorescence staining. The fluorescence pattern indicates that fibronectin is found on the cell surfaces and between cells in the blastula and gastrula stages, indicating that it plays a role in cell adhesion. Its presence on invaginating cells also suggests its involvement in morphogenesis during early development. PMID- 6998992 TI - Analysis of the cell adhesion mechanism using somatic cell hybrids. I. Aggregation of hybrid cells between adhesive V79 and non-adhesive Ehrlich's ascites tumour cells. AB - V79 Chinese hamster cells dissociated with 1 nm EDTA retain 2 kinds of cell adhesion mechanisms, one dependent on Ca2+ and the other independent of Ca2+. Ehrlich's ascites tumour (EAT) cells are provided with neither Ca2+-dependent nor CA2+-independent mechanisms. Studies on the aggregation of cells of 25 different hybrid clones obtained by fusing these 2 lined cells revealed the following points with regard to adhesive properties of hybrid cells. (1) The activity of the Ca2+-independent mechanism was lower in most hybrid clones than in parental V79 cells. (2) There were a few hybrid clones whose Ca2+-dependent mechanism activity was lower than in V79 cells. In these clones, the Ca2+-independent mechanism was also less active than the parental cells. (3) A hybrid clone with reduced Ca2+-dependent mechanism activity only was not found. (4) All the hybrid clones have at least one set of chromosomes derived from V79. (5) The number of chromosomes derived from EAT cells tended to be less in hybrid clones with lower aggregative ability. These results can be explained by assuming that the activity of the Ca2+-independent and Ca2+-dependent mechanisms of V79 cells may be differently inhibited by genes contained in EAT cells. PMID- 6998993 TI - [Value of duodenostomy in cases where duodenal stump closure is difficult following gastrectomy for ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of gastrectomy with terminal duodenostomy in patients which were operated on in emergency for large duodenal ulcers. They outline the history of this method, which seems to be seldom used in France. Technic and results are presented. This procedure is advised when closure of the duodenal stump is difficult and may lead to postoperative leakage : it is therefore advocated in large perforated ulcers involving the anterior wall of the duodenum. PMID- 6998995 TI - Separation and quantification of angiotensins and some related peptides by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance chromatographic technique for the separation of angiotensins and some related peptides is described. Complete separation of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, tetradecapeptide and the tetrapeptide Leu-Val-Tyr-Ser is achieved in a single step, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The application of this technique for the detection of renin activity in crude biological samples, employing the artificial renin substrate tetradecapeptide, is demonstrated. PMID- 6998994 TI - [Rupture of the stomach after insertion of a Linton-Nachlas sound (author's transl)]. AB - Rupture of the stomach occurred after insertion of a Linton-Nachlas sound in a 91 year-old patient. Possible mechanisms for the lesion were increased pressure from accumulation of blood in the stomach or the herniation of the balloon of the sound. Recovery was uneventful after intensive care therapy and suture of the wound. The possibility of such an accident should not discredit the use of hemostatic sounds. PMID- 6998996 TI - Insulin receptors in circulating erythrocytes and monocytes from women on oral contraceptives or pregnant women near term. AB - Altered carbohydrate metabolism occurs in women during pregnancy and in those using oral contraceptives (OC). Insulin binding to circulating erythrocytes and monocytes was studied in 77 nonobese, healthy women volunteers; they were divided into 4 groups: 1) late pregnant (n = 19),2) OC users taking 50 microgram estrogen daily (OC-50; n = 19),3) OC users taking 35 microgram estrogen daily (OC-35; n = 18), and 4) a control group (n = 21). All nonpregnant volunteers were in the luteal phase (days 18-21) of the menstrual cycle. Oral glucose tolerance tests were normal in all groups. Fasting plasma insulin was higher (P < 0.001) in the pregnant group, and plasma insulin responses to the oral glucose tolerance test were higher (P < 0.05) in the pregnant, OC-35, and OC-50 groups compared to that in the control group. The percentage of specific binding of [125I]insulin to 1.2 x 10(7) monocytes/ml (and 4.4 x 10(9) erythrocytes/ml) was similar in all groups (mean +/- SE): pregnant, 6.85 +/- 0.48% (6.85 +/- 0.59%); OC-35, (6.85 +/- 0.40%); OC-50, 6.95 +/- 0.55% (6.73 +/- 0.59%); and control 6.66 +/- 0.64% (7.17 +/- 0.44%). No correlation was found between insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes. Average affinity profiles and binding sites per cell (70/erythrocyte and 50,000/monocyte, respesctively) were similar in all groups. Since insulin binding to monocytes in decreased during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, one could extrapolate from our data that pregnant women will have lower insulin binding compared to nonpregnant women in the proliferative phase of the cycle; such a report has appeared recently (Beck-Nielsen et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49: 810, 1979). Differences in plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone between the secretory and proliferative phases of the cycle are much smaller than between the nonpregnant state and late pregnancy. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether these steroid hormones would cause, by the same mechanism, a decrease in insulin binding (and insulin resistance) during late pregnancy and in the secretory phase of the cycle. PMID- 6998997 TI - Inhibition of access of bound somatomedin to membrane receptor and immunobinding sites: a comparison of radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay of somatomedin in native and acid-ethanol-extracted serum. PMID- 6998998 TI - Inactive renin and prostaglandin E2 production in hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. AB - To ascertain whether inactive renin (IR) might predominate in the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (HH) and whether the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent stimulus for renin release, might be decreased, we measured PRA, active renin (AR), and IR by the acid activation method and urinary PGE2 in 10 patients with HH. In contrast to uniformly low levels of PRA (0.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml . h) and AR (2.7 +/- 0.6), IR was either normal or elevated (14.7 +/- 2.2 in HH; 11.8 +/- 1.1 in 28 normal subjects) and the IR to AR ratio was markedly increased (8.5 +/- 2.0 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.5; P < 0.05). Urinary PGE2 was decreased in 4 patients but was in the normal range in 5 other patients with HH. In 16 human volunteers, PG inhibition with indomethacin led to a significant decrease in AR (P < 0.05) but not in IR, and the IR to AR ratio increased 2-fold (P < 0.02). The data suggest that HH is a disease involving the defective conversion of IR to AR rather than impaired total renin production. In some patients, PG deficiency may contribute to the development of HH. PMID- 6998999 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary functions in patients with transsphenoidal encephalocele and midfacial anomalies. AB - We have studied hypothalamic-pituitary functions in two patients with transsphenoidal pituitary herniation associated with midfacial anomalies. Both had a defect in the floor of the sella turcica. The male patient had short stature and a low plasma GH level with no response to arginine infusion and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Both patients were euthyroid and showed normal plasma TSH responses to TRH. Serum PRL levels were borderline high in both, and one patient had a delayed, but excessive, PRL response to TRH. Neither patient had evidence of adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadotrophic-hypogonadism, diabetes insipidus, or a visual field defect. One patient had mild to moderate mental retardation. The parents of the patients were known to be consanguineous. The cases demonstrate the need to evaluate the anatomy of the sella turcica and hypothalamic-pituitary functions in patients with midfacial anomalies. PMID- 6999001 TI - Reversal of altered vascular responsiveness in Bartter's syndrome by indomethacin treatment. AB - The effects of indomethacin treatment on the vascular response to 5-valine angiotensin II amide, [sarcosine, isoleucine] angiotensin II, and D-3-mercapto-2 methylpropanoyl-L-proline were examined in a patient with Bartter's syndrome. Indomethacin (150 mg/day) was administered for 5 days. PRA decreased from 74.1 to 3.2 ng/ml.h during this period. With this treatment, the normal pressor response to the synthetic angiotensin II was restored, and the hypotensive response to the angiotensin II antagonist and the converting enzyme inhibitor was markedly diminished. These results suggest that altered vascular responsiveness in Bartter's syndrome would be secondary to hormonal derangements. PMID- 6999000 TI - Epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone release in association with physiological decrements in the plasma glucose concentration in normal and diabetic man. PMID- 6999002 TI - Insulin-induced insulin resistance of lipolysis in human adipocytes in organ culture. AB - Adipose tissue derived from open biopsies was used to develop a system for studying insulin resistance in human tissue in vitro. Subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from obese donors was incubated in Parker's medium 199 in the absence or presence of insulin for 24 h under sterile conditions. Adipocytes were then isolated by collagenase digestion, washed thoroughly, and incubated for 2 h with multiple insulin concentrations in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer with 4% bovine serum albumin. Lipolysis was estimated by measuring glycerol. Basal lipolysis in adipocytes cultured with insulin did not differ significantly from that of adipocytes cultured without insulin (2.49 +/- 0.18 vs. 2.67+/- 0.58 mumol glycerol/mmol triglyceride). The maximum acute response in adipocytes prepared from tissue exposed to insulin during culture was 55% inhibition of basal lipolysis, whereas the maximum response in cells prepared from tissue not exposed to insulin chronically was 80%. Statistical analysis by paired t test showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the reaction of the two groups of cells to acute exposure to insulin. The insulin dose required to produce the half-maximal effect was increased from 3 to 24 microU/ml. Thus, after chronic exposure to insulin, adipocytes were not as responsive to the acute antilipolytic action of the hormone. We conclude that chronic exposure to insulin induces insulin resistance in human adipocytes. PMID- 6999003 TI - Hormonal and metabolic studies in a patient with a pheochromocytoma. AB - The metabolic and hormonal responses to oral glucose were studied in a patient with a pheochromocytoma before treatment, after alpha-blockade, after combined alpha- and beta-blockade, and after surgical removal of the tumor. Before treatment, fasting blood glucose was elevated [6.5 mmol/liter (117 mg/dl); normal range, 4.2--5.5 mmol/liter (75--100 mg/dl)], as was the fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acid level (1.19 mmol/liter; normal range, 0.06--0.7 mmol/liter), the blood total ketone body concentration (0.50 mmol/liter; normal range, 0.02--0.44 mmol/liter) and the lactate ot pyruvate ratio (16.2; normal range, 5.9--15.01. These abnormalities were corrected by alpha-adrenergic blockade alone and together with beta-blockade. Oral glucose tolerance (50 g) was mildly impaired in the untreated state, and the insulin response was decreased. Both alpha- and alpha- plus beta-blockade restored the insulin response to glucose but failed to correct the glucose intolerance. Three months after removal of the tumor, all metabolic findings were normal. The correction of the fasting metabolite concentrations and serum insulin levels by alpha-adrenergic blockade suggests that an alpha-adenergic effect causes the original metabolic abnormalities. The residual glucose intolerance after adrenergic blockade may result from incomplete blockade or factors other than alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity. PMID- 6999004 TI - Renin requires a structural alteration prior to activation by renal kallikrein. AB - Renal kallikrein may be the physiologic protease which activates renin. In vitro activation of plasma inactive renin by renal kallikrein, however, requires prior dialysis of plasma to pH 3.3, which is thought to destroy endogenous plasma kallikrein inhibitors. We present evidence that low pH directly alters renin to facilitate its activation by renal kallikrein. Untreated normal plasma was combined with pH 3.3 dialyzed and neutralized plasma and incubated with semipurified human renal kallikrein 2.3 X 10(-2) to 4.6 IU/ml, pH 7.5, 25 degrees C for 1h. All concentrations activated renin in acid-treated plasma; whereas, in untreated plasma 4.6 IU/ml renal kallikrein was ineffective. In combinations of untreated and acid-treated plasma, the percent renin activated by renal kallikrein was equal to the percent acid-dialyzed plasma present. When acid treated plasma was combined with buffer, activation was complete and quantitatively the same as in the untreated and acid-treated plasma combinations. The data suggest inactive renin itself is altered structurally by pH 3.3; this change in the renin molecule is necessary for kallikrein activation. Renal kallikrein may not be the sole in vivo activator of renin. PMID- 6999005 TI - The mechanism of the carbohydrate intolerance of cirrhosis. AB - Cirrhosis of the liver is frequently associated with carbohydrate intolerance but it is unknown whether this intolerance is due to increased hepatic glucose production (HGP), decreased glucose utilization, or both. HGP and the MCR of glucose [(MCR)G] were measured at steady state, basally and during an infusion of insulin (25 mU/kg x h) and glucose (11 mumol/kg x min), in 11 cirrhotics and 8 controls using the technique of a primed constant infusion of [3H]3-glucose. HGP was also estimated at nonsteady state during an infusion of glucagon (8 ng/kg x min). Basal HGP was significantly lower in cirrhotics compared to controls (10.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 13.2 +/- 0.6 mumol/kg x min; P < 0.0025). During the insulin/glucose infusion, HGP was suppressed to the same degree in both groups [in controls by 83% (13.2 +/- 0.6 to 2.2 +/- 0.8 mumol/kg x min) and in cirrhotics by 87% (10.2 +/- 0.6 to 1.3 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg x min)]. After the glucagon infusion, HGP rose by a similar degree in cirrhotics and controls. In contrast, basal (MCR)G was significantly lower in the nondiabetic cirrhotics (2.1 +/- .02 ml/kg x min; P < 0.005) and diabetic cirrhotics (1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/kg x min; P < 0.0005) compared to that in the control subjects (2.8 +/- 0.2 ml/kg x min). Moreover, there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation between basal (MCR)G and the fasting glucose level (r = 0.82), and the degree of glucose intolerance as expressed by the 2-h glucose level determined by the oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.87). It is concluded that the glucose intolerance of cirrhosis is due to a defect in peripheral glucose utilization. PMID- 6999006 TI - Evaluation of twenty-four-hour secretory patterns of growth hormone and insulin in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Twenty-four-hour secretory patterns of GH and insulin were evaluated in seven patients with myotonic dystrophy. We found an impairment of sleep-related GH secretion and an increase of nocturnal serum insulin levels. There was no correlation between hormonal behavior and severity of disease. It is possible that the observed hormonal dysfunction is related to a multisystem disorder in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 6999008 TI - Isoproterenol-stimulated C-peptide and insulin secretion in diabetic and nonobese normal subjects: decreased hepatic extraction of endogenous insulin in diabetes. AB - After the iv injection of 2 micrograms isoproterenol, peripheral plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured in 16 nonobese normal subjects and 53 maturity-onset diabetic subjects. Basal insulin (P < 0.01) and C-peptide (P < 0.05) levels were increased in obese diabetic subjects compared to nonobese normal subjects. Isoproterenol-stimulated insulin (P < 0.01) and C-peptide (P < 0.05) increments were increased in obese diabetic subjects compared to nonobese diabetic subjects. Hepatic insulin extraction, measured by comparing the ratios of insulin increment to C-peptide increment after isoproterenol injection, was decreased in both nonobese and obese diabetics compared to normals (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the ratios were found between nonobese and obese diabetics or between patients on diet or sulfonylurea therapy. Age, sex, duration of disease, familial predisposition to diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy did not influence the ratios. Isoproterenol-stimulated C-peptide increments (P < 0.05) and fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05) were decreased in diabetics showing decreased hepatic insulin extraction compared to diabetics with normal hepatic insulin extraction. Isoproterenol-stimulated insulin increments in diabetics showing decreased hepatic insulin extraction were higher than in normals (P < 0.05). These studies indicate that hepatic insulin extraction decreases in nonobese and obese diabetic subjects. It might be postulated that the lesser amount of secreted insulin is able to show biological activities more efficiently in diabetics with decreased hepatic insulin extraction. PMID- 6999007 TI - Relationship of impaired insulin secretion during surgical stress to anesthesia and catecholamine release. AB - Impaired insulin secretion has been observed during surgical stress in man. To determine the relationship between insulin secretion during anesthesia and surgical stress and plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), studies were performed in 16 patients before and during elective minor surgical procedures. In 8 patients studied during halothane inhalation anesthesia before operation, the acute insulin response (AIR) to glucose (5 g, IV) fell to 51 +/- 3% of the preanesthesia AIR (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.001). This inhibition of AIR appeared unrelated to increased adrenergic activity, since during anesthesia alone, plasma NE did not change significantly and plasma Epi fell from 94 +/- 11 to 34 +/- 10 pg/ml (P < 0.01). During the postoperative recovery period in these patients, after discontinuation of the anesthesia, the AIR to glucose was 50 +/- 5% of the preanesthesia baseline response (P < 0.001). At this time, both plasma NE and Epi were increased compared to preanesthesia levels [NE: 240 +/- 40 (preanesthesia) vs. 340 +/- 43 (postoperative); Epi: 219 +/- 43 (preanesthesia) vs. 94 +/- 11 (postoperative); both P < 0.05]. In eight patients undergoing similar operations during low spinal anesthesia, no inhibition of the AIR to glucose occurred, and plasma NE and Epi did not increase significantly during or after the operation. During the recovery period, there was a relationship between plasma Epi and the degree of inhibition of the AIR to glucose (r = 0.70; n = 11; P < 0.05). Thus, inhibition of insulin secretion during surgical stress may be mediated both by direct effect of the anesthesia used and by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6999009 TI - Goiter prevalence and bacterial contamination of water supplies. AB - Previous epidemiological studies have shown a significant statistical correlation (P < 0.005 to P < 0.0005) between goiter prevalence and rock types in the watersheds that supply 37 localities in Western Columbia. Bacterial contamination has also been implicated as a cause of endemic goiter. We, therefore, did bacteriological studies to incorporate this variable into the statistical model in 34 of the 37 localities previously surveyed. Samples of the water in the 34 localities were taken at the water source or intake of water supply and at the pipeline system in households and schools. Samples were collected in sterile bottles and cultured on several media for 48 h. The number of bacteria per ml was determined by Quebec's camera and the bacteria (E. coli, Bacillus sp., K. pneumoniae, Proteus sp., and Neisseria sp.) were identified according to conventional methods. Multiple regression analysis and the logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Only two variables had significant relationships with goiter prevalence: K. pneumoniae in the water source (P < 0.01) is related to a lower prevalence and the overall concentration of bacteria in the pipeline system (P < 0.05) is related to a higher prevalence. Multiple regression analysis to compare the effects of bacteriological variables to those of geological variables indicating rock types showed sedimentary rocks in the watershed associated (P < 0.005) with higher goiter prevalence and an increased concentration of K. pneumoniae in the water source again associated (P < 0.025) with lower goiter prevalence. Bacterial concentration in the pipeline system was of marginal importance (0.05 < P < 0.10). Thus, the presence of sedimentary rocks was the best indicator of disease. A second best indicator was the concentration of K. pneumoniae in the water source. We hypothesize that the lower goiter prevalence associated with K. pneumoniae may be a natural example of biodegradation of the organic contaminants that produce goiter. PMID- 6999010 TI - Glucose kinetics in leprechaunism: accelerated fasting due to insulin resistance. AB - Postprandial and postabsorptive glucose metabolism was studied in a 3-yr-old girl with leprechaunism by substrate and hormonal measurements and by quantifying hepatic glucose output during continuous infusion of D-[6-6-2H2]-glucose. Hepatic glucogen content and the activity of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase were also measured in the post-prandial state on a separate occasion. During the 4-h postprandial state, plasma glucose, alanine, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol were normal, as were hepatic glycogen, glycogen synthase, phosphorylase, and hepatic glucose output of 7.5 mg kg-1 min-1. Intravenous injection of glucagon (30 micrograms kg-1) caused an immediate almost 3-fold rise in glucose production consistent with brisk glycogenolysis. During the 8- to 12-h postabsorptive state, however, the patient had elevated levels of glycerol (330 508 microM) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (3291-3801 microM) and decreased levels of glucose 24-29 mg/dl) and alanine (121-135 microM) consistent with a much longer period of fasting in the normal child. Furthermore, hepatic glucose output was reduced to 3.9 mg kg-1 min-1, and iv glucagon injection failed to increase this rate; both of these observations are consistent with a hepatic state generally found only later in fasting in the normal child. From these observations we conclude that the hypoglycemia reported in the leprechaunism syndrome is due to an accelerated fasting state secondary to insulin resistance. As with long fasted, glycogen-depleted normal children, gluconeogenesis alone is often not capable of adequately meeting the child's large noninsulin-dependent cerebral glucose requirements. PMID- 6999012 TI - Use of the API 20E system to identify veterinary Enterobacteriaceae. AB - A total of 503 veterinary enteric bacterial pathogens obtained from state veterinary diagnostic laboratories were tested on API 20E strips to determine whether this rapid microidentification system could be utilized for veterinary clinical microbiology. The API 20E strip accurately identified 96% of the veterinary isolates and misidentified 3%. Identifications by the API system and the diagnostic laboratories were in agreement in 85% of the isolates, disagreement on 16% of the isolates, and 1% were not identified by the API strip. Differences in identification occurred primarily in distinguishing between Klebsiella and Enterobacter and between Enterobacter and Escherichia coli. These disagreements were most often due to incorrect identifications by the diagnostic laboratory rather than by the API system. Biotype differences between human and veterinary isolates were compared. Significant differences were noted in several biochemical reactions. The main differences observed for E. coli isolates were in ornithine decarboxylase production and melibiose fermentation. The largest differences for Salmonella occurred in arginine dihydrolase production, citrate utilization, and inositol fermentation, whereas for Klebsiella pneumoniae the main differences were noted in urease production and nitrate reduction. These biotype differences, however, did not affect the accurate identification of organisms on the API strip. PMID- 6999011 TI - Micro-indirect hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies to the Ibc protein of group B Streptococcus. AB - A micro-indirect hemagglutination test was developed for detecting antibody against the Ibc protein of group B Streptococcus. Formalin-preserved, tanned sheep erythrocytes were sensitized with a partially purified preparation of Ibc protein from a type Ic strain of group B streptococci. A total of 76% of 103 sera from pregnant and nonpregnant women had demonstrable antibody against this protein, with titers ranging from 10 to 320. Examination of five pairs of mother and cord sera revealed passive transfer of these antibiodies from mother to infant. This testing on a limited number of sera also revealed that elevated antibody titers against Ibc protein were more common among carriers of group B streptococci, especially those harboring strains with Ibc protein antigen, than among noncarriers. The technique described was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, and reproducible and may be of value in assessing the immune status of pregnant women as well as for epidemiological purposes. PMID- 6999014 TI - Skin abscess caused by Candida albicans: unusual presentation of C. albicans disease. AB - A 9-month-old patient developed a Candida albicans skin abscess at the repair site of a lumbar myelomeningocele. There was no evidence of C. albicans infection elsewhere in the body. The infection may have been acquired at the time of the original myelomeningocele repair at 2 days of age. The abscess was cured by surgical drainage and amphotericin B therapy. This case indicates that laboratories should be aware of C. albicans as an unusual cause of abscess. PMID- 6999015 TI - Simplified lyogroup system, a new method for routine identification of staphylococci: description and comparison with three other methods. AB - A simplified system for routine identification of the six lyogroups of human staphylococci is described. The method is based on the determination of the lytic activity on five different test media and of the phosphatase activity of each isolate. A total of 689 staphylococci isolated from clinical material over a 6 month period were identified according to this simplified system. The same strains were identified in parallel using three other methods designed for routine identification of staphylococci: the Kloos and Schleifer abbreviated scheme (J Clin. Microbiol. 1:82-88, 1975) the scheme proposed by the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Staphylococci and Micrococci (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26:332 334, 1976), and the API STAPH micromethod. Isolated whose identification was in disagreement were identified on a taxonomic level according to the extensive classification scheme of Schleifer and Kloos. In addition, 42 reference staphylococci of known identity were reidentified using the simplified lyogroup system as well as the three other routine methods. The results of this comparative study was detailed and discussed. A primary advantage of the simplified lyogroup system is that it also provides separation of staphylococci from micrococci, which must be performed separately when the other methods are used. Other significant advantages concerned with reliability, speed, and practicality are shown. PMID- 6999016 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. AB - Mouse lymphocyte hybridomas were prepared by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of cells from a mouse plasmacytoma line with lymphocytes from a mouse hyperimmunized with dengue virus type 3 (dengue-3). Media from 50 hybrid colonies were screened; 46 of them showed antibody activity against dengue-3-infected cells as determined by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Dengue monoclonal antibody obtained after cloning one of these colonies demonstrated activity in hemagglutination inhibition and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays with dengue-3 antigen, but not type 1, 2, and 4 antigens. In addition, this antibody activity could be removed from culture media only by absorption with dengue-3 antigen. PMID- 6999013 TI - Typing of Proteus mirabilis by bacteriocin production and sensitivity as a possible epidemiological marker. AB - Two bacteriocin typing methods, based on bacteriocin production and bacteriocin sensitivity, were developed to aid in the separation of strains of Proteus mirabilis. One hundred sixty-two isolates of P. mirabilis and 10 Cradock-Watson bacteriocin producers were grown inproteose peptone no. 3 broth and induced with mitomycin C under culture conditions found optimum for bacteriocin production. Crude bacteriocin lysates were spotted on 186 indicator strains, and after incubation for 18 h at 35 degrees C, positive zones of inhibition were recorded. A cluster analysis computer program was used to select 16 bacteriocin-producing and 16 indicator strains for inclusion in two bacteriocin typing sets. One hundred clinical isolates of P. mirabilis were differentiated by bacteriocin sensitivity into 41 distinct patterns, with 72% of the strains typable, whereas typing by bacteriocin production demonstrated 29 separate lysis patterns among the 80% typable strains. Combining the results of each typing method resulted in 72 individual bacteriocin production-sensitivity patterns and 91% of the isolates typed. Typing 14 epidemic strains by bacteriocin production revealed that 13 of 14 strains were identical, whereas only 2 of 14 strains were typable by bacteriocin sensitivity. Electron microscopy of partially purified bacteriocin revealed tail components of contractile bacteriophages. Standard bacteriocin lysates were destroyed by boiling for 1 h. In addition, all bacteriocin lysates tested were resistant to trypsin. The use of our bacteriocin production typing method against the presently selected 16 standard indicator strains is recommended for the investigation of any cases of suspected P. mirabilis cross infections within hospitals. PMID- 6999017 TI - O antigens of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris strains isolated from patients with bacteremia. AB - During the period of 1971 to 1979, 172 Proteus mirabilis and 17 Proteus vulgaris strains were collected from blood cultures. Of these strains, 144 could be grouped into 25 O antigens. The most common antigens were O3, O23, O10, O30, and O24, which represented 46.1% of all strains. The O antigen distribution of strains isolated from blood cultures did not differ significantly from that of fecal and urinary strains. No particular O antigen could thus be defined as a virulence factor in bacteremia. PMID- 6999018 TI - Improved diagnostic accuracy using monoclonal antibody group A streptococcal carbohydrate. AB - Monoclonal mouse antibody to streptococcal group A carbohydrate was evaluated in diagnostic microbiology laboratory. A total of 262 isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci were classified with commercial reagents and the monoclonal antibody to group A carbohydrate by using immunofluorescence and Lancefield precipitin tests. Both nonoclonal and commercial antibodies were identifically reactive by the precipitin test but significantly different by immunofluroescence. Monoclonal antibody gave the same reactivity as seen in the precipitin test, but commercial antibodies gave both false-positive and false-negative results. These results suggest that monoclonal reagents may be superior to conventional antisera. PMID- 6999019 TI - Evaluation of the Minitek system for identification of nonfermentative and nonenteric fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. AB - The Minitek identification system (MT) was compared with a conventional testing battery for the characterization of 735 isolates which included 57 species and groups of nonfermentative (NF) and nonenteric fermentative (NEF) gram-negative bacteria. The MT correctly identified 585 of 616 NF (94,96%) and 115 of 119 NEF (96.65%) bacteria and 700 of 735 strains (95.24%) overall. A total of 31 NF and NEF (4.22%) bacteria were misidentified, and no identification was determined for four strains (0.69%). All strains of Acinetobacter anitratus, Pseudomonas maltophilia, P. fluroescens, and P. putida and all but one strain of P. aeruginosa were correctly identified. The most frequently misidentified taxa were CDC group Va-1, P. pickettii (Va-2), P. mendocina, and Moraxella urethralis (M 4). Supplemental tests were needed for the complete identification of 214 strains (29.11%). An average of 1.54 supplemental tests were used with each of these strains. A total of 134 strains (18.23%) had their identification delayed by 1 day due to supplemental testing. We recommend the use of the 42 degree C growth test with the MT. When used in accord with the manufacturer's instructions and with the MT code book the MT was found to be a valuable system for the identification of a wide variety of common and infrequently encountered NF and NEF bacteria. PMID- 6999020 TI - Evaluation of the four-hour Micro-ID technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative, Gram-negative rods from blood cultures. AB - A 4-h Micro-ID technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative gram negative rods from positive blood cultures was compared to subculture and species identification of single colonies by API 20E and Micro-ID, using standardized inocula. A total of 127 patients (220 positive cultures) were studied. Isolates included 96 Escherichia coli, 46 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 Klebsiella oxytoca, 8 Enterobacter aerogenes, 17 Enterobacter cloacae, 19 Serratia marcescens, 2 Serratia liquefaciens, 8 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Salmonella species, 1 Morganella morganii, 6 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 3 Bacteroides fragilis, 3 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotype anitratus, and 1 Pseudomonas maltophilia. In 90% of the cultures, identification by Micro-ID was identical to that obtained after subculture; if the 15 non-enterobacterial isolates were excluded, the corresponding figure was 96.6%. Enterobacteria identified incorrectly by direct Micro-ID were three S. marcescens (two identified as S. liquefaciens, one as Hafnia alvei), two S. liquefaciens (both identified as E. cloacae), and two K. pneumoniae (one identified as Klebsiella ozaenae, the other as Serratia rubidaea). None of the 15 non-enterobacterial cultures were correctly identified by Micro-ID (non-identifiable, or classified as Providencia/Yersinia/Klebsiella species). Although biochemical discrepancies between direct and final Micro-ID tests occurred in 41% of the enterobacterial cultures, this did not seriously interfere with identification. Direct species identification of Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures by direct Micro-ID is accurate and easily performed and identified organisms within 4 h compared to at least 24 h by most other methods; the direct Micro-ID technique would be rendered even more valuable by the additional capability of identifying non enterobacterial gram-negative isolates. PMID- 6999021 TI - Evaluation of cefamandole susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriacea by the autobac 1 system. AB - A total of 509 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were tested for susceptibility to cefamandole by Autobac 1 and Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion methods, using commercially available 30-micrograms cefamandole disks. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for all organisms showing major or very major discrepancies. Overall agreement between Autobac 1 and disk diffusion was 89.8%, with 5.1% major or very major and 5.1% minor discrepancies. When considering only the genera for which 20 or more isolates were tested, overall agreement was 90.8%. Discrepancies for Escherichia coli showed a trend toward resistance by Autobac 1, with minimal inhibitory concentrations generally in agreement with disk diffusion results. No trends were detected for other genera. The rate of agreement was lower for Enterobacter species (75.4%), but minimal inhibitory concentrations, determined for all discrepancies in this genus, agreed with Autobafc 1 as often a with disk diffusion results. PMID- 6999022 TI - Single-disk diffusion testing (Kirby-Bauer) of susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis to chloramphenicol: significance of the intermediate category. AB - The significance of the intermediate category of the single-disk diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer) of antibiotic susceptibility has never been clearly defined. Thirty two percent of 756 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis were of intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol, a higher percentage than for any other species. The breakpoint separating susceptible and intermediate isolates nearly bisected the frequency distribution of zone diameters of P. mirabilis but not that of the other species. The breakpoint separating susceptible and intermediate isolates nearly bisected the frequency distribution of zone diameters of P. mirabillis but not that of the other species tested. By serial broth dilution testing, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chloramphenicol of 50 individual isolates of P. mirabilis were 3.9 to 22.1 micrograms/ml (geometric mean, 8.0), whereas the MICs of susceptible Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter strains were 2.0 to 3.9 micrograms/ml (geometric mean, 2.9). Seventy percent of isolates of P. mirabilis with MICs of 7.8 to 15.6 micrograms/ml were classified as susceptible by disk testing. We conclude that existing Kirby-Bauer breakpoints do not accurately discriminate P. mirabilis isolates that are marginally susceptible to chloramphenicol. These data underscore the difficulty of applying a single set of breakpoints to all species and suggest that species specific breakpoints would more accurately predict the MIC equivalent of given zone diameters. PMID- 6999023 TI - Evaluation of the necessity for routine terminal subcultures of previously negative blood cultures. AB - It has been recommended that blood cultures be routinely subcultured aerobically on the day after the specimen is received, anaerobically after 48 h, and, finally, after 5 to 7 days if the cultures appear negative (Bartlett et al., Cumitech 1, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1974). To evaluate the necessity for the final routine subculture, 2,780 previously negative blood culture bottles were subcultured after 7 days of incubation. Of four bottles positive by subculture, three yielded the same organism as previously isolated from the companion bottle, and one yielded an organism considered to represent a contaminant. Since the routine 7-day subculture did not significantly increase the yield from previously negative blood cultures, the time and expense of the terminal subculture appears not to be warranted. Whereas a total of 7 days of incubation of blood cultures is probably adequate for general hospitals, a second week of incubation appears indicated in selected cases of suspected endocarditis and persistent or recurrent infection, as well as in any referral center. Candida and fastidious gram-negative bacilli, such as Haemophilus, Cardiobacterium, and Actinobacillus, usually require extended incubation for their detection. PMID- 6999024 TI - Tissue culture technique for routine isolation of street strain rabies virus. AB - A tissue culture test for the primary isolation of street strain rabies virus from the brains of suspect animals was evaluated. It was found to be reliable and comparable in sensitivity to the standard mouse inoculation technique. The test, which yields final results in 48 h, was performed in BHK-21 cells on tissue culture chamber slides. The addition of diethylaminoethyl dextran to the cell suspension before seeding the slide promoted the subsequent viral invasiveness of positive test specimens. The method described may be considered as a substitute for the mouse inoculation test which is currently used as a backup to the fluorescent antibody test in the diagnosis of rabies. PMID- 6999025 TI - Quantification of arabinitol in serum by selected ion monitoring as a diagnostic technique in invasive candidiasis. AB - D-Arabinitol was identified by mass spectrometry as a metabolite of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. For quantification, serum was deproteinized with acetone, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness, the silyl derivative was formed, and a portion was injected into a combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system. Erythritol or 2-deoxy-galactitol was the internal standard. The protonated molecular ions, obtained in chemical ionization with isobutane, were monitored. For 39 normal subjects the mean endogenous arabinitol concentration was 0.52 microgram/ml (standard deviation, +/- 0.34). An increment of 0.2 microgram of arabinitol per ml could be quantified. Of 11 cases with diagnosed invasive candidiasis, 9 had arabinitol levels > 1.2 microgram/ml (8 microM) in the range of 1.2 to 25.0 micrograms/ml; the remaining 2 cases had levels in the normal range. Six cases of diagnosed colonized candidiasis showed normal arabinitol levels. PMID- 6999026 TI - Relationship to coagglutination of immunoglobulin class dissociated from Escherichia coli-antibody complexes. AB - Immunoglobulin G was present only in those Escherichia coli antisera causing coagglutination, as determined by immunoelectrophoretic patterns in eluates of antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6999027 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for early detection and rapid identification of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood cultures. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophortesis was shown to be a sensitive method for rapid detection of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in blood cultures. PMID- 6999028 TI - Use of the rapid fermentation test in determining carbohydrate reactions of fastidious bacteria in clinical laboratories. AB - The rapid fermentation test was used to determine the carbohydrate reactions of some of the fastidious bacteria encountered in clinical laboratories, such as: Haemophilus species, including Haemophilus vaginalis; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Cardiobacterium hominis; Kingella species; Corynebacterium species; Propionibacterium species; and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Results were usually obtained within 4 h by using inocula from 24- or 48-h blood or chocolate agar media. PMID- 6999029 TI - Reactivity of microhemagglutination, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption, and venereal disease research laboratory tests in primary syphilis. AB - Seroreactivity in 130 cases of primary syphilis was 91.5% by fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 82.3% by microhemagglutination (MHA-TP test), and 68.5% by the Venereal Disease Reseach Laboratory (VDRL) test. The MHA TP test generally became reactive earlier than the VDRL test and confirmed all reactive and most weakly reactive VDRL results. PMID- 6999030 TI - Apparent colistin-related false sensitivity with the Autobac I system. AB - False sensitivities were occasionally encountered in antibiotic-free chambers of the Autobac I system. This unusual phenomenon occurred randomly among gram negative bacilli and appears to be colistin-related. PMID- 6999031 TI - Extracellular neuraminidase production by clinical isolates of group B streptococci from infected neonates. AB - A total of 73 clinical isolates of group B streptococci obtained from diseased infants in 23 states and Puerto Rico were examined for extracellular neuraminidase production. The association of elevated levels of neuraminidase with serotype III isolates was evident in a broad geographical distribution. PMID- 6999032 TI - Study of the factors that cause specific transformation in cultures of lymphocytes from patients with quinine- and quinidine-induced immune thrombocytopenia. AB - Quinine- or quinidine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura is caused by synthesis of an immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody, which caused platelet damage in the presence of the offending drug. The nature of the antigenic stimulus has been examined by measuring incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA during lymphocyte transformation to blast cells in the presence of the drug. Although patients' lymphocytes responded normally to the nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin P, they did not respond to either drug or platelets alone. However, significant transformation occurred when patients' lymphocytes were cultured for 7 d with homologous or autologous platelets in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of the drugs (0.39-39 microM). Platelet membranes were more active than intact platelets on the basis of protein content, whereas platelets from a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome were inactive. Washed platelets pretreated with the drugs were inactive when cultured with lymphocytes in the absence of the drugs, whereas platelets pretreated similarly in plasma caused transformation. Control lymphocytes from 20 normal patients and 6 patients with nondrug-induced thrombocytopenia were not transformed by drugs and platelets in the presence of normal serum or serum containing drug-dependent antibody, showing that the observed response was specific for presensitized lymphocytes. Thus lymphocytes of patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia are transformed by an antigen that forms after interaction of plasma, specific platelet membrane components and the drug. PMID- 6999033 TI - Increased renal secretion of norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 during sodium depletion in the dog. AB - To determine whether vasoactive renal hormones modulate renal blood flow during alterations of sodium balance, simultaneous measurements of arterial and renal venous concentrations of norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and of plasma renin activity, as well as renal blood flow and systemic hemodynamics were carried out in 24 sodium-depleted and 28 sodium-replete anesthetized dogs. The mean arterial blood pressure of the sodium depleted dogs was not significantly different from that of the animals fed a normal sodium diet, but cardiac output was significantly lower (3.07 +/- 0.18 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.17 liters/min, mean +/- SEM; P < 0.01). Despite the higher total peripheral vascular resistance in the sodium-depleted dogs (46.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 37.0 +/- 2.1 arbitrary resistance U; P < 0.02), the renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance were not significantly different in the two groups. The arterial plasma renin activity and concentration of norepinephrine were higher in the sodium-depleted animals than in the controls; the arterial concentration of PGE2 was equal in both groups. The renal venous plasma renin activity was higher in the sodium-depleted dogs. Similarly, the renal venous norepinephrine concentration was higher in the sodium-depleted dogs than in the controls (457 +/- 44 vs. 196 +/- 25 pg/ml; P < 0.01); renal venous PGE2 concentration was also higher in the sodium depleted dogs (92 +/- 22 vs. 48 +/- 11 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Administration of indomethacin to five sodium replete dogs had no effect on renal blood flow. In five sodium-depleted dogs indomethacin lowered renal blood flow from 243 +/- 19 to 189 +/- 30 ml/min (P < 0.05) and PGE2 in renal venous blood from 71 +/- 14 to 15 +/- 2 pg/ml (P < 0.02). The results indicate that moderate chronic sodium depletion, in addition to enhancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, also increases the activity of the renal adrenergic nervous system and increases renal PGE2 synthesis. In sodium-depleted dogs, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was associated with a significant decrease in renal blood flow. The results suggest that the renal blood flow is maintained during moderate sodium depletion by an effect of the prostaglandins to oppose the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II and the renal sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6999034 TI - Direct action of rat urinary kallikrein on rat kidney to release renin. AB - To study the effect of kallikrein on renal renin release, we superfused rat renal cortical slices with 3.5 to 140 milliesterase units (mEU)/ml of purified rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein was a potent stimulus of renin release. Renin rose in a dose-dependent fashion from 70 mEU/ml to 140 mEU/ml. The response to 140 mEU/ml was greater than that seen with maximal doses of prostaglandin E2 (170 +/- 43%, P < 0.05) and at least the same as isoproterenol (242 +/- 49% increase), or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (272 +/- 40%). Trypsin was ineffective under these experimental conditions. Kallikrein-stimulated renin release was completely abolished by trasylol, whereas bradykinin did not increase renin production, indicating that kallikrein's effect is not mediated via kinin generation. There was no demonstrable acid activation or kallikrein activation of the superfusate and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 revealed a single renin peak of -40,000 mol wt, suggesting that all of the renin release was in the active form. The data suggests that urinary kallikrein acts directly on the rat kidney to release renin, possibly via proteolytic conversion of prorenin to active renin. Our results support the concept that kallikrein may be an endogenous activator of prorenin in the kidney. PMID- 6999037 TI - Jerzy E. Rose. PMID- 6999039 TI - Peter Blos' modern psychoanalytic interpretation of adolescence. PMID- 6999038 TI - Why they were afraid of Virginia Woolf: perspectives on juvenile manic-depressive illness. PMID- 6999036 TI - Studies on the somatotopy of the trigeminal system in the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L. II. Morphology of the principal sensory nucleus. AB - The projections from the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular parts of the trigeminal ganglion upon the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PrV) in the mallard have been studied with the Fink-Heimer I method. PrV is a large nucleus subdivided in cell groups by layers of fibers. The orientation of the dentritic arborizations differs in the different parts of the nucleus. A dorso-caudal cell group sIX is an exclusive glossopharyngeal terminal field. A second, caudo ventral projections area of NIX also receives trigeminal afferents. A small n. supratrigeminalis lies medial to PrV in the pathway of the mesencephalic trigeminal root. This nucleus seems to be part of the proprioceptive trigeminal system. The rostralmost part of PrV receives ophthalmic projections, the caudalmost part receives mandibular projections, the maxillary area being intermediate. Taking the stereotaxic plane of the mallard atlas (Zweers, '71) into account, it can be concluded that the situation is essentially not different from that in the pigeon and from the situation described for mammals. PMID- 6999035 TI - Effects of insulin incubation on insulin binding, glucose transport, and insulin degradation by isolated rat adipocytes. Evidence for hormone-induced desensitization at the receptor and postreceptor level. AB - We have examined the effect of in vitro hyperinsulinemia on insulin binding, glucose transport, and insulin degradation in isolated rat adipocytes. When cells were incubated with insulin for 2 or 4 h at 37 degrees C, followed by washing in insulin-free buffer to remove extracellular and receptor-bound insulin, a time and dose-dependent decrease in insulin receptors was observed, which was accompanied by a reduced ability of cells to degrade insulin. Furthermore, the quantitatively predicted rightward shift in the insulin-glucose transport dose response curve could be demonstrated. In addition to this reduction in insulin sensitivity, a striking decrease in maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport was observed in the 4-h insulin-treated cells, indicating an abnormality distal to the insulin receptor. Thus, in vitro insulin-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes is caused by both receptor and postreceptor abnormalities. The post receptor defect is most likely at the level of the glucose transport system per se because the insulinlike agents, spermine and antiinsulin receptor antibodies, also had a markedly reduced ability to stimulate glucose transport in 4-h insulin treated cells. On the other hand, when cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml insulin for up to 4 h, after which time 2-deoxy glucose uptake was measured without removing buffer insulin or allowing receptor-bound insulin to dissociate, no decrease in maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport was found. In conclusion, (a) insulin leads to a dose-dependent loss of insulin receptors in freshly isolated adipocytes accompanied by the predicted functional consequence of decreased receptors, i.e., a rightward shift in the insulin-glucose transport dose-response curve, (b) prolonged incubation with insulin causes a marked postreceptor defect in the glucose transport system, (c) maintenance of the activated state of the glucose transport system prevents the expression of the post-receptor defect, (d) the location of the postreceptor abnormality is most likely in the glucose transport system per se, and (e) insulin-induced receptor loss is accompanied by a decrease in insulin degradation. PMID- 6999042 TI - Initiation of oxidative changes in foods. AB - Initiation of lipid peroxidation in foods may be accomplished by a variety of mechanisms. Two principal initiation reactions involve homolytic scission of preformed peroxides as catalyzed by metal ions and heme proteins and the reaction of activated oxygen species with the lipid substrate to yield peroxides and free radicals. Copper and cytochromes in the milk fat globule membrane may serve as focal points for initiation of lipid peroxidation by catalyzing homolytic scission of peroxides. Activated oxygen species which may be important in initiating oxidative changes in foods include singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, ozone, superoxide anion (perhydroxyl radical at low pH), and hydrogen peroxide. Chemical and enzymic reactions in biological materials can generate singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide. Ozone is primarily a product of photoreactions in polluted air. Reactions involving singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and ozone with food constituents ultimately can yield peroxides which decompose to initiate oxidative chain reactions. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are relatively inert toward organic molecules but can decompose to produce the more reactive singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. Inhibition of reactions initiated by reactive oxygen species in foods should be very important in preserving the oxidative stability of foods. This paper presents a brief review of possible initiation reactions for lipid peroxidation and inhibition of reactions of activated oxygen species that are of importance in food systems. PMID- 6999040 TI - Blood plasma magnesium, potassium, glucose, and immunoreactive insulin changes in cows moved abruptly from barn feeding to early spring pasture. AB - Cations and immunoreactive insulin in plasma were measured in 35 lactating cows moved abruptly to early spring pasture. After change of cows from grass-clover hay to fescue-bluegrass pasture containing 22 to 31 g potassium/kg dry matter, immunoreactive insulin of 5 Holstein cows increased 30% in 5 days and averaged 45% above prepasture concentrations for 40 days. Magnesium averaged 44% below prepasture content of plasma during this period and was correlated negatively with potassium -.17 and immunoreactive insulin -.37. Thirty Herford cows were changed from corn silage and grass-clover hay to wheat-rye pasture containing 3.06% potassium in the dry matter. Each day on pasture, 10 cows each were fed 2.3 kg cornmeal, 10 were given 30 g magnesium oxide by capsule, and 10 were given no supplement. After unsupplemented cows were moved to pasture, immunoreactive insulin rose 51% in 8 days and plasma magnesium fell 24%. Both supplements reduced immunoreactive insulin, but magnesium was maintained higher by magnesium oxide than by cornmeal. Injection of two Holstein cows with insulin (2 IU/kg body weight) reduced plasma concentrations of both potassium and magnesium 20% below that of two cows injected with only physiological saline. Whether elevated plasma insulin may accelerate development of hypomagnesemia in cattle on spring pasture with relatively high potassium content has not been established. PMID- 6999041 TI - Sensitivities to antibiotics and seasonal occurrence of mastitis pathogens. AB - In a 2-yr survey of the Clemson University's dairy herd, each sample of mastitic milk was cultured, and mastitis pathogens were isolated. Causative organisms then were subjected to disc assay of sensitivity to antibiotics. Antibiotics were penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, cephalothin (cephalosporin), ampicillin and novobiocin. The more widely used antibiotics- penicillin, streptomycin, and erythromycin--were relatively ineffective for bacterial sensitivity in vitro, whereas bacterial sensitivity in vitro for oxytetracycline and cephalothin was considerably more. These results also were true in vivo in treatment of animals in the University herd. Incidence of mastitis under our conditions of weather, housing, and management increased greatly during summer months with less increase during winter months. PMID- 6999043 TI - Occurrence and consequence of superoxide dismutase in milk products : a review. PMID- 6999044 TI - Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans serotypes, Actinomyces, and other bacteria in the plaque of children. AB - Selected microbial components in dental plaque were determined for children in Biddeford, Maine and Colombia, South America. Using cultural methods, Streptococcus mutans was detected in 51.4% of the Colombian children and 63.3% of the Maine children. Serotype c was predominant in both populations. The greatest difference between the two groups occurred with serotypes d and g which were present in 25% of the Colombian children with S. mutans and were not detected in the Maine children. In the specimens examined with specific FA conjugates. Actinomyces was the predominant genus, present in all individuals and comprising an average of 52% of all cells. PMID- 6999045 TI - More on grafts for ulcers on legs. PMID- 6999046 TI - Stamps commenorating medicine: Emily Bissell. PMID- 6999047 TI - The M-plasty as a means of orienting a surgical specimen for the pathologist. PMID- 6999048 TI - Split-skin grafting for ulcers on legs. PMID- 6999049 TI - Multi-leveled anastomosis of a split-thickness graft. PMID- 6999050 TI - Atopic dermatitis: a discussion of theories concerning its pathogenesis. PMID- 6999051 TI - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis--particularly with reference to lesions on the palm of the hand and sole of the foot. PMID- 6999053 TI - Ultrastructure of senile keratosis. PMID- 6999052 TI - A case of diffuse plane xanthomatosis. PMID- 6999054 TI - X-linked ichthyosis. Five families in southern Kyushu. PMID- 6999055 TI - Prurigo nodularis. A possible relationship to atopy. PMID- 6999056 TI - Pseudo-tumoral form of fungal frontal sinusitis. PMID- 6999057 TI - HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis among Japanese. PMID- 6999058 TI - Photosensitivity due to hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 6999059 TI - [Effect of antibiotic action on the fatty acid composition of strains of E. coli K12 bearing R-plasmids]. PMID- 6999060 TI - Methods of management of flail chest. AB - We have treated 30 patients with flail chest, with priority given to associated factors (pain, secretions retention, hemo-/pneumothorax and underlying pulmonary contusion). When this treatment was insufficient IMV + PEEP was instituted; in this group there was a 58.8% incidence of pneumonia, 47.5% of sepsis and 11.7 days average stay in the ICU. These were significantly different when compared to the patients controlled without mechanical ventilatory support 7.7% pneumonia, 0% sepsis, 3.2 days). Surgical fixation was limnited to 4 patients who presented with multiple and greatly displace rib fractures, which made fixation by mechanical ventilation unpredictable. PMID- 6999061 TI - Cyrus Newlin Peirce, 1880-1881. PMID- 6999062 TI - Clinical use of anterior laminates--construction and placement. AB - Laminate denture teeth that effectively cover stained anterior teeth must be placed carefully so that bond strength is optimal, gingival tissues are healthy, and major problems are avoided. A method of placement is described step by step. PMID- 6999063 TI - A method for the duplication of complete dentures. AB - A quick and easy technique for the duplication of a complete denture has been presented. This technique can be performed in the dentists' office without special equipment. PMID- 6999064 TI - Periodontal considerations in removable partial dentures. AB - The importance of frequent recall examinations and maintenance of removable partial dentures were emphasized to maximize the longevity of supporting tissues as well as of the removable denture. PMID- 6999065 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 6999066 TI - Leukocyte inhibition factor in delayed-onset food allergy. AB - To investigate the possiblity of a cellular immune hypersensitivity reaction in patients who developed allergic symptoms 2 or more hours after ingestion of a particular food, two in vitro tests were employed: leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) and lymphoblastogenesis. Of the children and adults with food allergy, 73% (30 of 41) had a positive LIF test with whole cow's milk or its fractions or corn. Of nonallergic or grass-pollen sensitive controls, 15% (four of 26) had positive LIF. Lymphocyte transformation often correlated with LIF results in food-allergic patients but was also positive in 77% of controls (seven of nine). We suggest that many patients with delayed-onset food-induced allergy symptoms may have a cellular immune component to their sensitivity. Serum IgA, where measured, was absent or low in half of these patients. PMID- 6999067 TI - Public health nutrition services: issues today and tomorrow. AB - The accomplishments of the past are reviewed in this paper to give public health nutritionists perspective in dealing with the problems of the present and of the future. Positive and negative observations on the current scene in nutrition services follow. Issues and concerns for the future that are discussed are: Defining and planning for public health nutrition services, paying for nutrition services, training for public health nutrition, and advocacy for nutrition services. PMID- 6999069 TI - Two complementary radiometric methods for the measurement of 5-amino-4-imidazole N-succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide synthetase (SAICAR synthetase). AB - Two complementary methods have been devised for measuring the activity of 5-amino 4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide synthetase (SAICAR synthetase, EC 6.3.2.6), a critical enzyme in the pathway of purine biosynthesis. In the first method, L-[4-14C]aspartic acid is condensed with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylic acid ribonucleotide (AICOR) via the action of SAICAR synthetase. Unreacted L-[4 14C]aspartic acid is quantitatively dissipated by enzymatic decarboxylation, and the residual radioactivity is measured by scintillation spectrometry. In the second method, the reverse reaction of SAICAR synthetase is measured; radioactive 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) is synthesized enzymatically, using a partially purified preparation of SAICAR synthetase from chicken liver. To the purified [14C]SAICAR is added: sodium arsenate, Tris-HCl buffer containing ADP--MgCl2 or buffer alone, and to initiate the reaction, a 12 000 x g supernatant or other suitable source of enzyme. As a consequence of the arsenolytic cleavage of [14C]SAICAR, L-[4-14C]aspartic acid is generated in stoichiometric amounts. The fourth carbon of this amino acid is then detached by selective enzymatic decarboxylation, trapped in 40% KOH and quantitated by scintillation spectrometry. The assays, performed as prescribed, are facile and notably sensitive; using them, the specific activity of SAICAR synthetase has been measured in acetone powders of the livers of representative members of Vertebrata, and also in the principal viscera of the mouse. Of the livers examined, pigeon liver was the richest source of the investigated enzyme. PMID- 6999068 TI - A facile enzymatic technique for the estimation of nanomolar concentrations of N phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid in plasma. AB - A sensitive radiometric enzyme-inhibition assay is described for the determination of N-phosphonacetyl-L aspartic acid (PALA, NSC-224,131) in plasma. The assay is based on the inhibition of PALA, at low concentrations of the competitive co-substrate carbamyl phosphate, of L-aspartate transcarbamylase prepared from mouse spleen. The assay responds with good reproducibility and in a proportional way to concentrations of PALA over the range of 2-20 nM; as such, it represents a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over existing methodologies. The applicability and pertinence of this assay to long-term pharmacokinetic studies with PALA is demonstrated by the one month persistence of nanomolar concentrations of PALA in the plasma of mice treated with a single dose of the drug. PMID- 6999070 TI - Separation of enkephalin degradation products by ligand-exchange chromatography. AB - Enkephalin degradation products can be accurately analyzed by cascade chromatography through XAD polystyrene and copper--Chelex columns. One of the main degradation products generated during the incubation of enkephalin with rat striatal membranes, the N-terminal amino acid Tyr, is absorbed quantitatively on the copper--Chelex columns whereas the minor, but probably specific, product Tyr- Gly--Gly is not. PMID- 6999071 TI - Limited wrist arthrodeses. I. The triscaphoid joint. AB - Limited wrist arthrodesis is the surgical fusion of selected bones of the wrist. In each case the extent of the fusion is determined by the extent of the disease process. Limited wrist arthrodesis of the joints between the scaphoid, trapezium, and trapezoid is indicated in localized degenerative arthritis, radial hand dislocations, and certain instability patterns following ligament rupture (rotary subluxation of the scaphoid). Fusion is easily obtained utilizing a local bone graft donor site. Fusion of the three-bone unit leaves approximately 80% of flexion extension and 66% of radial and ulnar deviation in the wrist. PMID- 6999072 TI - Nonunion of the scaphoid: analysis of the results from bone grafting. AB - Scaphoid nonunion was treated by bone-grafting techniques in 86 patients with 90 fractures. The volar inlay (Russe) technique had union in 38 of 44 fractures (86%); the dorsal inlay (Matti) technique in 20 of 22 fractures (91%); the dorsal peg graft (Murray) in nine of 18 fractures (50%); and compression screw osteosynthesis in one of six cases (17%). Fourteen patients had secondary arthritis associated with fracture union. Union was more frequent (85%) in 54 undisplaced nonunions than in 36 displaced nonunions (65%). Complications included avascular necrosis, secondary arthrosis, and persistent nonunion. Avascular necrosis in 13 nonunions was treated successfully by inlay grafts in 11, and postoperative avascular necrosis (four nonunions) was resolved after fracture healing in two. The four patients with failed results had the dorsal peg grafting technique. Of 22 persistent nonunions, 16 had secondary arthritis and four had avascular necrosis. The rate of union was increased when Kirschner wire fixation of unstable nonunions was performed. The dorsal and volar inlay techniques had consistently higher rates of union with fewer complications than did the dorsal peg grafting technique. PMID- 6999073 TI - Muscle flap reconstruction of shoulder defects. AB - Defects of the shoulder area pose difficult problems for the hand surgeon, especially when associated with irradiation or exposed, infected bone. The development of muscle and myocutaneous flaps has greatly simplified the reconstruction of such defects. This report discusses the use of the pectoralis and the latissimus flaps for this purpose, with case examples and emphasis upon technique and applications. PMID- 6999074 TI - Institutional vs. noninstitutional care for the elderly. AB - The question of institutionalization vs. home care of the aged in need of medical care has been debated extensively. The arguments for deinstitutionalization have stressed the issue of cost. Home care is felt to be more cost efficient than institutional care. In this paper, both sides of the issue are investigated in detail by drawing on published conference proceedings and empirical studies reported in the literature. PMID- 6999076 TI - Prosthetic attachments: an introduction. PMID- 6999075 TI - Functional redundancy and the process of professionalization: the case of registered nurses in the United States. AB - Registered nurses have been attempting to achieve professional status for nearly a century. Historical investigation of their efforts in the United States and a case study of the 1976 Seattle Nurses' strike indicate major obstacles to the professionalizing project. The most important of these are the inability of the nurses to control the labor supply, and their failure to define or monopolize a distinct set of tasks. One result is functional redundancy: there is no job nurses perform that is not also performed by some other occupation. PMID- 6999078 TI - Coronary arterial spasm: a historical perspective. PMID- 6999077 TI - The rise of the doctrine of vascular secretion in the Netherlands. PMID- 6999079 TI - C'est fini.... le pouls ne bat plus! Drawn by Paul Bernay, for Le Charivari, in 1872. PMID- 6999080 TI - The Huxley-Wilberforce debate revisited. PMID- 6999081 TI - An anatomic plate from Bartolomeo Eustachi. PMID- 6999082 TI - William Budd manuscript at the National Library of Medicine. PMID- 6999083 TI - Distribution of H-2 microenvironments in the mouse thymus. Immunoelectron microscopic identification of I-A and H-2K bearing cells. AB - Antigens coded for by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are differentially expressed in the mouse thymus. Immunoperoxidase studies of frozen thymus sections incubated with monoclonal (hybridoma) anti-I-Ak antibodies revealed a dendritic straining pattern in the cortex and a confluent staining pattern in the medulla. Serial sections incubated with monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibodies showed that H-2Kk antigens were only present at detectable levels in the medulla. Microenvironments expressing H-2Kk antigens also expressed I-Ak antigens. In cortico-medullary regions, relatively large MHC-negative areas were found. These areas appeared to connect to perivascular spaces surrounding blood vessels. Using a new postfixation labeling method for the detection of cell surface associated antigens on cells of the lymphoid system in situ, we have characterized the nature of MHC positive cell types at the ultrastructural level. These studies show that epithelial-reticular cells are the major MHC positive elements in the thymus. Lymphocytes in the medulla and in cortico-medullary bounderies are also MHC positive, however, lymphocytes in the cortex were not detectably labeled. These findings support the contention that epithelial reticular cells are involved in the H2-restriction process during T cell maturation. PMID- 6999084 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of renin in kidneys and submandibular glands of SWR/J and C57BL/6J mice. AB - By using antibodies against highly purified submandibular gland renin, renin was localized immunocytochemically at the light and electron microscopic level in the submandibular glands and kidneys of adult male SWR/J and C57BL/6J mice. In accord with the data of Wilson et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:1185, 1977), renin was demonstrable only in the submandibular glands of SWR/J mice (high strain), where it was confined to the secretory granules of the granular convoluted tubules. In the kidneys of both strains, renin was confined to epithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Electron microscopically immunostaining was restricted to the granules of the juxtaglomerular epitheliod cells. Morphometric analyses suggested that the kidney of the C57BL/6J mice contained more immunoreactive complexes per unit volume of cortex than SWR/J mice kidney. The data indicate that submandibular gland renin cross-reacts with kidney renin, but that genetic controls of these polypeptides in the two organs are independent. PMID- 6999085 TI - Evaluating optical filter efficiency in a flow cytometer. AB - A simple yet effective method of testing optical filters under normal operating conditions on a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter is described. The spectral characteristics of three filters are compared to demonstrate the methods of determining which filter is the best in a particular situation. These tests include determining the efficiency of transmitting fluorescent light, determining the efficiency of removing scattered light, and detecting fluorescence originating from the filter itself. PMID- 6999087 TI - The importance of the range of cooling rates within a Nagington and Greaves plug when freezing lymphocytes. AB - The use of Nagington and Greaves plug for freezing lymphocytes is very straight forward but the recovery of cells can be low and variable. The survival of lymphocytes was found to be dependent upon the position of the sample within the plug and the plug position in the lipid nitrogen container. Both of these variables affected the rate of cooling of the samples. It is stressed that the range of cooling rates produced by a plug should be determined to ensure that lymphocytes are cooled at suitable rates. PMID- 6999086 TI - The dietary survey and the assessment of food intake in the pre-school child. A review. AB - To obtain an accurate record of an individual's food intake in the assessment of his nutritional status is a difficult task. To obtain such a record for an infant is more difficult still, involving the close cooperation between the investigator and the infant's mother. Why there has been little progression in methodology from the earliest days of recording individual food intakes is discussed and areas of improvements are suggested. Accuracy could be improved if techniques were streamlined and objectives more clearly defined. Dietary surveys could provide data of value to other workers in the field by using conventions in data collection and in the reporting of results. PMID- 6999088 TI - ELISA tests for antibodies against mycobacterial glycolipids. AB - ELISA tests with purified mycobacterial glycolipids and bovine heart cardiolipin are described. The possible clinical use of ELISA tests with mycobacterial glycolipids for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses is discussed. PMID- 6999090 TI - A simple and reproducible method to assess murine platelet responses in vitro. AB - A simple and reproducible technique for murine platelet isolation is described. Such preparations then become useful in determining in vitro platelet secretory responses and platelet aggregation. PMID- 6999089 TI - Antigen attachment in ELISA. AB - The amount of antigen on the solid phase was studied during various steps of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for chicken anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibodies. Three materials for the solid phase were used: polystyrene, nylon and cyanogen bromide activated paper. There was noticeable leakage of antigen during the assay from both polystyrene (30%) and nylon (60%). This occurred during all steps of the assay: during incubation with the sample serum, incubation with the enzyme conjugated antibodies and during the washing procedures. During incubation with the sample serum detachment of antigen was quite rapid and could result in competition between bound and free antigen for antibodies. The presence of antigen-antibody complexes in reaction mixtures could also lead to erroneous results in the antibody assay. With covalent coupling of antigen to solid phase (cyanogen bromide activated paper), batch-to-batch variation in the surface concentration of antigen was strikingly less than in the assay using plastics. Detachment of antigen from activated paper during the assay was less than with polystyrene or nylon. ELISA with activated paper as the solid phase thus seems suitable as a reference method for standardisation of the antigen phase in ELISA systems. PMID- 6999091 TI - Relative potencies of four CEA preparations assayed by three commercial radioimmunoassay kits. AB - An attempt has been made to determine relative potencies of four Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) reference preparations, including the World Health Organization CEA standard, assayed by three kits (Abbott, Cis, Roche). For some kits and reference CEAs, relative potencies varied as a function of the concentration at which CEAs were assayed; whether this was due to different CEA antigenicities or to inappropriate technical conditions (e.g. unequal adsorption of CEA onto surfaces, in connection either to the protein composition of buffers or to different degrees of purification of CEAs) requires further investigation. Even when the CEA concentration had no influence, relative potencies differed according to the origin of the kits. Since even when a single reference material is used, different relative potencies are obtained with different kits, valid comparisons can hardly be made, at least for the time being, unless the same technique and the same test system (antiserum and antigen) are used. Modalities of such a technique should be carefully determined and the reagents carefully selected so that lack of parallelism, if any, between CEA of different origins can only be ascribed to differences in antigenicity. PMID- 6999093 TI - The cholesterol debates: some reminiscences on Dr. Irvine H. Page. PMID- 6999092 TI - Dr. G. W. H. Kemper and his work in indexing the Transactions of the Indiana State Medical Society. PMID- 6999094 TI - County medical society directory. PMID- 6999095 TI - [In memory of Prof. Feodor Lynen]. PMID- 6999097 TI - [Reconstitution of chromatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999096 TI - [Mechanism of enzyme secretion in bacteria. Studies on penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis and alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999098 TI - [Report on the test on chromium-cobalt alloys for denture base casting]. PMID- 6999099 TI - Radical resection and allograft replacement in the treatment of bone tumors. AB - Resection and allograft transplantation in the treatment of bone tumors was introduced in the United States by Parrish in the mid 1960's, based on the demonstration by several investigators that fresh frozen allografts were well tolerated by the host. Since 1971, we have performed 63 such procedures in 60 patients who have had segmental resections for malignant and aggressive bone tumors. Analysis of the results in 46 patients who have been followed longer than 1 year (mean followup of 2.7 years) show that none of the patients have an identifible immunologic reaction to the graft. Twenty-five (53.5%) of the patients had an uneventful recovery and achieved functional status without complication ("good" resuls). An additional eleven patients (23.9%) who exhibited late complications of allograft fracture, infection, or nonunion required further surgery to achieve the same degree of functional restoration as the former group ("satisfactory" results), thus raising the total of good and satisfactory results to 78.2%. Seven of the patients (15.2%) were gross failures in that two required amputation, two had the grafts removed and three have died. Although these data suggest that the procedure is a successful one for treatment of certain types of bone tumors, continued follow-up is required to ascertain the long term results. The technique should be reserved for patients with aggressive or low grade tumors, in which resection can be performed without excessive tissue sacrifice and who will not require adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6999100 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999101 TI - Direct pattern techniques for crown fabrication under existing removable partial. PMID- 6999102 TI - Reversibility of hyporeninemia and hypoaldosteronemia in chronic hemodialysis patients by correction of fluid excess. PMID- 6999103 TI - Thrombosis and sex hormones: a perplexing liaison. PMID- 6999104 TI - Kinetics of antibody responses to cell wall mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida albicans in rabbits and humans. PMID- 6999105 TI - Search for the adipocyte precursor cell and factors that promote its differentiation. PMID- 6999106 TI - Hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle. A historical review of important early cases with a presentation and analysis of twelve patients. AB - Thirteen patients with condylar hyperplasia have been examined and twelve operated upon in a nine year period ending December 1979. A further eight patients with facial asymmetry, considered to be the sequelae of condylar hyperplasia, had extra condylar osteotomies carried out. As no specimens are available for histopathological examination, they have been excluded from the series. There appears to be a similarity between the histological findings of osteochondromata of the mandibular condyle and coronoid processes, active condylar hyperplasia and the changes noticed in the region of the costo-chondral junction of the acromegalic rib. PMID- 6999107 TI - Osteotomy of the premaxilla. AB - 31 cleft patients with displaced premaxilla were operated on and the results evaluated. On the whole, there were few complications, but bony consolidation was sometimes retarded. Also closure of residual fistulae may present a problem. PMID- 6999108 TI - Bone transplants from the Iliac crest to the maxillo-facial region by the microsurgical technique. AB - The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) is a large vessel supplying the major part of the iliac bone and a considerable area of the overlying skin. It therefore displays ideal conditions for a free microsurgical transplant, consisting either of pure bone or of composite bone and skin. Results of cadaver dissections elucidated the surgical technique, which is described here in detail. In addition to this, two case reports are presented, concerning two patients in whom a composite osteocutaneous graft and a bone graft respectively which were transplanted microsurgically to the maxillofacial region. The advantages of this procedure are outlined, and future aspects of this method are discussed. PMID- 6999109 TI - Interpositional "grafting" with autogenous bone and coralline hydroxyapatite. PMID- 6999111 TI - Genital herpes. PMID- 6999110 TI - A history of medicine in Atlanta and Fulton County. Part II: Turn of the century to treachery. PMID- 6999112 TI - Vertigo: a physiological approach. AB - An understanding of vestibular function and a careful history will quickly separate patients with disease of the vestibular system from others. Further history and physical examination, often coupled with audiometric and vestibular function tests, will aid in localizing the lesion to the central or peripheral portions of the system and in determining the affected side. Medical management, which is often nonspecific and involves considerable psychological support, usually suffices. PMID- 6999113 TI - Practical psychiatry in medicine. Part 17. Psychologic aspects of Management. PMID- 6999114 TI - Prolonged survival of skin allografts in mallards. AB - Skin allografts were exchanged between 25 males and 25 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) within 2 days after hatching. Of the 42 ducks that survived and whose grafts healed, 14% rejected rapidly before the grafts became feathered, 20% rejected between 3-6 weeks, and one duck rejected when he was 10 weeks old. Twenty-seven of the 42 ducks (64%) retained their grafts for at least 5 months. The results demonstrate that, in mallards, neither inbreeding nor any treatment of the host is necessary for prolonged survival of skin allografts made shortly after hatching. PMID- 6999115 TI - Two genes affecting glucarate utilization in Escherichia coli K12. AB - D-Glucarate is transported into Escherichia coli K12 by an inducible system at an apparent rate of 7 to 15 nmol min-1 (mg dry mass)-1. The apparent Km for uptake is 16 muM. The system is induced by growth on glucarate or glycollate. Galactarate competes with glucarate for the uptake system. A mutation (gar A) was isolated in which activities of glucarate transport and glucarate dehydratase and the ability to grow on glucarate or galactarate are all impaired. The mutation maps at min 16. Another mutation of indistinguishable phenotype is probably a deletion of the genes garB and tonA at min 3.5. PMID- 6999116 TI - Reduction of amphotericin resistance in stationary phase cultures of Candida albicans by treatment with enzymes. AB - The resistance of Candida albicans to amphotericin B methyl ester increases rapidly as cultures enter the stationary phase of growth; organisms harvested after several days in the stationary phase may have a resistance two or three orders of magnitude greater than that of exponentially growing organisms. This resistance is decreased by incubation of the organisms with enzymes which attack components of the cell wall. Of the enzymes tested, (1 leads to 3)-beta-D glucanases are the most effective; incubation of 7 d batch cultures with exo-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucanase at a concentration of 10 microgram enzyme protein (mg dry wt organisms)-1 for 24 h at 37 degrees C and pH 6.5 reduces the resistance of the organisms to a value approximating to that of exponentially growing organisms. Resistance is also decreased by treatment with chitinase, lipase, trypsin, alpha-mannosidase and (1 leads to 6)-beta-D-glucanases but, on a specific activity basis, none of these enzymes is as effective as (1 leads to 3) beta-D-glucanase. The action of (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucanase is markedly enhanced by the addition during incubation of chitinase, trypsin or lipase. PMID- 6999117 TI - Distinctive electrophoretic patterns of esterases from Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. gergoviae. AB - Esterases of 14 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 14 strains of K. oxytoca, 16 strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and 16 strains of E. gergoviae were analysed by horizontal electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-agarose gel. Four principal esterase bands (designated E1 to E4) and nine minor bands differing in their activity towards synthetic substrates and in their sensitivity to heat and to di isofluoropropyl phosphate were defined. The comparative distribution of bands showed that the four species analysed were characterized by distinct electrophoretic patterns of their esterases. Band E1 was found in all four species, bands E2 and E3 only in K. oxytoca and band E4 only in some strains of E. gergoviae. The apparent molecular weights of esterases E2 and E3, determined by electrophoresis in a 4 to 30% polyacrylamide gradient gel, were 58000 (+/- 1000) and 72000 (+/- 1800), respectively. PMID- 6999118 TI - Esterase electrophoretic pattern relatedness between Shigella species and Escherichia coli. AB - Esterases of 57 strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Sh. flexneri, Sh. boydii and Sh. sonnei and 26 strains of Escherichia coli, including the Alkalescens Dispar group, were compared by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. Six types of esterase bands differing in their ability to hydrolyse synthetic substrates and in their sensitivity to heat and to di-isofluoropropyl phosphate were defined. Individual activities and sensitivities of these bands and the apparent molecular weight of the major esterase, estimated to be 58000 by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, were identical for both Shigella species and E. coli. One esterase with a molecular weight of 104000 was found in some strains of E. coli. Variations in the number and mobility of bands among Shigella strains defined different esterase patterns (zymotypes) which appeared to be distinct for each species. PMID- 6999119 TI - The use of translocatable genetic elements to construct a fine-structure map of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster. AB - The transposons Tn5, Tn7 and Tn10 and bacteriophage Mu have been used to derive insertion mutations in the Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene cluster. A large number of deletion mutants have been derived by imprecise excision of insertion mutations and these deletions have been used to construct a fine-structure map of the nif cluster. Comparison of this genetic map with a physical map of the nif cluster derived by Reidel et al. (1979) showed a very good correlation between genetic and physical mapping methods. A new complementation group, designated nifU, has been identified and mapped between nifN and nifS. Polarity studies on the 14 nif cistrons now identified suggests that they are organized in at least seven transcriptional units and that all the multicistronic units are transcribed in the same direction. PMID- 6999120 TI - Phenotypic resistance to miconazole and amphotericin B in Candida albicans. AB - Phenotypic resistance to both amphotericin B and miconazole develops in stationary phase cultures of Candida albicans and this resistance lies in changes in the cell wall. Study of the effects of growth conditions, treatment with SH reactive agents and treatment with enzymes indicates that the nature of the changes leading to resistance must be different for the two drugs. PMID- 6999121 TI - Evidence for two adhesive antigens on the K99 reference strain Escherichia coli B41. AB - Immunoelectrophoresis and haemagglutination studies with a K99 antigen extract from the reference strain Escherichia coli B41 (O101:K99) demonstrated both anionic and cationic mannose-resistant haemagglutinins for horse red blood cells. Neither haemagglutinin was produced by bacteria grown at 18 degrees C. Antibodies to the cationic haemagglutinin were demonstrated in antisera to all the K99 positive E. coli strains in every serogroup examined, but antibodies to the anionic haemagglutinin were only detected in antisera to E. coli strains from the O9 and O101 serogroups. Inhibition of E. coli B41 adhesion to calf brush borders and indirect immunofluorescent staining indicated that the anionic haemagglutinin also exhibited adhesive properties. PMID- 6999122 TI - Minicircular ColE1-related DNA in strains of Klebsiella aerogenes selected for fast growth on xylitol. AB - We have previously described a large family of mutants of Klebsiella aerogene which were selected by continuous on xylitol and which superproduce ribitol dehydrogenase. One of these strains was found to harbour a high copy number 2.1 x 10(6) dalton plasmid. This plasmid is a deletion derivative of a low copy number 3.5 x 10(6) dalton plasmid present in the ancestral strain of K. aerogenes. However, since these plasmids do not contain the genes required for pentitol catabolism and some enzyme-superproducing strains have lost all DNA homologous to the plasmids, they are not implicated in the fast growth on xylitol. The plasmids contain regions of homology with the Escherichia coli plasmid ColE1. PMID- 6999123 TI - Phenotypic stability of trp operon recombinant plasmids in Escherichia coli. AB - The recombinant plasmids RSF2124-trp and pSC101-trp were examined for their phenotypic stability in Escherichia coli W3110 and its derivatives under various culture conditions. RSF2124-trp and pSC101-trp were stable in a trpAE1 strain. In an amber mutant of the tryptophan repressor gene, RSF2124-trp was fairly stable, whereas pSC101-trp was unstable. All Trp- segregants from the pSC101-trp carrier had lost the entire plasmid. In a mutant carrying the tnaA mutation, RSF2124-trp was unstable in rich media. Most Trp- segregants that appeared under these conditions were deleted in trp genes as well as in the cI gene on the recombinant plasmid. pSC101-trp in this tnaA mutant was also unstable. All Trp- segregants had lost the plasmid. Studies of enzyme activities revealed that the greater the activity of anthranilate synthase and tryptophan synthase in bacteria, the more segregants tended to appear in the stability test. RSF2124 and pSC101 without the trp gene were completely stable in the same bacteria. The apparent instability of bacteria carrying the recombinant plasmid could be explained by the lower growth rate compared with bacteria carrying only the vector plasmid, resulting in the enrichment of Trp- bacteria during culture. PMID- 6999124 TI - In vitro development of resistance to nystatin by Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata. AB - The levels of resistance to nystatin induced in 16 strains of Torulospsis glabrata by a few subcultures in the presence of the drug were high (minimum inhibitory concentrations > 20 000 U ml-1) compared with those obtained in 12 strains of Candida albicans (minimum inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 2000 U ml-1). The results suggest a high rate of mutation in the first species. PMID- 6999125 TI - Proteus mirabilis phages 5006M, 5006M HFT k and 5006M HFT ak: physical comparison of genome characteristics. AB - The genomes of proteus mirabilis phages 5006M, kanamycin resistance transducing variant 5006M HFT k and kanamycin-ampicillin resistance transducing variant 5006M HFT ak have been compared. Homo- and heteroduplex and partial denaturation mapping analyses were performed. The results confirm a sequential headful packaging mechanism, facilitate mapping of the ampicillin resistance marker, demonstrate a hairpin loop structure in both variants, reveal a common insertion site for 8 X 10(6) mol. wt. non-phage DNA in both variants and implicate a role for the non-inducible cryptic host strain prophage 5006M in the generatin cycle of the variant phages. PMID- 6999126 TI - Continued chemical and physiological studies with antigonadotropic fractions from extracts of bovine pineal glands. AB - A variety of experiments carried out in recent years are reviewed and evidence is presented for the presence of non-indolic, pineal antigonadotropic substances in pineal extracts and partially purified pineal fractions. Other data are presented suggesting the presence of prolactin releasing and release-inhibiting substances in bovine pineal glands. Also, the sulfur-containing amino acid and putative neurotransmitter taurine was found in large quantities in bovine pineals closely associated with fractions possessing antigonadotropic activity. PMID- 6999127 TI - The PLATO project. PMID- 6999128 TI - The use of choline chloride in ataxic disorders. AB - Fourteen patients with a variety of ataxic disorders were given choline chloride, double blind for six weeks, in an attempt to improve gait and manual dexterity. One patient withdrew before receiving the active drug, twelve patients showed no functional improvement, but one achieved greater mobility; his response, which was dose dependent, ceased when choline was stopped and was reproducible. PMID- 6999129 TI - Hughlings Jackson's Dr Z: the paradigm of temporal lobe epilepsy revealed. AB - On 10 January 1894, a distinguished physician died in London of an overdose of chloral hydrate. The event was of vital interest to Hughlings Jackson who attended the post-mortem examination with a bevy of witnesses. He begged his colleague Walter Colman "to search the taste region of Ferrier on each half of the brain very carefully." They were rewarded by finding " a very small focus of softening in that region (in the uncinate gyrus) of the left half of the brain." Jackson had thus discovered the most discrete and circumscribed lesion of the temporal lobe yet described to assoicate with the most detailed and elegant self report of psychomotor epilepsy yet published. For the physician, whom Jackson and Colman called "Dr Z" in their report in Brain(2) had been Jackson's patient since 1877 and his own account of his epileptic experience had occupied six pages of Jackson's 1888 article "On a particular variety of epilepsy...."(7) Jackson had himself witnessed several of Dr Z's attacks. The case enabled Jackson to argue that the complex symptomatology of the seizure was due to "reflex" effects of epileptic discharges in that area of brain. It is the paradigm of temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 6999131 TI - Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Autosomal dominance in 14 members over 3 generations. AB - Discovery oa a second affected branch of a family with transmitted Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD), originally reported by Buge et al. in 1978, brings the total number of cases to 14 in 3 generations, with at least 20 members of the next young adult generation presently at risk. Complete segregation of the illness to the descendants of these 2 branches, with no skipped generations, and an overall frequency of CJD in affected sibships of 56%, clearly defines a pattern of autosomal dominance. The disease is indifferent to sex, either in terms of affected members (8 males and 6 females) or of lineage (3 fathers and 3 mothers). Acquisition of CJD virus from a point source contamination is unlikely, and case to-case transmission, if it occurred, would have required an average minimum incubation period of 17 years. PMID- 6999130 TI - Melanotic mucin-producing neuroepithelial neoplasm of mesencephalon with consideration of similar tumours in different locations. AB - A six month old boy had a mesencephalic melanotic neoplasm of the neuro epithelial derivatives which produced mucin. Location in the mesencephalon and production of the mucin have not been described previously for this kind of intracranial tumour. The various cellular elements within the growth are in accord with diverse differentiations of the neuroepithelium of the neural tube, the neuroectodermal part of the neural crest, or both. Derivatives of the neural tube and crest can be melanotic, and some neuroepithelial derivatives (ependyma, oligodendrocyte, and choroidal epithelium) produce mucin. Hence, melanotic neuroepithelial neoplasms with mucinous product can occur. The present tumour is similar to lesions variously designated as melanotic medulloblastoma, retinal anlage tumour, and progonoma. Diverse differentiation of the neuroepithelium of the neural tube, or of the neuroectodermal part of the neural crest, or both would create these variously named tumours. The frequency of melanotic neuroepithelial neoplasms in infancy, and the presence of papillae strongly suggest congental derivation. PMID- 6999132 TI - The long-term results of stereotaxic surgery and L-dopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. A 10-year follow-up study. AB - Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease underwent sterotaxic surgery in Edinburgh between 1965 and 1967, and were examined every 2 years for a total follow-up period of 10 years. Although stereotaxic surgery had been extremely effective in treating tremor and rigidity, the other manifestations of Parkinson's disease were noted to progressively affect more patients at each follow-up examination. L dopa therapy was instituted in 36 patients after 1968. The effect of L-dopa on bradykinesia was remarkable, but the long-term benefit on the other manifestations of Parkinson's disease was negligible. Furthermore in most cases L dopa became progressively ineffective for bradykinesia after 3 to 5 years. L-dopa induced tremor and involuntary movements were less frequently noted in limbs contralateral to the side of a previous stereotaxic procedure. It was concluded that in patients presenting with tremor and rigidity as the major problem in their parkinsonian syndrome, the most effective form of palliative therapy is stereotaxic surgery, and that L-dopa should be reserved for the management of bradykinesia. PMID- 6999133 TI - Floyd Shelton Doft (1900-1978). A biographical sketch. PMID- 6999134 TI - Effect of intrajugular administration of insulin on feed intake, plasma glucose and plasma insulin of sheep. AB - The effect of intrajugular administration of insulin on feed intake, plasma glucose and plasma insulin of 16 wether sheep was studied. A concentrate ration was fed ad libitum to eight wethers, and a forage ration fed to eight different wethers. For each ration, feed intake of four of the eight wethers was measured in one experiment and blood was sampled from the other four wethers at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after injection in a second experiment. The four treatments were saline, 1 mU, 6 mU and 2,000 mU insulin/kg body weight. The highest insulin dose did not affect feed intake of either ration despite producing a marked hypoglycemia, whereas the 6 mU insulin treatment depressed feed intake 1 hour after injection with small changes in concentration of plasma glucose in sheep fed either the concentrate or forage ration. Concentration of plasma insulin was elevated 15 minutes following the 6 mU insulin treatment for the concentrate and forage ration, while 1 mU insulin did not affect plasma insulin. The results of this study suggest a possible role for insulin in the short-term control of feeding in sheep fed either a concentrate or forage ration. PMID- 6999135 TI - Effect of intraportal and continuous intrajugular administration of insulin on feeding in sheep. AB - The effect of intraportal and intrajugular administration of insulin on feed intake and on glucose and insulin of jugular blood was studied. Ad libitum intake of four wethers was measured and jugular blood was sampled at various times after intraportal administration of the treatments and meal initiation. The treatments injected in the first experiment were saline, 2 mU, 4 mU and 6 mU insulin/kg body weight (BW), and in a second experiment were saline, 2 mU, 6 mU and 12 mU insulin/kg BW/minute infused over a 15-minute period. Feed intake was depressed only by 15-minute intraportal infusion of the 2 mU and 6 mU doses. Plasma insulin was elevated at 5 minutes after injection of 4 mU and 6 mU insulin/kg BW, and elevated at 5 and 15 minutes after 15-minute infusion of all three treatments; plasma glucose was not affected. Two additional experiments used four wethers in which jugular blood was sampled during a 24-hour intrajugular infusion of insulin. The combined treatments were saline, 0.02 mU, 0.2 mU, 2 mU and 6 mU insulin/kg BW/minute. The 6 mU dose stimulated feed intake, 2 mU increased plasma insulin and both 2 and 6 mU depressed plasma glucose. Thus, the site, timing and amount of exogeneous insulin administration may cause varying feed intake responses. The results are discussed with respect to a possible role of insulin in appetite control in sheep. PMID- 6999136 TI - Sex variation in dietary regulation of insulin receptors in man. AB - Hyperinsulinemia is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased binding of insulin to specific cellular receptors. In cells growth in culture, insulin directly decreases the concentration of its own receptor. Therefore, a negative feedback system has been proposed in which insulin sensitivity is regulated by insulin itself. In the present study, we investigated if nutritional factors could also regulate insulin binding to circulating monocytes in normal volunteers. The caloric content of their diet was kept constant and was calculated to maintain constant body weight. The diet consisted of 45% carbohydrate for the first 4 days and 75% carbohydrate for the next 7 days. In men, the high carbohydrate diet was associated with a 37% (P < 0.01) fall in insulin binding without change in serum or urinary levels of insulin. Despite the fall in insulin binding, no rise in serum glucose or free fatty acids was observed. In women, the high carbohydrate diet was not associated with any changes in insulin levels, insulin binding, glucose or fatty acids. We conclude that dietary regulation of insulin receptors in normal weight subjects is sex specific. Carbohydrate loading can decrease insulin binding in normal men by a mechanism that is not dependent on hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6999138 TI - Case 32, part 2. Cicatricial pemphigoid (benign mucous membrane pemphigoid). PMID- 6999137 TI - Case 32, part 1. PMID- 6999139 TI - Fine structure of artificial splits in femoral condylar cartilage of the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Artificial splits made in rat femoral condylar articular cartilage have been studied by SEM. Three types of split have been described; non-layered, unidirectional layered and multidirectional layered. The frequency of each type of split varies in the different regions of the condyle. Deformation and crack propagation are features of layered splits and the latter are often accompanied by exposure of fibres. The fibre pattern over the articulating surface of the rat femoral condyle, revealed by trypsin or NaOH treatment, has been determined and a correlation found between this pattern and the orientation of splits previously observed by ILM. The influence of fibre arrangement on split production is discussed and consideration given to other factors, such as mechanical stress, chondrocyte distribution or PG concentration gradients, which may determine both characteristic patterns. Further evidence is presented of the value of the pin prick method as a technique for exploring the nature of normal and abnormal articular cartilage. PMID- 6999140 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked inhibition assay for rapid detection of streptococcal antigen. AB - We have developed an enzyme-linked monoclonal antibody inhibition assay to detect bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. The monoclonal antibody used in this immunodiagnostic test was produced by continuous cultures of hybrid myeloma cell lines. Using this assay, type III GBS antigen was detected in CSF specimens from 11 culture-proven cases of GBS meningitis and in the knee aspirate from an infant with GBS septic arthritis. Five spinal fluid specimens from meningitis due to other bacterial pathogens and ten other control samples were negative. The ELMIA detected streptococcal antigen at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, and is more sensitive and specific than currently used immunodiagnostic tests. PMID- 6999142 TI - Twin pregnancies: incidence of group B streptococcal colonization and disease. PMID- 6999141 TI - Hepatitis B infection in pediatric dialysis and transplant patients: significance of e antigen. AB - We examined the clinical significance of hepatitis Be antigenemia in 36 HBsAg positive pediatric dialysis and renal transplant patients. One hundred twenty seven sera were tested for HBeAg and anti-HBe. Seventy-three sera (57%) from 29 patients (81%) contained HBeAg. The presence of HBeAg was associated with an increased titer of HBsAg (P < 0.005) and with the presence of the HBsAg carrier state (P < 0.001). HBeAg was found in 40% of specimens taken from dialysis patients, and in 70% of specimens from transplant patients (P < 0.001). No serum contained anti-HBe, although 28 of 29 sera (97%) tested had antibody to HBcAg. No association was found between the presence of HBeAg and serum aminoleucine transferase levels or the histologic evidence of chronic active hepatitis. Fifteen HBeAg negative sera from patients persistently positive for HBsAg were tested for HBV-specific DNA polymerase activity; 7 (47%) had significant activity. Since both HBeAg and DNA p are indicators of infectivity, many HBeAg negative sera from immunosuppressed HBsAg carriers may be infectious. PMID- 6999143 TI - Effective use of captopril (angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor) in severe childhood hypertension. PMID- 6999144 TI - Use of rabbit serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Long-term cultivation of four strains of Plasmodium falciparum was achieved in medium with rabbit serum following earlier cultivation of these parasites in medium containing human serum. After a 2- to 3-wk period of adaptation by parasites to their new environment, growth in fresh-frozen rabbit serum was indistinguishable from that observed in human serum. Furthermore, the growth of parasites in medium supplemented with 5% lyophilized serum was similar to that observed when 5 or 10% frozen serum was used. Variability in parasite growth observed with sera obtained from different rabbits could be overcome by the pooling of serum samples. The results suggest that the replacement of human serum by rabbit serum in the cultivation of P. falciparum would be helpful under a number of different circumstances. PMID- 6999146 TI - Pathophysiology of intracranial haemorrhage in the newborn. PMID- 6999145 TI - Growth and isolation of single colonies of Trypanosoma cruzi on solid medium. PMID- 6999147 TI - Postsurgical bone loss following root planing by ultrasonic and hard instruments. AB - The ultrasonic scaler is currently used to plane the roots in periodontal surgery. The purpose of this study was to provide experimental evidence in support of, or against, the use of the ultrasonic scaler for root planning in periodontal surgical procedures. A notch was made through the enamel of each canine of nine adult cats. Full thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated on each canine. Using hand curettes, soft tissue tags were removed from each tooth. At the maxillary right canines and mandibular left canines the roots were planed using the ultrasonic scaler, while at the maxillary left canines and mandibular right canines the roots were planed using hand curettes. A caliper was used to measure the distance from the notch to the crest of the alveolar process at each tooth. The mucoperiosteal flaps were repositioned and secured with cyanoacrylate cement. Three months postoperatively all 36 sites were reoperated and the distance from the notch of each canine to the crest of its alveolar process was measured using the caliper. The same caliper was used for all sites and the same investigator made all the measurements. Analysis of the results showed that all canines lost alveolar bone as a result of the surgical procedure, however, there was no statistical significance between the amount of bone lost on the canines where root planing was carried out by the ultrasonic scaler and the canines where the roots were planed with hand curettes. These findings support the use of the ultrasonic scaler for the planing of roots following elevation of mucoperisteal flaps and confirm its value in the practice of periodontal surgical procedures. PMID- 6999148 TI - An evaluation of minocycline in patients with periodontal disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the passage into and concentration of Minocycline HCl (Minocin) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the relationship between its concentration of saliva. GCF, serum and changes in periodontal health. Over an 8 day period, 10 adults with periodontal disease received orally 200 mg/day of Minocin and 10 other received 150 mg/day. The parameter evaluated included the DMF, gingival index, plaque index, crevice depth, oral soft tissue evaluation. SMA-12, CBC, prothrombin time, and concentrations of Minocin in serum, saliva and GCF. The DMF score, crevice depth, SMA-12, CBC and prothrombin time were determined on days 1 and 8. All other parameters were evaluated on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8. The results of this study showed that Minocin administration resulted in no significant changes in blood chemistry, blood counts and prothrombin time, was effective against oral microorganisms as shown by reductions in plaque scores, produces an improvement in gingival health, is present in serum at therapeutically effective levels when given in doses of either 200 mg or 150 mg per day and is concentrated in gingival crevicular fluid at levels 5 times as high as serum. PMID- 6999149 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity. AB - The effectiveness of potassium nitrate (5%, delivered in a low abrasive toothpaste vehicle) as a daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated in a 4-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative study of 27 subjects with the condition. Hypersensitivity levels in affected teeth were assessed by two quantifying methods--electrical stimulus and cold air stimulus--and by a subjective recall procedure. The results from these three methods of assessment indicate that potassium nitrate desensitizes hypersensitive teeth to a significant degree. The therapeutic response (decline in dentinal hypersensitivity) to potassium nitrate was evident within 1 week and increased continuously for the length of the study period. Sensitivity threshold of teeth adjudged to be normally sensitive were not altered by treatment with potassium nitrate, nor did the agent exert any discernable effects on oral tissues. PMID- 6999150 TI - Physiological aspects of naval problems. PMID- 6999151 TI - Struck by lightning -- the effects upon the men and the ships of HM Navy. PMID- 6999152 TI - Crithidia luciliae assay for antibodies to native DNA in procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus. AB - Sera from 49 patients with procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus or circulating antinuclear antibodies were found to be negative for antibodies to native DNA by the CL immunofluorescence assay. This finding suggests that the CL assay is helpful in discriminating between procainamide-induced and naturally occurring systemic lupus erythematosus. The results further confirm the relatively high degree of specificity of the CL assay for SLE. PMID- 6999155 TI - Ethics, surgery and clinical research. PMID- 6999153 TI - Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus: loss in body fluids. AB - Repeated determination for antinuclear antibody (ANA) were negative in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and severe multisystem involvement including diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome. However, concentration of urinary protein, of pleural fluid and subsequently of serum revealed ANA. This case demonstrates another cause of a false negative ANA in SLE--a low concentration of the antibody in serum and loss in body fluids. PMID- 6999154 TI - Vector potential of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in dissemination of Salmonella enteritidis serotype Typhimurium. PMID- 6999156 TI - Ethical dilemmas in surgery: some philosophical reflections. PMID- 6999157 TI - Direct evaluation of class-specific anti-DNA antibodies by an immunoenzymatic technique. AB - Antibodies against native DNA have been evaluated by an immuno-enzymo assay (ELISA) using glucose oxidase labelled Ig class-specific antibodies. Results of the ELISA test were significantly correlated with those of the Farr test performed with native DNA as well as with the degree of clinical activity. ELISA is proposed as a simple method for the direct evaluation of class-specific anti native DNA antibodies in systemic lupus and related diseases. PMID- 6999158 TI - Demonstration of antibodies to double-stranded DNA by the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test. AB - All of 627 sera positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) among 1,862 sera received during a three-month-period for routine examination of ANA were tested for antibodies to native double stranded (ds) DNA by the Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast immunofluorescence test. Eighty-seven (14%) of the ANA-positive sera had antibodies to dsDNA. These sera were derived from 73 patients. Forty out of 73 patients with dsDNA antibodies in their sera had the clinical diagnosis SLE. Among the other 33 patients there were eight cases diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, one case of psoriatic arthritis, four cases of unclassified arthritis, one case of polymyalgia rheumatica, five cases of chronic hepatitis, three cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and 11 cases with various other disorders. Antibodies to dsDNA, even at high titre, were demonstrated both in patients with clinically active and in patients with clinically inactive SLE. PMID- 6999159 TI - The detection of double stranded DNA antibody using human metaphase chromosomes. AB - Double stranded native DNA (dsDNA) antibody detection is important in the diagnosis and management of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Current radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination assays for DNA antibodies are technically complicated or show considerable inter-laboratory variation. A simple inexpensive indirect immunofluorescence method using fixed human metaphase chromosomes for DNA antibody estimation is described. The method has been compared with the Farr radioimmunoassay and Crithidia luciliae techniques. The metaphase test showed 100% correlation with a positive Farr assay in 38 of 373 routine DNA antibody estimations. Simultaneous testing using Crithidia showed 84% correlation, indicating greater sensitivity of the metaphase method. Enzyme treatment of metaphase and Crithidia substrate abolished reactivity on DNAase treated substrate alone, and DNA specific fluorescent staining further confirmed metaphase substrate specificity. The metaphase test appears simple, specific, of greater sensitivity, easily read, and can be utilized in large or small laboratories to determine DNA antibodies and their subclasses. PMID- 6999160 TI - The role of imagination in the disease process: post-Cartesian history. AB - A previous paper traced the pre-Cartesian history of the concept of imagination as a causal variable in physiopathology. The present paper continues that history, showing the prohibitive impact of mind--body dualism and sampling the views of some eighteenth- and nineteenth-century supporters of the theory. Contemporary research has produced abundant evidence supporting the historic belief that imagination has an around function and a direct link to physiopathology. This literature is surveyed and possible therapeutic applications are discussed. PMID- 6999162 TI - Edwin Bentley, MD, 1824--1917: Connecticut Yankee in Washington and Little Rock. PMID- 6999161 TI - The opiates: two centuries of scientific study. PMID- 6999163 TI - De Clerambault syndrome (erotomania): a review and case presentation. AB - A syndrome which was first described by G.G. De Clerambault in 1885 is reviewed and a case is presented. Popularly called erotomania, the syndrome is characterized by the delusional idea, usually in a young woman, that a man whom she considers to be of higher social and/or professional standing is in love with her. She develops an elaborate delusional process about this man, his love for her, his pursuit of her, and her inability to escape his "affectionate clutches." This syndrome may persist for a period of a few weeks to a few months in the recurrent form and be replaced by a similar delusion about another man. In the fixed form, which is the example of the case being presented here, it may persist for several years. The patient presented here has experienced this syndrome for eight years; there are reports in the literature of persons maintaining the syndrome for longer than 25 years.Patients with this syndrome may be diagnosed as having paranoid vera or other forms of paranoid disorder, or as paranoid schizophrenic. In light of the overwhelming nature of the delusional process affecting this patient's total life experience with marked delusions of persecution, grandeur, jealously, and self-depreciation as well as ideas of reference (illusions), and agitated and sometimes bizarre behavior, it seems quite appropriate that her diagnosis may be termed schizophrenic reaction, paranoid type.The literature is surveyed in depth and the case is presented in sequential detail. PMID- 6999164 TI - Recognition and treatment of nongonococcal urethritis in clinical practice. AB - Nongonococcal urethritis is a relatively common disorder in sexually active individuals. The incidence is almost as high, if not higher, than gonorrhea. This syndrome may present with signs and symptoms indistinguishable from acute gonococcal urethritis. It is essential to differentiate the two diseases, as treatment protocols are different. Early recognition of nongonococcal urethritis and proper therapy will often lead to complete resolution and prevention of annoying complications. PMID- 6999167 TI - Trace elements in human nutrition. PMID- 6999165 TI - Decreased resistance to infection in exercised mice exposed to NO2 and O3. AB - A mechanized wheel was constructed for use in evaluating the interaction of exercise and gaseous pollutants such as O3 and NO2. Immediately after the pollutant exposure, both exercised and nonexercised female mice (CD-1) were combined with controls, challenged with an aerosol of viable Streptococcus pyogenes (group C), and then observed over a 15-d period for incidence of mortality. Exposure to O3 at 196 micrograms/m3 (0.1 ppm) or 590 micrograms/m3 (0.3 ppm) while exercising yielded mortality rates that were significantly higher than those observed in the O3 groups that were not exercised. With exposure to NO2 at 5640 micrograms/m3 (3 ppm), exercise produced a significant enhancement in mortality over the other treatment groups. These studies show that exercise can affect the mortality observed in this model system and indicate the need for establishing safe exposure levels of pollutants as a function of the activity level of the exposed population. PMID- 6999166 TI - Mersilene strip suture in repair of disruptions of the quadriceps and patellar tendons. AB - Disruptions of the extensor mechanism of the knee most commonly involve fracture of the patella. Less frequently, patellar and quadriceps tendons are ruptured either spontaneously or by trauma. Surgical reconstruction of these tendon injuries is complicated by the difficulty in completely neutralizing tensional force across the repair. To overcome this problem, methods have been developed to reinforce the repair with overlapping flaps or fascia lata. Others advocate wire sutures or loops to relieve the tension. These techniques prolong and complicate the initial procedure and in some methods require a secondary operation for removal of wire sutures. To simplify these repairs we have developed a method of end-to-end repairs using 5-mm Dacron polyethylene terephthalate fiber strips manufactured under the trade name of Mersilene (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). The results of our first ten cases are presented. PMID- 6999168 TI - Bacterial contamination and dilution of milk in infant feeding bottles. PMID- 6999169 TI - Teflon injection of the vocal cord: a clinical and histopathologic study. AB - The clinical records of 69 patients who had Teflon injection of the vocal cord are reviewed. The indications for treatment, methodology and results of therapy are discussed. The histological findings in three serially sectioned autopsy larynges which had been injected with Teflon paste during life are also presented. Special attention is given to the distribution of Teflon and to the local tissue reaction. The findings are discussed in conjunction with the current concepts regarding the use of this therapeutic modality. PMID- 6999170 TI - The structure of kidney mitochondria in low denaturation embedded and in freeze fractured material. PMID- 6999172 TI - Evaluation of the surgical management of Peyronie's disease. AB - Our experience in the management of patients with Peyronie's disease is reviewed. The cure rate with conservative treatment was insignificant and the results of dermal graft procedures were disappointing. Best results and sexual rehabilitation were achieved in patients treated with a penile prosthesis. PMID- 6999173 TI - Histologic grading of primary prostatic cancer: a new approach to an old problem. AB - A simple and objective system for grading prostatic carcinoma was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of 169 cases followed during a 16-year period. The system identified and separated 4 grades of increasing malignancy based on the combined evaluation of gland differentiation and nuclear anaplasia as separate but complementary factors. The system demonstrates significant correlation with mortality rates for each grade group. Retrospective evaluation of the extent of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis also indicates correlation between prostatic grades and clinical stages. PMID- 6999171 TI - Role of the host cell in bacteriophage T4 development. II. Characterization of host mutants that have pleiotropic effects on T4 growth. AB - Mutant host-defective Escherichi coli that fail to propagate bacteriophage T4 and have a pleiotropic effect on T4 development have been isolated and characterized. In phage-infected mutant cells, specific early phage proteins are absent or reduced in amount, phage DNA synthesis is depressed by about 50%, specific structural phage proteins, including some tail and collar components, are deficient or missing, and host-cell lysis is delayed and slow. Almost all phage that can overcome the host block carry mutantions that map in functionally undefined 'nonessential' regions of the T4 genome, most near gene 39. The mutant host strains are temperature sensitive for growth and show simultaneous reversion of the ts phenotype and the inability to propagate T4+. The host mutations are cotransduced with ilv (83 min) and may lie in the gene for transcription termination factor rho. PMID- 6999174 TI - Renal transplantation in children with obstructive uropathy. AB - The outcome of renal transplantation was examined in 52 pediatric patients (mean age 13 years) whose primary renal disease was obstructive uropathy. The bladder was used at transplantation in 45 allograft recipients, 39 of whom had had a previous lower urinary tract operation or bladder defunctionalization. An ileal loop was used in 7 recipients. The 52 patients received 73 renal allografts from 58 cadaver and 15 live-related donors. Presently, 40 patients (77 per cent) have functioning allografts, 4 have returned to dialysis and 8 (15 per cent) have died. The results indicate that the outcome of renal transplantation in patients with obstructive uropathy is similar to that of other transplant recipients. Damaged and defunctionalized bladders may be used successfully in most cases. If necessary an ileal conduit is an effective alternative. Post-transplant urologic complications occur with increased frequency but with appropriate management allograft salvage and patient survival are excellent. PMID- 6999175 TI - Evaluation of renal function by excretory urography. PMID- 6999176 TI - Urinary prostaglandin E2 in acute bacterial cystitis. AB - The levels of prostaglandin E2 were studied in the urine of 14 female patients with acute bacterial cystitis. Ten healthy female students served as a control group. Results indicated a significant increase of urinary prostaglandin levels with a consistent relationship to the onset and duration of the clinical symptoms. PMID- 6999177 TI - A nosocomial epidemic of antibiotic-resistant Serratia marcescens urinary tract infections. AB - Serratia marcescens is an important pathogen in hospitalized urologic patients. We herein describe an epidemic of 134 urinary tract infections caused by a multipe antibiotic-resistant Serratia marcescens. A common source in the cystoscopy area was responsible for 105 infections Cross-contamination on patient floors amplified the magnitude of the epidemic. There was significant patient morbidity, although no deaths could be attributed directly to the outbreak. Particular attention is directed to patient risk factors and the clinical significance of nosocomial Serratia marcescens infections. The clinical approach to epidemic antibiotic-resistant Serratia urinary tract infection should not rely primarily on antibiotic therapy. Stress is placed on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to hospital-acquired infections in general and Serratia marcescens urinary tract infections in particular. PMID- 6999178 TI - Transplantation in children with end stage renal disease of urologic origin. PMID- 6999180 TI - Colon conduit in pediatric renal transplantation. AB - During the last 2 years we have used contralateral colon conduit diversion alternatives. Our review of the literature revealed that of 36 patients with renal transplants into intestinal conduits 19 (52.8 per cent) survived with a functional transplant. Of these patients 17 were children including 12 (70.6 per cent) who have functional grafts. In 1 of our patients a large submucosal hematoma developed along the ureteral tunnel, which resolved with expectant management. These preliminary data for this high risk group of pediatric transplant patients requiring intestinal diversion are encouraging. PMID- 6999179 TI - Ureteral implantation in kidney transplantation: the use of a mature end ureterostomy. PMID- 6999181 TI - Successive appearance of carcinoma, tuberculosis and nephrolithiasis in a renal allograft. AB - A small renal cell carcinoma was transplanted inadvertently with a kidney from a living donor and was treated with partial nephrectomy. Secondarily, tuberculosis of the renal allograft appeared, which was followed by nephrolithiasis. The kidney was left in place, immunosuppressive treatment was continued and renal function is normal more than 8 years after transplantation, with no sign of the cancer progressing or reactivation of the tuberculosis. PMID- 6999182 TI - Re: in vitro bacterial adherence to vaginal cells of normal and cystitis-prone women. PMID- 6999183 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6999186 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6999184 TI - Flannery O'Connor's lupus. A commentary on her collected letters, The Habit of Being. PMID- 6999185 TI - Irvine H. Phage, MD: not one man, but many. PMID- 6999187 TI - Renal transplant-associated malaria. PMID- 6999188 TI - Unreliability of radiodilution assays as screening tests for cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated problems with the radiodilution assay method for measuring serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels. We have found the standard commercial radiodilution kit assay to be totally ineffective in screening for cobalamin deficiency. In a four-month period, 352 patients were screened in a routine clinical laboratory using this kit. None of the serum samples yielded a result below the given normal range of 200 to 1,100 pg/mL. However, when 42 patients with low-normal serum cobalamin levels (200 to 500 pg/mL) were retested by a combination of a modified radiodilution kit, a human intrinsic factor assay, and a microbiological (Lactobacillus leichmannii) assay, 16 (36%) were identified as having serum cobalamin levels that were abnormally low. The diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency may have been incorrectly dismissed in many patients on the basis of test results obtained with these kits, which are in widespread use. PMID- 6999189 TI - Christjaan Eijkman. PMID- 6999190 TI - Literature. PMID- 6999191 TI - [Keypoints in nursing of kidney transplantation patients]. PMID- 6999193 TI - [Current status of surgical treatment during the acute stage of postinfarctional ventricular septal rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999192 TI - [Ecology of the operating room (3)--bacteriological survey on the equipment]. PMID- 6999194 TI - [Reconstruction of sternal defects with autogenous bone graft and myocutaneous flap of latissimus dorsi muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999195 TI - [The role of the kidney in the pathogenesis of post-DCA hypertension in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999196 TI - [Renal ex vivo surgery: some studies on renal preservation during ambithermic condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999197 TI - [Autotransplantation as a reconstructive operation of the upper urinary tract. Report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999198 TI - [Studies of the operative procedure for nephrolithotomy. Part 1. Vertical interrupted parenchymal suture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999199 TI - [Studies of the operative procedure for nephrolithotomy. Part 2. Improvement in the operative procedure for the suture after nephrotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999201 TI - Constitutive uncoupling of the controls for growth and differentiation in myeloid leukemia and the development of cancer. PMID- 6999200 TI - Retinoids: tumor preventers or tumor enhancers? PMID- 6999202 TI - [A review on mechanism of anti-tumor action of BCG (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999203 TI - [Cancer immunotherapy with BCG and its derivatives--clinical trials (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999204 TI - [Chronological review of TB research--from a clinical viewpoint (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999205 TI - New approaches to macrophage function. PMID- 6999207 TI - [Early myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6999206 TI - [Usefulness of the pulmonary isotope curve for determination of the degree of left-to-right cardiac shunts]. PMID- 6999208 TI - [Prostacyclins and the development and treatment of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6999211 TI - [Central and renal hemodynamics in hypertension with high, normal and low renin activity in the blood plasma]. AB - Simultaneous study of renin activity in plasma of peripheral blood and values of central and renal hemodynamics in 180 patients with hypertensive disease showed no significant differences in the hemodynamic values in patients with stage I of the disease which differed in the activity of blood plasma renin. No dependence of the volume of circulating blood on the type of reninemia was revealed in stage II, but a significant decrease in the coefficient of circulation effectiveness and in cardiac output and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance were disclosed in patients with low renin activity in blood plasma. Diminished effective renal blood flow and increased renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction were the most marked findings in patients with high renin activity. The changes in renal hemodynamics may be associated with the effect of intrarenal angiotensin II. PMID- 6999210 TI - [Hyperlipidemia, hemodynamics and transcapillary metabolism in arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6999209 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris - disorders of carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 6999212 TI - [Left ventricular myocardial function in ischemic heart disease in combination with hypertension]. AB - The work discusses the echocardiographic data on the function of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertensive disease. Computer treatment of the echocardiograms allowed the authors to study not only the systole but the diastole also. It is shown that in patients in whom hypertensive disease is combined with ischemic heart disease, the process of myocardial relaxation is disturbed. The function of the left atrium is disturbed to a greater measure and earlier, and these disturbances preceed the disorders of th function of the left ventricle. PMID- 6999213 TI - [History of the journal "Kinderarztliche Praxis" .3. The 1st pediatric journal in the German language]. PMID- 6999214 TI - [History of the journal "Kinderarztliche Praxis". 4. Further journals on pediatrics in the German language, founded before 1930]. PMID- 6999215 TI - [State of pancreatic incretory function in calculous cholecystitis and its complications]. PMID- 6999216 TI - [Suturing apparatus for applying a transduodenal choledochoduodenostomy]. PMID- 6999217 TI - [Reparative process in the liver after its instrumental resection depending on the type of lining material]. PMID- 6999219 TI - [Acute ulcerative gastrointestinal hemorrhages in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6999218 TI - [Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistulae (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6999220 TI - [Results of creating portacaval anastomoses in children with extrahepatic blockade of the portal circulation]. PMID- 6999221 TI - [Importance and sequence of emergency exploration in massive hemorrhages from the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6999222 TI - [Finding of S. sonnei in the peritoneal exudate]. PMID- 6999223 TI - [Abdominal form of pseudotuberculosis simulating acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6999224 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in patients with herpetic corneal disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 25 patients with primary and 24 patients with recurrent herpetic corneal disease the cell-mediated immunity to Herpes simplex virus antigen (type I) was measured using a leukocyte migration inhibition assay. After a period of one to 24 months 25 of the patients were tested again. The diagnostic possibilities offered by this method, especially in respect of control of immune-stimulating therapy, and its pitfalls are discussed. PMID- 6999225 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in inflammatory eye diseases]. AB - The occurrence of antinuclear antibodies was investigated in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, senile cataract and retinal detachment, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The values obtained were the same as those for a normal population. Additionally, the presence and titer levels of ANA were tested in patients with endogenous uveitis, papillitis and optic neuritis. Our results suggest that ANA do not occur more frequently in these conditions. PMID- 6999226 TI - [Long-term results with timolol]. AB - The results of an 18-month study with Timolol in 36 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension are presented. Patients with ocular hypertension were well controlled with Timolol alone, while in the glaucoma group most patients needed combined treatment with a parasympathomimetic drug. Some trends suggest a continuous diminution of the hypotensive effect to Timolol, especially in the glaucoma group. No severe reactions were observed, although slight bradycardia could represent a risk for patients with severe heart conditions. Minor local and systemic side effects are mentioned. PMID- 6999227 TI - [Vicryl in cataract surgery: a step toward the ideal suture]. AB - On the basis of a study of 35 cataracts, of which 16 were in bilateral cases where both eyes were operated on simultaneously, the author shows that in the search for the ideal suture, it is worth trying a reabsorbable material. Vicryl is without doubt to be recommended in view of its easy handling once one is familiar with it, its reliability, regular reabsorption period, good tolerance by patients, minimal inflammatory reaction and the absence of any complications that may be attributed to it. PMID- 6999228 TI - [The eye disease of Francis of Assisi (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999230 TI - [One-step lens extraction and penetrating corneal grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999231 TI - [Developmental disturbances of lacrimal ducts: I. Survey of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999232 TI - [Dr. Walter Reiners]. PMID- 6999234 TI - Hepatic abscesses in beagle puppies. AB - Postmortem examination revealed hepatic abscesses in 49 laboratory beagle dogs dying during the first 10 weeks of life. The abscesses appeared to be omphalogenic in origin and frequently contained Gram-positive coccoid bacteria most often identified as Staphylococcus and less often as Streptococcus. A few abscesses contained Gram-positive, branching, beaded, filamentous organisms never successfully cultured. Puppies with hepatic abscesses died as early as 3 days of age and 46 (94%) were dead by 4 weeks of age. PMID- 6999233 TI - A transport medium for murine mycoplasma. AB - A medium was investigated for transportation of Mycoplasma pulmonis pure cultures and swabs from animals suspected of having Mycoplasma pulmonis infections. The medium was developed because many culture specimens from animals carry an abundance of contaiminating bacteria masking in vitro growth of Mycoplasma pulmonis. Commonly occurring contaminants were identified, and their antibiotic sensitivities were quantified. The combination of carbenicillin, tribrissen and polymixin B was found to inhibit contaminating bacteria and allow Mycoplasma pulmonis to grow in the transport medium. Mycoplasma pulmonis survived under a wide range of temperatures for extended periods of time in the transport medium. Actual shipment of the medium containing Mycoplasma pulmonis demonstrated its value as a transport medium. The transport medium not only protected Mycoplasma pulmonis in transit but also was selective in promoting its growth in vitro. PMID- 6999229 TI - [Biochemical investigations of aqueous humor in acute anterior uveitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999235 TI - Susceptibility differences of inbred mice to induction of autoimmune renal tubulointerstitial lesions. PMID- 6999236 TI - "From where we have come to where we are going". PMID- 6999238 TI - The "Linguameter": a device for investigating tongue-muscle control. AB - A device we call a Linguameter is described. It allows measurement of subjects' abilities to position their tongues at points in the horizontal plane. Results with a prototype are reported for three tasks. All subjects could reproduce, bisect, and transpose arbitrary intervals with a very high degree of accuracy. This highly accurate normal performance, coupled with the sensitivity of the device, may make it of interest in studies of the oral or other sensory-motor system's normal functioning, as well as in investigations of sensory-motor pathology. PMID- 6999237 TI - Determination of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) in body fluids by ion-pair chromatography. AB - Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone), Methyl-G, is a potent antineoplastic agent currently undergoing Phase l clinical trials. Serum, ascitic and pleural fluids, and urine are deproteinized with methanol, supernatant is evaporated, residue is redissolved in the eluent, lipids are removed with carbon tetrachloride, and an aliquot of the aqueous layer injected into the chromatograph. Ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (Ethyl-G) is the internal standard. The mobile phase is a mixture of an aqueous buffer (containing 0.004 M heptane and pentane sulfonic acid, 90%:10%, buffered to pH 3.5) and methanol (68%:32%). The ion-pair complex is retained on a micro Bondapak C18 column, eluted with a flow of 2.0 mL/min. Absorbance is measured at 280 nm. Detectability: 30 ng/mL (0.11 micro M) in serum, ascitic and pleural fluids, 300 ng/mL (1.1 micro M) in urine. Calibration curves (peak height ratios of Methyl-G/Ethyl-G plotted against known drug concentrations) were linear in the 0.1-30 microg/mL range. Correlation coefficinets were 0.999; coefficients of variation for reproducibility were less than 5%. Residual blood levels of Methyl-G persist for several days. Methyl-G was found to pass into ascitic fluid. PMID- 6999240 TI - Factors involved in successful freezing of kidneys for transplantation. Preliminary experimental observations. PMID- 6999239 TI - Principal and differential effects of haoperidol and placebo treatments upon speech disfuluencies in stutterers. AB - Fourteen stutterers completed a double-blind crossover study of the effects of Haloperidol and Placebo treatments upon their speech disfluencies. Although clearly not clinically effective, Haloperidol had a statistically significant effect upon reducing disfluency frequency and increasing speaking rate. For most subjects, drug-related reductions in disfluency severity resulted from a decrement in whole-word and phrase repetition, interjection, and revision-type disfluencies rather than from fewer part-word (elemental) repetitions and prolongations of sound or of silence. Neurotic personality profile correlated positively with an overall placebo effect, and there was a positive correlation between abnormal EEG and the drug effect. These findings are discussed in light of the nature of speech disfluency and stuttering and Haloperidol's biochemical and behavioral actions. PMID- 6999241 TI - Alteration of postischemic renal pathology by prostaglandin infusion. PMID- 6999243 TI - Inhibitory effects of Candida albicans extracellular polysaccharides on mouse sarcoma 180. AB - Extracellular glycoprotein produced by Candida albicans in chemically defined medium was used to treat solid Sarcoma 180 tumor cells implanted subcutaneously in Swiss female mice. Neither toxicity nor skin ulcerations surrounding the tumors was observed. Significant tumor inhibition was obtained using different methods to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Comparison of tumor weights after a single treatment (400 mg/kg, ip) on various days after transplantation indicated significant inhibition with a 10--80% regression rate. Multiple doses (800--2,000 mg/kg, ip) regressed 60--90% of all tumors. Subsequent dosage experiments showed an increase percentage of survivors for all treated groups and a significant decrease in tumor size. Studies of the glycoprotein material indicated that it was immunologically active. PMID- 6999242 TI - Histochemical demonstration of steroid hormone binding sites in the lung. PMID- 6999244 TI - Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents. AB - Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, and anise, Pimpinella anisum, are plants which have been used as estrogenic agents for millennia. Specifically, they have been reputed to increase milk secretion, promote menstruation, facilitate birth, alleviate the symptoms of the male climacteric, and increase libido. In the 1930s, some interest was shown in these plants in the development of synthetic estrogens. The main constituent of the essential oils of fennel and anise, anethole, has been considered to be the active estrogenic agent. However, further research suggests that the actual pharmacologically active agents are polymers of anethole, such as dianethole and photoanethole. PMID- 6999245 TI - Hypertensive mechanisms in coarctation of the aorta. Further studies of the renin angiotensin system. AB - The mechanisms of hypertension in coarctation remain to be clearly defined. In other hypertensive states, abnormal plasma renin activity (PRA) has been unmasked by the depletion of extracellular volume and the use of angiotensin antagonists. In a group of patients with coarctation, preoperative and postoperative evaluations of the renin-angiotensin system have been performed. Before operation, a group of patients with coarctation and a group of normal control subjects both underwent salt restriction followed by diuresis. A standard angiotensin antagonist (saralasin) test was performed on the patients with coarctation, and they demonstrated excessive renin-angiotensin activity compared to the control subjects. Following operation, paradoxical hypertension developed in all of the patients. Repeat saralasin test in these patients again revealed excessive angiotensin activity in the same patients as preoperatively. It appears that the renin-angiotensin system plays a more active role in coarctation than previously believed. PMID- 6999246 TI - Prosthetics: the team approach. PMID- 6999247 TI - On a simple model of insulin secretion. PMID- 6999248 TI - An implantable artificial pancreas. PMID- 6999249 TI - [Plasma renin activity, arterial blood pressure and response to beta-adrenergic blockade: a non-demostrated correlation. Practical view points (author's transl)]. AB - Nineteen patients have been treated with timolol maleate (a non selective beta blocking) and the decrease of their blood arterial pressure was correlated with the suppression of renine secretion. The patients which controlled their arterial pressure (63%) as well as those who did not (37%) showed a significative decrease of the plasmatic renine. The patients were diagnosed of essential hypertension, with normal renal function and formed an homogenous group. The sodium intake was similar in all of them. The results showed that although the beta-blocking can act in hypertensive patients through the suppression of the renine angiotensine system, this is not the only maintenance factor of the arterial pressure, nor its only way of action. A relevant point to be stressed in the possibility of ARP stimulation by walking, in spite of the beta-blocking, which means that this is not a total blocking or that there are other factors regulating the ARP secretion, and that act together with the autonomous nervous system. PMID- 6999250 TI - [Bacteremia and sepsis due to Streptococcus agalactiae. Study of eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - During a period of 29 months positive hemocultures to Streptococcus agalactiae corresponding to eight adult patients have been observed. These bacteria were apparently responsible for the clinical picture in five patients. In other two patients S. agalactiae appeared in the course of a sepsis caused by other germ. The remaining patient had a transient bacteremia and no treatment was required. Septic shock and bacterial endocarditis were the cause of death in two patients. Six patients cured. Literature on this subject is reviewed and the better prognosis of sepsis due to S. agalactiae in adults than in neonates is stressed. Endocarditis and meningitis occur as severe complications with poor prognosis. In patients with endocarditis the administration of penicillin and gentamicin as well as the consideration of early surgical replacement of the affected heart valve is recommended. Intravenous penicillin and gentamicin associated with intrathecal gentamicin are indicated in meningeal infections. Vancomycin is a good substitutive antibiotic in patients with penicillin hypersensibility. PMID- 6999251 TI - [Topical, intratumor and intravenous nitrogen mustard in the treatment of mycosis fungoides (author's transl)]. AB - Topical nitrogen mustard (NH2) is recommended in mycosis fungoides stages 1 or 2 (eczematous premycotic phase and plaque stage), intratumor infiltration in stage 3 (tumor stage) and intravenous administration in stages 4 and 5 (widespread disease). Following these criteria ten patients with mycosis fungoides have been treated with NH2. Six cases were included in stages 1 or 2 and complete remission was achieved in four of them. Therapy had to discontinued in one case due to allergic hypersensitivity. The remaining patient experienced clinical improvement after 27 months of continued treatment. There were three patients in stages 4 and 5 and all their plaques disappeared after topical NH2, but tumor regression was completely achieved in one case adn partially in the remaining two. A case with Sezary's syndrome was treated in addition with chlorambucil. Association of newer palliative measures (topical NH2, high energy electron beam therapy, nitrosourea derivatives) offer a hope of cure for patients in stages 1 or 2. Tumor stage requires systemic chemotherapeutic agents (chlorambucil tablets and intravenous nitrogen mustard). PMID- 6999252 TI - The treatment of the insane in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Montpellier. A contribution to the prehistory of the lunatic asylum in provincial France. PMID- 6999253 TI - Medical aspects of tobacco smoking and the anti-tobacco movement in Britain in the nineteenth century. PMID- 6999254 TI - The Royal Maternity Charity: the first hundred years. PMID- 6999255 TI - Ivan Vien and the first comprehensive plague tractate in Russian. PMID- 6999256 TI - John Crane (1571--1652); the Cambridge apothecary and philanthropist. PMID- 6999257 TI - Some notes on the sponsoring of patients for hospital treatment under the voluntary system. PMID- 6999258 TI - The first human blood transfusion: priority disputes (Henry Oldenburg). PMID- 6999260 TI - Looking back: Guy's Hospital. PMID- 6999259 TI - Midwives! Are we doing it right? PMID- 6999261 TI - Looking back: St Thomas's Hospital. PMID- 6999262 TI - Speech production. PMID- 6999263 TI - Speech perception. PMID- 6999265 TI - Phonology. PMID- 6999266 TI - Facial paralysis of neoplastic origin: diagnosis and management. AB - The individual with a progressive (weeks to months) facial weakness should be considered to have a tumor involving the facial nerve until proved otherwise. All individuals experiencing a facial paralysis must undergo a thorough neurotologic evaluation to establish the etiology. Bell's palsy is a diagnosis by exclusion. While computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans, polytomography and arteriograms are extremely helpful, these studies very often fail to demonstrate intrinsic tumors involving the facial nerve. For this reason all individuals experiencing a progressive facial paralysis should have an exploration of their facial nerve from the internal auditory canal (IAC) through the stylomastoid foramen into the parotid gland. The purpose of this paper is to present a series of cases of facial paralysis having as their etiology intrinsic or extrinsic neoplasms. Clinical patterns are established, diagnostic protocols formulated and the results of surgical management reviewed. PMID- 6999264 TI - Some remarks on recent issues in speech-perception research. PMID- 6999267 TI - Draining ears in acute otitis media: reliability of culture. AB - The purulent exudates in the ear canal of 69 children who presented with acute otorrhea were cultured directly onto standard media. No effort was made to either suction out the exudate lying in the canal or to use antiseptic agents on the canal wall. Potential pathogens such as H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenous were recovered from two-thirds of the patients who suffered spontaneous otorrhea. Reliable cultures can be obtained from such patients provided the cultures are plated expeditiously on solid agar. PMID- 6999268 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck A targeted problem and its solution. Skin graft reconstruction following composite resection. PMID- 6999269 TI - Medical-legal aspects of perinatal and surgical infections. AB - Hospital-acquired infections probably constitute the greatest single health hazard for hospitalized patients in the United States. Ironically, the increased safety of obstetric and surgical procedures effected by the advent of antibiotics has led to relaxation of attention to proper aseptic techniques. PMID- 6999270 TI - Salus populi suprema lex est: comments on governmental regulation of medical professional liability insurance. AB - In 1975 nationwide turmoil arose regarding medical professional liability insurance, posing a resolute challenge directly to the liability insurance mechanisms traditionally utilized to underwrite the professional risks of medical practitioners. Further they signaled the real possibility of substantive revisions of the tort-fault foundation of legal actions seeking civil relief for medical malpractice. PMID- 6999271 TI - The disabled physician in civilian practice. AB - In the wake of the 1975 malpractice insurance crises, a flurry of state legislation intended to secure the private professional liability insurance market included attempts to revitalize the scope and authority of state boards of medical registration and quality assurances. Biannual registration, continuing medical education, and concerted response to alleged wrongdoing have resulted. So sensitive is the issue of incapacitation among health care providers that organized medical associations have recognized the need for and have begun to implement plans for disabled physicians. PMID- 6999272 TI - Toxicology and law--1980. AB - With the great forces of change in the twentieth century--industrialization, bureaucratization, and technologic advances--the efforts to promote health and achieve justice require interdependence and cooperation. The new relationship between toxicology and law sharply reflect this need. PMID- 6999273 TI - Mechanism of alteration of the functional fraction of lipoprotein lipase in rat heart. PMID- 6999274 TI - Is prostacyclin in the major pro-inflammatory prostanoid in joint fluid? PMID- 6999275 TI - Cholesterol methodology for human studies. AB - A classification and review of the methodology involved in the determination of serum cholesterol for human (or animal) studies are presented. The purpose of both is to enable selection of a technique appropriate for the assay intended with a reasonable understanding of its advantages, disadvantages and limitations. The various methods discussed include direct reaction systems, partial isolation systems and complete isolation systems, as well as screening, reference and definitive procedures. The interferences that could occur are considered, especially those caused by hemoglobin, the turbidity in lipidemia, and bilirubin, as well as interferences caused by optical aberrations and chemical reactants. The various instrumental methods used to determine cholesterol or a substitute determinand such as hydrogem peroxide are discussed, including spectrophotometry, electrochemistry and densitometry of electrophoretically separated proteins. PMID- 6999277 TI - [Index of the Soviet literature on medical radiology for 1978]. PMID- 6999278 TI - [Gastric secretory function studied using acidotest]. PMID- 6999279 TI - [Ibn-Sina: Avicenna (on the millenium of his birth)]. PMID- 6999276 TI - The analysis of urinary hormonal steroids. AB - A survey in given of current trends in the assay of urinary hormonal steroids. Both group assay methodology and assays for single urinary steroids are reviewed as are semi-automated and automated procedures and high-resolution and high capacity techniques, as applied to the profile analysis of urinary steroid hormones. PMID- 6999280 TI - [BESG-05 electrical stationary drill with a flexible arm]. PMID- 6999281 TI - Achilles tendon disorders in runners--a review. AB - The Achilles tendon and the classification, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of Achilles tendon disorders in runners are reviewed. Due to the presence of a paratenon sheath, the classification of Achilles tendon disease should be revised. Several etiological mechanisms have been proposed in Achilles tendon disease. The authors recognize: faulty foot biomechanics; poor lower leg flexibility; poorly designed athletic footwear; training surfaces; training intensity; overuse through excessive mileage; inactivity; local steroid injections; rheumatic conditions; and indirect violence. An accurate, thorough differential diagnosis is essential when the athlete presents with an Achilles tendon disorder. Except in total rupture and in extensive partial rupture, the authors do not recommend cast immobilization in the treatment of Achilles tendon disease. When the athlete presents with total rupture of the Achilles tendon, the authors believe that surgical repair is the treatment method of choice. Rehabilitation programs to follow successful treatment of Achilles tendon disease are also presented. PMID- 6999282 TI - [African vesico-vaginal fistulas (author's transl)]. AB - Obstetrical vesico-vaginal fistulas in Africa are very frequent and are correlated with the insufficiency or even the lack of health structures and sanitary conditions. They follow up a dystocic parturition, and their prevention requires a correct surveillance of pregnancy and parturition. Their pathogenesis consists in a durable compression of the pelvic cavity by the foetal head, inducing ischemia and later on necrosis. Their difficult treatment is based on clinical inspection which makes possible to distinguish several pathological types of fistulas. Surgical tactic will be selected according to the size of the fistula, the conservation or the destruction of the uretra with the vesico uretral sphincters, the importance of perifistula sclerosis. BRACQUEHAYE'S operation is the basis of the conservatory treatment, associated or not with a technic restoring the urinary continence: either the INGELMAN-SUNDBERG operation of the LE GUYADER rectomyoplasty. When uretra is destroyed, the best palliative intervention is probably the building up of a rectal neobladder. These operations can be performed under conditions often prevailling in Africa. In most cases, they have restored normal social life for the women affected. But setbacks are not rare, and demonstrate the importance of prophylaxis. PMID- 6999284 TI - [Philosophic-philologic element in the medical school. A contribution to medical history meant more for formation than information. I]. PMID- 6999285 TI - [Philosophic-philologic element in the medical school. A contribution to medical history meant more for formation than information. II]. PMID- 6999283 TI - [Efficient bacteriological urine examination in the office using dip-in culture media]. PMID- 6999286 TI - [Old and new methods of chamomile therapy. Chamomile as example for modern research of medicinal plants]. PMID- 6999287 TI - [Occupational diseases in Poland in 1978]. AB - The authors analyse all occupational disease cases found in Poland in 1978. Individual occupational diseases certificates sent to the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz by provincial sanitary-epidemiological stations are information sources. The collected material makes us draw the following concusions: 1. Occupational diseases incidence in Poland in 1978 got increased by 8.7%, compared to 1977. This increase is mainly related to occupational hearing impairment, infectious diseases, diseases of skin and mucous membranes. 2. Occupational intoxications prevalence was decreased. In 1978 the case rate in this group of diseases was lowered by 24%. 3. Among occupational diseases the following were most frequent: hearing impairments, infectious and invasive diseases, conioses, diseases of skin and mucous membranes, vibration disease and poisonings. 4. Most occupational diseases cases in 1978 resulted from many-years occupational exposure to hazardous agents. PMID- 6999288 TI - Memorial tribute to Arthur W. Melton (1906-1978). PMID- 6999289 TI - Peripheral insulin in response to the sight and smell of food. AB - Twenty-five obese and 23 reference women were compared with respect to their peripheral insulin concentrations in response to the sight and smell of food. An additional 21 obese women were examined for different control purposes. The women were examined after fasting for approximately 16 hr. Venous blood samples for determination of glucose and insulin were drawn 20, 10, and 1 min prior to the demonstration of food for 5 min. After the food had been presented to the subjects, samples were drawn at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 20 min. The response was calculated in two different ways: method I--the difference between meal basal insulin values and mean insulin values during and/or after stimulation, and method II--the "insulin area" over the mean basal concentration was calculated for 0-20 min after start of food presentation. Both methods resulted in significantly higher insulin responses in obese as compared to reference subjects. However, when performing duplicate experiments in the same subjects only method II resulted in reproducible results and even with this method the error was as high as 60%-90%. The high error of the method was partly expected since the insulin elevation is most likely not only a function of controlled external cues but also dependent on unknown sensorimotor and cognitive affective alterations. No insulin response was observed when obese women were exposed to an external cue that was not food related. Atropine completely blocked the insulin elevation in response to food related external stimuli indicating that this insulin response is mediated via vagus. PMID- 6999290 TI - Protective effect of small amounts of glucose on abnormal liver function tests during starvation. AB - The effect of small amounts of oral glucose on hepatic function during starvation was studied. A group of 20, nondiabetic, obese, male patients were entered into the protocol. Ten were placed on absolute caloric starvation and the other ten were placed on a starvation diet modified by the daily addition of 8 or 16 g of oral glucose. Five patients in the starved group crossed over to the modified starvation protocol and 3 of the modified starvation group were switched to the starvation group at the end of the initial dietary period. Total serum bilirubin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly lower in the modified starvation group compared to the totally starved group. When the groups crossed over the values were similarly altered; the bilirubin and SGOT reduced with the addition of small amounts of glucose and were elevated with starvation. Fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon, and glucose were similar in both groups; but the 90-min postprandial IRI was doubled while only a 15 mg/dl change in blood sugar was seen. The results show that small amounts of oral glucose reduces the total serum bilirubin, SGOT, and LDH elevation of starvation. It is suggested that the postprandial increase in peripheral IRI seen in modified starvation may expose the liver to pulses of portal vein insulin that may exert a protective effect thru the known hepatotrophic effects of insulin. PMID- 6999291 TI - Effects of probucol on plasma cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A1 and A2 in adults with primary familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6999292 TI - Effect of fructose feeding on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat. AB - Insulin secretion and insulin action were studied in rats fed either a diet containing (as percent of calories) 66% fructose, 22% protein, and 12% fat, or standard rat chow (60% vegetable starch, 29% protein, 11% fat) for 7 days. Plasma glucose concentration following either an oral glucose or fructose load (180 mg/100 g body weight) were slightly higher in the fructose-fed rats, and this was associated with a much greater elevation of plasma insulin concentrations. The ability of insulin to stimulate disposal of glucose load was determined during the continuous infusion of epinephrine, propranolol, glucose, and insulin. Under these condtions the steady state plasma insulin levels were the same in the two groups of rats, whereas the steady state plasma glucose levels were almost twice as high in the fructose fed rats. Thus, fructose feeding for 7 days resulted in an increase in the insulin response to an oral carbohydrate challenge, as well as to a loss of normal insulin sensitivity. PMID- 6999293 TI - Cortisol production in obesity. AB - Absolute cortisol production was estimated from the urinary excretion of tetrahydro metabolites of cortisol in 74 healthy women varying in weight from 12% below to 218% above desirable weight, and in 37 healthy men varying in weight from 3% below to 139% above desirable weight, and was measured by isotope dilution (after 14C tracers) in 26 of the women and 23 of the men. The relationship of both parameters to urinary creatinine excretion (as a measure of lean body mass) and to percent deviation from desirable weight (relative weight) was determined. Both absolute cortisol production and urinary creatinine excretion showed a significant positive linear correlation with relative weight in the men and women, but cortisol production/g urinary creatinine excretion (by isotope dilution or by tetrahydro metabolite excretion) was weight-invariant in both sexes. The geometric mean of cortisol production/g creatinine was 12.9 mg/g in men and 14.5 mg/g in women; the difference was not statistically significant. The geometric mean of tetrahydro metabolite excretion/g creatinine was 3.7 mg/g in men and 3.8 mg/g in women; the difference was not statistically significant. The average ratio of cortisol production to tetrahydro metabolite excretion was 3.5 in men and 3.8 in women, values not significantly different from one another and closely confirming our previously reported value of 3.6, based on the conversion of cortisol tracers to radioactive urinary tetrahydro metabolites. It is concluded that there is no functionally significant elevation of cortisol production in obese men or women: the increase in absolute production is solely a consequence of greater lean body mass, and the production/U lean body mass is weight-invariant. It appears desirable to make any comparisons of one group of patients with another in terms of cortisol production/g urinary creatinine in order to eliminate body size and obesity as confounding factors, so that disease related differences may emerge clearly. PMID- 6999294 TI - Production of reagent antibodies. PMID- 6999295 TI - The use of carbodiimides in the preparation of immunizing conjugates. PMID- 6999296 TI - Enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT. PMID- 6999297 TI - Passive hemagglutination and hemolysis for estimation of antigens and antibodies. PMID- 6999298 TI - The partial purification, separation, and properties of yeast killer toxins. AB - Two different kinds of yeast killer toxins (YKT) have been partially concentrated and their properties and molecular behaviour comparatively studied. The toxin of the first system (YKT1) shows more sensitivity to several agents (temperature, pH, enzymes) than the toxin of the second system (YKT2). YKT1 shows only one chromatographic band on Sephadex G-200, while YKT2 shows two bands. The molecular weights of these bands have been estimated. Both toxins can be separated by isoelectrofocusing and show estimated isoelectrical points of 5.4 (YKT1) and 4.3 (YKT2). PMID- 6999299 TI - Gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions of lipids and membranes isolated from Escherichia coli cells. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine the relationship of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of lipids to fatty acid composition with membrane lipids and spheroplast membranes isolated from cells of a wild strain and an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli grown under various conditions. These lipids and membranes underwent thermotropic phase transitions at different temperatures depending on the thermal properties of their constituent fatty acids. The lipid phase transition occurred at higher temperatures in biomembranes than in extracted lipids. DSC thermograms of lipids synthesized by bacterial cells which were observed at a temperature scanning rate as slow as 0.3 K min-1 were characterized by a distinctly plain peak summit. Endothermic peaks given by samples derived from elaidic acid-enriched cells were relatively narrow and asymmetric. The discrepancy between the transition temperatures measured with extracted lipids and with membraneous fractions, and the shape of the endothermic peaks, are discussed. PMID- 6999300 TI - Changes in chemical composition of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus during maturation and germination. PMID- 6999301 TI - Depression of intestinal lysosomal beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities by gastrointestinal microorganisms. PMID- 6999302 TI - Isolation of citrate utilization plasmid from a bovine Salmonella typhimurium strain. PMID- 6999303 TI - Developments of skills in physiotherapy over the last 60 years. PMID- 6999305 TI - Thoracic duct drainage. PMID- 6999304 TI - The Australian National Blood Pressure Study. PMID- 6999307 TI - You and the U-100 changeover. AB - Between 10% and 58% of diabetics are injecting insulin in doses which are unrelated to their stated doses. Some are injecting five times as much as they and their medical advisers believe they do. At least 6000 Australian diabetics will experience gross dosage changes with the introduction of U-100 insulin unless the members of the medical profession become aware of the problem. Recognition and correction of the problem are discussed. PMID- 6999306 TI - U-100 insulin. PMID- 6999308 TI - Side effects from Seatone. PMID- 6999309 TI - Microwave adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced lymphoma. PMID- 6999310 TI - Human insulin through recombinant DNA technology. PMID- 6999311 TI - [Significance of the glycoside level in digitalis therapy]. PMID- 6999312 TI - [Be alert to heart involvement in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6999313 TI - [Multiple pathology and morbidity in the aged]. PMID- 6999314 TI - [Enzyme induction in the liver changes drug activity]. PMID- 6999315 TI - [Low cholesterol levels: a risk factor for cancer?]. PMID- 6999316 TI - The fifth Myron Karon Memorial Lecture. The cure of cancer by chemotherapy - reflections on how it happened. PMID- 6999317 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of bone. AB - Eosinophilic granuloma of bone is an uncommon granulomatous process for which therapy recommendations vary considerably. Consequently, a survey of the world literature from 1940 to 1974 was undertaken in an attempt to develop more concrete guidelines. This survey revealed that the disease manifests itself primarily in males under 20 years of age of all races. The most common symptom is pain, with or without swelling. Multiple sites in a single case are frequent. The clinical course is generally benign, unlike Letterer-Siwe disease or Hand Schuller-Christian disease. A remission rate of 95% was noted, with relapses usually occurring as distant disease within the first year. Simple excision or curettage was the most common surgical procedure utilized, and radiotherapy doses varied widely. Excellent local control of the disease can be provided using conservative surgery, low-dose irradiation, or both. Morbidity secondary to pathologic fracture or to overly aggressive treatment are the major concerns, not failure to control the disease. PMID- 6999318 TI - Retinoids for the prevention of epithelial cancers: current status and future potential. AB - Prevention of epithelial cancers is needed, as the treatment of such cancers in the advanced state has failed. Vitamin A and its structural analogs called retinoids will prevent cancers of the lung, breast, bladder, stomach, and cervix in animals exposed to carcinogens. Synthetic retinoids, offer less toxicity than natural retinoids and may be acceptable to human trials. Identification of a suitable group at risk for an epithelial cancer which might be reasonably expected to benefit from retinoids should precede planning of a clinical trial. PMID- 6999319 TI - [Various general aspects of of the problem of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the South-East Asia]. PMID- 6999320 TI - [Evaluation of the epidemiological and economic effectiveness of molluscacidic measures in schistosomiasis foci (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6999321 TI - [Method of flea labeling with dyes]. PMID- 6999322 TI - [Chemotherapy of parasitic diseases and immunodepression]. PMID- 6999323 TI - [Comparative effectiveness and tolerance in the vanquin, combantrin and vermox treatments of enterobiasis]. PMID- 6999327 TI - Inhibition by quinine of insulin release and calcium ionophoresis. PMID- 6999326 TI - Giardiasis: update on our most common intestinal parasite. PMID- 6999328 TI - [Study of the kinetics of the reaction reuniting DNA fragments catalyzed by DNA ligase. Case of homogeneous molecules]. AB - The kinetics of different DNA forms formation were studied during the ligation reaction. Reaction was carried out using as a model BamH1 DNA fragments of plasmid pBR322 and DNA-ligase of bacterophage T4. The products of the reaction were separated with 1% agarose gel, followed by DNA quantitation in the corresponding bands by scanning fluorimeter. The kinetics of the ligation reaction were measured in the range of DNA concentrations from 1 to 100 micrograms/ml. The system of differential equations, that described the kinetics of the ligation reaction, was obtained. This has no analytical solution, but may be approximately calculated with a computer. The analysis of kinetic equations was made in order to optimize the ligation reaction. The optimal DNA concentrations were found allowing the maximal yield of multimer circular DNA forms. The simple formula for calculatng these concentrations were developed. The yield of circular DNA multimers might be increased if the reaction is carried out at two stages: initially at high DNA concentration for linear multimers formation followed then a lower concentration after appropriated dilution. The formula for determiantion of the dilution time is presented. The data obtained allow to optimize the reaction conditions providing the recombinant DNA molecules formation. PMID- 6999325 TI - Biochemical genetics of nitrogen fixation. PMID- 6999329 TI - [Affinity modification of Escherichia coli Dna-polymerase I by 4-(N-2-chloroethyl N-methylamino)-benzyl-gamma-amides of dTTP and dATP]. AB - The interaction of dTTP and dATP gamma-4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino) benzylamidates with E. coli DNA-polymerase I were studied. dTTP and dATP gamma-4 (N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino) benzylamidates act as competitive inhibitors of DNA-polymerase I. Ki values for gamma-analogues of dTTP and dATP have been determined. Reactive dTTP and dATP derivatives are shown to be affinity reagent for this enzyme. PMID- 6999331 TI - Pharmacotherapy and female sexuality. PMID- 6999330 TI - Pharmacological influence of sexual functions in adolescents. AB - The syndromes described are often related to primary endocrine or development defects, but may also result from purely educational or psychological problems. Adolescents may find it difficult to seek help, particularly in the younger age range where early medical intervention is important. While psychotherapy alone is often advisable, the use of anxiolytic agents may be an effective adjunctive treatment. Benzodiazepines are particularly useful because they do not stimulate enzyme activity as do some sedative agents. Teenagers are dependent on the expectations of their parents, and as ANTHONY and RIZZO [1971] have emphasized, the administration of drugs to a member of a family demands an understanding of such expectations, as well as a subtle awareness of the dynamic homeostasis and interactional patterns prevalent in the family at the time. The expectations of parents and the physician concerning the changes due to the drugs prescribed should be synchronized by mutual discussions and questioning. The adolescent has less anxiety tolerance, fewer brakes, less facilities for elaborating his symptoms on symbolic levels, and diminished capacities for postponement of impulsive gratifications; all these factors are important in achieving results by psychological methods alone. The time factor urges us to combine psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; a well-selected drug in moderate dosage will not necessarily impair the transference. We may take the advise of Plato, who said that the drug effect should be supplemented with parleys ("epodai") which will guieten down or cheer up the soul. The modern sex therapist dealing with adolescents might follow this direction. PMID- 6999332 TI - Pharmacotherpay of sexual impotence in the male. PMID- 6999333 TI - Psychopharmcotherapy of sexual disorders in the aged. PMID- 6999334 TI - Pharmacotherapy for sexual offenders: review of the action of antiandrogens with special reference to their psychic effects. PMID- 6999335 TI - [Slow virus infections: the concept of chronic diseases]. PMID- 6999337 TI - [Histometric studies using the point counting method for classification of gluten induced mucosal damage]. PMID- 6999336 TI - [Food antibodies in immunofluorescence in various disorders of gastrointestinal metabolism of food antigens]. PMID- 6999324 TI - Carbohydrate transport in bacteria. PMID- 6999339 TI - [Adequate disinfection in pediatric hospitals]. PMID- 6999338 TI - [In memoriam Professor Dr. Ulrich Kottgen]. PMID- 6999340 TI - Studies in fish-mycopathology--a review. Part I. PMID- 6999341 TI - Vulvovaginal candidosis, effectively treated with one miconazole ovule. PMID- 6999342 TI - Studies in fish-mycopathology - a review. Part II. PMID- 6999343 TI - [The influence of steroids on the antifungal and antibacterial activities of imidazole derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999344 TI - [Interactions between parabens and dermatologically important antifungal drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999345 TI - Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the coronary drug project. AB - The Coronary Drug Project was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several lipid-influencing drugs in the long-term treatment of coronary heart disease. The five-year mortality in 1103 men treated with clofibrate was 20.0 per cent, as compared with 20.9 per cent in 2789 men given placebo (P = 0.55). Good adherers to clofibrate, i.e., patients who took 80 per cent of more of the protocol prescription during the five-year follow-up period, had a substantially lower five-year mortality than did poor adherers to clofibrate (15.0 vs. 24.6 per cent; P = 0.00011). However, similar findings were noted in the placebo group, i.e., 15.1 per cent mortality for good adherers and 28.3 per cent for poor adherers (P = 4.7x10-16). These findings and various other analyses of mortality in the clofibrate and placebo groups of the project show the serious difficulty, if not impossibility, of evaluating treatment efficacy in subgroups determined by patient responses (e.g., adherence or cholesterol change) to the treatment protocol after randomization. PMID- 6999346 TI - Levamisole in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6999347 TI - Data on insulin binding in growth hormone deficiency are questionable. PMID- 6999349 TI - A randomized trial of levamisole versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in malignant melanoma. AB - We conducted a randomized double-blind trial of levamisole versus placebo as adjuvant therapy for surgical treatment of melanoma. Of 203 patients entered into the study, 104 received levamisole and 99 placebo. The distribution of prognostic variables was similar in both groups, indicating the efficacy of the randomization and the absence of bias. Three end points were analyzed: disease free interval, time to appearance of visceral metastasis, and survival. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding any of these end points. In patients with Stage I disease, there was a trend in favor of levamisole regarding time to first visceral recurrence and survival (P = 0.07). We conclude that levamisole has no benefit, as compared with placebo, as adjuvant therapy for malignant melanoma. PMID- 6999350 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 45-1980. PMID- 6999348 TI - A study of induced hyponatremia in the prevention and treatment of sickle-cell crisis. AB - Because the formation of sickle cells is dependent on the intracellular concentration of deoxyhemoglobin S, we investigated the possibility of altering or preventing sickle-cell crises by reducing serum sodium so as to cause red cells to swell. In three patients with sickle-cell anemia who had been disabled by recurrent painful crises, sustained dilutional hyponatremia was induced by 1 desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in combination with a high fluid intake. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration fell, and the degree of sickling at low partial oxygen pressure was reduced, as determined by morphologic criteria and by increased oxygen affinity of blood. Chronic hyponatremia (serum sodium, 120 to 125 mmol per liter) reduced the frequency of painful crises, whereas acutely induced hyponatremia abbreviated the duration of crises. These results, although preliminary, are encouraging enough to warrant further study of the safety and effectiveness of induced hyponatremia in the prevention and treatment of sickle-cell crises. PMID- 6999351 TI - Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6999352 TI - Drug therapy: metronidazole. PMID- 6999353 TI - Hypophosphatemia and glucose intolerance: evidence for tissue insensitivity to insulin. AB - Although hypophosphatemia is commonly present in diabetics, little is known about its isolated effects on glucose and insulin metabolism. We therefore investigated glucose metabolism in six nondiabetic subjects with chronic hypophosphatemia. When glucose was infused to maintain a constant hyperglycemic level (125 mg per deciliter [6.9 mmol per liter] above basal levels), the glucose infusion rate was 36 per cent less in the hypophosphatemic group than in controls (4.90 +/- 0.34 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute vs. 7.64 +/- 0.37, P < 0.001), although responses to endogenous insulin were similar. When exogenous insulin was infused at a constant rate to maintain an insulin level about 100 microU per milliliter (718 pmol per liter) above basal levels and glucose was infused as necessary to maintain fasting glucose levels, the infusion rate of glucose was 43 per cent lower in the hypophosphatemic group than in controls (3.80 +/- 0.58 mg per kilogram per minute vs. 6.70 +/- 0.33, P < 0.001), although the clearance rate of insulin was similar in both groups. These results indicate that hypophosphatemia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism in both the hyperglycemic and euglycemic states, and that this associated primarily reflects decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303; 1259-63.). PMID- 6999354 TI - Sounding boards. Gene therapy in human beings: when is it ethical to begin? PMID- 6999356 TI - Clinical judgment and computers. PMID- 6999355 TI - Immunologic phenotype in large-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6999357 TI - A compilation of published reports of mycoses in animals in India. AB - The available published reports on animal mycoses in India and the fungal agents isolated from animal material are discussed. Among dermatophytes, the occurrence of Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. equimum, T. violaceum, T. simii, T. tonsurans, T. terrestre, T. ajelloi, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and M. namum has been reported. Cases of aspergillosis, candidiasis, phycomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, epizootic lymphangitis, mycotic abortions and mycotic mastitis have been recorded in animals in this country. However, there is no report of histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis among animals from India. PMID- 6999359 TI - [Mycetoma and premycetomatous lesions in Uruguay]. AB - Five cases of mycetomas and 5 "premycetomatous' lesions have been recorded in Uruguay. Two mycetomas were produced by fungi and three by nocardias. The casual fungi were identified as Scedosporium apoispermum in one case and Rubromadurella langeroni in the other. Nocardia asteroides was isolated from 2 cases and no cultures were obtained from the remaining one. Three mycetomas were diagnosed in an early stage of development and easy cures were obtained through medical or surgical procedures. In the other two cases the diagnosis was made in a late stage and the final result was amputation. A new clinical form of mycetoma called "lymphangitic' is proposed after describing a patient with mycetoma of the forearm and arm by S. apiospermum. Premycetomatous lesions included 3 cases of lymphangitic nocardiasis of the arm by N. brasiliensis, an abscess of the shoulder by the same species and an arthritis of the ankle by N. asteroides. All were cured after short periods of therapy. The usual early diagnosis of mycetomas and related diseases un Uruguay is considered to be the result of a prompt medical consultation due mainly to the abscence of important geographical obstacles in the Country. PMID- 6999361 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 6999358 TI - Purification of cytoplasmic antigens from the mycelial phase of Candida albicans: possible advantages of its use in Candida serology. AB - The serology of candidiasis is complicated by the use of poorly defined antigens. Total extracts of the yeast phase have been commonly used as "cytoplasmic' antigen, without regard to the significant amounts of carbohydrate that may contaminate such preparations. This is particularly true in the case of commercially available antigens that have been used as cytoplasmic antigens but actually are richer in carbohydrate than in protein. Affinity chromatography in concanavalin A - Sepharose provides a simple procedure to separate carbohydrates, mainly mannan, from protein antigens in whole Candida extracts. By using mannan poor antigens, the specificity of serological reactions can be increased considerably, since both the positive reactions seen in a-symptomatic donors and the cross-reactions seen in patients infected with other fungi are due to anti mannan antibodies. In contrast, both anti-mannan and anti-cytoplasmic antigen antibodies can be detected in patients suspected of systemic candidiasis. On the other hand, absolute specificity may never be achieved for systemic candidiasis. We have found antibodies against cytoplasmic antigen in a patient allergic to C. albicans, in whom the microorganism was isolated from fecal material. It appears that, under favorable conditions, mucosal sensitization may also trigger as systemic reaction directed against both mannan and cytoplasmic antigens. PMID- 6999360 TI - Directory. PMID- 6999362 TI - Sexual dimorphism in early anthropoids. AB - Sexual dimorphism in canine/premolar tooth size and in body size is found among many species of living primates and has been shown to be correlated with social organization. Among extant higher primate species that normally live in the nuclear families consisting of a mated pair with their offspring, adult males and females are similar in body size and in the size of canine and anterior premolar teeth. In contrast, higher primate species living in more 'complex' polygynous groups (either single-male harems or multi-male groups) are characterized by sexual dimorphism in the size of canine/premolar teeth and frequently by body size dimorphism as well. We provide here the first evidence for sexual dimorphism in three species of primates from the Oligocene of Egypt--Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, Propliopithecus chirobates, and Apidium phiomense. This is the earliest record of sexual dimorphism among higher primates and suggests, by analogy with living species, that the earliest known fossil Old World anthropoids lived in polygynous (either single-male harems or multi-male groups) rather than monogamous social groups. PMID- 6999363 TI - Will the DNA guidelines wither away? PMID- 6999364 TI - Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes. AB - The centromeric DNA (CEN3) from yeast chromosome III has been isolated on a 1.6 kilobase-pair segment of DNA located near the centromere-linked CDC10 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When present on a plasmid carrying a yeast chromosomal replicator, CEN3 enables that plasmid to function as a chromosome both mitotically and meiotically. Minichromosomes containing CEN3 are stable in mitosis and segregate as ordinary yeast chromosomes in the first and second meiotic divisions. PMID- 6999365 TI - Mutagenic deamination of cytosine residues in DNA. AB - Spontaneous deamination converts cytosine to uracil, which is excised from DNA by the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase, leading to error-free repair. 5-Methylcytosine residues are deaminated to thymine, which cannot be excised and repaired by this system. As a result, 5-methylcytosine residues are hotspots for spontaneous transitions, as demonstrated in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. We show here that in bacteria which lack uracil-DNA glycosylase (Ung-) and cannot excise uracil residues from DNA, the rate of spontaneous transition at cytosine residues is raised to the hotspot rate at 5-methylcytosine residues. These studies provide direct evidence that the deamination of cytosine is a significant source of spontaneous mutations. PMID- 6999366 TI - Inotropic effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on isolated rat atria at different contraction frequencies. AB - The effects of a wide range of Prostacyclin (PGI2) concentrations on the Isometric Developed Tension (IDT) of isolated left auricles driven at different frequencies (0.8, 1.6 or 3.3 Hz) were explored. A comparison of the positive inotropism of PGI2, norepinephrine (NE), tyramine and phenylephrine (Phenyl) indicated that PGI2, NE and tyramine enhanced peak tension significantly less at slow (0.8 and 1.6 Hz) than at higher rates (3.3 Hz); whereas Phenyl augmented equally the IDT at all of these three driving frequencies. The positive inotropism evoked by PGI2 was inhibited by (-)-propranolol and also by a treatment with 6-OHDA. Cocaine, normetanephrine and U-0521, augmented the positive inotropic influence of PGI2 on atria paced at a slow rate (0.8 Hz) but not at a faster one (3.3 Hz). These results suggest that the action of PGI2 on atrial contractions is apparently indirect and mediated by the release of tissue catecholamines. In addition the effect of PGI2 and NE at slow and fast rates appears associated with a different relative relevance of the processes which terminate the action of added sympathomimetic agonists, namely, neuronal or extraneuronal uptake as well as metabolization via COMT. These mechanisms seen to be more prominent at slower driving frequencies and could explain the diminished effect of PGI2 and NE on slowly paced atria. PMID- 6999367 TI - [Goya's illness in 1792]. PMID- 6999368 TI - Cimetidine in clinical use. A review. PMID- 6999369 TI - Dialysis osteomalacia and aluminum intoxication. PMID- 6999371 TI - [Platelet aggregation and endogenous prostaglandins and thromboxane (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999370 TI - Factors influencing the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus following renal transplantation. AB - After successful renal transplantation there is continuing malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. This is due in part to impaired glomerular filtration rate, and in part to the action of steroid on calcium and phosphorus absorption. The effect of steroids is most marked over the first 18 months after transplantation and causes significant malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus even though good graft function is established. Calcium and phosphorus malabsorption can be improved by exogenous 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (oral 1 alpha OH D3 or 1,25-[OH]2D3). PMID- 6999372 TI - [Flow cytometric studies of human brain tumors. Part I: Human malignant brain tumors (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns the distribution of the DNA content in cells obtained from seven nonneoplastic, human brain tissue specimens and from eight different kinds of malignant human brain tumors of 30 patients. Analysis was carried out by flow cytometry suing suspensions of single separated cells stained with propidium iodide as DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated lymphocytes served as diploid controls. An average of 91% of the cells from non-neoplastic brain tissue was diploid (2C) and these cells were presumable in G0 or G1 stage of the cell cycle. In specimens from malignant brain tumors the proportion of diploid cells in G0 or G1 stage varied between 35 and 89%. In these specimens polyploid (including triploid, tetraploid and hypertetraploid) cells were frequently observed. From the distribution of their DNA content the 14 specimens of glioblastomas were classified into 3 types. Specific patterns were noted in type III-b which was characterized by two peaks having the same heights. The cerebral metastasis displayed the greatest variations in ploidy and these tumors, on basis of their DNA distribution were divided into 3 types. As shown in the present study the cytofluorometric analysis of malignant brain tumors revealed characteristic features: 1) multiple DNA peaks, 2) wide ploid variations ranging from 2C to 8C, 3) variability of DNA content patterns and distribution, 4) relatively large portions of cells in S and G2 + M phase of the cell cycle, 5) presence of heteroploid and polyploid cells. Because flow cytometry has distinct advantages over other methods in permitting rapid analysis of large populations of cells with a high degree of reproducibility, results obtained with this technique may be of significant clinical importance. PMID- 6999373 TI - Pharmacological and metabolic interactions between ethanol and the dopamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitor FLA 63 in mice. PMID- 6999374 TI - Participation of cystein proteinase in the high affinity Ca2+-dependent binding of glutamate to hippocampal synaptic membranes. PMID- 6999376 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone presenting as a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: case report. AB - An aneurysmal bone cyst originating from the squamous portion of the left temporal bone is reported. The lesion presented in a 62-year-old nonhypertensive man as a spontaneous, intraparenchymal left temporal lobe hematoma. No evidence of trauma, hermorrhagic diathesis, or concurrent systemic disease was found. Previous case reports of aneurysmal bone cysts of the skull are reviewed. PMID- 6999375 TI - Neurological and psychological side effects after stereotactic thalamotomy in patients with cerebral palsy. AB - We describe the incidence of neurological and psychological side effects after stereotactic thalamotomy in 24 patients with abnormal movements secondary to cerebral palsy. The results of operation are outlined only briefly and, in terms of motor improvement, have been satisfactory. The side effects are categorized as motor or sensory impairments, autonomic disturbances, and mental disturbances. Their frequency and the recovery period are indicated; all of the side effects have been transient. Pathophysiological explanations of these side effects are proposed, correlated with different targets and hemispheric dominance. From our data we can conclude that (a) all side effects after stereotactic thalamotomy are more frequent in patients with cerebral palsy than in other patients and (b) the short time required for the side effects to reverse and their complete remission indicate that they are mainly due to perilesional edema, as suggested by computed tomographic scans. PMID- 6999377 TI - Hexabrix (ioxaglate), a new low osmolality contrast agent for lumbar epidural double-catheter venography. AB - Hexabrix (ioxaglate), a new low osmolality contrast agent, has been compared with Telebrix (ioxitalamate) in a series of 50 lumbar epidural venograms. The intensity of the pain and heat sensation experienced by the patient was significantly lower following the injection of Hexabrix. For this reason Hexabrix may be considered the contrast medium of choice for epidural venography. In 15 additional cases Hexabrix was compared with Amipaque (metrizamide) in the same iodine concentration (320 mg/ml). In these patients hardly any difference in pain and heat sensation was observed after the injection of both contrast agents. Frequently only a slight feeling of warmth was noticed. A minimal sensation of pain was occasionally observed to the same degree with both contrast agents. PMID- 6999378 TI - Quantified analysis of a carotid angiogram. AB - To compensate for differences in anatomy and magnification, a hand-held programmable calculator remodels the profile of the lateral view of a skull to fit the outline of a reference skull. The statistical analysis of 85 normalized carotid angiograms yeilds a numbered map of supratentorial structures. It is then possible to obtain, within 20 min and without sophisticated equipment, an objective analysis of any new angiogram. PMID- 6999379 TI - Muscle insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy: effect of supraphysiologic insulinization. AB - In myotonic dystrophy, there is resistance of forearm muscle to physiologic concentrations of insulin. To determine whether this resistance is due to a shift in the dose-response curve resulting from decreased numbers of insulin receptors, we measured the effects of supraphysiologic insulinization (200 mu U per kilogram per minute) on the uptake of glucose by forearm muscle in three patients with myotonic dystrophy and five denervated patients with comparable wasting. Although insulin levels were higher in patients with myotonic dystrophy than in controls, peak glucose uptake remained significantly lower in myotonic dystrophy patients. The findings are consistent with a postinsulin receptor defect of muscle and with altered membrane function in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 6999382 TI - Neurological disorders in patients with chromosomal anomalies. PMID- 6999381 TI - Normal EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 6999383 TI - [Excessive prolactinemic response to sulpiride in patients with mild essential hypertension. Index of diminished hypothalamic dopaminergic activity]. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations and prolactinaemic response to sulpiride, a prolactin releaser with pituitary dopamine receptor blocking activity, were examined in 16 subjects with mild essential hypertension and in 20 patients with long-sustained essential hypertension. When compared with 16 normotensive controls only the former showed raised plasma renin activity (P < 0.001) and higher plasma prolactin levels either after two-hour ambulation (P < 0.05) or at supine rest (P < 0.05). The average of maximal sulpiride-induced prolactin values was 157 +/- 53 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in the mild hypertensive, significantly different from 60.2 +/- 21.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) as resulted in the controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, patients with sustained hypertension had a mean level of 60.2 +/- 21.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), indifferent from the one of the normal volunteers. It is suggested that the excessive prolactinaemic response to sulpiride detected in patients with mild hypertension reflects a reduced hypothalamic dopaminergic activity and that such an alteration may assume some pathogenetic relevance in the natural history of essential hypertension. Further, in the mild hypertensive a positive prolactin-renin correlation was found (r = + 0.76; P < 0.01), so suggesting that in these patients a peripheral sympathetic overactivity is associated to an impaired central dopamine control. The individuation of such cases may be important since they could benefit by dopamine agonists as L-dopa and bromocriptine. PMID- 6999384 TI - [Physicians and surgeons of Parma in the 19th century. Notes on their lives and works. III]. PMID- 6999385 TI - Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Volume 20, 1949: Polyethenoid fatty acid metabolism. Effect of dietary fat on polyethenoid fatty acids of rat tissues. PMID- 6999387 TI - Renal transplantation. PMID- 6999386 TI - Nutrition Classics: Science, Volume 179, 1973, pages 588-591: Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6999389 TI - Placentophagia: a biobehavioral enigma (or De gustibus non disputandum est). AB - Although ingestion of the afterbirth during delivery is a reliable component of parturitional behavior of mothers in most mammalian species, we know almost nothing of the direct causes or consequences of the act. Traditional explanations of placentophagia, such as general or specific hunger, are discussed and evaluated in light of recent experimental results. Next, research is reviewed which has attempted to distinguish between placentophagia as a maternal behavior and placentophagia as an ingestive behavior. Finally, consequences of the behavior, which may also be viewed as ultimate causes in an evolutionary sense, are considered, such as the possibility of beneficial effects on maternal behavior or reproductive competence, on protection against predators, and on immunological protection afforded either the mother or the young. PMID- 6999388 TI - Gonadal hormones and the induction of intraspecific fighting in mice. AB - Recent data pertaining to the influence of gonadal hormones upon intraspecific fighting behavior of mice are reviewed. Contrary to previous findings, exposure to testosterone during the neonatal period of development is not necessary for the activation of fighting later in life by testosterone treatment provided that the adult treatment regime is chronic. Rather than 'organizing' the central nervous system, neonatal exposure to testosterone appears to render it more 'sensitive' to the aggression-activating property of that steroid; animals exposed to it early in life fight more quickly following the commencement of adult testosterone treatment. Other data have revealed that the position in utero of female fetuses relative to males determines to a significant extent the sensitivity of the adult female to testosterone. The responsiveness to the hormone of females contiguous to two male fetuses is enhanced. And finally, although estrogen does not activate fighting in normal adult females, it will do so if the female has been administered either estrogen or testosterone during early life. Females exposed to low levels of estrogen as neonates also will display aggression in adulthood when estrogen titres normally are high. These data suggest that for normal female-like behavior to develop, it is essential that the neonatal ovary be relatively quiescent. PMID- 6999390 TI - A re-examination of the ventromedial hypothalamic paradox. AB - Early studies of hypothalamic function found that damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) resulted in marked overeating but inferior performance in food motivated tasks, leading several investigators to conclude that hyperphagic VMH animals were actually less hungry than normal animals. However, numerous studies have since demonstrated that under certain conditions VMH-damaged animals will work as hard or harder for food, and consume as much or more of an unpalatable diet, than normal animals. A review of these experiments suggests that most of the deficits in food-motivated behavior are the result of two dysfunctions, one obesity induced, and the other a direct result of the lesion that can be greatly alleviated by preoperative adaptation. Explanations of the VMH paradox are also examined, and it is concluded that most are too narrow in scope, generally ignoring the fact that obesity and preoperative adaptation have similar effects on thirst- and some avoidance-motivated behaviors. It is proposed that the impaired performance of VMH-lesioned animals in food-reinforced tasks is largely the result of obesity- and lesion-induced dysfunctions that are not specific to either hunger- or thirst-motivated behaviors. PMID- 6999391 TI - Food intake in the exercising rat: a brief review. PMID- 6999392 TI - Psychotic mother charged with infanticide; new dispositional developments. PMID- 6999393 TI - Pulmonary diagnostic invasive procedures. Part I. PMID- 6999394 TI - Pasteurella multocida infection; report in urban setting and review of spectrum of human disease. PMID- 6999396 TI - Moses Maimonides' treatise on poisons. PMID- 6999397 TI - Jan Baptiste Van Helmont, M.D. (1579--1644); religion, mysticism, and science in a century of change. PMID- 6999395 TI - Rontgen's discovery of X-ray and Lenard's priority claim; award of first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901. PMID- 6999398 TI - Pregnancy in Sheehan's syndrome. Report of a case and review. AB - Detailed endocrinological studies were performed during and after the eighth pregnancy of a 38-year-old woman who had eight spontaneous pregnancies after the onset of hypopituitarism secondary to massive postpartum hemorrhage. Hormonal replacement therapy was not provided during seven pregnancies and all terminated in spontaneous abortions. Studies of pituitary function during and after the eighth pregnancy demonstrated that the patient had measurable amounts of growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyrotropin (TSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and prolactin in her plasma under basal conditions but that these hormones did not increase approximately in response to pregnancy, stress, and specific stimuli. Evaluation of placental function at 26 weeks gestation by measurement of estradiol, progesterone, human placental lactogen, and chorionic gonadotropin revealed no abnormality. Hormone replacement therapy during the eighth pregnancy was associated with the delivery of normal premature infant at 32 weeks gestation. In addition to these studies, a critical review of the literature was undertaken to more clearly define the clinical and laboratory features of pregnancy in Sheehan's syndrome. PMID- 6999399 TI - Postoperative external irradiation and prognostic parameters in stage I endometrial carcinoma: clinical and histopathologic study of 540 patients. AB - From 1968 to 1974, 540 patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri entered a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the effect of postoperative external pelvic irradiation. After primary surgery all patients received intravaginal radium irradiation; 6000 rads was delivered to the surface of the vaginal mucosa. At the time vaginal radium was given, randomization was performed: Group A received no further treatment (controls); group B received additional high-voltage irradiation to the pelvic field with a dose of 4000 rads to the pelvic lymph nodes. During the follow-up period of 3 to 10 years a significant reduction in vaginal and pelvic recurrences was found in group B as compared with group A (1.9 versus 6.9%, P < .01). On the other hand, more patients in group B developed distant metastases than those in group A (9.9 versus 5.4%). Thus, the 5-year survival rate was not improved by external irradiation. A more detailed analysis of the series led to the conclusion that only patients with poorly differentiated tumors (grade 3), which infiltrate more than half the myometrial thickness, might benefit from additional external radiotherapy. In almost 20% of 151 consecutive patients, tumor cells were found in endothelial lined spaces. Significantly more deaths and recurrences were found among these patients compared to those without vessel invasion (26.7 versus 9.1%, P < .01). PMID- 6999400 TI - Glycohemoglobin determinations in normal pregnancy and in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Minor components of adult hemoglobin (A1a,b, and c) are known to increase in the presence of sustained elevations of maternal blood glucose. This study demonstrates the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin components and the usual shorter term indices of diabetic control. In addition, a correlation was noted between glycosylated hemoglobin values and birth weight and placental weight. Glycohemoglobin values serve as an accurate index of long-term control of blood sugar and are helpful in assessing the efficacy of the treatment plan. PMID- 6999402 TI - [Use of allografts of fatty tissue and plantar skin for eliminating cicatricial entropion]. PMID- 6999401 TI - Pancreatic alpha cell response to alanine during and after normal and diabetic pregnancies. AB - Pancreatic alpha cell response to oral alanine was assessed in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the puerperium in 16 insulin-dependent diabetic and 7 normal pegnant women. Insulin response was also measured in the nondiabetic subjects. The nondiabetic subjects had higher basal glucagon and insulin levels as well as a greater response to oral alanine stimulation at 34 weeks' gestation than at 6 weeks post partum. In addition, basal levels of both hormones remained low at a time remote from pregnancy (9 months post partum), indicating both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia in the postabsorptive state in normal human pregnancy. The secretory response of glucagon and insulin or oral alanine was blunted at 6 weeks post partum in the nondiabetic subjects. This suggests that the late puerperium may not be an appropriate "nonpregnant control period" for metabolic studies. During pregnancy, basal and stimulated glucagon levels were not significantly different in diabetic and normal women. Despite higher concentrations of blood glucose in diabetic women, basal and stimulated glucagon secretion was equivalent in the 2 groups. No pegnancy-induced increment in glucagon secretion was evident in insulin-treated diabetic subjects. Thus hyperglucagonemia does not contribute to the increased requirements for insulin during pregnancy in these women. PMID- 6999403 TI - [Electroelimination and other study methods in the diagnosis of an inflammatory process in the eye]. PMID- 6999404 TI - [Problems of iatrogenic induction of multiple malignancies--review of a major postmortem material]. AB - The multiple malignancies (MM) autoptically verified at our department within a period of 15 years were reviewed for evidence of a potential iatrogenic induction. Special emphasis was placed on the problems encountered in causally relating metachronic MM's with the treatment of the preceding malignancy and suitable criteria were developed. In 22 (5.6%) of the 392 MM's available for evaluation induction by previous radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was thought to be likely; that is 40% of all radiological or chemical treated MM. In light of this relatively low number major objections to vitally indicated anticancer treatment appear to be unfounded. The high share of triple malignancies (34.5%) among the MM's presumably induced by treatment constituted a finding of particular interest. PMID- 6999405 TI - [Sedentary occupation and recto-sigmoidal neoplasms]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between sedentary occupation and the occurrence of rectal and sigmoid cancer. 105 patients with histologically proven rectal cancer were questioned. 55 patients with gastric carcinoma and 99 patients with cholelithiasis served as control groups. The percentage of patients with a sedentary occupation is significantly higher in the group with rectal cancer. In addition, the mean duration of the sedentary occupation is also longer. A direct relationship between the sedentary occupation and the tumor stage is obvious. It is concluded that a sedentary occupation-which leads to changes in the motility of the large bowel-had to be considered a risk factor in the occurence of rectal and sigmoid cancer. PMID- 6999406 TI - [A contribution to the general and specific pathology of benign odontogenic tumors]. AB - The genesis of benign odontogenic tumours may only be understood by examining the histo- and organogenesis of tooth development. In this way, "ectomesenchymal" cells (odontoblasts and cementoblasts) can be clearly distinguished from the usual cells of the mesenchyma, as inductive effect closely connects them with ameloblasts. The influence on tumour morphology can also be shown, according to which the structureforming, metabolic and inductive powers of differentiation of the orthological mother tissue are maintained and remain effective. Combining in pairs the four histogenetic cell groups (epithelial, ectomesenchymal, neuroectodermal and mesenchymal) facilitates systematic classification and understanding of the various types of odontogenic tumours. Based on the biological characteristics of these tumours, neoplasms may be distinquished, one group of tumours more dependent on the phases of odontogenesis in contrast to a group of autonomous tumours. In this short analysis of different classifications of odontogenic tumours, the principle problems of taxonomy and terminology will be discussed. PMID- 6999407 TI - [Intra-arterial infusion treatment in lung neoplasms]. AB - Intraarterial infusionstherapy was performed with cytostatic agents (10 patients) and proteolytic enzymes (4 patients) in 14 selected cases with malignant lung tumours. Diagnosis was in 8 patients small cell carcinoma, in 3 patients adenocarcinoma, in 2 patients squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and in 1 patient leiomyosarcoma of the lung (relapse). Infusions were performed in 8 cases through the A. bronchialis, in 5 through the A. pulmonalis and in 1 patient through the A. thoracica interna. After single infusions of cytostatic agents via the A. bronchialis, remissions of varying extents, were found in 5 out of 8 patients. Repeated infusions with enzymes (1-5 series) through the A. pulmonalis lead in 2 out of 4 cases to slight remissions with a duration of 5 and 12 months, respectively. Possibilities and limiting factors of this therapeutic modality are demonstrated by recent observations. PMID- 6999408 TI - [Detection of methotrexate in human serum. Comparison between an enzymatic and an enzyme-immunologic method]. AB - High-dose methotrexate therapy with following citrovorum factor rescue necessitates the regular determinations of methotrexate (MTX) serum concentrations. A simple enzymatic assay by MTX induced inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase is described. The results gained with this assay are compared with those of a new enzyme immunoassay (MTX-EMIT). Between 5 X 10(-7) M and 1 X 10(-3) M the results of both tests are nearly the same, and the coefficient of correlation is 0,9980. At MTX concentrations below 5 X 10(-7) M the results of the MTX-EMIT lie nearly always higher than and differ considerably from those of the enzymatic method; the coefficient of correlation is only 0.7007. If it is possible to enhance the sensitivity of the MTX-EMIT, this test enables the very quick and easy determination of MTX serum concentrations in the whole range of clinical importance. PMID- 6999409 TI - Detachment of descemet's membrane with insertion of an intraocular lens. AB - The complication of Descemet's membrane detaching during cataract surgery is rare. Awareness that this can happen is especially important now that so many intraocular lenses are being implanted. A case is presented where a detachment was not noticed and an intraocular lens stripped Descemet's membrane from the corneal stroma. PMID- 6999410 TI - Management of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lenses. AB - Posterior dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) into the vitreous cavity can be a serious problem, and probably will become more frequent because of increasing popularity of posterior-chamber lenses. We describe techniques for managing a posteriorly dislocated lens that cannot be repositioned in its proper location by medical means. Vitrectomy instrumentation and techniques through a pars plana approach provide optimal visualization during manipulation of the intraocular lens, minimize vitreoretinal traction and permit one to reposition the IOL in its proper location relative to the iris or to position it in the anterior chamber in preparation for removal. A modification of the McCannel iris fixation suture technique is also presented. PMID- 6999411 TI - Corneal transplantation following prolonged storage in M-K medium. AB - A successful penetrating keratoplasty was performed on a 25-year-old keratoconus patient inadvertently using a 79-year-old donor cornea which had been stored for 32 days at 4 degrees C in M-K medium. A thin, clear graft ten months postoperatively suggested either recovery of the original donor endothelium or possible host endothelial cell migration. The clinical advantages of prolonged M K storage beyond seven days versus the increased risks of endothelial decompensation and secondary infection are reviewed. PMID- 6999412 TI - Suture tarsorrhaphy system to control keratopathy after ptosis surgery. AB - Four tarsorrhaphy sutures are placed through the lower eyelid and brow following ptosis surgery in a system designed for patients with external ophthalmoplegia, third nerve paralysis, and myashenia gravis. Three of the sutures connect the lower eyelid to the forehead, and the fourth suture is passed through the lower eyelid and taped to the cheek. The three lid-brow sutures are released during the first two postoperative weeks, one by one, and topical ointment instillations are gradually tapered. The tarsorrhaphy system allows the cornea to adapt gradually to the lagophthalmos that follows ptosis surgery. It also keeps the eyelids partially closed during the first two postoperative weeks in patients with frontalis sling surgery who have marked difficulty lowering their eyebrow and closing their eyelids because of early postoperative forehead edema and pain. The tarsorrhaphy system has prevented serious keratopathy in six patients with ptosis associated with abnormal ocular motility and in one patient with lagophthalmos following trauma. It also allowed the six ptosis patients to have full, rather than partial, correction of their ptosis. PMID- 6999413 TI - A technique for preparing corneal lamellar donor tissue using simplified keratomileusis. AB - A technique is described for producing lamellar buttons from donor corneas using modified keratomileusis. Although refractive keratoplasty is complex, producing planopower corneal discs is much simpler. Accuracy in preparing lamellar tissue of known thickness is potentially greater with keratomileusis than free-hand dissection and should produce better visual results. Eye banks could store precut lamellar buttons in various thicknesses and thereby decrease the amount of time spent in the operating room during lamellar keratoplasty. PMID- 6999414 TI - The mystery of the frozen M-K medium. AB - Donor corneal material stored or transported in M-K medium can freeze easily if placed in an insulated environment, such as a styrofoam container, with ice that is colder than 0 degrees C. To assure proper maintenance of the recommended temperature of M-K medium of + 4 degrees C, the ice used should be allowed to stand at room temperature until it has a glistening, wet look to its surfaces. M K medium already cooled to + 4 degrees C can be safely stored and maintained at + 4 degrees C in a well-insulated styrofoam container for approximately 24 hours if this type of glistening-wet, melting ice is used. PMID- 6999415 TI - Tarsorrhaphy with catgut. AB - A simple method of tarsorrhaphy is described using catgut instead of traditional silk sutures and pegs. The method described here takes less time, is aesthetically better and does not need suture removal. PMID- 6999416 TI - Corneal endothelial transplantation. AB - Patients with visually significant corneal edema, secondary to endothelial dysfunction, before the development of scaring or vascularization, need only have the corneal endothelium replaced to restore corneal clarity. This fact, plus the lack of consistently available donor material, prompted us to evaluate tissue cultured corneal endothelim (TCCE) as a donor source. We have shown that TCCE, when transplanted, can regain normal morphology and physiologic function. To accomplish practical use of autologous stroma, a transparent gelatin membrane which can serve as substrate for endothelial growth in tissue culture, has been developed. This cellular membrane has been transplanted successfully in rabbits with good functional results. It is hoped that ultimately this technique can be developed for routine use in man. PMID- 6999418 TI - [Mistakes in using free dermatoplasty for covering exposed bone]. PMID- 6999417 TI - [Surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 6999419 TI - [Protecting the bone graft in the treatment of extensive infected mandibular cysts]. PMID- 6999421 TI - [Proximal interphalangeal joint arthoplasty]. PMID- 6999420 TI - [Implant material for upper extremity joint endooprostheses and possibilities of anchorage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999422 TI - [Tissue reaction to abrasion of upper extremity joint endoprostheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999423 TI - [Possibilities of prosthetic planning for the partially edentulous dentition]. PMID- 6999424 TI - [Dental prophylaxis in primary schools of Upper Austria]. PMID- 6999426 TI - [Spontaneous aortic lesions in the rabbit. Possible role of immune mechanisms]. AB - The incidence of spontaneous arteriosclerosis, studied in 493 rabbits, increased with ageing. Various evidences suggested the immune nature of these lesions : 1. The direct immunoperoxidase test showed the binding of both rabbit IgG and complement on injured areas, while in apparently normal structures of the same aortas (endothelium and elastic fibers) this binding occurred in some areas with only IgG. 2. The indirect immunoperoxidase test demonstrated the binding of the gammaglobulins from rabbits with spontaneous arteriosclerosis to the aortic structures of normal young rabbits (myocytes, endothelial cells and elastic fibers). The previous demonstration of a cross-antigenicity between aortic glycoproteins and E. coli lipolysaccharides on the one hand, the positivity of delayed hypersensitivity reactions against E. coli lipopolysaccharides in rabbits with spontaneous aortic lesions on the other, led to the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharides antibodies might both bind and injury some aortic structures. PMID- 6999425 TI - Some features of the history of the idea of pain. PMID- 6999427 TI - [Osteoporosis at high remodeling and parathyroid function. Histo-biological confrontations (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate the relationship between apparently idiopathic osteoporosis and parathyroid hormone secretion, plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was measured in 57 untreated osteoporotic patients using a carboxy terminal specific antiserum, and sections of undecalcified iliac bone biopsies from these subjects, who had been previously doubly labelled with tetracycline, were quantitatively analyzed. Twenty one patients (36%) exhibited histological signs of a high remodeling similar to that which is present in primary hyperparathyroidism, but their osteoplastic oppositional rate values were lower. Among these 21 cases 8 had an increase of their iPTH levels. These data and those of the literature indicate that in a few cases high remodeling osteoporosis may be associated with parathyroid hypersecretion, but do not bring out the evidence that the increased circulating iPTH is the cause of osteoporosis. The authors draw from their results some practical consequences for the treatment of high remodeling osteoporosis. PMID- 6999428 TI - [Behaviour of the aortic lipoidosis in rats twenty months after the withdrawal of an hyperlipidic diet (author's transl)]. AB - 48 rats were placed on an hyperlipidic diet (cholesterol, cholic acid, cholin, propylthiouracil), 23 were sacrificed at various intervals from the fourth up to the twelve month of the experiment. In the remaining 25 rats, the atherogenic regimen was replaced by a normal one. These animals were sacrificed one to twenty months after the withdrawal of the experimental diet. Aortae of experimental and control animals were studied by means of histological and histochemical technics. All the animals developed hypercholesterolemia together with intima and media lipoidosis. None demonstrated any aortic cell proliferation. The only metabolic change of the smooth muscle cell was a progressive decrease in 5' nucleotidase, acid esterase and cholinesterase activities. The return to a normal diet involved the reversion of the serum cholesterol level to normal values and the disappearance of intima lipoidosis. The reduced enzymatic activities in the media returned to normal levels around the six month. The surfaces of the extracellular sudanophilic areas decreased. However, twenty months after the withdrawal of the atherogenic diet, some lipids still persisted at the edges of the elastic fibres. PMID- 6999430 TI - [Changing relative proportions of apolipoproteins of VLDL in chronic male alcoholics (author's transl)]. AB - Apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins of plasma from male chronic alcoholics and healthy men serving as controls were investigated. VLDL were delipidated using diethyl ether-ethanol and were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The average relative concentration of apo Cll, Clll1 and Clll2 are investigated. The proportion of apo Cll is reduced, and that of apo Clll increased (particularly Clll1) in male chronic alcoholics compared to the normal and the ratio of apo Clll1 to apo cll was significantly increased. The Cll/Clll1 + Clll2 ratio is highly significantly reduced in patients. Changes in apo Clll1/Cll ratio in relation to hypertriglyceridaemia are envisaged. Furthermore apo Cll is believed to activate and apo Clll to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity "in vitro". PMID- 6999429 TI - [Serum urate and gout in a young male workforce (author's transl)]. AB - Serum urate levels and history of gout were obtained from 4 663 men aged 20-44 who were employed by a Parisian government agency. Serum urate levels, mean value 62,8 mg/l (374 mumol/l), did not vary with age but were strongly correlated with weight. For constant weight, urate levels decreased with age. By our definition: typical history of gout and either efficacity of colchicine during and attack or serum urate level over 70 mg/l (417 mumol/l) at examination, there were 57 cases of gout, giving a prevalence of 1,1% among men 35-39 and 2,0% among men 40-44 years old. Using the definition by the New York criteria which do not include serum urate level, there were 51 cases of gout, giving a prevalence of 1,5% in the 35-44 year age group. This is about 3 times the prevalence found by O'Sullivan, using the same criteria, in an American town. The higher serum urate levels in the present study may account for much of this difference. The incidsence of new cases of gout was estimated to be 1,6% over 5 years for men 40 44 years old. The site was the great toe in 57% of gouty men with only one attack and in 92% of those with more than one attack. It was not related to the amount of standing or activity at work. Comparison with a study made 7 years earlier showed an augmentation in serum urate values and probably in prevalence of gout. These results are discussed in terms of dietary modification over this time period. PMID- 6999431 TI - [Obesity and the nociceptive reflex (author's transl)]. AB - Using electrophysiological methods for studying pain in human, the authors have studied comparatively the sensation of pain and the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb, both elicited by electrical stimulation of sural nerve in 20 obese women (weight greater than or equal to 30 p. 100 of ideal weight) and 14 normal weighing women as controls. In obeses, the threshold of the nociceptive flexion reflex is very significantly lower (5,4 +/- 2 mA in obesity, 9,7 +/- 1,6 mA in controls p < 0,0001). The authors suggests an hypothesis of insufficiency of endogenous opiate releasing in human obesity. PMID- 6999432 TI - [ELISA in schistosomiasis. Limits. Possibility of application (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from patients with schistosomiasis and various infections were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique (ELISA) using soluble antigens prepared from adult worms and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. Marked false positive reactions were observed in cases of certain parasitic (hydatidosis) and non parasitic diseases (liver cirrhosis). Equivalent results with the techniques of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymology (done on adult sections) were obtained with adult worm antigen read at a higher optic-density limit. At present, this technique might be useful in seroepidemiological surveys; however, further purification of the antigen will increase its sensibility and specificity. PMID- 6999433 TI - [Physiology and pathology of zinc. Recent data (author's transl)]. AB - This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of zinc in physiology and pathology. After recalling that this knowledge was acquired after improvements of assay procedures, the authors go on to present normal zinc metabolism, especially its absorpiton and its role as a coenzyme. In a second part, disorders accompanying abnormal blood zinc levels are successively examined. PMID- 6999434 TI - [Determination of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in blood serum. Comparison of 3 methods: ultracentrifugation and precipitations (author's transl)]. AB - Three methods of assaying the high density lipoprotein cholesterol were applied simultaneously to a hundred of human sera: ultracentrifugation, precipitation by concavalin A and phosphotungstic acid. The obtained results were compared by statistical means: it was shown that the three procedures were equivalent. Some of their analytical features are discussed. PMID- 6999435 TI - [Role of stress in the mechanism of long-term-adaptation and the prevention of stress injuries]. PMID- 6999436 TI - [Effect of polyfer transfusion on hemopoiesis and iron metabolism in bone marrow donors]. PMID- 6999437 TI - [Method for the differential assessment of leukocyte migration into the oral cavity]. PMID- 6999438 TI - [Arteriosclerosis and phlebosclerosis: new facts and hypotheses on the role of smooth muscle cells]. PMID- 6999440 TI - Arterial blood levels of energy substrates and evidence for renal glucose production in the baboon infant. AB - The age-related changes in fasting arterial levels of energy substrates and insulin were studied at birth and/or 6 wk in eleven baboon infants. In addition, the renal contribution to glucose release in the primate infant was estimated. Arterial blood glucose levels were similar in six fasted newborns and in nine fasted 6-wk-old infants. Arterial blood lactate, alanine, pyruvate, glutamate, and glutamine levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the new born animals, and beta-hydroxybutyrate was significantly higher in the older animals (P < 0.001). Arterial plasma insulin levels were low in both groups. Levels of blood glucose in the inferior vena cava below the renal vein were significantly lower than levels in the aorta (P < 0.01). In contrast, levels of blood glucose in the inferior vena cava above the renal vein were significantly higher than in the aorta (P < 0.05). Computed renal vein glucose levels were higher than those in the aorta (P < 0.01). In the newborn infants, there was significant renal uptake of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and glutamine (P < 0.01), and release of beta-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.05). In the older animals, there was renal uptake of alanine, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol (P 0.01). Mean cardiac output per kg body weight did not differ significantly in the newborn and 6-wk-old infants. Lactate uptake was potentially responsible for 59% of mean renal glucose output in the newborn and 76% of mean renal glucose output in the older infant. Net renal glucose release in eight 6-wk-old infants was estimated to be 3.5 +/- 1.1 microM/min . kg (95% confidence limits, 0.7 < 3.5 < 6.2). Net renal glucose release in three newborn infants was 4.7, 5.4, and 19.8 microM/min . kg. There was a significant linear relationship between arterial lactate levels and renal glucose production in the older infants (P < 0.05). Extremely low arterial pH was associated with increased renal glucose release in the newborn, and high arterial pH with decreased or absent glucose release in the 6-wk-old animals. PMID- 6999439 TI - [Underground teaching activity of Prof. Janina Kowalczykowa during the occupation in 1939-1944]. PMID- 6999441 TI - Gram-negative endotoxin administration decreases hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes during development in rats. AB - The frequency of gram-negative infections and endotoxemia in the perinatal period prompted an investigation of the effects of endotoxin (Escherichia coli 026B6) on hepatic drug metabolism. Gravid female rats given injections IP with different dosages of lipopolysaccharide during late pregnancy resulted in significant depression of the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activities. The acute administration of endotoxin to mothers (1.4 mg/kg on seventh day after parturition) significantly decreased the hepatic activity of aminopyrine demethylase and contents of cytochrome P-450 of suckling neonates and mothers. However, chronic administration of endotoxin (0.2 mg/kg/day for 7 days) to lactating mothers did not alter neonatal enzyme activities. When neonates themselves were given injections of endotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) at 7, 16, and 27 days of age, a significant reduction in levels of mixed function oxidase enzymes was observed. These observations suggest that the ability of mothers and neonates to metabolize drugs is significantly decreased upon exposure to endotoxin, and this demands careful evaluation of drug disposition studies in gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 6999442 TI - Letter to the editor: histochemical studies in diastrophic dwarfism. PMID- 6999443 TI - [Histological and histochemical evaluation of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 6999444 TI - [Processes of digestion of saccharose, maltose and isomaltose and their disorders in children]. PMID- 6999445 TI - Grand round series. Rickets. PMID- 6999446 TI - Erythrocyte insulin binding in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: lack of relationship to duration and control of diabetes in children and adolescents. AB - Insulin binding was measured in the erythrocytes (RBCs) of four children and 12 adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the basal (fasting, nonketotic) state. Children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed normal binding of insulin to their RBCs when expressed as the total insulin bound over the physiologic range of insulin concentrations. The insulin receptor concentration and receptor binding affinity for insulin were also normal. These parameters of insulin binding were not correlated with either the duration of diabetes or the degree of diabetic control in the patients. Since insulin binding by erythrocytes has been shown to reflect binding by traditional target tissues (liver, fat), the data suggest that alterations in binding of insulin to cells in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus probably play little, if any, role in the response of these patients to exogenous insulin or in the control of their glucose metabolism in the basal state. PMID- 6999447 TI - In vitro cell-mediated immunologic assay for cow's milk allergy. AB - The production of a lymphokine, the leukocyte-migration-inhibition factor (LIF), by peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to an in vitro challenge with bovine beta-lactoglobulin was assayed in infants and children suspected of having allergy to cow's milk protein. Of the patients studied, 24 had cow's milk allergy, 24 were normal control subjects, 18 had recovered from milk allergy, 10 were newborns, and 10 were babies suffering from acute gastroenteritis. All patients with milk allergy demonstrated significant LIF production in response to beta-lactoglobulin (23.5% +/- 6.4%). In the normal control subjects, LIF was 3.1% +/- 4.3% (P < .0005). Only two of the 24 control subjects and two of the ten newborns had high-normal values bordering on the positive. None of the ten babies with acute gastroenteritis gave a positive response. Most of the children who had recovered from milk allergy and were ingesting cow's milk had negative assays. This cell-mediated immune assay is shown to be a reliable test for the diagnosis of sensitivity to milk protein in infants and children, and for determining dietary treatment and when this treatment can be safely terminated. In most cases, its use should eliminate the need for the potentially dangerous and ethically questionable provocation test, as well as the need for repeated intestinal biopsies. PMID- 6999448 TI - Noonan's syndrome: a historical perspective. PMID- 6999449 TI - Double-blind trials with stimulants for hyperactivity. PMID- 6999451 TI - Whatever happened to information theory? (I) PMID- 6999450 TI - [Paradoxal growth of children after hypothalamo-hypophyseal surgery despite the absence of growth hormone]. PMID- 6999452 TI - Margaret Thatcher: a new illusion. PMID- 6999453 TI - Doctoral programs in nursing 1980-81. PMID- 6999454 TI - Associate degree education for nursing 1980-81: Information about NLN-accredited Associate Degree programs in nursing. PMID- 6999455 TI - Status of adhesives for dentin. PMID- 6999456 TI - [Endoscopic control of gastrointestinal bleeding by sclerosing injections. Application to peptic ulcers and polypectomies (author's transl)]. AB - Three endoscopic methods are available to control gastrointestinal bleeding. Electrocoagulation suffers from two defects: the depth of cauterization is difficult to assess, and removal of the catheter, which sometimes adheres to the tissues, may cause re-bleeding. Laser coagulation is relatively more effective but costly. Sclerosing injections using 1% polidocanol are easier and cheaper. The authors have applied the latter method to 63 cases of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, including 37 peptic ulcers, 4 angiodysplasias of the stomach, 2 cases of Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 1 bleeding erosion and 19 haemorrhages consecutive to the excision of gastric or colonic polyps. Bleeding was stopped in 61 cases and remained under control in 52; it recurred in 9 patients. Two patients required emergency surgery. PMID- 6999457 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation with autotransfusion. Use of prostacyclin]. PMID- 6999459 TI - [Legionnaire's disease]. PMID- 6999458 TI - [Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency with bone marrow or foetal liver transplants (author's transl)]. AB - Nine children with severe combined immunodeficiency were treated in Lyon and Saint-Etienne. Two children had adenosine deaminase deficiency; another presented with a "bare lymphocyte syndrome", i.e. combined immunodeficiency associated with lack of expression of HLA-A and -B antigens on lymphocytes. Five children were treated with a transplant of genotypically HLA-identical bone marrow. The other 4 children received a transplant of foetal liver and foetal thymus from the same donor, as no compatible bone marrow donor was available. Seven of the 9 patients are still alive, reconstitution of the immune system being complete in 4 and incomplete in 3, and these results have been maintained throughout the years following transplantation. The only 2 failures were due to severe, widespread BCG infection, which had developed and persisted for several months before treatment. The measures now available for the treatment of infants with severe combined immunodeficiency are frequently successful in a disease previously lethal within a few months. They also contribute to our knowledge of lymphocyte differentiation and functions. PMID- 6999460 TI - [Hypoglycemia in the newborn caused by insufficient hepatic degradation of insulin]. PMID- 6999461 TI - Comparative study of the interaction of polyuridylic acid with 30S subunits and 70S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. AB - Fractionated polyuridylic acid with an average chain length of 55 nucleotides forms binary complexes with 30S subunits with a stoichiometry of I:I. These complexes are heterogeneous in stability. The more stable one is characterized by an association constant K2 - 5.5xI09 M-I, and the less stable-by KI = I06xM-I, at 20 mM Mg2+, 200 mM NH4(+) and 0 degrees C. The main reason for this heterogeneity is the presence or absence of the ribosomal protein SI in the presence or absence of the ribosomal protein SI in the subunits. Decrease of Mg2+ concentration down to 5 mM hardly changes the K2 values but reduction of the NH4(+) concentration to 50 mM results in a 25-fold increase of K2. Association constants K2 for the stable complex, i.e. in the presence of SI protein, were measured at different temperatures (0 - 30 degrees C) and the thermodynamic parameters of binding (delta H degrees, delta S degrees, delta G degrees) were determined. Analogous experiments were made with 70S ribosomes. K2 values as well as delta H degrees, delta S degrees, delta G degrees appeared the same both for 30S and 70S ribosomes in all conditions examined. This is strong evidence that the 50S subunits do not contribute to the interaction of poly(U) with the complete 70S ribosomes. PMID- 6999463 TI - The Bethlem Royal Hospital and the Maudsley Hospital--a glance at the future...and a look at the past. PMID- 6999464 TI - Past and present in nursing education. PMID- 6999462 TI - Historical review (Notre Dame Hospital). PMID- 6999465 TI - The lamp she lit (Florence Nightingale). PMID- 6999467 TI - [Prof. Krystyna Ossowska (20 June 1905 - 15 October 1979)]. PMID- 6999466 TI - [Review of the current state of knowledge on prophylactic use of INH]. PMID- 6999469 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina]. PMID- 6999468 TI - [Hyperaldosteronism after metoclopramide administration]. PMID- 6999470 TI - [Prostacyclin (PGX, PGI2)-vascular anti-aggregation hormone regulating hemostasis]. PMID- 6999472 TI - [Diabetic bullous skin disease]. PMID- 6999471 TI - [Various aspects of formalization of the diagnostic process in a sequential structure of the model of radiological diagnosis. II. Algorithm of computer assisted diagnosis of a single pulmonary focus]. PMID- 6999473 TI - [Biliary calculi. Etiology, current diagnosis and non-surgical therapeutic methods]. PMID- 6999474 TI - [Sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from patients during the years 1975-1977]. PMID- 6999476 TI - [Immunological aspects of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6999475 TI - [Idiopathic postpartum renal failure]. PMID- 6999477 TI - [Nitrate poisoning in infants]. PMID- 6999478 TI - Clinical implications of the new diabetes classification. PMID- 6999480 TI - Some cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease. PMID- 6999479 TI - Hypertension screening and treatment with angiotensin inhibitors. Saralasin and captopril. AB - The number of studies in the literature on diagnostic and therapeutic uses of angiotensin antagonists has been increasing geometrically. Nearly 1,000 publishsd items deal with saralasin alone, although neither saralasin nor captopril is yet approved for general use or widely available. Reports to date represent only a fraction of the eventual situations in which these agents are likely to help the researcher and clinician. Food and Drug Administration approval of both agents is pending, and both are expected to be available soon. Consequently, the practitioner will want to become familiar with their usefulness, especially to screen for secondary forms of hypertension and to treat moderate to severe primary or secondary hypertension. PMID- 6999481 TI - Fifty years of pharmaceutical development. PMID- 6999482 TI - Dermatological treatment. PMID- 6999483 TI - Infectious diseases. PMID- 6999484 TI - A brave new pharmaceutical world. PMID- 6999486 TI - A double-blind placebo controlled study of cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of seasickness. PMID- 6999485 TI - A new approach to drug trials in general practice. Comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of metoprolol and atenolol. PMID- 6999487 TI - The Hippocratic physician at his patient's bedside. PMID- 6999488 TI - Treatment of heart disease. PMID- 6999490 TI - Treatment in psychiatry. From nihilism to cautious optimism. PMID- 6999489 TI - Chemotherapy of respiratory disease. PMID- 6999491 TI - Assessment of diabetic control with Actrapid and Monotard insulins. PMID- 6999492 TI - Joseph Black (1728-1799): Scottish physician and chemist. PMID- 6999494 TI - [2 types of reaction of the homeostatic defense system]. PMID- 6999495 TI - [Isolation and use of thrombocyte and leukocyte concentrates]. PMID- 6999493 TI - [Effectiveness of modern blood substitutes in stabilizing the circulating blood volume]. PMID- 6999496 TI - [Current status of the problem of viral hepatitis B prophylaxis]. PMID- 6999497 TI - Deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced renin suppression in the absence of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 6999498 TI - Clinical and laboratory studies of live attenuated RA 27/3 and HPV 77-DE rubella virus vaccines. PMID- 6999499 TI - Immunobiology of the erythrocyte: perspectives since 1945. PMID- 6999500 TI - Erythrocyte-bound complement components in health and disease. PMID- 6999501 TI - The antigen-antibody complex and erythrocyte destruction: physicochemical considerations. PMID- 6999502 TI - Red cell membrane skeleton: structure-function relationships. AB - This papaer reviews our present understanding of ultrastructure, organization, and functional characteristics of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton. This two dimensional fibrillar network of submembrane proteins can be visualized after extraction of lipids and integral membrane proteins by Triton X-100. Current data suggest that the major structural components of the cytoskeleton are heterodimers of double-stranded spectrin that form tetramers by head-to-head associations. The tetramers may be connected into a fibrillar meshwork by oligomers of actin. The control of membrane integrity by this network is illustrated by examples of two hemolyotic anemias characterized by marked membrane instability and vesiculation: 1) hereditary spherocytic anemia of the house mouse associated with spectrin deficiency and 2) hereditary pyropoikilocytosis, a hemolytic anemia in man characterized by thermal instability of the membrane and the presence of abnormal spectrin, which exhibits an increased propensity to thermal denaturation. Stabilization of the cytoskeletal network by covalent cross-links between the nearest cytoskeletal and integral membrane proteins results in a decrease of membrane deformability and a fixation of erythrocytes in their abnormal shape. Such cross-linkings include: 1) transamidative cross-links produced by introduction of Ca2+ (>0.5 mM) into fresh erythrocytes, and 2) intermolecular disulfide couplings, which are formed after extensive oxidation of fresh erythrocytes or after mild oxidation of ATP-depleted, but not fresh, erythrocytes. The significance of these cross-links in stabilization of shape of abnormal erythrocytes such as schistocytes remains to be determined. We conclude that spectrin and actin form a fibrillar submembrane network that plays an important role in control of membrane integrity, erythrocyte deformability, and stabilization of cells in abnormal shapes. PMID- 6999503 TI - The mortality from incompatible transfusion. PMID- 6999504 TI - Automated antibody detection. PMID- 6999505 TI - Frontiers in the serologic laboratory: alternative sources of routine reagents. PMID- 6999506 TI - Historical perspectives before 1945 - updated. PMID- 6999507 TI - New approaches to detecting clinically significant antibodies in the laboratory. PMID- 6999508 TI - Biochemical basis for some blood groups. PMID- 6999509 TI - Immunochemistry of the P blood group system. PMID- 6999510 TI - Blood group MNSs-active sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The human erythrocyte membrane contains at least four different PAS-staining sialic acid-rich glycoproteins. The major sialoglycoprotein, which carries blood group M or N antigen activity, has been extensively characterized. The Ss antigens are located on a minor sialoglycoprotein, which also has "N' activity. The amino acid sequence at positions 1 and 5 of these glycoproteins correlates with the presence of M or N antigen activity. Little is known about the other minor sialoglycoproteins (beta and gamma). Membranes from erythrocytes of type (En(a-)Fin lack the major MN-active sialoglycoprotein; those from S-s erythrocytes lack normal Ss-active sialoglycoproteins, although they contain an abnormal component that may be an altered Ss glycoprotein. Mk Mk cells lack both the MN- and Ss-active glycoproteins. These sialoglycoprotein-deficient cells are found in apparently healthy individuals. The sera of individuals with sialoglycoprotein-deficient cells may contain antisialoglycoprotein antibody, which has properties similar to those of auto-anti-Pr. Miltenberger Class III, IV, and VI erythrocytes have abnormal Ss-active sialoglycoproteins. Component beta appears altered in Miltenberger Classes I and II. These abnormalities may account for the unique serological properties of Class I, II, III, IV, and VI erythrocytes. Membranes from erythrocytes of type EnU K/Mk, Miltenberger Class V, and Ph contain abnormal sialogylcoproteins that may result from fusion of the genes that give rise to the Mn-and Ss-active sialoglycoproteins. If this is so, then the genes giving rise to the MN and Ss glycoproteins must be adjacent on the same chromosome. PMID- 6999511 TI - [Stimulation of the phagocytic activity of R.E.S. by plant extracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999512 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the vagina with penile skin as an island flap in male transsexuals. AB - A method is presented to create a neovagina in the male transsexual, using the penile skin as an island flap for the vaginal lining. The labia are shaped with scrotal skin, using two Z-plasties; a small bud of corpus cavernosum covered by penile skin substitutes for a clitoris. PMID- 6999515 TI - Trap-door technique in the background for holding stay sutures in the microvascular anastomosis. AB - A useful device for holding the stay sutures in microvascular anastomosis is reported, which helps to reduce the anastomotic time and frustration and bring about flawless anastomosis. PMID- 6999514 TI - Survival of full-thickness skin grafts over avascular defects. AB - The ability of full-thickness skin grafts to survive over avascular defects has been studied in rabbits. The size of a nonvascularized defect over which take occurs appears to have an absolute limit. If the graft is returned to its bed and an implant is inserted under the graft once it has become vascularized, the graft can be supported solely by the blood supply from the periphery of the graft over an implant of any size. PMID- 6999513 TI - Fistulas of the penile urethra. AB - Urethral fistula, the most common complication of urethroplasty, is discussed. There has been no classification for these disorders, and the plethora of reconstruction procedures available often leads to confusion. The classification presented here for acquired fistulas attempts to give direction in the selection of appropriate management in individual cases. Early, acute fistulas are managed conservatively. In the case of mature single fistulas, local tissue may be used for surgical repair. These are subdivided, depending on the size of the opening. Chronic, multiple, large lesions draining the urethra require tissue from a distance for repair. In severe surgical cripples, a total new urethral reconstruction will be required. A new technique to expose the urethra, allowing correction of urethral fistulas with stricture and diverticulum, is described. PMID- 6999516 TI - Angulated bone peg. AB - The use of an angulated bone peg in arthrodesis of a digital joint is presented. The technique was demonstrated in two patients with severe bone loss. A bone graft was fashioned into an angulated peg of the desired angle and size and inserted in both sides of the gap. The suggested technique preserves the finger's length, maintaining the necessary angulation, and provides adequate fixation. PMID- 6999517 TI - Late complication of closed capsulotomy of the breast. PMID- 6999518 TI - "A bintel brief" the editor as compleat therapist. AB - Emigration took the people out of traditional, accustomed environments and replanted them in strange ground among strangers, where modes of behavior were no longer adequate, for the problems of life were new and different. With old ties snapped, men faced the enormous compulsion of working out new relationships, new meaning to their lives, often under harsh and hostile circumstances... PMID- 6999519 TI - The case of General Grigorenko: a psychiatric reexamination of a Soviet dissident. AB - Pyotr Grigorievich Grigorenko was the perfect realization of the Bolshevik dream. Emerging from the humblest soil of Czarist Russia, he rose to the highest precincts of Soviet power. An ardent patriot, a committed communist and effective leader, he became a Major General in the Red Army, exercised a deep and seminal influence on Soviet military theory, and was showered with medals, honors and promotions through five loyal decades of his Soviet life. In the early nineteen sixties, at the height of his career, he turned dissident. Arrested, he was psychiatrically examined, declared mentally ill, and committed to prison hospitals for the criminally insane. Two years ago, after reaching the West, he asked for a second opinion on his psychiatric condition. This is a report on the examinations and the findings. PMID- 6999520 TI - Effect of relaxation training on students' persistence and academic performance. PMID- 6999521 TI - Childhood depression and the Draw-A-Person Test. PMID- 6999522 TI - Treatment of retarded ejaculation with psychotherapy and meditative relaxation: a case report. PMID- 6999523 TI - [Controlled examination of an extremely short psychotherapy (15 hours) with guided affective imagery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999525 TI - Analysis of inpatient and outpatient visits in the Veterans Administration Dental Service. PMID- 6999524 TI - Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. PMID- 6999528 TI - [Microbial dispersion during high speed instrumentation]. PMID- 6999529 TI - Impression technique for an immediate or transitional denture. PMID- 6999527 TI - High blood pressure control: what are the next steps? PMID- 6999526 TI - Slow viruses and chronic disease: the contribution of epidemiology. PMID- 6999531 TI - The anatomic basis of purpura. PMID- 6999532 TI - Biologically active peptides derived from the fifth component of complement. PMID- 6999530 TI - Fibronectin. PMID- 6999533 TI - Structure, translation, and replication of picornaviral genomes. PMID- 6999534 TI - Structural studies of the surface of virus-infected cells. PMID- 6999535 TI - Immunopathologic mechanisms in lower respiratory tract disease of infants due to respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 6999536 TI - The neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle--a review. PMID- 6999537 TI - From motivation to action: functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system. PMID- 6999540 TI - [Fungi in oral cavity and denture]. PMID- 6999539 TI - The hippocampus and its response to differential environments. PMID- 6999538 TI - The effects of botulinum toxin on the synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine. PMID- 6999541 TI - [Dentures and functional disturbances of the masticatory system]. PMID- 6999543 TI - [Principles of Bottger's gnathometer use for establishing of centric occlusion in case of edentulous mouth]. PMID- 6999542 TI - [Possibilities of prosthetic rehabilitation on patients after operations for oral cavity, jaw and facial neoplasms]. PMID- 6999544 TI - [Main principles of designing cast frame denture]. PMID- 6999545 TI - Comparison between naproxen tablets and suppositories in primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Naproxen tablets and suppositories were compared, in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, in a double-blind cross-over trial. The results on 32 patients treated during 128 menstruations with either tablets and suppositories were analysed. Both naproxen tablets and suppositories produced a significant but similar overall relief of dysmenorrhea, although the tablets had a better effect in relieving spasmodic pain than the suppositories (p < 0.05). Occasions of failure to obtain relief were not related to the occurrence of vomiting or diarrhea during the trial. Vomiting seems not to be responsible for the therapeutic failures of oral treatments with prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors in primary dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6999546 TI - Clinical experiences with a new gel for intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 before therapeutic abortion or induction of term labor. AB - A new gel for intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been elaborated and evaluated. The main component of the gel is a cross-linked starch polymer to which prostaglandins can be added and preserved for long-term storage (> 12 months). In a double blind study, 20 patients requiring legal abortion in late first trimester were given gel containing 0.25 mg PGE2 or gel without PGE2. The gel was applied within the cervical canal. In all patients receiving PGE2 gel, a rapid ripening of the cervix occurred which facilitated the subsequent dilatation and evacuation. In patients receiving gel without PGE2 cervix did not ripen. In a subsequent open study, 30 patients were treated with PGE2-gel before therapeutic abortion. The same degree of cervical ripening was registered as for the patients receiving PGE2-gel in the double blind study. In 50 patients at term, intracervical application of 3 ml gel containing 0.05 mg PGE2 induced labor in 27 cases, i.e. 54 per cent of the patients. In the remaining undelivered women, a prominent cervical ripening occurred within 24 hours. No side effects of the treatment were observed. We conclude the new PGE2-gel to be a promising future alternative in the treatment of patients with an unfavorable cervix, prior to surgical evacuation of the uterus in late first trimester abortion, as well as before induction of labor at term. PMID- 6999547 TI - Influences of prostaglandins on electrophoretic mobility and aggregation of rabbit platelets. AB - Influences of prostaglandin (PG)s on electrophoretic mobilities and aggregation of rabbit platelets were studied. The PGs studied (PGI2, PGE1, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, PGA2 and PGA1) had no effect on platelet electrophoretic mobility. However, both PGE1 and PGI2 in 0.3 and 3.0 muM inhibited ADP-induced aggregation and ADP induced decrease in the mobility. PGD2 in 0.3 and 3.0, and PGE2 in 30 microM inhibited the aggregation but did not depress the ADP-induced decrease in the mobility. PGF2 alpha, PGA2 and PGA1 had no effect on the decrease in electrophoretic mobility and on the aggregation caused by ADP. PMID- 6999548 TI - [Tick-borne encephalitis in the Suwalki Province during the years 1969-1978]. PMID- 6999549 TI - [The jejunal folding operations in surgical treatment of ileus due to peritoneal adhesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999550 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999551 TI - [Remarks on life and activities of Witold Chodzko (1875-1954)]. PMID- 6999554 TI - [Napoleon Cybulski (1854-1919)]. PMID- 6999552 TI - [Immunologic aspects of hyperthyreosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999553 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone. II. Method of determination. Clinics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999555 TI - [The lysozyme metabolism in the human body (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999556 TI - [The diagnostics of arterial-renal hypertension and renal hypertension with special reference to radiologic methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999557 TI - [Prevalence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes in feces of children of an urban population of Santiago]. PMID- 6999558 TI - [Analysis of the thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Comparative study between the loop of the ileum of the rabbit and the VERO cell system]. PMID- 6999559 TI - [Piperazine sultosylate in the treatment of hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 6999560 TI - [Psychopharmaceuticals in anesthesiology and resuscitation]. PMID- 6999561 TI - Integration of glucose transport with metabolic and functional activity of heart muscle. AB - The role of glucose transport modulation in adjusting myocardial energy supply to changing contractile and metabolic activity and to hormonal influences was studied. Because membrane transport is a rate-limiting step in glucose utilization, many physiological and pharmacological influences act at this step. These include muscular contraction, insulin, adrenaline, inotropic interventions. Na+ pump activity alterations, some heavy metal ions, and other Ca2+ antagonists. All these agents affect the sarcolemmal fluxes and/or the intracellular distribution of Ca2+, and the evidence is consistent with their effects on sugar transport being linked to their ability to alter the availability of cytoplasmic Ca2+. This is the basis for the hypothesis that sugar transport in muscle is regulated by Ca2+ binding to specific regulatory sites. Two positive controls, through contraction and insulin, and two negative feedbacks from mitochondrial oxidation and activity of the Na+ pump are identified. PMID- 6999562 TI - Plasma lysosomal enzyme activity in acute myocardial infarction and the effects of drugs. AB - The activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was found to be increased in serial plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Maximum activity occurred 18 hr after the onset of chest pain, and a further peak of activity was found at 72 hr. Four isozymes of NAG were resolved from samples of human myocardium. All four isozymes were present in plasma from patients with AMI but not in normal plasma. beta-Glucuronidase, which is also present in myocardium, had increased activity in plasma at 18 hr but not at 72 hr in patients with AMI. Lysozyme, a lysosomal enzyme in white blood cells, had increased activity in plasma at 72 hr. There was a linear relationship (r = 0.98) between peak levels of NAG at 18 hr and the peak activity of the MB-isozyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB). Three groups of 10 patients were treated with drugs known to stabilize lysosomes during experimental myocardial anoxia. The first group received 25 mg/kg methylprednisolone sodium succinate i.v. within 4 hr of the onset of chest pain. The second group received propranolol, 5-mg, i.v. within 4 hr of the onset of chest pain. The second group received propranolol, 5-mg, i.v. within 4 hr of the onset of chest pain, and the third group comprised patients who developed AMI while on propranolol therapy and were maintained on this drug after admission to the hospital. All three groups showed an alteration in the pattern of lysosomal and cytosolic enzyme activity and a relative reduction in NAG activity compared to CK-MB. PMID- 6999563 TI - Role of cortisol ion cardiac glucose metabolism in vivo. AB - Little is known about how physiological concentrations of glucocorticoid relate to cardiac metabolism in vivo. Healthy conscious dogs with catheters implanted for blood sampling and glucose infusion were studied. The range of blood glucose values produced by glucose infusion was 3700 to 74,400 mumol/liter. Arterial glucose concentration (Ca) was not significantly correlated with the arterial coronary sinus difference in concentration of glucose, Ca-cs glucose (N = 50, r = 0.23). However, at or above glucose infusion rates of 2120 mumol/min, significant increases in cardiac glucose extractions were seen. The range of plasma cortisol values was 13 to 438 nmol/liter. Cortisol immunoreactivity in arterial plasma (Ia cortisol) was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca-cs glucose (N = 50, r = -0.37, P < 0.01). Nonparametric analysis confirmed this association (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rs = -0.44, P < 0.01). The heart took up and released cortisol in relation to Ia cortisol (N = 50, r = 0.75, P < 0.001; rs = 0.58, P < 0.001). The range of Ia-cs cortisol was -31 to 138 nmol/liter (mean +/- SEM, 12 +/- 4, P < 0.01). The Ca-cs glucose was negatively correlated with Ia-cs cortisol (N = 50, r = -0.43, P < 0.01; rs = 0.50, P < 0.001). Thus, higher plasma cortisol immunoreactivity may lead to greater myocardial cortisol extraction and suppression of myocardial glucose extraction in vivo. At the same time arterial insulin immunoreactivity had a significant positive relationship to myocardial glucose extraction (N = 50, r = 0.37, P < 0.05; rs = 0.38, P < 0.01) and arterial plasma free fatty acids a negative relationship (N = 50, rs = -0.30, P < 0.05). PMID- 6999564 TI - Insulin, prolactin, and cortisol in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Despite the wide clinical spectrum of acute myocardial infarction, changes in various hormones, e.g., insulin, prolactin, and cortisol, have been observed in these cases separately. The present study was designed to see the changes of these hormones simultaneously and to follow them up along with the clinical improvement of the patient. Sixty nonobese, nondiabetic, and nonhypertensive patients of confirmed acute myocardial infarction (mean age 53 years) of which 54 were males were selected against 44 controls. Insulin, prolactin, an cortisol were estimated by radioimmunoassay technique. From the results it is presumed that there is a direct interrelationship between these hormones with the biochemical electrocardiographic, and clinical state of the patient. PMID- 6999565 TI - Geographic variations in coronary heart disease. A perspective on risk factors and prevention. AB - Mankind's greatest epidemic: heart disease--ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease (CHD)--has reached epidemic proportions striking more and more at younger subjects. It will result in coming years, in the greatest epidemic mankind has faced unless we are able to reverse the trend by concentrated research into its causes and prevention. Under the auspices of the World Health Organization the [executive] board expressed a wish that countries most affected by cardiovascular diseases increase their efforts, both to set up efficient services for control and to carry out more extensive research programs (20). PMID- 6999566 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with acute nitrofurantoin toxicity. Successful treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. AB - A case of adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with nitrofurantoin use is described. The patient was successfully managed with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through a tightly fitting face mask; clinical deterioration followed discontinuation of the CPAP, with improvement occurring when it was restarted. Acute nitrofurantoin pleuropulmonary reactions are reviewed, and CPAP by face mask is discussed. PMID- 6999567 TI - Functional evaluation of the transplanted lung after long-term preservation. AB - In dogs the immediate value of transplanted lungs was tested after preservation in Collins 3 solution and administration of aprotinin. 15 animals received a left or right homograft, which had been preserved for 24 h. In 3 cases preservation time was prolonged to 48 h, and in another 2 dogs both of the lungs were replaced by 24-hour preserved organs in a one-stage operation. The value of the transplants was tested by several physiological, morphological and clinical phenomena. (1) A positive O2 uptake of the transplant after a temporary occlusion of the opposite pulmonary artery documented its capacity for gaseous exchange. (2) Scintigraphic visualization of perfusion and ventilation in 3 dogs demonstrated satisfactory results. (3) A positive response to acetylcholine of the bronchial muscular system was observed in all transplants. (4) Normal light microscopy showed a lack of obvious morphological change. (5) Only slight alterations in electron microscopy were found when compared to those found before preservation. (6) The absence of acute bronchial edema excludes the possibility of irreversible altertions of the alveolocapillary wall. The results demonstrate that preservation of the lung is possible up to a period of 48 h. PMID- 6999568 TI - Types of plastids: their development and interconversions. PMID- 6999569 TI - Biosynthesis of thylakoids and the membrane-bound enzyme systems of photosynthesis. PMID- 6999570 TI - Fraction I protein. PMID- 6999571 TI - Factors in chloroplast differentiation. PMID- 6999572 TI - The survival, division and differentiation of higher plant plastids outside the leaf cell. PMID- 6999573 TI - The continuity of plastids and the differentiation of plastid populations. PMID- 6999576 TI - [Clinical evaluation of profenid]. PMID- 6999575 TI - [Effect of benziodarone and benzbromarone on the uric acid level in the blood and urine and on the incidence of gout attacks]. PMID- 6999574 TI - Plastid DNA-the plastome. PMID- 6999577 TI - [Clinical evaluation of clinoril in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6999579 TI - [Joining of ceramo-metal elements and periodontal protection]. PMID- 6999578 TI - [Joining of ceramo-metal bridgework and periodontal protection]. PMID- 6999580 TI - [Practical value and limitations of electrosurgery in the use of fixed prosthesis]. PMID- 6999581 TI - [Prosthetic consultation. Balance and prospective in dentistry]. PMID- 6999582 TI - In memoriam Lord Adrian (1889-1977). PMID- 6999583 TI - The cellular processing of lysosomal enzymes and related proteins. PMID- 6999584 TI - [Wilhelm Steinhausen (1887-1954)]. PMID- 6999585 TI - A kinetic analysis of the extraneuronal uptake and metabolism of catecholamines. PMID- 6999586 TI - [Studies of dysenteric infection in a closed children's community before and after anti-dysentery vaccination. II. Data on the response to antibiotics and chemotherapy]. AB - Study of the behaviour to 7 antibiotics and chemotherapeutics of the Shigella and E. coli strains, isolated from the feces samples of children and adults in a closed community, revealed the high incidence of multiple resistance, especially to the currently used drugs tested. The existence of the phenomenon of plasmid transferable resistance in commensal or pathogenic E. coli strains is an important factor in the appearance of epidemic foci caused by Shigella and T. coli strains, multiply resistant to antibiotics. PMID- 6999587 TI - [Current aspects of the physiopathology of the infectious process. II. Cybernetic elements in the pathogenetic structure of infectious diseases]. AB - The authors discuss the applicability of general cybernetic principles (the theory of systems and self-regulated mechanisms based on inversed connections) to the pathophysiologic structure of infections. With reference to concrete examples they outline the following elements: the appartenance of the infectious process to the notion of system (as conceived in the theory of systems), the previsible character of the functional potential of the structured system in the components of infection, and the sequental correspondence between system dynamics and the dynamics of the infectious process. Starting from the mechanism of action of the main microbial toxins, the aptitude of the latter to act upon the functional code of the macroorganism, altering the cellular and supracellular self-regulated biosystems, is demonstrated. Finally, the practical implications of assimilating cybernetic processes in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases are analyzed. PMID- 6999588 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of serological typing in subdifferentiation of strains of Klebsiella of extraenteral origin]. AB - The present study reports on the results of capsular serotyping of Klebsiella strains isolated between 1971 and 1972, carried out in view of the subdivision of the genus. Serologic typing was performed with K1--K80 sera on 156 Klebsiella strains, isolated from in-hospital cases of extraenteral klebsiella infections. The 140 (90%) strains typed were listed in 34 capsular serotypes. Another 16 strains (10%) could not be typed because of their insufficient capsular coating. The following 13 serotypes were predominant: K4 (13.57%), K2 (7.85%), K16 (6.42%), K18 (6.42%), K27 (5%), K20 (4.28%), K24 (4.28%), K55 (4.28%), K68 (4.28%), K48 (3.55%), K15 (2.85%), K17 (2.85%), representing 70.71%. In the feces samples from the healthy controls serotypes K7, K14, K30, K1, K2, K24, K27, K47 etc. may be considered omnipresent. It has been demonstrated that in periods of minimal epidemiological survey, these serotypes from healthy carriers may initiate nosocomial infections. The present findings emphasize the accessibility and value of serologic typing of klebsiellas according to clinical and epidemiologic indications. The serologic type is a marker that can be included on the programme of systematic typing of in-hospital strains. PMID- 6999589 TI - The undefined relationship between tumor antigens and histocompatibility antigens on cancer cells. AB - The data pertaining to the possible relationship between histocompatibility antigens (HA) and tumor-specific transplantation or tumor surface antigen (TSTA or TSA) are reviewed. The HA profiles of certain experimental and human neoplasms have been found to be altered either from the quantitative (increased expression of some antigenic specificities and decreased expression or even lack of other HA) or qualitative point of view (appearance of alien, genetically inappropriate HA). The authors entertain the possibility that the persence of TSTA or TSA on cancer cells may be linked to alterations of the HA profile. Evidence in favour of the idea that tumor antigens may actually to alien MHC products, alien minor HA or modified HA, is reviewed. Findings on structural relationships between TSA and beta2-microglobulin are also summarized. In the authors' opinion, no definitive conclusions can be reached at the present time on the relationship between TSTA or TSA and HA of cancer cells. PMID- 6999590 TI - Immunoreactive trypsin on dried-blood spots as a possible neonatal test for cystic fibrosis. (I. Evaluation of the method and preliminary field trial). AB - A method for blood spot immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) determination suitable for neonatal mass screening, and the preliminary steps towards its large-scale application are described. The method showed a highly significant correlation between blood spot and plasma values, and a study of plasma reference values in a population of 1,050 newborn infants demonstrated a log-normal distribution with a mean IRT concentration of 238.3 ng/ml. The results and their implications for neonatal mass screening are discussed. PMID- 6999591 TI - [Therapy for deviation of the nasal septum in young patients by rapid disjunction of the palatine suture]. PMID- 6999592 TI - The simplest relaxation technique of all. PMID- 6999593 TI - Preparation of experimental animal tissue for SEM. AB - Methods for preparing experimental animal tissues for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have evolved from so many sources, with such lack of standardization that interpretation of the results is difficult, and inter investigation comparisons usually impossible. To distinguish the surface changes inherent in any protocol for the preparation of bulk tissue blocks from those produced by experimentation or disease, the preparative procedures must become standardized at least to the extent that preparation for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is standardized. Rationales for the selection of a particular preparative procedure which will result in minimal alteration from the living tissue are discussed. The methods for handling the specimen, stabilization, dehydration and drying, rendering the surface conductive, and exposing the surface of interest are described for a wide variety of experimental animals. The use of SEM to yield maximum morphological information in the secondary electron mode is also described, as are the methods used for evaluating the results in terms of minimal distortion due to preparative procedures. PMID- 6999594 TI - Ultrastructural and elemental imaging of biological specimens by soft X-ray contact microscopy. AB - Soft X-ray contact microscopy offers a means of visualizing unstained as well as stained biological materials at better than 6 nm resolution. Unlike light and transmission electron microscopy, which rely on stains to increase specimen contrast, soft X-ray imaging is dependent upon the differential absorption of incident soft (1-10nm wavelength) X-rays by the endogenous elements within the specimen. The advantages of using soft X-rays for imaging are: 1) reduced specimen damage during exposure; 2) ability to image hydrated specimens at atmospheric pressure; 3) ability to image specimens ranging in thickness from less than 40 nm to as much as 10 microns; and 4) ability to map the elemental composition of the specimen through observation of the differential absorption of properly chosen incident x-ray wave lengths. This paper explains the principles of the image formation and demonstrates the use of soft X-ray contact microscopy with biological samples which could not readily be imaged in their natural form using conventional electron microscopy methods. PMID- 6999596 TI - A review of the colloidal gold marker system. AB - Colloidal gold can be used as a particulate marker for the detection and localization of target molecules by various modes of microscopy (light and fluorescent microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy) using both direct and indirect labeling approaches. Several techniques are available for the preparation of gold markers in a size range of 5nm to 150nm, their mean size and shape characteristics and absorption spectra varying with particle size. Under appropriate conditions, colloidal gold will bind macromolecules by non-covalent electrostatic adsorption with little change in the specific activity of the bound macromolecule. This interaction is influenced by a number of factors including ionic concentration, pH conditions (in correlation with the protein pI values) and protein stabilizing levels. Presence of reactive protein on probes can be demonstrated and quantitated by direct and indirect radioactive binding assays and agglutination assays. These assays provide convenient procedures for characterizing stability, and behaviour in storage, of gold probes. Stability of gold probes under conditons where competing proteins are present, under freeze thaw cycles and under SEM preparation conditions have been evaluated in this paper. Some of the basic procedures in the application of gold probes to cell labeling are briefly discussed together with certain limitations of the colloidal gold marker system. A bibliography of gold probe cell labeling studies is included. PMID- 6999598 TI - Introduction to cells in culture as studied by SEM. AB - The use of SEM to study cell surface topography though useful in many instances is a much stronger research resource when correlated with other techniques. This introduction to the symposium on cells in culture as studied by SEM will illustrate various experiments correlating high voltage electron microscopy with SEM and immunofluorescence microscopy with SEM. In addition, experiments will be discussed on the motile behavior and topography of cells on modified substrates, and the morphology of cellular outgrowth from tissue explants. PMID- 6999595 TI - Further studies of specimen volume changes during processing for SEM: including some plant tissue. AB - The dimensions of specimens undergoing preparation for examination in the SEM were measured throughout the preparative sequence or at various important stages. The tissues studied included 15-day mouse embryo limbs (MEL), small blocks of adult mouse liver and brain, and potato tuber. The animal tissues were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde (GA) in 0.15M cacodylate buffer, and the potatoe tissue in 2% GA in water. The effects of various secondary fixation and other treatments were investigated. The results show that lithium salts cause a reduction in the shrinkage of MEL in 100% ethanol but this effect was not significant in the other tissues investigated, and did not persist in specimens stored after critical point drying (CPD). All CPD specimens were shrunken. However postosmication and treatment with uranyl acetate (UAc) and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) all reduced specimen shrinkage in 100% ethanol and after critical point drying. The volume gains with Os + UAc and Os + CPC are both very significant, but it was found that these larger specimens shrank more on storage. Thus rapid examination in the SEM is recommended. Ethanol and Freon 113 were compared as intermediate fluids and it was found that ethanol-CO2 critical point dried specimens shrank more before and after CPD than Freon 113-CO2 specimens. The latter technique is, therefore, to be recommended. Potato tissue shrinks in 30% ethanol, whereas animal tissues all swell in this concentration. The potato tissue also shrank very litte on critical point drying in contrast to the animal tissue specimens. PMID- 6999600 TI - An approach to the study of cultured secretory cells in various states of activity integrating data from scanning and transmission electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, autohistoradiography and radioimmunoassy. PMID- 6999599 TI - SEM morphological studies of phagocytosis by rat macrophages and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Peritoneal rat macrophages and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes were obtained after thioglycollate or glycogen stimulation. Optimal conditions for phagocytosis were determined by a recently developed quantitative fluorimetric assay. We studied by serial SEM micrographs macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated either in medium or in the presence of different types of phagocytic particles. We compared the morphological aspects of adsorption and phagocytic processes for opsonized microorganisms (Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Candida albicans) with these for inert beads of iron and metallic mercury. Without phagocytosis, in the presence of fresh homologous serum, we observed a progressive development of microvilli or lamellipodia in ruffles and by the end, hypertrophied ruffles appeared at one pole of the cell. We noted extremely well developed ruffles during phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms. These were practically absent on the macrophages incubated with inert particles. The mean number of adsorbed particles is more elevated in the case of iron and metallic mercury beads than for microorganisms. The rate of ingestion of inert particles was considerably higher than for microorganisms even when they were opsonized. In conclusion, at all stages of the phagocytic process, we observe different morphological features of the macrophages depending on the nature of the phagocytosed particles. PMID- 6999597 TI - Tissue vestiges of an ancient Magadan mammoth calf. PMID- 6999601 TI - Problems in quantitative x-ray microanalysis of biological specimens. AB - Use of quantitative methods in X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens has expanded the scope of this technique. Reliable quantitation in biological microanalysis is, however, not simple, and a number of difficulties are typical for biological specimens. The purpose of this tutorial is to signal problems in quantitative X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens and to discuss possible solutions. First of all, the instrumental configuration has to be optimized and the contribution of extraneous sources to the spectrum minimized. Contamination and mass loss during irradiation have to be reduced. After the spectrum is obtained, background subtraction and deconvolution routines are applied. The contribution of extraneous sources to the spectrum has to be accurately determined and subtracted from the initial spectrum. Standards have to be prepared that contain the elements of interest in a known amount and are homogeneous. The intensities in specimen and standard are then compared and corrections are applied to correct for differences in composition between specimen and standard that are relevant to the resulting X-ray spectrum. These corrections are relatively simple for thin specimens but may be more intricate for bulk specimens. It is then important to know under which conditions the quantitative procedure can be simplified. PMID- 6999602 TI - Quantitation in x ray microanalysis of biological bulk specimens. AB - Electron probe microanalysis of biological bulk specimens, as compared to thin specimens, is limited by poor X-ray spatial resolution. On the other hand preparation methods for bulk specimens are often much simpler than for thin specimens. With respect to quantitation, however, numerous problems arise, such as poorly known composition of the matrix, local density differences, charging, mass loss, contamination, poorly defined surface topography, etc. The various quantitation methods, commonly used, include the use of ideal and non-ideal standards, the use of P/B-ratios, the calculation of ZAF-correction, and the use of so-called no-standard methods. The accuracy or reliability of the various methods has hardly been systematically investigated. It is shown that approximations from model systems will be necessary. Finally it is expected that the method used for particle analysis will be useful for the investigation of biological bulk specimens. PMID- 6999603 TI - The use of frozen-hydrated bulk specimens for x-ray microanalysis. AB - The recent development of versatile instrumentation has removed a serious obstacle for the use of frozen-hydrated bulk specimens in studies of biological problems. Methods for freezing, fracturing, mounting, etching, and coating are now known and offer a wide spectrum of technical possibilities to choose from for a particular application. However, progress in biological studies is still limited by the problems encountered during the analysis. In order to keep the X ray source volume commensurate with the size of cells, low accelerating voltages have to be used. Poor peak to background ratios are, thereby, obtained and the sensitivity of the method is deteriorated. Superficial freeze-drying improves the peak to background ratios, but it is no expedient because of the difficulty in determining the degree of dehydration. The most serious problem is specimen charging which occurs even after coating. The degree of charging is not uniform, neither within the sample nor between specimen and standard. Therefore, the determination of relative concentrations becomes uncertain. PMID- 6999604 TI - The role of calcium in cell injury. A review. AB - The role of calcium in cell injury is currently under investigation in many laboratories. It appears that movement of calcium between extra- to intracellular compartments and between various intracellular compartments plays a key role in determining many important reactions of cells both to lethal and sublethal injuries of diverse types as well as in adaptive new steady states. Prevention and/or modification of calcium movements has implication for the control of cell population growth, the prevention of cancer, and the retrieval of victims of shock, myocardial infarction and stroke. Regardless of what type of initial injury occurs, for example ischemia or direct cell membrane damage, the cell undergoes calcium accumulation either by impaired energy metabolism and/or plasmalemmal alterations. This elevated intracellular calcium concentration is responsible for cytoskeletal modifications which alter cell shape, the activation of phospholipases which results in perpetuation of membrane damage and finally, mitochondrial calcification. Although such changes have been partially characterized biochemically and morphologically, some obscure points continue to need clarification. The importance of determing the event(s) responsible for cell death is directly related to the potential capability of their manipulation. Therefore, this could result in the development and/or modification of pharmacologic interventions for the control and prevention of many human diseases. It is the purpose of this paper to review the present state of the art regarding the role of calcium in cell injury, to put it into perspective concerning organelle changes from the standpoint of morphology, and to indicate the present and future role of analytical microscopy in furthering the understanding of these processes. PMID- 6999605 TI - Preparation of microbiological specimens for scanning electron microscopy. AB - This tutorial paper describes techniques for processing microorganisms for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For ease of discussion, the subject is divided into two sections: A. General Processing Requirements, and B. Specific Processing Techniques. The objective of the first section is to outline processing requirements, explain their purpose, and point out where variations are possible. The following basic steps are discussed: (1) specimen selection, (2) prefixation treatment, (3) chemical fixation, (4) dehydration, (5) critical point drying and freeze-drying, (6) coating, and (7) viewing. The second section describes methods of manipulating microorganisms through the processing steps. Instructions will cover microorganisms processed for SEM (1) in suspension, (2) in tissues. (3) in tissue culture, and (4) on agar. We are relying heavily on our own experiences in the laboratory and the results are illustrated by use of bacteria, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, fungi, free-living protozoa, and parasitic protozoa. This tutorial is intended to be a general reference for processing microorganisms for study with the scanning electron microscope. Although we have described basic requirements and several specific techniques, it must be emphasized that there is a wide range of preparation flexibility permissible, depending upon the objectives of the study. PMID- 6999606 TI - Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of the concentration of elements in relation to cell reproduction in normal and in cancer cells. PMID- 6999607 TI - Application of x-ray microanalysis in reproductive physiology. AB - Sperm, testis, prostate, epididymis and uterus have all beeen examined by X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope. Specimen preparation has included air drying of whole cells, fixation, histochemical treatment, cryoultramicrotomy and freeze substitution of soft tissues, and micropuncture and pipetting of microdroplets from tissue fluids. Early analyses involved the study of thick samples using the electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) with wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS). More recently energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS) have been coupled to EMMA, TEM, SEM and STEM instruments to study these tissues. Although spatial resolution and sensitivity of analysis have greatly improved recently, specimen preparation remains a major limitation to the successful analysis of physiological levels of elements in reproductive tissues. A review of comparative methods of analysis and specimen preparation procedures is given for tissues of male and female species. PMID- 6999609 TI - Progress in electron energy loss analysis for biological specimens. AB - Recent work, both experimental and theoretical has clarified the range of applicability, optimum conditions of operation and limits of detection of the EELS technique. Its chief use is for microanalysis of light elements (Z < 10). For heavier elements, however, it also has an important advantage over X-ray methods in requiring lower electron exposure of the specimen for given signal strength. PMID- 6999608 TI - X-ray microanalysis of the kidney. AB - The use of x-ray microanalysis for the localization of insoluble deposits in kidney tissue, the quantitation of micropuncture samples from tubular lumens, and the localization and quantitation of histochemical reaction products are becoming standard procedures in a variety of laboratories involved in renal research. The validity of these procedures has been established and exploitation of them should lead to new research insights. Even more exciting are the new analytical procedures for quantitative analysis of soluble substances in tissue sections. Shock frozen kidney can be analyzed in the frozen hydrated, frozen dried, or freeze substituted state. The promise of applying these technical achievements to renal research is a more precise understanding of the ion concentrations in lumens, intersititium, cells, and their organelles from various regions of the kidney in documented physiological and pathological states. PMID- 6999610 TI - Ion microanalysis of cells. AB - The application of ion microanalysis (IMA) to the chemical characterization of freeze-fixed, freeze-dried cells is reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to pathological studies involving the determination of the chemical composition of isolated cells (e.g. rabbit alveolar macrophages--RAMs) exposed in vitro to toxic species (e.g. Pb3O4 particles). Ion microscopic results indicated that lead from Pb3O4 migrated into the RAMs and subsequently formed phosphorous-containing compounds. Quantitative comparisons of the relative concentrations of physiologic elements in Pb3O4-treated versus control RAMs also were made using ion microanalytical techniques. The Pb3O4 results illustrate that the three dimensional analysis capabilities of the IMA may be exploited for the in situ observation of the penetration of xenobiotic agents into cell interiors and their subsequent intracellular chemistry. The potential advantages of ion microanalysis for the characterization of cells include high elemental sensitivity (including low atomic number elements and diffusible ions), broad elemental coverage, three dimensional analysis, and isotopic information. The major limitations include non idealities of the ion sputtering process, the constraints on the lateral resolution available to identify subcellular features, and the difficulties inherent in the determination of absolute elemental concentrations. PMID- 6999611 TI - SEM of micro-corrosion casts. AB - The production of micro-corrosion casts suitable for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is described in this tutorial. The casts are produced by filling an internal luminal system or space with a liquid medium which becomes solid in situ. The surrounding tissue is then removed (corroded) and the resulting replica is dried, rendered conductive, and examined in the SEM. An historical review describes the evolution of the technique and provides perspective for the SEM applications. The criteria which should be fulfilled by the injection medium are listed, and the procedures used for those media which have proven successful, together with their inherent artefacts are described in detail. The two groups of media most commonly used are the rubber compounds and the polymer resins. The latter so faithfully replicate luminal surfaces that a distinction between arteries and veins can be made on the basis of endothelial cell impressions on the surface of the replica. A review of currently used non-SEM techniques provides a comprehensive analysis of the methods used to determine success with SEM micro-corrosion casting, as well as complementary methods for the visualization of vascular and alveolar systems. The paper is illustrated mainly with material from the rat brain vascular system. PMID- 6999612 TI - [Hormonal changes during fasting]. PMID- 6999613 TI - The gastrointestinal manifestations and complications of malignant lymphoma. AB - Malignant lymphoma involves the gastrointestinal tract as a primary or secondary in the course of disseminated lymphoma. Although primary lymphoma has received the most attention in the literature, secondary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is much more common. The gastrointestinal manifestations and complications are a common problem and there is a lack of information as to diagnosis, management and prognosis. Intensive application of currently-available diagnostic techniques including radiology, cytology, endoscopy, biopsy and gastric secretory studies should be pursued for the evaluation of patients with lymphoma. The management of the multiple gastrointestinal complications such as monilial esophagitis, hemorrhagic gastritis, stress erosions, intestinal perforation, diarrhea, malabsorption and radiation damage that may then affect the gastrointestinal tract in the course of malignant lymphoma or its treatment requires very careful supportive management. Each modality of tretment for lymphoma may be associated with a variety of complications which compromise the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract and which may be at times more devastating than the underlying neoplasm. Early recognition and active treatment of these complications is vital. PMID- 6999614 TI - [Malignant lymphomas of the intestinal tract. Histological and immunohistological findings in 22 intestinal lymphomas]. AB - The histology and immunohistology of 22 malignant lymphomas of the intestinal tract have been studied using the so-called "Kiel classification". We have found 12 lymphomas with low grade malignancy (lymphocytic, lympho-plasmocytoid, centrocytic, centroblastic-centrocytic) and 10 with high grade (centroblastic, lymphoblastic, immunoblastic). In all cases of lympho-plasmocytoid and immunoblastic lymphoma a monoclonal pattern of intracellular immunoglobulin was identified by the immunoperoxidae method. This technique offers considerable help in distinguishing between (monoclonal) malignant lymphomas and (polyclonal) lympho- or immunoproliferative processes. PMID- 6999615 TI - [Utilization of anti-arrhythmic drugs]. AB - Wise utilization of antiarrhythmic drugs depends on a profound knowledge of their intracellular effects; however, due to widely varying individual response to such drugs, long clinical experience and a certain degree of empiricism are usually necessary. In view of the negatively inotropic effect of the majority of the antiarrhythmic drugs and the potential danger of their association, it seems advisable to recommend that benign arrhythmias should not be treated. Finally, a thorough understanding of the mechanism of complex arrhythmias is essential in selecting the appropriate medical treatment. PMID- 6999616 TI - [Renovascular hypertension in Switzerland 1976-1978. A multicenter study]. PMID- 6999617 TI - [Slow virus infections of the central nervous system]. AB - The major slow viral infections discovered in man manifest themselves in chronic neurological disease. Studies of these diseases have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus persistence in the central nervous system. Findings are summarized from recent investigations on such slow viral infections as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spongiform encephalopathies. From the examples presented it is evident that there is a great diversity of virus-host interactions in slow viral infections of the central nervous system. PMID- 6999618 TI - [Thiamphenicol versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in bacterial exacerbations of chronic unspecific respiratory tract diseases. A controlled study]. AB - To document the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in treating bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and to evaluate the efficacy of thiamphenicol (TAP), 29 patients with chronic bronchial disease were treated for two separate bacterial exacerbations, once with 0.48 g of TMP and 2.4 g SMZ daily, and once with 1.5 g of TAP daily, for 14 days. Patients were evaluated weekly and different measurements, including graded clinical observations, ventilatory tests, sputum measurements, quantitative bacterial counts and blood studies were performed. Side effects were closely monitored. Of the 29 patients entered, 20 finished the trial and hence 40 exacerbations were evaluated. All graded clinical observations were improved by the antimicrobials, whereas no marked change in the ventilatory tests was seen. Of the sputum measurements the daily volume, purulence, numbers of neutrophils and bronchial epithelial cells decreased, as did the numbers of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci. Of the blood studies the red blood cell count fell by more than 20% of the pretreatment value in 2 patients on TAP and 2 on TMP-SMZ. Using the same criterion, the hemoglobin level fell in 4 patients on TAP and in the hemoglobin level fell in 4 patients on TAP and in 2 patients on TAP-SMZ, while the hematocrit fell in 4 patients on TAP and in 1 on TMP-SMZ. However, all these changes were completely reversible. Minor gastrointestinal side effects were observed in 11 patients receiving TAP, compared to 3 patients on TMP-SMZ. 1 patient on the latter drug experienced a rash at the end of therapy. From the viewpoint of overall clinical assessment, 16 patients improved and 4 remained unchanged during therapy with TAP. The corresponding figures for TMP-SMZ were 17 patients improved, 2 the same and 1 worse at the end of therapy. The average relapse time after TAP was 184 days and after TMP-SMZ 180 days. In conclusion, 80% or more of exacerbations were improved by the two drugs. For all the variables measured, no significant differences were statistically detectable between the two antimicrobials, whether given in the sequence TAP first and TMP-SMZ second, or vice versa. PMID- 6999619 TI - [Value of renal biopsy in deteriorating graft function following renal allotransplantation]. AB - The value of renal transplant biopsy in determining the cause of deteriorating graft function was evaluated by comparing morphologic diagnoses with clinical findings and ultimate course in a series of 104 biopsies. Transplant biopsy was a valuable tool in diagnosing acute and chronic transplant rejection. It was superior to clinical parameters, mainly in differentiating vascular transplant rejection (which is usually associated with poor prognosis) from cellular rejection (associated with a much better prognosis). Biopsy was less effective in detecting deteriorating function due to ureteral stenosis. Transplant biopsy was essential in determining the case of proteinuria, thanks to its ability to differentiate the various types of glomerular transplant lesions. PMID- 6999621 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia and myeloma]. AB - A woman with morphologically and cytochemically confirmed hairy cell leukemia also showed the typical signs of myeloma (paraproteinemia IgG/k, Bence-Jones-k paraproteinuria, numerous partly atypical plasma cells in the bone marrow, diffuse osteoporosis of the spine and osteolytic lesions in the skull). This observation strongly supports the hypothesis of a direct relationship between hairy cells and plasma cells. PMID- 6999620 TI - [Cancer mortality among the workers of a Swiss rubber goods factory. Epidemiological study, 1955-75]. AB - In an epidemiologic investigation of mortality among workers in a Swiss rubber goods factory the cancer mortality in the period 1955-1975 has been studied in all male workers active on 1 January 1955 in (a) a rubber-goods factory and (b) a munitions factory, the latter as reference population. The two groups numbered some 1000 each. Both factories were located in the same Central Swiss village where no other industry was present. Mortality in each industry is compared with that in the Swiss population in general (SMR) and the mortalities of the two industries are compared with each other. The results tend to confirm that rubber workers are exposed to a higher risk of cancer mortality. Three particular types of cancer are briefly discussed: cancer of the stomach, of the lower urinary tract, and glioblastoma. PMID- 6999622 TI - Computers, health care, and medical information science. AB - The clinical laboratory is examined as a microcosm of the entire health care delivery system. The introduction of computers into the clinical laboratory raises issues that are difficult to resolve by the methods of information science or medical science applied in isolation. The melding of these two disciplines, together with the contributions of other disciplines, has created a new field of study called medical information science. The emergence of this new discipline and some specific problem-solving approaches used in its application in the clinical laboratory are examined. PMID- 6999623 TI - Genetic diversity and structure in Escherichia coli populations. AB - A survey of electrophoretic variation in 20 enzymes from 109 clones of escherichia coli from natural populations yielded an estimate of mean genetic diversity approximately twice that reported in an earlier study and four to five times larger than estimates fro most eukaryotic species. Despite this extensive variability, the number of distinctive genotypes apparently is rather limited. Identical clones were obtained from unassociated hosts, and a clone that is electrophoretically indistinguishable from the laboratory strain Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated from a human infant. The results suggest that rates of genetic recombination in natural populations of Escherichia coli are low. These findings have implications for our understanding of the genetic structure of Escherichia coli populations and the factors determining the amount of neutral gene variability in this bacterial species. PMID- 6999625 TI - Emission tomography of the heart. AB - The utility and ultimate role of positron emission computed tomography in health care delivery is difficult to assess at present and needs to be defined in the future. It would seem that with improvements in instrumentation and physiologic indicators, and with the development of compact, reliable, and generator-like cyclotrons, "physiologic tomography" will become more widely applicable. Physiologic tomography of the heart undoubtedly represents an important new tool for investigative studies that will improve our understanding of cardiac physiology in health and disease. The quantiative aspects as well as simultaneous evaluation of more than one segment of myocardial performance, e.g., simultaneous study of mechanical function, blood flow, and metabolism and their interdependency, will provide new insights into myocardial physiology. Because many of the cardiovascular disorders may originate at the cellular or metabolic level, it is hoped that this technique will serve as a means for the early detection of cardiac disease, perhaps at a stage when it is still amenable to therapy. PMID- 6999624 TI - Special characteristics and potential of single photon emission computed tomography in the brain. AB - Single photon emission tomographic techniques for evaluation of the brain have as their major advantage the ability to employ readily available radionuclides, such as technetium-99m. With present radiopharmaceuticals, single photon emmision tomography of the brain primarily provides morphological information that may be complimentary to standard gamma camera images. Particular areas of assistance have included detection of basal lesions, delineation of multiplicity of lesions, definition of medial extent of abnormalities, clear separation of skull and intracranial abnormalities, and perhaps improved lesion characterization. Overall, however, the reported improvement in sensitivity has been relatively small. To optimally utilize the tomographic and quantiative capabilities of single emission tomography, new classes of radiopharmaceuticals must be developed that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and provide information on CNS function and pathophysiology. If such radiopharmaceuticals can be labeled with single emission radionuclides, this technique has the potential to provide critically important information. The ultimate outcome of single emission tomographic techniques for the study of the brain may depend on radiopharmaceutical advances. PMID- 6999626 TI - [Historiography of medical science in Bulgaria]. PMID- 6999627 TI - [1st Five-Year Plan for the development of public health in the Soviet Union]. PMID- 6999628 TI - [Source study in medical history]. PMID- 6999630 TI - [Physicians in the Ukraine in the 18th century]. PMID- 6999629 TI - [History museum of the Donetsk Medical Institute]. PMID- 6999631 TI - [Unique album]. PMID- 6999632 TI - [Role of Soviet medical scientists in World War II (on the 35th anniversary of victory over fascist Germany)]. PMID- 6999633 TI - [Results and prospects of using becotid in bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases]. PMID- 6999634 TI - [Late results of treating fresh ruptures of the knee joint ligaments]. PMID- 6999635 TI - [Significance of the rosette formation phenomenon in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6999636 TI - Pancreas transplantation in the pig. A trial of various immunosuppressive regimens. AB - Five immunosuppressive regimens which included prednisone, azathioprine and niridazole were compared in pancreatectomized pigs after orthotopic whole pancreas transplantation. The survival time was longer than in non immunosuppressed pigs, but only in those given niridazole 500 mg twice daily was this marked. The weekly plasma insulin and glucagon values and responses to the oral glucose load 7 days after transplantation showed that prednisone 1,0 g/d and azathioprine 100 mg/d, or niridazole 500 mg twice daily, were successful immunosuppressive agents. These data add to the increasing evidence that whole organ pancreas transplantation would be more successful than the use of isolated islets. Specifically, it appears that the pancreas alone may be used, thereby avoiding the complications associated with combined pancreaticoduodenal grafting. PMID- 6999637 TI - Danazol in the treatment of endometriosis externa. AB - Thirty-six women with endometriosis externa were treated with danazol (Ladogar; Winthrop Laboratories, Division of Sterling Drug (SA) (Pty) Ltd) for 6 months. In 15 cases treatment was combined with conservative surgery. Of these patients 34 presented with the complaint of infertility. The results were evaluated by means of repeat laparoscopy and biopsy. Of 21 patients treated with danazol only 9 (42,9%) were completely healed, and 10 (47,6%) showed a good response, giving an overall response of 90,5% and a corrected conception rate of 52,9%. Of the 15 patients who were treated with danazol combined with conservative surgery, 9 (60%) have completely healed, and 3 had a recurrence of endometriosis. This group had a corrected pregnancy rate of 30,8%. The majority of conceptions (61,5%) occurred during the first 6 months after treatment, 92,3% within the 1st year and 1 a year after conclusion of treatment. Of the 13 conceptions, 11 were successful, 1 ended in an abortion and 1 in an ectopic pregnancy, and 1 small-for gestational-age infant was delivered. PMID- 6999638 TI - The orthopaedic implications of the sclerosing bone dysplasias. AB - Sclerosing bone dysplasias are a group of unusual disorders with important and frequently lethal complications. During the past 8 years more than 80 patients with disorders of this type have been investigated in the Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town. It has emerged that a condition in this category 'sclerosteosis', has a high prevalence in individuals of Afrikaner stock and more than 40 affected patients have been studied. Other conditions which have been investigated during this survey include various types of osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis and craniometaphyseal dysplasia. In each, specific radiographic features facilitate the diagnostic precision which is crucial for effective prognostication and management. Orthopaedic complications are an important aspect of these disorders. PMID- 6999639 TI - The diagnosis and management of intra-uterine growth retardation. AB - The aetiology, prediction, diagnosis and perinatal complications of intra-uterine growth retardation are reviewed. A scheme of management is presented. PMID- 6999640 TI - Bicitropeptide and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. A double blind, double-dummy endoscopically controlled trial. AB - In a double-blind endoscopic study of 55 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcers, treatment with the mucosal-protective agent, bicitropeptide (BCP Compound), was superior to that with cimetidine (Tagamet) after 6 weeks. After the administration of bicitropeptide, 77% of ulcers had completely healed and 25% had partially healed, and after treatment with cimetidine 38% had completely healed and 38% had partially healed (chi 2 = 6,316; P < 0,025). There was no difference between the results of treatment with either drug at 12 weeks. Patients were followed up 3 months after the ulcers healed, and 44% who had been on bicitropeptide and 72% on cimetidine had active ulcers (no significant difference). Blood and urine bismuth levels were estimated before therapy, after 6 weeks of therapy, and after 3 months without therapy. Results showed that in patients taking bicitropeptide, urine bismuth levels rose significantly between 0 and 6 weeks, but decreased to pretreatment levels after 3 months without therapy. Blood bismuth levels did not change. PMID- 6999641 TI - A history of urinary stone. AB - Urinary stone was well known to the ancient Greeks, as the reference to it in the Oath of Hippocrates shows. The oldest renal stone on record actually comes from an Egyptian mummy. For obvious reasons our forefathers were better acquainted with bladder stones than renal stones until the advent of radiography. Interesting aspects of the story are the gradual decline in the incidence of bladder stones and their apparent replacement by renal stones. PMID- 6999642 TI - Etomidate as anaesthetic induction agent in open-heart surgery. AB - Etomidate (Hypnomidate; Ethnor (Janssen)) in propylene glycol was used for induction of anaesthesia in 25 patients requiring cardiac surgery, and the effects on pulse and blood pressure were measured. It is concluded that etomidate is a suitable induction agent for open-heart surgery. PMID- 6999644 TI - The survival of dermatophytes from tape strippings of skin. AB - The isolation of dermatophytes from skin strippings on vinyl tape decreased with lenght of storage. In addition, the time taken for growth to appear increased with storage. The survival of dermatophytes on skin strippings was at least as good as in conventional skin scrapings. PMID- 6999643 TI - Treatment of murine cryptococcosis with minocycline and amphotericin B. AB - Minocycline has an additive anticryptococcal effect when combined with amphotericin B in vitro, and the combination lowers tissue counts of fungi. However, minocycline offers no survival benefit to amphotericin B therapy in murine cryptococcosis. PMID- 6999645 TI - A scanning electron microscope comparison of basidial structures in Filobasidiella neoformans and Filobasidiella bacillispora. AB - A comparison of basidial structures in the two species of Filobasidiella by scanning electron microscopy showed similar morphology for the basidia. Globose swellings developed into oval to clavate mature basidia which produced chains of basidiospores by budding at four points on the apical surface, with sterigmata lacking. F. bacillispora sometimes developed a typical basal swelling during enlargement of the clavate basidium. The basidiospores of F. neoformans were larger, with irregularly roughened walls and lemon-shaped to oval in contrast to the smooth, rod-shaped basidiospores of F. bacillispora. PMID- 6999646 TI - [Sulphatrimethoprim-nystatin combination in the prophylaxis of infection in acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999647 TI - Forty-fifth anniversary of social security. AB - August 14, 1980, marks the 45th anniversary of the signing of the Social Security Act. Across the country, we have held town meetings where people have discussed the past 45 years of social security and assessed the implications for the future. Now I would like to take the opportunity to convey my personal views of the past and future of social security, both as Commissioner and as an individual who has watched the program evolve over the years. PMID- 6999649 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - Thoracic outlet syndrome includes a variety of previously described syndromes, the common factor being compression of the neurovascular bundle as it exists from the thoracic outlet. Diagnosis is largely one of exclusion but may be aided in some patients by angiography, assessment of the conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve, and other objective tests. Many patients can improve with conservative treatment, but in those requiring surgery, the best results have been obtained with first rib resection. Currently, the most popular approach is transaxillary, and more than 90 per cent of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome will be relieved by this procedure. PMID- 6999648 TI - Tumors of the chest wall. AB - Primary tumors of the chest wall are uncommon but should be considered in the evaluation of patients with persistent chest wall pain or the presence of a chest wall mass, especially when this is near the costal cartilages. Special radiographic techniques may help to define the diagnostic possibilities and the extent of local involvement. Since at least half of the primary rib tumors and virtually all of the sternal tumors are malignant, these problems demand prompt investigation, accurate tissue diagnosis, and, usually, generous surgical excision. With appropriate attention to skin, soft tissue, and skeletal involvement, resection of major chest wall tumors can be done safely, and there are a variety of reconstructive techniques available to deal with the resulting defects. Radiotherapy has little role in the treatment of chest wall tumors except for the myeloproliferative disorders and possibly some cases of Ewing's sarcoma. Chemotherapy has similarly been ineffective for the cartilaginous tumors but shows some promise in the multidisciplinary approach to osteogenic sarcoma. Surgical resection, however, remains the mainstay for the treatment of most tumors of the chest wall. Even in instances of recurrent disease there are many whose long-term survival has been achieved by multiple operative procedures. PMID- 6999650 TI - Diagnosis and management of pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 6999651 TI - Effect of endotoxin on oxygen consumption by a flow-controlled canine hind-limb preparation. AB - The effect of endotoxin upon oxygen consumption in a peripheral vascular bed was assessed in a canine hind-limb preparation. The left iliac vessels in 12 adult male mongrel dogs were isolated, the artery cannulated proximally and distally such that arterial inflow could be routed through a roller pump, and a nonocclusive catheter placed in the vein. Oxygen consumption was then calculated as the product of flow rate and and arteriovenous oxygen content difference at a series of flow rates before and after the systemic administration of endotoxin (3 mg/kg) or saline solution. At each flow rate, oxygen consumption by the extremities of endotoxic animals was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that measured in control animals. This finding mitigates the hypothesis that endotoxin has a direct effect on cells reducing tissue oxygen consumption. PMID- 6999652 TI - Prolongation of heterotopic cardiac allografts in rats by cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA), an investigational immunosuppressive drug, was tested for its ability to prevent rejection of heterotopic rat heart allografts transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier (ACI to Lewis). The relative efficacy of CsA was compared to a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone. Various dose-schedule combinations of CsA as a single drug were evaluated in regard to duration of grafts beating, recipient mortality rate, and histology of long-term functioning grafts. A daily dose of CsA of 10 mg/kg prevented rejection, but was associated with a 40% recipient mortality rate from infection. CsA in 5 mg/kg/day doses resulted in long-term graft function (> 100 days), but histological examination of these grafts showed mild rejection. A dose-schedule of CsA in 10 mg/kg/day for 7 to 35 days followed by a reduction to 5 mg/kg/day prolonged the survival rate of all grafts to longer than 100 days; no rats died from this treatment and there was no evidence of rejection on graft histology. In contrast, a combination of 4 mg/kg/day azathioprine and 4 mg/kg/day prednisolone did not prolong graft survival rates. Azathioprine in 30 mg/kg and prednisolone in 12 mg/kg prolonged allograft survival (50 to 60 days), but was associated with significant recipient morbidity (> 25% weight loss) and histological evidence of acute and chronic rejection. A nontoxic dose of CsA is superior to a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone in preventing the rejection of heterotopic rat heart allografts. The therapeutic index of cyclosporin A in rats can be increased by using a tapering dose schedule, as opposed to a fixed dose schedule. CsA has good potential for clinical application to organ transplantation. PMID- 6999653 TI - Open-lung biopsy in the renal transplant recipient. AB - In 22 renal transplant recipients, 23 open-lung biopsy procedures were performed. There were two (8.7%) biopsy-related complications (hemorrhage and pneumothorax) and five deaths (22.7%), although the deaths could not be definitely related to the biopsy procedure itself. Seventeen biopsy specimens yielded specific diagnoses, and six were nonspecific. The mortality rate for the patients with specific diagnoses was not significantly different from that of patients with nonspecific diagnoses (25% vs. 16.7%). Other factors analyzed, such as age, diabetes, hypoxia, leukopenia, and donor source, did not affect the result of biopsy. We conclude that the patient's underlying disease and added immunosuppressive therapy are the factors most responsible for the clinical outcome. We suggest that without early treatment of the infectious agents, the mortality rate of the group with specific diagnoses would likely have been higher. PMID- 6999654 TI - Duration of first renal allograft survival as indicator of second allograft outcome. PMID- 6999655 TI - What's new in plastic surgery. PMID- 6999656 TI - [Male subfertility--continuing diagnostic and therapeutic measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999658 TI - Immunological aspects of some parasitic infections. AB - In this review article, some recent developments in the immunology of parasitic infections are presented. After an introduction in which the major human parasitic infectious diseases, including malaria, african and american trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, filariasis an schistosomiasis are mentioned, a description of the host/parasite relationship in malaria presented. The possibility for the development of vaccins against malaria are described. The close relation between the immunological responses and the inflammatory reactions present both in Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis infections is stressed. Particularly the recently recognized direct anti-parasitic activity of eosinophils was emphasized. Next, ways of escape of parasites from the host defence were described, with special emphasis on the immunomodulating properties of parasitic infections. Finally, the development and improvement of new immunodiagnostic methods, including the detection of circulating antigens were discussed. PMID- 6999657 TI - Concepts of haemostasis and thrombosis: A study of the coagulation defect in hemophilia and in jaundice (Quick, Stanley-Brown and Bancroft 1935). Armand J. Quick (1894-1978)--a short biography. PMID- 6999659 TI - [Seventy-five years' Central Veterinary Institute (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999660 TI - [75th anniversary of the Central Veterinary Institute. Introduction]. PMID- 6999661 TI - Marketing and the multihospital setting. PMID- 6999662 TI - Soman-induced convulsions: significance of changes in levels of blood electrolytes, gases, glucose, and insulin. PMID- 6999663 TI - In vitro activation of 1,2-dichloroethane by microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. PMID- 6999664 TI - Retinol (vitamin A) as an inhibitor of the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B. AB - Vitamin A (retinol) was shown to inhibit the mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), when added to the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. The inhibition was dose-dependent and not caused by a direct toxic effect on the test bacteria. On the other hand the mutagenicity of diepoxybutane, a mutagen not requiring metabolic activation, was not affected by retinol, indicating that the vitamin does not act as a general scavenger of reactive compounds. The mutagenicity of AFB1 depends on the balance between formation and breakdown of aflatoxin 2,3-epoxide, the presumed ultimate mutagenic/carcinogenic metabolite. Inhibition of AFB1 mutagenicity could thus result from decreased formation or increased breakdown of the 2,3-epoxide. PMID- 6999665 TI - [Charcteristics of the new filling material, carbodent (according to laboratory and clinical study data)]. PMID- 6999666 TI - [Postburn cicatricial deformations of the perioral region and their elimination with free submersed skin grafts]. PMID- 6999667 TI - [Gold electroplating of dental prostheses (the technology of gold deposition)]. PMID- 6999668 TI - [Design of permanent prostheses with 3-point support]. PMID- 6999669 TI - [Prospects of using magnetotherapy in stomatology]. PMID- 6999670 TI - Management of cerebral embolism of cardiac origin. AB - The cardiac conditions most commonly associated with cerebral embolism are rheumatic heart disease (RHD), atherosclerotic heart disease (myocardial infarction and atrial arrhythmias) and other kinds of nonvalvular atrial fibillation (AF). The natural history of cerebral embolism from these cardiac sources is reviewed. Virtually all rheumatic hearts producing emboli have mitral stenosis, but not all of them are in AF. Of patients with RHD, 10--20% will experience a systemic embolus, and approximately half will have a recurrence, usually early. Of patients with a myocardial infarction, 5--12% will have a clinically apparent systemic embolus, and one-third to one-half have a recurrence, usually early. As many as 10--20% of patients with nonrheumatic AF have a systemic embolus. Anticoagulation reduces systemic embolism to 10--20% of the natural incidence in RHD, and it reduces embolic recurrences to 10--20% of the natural recurrence rate. Anticoagulation diminishes the incidence of emboli in myocardial infarction to 25% of the natural incidence. It is not known what effect anticoagulation has on the incidence of embolism in nonrheumatic AF. The data regarding the effect of valvulotomy and prosthetic valve placement in RHD are briefly reviewed. Recommendations are made for the use and timing of anticoagulation based on the available data. PMID- 6999672 TI - The final diagnosis of President Cleveland's lesion. PMID- 6999671 TI - H2 clearance measurement of blood flow: a review of technique and polarographic principles. AB - H2 clearance is a powerful method for monitoring blood flow. Simple and inexpensive to implement, the method allows multiple in situ determinations of blood flow from any tissue in which a small electrode can be implanted. There is, however, evidence to suggest that H2 clearance is neither as accurate nor as local a measure of blood flow as generally supposed. Both in theory and practice, it probably cannot accurately determine blood flow rates greater than 100 ml/100 gm/min or localize blood flow to tissue volumes of less than 5 ml. Moreover, its experimental application is complicated by many technical problems hitherto largely ignored by workers in the field. Some of these problems arise from the limitations of the steady state polarographic technique used to measure tissue H2 concentrations. Other problems stem from the failure to consider possible sources of error in H2 clearance monitoring; these induce interference with the H2 signal by spurious electrode and tissue currents, and contributions from tissue ascorbate and O2. Nevertheless, with the appropriate safeguards and qualifications, H2 clearance is a valid and important approach to measuring blood PMID- 6999673 TI - The development of procedures in clinical neurology. PMID- 6999674 TI - Richard Pulteney (1730--1801): Linnean botanist and cardiologist. PMID- 6999675 TI - Annotated bibliography of paleopathology: 1970-1979 Part I, A-C. PMID- 6999676 TI - Memoir of Oscar V. Batson 1894-1979. PMID- 6999677 TI - Memoir of Lessing J. Rosenwald 1891-1979. PMID- 6999678 TI - Annotated bibliography of paleopathology: 1970--1979: Part II, D-J. PMID- 6999679 TI - Twentieth century psychiatry--living history in the life of Kenneth E. Appel, M.D. 1896--1979. PMID- 6999680 TI - Memoir of Kennel Ellmaker Appel 1896--1979. PMID- 6999681 TI - Memoir of Charles A. W. Uhle 1904--1978. PMID- 6999682 TI - John Hunter as expert witness. PMID- 6999683 TI - Medicine, science and sport. PMID- 6999684 TI - The last day of Psametik, physician to Pharaoh. A tale. PMID- 6999685 TI - Response to granulocyte transfusions in the alloimmunized patient. AB - The effect of alloimmunization to white blood cells upon patients receiving granulocyte transfusions was studied. Eighteen episodes of sepsis associated with neutropenia were treated with 149 granulocyte transfusions. All products were crossmatched using a recent patient serum. Each serum was tested for granulocyte specific antibody using the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test (GIIFT), and for HLA antibody, using the standard NIH lymphocytotoxicity assay. In 14 episodes of sepsis treated with 114 granulocyte transfusions, the transfusions were discontinued because there was evidence of control of infection, with and without bone marrow recovery. In this group, four per cent of all transfusions were incompatible by the GIIFT and six per cent by lymphocytotoxicity. During four episodes of sepsis treated with 35 granulocyte transfusions, blood cultures remained positive and the product was discontinued because of death. In this group, 31 per cent of all transfusions were incompatible by the GIIFT and 6 per cent by lymphocytotoxicity. The unfavorable outcome in patients with granulocyte antibodies suggests that these antibodies have an adverse effect upon the function of the transfused granulocyte. PMID- 6999687 TI - [Pulse flow cytofluorimeter for the UV region of the spectrum]. AB - A high-speed flow system for the automatic analysis of cells has been described. This device can register the fluorescence staining and ultra-violet fluorescence intensity of cells. The rate of measurement is more than 1000 cells per second. The resulting signals are processed and displayed as frequency distribution histograms, using a multichannel pulse height analyser. PMID- 6999686 TI - Bga and Bgb correlations with HLA antigens by capillary tube technique. AB - The manual capillary tube technique, in a series of 114 blood samples collected into CPD, demonstrated Bga on the red blood cells of 93 per cent of the HLA-B7 donors, and Bgb on the red blood of 80 per cent of the HLA-B17 donors. These results compare favorably with reported autoanalyzer studies. Successful results require normal red blood cell-plasma ratios in the samples and avoidance of heparin for collection. PMID- 6999688 TI - [Nonhistone chromatin proteins of normal and tumor cells]. PMID- 6999689 TI - [Antigenic translocation of carcinoembryonic antigen in large intestine epithelial cells]. AB - By an indirect Coons test, a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) localization was studied in cells of colon mucosa at various stages of human embryonic development, polyps, and in cases of non-tumoral changes. Laboratory investigations have shown that there are several variants of CEA localization in embryogeny, precancerous tissue, and in cells with inflammatory changes. A comparison of the obtained data and forms of antigenic translocation in malignant tissue leads to a conclusion that the antigenic translocation phenomenon is of biological nature, reflecting the degree of changes in the inner structure of cells under various conditions of existence. PMID- 6999691 TI - [Foreign body in esophagus with fatal outcome]. PMID- 6999690 TI - [Mechanisms of insulin action on antibody-forming cells in vitro]. AB - The influence of different doses of insulin on the quality of plaque forming cells (PFC) has been studied in the spleen cell suspension of immune mouse in vitro, the effect of insulin being dose depending. The quantity of PFC in vitro increased during the incubation with a large dose of insulin and decreased with a small dose. The influence of specific activators and inhibitors of cyclic nucleotides on the effect of insulin has been revealed. It is suggested that insulin may exert its influence on the appearance of PFC through changing the relationships of intracellular cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 6999692 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in diagnosing diseases of the kidneys, urinary tracts and male genitalia]. PMID- 6999693 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis: Ormond's disease]. PMID- 6999694 TI - [New books on urology and nephrology]. PMID- 6999695 TI - Ultrasonic scattering theory II: Scattering from composites. PMID- 6999696 TI - Interaction of antibodies to sheep urothelial plaque regions with the lumenal plasma membranes of other mammals. AB - The lumenal plasma membrane of most mammalian urothelia possesses discrete polygonal plaque regions which are characterized by particles projecting through the lumenal leaflet and bridging the membrane interior. Fractions enriched in plaque regions were prepared from sheep urinary bladders and were used as antigen. A 50% saturated ammonium sulphate fraction of immunized rabbit serum showed at least two antibodies to plaque region components in Ouchterlony diffusion test. Intact sheep urothelium was treated with the antibody preparation and labelling was visualized by treatment with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti rabbit antibody followed by peroxidase reaction. Control tissue treated with non immune globulin showed no reaction product. The plaque-specific antibody preparation was also shown to stain the lumenal leaflet of isolated sheep membranes. Further, cross reactivity of sheep plaque antibody was demonstrated with rat and rabbit membranes. The possibility that antibodies to specific components in sheep urothelial membranes may be used diagnostically to detect changes in urothelial plasma membranes of other species is discussed. PMID- 6999697 TI - E. coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells of mice. AB - Adherence of E. coli to bladder cells was studied by mixing E. coli with cells scraped from the surface of the normal mouse bladder. E. coli adherence to bladder epithelium did not correlate with renal infection, the ability of E. coli to resist phagocytosis, the growth of the strains, the presence of K-antigen or dulcitol fermentation. There was also no correlation with proportion of deaths, motility, or rough mutation. Pili were observed in three of the 22 strains of E. coli and their presence was not associated with increased virulence. In this model of renal infection neither adherence of E. coli to bladder epithelial cells nor the presence of pili were significant virulence factors. PMID- 6999698 TI - Urinary tract reconstruction in renal transplantation. Mayo Clinic experience and review of literature. AB - Althrough rejection remains the most frequent cause of renal allograft failure, technical problems have contributed and continue to contribute to graft loss. Urologic complications may be caused by technical errors in the donor nephrectomy or in urinary tract reconstruction. During the past decade, however, with advances in medical and surgical management, the reported incidence of urologic complications in renal transplantation has declined steadily. This may be due to (1) more extensive donor and recipient preparation and evaluation for surgery, (2) improvement of surgical technique with increasing experience in donor and recipient, and (3) more refined diagnosis and treatment of urologic and infectious complications. PMID- 6999699 TI - Office practice survey of urease positive bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. AB - Office patients with a positive urinary tract infection (UTI) were screened for the presence of a urease positive microorganism by a rapid biotyping. Approximately 12 per cent of the UTI episodes were caused by a urease positive organism. Over 95 per cent of Proteus and Klebisella isolates were urease positive, and a lesser percentage of Pseudomonas. No Escherichia coli were urease positive. Determination of urease production can be assessed by the standard API (Analytab Products Inc.) biotyping technique for gram negative organisms. A specific digit in the biotype code indicates urease activity. PMID- 6999700 TI - Purse-string closure of ileal loop in stapler surgery. PMID- 6999701 TI - Smooth muscle physiology and effect of bladder and urethra muscle length/tension on response to stimulation. Part I. Review. AB - With particular reference to the lower urinary tract, a review of basic anatomy and physiology of smooth muscle is presented. The relationship as altered by electrica and pharmacologic stimulation is discussed. PMID- 6999702 TI - [Experience with the use of silicone contact lenses in glaucoma surgery]. PMID- 6999703 TI - [Interlamellar refraction keratoplasty in aphakia, hypermetropia and myopia]. PMID- 6999705 TI - [Postgraduate training of ophthalmologists (on the 50th anniversary of the Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training)]. PMID- 6999704 TI - [Relationship of astigmatism to the incision and the technic of sealing the wound in cataract extract operations]. PMID- 6999709 TI - [Value of antibiotics in treated acute cholecystitis in elderly patients]. AB - The treatment of 673 patients with acute cholecystitis aged 70 and more was analyzed. Half of the patients were treated with antibiotics. Under study were 110 antibioticograms of bile of the operated patients. In 71% Escherichia coli was found sensible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, monomycin and kanamycin. The results of the investigation show that use of antibiotics of the tetracycline order for the treatment of acute cholecystitic results in decreased mortality of patients aged 70 and older. PMID- 6999706 TI - [Problems of intrahospital infection in resuscitation and intensive care units]. PMID- 6999708 TI - [The blood clotting system and the value of the clotted blood morphologic dissociation test in recognizing jaundice of different origins]. PMID- 6999707 TI - [Endovascular dilatation of blood vessels]. PMID- 6999710 TI - [Problems of the pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of the prolonged crush syndrome (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 6999711 TI - [Nonsurgical endoscopic methods of treatment for residual stones in the bile ducts (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 6999712 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 6999714 TI - [Use of thermography in the surgical clinic]. PMID- 6999713 TI - [Ionometric method of assessing the viability of a preserved kidney]. AB - It has been shown that the process of normalization of the ionic content of kidneys preserved during 6--72 hours with solutions of the "intracellular" type, is most intensive within the first 15 minutes after transplantation. At that time characteristic changes in the content of electrolyte were found in the blood outflowing from the kidney depending on the time of preservation. It enabled the authors to propose a simple and reliable ionometric method for the assessment of the kidney viability. PMID- 6999715 TI - [Multiple and combined injury (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature for 1972-1978)]. PMID- 6999716 TI - [Treatment of acute esophagogastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6999717 TI - [Surgical treatment of bone paronychia with the application of a deep suture and vacuum drainage of the wound]. PMID- 6999718 TI - [Indications for a nerve suture in certain forms of injury to the median and ulnar nerves]. AB - The investigation of 20 patients with an injury of the median and ulnar nerve on the forearm has shown that absence of anesthesia is possible in the autonomic area after a complete interruption of one of these nerves. Indications for suturing the median and ulnar nerves after partial disturbance of their conductivity on the forearm can be established but on the basis of a clinical examination, intraoperative data with the investigation of electrodiagnosis before and during the operation. PMID- 6999720 TI - Studies on natural and experimental endometritis in ewes. AB - Of 100 uteri of ewes collected from a slaughterhouse, 44 had endometritis. These cases were classified as acute endometritis (18%), acute lymphocytic endometritis (59%), chronic non-suppurative endometritis (16%) and suppurative endometritis (6.8%). Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 26 uteri. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. These organisms then were inoculated into the uteri of normal ewes. None of the inoculated bacteria consistently produced any particular type of endometrial lesion. PMID- 6999719 TI - [Congenital isolated tracheoesophageal fistula in children (a review of the literature and the authors' own observations)]. PMID- 6999721 TI - [25th anniversary of the Department of Roentgenology and Radiology of the N. A. Semashko Moscow Medical Stomatology Institute]. PMID- 6999722 TI - [Left ventricular function in chronic pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6999723 TI - [Pathophysiology and clinical significance of gastrointestinal hormones]. PMID- 6999724 TI - [Phospholipid transport between subcellular membranes (a review)]. AB - A review is presented on the transport of phospholipids between subcellular membranes and participation of specific intracellular lipoproteins in this process. Formation of the protein-lipid complex is specific in relation to both protein and phospholipid. The rate of turnover of various phospholipids is dissimilar in membranes; the most intensive transport of phospholipids occurs across the outer surface of the membranes. The most important properties of the phospholipid transferases are discussed and their specificity in the transport of various phospholipids is considered. Role of these proteins in differentiation of phospholipids in membranes of tiumoral cells, significance for simulation of the phospholipid composition of biomembranes in their reconstruction are also discussed. PMID- 6999726 TI - [Liver pathology in bacterial infection (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6999725 TI - [Protective role of phospholipids in the enzymatic degradation of mitochondrial membrane proteins]. AB - Composition of phospholipid preparations, isolated from rat liver mitochondria, was studied within various periods of incubation of the organelles obtained including 2 days interval. Distinct decrease in relative content of sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was observed in the preparations during the incubation. At the same time, fractions of lysophospholipids and cardiolipin were markedly increased. Studies were carried out on the effect of the phospholipid fractions on hydrolysis of the protein component of mitochondrial membranes by lysosomal hydrolases and pronase. The phospholipids possessed protective functions in the system with the proteinases and mitochondrial membranes. The data obtained suggest that impairment of the phospholipid component appears to precede the proteolysis of proteins in mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 6999728 TI - [Pathogenesis of an increased level of carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood in various diseases]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was detected in an indirect Coons test in cells of different organs i. e. stomach, esophagus, small intestine, bronchi, trachea, mucosal bronchial glands. By double diffusion in gel CEA has also been found in gastric, bronchial and vaginal mucus. The author considers CEA to be a component of mucus-producing cells. The increased CEA concentration in the blood of tumor patients is due to its secretion by tumor cells and its reverse absorption as well as excretion and destruction. The increased CEA level in the blood of patients with non-tumor pathology is related with increased excretion and destruction of CEA-producing cells. PMID- 6999727 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in generalized forms of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6999729 TI - [Views of Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna) on tumorous diseases]. PMID- 6999730 TI - [Heart lesions in infection caused by coxsackieviruses]. PMID- 6999731 TI - [Achievements in Soviet dietetics over the last 50 years]. PMID- 6999733 TI - [Lysosomes and cellular nutrition]. PMID- 6999732 TI - [50-years of the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR: its creation, establishment and development]. PMID- 6999735 TI - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) and his scientific and medical legacy]. PMID- 6999736 TI - [Sergei Petrovich Tomashevskii]. PMID- 6999734 TI - [Basic results of the development of nutritional hygiene]. PMID- 6999737 TI - [Primary hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus in adults (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 6999738 TI - [Phosphorylation of viral proteins]. PMID- 6999739 TI - [Program to eliminate smallpox throughout the world (history of its development and the role of the Soviet Union)]. PMID- 6999740 TI - [Growth of Japanese quail embryo cell cultures on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 microcarrier]. AB - The growth of Japanese quail embryo cells on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 microcarrier was studied, and the growth of the cells on different microcarriers was compared. Under the optimal conditions of microcarrier proceedings quail fibroblast cultures could be grown successfully on a microcarrier reaching a cell density per unit surface comparable to that in monolayer cell cultures. Among the microcarriers tested: cytodex, biosylon and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 treated by the author's method, the latter created the best conditions for attachment and growth of cells. PMID- 6999741 TI - [Detection of antibodies to the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in convalescents using an immunoenzymatic reaction]. PMID- 6999742 TI - [Methodological bases of the radial hemolysis reaction with arboviruses]. PMID- 6999743 TI - [Transfer factor (its use in immunotherapy of neoplasms and other diseases)]. PMID- 6999744 TI - [Reminiscences of activities of the Warsaw Medical Society]. PMID- 6999745 TI - [Herman Fudakowski - the first head of the Chair of Clinical Chemistry in Warsaw]. PMID- 6999746 TI - [Uremic pericarditis]. PMID- 6999747 TI - [Test of independence in contingency tables in parasitology]. PMID- 6999748 TI - [Urolithiasis - a review of pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The present state of knowledge of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis and the assignment to subgroups according to varying aetiology is outlined. In addition, a diagnostic programme is insight proposed which has proved of value in ambulatory patients attending specialist departments. It permits into the underlying disturbances and may be considered a prerequisite for effective treatment. It is suggested that this general scheme of clinical investigation is a reasonable basis to the medical care of patients with urinary calculi. PMID- 6999750 TI - [Diagnosis and monitoring of interstitial lung diseases with special regard to the analysis of cardiopulmonary function]. PMID- 6999749 TI - [Diagnostic relevance of contact thermography in renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - 102 renal transplant recipients were checked by contact thermography according to Tricoire for 2 1/2 years. Diagnostic value of this non invasive, quickly available and reproduceable method was investigated. The grafted kidney reveals on the thermographic screen its size, site, and vascularisation. The thermograhic pattern of a well functioning transplant shows warm areas in green, blue and violet colour. Onset of acute or chronic renal rejection leads to impaired heat conduction to the body surface either by oedema or by diminished blood flow. By photographic documentation in natural colour spotted or diffuse cold regions of brown, maroon and orange are seen. In the very early posttransplant period up to two months thermography is helpful in differential diagnosis for those recipients requiring initial haemodialysis treatment. Information is available between non functioning grafts with diminished renal blood supply and transplants with acute tubular necrosis. Impressive thermograms are found by rupture and subrupture of the kidney respectively. Superficial perirenal changes lead to topical temperature elevation as well. The high reliability of 92% correct diagnoses depends on exact application of the thermosensitive film and on determination of the basic individual skin temperature in reference to repeated examinations of the grafted area. Temperature measurement is influenced by subcutaneous abdominal fat distribution and muscle thickness as well as by deep position of the transplant or asymmetry of the lower abdominal region. In the wide field of diagnostic procedures necessary for transplant recipients with complications thermography by Tricoire is recommended. PMID- 6999751 TI - [Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and therapeutic effect of trimethoprim-sulfametrol infusions (author's transl)]. AB - Lidaprim was administered as infusion to 6 healthy volunteers for 10 days in an interval of 12 hours for calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Furthermore 31 patients with various severe infectious diseases were treated for 5-27 days with 2 or 3 infusions daily. Local tolerance was excellent. Side effects were observed only in 1 patient, who developed a rash. The cumulation equilibrium is reached for trimethoprim and also for total and free sulfonamide on the 3rd day. The clinical results were excellent: 22 of the 31 patients with severe infectious diseases could be cured. PMID- 6999752 TI - [Steroid transformation using immobilized microorganisms. II. Degradation of the sidechain of cholesterol by immobilized cells of Nocardia erythropolis]. AB - The degradation of cholesterol side chain was studied by immobilized cells of Nocardia erythropolis in the presence of an inhibitor of the microbial steroid skeleton-degradation. Different immobilized preparations such as DEAE-cellulose adsorbates, ionic cross-linked polymer gels, i.e., Al/Coalginates and polyacrylates, respectively, and polyethylene maleic acid anhydride supports have shown a high transformation activity yielding the C22- and C19-degradation products. No side chain degradation activity could be observed after immobilization of the cells in polyacrylamide gel under usual conditions caused by the toxic effect of the acrylamide monomer on the Nocardia cells. PMID- 6999754 TI - Effect of five pesticides on the mycelial growth of some soil and pathogenic fungi. AB - The effect of three doses (the lowest is the recommended dose in the field) of 5 pesticides namely: Ceresan, Orthocid (fungicides), VCS-438 (herbicide), and Dursban and Dipterex (insecticides) on the mycelial dry weight of Aspergillus fumigatus. Fusarium moniforme, Pencillium italicum, and Sclerotium ceprivorum was tested 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after treatment. All the pesticides induced inhibition of mycelial growth of the test fungi. Only VCS-438 at the low dose was stimulatory to F. moniliforme after 4 and 6 days and to P. italicum after 4 days. The rate of inhibition was influenced by the type of fungus, the age of the mycelium, and the dose of the pesticide. At the end of the experiment the two fungicides were detoxified by the test fungi with a rate higher than that of the other pesticides. PMID- 6999753 TI - Riboflavin accumulation by cells of the yeast Pichia (Candida) guilliermondii. PMID- 6999755 TI - Two types of UV-induced phage mutations independent of SOS-repair. PMID- 6999756 TI - [A simple method for the demonstration of microbial lipase]. PMID- 6999758 TI - Xylitol. Experimental and clinical investigations conducted in the USSR (review). PMID- 6999757 TI - Effects of the antimicrotubular cancerostatic drug nocodazole on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Nocodazole completely inhibited cell division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contrary to methyl-benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate, estimated by cell counting. Growth as measured by turbidity and dry weight estimations, however, was not influenced. Treatment for two hours with nocodazole interrupts the budding cycle of the yeast within a period when bud and mother cells have reached equal sizes. Dependent on duration of nocodazole treatment stretched or dumb-bell shaped nuclei are localized between bud and mother cell or two daughter nuclei are present. It has been shown by electron microscopy that nocodazole neither destroyed karyo- nor ground-plasmic microtubules. The spindle pole bodies (spb), however, reached double the normal size approximately. PMID- 6999761 TI - [Massive intestinal bleeding caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - A disease in a male 47 year old caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is discussed. His fever was not responding to chloramphenicol, cephalosporine and gentamycin. During the disease a perilous gastrointestinal haemorrhage appeared. Symptoms according to an acute septic enterocolitis were observed. PMID- 6999759 TI - [Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease]. AB - Specific extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease are rare except the involvement of the anal region. Only few case reports have been published concerning Crohn's disease of the lips, the mouth, the hypopharynx, the skin, urogenital tract, bone and joints. However, Crohn's disease of the anal region is of great significance. About 30 % of the patients develope fistulae, fissures, abscesses and perianal edema. The anal disease is often a first important and often missed sign of intestinal M. Crohn. Biopsy and histological investigations of the diseased tissue reveals typical histological changes in up to 60-70 % of the patients with anal disease. PMID- 6999762 TI - In memoriam Stanislaw Jaroslaw Grzycki. PMID- 6999760 TI - [Polyps of the sigmoid and rectum following ureterosigmoidostomy]. AB - Implantation of the ureters in the sigma is practicable as far as cystectomy or congential malformations are concerned. The problem of the development of sigma rectum polyps following ureterosigmoidostomy (uss) is being discussed within the description of three own case reports. The polyp of our first case is classified as an adenomatous polyp with marked retention of mucus. The polyp of our second case is regarded as a polypoid hamartia caused by the operation. The polypoid lesion of our third case must be regarded as a heterotopia of the urinary tract in connection with the known malformation of the urogenital tract of this patient. Patients who had undergone uss have an increased risk for the development of rectal carcinoma. But on the other hand the polypoid lesions following use must not necessarily be predecessors of carcinomas! In rather seems that the polyps following uss are very heterogenous. Only the first case being described in the present report may be regarded as a potential predecessor of a carcinoma. A tabulated review of the literature of the described polyps after uss is given. Etiological aspects are being discussed. PMID- 6999764 TI - Edgar Allan Poe: Richmond's bright star. PMID- 6999763 TI - [Chondropathia patellae]. AB - Chondropathia patellae on a constitutional basis, in the narrow sense of the term, is predominantly responsible for producing the painful or irritated knee in juveniles and adolescents, with an incidence peak around the 20th year of life. The traumatic form associated with signs will often produce the same disorders of the patellar gliding path and of the gliding areas, such as the hyperpression and lateralisation syndrome, as well as habitual luxation. Clinically, degenerative articular damage may temporarily exacerbate into a kind of synovitis "chondsrodetritica", especially on overstraining and after microtraumas. On reviewing the case history, the retropatellar pain after prolonged seating and on walking downhill, is particularly characteristic; this pain can also radiate in medial direction. It is also often reported that the knee tends to "give way" suddenly, and to "interlock" or "become entangled". The leading clinical symptom is, besides a feeling of roughness, the "characteristic" pain caused by the gliding pressure of the patella. Conservative treatment, consisting of physiotherapy, isometric exercises of the quadriceps femoris muscle preceded or if permissible followed by heat and massage treatment, and therapy directed at protecting the cartilage - while avoiding cortisone preparations - should be discontinued if the success of treatment does not last significantly longer than the application. Satisfactory results can be obtained with the three basic operations such as proximolateral relief operation (longitudinal splitting of the retinacula), distal relief surgery (lifting of the tuberositas) and smoothening or more vertical excision of the focus of cartilaginification, in conjunction with further surgical interventions. PMID- 6999765 TI - Alternatives to gold alloys in dentistry. PMID- 6999766 TI - [Antigenic (angiotropic) characteristics of Streptococcus in allergic vasculitis of the skin]. PMID- 6999767 TI - [Immunofluorescence reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of syphilis and the importance of the quantitative method for the immunofluorescence reaction in syphilis]. PMID- 6999768 TI - Bacteriological quality of Nile water before and after impoundment (1963--1973): a review. AB - The normal old picture of the river Nile during 1963 -- 1965 revealed that the rise and fall in bacterial counts followed the seasonal changes. Thus, the highest bacterial counts (10(7) -- 10(9)) 100 ml) were recorded during flood season. Otherwise, a phase of decline (10(5) -- 10(7)/100 ml) prevailed during the whole year. After complete storage, i.e., during (1970 -- 1973, the complete abolishment of seasonal fluctuation was recorded. Secondly, a drop in bacterial counts (10(5) -- 10(7) 100 ml) marked the impoundment water. Thirdly, a rise in coliform and faecal Streptococcus density was recorded in the river water. Moreover, a higher incidence of coliforms and faecal streptococci, untyped forms, marked the river water after full lake storage. PMID- 6999769 TI - Selective media and faecal streptococci recovery: a review. PMID- 6999770 TI - Faecal Streptococcus recovery and efficiency of selective media via surface plating technique. AB - The recovery rate of faecal streptococci from various vehicles was studied via different selective media and surface plating technique. With the exception of thallous acetate medium, the adopted media and method were only successful for examining the highly polluted materials. Medium bearing thallous acetate at concentrations up to 1 : 500 was selected as the better means for obtaining high yield and fair selectivity. Otherwise, the tellurite medium (1 : 4,000) was found to give low yield and fair selectivity, while medium bearing sodium azide (1 : 2,000) appeared to give low yield and high selectivity. Media bearing twin combinations second low yield and high selectivity, other than media bearing one concentrating agent. However, thallous-azide combination secured better conditions for faecal streptococci recovery than the tellurite-azide combination. Addition of selective agents to the examined liquid samples for 1 hr, singly or in combination before faecal streptococci recovery, exerted no marked effect on the cut down of contaminants. PMID- 6999771 TI - The dynamics of amino acid variations during pathogenesis and host resistance. PMID- 6999772 TI - [Possibilities of using nitrogen-containing waste products for cultivation of Candida utilis. I. Communication: the use of piacryl-waste sulphuric acid]. AB - Piacryl-waste sulphuric acid and ammonia-urea wastewaters, nitrogen-containing products of chemical industry, have been used for cultivation of Candida utilis. In our investigations, piacryl-waste sulphuric acid proved to be of special interest. The possibilities of using waste sulphuric acid during the cultivation of fodder yeast as well as in clarified and unclarified sugar beet molasses are discussed regarding the cell yields and the crude- and true protein content at various dilution rates in chemostat culture. PMID- 6999773 TI - [Physiological studies on thermophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing hyphae fungi (author's transl)]. AB - Out of different substrates, thermophilic n-alkane-assimilating hyphae fungi were isolated and the strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor lusitanicus selected for physiological investigations. The growth curves, obtained in hydrocarbon and glucose at different temperatures, showed three phases: 1) initial growth phase, 2) linear growth phase, and 3) lysis phase. Maximum dry matter and maximum protein content occurred within a range of 35-40 degrees C. During the entire time of growth the DNA content per mg dry matter was almost the same, i.e., 0.1 0.2 per cent. The ascertained specific protease activity of Aspergillus fumigatus correlated with protein synthesis and protein decomposition of the biomass. The results of our investigations are being discussed. PMID- 6999774 TI - A strain marker in Rhizobium trifolii based on the absorption of congo-red. AB - It is widely recognized that most rhizobia absorb congo-red weakly when grown on agar media containing this dye. In contrast to this generalized behaviour, an ineffective strain of Rhizobium trifolii (Coryn) has been found which strongly absorbs the dye, producing growth of a very deep-red colour on yeast-extract mannitol agar, supplemented with congo-red (0.025 g/l). Assays for dye absorption characteristics on this medium with 21 strains of R. trifolii showed that Coryn could be readily differentiated from all the other strains examined. Supplementary fluorescent antibody tests with Coryn confirmed the reliability of differential absorption of congo-red as a strain-marker system. Data are presented which demonstrate the potential of this characteristic as a strain identification method in nodulation and competition studies under aseptic growth conditions, using mixed inocula. PMID- 6999775 TI - A simple device of an improvised fermentor for production of rhizobial culture. AB - A simple new batch fermentor, suitable for both laboratory and industrial small scale cultivation of micro-organisms, particularly rhizobia, was designed and constructed. It was found to operate as a conventional stirring tank reactor. The device reliably ensures the sterility of cultivation, irrespective of its duration. Its installation costs are relatively low, it does not show a high consumption of energy for stirring, the operation is very simple and does not require maintenance of complicated equipment. On this basis, a procedure of design for this fermentor is outlined over the more complex scale up problems of a tank fermentor. PMID- 6999776 TI - [The behaviour of the microflora of wheat related to the cleaning- and the flour mill-flow diagram. IV. Communication: Investigations regarding the behaviour of the microflora during the cleaning and milling of grain (author's transl)]. AB - For the production of certain foodstuffs and preparations of foodstuffs the use of mill products with low microbial germ content is necessary. The demands for microorganisms, in relation to species and number which can be tolerated, depend on the kind of the foodstuff, produced from the milled product. Investigations were done to get milled products with low microbial content; the effect of cleaning and "fractionated" milling of the grain was studied. Flours with a low ash content (flour-type 405 until 550) show generally a low microbial content. More milling-technical problems arise for the production of flours with a high content and a low microbial germ content. The main factors are selection of raw materials, separation of kernels with large-size grains (about 20 till 30%) and an additional surface treatment of the kernels. Whole meal products which are consumed by the customer without preliminary heating, should be also produced from kernels with large size after an intensive surface treatment of the kernels. Food bran should be only produced from grain after a surface treatment. A considerable part of the microflora in the outside layer of the kernels is separated by this particular cleaning method. In the bran from middlings the microflora of the grain concentrates very much. Within the break-passages of the milling diagram a separation should be done in coarse and fine hulls. To improve the demonstrated effects it is necessary to eliminate all the contamination sources during cleaning. The risk of a contamination of milled products with fungi during the milling process is obviously very different. To eliminate this contamination source a detailed analysis is necessary. PMID- 6999777 TI - Apical growth in facultative Anaerobic actinomycetes as determined by immunofluorescent labeling. AB - Apical growth, following synthesis of newly formed cell wall material at the poles of rods of Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, Arachnia propionica and Bacterionema matruchotii, has been demonstrated by means of immunofluorescent labeling, confirming previous observations by scanning electron microscopy. Some implications of the phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6999778 TI - Infectivity of penicillin-induced Chlamydia psittaci forms for cell cultures from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. AB - L-cells were infected at high multiplicity with meningopneumonitis organsims (MP) and incubated in medium with penicillin (200 units/ml) and without the drug. At intervals up to 36 hours cells were removed and L-cell associated chlamydial infectivity was determined for cell cultures from the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos which were treated before inoculation with Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Dextran. In control L-cells, the infectivity decreased at 8 hours and reached it lowest level 16 hours after infection. In penicillin treated L-cells in contrast, infectivity remained at low levels from 2 and up to 36 hours after infection. At 16 hours after infection about 90% of both penicillin-treated and nontreated L-cells contained single or multiple Giemsa stained intracytoplasmic inclusions which in both series contained almost exclusively reticulate bodies (RB) by electron microscopy. RB from 16 hour infected penicillin-treated and non-treated L-cells were partially freed from cell debris and their infectivity (ID50) for CAM-culture cells (TC) was assayed 3 times. Penicillin-induced RB had TCID50 of 10(4.0)/ml compared to control RB of 10(4.5)/ml. The TCID50 of the original MP strain for CAM-culture cells was 10(8.0)/ml. Penicillin-induced RB and control RB from 16 hour L-cell samples were frozen and thawed 3 times and titrated in CAM cells; the TCID50 of both series dropped to 10(1.0)/ml while the TCID50 of the original MP inoculum after freezing and thawing 3 times was 10(7.0)/ml. PMID- 6999779 TI - Release of coagulase from staphylococci. AB - Immediately after inoculation with coagulase-positive staphylococci the coagulase activity increased significantly in various culture media. The increase was much higher than the calculated coagulase-activity added with the inoculum (table 1). It appears that this release offers a possibility for the efficient production of coagulase prior to purification. PMID- 6999780 TI - Enhancement of human serum bactericidal activity by specific IgM antibodies of normal and anti-O immune rabbit sera against pseudo-serum-resistant strains of Serratia marcescens. PMID- 6999781 TI - [Comparison of API-10s and Minitek with conventional biochemical tests (author's transl)]. AB - 2 biochemical test-kits, API-10S and MINITEK, and conventional biochemical tests were used in parallel for testing 292 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The same 10 biochemical tests were performed in all three systems. In addition the Voges-Proskauer reaction was tested in the conventional and the Minitek system. The individual biochemical testreactions and diagnoses were compared. An overall average of tests indicated an agreement of 92.6% (Tab. 2). Urease activity and citrate-utilisation showed the lowest agreement (70.5 and 74.3% respectively). 93.4% of the diagnose obtained with API- and 96.2% of those with MINITEK were identical to the diagnosis obtained by the conventional method. The Voges-Proskauer reaction was found to be more reliable for correct identification than the citrate-utilisation which - inspite of its very low agreement (Tab. 3) - has not influenced the diagnoses. PMID- 6999783 TI - Colicin typing of Shigella sonnei by means of specific indicator strains. An enlarged scheme. AB - The scheme of colicin typing of Shigella sonnei includes 26 colicin types. Thirty three indicator strains were used for typing and 22 of them were prepared by conjugational transfer of col factors from shigellae on recipient strain of E. coli K 13 HfrR nalr or E. coli K 12 ROW. Immune strains of Sh. sonnei or resistant mutants of E. coli K 12 ROW were used as indicator strains only sporadically. PMID- 6999782 TI - Response of developing branched bacteria to adverse environments. I. Membrane transfer techniques for assessment and SEM visualization of drug activity against Nocardia asteroides. AB - Membrane-transfer technique (MTT) is proposed as a method for assessing antimicrobial activity against branched bacteria at different phases of development. After preliminary cultivation up to the desired stage, colonies developing on membranes are transferred onto media containing various concentrations of drugs to be tested. Different exposure times and drug combinations are possible. Following exposure to the toxicant, membranes can be examined macroscopically, by light or electron microscopy and/or transferred to drug-free media to evaluate viability and possible recovery. Some results on the effects of benzylpenicillin, fusidic acid, gentamicin and sulfadiazine on the morphology of Nocardia asteroides, as detected by scanning electron microscopy, are presented. The progression of alterations, due to increasing exposures to various concentrations of gentamicin, has also been followed. Minimal inhibitory concentration values for the same antibiotic vary according to the growth phase; in particular in the early developmental stages they appear directly related. Advantages of MTT over classical "antigermination" tests in assessing susceptibility to different toxicants and its possible application to the study of environmental effects on morphogenesis of branched bacteria are discussed. PMID- 6999784 TI - [Mycoplasmas isolated from the genital tract of mares (author's transl)]. AB - Mycoplasmas were isolated from 11 (=#6,8%) of 161 cervix swabs from infertile mares. A total of 17 strains was isolated and characterized by indirect immunofluorescent test and metabolic inhibition test as Mycoplasma equigenitalium (11 strains), Mycoplasma subdolum (2 strains), Acholeplasma laidlawii (3 strains) and Acholeplasma equifetale (1 strain). In addition cervix swabs of the mares were investigated for bacteria. There was no specific correlation between presence of mycoplasmas and bacteria (table 1). In clinical investigations 5 of the 11 mares which harboured mycoplasmas showed a pneumovagina (table 1). The isolated mycoplasmas were tested for senstivity to antibiotics (table 2). All of the isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol (10 microgram), Tetracyclin (10 microgram), Tylosin (30 microgram) and Gentamycin (10 microgram) and resistant to Penicillin (6 IU) and Polmyxin B (300 IU). Against Erythromycin (15 microgram) all of the Acholeplasma-isolates were sensitive and all of the Mycoplasma isolates resistant. Against Streptomycin (10 microgram) the two M. subdolum strains showed resistance, whereas M. equigenitalium and the Acholeplasma isolates were sensitive. It is not yet possible to elucidate the significance of acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas in the genital organs of mares. PMID- 6999785 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of bacteria. AB - As the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid has become a highly significant parameter in the taxonomy of bacteria, a reference list for the known deoxyribonucleic acid base composition (G + C) values of bacteria is given which compiles the data published between 1972 and 1978. PMID- 6999786 TI - Mechanized technique for phage typing and determination of antibiograms. AB - A device for mechanical application of either drops of phage suspensions or antibiotic-containing tablets was developed. The device consists of a Transport Apparatus which transports petri dishes from one side of the apparatus to the other in such a way that the plate and the lid of a petri dish become entirely separated at a particular stage. Either a Phage Applicating System or an Antibiotic Tablet Dispenser can be connected to the apparatus. In this way a maximum of 27 phages of 7 antibiotic tablets per plate can be applied pneumatically. PMID- 6999787 TI - [Examinations about the segregation of R-plasmids in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae during nutrient broth passages (author's transl)]. AB - Plasmid RP1 (= CarbrNeorKanarTetrarAmpr) or Plasmid R100 (= TetrarStreptrSulfr) were transferred on 5 different strains of E. coli and on 3 strains of Kl. pneumoniae. Plasmid RK1 (= CarbrTetrStreptrAmpr) was transferred on 3 strains of Kl. pneumoniae also. The resulting strains were cultured in 7 passages of Standard-I-Nutrient-Broth (Merck) and Mueller-Hinton-Broth (Becton-Dickinson); 48 colonies were examined for resistance to antibiotics of the different R-Plasmids. In E. coli and in Kl. pneumoniae with R-Plasmids RP1 and RK1 no more than 2 colonies without one of several antibiotic resistances after 7 nutrient broth passages were seen. Striking loss of R-Plasmids was seen in Kl. pneumoniae with R Plasmid R100 after the third passage. The behaviour of strains in Standard-I Nutrient-Broth and Mueller-Hinton-Broth was not different. In conclusion for sensitivity test colonies should be taken only from primary cultures. Furthermore it is recommended to pick up several colonies from one isolated strain for sensitivity test. PMID- 6999788 TI - Antibacterial action of quinolones on Escherichia coli. I. Structure/activity relationship. AB - Quinolones, a large group of substituted heterocyclic compounds synthesized by ICI (U.K.), showed antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro studies. In the present work an attempt was made to evaluate their antibacterial activity in relation to their chemical structure. Active compounds possess carboxylic and nitroside groups. Regarding the pattern of growth inhibition quinolone with carboxylic side group showed a different behaviour than quinolone possessing nitro side group. PMID- 6999789 TI - [Studies of lipase and antilipase on different strains of the genera Serratia, Aeromonas and Vibrio (author's transl)]. AB - Lipase and antilipase were studied in the following genera: Serratia, Aeromonas and Vibrio. Numerous comparative investigations showed that the Jipase of Serratia marcescens is not of a uniform antigenic structure as not all antilipase sera of Serratia marcescens have the ability to neutralize the lipase of all studied strains of this species. Cross-reactions were seen between the genera Serratia and Aeromonas. A special reaction of the antilipase sera of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas punctata could be demonstrated on the lipase of one strain of Serratia marcescens. Those Aeromonas sera could neutralize the lipase of one strain of Serratia marcescens. PMID- 6999790 TI - Serological examinations with TPHA antigen prepared from T. pallidum Budapest strain. AB - The TPHA test is performed with sheep erythrocytes treated with formalin and tannin solution and conjugated with fragments of pathogenic Treponema pallidum. Absorption media was prepared by adding normal rabbit serum, powdered rabbit testicle, sheep and cow stroma and sonicated Reiter treponeme. The reagents prepared in our laboratory proved to be specific and sensitive enough for routine use. It can be confirmed that the TPHA reaction is a good confirmatory test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis. Further studies are necessary to explain the divergent results between TPHA and TPIT. We plan to carry out detailed investigation. Analysis of patients data in a large population after the problem of storage of our reagents over extended periods has been resolved. PMID- 6999791 TI - [T-proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. I. Communication: Preparation of a serological type specific T1-antigen by ion exchange chromatography and its characterization (author's transl)]. AB - The T-protein of Streptococcus pyogenes type 1 was trypsin-extracted and subsequently purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM and DEAE cellulose. Fractionation on CM cellulose by stepwise increase of the pH did not result in separation of type specific material from cross reacting components. The bulk of serologically active material was eluted at pH 5.6. On DEAE cellulose a type specific fraction was eluted with 0.05 m phosphate buffer, pH 8.2. A second fraction eluted with 0.25 m NaCl in the same buffer contained type specific as well as cross reacting material. Molecular weight distributions of type-specific T-protein were studied by gel chromatography on Ultrogel ACA44 and Biogel A 1.5 m. A multiple size subunit structure of T-protein was found and supported by SDS electrophoresis. Molecular weights of fragments serologically active in double diffusion were detected in a range of 37 000 to more than 200 000 Dalton. The isoelectric point was determined as to be pH 4.5. The purified T-protein was found to be free of cystein and of the amino sugars N-acetyl-glucosamine and N acetyl-muramic acid. PMID- 6999792 TI - [Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture (author's transl)]. AB - The method for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis in tissue culture described by Hobson was slightly modified and tested as to its usefullness for routine-diagnostic. Cervical swabs of 74 prostitutes and 100 unselected gynecological outpatients were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis. The isolation of Chlamydia was carried out by McCoy cell culture; the inclusions were identified by Giemsa and Lugol's train procedure. The isolation rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 17% in the group of the prostitutes, whereas in the group of unselected women no Chlamydia were detected. The correspondence of our findings with previous results indicates the applicability of the method used. PMID- 6999793 TI - [Improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of fosfomycin by addition of glucose-6 phosphate in the treatment of intraperitoneally infected mice (author's transl)]. AB - The increase of antimicrobial activity of Fosfomycin by glucose-6-phosphate (G-6 P) has often been demonstrated by in vitro studies. However, this effect was never sufficiently established in vivo. Our study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the addition of G-6-P to Fosfomycin in white mice (strain G.P. of N.I.H.), which were intraperitoneally infected with a strain of S. typhimurium (10(3) c.f.u/0.5 ml i.p.). One and six hours after the infection, 0.1 ml consisting of increasing doses of G-6-P (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 and 500 micrograms/g) and decreasing doses of Fosfomycin (15.6, 7.8, 3.9, 1.95, 0.98 and 0.49 micrograms/g) were applied i.m., using 10 animals for each combination. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of this therapy with regard to the reduction of the ED50 of Fosfomycin. It can be seen that the addition of 25 micrograms G-6-P/g body-weight significantly reduces the ED50 within the first days (Tab. 1), while doses of 50 and more micrograms G-6-P/g significantly reduce the ED50 during the whole investigation period (Tab. 2). These results justify the proposal to use a combination of Fosfomycin and G-6-P in clinical studies for the treatment of human infections. PMID- 6999794 TI - [Quantitative determination of the disintegration of nerve cells in the cortex caused by viral encephalitis (17 D-yellow fever), as a basis for the evaluation of the pathological processes in the central nerve system (author's transl)]. AB - A loss of nerve cells in the cortex after encephalitis was reported already in the classical work by Nissl, Spielmeyer, and Spatz. A loss of nerve cells will become only noticeable if it amounts to at least 50%. But as such clear pictures are rarely found, estimations were always considered as doubtful and incorrect. Not only the number of cells is important in consideration of the morphological change in the cortex but also the size of cells. The development of a new apparatus made is possible to consider two structural parameters: the surface and the perimeter of cells. In 497 histological serial preparations obtained from 43 mouse brains we determined the number, the surface, and the perimeter of nerve cells. 39 animals were infected intracerebraly with yellow fever 17 D; 4 normal animals served as controls. Among the infected animals, 8 were treated with a mucopolysaccharide. The cells were counted within a determined area (standard unity); this area was taken from the angle between the curbura exterior and the sulcus anterior-posterior of the brain. There was a significant difference between the number of nerve cells in normal (278) and in infected (202) animals. The animals treated with mucopolysaccharide showed a normal quantity of nerve cells but surface and perimeter corresponded to the data of the infected ones. The surface of normal animals was at 23.39, that of infected at 14.29. There was also a significant difference with regard to the cell perimeter: normal 14.97, infected 12.02. This means a shrinking of cells. The cell shrinkage revealed that the nerve cells were affected. The measurement of these three parameters presents new and exact statistical findings which enable a reconsideration of neurovirulence. PMID- 6999795 TI - Antibacterial action of quinolones on Escherichia coli. IIa. Conditions required for lethality: effect of anaerobiosis, inoculum size and media composition. AB - Quinolones with carboxylic or nitroside groups behaved differently in vitro under various physiological conditions tested. CarboxyQ was not active during the lag phase of E. coli and its activity was proportional to the growth rate under anaerobic conditions. NitroQ was immediately active on the cells soon after the inoculum was introduced under similar conditions. High cell density did not change the typical behaviour of these drugs. Only nitroQ was active in nitrogen free medium while both were inactive in glucose-free medium. Chloramphenicol, reduced the activity of carboxyQ while that of nitroQ was unaffected. PMID- 6999796 TI - Newer knowledge in classification, taxonomy and pathogenicity of species in the genus Haemophilus. A critical review. AB - This critical review deals with our present knowledge on the classification, taxonomy and pathogenicity of the different species of the genus Haemophilus occurring in humans and animals, including the five biotypes of H. influenzae and the 3 biotypes of H. para-influenzae. The first, second, third and fourth stage tests for differentiation of the species are summarized in several tables. PMID- 6999797 TI - [Detection of hepatitis Be antigen with an enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) from SEROMED was tested for its suitability in detecting HBeAg and was compared with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) from ABBOTT and with rheophoresis. From a total of 931 sera tested, HBeAg could be detected in 313 sera with ELISA, 347 sera with RIA and 22 sera with rheophoresis. When 8 HBeAg containing sera were titrated for end points, RIA gave titers which were 2.3-fold higherr than ELISA and 575-fold higher than rheophoresis. The differences between RIA and ELISA were shown to be due to somwhat lower sensitivity of ELISA. However, when sera from patients with Hepatitis B from various times after the onset of hepatitis (maximally 12 months) were tested, there was only a slight difference in sensitivity between ELISA and RIA. ELISA along with RIA is considered to be a substantially sensitive test for detection of HBeAG as compared to rheophoresis and can be recommended for routine use. PMID- 6999798 TI - Adherence of group A streptococci to epithelial cells in tissue culture. AB - Using the HEp-2 cell line system the factors and mechanisms of group A Streptococcus adherence had been studied. It was shown that high adherence was chiefly found in strains showing attributes of virulence (presence of M protein, growth in human blood, lethality for mice). The data supplied by experiments with pepsin and LTA suggest that there exist at least two mechanisms of adherence. PMID- 6999799 TI - [Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the Micro-ID system (author's transl)]. AB - Micro-ID, a new kit system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae, was compared with a conventional media-system, the extended Enterotube system (completed with arabinose, rhamnose and the Voges-Proskauer reaction), and partially with the API-20E system. When the computer generated Identification Manual for Micro-ID was consulted the system showed complete agreement at the genus level, but differed in 5% at the species level. Problems arose from misidentifications by nonfermenting organisms. 15 turbid blood cultures with gramnegative rods were tested additionally. In 11 cases the Micro-ID provided correct identification of the species and in further 3 cases of the genus. In summary Micro-ID is easy to handle and an accurate, convenient kit for the short term identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6999800 TI - Colicinogenicity of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and diarrhoeic goats. AB - A total of 550 E. coli isolates--250 from apparently healthy, and 300 from diarrhoeic West African pigmy goats were tested for colicinogenicity. 33.2% of strains from apparently healthy animals were colicinogenic as against 56% recorded for strains from animals with diarrhoea. Of the 251 colicinogenic E. coli strains from both groups of animals, 76.5% were Type I while 23.5% belonged to Type II. Identified colicins from the healthy animals consisted of types G, K, E2, A and V in decreasing frequency of occurrence, whereas those from goats with diarrhoea were made up of types V, B, E1, G, E2, E3, and Ia also in decreasing frequency of occurrence. In contrast to isolates from healthy animals, there was a marked variation in the colicin spectra of Types I and II E. coli from the diarrhoeic animals--that of Type I being much broader. The Public Health significance of possible transfer of multiple drug resistance from colicinogenic E. coli strains to other enterobacteria is also discussed. PMID- 6999802 TI - Experimental infection in rabbits evoked by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae treated with gentamicin, amikacin and sisomicin. AB - Rabbits were infected with freshly isolated strains of Ps. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, E. coli or K. pneumoniae and treated with gentamicin, amikacin or sisomicin in a controlled study. Therapeutic results were evaluated by survival of animals and viable counts of etiologic bacteria in several tissues after sacrification of treated animals at the same time. Sisomicin was the drug of choice for Ps. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis infections, when compared with amikacin and gentamicin. Its action is practically equal to that of amikacin in K. pneumoniae infection. Sisomicin appeared less active in E. coli infections than amikacin, but was superior to gentamicin. PMID- 6999801 TI - Ultrastructure and viability of K. pneumoniae treated with fosfomycin. AB - The effect of Fosfomycin on K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031 was studied. The morphology on the electron microscopical level and the viability were markedly altered after application of 6 micrograms/ml and 60 micrograms/ml of Fosfomycin, respectively. These were chosen because they can be attained in man by oral or parenteral administration. Until 30 min after the administration of 6 micrograms/ml, and 10 min after administration of 60 micrograms/ml the turbidity increased in the same range as in the control. Thereafter the turbidity decreased but did not fall below its minimal values; after application of 6 micrograms/ml of Fosfomycin the OD remained at higher levels than after applying 60 micrograms/ml of Fosfomycin, at all corresponding times. The number of viable cells, after application of 6 micrograms/ml of Fosfomycin, was maximally reduced for 70% of the value at the time of administration. 60 micrograms/ml quickly impaired the ability of reproduction. Consequently, the CFU were reduced continuously, e.g. by 80% after 30 min and by more than 99% after 180 min. The finestructural alterations were characterized by loss of contrast and regular shape. The occurrence of protruded protoplasts and defects in the cell wall indicate the action of Fosfomycin on the bacterial envelope, preferably on the peptidoglycan layer. PMID- 6999803 TI - Immune response to Mycobacterium leprae: further studies on the assessment of humoral immune response in mice. AB - Immuncyte proliferation in the spleens of mice given both a primary and a second infection sixty days later, was detected soon after the second challenge was administered. Plaque-forming cell assay for both the direct and developed plaques indicated that all cells producing antibody of both immunoglobulin classes were present in the animals when they were administered the second challenge. Hemagglutinating antibody determinations indicated that IgG antibodies are recognizable at a time when the bacilli reach a stage of maximum multiplication in the mouse host. The IgM antibodies, however, become detectable within a short time after infection in animals given either a single infection or a dual infection, one fifteen days later and the other sixty days after the first infection. It is proposed that the low level of circulating antibodies and antibody-producing cells despite continuous, as well as enhanced, antigenic challenge could be due to the fact that in the mouse footpad M. leprae may be intrinsically less antigenic than organisms that cause systemic infection. Quantitative immunoglobulin assays tended to confirm the observations on the HA studies. Present studies have once again confirmed our previous observations viz that the number of plaques in the spleens of mice infected with M. leprae increases on secondary stimulation, whether it is administered within a very short time after the primary infection or given later in the course of infection. They have also indicated that an IgG response will occur in the infected animals at a time when the bacillary multiplication enters the logarithmic phase of growth of M. leprae, They have, however, not permitted the placement of the mouse model in the overall spectrum of human leprosy. PMID- 6999804 TI - Rapid micromethods for detecting deamination and decarboxylation of amino acids, indole production, and reduction of nitrate and nitrite by facultatively anaerobic actinomycetes. AB - 96 strains of facultatively anaerobic actinomycetes and 2 Propionibacterium acnes strains were studied for their ability to deaminate and/or decarboxylate 13 amino acids, to reduce nitrate and nitrite, and to produce indole, using specially adapted micro-methods. Several of the tests performed were found to provide information which may aid in improving the classification and in facilitating the identification of these organisms. PMID- 6999805 TI - Serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis by enzyme-linked-immunosorrbent-assay (ELISA). AB - An enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) is described for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. Using an antigen prepared from a heated culture of a single leptospira strain (Wijnberg) the ELISA is a genusspecific test. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) served as a reference. ELISA and MAT results agreed in 95% of the sera from 96 leptospirosis patients. One false positive was found in 217 controls. The ELISA is sensitive, specific and relatively easy to perform. PMID- 6999806 TI - Direct isolation of dermatophytes from floors of an indoor swimming pool. PMID- 6999807 TI - [The removal of salmonellae in waste water by bacteriophages (author's transl)]. AB - Sewage treatment plants show only a 90-99% reduction in numbers of salmonellae. And the following chlorination of the effluents produces chlorinated organic derivatives and these are likely to be of great long term environmental danger. Thus for reasons of hygiene, it is desirable to study biological methods to remove salmonellae in waste waster. Therefore, the efficiency of the Felix O 1 bacteriophage for the removal of S. schottmuelleri and S. typhimurium was investigated. The composition and the pH of the medium (Destilled water, Sorensen phosphate buffer solution, pH 6.0-8.0, and sterilized wate water, pH 6.5) seem not to have a considerable importance for the observed salmonellae removal efficiency. As it is shown, the reduction of salmonellae by the O 1-phages is dependent on their concentration (Fig. 1). It is true, there is 90-99% removal of salmonellae as a function of their concentration, but a perfect elimination is not possible. PMID- 6999808 TI - [The cultural differentiation of colonies, taken by rubbing, by a stamp method (author's transl)]. AB - A new stamp method is described, which applies parts from so-called "Kratzenbursten" from the textile industry. By this method colonies, growing on rodac-plates or membrane filters, can be transferred on selective culture mediums. By simple and quick appliance the quantitative and qualitative differentiation of hospital germs is possible. PMID- 6999809 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative examination of bacteria found in aquatic habitats. 2. Communication: application of miniturizid multitest systems for identification and biochemical typing of bacteria using a multi-point method (author's transl)]. AB - A large number of bacteria were characterized and identified using a miniturized multi-test system and an automatic inoculator. This testsystem is suitable for ecological studies to get information about the qualitative and quantitative composition of bacterial populations. More than that a biochemical typing of bacteria is possible. PMID- 6999810 TI - [Essays on the history of rendering in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - Following a short historical outline of the former manner of disposing of cadavers and slaughter offals a detailed analysis is made of the Austrian spade work in this field supported by an relevant documentation dating back to 1743, and of the importance for controlling animal epidemics and for meat hygiene. PMID- 6999811 TI - [The development of the American carcass rendering industry (author's transl)]. AB - The American rendering organization is different from that in Europe, it has historycally developed as an industry separate from slaughter houses, it has grown and waxed very profitable on a world wide basis, and finally it is now under technological attack which may eventually fundamentally change it and make it more like the organization of rendering that you have in much of Europe after all. PMID- 6999812 TI - [Hygienic problems encountered in the production and utilization of meat meal and bone meal as well as of silage from animal raw material (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the dry heat treatment in carcase disposal is dealt with in the light of the data on ther thermal resistance of spore-forming bacteria. The sources of recontamination in the carcass processing plants have been established on the basis of the microbiological examination of samples taken from the environment of these plants and from the end-product of seven plants. The results are compiled in tables. Standard values were established for the analyses of meat meal and bone meal. The main processes for the production of silage from animal raw material are described and illustrated with the help of a table containing typical results of analysis. Hygienic aspects of the silage production as well as the tenacity of micro-organisms and the possibilities of microbial and enzymatic activities are elucidated and supported by tables. Some basic principles for the culturing of the bacteria responsible for the gas-formation in the silage are briefly dealth with. PMID- 6999814 TI - [Structural maturation of the mouse brain during ontogeny]. PMID- 6999813 TI - [Influence of chronic lead exposure on resistence to bacterial infection (author's transl)]. AB - Suppression by lead of resistance to bacterial or viral infections has been reported by several authors. We have studied, if a decrease of resistance to bacterial infection could be evaluated at blood lead concentrations (PbB), which correspond to the upper levels of environmental or occupational lead exposure regarded as tolerable (PbB = 35 resp. 60 microgram/100 ml). NMRI mice were chronically exposed to lead by feeding with lead acetate containing diets and given a challenge with Salmonella typhimurium. No increase of susceptibility to bacterial infection could be demonstrated at PbB < 90 microgram/100 g. At PbB > 100 microgram/100 g, however, an increase of lethality and a decrease of 50% survival times could be observed after bacterial infection. PMID- 6999815 TI - [Connections between the submaxillary glands and pancreas]. AB - Studies have been made on the in vitro incorporation of 3H-leucine into insulin like protein of the submaxillary glands and pancreatic insulin of mice. The effect of glucose on the intensity of incorporation of the labeled leucine into these proteins was also investigated. In was shown that during incubation of the submaxillary glands in the medium containing 3H-leucine, isotope is incorporated into the insulin-like protein, this fact indicating that this protein is synthesized in the glands. The increase in the content of glucose in the medium increases the incorporation of 3H-leucine into pancreatic insulin by 4 times, into insulin-like protein--by 5 times. PMID- 6999816 TI - [Certain evolutionary aspects of the structural organization of chromosomes (review)]. PMID- 6999818 TI - [EEG and deep stereotaxic EEG in the diagnosis of bitemporal epilepsy]. AB - Bitemporal epilepsy is characterized by complex hierarchical relationships between the contralateral temporal foci. On the basis of the clinical and electrophysiological examination of 61 patients with the clinical form of the disease which is discussed, the authors singled out definite characteristics the comprehensive evaluation of which allowed three possible types of subordination of the bitemporal foci that was studied to be identified. The authors believe that the singled out variants in the interrelationships of the foci of epileptic activity are not the only specific features in the organization of the epileptic system in bitemporal epilepsy. PMID- 6999819 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of severe forms of temporal epilepsy]. AB - The work deals with the results of surgical management of 61 patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy. The indications for the use of various types of operative interventions in this pathological condition are discussed. Positive results of treatment were obtained in 90.8--80.65% of cases. Deterioration in the patients' condition was not noted. It is emphasized that indications for surgical treatment must be determined as early as possible. PMID- 6999820 TI - [Rules to follow when designing removable prostheses over natural teeth]. PMID- 6999817 TI - [Immunobiologic features of insulin of the humpbacked salmon Oncorhynchus gorbucha and the species specific radioimmune system for its determination]. PMID- 6999821 TI - [Determination of the MSF (macrophage slowing factor) release by phytohemagglutinin using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test (MEM test). I. Dependency of release on incubation time, phytohemagglutinin and cell concentration]. AB - Under the influence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) lymphocytes of the peripheral blood from healthy persons and patients without immunodeficiencies produce a lymphokine called macrophage slowing factor (MSF). Kinetic studies of MSF production according to time-dependence, dose-response-effect and lymphocyte concentration revealed the optimal test conditions: 90 min resp. 4 h incubation time, 1 microliter and 5 microliter PHA per test and 10(6) lymphocytes per test. These conditions provided a decrease of 11.0 +/- 4.1% of macrophage mobility in the electric field. The PHA-model can be used as a positive control for the MEM test. Moreover the PHA-model serves as a test for immunological reactivity. PMID- 6999822 TI - [A simple technic for immobilization of NAD+ preserving its coenzyme activity]. PMID- 6999823 TI - [Anthrax in the differential diagnosis of surgical skin infections]. PMID- 6999824 TI - [Prevention of appendectomy wound infection with primary delayed sutures]. PMID- 6999825 TI - Effect of cyproterone acetate on platelet aggregability, fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic capacity in normal men. AB - Nine healthy men were treated with a daily dose of 5 or 10 mg of the anti androgen cyproterone acetate. Platelet aggregability was increased in 6 of 9 men; fibrinolytic activity decreased in 7 of 7 and the fibrinolytic capacity decreased in 5 of 7 volunteers. We conclude that platelet aggregability, fibrinolytic activity and capacity may be modified by anti-androgen treatment and therefore attention should be paid to the coagulation parameters when cyproterone acetate is used. PMID- 6999826 TI - Metabolic effects of intravenous ritodrine infusion in pregnancy. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of Ritodrine on blood glucose, insulin, electrolytes, plasma and red cell potassium and venous pH were investigated. A highly significant increase in blood glucose and insulin occured. A highly significant negative correlation between serum and red cell potassium concentration was registered (r = -0.96268). No signficant changes during Ritodrine infusion were recorded in serum levels of sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The pH did not seem to be influenced by intravenous Ritodrine administration. No cardiac arrhythmias or electrocardiographic deteriorations occurred. While intravenous Ritodrine administration seems to be safe in normal pregnancies, a risk may be present in diabetic and digitalized patients, and pregnant women being treated by diuretics. PMID- 6999827 TI - Treatment of labor pain with locally applied ketocaine. AB - Ketocaine, a new local anesthetic drug, was used for treatment of referred pain during labor. In a randomized, double-blind manner, fifty primigravidae received compresses containing either ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution or compresses with saline (placebo). The compresses were applied to the skin areas where the patient experienced the most intense pain. Nineteen of the 25 patients receiving ketocaine compresses reported good or moderate pain relief for an average of 2.5 h (range 1--5 h). These patients had a mean cervical dilatation of 3 cm (range 2--5 cm). In patients without effect of the compresses, the cervix was dilated to a mean of 6 cm (range 5--8 cm). In patient reporting good effect of the treatment, pains were located mainly to the back. Only six of the 25 patients receiving placebo compresses obtained relief of pain. The effect ceased immediately upon removal of the compresses. There was no relation between pain relief and the degree of cervical dilatation, or localization of the pain. No maternal or fetal side-effects related to the treatment were registered. PMID- 6999830 TI - Professor Carlos Hooft: March 15, 1910 -- January 22, 1980. PMID- 6999829 TI - Urine microscopy in the diagnosis of bacteriuria. PMID- 6999828 TI - Local application of ketocaine for treatment of referred pain in primary dysmenorrhea. AB - In a randomized, double-blind cross-over study the effect on referred pain of the local anesthetic, ketocaine, was evaluated in 23 women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Ketocaine was administered in compresses containing 1 g ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution. The investigation comprised two consecutive menstrual periods. During one, the patient received ketocaine compresses, and during the other placebo compresses, i.e. compresses without ketocaine. The compresses were applied to the skin area where the patient experienced the most intense pain. When receiving ketocaine compresses, 19 of the 23 patients reported good or moderate pain relief. The effect was recognized within 30 to 60 minutes and lasted for a mean of 3 hours (range 1.5--5 h). Only four of the patients reported relief of pain when receiving placebo compresses. This effect ceased when the compresses were removed. No general side effects were registered. However, erythema at the site of compress application was more often observed after ketocaine than after placebo compresses. PMID- 6999831 TI - Biosynthesis and mammalian metabolism of nicotine. PMID- 6999832 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on the efflux of 5-hydroxytryptamine from pancreatic Beta-cells. AB - The influence of glucose and metabolic inhibitors on the efflux of tritiated 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was studied in perifused beta-cell-rich ob/ob mouse islets loaded with trace amounts of 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan. Glucose stimulated exocytotic release of 5-HT but the effect was rapidly inhibited by 2,4 dinitrophenol, antimycin A or N-ethylmalemide. This inhibition was followed by a marked stimulation of 5-HT efflux. The later phenomenon was reversible when 2,4 dinitrophenol was used by appeared irreversible with antimycin A or N ethylmalemide. The results show that the maintenance of 5-HT within the beta-cell depends on energy. It is suggested that both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of 5-HT on insulin secretion depend on release of calcium from the secretory granules after short-circuiting a proton pump across the granule membrane. PMID- 6999833 TI - Simultaneous determinations of metabolic and hormonal responses, heart rate, temperature and oxygen uptake in running rats. AB - We have developed a tiny metabolism chamber, including a treadmill, for the study of exercising rats. The effects of work time, speed and inclination of running on VO2, heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and rectal temperature (TR) were determined. During prolonged runnig VO2, HR, R and catecholamine concentrations in arterial plasma drawn through chronically implanted catheters displayed an initial "overshooting", which did not diminish during the four times the rats within 10 days participated in experiments. When graded exercise was performed after a pre-test run of low intensity VO2, HR, R and TR increased with increasing running speed but did not vary with inclination. During 45 min of running, the plasma concentration of glucagon increased and that of insulin remained unchanged in spite of a marked increase in blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: In exercise studies in rats it is necessary to introduce a 20 min pre-test period, during which unspecific stress responses disappear. This pre-test period cannot be replaced by "habituation runs" on 3 preceding days. Furthermore, using rats, running speed rather than inclination has to be changed in order to establish physiologically significant differences in work intensity. The chamber makes it possible to carry out sophisticated studies of adaptations to exercise of a wide range of intensities in untrained rats and to relate the responses to VO2. PMID- 6999834 TI - The effect of insulin on skeletal muscle contractions and its relation to the effect produced by BETA-adrenoceptor stimulation. AB - The soleus, a slow-contracting, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast contracting muscle, from the guinea-pig were prepared for measurement of isometric contractions in vitro. Insulin, 2.5-55 mu/ml, caused a dose-dependent depression of twitches and subtetanic concentrations of the soleus muscle similar to and additive with that produced by the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline. The effect of terbutaline but not that of insulin was blocked by propranolol. Insulin had no apparent effect on the contractions of the EDL, whereas terbutaline increased the force of contraction. When depressed by KCl, however, insulin partially restored the twitch tension in both muscles. The possible role of effects on the Na+-K+ transport is discussed. PMID- 6999835 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. II. The shallow left ventricular cavity. AB - Using different volumetric methods for the estimation of the end diastolic volume in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis it is concluded that in this condition the left ventricular cavity is shallower than it appears in the 60 degrees right posterior oblique projection and that ordinary cardioangiographic volumetric methods probably overestimate the end diastolic volume because of the septal bulge. PMID- 6999836 TI - A cardio-selective beta blocker (metoprolol) in hypertensive, insulin-dependent diabetics. A preliminary report. PMID- 6999837 TI - C-peptide and proinsulin after oral glucose. PMID- 6999838 TI - Experience with pancreatic transplantation in Stockholm. AB - Eight attempts at segmental pancreatic transplantation were made in 6 diabetic patients. While the indications for transplantation differed all the patients were severely incapacitated by the disease. None was uremic. The body and tail of the pancreas from cadaveric donors was used, the grafts were revascularized to the recipient's iliac vessles. Six of the grafts provided control of blood glucose for 7-51 days. Five of the grafts then failed owing to rejection, and one had to be removed while still functioning, because of arterial bleeding. Important lessons have been learned concerning both surgical and immunological aspects of this form of treatment : 1) Ducto-jejunostomy should be used to provide exocrine pancreatic drainage. 2) HLA-DR typing for donor-recipient selection and thoracic-duct drainage as an adjunctive immunosuppressive measure should be used to reduce the incidence of graft rejection. 3) An elevation of the postprandial blood glucose concentration is a first sign of rejection and should cause treatment. 4) Graft rejection can be reversed by conventional steroid medication. PMID- 6999839 TI - Dialysis and renal transplantation in end-stage diabetic nephropathy. A survey. PMID- 6999841 TI - The importance of I. M. Sechenov's electrophysiological research. AB - In his electrophysiological studies I. M. Sechenov described for the first time the spontaneous electrical activity of the isolated brain, the physical electrotonus in the CNS, the amplifying action of anodic polarization on spontaneous and induced electrical activity, phenomena of inhibition of spontaneous and induced electrical oscillations of the brain upon tetanization of sensory nerves and negative shifts in the potential of the brain. Thus Sechenov discovered some basic electrical manifestations of the activity of the CNS and initiated fundamental electrophysiological studies of the brain. PMID- 6999840 TI - Mechanisms of motivation in avoidance behavior. AB - The mechanisms involved in avoidance behavior are discussed. It is assumed that the conditioned stimulus (CS) activates the memory pattern of associations related to the former applications of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and, as a result, produces an undesirable sensory state. This activates another memory pattern of associations related to the avoidance response and the postponement of the US. The performance of the avoidance response discontinues the CS, resulting in inactivation of the first memory pattern; this leads to a removal of the undesirable sensations, i.e., to an improvement in the sensory state. It is suggested that avoidance behavior obeys the same general rules which apply to approach (appetitive) behavior. In both approach and avoidance behavior the instrumental response provides a desirable sensory change (due to obtaining of the desired US in approach behavior and the postponement of the undesired US together with the discontinuation of CS in avoidance behavior). In 'both cases the response gradually extinguishes when its performance no longer provides the sensory "better-being". PMID- 6999842 TI - The effects of subcortical sensory and motor lesions on conditioned tactile placing in cats with pyramid section. AB - Cats after unilateral bulbar pyramid section showed permanent loss of tactile placing in the contralateral limbs. However, the cats could be trained to place the forelimb following light touch in a conditioning situation with food as a reward. This conditioned response survived subsequent unilateral red nucleus and cerebellar interposed nucleus lesions. Dorsal quadrant spinal cord lesion at the cervical level produced initial loss of the conditioned tactile placing but is recovered without retraining. Since those lesions interrupted subcortical afferent and efferent pathways essential to reflex tactile placing, these results indicate that reflex and conditioned responses involve different pathways and mechanisms. Training recruits or activates additional pathways for conditioned responses rather than strengthening those subserving the reflex responses. PMID- 6999843 TI - Dr. Ramon Jacas Ejarque 1926-1979. PMID- 6999844 TI - Predicting lethal outcome after severe head injury -- a computer-assisted analysis of neurological symptoms and laboratory values. AB - A total number of 58 parameters (laboratory values, neurological symptoms, and vegetative parameters) were evaluated in 150 patients during the first seven days after severe head injury. The patients were divided into two groups, "survivors" and "non-survivors". Eight easily evaluable routine parameters with the most significant differences between the two groups of patients were used for statistical evaluation of a "no survival chance score". These highly indicative parameters are serum osmolarity and urea, blood glucose, total bilirubin, motor reaction to stimuli, body temperature, respiratory activity, and pupil reaction. A "low survival chance limit" was evaluated from each of these parameters by computer analysis. None of the patients in the series survived when three or more of these eight parameters had climbed beyond the limit. So far, the system is able to predict "no survival chances" in 50.8% of the non-survivors some six days prior to death; 80% of these predictions could be made by the fourth day after injury. PMID- 6999846 TI - Tumoural antigens on experimental and human glioblastoma. AB - The fact that glioblastoma multiforme possesses antigens differing from those of normal brain has been stressed in early papers from Scheimberg, Mahaley, Eggers, and Brooks. In our work the presence of specific cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens in neoplastic cells has been demonstrated. These specific antigens are present not only in experimental tumours from the rat, but also in human glioblastoma, and are easily demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques. From our work differences between intracellular and membrane antigens are clear, as the latter do not react with IgG immunoglobulin. On the other hand, tumoural antigens in glioblastoma have similar antigenic qualities to those of histocompatible antigens in normal brain. Experimental and human glioblastomas have weak antigens, as demonstrated by frequent tumour recurrence following amputation and the positive cross-reaction of antibody with normal brain in experimental models. Glioblastoma multiforme may have a common antigen as its antibodies easily cross-react positively with different human tumours with similar, histological features. As tumoural membranes did not react as cytoplasm and nuclei, we cannot say that membrane antigens resemble those of intracellular contents. The fact that viral-induced tumours may have common antigens should point to aetiological possibilities in this group of tumours. Delayed cellular response is very useful during the follow-up of these patients. Positive DNCB and intradermal reactions could be elicited in those patients in whom the antigenic overload has been reduced as a consequence of a surgical procedure. On the other hand, patients with extensive and infiltrating tumoural masses exhibited weak or negative delayed cellular responses. Humoral responses from the patient's sera may not have the prognostic value of cellular responses. PMID- 6999845 TI - Oligodendrogliomas of the spinal cord. AB - The clinical, surgical, and pathological data from 35 published cases of oligodendroglioma and of one personal case are analysed and compared with those from other tumours of the cord and from cerebral oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendroglioma of the cord has a slightly lower average age than other gliomas and is closer to that of glioblastoma. In oligodendroglioma of the cord, as of the brain, acute onset or aggravation of the symptoms and an oscillating course are frequent. Two correlated data are particularly worth noting: a) the mean CSF protein content in oligodendroglioma of the cord is higher than in any other glioma; b) intracranial hypertension, in the form of papilloedema or hydrocephalus, or both, was present in 31% of cases. This signifies cerebral oligodendrogliomatosis, which was found in 6 out of 10 necropsied cases. At operation most oligodendrogliomas of the cord appear as infiltrating "gelatinous" tumours, though a minority have a firm consistency and apparently clearcut contours, which seem to be associated with a better prognosis. Postoperative radiotherapy seems to be useful. PMID- 6999848 TI - Uric acid turnover in normals, in gout and in chronic renal failure using 14C uric acid. PMID- 6999847 TI - A controlled study of the effect of long term allopurinol treatment on renal function in gout. PMID- 6999849 TI - Benzbromarone as a long-term uricosuric agent. PMID- 6999851 TI - Adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism in the erythrocytes of a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. PMID- 6999850 TI - The action of benzbromarone in relation to age, sex and accompanying diseases. AB - The uric-acid lowering effect was investigated in a group of 2220 patients. 1984 of these were employed for statistical evaluation purposes. On average, the uric acid level was reduced from 8,24 +/- 1,16 mg/100 ml to 5,32 +/- 1,265 mg/100 ml. In 82 % of all the cases, the uric acid level at the end of the treatment period was below 6,4 mg%, both in patients treated throughout with 50 mg benzbromarone (NarcaricinRmite) and in those changed over to 100 mg benzbromarone (NarcaricinR) after 1 to 3 weeks. The lowering of the uric acid levels was in no way related to hypertension, adiposity, hyperlipoproteinaemia, diabetes mellitus or age. PMID- 6999853 TI - Phosphate metabolic control of potassium movement - its effect on osmotic pressure of the cell. PMID- 6999852 TI - Sodium-dependent transport of inorganic phosphate across the renal brush border membrane. PMID- 6999854 TI - Effect of phosphate on the arginine-induced insulin release by the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - The isolated perfused rat pancreas was used to investigate the effect of extracellular phosphate on the arginine-induced insulin release. In the absence of any metabolic substrate, the insulin response to arginine was monophasic. In the absence of phosphate in the medium, the insulin release as unaffected until the 15th minute of the stimulation period, but was significantly augmented from that time onward. In the presence of oleic acid in the perfusate, the insulin response to arginine was also monophasic but occurred earlier than in controls. In this conditin, phosphate omission resulted in an increase of the insulin response to arginine from the 3rd minute of the stimulatory period onward. In the presence of glucose 5.5 mM in the medium the insulin response to argnine was biphasic and was not affected by extracellular phosphate omission. PMID- 6999855 TI - Chronic hypophosphatemia in kidney transplanted children and young adults. PMID- 6999857 TI - Effect of acute metabolic acidosis on plasma phosphorus concentration. PMID- 6999856 TI - Pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia in kidney necrograft recipients: a controlled trial. PMID- 6999858 TI - Renal magnesium transport and the effects of hypermagnesemia, hypercalcemia, body magnesium stores and parathyroid hormone. AB - Magnesium reabsorption occurs throughout the proximal, loop and distal segments of the nephron. The proximal tubule is less permeable to magnesium than calcium and sodium and most of the filtered load is reclaimed in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Thus one would expect that factors which regulate magnesium reabsorption should act within this important segment. No single hormone or agent appears to regulate magnesium reabsorption sufficiently to account for urinary changes; rather it appears to be a number of intracellular and extracellular factors acting in concert to effect day to day magnesium homeostasis. PMID- 6999859 TI - A critical evaluation of treatment of calcium stones. PMID- 6999860 TI - The uptake of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone by peripheral organs. PMID- 6999861 TI - The interrelationship between phosphate and magnesium metabolism. AB - a) It appears that the interrelationship between phosphate and magnesium metabolism is complicated and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood, b) the interaction between the homeostasis of these two ions is species dependent and its full expression is most evident in the rat, c) body depletion of either of these ions may result in marked changes in the blood levels, intestinal absorption, renal handling and body content of the other, d) hypermagnesemia causes hyperphosphatemia and decreased urinary excretion of phosphate, and e) the effects of hyperphosphatemia on magnesium are not elucidated as yet. PMID- 6999862 TI - What is osteomalacia? PMID- 6999863 TI - Mechanisms of calcification. PMID- 6999864 TI - Interactions of hormones, ions, and drugs in the regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption. PMID- 6999865 TI - Recent advances in management of osteoporosis. PMID- 6999866 TI - The role of vitamin D metabolites in the management of bone abnormalities in renal disease. PMID- 6999867 TI - Role of hydroxyl radicals in microsomal oxidation of alcohols. AB - A series of hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenging agents competitively inhibited microsomal oxidation of ethanol and 1-butanol. The inhibition by the scavengers was specific since these agents had no effect on catalase-dependent oxidation of ethanol, microsomal drug metabolism or microsomal electron transfer. Chemical evidence for production of .OH during microsomal electron transfer was provided by the generation of appropriate products from .OH scavenging agents. H2O2 was shown to play a role as a precursor of .OH. Fe-EDTA increased microsomal oxidation of ethanol without affecting drug metabolism. A role for cytochrome P 450 in catalyzing . OH generation remains to be evaluated. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism underlying the oxidation of ethanol by liver microsomes reflects the ability of ethanol to interact with .OH generated from microsomal electron transfer. PMID- 6999868 TI - In vivo evaluation of ambivalent active-site-directed inactivators of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - In order to decrease the rate of ethanol metabolism for the treatment of acute and chronic alcoholism it would be useful to inhibit liver alcohol dehydrogenase in vivo. Based on a knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the horse enzyme, we designed active-site-directed inactivators [p (XCH2CONH)C6H4(CH2)3COHN2] which bind to the enzyme-NAD or enzyme-NADH complex and alkylate methionine residue 306. In vitro, these reagents inactivated mouse, rat, horse and human liver alcohol dehydrogenases faster in the presence than in the absence of NAD or NADH, but with slightly different specificity. Mice and rats pretreated with the reagents eliminated ethanol in blood more slowly than those not treated, and the specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver homogenates of treated animals was decreased. It appears that the design of active-site-directed reagents is feasible, but these reagents must be improved so that they are more efficacious in vivo. PMID- 6999869 TI - Kinetic and mechanistic studies of oxidation of vitamin A alcohol to vitamin A aldehyde by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The inhibition by ethanol and pyrazole. AB - The present investigation shows that all-trans retinol (Vitamin A alcohol), an alcohol of great physiological importance, is efficiently oxidized to all-trans retinaldehyde by the enzyme horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. We observe a Km retinol value of 145 microM and a turnover number of 0.45s-1 for the oxidation of all-trans retinol in the presence of Triton X-100, a surfactant used as a solubilizer. Over the concentration range of surfactant used (up to 0.1% Triton X 100) our studies on the oxidation of ethanol and all-trans retinol show that turnover numbers for both reactions remain constant as does the value for Km ethanol. On increasing the concentration of Triton X-100 from 0.025% to 0.10%, however, the Km retinol value increases by a factor of two. This behavior for retinol oxidation can be attributed to the partitioning of retinol between enzyme and surfactant. Pyrazole, a known inhibitor of alcohol oxidation by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, is a competitive inhibitor of both all-trans retinol and ethanol, with observed Ki values of 3.3 X 10(-7) M and 3.9 x 10(-7) M, respectively. We also find that ethanol inhibits all-trans retinol oxidation in a complex fashion, an observation which may have important consequences in view of the physiological role of retinol and its oxidation products. Our present studies indicate that all-trans retinol binds in the same region of the enzyme as does ethanol and is oxidized with an efficiency approaching that of ethanol itself. PMID- 6999870 TI - Multifunctionality of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase is shown to catalyze dehydrogenation, dismutation and esterolysis. These multifunctional activities were found to associate with all isozymes. The reversible dehydrogenation of alcohols takes place via a random mechanism with a pathway for the formation of enzyme-NADH-alcohol complex which is simplified to an ordered BiBi mechanism at low alcohol concentrations. The same mechanism was followed by the irreversible dismutation of aldehydes except that the contribution of the dead-end enzyme-NADH-aldehyde complex becomes important at low temperatures. The esterolysis does not require nicotinamide coenzyme and proceeds via a Uni Bi mechanism. Both Zn2+ and sulfhydryl group are required for the multifunctional activities. However, their binding/catalytic domains may be nonequivalent albeit overlapping. This is deduced from the following observations: (a) chain length specificities for homologous substrates, (b) cross effects of analogous substrates or products and (c) different responses to various chemical modifications. PMID- 6999872 TI - Biochemical, morphological and clinical correlates of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6999871 TI - Isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Japanese and their role in alcohol sensitivity. PMID- 6999873 TI - Isolation of a lipocyte-rich fraction from rat liver nonparenchymal cells. AB - A modified pronase digestion procedure is described for isolating nonparenchymal liver cells from vitamin A treated rats, which yielded a 15-23% population of lipocytes in the total cell suspension. The criteria for defining a lipocyte was the appearance of vitamin A containing cells as determined by fluorescent microscopy. Measurement of alcohol dehydrogenase and retinol dehydrogenase activities indicated that these enzyme activities were not present in the isolated nonparenchymal cells. A lipocyte-rich fraction of nonparenchymal cells was obtained by centrifugation of purified nonparenchymal cells in a linear Metrizamide gradient. Vitamin A fluorescence and chemical assay of vitamin A in the cell fractions indicated a four-fold enrichment of lipocytes in the cell fraction with d = 1.043 g/ml. Fractions high in vitamin A also had numerous cells with fat droplets as shown by transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6999874 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Human fibroblast alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Studies of ethanol oxidation and other metabolic pathways in humans are often limited by the availability of a reproducible test material. Because of this we have tested human fibroblasts for ethanol metabolism and alcohol dehydrogenase content. Seven different cell lines have been studied and found to contain an enzymatic activity identified as alcohol dehydrogenase by the following criteria: it is NAD+-dependent, the Km for ethanol is like human liver, it is completely inhibited by 25 microM 4-pentylpyrazole. The fibroblast activity was analyzed by isoelectric focusing and found to contain several isozymes also present in the human liver sample. In addition, fibroblasts contain 2 major isozymes which migrate anodally to any isozymes previously reported in human liver. Thus, fibroblasts appear to be useful material for comparing enzymatic aspects of ethanol metabolism in alcoholics and nonalcoholics. PMID- 6999875 TI - Kinetics and control of alcohol oxidation in rats. AB - The rates of oxidation of ethanol and isopropanol by purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase were determined in vitro and compared to the rates of metabolism in vivo in order to estimate the extent to which alcohol dehydrogenase activity limits ethanol metabolism. The metabolism of isopropanol and isopropanol-d7 (CD3CDOHCD3) was examined by measuring blood alcohol and acetone levels at various times and apparently proceeds by an irreversible, enzyme-catalyzed pathway: isopropanol leads to acetone leads to an unidentified metabolite. The kinetic constants for the metabolism were computed from simultaneous fits to the appropriate differential equations using a nonlinear least-squares program. The relative rates of oxidation of the alcohols, ethanol:isopropanol:isopropanol-d7, at 25 mM were 9.6 : 2.3 : 1.0 in vitro and 4.1 : 2.4 : 1.0 in vivo. Since the ratio of rates for isopropanol is about the same in vitro and in vivo, it appears that alcohol dehydrogenase activity is the predominant rate-limiting factor in isopropanol metabolism. The relatively slower rate of ethanol oxidation in vivo as compared to in vitro suggests that liver alcohol dehydrogenase is partially (about 40%) limiting for ethanol metabolism. PMID- 6999876 TI - Psychotropic drug metabolism in fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - Simultaneous intake of ethanol with chlorpromazine (thorazine), an antipsychotic drug, leads to about 60% decrease in the chlorpromazine removal from the rat blood. Studies with liver homogenates showed that ethanol inhibits the metabolism of this drug by about 50%. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on the metabolism of chlorpromazine can be largely abolished by pyrazole (2 mM) preincubation. Prolonged maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy and lactation leads to a decrease in chlorpromazine metabolism in the fetal (30%), neonatal (46%) and maternal livers. Prolonged maternal ethanol intake also leads to an increase in the (UDPG)/(UDPGA) ratio in the suckling neonatal liver and the maternal liver. Simultaneous acute administration of ethanol (2g/kg) with psychotropic drugs such as chlordiazepoxide (librium), diazepam (valium), chlorpromazine (thorazine) or meprobamate (equanil) to pregnant or non-pregnant rats led to a decrease in the blood alcohol clearance rates. In another group of nonpsychotropic drugs tested, tolbutamide (orinase) produced the most pronounced (47%) decrease in blood alcohol clearance rates. This decrease was found to be accompanied by the inhibition of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6999877 TI - Genetic regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase isozymes in the mouse. AB - Electrophoretic and activity variants for the C2 isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-C2), the mitochondrial isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD-A2) and aldehyde oxidase isozymes (AOX-1; AOX-2) in inbred strains of Mus musculus were used to map the genes encoding these enzymes on the mouse genome. Adh-3 (encoding ADH-C2) was localized on chromosome 3 and was closely linked to a cis-acting regulator locus (Adh-3-t), which determined ADH-C2 activity in male reproductive tissues. Ahd-1 (encoding AHD-A2) was found on chromosome 4 near Gpd-1 (encoding the liver isozyme of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), whereas the aldehyde oxidase loci (Aox-1, Aox-2) were closely linked on chromosomes 1 near Id-1 (encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase). PMID- 6999878 TI - Isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenases. AB - Thirty amino acid substitutions are known in eight sets of isozymes or mutants of alcohol dehydrogenases. The replacements are at different positions in the subunits and affect many regions of the protein chains, which is consistent with the variability in properties of isozyme pairs. Correlations with functional consequences, chemical modifications and sub-forms are summarized. PMID- 6999880 TI - Carbon-13 magnetic resonance probe of coenzyme and inhibitor binding in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was carboxymethylated at the active site Cys-46 using 90% [1-13C]bromoacetate. The enriched carboxylate resonance was studied in the absence and presence of coenzymes and inhibitors. Previous ambiguities regarding the resonance in the NAD+ complex have now been resolved. However, it is shown that imidazole, an inhibitor introduced during the carboxymethylation, is not removed by the standard gel filtration step frequently employed and must thus bind much more tightly to the enzyme than suspected. Competition experiments involving imidazole and halide inhibitors show that the imidazole is preferentially bound when both are present in equimolar amounts. This suggests that the crystallographically identified anion binding site at the zinc of the carboxymethylated enzyme may require re-evaluation. The electron density at the zinc of the modified enzyme may be better explained as being due to unsuspected binding of imidazole. PMID- 6999879 TI - Biochemical correlates of tolerance in rodents and in Drosophila. Possible role of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase. AB - In the rat, prolonged exposure to ethanol (ETOH) vapor induced an acquired increase in tolerance. After a single ETOH administration, the duration of recovery was decreased by 20% as compared to control animals and the rate of ETOH elimination from blood was increased by 27%. From the data obtained on liver enzymes--alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)--it is suggested that the increased ALDH activity would be the consequence of an increased formation of the product of ETOH oxidation, the acetaldehyde. This over-production would not be accounted for by ADH. It is assumed that among others, the coupled reaction SOD-catalase would represent a possible alternate pathway. Data on Drosophila demonstrate that initial tolerance to ETOH is well correlated with ADH activity. It is suggested that ETOH metabolites (mainly acetaldehyde) would act also as determinant of this initial tolerance. The value of Drosophila as animal model for the study of behavioral and biochemical correlates of initial tolerance is discussed. PMID- 6999882 TI - Ultrastructure and successful keratoplasty of sclerocornea in Mietens' syndrome. AB - A 5-year-old boy with Mietens' syndrome had bilateral microsclerocornea, hypoplastic nose, bilaterally absent radii, elbow flexion contractures, absent left fibula, growth retardation, and normal intelligence. Both corneas measured 9.25 mm in diameter and showed diffuse anterior stromal opacification with focal nebular densities and extensive superficial vascularization. Penetrating keratoplasty in one eye remained clear and compact two years postoperatively and visual acuity improved. Histopathologically, vascularized collagenous tissue occupied the anterior one fourth of the corneal stroma and contained bundles of collagen fibrils 75 to 90 nm in diameter. Descemet's membrane showed abnormal anterior lamination. PMID- 6999881 TI - Similar epithelial healing rates of the corneas of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. AB - We developed a reliable method for measuring corneal regeneration in humans with noninvasive, readily available photographic techniques. We then used this method prospectively to compare the rates of primary corneal regeneration after surgery in a series of 27 diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The rates of corneal epithelial regeneration were not significantly different when diabetic patients were compared with nondiabetic patients. A tendency toward recurrent epithelial defects was confirmed in the diabetic patients, however. PMID- 6999883 TI - A new method for fixation of the eyelid during tarsorrhaphy. AB - I have found the Reese muscle forceps to be the ideal instrument for holding and steadying the eyelid margin during tarsorrhaphy. Not only does it provide a firm grip, but it also prevents bleeding and retracts the eyelashes. PMID- 6999884 TI - Mesmerism revisited: the effectiveness of Esdaile's techniques in the production of deep hypnosis and total body hypnoanaesthesia. PMID- 6999885 TI - Induction of hypnosis by poetic hypnogram. PMID- 6999886 TI - The relationship between calcium intake and edema-, proteinuria-, and hypertension-getosis: an hypothesis. PMID- 6999887 TI - Malignant "histiocytic" lymphoma in childhood. AB - Forty-one cases of childhood "histiocytic" lymphoma were studied morphologically and immunologically to determine whether this tumor type is composed of true histiocytic cells. Lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were used as markers for histiocytes, and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were used as markers for B cells. Both indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods were used for functional characterization of tumor cells. Eight different subgroups were identified in the series, and only one case was proved to be true histiocytic lymphoma. When survival was evaluated for different subgroups, excluding convoluted lymphocytic, unclassified, and true histiocytic lymphomas, mixed follicular cell lymphoma had the most favorable prognosis; six of seven patients survived for at least one year. Immunoblastic lymphoma, by contrast, had an unfavorable prognosis; none of four patients were alive one year after diagnosis. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05) by chi-square analysis. Other groups of lymphoma (large cleaved, large noncleaved, and small noncleaved) had an intermediae prognosis (three of five, six of nine, and five of nine patients surviving at one year). Our results indicate that "histiocytic" lymphoma is a morphologically heterogeneous group of neoplasms, mostly not related to true histiocytes, and that morphologic subclassification may be useful in predicting prognosis. PMID- 6999888 TI - Breast carcinoma-associated antigen. An immunocytochemical study. AB - An antiserum raised against a high molecular weight fraction of a medullary carcinoma of the breast was used to study breast carcinomas by means of an indirect unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technic. Strong cytoplasmic staining was demonstrated in all of 30 breast cancers tested and in one of three intraductal papillomas. Weak cytoplasmic staining was detected in four of nine fibroadenomas, two malignant melanomas, and one of six carcinomas of the colon. No cytoplasmic staining was seen in 24 other specimens of breast tissue, including 12 specimens from patients who had fibrocystic disease and five fibroadenomas, or in 17 extramammary malignant tumors. The antiserum appears to identify a breast carcinopma-associated antigen. PMID- 6999889 TI - Simple sedimentation method for cytology of cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A simpler and more practical sedimentation method for cerebrospinal fluid cytology is described. One-tenth milliliter of cerebrospinal fluid was applied dropwise within the circle of a Reich counting slide, and after sedimentation of the cells to the glass, the fluid was removed. Slides can be stained automatically with a slide stainer. Less cell distortion was observed with the sedimentation method. This method is much simpler and less time-consuming than the original sedimentation method. PMID- 6999890 TI - Nasal deformities in neonates. Their occurrence in those treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure and nasal endotracheal tubes. AB - Seventy-two infants were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure for one day to five weeks, and nasal deformities developed in none. One hundred thirty-six infants were treated with nasotracheal tubes and eight (6%) were found to have nasal deformities. There was a strong correlation between duration of intubation and birth weight and the presence of deformities. In no infant receiving ventilation therapy for less than six days did nasal deformities develop. The incidence of nasal deformities in infants weighing less than 1,000 g was 50%, whereas in infants heavier than 1,000 g it was 2.4%. No infant had clinical symptoms suggestive of subglottic stenosis during the first year of life. The data do not support the use of routine tracheostomy in newborn infants even after prolonged intubation. PMID- 6999891 TI - Nosocomial transmission of bacteriophage type 7/11/12 group B streptococci in a special care nursery. AB - Two premature infants in a special care nursery acquired late-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis within a 24-hour period. The infecting strains were serotype III organisms with bacteriophage type 7/11/12. Cultures of the mothers of the two affected infants were negative for GBS, implying nosocomial acquisition of infection. Although 32% of nursery personnel had mucosal carriage of GBS, none of the seven isolates of GBS type III was the same bacteriophage type as the two infecting strains. Of the other infants hospitalized in the nursery, five were asymptomatically colonized with GBS. These infants were in bassinets adjacent to the affected infants; all five of their isolates were identical to the two infecting strains. We conclude that infant-to-infant transmission may result in nosocomial late-onset GBS septicemia. PMID- 6999892 TI - Food sensitivity: a critical review and practical approach. PMID- 6999893 TI - Radiological case of the month: systemic air embolism secondary to respiratory therapy. PMID- 6999894 TI - William J. Mellman: in memoriam. PMID- 6999895 TI - Centrally acting oral skeletal muscle relaxants. AB - A critical examination of the literature on centrally acting, orally administered skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) is presented. The available comparative clinical studies are reviewed, and the pharmacology, metabolism and adverse effects of the oral SMRs are discussed briefly. The drugs covered are carisoprodol, chlorphenesin carbamate, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, diazepam, metaxalone, methocarbamol, and orphenadrine citrate. The mechanism of action of these agents is not well defined, and their effects are measured mainly by subjective responses. Thus, acceptable evidence of efficacy is difficult to obtain, especially if clinical studies continue to be designed inadequately. There are inadequate data to support the superiority of any one drug. Further, unique clinical efficacy of any oral SMR in comparison to nonspecific sedation has not been established. Based on subjective responses, all agents, except diazepam, have been shown to be superior to placebo in acute disorders; cyclobenzaprine has not been evaluated in acute conditions. SMRs are less effective in chronic disorders. Combination muscle relaxant-analgesic products appear to be superior to their individual components, but the relative efficacy of these combination products in comparison to combined use of individual sedative and analgesic agents is unknown. PMID- 6999896 TI - Effect of whole blood on insulin adsorption onto intravenous infusion systems. AB - Insulin availability following the addition of whole blood to insulin infusions was evaluated. Solutions of 0.45% sodium chloride containing insulin (50) units/liter) and tracer amounts of 125I-labeled insulin were prepared and added to plastic or glass intravenous containers. Blood (5 ml) was added to the containers at the same time as the insulin or one hour after insulin. The cumulative amount of insulin delivered from these solutions over six hours was compared with that of insulin solutions containing no blood. When no blood was added to the insulin infusions, cumulative insulin delivery after two hours was 68% from the plastic containers and 76% from the glass bottles. The corresponding values for blood added simultaneously with insulin or one hour after insulin, ranged between 93% and 98%. The addition of whole blood to these low-dose insulin intravenous infusions was found to be effective in minimizing insulin adsorption onto the components of the infusion system. The method described does not expose the patient to the risks associated with receiving exogenous human serum albumin and also involves less expense. PMID- 6999897 TI - Intimations of mortality reconsidered: terminal care. PMID- 6999898 TI - Dose: a critical factor in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6999899 TI - Normotensive primary aldosteronism. AB - A very unusual case of normotensive primary aldosteronism is described. A 25 year old woman first noticed numbness of both hands followed by a typical tetany attack. The blood pressure was within normal ranges. The results of other physical examinations were negative except for the findings of Trousseau's sign. Hypokalemi, increased potassium clearance, disturbed urine concentration and increased circulating plasma volume were noticeable. Diagnosis was established by (1) increased levels of plasma aldosterone, (2) low plasma renin activity, (3) normal adrenocortical function and (4) typical aldosterone-producing adenoma. After removal of the adenoma, the abnormalities subsided. The lack of hypertension in primary aldosteronism is a rare condition. Several possible causes of normotension must be considered, such as the early phase of primary aldosteronism, essential hypotension associated with primary aldosteronism and lack of concomitant secretion of other mineralocorticoids from the adenoma, but these were all negligible. As blood pressure response to the administration of angiotensin II was lower than is typical for primary aldosteronism, and the patient transiently suffered from frequent attacks of blackouts soon after the operation, the cause of normotension was thought to be due to the existence of a hypotensive mechanism which counteracts the increase in blood pressure in primary aldosteronism. PMID- 6999900 TI - Gardner syndrome and periampullary malignancy. AB - In a family with colonic polyposis and the typical associated findings of Gardner syndrome (osteomas and soft-tissue tumors), two and possibly four of the affected members developed periampullary malignancy. A review indicates that individuals with Gardner syndrome may have a 100- to 200-fold increased risk of developing periampullary carcinoma when compared to the general population. While certain families and certain individuals (those with other duodenal involvement, males and those with all of the characteristics of Gardner syndrome expressed) may be most susceptible, all patients with Gardner syndrome should be periodically endoscopically evaluated for the presence of upper gastrointestinal tract disease. PMID- 6999901 TI - Skin grafting for full-thickness burn injury. PMID- 6999902 TI - Transporting the heart donor. PMID- 6999903 TI - Angel in hell-with-the-lid-off. (Anna B. Heldman). PMID- 6999904 TI - Pediatric nurse pioneers in special ed with retarded (Helen Hogan). PMID- 6999905 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism with three months of low-estrogen contraceptive use. AB - Prospective studies of carbohydrate metabolism were performed by means of an oral glucose tolerance test in 29 women. The studies were performed before and after 3 months of treatment with an oral contraceptive that contained 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone. The 24 women with a "normal" control test had no significant alteration in any of their blood glucose and plasma insulin values, except that the fasting glucose level decreased with treatment. Three of these women (12.5%) had a slight deterioration of their glucose curves into a "borderline abnormal" grouping during treatment. There were five women with "borderline abnormal"control glucose curves, and in four of these (80%) the curves returned to "normal" during treatment, whereas one curve stayed "borderline abnormal." These data suggest that this low-estrogen oral contraceptive has minimal short-term adverse effects on the carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6999906 TI - Response to repetitive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation in hypothalamic and pituitary disease. AB - The gonadotropin response to 100 microgram of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administered three times intravenously at 2-hour intervals was measured to ascertain whether this would distinguish between patients with hypothalamic and those with pituitary disease. Responses in two patients with Kallmann's syndrome were compared to those in patients with other forms of hypothalamic or pituitary disease, including weight-loss amenorrhea, panhypopituitarism, and hyperprolactinemia. The conclusion was that a triple bolus LH-RH test is not adequate to distinguish patients who are potentially treatable with LH-RH from those in whom no stimulation can be anticipated. PMID- 6999908 TI - Selective maternal culturing to identify group B streptococal infection. AB - During a 5-year period vaginal cultures were obtained from all women with an obstetric history of premature onset of labor or premature rupture of membranes. With these indications, 1,213 (12.7%) of all parturient patients were cultured and 10.2% of those cultured were colonized with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. Maternal colonization did not correlate with ABO blood group, although a significantly higher percentage of Rh negative women were colonized (p < 0.01). During this 5-year period, 20 infants had documented early-onset infection (sepsis or meningitis) with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. All 10 infants had a maternal history of premature onset of labor and/or premature rupture of membranes. Mothers of eight infants were cultured and seven of these cultures were positive. Approximately one of every 20 infants designated at high risk actually developed early-onset disease. Selective maternal culturing effectively identifies those infants as risk for early-onset group B streptococcal disease. PMID- 6999907 TI - Malacoplakia of the female genital tract. AB - Malacoplakia is an uncommon chronic granulomatous inflammation which most frequently involves the urinary bladder of middle-aged women and rarely affects the genital tract. In this paper 10 cases of female genital malacoplakia are reviewed, seven of which have been reported previously in the literature. Genital malacoplakia usually occurs in women 60 years of age or older and most frequently affects the vagina. Vaginal bleeding is a common presenting complaint and the lesion may simulate a malignancy. Four of the 10 patients were receiving corticosteroids at the time of diagnosis. Escherichia coli was cultured from urine or from the lesion itself in half of the cases. The disease appears to be an acquired defect in bactericidal function of histiocytes. Antibiotic therapy and surgical excision are effective, although a recurrence developed in one patient and was successfully re-excised. PMID- 6999909 TI - Surgical advances and results of keratoconus. AB - We analyzed 82 eyes of 53 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. Despite meticulous attention to microsurgical technique, and the use of the corneal punch. 10-0 monofilament nylon double continuous suture, and the surgical keratometer, and sizing the donor graft to recipient bed, we found a postoperative astigmatism of about 4.0 diopters. The percentage of clear grafts is now high and the complication rate low. However, we still have not developed a technique that ensures an anastigmatic cornea after keratoplasty for keratoconus. PMID- 6999910 TI - Thermal wedge with penetrating keratoplasty to reduce high corneal cylinder. AB - I devised a new technique using a thermal wedge resection at the time of keratoplasty to reduce excessive amounts of corneal astigmatism. Surface cautery was used to draw this thermal wedge of corneal tissue into the area to be trephined, and removed at surgery from the patient's cornea. The final result was the same as combining a surgical tissue wedge resection with keratoplasty. This new technique has resulted in reduction of the astigmatic error by as much as 8.5 diopters. PMID- 6999911 TI - Corneal epithelium in penetrating keratoplasty. AB - We studied corneal epithelium in 66 patients with bullous keratopathy treated with penetrating keratoplasty using McCarey-Kaufman stored donor corneas. Epithelium was evaluated at times of storage, surgery, and postoperative dressing changes. Epithelium was intact in 43 of the donor corneas at storage, and 23 had 5 to 100% (median, 50%) epithelium missing. At the end of the keratoplasty procedure, 16 grafts had epithelium intact, and 50 had 5 to 100% (median, 20%) epithelium missing. Postoperative epithelial healing time ranged from one to 12 days, with a median of two days. Postoperative healing was significantly prolonged when donor corneal epithelium was missing at keratoplasty. As the amount of epithelium intact at the end of surgery decreased, the number of days to heal postoperatively increased. We found that donor corneas could be stored as long as 79 hours, with 63 hours in McCarey-Kaufman medium, and still have epithelium intact at the end of the keratoplasty procedure. PMID- 6999912 TI - Ocular alignment after craniofacial reconstruction. AB - We undertook a retrospective study of 160 patients to ascertain if craniofacial reconstruction affected ocular alignment. In most patientspre-existing alignment and binocularity were unaffected by craniofacial surgery; thus, correction of any strabismus can be performed on a child without concern for disruption of muscle tissue by later craniofacial surgery. PMID- 6999913 TI - Hallermann-Streiff syndrome associated with sclerocornea, aniridia, and a chromosomal abnormality. AB - An infant with the features of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome also had the previously unreported ocular signs of sclerocornea, buphthalmos, congenital glaucoma, and aniridia. Chromosome analysis revealed an elongation of one of the arms of the tenth chromosome. The infant was the product of a consanguinous marriage between distant cousins and a distant cousin of the patient also had the typical features of the Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. PMID- 6999914 TI - The Maddox classification of vergence eye movements. AB - The classification of convergence as described by Maddox in The Clinical Use of Prisms is discussed. Maddox believed that the vergence system could be analyzed in terms of additive components designated according to their sensory origin: tonic vergence, accommodative vergence, reflex, or disparity (fusion), vergence, and proximal, or psychic, vergence. This description is brought into perspective with current-day descriptions of components of the binocular vergence system. PMID- 6999915 TI - Early development of lipogenesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - This study was designed to sequence the earliest metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of obesity in the obese hyperglycemic mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob). In situ lipogenesis was measured with 3H2O in fetuses at day 19 of gestation and in 5-, 10-, 15-, and 35-day-old mice. Preobese 15-day-old animals were identified on the basis of rectal hypothermia. The earliest increased accumulation of fatty acids was observed in the carcass of 15-day-old preobese animals (ob/ob) compared to their lean littermates (+/?) and known lean controls (+/+). The increased carcass lipogenesis in these animals was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin concentration. Weaned 35-day-old obese animals showed a significant increase in hepatic and subcutaneous adipose tissue lipogenesis, plasma insulin, and glucose values when compared to their littermates (+/?). The results indicate that increased carcass lipogenesis, hyperinsulinemia, and hypothermia appear between days 10 and 15 and that these abnormalities precede the hyperglycemia and increased hepatic lipogenesis observed in the mature ob/ob mice. PMID- 6999917 TI - Differential renal effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition in sodium-replete and sodium-deprived dog. AB - We studied the renal effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor sodium meclofenamate (M) (5 mg/kg, iv) in the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog that had been maintained on an elevated (100 meq/day) or on a reduced (< meq/day) sodium intake, and during the administration of antiotensin II in the sodium-replete dog, or the angiotensin receptor blocker [Sar1-Ala8]angiotensin II in the sodium-deprived dog. In the sodium-replete dog, M did not affect mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate, (GFR), or urine volume (V), but reduced the urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) by 47%, and of immunoreactive PGE2 (iPGE2) by 90%. However, in the sodium-replete dog during angiotensin II infusion (3 ng . kg-1 . min-1, iv), M reduced RBF by 35%, GFR by 24%, V by 72%, and iPGE2 by 94%. Similarly, in the sodium-deprived dog M reduced RBF by 34%, GFR by 28%, and iPGE2 excretion by 89%. However, M did not affect RBF or GFR in the sodium-deprived dog during infusion of [Sar1-Ala8]angiotensin II (6 microgram . kg-1 . min-1, iv), although iPGE2 excretion was reduced by 84%. This study demonstrates that the effects of M on renal hemodynamics in the dog vary with the state of sodium balance and suggests that a prostaglandin(s) contributes to maintenance of renal blood flow during activation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6999916 TI - Substrate-turnover interrelationships in fasting neonatal dogs. AB - Substrate-turnover relationships were determined in unanesthetized healthy fasted neonatal dogs during the first day of life. Pups were born at term by cesarean section to starved or control mothers. Pups born to starved mothers developed significantly lower blood glucose concentrations during neonatal fasting. In all pups, blood glucose concentrations during neonatal fasting. In all pups, blood glucose concentrations correlated to glucose utilization (r = 0.462, P < 0.001). Blood lactate concentration was significantly related to its turnover. The relationship between lactate turnover and lactate carbon appearance into glucose was significantly correlated. However, the relationship between lactate concentration and its carbon incorporation into glucose was only significant at 24 h of age in pups born to starved mothers. These data suggest that the neonatal dog is capable of regulating its glucose and lactate utilization by the availability of substrate. Because peripheral insulin levels correlated poorly to fasting blood glucose and glucose turnover; it is doubtful whether insulin secretion plays a significant role in fasting neonatal canine glucose homeostasis. PMID- 6999918 TI - Depression as expressed in pre-Columbian Mexican art. AB - While undertaking a larger study dealing with representations of disease in pre Columbian ceramic figures, the authors found four figures in which depression was clearly depicted. Their findings prove that psychiatric disorders did not go unnoticed by the people who inhabited the American continent before the arrival of the Spanish. PMID- 6999919 TI - Acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase activities in anxiety. PMID- 6999920 TI - Anaplastic variants of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a light-microscopic and immunohistochemical study. AB - Three unusual cases of anaplastic medullary thyroid crcinoma, two having small cell characteristics and one having the features of an anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma, were encountered during a review of 110 cases of familial and sporadic medullary carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase demonstration of calcitonin within tumor cells in these three cases enabled differentiation of the two small cell variants from lymphoma or other small cell carcinomas, and differentiation of the anaplastic giant-cell variant from other giant cell carcinomas of the thyroid. Although the existence of small cell carcinomas of the thyroid gland has been questioned, this study shows that small cell carcinomas of the thyroid gland do exist and that at least some are variants of medullary carcinoma. Whereas previous immunohistochemical studies have been successfully employed in defining the spectrum of C-cell proliferative disorders and in understanding the evolution of medullary thyroid carcinoma, this study demonstrates the value of these techniques in diagnostic pathology. Immunoperoxidase staining can be successfully used in differentiating unusual variants of medullary carcinoma from other thyroid tumors. PMID- 6999921 TI - Long-term results of saphenous vein graft arteriovenous fistulas. AB - The long-term results of autogenous saphenous vein grafts for vascular access were examined in 70 patients. The cumulative patency rate was 66 percent at 2 years and 40 percent at 3 years. No difference could be detected in the occlusion rate of grafts in patients who received a kidney transplant and those who did not. Intraoperative measurement of blood flow through the grafts did not prove useful as an indicator of long-term patency. No deaths were attributable to the grafts, and major complications were limited to infection in three patients and distal ischemia in two; these complications necessitated ligation of the graft in all five patients. PMID- 6999922 TI - New technique of total pancreatectomy without duodenectomy in the dog. AB - Total pancreatectomy without duodenectomy is described in the dog. The technique is based on the recognition of an anatomic cutting line between the two peritoneal layers overlying the duodenopancreas in the dog. This allows selective suppression of the pancreatic vascular supply and anatomic dissection between the pancreas and the duodenum. Complete pancreatectomy is indicated by hyperglycemia, absence of detectable serum insulin, abnormal glucose tolerance tests and short survival time due to metabolic conditions. No surgical complication was noted, and this reliable model is proposed for experimental pancreatic transplantation studies. PMID- 6999923 TI - Invagination of the hernial sac stump. Technique for repair of inguinal hernia. AB - A technique for repair of indirect inguinal hernia is presented. The hernial sac stump is invaginated in an attempt to secure high ligation of the sac and obliterate any residual peritoneal diverticulum. Four hundred forty-two patients were operated on. The technique consists essentially of division of the internal spermatic fascial tube at the neck as well as embedding of the sac stump by purse string sutures in a narrow neck of Lembert sutures in a wide neck. The defect in the fascia transversalis is closed over the stump. Three hundred eighty-one patients were followed up 2 to 15 years, with a recurrence rate of 1.6 percent. The concept that in indirect hernia the problem involves the sac rather than the defect is put forward. Recurrence results essentially from the existence of a handmade sac rather than an improperly repaired defect. The role of invagination of the sac in securing complete excision of the sac and proper closure of the defect is discussed. In initiating recurrence, the part played by the redundant peritoneum deep to the internal ring is emphasized. Changes in the dynamics of intraabdominal tension induced by stump embedding are explained. PMID- 6999924 TI - John Allan Wyeth, MD. Surgeon, soldier, author and founder of postgraduate medical education in America. AB - John Allan Wyeth, surgeon, soldier and author, received his medical training during the era immediately after the Civil War. After realizing the inadequacy of American medical education. Wyeth sought to establish a system of postgraduate medical instruction in the United States. The New York Polyclinic, founded in 1882, was the first facility to provide such training in America and was an important factor in the movement to revolutionize the teaching and practice of medicine and surgery in this country. Wyeth's other contributions include a classic textbook of surgery, the development of numerous surgical procedures, narratives of battles and leaders of the Civil War, and progressive leadership in prominent medical organizations of the period. PMID- 6999925 TI - A safer and more reliable operative technique for esophageal reconstruction using a gastric tube. AB - A safer and more reliable method of esophageal reconstruction, using a gastric tube, is described. Th procedure to create an elongated gastric tube involves separate cutting of the seromuscular and mucosal layer along the line extending parallel to and 4 cm from the greater curvature of the stomach. The end of the cervical esophagus is anastomosed to the posterior wall of the gastric tube in end-to-side fashion. In addition, circumferential cutting of the seromuscular layer of the gastric tube about 5 cm from the anastomotic line is performed to avoid tension resulting from postoperative shrinkage of the gastric tube due to muscle contraction. Combination of these methods resulted in compete elimination of anastomotic leakage. PMID- 6999926 TI - Microvascular reconstruction of the mandible. AB - Five microvascular reconstructions of the mandible were performed in the past 2 years. One dorsalis pedis osteocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge and four groin osteocutaneous flaps were used for various defects of the mandible. Free microvascular bone grafts were found useful in previously irradiated fields, in anterior arch reconstruction, and in patients with massive soft tissue and bone loss. PMID- 6999928 TI - Wooden foreign bodies in the foot. AB - Wooden foreign body injuries are difficult to diagnose and treat. Three patients who had a common wooden toothpick in the foot are presented. Two patients could recall a puncture injury and one patient could not. Roentgenography and numerous visits to several physicians did not detect the wood, which was only found during careful surgical exploration. Removal of the foreign body is required to treat the inflammatory reaction it produces. PMID- 6999929 TI - Scanning electron microscopic aspects of the vitreous body: technique of preparation. PMID- 6999927 TI - Improvement of impaired leukocyte migration inhibition by thymosin in patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma. AB - In a preliminary study of the effects of SK-SD and thymosin on leukocyte migration inhibition in patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, the cancer patients had significantly lower leukocyte migration inhibition of SK SD than normal subjects. Thymosin increased the inhibition to SK-SD in the cancer patients to levels similar to those in normal subjects, and decreased the inhibition in normal subjects. These results confirm and extend the results of previous studies of the effects of thymosin in vitro, which show restoration of immune reactivity in patients with impaired cellular immunity and either no effect or a decrease in immune reactivity in subjects with normal cellular immunity. These combined observations provide a rationale for determining the clinical effects of thymosin in immunoincompetent patients with head and neck cancer and suggest that immunorestorative agents such as thymosin be used with caution in patients with normal cellular immunity. PMID- 6999930 TI - "Optimal" regulation of mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6999933 TI - [Maternal risk from general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - It may be presumed that in 1979, 150 maternal deaths will occur in obstetrics (0.27 per 1000) in the Fed. Rep. of Germany, 40% of which will be due to caesarean sections. From 30% to 50% of this maternal death rate, must be related in one or another aspect to general or local anaesthesia. The maternal morbidity rate may be even higher, because 500,000 parturients a year are treated with caesarean sections, and up to 50% of all parturients with epidural anaesthesia. General anesthesia as well as regional anaesthesia can be maternal risk factors, due to hypoxia or hypercarbia, due to hyper- or hypotension, arrhythmias, inferior vena cava occlusion etc. By endotracheal intubation adequate ventilation can be guaranteed and mothers may be protected from aspiration; the same procedure can also be responsible for hypoxic death or aspiration. Water electrolyte balance and metabolism carry maternal risks, when inadequate substitution is performed or when fluid and electrolytes are administered in excess, together with modern obstetric drugs. Anaesthesists as well as obstetricians should be aware of the increased maternal risk from general or local anaesthesia. The maternal risk should be minimized. This can either be achieved if experienced anaesthesists only are responsible for obstetric anaesthesia (general as well as epidural, spinal etc.) if anaesthesia (general as well as local) is not considered as a comfortable service only but a strictly indicated medical procedure, and if new methods are developed to overcome the particular maternal risk in some regard. PMID- 6999931 TI - Do changes in lung compliance allow the determination of "optimal PEEP"? PMID- 6999932 TI - The development of haemoglobin preparations for various indications. AB - The investigational concepts and experimental results of several research groups cooperating on haemoglobin solutions are reviewed over a ten years' period of time. Starting with solutions of stroma-cleared, nearly unaltered human erythrocyte haemoglobin they recognized the disadvantages of a high oxygen affinity, on one hand, and a short intravascular half-life on the other. The former drawback was first compensated by attempts to raise the 2,3-diphospho glycerate level (Hb-DPG). Later on, better results were achieved by chemical modification of the free haemoglobin with pyrodixal-phospate. This type of pyridoxal-phosphate modified haemoglobin (HbPP) gained particular interest for myocardial perfusion. In order to prolong the intravascular efficiency of preparations to be infused into the central circulation, the pyridoxal-phosphate modified haemoglobin molecules were increased in size by intermolecular cross linkage (HbHbPP). Possible clinical applications are argued of either type, HbPP and HbHbPP, respectively. PMID- 6999935 TI - [Altered pharmacokinetics of anaesthetic agents in liver disease during anaesthesia and surgery and intensive-care treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999934 TI - [Anaesthesia for the severe burn patient (author's transl)]. AB - By means of medical records, anaesthesia protocols and autopsy reports on 59 severely burnt patients of all age and risk groups, the three anaesthetic procedures mainly used in this group of patients-NLA, inhalation narcosis with halothane and Ketamine mono-anaesthesia-were retrospectively compared with regard to intra-operative complications and mortality. All the patients were in the initial phase of the treatment of burns, and had to undergo a variety of surgical interventions; these included changes of dressing, tracheotomy, necrotomy and skin grafts. Special pathophysiological problems of burns with particular consideration of the cardiocascular system, the lungs, the kidneys, and the electrolyte and acid-base balance are pointed out. Attention is drawn to the decisive importance of "preanaesthetic management" and to the specific technical problems of anaesthesia in patients suffering from burns. Each of the anaesthetic procedures discussed proved to be fundamentally suitable for the anaesthesia of persons suffering from very severe burns. Each of the anaesthetic procedures discussed proved to be fundamentally suitable for the anaesthesia of persons suffering from very severe burns. It should be left to the individual to decide which procedure in his experience should be preferred for a particular case. PMID- 6999936 TI - Clinical pharmacology of local anaesthetics. PMID- 6999937 TI - Drugs in obstetric anaesthesia. AB - From the anaesthetist's viewpoint, pharmacokinetics of pregnancy, drugs affecting uterine muscle tension and foetal effects of anaesthetic drugs are reviewed. PMID- 6999939 TI - Sixteenth Embley memorial lecture. Computers or clinical signs? PMID- 6999938 TI - Vasodilator drugs: systemic and regional considerations. AB - Therapeutic use of vasodilator drugs depends on the differential actions of these drugs on regional vascular beds. These differences include selective action on small and large arteries, differential potency on arterial and venous smooth muscle, and selectivity for autonomic receptors. The directly acting sodium nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate exemplify many of these differences as well as shared effects in the systemic, coronary and cerebral circulations. PMID- 6999942 TI - Improved purification of acyl carrier protein. PMID- 6999940 TI - The first anaesthetic in Australia. PMID- 6999941 TI - Methods for growth of cultured cells in serum-free medium. PMID- 6999943 TI - The purification of methionine sulfoxide reductase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6999944 TI - Preparative separation of DNA--ethidium bromide complexes by zonal density gradient centrifugation. PMID- 6999945 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system. Physiological importance. Methods and study in humans (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief review of the biochemistry of the renin-angiotensin system (R. A. S.) components and of their pharmacological inhibitors, the authors describe the main biological effects of angiotensins. A particular emphasis is given to the synergistic effects of the sympathetic nervous system and of the R. A. S., and their major influence on the regulation of hydromineral metabolism and blood pressure. The methods developed for the study of R. A. S. are critically described. Finally, the most important clinical indications of the study of R. A. S. activity are given, and a special attention is paid to the conditions in which such a study must be developed in humans. PMID- 6999946 TI - Physostigmine antagonizes ketamine. AB - In a random cross-over double-blind trial, the effects of intravenous physostigmine salicylate (2.0 mg) and placebo were observed in seven healthy volunteers 10 minutes after the intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg of ketamine. Recovery time was significantly shorter after physostigmine than after placebo. Nystagmus and blurred vision, which followed ketamine anesthesia, disappeared more rapidly when physostigmine was given. This study confirms previous observations that physostigmine counteracts some of the manifestation of ketamine aftereffects which resemble the so-called central anticholinergic syndrome. Nausea and vomiting were significantly more frequent after physostigmine administration. PMID- 6999947 TI - Goal-directed therapy of acute respiratory failure. AB - Three hundred fifteen consecutive patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) were treated to the same end point. Based on blood gas determination, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was added in incremental steps to either maintain or reduce intrapulmonary shunt to 15%. Mean optimal PEEP level was 15.3 +/- 9.2 cm H2O. Duration of PEEP was 4.0 days, and mechanical ventilatory support was necessary 2.2 days. Overall mortality was 28% (88/315); 1% (3/315) died or refractory failure. The final optimal PEEP level did not correlate with length of interventions, fluid requirements, mortality, or final attained shunt value. Goal directed therapy was not only effective in achieving a low mortality from acute respiratory failure, but permits a valid comparison between patients of the severity of respiratory dysfunction. That comparison is based on magnitude and length of interventions required to attain preselected therapeutic end points. PMID- 6999948 TI - Optimization of arterial oxygenation during one-lung anesthesia. PMID- 6999949 TI - Effects of halothane on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose oxidation in isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - Previous studies have shown that halothane inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This study was designed to determine whether the mechanism of inhibition involves a reduction in glucose metabolism. The effects of halothane on glucose (16.7 mM)-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose oxidation were studied in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Halothane, 0.11 mM (0.5 MAC), 0.22 mM (1.0 MAC), and 0.33 mM (1.5 MAC), inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release in a dose-related manner by 5.2 per cent (NS), 21.0 per cent (P < 0.05), and 32.6 per cent (P < 0.01), respectively. At the 0.33 mM (1.5 MAC) concentration, halothane did not significantly inhibit the oxidation of 6-14C-glucose to 14CO2, although higher concentrations of halothane did result in significant inhibition. The data suggest that halothane's inhibitory effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is not due to interference with glucose oxidation. PMID- 6999952 TI - The control of hypertension: a therapeutic breakthrough. PMID- 6999951 TI - Intraoperative hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing mixed-cell intraportal autotransplantation of pancreatic tissue. PMID- 6999950 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. AB - In MH, skeletal muscle acutely and unexpectedly increases its oxygen consumption and lactate production, resulting in greater heat production, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, muscle ridigity, sympathetic stimulation, and increased cellular permeability. The best-accepted theory is that MH is due to an inability to control calcium concentrations within the muscle fiber, and may involve a generalized alteration in cellular or subcellular membrane permeability. Episodes are predictably initiated in susceptible people and swine by potent volative anethetic agents or succinylcholine. In addition, in swine, MH is consistently triggered by excitement, apprehension, exercise, or environmental stress such as heat or hypoxia. Several genetic factors probably control the human and porcine inheritance of MH. Sympathetic involvement in MH, while controversial, is probably a response to stress that affects blood flow, heat loss, and myocardial function, rather than a direct sympathetic activation of susceptible muscle. Diagnosis is based upon extraordinary temperature and acid-base and muscle aberrations. Specific treatment is the action of dantrolene upon muscle calcium movements; sympatomatic treatment is by reversal of acid-base and temperature changes. Evaluation of affected families is guided by measurements of circulating creatine phosphokinase and by analysis of drug-induced contractures in muscle biopsy specimens. Anesthesia for susceptible patients includes thiopental, opiates, droperidol, pancuronium, nitrous oxide, and preoperative oral doses of dantrolene. PMID- 6999953 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. VI. Multivariate distributions and matrix notation. AB - To represent multivariate data, matrix notation is required. Its equivalence to the arithmetic notation is shown with a bivariate example. With matrix notation one can then readily represent and evaluate multivariate data sets; however, most multivariate procedures require that one find that inverse of the variance covariance matrix. This is shown using the Cholesky factorization with a numerical example. PMID- 6999954 TI - [Use of Autobac system in the study of the bacteriostatic effect of combinations of antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - After determining the LSI80 (light scattering index 80) concentration X and Y of two antibiotics for a given bacteria by an automated light scatter photometric method, we use the same process to test the bacteriostatic effect of all the combinations between the values 2X, X, X/2, X/4, X/8 and 2Y, Y, Y/2, Y/4, Y/8. The results read on the light scatter photometer are interpreted: - approximatealy by means of a simplified schematic diagram; --more precisely by drawing three curves: we begin with two inhibiton curves in order to determine the LSI50 concentrations (CLSI50) of each antibiotic, isolted and in the presence of defined concentrations of the complementary antibiotic; then from these CLSI50 we draw the bacteriostatic effect curve of the combination. When the LSI50 effect of the combination occurs with less than 50% of the CLSI50 of each isolated antibiotic, the combination is synergistic. It is antagonist if the bacteriostase is obtained with more than 100% of the CLSI50 of each isolated antibiotic. The intermediate percentages determine the indifferent effects. The additive effects come to an equilateral hyperbola passing through the points 50%-50%, 25%-75%. The Autobac system allows inoculum standardization, very simplified handlihg and automatic reading. It takes only 9 h to handle the complete process, including the determinations of the CLSI80 and the study of the combination. There is a high correlation between the results obtained and those given by the Patte and Chabbert "carre method". PMID- 6999955 TI - [Rapid detection and identification of plasmids belonging to the H incompatibility group and infecting epidemic strains of "Salmonella typhi-murium" (author's transl)]. AB - Among 150 strains of Salmonella of various serotypes and from different origins, 64 are resistant to K2TeO3 10(-4) M. In these strains Te resistance always coded by R plasmids which are members of the H incompatibility group. This type of plasmids are very easy to detect and to identify. We suggest that resistance to Te should be examined routinely for Salmonella. PMID- 6999956 TI - [Procedure of standardization of Chlamydiae suspensions (author's transl)]. AB - The enumeration of a chlamydiae suspension can be achieved by the addition of a standardized shigella suspension; the two cell populations, after coloration with acridine, are counted in microdrops. This procedure permits to plot a turbidity curve. PMID- 6999957 TI - [Significance of vascular fluorescence of superficial and mid-dermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999958 TI - [Seronegative polyarthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and bullous eruptions]. PMID- 6999959 TI - [Micropenis: survey of 88 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999961 TI - [The cursed child]. PMID- 6999962 TI - [Uses and limits of radiotracers in the study of drugs and xenobiotics metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999960 TI - [Somatomedins and allied peptides (author's transl)]. PMID- 6999963 TI - As I remember. T. P. Kilner. PMID- 6999965 TI - [Value of skin grafts in microsurgical practice]. PMID- 6999964 TI - A direct fluoroimmunoassay for conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid using antibody coupling to magnetisable particles. AB - A novel solid phase fluoroimmunoassay for conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid has been developed employing an antiserum coupled to magnetisable cellulose particles and a chenodeoxycholyl glycinefluorescein thiocarbamyl ethylene diamine conjugate as the label. The data obtained from serum samples from 25 patients correlated closely (r = 0.99) with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. The assay is rapid (30 minutes), simple, and ideal for routine clinical purposes. PMID- 6999966 TI - [Amputation of the tip of the nose by bites]. PMID- 6999967 TI - [Value of the combination of early excision-graft, kinesitherapy and Jobst compressive gloves in the treatment of burned hands. Preliminary analysis of 62 excised hands]. PMID- 6999968 TI - [Use in plastic surgery of a new material Opsite, for adhesive sutures. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6999969 TI - Adjuvant levamisole in the treatment of patients with resectable lung cancer. PMID- 6999970 TI - Liver specific autoimmunity and chronic liver disease--an enigmatic relationship. AB - Refinements in techniques for identifying liver specific immune responses have currently aroused considerable interest in the role of such immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic disorders. Presence of antibodies against liver cell membrane was tested for in 242 samples of serum and in 86 liver biopsies from patients with liver diseases as well as from controls. Indirect immunofluorescence tests on isolated rabbit hepatocytes and on human liver cells from biopsies respectively were carried out. In the serum, antibody was detected in 16 per cent, several of these cases belonging to the category of recovering acute viral hepatitis and some to chronic hepatitis or to other liver disorders. Serum HBsAg status in these antibody carriers vary. Antibodies on liver cell membrane were detected in approximately 25 per cent cases of hepatitis. The distribution among different cases were like in case of serum positivity. The pathogenetic role of these antibodies in initiation or progression of disease appears doubtful. It is possible that presence of these antibodies merely represents an immune response following liver injury and may not be responsible in causing acute or chronic liver disease. PMID- 6999971 TI - Trends in clinical science. PMID- 6999972 TI - Latex agglutination test for rapid detection of bacterial antigens in body fluids. AB - A modified latex agglutination (LA) test performed on glass slides was evaluated for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn), Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and K1 antigens in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nasopharyngeal secretions, and other body fluids in patients suspected of having infection. Forty-eight, 61, and 31 specimens were tested for the presence of Pn, Hib, and K1 antigens, respectively, by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and LA. Of the specimens positive by CIE or LA, 16 of 28 specimens (57 percent) were positive for Pn antigen by CIE while all 16 (100 percent) were positive by LA. LA was unique in detecting type 7 and 14 Pn antigens which are not detected by CIE. Twenty-seven of 37 specimens (73 percent) were positive for Hib by CIE, while all (100 percent) were positive by LA. LA test (11 of 11) was superior (p < 0.002) to CIE (4 of 11) in detecting Hib antigens on patients with nonmeningitic Hib diseases (cellulitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia). Sensitivity of CIE and LA were identical in detecting K1 (5 of 5) antigen. LA is a simple, sensitive and specific test for the detection of Pn, Hib, and K1 antigens in various body fluids. PMID- 6999973 TI - Enzyme defects in hereditary porphyria. AB - Heme is an important prosthetic group for proteins concerned with energy metabolism. All cells in the body probably make heme, but nucleated erythroid and hepatic cells have been studied the most. Feedback control of heme formation differs in the red cells and in the liver. About eight enzymes have a place in the formation of heme. Defects in the enzyme pathways may be the result of genetic abnormalities and phenotypically occur as hereditary porphyrias. If the major defect occurs in the red cell line, erythropoietic porphyrias occur; if the liver has the major defect, than hepatic porphyrias are present. There are probably three erythropoietic porphyrias and four hepatic porphyrias which are genetically determined. However, some are not clearly classified,--with erythropoietic protoporphyria involving hepatic and erythroid cells and porphyria cutanea tarda not being a clear cut genetic abnormality, at least some of the time. Elucidation of the genetic enzymatic defects introduces new diagnostic tools and also has led to at least one revolutionary new treatment for some hepatic porphyrias. PMID- 6999974 TI - Lead toxicity and heme biosynthesis. AB - Lead intoxication results in a disturbance of heme biosynthesis, its degree depending on the severity and duration of exposure to lead. A mild secondary, sideroblastic anemia is common; basophilic stippling may occur, especially in severe lead poisoning. Increased excretion in the urine of delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin III may occur; porphobilinogen excretion is not usually increased. Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, coproporphyrin oxidase, and ferrochelatase activities are reduced; delta-aminolevulinate synthetase activity is increased. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP and ZPP) is increased. Recent knowledge of the heme biosynthetic enzymes is reviewed and the significance of FEP and ZPP discussed. A brief history is given of the relationship of lead toxicity to the porphyrins. PMID- 6999975 TI - List of members of the Society for the Study of Human Biology. PMID- 6999976 TI - The multisensory physiological and pathological vertigo syndromes. PMID- 6999977 TI - [Population genetics and etho-historical considerations of the uniqueness of the Prasun Kafirs and the Kalash (central Hindu Kush) with regard to the ABO blood group system]. AB - An attempt has been made to interpret the quite rare distribution pattern of ABO blood group genes (p > 0.5000, q < 0.1000 and r < 0.5000) among the Prasun Kafirs and the Kalsh of the central Hindu Kush from the point of view of population genetics and ethnohistory. If we consider the different age groups of the Prasun sample it will be observed that there is a marked increase in the frequency of blood group gene A and a corresponding decrease in blood group gene O as we proceed from older to younger age groups. These changes cna be readily explained on the basis of a prenatal selection through mother-child incompatibility. Because of the relatively small starting value of r < 0.5 a selection takes place against O, resulting in an increase of the blood group gene A. The differences in the gene frequencies among the various age groups are so large that apart from mother-child incompatibility other selective factors may have been involved, as for example the smallpox epidemics in the 1930's and in the beginning of the 1940's. Moreover, significant differences in blood group distribution were secured between the upper and lower valley samples which do not accord with the close marital relationships and the relatively long history of the settlement. It must be assumed therefore that particularly the greater frequency of the blood group gene B in the lower portion of the valley is to be attributed to marital relationships with other Kafir tribes or other ethnic groups (Pathans) which have become more frequent since the islamization at the end of the last century. In the case of the Kalash an age and regional differentiation is only possible to a limited extent. Nevertheless it must be assumed that the extremely high A frequency and the lower O and B frequencies are caused by the same genetic and ethnohistorical factors as it is the case with the Prasun Kafirs. PMID- 6999978 TI - [Microorganism resistance to tetracycline]. PMID- 6999979 TI - Incidence of R-plasmids in fecal flora of healthy household dogs. AB - Rectal swabs were taken from healthy household dogs that, insofar as could be determined, had not received antimicrobial drugs. Tetracycline-resistant coliforms comprised 80 to 100% of the total number of coliforms in 61 (65%) of the 94 dogs sampled. The median number of other resistance determinants possessed by these tetracycline-resistant coliforms was 5.1. Of the tetracycline-resistant strains studied, 97% were resistant to streptomycin; 76% were resistant to sulfonamides; 59% were resistant to ampicillin; 59% were resistant to kanamycin/neomycin; and 40% were resistant to chloramphenicol. A total of 64% of the strains was shown to transfer resistance by conjugation or by the aid of the sex factor F. Of the strains transferring resistance, 33% were found to transfer all of their resistance determinants. PMID- 6999982 TI - Resistance to adriamycin cytotoxicity among respiratory-deficient mutants in yeast. AB - Saccharomyces cell uptake of Adriamycin and the ensuing cytotoxic response were found to be dependent upon the ionic strength of the medium used for drug treatment. A given concentration of Adriamycin which inhibited growth in complete medium ws found to be significantly cytotoxic when administered in water. Many survivors after Adriamycin treatment in water were found to be respiratory deficient petite mutants containing mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutations. Petite mutants arising after Adriamycin treatment were not induced but selected from the preexisting population of spontaneously derived petite mutants (normal frequency, 2%) due to an increased resistance of these mutants to killing by Adriamycin as compared with normal respiratory-sufficient cells. The responses to Adriamycin in mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid respiratory-deficient mutants (rho-, rho degrees, mit-) with different impaired mitochondrial functions was studied. All were similarly more resistant to killing by Adriamycin than wild type cells. The common deficiency shared by these mutants, i.e., nonfunctioning electron transport, may play a role in protecting these mutants from Adriamycin cytotoxicity. In addition, normal cells grown on glycerol, requiring aerobic respiration for carbon source utilization were more susceptible to killing by Adriamycin than cells grown on glucose. These studies suggest that a mitochndrial function in yeast may interact with Adriamycin to potentiate a cell cytotoxic mechanism of the drug. PMID- 6999981 TI - Randomized trial of high- and low-dose ampicillin therapy for treatment of severe dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. AB - To establish optimal therapy for severe dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Shigella flexneri, we compared in a prospective randomized trial two oral ampicillin doses (50 and 150 mg/kg per day) in 57 children and 39 adults in Dacca, Bangladesh. Clinical failure did not occur in either group, indicating that conventional doses need not be increased even in severe disease. Among children 3 years of age or under, bacteriological relapses tended to be more frequent in the low-dose group and were not related to serum levels of ampicillin, nutritional status, or the severity of colitis on admission. Therefore, we recommend that younger children be treated with 100 mg/kg per day of oral ampicillin. PMID- 6999980 TI - Parameters controlling interbacterial plasmid spreading in a gnotoxenic chicken gut system: influence of plasmid and bacterial mutations. AB - Conjugative transfer of R plasmids R64 and R64drd-11 has been compared in vitro and in vivo without selective pressure by antibiotics in a simplified experimental system; the ecosystem was the bowel of germfree chickens, with the host bacteria almost isogenic, and the plasmids differing only in their conjugative transfer frequency. The spread of repressed and derepressed (drd) R plasmids in recipient bacterial populations was very extensive. The repressed phenotype had only a transient effect during the first 4 h. The level of implantation of the donor bacterial population seems to be of minor importance. Only with a poor recipient (con strain) could the spread of R plasmids be reduced and a steady state with a predominantly sensitive bacterial population be established. It is suggested that this steady state results from an equilibrium between the frequencies of R plasmid transfer and loss. PMID- 6999983 TI - Experimental respiratory tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice: chemotherapy with kanamycin. AB - Such factors as suspending medium, operating pressure, exposure time, inoculum size, and strain, sex, age, and weight of the animals were examined for their effects on the development of respiratory tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. The suspending medium was one of the most important factors. Aerosol challenge with a 10(9) colony-forming units per ml resulted in deposition of 10(4) colony-forming units of the organisms in the lung. The numbers of organisms in the lung increased rapidly, and by 30 h, a well-developed pneumonia was apparent. All the mice died within 4 days after infection. The therapeutic effectiveness of single-dose kanamycin regimens decreased markedly with a delay in administration. The effectiveness of multi-dose kanamycin regimens was influenced by the frequency of dosage. Thus a 12-h dosage schedule was superior to a 24-h regimen. Administration of 20 mg of kanamycin per kg at 12 h intervals for 10 days, initiated 30 h after infection, provided a complete cure. The infecting organisms in the lung, trachea, and blood were eradicated by the kanamycin therapy, but those in the nasal cavity were difficult to eliminate. PMID- 6999985 TI - Cephamycin C treatment of induced enterotoxigenic colibacillosis (scours) in calves and piglets. AB - Cephamycin C is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has broad gram-negative activity and is resistant to degradation by beta-lactamases and safe for use in animals. In colostrum-fed calves infected with Escherichia coli strain B44, cephamycin C administered by gavage at 31.3 to 1,000 mg per calf (0.75 to 24 mg/kg) twice a day for 6 days starting at 20 h post-inoculation eliminated the diarrhea and reduced the mortality from 90% in infected, nonmedicated calves to 14% in infected, medicated calves (P < 0.01). Comparable results were obtained with a shorter treatment regimen (30 mg of cephamycin C per calf [0.71 mg/kg] twice a day for 3 days). In colostrum-fed piglets infected with E. coli strain P155 and housed in cages, cephamycin C administered prophylactically by gavage at 12.5 mg per piglet (10.4 mg/kg) twice a day for 4 days completely prevented both diarrhea and mortality, whereas nonmedicated piglets had 100% diarrhea and all died. When eight doses of cephamycin C were given therapeutically starting at 6 h post inoculation, mortality was reduced from 79 to 23% (P < 0.02), and diarrhea was eliminated in the surviving medicated piglets by 4 days post-inoculation. In infected suckling piglets, cephamycin C administered therapeutically by gavage at 12.5 mg per piglet twice a day for 3 days starting at 6 h post-inoculation, diarrhea and mortality were reduced (P < 0.05): infected, nonmedicated piglets had 87% diarrhea and 75% mortality, whereas infected, medicated piglets had 25% diarrhea and 31% mortality. All surviving medicated piglets had solid feces by 2 days post-inoculation. Thus, cephamycin C was highly effective in restoring the calves and piglets to good health by eliminating diarrhea and reducing mortality. PMID- 6999984 TI - New in vitro kinetic model for evaluating bactericidal efficacy of antibiotics. AB - A new in vitro model was devised for evaluating the bactericidal activity of antibiotics under dynamic conditions. This model accurately reproduced the observed serum levels of antibiotics after intravenous dosing. The apparatus consists of two vessels which correspond to the central and peripheral compartments of a two-compartment open model. The volume of medium in each vessel and flow rates of media were determined from the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the observed serum levels selected for simulation. The bactericidal activity of cefazolin against strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showing different minimal inhibitory concentrations was investigated with the apparatus simulating serum levels after intravenous injection, and the bactericidal activity was evaluated with respect to the relationship between the minimal inhibitory concentration and the serum levels. PMID- 6999986 TI - pJT2: unusual H1 plasmid in a highly virulent lactose-positive and chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strain from calves. AB - A lactose-positive and chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium of high virulence was isolated from an outbreak of enteric and septicemic salmonellosis in veal calves. the lactose-positive marker was located on an H1 plasmid, pJT2, together with resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, pJT2 was unusually large and had a molecular weight of about 150 X 10(6). A similar plasmid was also present in a third of the Escherichia coli strains isolated from the intestines of septicemic calves during the outbreak. Spontaneously derived Lac- derivatives of pJT2 had an approximate molecular weight of 140 X 10(6). PMID- 6999987 TI - Distribution of citrate utilization plasmids in Salmonella strains of bovine origin in Japan. AB - Attempts to detect transferable citrate-utilizing (Cit) ability in enterobacterial strains were carried out by conjugation experiments. Of 318 strains of Salmonella typhimurium and 1 strain of Salmonella bredeney isolated from cattle in Japan from 1970 to 1979, 107 (33.5%) strains contained transferable Cit characters. Most of the strains transferred the Cit characters to recipient Escherichia coli more efficiently at 28 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, indicating that their transfer of the Cit character is thermosensitive. Transferred Cit characters were found in association with drug resistance markers such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline or with mercury resistance, but Cit plasmids conferring Cit ability alone were also obtained. Of 221 conjugative Cit plasmids tested for fertility inhibition (Fi), all but 2 were Fi- and exhibited thermosensitive transfer; 2 Cit plasmids showing the Fi+ character were also isolated from 2 S. typhimurium strains. No transferable Cit character was detected from strains of Proteus, Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter spp. isolated from humans or cows in the present study. The utilization of tricarboxylic acids by strains with plasmid-borne Cit ability was examined, and two different patterns of utilization were found in the Cit+ E. coli transconjugants. PMID- 6999988 TI - Multichannel photometer-nephelometer. AB - We describe an instrument for monitoring either transmitted or scattered light intensity, or both, simultaneously on up to eight channels. The use of a laser light source (at 632.8-nm wavelength) provides high accuracy and dynamic range: optical density can be measured from 0.0004 up to 6, and a scattered light fraction down to 10(-6) can be resolved. Built-in thermostat and magnetic stirrers allow precise monitoring of aqueous microbial growth over a practical range of 4 orders of magnitude of cell concentration. PMID- 6999989 TI - Effect of different growth conditions on the discrimination of three bacteria by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. AB - High-resolution pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography was applied to three bacteria (Escherichia coli NCTC 9001, Pseudomonas putida (NCIB 9494, and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8532) grown under a variety of conditions. Changing the culture medium drastically altered the quantitative aspects of the pyrograms of all three organisms, but the effects of culture time and incubation temperature were less severe. Mathematical analysis of the relative peak heights showed that four peaks could be used to discriminate the three bacteria however they were cultured. PMID- 6999990 TI - Mutagenicity of islandicin and chrysophanol in the Salmonella/microsome system. AB - Chrysophanol and islandicin, two anthraquinones which are structurally related to emodin, were found to be frame-shift mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537 after metabolic activation. PMID- 6999991 TI - Incidence of R factors in coliform, fecal coliform, and Salmonella populations of the Red River in Canada. AB - Coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Salmonella were isolated from the Red River, Manitoba, Canada, and identified. These organisms were then examined for resistance to 12 antibiotics. Some fecal coliforms were resistant to all 12 antibiotics, and 18% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. A total of 52.9% of the fecal coliforms resistant to three or more antibiotics were able to transfer single or multiple resistance (R) determinants to the Salmonella recipient, and 40.7% could transfer R determinants to the Escherichia coli recipient. Of the resistant Salmonella, 57% transferred one or two determinants to the Salmonella recipient, and 39% transferred one or two determinants to the E. coli recipient. It was calculated that populations of fecal coliforms containing R factors were as high as 1,400 per 100 ml and that an accidental intake of a few milliliters of water could lead to transient or permanent colonization of the digestive tract. Consideration of data on bacteria with R factors should be made in future water quality deliberations and in discharge regulations. PMID- 6999993 TI - Virulence prediction of Yersinia enterocolitica by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) was used to differentiate between HeLa cell-invasive and noninvasive strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and between Sereny-positive and -negative strains. A temperature-programmed gas-liquid chromatograph, equipped with a high-resolution Carbowax 20M coated capillary column, separated the volatiles from pyrolyzed whole cells preparations and cell wall fractions. The resulting pyrolysis elution patterns (pyrograms) were divided into 313 30-s time interval areas. The time interval areas were normalized in relation to the entire pyrogram area and were evaluated by stepwise linear discriminant analysis. The results of the PGLC-statistical analyses showed good correlation in prediction of the HeLa cell invasivity test. The technique of PGLC coupled with statistical analyses is objective, in contrast to traditional methods of determining pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica. PMID- 6999992 TI - Heat resistance of the chemical resistance forms of Clostridium botulinum 62A spores over the water activity range 0 to 0.9. AB - Having available the separate chemical resistance forms of Clostridium botulinum 62A spores from an investigation of the effect of spore form on wet heat resistance and also a method for measuring heat resistance at known water activities over the whole water activity (aw) range, we measured the heat resistance of these preparations at four different temperatures at each aw interval of 0.1 from aw 0 to aw 0.9. The required temperature dependence of resistance was calculated for each aw increment. The spore forms showed a low resistance at aw values of 0 and 0.7 of 0.9, with a rise in resistance in the range aw 0.1 to 0.5. The temperature dependence values behaved similarly. PMID- 6999995 TI - Purification and characterization of polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase involved in the bacterial metabolism of polyethylene glycol. AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) dehydrogenase in crude extracts of a PEG 20,000 utilizing mixed culture was purified 24 times by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, solubilization with laurylbetaine, and chromatography with diethylamino ethyl-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme was confirmed to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme, which appeared to consist of four identical subunits, was 2.4 X 10(5). The enzyme was stable below 35 degrees C and in the pH range of 7.5 to 9.0. The optimum pH and temperature of the activity were around 8.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme did not require any metal ions for activity and oxidized various kinds of PEGs, among which PEG 6,000 was the most active substrate. The apparent Km values for tetraethylene glycol and PEG 6,000 were about 10.0 and 3.0 mM, respectively. PMID- 6999994 TI - Adherence as a method of differentiating virulent and avirulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Usually only Kanagawa-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are considered virulent; yet, a significant portion of V. parahaemolyticus food poisonings appear to be caused by Kanagawa-negative strains. Therefore, additional and more accurate measurements of a strain's food-poisoning potential are needed. Adherence of V. parahaemolyticus to human fetal intestinal (HFI) cells in vitro seems to offer this information. All strains of V. parahaemolyticus adhered to the HFI cells, but the degree of adherence was related to a number of factors. These included the age of the culture, the strain's Kanagawa reaction and source, the length of time the bacteria were exposed to the HFI cells, and the composition of the growth medium. Cells harvested during the late log phase of growth adhered more intensely than those harvested from the late stationary phase. Virulent strains, i.e., those involved in food poisoning, were observed to have a high adherence ability regardless of their Kanagawa reaction, whereas Kanagawa-negative strains isolated from seafood exhibited weak adherence intensities. Kanagawa-positive strains isolated from seafood adhered strongly to the HFI cells. The difference between the virulent and avirulent strains was quantitative in nature, and the greatest differences in adherence intensities were observed after short (10 to 15 min) exposure times. The presence of ferric iron in the growth medium was found to increase the adherence intensities of the virulent strains. PMID- 6999997 TI - Microbiological quality of frozen shrimp and lobster tail in the retail market. AB - The microbiological quality of three frozen shrimp products and frozen lobster tail at the retail level was determined. The number of retail units of the four products examined and the geometric means for aerobic plate counts at 30 and 35 degrees C, respectively, were: 1,464 units of cooked, peeled shrimp--13,000 and 7,200 per g; 1,468 units of raw, peeled shrimp--860,000 and 300,000 per g; 1,300 units of raw, in-shell shrimp--800,000 and 300,000 per g; 1,315 units of lobster tail--140,000 and 42,000 per g. Geometric means for coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus counts for all products were < 10 per g. PMID- 6999998 TI - Delayed secondary enrichment for the isolation of salmonellae from broiler chickens and their environment. AB - Specimens collected from six broiler flocks were cultured for salmonellae by three methods. (i) For direct enrichment, the specimen was homogenized, and 1 ml of the homogenate was inoculated into tetrathionate-brillant green broth; (ii) for preenrichment, liquid specimens and homogenates were incubated at 37 degrees C, and on the next day 1 ml was inoculated into tetrathionate-brillant green broth; and (iii) for delayed secondary enrichment, incubated preenrichment cultures were held at room temperature for 7 to 10 days and then subcultured to fresh tetrathionate-brilliant green broth. All tetrathionate-brilliant green broth cultures were incubated at 42 degrees C for 24 to 48 h before plating. Significantly more isolations of salmonellae were obtained by delayed secondary enrichment than by direct enrichment or preenrichment. Salmonellae were isolated from 417 of 2,283 (18.3%) samples of litter, intestinal contents, and feces cultured by all three methods. Of these positive specimens, direct enrichment detected 208 (49.9%), preenrichment detected 282 (67.6%), and delayed secondary enrichment detected 373 (89.4%). Of 896 specimens of swabs and rinse fluids that were cultured by preenrichment and delayed secondary enrichment, 259 (28.9%) yielded salmonellae. Delayed secondary enrichment detected 254 (98.1%) of these, and preenrichment detected 147 (56.8%). A total of 23 serotypes of salmonellae were identified. The greater effectiveness of delayed secondary enrichment for the isolation of salmonellae was not likely due to the selection of certain serotypes or to an increased inhibition of competing flora. PMID- 6999996 TI - R-plasmid transfer frequencies from environmental isolates of Escherichia coli to laboratory and fecal strains. AB - Multiple-drug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the water at an estuarine site. They represented about 8.3% of the total E. coli population. Fifty-five strains, representing each of the 32 resistance patterns identified, were mated with an E. coli K-12 F- strain. Matings were performed on membrane filters, and the cells were washed to remove any colicins produced by the donors. Thirty-one strains, about 5% of the mean E. coli density in the samples, transferred drug resistance and, hence, posessed conjugative R plasmids. Of these, 80% transferred drug resistance at a frequency of about 10(-4) or less. Nine environmental R+ strains were mated with three fecal recipients. The R plasmid transfer frequencies to the fecal strains from the environmental donors correlated well with those from a derepressed K-12 R+ laboratory donor. The R+ X K-12 F- lac- transconjugants from 16 environmental strains were "backcrossed" to a lac+ K-12 F- strain. All transfer frequencies were higher in the backcrosses than in the original matings from the environmental donor. Furthermore, 7 of 13 different transconjugants, which accepted plasmids at repressed frequencies of less than 10(-3), donated them at frequencies greater than 10(-2). This suggests that these were derepressed plasmids in a repressed host. PMID- 6999999 TI - Survival of two enterobacteria in feces buried in soil under field conditions. AB - Feces samples, inoculated with 10(6) Escherichia coli resistant to streptomycin and nalidixic acid and with 10(5) Salmonella typhimurium per g, were buried at five mountain field sites ranging from 2,005 to 2,730 m in elevation. Counts of each bacterium rose initially and then declined to 10(3) or 10(4) per g of feces in 8 weeks. The survival pattern was similar at all sites regardless of marked differences in elevation, soil, moisture, exposure, and vegetation. S. typhimurium numbers were consistently higher than E. coli numbers after week 3. The test encompassed most of the time that the area is snow-free and accessible for hiking. The results were judged to discredit the recommendation for shallow burial of feces and to indicate a potential health hazard under intensive use. PMID- 7000001 TI - Combined membrane filtration-electrochemical microbial detection method. AB - The electrochemical method was used successfully to detect Escherichia coli cells retained on membrane filters. Preliminary results suggest that the combined technique could be used to predict the microbial loading of water samples. PMID- 7000000 TI - Negative enrichment procedure for isolation of Legionella pneumophila from seeded cooling tower water. AB - A negative enrichment procedure was developed which was capable of isolating Legionella pneumophila directly from seeded air-conditioning cooling tower water onto laboratory media. This procedure was based on an 8-h incubation under conditions that were bactericidal to the indigenous water microflora but merely bacteriostatic to L. pneumophila. PMID- 7000002 TI - Redox mechanisms in "oxidant-dependent" hexose fermentation by Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 7000003 TI - Proteinase inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica. II. Inhibitors of subtilisin and trypsin. PMID- 7000005 TI - Aeromonas neutral protease: specificity toward extended substrates. PMID- 7000004 TI - Proteinase inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica. III. Properties and kinetics of inhibitors of papain, subtilisin, and trypsin. PMID- 7000007 TI - Changes of pyruvate dehydrogenase in brain during alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7000006 TI - Transport and metabolism of N-delta-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7000008 TI - Large cell lymphocytoma. AB - We studied nine cases of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disease that shared a distinct histologic pattern. The lesions consisted of red-to-violaceous, single or clustered, deep papules or nodules. They proved to be benign on long-term evaluation. Nodular infiltrates of large, pleomorphic lymphocytes, sometimes appearing to be histiocytic and often associated with frequent mitoses, led to the diagnosis of lymphoma or reticulum cell sarcoma in seven of the cases. Sharply marginated, dense clusters of small lymphocytes surrounded or infiltrated the large cell component, a juxtaposition that characterizes large cell lymphocytoma. This pattern was not found in patients with progressive malignant lymphoma. At times, multiple biopsies must be done to establish the diagnosis. All patients are alive, and none has malignant lymphoma. The follow-up periods for six of the patients have been five years or longer. PMID- 7000009 TI - Bullous amyloidosis. Case report with ultrastructural studies. AB - A 51-year-old man with primary systemic amyloidosis initially manifested periorbital purpura; later, skin fragility and hemorrhagic bullae developed. The bullae healed with formation of milia. The bullae were shown by electron microscopy to result from breaks in the fragile dermal amyloid deposits well below the basal lamina. PMID- 7000010 TI - Bullous eruption of diabetes mellitus. A case with positive immunofluorescence microscopy findings. PMID- 7000011 TI - Immunological study of keratoacanthomas. AB - Twelve patients with keratoacanthoma were studied to assess the role and importance of immunological factors in tumor regression. Direct immunofluorescence was determined with immunoglobulins, complement (C3), and fibrin to estimate the deposition of these factors in the lesion area. Indirect immunofluorescence was also undertaken using pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid sera against the keratoacanthoma lesion to study the presence or absence of tissue-specific antigens (T.S.A.) in intercellular substance and basement membrane. Finally, the cell-mediated immunity was studied using two in vitro parameters: (a) The estimation of T-lymphocytes through the formation of E rosettes and (b) the estimation of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF). Our findings show that specific humoral immune mechanisms are apparently not involved in the spontaneous regression of keratoacanthoma. Cell-mediated immune mechanisms are evidently not responsible for the resolution of the tumor. PMID- 7000013 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure in the management of the patient with a postoperative bleeding heart. AB - This prospective study involves 406 consecutive adults who had heart operation with extracorporeal circulation. Fifteen patients (3.7%) bled at the rate of 200 ml per hour or more in the postoperative period. Thirteen of the 15 patients who bled had undergone coronary artery operation. After all clotting factors and, when applicable, hypertension had been checked and corrected, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was used in managing the bleeding of these patients. Before institution of PEEP, the average bleeding was 330 ml per hour for one to five hours. After PEEP was instituted in the 11 patients in whom bleeding was controlled, an average output of 25 ml per hour for one to ten hours was recorded. Patients were kept on PEEP for 5 to ten hours. In 7 patients hemorrhage was controlled with 10 cm H2O of PEEP; 4 required 15 cm of PEEP to stop bleeding; 3 were explored for continuous bleeding on 15 cm of PEEP; and 1 was explored because of hypotension on 15 cm of PEEP. In 11 of the 15 patients who bled postoperatively (73%), operation was avoided by judicious use of PEEP. We believe that PEEP increases mediastinal pressure and that the overdistended lung can obliterate some bleeding in the mediastinum, thus controlling bleeding in many of these patients. PMID- 7000012 TI - Effect of splenectomy on first cadaver kidney transplants. AB - A prospective study was begun in January 1975 to evaluate the effect of splenectomy on graft and patient survival in recipients of first cadaver kidney transplants. Ninety-two cases were evaluated. Splenectomy increased the survival of both grafts and recipients. The benefit from splenectomy compensated readily for the perioperative morbidity of splenectomy and the long-term increased risk of sepsis from certain bacteria for the asplenic patient. Splenectomy exerted its effect by reducing the incidence and intensity of rejection episodes. It was not clear whether the observation resulted from a direct immunosuppressive effect of splenectomy or from the increased tolerance to azathioprine observed in asplenic recipients. Finally, splenectomy negated an effect of race that had been observed earlier for survival of cadaver transplants and recipients. PMID- 7000014 TI - Classics in thoracic surgery. Correction of aortic coarctation. AB - Experiments performed in the 1930s demonstrated the results of cross-clamping the aorta in animals. Findings from these experiments permitted cross-clamping of the aorta both above and below the origin of the ductus, in a series of ductus Botalli cases. This experience in turn led to the decision to perform a radical operation for coarctation of the aorta by placing clamps above and below the coarctation, removing the clamps, and sewing the aorta end-to-end. The first coarctation resection was performed on October 19, 1944. A total of 216 operations for aortic coarctation were performed from 1944 to January, 1958. In the last 180 patients, use of a continuous, everting end-to-end suture practically excluded complications from the suture. With this technique there were few complications and a primary mortality not exceeding 6%. PMID- 7000015 TI - Sperm immunofluorescence in infertile men: Its relationship with sperm agglutination and gel agglutination. AB - The spermatozoa from 10 infertile male patients all with sperm agglutination were subjected to direct immunofluorescence using antisera raised against IgA, IgM, and IgG. Sera from these patients were subjected to the Gel Agglutination Test. Although the Gel Agglutination Test related closely with sperm agglutination, none of the spermatozoa from these patients produced a repeatable positive response to direct immunofluorescence. This study suggests that neither sperm agglutination nor the Gel Agglutination Test demonstrate the presence of sperm specific antibodies in the semen of these infertile men. PMID- 7000016 TI - [The 1st novohispanic medical books]. PMID- 7000017 TI - [Computerized systems in cardiology]. PMID- 7000019 TI - The pathophysiology of intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndromes. PMID- 7000018 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct of the right ventricle. In memory of Ignacio Chavez]. PMID- 7000020 TI - Familial IgA nephropathy: report of two cases and brief review of the literature. AB - Immunoglobulin A nephropathy developed in two siblings who shared the DRw4 antigen but who were otherwise HLA-A, -B, and -C unrelated. It is suggested that a genetically induced alteration in the immune response can cause some of the cases of mesangial IgA glomerulopathy and that close blood reltaives of patients with this disease should be checked for the possible existence of renal abnormalities. PMID- 7000021 TI - Skin immunoflorescence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE. Relationship between the immunohistochemical pattern and systemic activity. AB - 19 SLE patients between 12 and 18 years of age were studied. In all cases a renal histological study was performed and patients received prednisone daily or on alternate days; 10 also received azathioprine. Patients were hospitalized for disease activity assessment from the clinical and biochemical standpoints. A healthy skin biopsy was simultaneously performed in the antero external face of the forearm and the fragment was subject to direct immunofluorescence study. IgG, IgM or C3 granular deposits were fund in six patients (33 per cent). Presence, type and intensity of deposits were related with other clinical and biochemical activity aspects, type of nephropathy, evolution and treatment time, and none was statistically significant. We can conclude that immune deposits in the skin of SLE patients can be useful as an auxiliary method for the diagnosis of this disease not having a relationship with the type and severity of the nephropathy or clinical activity of the disease. PMID- 7000022 TI - Utilization of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. AB - 50 sera from patients with a bacteriological diagnosis of typhoid fever and 325 sera from healthy individuals were studied to quantify antibodies against S. typhi somatic antigen by means of Widal's technique and the enzyme linked inmmunosorbent assay ELISA and by means of the latter, determine the minimum diagnostic titer. Only 2.3 per cent of the healthy population had titers up to 1:300 while sera from patients varied from 1:150 (2 per cent) to 1:2500. A titer was established by ELISA--1:3000 as suggestive of typhoid fever. Widal's agglutination reaction was positive in 1:160 titers in 50 per cent of patients while ELISA technique was positive in 98 per cent of cases (p < 0.001). ELISA technique was more efficient, rapid and sensitive than Widal's test and its utilization is proposed for the clincial laboratory as the method of choice in the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 7000023 TI - Immunoferrin labeling of respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The indirect immunoferritin labeling method was used to localize the membrane bound respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles and protoplasts or sphereplasts of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. For a comparison of the labeling of the various vesicle preparations, which differed not only in size but also in the percentage of inside-out orientation, a quantification of the results was needed to circumvent the problem of non specifically bound ferritin. From the results of sidedness of the nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of the above-mentioned bacteria was determined as being cytoplasmic in B. licheniformis and as transmembranous in K. aerogenes. PMID- 7000024 TI - Expression of Klebsiella his and nif genes in Serratia marcescens, Erwinia herbicola and Proteus mirabilis. AB - Plasmid pRD1, an R plasmid of the P incompatibility group which carries his and nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae in addition to drug resistance markers derived from RP4, was transferred to His- mutants of Serratia marcescens, Erwinia herbicola and Proteus mirabilis. His+ transconjugants were obtained at low but different frequencies according to recipient genus. Transconjugants all acquired the drug resistance, and were Nif+ in S. marcescens and E. herbicola, having acetylene-reducing activities of the same order of magnitude as the parent K. pneumoniae and fixing 15N2. No evidence for nif expression in P. mirabilis transconjugants was obtained though the nif genes were present. PMID- 7000025 TI - Regulation of alcohol oxidase synthesis in Hansenula polymorpha: oversynthesis during growth on mixed substrates and induction by methanol. AB - The regulation of the synthesis of alcohol oxidase, catalase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase was investigated in the methanol utilizing yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The organism was found to synthesize immunologically identical alcohol oxidases during growth on glycerol and methanol. Growth on glycerol, however, was not dependent on the alcohol oxidase, as was shown with a mutant without alcohol oxidase protein. Similarly it was shown with a catalase activity negative mutant that high catalase activity during growth on glycerol was not a prerequisite for the utilization of this substrate, though absolutely required for growth on methanol. Experiments were conducted with mixed substrates to study the influence of methanol on alcohol oxidase synthesis. In batch cultures, growth on ribose plus methanol resulted in an enhanced rate of alcohol oxidase synthesis as compared to ribose alone. In continuous cultures, (D = 0.1 h-1) addition of methanol to glycerol-, glucose-, or sorbose-limited cultures gave rise to increased alcohol oxidase activity of up to 20 U/mg, which is about by 2 times higher than the specific activity used for growth on methanol alone. The increase in specific activity of the dissimilatory enzymes on the mixed substrates is partly due to methanol per se, as was shown by a mutant unable to dissimilate or assimilate methanol. PMID- 7000026 TI - Analysis of the fermentation pathways of clostridia using double labelled glutamade. AB - L-(4-14C, 3-3H)Glutamate was used as a tool to elucidate the pathway of its fermentation. The methylaspartate pathway was found in strains of Clostridium tetanomorphum, C. malenominatum, C. limosum, C. lentoputrescens and C. tetani, whereas the hydroxyglutarate pathway was detected in C. sporosphaeroides. These data were supported by measurement of enzyme activities present in cell-free extracts. PMID- 7000027 TI - Molecular composition of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and the importance of protein-lipopolysaccharide interactions. AB - Whole cells of Escherichia coli strains 0111, K12 and B as well as the ampicilln resistant mutant K12 D21 and several lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants derived from this strain were analyzed for their molar LPS content per mg dry weight. An increase of the LPS concentration in some LPS mutants was substantiated by analyzing isolated cell walls and relating the molar LPS content to the murein subunit as measure of cell surface area. The increase of LPS was paralleled by increasing amounts of phospholipid while the overall protein content in the outer membrane decreased. According to the pattern of major outer membrane proteins in the various strains and the respective LPS structures, protein-LPS interactions are discussed as important requirements for outer membrane assembly and stability. PMID- 7000028 TI - [Prevention of distal necrosis in purpura fulminans. Value of sodium nitroprusside and urokinase]. PMID- 7000029 TI - Double-blind evaluation of reinforcing and anorectic actions of weight control medications. Interaction of pharmacological and behavioral treatments. AB - Within a behavioral self-management treatment program for overweight, 59 patients were randomly assigned to receive as an adjunct either dextroamphetamine sulfate, fenfluramine hydrochloride, or placebo in a double-blind procedure. Patients self regulated their drug intake during a four-week medication period. Two types of behavioral-pharmacological interaction were observed: (1) drug assignment influenced participation in the behavioral treatment; and (2) drug assignment influenced the extent of medication self-administration. The dextroamphetamine group was superior in terms of behavioral treatment participation, extent of eating and exercise habit change, and weight loss. Self-administration of dextroamphetamine was most well-maintained--showing it to be a reinforcer--and self-administration of fenfluramine was suppressed below placebo levels. No patient taking either drug showed excessive drug intake, and all were, in fact, conservative in drug use. These data concerning relative reinforcing efficacy within a therapeutic medication setting are discussed in relation to data from animal models used to assess relative abuse liability of these drugs. PMID- 7000031 TI - The Psychiatric Status Schedule for epidemiological research. Methodological considerations. AB - The Psychiatric Status Schedule (PSS) was designed to improve the research value of clinical judgments in the assessment of psychopathology. Although constructed with data from psychiatric patients, it is also intended for use in case finding, as in epidemiological studies of the general population. Its usefulness for this purpose has been questioned on the basis of the low internal consistency of many of the PSS scales in a general population sample and strata thereof. We challenged this methodological stance. Using the same data set, the PSS can be shown to have validity for epidemiological use, in that it discriminates outpatients from the general population and identifies psychiatric "cases" variously defined. PMID- 7000032 TI - Prolonged oliguria in a posttransplant patient. AB - The present case represents, to our knowledge, the longest period of oliguric renal failure after renal transplant with eventual recovery reported to date. The disparity between the renogram and the eventual results of renal biopsy specimen examination highlights the difficulty in managing such patients. The renal biopsy specimen in such patients may provide not only diagnostic information, but also may have direct bearing on contemplated alterations in drug regimens. PMID- 7000030 TI - Childhood enuresis. II. Psychopathology, tricyclic concentration in plasma, and antienuretic effect. AB - The efficacy of treatment with imipramine hydrochloride, desipramine hydrochloride, methscopolamine bromide, and placebo was compared in a study with 40 severely enuretic boys. Both tricyclic antidepressants were superior to placebo and methscopolamine, but they did not differ from each other. Psychiatric disturbance, sleep measures, and other clinical parameters did not predict antienuretic response to tricyclics nor was there a psychotropic response. Plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine showed a significant correlation with clinical effect. However, true nonresponders were found, and tolerance to the antienuretic drugs developed in some boys. PMID- 7000033 TI - Experimental investigations of the effect of the fibrin adhesive on the Kiel heterologous bone graft. AB - The influence by a fibrin-adhesive on healing has been investigated in heterologous cancellous transplants in the rabbit ilum. After 8 and 12 weeks the radiologic and histologic results were evaluated. In the control group the fibrously surrounded transplants were resorbed and replaced by metaplastic bone only to a little degree. Applicating the fibrin-adhesive system (FKS) the transplants were osseously connected to the bone bearing. The trabeculae wre surrounded by newly built lamellar bone and resorbed during the following periods. The osteogenic potency of heterologous transplants resp. the efficiency of the bone bearing can be improved by application of the FKS. PMID- 7000034 TI - Behavior of venous thrombi: historical observations. AB - Charles White in 1784 first demonstrated that milk leg was not caused by retained milk or lochia but rather by obstructing clots in the veins. In 1847, Virchow observed that venous thrombi often migrated to the lungs. Workers since then have found that, in general, thrombi in veins and in pulmonary arteries tend to form large recanalizing channels, accompanied by the destruction of any valves that are present, but that those in arteries form only small "arteries of organization." On the other hand, observers have reported capricious instances of opposite behavior. Furthermore, fresh thrombi and emboli in both systems occasionally disappear in the early period after formation or lodgement. It is urged that we use the full potential of modern diagnostic and monitoring methods to procure more data on the details of intravascular clot behavior. PMID- 7000035 TI - En bloc excision for cadaver kidneys for transplantation. AB - A method for the excision of human cadaver kidneys for transplantation is described that features en bloc removal with preservation of all vessels, in situ cooling, and rapid preparation of well-dissected organs for transplantation. PMID- 7000036 TI - A re-examination of the single radial haemolysis technique for the assay of influenza anti-neuraminidase antibodies in human sera. AB - A new study is described of the use of single radial haemolysis (SRH) for the measurement of antibodies to influenza virus neuraminidase (NA). The technique is known to be consistently successful in the assay of anti-haemagglutinin (HA) antibodies, subject only to the condition that the indicator virus belongs to an appropriate serotype. Its adaptation to the measurement of anti-NA is, however, more difficult. The virus used must be a recombinant which contains a specific NA and an "irrelevant" HA. However the present experiments showed that the two recombinants MRC-3 and X-38, which contain the same NA but a different HA, gave different results. Other properties of recombinants, including rates of attachment to and elution from red cells, may affect the results. The chemical NA inhibition test (NI), although requiring the use of antigenic hybrids, did not produce these discrepancies. However it appears possible to exploit the simplicity and convenience of SRH for mass survey of anti-Na, if individual hybrid recombinants can first be shown to yield results comparable to those obtained by NI. PMID- 7000037 TI - Inhibition of vitamin D2-induced arteriosclerosis in rats by depletion of complement with cobra venom factor. AB - Widespread calcerous deposits developed in the aorta, heart and kidneys of rats fed for 4 days with purina chow and high doses of vitamin D2 (200,000 IU/kg body wt/day). Decomplementation of rats with highly purified cobra venom factor (CoF) prior to vitamin D2 feeding, almost completely prevented calcium deposition in the aorta and arteritis. The mortality rate in the CoF-treated vitamin D2-fed rats was much lower than in untreated rats. These findings suggest that the complement system may be recruited in the pathogenesis of vitamin D2-induced arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7000040 TI - The effect of ballooning on minipig aortic prostacyclin formation - a time course. AB - The effect of a single endothelial injury with an arterial embolectomy catheter on minipig abdominal aorta prostacyclin formation was studied in 17 male animals as a function of time. The normal non deendothelialized abdominal aorta generated 4,41 pg PGI2/mg/min. One hour after endothelial injury PGI2-synthesis was decreased to the half; after two hours no PGI2-production could be detected. After 4 hours the PGI2-generation reached about the half of the strating values being thereafter nearly constant up to 24 hours. This experiment is presented as a model for studying early changes in PGI2-synthesis as it could occur during atherogenesis. The in vitro abrasion of endothelium demonstrated, that about 15% of the total PGI2 are formed by the endothelial sheet. Punching out the tissue samples revealed a strong correlation expressing PGI2-formation in terms of wet weight or surface area respectively. PMID- 7000038 TI - Effect of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 on the contractility of rabbit splenic capsular smooth muscle. AB - The effect of various prostaglandins (PGs) and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-generating system on the contractility of rabbit splenic capsular smooth muscle has been investigated. PGI2 as well as higher concentrations of PGE1 and 5, 6 beta-dihydro PGI2 inhibit noradrenaline-induced contractions of the smooth muscle preparation. The TXA2-generating system and high concentrations of PGD2, on the other hand, increase the contractions. The results support the concept that the hypothetical PGI2 receptor on the smooth muscle of the rabbit splenic capsule resembles, in its specificity, the PGI2 receptor on platelets. PMID- 7000041 TI - Effect of proteoglycans (Pg) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGI2-formation of rat arteries. AB - Heparin had no effect on PGI2-activity if heparin and PGI2 have been incubated together in an ice bath for 3 minutes. But heparin was able - unlike the other Pg or GAG - to abolish PGI2-activity if it had been incubated with PGI2 in an ice bath for 15 minutes. Pg and GAG, which had been isolated from bovine aortas according to the method of Hascall, and commerically available GAG (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-40-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate and heparin) had no effect on PGI2-formation of rat aortas in short time incubation (3 min). After long time incubation (15 min) or rat aortas in heparin less PGI2 was detectable compared to a buffer incubation. These data suggest that Pg and GAG do not influence PGI2 formation of arteries. The diminished PGI2-activity after long time incubation should be due to the PGI2-degrading effect of heparin. PMID- 7000039 TI - Metabolism of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in man. AB - The major metabolites of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in man were investigated. Healthy male volunteers were infused with the labeled and unlabeled prostanoids. The urine was chromatographed on different systems including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The material under the major peak was derivatized to the methyl ester methoxime trimethyl silyl ether and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Open bed reversed phase chromatography of the urine obtained from PGI2 infusion resulted in two peaks. On further separation by two different HPLC systems one major peak containing 20.5 % of the radioactivity was obtained and was shown by GC-MS to be identical with dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Urine obtained from 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha infusion was chromatographed similarly. Its major peak on HPLC appeared with a retention volume and mass spectrum identical with the major metabolite of PGI2. It is concluded that the major metabolite of PGI2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in human urine is dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. PMID- 7000042 TI - Evidence that thrombus organizing blood derived cells produce prostaglandin I2-. AB - An artificial vessel replacement, which is athrombogenic and impermeable for a migration from the adjacent tissue, was implanted end to end into the thoracic aorta of 10 sheep. The center of this tube has a Dacron surface, which is known to trap blood elements. We examined the tissue samples built up by blood derived cells between 2 and 84 days morphologically by means of light microscopy as well as by SEM and TEM. We checked the thrombus fragments of 7 cases for their PGI2 generation using MONCADA's bioassay. In our specimens we found an average activity of 4, 7 pg PGI2 mg/min. The morphological examination revealed different stages of thrombosis and organization consisting of a large number of cells. Macrophages, fibroblast like cells, myofibroblasts as well as endothelial cells and foreign body giant cells around the Dacron fibers could be found. Our experimental design excludes the ingrowth of mesenchymal elements, which suggests that blood derived cells are able to produce PGI2. PMID- 7000044 TI - A model system for studying initial events in atherosclerosis. AB - A model system has been developed which employs the central artery of the rabbit ear, and allows for the study of 1) ultra-structural changes in the arterial endothelium and 2) formation and release of prostacyclin and thromboxane from the arteries in situ. Use of the model should be helpful in evaluating the initial events in atherosclerosis. Both prostacyclin and thromboxane (detected by radioimmunoassay) were formed by arteries in situ in response to infusion of sodium arachidonate. PMID- 7000043 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on platelet aggregation as studied with "filter-loop" technique in the flowing blood of the dog. AB - Using Hornstra's "filter loop" technique for determination of platelet aggregation in the circulating blood, the role played by prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in platelet aggregation was studied in the canine heart-lung preparation (HLP) supported by a donor. A dose-related aggregation of platelet was induced by close injection of ADP into the "filter loop". PGI2 induced a marked suppression of ADP induced platelet aggregation. After indomethacin, ADP-induced platelet aggregation became very much protracted, but was promptly terminated by PGI2. Bradykinin produced an inhibition of platelet aggregation, while it produced an increase in the coronary blood flow (CBF). After indomethacin, the increase in CBF and the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation produced by bradykinin was greatly attenuated. Essentially similar results were obtained in the anesthetized closed-chest dogs. These findings strongly suggest that the transient nature of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the flowing blood is due to the intervention of antiaggregatory PGI2. PMID- 7000045 TI - Prostacyclin effects on the blood pressure responses to norepinephrine in rats treated with aspirin or indomethacin. AB - The atherosclerotic condition is associated with a reduction of PGI2 synthesis; moreover, in the presence of elevated serum cholesterol levels, pressor responses to norepinephrine are potentiated. In order to verify if a complete inhibition of PGI2 production affects the vascular reactivity, it was assayed two cycloxygenase inhibitors (lysine acetylsalicylate and indomethacin) in rats. The two drugs significantly potentiated the blood pressure responses to norepinephrine, and completely inhibited PGI2-like substances production by arterial rings. The prostacyclin infusion (15 ng/kg/min, i.v.) completely reversed such potentiation, without any major modification in the basal blood pressure values. These results show that PGI2 production is responsible for vascular tone modulation and may partially explain the altered vascular reactivity in the atherosclerotic condition. PMID- 7000047 TI - [Pathology and its teaching at Vilnius University (on the 400th anniversary of Vilnius University and the 200th anniversary of its Medical Faculty)]. PMID- 7000048 TI - [Smooth muscle cells of the arteries and arteriosclerosis]. AB - The review presents information on proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the arterial wall as the key moment in atherogenesis. Some factors influencing SMC proliferation as well as some aspects of SMC biology the knowledge of which is necessary for better understanding of some current hypotheses of atherosclerosis are considered. SMC proliferation has been recognized as the main cause of atherosclerosis relatively recently. Each of the original theories or hypotheses of the atherosclerosis pathogenesis under consideration is focused on different factors underlying SMC proliferation and deals with the problems the resolution of which helps better understanding of the causes and genesis of this disease. PMID- 7000046 TI - [Structural and functional bases of hemostasis and its pathology]. AB - The multiphase process of blood coagulation occurs owing to the interaction of three links of hemostasis--thrombocyte apparatus, plasma factors, and vascular wall components--and is regulated by the neuro-reflectory mechanisms of the coagulating and anticoagulating systems. At the early stage of hemostasis, a set of reactions begins in the thrombocyte apparatus leading to cell aggregation, secretion of the content of granules, synthesis of prostaglandines and eventually to the formation of thrombocyte thrombus. Disorders in ultrastructures and membranes of thrombocytes, particularly in receptor glycoproteins lead to the development of molecular disease of thrombocyte and to the disturbance of hemostasis. Plasma factors are activated by some proteolysis reactions in the realization of which a great role is played by phospholipids; Ca ions and regulatory proteins. The key reaction of hemostasis is activation of prothrombin into thrombin. Hemostasis disorders at this stage are of congenital (factor deficiency) or acquired (vitamin K deficiency) nature and occur at the molecular level. Hemostasis is terminated by a step-wise formation of fibrin. Disorders of one of the stages of this process due to congenital abnormality of fibrinogen results in coagulation defect due to the molecular disease of fibrinogen. The problem of hemostasis is inseparable from that of the mechanism causing the living host resistance to thrombus formation. The regulation of the liquid state of the blood and its coagulated is performed by the combined functioning of the coagulating and anticoagulating systems. PMID- 7000050 TI - Prognosis and management of corneal transplantation for herpetic keratitis. AB - One hundred thirty-two penetrating keratoplasties (91 patients) for herpetic keratoplasty were reviewed retrospectively. The overall survival rate of clear keratoplasties to two years was 64% and to five years was 62%. The significant prognostic factors were preoperative ocular inflammatory status and degree of corneal vascularization. The two-year survival rate of a clear keratoplasty was 69% where eyes were inflamed at the time of surgery, compared with 44% in actively inflamed eyes. Allograft rejection, the major cause of a clouded herpetic keratoplasty, increased in frequency with increasing corneal vascularization. Antiviral cover was not used with routine postoperative steroids or with steroid intensive therapy for rejection. Epithelial herpetic recurrences occurred in 32% of eyes undergoing allograft rejection within four months of initiation of treatment for rejection. This is compared with otherwise uncomplicated keratoplasties where the epithelial recurrence rate was 6% at four months, on high-dose postoperative corticosteroid therapy without antiviral cover. PMID- 7000049 TI - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Immunohistochemical studies. AB - The immunohistochemical staining of immunoglobulins (Ig), complement (C3), and fibrinogen in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis lesions showed different staining patterns in the acute vs the chronic stage of the disease. In the acute stage, Ig, C3, and fibrinogen were present in the perivascular tissue of the brain and the spinal cord. In hyperacute-type lesions, the binding of Ig and C3 to the parenchyma was especially pronounced. The chronic stage of the disease was characterized by Ig-containing cells and Ig binding to white matter in actively demyelinating lesions. Linear or granular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement, reminiscent of those described in immune complex disease, were found in the choroid plexus. PMID- 7000052 TI - Mycobacterium bovis infection of the conjunctiva. AB - An elderly woman from Minnesota had bilateral bulbar conjunctival nodules that proved to be caused by Mycobacterium bovis. She was found to have active military tuberculosis; only pulmonary and ocular involvement was confirmed. She had a history of tuberculosis but no recent exposure or intercurrent illness. The case was unusual in that the endogenous infection caused bilateral bulbar symptoms but no palpable lymphadenopathy and no other organ involvement. This case demonstrates many of the basic tenents on the course of tuberculosis in humans. Triple chemotherapy was administered, and the patient had a slow but definite clinical response. PMID- 7000051 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: II. Ophthalmologists who became famous in other areas of endeavor.--Carlos Finlay (1833-1915). PMID- 7000053 TI - Eyelid tumors anmd renal transplantation. AB - The high incidence of malignant neoplasms in renal transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients is well recognized. A large proportion of these neoplasms are skin cancers. The frequent occurrence of other ocular complications, such as cataract, elevated intraocular pressure, hypertensive retinopathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and herpetic keratitis in patients after kidney transplant, has also been described. This report presents the clinical and histopathologic features of eyelid involvement by keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma in two patients after renal transplantation and alerts ophthalmologists to the potential for this association. PMID- 7000054 TI - Chiron's contributions. PMID- 7000056 TI - The 85th frontier. AB - Eighty-five years ago, radiation therapy was discovered, with the restriction of treatment being skin tolerance. This led to time-dose graphs quantitating cure or necrosis. The advent of supervoltage radiation, with skin sparing, treatment simulation and planning, immobilization devices, focus blocks, and computerized tomographic scans, ushered in the era of precision treatment. Radiobiology introduced the hypoxic core and radiation sensitizers. New data concerning the biologic principles of fractional dose, total dose, homogeneity, low-dose implantation, and integration of radiation with surgery, as well as recent protocols, indicate new opportunities for increased local control, cure, and improvement in quality of life. PMID- 7000055 TI - Vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy. AB - A technique was developed to create a neoglottis from the upper tracheal rings to facilitate vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy. Useful speech developed in 11 (85%) of 13 patients in whom this technique was performed. Concurrent radical neck dissection was performed in four patients and did not have any adverse effect on development of speech. Failure to acquire satisfactory speech occurred in two patients; one of these patients is having difficulty mastering the technique despite the fact that the shunt is patent. There was one wound breakdown with fistula formation. As with other tracheoesophageal shunt procedures, careful long-term follow-up studies will be necessary before any final conclusions can be drawn. PMID- 7000057 TI - Changing to U100 insulin. PMID- 7000058 TI - The years of children. Part II. PMID- 7000059 TI - The Ophthalmological Society of Melbourne (1899-1913). AB - Appropriate social and medical circumstances occurred in 1899 for the foundation of the Ophthalmological Society of Melbourne. Bimonthly meetings were held, at which a large number of interesting cases were presented and discussed. The Society suddenly collapsed in 1906, but was revived in 1912 only to disband to become the Eye and Ear Section of the Victorian Branch of the British Medical Association. PMID- 7000060 TI - Leucocyte adherence inhibition test for the detection of cell-mediated immunity to malignant melanoma. AB - A tube leucocyte adherence test was used to detect reactivity of melanoma patients to extracts of melanoma tissue. Breast cancer extracts were used as a control. Of 31 melanoma patients 22 gave a positive reaction (non-adherence index > 25%) to melanoma extracts whereas only three of 24 normal subjects did so. Fifteen of 16 patients with Stage 1 melanoma reacted but only seven of 15 patients with Stage 2 or Stage 3 disease did so. None of seven patients with breast cancer reacted to melanoma extract, but four of them reacted to breast cancer extract. None of four patients with benign breast disease reacted to either extract. It is concluded that leucocyte adherence inhibition is potentially useful in investigations of tumour-specific immune reactivity to melanoma and of melanoma antigens. PMID- 7000061 TI - Effects of cimetidine on the healing of benign gastric ulcers. AB - A prospective double-blind trial was undertaken to determine whether treatment with cimetidine influenced the healing of gastric ulcers in New Zealand patients. Ulcer size and healing was assessed by endoscopic examination. Of the 30 patients who completed the trial, 15 were given cimetidine and 15 placebo. At six weeks, 60% of the patients on cimetidine had healed their ulcers, whereas only 20% of those on the placebo had healed ulcers (P < 0.05). Fewer patients taking cimetidine required antacids for symptom control than those on placebo treatment (P < 0.05). The study confirmed that cimetidine treatment accelerates the healing of gastric ulcers. PMID- 7000062 TI - Ophthalmic microsurgery: adjustment problems. AB - More ophthalmic surgeons should be encouraged to use the operating microscope, one of the most important and spectacular advances in surgery in this century. Its advantages are established. This paper discusses practical recommendations based on observations made from a decade of personal experience and from the problems encountered by students at microsurgical courses. The recommendations are as follows: (i) instrumentation. Surgeons must understand the structure and limitations of the microscopes and the microinstruments; (ii) inherent disadvantages. There are several disadvantages inherent in performing surgery under the operating microscope, e.g., the ophthalmic surgeon becomes "immobile", and the operating field of vision is narrow. All these disadvantages require adjustment. With an understanding of these problems, more surgeons will eventually be able to overcome the difficulties. PMID- 7000063 TI - The prevention of post-appendicectomy sepsis by metronidazole and cefazolin: a controlled double blind trial. AB - A double blind, randomized, controlled trial was carried out at two hospitals to try the effect of metronidazole, which is effective against most anaerobes, and cefazolin, which is effective against many aerobic organisms, singly and in combination, on the incidence of wound sepsis following appendicectomy. Patients were placed at random into one of four groups; to receive metronidazole and placebo, cefazolin and placebo, metronidazole and cefazolin, or double placebo. Patients with generalized peritonitis were excluded for ethical reasons. Treatment was started before operation and continued eight-hourly for twenty-four hours. All patients in the trial were followed up at about two weeks after discharge from hospital and their wounds inspected. Two hundred and seventy-one patients were assessed. Sepsis rates at the two hospitals were similar. On the untreated controls, 30% discharged pus from their wounds, and in the groups receiving one drug only, about 20%. In those receiving both drugs the infection rate was 3%, a highly significant difference from that in the other three groups. PMID- 7000064 TI - The Neurosurgical Society of Australasia: the first forty years. PMID- 7000066 TI - The case of William Chidley: a study in psychiatry, morality and lunacy law. AB - William Chidley was a unique Australian. He lectured frequently on his beliefs that the answer to society's problems was a three-fold program of correct dress, proper diet and a new method of sexual intercourse. His compulsory admissions to psychiatric hospitals were on the grounds that he was insane and a danger to public morals. The case raised basic questions in psychiatry, morality and lunacy law. These questions, which are discussed, are still of contemporary significance. PMID- 7000065 TI - Assessment of an insulin regime and monitoring techniques in juvenile diabetics. PMID- 7000068 TI - Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with yeast mitochondrial DNA linked to two micron circular yeast plasmid. PMID- 7000067 TI - Behavioral studies using genetically defined mice: A bibliography (August 1978 July 1979). PMID- 7000069 TI - Differences in the effect of insulin on the generation by adipocytes and IM-9 lymphocytes of a chemical mediator which simulates the action of insulin on pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7000070 TI - Regulation of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase activity in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 7000071 TI - Interference with lysosomal proteolysis fails to reduce cardiac myosin degradation. PMID- 7000072 TI - Formation of mutagens by heating creatine and glucose. PMID- 7000073 TI - Fluorescence energy transfer in tryptophanase. PMID- 7000075 TI - The current view of the source of trigger calcium in excitation-contraction coupling in vertebrate skeletal muscle. PMID- 7000074 TI - Purification of rat renal renin from crude kidney extracts by diaminohexamethylene-sepharose chromatography. PMID- 7000076 TI - Structure-activity relationship in halogen and alkyl substituted allyl and allylic compounds: correlation of alkylating and mutagenic properties. PMID- 7000077 TI - Long-term exposure of isolated pancreatic islets to mannoheptulose: evidence for insulin degradation in the beta cell. PMID- 7000078 TI - The origin of bone cells in the postnatal organism. PMID- 7000079 TI - Skeletal metabolism in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Paget's disease of bone is characterized by focal resorption of existing bone followed by the deposition of woven and lamellar bone in a characteristic pattern. Although bone turnover may be markedly increased, the coupling between formation and resorption is maintained. Metabolically there is increased efflux and influx of mineral ions in the involved areas. In addition, there is a parallel increase in resorption of matrix components, particularly collagen, with increased excretion of degradation products containing 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylsine, and its glycosides. A portion of the urinary 4-hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine is in the form of peptides of approximately 5,000 daltons which appear to be related to collagen synthesis. Circulating levels of other organic matrix components are also increased such as procollagen fragments and the gamma carboxyglutamic acid-bone protein. The increased levels of most of these metabolites return toward normal with specific therapy. The pattern of change suggests that bone resorption is decreased initially with therapy followed by a coupled decrease in formation. PMID- 7000080 TI - Bone tissue in Paget's disease of bone. Ultrastructure and Immunocytology. AB - Ultrastructural observation in Paget's disease of bone clarify aspects of bone cells in bone tissue and demonstrate the presence of specific intranuclear inclusions composed of microcylinders in the osteoclasts. The morphologic analysis of these structures suggests an analogy with virus material of the measles group. Results obtained using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques lend further support to the hypothesis of a viral etiology in Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 7000082 TI - Non-speech communication: a position papter. PMID- 7000081 TI - Salmon calcitonin therapy for Paget's disease of bone. The problem of acquired clinical resistance. AB - During the initial months of long-term treatment of Paget's disease of bone with salmon calcitonin, circulating alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproproline excretion usually decrease by about 50%. In 22 of 85 patients these parameters returned to pretreatment levels despite continuous therapy. Nineteen patients who were resistant to salmon calcitonin had salmon calcitonin antibodies in high titer. Human calcitonin has been effective in suppressing disease activity in these patients. The pathogenesis of calcitonin resistance in patients without antibodies is unknown. PMID- 7000083 TI - CFY supervisors' responsibilities. PMID- 7000085 TI - Racial and ethnic enrollment of training institutions with communicative disorders programs. PMID- 7000084 TI - The Ann Arbor decision: implications for the speech-language pathologist. PMID- 7000086 TI - Developing a comprehensive information system. PMID- 7000087 TI - Report of the ad hoc committee to study the language (or language learning) disorders issue. PMID- 7000088 TI - The influence of pre-transplant etiology of renal disease on lipoprotein lipids in female renal allograft receipients. AB - Serum and lipoprotein lipids were determined in 42 female transplant recipients and compared with age-matched and serum lipid-matched normal subjects. Eight patients had glomerulonephritis as the pre-transplant etiology of renal disease, 22 had analgesic nephropathy, 6 polycystic kidneys and 6 ureteric reflux. A number of abnormalities were observed: (i) Serum triglycerides and phospholipids were elevated in all patients. Serum cholesterol levels were increased in analgesic nephropathy, polycystic kidney and ureteric reflux, but not in glomerulonephritis patients. The serum esterified/free cholesterol ratio was reduced in all patients except those with polycystic kidneys as the pre transplant diagnosis; (ii) All VLDL lipids were raised in transplant patients regardless of etiology of renal disease prior to transplantation; (iii) LDL lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were elevated in analgesic nephropathy, polycystic kidney and ureteric reflux patients, but were normal in glomerulonephritis patients: (iv) HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in all patients regardless of etiology. HDL phospholipid levels also tended to be raised, but this was significant only in glomerulonephritis patients. Lipoprotein -lipid ratio data indicated that lipoprotein--lipid composition deviated less from normal in glomerulonephritis patients than in the other patient groups. PMID- 7000089 TI - The effects of colestipol when combined with clofibrate in the treatment of severe hyperlipidemia. Short-term and long-term studies. AB - Twenty-two patients suffering from hyperlipidemia and receiving therapy consisting of a lipid-lowering diet and clofibrate (1 g X 2) were in addition given colestipol hydrochloride (5 g X 3) (Colestid, Upjohn) in a randomized, cross-over study for 2 periods of 6 weeks. Both the cholesterol and the triglyceride concentrations in very low density lipoproteins remained unchanged during the colestipol treatment. The cholesterol concentration in low density lipoproteins decreased by 23% (P < 0.001) and increased in high density lipoproteins by 4% (P < 0.01). In a second part of the project, the effects on the lipoprotein lipids of 15 g of colestipol divided into 1, 2 or 3 daily doses were studied when added to ongoing therapy with clofibrate (1 g X 2) and lipid lowering diet. When the colespitol was divided into 2 or 3 daily doses, the effects were manifested equally but were less pronounced when 1 dose per day was given. In a third study, 14 patients who were treated with a combination of lipid lowering diet, clofibrate (1 g X 2) and colestipol hydrochloride (15 g daily) were followed over a 2-year period, during which time the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were maintained at a reduced level. The fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were increased during colestipol treatment. Such treatment should therefore not be given to patients with impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 7000091 TI - [Vaccination: principles and practice in 1980. Review and concepts. I. Historical development, adverse effects, diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and measles]. PMID- 7000094 TI - [Cholestyramine in the treatment of refractory diarrhea of the newborn]. AB - Eleven infants with severe protracted diarrhea were studied. All of them were treated with cholestyramine, 2 g/kg/day in three or four doses. Feces became normal in two to four days in ten out of eleven infants. Tolerance to cholestyramine was good. Fat balance was performed in five patients showing steatorrhea in all of them, ranging from 15 to 42%. Reduction in resin doses was followed by normal fat excretion. Three infants died. One of them did not show improvement with cholestyramine therapy and developed Salmonella typhimurium sepsis. The other two, even though they normalized their stools, died because of Salmonella typhimurium and bacteroides sepsis respectively. PMID- 7000092 TI - [Hospital infection due to Serratia marcescens and its sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - A total of 164 isolations of Serratia marcescens achieved during 1978-1979 at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico in children with various pathology due to this bacteria were studied. Most of the cases were debilitated patients from the newborns and prematures wards and contagious and surgery departments. The most frequent isolations were from wounds and abscesses (76 cases), the same as from meningitis (22 cases) and sepsis (12 patients). Serratia marcescens showed a high degree of resistance (87-100%) to the following antibiotics: carbenicillin, colimycin, chloramphenicol, phosphomicin, ampicillin and cephalothin. To gestamicin and kanamycin, 42% of strains were sensitive. Amikacin was the most effective drug with 92% of strains susceptible to it. The history of this bacteria, its mode of transmission, frequency of infections and resistance to antibiotics found in foreign institutions are commented. Likewise, the difficulty for the precision bacteriologic diagnosis is emphasized as the possible main cause for the ignorance in Mexico of infections due to this bacteria. PMID- 7000093 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance and insulinemia in parents and siblings of juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 7000090 TI - Effects of bezafibrate on the serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein composition, lipoprotein triglyceride removal capacity and the fatty acid composition of the plasma lipid esters. PMID- 7000095 TI - A two-year field trial of a disperse phase alloy. PMID- 7000096 TI - Pioneer in oral physiology. (G. Neil Jenkins). PMID- 7000097 TI - The Eastman reaches its half century. PMID- 7000098 TI - Future of computerised electrocardiography. AB - The advent of computerised electrocardiography has been of prime importance for the storage and retrieval of data, but none of the available systems is of universal application for analysis of patterns. Future needs require hierarchical systems of increasing degrees of complexity, depending on the source of requests, and there should be appropriate provision for review by cardiologists before the final report is issued. PMID- 7000099 TI - Left ventricular function and beta-blockade in chronic ischaemic heart failure. Double-blind, cross-over study of propranolol and penbutolol using non-invasive techniques. PMID- 7000101 TI - Haemodynamic changes induced by prostacyclin in man. AB - Intra-arterial or intravenous infusion of prostacyclin at three dose levels (2, 5, and 10 ng/kg per min) in 10 subjects without evidence of coronary heart disease or cardiac failure, led to a distinct fall in peripheral and total pulmonary vascular resistances. This was accompanied by a drop in intra-arterial blood pressure, and the acceleration of heart rate. Stroke volume, cardiac output, mean right atrial pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure showed no significant changes. Except for sporadic headache no side effects occurred. Prostacyclin appears to act predominantly on resistance vessels. The haemodynamic effects produced by prostacyclin in man might be of clinical interest in the treatment of conditions associated with a significant rise in vascular resistance. PMID- 7000100 TI - Multicentre post-infarction trial of propranolol in 49 hospitals in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia. AB - A multicentre study of survivors of an anterior myocardial infarction is reported. The trial consisted of 720 patients and was a double-blind, placebo controlled study with propranolol 40 mg three times a day. Trial entry was at two to 14 days (mean 8.5 days) and follow-up at one, three, and in most centres, six and nine months. The trial was designed to detect a 50 per cent reduction in mortality and this was not shown. The non-fatal reinfarction rate was similar in both groups. Subgroup analysis identified several prognostic risk factors for death, none of which interacted with treatment. PMID- 7000102 TI - Captopril in clinical hypertension. Changes in components of renin-angiotensin system and in body composition in relation to fall in blood pressure with a note on measurement of angiotensin II during converting enzyme inhibition. AB - The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on arterial pressure, the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and body sodium and potassium content was studied in eight hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis and, in conjunction with diuretics, in seven patients with hypertension unresponsive to previous treatment. Two hours after the first dose, captopril caused significant falls in systolic and diastolic pressures, plasma angiotensin II, and aldosterone, with converse increases in angiotensin I and both active and total renin; the initial fall in diastolic pressure was significantly related to the drop in plasma angiotensin II. The biochemical changes were sustained during prolonged treatment, even when diuretics were added. One untreated patient with renal artery occlusion had severe secondary aldosterone excess, was sodium and potassium depleted, and severely hyponatraemic and hypokalaemic; captopril restored blood pressure, plasma electrolyte concentrations, and exchangeable sodium and total body potassium to normal. In one man with renal artery stenosis and overall renal impairment captopril led to sodium retention, and blood pressure did not fall until a diuretic was added. In the remaining patients with renal artery stenosis, pretreatment renin, angio tensin II, and aldosterone concentrations were either normal or only modestly raised, and plasma electrolyte concentrations and body content of sodium and potassium were normal. Captopril alone controlled arterial pressure in all, three cases showing a gradual fall of pressure over the first six weeks of treatment; no significant changes in exchangeable sodium or total body potassium were seen. The group of patients with previously intractable hypertension were all controlled with a combination of captopril and diuretic. PMID- 7000103 TI - Changes in ventricular size and plasma renin activity after cardiac surgery in children. AB - Plasma renin activity and one-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the left atrium and left ventricle as well as function indices were studied repeatedly in 20 children with various cardiopathies (ages: 9 months to 15 years) before and after corrective surgery. Nine children had tetralogy of Fallot, four had pulmonary stenosis, four had rheumatic heart disease, two had ventricular septal defect, and one had atrial septal defect. Plasma renin activity was normal preoperatively, but increased significantly immediately after surgery, was still significantly higher on the 12th postoperative day and returned to normal six to eight weeks after surgery. Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis had higher plasma renin activity values than the others. There was a positive correlation between plasma renin activity and postoperative percentage change of the left ventricular dimension. In patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis, this meant that plasma renin activity became normal when the preoperatively small left ventricle reached its normal dimension. This adjustment occurred slowly over a period of two months. In rheumatic heart disease and left-to-right shunt lesions, plasma renin activities became normal when the preoperatively dilated left ventricle decreased in size towards normal values; the plasma renin activities of these patients had reached normal levels by the fifth postoperative day. The renin secretion is modulated by various factors: of these, ventricular size and pulmonary venous return seem to be of importance. PMID- 7000104 TI - Halothane anaesthesia can block insulin stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in mammary glands of 24-hour starved lactating rats. AB - The effect of halothane anaesthesia on the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase was studied in starved lactating rats. Extracts of freeze clamped mammary gland and liver were assayed for pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The fraction of the enzyme in the phosphorylated inactive form was increased greatly by starvation or by streptozotocin diabetes, and halothane anaesthesia did not disturb this effect. In starved animals not exposed to halothane, injection of insulin led to a rapid increase in the active fraction of the enzyme in mammary gland but not in liver. In animals under halothane anaesthesia this effect of insulin was largely abolished. The combination of starvation and halothane anaesthesia may impair mitochondrial accumulation of calcium which may be involved in the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin. PMID- 7000107 TI - A simple and inexpensive device for administration of continuous positive airway pressure breathing. AB - A simple system for administration of continuous positive airway pressure breathing uses a corrugated hose in the modified Mapleson D system for anaesthesia. The only mechanical component of the system is a spring-loaded valve for positive end expiratory pressure. PMID- 7000108 TI - The changing pattern of eye surgery. PMID- 7000105 TI - Prolongation of thiopentone anaesthesia by probenecid. AB - In a double-blind study, probenecid 0.5 or 1.0 g or placebo was given to 86 patients undergoing uterine curettage or gynaecological laparotomy 3 h before operation. The duration of anaesthesia in patients anaesthetized with thiopentone 7 mg kg-1 and premedicated with pethidine and atropine, was prolonged by 65% by probenecid 0.5 g, and by 46% by probenecid 1.0 g, compared with control (P < 0.05). In the absence of pethidine premedication, probenecid 0.5 g prolonged anaesthesia by 26% (P < 0.1). In patients without pethidine premedication anaesthetized with only thiopentone 4 mg kg-1 but who had no surgical stimulus during anaesthesia, probenecid increased the duration of the anaesthesia by 109% (P < 0.1). In this group the frequency of sleeping was 100%, as compared with 80% in the placebo-treated patients. Probenecid did not modify the response to pain and had no effect on apnoea, arterial pressure or heart rate. PMID- 7000109 TI - Anaesthesia for eye surgery in children. PMID- 7000106 TI - Comparison of i.m. lysine acetylsalicylate and oxycodone in the treatment of pain after operation. AB - Lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) is a soluble salt of acetylsalicylic acid and can be given parenterally. LAS 12.5 mg kg-1 and 25 mg kg-1 were compared with oxycodone 0.15 mg kg-1 in the treatment of pain after operation in 60 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. Both treatments almost completely relieved moderate to severe pain for the 3-h observation period. The time until the peak of action was longer after LAS (60-90 min) than after oxycodone (30-60 min). No significant differences were found between the smaller and larger doses of LAS, suggesting a plateau effect. Further clinical experiments with LAS using i.v. mode of administration and other pain models are warranted. PMID- 7000110 TI - Naloxone modulates the perception of itch in man. PMID- 7000111 TI - Relationship between the pretreatment proliferative activity of marrow blast cells and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. AB - Pretreatment marrow blast cells were studied in 38 boys and 27 girls (aged 1-14) with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide.The percentage of blast cells in the S phase of the cell cycle ranged from 1% to 40% (median 6%). A correlation was found between the percentage of cells in S and the morphological classification of the French American British Cooperative Group (FAB), presence of T or B cell markers, haemoglobin concentration, blast size, bone pain, platelet count, and an inverse correlation with coarse granule and block staining with Periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS).63 of the 65 children attained complete remission. During the first 24 months of follow up there were fewer relapses (P = 0.054), and deaths (P = 0.004) in those children with 6% or fewer blasts in S phase. The difference was most marked in the first 12 months with 4 relapses out of 33 in the group with 6% or fewer cells in S compared with 13/30 in the group with > 6% cells in S.In order to investigate the prognostic significance of the pretreatment proliferative studies in greater detail, remission duration was correlated with 17 presenting features. Each feature was correlated individually and then the simultaneous effect of all the features was assessed by stepwise multiple regression.Only 3 features of the disease at diagnosis were individually correlated with duration of remission. These were% cells in S (P < 0.001), log white cell blood count (WBC) (P < 0.01) and the presence of T- or B-cell surface markers (P < 0.05). However, the multiple regression analysis showed that cell markers were not an independent prognostic feature, whereas the percentage cells in S and log WBC were independently and significantly correlated with duration of first remission (P < 0.001 in each case). PMID- 7000114 TI - Effects of BCG and 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on the cytostatic activity of macrophages in normal and tumour-bearing rats. PMID- 7000113 TI - Antimitochondrial effects of thioacetamide and ethylenethiourea in human and yeast cell cultures. AB - Cytological studies in the light microscope showed that thioacetamide (TAA) depressed the mitotic index in cultures of skin fibroblasts at the lowest concentrations used (100 MUg/ml). At high concentration (1 mg/ml), TAA tended to cause aberration in nuclear morphology. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) had no effect on either mitotic index or nuclear morphology at 1 mg/ml. Fibroblast cultures treated with 1 mg/ml TAA and cultures grown in the presence of 2 mg/ml ETU were studied by electron microscopy. In some TAA-treated cells there was unfolding of the nuclear membrane and enlargement and granulation of the nucleolus, but these effects were not correlated. In all cells, TAA caused severe and characteristic damage to the majority of mitochondria, whether or not there were nuclear aberrations. The organelle showed extensive swelling of the cristae of the inner membrane and an increase in matrix density. Ultrastructure of other cell components appeared to be unaffected by this treatment. In ETU-treated cells some less severe swelling of inner mitochondrial membranes was seen and only in a minority of cells, whilst all other cell structures appeared normal. Similar membrane swelling and increase in matrix density was seen in isolated rat liver mitochondria after incubation with TAA, indicating a direct antimitochondrial effect of the carcinogen.When yeast cells were treated with TAA and ETU, primary antimitochondrial activity of these compounds was apparent from (1) inhibition of growth in non-fermentable medium, (2) selective blockage of mitochondrial protein synthesis and (3) induction of mitochondrial mutations. TAA was much more effective than ETU in all these respects. PMID- 7000112 TI - Malignant lymphomas as tumours of the immune system. AB - Malignant lymphomas have traditionally been classified on solely morphological grounds. With new immunological and cytochemical techniques, it has been possible to characterize normal cells of the T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, and monocyte macrophage system. Application of these methodologies to malignant lymphomas has established their nature as neoplasms of the immune system. Within the B lymphocyte system it is possible to identify subpopulations responsible for Burkitt's tumour, follicular (nodular) lymphomas, lymphocytic lymphomas of intermediate differentiation and well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas. The T lymphocyte system includes lymphoblastic lymphomas, mycosis fungoides, and Sezary's syndrome. Large-cell lymphomas are diverse, but the majority are tumours of transformed lymphocytes, usually of the B-lymphocyte system. The precise nature of the neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease (i.e., Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononuclear counterparts) has not yet been established. Despite previous suggestions of a B-lymphocyte or T-lymphocyte origin, recent studies with in vitro cultivation have strongly suggested derivation from the monocyte macrophage system. PMID- 7000115 TI - The use of antisera to epithelial membrane antigen in detecting micrometastases in histological sections. AB - We have investigated, by immunocytochemical means, the value of an antiserum raised to milk-fat-globule membranes in detecting metastatic deposits of breast carcinoma in conventional histological sections of liver, lymph nodes and marrow. The antiseum recognizes a membrane component, which we have called Epithelial Membrane Antigen, and which is confined to but widely distributed in epithelial tissues and tumours derived from them. In the sections examined, a greater extent of tumour infiltration was usually found, largely due to the identification of single malignant cells which normally go unrecognized with conventional stains. The number of positive samples was only increased, however, in sections of marrow aspirates, and the reasons for this are discussed. We suggest that further increases in detection rates could be attained by using the antiserum on cytological smears of marrow or even in cell suspensions. PMID- 7000116 TI - Lymphocyte supernatants and the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes: further experience of cancer diagnosis. AB - A double-blind trial of the tanned-erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility test for cancer has been carried out. This included 70 normal subjects as controls, 61 subjects with disease other than cancer, and 229 cancer patients. Slowing values generally increased in the order given, with certain diseases having values within the range positive for cancer. Exposure to viral infection also tended to produce false positives. Slowing values above 50%, however, appear to be definitely associated with cancer. For the middle range of slowing values (25 50%) there is some overlap between the 3 groups, so that a statistical probability of the presence of malignancy is available from the test. With slowing values below 25% there is little likelhood of cancer. Tumour type influences the test result, as does, to a lesser extent, tumour bulk. PMID- 7000117 TI - Assessment of the response of tumours to radiation: clinical and experimental studies. AB - There is an important and active research programme at the laboratory and clinical level to develop indicators of the ultimate local response of tumours to radiation. In order to be of great value clinically indicators should yield a high true positivity and a low false positivity so that revisions of therapeutic strategy will be made only when there is a real need for such a change. The available data in the literature from the clinical studies, when analysed in terms of the true and false positive rates, indicate that the extent of regression at the completion of external beam therapy is not a useful prognostic indicator. This pertains to populations of tumour of a specific histopathological type, tumour size and anatomic site. Studies of laboratory animal tumour models have shown that regression patterns may be useful prognostic indicators for a tumour which is characterized by moderate immunogenicity and where there is close correlation between complete regression and permanent control. In contrast for tumours which are weakly or nonimmunogenic and which regress completely even at low tumour control probabilities, the pattern of regression has not been demonstrated to be of prognostic value. PMID- 7000118 TI - Human tumour xenografts: a critical appraisal. AB - Human tumours grown in immune-deficient mice are available for studies in experimental pathology and therapeutics. In addition to growth-delay experiments clonogenic assays can sometimes be performed. Xenografts often retain some characteristics of the source tumour but the amount of precise information on the maintenance of therapeutic sensitivity is small. Principal drawbacks include the difficulty of matching with human doses the dose of drugs given to the host mouse, and the probable existence of a substantial host reaction against the grafts. Principal benefits may be to studies that involve the intercomparison of human tumours in regard to therapeutic response. PMID- 7000119 TI - Can tumour response be assessed from a biopsy? AB - During a course of radiotherapy or chemotherapy the number of clonogenic cells in a tumour decreases exponentially. After one third of the treatment period more than 99% of the remaining tumour consists of doomed cells. Therefore, it would appear to be impossible to assess the therapeutic response of tumours directly from biopsy material taken during treatment. Nevertheless, attempts to study the therapeutic response during treatment have been made in order to obtain prognostic information on individuals so as to individualize treatment. A variety of approaches have been used. In carcinoma of the cervix a close correlation has been established between the results of some of these assays and local tumour control or long term survival of patients. Even without a complete understanding of the undelying mechanisms, these methods may be useful for the selection of patients for unconventional treatments like fast neutrons or other modalities which are not available to all patients. PMID- 7000121 TI - Flow cytometric and autoradiographic studies of human kidney carcinomas surgically removed after preirradiation. AB - In a randomized study of human renal adenocarcinomas the tumours were either preirradiated with 25 Gy of 42 MeV X-rays or removed without pretreatment. Nephrectomy was performed 3 1/2 weeks after the end of irradiation or in the untreated series immediately after diagnosis. The impairment of cell proliferation after irradiation was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and 3H autoradiography after in vitro incubation. From FCM DNA distributions the fractions of cells in the phases of cell cycle were computed. The results show good agreement between the S-phase fractions determined by FCM and autoradiography. Preliminary data from 14 patients, 5 preirradiated and 9 unirradiated show that the fraction of cells in S-phase was reduced from 0.06 +/- 0.03 in the unirradiated patients to 0.01 +/- 0.01 in the irradiated ones. 12 of the 14 adenocarcinomas had diploid DNA content (2C) and 2 were hyperdiploid. The results demonstrate that FCM can supplement the techniques available for the assessment of radiation response of human tumours. PMID- 7000120 TI - Flow cytometric applications to tumour biology: prospects and pitfalls. AB - A brief review of cytometry instrumentation and its potential applications in tumour biology is presented using our recent data. DNA distribution measurements of cells from spontaneous dog tumours and cultured cells after exposure to X rays, alpha particles or adriamycin are shown. The data show that DNA fluorescence measurments have application in the study of cell kinetics after either radiation or drug treatment. Extensive and careful experimentation is needed, however, to utilize the sophisticated developments in flow cytometry instrumentation. PMID- 7000122 TI - Analysis of tumour responses by excision and in vitro assay of cellular clonogenic capacity. AB - A review is presented of the advantages and problems associated with the use of in vitro assays of cellular clonogenic capacity when used to analyse responses of tumours treated in vivo, either with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. Three questions are considered: (1) Does the cell suspension obtained by the dispersion technique from various types of solid tumours provide an adequately random sample of the cells initially present in the tumour? (2) Are the properties of cells in suspensions obtained from solid tumours assayed in optimal conditions in vitro? (3) Are the properties expressed and analysed by in vitro techniques equivalent to the properties that the same cells would have expressed if they had been left in vivo, either in untreated or in treated tumours? It is concluded that the in vitro assay provides a valuable tool to analyse tumour responses but that the data obtained must be complemented by information on cell kinetics and other factors to obtain a complete description of tumour responses and to correlate them with tumour curability and growth delay. PMID- 7000123 TI - Diagnostic techniques: their strengths and weaknesses. AB - The diagnostic techniques available for estimating tumour volume in patients are reviewed, using tumours in the lungs and lymph nodes to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages. Tumour growth in lymph nodes is very difficult to assess using lymphography but useful information has been obtained in highly selected patients. The introduction of ultrasound and CT have provided a method of assessing tumour size once it has broken out beyond the confines of the node. In general, CT appears to be the most accurate method of estimating tumour regression and growth of abdominal tumour at the present time. Physical imaging techniques have been used in various other sites for estimating tumour volume but the main advantages and disadvantages of conventional radiology, ultrasound and CT have been illustrated. Isotope scanning and thermography have not been widely used to quantify tumour volume because other techniques provide better delineation of the tumour margin which is the most important factor. However, even the most accurate methods available today are still dependent on subjective visual assessment. PMID- 7000124 TI - Experimental chemotherapy studies: intercomparison of assays. AB - In a limited number of experimental tumour systems the response to chemotherapy has been measured in terms of both cell survival and tumour growth delay. Both of these endpoints have complicating factors which lead to problems in interpretation of results. The time after drug administration at which cell survival is measured can be of predominant importance. If the time is too short, drug action may be incomplete and recovery from potentially lethal damage may still be occurring. If the time is too long, proliferation of surviving clonogenic cells may have begun. Tumour growth delay on the other hand is likely to be influenced by the effect of the chemotherapy on the host, as well as on the tumour. This may be particularly important when the tumour is significantly immunogenic. The rate of regenerative proliferation of the surviving clonogenic cells can be different following treatment with different cytotoxic drugs, hence resulting in different periods of growth delay from the same initial level of cell killing. Also some agents appear to be significantly cytostatic, producing considerable growth delay in the absence of cell killing. New data are also presented for the RIF-1 tumour and for multicellular tumour spheroids of the EMT6/Ca/VJAC line. PMID- 7000125 TI - Is any single in situ assay of tumour response adequate? AB - The different assays available for measuring the response of undisturbed tumours in situ after therapy are reviewed. These are: animal survival time, regression rate of tumours, regrowth delay, local tumour control and loss of incorporated radioactivity. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each assay are reviewed in terms of cost-effectiveness and the relevance of the data they yield. For comparisons of different treatment modalities any single assay seems adequate provided a dose-response relationship can be demonstrated. The assay of choice will depend upon: the dose-range to be investigated, the amount of prior information that is required and the skills and apparatus that are available. No single assay is clearly best, but survival time and regression rate studies probably yield the least valuable information. If the main question is the absolute number of cells surviving a particular treatment, or the mechanisms leading to a given response, no single assay will yield as much information as a combination of several in situ techniques, together with excision assays. For clinically oriented questions, however, a single assay may be adequate. The choice of an appropriate tumour model is the most important factor in determining the relevance of the data obtained from mice for man. PMID- 7000127 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate in asthma: a comparison of two methods of administration. AB - Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled as a dry powder in doses of 200 microgram four times a day was compared with the usual dose of 100 microgram four times a day from a pressurized aerosol in 65 patients with asthma who used pressurized aerosols correctly. Each treatment was given for an eight-week period. The dry powder did not show any clinically significant advantage over the aerosol in terms of ventilatory function as measured by FEV1 and the daily peak flow measurements during both treatments did not differ. The incidence of oral candidiasis was low and no other side-effects were encountered. It was concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate in dry powder form was as effective as aerosol in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 7000126 TI - Can dose-survival parameters be deduced from in situ assays? AB - The most readily quantifiable end-points of tumour response in situ are regrowth delay and cure, but neither of these permits straightforward estimation of dose survival parameters for clonogenic cells. Regrowth delay, though often taken to reflect the magnitude of clonogenic survival, is usually the resultant of this component and of a component reflecting altered regrowth kinetics of surviving cells. Whilst altered kinetics of visible regrowth may be directly assessable, it is difficult to allow for altered kinetics of growth during the latent phase. Likewise, dose-cure studies, in principle, permit estimation of cellular parameters, but large-scale experiments are mandatory, and the analysis is beset by the existence of error-amplifying processes, requiring high levels of experimental accuracy to be attained. Recently attempts have been made to circumvent these difficulties by combining individual end-points and making use of the properties of tumours which transplant in accordance with Poisson statistics. Analyses based on these methods have yielded plausible estimates of the in situ parameters but the reliability of such procedures remains to be assessed. PMID- 7000129 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage for the preparation of free lung cells: technique and complications. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage at fibreoptic bronchoscopy enables the peripheral bronchoalveolar free cell population, which consists mainly of lymphocytes and macrophages, to be sampled. The yield is sufficient for detailed morphological and functional investigation of these cells, which can be separated by exploiting the glass-adherent or phagocytic properties of macrophages. Such studies are of particular interest in patients with recurrent chest infections, to detect abnormalities of local cellular immunity; in pulmonary fibrosis to assess activity of the disease and effect of treatment by observing morphology and testing function of free lung cells; and in bronchial carcinoma to investigate local immune responses to the tumour. The procedure is held to be ethical in these circumstances. The lavage consists of irrigation of a segmental bronchus through the fibreoptic bronchoscope with up to 500 ml pH-corrected normal saline solution. It is contraindicated in those with respiratory or cardiac risk, but is tolerated well by most patients. Complications include acute respiratory distress, vasovagal syncope and fever with pulmonary infiltrates. Lavage is associated with a mean fall of PaO2 of 3.0 kPa (22.7 mmHg) and routine oxygen supplementation is recommended. PMID- 7000128 TI - Comparison of fenoterol and terbutaline administered by intermittent positive pressure breathing. AB - The bronchodilator properties and side-effects of three doses of fenoterol (0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg) and terbutaline (2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg) were assessed in 12 patients with stable chronic asthma. The drugs were administered by intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) in 40% oxygen via a Bennett ventilator. No differences likely to be of clinical significance were found between the effects of the three different dose levels of fenoterol and terbutaline, although terbutaline had a significantly greater duration of action. It is concluded that fenoterol 2 mg and terbutaline 10 mg can be administered by IPPB in 40% oxygen for the treatment of asthma. PMID- 7000130 TI - Diagnosis of Nocardia pneumonia by transtracheal aspiration. AB - We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in which the microbiological diagnosis was made by transtracheal aspiration after all conventional methods had failed. The simplicity of the technique and the importance of diagnosing nocardiosis are discussed. PMID- 7000131 TI - Complement-independence of the acute-phase production of serum amyloijd P component (SAP) in mice. AB - Mice depleted of circulating C3 by injection of cobra factor (CoF), the C3 activating protein of cobra (Naja naja) venom, mounted the same acute-phase responses of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) to subsequent injection of casein, bacterial lipopolysaccharide or croton oil as did normal control mice. There was also evidence for accelerated synthesis of C3 itself in response to injection of these acute-phase stimulants in CoF-treated mice. On the other hand complement activation produced by injection of CoF alone did not cause any elevation of the serum SAP level. These results indicate that acute-phase plasma protein production can proceed independently of the complement system as a mediator of or participant in inflammatory reactions, and that complement activation alone is not a sufficient stimulus for an acute-phase response, at least of SAP. PMID- 7000132 TI - Focal mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in the rat caused by Habu venom: the effect of antiplatelet agents. AB - The effects of the antiplatelet agents aspirin (ASA), dipyridamole (DP) and prostacyclin (PGI2) on glomerulonephritis following Habu snake venom have been investigated. ASA greatly increases glomerular damage and PGI2 inhibits glomerular damage. DP suppresses glomerular proliferation. The results extend previous studies on platelet activity in this model and provide evidence that (1) glomerular injury involves a platelet/endothelial reaction and (2) glomerular proliferation is affected by an antiplatelet drug. PMID- 7000133 TI - Effect of purification steps on the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium leprae. AB - In studies aimed at the development of an antileprosy vaccine for use in man, Mycobacterium leprae suspensions were prepared from livers of experimentally infected armadillos. The 2 methods of purification in chief use, carried out after irradiation of the tissue with 2.5 megarads of gamma irradiation from 60Co, involved treatment with 0.1N NaOH for 2 h at room temperature, trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion for 24h at 37 degrees, and separation in a 2-phase liquid polymer (dextran:polyethylene glycol) system. All vaccines were autoclaved and injected intradermally in mice. Earlier studies have shown that heat inactivation does not interfere with the immunogenicity of M. leprae. Immunogenicity was measured by foot-pad enlargement (FPE) after challenge with heat-killed M. leprae suspensions or by protection against infectious foot-pad challenge. The results indicated that the irradiation and 2-phase separation did not decrease immunogenicity but the NaOH treatment and enzyme digestion did. PMID- 7000135 TI - Flow cytometry as a tool for the study of cell kinetics in epidermis. AB - Flow cytometric measurements of the DNA content were performed on a large number of skin biopsies by an automated technique. Expressed as a percentage of all viable cells in the epidermis, the figures for cells in S-phase averaged 1.8% and for G2M 0.9%. No significant differences due to sex were found. Concomitantly with age the ratio S/G2M (representing the duration of S to the duration of G2M) increased. Also seasonal effects were clear, showing higher values for S and G2M in June compared to November and December. Lastly we found small differences dependent on body-site, the ratio S/G2M being greater in legs than in arms. The present status is discussed together with future lines of development. PMID- 7000136 TI - A controlled trial of photochemotherapy for persistent palmoplantar pustulosis. AB - Twenty-two patients with bilaterally symmetrical persistent palmoplantar pustulosis were treated on one randomly selected side with oral psoralen and long wave ultraviolet light. The treated side cleared completely in twelve patients, almost cleared in five patients and improved in four. One patient improved on both sides. Fifteen of the twenty-two patients were then treated with topical psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light on the side that had previously been used as a control. Similar results were obtained. Seven patients cleared completely, six patients were much improved and two were improved. These results are significantly different from those liable to occur by chance (P < 0.001). PMID- 7000137 TI - Buccal mucosa immunofluorescence in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - The buccal mucosa in both coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis behaves in the same manner as the skin with regard to immunofluorescence. The simple technique of buccal punch biopsy can be used to give further confirmation of the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis and, especially in patients with an equivocal diagnosis, may prove easier than carrying out repeated skin biopsies. PMID- 7000134 TI - Experimental benign and malignant hypertension with malignant nephrosclerosis. PMID- 7000138 TI - IgA bullous pemphigoid: a distinct blistering disorder. Case report and review of the literature. AB - We report a patient with an eccrine carcinoma who developed localized blistering which clinically resembled pemphigoid, histologically showed subepidermal blistering with features of both dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid, responded to dapsone and exhibited linear IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence. The nosological position of patients with linear IgA deposition and subepidermal blistering is not clear. A review of the literature reveals that in adults linear IgA deposition may occur in three separate situations: dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous pemphigoid and a third condition of which our case is an example which is best termed IgA bullous pemphigoid. This condition is distinguished from cases of dermatitis herpetiformis with linear IgA by the clinical features and the site of IgA deposition on immunoelectronmicroscopy. It is distinguished from cases of bullous pemphigoid with linear IgA by the absence of circulating IgG antibasement membrane zone antibody, the therapeutic response to dapsone and the frequent occurrence of circulating IgA antibasement membrane zone antibody. IgA bullous pemphigoid has not previously been reported with a carcinoma but the association lends further support to the concept that this eruption represents a variant of pemphigoid. PMID- 7000139 TI - Therapy of psoriasis: comparison of photochemotherapy and several variants of phototherapy. AB - Four treatments involving light were compared in two series of patients with severe psoriasis. The first series consisted of ten patients, who were treated by the method of paired comparisons. The treatments given were: (1) exposure to fluorescent sunlamps (B); (2) the same, supplemented by fluorescent UV-A lamps (A + B); (3) the same as (2) with the addition of the radiation from germicidal lamps (A + B + C); (4) photochemotherapy with oral 8-MOP followed by UV-A (PUVA); (5) one of the fields served as control, receiving no light at all. The second series consisted of thirty patients. They were treated either with PUVA or with a placebo capsule followed by A + B (pUVAB). The phototherapies examined differed from many previous attempts in that the increments in dose were made sufficiently large to overcome the increasing tolerance of the skin to light during the treatment. It is concluded (a) that phototherapy, if conducted in this way, is as effective as PUVA, and (b) that the effectiveness achieved with the phototherapies examined is due to the light from the fluorescent sunlamps (B). PMID- 7000140 TI - Dithrocream in psoriasis. PMID- 7000142 TI - Do systemic antipruritic agents work? PMID- 7000141 TI - Long-term photochemotherapy: histopathological and immunofluorescence observations in 243 patients. AB - Skin biopsies of 243 patients treated with photochemotherapy (PUVA) for 1--4 years were examined histologically. Two hundred and six patients were examined retrospectively after total cumulative UV-A doses of 579 . 6 +/- 598 . 0 J/cm2 (mean +/- s.d.). An eosinophilic homogenization and a reduction of elastic fibres at the dermo--epidermal junction, and an increase of dermal macrophages were found as possible abnormalities. However, except for the increase of melanophages there was no statistically significant correlation between the incidence of these changes, the total UV-A dose applied and the skin type of the patients. Neither were such correlations found in thirty-seven patients biopsies twice after 394 . 8 +/- 267 . 6 J/cm2 and 808 . 5 +/- 458 . 9 J/cm2 (mean +/- s.d.), respectively. Studies with direct immunofluorescence techniques revealed no immunoglobulin deposits in PUVA treated skin in fifty-six patients after 469 . 2 +/- 370 . 2 J/cm2; antinuclear antibodies were observed in 4 . 6% of 129 patients after 169 J/cm2 (mean); in 11% of fifty-three patients reexamined after 381 J/cm2 (mean) and in 13 . 6% of twenty-two patients reexamined a second time after 643 J/cm2 (mean). Thirteen out of a total of 572 patients developed a peculiar mottling of skin in areas previously overdosed by PUVA. Subepidermal homogenization and reduction of elastic fibres were found in 45% of the patients, indicating that these changes indeed are a consequence of PUVA. Nuclear and cellular irregularities were found in 45% of the biopsies and 63% showed a disturbed epidermal architecture, but no carcinomas were observed. PUVA-induced mottling was reversible in 31%, partially reversible in 15%, but continued to be present in 54%. PMID- 7000143 TI - Dilutions of corticosteroids. PMID- 7000144 TI - Immunofluorescence findings in pityriasis lichenoides. PMID- 7000145 TI - Bullous pemphigoid, polymyalgia rheumatica and thyroid disease. AB - This paper describes the occurrence of bullous pemphigoid in a 71-year-old female patient who subsequently developed polymyalgia rheumatica and hyperthyroidism. The association of bullous pemphigoid with other autoimmune disorders is discussed. PMID- 7000146 TI - Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica--a new cutaneous marker of malignancy. AB - The historical background and the main clinical features of a specific paraneoplastic dermatosis, acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, are reviewed. Typical features are erythematous scaly lesions on the extremities, ears and bridge of the nose, associated with a malignancy, most frequently in the laryngopharyngeal region. PMID- 7000147 TI - Cutaneous carcinoma arising in erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp. PMID- 7000148 TI - The cutaneous manifestations of paraproteinaemia. I. PMID- 7000150 TI - Isolation and characterization of normal human megakaryocytes. AB - Human megakaryocytes have been isolated from marrow obtained from ribs removed at thoracotomy. All but one of the patients had normal pre-operative platelet and leucocyte counts. Megakaryocytes averaged 0.37% of all cells in marrow cell suspensions from nine consecutive subjects. A 283-fold purification (to 10.3%) was achieved by a density gradient centrifugation followed by two successive velocity sedimentations at unit gravity. The net yield, 12 800 megakaryocytes per specimen, was sufficient for many kinds of morphological study. Bright-field, phase contrast, and electron microscopy were used to characterize the younger and smaller megakaryocytes. Ploidy analyses were carried out on 100--235 megakaryocytes per specimen; 8N was the predominant ploidy class in isolated megakaryocyte populations from three individuals. The mean megakaryocyte diameter was 24 micrometers in three other specimens and the range was 10--48 micrometers. This data had a normal distribution and overlapped minimally with the size range of all other marrow cells. The presence of a distinct size threshold (at 11.5 micrometers) implied that size alone may be a sufficient objective criterion for identification of human megakaryocytes. PMID- 7000149 TI - Active immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia: report of two controlled trials. AB - Over 6 1/2 years, 182 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were treated with one of two combinations of chemotherapy containing cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline (daunorubicin or doxorubicin). Eighty-one patients achieved remission and 79 of them were entered into one of two trials of active immunotherapy. The first trial compared maintenance chemotherapy and i.v. BCG immunotherapy with chemotherapy alone. The results have shown that the group given i.v. BCG survived for a significantly longer time (P = 0.035) than the group treated only with chemotherapy. The i.v. BCG treated group also had a significantly longer survival (P = 0.042) after their first relapse and a higher incidence of subsequent remissions. However, there was no difference in the length of first remissions for the two groups. The second trial compared two different types of active immunotherapy. The results show no significant difference in remission duration or survival after first relapse for 34 patients randomly allocated to treatment with i.v. BCG or irradiated leukaemic blast cells. Sixteen patients relapsed and subsequently 10 patients entered a second remission after reinduction chemotherapy. These patients were distributed evenly between the two immunotherapy groups and this high rate of second remissions is similar to that for the immunotherapy group in the first Cardiff Trial. In the two trials, 21 (62%) of 34 patients receiving immunotherapy entered a second remission after reinduction chemotherapy and six patients achieved third remissions. PMID- 7000151 TI - Haemorheological aspects of thrombosis. PMID- 7000152 TI - Histological study of bone marrow regeneration following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic granulocytic leukaemia in blast transformation. PMID- 7000154 TI - Insulin levels in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7000155 TI - Quantitative aspects of the destruction of red cells sensitized with IgG1 autoantibodies: an application of flow cytofluorometry. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether quantitative or qualitative factors are of major importance in the destruction of red cells sensitized with incomplete warm autoantibodies of subclass IgG1. To that end, the relative amount of igG1 antibody present on the red cells of patients with autoantibodies of this subclass only, was measured by means of continuous flow cytofluorometry. This method appeared to give an idea of the amount of antibody on red cells and was reproducible. The intensity of the fluorescence of patient's red cells, measured after incubation with a FITC-labelled anti-IgG1, was compared with the presence or absence of signs of increased haemolysis in vivo and the cytotoxic activity of normal monocytes towards these red cells in vitro. It appearedthat it was predominantly the amount of IgG1 autoantibody that determined whether or not these antibodies induced haemolysis in vivo or cytotoxicity of monocytes in vitro. This was also true with methyldopa-induced IgG1 autoantibodies. PMID- 7000153 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in Fanconi anaemia. AB - Five patients with Fanconi anaemia have been treated by bone marrow transplantation from HLA identical donors. Only one patient survived for more than 3 years. She is now perfectly healthy with complete haematological reconstitution with chimaerism and disparition of chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast, four patients died of acute severe GVHD soon after grafting. In addition, all had signs of severe cyclophosphamide toxicity. This evolution could be explained by a special sensitivity of FA cells to alkylating agents and may indicate the need to modify the conditioning regimen in FA patients. PMID- 7000156 TI - The red cell and the malarial parasite. PMID- 7000158 TI - Iron binding proteins in selected human peripheral blood cell sets: immunofluorescence. AB - Selected populations of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells were examined for their intracellular content of lactoferrin transferrin and ferritin by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Lactoferrin was found in polymorphs but not in lymphoid cells. Two different lactoferrin staining patterns were observed which we designated 'perinuclear', characterized by a ring of positive material round the nucleus, and cytoplasmic, in which most positive material was distributed in the cytoplasm. The former staining pattern was found in high density polymorphs the latter was associated with low density polymorphs occasionally found contaminating the peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspension. After incubation in vitro, the perinuclear pattern changed to cytoplasmic staining. Transferrin was found in T cells and polymorphs. In contrast, only a few transferrin containing cells were detected in the B cell and monocyte fractions. Following overnight incubation, a halo of positive material was found surrounding T cells stained for transferrin, suggesting that T cells released transferrin during incubation. Ferritin was also found in T cells and adherent cells. Following latex particle ingestion, the intensity of ferritin staining was markedly increased. Only a small proportion of lymphoid cells and monocytes stained for transferrin or ferritin in the total peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspension. The results indicate, therefore, that in response to manipulation procedures used routinely for the selection of human peripheral blood lymphoid cells, detectable amounts of transferrin and ferritin are present in T but not B cells. The fact that T cells are equipped with proteins known to participate in binding and storage of iron may constitute, at least in part, the basis for the contribution of these cells to the regulation of other major biological systems. PMID- 7000157 TI - The anaemia of P. falciparum malaria. AB - The haematological changes in a group of young Gambian children with P. falciparum malaria have been analysed. In children with acute infection anaemia was most marked during the period after treatment. Although many of these patients developed a positive direct Coombs test during this period of the illness it is not clear whether the anaemia which occurs after treatment has an immune basis. A second group of children showed quite different haematological findings. They appear to have a more chronic form of P. falciparum malaria infection, were profoundly anaemic at presentation, showed gross dyserythropoietic changes in their bone marrows, and had a full reticulocyte response and rise in haemoglobin after treatment. A third group of children were encountered whose haematological abnormalities were intermediate to those of the acute and chronic groups. These findings indicate that the patho-physiological mechanisms responsible for the anaemia of P. falciparum malaria are different at different stages of the illness. PMID- 7000160 TI - Successful pregnancies in women treated by dialysis and kidney transplantation. Report from the Registration Committee of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. AB - The Registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association collected information on 120 successful pregnancies in women treated by dialysis and transplantation in 19 countries. Ninety-seven women with transplants gave birth to 110 babies including five multiple pregnancies. The incidence of severe congenital malformation in these children was not substantially increased. There was evidence of damage to the transplant occurring either during or after pregnancy in 22 of the mothers. Sixteen successful pregnancies occurred in women on dialysis, all of whom had some residual renal function. PMID- 7000159 TI - Mortality experience of 161 employees exposed to ethylene dibromide in two production units. AB - Animal studies have indicated the carcinogenic potential of ethylene dibromide (EDB). Examination of the mortality experience of employees exposed to EDB in two production units operated from 1942 to 1969 and from the mid-1920s to 1976, respectively, showed that in the first unit two deaths from malignant neoplasms were observed against 3.6 expected (based on US white male mortality), and in the second unit, where there was potential exposure to various organic bromide products, five deaths from malignant neoplasms (2.2 expected) were observed. Findings of this investigation neither rule out nor establish EDB to be a human carcinogen. Far fewer malignant neoplasms, however, have been observed than might have been expected from a direct extrapolation of data obtained from experiments on animals. PMID- 7000161 TI - Infection with non-sporing anaerobes in obstetrics and gynaecology. A review. PMID- 7000162 TI - Renin substrate, active and acid-activatable renin concentrations in human plasma and endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle. AB - Renin substrate, active and total renin concentrations were measured in plasma and endometrial samples obtained from 101 patients, all of whom were having normal menstrual cycles. The endometrial samples were found to contain all of these components of the renin-angiotensin system in considerably higher concentrations than those found in the plasma. There was no correlation between the plasma and endometrial concentrations of any of these substances and it is suggested that they may be produced locally in the endometrium. A marked increase in the angiotensin producing potential of the endometrium was noted immediately before menstruation, indicating a possible function in the control of endometrial blood flow. PMID- 7000164 TI - Small biparietal diameter of fetuses with spina bifida: implications for antenatal screening. PMID- 7000163 TI - Renin substrate, active and acid-activatable renin concentrations in human plasma and endometrium during menstrual cycles controlled by oral contraceptive preparations. AB - Measurements of active and acid-activatable renin concentrations and renin substrate concentrations in plasma and endometrial samples taken from 31 patients are described. All of these patients were taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptive preparations. Plasma active renin concentration was lower in these cycles than in normal cycles and the substrate concentrations higher. In the endometrium the concentrations of all of the components of the system were raised by oral contraceptives. As with normal cycles, the maximum potential for production of the angiotensins was in the premenstrual stage of the cycle. It is suggested that this increase in potential is associated with the onset of menstruation. PMID- 7000165 TI - John Creery Ferguson. Friend of William Stokes and pioneer of auscultation of the fetal heart in the British Isles. PMID- 7000166 TI - Preliminary experience of the use of meptazinol as an obstetric analgesic. AB - Following an open pilot trial, meptazinol [m(3-ethyl-1-methyl-hexahydro-1-H azepin-3-yl) phenol hydrochloride] was compared to pethidine in a single-blind study in women requiring analgesia during labour. Meptazinol provided significantly better analgesia than pethidine with similar but possibly less distressing maternal side effects. There were no obvious adverse effects in the newborn. PMID- 7000167 TI - Flurbiprofen in the management of dysmenorrhoea. AB - The analgesic effect of flurbiprofen, aspirin and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea was compared in 41 patients using a double blind triple crossover study. No statistically significant differences were found between any pair of treatments and the control for pain relief. Thirty patients had assessments for all three treatment months, 11 preferred flurbiprofen, 9 preferred placebo, 6 preferred aspirin and 4 had no preference between any of the treatments. Side effects were reported by 14 of the 41 patients: 3 during the control month, 6 during the flurbiprofen month, 4 during the aspirin month and 7 during the placebo month. PMID- 7000168 TI - The treatment of premenstrual symptoms with mefenamic acid. AB - Thirty-seven patients suffering from premenstrual symptoms were each studied through three menstrual cycles. After a control cycle, mefenamic acid and placebo were given during the luteal phase of the cycle in a random double-blind cross over manner, each patient serving as her own control. The dosage of mefenamic acid was 500 mg thrice daily. Medication significantly improved premenstrual symptoms, particularly tension, irritability, depression, pain and headache. It was not effective for breast symptoms. Most patients complaining of premenstrual symptoms also had menstrual symptoms, which were also improved by the mefenamic acid. PMID- 7000169 TI - A double-blind cross-over study of piperazine oestrone sulphate and placebo with coagulation studies. AB - A double-blind trial of piperazine oestrone sulphate was performed over a period of 14 months on 55 menopausal women complaining of depressiona and hot flushes. Depression was not affected but the hot flushes were significantly lessened by the oestrogen treatment. After three months of piperazine oestrone sulphate there were no significant accelerations of prothrombin time or increases in factors VII or X but, after six months, there was an acceleration in the prothrombin time. After 14 months those who received piperazine oestrone sulphate for the first six months showed a significant increase in alpha 1-antitrypsin and factor VIIR:AG. Oestrone piperazine sulphate appears to produce less marked changes in coagulation than oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives or conjugated equine oestrogens. PMID- 7000170 TI - A comparison of acyclovir and idoxuridine as treatment for ulcerative herpetic keratitis. AB - Sixty patients were treated with either acyclovir 2% ointment or idoxuridine 1% ointment 5 times a day in a stratified randomised double-blind clinical trial. The 2 antiviral agents were equally effective. PMID- 7000171 TI - Randomised double-blind trial of acyclovir and idoxuridine in dendritic corneal ulceration. AB - The results of a randomised double-blind clinical trial of 3% acyclovir and 0.5% idoxuridine (IDU) ophthalmic ointments in 60 patients with corneal dendritic ulceration are presented. Ulcers in all 30 patients treated with acyclovir healed compared with 22 (76%) of 29 patients treated with IDU (P < 0.01). Patients treated with acyclovir healed more rapidly (average 4.4 days) than those who received IDU (average 9.2 days) (P < 0.01). No serious side effects were observed, though transient stinging was recorded in 8 patients receiving acyclovir and in 2 patients receiving IDU. Other side effects in the IDU treated group were watering in 2 patients and superficial punctate erosions in 6 patients. PMID- 7000172 TI - Addition of timolol maleate to routine medical therapy: a clinical trial. AB - A double-blind cross-over trial of timolol maleate (Timoptol) while routine medical therapy was continued gave the result that pressure was reduced by 3.22 mmHg is compared to placebo and 5.01 compared to pre-timolol levels in 24 patients. There was also a small (1.858 mmHg) drop in pressure in placebo treated eyes, a small and statistically significant drop in resting pulse rate, 76.67 to 71.39/min, and a small but not statistically significant drop in diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 7000173 TI - Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - Although rare, ocular reticulum cell sarcoma presents a recognisable clinical pattern, as confirmed by 3 new cases. Typical patients, in their sixth and seventh decades, initially complain of gradual visual loss. Examination reveals 'uveitis' with prominent vitreous debris and/or chorioretinal infiltrative lesions. Topical steroid and mydriatic therapy is ineffective. Reticulum cell sarcoma in the central nervous or other systems may precede or accompany the ophthalmic presentation. In an increasing number of cases tissue diagnosis and effective therapy have followed vitreous aspiration. PMID- 7000174 TI - Morphology of graft endothelium and donor age. AB - The corneal endothelium of 42 clear corneal transplants was studied with a specular microscope. The endothelial cell morphology was analysed by using a computerised image analysis system. A quantitative index was developed to study the degree of variation in cell size. By applying this objective index we observed that pleomorphism is independent of age, and considerable alteration occurs in cell morphology during healing. PMID- 7000175 TI - Athalamia as a late complication after keratoplasty on aphakic eyes. AB - In 3 cases of keratoplasty in aphakic eyes 4--8 months after surgery a gradual flattening of the anterior chamber was observed. During the initial postoperative months there was no suggestion of any impending complication. No synechiae at the anterior chamber angle were present, the anterior vitreous face had remained intact without being in contact with the posterior corneal surface, and the intraocular pressure remained within normal limits. Separation of anterior synechiae as well as vitrectomy via pars plana resulted merely in a temporary amelioration of this condition. Within a few days the anterior chamber was abolished again. The corneal buttons displayed epithelial oedema; the deeper layers, however, remained clear. Development of secondary glaucoma was kept under control either by appropriate medication or by cyclocryotherapy. The phenomenon reported here developed only in cases in which the anterior vitreous face had remained intact. It seems possible that this type of late complication may be avoided by prophylactic vitrectomy. PMID- 7000177 TI - Enamel los on bond removal. PMID- 7000176 TI - Clinical trial of the use of rotating grating patterns in the treatment of amblyopia. PMID- 7000178 TI - Technique of rapid expansion in patients with cleft lip and palate. PMID- 7000179 TI - Divergence of the in vitro biological activity and receptor binding affinity of a synthetic insulin analogue, [21-asparaginamide-A]insulin. AB - The [21-asparaginamide-A]insulin ([Asn-(NH2)21-A]insulin) was synthesized by the procedures developed in this laboratory to investigate the contribution of the C terminal residue, asparagine, of the A chain to the biological activity and receptor binding affinity of insulin. Its secondary structure was investigated by circular dichroism studies. The biological behavior of this analogue was compared with that of insulin in in vitro and in vivo tests and in receptor binding assays. In contrast to other naturally occurring insulins and to all insulin analogues synthesized thus far, [Asn-(NH2)21-A]insulin displays a disparity between receptor binding affinity and in vitro biological potency. In stimulating glucose oxidation and lipogenesis the analogue exhibited potencies of 12 and 14.8%, respectively, compared to insulin. In insulin receptor binding assays, however, this analogue was found to possess a relative potency at least fourfold higher than the in vitro biological activities. In rat liver membranes and in isolated fat cells the analogue exhibited affinities of ca. 63.9 and 51.4%, respectively, compared to the natural insulin. Both the synthetic analogue and the natural hormone have the same maximal activity in the in vitro assays and their dose-response curves are parallel. When assayed in vivo by the mouse convulsion test, [Asn(NH2)21-A]insulin displays a potency of ca. 72% that of the native insulin. This might indicate partial amidolysis of the analogue in vivo, resulting in conversion to the natural hormone. The implications of these observations are considered with regard to insulin-receptor interactions and the generation of the physiological response to the hormone. PMID- 7000180 TI - Kinetic studies of the mechanism of pyridine nucleotide dependent reduction of yeast glutathione reductase. PMID- 7000181 TI - Comparative properties of genetically defined peptidases in maize. AB - Four aminopeptidase isozymes (AMP1-AMP4) and an endopeptidase (ENP) from maize have been purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex ionexchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Hydroxylapatite chromatography further purified some of the peptidases. Comparisons of molecular weights, substrate specificities, and responses of peptidases to various reagents were made. The aminopeptidases varied in reactivities with the naphthylamide derivatives of amino acids. AMP1 and AMP3 were most active with the arginine and lysine derivatives; AMP2 was most active with the alanine and glycine derivatives and AMP4 was most active with the phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, and tryptophan derivatives. Molecular weights as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 were 92000, 86500, 83000, 61000, and 67600 for AMP1, AMP2, AMP3, AMP4, and ENP1, respectively. AMP2 had a molecular weight of 88000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AMP2 hydrolyzed the dipeptide derivatives, glycylglycyl-beta-naphthylamide and glycylphenylalanyl beta-naphthylamide. Aminopeptidases were strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and p-mercuribenzoate. AMP1, AMP2, and AMP3 were inhibited by 1,10 phenanthroline, whereas AMP4 was not. AMP4 closely resembled aminopeptidases purified from barley grains and pea seeds. ENP was inhibited by p-mercuribenzoate and tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone. PMID- 7000182 TI - Immunologically specific complexes of chromosomal nonhistone proteins with deoxyribonucleic acid in chicken erythroid nuclei. AB - Erythroid cell-specific antisera capable of detecting chromosomal nonhistone protein-DNA complexes were obtained by injecting rabbits with dehistonized chicken reticulocyte chromatin. The specific antigenic nonhistone protein-DNA complexes were relatively inaccessible to the antiserum in isolated erythrocyte chromatin. However, isolation of chromatin from cells at earlier stages of erythropoiesis or treatment of isolated erythrocyte chromatin with polyanions or phenylhydrazine provided materials with significantly increased immunological reactivity. The altered activity was caused by changes in conformation occurring at two levels: a specific one, determined by chromosomal nonhistone proteins, and a more general one, determined by histones. Immunological examination of fractionated products obtained from limited nuclease digestion revealed the localization of the antigenic complexes in the nuclease-resistant, large fragments of erythroid chromatin. The nuclease-resistant DNA isolated from the immunologically reactive fragments migrated in gel electrophoresis as a diffuse band of between 1000 and 2000 base pairs. No preferential accumulation of globin specifying DNA sequences could be found in this nuclease-resistant DNA. The protein fraction containing the immunologically cell-specific complexes in chicken erythrocyte chromatin was glycosylated and moderately acidic (by amino acid anaysis) with an electrophoretically determined Mr of approximately 90000. PMID- 7000183 TI - Proteolytic nicking of the acetylcholine receptor. AB - Low concentrations of papin rapidly cleave solubilized or membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) from Torpedo californica into a wide range of small fragments. The alpha subunits of the receptor are most resistant to cleavage. After solubilization in sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions the fragments are dissociated, and on electrophoresis the apparent subunit composition is reduced from four types (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) to only alpha and finally, with large amounts of papain, to fragments even smaller than alpha. Prior to dissociation in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the proteolytic fragments remain physically and functionally associated. Thus, receptor which has been degraded so as to apparently contain only alpha subunits, or even no obvious subunits, still retains antigenic determinants corresponding to each subunit, still retains its characteristic size and doughnut shape when examined electron microscopically, and still sediments as dimers on sucrose gradients. Moreover, proteolytically nicked receptor remains fully functional in carbamylcholine-induced 22Na+ flux. These results demonstrate that inadequate inhibition of proteases during purification of receptor could account for reports from some laboratories that they have purified receptors containing only alpha subunits or fragments of alpha subunits. Also, our results demonstrate the strong noncovalent association between AcChR subunits which has thus far precluded their separation except under denaturing conditions in sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 7000184 TI - Physicochemical properties and interactions of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase holoenzyme, core enzyme, subunits, and subassembly alpha 2 beta. AB - We have investigated several physicochemical properties of Escherichia coli DNA dependent RNa polymerase, its constituent subunits alpha, beta, beta', and sigma, and the subassembly alpha 2 beta. These included ultraviolet (UV) absorption, isoelectric points, sulfhydryl content, extinction coefficients, and circular dichroism (CD). Among the most notable results is the observation, based on CD measurements, that the sigma subunit, free and combined in holoenzyme, is a highly structured protein with approximately 75% of its residues folded in alpha helical conformation and little or no detectable beta sheet. No secondary structure changes in either sigma or core accompany formation of holoenzyme. In contrast to the conformational independence of the subunits in assembly of holoenzyme, the protein and its components exhibit conformational flexibility as glycerol concentration is varied and in their interaction with DNA. The effect of glycerol on the conformation of sigma, core, and holoenzyme was monitored by circular dichroism measurements. In the far-ultraviolet, the residue ellipticity at 220 nm ([theta]220) increased approximately 15% from 0 to 10% glycerol for both core and holoenzyme. In the near-ultraviolet, the residue ellipticity at a peak near 280 nm also varied with glycerol concentration, decreasing in intensity by about 50% with holoenzyme, when glycerol was raised from 5 to 10%, then increasing at still higher glycerol contents. Electrophoretic and molecular sieve anaysis showed core and sigma to have greater affinity for each other in 50% glycerol than in 10% glycerol. The presence of 10% glycerol in the assay buffer increased the activity of the enzyme. The effect of various DNA templates on the conformations of core, holoenzyme, alpha 2 beta subassembly, and beta' subunit was also monitored by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism. All the protein samples showed between 10 and 20% decrease in secondary structure upon the addition of the DNA. PMID- 7000185 TI - Kinetic mechanism of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase SS. AB - The kinetic mechanism of SS isozyme of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is shown by initial velocity and product inhibition studies to be asymmetrical, being random for ethanol oxidation and compulsory ordered for acetaldehyde reduction. Enzyme isomerization seems to account for the asymmetry in the mechanism. In its interaction with NADH, the SS isozyme resembles classical alcohol dehydrogenase; consequently, the maximal velocity in the direction from ethanol to acetaldehyde appears to be determined by the rate of NADH dissociation. In the direction from acetaldehyde to ethanol, the enzyme isomerization step appears to limit the maximal velocity. PMID- 7000187 TI - Binding of heavy meromyosin and subfragment-1 to thin filaments in myofibrils and single muscle fibers. AB - The binding of fluorescently labeled heavy meromyosin (HMM) and heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 (S-1) to thin filaments of myofibrils and of rabbit psoas muscle fibers was measured under conditions of rigor and contraction. The fragments diffused rapidly into the myofibrillar space and bound specifically to the thin filaments. The fragments bound strongest and in a uniform fashion to myofibrils in which the competition from indigenous myosin was abolished by removing it with Hasselbach-Schneider solution. Under these conditions, the rigor Ka values for HMM and S-1 were 1.5 x 10(6) M-1 and 4.8 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. The stoichiometry of binding was measured by independently estimating the concentration of actin sites. S-1 was found to be capable of saturating all available actin sites in a myofibril or a fiber, but HMM could only occupy 50% of the sites. PMID- 7000186 TI - Primary and secondary deuterium isotope effects on equilibrium constants for enzyme-catalyzed reactions. AB - Primary deuterium equilibrium isotope effects for the reaction of five secondary alcohols with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (DPN) to give reduced deuterionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (DPND) (cyclohexanol-1-d, 1.18; 2 propanol-2-d, 1.175; threo-DL-isocitrate-2-d, 1.168; L-malate-2-d, 1.173; L lactate-2-d, 1.19) are all approximately 1.18, while for a primary alcohol, ethanol, the value is 1.07, for an amino acid, L-glutamate-2-d, it is 1.14, and for a hemiacetal, glucose-1-d, it is 1.28. In each case deuterium becomes enriched in the alcohol, amino acid, or hemiacetal with respect to DPNH (TPNH). beta-Secondary equilibrium isotope effects for reduction of ketones by DPNH (cyclohexanone-2,2,6,6-d4, 0.82; acetone-d6, 0.78; pyruvate-d3, 0.83; alpha ketoglutarate-3,3-d2 reduced to glutamate, 0.898; oxaloacetate-3,3-d2, 0.877; oxaloacetate-3R-d, 0.945) give an average value of 0.946/D, with deuterium becoming enriched in the alcohol or amino acid with respect to the ketone. For reduction of acetaldehyde-1-d by DPNH, the observed value of 0.953 includes the equilibrium effect on the hydration equilibrium in addition to that on the reduction, and the calculated values for reduction of the free aldehyde and the hydrate are 0.78 and 1.07. For reduction of benzaldehyde-1-d, which is not hydrated, the observed value was 0.79. The secondary equilibrium isotope effect for conversion of DPN-4-d to DPNH is 0.89, with deuterium becoming enriched in DPNH, and, for conversion of fumarate-2,3-d2 to malate, the value is 0.69, with deuterium becoming enriched in L-malate. The equilibrium isotope effect for reaction of cyclohexanol-1-d with DPN is temperature independent over the range 15-35 degrees C. PMID- 7000188 TI - Sphingomyelins in bilayers and biological membranes. PMID- 7000190 TI - Effects of glucose and magnesium ion on the quenching of yeast hexokinase fluorescence by acrylamide. AB - To probe the effects of the substrate, glucose, and the cofactor, Mg2+, on the structure of hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1), titrations of the tryptophan fluorescence of yeast hexokinase isozyme P-II(B) were performed. Acrylamide was used as a quenching titrant in the absence and in the presence of glucose and Mg2+ singly and together at pH 5.5 and 8.3 at 20 degrees C. The four tryptophan residues of the monomeric subunit of yeast hexokinase may be classified as two surface residues, one being highly accessible to dissolved I- and one with restricted accessibility to I-, one glucose quenchable residue in the cleft, and one buried (Kramp, D.C. and Feldman, I. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 537, 406--416). The acrylamide data were analyzed by least-squares computer analysis for quenching constants and fractional fluorescence values of the tryptophan residues. The quenching constants measure the accessibilities of the residues to the quencher, while the fractional fluorescences are related to the microenvironments of the fluorophores. At each pH value, glucose altered the quenching constants, but not the fractional fluorescence, of the tryptophan residues. Mg2+ greatly accentuated at this glucose effect, especially for the surface residue near the cleft opening. Comparison of acrylamide- and I-quenching data shows that this particular residue has a positively charged microenvironment. A pH change from 5.5 to 8.3 increased the acylamide-accessibility of the cleft tryptophan but did not seem to influence accessibility of the surface residues or the buried residue significantly, thus strengthening our previous conclusion that the cleft opening is small enough at pH 5.5 to partially restrict entrance of organic molecules and negative ions. However, with saturating glucose present there was a pH effect on the surface residue accessibility. Titrations in 55 vol.% glycerol suggest the presence of transient channels (not just holes) in the hexokinase structure, which allows penetration of the protein by solution. Consequently, the buried tryptophan residue is quenched more strongly by dissolved acrylamide than is attributable to diffusion of quencher through the protein matrix. PMID- 7000189 TI - The binding of a fluorescent activator 2-(N-decyl)aminonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid to pyruvate oxidase. AB - E. coli pyruvate oxidase (pyruvate:ferricytochrome b1 oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.2.2) is a peripheral membrane flavoenzyme which has been purified to homogeneity. In vivo the oxidase resides on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and is coupled to the bacterial electron transport chain. In vitro, the purified oxidase requires lipids for full enzymatic activity. Previous studies have characterized the conformational and energetic coupling between the lipid-binding site(s) and the catalytic active site. The affinity of the enzyme for phospholipids and detergents is significantly enhanced when the flavoprotein is in the reduced form, i.e., in the presence of pyruvate and the required cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate. The lipid-binding studies were hindered due to the complicating factor of the self-association of the substrate-reduced flavoprotein. In this paper, fluorescence techniques are employed to measure the binding of a detergent like activator to the oxidase. The experiments are performed at much lower protein concentrations than previously employed, so that protein aggregation is not a problem. The chromophore on the activator, 2-(N-decyl)aminonaphthalene-6 sulfonic acid is effective at quenching the pyruvate oxidase intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Quenching titrations are used to obtain the binding isotherm. AT DNS concentrations less than 10(-5) M, the results show a larger amount of DNS binding to the reduced flavoprotein than to the oxidized form of the enzyme. This is the concentration range where DNS is an effective activator of the enzyme. This represents a class of binding sites specifically found on pyruvate oxidase and not apparent in other proteins such as lysozyme or aldolase. At the DNS concentration which is optimum for activation approx. 20 molecules of DNS are bound per enzyme tetramer in the absence of the substrate. The pyruvate-reduced form of the enzyme binds about 40--50 molecules of DNS per tetramer. Qualitatively, the results are similar to what was previously found for both sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide. However, in both these cases, the amount of bound detergent was nearly an order of magnitude less than the values obtained using DNS. PMID- 7000191 TI - Interaction of proteinases and their inhibitors from yeast. Activation of carboxypeptidase Y. AB - In a crude extract of baker's carboxypeptidase Y is predominantly found in an inactive form. A procedure for the isolation of the inactive form of the enzyme is presented. It is shown that the inactive form is identical to the reconstituted complex of carboxypeptide Y with its inhibitor. This complex is stable above pH 5, i.e., it remains inactive between pH 5 and 9. The conversion to the active enzyme occurs below pH 5, also in the absence of proteolytic enzymes. The inhibitor of carboxypeptidase Y can be removed enzymatically from the complex by treatment with proteinase B (EC 3.4.22.9) at pH 7. At pH 5, the carboxypeptidase Y-inhibitor complex is activated both by proteinase A (EC 3.4.23.6) and B. Yeast proteinases are activated in a crude extract by incubation at pH 5 [3]. Based on the levels of proteinase A and B in an activated extract and on the time required for conversion to active carboxypeptidase Y, proteinase B is at least 10-times more effective than proteinase A. Peptides that arise during the pH 5-incubation procedure did not accelerate the proteolytic activation of carboxypeptidase Y. The inhibitor of carboxypeptidase Y is completely degraded in the proteolytic activation steps, no accumulation of intermediates is observed. Only one form of active carboxypeptidase Y is found to be present in the proteolytically activated extracts, i.e., no polypeptide fragments of carboxypeptidase Y-inhibitor remain bound to the enzyme after it has been activated by proteinase B. In vacuoles prepared from spheroplasts no inactive carboxypeptidase Y can be detected. PMID- 7000192 TI - Incorporation of amino acid analogs during the biosynthesis of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - Amino acid-requiring mutants capable of producing derepressed levels of aspartate transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) were obtained and used for the incorporation in this enzyme of eight different amino acid analogs. These amino acid replacements enabled the biosynthesis of a series of modified aspartate transcarbamylases altered in their catalytic or regulatory properties. The enzyme in which phenylalanine was rereplaced by 2-fluorophenylalanine was purified to homogeneity and appeared to have the same specific activity as normal asparate transcarbamylase but lacking both homotropic and heterotropic interactions. PMID- 7000193 TI - [Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase complexes with adenovirus 6 DNA detected by means of electrophoresis in agar gel]. PMID- 7000194 TI - Surface antigen on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) may be regarded as an extreme example of a reduced expression of normal histocompatibility antigens which is also reflected in its ability to grow in almost any mouse strain. In this report we discuss some evidence about a specific antigenicity detected on the cell surface of EAT strain maintained by serial transfer in C57BL/6 mice. The antiserum against EAT antigen was prepared by immunizing rabbits with an extract obtained by KCl treatment of EAT cells and then tested for cytotoxicity on EAT cells. The specificity, confirmed by using the indirect immunofluorescence test and the inhibition of cytotoxicity by EAT antigen, was also discussed. PMID- 7000195 TI - The amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus protein. AB - The amino acid sequences of the major tryptic peptides from the coat protein of wild type cowpea chlorotic mottle virus are presented. The sequences have been determined by a combination of enzyme hydrolysis, mass spectrometry and Edman degradation, and the relative usefulness of mass spectrometry in this peptide sequence determination is discussed. PMID- 7000197 TI - Diet in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial of nutritional supplements. PMID- 7000196 TI - David Perlman, 1920-1980. PMID- 7000199 TI - [Effect of ethmozine and its diethylamino analog on the slow incurrent and excurrent ion flows of cardiac atrial fibers]. AB - The effects of ethmozine (2 X 10(-5) g/ml) and diethylamine derivative of ethmozine (DAD of ethmozine) (2 X 10(-5) g/ml) on slow inward and outward currents were investigated by means of the voltage clamp method in frog auricular trabeculae. Ethmozine increased the maximal value of the slow inward current by 62 +/- 11% (n = 5) while DAD of ethmozine decreased it by 54 +/- 17% (n = 3). The control value of the slow inward current was restored after 30 min of wash out. Ethmozine and DAD of ethmozine had no significant effect on steady-state outward current. PMID- 7000198 TI - [Reaction between myasthenia patients' sera and the antigenic structure of the surface of thymic lymphocytes of healthy subjects and myasthenia gravis patients]. AB - It has been established that sera from myasthenia patients contain in 42% of cases IgG antibodies to the point antigenic structure on the lymphocyte surface of the human thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. This antigenic structure is less pronounced on the lymphocytes from the thymus of normal subjects as compared with lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes. On the contrary, the thymocytes from myasthenia patients show an elevated content of the antigen in question and do not differ in this respect from lymphocytes of the peripheral lymphoid organs of normal man. PMID- 7000200 TI - [Detection of the host specificity system in shigellae]. AB - The presence of DNA host specific system in Shigella sonnei 47843 bacteria has been demonstrated. Phage DDIII grown on the cells of Shigella stutzeri 2, in Shigella sonnei 47843 cells is restricted by a factor of 105. Phage T3 of Eco B phenotype as well as DDIII phage is restricted in these cells. This circumstance means that the restriction-modification system of Shigella sonnei 47843 differs in specificity from the well known system E. coli. The results obtained are the second case of host specific system identification in Shigella. The biological properties of the strain (form of the colonies, colicinogenic activity, antibiotic resistance, ability to ferment sugars, etc.) have been studied. PMID- 7000201 TI - [Effect of thymosin on formation of splenic exocolonies in allogeneic and syngeneic systems]. AB - It has been shown that thymosin promotes the growth of exocolonies both in the allogeneic and syngeneic systems provided the donor's bone marrow cells were incubated preliminarily in thymosin solution. It is assumed that not only thymocytes but also the humoral factor of the thymus play an important role in colony formation. PMID- 7000202 TI - [BCG-induced production of a factor inhibiting macrophage migration and growth of melanoma B16]. AB - The effect of BCG on the growth of melanoma B16 and production of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF) by spleen lymphocytes as well as on phytohemagglutinin and tuberculin was studied in C57BL/6 mice. It was also studied how these parameters changed under the effect of transplanting splenocytes from syngeneic donors. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of BCG in a dose of 1 mg stimulated melanoma growth. Acceleration of the tumor growth entailed a more pronounced decrease in MMIF production. The inhibition of melanoma growth was noted after transplantation of splenocytes from syngeneic donors on the 11th day following inoculation of the tumor wherein MMIF production was normal. Transplantation of splenocytes from mice immunized with BCG resulted in an abrupt stimulation of melanoma growth and complete reversal of MMIF production by lymphocytes. The data obtained suggest the accumulation of suppressor cells by the spleen of mice treated with high doses of BCG, leading to the acceleration of melanoma B16 growth. PMID- 7000203 TI - [Transfer of the hematopoietic microenvironment during heterotopic transplantation of a mixture of isolated bone marrow cells]. AB - New heterotopic bone marrow was formed after syngeneic transplantation of bone marrow cell suspension placed on millipore filters and grafted under kidney capsule. Bone marrow cells produced a bone marrow cavity which later became populated by hemopoietic cells. Bone marrow cells responsible for hemopoietic territory formation could be withdrawn from cell suspension after treatment with carbonyl iron powder. PMID- 7000204 TI - Distribution of complement receptors on human normal and malignant mononuclear cells. AB - Mononuclear cells from normal human subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were labeled with fluoresceinated, purified human C3b (FI C3b) and analyzed using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). FI-C3b labeled 17.6% +/- 6.0% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 20 normal subjects, which, when separated by the FACS, consisted of B lymphocytes and approximately 5% monocytes. Analyses in which either monocytes or B lymphcoytes were excluded from consideration demonstrated that both these cell types were labeled by the FI-C3b with a heterogeneous distribution of fluorescence intensity, indicating either heterogeneity of CR density or variable avidity of individual CR for the FI-C3b. FACS profiles of PBM ( < 5% monocytes) from 14 of 15 patients with CLL showed a homogeneous distribution of very low fluorescence intensity, with > 60% of the cells being slightly more fluorescent than unlabeled controls. This low, homogeneous distribution of fluorescence is strikingly similar to profiles of CLL cells labeled with anti-Ig reagents and suggests homogeneity of low CR density and/or avidity. Similarly, CR+ mononuclear cells from five patients with HCL and three patients with LCL displayed more homogeneous FI-C3b labeling than normal CR+ PBM. Homogeneity of FI-C3b binding to CLL, LCL, and HCL cells further supports the concept for a clonal origin for these disorders. PMID- 7000207 TI - Use of spleen organ cultures to monitor hemopoietic progenitor cell regeneration following irradiation and marrow transplantation. AB - After lethal irradiation of C57BL mice followed by the injection of 10(7) marrow cells, total cellularity and progenitor cell levels exceeded pretreatment levels within 12 days in the spleen, but regeneration remained incomplete in the marrow. The exceptional regenerative capacity of progenitor populations in the spleen was observed in organ cultures of spleen slices prepared 24 hr after irradiation and transplantation, excluding continuous repopulation from the marrow as a significant factor in splenic regeneration. PMID- 7000206 TI - Characterization of B-cell leukemias: a tentative immunomorphological scheme. AB - Analysis of the morphological and immunologic [surface (Sm Ig) and cytoplasmic (Cy Ig) immunoglobulin, faintness (f.imfl) or brightness (b.imfl) of surface immunofluorescence, rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes (MR), or sheep red cells coated with C3 (EAC)] characteristics of the neoplastic lymphocytes involved in 137 cases of B-cell leukemias allowed the differentiation of the following cytologic categories: B1 small lymphocytes (71); SM Ig+, f.imfl., Cy Ig , MR+, EAC+; B2 prolymphocyte (4): SM Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR+, EAC+. B3 plasmacytoid lymphocyte (2): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig+/-, MR+!-, EAC+/- B4 small cleaved lymphocyte (23): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC+. B5a large cleaved and B5b noncleaved lymphocytes (14): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-. B6 small noncleaved "Burkitt-like" lymphocyte (5): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-. B7 plasma cell (2): Sm Ig+, MR-, EAC-. B8 hairy cell (16): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-, also exhibiting ingestion or attachment of particulate material, not seen in other types. Improved delineation of the heterogeneous group of B-cell leukemias might be of developmental significance in lymphocyte differentiation and improve current prognostic and therapeutic criteria. PMID- 7000208 TI - Serologic characterization of a monkey antiserum to human leukemic myeloblasts. AB - We have raised a monkey antiserum that is selectively reactive with human leukemic myeloblasts by immunization with a glycoprotein antigen (AMLSGA) released from myeloblasts in short-term culture. Antimyeloblast activity can be demonstrated using complement-dependent cytotoxicity or indirect immunofluorescence. Selective antimyeloblast activity is retained following absorption with leukemic lymphoblasts or lymphocytes, nonleukemic lymphocytes, neutrophils, or mononuclear cells from nonleukemic bone marrow. Anti-AMLSGA antisera are not reactive with B-cell-enriched cell populations, and antaimyeloblast activity is not reduced by absorption with Ia-positive cells. Anti-AMLSGA is a useful reagent for identification of human leukemic myeloblasts. PMID- 7000205 TI - Purification of hemopoietic progenitor cells from human marrow using a fucose binding lectin and cell sorting. AB - Human peripheral blood granulocytes, but not lymphocytes, erythrocytes, or monocytes, bound the fucose-binding lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus (FBP), and this binding was competitively inhibited by the sugar alpha-L-fucose. The fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used to study the appearance of this receptor on human marrow cells during granulocyte differentiation and to prepare fractions enriched for granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells--GM-CFC). Cell binding of fluoresceinated FBP increased for bone marrow cells in the sequence--lymphocytes, blast cells, promyelocytes and myelocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. Selection of cells with appropriate low-angle or high-angle light scatter characteristics achieved a 10-fold or 2-3-fold enrichment of progenitor cells, respectively. By selecting cells with intermediate fluorescence intensity, a further 2-3-fold enrichment for GM-CFC was obtained. Cell sorting using the optimal selection of these three parameters produced up to 36-fold enrichment of the progenitor cells from human bone marrow. The most enriched fraction was composed of 23% progenitor cells (colony- and cluster-forming cells) with a yield of 36%. In populations most highly enriched by GM-CFC, immature cells (blast cells, promyelocytes, and myelocytes) made up 95% of the cells present. PMID- 7000210 TI - [Capillary changes in the brain in aging men and their pathophysiological significance]. AB - In autoptic brains of neurologically and psychiatrically healthy patients, aged between 19 and 94 years, structural changes of capillaries and neurons were stereologically investigtaed in different parts of the brain. The results of the putamen reveal a significant increase of the capillary volume and a decrease of the neuronal perikaryon area with age. The cerebral cortex shows only a slight increase of the capillary length, while the nerve cells are significantly smaller. These results lead to the assumption that a decrease of cerebral circulation in old age might be on one hand a symptom of a decreased nerve cell activity but on the other hand the results of changed stereological capillary parameters due to changes of the volume particularly of subcortical brain structures. In animal experiments with functional changes of the brain by hypovolemic oligemia, ischemia and respiratory hypoxia a correlation between electrical brain activity, oxygen consumption, microcirculation and morphometrical capillary parameters could be demonstrated. PMID- 7000211 TI - The reconstruction of cranial defects involving scalp, bone and dura following electrical injury: report of two cases treated by homograft, free groin flap and cranioplasty. AB - The authors present two cases of extensive and very deep electrical burns of the skull, involving the dura and producing neurological complications. In both cases the surgical excision and repair was carried out in four stages. This paper sets out the clinical justification for this approach. PMID- 7000209 TI - Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the European Foundation for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sils Maria (Engadine), Switzerland, April 13-16, 1980. PMID- 7000212 TI - Earliest free muscle graft? PMID- 7000213 TI - A simple technique for repair of urethral fistulae by Y-V advancement. PMID- 7000215 TI - Tactile gnosis in free skin grafts in the hand. PMID- 7000214 TI - Silastic foam dressing for skin graft donor sites--a preliminary report. AB - A new technique for the management of skin graft donor sites is described. The wound is dressed immediately with a non-adherent sheet of silastic foam dressing. Experience in 21 patients has shown that patient discomfort is minimal and healing rapid and predictable within 14 days. PMID- 7000217 TI - Sir John Charles Bucknill 1817-1897: our founder. PMID- 7000218 TI - Clinical change as a function of brief admission to hospital in a controlled study using the present state examination. AB - A randomized controlled trial of brief hospital admission failed to show any difference on clinical measures when compared with standard admission for all psychiatric patients admitted from a catchment area over one year. Psychotic and neurotic symptoms were examined separately and together, using the Present State Examination (PSE) a week after admission and three months later. Clinical outcome was not related to length of stay in hospital or psychiatric diagnosis. This study shows how the PSE can be used to measure change in clinical state for a heterogenous group of psychiatric patients. PMID- 7000216 TI - Tromboxane B2 inhibits the pulmonary inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in the dog. AB - 1 The systemic vasodepressor response to intravenously administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms/kg) is potentiated during intravenous infusion of thromboxane B2 (TXB2, 1.0 micrograms kg-1 min-1) in the anaesthetized dog. 2 The augmented haemodynamic response returns toward control values following cessation of the TXB2 infusion. 3 The systemic haemodynamic responses to intra-arterially administered PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 as well as intravenously administered PGF2 alpha and PGI2 are not altered by TXB2 infusion. 4. This study suggests that TXB2 inhibits the pulmonary inactivation of PGE2. 5 Arachidonic acid metabolites may interact, producing haemodynamic responses differing from their individual effects. PMID- 7000220 TI - The prevention of secondary haemorrhage after prostatectomy: the value of antifibrinolytic therapy. AB - This study examines the effect of antifibrinolytic therapy on the incidence of secondary haemorrhage following endoscopic surgery. One hundred consecutive patients were allocated randomly to treatment and control groups. The incidence of secondary haemorrhage was reduced from 56% in the control group to 24% in the treatment group. PMID- 7000219 TI - Drip infusion cholangiography using iotroxamide. Double blind comparison with ioglycamide. AB - A double blind clinical trial was carried out in 200 unselected patients to compare the efficacy and tolerance of ioglycamide and iotroxamide as contrast media for intravenous cholangiography. The two agents were administered by slow infusion at a rate of 2.6 mumoles/kg bodyweight/minute for one hour. Radiological opacification of the bile duct was assessed independently by two radiologists. In patients with serum bilirubin levels of less than 34 mumoles/litre visualization of the bile duct was significantly better with iotroxamide than with ioglycamide (P < 0.001). Toxic side effects were observed in 8% of patients receiving ioglycamide and in only 3% of the patients given iotroxamide. PMID- 7000221 TI - Hippocrates: founder and pioneer of urology. PMID- 7000222 TI - Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with parenteral cyproterone acetate: a phase III randomised trial. AB - Forty-two patients with previously untreated T3/4 N1-4 MO/1 prostatic adenocarcinoma were treated with either cyproterone acetate (n = 21; 300 mg intramuscularly per week) or oestradiol undecylate (n = 21; 100 mg intramuscularly per month) after extensive staging which included open skeletal biopsy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in some cases. Subjective and objective parameters as well as signs of drug toxicity were recorded regularly. Evaluation after 6 months showed cyproterone acetate to be more effective in the following respects: (1) the significantly different castration effect as judged by plasma testosterone, (2) the objective voiding pattern and tumour response, with regression of palpable and histologically evaluable local tumour in 16 of 21 patients, and (3) side effects and untoward reactions. Thus cyproterone acetate is suggested as a valuable alternative in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. PMID- 7000223 TI - 48-hour cephradine and post-prostatectomy bacteriuria. AB - In a randomised, controlled trial of intramuscular cephradine given in a dose of 1 g 6-hourly for 48 h, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of significant bacteriuria after transurethral resection. In contrast, the incidence of significant bacteriuria after open prostatectomy was unchanged. Post-operative complications were reduced in patients who received cephradine. The use of short term cephradine would appear to be justified. PMID- 7000224 TI - Postoperative deep vein thrombosis caused by intravenous fluids during surgery. AB - Using a new method of measuring whole blood clotting time, we have confirmed the findings of others, that blood clots faster when diluted with saline. A prospective trial was designed to test the hypothesis that intravenous saline peroperatively causes hypercoagulation and increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Sixty patients admitted for routine laparotomy were randomly allocated to either a group receiving intravenous fluids during or after operation (Wet), or a group receiving no intravenous fluids (Dry). The Wet patients became significantly more haemodilute and hypercoagulable than the Dry (P < 0.001), and these changes correlated. A postoperative deep vein thrombosis occurred in 30 per cent of the Wet patients, but in only 7 per cent of the Dry (P < 0.05). The need for intravenous fluids during uncomplicated surgery is probably unproved, and their greater use may have contributed to the increasing prevalence of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 7000225 TI - Transplant surgery: current status. PMID- 7000227 TI - Prophylactic metronidazole in appendicectomy: a controlled trial. AB - Prophylactic metronidazole was compared with no treatment in a randomly allocated study of patients undergoing appendicectomy. A 1-g suppository of metronidazole was given with the premedication and 200 mg t.d.s. orally for 7 days thereafter. There were 4 hospital wound infections in the 87 patients receiving metronidazole and 11 out of 83 in the no-treatment group (P < 0.05). However, 60 per cent of wound infections occurred at home and the overall infection rates were not significantly different. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was longer in the control group (5.8 days +/- 3.0 s.d.) than in the treated group (4.8 +/- 2.3; P < 0.01). Only one anaerobic infection occurred in a patient receiving metronidazole but late infection was not prevented. Blood levels of metronidazole taken at the end of operation showed a wide variation but there was no correlation with subsequent infection. Culture of the appendix showed aerobic organisms in 88 per cent of cases and anaerobes in 72 per cent. It is suggested that an antibiotic which is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms might have an advantage over metronidazole in appendicitis. PMID- 7000226 TI - Single dose intra-rectal metronidazole as prophylaxis against wound infection following emergency appendicectomy. AB - A prospective placebo controlled randomized trial was carried out in 104 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A single dose of 1 g of metronidazole was given intra-rectally 1 h preoperatively. There were 16 wound infections, 15 (out of 50) in the placebo group, 1 (out of 54) in the metronidazole group. This study supports the already accepted value of metronidazole but suggests that a single intra-rectal dose regimen is adequate for prophylaxis. PMID- 7000228 TI - Prophylactic use of metronidazole in preventing wound sepsis after elective cholecystectomy. AB - The effect of intravenous metronidazole as prophylaxis against postoperative wound infection was studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of 116 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. No significant difference was found in the infection rate between the treated and the control groups. PMID- 7000229 TI - A trial of suction drainage in inguinal hernia repair. AB - A prospective randomized trial was conducted on 301 adult males undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy to assess the value of postoperative suction drainage. Hernias were classified into 'complicated' and 'simple'. In the 'complicated' group suction drainage for 24 h significantly reduced the incidence of wound haematoma, seroma or infection from 48.7 per cent to 17.6 per cent (P < 0.01); there was also a noticeable effect on the postoperative morbidity in the 'simple' hernias, although this just failed to achieve significance (4.5 per cent in the suction group compared with 9.8 per cent in the controls). It is concluded that suction drainage should be employed postoperatively following repair of hernias where dissection may be difficult or where other complicating factors are present. PMID- 7000230 TI - An aid to low restorative anastomosis of the rectum. AB - A new suture-holding clamp is described which simplifies single-layer colorectal anastomosis performed deep in the pelvis. PMID- 7000231 TI - Transplantation of contaminated organs. AB - In cadaveric organ transplantation there is a risk of transfer of infectious agents from donor to recipient. The consequences can be fatal for immunosuppressed recipients. This is illustrated by a case history in which an infection with the fungus Monosporium apiospermum was transferred from a donor to two cadaveric kidney recipients, of whom one died and the other survived with the loss of the graft. These events led to a review of the literature to determine methods of demonstrating possible contamination of donor organs. Analysis of the case history of potential donors, a history taken from relatives or the family doctor, autopsy and laboratory examinations are considered useful. Victims of drowning, patients with severe burns and patients who have been ventilated for a long time are high risk donors. PMID- 7000232 TI - Dose beta-blockade affect surgical performance? a double blind trial of oxprenolol. AB - Heart rates of surgeons rise when they carry out operations and this rise is abolished by beta-blockade. In an assessment of the effect of oxprenolol on surgical performance a group of surgeons took double blind either oxprenolol 40 mg or a matching placebo. Oxprenolol abolished increases in heart rate (P < 0.001) but had no effect on a profile of performance test assessing tremor, suturing accuracy and co-ordination. Reaction time of the surgeons was significantly slowed by oxprenolol (P < 0.01). Using a self-administered visual analogue scoring system the surgeons recorded no subjective changes in mood after beta-blockade and were surprisingly unaware of whether they had taken oxprenolol or placebo. PMID- 7000233 TI - Cholelithiasis following peptic ulcer surgery: a prospective controlled study. AB - An association between gastric surgery and gallstones has been suggested but conflicting conclusions are found in the literature. A prospective study of 118 patients with proved duodenal ulcer disease has been undertaken to determine the true incidence of gallbladder disease. Sixty-one patients undergoing surgery and 57 patients treated medically were matched for age, sex and weight. All patients had oral cholecystography at entry into the study and at 18 months and 109 were reviewed radiologically at 3 years. Three patients in the surgical group developed asymptomatic gallstones whereas none were detected in the medical group. This gives an incidence of gallstones of 4.9 per cent 3 years after gastric surgery. These findings are discussed. PMID- 7000235 TI - Haemodialysis and transplantation in Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7000234 TI - Comparison of skin closure using continuous and interrupted nylon sutures. AB - Skin closure using continuous nylon sutures was compared with closure using interrupted nylon sutures in 105 consecutive patients undergoing laparotomy. Particular note was made of wound healing and wound infection. The incidence of wound infection was similar (3.9 per cent and 3.7 per cent respectively) and all wounds healed satisfactorily. The continuous method was quicker and cheaper. PMID- 7000237 TI - Desmopressin (DDAVP) in lumbar puncture. PMID- 7000236 TI - Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction--the present state of the ART. PMID- 7000238 TI - Research and risk. PMID- 7000239 TI - Sauna-induced acceleration in insulin absorption from subcutaneous injection site. AB - The effect of the Finnish sauna on insulin absorption from a subcutaneous injection site was examined in eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients by measuring externally the disappearance rate of 125I-labelled rapid-acting insulin. The sauna (twice for 25 minutes at 85 degrees C) accelerated insulin absorption by 110% as compared with room temperature (p < 0.01). After the sauna blood glucose concentrations were 3.0-3.3 mmol/1 (54.1-59.5 mg/100 ml) lower than on the control day (p < 0.05). The fall in blood glucose values was proportional to the increased rate of insulin absorption (r = 0.30; p < 0.01). The hypoglycaemic effect of a sauna in insulin-treated diabetics is clearly at least partly due to enhanced insulin absorption from the injection site. Such an effect might be prevented by taking a snack or reducing the insulin dose. PMID- 7000240 TI - Pulmonary fat embolism treated by intermittent continuous positive airway pressure given by face mask. PMID- 7000241 TI - Necrotising fasciitis due to streptococcus pyogenes. PMID- 7000242 TI - Computerised information retrieval services in a teaching hospital. PMID- 7000244 TI - Serological investigations in retrospective diagnosis of malaria. AB - Sera were obtained in 415 known cases of malaria (88 residents, 327 immigrants) at different times after diagnosis. Three antigens were used in the indirect fluorscence antibody test to detect antibodies to either Plasmodium falciparum or P vivax. Results in residents and immigrants were analysed separately. Most residents had detectable antibodies within one week after an attack, which began to wane after a month. The strongest reactions were obtained in cases of falciparum malaria with the homologous antigen and in cases of vivax malaria with P fieldi. The overall pattern of results was the same in the immigrants but the proportions positive for malaria antibodies, mean titres, persistence of antibodies, and the cross-reaction were usually greater. Testing for malaria antibodies is probably of value in the retrospective differential diagnosis of malaria in patients who have not been exposed to malaria before but must be interpreted with caution in others. PMID- 7000243 TI - Atenolol, sustained-release oxprenolol, and long-acting propranolol in hypertension. AB - The effect of once-daily atenolol, sustained-release oxprenolol (a new formulation of oxprenolol presented as a compressed tablet in a waxed matrix), and long-acting propranolol (a new formulation presented as spheriods in a capsule) was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 23 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. After a run-in period with matching placebo each patient received atenolol (100 mg/day), sustained-release oxprenolol (160 mg/day), long-acting propranolol (160 mg/day), and placebo according to a randomised sequence. After four weeks' treatment with sustained-release oxprenolol blood pressure in the two to four hours before the next dose was not significantly lower than after placebo. The effectiveness of atenolol and of the new formulation of propranolol in reducing blood pressure was confirmed. These results suggest that the present formulation of sustained-release oxprenolol should be reconsidered. PMID- 7000245 TI - Prostacyclin in pregnancy. PMID- 7000246 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in treatment: summary of an NIH Consensus Conference. PMID- 7000248 TI - Amateur medicine: freedoms and constraints. PMID- 7000247 TI - Clinical use of nicotine chewing-gum. AB - Nicotine chewing-gum has recently become available to doctors in Britain for use as an aid to giving up smoking. It produces blood nicotine concentrations similar to tobacco smoking and so relieves symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Owing partly to the slower rate of absorption of nicotine through the buccal mucosa, however, it does not reproduce the pleasure of cigarette smoking. Indeed, in the early stages it is usually slightly aversive. Optimal use in a skill requiring practice and careful instruction. Since it is an aid rather than easy cure, its use is limited to smokers who want to stop. Earlier trials showed modest advantages over placebo, but improvements in the gum and more experience in its use suggest that long-term success rates of 40% or more can be obtained. It required little time to administer and is therefore a feasible method for busy doctors. PMID- 7000249 TI - Prospective controlled trial comparing colostomy irrigation with "spontaneous action" method. AB - Thirty randomly selected patients with permanent colostomies entered a prospective controlled trial comparing colostomy irrigation with spontaneous action. Each patient was interviewed and examined before irrigation was begun and again after the technique had been used for three months. Each then reverted to spontaneous action for a further three months and was then reassessed. Eight patients abandoned irrigation and 22 (73%) adhered to the protocol. Irrigation caused no mishaps or complications. The mean time spent managing the stoma was 45 +/- SEM 9 min/24 hours during spontaneous action and 53 +/- 9 min/24 hours during irrigation. This difference was not significant. The numbers of bowel actions weekly were 13 +/ SEM 2 during spontaneous action and 6 +/- 1 during irrigation (p < 0.01). Irrigation reduced odour and flatus in 20 patients and enabled 12 out of 18 to stop using drugs and seven to discard their appliance. Irrigation also improved the social life of 18 patients and the working conditions of eight out of 14. These finding show that some patients may not be suitable for irrigation but that for many it is better than the conventional British method of colostomy management. With modern apparatus the technique is safe. PMID- 7000251 TI - Quality of life in renal failure. PMID- 7000250 TI - Antibiotics in surgical treatment of acute abscesses. AB - A four-way, double-blind, prospective trial of treatment of abscesses by incision, curettage, and primary closure with and without antibiotic cover (clindamycin injection before operation or capsules after operation, or both) was conducted. There was no appreciable difference in mean healing time between the patients given both the antibiotic injection and the antibiotic capsules and those given the injection and placebo capsules, whereas healing times in those given the placebo injection and antibiotic capsules or placebo only were appreciably longer. Four of the patients who were not given the antibiotic injection developed bacteraemia; one patient who was given the antibiotic injection also developed a bacteraemia, but this was caused by clindamycin resistant bacteria. These results show that a single injection of an effective antibiotic before operation is sufficient to protect the patient against bacteraemia and permit optimum healing. PMID- 7000252 TI - Two jubilees in psychotherapy. PMID- 7000254 TI - First suicide note? PMID- 7000255 TI - Renal transplant rejection after gradual withdrawal of prednisolone. PMID- 7000253 TI - Prostacyclin deficiency in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. PMID- 7000256 TI - Sauna-induced acceleration in insulin absorption. PMID- 7000257 TI - Generalised allergy to porcine and bovine monocomponent insulins. PMID- 7000258 TI - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy: ten years on. AB - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was introduced more than 10 years ago and is now in many centres a routine diagnostic procedure, having superseded rigid bronchoscopy. Its major role is in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma, where the results are as good as, if not better than, results with the rigid instrument. Other major applications have been found in investigating haemoptysis, transbronchial lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease, and in the critically ill patient in the intensive care unit. More recently, the instrument has been used to perform bronchoalveolar lavage in investigating interstitial lung diseases and to enable lobar and segmental lung function studies to be performed. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a major advance in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, but there will always be times when rigid bronchoscopy is preferable. PMID- 7000262 TI - Integrated dialysis and renal transplantation: small is beautiful. PMID- 7000259 TI - The role of skeletal scanning in clinical oncology. PMID- 7000263 TI - Function of the transplanted heart. PMID- 7000261 TI - Changing patterns of communicable disease in England and Wales. Part i--Newly recognised diseases. PMID- 7000260 TI - Twenty-four-hour metabolic profiles in diabetic children receiving insulin injections once or twice daily. AB - Twenty-four-hour metabolic profiles were performed twice in each of 15 diabetic children, once when they were receiving single daily injections of insulin (Monotard plus Actrapid) and once on a twice-daily regimen (Semitard plus Actrapid). Before the study control was optimised at home on each regimen. There were no differences in overall 24-hour diabetic control on the two regimens as measured by mean blood glucose concentration, area under the blood glucose curve, M value, and 24-hour urinary glucose excretion. Hyperglycaemia after breakfast occurred on both regimens. Significant differences were noted before breakfast, when blood glucose and ketone concentrations were lower and plasma free insulin higher on the single-injection regimen, and after supper and during the night, when blood glucose values were lower on the two-injection regimen and associated with a rise in plasma free insulin after the evening injection. Once-daily injections provided insufficient circulating insulin after the evening meal, while twice-daily injections did not last through the night. Plasma C peptide, indicating residual endogenous insulin secretion, was just detectable in two children but easily detectable in four children, whose 24-hour diabetic control was significantly better than that in the remaining 11 children.Conclusions about the superiority of one insulin regimen over another must be based on specific differences in diabetic control. Both regimens studied achieved adequate control, and though neither provided physiological control specific modifications to the regimens could help to produce more normal profiles. PMID- 7000264 TI - Sulphinpyrazone in acute myocardial infarction: studies on cardiac rhythm and renal function. AB - Ninety-eight patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly allocated to receive sulphinpyrazone 200 mg four times daily or placebo on admission to a coronary care unit. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiogram tape recordings showed no significant reduction in serious arrhythmias in the sulphinpyrazone-treated group. In addition to the expected all in serum urate concentration, patients taking sulphinpyrazone showed a persistent increase in their serum urea and creatinine concentrations when compared with those in the placebo groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). These differences could not be accounted for by differences in the extent and severity of the infarction between the two groups. These results suggest that sulphinpyrazone has no discernible antiarrhythmic effect in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7000265 TI - A flexible model for planning facilities for patients with end-stage renal failure. AB - Resource needs for patients with renal failure change as policies vary and survival improves. Thus a model was developed to estimate the facilities (number of beds) needed for such patients in the North-west Region; national resource needs could be obtained by multiplying the regional needs by eleven. The model predicted an unforeseen demand for hospital and satellite unit facilities and for unit back-up beds. The increasing survival of transplants is an important determinant of resource needs, and the model readily indicates the impact of changes in this factor. PMID- 7000266 TI - Increased incidence of faecal Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with HLA B7 CREG antigen and men with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a study of the carriage of faecal Klebsiella pneumoniae in 106 patients with rheumatoid arthritis the incidence of carriage was higher in men (28%) than women (14%) (p < 0.001) and klebsiellae were isolated on two or more occasions from a higher proportion of men than women (p < 0.002). The incidence of carriage was increased among patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had B7 cross-reacting (B7 CREG) antigens (32% v 13%--p < 0.001). Carriage of klebsiellae was not associated with clinical disease activity, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, drug treatment, or the presence of HLA Dw4 or DRw4 or both. Thus the carriage and prevalence of faecal Klebsiella pneumoniae appear to be partly determined by the sex and HLA state of the host. PMID- 7000267 TI - Hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetic drivers. PMID- 7000268 TI - Test reduction: II--Bayes's theorem and the evaluation of tests. PMID- 7000269 TI - Drains and sutures. PMID- 7000270 TI - Sauna-induced acceleration in insulin absorption. PMID- 7000272 TI - Recent experience with heart transplantation. AB - The major factors contributing to the recommencement of clinical heart transplantation in the United Kingdom last year were the steadily improving results from Stanford University, the clarification of the diagnosis of brain death, and advances in preserving donor hearts. Twelve men aged 16 to 52 years received heart transplants at Papworth Hospital from January 1979 to July 1980. Six had cardiomyopathies and six ischaemic heart disease. The donors were aged 16 to 35 (mean 21) years. A combination of road and air transport was used to transport the heart to Papworth in seven cases. The total donor heart ischaemic time ranged from 108 to 171 minutes (mean 151), and early graft function was satisfactory in all cases. Postoperative management was directed towards preventing rejection and infection. Equine antihuman thymocyte globulin, prednisolone, and azathioprine were used for immunosuppression. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed every 10 to 14 days during the early postoperative period. There were three deaths: one at 17 days from brain damage and two at 59 and 76 days from rejection. Of the remaining nine patients six left hospital and three returned to work. The number of patients who might benefit from heart transplantation is large, but the cost is high. The cost would fall if an effective non-toxic immunosuppressive agent were developed. Meanwhile, a careful evaluation of the benefits of heart transplantation should continue. PMID- 7000271 TI - Occupational hazards of anesthesia. PMID- 7000273 TI - Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin after poor control in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was measured in seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients before, during, and after a seven-day period of monitored poor control. There was considerable individual variation in the pattern and degree of change in HbA1 concentration induced by poor control and the time when it occurred. Greater increases in HbA1 were seen during the period of metabolic derangement than in the subsequent two months. More information is required before HbA1 estimations are widely used clinically to monitor control in individual diabetics. PMID- 7000274 TI - Jet injection of insulin: comparison with conventional injection by syringe and needle. PMID- 7000275 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Summary of an NIH consensus statement. PMID- 7000276 TI - Dialysis and transplant. PMID- 7000277 TI - Prevention of infection after abortion with a supervised single dose of oral doxycycline. PMID- 7000279 TI - Management of acute stroke in the elderly: follow-up of a controlled trial. AB - Follow-up of a controlled trial of the management of acute stroke in the elderly showed that the improvement in functional outcome at the time of discharge from hospital that had been achieved through establishing a stroke unit had disappeared by one year. Factors that might have contributed to this included overprotection by the families of patients who had been treated in the stroke unit, who were not permitted to carry out activities of daily living in which they were independent, and the early discharge from medical units of patients whose full rehabilitation potential had not been realised. Prolonging the benefits of short-term gains in functional outcome through the intervention of a stroke unit requires that all the links in the chain of stroke rehabilitation are maintained, including the proper orientation of patients' families before discharge from hospital. PMID- 7000278 TI - Non-surgical management of peripheral vascular disease: a review. AB - Although the outlook for a pronounced improvement in the ischaemic limb that cannot be surgically treated remains bleak, cessation of smoking, encouragement of exercise, and the withdrawal of vasoconstricting agents may give some symptomatic relief. There is little evidence that vasodilators or antiplatelet agents have much to offer. PMID- 7000280 TI - The natural history of preventive medicine, or breaking the chains of causation. AB - In the past the natural history of disease has shown chains of causation. With the acute diseases, these chains have usually been quite short and easily broken. With the chronic diseases of today, they are far longer and more complicated. Often they involve patterns of behaviour extending over half a lifetime. These patterns are, in turn, determined partly by genetic make-up, partly by family and social environment. The study of these chains necessitated both observation and social survey methods. The breaking of the chains entails the use of propaganda or mass education. By far the most effective educational agent is the spoken word, coming from someone held in respect. The most effective persuader is fear. In social medicine we can seldom plan large-scale experiments. We have to seize such opportunities as life presents. One such opportunity was the creation of the new towns after the war. It was found that good social planning yielded good results in terms of social satisfaction, and infant-mortality and psychosis rates. The prevention of neurosis is a more difficult matter. In administration and in politics resistance to learning from the experience of others is strong. The preventive medicine of the future will necessitate the teaching of common sense applied to human behaviour to extremely resistant audiences. PMID- 7000281 TI - Hyponatraemia in congestive heart failure during treatment with captopril. PMID- 7000283 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 7000282 TI - Evaluation of a patient education manual. AB - A randomised controlled trial has shown that introducing a health education booklet describing the management of six common symptoms resulted in fewer consultations for the symptoms described by families receiving this booklet compared with a control group. A sample of the mothers in each group was subsequently followed up by an interview, at which a questionnaire was administered. This was designed to measure the mother's knowledge of the management of the symptoms described. The booklet did not lead to any increase in knowledge in the mothers receiving it. The questionnaire did, however, show that 76% of the mother had consulted the booklet at some time in the year of the study and 28% had consulted it in the three months before interview. The important result was a fall in the new request for care for the symptoms described in the booklet. This may be interpreted as indicating that what patients need to respond appropriately to common symptoms of illness is a simple reference manual rather than an educational programme designed to increase their knowledge about the management of illness. PMID- 7000286 TI - Plasma exchange in herpes gestationis. PMID- 7000284 TI - Advances in the management of adult acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 7000285 TI - Lymphocyte sensitisation in nifedipine-induced hepatitis. PMID- 7000287 TI - Streptococcus pyogenes: a forgotten occupational hazard in the mortuary. PMID- 7000288 TI - Allergy to insulin. PMID- 7000289 TI - Breast cancer trials--a new initiative. PMID- 7000290 TI - Steroids in bronchitis. PMID- 7000291 TI - Long-term survival after orthotopic and heterotopic cardiac transplantation. AB - Five long-term survivors of heart transplantation were reinvestigated. Two patients had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation over 11 and 9 years earlier and constitute two of the world's longest-surviving patients after this procedure. Three patients had undergone heterotopic heart transplantation (one left heart bypass alone and two biventricular bypass) four to six years earlier. Four of the five patients had had only one or no documented acute rejection episodes. Three had been given blood transfusions. None had had particularly good tissue matching in relation to the donor on HLA typing. All five patients were leading full and active lives. At review two patients had significant coronary artery disease, one severe, presumably due to chronic immune-complex deposition. Heart transplantation remains a major undertaking, but it can offer the patient many years of good-quality life. PMID- 7000293 TI - Injection abscesses in a diabetic due to Mycobacterium chelonei var abscessus. PMID- 7000292 TI - Randomised trial of high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone in pregnancy: long term follow-up of mothers. AB - In 1950 a trial was set up to evaluate the effects of large doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone on rates of fetal loss in pregnant diabetic women. Eighty women were allocated at random to receive the hormonal treatment and 76 to receive inactive tablets of identical appearance. At follow-up 27 years later, information was obtained about 97% of the women, all but four being traced. All respondents were unaware of who had received hormones. The overall mortality was 4.5 times that of women of comparable age in England and Wales, most deaths being from complications of diabetes. More tumours, mainly benign, of the reproductive tract were reported in the hormone-exposed than the non-exposed group (14 (18%) and two (3%) respectively). Four cases of malignant breast disease were reported in the hormone-exposed women and none in the non-exposed. These findings support other evidence linking oestrogen treatment and breast cancer and suggesting that the latent period before the tumour becomes clinically apparent may be 15 years or longer. PMID- 7000295 TI - Faking and the intent to deceive. PMID- 7000294 TI - On the integration of expert knowledge into the machinery of government. PMID- 7000296 TI - Trial of atenolol and chlorthalidone for hypertension in black South Africans. AB - Twenty-four black patients (Zulus) with hypertension participated in a double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of the efficacy of a beta-blocking agent (atenolol) 100 mg once daily as compared with chlorthalidone 25 mg once daily. The two drugs were also given combined at these doses and the effects compared with those of the drugs given alone. Atenolol as sole treatment had no appreciable effect on blood pressure as compared with placebo. Chlorthalidone produced a small decrease, but this was not statistically significant. Combining the two drugs, however, produced a significant reduction in blood pressure (mean lying blood pressure p < 0.001; mean standing blood pressure p < 0.0002). These findings suggest that beta-blockers should not be regarded as baseline treatment of hypertension in blacks. PMID- 7000297 TI - Rejection of renal transplants: a further cause of intrarenal aneurysms. PMID- 7000298 TI - Statistics and ethics in medical research: study design. PMID- 7000299 TI - New drugs for peptic ulcer. PMID- 7000300 TI - The anaesthetist and the pain clinic: dextromoramide analgesia. PMID- 7000301 TI - Sulfhydryl oxidation using procedures and experimental conditions commonly used for Treponema pallidum. AB - Certain reducing agents containing sulfhydryl groups are important to the in vitro survival of Treponema pallidum. Discrepancies occur, however, concerning the agents and the concentrations that are optimal. To clarify some of this confusion, sulfhydryl oxidation was determined using procedures and experimental conditions commonly used for T pallidum. Sulfhydryl oxidation varied according to the type of culture medium, the size of the culture vessels, the volume of the culture medium, and the gaseous environment within the culture vessels, as well as the method of extracting treponmes from infected testicular tissue. Dithiothreotol maintained highly reduced conditions by reducing disulfide groups to sulfhydryl groups. Lastly, the organisms influenced the sulfhydryl concentration by either direct oxidation or specific uptake. The sulfhydryl content was sharply decreased in the presence of viable preparations of T pallidum compared with heated preparations or membrane filtrates of viable preparations. PMID- 7000302 TI - Ultrastructure of vascular and connective tissue changes in primary syphilis. AB - Electron microscopical studies of primary syphilitic lesions showed intensive changes in the capillaries in the form of endothelial proliferation and extensive infilitration of different cells in the surrounding connective tissue. The degenerative changes in axon terminals could explain the painless course of primary induration. PMID- 7000304 TI - Pleural effusion disease agent as passenger of Treponema pallidum suspensions from rabbits. Survey of laboratories. AB - Material from rabbits used for the propagation of Treponema pallidum in 12 selected laboratories was examined for a viral passenger agent of the treponemal suspensions. An agent which causes clinical or subclinical pleural effusion disease (PED) in rabbits and which is serologically identical or related to the PED agent isolated in Copenhagen was found as a contaminant in treponemal suspensions in laboratories in Europe, the USA, and Japan. The experience gained in the Scandinavian treponematoses laboratories suggests that strains of T pallidum contaminated with the PED agent can be purified by passage through hamsters. PMID- 7000305 TI - Effect of pH on the motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols) and Treponema paraluis-cuniculi in vitro under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7000303 TI - Comparative study of bacampicillin and ampicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea. AB - Bacampicillin hydrochloride, a pro-drug ester of ampicillin trihydrate which is hydrolysed to ampicillin after absorption, was used in a randomised comparative study of ampicillin 3.5 g and bacampicillin 1.6g (each with probenecid 1 g) in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea. This dose of bacampicillin was selected because in serum it gives approximately the same peak concentration of ampicillin as 3.5 g of the present drug. Genital, pharyngeal, and anal cultures were performed at the initial visit and at follow up 5-9 days after treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the microbiological or clinical response of patients with genital gonorrhoea who were treated with ampicilin and those treated with bacampicillin. At 5-9 days after treatment, 93% of the ampicillin-treated patients and 89% of the bacampicillin-treated patients had negative genital, pharyngeal, and anal culture results; furthermore, 87% and 89% respectively had no symptoms of infection. Fewer gastrointestinal side effects were noted in the patients treated with bacampicillin. PMID- 7000306 TI - Mechanisms of selective toxicity of metronidazole and other nitroimidazole drugs. AB - The selectively toxic effect of nitroimidazole drugs towards anaerobic bacteria and protozoa depends on a number of factors. The killing action of such drugs as metronidazole requires the reduction of the nitro group, a process which influences the rate of entry of the drug into the susceptible cell and which is determined by mechanisms involving ferredoxin-linked (or the equivalent) reactions in the cell. The reduced agent subsequently causes strand breakage of DNA, the extent of which depends on the A + T content of the DNA. Other effects of such drugs may include the possible inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms which exacerbate DNA damage, Inhibition of activity of nitroimidazoles may be caused by aminothiol radical scavengers and radioprotectors normally present in the cell or by the presence of other organisms in the environment (that is, the vagina) capable of inactivating the drugs. PMID- 7000308 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. AB - The report has been divided in two parts. In the first part, the authors review the chief features of the alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. In the second part, are described the early ultrastructural changes observed in the sheep lung, three and twenty-four hours after the haemorragic shock indication. At third hour, the lesions showed a very heterogeneous distributive pattern. The interstitial oedema was the most striking feature at this time, but some important morphological lesions within endothelial and epithelial layers could be also observed. A large amount of neutrophyls on the way to degranulation or already degranulated were observed in the interstitium especially in the most damaged areas. The morphological status of the junctional complex was normal. After twenty-four hours, typical hyaline membranes and areas of well developed alveolar oedema could be seen. PMID- 7000307 TI - Quantitative microhaemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies in experimental syphilis. AB - The quantitative microhaemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP) was studies in 52 untreated and treated rabbits with experimental syphilis. Rabbits with incubating experimental syphilis were cured or inadequately treated with penicillin G and some cured rabbits were later reinfected. MHA-TP conversion occurred within 45 days in untreated rabbits. Titres reached peak levels about four months after inoculation and remained relatively high for up to two years. The quantitative MHA-TP test differentiated between rabbits cured of experimental incubating syphilis and those untreated and inadequately treated. MHA-TP titres decreased after treatment given six or 12 months after inoculation but reversion did not occur. MHA-TP conversion or significant increases in titre occurred as soon as seven days after reinfection and preceded corresponding changes in a quantitative non-treponemal test. The MHA TP is useful as a screening test for treponemal antibodies in rabbits. The quantitative MHA-TP in humans after treatment for syphilis and reinfection deserves further study. PMID- 7000310 TI - Successful prosthodontics for the general dentist. Sixth of a series. Selecting posterior teeth. PMID- 7000311 TI - Successful prosthodontics for the general dentist. Seventh of a series. Characterizing and setting anterior teeth. PMID- 7000309 TI - [Physiopathology of "lesional" pulmonary edema (a review)]. PMID- 7000313 TI - Successful prosthodontics for the general dentist. Fifth of a series. Anterior tooth selection. PMID- 7000312 TI - Successful prosthodontics for the general dentist. Fourth of a series. Mounting records. PMID- 7000314 TI - In memory of Helen Lamb Frost. PMID- 7000315 TI - Women students discrimination in dental school. PMID- 7000317 TI - Copings & tissue bar fabrication--teeth with divergent roots. PMID- 7000316 TI - Idiopathic external resorption of teeth. PMID- 7000318 TI - Dr. T.W.M. Cameron. PMID- 7000320 TI - Bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Quebec: antibody prevalence and disease outbreak. AB - The prevalence of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Quebec and the role of the virus in a respiratory disease outbreak was investigated. The indirect immunofluorescent, neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition techniques were used to carry out this study. Of the 1,444 adult animals examined 519 (35.9%) had antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. These positive reactors were found in each agricultural region of Quebec. The highest (53.0%) and the lowest (21.8%) prevalence was observed in the sera collected by the laboratories of St. Hyacinthe and Sherbrooke. During a respiratory disease outbreak affecting 77 calves on a farm, bovine respiratory syncytial virus was shown to be associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine viral diarrhea viruses and bovine adenovirus type 3 as detected by seroconversion. Of the 38 seroconverted animals 14 were seropositive to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7000319 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies in sera of Brucella suis-infected swine. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using a heat-killed Brucella suis antigen for detecting antibodies in the sera of swine from which B. suis was isolated. Optimal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions were obtained using heat-killed B. suis antigen at a concentration comparable to McFarland Standard No. 1. Statistically significant differences were observed in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results of 40 animals from which B. suis was isolated and the results for 48 noninfected swine at serum dilutions of 1:25 and 1:50 (P < 0.0001). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a rapid reproducible test which can be readily automated that appears to have practical value for screening large numbers of breeding and slaughter swine for brucellosis. PMID- 7000322 TI - Flock infection and transport as sources of salmonellae in broiler chickens and carcasses. AB - Cultural monitoring was used to determine the incidence and sources of salmonellae in a 4160-bird broiler flock raised on litter in 32 pens. Twenty-five of the pens remained apparently free of salmonellae during the 49-day growing period. Salmonella johannesburg, first detected in the meat meal component of the starter ration, was recovered from the litter of seven pens and from the intestines of dead or culled chicks from two pens. Salmonella alachua was also recovered from two of these pens. Culture of swabs collected from the plastic crates used to transport this flock for processing showed that 97/112 (86.6%) were contaminated with salmonellae (15 serovars) before the birds were loaded. The crate washer at the plant did not remove salmonellae from these crates: 97/132 (73.5%) crates sampled after washing yielded salmonellae. Eleven serovar were recovered, including S. johannesburg and S. alachua introduced by the infected flock. Twelve of 31 chickens (38.7%) collected when the birds were unloaded at the processing plant were intestinal carriers of S. johannesburg and/or S. alachua and 29 (93.5%) were external carriers. Salmonella johannesburg, S. alachua and four other serovars were isolated from the feathers of these birds. Eleven of 25 (44%) carcasses tested from this flock yielded salmonellae. Salmonella johannesburg or S. alachua, first isolated from the infected flock, were recovered from five carcasses and S. haardt and S. Typhimurium, first isolated from the transport crates were recovered from six carcasses. PMID- 7000323 TI - Animal models and human psychoneuroendocrinology: a selected minireview. PMID- 7000321 TI - Evaluation of API 20E System and Encise Enterotube for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of animal origin. AB - The API 20E System and the Encise Enterotube were evaluated for the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens of animal origin at a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Compared to conventional tubed media, the API 20E System identified 235 of 240 isolates (97.9%) correctly. The Encise Enterotube correctly identified 229 of the 240 isolates (95.4%). Thus, both these identification systems could be used to replace conventional methods for identifying members of this family isolated from animal origin. PMID- 7000324 TI - Reproduction in a laboratory colony of bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. PMID- 7000326 TI - Eyeshine in fishes. A review of ocular reflectors. PMID- 7000325 TI - Serum gonadotropin levels in mature male goldfish in response to luteinizing hormone--releasing hormone (LH-RH) and des-Gly10-[D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide. PMID- 7000327 TI - Effects of radiotransmitters on the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. PMID- 7000328 TI - Adrenal growth during pregnancy in the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus: initiation by mating. PMID- 7000329 TI - The brown lemming, Lemmus sibiricus (Rodentia, Arvicolidae), in the late Pleistocene of Alberta and its postglacial dispersal. PMID- 7000330 TI - A perspective on respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. AB - The etiological factors causing acute pneumonia in feedlot cattle are complex in terms of their interactions with the host to cause clinical disease or death. The most significant agent is Pasteurella hemolytica, but it may be acting relatively late in the overall sequence of events.It is necessary to develop an overall strategy to determine the pathogenesis of the disease in the field. Approaches to this objective are discussed, with the emphasis on the role of the epidemiologist. PMID- 7000331 TI - A brief review of bovine coccidiosis in Western Canada. AB - Coccidiosis of beef cattle, in both its enteric and nervous forms, seen in feedlots in Western Canada is discussed. Cases of coccidiosis accompanied by nervous signs, occasionally up to 30% of those affected enterically, are most common during the coldest winter months. The pathogenesis of the nervous form of the disease is unknown. Clinical management of disease outbreaks using various chemotherapeutics is described. The importance of using anticoccidial drugs before the onset of clinical signs in cattle in contact with sick animals is discussed. PMID- 7000332 TI - A study of relapse and course of 153 cases of Hodgkin's disease (clinical stages I and II) treated at the Institute Gustave-Roussy from 1963 to 1970 with radiotherapy alone or with adjuvant monochemotherapy. PMID- 7000333 TI - Chest radiography in pediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Pulmonary complications in children receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants are frequent and produce complex and confusing chest radiographic abnormalities. A simplified approach to the interpretation of the latter is presented. The development of patchy, parenchymal densities that are usually bilateral and rapidly progressive indicates a pneumonia. These are the most common complication within two months of transplantation. A combined alveolar and interstitial pattern in a perihilar distribution within two months of transplantation indicates pulmonary edema. A diffuse, bilateral reticulonodular pattern occurring more than two months following transplantation signifies the radiographic onset of interstitial lung disease. The development of diffuse, bilateral alveolar opacification extending to the periphery of the lung fields and associated with volume loss and air bronchograms indicates the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Etiologies are discussed. PMID- 7000334 TI - Familial carotid body tumors: case report and epidemiologic review. AB - We report on the cases of two sisters with carotid body tumor (CBT) and present a literature review that assembles epidemiologic information on 88 familial and 835 nonfamilial CBT patients. The sex ratio (males/females) of 1.0 for familial CBT (0.7 for nonfamilial) and CBT reports with complete sibship information suggest autosomal dominant genetic transmission. As in other familial cancers, bilateral disease is significantly more frequent in familial (31.8% of cases) than in nonfamilial CBT (4.4%). However, there is no difference in age at diagnosis between familial and nonfamilial CBR. Thus, this adult-onset familial cancer does not completely fit the Knudson "two-step mutation" model of carcinogenesis. We also found that 6% of reported CBT patients developed second primary tumors, mostly other paragangliomas. This feature suggests that CBT may be part of a larger neurocristopathy syndrome of multiple tumors of cells of neural crest origin. PMID- 7000335 TI - Cytotoxic effects of protease inhibitors on human cells. 1. High sensitivity of xeroderma pigmentosum cells to antipain. AB - Antipain had little effect on UV-survival and UV-induced sister chromatid exchanges in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells, suggesting that it may not affect DNA repair. Antipain itself produced a small, but significant, amount of sister chromatid exchanges. XP cells showed very high sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of antipain, but an SV40-transformed XP cell strain did not demonstrate high sensitivity. PMID- 7000336 TI - Daunorubicin: a brief review. PMID- 7000337 TI - Variations in cell form and cytoskeleton in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - Cell form and cytoskeletal organization were investigated in 13 human breast carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Using tubulin antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence to detect the arrangement of cytoplasmic microtubules, three distinct cell phenotypes were recognized: (a) cells with extensive arrays of microtubules (type 1); (b) cells which were diffusely stained with microtubules apparent only near the cell margins (type II intermediate); and (c) cells in which individual microtubules could not be detected and only diffuse fluorescence was apparent (type II diffuse). Type I cells were flattened epithelial-like cells, much like normal mammary epithelial cells, which when stained with actin antibody displayed many brightly fluorescent parallel cables or "stress fibers." Many microtubules and microfilament bundles were observed in type I cells when examined by transmission electron microscopy. Type II cells were more rounded, often grew in multilayered colonies, and displayed fewer microtubules and microfilament bundles when examined by either immunofluorescence or electron microscopy. Type II cells ranged from very small rounded cells with diffuse tubulin and actin immunofluorescence (type II diffuse) to more flattened cells in which microtubules and actin cables were observed near the flattened cell margins (type II intermediate). Since all of the cells were derived initially from malignant metastatic lesions and some were tumorigenic when injected into athymic nude mice, we assume that they remained malignant in vitro. Thus, in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro, it is not possible to associate any specific cell morphology or cytoskeletal phenotype with cancer or metastasis in vivo. Whether or not these same conclusions hold for breast tumor cells in situ remains to be determined. PMID- 7000338 TI - Identification and partial purification of human tumor nucleolar antigen 54/6.3. AB - The present study was designed to characterize the human tumor nucleolar antigens found first in the HeLa cells and subsequently in a broad range of human cancers. For visualization of the antigens, HeLa cell nucleolar or nuclear protein fractions were analyzed on 4% polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels. The gels were incubated with rabbit antisera to HeLa cell nucleoli and then with fluorescein- or peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. With this technique, two major nucleolar antigens (focusing at pH 6.3 and pH 6.1) were identified. These antigens were also found in the Namalwa cell, but not in human liver cells. Purification of the antigen(s) was achieved by selective extraction of Namalwa cell nuclei with 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 40 to 100% ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography in which the antigen was eluted with 0.15 M NaCl buffer (DE-0.15M fraction), and use of isoelectric focusing gels. The immunostained bands (HuAg 6.3 and HuAg 6.1) and the bright nucleolar immunofluorescence of the HeLa cells were not observed after the antisera were preabsorbed with the DE-0.15M fraction. The immunostained bands (HuAg 6.3 and HuAg 6.1) and the nucleolar immunofluorescence of the HeLa cells were also observed when isoelectric focusing gels were incubated with antiserum from rabbits immunized with the DE-0.15M fraction. On the sodium dodecyl sulfate second dimension of the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the antigen(s) migrated as single spots with appraent molecular weights of 54,000. PMID- 7000339 TI - Effect of feeder cell-released substances on the survival of clonogenic 9L cells after treatment with antimetabolites. AB - Exponentially growing monolayer cultures of 9L rat brain tumor cells were treated with either 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate. The surviving fraction of cells was determined by a colony formation assay. After 5-fluorouracil treatment, 2 to 5 X 10(5) feeder cells were required to maximize surviving fractions for each drug concentration and to generate a biphasic dose-response curve. If only 1 X 10(4) feeder cells were used, the dose-response curve was steep. Uridine added to the dishes containing 1 X 10(4) feeder cells restored the biphasic shape, while uridine and thymidine added to the dishes yielded the same curve obtained with 2 X 10(5) feeder cells. After methotrexate treatment, the surviving fraction of cells was dependent on feeder cell number when the medium in the dishes was supplemented with dialyzed fetal bovine serum, but it was not dependent on feeder cell number when nondialyzed fetal bovine serum was used. Biphasic dose-response curves were generated from methotrexate-treated cells plated in medium supplemented with either dialyzed or nondialyzed serum, but the drug was more toxic to cells plated in medium containing dialyzed serum. This additional toxicity could be reduced if either thymidine or N-5-formyltetrahydrofolate were added to the dishes and eliminated if 1 X 10(4) feeders were added. These results suggest that any cell culture system used to evaluate antimetabolites should be optimized for possible feeder cell and serum effects. PMID- 7000341 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on the resistance of the extracellular matrix to hydrolysis by tumor cells. AB - Extracellular matrices produced by cultured rat smooth muscle cells in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid wee used as substrates for the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. The matrix elaborated by smooth muscle cells in the presence of ascorbic acid contained glycoproteins, elastin, and collagen, and all of these components were digested by the tumor cells. In contrast, the matrix elaborated in the absence of ascorbic acid which contained glycoproteins and underhydroxylated elastin but no collagen was more resistant to tumor-induced hydrolysis. The underhydroxylated elastin was particularly refractory to the tumor proteases, suggesting that the elastolytic activity produced by HT1080 cells showed a marked preference for the natural substrate containing hydroxyproline. The digestion by HT1080 cells of elastin from living cultures of smooth muscle cells was also retarded if the extracellular proteins were produced under ascorbic acid-deficient conditions. These experiments therefore do not support the notion that connective tissues made under scorbutic conditions are inherently more susceptible to tumor hydrolysis. PMID- 7000340 TI - Destruction of extracellular matrices containing glycoproteins, elastin, and collagen by metastatic human tumor cells. AB - Four human tumor cell lines were grown in direct contact with the extracellular matrix proteins which had previously been produced by cultured rat smooth muscle cells. The extracellular matrix contained glycoproteins, elastin, and collagen, and its digestion by the tumor cells was followed by the appearance of radioactive breakdown products in the supernatant medium. All four tumor lines tested digested glycoproteins present in the matrix, whereas human fibroblasts were inactive in glycoprotein digestion. The human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) demonstrated elastolytic and collagenolytic activity in addition to a plasmin-induced hydrolysis of glycoproteins. Removal of glycoproteins from the matrix was necessary for the maximal digestion rate of elastin and collagen, and plasmin generation by the tumor cell plasminogen activator therefore played a pivotal role in the hydrolysis of all of the matrix components. The elastolytic and collagenolytic activities were localized to the plasma membrane since no matrix digestion occurred unless the tumor cells were grown in direct contact with the connective tissue proteins. These activities were not inhibited by a wide spectrum of protease inhibitors. The degradation of elastin and collagen required active protein synthesis suggesting a relatively short half-life for the degradative enzyme(s). These quantitative studies, in which tumor cells were grown in contact with a complex extracellular matrix possessing some of the characteristics of connective tissue, should have a bearing on tumor cell invasion. PMID- 7000342 TI - Use of primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes on collagen gel-nylon mesh to evaluate carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. AB - The procarcinogen, 2-acetylaminofluorene, the direct-acting carcinogen, methyl methanesulfonate, and two other hepatocarcinogens, thioacetamide and urethan, were tested for their ability to elicit unscheduled DNA synthesis in adult rat hepatocytes maintained in primary culture on collagen gel-nylon mesh. The carcinogens, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were added to 6-hr or to 28-hr cultures along with [methyl-3H]thymidine (1 muCi/ml medium) in the presence of 10 mM hydroxyurea. Twelve hr later, the hepatocytes were harvested from the cultures with collagenase, and their DNA was purified on CsCl isopyknic gradients. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was measured as the increase in [methyl-3H]thymidine radioactivity incorporated per microgram DNA of the carcinogen-treated cultures as compared with that of control cultures. Both 2-acetylaminofluorene and methyl methanesulfonate demonstrated a concentration-dependent stimulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the 6-hr hepatocyte cultures. However, the response of the 28-hr cultures to these two carcinogens was absent unless the hepatocytes were preincubated for 22 hr in culture medium supplemented with 10(-5) M dexamethasone and 10(-6) M glucagon or in a more complete hormone-supplemented medium. Thioacetamide and urethan, on the other hand, failed to elicit a concentration-dependent unscheduled DNA synthesis under these conditions. The results obtained with this culture system are similar to those of other short term tests for chemical carcinogenicity and support the potential use of the collagen gel-nylon mesh-hepatocyte primary culture as an in vitro screen for chemical carcinogens. Furthermore, this study suggests the importance of specific hormones in maintaining the capability for repair of DNA damage produced by carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals in cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 7000343 TI - Coincidental development of forestomach papilloma and prepyloric ulcer in nontreated mutant mice of W/Wv and SI/SId genotypes. AB - A double gene dose of mutant alleles at either the W or Sl locus produces the pleiotropic effects of anemia, sterility, lack of hair pigmentation, and lack of tissue mast cells. Coincidental development of forestomach papilloma and prepyloric ulcer was observed in about 40% of nontreated (WB X C57BL/6) F1-W/Wv mice raised in our laboratory. The stomach lesions of the W/Wv mice could be detected at the 15th day after birth, and such lesions never appeared in the W/+, Wv/+, and +/+ littermates maintained under the same laboratory conditions. Since the stomach lesions were also observed in (WC X C57BL/6) F1-Sl/Sld mice purchased from The Jackson Laboratory, phenotypes common to both W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice seem to play an essential role in the spontaneous development of the forestomach papilloma and prepyloric ulcer. PMID- 7000344 TI - Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with carcinoma of the cervix or vagina. AB - Thirty-six evaluable patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix or vagina not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy were treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil; 16.5% of the patients responded, with 2.7% having a complete response. Only four (11.17%) of the 36 patients are alive, all with persistent malignancy, and none of the responders are alive. Because of the low response and survival rates, this combination is not recommended for women with recurrent cervical or vaginal carcinoma. PMID- 7000346 TI - CCNU, melphalan, methotrexate, and prednisone (CAMP) versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. AB - Sixty-nine postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CCNU, melphalan, methotrexate, and prednisone (CAMP). Response rate (partial and complete remission) was significantly higher with CMF (50%) than with CAMP (20%). Hematologic toxic effects were equally pronounced with the two combinations as were the other side effects with the exception of alopecia, which occurred most frequently with CMF. PMID- 7000347 TI - Advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) without maintenance therapy. AB - Thirty-one patients with stage III or IV diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) at 3- or 4-week intervals for at least six cycles or until two cycles after complete remission (CR) was achieved. At the completion of therapy, CR was documented by examination of sites known to previously contain disease. After documentation of CR, patients were followed without maintenance therapy. Fifteen patients (48%) achieved CR, four (13%) had equivocal lymphangiograms on restaging but were otherwise free of disease, two (6%) died of unrelated causes during therapy, two (6%) developed central nervous system lymphoma during therapy and despite peripheral remission eventually died of the CNS disease, and eight (26%) had either partial or no response. Twelve of the 15 patients achieving CR remain disease-free with no therapy for 9+ to 43+ months. Three patients relapsed at 3, 4, and 23 months after discontinuation of therapy. Three of the four patients with equivocal restaging lymphangiograms remain without progressive disease with no therapy for 10+ months. The projected median survival time for all patients is 41 months. The risks of long-term (maintenance) chemotherapy are considerable and include the induction of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. CHOP without maintenance therapy is able to induce long-term disease-free survival (and probable cure) in a significant number of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7000348 TI - Results of the Royal Marsden Hospital second soft tissue sarcoma schedule (STS II) chemotherapy regimen in the management of advanced sarcoma. AB - Forty-eight patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma were treated with a five drug combination regimen consisting of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (Day 1) followed by doxorubicin and an infusion of methotrexate (Day 22). Thirty-seven of the 48 patients were fully evaluable. Of the 37 evaluable patients, two achieved a complete remission and three achieved a partial remission, with an overall response rate of 13.5%. These results compare unfavorably with previously reported series from this and other centers, and the regimen has now been superseded. PMID- 7000345 TI - L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM): the first 25 years. PMID- 7000349 TI - Tamoxifen: an overview of recent studies in the field of oncology. AB - The safety and efficacy of tamoxifen, administered as a single agent in the palliative treatment of advanced breast cancer, are well-established. The role of tamoxifen as part of combined modality treatment still needs to be fully investigated, as does its usefulness as an adjuvant to mastectomy. The use of tamoxifen for tumors other than those in the breast is as yet not clearly defined. Results currently available in these areas are reviewed here. PMID- 7000351 TI - Microradiographic observation of acidic subsurface decalcification in synthetic apatite aggregates. PMID- 7000352 TI - Artificial caries-like lesions around conventional, fluoride-containing and dispersed amalgams. PMID- 7000350 TI - Ischaemic heart disease: epidemiology, risk factors and cause. PMID- 7000353 TI - Early events of the host-tumor interaction, local tissue reactions in tumor take, growth, and metastasis. PMID- 7000354 TI - Cytoskeletal control of concanavalin A receptor mobility in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7000355 TI - [Dr. Emerich Maixner (1847--1920) - an outstanding personality in Czech internal medicine]. PMID- 7000356 TI - [Transplantation of the kidneys in patients with polycystic kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000357 TI - [Incitability, sthenia and asthenia. On the 200th anniversary of Brown's principles of medicine]. PMID- 7000358 TI - [Prostacyclins and thromboxanes, new substances from the prostanoid group]. PMID- 7000359 TI - [The environment of study and social activity of Slovak medical students in the 19th century (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000360 TI - Cell kinetic alterations in normal and neoplastic cell populations in vitro and in vivo following vincristine: a reply to Dr Camplejohn's review article. AB - It is shown that the lethal action of vincristine (VCR) is dose-dependent and may occur at interphase and mitosis. In general, the VCR dose used to destroy cells must be approximately ten times higher than that used to arrest cells in mitosis at metaphase. There is strong evidence that cells can survive metaphase arrest by a sublethal dose of VCR either completing cytokinesis normally after metabolism of the drug or becoming polyploid because of an impaired mitotic spindle apparatus. These cells are not doomed to die, at least in some cell systems. Furthermore, there is strong evidence in three animal tumour systems (transplantable and autochthonous tumours) that VCR is able to induce in vivo partial synchronization of proliferating tumour cells and/or recruitment of resting cells into the proliferating compartment. Failures to induce partial synchrony in cell populations by VCR may be attributed to resistance to VCR or cytolysis or slow proliferation of cells in badly vascularized tumours. Chemotherapy after synchronization seems to be effective as shown by non randomized trials in bad-risk patients with solid tumours and acute leukaemias. In a randomized co-operative trial results of the two-drug synchronization protocol in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high grade malignancy were statistically better than those of a four-drug protocol (COPP) established empirically. The two-drug protocol was equally effective as the four-drug protocol in Hodgkin's disease. Side-effects were less pronounced with the so called synchronization scheme. PMID- 7000361 TI - Thyrotropes in the pituitary are target cells for 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3. AB - In the anterior pituitary of the rat, target cells of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 are identified as those that secrete thyroid stimulating hormone by means of a combined technique of thaw-mount autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. The results for the first time provide evidence that suggests a central effect of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on the modulation of thyrotropin secretion in a manner similar to that of other steroid hormones at the level of the pituitary. PMID- 7000365 TI - Where is the H-Y structural gene? PMID- 7000364 TI - The occurrence of erythropoiesis in the thymus of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). AB - The thymus of wild young and adult bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) was examined by histological methods for the presence of developing erythroid cells. Nucleated erythroid cells were observed in 26% of the glands examined by light microscopy and in 69% of the glands examined by electron microscopy. The largest number of developing erythroid cells was observed in the thymus of pregnant females, also showing raised reticulocyte counts (3.1-10.2%). However, erythropoiesis could also be found in breeding and non-breeding, first year and older animals. Erythroid cells were mainly located in the cortex, sometimes in small groups interspersed between lymphoid cells, and also randomly scattered in the cortex. Occasionally, macrocytic erythroid cells were also present. Pyknotic cells were commonly present, and granulopoiesis was frequently observed. PMID- 7000362 TI - In vivo estrogen uptake by individual cell types of the rat anterior pituitary after short-term castration-adrenalectomy. AB - In vivo estrogen uptake was measured in five anterior pituitary cell types of the rat by a quantitative autoradiographic-immunocytochemical technique. In male and female rats that had been castrated and adrenalectomized for one day all five cell types showed nuclear concentration of label one hour after injection of 3H estradiol. The order of labeling intensity was lactotropes > somatotropes > gonadotropes > corticotropes > thyrotropes. No significant overall sex difference in estrogen uptake was apparent although male pituitaries tended to take up slightly more. Physiological correlates to these data are discussed. PMID- 7000366 TI - Calcium ions, electrical currents and the choreography of (some) eucaryotic cells. PMID- 7000363 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations of early stages of phagocytosis of E. coli by human neutrophils. AB - Changes in surface morphology, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, appear rapidly when human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are challenged with bacteria. Monolayers of PMN adhering to glass were incubated with opsonized E. coli from 5 sec to 10 min, and then fixed and prepared for SEM. As early as 5 sec after phagocytic challenge, E. coli are found in contact with PMN and in the process of engulfment into open cavities formed by lamellipodia. The shape of the mouth of the forming phagocytic vacuole is related to the orientation of bacteria during entry. Bacteria engulfed into early forming phagosomes are surrounded by a large open space between the bacteria and the phagosome wall. As phagocytosis proceeds, the space is reduced and the loose fit around the entering bacteria becomes tight. By 30 sec. bacteria may be completely internalized and by 1 min phagocytized E. coli are packed into bulging PMN. The observations reveal the variability and rapidity of the phagocytic response and confirm the presence of sensitive mechanisms for host defense by PMN. PMID- 7000367 TI - Evaluation of the "scanning model" for initiation of protein synthesis in eucaryotes. PMID- 7000368 TI - The mandibular staple bone plate for the atropic mandible. PMID- 7000369 TI - Human macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in proliferation to soluble antigen. I. Specific delection of lymphocyte proliferative activity on macrophage monolayers. PMID- 7000370 TI - Stimulation of pinocytosis in the macrophage by lymphocyte mediators. I. Description of the phenomenon. PMID- 7000371 TI - Stimulation of pinocytosis in the macrophage by lymphocyte mediators. II. Evidence that the stimulating factor is MAF, and studies on the cellular requirements for response to the mediator. PMID- 7000372 TI - Stimulation of guinea pig macrophage pinocytosis by lipopolysaccharides (LPS): evidence that LPS acts directly on the macrophage. PMID- 7000373 TI - Cellular changes in the bone marrow of plasmodium berghei-infected mice. II. Blast transformation and phagocytosis. PMID- 7000374 TI - Chemical modification of macrophages enhances their responses to human macrophage activation factor. PMID- 7000375 TI - Similarities in enhanced glucosamine incorporation by macrophages stimulated with migration inhibitory factor and the fucolectin from Lotus tetragonolobus. PMID- 7000376 TI - Detection and partial characterization of lymphoid cell surface proteases. PMID- 7000377 TI - Thymocyte activation by cytokines: direct assessment of G0-G1 transition by flow cytometry. PMID- 7000379 TI - Production of an antibody against guinea pig MIF. II. Analysis of the antibody reacting material using radiolabeled lymphokines. PMID- 7000378 TI - Long-term effects of splenectomy on immunocompetent cells of adult mice. PMID- 7000382 TI - [On the 100th anniversary of Dr. Jiri Trapl - founder of Czechoslovak perinatology]. PMID- 7000381 TI - Mechanisms of action of "lymphocyte-activating factor" (LAF). IV. Differential stimulation of T lymphocytes by induced macrophage enzymes (catheptic carboxypeptidase B and serine proteases). PMID- 7000383 TI - [The role of the pineal body in endocrine regulation]. PMID- 7000380 TI - Human macrophage--lymphocyte interaction in proliferation to soluble antigen. II. Characterization of lymphocyte binding to antigen-pulsed macrophage monolayers. PMID- 7000384 TI - [Effect of drugs on memory and the metabolism of methionine in the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000385 TI - [Comparison of active and placebo effect of electrosleep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000386 TI - [The Dobrany Psychiatric Institute celebrates its 100th anniversary]. PMID- 7000387 TI - [First four head physicians of the Prague Mental Institution I. Jan Theobald Held, M. D. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000388 TI - Misonidazole in the clinic at Mount Vernon. AB - Clinical experience at Mount Vernon from November 1974 has now extended to over 200 patients. Neurotoxicity is the dominant dose-limiting toxic effect and was seen in 28% of those given two or more doses. Randomized clinical trials in carcinoma of bronchus, bladder, and breast have so far shown no advantage to those in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. Although misonidazole may be shown to be of benefit in certain situations, it is unlikely to be a drug of general use in radiotherapy. The promise of an increase in local tumor control in radiotherapy with use of an effective hypoxic cell sensitizer remains. New more effective hypoxic cell sensitizers are needed. PMID- 7000389 TI - Bis-diketopiperazine derivatives in clinical oncology: ICRF-159. AB - ICRF-159 is a bis-diketopiperazine derivative active in a variety of preclinical animal tumor models. Because of its poor solubility characteristics, the drug must be given p.o. However, when given by this route at high doses, poor bioavailability was noted. Two interesting preclinical properties of this agent are its antimetastatic effect and the ability to reduce anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Phase I studies have delineated myelosuppression as the major toxicity with GI toxicity also occurring. In phase II studies, interesting activity has been noted in lymphomas and head and neck carcinomas. When ICRF-159 was combined with radiotherapy, prolonged responses were noted in sarcoma and lung carcinoma in small numbers of patients. Further studies are indicated in areas of activity as a single agent and as a potentiator of radiation therapy. PMID- 7000390 TI - Magnetizable solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay of thyroxine by a sequential addition technique. AB - We describe a simple fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of thyroxine concentrations in serum. The method, "sequential addition, separation fluoroimmunoassay," involves both thyroxine labeled with fluorescein and magnetizable cellulose/iron oxide particles to which antibodies to thyroxine have been covalently linked. Serum sample or standard is incubated with an excess of the solid-phase antibody; the particles, which now carry most of the antigen in the sample, are sedimented onto a magnet and the supernate, which contains endogenous fluorophores and other interfering factors, is removed and discarded. Excess labeled thyroxine is then added, and, after incubation, the fluorescence in the supernate (free fraction), which is related directly to the amount of thyroxine in the sample is measured. For the whole procedure, including fluorometry, each sample is treated entirely within disposable polystyrene test tubes. Correlation studies with two different radioimmunoassays showed good agreement. PMID- 7000391 TI - Study of an enzyme immunoassay kit for carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - We evaluated a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on a non-competitive "sandwich principle" method (Abbott Laboratories). The serum sample is treated with an acid buffer and the supernate is incubated with an anti-CEA coated polystyrene bead. After washing, the bead is incubated with an anti-CEA/peroxidase conjugate. After a second washing, the activity of the enzyme bound to the solid phase is assayed after addition of a chromogenic substrate. This activity is proportional to the concentration of CEA in the serum sample. The characteristics of the assay are: (a) good sensitivity (around 0.25 microgram/L) and (b) satisfactory reproducibility (CV < 11% within assay). There is little cross reactivity between CEA and molecules such as nonspecific cross-reacting antigens that are known for their high potential of cross reactivity. No nonspecific interference was encountered with anti-globulin factors. We compared results with this enzyme immunoassay kit with those by a radioimmunoassay provided by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique. The correlation (r) was 0.95 (p < 0.001). The distribution of CEA values obtained for 1020 normal subjects is given. We conclude that the kit provides a simple and reliable procedure. PMID- 7000392 TI - Evaluation of a new homogeneous enzyme inhibitor immunoassay of serum thyroxine with use of a bichromatic analyzer. AB - We evaluated a new homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine with use of a discrete analyzer (the ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzer), modified with an auxiliary dispenser assembly. The assay is based on inhibition of hydrolysis of the substrate, acetyl-beta-(methylthio)choline iodide, by acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.7). Thyroxine covalently linked to a cholinesterase inhibitor irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, but if this thyroxine conjugate is bound to antibody it is not inhibitory. Seventy-five patients' samples may be analyzed in 1 h of instrument time. Precision and accuracy are excellent, results correlate well with those by radioimmunoassay, and there were no instances of confused clinical interpretation resulting from use of the proposed assay. PMID- 7000393 TI - Dimenhydrinate interferes with radioimmunoassay of theophylline. PMID- 7000394 TI - Renin and aldosterone in hypothyroidism: relation to excretion of sodium and potassium. AB - Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were studied together with the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium in patients with hypothyroidism. The basal levels of PRA and PA were significantly less than those in normal subjects. However, there was no significant relationship between PRA and PA. The response of PRA after administration of 40 mg of frusemide in patients with hypothyroidism was significantly less than that in normal subjects, although the excretion of sodium was slightly higher than that in normal subjects. On the other hand, the excretion of potassium in patients with hypothyroidism was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. The responses of PA to various stimulations, such as ACTH, angiotensin II, potassium and frusemide, were equally suppressed. These results suggest that PRA and PA may be suppressed independently in hypothyroidism ,probably due to dysfunction of juxtaglomerular cells and glomerulosa cells, respectively, and the possibility that suppression of PRA and PA in patients with hypothyroidism is related to exaggerated sodium excretion and a decrease in potassium excretion cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7000395 TI - Physiology and pathology of gastrin. AB - Gastrin release does play a part in the cephalic phase of acid secretion in man and is the major mechanism for the gastric phase of acid secretion. The vagal control of gastrin release is most likely mediated by cholinergic and possibly non-cholinergic excitatory fibres, as well as by cholinergic inhibitory fibres. Gastric luminal control of gastrin release is by local food and possibly distension stimulation, as well as by acid inhibition. Of the various causes of hypergastrinaemia, those associated with gastrinoma, G-cell hyperfunction and retained antrum have definite pathogenetic roles. Duodenal ulcer disease is a heterogeneous goup of disorders having different pathogenetic mechanisms. Parietal cell hyperplasia and G-cell dysfunctions, consisting of modest to florid G-cell hyperfunction and hyperplasia with secondary parietal cell hyperplasia, are but some facets of abnormalities that we have been able to identify. PMID- 7000396 TI - Secretin. PMID- 7000397 TI - Motilin. PMID- 7000398 TI - Gut glucagon-like immunoreactants. PMID- 7000399 TI - The entero-insular axis and the metabolic effects of gastro-enteropancreatic polypeptides. PMID- 7000401 TI - Trophic effects of gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 7000400 TI - Hormonal changes after gastric surgery. PMID- 7000402 TI - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of human renal transplants. PMID- 7000403 TI - Prostaglandin E1 treatment of NBZ/W F1 hybrids--induction of in vitro and in vivo cell-mediated immune response to DNA. PMID- 7000404 TI - Localization of microfibrillar antigen(s) in human fetal tissues and comparison with other connective tissue components. PMID- 7000405 TI - The artificial granuloma 1: in vitro lymphokine production by pulmonary artificial hypersensitivity granulomas. PMID- 7000406 TI - Increased frequency of homogeneous immunoglobulins in the sera of nude athymic mice with age. PMID- 7000407 TI - Prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin axis. PMID- 7000408 TI - MLC-blocking factors in uremic sera. AB - In 24 patients on regular hemodialysis, the sera were analyzed for the capacity to inhibit mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responsers in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. The sera from 15 of these patients (63%) inhibited MLC>50 per cent compared to control serum. Seven of the MLC blocking sera contained multispecific anti-HLA antibodies. The level of serum urea and serum creatinine was the same in sera with or without MLC inhibition. In two patients with MLC inhibiting sera but with no detectable cytotoxic anti-HLA antibodies, the plasma concentrations of middle molecules were high. The MLC inhibiting effect of anti-HLA antibodies was removed by repeated absorptions with platelets and lymphocytes. However, in sera containing "uremic" factors the MLC inhibiting effect was not removed by absorptions. Ultrafiltrate (cut-off point 50,000 daltons) from uremic plasma also gave inhibition of MLC responses compared to ultrafiltrate from normal plasma. Pooled ultrafiltrate from plasma with high concentrations of middle molecules gave the strongest inhibition. Thus, it is concluded that MLC inhibition in uremic sera is caused by anti-HLA-A, -B, -C, and HLA-DR antibodies and by ultrafiltrate of plasma most probably due to middle molecules. PMID- 7000409 TI - The classic. On a particular form of pseudo-coxalgia associated with a characteristic deformity of the upper end of the femur: Jacques Calve. AB - Jacques Calve was born in Paris in 1875. After finishing his education and medical training in Paris, he obtained the position as assistant surgeon at the Maritime Hospital in Berck-sur-mer. This was a major hospital for the treatment of patients with tuberculosis and was directed by V. Menard. There were large numbers of children with tuberculosis of the hip and a newly installed X-ray apparatus. The combination of clinical acumen and the new technology resulted in the definition and characterization of a new, hitherto unrecognized, disease of the hip. Calve remained active in his work until he became absorbed in the treatment of casualties from World War I. Following the war, he and his wife, the daughter of an American army officer, headed a Franco-American foundation that established the great orthopedic hospital at Berck-sur-mer. Calve served as chief surgeon of this hospital until his retirement in 1945. During his tenure he made substantial contributions to the treatment of tuberculosis of the bones and joints. After a long sojourn in the United States Calve returned to his old hospital to die in 1954. PMID- 7000410 TI - Bacteremia in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Bacteremia in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been previously reported, a fact probably attributable to activated systemic immunity in the presence of chronic bronchopulmonary infection. We have observed two CF patients under a year of age with documented bacteremia, and a teen-aged patient with autopsy evidence of premortem bacteremia. Organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, having presumably spread from the lower respiratory tract in both patients. None of the patients had historical or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. The true incidence of bacteremia in CF patients is unknown, and the circumstances under which it occurs have not yet been defined. PMID- 7000411 TI - Provisional temporization witH acid-etch resin technique. PMID- 7000412 TI - Preliminary evidence for the conversion of dog renin into a higher-molecular weight form by cold storage. AB - 1. A soluble fraction of renal cortical homogenate (cytosol) and renin extracted from isolated renin granules of the dog kidney were kept at 0 degrees C. 2. Although the molecular weight of the renin in the cytosol on day 1 was estimated to be about 40 000 by gel filtration, the renin was completely converted into a higher-molecular-weight form (60 000) by day 7. The renin in the granules kept its molecular size of 40 000 during cold storage. 3. This type of molecular weight conversion could be performed without protease inhibitors. 4. Dithiothreitol neither inhibited the conversion into the higher-molecular-weight form of renin during cold storage nor led to a reduction in the molecular weight of renin, although the oxidation of thiol groups has been proposed as the mechanism for the molecular-weight conversion of renin. 5. Keeping a mixture of renin from the granules and crude renin-binding substance at 0 degrees C for 7 days resulted in the conversion of the renin into the higher-molecular-weight form, indicating that the renin-binding substance we have previously described is required for the conversion during cold storage. 6. Acidification caused the higher-molecular-weight form of renin formed in the cytosol to change to the lower-molecular-weight form, with a concomitant increase in activity of about 50%. PMID- 7000414 TI - Nitrous oxide and the cobalamins. PMID- 7000413 TI - Determination of the pool size and synthesis rate of bile acids by measurements in blood of patients with liver disease. AB - 1. A simplified technique for the measurement of bile-acid pool size and synthesis rate has been developed in patients with liver disease. Isotope dilution studies in blood and bile were performed after intravenous injection of [24-14C]cholic acid with radioimmunoassay for the measurement of the bile-acid concentration. The interpolated pool sizes and synthesis rates, determined from results from both blood and bile, were not significantly different. The concentration of bile acids in the blood of healthy controls was not sufficiently elevated to permit application of this technique. 2. Three out of six patients with cirrhosis had a markedly reduced pool size compared with that of controls, whereas those with cholestasis had an unchanged pool size. The daily synthesis rate was reduced in both groups. Liver disease caused a redistribution (0.5-16%) of the bile-acid pool to the blood, which was associated with enhanced urinary excretion of cholic acid and its metabolites. PMID- 7000415 TI - Airway and metabolic resistance to intravenous salbutamol: a study in normal man. AB - 1. The airway and metabolic responses to an intravenous beta 2-agonist salbutamol have been investigated in normal subjects before and after chronic administration of inhaled salbutamol, 1600 micrograms daily for 2 weeks. 2. Before chronic inhalation of salbutamol there was a dose-dependent increase in specific airway conductance after intravenous salbutamol in cumulative doses from 25 to 300 micrograms. 3. Measurement of concentrations of blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, ketone bodies, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, plasma cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were made after each increment of salbutamol and all showed an increase apart from cyclic GMP. 4. After chronic inhalation of salbutamol there was a decrease in the airway, metabolic and insulin response to intravenous salbutamol. The cyclic AMP response showed little change. 5. This study confirms the development of adrenergic resistance in the airways of normal subjects after large does of inhaled salbutamol and shows that this is associated with widespread metabolic adrenergic resistance. PMID- 7000416 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on erythrocyte and haemoglobin function. AB - 1. As it has been suggested that the beneficial effect of methylprednisolone in shock is due to its effect on erythraocyte oxygen affinity, we studied its effect on incubated erythrocytes and on haemoglobin solution. 2. Incubation of fresh whole blood anticoagulated with acid/citrate/dextrose with methylprednisolone (7 mmol/l) produced a significant decrease in oxygen affinity, which was not seen with lower concentrations of methylprednisolone. When either acid/citrate/dextrose blood stored for 10 days or fresh heparinized blood was used, no significant increase in the partial pressure of oxygen at 50% haemoglobin saturation (P50) was demonstrated even with methylprednisolone at 7 mmol/l. At the highest concentration achieved in plasma with standard therapeutic doses (56 mumol/l) there was no increase in P50 under all the conditions studied. 3. Methylprednisolone reduced the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin in solution. The reduction in oxygen affinity was less than that produced by 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and more than that of either sodium succinate or sodium chloride. 4. From the results of this study we conclude that the effect observed in whole cells is probably due to a direct effect of methylprednisolone on haemoglobin. To produce a significant decrease of oxygen affinity of while blood in vitro requires a plasma concentration of methylprednisolone above that obtained in plasma in vivo, with the currently used therapeutic doses. PMID- 7000417 TI - Forearm glucose uptake in cirrhosis and its relationship to glucose tolerance. AB - 1. Oral glucose-tolerance tests (100 g) were carried out in six patients with stable well-compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis and in 12 control subjects. 2. In confirmation of previous studies, patients with cirrhosis had high post-glucose serum insulin levels and were glucose intolerant (mean incremental glucose area 954 +/- 186 compared with 482 +/- 35 mmol 3 h-1 l-1 in controls; P < 0.05). 3. Forearm arteriovenous differences of glucose and forearm blood flow were measured to estimate the proportion of the glucose load metabolized in peripheral tissues. Values in cirrhotic patients and control subjects (5614 +/- 1630 compared with 5344 +/- 672 mumol of glucose min-1 l-1 of forearm in 3 h) were similar despite higher glucose levels and sustained high insulin levels in the cirrhotic patients. 4. Peak lactate concentrations after glucose were of similar magnitude in the two groups (0.66 +/- 0.12 compared with 0.62 +/- 0.75 mmol/l) but in the patients with cirrhosis the peak occurred later and was more sustained. 5. The glucose intolerance of cirrhosis is primarily due to impaired hepatic retention of the glucose load. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues may also be important since the higher insulin concentrations found in cirrhotic patients failed to enhance peripheral glucose uptake. PMID- 7000418 TI - Collagen and disorders of bone. PMID- 7000419 TI - Renin release during head-up tilt occurs independently of sympathetic nervous activity in tetraplegic man. AB - 1. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the release of renin during head up tilt has been studied in five normal subjects and in four tetraplegic patients with cervical spinal-cord transection above the sympathetic outflow. Blood pressure, heart rate and concentrations of plasma noradrenaline, plasma adrenaline and plasma renin activity were measured during head-up tilt to 45 degrees before and after acute beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with intravenous propranolol. 2. In the normal subjects there were minimal changes in blood pressure during head-up tilt and there was a rise in both plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity. After propranolol values of plasma renin activity at rest fell with little change occurring during head-up tilt. 3. In the tetraplegic patients there was a substantial fall in blood pressure during head up tilt. Concentrations of plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline did not change but there was a marked increase in plasma renin activity. Values of plasma renin activity both at rest and during head-up tilt were unaffected by propranolol. 4. We conclude that in tetraplegic patients renin release during head-up tilt may occur independently of sympathetic nervous activity and is probably largely dependent on activation of renal vascular receptors. PMID- 7000421 TI - The modelling of drug response. PMID- 7000420 TI - Renin precursor from mouse kidney identified by cell-free translation of messenger RNA. AB - 1. The biosynthetic precursor of renin (preprorenin) from mouse kidney is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 50 000. 2. This is the same value as previously found for mouse submaxillary gland pre-prorenin. 3. Mouse kidney pre-prorenin (mol. wt. 50 000) is larger than the enzymatically active renin (mol. wt. 40 000). PMID- 7000422 TI - Subcellular distribution of low- and high-molecular-weight renin and its relation to a renin inhibitor in pig renal cortex. AB - 1. The subcellular distribution of low-molecular-weight and high-molecular weight forms of pig renin has been investigated. 2. Renin, in aqueous extracts of a 'renin granular fraction' prepared by differential centrifugation, after gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 displayed an apparent molecular weight of 40 000 and was not activated by acidification to pH 2.8. 3. Renin in the soluble fraction separated on Sephadex G-100 at neutral pH displayed a main peak of activity with an apparent molecular weight of 40 000. When eluates were acidified to pH 2.8 (2 degrees C, 60 min) a marked increase in renin activity was observed in the region corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 50 000. 4. A renin inhibitory material was isolated from the soluble fraction by DEAE chromatography. This material displayed an apparent molecular weight of 50 000 and it was destroyed by acidification to pH 2.8. 5. The presence of the proteolytic inhibitor N ethylmaleimide yielded an apparently high-molecular-weight form of renin (60 000- 70 000) from the soluble fraction, but this was not found in the granular fraction. 6. We conclude that pig renal renin is stored within membrane-bounded subcellular organelles as the low-molecular-weight form. High-molecular-weight renin and renin inhibitory activity are localized to the cortical soluble fraction. In addition, the soluble fraction contains a material which in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide results in the formation of an apparently high molecular-weight renin. PMID- 7000424 TI - Biometric principles in clotting and clot lysis assays. PMID- 7000425 TI - The Ultra-Flo 100 platelet counter: a new approach to platelet counting. AB - The Clay Adams Ultra-Flo 100 whole blood platelet counter is a semiautomated instrument. The count is made on dilute whole blood by the detection of comparatively small current changes induced by the cells suspended in a conducting diluent as they flow thrugh an orifice. Alarm systems are incorporated in the instrument to detect sample irregularities due to microcytosis, and large and small platelets. The results of this evaluation are given, and confirm that the results using the Ultra-Flo 100 compare very favourably with those obtained using phase contrast microscopy. PMID- 7000423 TI - Prostacyclin-like activity in the female rat thoracic aorta and the inferior vena cava after ethinyloestradiol and norethisterone. AB - 1. Female rats were injected with ethinyloestradiol, norethisterone or both compounds for 30 days. Prostacyclin-like activity was measured in the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava. 2. In the thoracic aorta of rats injected with ethinyloestradiol and ethinyloestradiol/norethisterone, prostacyclin-like activity was significantly increased. Norethisterone alone had no effect. 3. In the inferior vena cava of rats injected with ethinyloestradiol, norethisterone or both compounds, prostacyclin-like activity was not significantly altered. The amount of prostacyclin generated by the inferior vena cava was much lower than that by the aorta. 4. Experimentally induced changes in the vessel wall after the administration of contraceptive steroids must be due to factors other than diminished prostacyclin production. PMID- 7000426 TI - [Chemotherapy of tumors of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7000427 TI - [Therapy of essential arterial hypertension. VI]. PMID- 7000428 TI - [The action of pyrantel pamoate in the therapy of helminth infestations]. PMID- 7000429 TI - Transforming genes of retroviruses. PMID- 7000430 TI - Products of the adenovirus-12 transforming genes and their functions. PMID- 7000431 TI - Nature and intracellular location of the product of the src gene of avian sarcoma virus. PMID- 7000432 TI - [Discussion: at the conclusion of "Growing Pain"]. PMID- 7000433 TI - The discoveries of somatic treatments in psychiatry: facts and myths. PMID- 7000434 TI - Notes on the history of social psychiatry. PMID- 7000436 TI - Methods of pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goats. AB - Ninety percent accuracy in pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonic techniques during the last half of gestation in ewes and does has been reported. Rectal abdominal palpation is relatively inexpensive and easy to perform in field conditions with more than 90% accuracy after 60 days of gestation. Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal count is possible by radiographic technique after the 90th and 70th day of gestation in ewes and does, respectively. Vaginal biopsy techniques have yielded an accuracy of 97% after the 40th day of gestation in ewes and progesterone assays after the 20th day of gestation have yielded 90% accuracy both in ewes and does. Direct palpation of the pregnant uterus via laparotomy after the 28th day of gestation in ewes has demonstrated less than 3% error. PMID- 7000435 TI - Chorionic gonadotropin prevents LRF-agonist-induced luteolysis in the human. AB - The effects of exogenous and endogenous hCG on the luteolytic action of LRF agonist, [D-Trp6, Pro9NEt]-LRF (LRF-Ag), were evaluated. In sequential studies, 4 normal cycling women treated with LRF-Ag (50 microgram S.C.) on two consecutive days had premature decline of circulating levels of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) with a shortened (p < 0.05) luteal phase (11.5 +/- 1.2 days) when compared to the control cycle (15 +/- 0.7 days). When intramuscular hCG was added to the LRF-Ag treatment in doses of 100 IU or 5000 IU daily for 7 days, the luteal function was prolonged (19 +/- 1.2 days, p < 0.05) with significant (p < 0.001) elevation of P and E2 levels compared with the control cycle. Four women with early pregnancy, requesting therapeutic abortion, were given LRF-Ag (50 microgram or 500 microgram S.C.) on 2 consecutive days. None of the 4 women aborted and there was no change in the levels of beta hCG, P or E2 over the course of a week. These results indicate that both exogenous or endogenous hCG can overcome the luteolytic effect of LRF-Ag within the dose and duration used. The possibility that a more prolonged administration of a larger dose of LRF-Ag may negate the luteotropic effect of hCG remains to be explored. PMID- 7000437 TI - Treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle. A decision analysis. AB - A formal decision analysis was done to answer the question: At what day post partum does it become cheaper to treat ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone than to wait for spontaneous recovery? PMID- 7000438 TI - Pulmonary venous admixture during mechanical ventilation with varying FIO2 and PEEP. AB - Many authors have indicated that high FIO2 (0.75-1.0) ventilation may increase pulmonary venous admixture. Reabsorption atelectasis is supposedly responsible for this adverse effect. The authors attempted to determine if increasing PEEP during high FIO2 ventilation could eliminate the detrimental influence of the latter. In 17 patients in respiratory failure, hemodynamic and respiratory variables were measured during ventilation with FIO2 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 and PEEP varying from -3 to +5 cm H2O from baseline. Before exposure to FIO2 > 0.75, addition of PEEP resulted in a decrease of Qs/Qt from a mean of 26.6-21.9%. After exposure to FIO2 0.75-1.0, Qs/Qt remained at levels not different from baseline, even when PEEP 8 cm H2O above baseline was added. The authors conclude that ventilation with high FIO2 is not useful in determining Qs/Qt, and may prevent the improvement in pulmonary venous admixture associated with PEEP therapy. PMID- 7000439 TI - A method of estimating the functional residual capacity of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. AB - This report describes and evaluates a new method of estimating the functional residual capacity (FRC) of newborn infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Standard nitrogen washout methods of measuring lung volume are time consuming, frequently interfere with patient care, and may be hazardous to prematurely born infants. The authors are using a four-breath nitrogen washout technique to estimate the FRC of infants. The method was evaluated using: (1) a mechanical lung model, and (2) results from 32 newborn infants with RDS. The actual volume of the mechanical lung model was 21.6 ml and the estimated volume was 21.4 +/- 2.3 (SD) n = 13. Using different volumes in the mechanical lung model and comparing with estimated FRCs yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.96 (n = 15). Comparing the FRC of infants determined by standard nitrogen washout with the estimated FRC yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.92, n = 145. Thus, the results of the two methods are in good agreement. The new method reduces the period of breathing pure oxygen from several minutes to just a few seconds, thus, decreasing the dangers of absorption atelectasis and oxygen toxicity. The new system also lends itself well to micro-processor automation. PMID- 7000440 TI - Adult and pediatric fellowship programs in critical care medicine. PMID- 7000441 TI - Ultrastructure, physiology, and biochemistry of Bacillus thuringiensis. PMID- 7000442 TI - Environmental factors that influence the toxicity of heavy metal and gaseous pollutants to microorganisms. PMID- 7000443 TI - Effect of nifedipine on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. AB - The effect of the acute and long-term oral administration of nifedipine on glucose and insulin levels during a standard oral glucose tolerance test was studied in a total of 8 diabetic and 8 non-diabetic patients. No significant effect weas found on either glucose or insulin levels or on serum calcium and phosphate concentrations. The drug was withdrawn in 2 patients because of side effects and failure of response, respectively. When used in standard recommended oral dosage nifedipine has no significant effect on glucose tolerance. PMID- 7000444 TI - Genetic analysis of the lac repressor. PMID- 7000445 TI - Infectious bursal disease virus. PMID- 7000446 TI - Immunity and repression in bacteriophages P1 and P7. PMID- 7000448 TI - Bullous pemphigoid in a one hundred year old woman. AB - A one hundred year old woman presented with eosinophilia, pruritus, and an erythematous rash which developed into a generalized bullous eruption. Histologic and immunologic examination as well as clinical course confirmed the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. the possibility of an allergic or drug-induced disease was considered because of her initial clinical and laboratory findings. Furosemide was suspected. Prior cases of bullous pemphigoid appearing after furosemide therapy were reviewed and compared. After other possible etiologies were excluded, prednisone therapy was instituted with resolution of the bullous skin lesions. PMID- 7000447 TI - Escherichia coli infection of the finger. A possible cause of dermatitis repens. AB - A clinical diagnosis suggestive of dermatitis repens was made in a patient in whom a bacterial culture grew Escherichia coli. There was a prompt response after appropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated, and the patient's condition cleared within one week. PMID- 7000449 TI - Evaluation of a preparative method for x-ray microanalysis of soft tissues. AB - We have adapted the cryopreparative methods designed for the radioautography of diffusible substances (Stumpf and Roth, 1966, 1967) to produce freeze-fried sections of soft tissues for electron probe microanalysis. This report concerns the evaluation of these methods for use with X-ray microanalysis with particular reference to: (1) the preservation of cellular morphology, (2) the introduction of structural artefact by ice crystal formation, (3) the preservation of natural elemental distributions under experimental conditions where known quantities of diffusible elements are present, (4) the effects of ice crystal formation upon possible artefactual elemental redistributions, (5) the effect of section thickness on elemental quantitation, and (6) the effect of tissue excision on element translocation. Freeze-dried sections were prepared from mouse pancreas and from 20% (w/v) solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gelatin containing known amounts of inorganic salts and were analysed in a scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive X-ray detecting equipment. With the preparative methods used, the morphology of pancreatic acinar cells was well preserved. Acinar cell boundaries, nuclear boundaries, chromatin, nucleoli, ergastoplasm and zymogen granules were readily discernible. Ice crystals were present within sections of BSA, but 70% had a cut surface area < 1 micrometer2 and over 90% had a cut surface area of < 2 micrometer2. Characteristic peak-to continuum ratios of elements in the BSA sections remained constant over an order of magnitude change in magnification. Elemental redistributions were not detected until the magnification was such that the analysed area fell totally within the confines of a single ice crystal. No differences in elemental peak-to-continuum values were obtained between 2 and 4 micrometer sections of the gelatin-salt solution. Tissue excision did not cause element translocations when compared to tissues frozen in situ. We conclude that this method is valid for preparing tissues for microanalysis under our conditions (analysis of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and secretory compartments) and is limiting only when analyses are conducted at very high magnifications. PMID- 7000450 TI - Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7000451 TI - Methotrexate therapy of psoriasis. Effect and side effects with particular reference to hepatic changes. A survey. PMID- 7000452 TI - Double-blind comparison of metaproterenol and isoetharine-phenylephrine solutions in intermittent positive pressure breathing in bronchospastic conditions. AB - A 5 percent solution of metaproterenol sulfate (Alupent) and a fixed-combination solution of isoetharine and phenylephrine were compared in a single-dose double blind study in a total of 27 patients with reversible bronchospastic disease. The patients were assigned to parallel groups for treatment and received the usual dose of 0.3 ml of metaproterenol and 0.5 ml of the isoetharine-phenylephrine solution via equipment for intermittent positive-pressure breathing. Tests of pulmonary function, blood pressure, and pulse rate were performed before the treatment and at intervals of 30 minutes to six hours after administration. The duration of effect (defined as an increase over baseline in the forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] of at least 15 percent) of metaproterenol averaged four hours, as compared with one hour for the reference solution. The overall response of FEV1 to metaproterenol was significantly (P = 0.01) superior to the response to the isoetharine-phenylephrine solution. Metaproterenol also surpassed the reference drug in terms of increases in the mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF-25-75%) to a degree approaching statistical significance. Changes in blood pressure and pulse rate were clinically insignificant with both drugs, and the total number of adverse experiences was substantially the same with both solutions. PMID- 7000453 TI - Isolated mediastinal mass in primary amyloidosis. AB - A previously healthy man with lytic bone lesion of the left talus was found to have a large middle mediastinal mass on routine admission chest roentgenogram. A large amyloid tumor of the mediastinum, representing the sole intrathoracic manifestation of primary amyloidosis, was resected. This presentation of intrathoracic amyloidosis has not previously been reported. PMID- 7000454 TI - [Value of the preparation reparil in orthopedic surgery and traumatology]. PMID- 7000455 TI - [Congenital form of Caffrey's syndrome]. PMID- 7000456 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Edmund Bartkowiak]. PMID- 7000458 TI - Angiotensin and CNS regulation of blood pressure. AB - It appears that angiotensin II (AII) has access to the CNS by three routes: endogenous formation within the brain, passage into CSF, or transfer across "gaps" in the blood-brain barrier. The mode of access influences both the characteristics and the magnitude of the cardiovascular effects exerted by AII within the CNS. In the dog the effects of blood-borne AII on the area postrema (AP) in the IV ventricle seem to have the most physiological significance. In recent experiments we have characterized both the histological composition of this structure and its physiological effects. While electrical stimulation of the AP, in similarity to the pressor effects of intravertebral AII, produces a hypertensive response dependent on sympathetic vasomotor outflow, ablation of this structure results in mild hypotension associated with decreased hemodynamic variability and altered vascular responsiveness to intravenous AII and norepinephrine. Recent data suggest that the sympatho-facilitative action of AII on the AP may involve endogenous opiates in the brainstem. PMID- 7000457 TI - Alterations of cardiovascular reflexes in hypertension. PMID- 7000460 TI - Essential hypertension: relationship between renin and blood pressure. AB - Supine (basal) plasma renin activity (PRA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined in 564 essential hypertensives grouped by age and sex. Mean supine PRA showed an age-dependent significant decrease (p < 0.001), whereas an increase in MAP was observed with age (p < 0.001). There were no sex-related differences both in PRA and MAP. In younger hypertensives (15-34 years) of both sexes an inverse correlation was obtained between PRA and MAP, whereas middle-aged men (35-50 years) and male and female hypertensives of older age (> 51 years) showed a positive relationship between these two parameters. No significant correlation was seen between PRA and MAP in middle aged women (35-50 years). The observed findings suggest a negative feed-back mechanism between blood pressure and renin release in younger hypertensives. In older patients this mechanism is disturbed probably through hypertension induced changes in the renovascular system resulting in an inappropriate large release of renin for a given level of blood pressure. This conversion from an inverse to a positive relationship between PRA and MAP occurred earlier in male than in female patients. Finally, our results support the assumption that in essential hypertension changes in renin secretion are rather the sequel than the cause of elevated blood pressure. PMID- 7000459 TI - The baroreceptor reflexes in experimental hypertension. AB - Experimental hypertensions following sino-aortic deafferentation or manoeuvres not involving initially the baroreceptor reflexes are discussed in relation with a simple graphical analysis of these reflexes. Blood pressure increases only slightly as a result of interruption of the sino-aortic afferences, but its variability is markedly enhanced. On the other hand, the final level of arterial pressure in various forms and non-neurogenic hypertension appears independent from the presence of the baroreceptor reflexes ("resetting"). Thus, the baroreceptor reflexes are of primary importance in limiting variations around a given level of arterial pressure, but they do not really set this level since it can be modified easily by other blood pressure control systems. In order to emphasize the role of the baroreflex in the short-term regulation of blood pressure and other haemodynamic variables, its significance in "whole-body autoregulation" and in the cardiovascular effects of vasopressin is discussed. PMID- 7000461 TI - Renal prostaglandins, renin release, and renal hemodynamic function in high renin states. AB - Renal prostaglandins play a role in the control of renin release during chronic sodium depletion, during the acute phase of renovascular hypertension and in experimental low output heart failure in conscious dogs. However, with marked inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the adrenergic nervous system and the renal prostaglandins, PRA was still 17 times normal during chronic sodium depletion. After blockade of the adrenergic nervous system and the renal prostaglandins, PRA was 10 times normal during the acute phase of one-kidney renovascular hypertension. These findings demonstrate that other important mechanisms, possibly both the renal vascular receptor (so-called baroreceptor) and the macula densa, were involved. Both PGI2 and PGD2 given intrarenally increased renin release in both filtering and nonfiltering kidneys, but PGI2 was more potent than PGD2. Available evidence favors a role of PGI2 and it seems likely that the site of action is on the JG cells. Indomethacin produced a profound drop in CCr and CPAH during sodium depletion and in experimental heart failure which demonstrates an important role for the renal prostaglandins in the control of renal arteriolar tone. An important incidental finding is that renal denervation combined with propranolol administration decreased PRA from very high levels to normal in 50% of the dogs with experimental low output heart failure and a concurrent striking natriuresis occurred. PMID- 7000463 TI - Relationships between sodium clearance, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in essential hypertension. AB - Renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and sodium excretion were studied in essential hypertension. PAH clearance (CPAH) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were normal or increased in early hypertension and depressed at later stages, especially in malignant cases. The PAH extraction ratio was depressed only in patients with low CPAH values. CPAH did not correlate inversely with blood pressure in benign hypertension. Later reexamination of untreated patients revealed a decrease in CPAH, but no further increase in blood pressure. Antihypertensive treatment prevented the decrease in CPAH. Patients with essential hypertension showed no abnormality in basal sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity and the sodium:aldosterone relationship. Basal sodium clearance did not correlate with GFR and the fractional sodium excretion was not pressure-dependent. When clearance determinations and measurements of PA and PRA were performed simultaneously under standardized conditions, PA and PRA were correlated inversely with CPAH and GFR. There was no relationship between PA or PRA and the blood pressure. Unless a defective release of renal prostaglandins and/or kinins could be shown to be responsible for the increase in systemic blood pressure, there is no evidence for a primary renal disturbance in essential hypertension. PMID- 7000462 TI - Role of plasma kallikrein in the proteolytic activation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7000464 TI - Effects of captopril in animal models of hypertension. PMID- 7000465 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system in essential hypertension. AB - The kallikrein-kinin system is a potent vasodilator system with components in plasma and in exocrine glands, including the kidney. Kinins function as local hormones and exert effects on blood vessels and on water and electrolyte balance. The most frequently studied component of this system, urinary kallikrein, has been shown to respond to changes in sodium-retaining steroid activity and in renal blood flow. Urinary kallikrein is subnormal in patients with either essential or renovascular hypertension and supranormal in patients with primary aldosteronism or Bartter's Syndrome. The changes in the kallikrein-kinin system appear to be secondary to changes in blood pressure or in other vasoactive systems: i.e., kinins appear to attenuate the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin and stimulate the vasodilator actions of the prostaglandins. The kallikrein-kinin system is altered in hypertension, however, its role in this disease remains unclear. PMID- 7000466 TI - Urinary kallikrein in normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Basal 24 hour urinary kallikrein excretion of 20 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension did not differ significantly from that of 18 normotensive age-matched control subjects. 4 of the 20 hypertensive patients, however, had low kallikrein excretion. Furosemide (40 mg i.v.) caused an increase of urinary kallikrein excretion in the normotensive subjects and in most of the patients with essential hypertension. The stimulating effect of furosemide was less pronounced or even absent in 7 hypertensives. No circadian rhythm of urinary kallikrein excretion was observed. There were weak correlations between 24 hour kallikrein excretion and urinary volume (r=0.59; p < 0.05), and potassium excretion (r=0.51; p < 0.05) in the normotensives. In the hypertensives correlations were found between 24 hour kallikrein excretion and potassium excretion (r=0.51; p < 0.05), aldosterone excretion (r=0.57; p < 0.01), and creatinine clearance (r=0.59; p < 0.01). Our findings do not support the concept that the renal kallikrein-kinin system might play a primary role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 7000467 TI - Determination, source, metabolism, and functional role of renal prostaglandins. AB - A brief review of prostaglandin (PG) bio-chemistry of the kidney is presented. Methods of assessing renal PG synthesis are discussed and pitfalls pointed out. A role of renal PGs in renin release and water metabolism of man is shown. Experiments are described which form the basis for a hypothesis which postulates a role for renal cortical prostacyclin in renin release. PMID- 7000468 TI - Prostaglandins, kinins and the regulation of blood pressure. AB - Prostaglandins participate in the regulation of vascular reactivity and blood pressure by opposing the vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic actions of pressor hormones, and by moderating the release of norepinephrine from vasoconstrictor nerves. Blood vessels synthesize prostaglandins intramurally, where their local release influences vascular reactivity. PGI2, unlike PGE2, may be a circulating hormone and may influence vascular resistance of organs remote from its site of synthesis. Prostaglandins not only attenuate the effects of vasoconstrictor hormones but also amplify the effects of the kallikrein-kinin system intrarenally and within the vasculature. PMID- 7000469 TI - Possible significance of renal prostaglandins in essential hypertension. PMID- 7000471 TI - The remote prognostic significance of the level of blood pressure in pregnancy. AB - The diagnosis of preeclampsia is often erroneous in primigravidas and usually so in multiparas. Gestational hypertension, defined as acute hypertension without proteinuria or abnormal edema, is often misdiagnosed as mild preeclampsia. Several follow-up studies are cited as evidence for the conclusions that (1) eclampsia and "true" preeclampsia seldom if ever cause chronic hypertension in women who otherwise never would have developed it; (2) gestational hypertension often is a sign of latent essential hypertension unmasked by pregnancy, and as such it often portends later chronic hypertension; and (3) normotensive pregnancies indicate a low prevalence of later chronic hypertension, and if it does develop, it usually does so at an age later than the average time of onset. PMID- 7000470 TI - Interrelation between renal prostaglandins and the hormones involved in volume homeostasis by the kidney. AB - In this minireview studies performed in man are mainly summarized and the data obtained interpreted with the help of knowledge gained in previous animal and in vitro experiments. From all those results the picture of a rather tight interplay between renal prostaglandins, renin-angiotensin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) emerges, whereby renal prostaglandins synthesis appears to be partially regulated by angiotensin II and ADH; renal prostaglandins antagonize the biological effects of these peptide hormones, and directly or indirectly affect in their turn the release of renin and ADH. PMID- 7000473 TI - Dissociated renin-aldosterone response to acute sodium depletion in patients with a previous history of pregnancy-associated hypertension. AB - The effect of sodium depletion on body weight, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration has been studied in 10 normotensive subjects with a previous history of pregnancy-associated hypertension. The results demonstrate an appropriate increase in PRA but a suppression of plasma aldosterone response to this form of acute sodium depletion. The significance of this dissociated renin-aldosterone response is discussed. PMID- 7000472 TI - Mesangial IgA nephropathy in pregnancy. AB - The clinical and renal biopsy findings in a group of 12 patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy who had 22 pregnancies are recorded. Seventeen pregnancies were successful. Hypertension was noted in 9 pregnancies and in 12, features of pre eclamptic toxaemia developed. One patient had post-partum eclampsia. Proteinuria tended to increase during pregnancy and one patient developed nephrotic syndrome which resolved after delivery. Glomerular lesions in these women differed from those in non-pregnant patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy. Focal and segmental proliferative and hyalinosis-sclerosis changes were seen far more frequently than is usual in biopsies from patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy, suggesting that focal and segmental lesions develop during pregnancy. PMID- 7000475 TI - Controlled trial of cimetidine in reflux esophagitis. AB - In an eight-week double-blind trial, the effectiveness of cimetidine (1.6 g/day) was compared to placebo in 34 patients with symptomatic esophagitis confirmed by endoscopy with biopsies and/or by acid infusion test. Patients treated with cimetidine had significantly less symptomatic days during the first six weeks and less symptomatic nights during the first two weeks, and they consumed less antacids during the whole trial period. Endoscopic evaluation of 17 patients on cimetidine and of 15 patients on placebo did not show any significant difference in severity and extent of esophageal lesions after eight weeks, but histological assessment of 16 patients on cimetidine and 13 patients on placebo showed a significant improvement after eight weeks of cimetidine (P < 0.025). These results show that cimetidine has a rapid effect on symptoms of reflux esophagitis and that, in some cases, it may reduce the esophageal lesions after eight weeks. PMID- 7000474 TI - Cimetidine vs placebo in duodenal ulcer therapy. Six-week controlled double-blind investigation without any antacid therapy. AB - We studied the healing efficacy of cimetidine or placebo in 23 endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer outpatients in a randomized, controlled, prospective, double-blind trial. There were 11 patients in the cimetidine (1200 mg daily) treatment group and 12 patients in the placebo-treated group. No antacid was allowed, but a placebo antacid with no neutralizing capacity was given as needed for pain. The incidence of complete endoscopic healing at 2, 4, and 6 weeks was 54%, 63%, and 72% in the cimetidine-treated patients and 8%, 50%, and 67% in the placebo-treated patients. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in complete duodenal ulcer healing between both treatment groups after 2 weeks of therapy, but there was no significant difference at the 4- and 6-week observation periods. The incidence of complete pain relief at 2 and 4 weeks was 64% and 82% in the cimetidine-treated patients and 67% and 75% in the placebo treated patients. At 6 weeks of treatment there was no increase in the number of patients with complete pain relief in either group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of ulcer pain relief at any of the three observation periods. Duodenal ulcer healing rates and duodenal ulcer pain relief were compared at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. There was no statistical association between ulcer healing and complete pain relief in the placebo treatment group at the 2-week evaluation period, but there was statistical association (P < 0.05) in the cimetidine treatment group at 2 weeks and both treatment groups at the 4- and 6-week evaluation periods. The results of this study demonstrate that in duodenal ulcer out-patients treated for 6 weeks: (1) cimetidine increases the incidence of duodenal ulcer healing during the first 2 weeks of treatment; (2) more than 50% of duodenal ulcers will spontaneously heal during a 4 to 6-week observation period which is not statistically modified by cimetidine treatment; (3) the complete relief of duodenal ulcer pain is not influenced by treatment with cimetidine when compared to placebo. PMID- 7000477 TI - [Primary structure of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase. Nucleotide sequence of gene rpoB and amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit]. PMID- 7000476 TI - Low-dose chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution: a randomized trial in poor operative risk patients. AB - Thirty-five patients, with minimally symptomatic radiolucent gallstones in well opacifying gallbladders who had an unusually high risk of operative mortality, were randomized, double blind, into three groups: group 1, placebo; group 2,250 mg chenodeoycholic acid (CDC)/day; group 3,375 mg CDC/day. Every six months, oral cholecystograms and duodenal bile were obtained. Serum was collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months, then at 6-month intervals. After 6 months, all placebo patients were assigned to 375 mg CDC/day (group 3b). No changes occurred in group 1 (N = 15). Gallstones dissolution: group 2, 2/10; 1 complete (C), 1 partial (P); group 3, 4/10, 1C, 3P; group 3b, 2/12, 2C. Lowest dose with complete dissolution was 3 mg/k/day (actual body wt). Lithogenic index of bile only improved with 375 mg/day (1.27 +/- 0.13 vs 0.88 +/- 0.05; mean +/- SDM), P < 0.01. No diarrhea or serum biochemical changes occurred; however, three patients died of their other medical illness. Low fixed doses of CDC, although not optimal, dissolved stones without toxicity in very ill patients. PMID- 7000478 TI - [Relationship between formation of double-stranded breaks in the DNA of gamma irradiated bacteria and functional processes of rapid repair of single-stranded DNA breaks]. PMID- 7000480 TI - Pyrazole-insensitive alcohol dehydrogenase activity in human serum. AB - Serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in some individuals contains a fraction that is not inhibited by pyrazole. This might be due to the presence in those sera of pi-ADH, a unique isoenzyme found recently in human liver, and which, according to one hypothesis, could be co-responsible for the development of alcohol dependence. PMID- 7000479 TI - Heroin addiction, renal failure, and methadone maintenance: a follow-up report. AB - In a previous article the authors reported renal transplantation in a male veteran heroin addict being treated with methadone maintenance. They now report the 5-year follow-up of this patient and his subsequent renal transplant rejection. PMID- 7000481 TI - Mammalian carbonyl reductases. PMID- 7000482 TI - [Insulin for prevention of posttraumatic catabolic states?]. PMID- 7000484 TI - [Dosage of urokinase in venous thrombosis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7000483 TI - [Breast carcinoma, biometrically shown]. PMID- 7000485 TI - [Immune surgery]. PMID- 7000486 TI - [Hyperosmolar diabetic coma without ketoacidosis in purulent meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperosmolar diabetic coma without ketoacidosis was observed as a complication of purulent meningitis in 3 patients. Diagnostic difficulties arise due to slow onset of hyperosmolality and misinterpretation of organic cerebral fits and the increasing disturbance of consciousness. Therapy is complicated by the necessity of treatment with anticonvulsants and sodium containing antibiotics which affect sugar and sodium balance. Abrupt lowering of serum osmolality leads to further increase of cerebral oedema. Slow normalisation of blood sugar and sodium values over several days may lead to satisfactory outcome despite unconsciousness of long duration. These complications could be overcome with high doses of insulin and large amounts of hypotonic infusion in two patients, one female succumbed. PMID- 7000487 TI - [Drug-induced disorders of hematopoiesis]. PMID- 7000489 TI - Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone: differential suppression by ovarian steroids. AB - In sheep, physiological levels of estradiol and progesterone each suppress the pulses of LH characteristics of tonic LH secretion, but do so by completely different mechanisms. Estradiol treatment decreases LH pulse amplitude but not frequency and also inhibits the height of the LH peak resulting from the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In contrast, progesterone decreases the frequency of LH pulses without reducing their amplitude or the response to exogenous GnRH. This suggests that progesterone suppresses tonic LH secretion by acting in the brain to decrease the frequency of GnRH pulses, while estradiol may suppress the response of the pituitary to GnRH and thereby decrease LH pulse amplitude. PMID- 7000488 TI - Sulfinpyrazone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. AB - Sulfinpyrazone1 has long been recognised as a potent uricosuric agent, but has more recently been studied extensively as a platelet inhibitor and antithrombotic agent. It is active in man following oral administration and has been reported to be effective in reducing the incidence of transient ischaemic attacks, thromboembolism associated with vascular and cardiac prostheses, recurrent venous thrombosis, arteriovenous shunt thrombosis and sudden cardiac death following myocardial infarcton. Sulfinpyrazone has not been demonstrated to be effective in preventing or reducing the risk of stroke or death in patients with cerebrovascular disease with a recent history of cerebral or retinal ischaemioc attacks. The normal total dose of sulfinpyrazone as an antithrombotic agent is 800mg daily. The drug has been used continuously for up to 4 years with no serious adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities. There has been no apparent diminution of effect with time. Sulfinpyrazone is not a substitute for conventional anticoagulant agents (e.g. the coumarin derivatives) in the treatment of venous thrombosis, but is an important drug for the treatment of conditions associated with arterial thrombosis and possibly for the prophylaxis of recurrent venous thrombosis. PMID- 7000490 TI - The effect of lithium on glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin release and glucose tolerance in the intact rat. AB - The effects of lithium on stimulus-induced insulin release and glucose tolerance were examined in intact, unanesthetized, and unrestrained rats with indwelling intravascular catheters. In the first study, a 150-mg iv glucose pulse was administered at 30 min after rapid iv injection of lithium carbonate (1 meq/kg) or vehicle. After the glucose pulse, mean serum glucose levels throughout the observation period were significantly greater in the lithium-treated rats than in the vehicle-treated (control) rats. Similarly, a mean glucose disappearance rate of 2.8 +/- 0.2%/min in the lithium-treated rats was significantly less (P < 0.02) than the mean glucose disappearance rate of 3.4 +/- 0.2%/min observed in the control rats. In response to glucose pulse, acute insulin release was significantly inhibited in the lithium-treated rats compared with that observed in the control rats. In the second study, a 10-mg tolbutamide pulse was administered 30 min after a rapid iv injection of lithium carbonate or vehicle. Acute insulin release in response to tolbutamide pulse was markedly inhibited in the lithium-treated rats compared with that observed in the control rats. In lithium-treated rats, the decline in serum glucose between 10-45 min after the tolbutamide pulse was significantly less than that observed in the control rats. Therefore, in the intact rat, lithium inhibits glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin release, which, in turn, causes glucose intolerance and prevents tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7000491 TI - Stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in rat thymocytes in vitro by physiological concentrations of triiodothyronine, insulin, or epinephrine. PMID- 7000492 TI - Thyroid-stimulating hormone: isolation and partial characterization of hormone and subunits from a mouse thyrotrope tumor. PMID- 7000494 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin: response to intraduodenal and intravenous glucose infusions in fetal and neonatal pigs. AB - The responses of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin to intraduodenal (OGTT) and iv (IVGI) glucose infusions were measured in 14 late fetal and 9 neonatal pigs. Basal plasma glucose (P < 0.01) and GIP (P < 0.001) concentrations were lower in the fetal than in the neonatal pigs, while basal plasma insulin was not significantly different in the two groups. In the fetal pigs, almost identical plasma glucose curves were obtained during the OGTT and the IVGI, but plasma insulin did not change during either test. In these pigs, plasma GIP increased 3-fold (P < 0.01) during the OGTT, whereas no significant changes in plasma GIP were observed during the IVGI. In the neonatal pigs, plasma glucose increased more during the OGTT than during the IVGI, but plasma insulin exhibited similar increments during both tests. Thus, the insulinogenic index of the IVGI was almost 3 times higher than that of the OGTT (P < 0.05). In contrast to the normal increment in plasma GIP observed in fetal pigs, plasma GIP decreased significantly during both tests in the neonatal pigs. It is concluded that beta-cells of fetal pigs are unresponsive to acute elevations of plasma glucose with or without a concomitant increase in plasma GIP. Conversely, beta cells of neonatal pigs exhibit a significant response to hyperglycemia, but the enteroinsular axis is defective, since more insulin is released after iv than during intraduodenal glucose administration. The defective enteroinsular axis in neonatal pigs might be due to the observed fall in plasma GIP during the OGTT. PMID- 7000495 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the adenylate cyclase activity of lungs from fetal rabbits. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and PGI2 stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in lungs from fetal rabbits (29 days of gestation) with EC50 values of 4.4 and 2.6 X 10( 7) M, respectively. PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-oxoPGF1 alpha are active only at much higher concentrations. The response of adenylate cyclase to PGE1 rises gradually from 16% to 60% above basal between days 21-26 of gestation. Between days 26-27 of gestation, there is a sharp increase in stimulated activity to 120% above basal (P < 0.001). This level is maintained until 3 days after birth. A further increase was observed 8 days after birth. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by fluoride increases gradually from about 100% to nearly 400% above basal activity between 21 days of gestation and 8 days after birth. During this time there are no significant changes in basal activity. The increased response of adenylate cyclase to PGE1 between days 26-27 of gestation occurs at a time when unbound plasma cortisol and synthesis of pulmonary surfactant start to increase in the fetal rabbit. It is possible that cortisol sensitizes adenylate cyclase to prostaglandins, which could explain some of the its actions on surfactant synthesis. PMID- 7000497 TI - Effects of semistarvation on skeletal homeostasis. AB - Rats were semistarved over a 7-week period, resulting in a loss of 28.2 +/- 1.6% (SEM) of their initial body weights, while ad libitum fed controls gained 15.1 +/ 1.8% (SEM). Bone loss occurred and skeletal turnover was markedly reduced in the semistarved rats, as evidenced by a paucity of osteoid and osteoclasts, failure of the bone to assume a tetracycline label, and reduced urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Despite these changes, there were no alterations of serum or bone alkaline phosphatase activity with semistarvation, and analysis of tibial mineral content revealed reductions only in magnesium and sodium. The malnourished animals, however, were hypercalciuric and hypophosphatemic. Semistarvation had no effect on circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone or 25 hydroxyvitamin D, but did result in reduced serum levels of corticosterone, insulin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Therefore, it appears that the effects of semistarvation on the rat skeleton are osteoporotic rather than osteomalacic, and that the defect is the consequence of reduced bone turnover. The contribution which the abnormalities of bone-regulating hormones play in the genesis of this skeletal lesion remains to be determined. PMID- 7000496 TI - Golden hamster pancreatic islets: a tissue rich in monoamine oxidase. AB - We compared the steady state monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity of collagenase isolated pancreatic islets of the golden hamster with the steady state MAO activity of liver, kidney, median eminence, pituitary, acinar pancreas, and cerebral cortex. The MAO activity of the islets (5384 +/- 412 pmol/mg protein . min) was 3-fold greater than the activity of the next highest tissue (liver) and 12.5 times greater than the activity of the acinar pancreas. This high MAO activity was not due to collagenase exposure. The islet MAO was mainly of the so called type B, although there was also some type A activity in this tissue. By assaying the formation of new islet MAO after the irreversible activation of MAO by the MAO inhibitor pargyline, we found that the t 1/2 of islet MAO (5.9 days with 95% confidence limits of 4.1-10.5 days) did not differ from the t 1/2 of MAO in tissues with lower steady state MAO activities. This suggested that the high steady state MAO activity in golden hamster islets is due to a high rate of synthesis rather than to a lower rate of degradation. Although rats, Chinese hamsters, guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits had substantial MAO activity in their pancreatic islets, their levels, at most, were only 16% that of the golden hamster. When the MAO activity of golden hamster islets was inhibited by the administration of pargyline plus clorgyline, there was a 3-fold increase in islet serotonin concentration, with no increase in islet norepinephrine concentration, suggesting that islet MAO activity plays a role in regulating islet serotonin concentration. PMID- 7000498 TI - Insulin receptor function and insulin effects on glucose metabolism in adipocytes from ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned rats. AB - To investigate the mechanism of the development of insulin resistance in hypothalamic obesity, we studied insulin binding, glucose transport, and glucose oxidation in adipocytes from ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats 1 and 2 weeks after injury. One week after injury, insulin binding and insulin stimulated glucose oxidation were increased, but insulin-stimulated glucose transport was similar to control. Two weeks after injury, insulin binding and insulin-stimulated glucose transport were similar to control, but insulin stimulated glucose oxidation was decreased. Thus, cellular insulin responsiveness was increased in adipocytes from VMH-lesioned rats 1 week after injury; this increase in insulin responsiveness was due mainly to the increased intracellular glucose metabolism. On the other hand, cellular insulin resistance existed in adipocytes from VMH-lesioned rats 2 weeks after injury; this insulin resistance was also due mainly to a defect in intracellular glucose metabolism. PMID- 7000499 TI - Cells cultured from the diabetic (DB/DB) mouse have a permanent decrease in insulin receptors. AB - Investigation of mechanisms responsible for the decreased numbers of insulin receptors observed in obesity and diabetes has been facilitated by the development of cell culture systems permitting study of cellular events independent of fluctuating hormone levels and multiple endocrine interactions present in the whole organism. With such a system, we have found that cells cultured from the skin of diabetic mice have 45-48% fewer receptors for insulin than those from nondiabetic littermates. This difference is maintained in culture over many generations, suggesting that the decreased expression of insulin receptors in these cells is related to the genetic trait for diabetes. PMID- 7000493 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in pituitary stalk blood from proestrous rats: effects of anesthetics and relationship between stored and released GnRH and luteinizing hormone. PMID- 7000500 TI - A new hormone-response hydrolase activity in the mouse uterus. AB - A new hydrolase activity has been identified by its capability of cleaving t-boc Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-AMC, the released 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) being quantified fluorometrically. The activity in the 28,000 X g supernatant fraction of homogenates of weanling mouse uterus was about one fifth that of the adult mouse. The administration of estradiol to the weanling mouse caused a prompt increase in uterine hydrolase, the response being biphasic with peaks at 2 and 6 h. Stimulation was dose responsive and effectively blocked by cycloheximide and puromycin. Estrogen stimulation of hydrolase activity was also observed in the kidney (one fourth that of in the uterus), but not in the heart or liver. Progesterone and testosterone were poor stimulators, but estriol was as effective as estradiol. According to its elution profile in gel filtration, a molecular weight for the hydrolase of about 60,000 is suggested. Inhibition studies in vitro with crude enzyme preparations indicate a serine protease with a SH group essential for maximal activity. The natural substrate for the hydrolase has not been elucidated. It does not solubilize [3H]elastin, and the properties seem to eliminate plasminogen or latent collagenase as possible substrates. PMID- 7000501 TI - In vivo release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone estimated with push-pull cannulae from the mediobasal hypothalami of ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats. PMID- 7000503 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the pregnant rat uterus. AB - Light microscopic immunocytochemical observations of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) localization in the pregnant rat uterus were made with a specific antibody to soluble rat liver COMT and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The changes in cellular localization of COMT were followed from the onset of pregnancy to 12 h after delivery of the last fetus. COMT first appeared on day 5 of pregnancy in endometrial epithelial cells of the uterus. On day 7, COMT appeared in the decidual cells on the antimesometrial side of the uterus close to the implanting blastocyst. Two morphologically distinct, COMT-positive, decidual cells were observed: polygonal cells and stellate cells. After parturition, COMT-positive decidual cells remained in the decidua basalis. The possible physiological roles of COMT in the pregnant uterus are discussed. PMID- 7000502 TI - Investigation of the effect of insulin upon regional brain glucose metabolism in the rat in vivo. AB - The hypothesis that insulin might promote increased glucose metabolism in putative glucoreceptor areas of the brain was investigated in the rat. Using tritiated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), unanesthetized fasted rats were injected with 0.1 U insulin and studied 30 min later. The local uptake of 2-DG into discrete brain areas was examined in serial frozen 400-micrometer sections. Areas 1.1 mm in diameter were punched from the region of the ventral medial, ventral lateral, and dorsal hypothalamus and from a control area from the cerebral cortex. The punched tissue segments were analyzed for total radioactivity and protein content. The results showed that insulin failed to influence the pattern of 2-DG uptake into these discrete brain regions. When the data were analyzed with a simple kinetic model to determine the net fractional rate of uptake of 2-DG by the tissues, brain tissues displayed a 75% rate increase compared to saline treated controls. Heart muscle collected from the same rats showed a 700% increase after insulin, while lung, an insulin insensitive tissue, displayed a 30% increase. Because the nonsteady state conditions of the model dictate a number of assumptions, the modest increase in the calculated rate of uptake in brain tissue must be verified by a steady state model before it can be accepted as representing a real effect of insulin upon the overall metabolism of glucose in the brain. Regardless of these reservations, it may be concluded from the pattern of response, that insulin does not selectively increase glucose uptake or metabolism in the putative glucoreceptor areas of the hypothalamus under the conditions of these experiments. PMID- 7000504 TI - Effects of increases in plasma vasopressin concentration on plasma renin activity, blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma corticosteroid concentration in conscious dogs. AB - It is known that vasopressin decreases PRA and heart rate and increases blood pressure and plasma corticosteroid concentration. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of vasopressin required to produce these effects. Arginine vasopressin was administered iv to five normal conscious dogs as priming injections of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 ng/kg, followed by infusions of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/kg x min, respectively, for 30 min. These doses produced increases in the plasma vasopressin concentration (+/- SE) of 1.0 +/- 0.8, 2.1 +/- 4.3, 4.3 +/- 1.8, 11.4 +/- 1.0, 19.7 +/- 6.4, and 30.8 +/- 7.8 pg/ml, respectively, from a basal level of 2.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml. An increase in the plasma vasopressin concentration of 2.1 +/- 0.3 pg/ml suppressed PRA by 19 +/- 5% (P < 0.02); increases of 4.2 +/- 1.8 pg/ml or more suppressed PRA by 34 +/- 12% (P < 0.005). Only the highest dose of vasopressin produced a significant pressor effect (9 +/- 3 mm Hg; P < 0.05) or lowered the heart rate (18 +/- 4 beats/min; P < 0.005). An increase in plasma vasopressin concentration of 19.7 +/- 6.4 pg/ml was required to increase the plasma corticosteroid concentration (1.2 +/- 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.4 microgram/dl; P < 0.01); the largest dose of vasopressin increased the plasma corticosteroid concentration from 1.5 +/ 0.1 to 2.4 +/- 0.6 microgram/dl (P < 0.02). Twenty-four-hour water deprivation in the same dogs increased the plasma vasopressin concentration from 2.5 +/- 0.2 to 7.4 +/- 0.6 pg/ml (P < 0.01). Nonhypotensive hemorrhage in another group of dogs increased the plasma vasopressin concentration from 2.5 +/- 0.2 to 47.4 +/- 16.8 pg/ml (P < 0.05). These data indicate that elevations in the plasma vasopressin concentration within the range observed during 24 h of water deprivation and nonhypotensive hemorrhage produced significant decreases in renin secretion and heart rate and elevations in blood pressure and corticosteroid secretion. PMID- 7000505 TI - The endocytotic-internalization pathway of insulin metabolism: relationship to insulin degradation and activation of glucose transport. PMID- 7000506 TI - Rat vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AB - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia upon plasma arginine vasopressin measured by a specific and sensitive RIA has been studied in unanesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hypoglycemia caused a 5-fold rise in plasma arginine vasopressin to a maximum of 28.0 +/- 9.1 pg/ml (mean +/- SD). This response was associated with a 2% fall in plasma osmolality, a rise in plasma sodium of less than 1%, a 10% fall in estimated blood volume, and no significant change in mean arterial blood pressure. PRA was increased 5-fold by hypoglycemia. However, beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol completely prevented the renin response without altering the rise in vasopressin. In contrast, water loading abolished and hypertonic saline loading enhanced the effect of hypoglycemia on plasma vasopressin. We conclude that insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulates vasopressin secretion by some as yet unrecognized primary mechanism whose responsiveness can be altered by changes in osmolality. PMID- 7000508 TI - Transient hypoglycemia following 25-hydroxycholecalciferol administraton to mice. AB - A transient hypoglycemia was found 4 hrs after injection of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) in mice. This was not associated with any significant alteration in the serum insulin concentration, suggesting that the hypoglycemic response is due to extrapancreatic factors. Pretreatment with 25-HCC did not affect the development of alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7000510 TI - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during treatment of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7000509 TI - Insulin receptors in human monocytes. PMID- 7000512 TI - Endoscopic electrocoagulation--an alternative to operative hemostasis in active gastroduodenal bleeding? AB - Endoscopic electrocoagulation was considered in 69 patients with active gastroduodenal bleeding including 60 patients with peptid ulcer. Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 56 patients (81%), including 16 patients with clinical indication for surgical intervention. Electrocoagulation failed or could not be applied in 13 patients, requiring operative hemostasis in 11 patients. Though no replacing emergency, endoscopic electrocoagulation can be successful, especially if it is applied in quiescent phase of massive, life-threatening hemorrhage, and should be considered before a possible emergency operation, especially in patients with no previous ulcer disease, in the presence of some other severe illness, or in patients of advanced age. PMID- 7000511 TI - The healing process of experimentally produced bleeding lesions after hemostatic electrocoagulation with simultaneous instillation of water. AB - Fifty experimentally induced, standardized gastric bleeding lesions were successfully arrested in the dog using electrocoagulation with simultaneous instillation of water (EHT-coagulation). The contact pressure of the coagulating electrode was kept almost constant by means of a spring mechanism. The coagulated lesions healed without secondary enlargement of the coagulation effect and without complication. No secondary perforations were observed. Even when coagulation was carried out at an output power about 30% higher than the mimimum power necessary for reliable hemostatic coagulation, no complications were observed. Only with additional post bleeding arrest coagulation in excess of 10 seconds at this higher output, were two primary performations produced in 2 out of 12 cases. The non-perforated remaining 10 lesions healed without complication. With additional coagulation (at power output setting 6 for 20 seconds - 8 cases; at power setting 7 for 10 seconds - 6 cases), no perforations were observed and healing was without complications. Thus, in animal experiments, the therapeutic range for the arrest of bleeding using the electro-hydro-thermo-electrode is adequately large. The technique should be tested in clinical trials. PMID- 7000507 TI - The effect of diet on the metabolic state during the development of a diabetic syndrome followed up in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus). AB - In a group of 7 male colony-bred sand rats fed with rat pellet chow ad libitum a mellitus syndrome was developed. When a hyperglycemia was registered the diet was switched to green cabbage ad libitum and again to rat pellet chow after seven weeks of green cabbage treatment. An elevated caloric intake together with a rapid increase of body weight was registered only during the first 5--7 weeks after weaning. The influence of diet treatment on glucose tolerance, insulin immunoreactivity in plasma and glycerol in serum was tested by an intraperitoneal glucose loading. As a reference this test was carried out in the same way in a group of 6 mature sand rats of our colony breeding treated exclusively with green cabbage. Hyperinsulinemia with disturbed glucose tolerance was demonstrated as a transient symptom during the development of the diabetic syndrome. Hyperglycemia was accompanied by a highly disturbed glucose tolerance and a relatively diminished insulin immunoreactivity. In this state the content of glycerol in serum was elevated in the range of one order. Green cabbage treatment lowered the insulin immunoreactivity in plasma to values which were found in sand rats after they had been captured. Moreover, it repaired the glucose tolerance to that in sand rats treated exclusively with green cabbage and lowered the lipolytic activity. It made fit the sand rats to redevelop a hyperinsulinemia in the state of disturbed glucose tolerance during refeeding of rat pellet chow. The interaction of insulin and catabolic hormones in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipolytic activity during the development of a diabetic syndrome and the influence of dietary factors are discussed. PMID- 7000514 TI - Use of negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the trace analysis of metals. AB - The synthesis of various volatile and thermally stable derivatives of metals ions has permitted the use of conventional mass spectrometry for trace metal analysis. This paper reviews the development of the field using electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This latter methodology produces simple mass spectra that enable complex mixtures to be analyzed. In addition the use of negative ion detection has produced selective ionization since many metal chelates contain heteroatoms which are electronegative. A discussion of the use of this general methodology for trace metal analysis is included, together with its applications to the analysis of ruthenium in automobile exhaust emissions and iron in red blood cells from laboratory rats. The future use of this methodology is expected to be for the monitoring of stable metal isotopes. This procedure could be used to follow these tracers in clinical and environmental studies and it is expected that their use will replace radioactive isotopes in most studies. PMID- 7000515 TI - Increased pulmonary susceptibility to streptococcal infection following inhalation of manganese oxide. PMID- 7000513 TI - Carcinogenicity and toxicity of methoxychlor. AB - Methoxychlor is carcinogenic for the liver of C3H and BALB/c mice and Osborne Mendel rats, and possibly for the liver of dogs. Methoxychlor is also carcinogenic for the testis of BALB/c male mice, bone of B6C3F1 female mice, and the ovary of Osborne-Mendel female rats. The incidences of carcinomas of the liver were increased in C3H male mice and BALB/c male and female mice fed methoxychlor. There also was an increase in malignant neoplasms at all sites in BALB/c male and female mice. C3H and BALB/c male mice were more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of methoxychlor than were female mice. BALB/c mice were more susceptible than C3H mice. Osborne-Mendel male and female rats developed significant incidences of carcinomas of the liver. The incidence of sarcomas of the spleen and abdomen, mostly hemangiosarcomas, was increased in male rats. Neoplasms of the pituitary, adrenals, and mammary gland were also increased in methoxychlor-treated female rats. Miniature swine given methoxychlor developed chronic renal disease in relatively short periods of time. There also was hyperplasia of the mammary gland and uterus, suggesting an estrogen-like effect on those organs. Methoxychlor applied to the skin of rabbits caused a dose related atrophy of the testes, as well as chronic renal disease. Atrophy of the testes and chronic renal disease could not be evaluated in mice and rats because of insufficient data. PMID- 7000516 TI - Effects of inhaled endotoxin-containing bacteria. PMID- 7000517 TI - Effects of advancing age on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis of the female white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). AB - Peromyscus leucopus, with an average lifespan of 48 months, showed unchanged levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, and pituitary LH and prolactin, between the ages of 12 and 48 months. Hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH), norepinephrine and dopamine also remained unchanged with advancing age. Ovarian and uterine weight decreased with age, although the changes in uterine weight were not statistically significant. These data indicate that the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis remains intact with increasing age, accounting for the maintenance of fertility in these animals. The lack of significant changes in these parameters is in very marked contrast to those in the aging laboratory mouse and rat, which show derangements in their reproductive systems midway through their lifespans. PMID- 7000518 TI - Effect of defibrination with batroxobin on growth and metastasis of JW sarcoma in mice. PMID- 7000519 TI - Kinetics of intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by human granulocytes. PMID- 7000520 TI - Murine embryonic blood between day 10 and 13 of gestation as a source of immature precursor B cells. AB - Pre-B cells which show a delayed development of responsiveness to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are found in murine embryonic blood between day 10 and 14 of gestation. The highest frequency of pre-B cells in embryonic blood is found at day 12 of gestation. All pre-B cells of embryonic blood, isolated at different days of gestation, develop responsiveness in vitro to LPS at the same time, i.e. around day 14 of gestation, yielding a peak of LPS-induced IgM plaque forming cells at the equivalent of day 19 of gestation. Dextran sulfate supports the development of pre-B cells into LPS-reactive B cells; by itself, however, it does not stimulate these B cells into IgM plaque-forming cells. The wave of pre-B cells in embryonic blood occurs parallel in time to that found previously in placenta. Fetal liver and yolk sac, at this time of embryonic development, do not contain significant numbers of pre-B cells, although they are connected with the placenta and in contact with embryonic blood by circulation. PMID- 7000521 TI - Characterization of mouse thoracic duct B lymphocytes. I. Evidence of functional heterogeneity. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from C3H/Tif and BALB/c mice were studied for their in vitro reactivity to the B cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoprotein (LP). Roughly 4% and 10% of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig)-positive cells in these populations could be stimulated by LPS and LP, respectively, to generate clones of IgM-secreting cells. Among LPS-reactive B cells, roughly 30% developed into clones which also produced IgG3 or IgG2, while only a very small fraction (1-2%) of all precursors could give rise to clones secreting IgG1 and IgA. Freshly collected TDL from some batches of C3H/HeJ mice displayed a high proportion of Ig-containing B cell blasts (5-10%), which did not secrete enough Ig to be detected as plaque-forming cells (PFC). These cells, however, under appropriate culture conditions and stimulated by LP (but not by Nocardia mitogen), differentiated to PFC of the various Ig classes without dividing. PMID- 7000522 TI - Immunoelectronmicroscopical investigations on the adsorptive endocytosis of low density lipoproteins by human fibroblasts. PMID- 7000525 TI - Rapid purification of intact tonofilaments from newborn rats. Comparison with glial filaments and neurofilaments. PMID- 7000523 TI - Early mouse embryonic cell surface antigens that are detectable by antisera to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). PMID- 7000524 TI - A reverse hemolytic plaque assay for the detection of prostaglandin production by individual cells in vitro. PMID- 7000526 TI - Mutually exclusive expression of fibronectin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured brain cells. PMID- 7000529 TI - Corneal endothelial pumping in the presence of insulin and GABA. PMID- 7000528 TI - Proteinase activity in macrophage cultures. Effects of heparin and antithrombin. PMID- 7000530 TI - Isolation of pure retinal vascular explants from human cadaver eyes. PMID- 7000527 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic studies of intermediate filaments in cultured cells. PMID- 7000532 TI - Genetic epidemiology: four strategies. AB - Human genetics has long been preoccupied with the study of simple, single locus traits and, indeed, it is still asserted that "the primary goal of human genetic analysis should be the detection and estimation of single gene effects" (102). But there is increased recognition that the greater portion of the human burden of disease and disability stems not from such conditions but rather those in which the appearance of the disorder is only the last stage in a lifelong train of prodromal states. There is almost universal agreement that our living conditions and behavior are major contributory factors to their occurrence. It is equally true that there are inherent differences among us which also contribute. The assessment of the roles of these contributors, intrinsic and extrinsic, and the development of environmental manipulations which cure or prevent disease and disability of this nature have become the new frontiers of genetics and human medicine. We have described briefly four investigative, genetic strategies, two essentially concerned with analysis and two with sampling, which can contribute to the conquest of these frontiers. We have attempted to place these strategies in an epidemiologic context. PMID- 7000531 TI - Inactivation of the bovine lens trypsin inhibitor by ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 7000533 TI - A review of stroke epidemiology. PMID- 7000534 TI - Rubella vaccination in the United States: a ten-year review. PMID- 7000535 TI - An epidemiologic perspective of environmental carcinogenesis. PMID- 7000536 TI - Epidemiology of laryngeal cancer. PMID- 7000537 TI - Registry evaluation methods: a review and case study. PMID- 7000538 TI - The epidemiology of insulin dependent diabetes with particular reference to the relationship of virus infection to its etiology. PMID- 7000539 TI - The epidemiology of fox rabies in Europe. PMID- 7000540 TI - Evolution of epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7000541 TI - The effect of ablation of frontal eye-fields and superior colliculi on visual stability and movement discrimination in rhesus monkeys. AB - The neurological basis of the maintenance of a stable visual scene by means of a corollary discharge mechanism was investigated. Monkeys were trained to detect and respond to sudden rapid movement of a small spot of light in an otherwise totally dark environment. There was no evidence that after removal of the frontal eye-fields, superior colliculi, or caudal superior temporal sulcus the animals confused real movement of the target with retinal image movement caused by changing the position of head and eyes. The result was confirmed by an examination of the ipsiversive turning that follows unilateral frontal eye-field or collicular ablation. If the turning is a compensation for apparent movement of the visual world when the eyes are moved it should not be present in total darkness. It was still present. The thresholds for the smallest detectable instantaneous displacement of the target were also measured. The threshold was impaired by bilateral superior colliculus lesions but not by removal of the frontal eye-fields or cortex of the caudal part of the superior temporal sulcus. PMID- 7000542 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi: avidity and adsorbability of ablastin, the rat antibody inhibiting parasite reproduction. PMID- 7000543 TI - On the role of the calcium transport cycle in heart and other mammalian mitochondria. PMID- 7000544 TI - Alteration in the redox balance of yeast leads to allyl alcohol resistance. PMID- 7000546 TI - Amino acid:tRNA ligases (EC 6.1.1..-). PMID- 7000545 TI - Specificity of hexokinases towards some uncommon substrates and inhibitors. PMID- 7000547 TI - Phenylboric acids--a new group of peptidyl transferase inhibitors. PMID- 7000550 TI - [History of rabies control in Russia]. PMID- 7000548 TI - [Feldshers and nurses as athletes]. PMID- 7000549 TI - [P. F. Lesgaft, outstanding Russian scientist and public figure]. PMID- 7000551 TI - [Normal and pathological trigeminal reflexes]. PMID- 7000552 TI - [Homeostasis of the cellular and humoral components of the immunological system in kidney allograft]. PMID- 7000553 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors on absorption from the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7000554 TI - Ultrastructure of the spermatophores in Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga) (Collembola). PMID- 7000555 TI - Cooperating in the health care system. PMID- 7000556 TI - Literature review: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 7000559 TI - The free autogenous gingival graft. AB - The free autogenous gingival graft is an excellent surgical procedure for treating gingival extension. It is a procedure that can be performed rapidly with little postoperative trauma to the patient. Its greatest feature is the high degree of predictability of success in producing a specific dimension of masticatory mucosa. However, we have a moral and ethical obligation to our patients to be more selective in its use in treating gingival recession. Too many patients have been subjected to unnecessary surgery, especially in cases in which the recession has been of long duration and is stable. In the maintenance of such cases, surgical intervention should be elective to solve problems of maintenance of the dentoginginval junction as they arise. As a result of the innovations from the 1970s, the gingival graft procedure appears to be extremely versatile. It will probably undergo further innovative developments in the future as a procedure to be extremely helpful to the restorative dentist. We have already seen its use in new attachment procedures, for improving the edentulous ridge for denture prosthesis, and in other restorative procedures. PMID- 7000557 TI - Methods of measuring and recording periodontal disease. PMID- 7000558 TI - Cementum. Recent concepts related to periodontal disease therapy. PMID- 7000560 TI - Alveolar bone induction: autografts and allografts. PMID- 7000561 TI - Longitudinal evaluation of periodontal surgery. PMID- 7000562 TI - Periodontal suture materials and surgical dressings. PMID- 7000563 TI - Immediate temporary bridge using an extracted tooth. PMID- 7000564 TI - Restorations for bottle-mouth syndrome and fractured anterior teeth. PMID- 7000565 TI - Topical fluoride solutions--current status. PMID- 7000567 TI - A resilient denture tooth. PMID- 7000566 TI - A precise method of preparing posts and cores--an evaluation of the BTM depth gauge. PMID- 7000569 TI - Preparation and direct wax-up for a gold post on an endodontically treated tooth. PMID- 7000570 TI - Problems with restorative castings. PMID- 7000571 TI - The 'e-dentTM' technique: a more stable denture. PMID- 7000573 TI - Focus on attachments. PMID- 7000568 TI - Swallowing technique to establish a vertical dimension for removable orthodontic appliances. PMID- 7000572 TI - Intermediate resin in acid-etch dentistry: a review. PMID- 7000574 TI - A gentle probe into dentistry 1770-1970. PMID- 7000575 TI - Enzymatic DNA methylation in higher eukaryotes. PMID- 7000577 TI - The origin of skeletal structures during intercalary regeneration of larval Ambystoma limbs. PMID- 7000576 TI - Differential inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerases by sodium deoxycholate. PMID- 7000578 TI - Intercalary regeneration of symmetrical thighs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. PMID- 7000580 TI - Antibody to a sperm surface glycoprotein inhibits the egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm. PMID- 7000579 TI - Selective partitioning of plasma membrane antigens during mouse spermatogenesis. PMID- 7000581 TI - Subclass of astroglia in mouse cerebellum recognized by monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7000583 TI - In vitro effects of thyroxine and insulin on myoblasts from chick embryo skeletal muscle. PMID- 7000582 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the maturation-promoting factor from eggs of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7000584 TI - Cultured hepatoma cells as a model system for studying insulin processing and biologic responsiveness. AB - Monolayer cultures of minimal deviation hepatoma cells (H4-II-E-C3') bound and degraded insulin specifically, the apparent Ki value for insulin inhibition of both processes being 1 x 10(-8) M, indicating that cell-bound 125I-insulin is the substrate for subsequent hormone degradation in these cells as in isolated hepatocytes.1 The time course of insulin binding to its receptor depended on hormone concentration and temperature. Degradation of insulin also depended highly on temperature, with little or no degradation occurring at less than 20 degrees C, a temperature below which a membrane-lipid phase transition may block homone translocation or uptake. The effects of various agents on the binding and degradation of 125I-insulin also were tested. Agents believed to inhibit intralysosomal degradation of various proteins also inhibited the degradation of 125I-insulin by H4 cells (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, procaine, and lidocaine); inhibitors of energy production (dinitrophenol, sodium cyanide) inhibited degradation; an agent which inhibits microtubule function (vinblastine) blocked insulin degradation; and methylamine, reported to prevent receptor aggregation,2 also interfered with insulin processing. These findings are consistent with a model for cellular insulin processing, comprising receptor binding, clustering of receptors, endocytotic uptake, intralysosomal degradation, and extracellular release of some degradation products. H4 cells were highly sensitive to insulin. The KE for a half-maximal response of hormone-stimulated incorporationof 14C-glucose into glycogen was 10(-11) M insulin, corresponding to less than 1% receptor occupancy. This response was also mimicked by concanavalin A at a concentration of 10 microgram/ml. Vinblastine and chloroquine both significantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen without affecting basal levels. However, since these inhibitory effects were not relieved by addition of excess insulin, it seems unlikely that their action on glycogen synthesis was exerted only at the level of the generation of an active intermediate or degradation product from hormone-receptor complexes. The hormone sensitive H4 cells thus provide a useful system for further studies examining the role of insulin-receptor uptake in hormone action, receptor regulation, and signal termination. PMID- 7000585 TI - Epinephrine-induced hypoaminoacidemia in normal and diabetic human subjects: effect of beta blockade. AB - To evaluate the effect of epinephrine on the circulating amino acids, we infused epinephrine into normal human subjects and juvenile-onset diabetic patients given a constant basal infusion of insulin. Epinephrine infusion produced an identical 350--400 pg/ml rise in plasma epinephrine in both groups. In normal subjects, epinephrine caused a progressive 26% reduction in total circulating amino acids, despite unchanged levels of plasma insulin. This effect was most pronounced for the branched amino acids, which fell by 40% (P < 0.001). Plasma alanine was the only amino acid which failed to decline. Similarly, infusion of epinephrine in the insulin-infused diabetics produced a 23% fall in total amino acids, a 37% decline in branched chain amino acids, but no change in plasma alanine. Saline infusion in the insulin-infused diabetics had no effect on plasma amino acid concentrations. In addition, when epinephrine was infused into two insulin withdrawn diabetics, a comparable hypoaminoacidemic response was observed. The infusion of propranolol in both normal and diabetic subjects totally prevented the epinephrine-induced fall in plasma amino acids. It is concluded that (1) increments in epinephrine similar to those observed in stress cause a decline in circulating amino acids (except alanine) which is greatest for the branched chain amino acids; (2) this hypoaminoacidemic effect occurs in the absence of a rise in plasma insulin and diabetic subjects, as well; and (3) epinephrine-induced changes in amino acid regulation are prevented by beta-adrenergic blockade. Our findings suggest that, in contrast with glucose and fat metabolism, epinephrine and insulin may have similar, rather than antagonistic, effects on plasma amino acid metabolism. PMID- 7000586 TI - A different action of hypothermia on insulin release from the isolated, perfused rat pancreas, depending on the stimulating agent. AB - Two series of experiments were performed in parallel on the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The experimental conditions differed only as pertaining to temperature. In one series the organ and the perfusion liquid were maintained at 37.5 degrees C and in the other at 28 degrees C. The pancreases were perfused from the start of the experiments with a perfusion medium containing 8.3 mmol/l glucose. The effects of various stimulatory agents were studied (glucose 16.6 mmol/l, tolbutamide 0.4 mmol/l, acetylcholine 0.5 micromole/l, glucagon, 2.8 nmol/l, and L-isoprenaline 0.05 micromole/l). At 37.5 degrees C the insulin secretion induced by high glucose or tolbutamide, acetylcholine, and glucagon was biphasic and not statistically different. In all cases the hypothermia (28 degrees C) decreased insulin secretion. However, glucose-induced and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion was more decreased than the secretion induced by acetylcholine and glucagon. The study of the secretion ratios obtained at 28 degrees C relative to 37.5 degrees C showed that the ratios for the glucose and tolbutamide groups were significantly lower than those obtained for acetylcholine and glucagon groups for both the first and the second phase. The ratios were not significantly different between glucose and tolbutamide on the one hand and acetylcholine and glucagon on the other hand. In all groups the ratios 28 degrees/37.5 degrees for the second phase were lower than those obtained during the first phase. L-isoprenaline induced only a weak increase in insulin secretion and this was not long lasting; this increase was not statistically different at both temperatures. PMID- 7000587 TI - Resistance to insulin but not to glucagon in lean human hypertriglyceridemics. AB - Glucose kinetics were studied in a group of nonobese humans with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia before, during, and after an infusion of graded increments of glucagon. The tracer methods employed permitted glucose turnover to be quantitated under non-steady state conditions. The rates of glucose production, disappearance, and fractional disappearance were related to the range of glucagon and insulin levels in each individual. The findings in hypertriglyceridemics were compared with those in lean normals of the same relative body weight and the same extracellular fluid volume per kg, as reflected by their apparent glucose space. Glucose production and serum insulin were each positively correlated to plasma glucagon concentrations in both hypertriglyceridemics and normals. Thus, with respect to these parameters, the hypertriglyceridemics were not resistant to glucagon. During the glucagon infusion, the glucose concentration rose more in the hypertriglyceridemics than in ther normals because of a reduced total rate of glucose disappearance in the hypertriglyceridemics. In the normals the fractional disappearance rate of glucose was positively related to serum levels of insulin, whereas in the hypertriglyceridemics it was lower than normal and did not change in relation to insulin concentration. This demonstrated that, at least with respect to glucose utilization, lean hypertriglyceridemics can be resistant to insulin even in the absence of obesity. PMID- 7000589 TI - Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. AB - Twenty-four volunteers, mean age 78, including eight mildly non-insulin-dependent diabetics, were randomly allocated to one of two groups and were fed (daily for 8 wk) 9 g of either chromium-rich brewers' yeast (experimental) or chromium-poor torula yeast (control). Before and after yeast supplementation, the serum glucose and insulin response to 100 g oral glucose was measured at 30 min intervals for 2 h. Fasting serum cholesterol, total lipids, and triglycerides were also determined. In the total experimental group (normals + diabetics) and in both the diabetic and nondiabetic experimental subgroups, glucose tolerance improved significantly and insulin output decreased after supplementation. Cholesterol and total lipids fell significantly after supplementation in the total experimental group. The cholesterol decrease was particularly marked in hypercholesterolemic subjects (cholesterol > 300 mg/dl). In the control group, no significant change in glucose tolerance, insulin, triglycerides, or total lipids was found. Cholesterol was significantly lowered in the nondiabetic but not in the diabetic group. Thus, chromium-rich brewers' yeast improved glucose tolerance and total lipids in elderly subjects, while chromium-poor torula yeast did not. An improvement in insulin sensitivity also occurred with brewers' yeast supplementation. This supports the thesis that elderly people may have a low level of chromium and that an effective source for chromium repletion, such as brewers' yeast, may improve their carbohydrate tolerance and total lipids. The improvement in serum cholesterol in some control subjects, as well as in the total experimental group, also suggests the presence of a hypocholesterolemic factor other than chromium in both brewers' and torula yeast. PMID- 7000588 TI - Use of a high voltage technique to determine the molecular requirements for exocytosis in islet cells. PMID- 7000590 TI - Pathogenesis of macrovascular disease in the human diabetic. PMID- 7000591 TI - Hypothesis: single and chain release of insulin secretory granules is related to anionic transport at exocytotic sites. PMID- 7000593 TI - Increased prostacyclin release from perfused hearts of acutely diabetic rats. AB - The release of prostacyclin and PGE2 from the isolated perfused hearts of acutely diabetic (streptozotocin 100 mg/kg) rats was studied and compared with hearts from control animals. Prostacyclin and PGE2 were measured by a differential bioassay technique. No basal release of either prostaglandin ws detected. However, after addition of arachidonic acid, a dose dependent release of prostacyclin and PGE2 was noted. Prostacyclin was identified as the major prostaglandin. Release of prostacyclin and PGE2 from acutely diabetic rat hearts was increased 2-3 times compared to control hearts. No release of prostaglandin endoperoxides was observed in either group of hearts. PMID- 7000594 TI - Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy in streptozotocin diabetic rats by insulin treatment. Albumin excretion. AB - A single antibody radioimmunoassay has been used to measure albumin excretion in 3 groups of female Wistar rats. Two groups had streptozotocin diabetes and were treated daily with insulin for 6 months. In one of the diabetic groups good glycaemic control was attempted and throughout the 6 months plasma glucose levels were fairly close to normal (92 +/- 33 mg/100 ml at 2300 h and 186 +/- 9 mg/100 ml at 0800 h). In the other diabetic group poor control was intended and the group had consistent high plasma glucose levels (576 +/- 89 mg/100ml and 460 +/- 43 mg/100 ml). The third group was a non-diabetic control group. -- Albumin excretion was measured on two occasions: before the induction of diabetes and after 6 months of diabetes. The geometric mean albumin excretion increased from 0.38 to 2.56 mg/24 h in the 18 non-diabetic controls. In the 20 diabetic rats in "good" control the geometric mean albumin excretion increased from 0.37 to 1.58 mg/24 h (NS compared with controls) and in the group of 22 rats in poor control albumin excretion increased from 0.35 to 6.54 mg/24 h. -- The increase in albumin excretion in rats in poor control differed significantly both from that of the non-diabetic controls (2p = 0.023) and from that of the "well-controlled" diabetic rats (2p = 0.00011). PMID- 7000595 TI - Evidence for priming and inhibitory effects of glucose on insulin secretion from isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - Biphasic insulin secretion from perifused rat islets of Langerhans was affected in three ways by the islet glucose environment prior to stimulation. (i) The secretory response to glucose was diminished if the basal concentration of glucose in the medium was reduced from 5.5 to 2.7 mmol/l for 2 h prior to stimulation. First phase secretion was affected more than the second. (ii) Secretion was potentiated if islets had been previously exposed to a stimulatory concentration of glucose of 22.2 mmol/l. Again first phase secretion was particularly affected and there was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the secretory response and the duration of the initial stimulus. (iii) In contrast, both phases of secretion were proportionately reduced if islets had been previously exposed to stimulatory concentrations of glucose of 8.3 mmol/l. PMID- 7000592 TI - Diabetes mellitus in urban and rural communities in Papua New Guinea. Studies of prevalence and plasma insulin. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests (75 g) in 185 urban residents of Port Moresby and 105 ethnically similar rural villagers showed that 15.8% of urban residents had diabetes mellitus (two hour plasma glucose > 11.0 mmol/l and a total of 22% were glucose intolerant (plasma glucose > 9.0 mmol/l), compared with 1.0% and 5.5% in rural people. - Urban men and women were significantly fatter than rural people, but within each population glucose tolerance was not significantly related to weight or to age, although the numbers of old people studied were small. Compared to Australians the Papua New Guinea subjects had a higher fasting plasma insulin (16.5 vs 10.7 microU/ml, p = < 0.05); independent of weight fasting plasma insulin was significantly higher in the rural than urban people studied. After the glucose load, plasma insulin and glucose levels were positively correlated in rural people. In contrast, for the urban group the relation best fitted a quadratic function, with decline in plasma insulin at high levels of glucose. - The prevalence of diabetes in urbanised Melanesians in Papua New Guinea appears similar to other South Pacific countries. PMID- 7000596 TI - Matched glucose responses to insulin administered subcutaneously and intravenously. Evidence for subcutaneous inactivation of insulin. AB - A new technique of programmed intravenous insulin infusion at a series of decreasing rates has been used to imitate the magnitude and time course of biological responses obtained by the subcutaneous route. Groups of normal rats prepared with indwelling venous cannulae were injected subcutaneously with soluble porcine insulin, 0.4 U/kg. The pattern of the resulting hypoglycaemic response was subsequently matched by a 2-hour intravenous insulin infusion at rates decreasing stepwise from 0.3 to 0.05 U kg-1h-1. The total amount of insulin infused intravenously was only 50% of that required subcutaneously. In addition, subcutaneous or intravenous infusions of insulin at 0.05 U kg-1h-1 were given to two groups of rats from the same batch. When both infusions were continued until plateau responses were reached, a significantly greater lowering of plasma glucose was caused by the intravenous route. These results suggest that when insulin is given subcutaneously significant inactivation of the insulin occurs at or near the injection site. PMID- 7000598 TI - The chlorpropamide alcohol flush. Lack of specificity for familial non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - A facial flush provoked by alcohol in chlorpropamide treated diabetics has been described as a genetic marker for a dominantly inherited type of non-insulin dependent diabetes. In this study a chlorpropamide alcohol flush was observed in 16.9% of control subjects (n = 154), 23.3% of insulin dependent diabetics (n = 437) and 16.5% of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (n = 145). Among the non-insulin dependent diabetics no difference in the frequency of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush was found between those with and without a family history of diabetes. Specificity was not improved by skin temperature measurement or additional placebo tests. According to these data the chlorpropamide alcohol flush does not seem to be specific for non-insulin dependent diabetes and hypotheses about the aetiology of this type of diabetes based on the chlorpropamide alcohol flush should be regarded with caution. PMID- 7000597 TI - Circulating insulin-binding antibodies. PMID- 7000599 TI - Evidence for the presence of insulin binding sites in isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells. AB - Insulin receptors have been demonstrated in isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells. The specific binding of 125I-insulin was time--and temperature--dependent, the optimal temperature of study being 15 degrees. Dissociation of bound 125I insulin by an excess of unlabelled hormone was rapid and attained 66 +/- 2% in 2 h. When initiated by dilution, the dissociation attained 35 +/- 4% in 2 h, and 72 +/- 1% in 2 h when 10(-7) mol/l unlabelled insulin was added. The pH optimum for the binding process was between 7.5 and 8, and the binding increased proportionally to cell protein concentration up to 1.5 mg/ml. Under standard conditions (2 h at 15 degrees) the degradation of the labelled hormone in the medium accounted for 20--50% of total tracer, depending on the concentration of cells. At apparent equilibrium (2 h at 15 degrees), unlabelled insulin in the range of 10(-10) to 10(-7) mol/l inhibited competitively the binding of 4.3--7 X 10(-11) mol/l 125I-insulin; fifty per cent inhibition was obtained with 3 X 10( 9) mol/l native insulin. Scatchard analysis, after correction for degradation, gave curvilinear plots, that may be explained by two orders of binding sites, with 2,000 +/- 200 sites/cell of high affinity (Ka = 2.2 +/- 0.2 X 10(9) l/mol) and 39,000 +/- 3,000 sites/cell of low affinity (Ka = 5.6 +/- 1.6 X 10(7) l/mol). The potency of proinsulin to compete with 125I-insulin for the binding site was 3% that of insulin, unrelated peptides were inactive. Such results give a molecular basis to different reports suggesting that the intestine could be a target-tissue for insulin. PMID- 7000600 TI - Insulin binding and insulin action in rat fat cells after adrenalectomy. AB - Insulin binding and the effect of insulin on the transport of 3-O-methylglucose, lipogenesis from glucose, glucose oxidation and lipolysis was studied in fat cells of adrenalectomised rats and of a control group of sham-operated rats. The serum insulin level of the adrenalectomised rats (0.7 ng/ml) was lower than that of the controls (1.6 ng/ml). In adrenalectomised rats as compared to sham operated rats the insulin concentrations causing half-maximal effect were reduced by 50% in lipogenesis and antilipolysis and by 30% in glucose transport. The increase in sensitivity to submaximal insulin concentrations was not observed in glucose oxidation. The maximal responsiveness was unchanged in all test systems. The increase in sensitivity in three of the four studied insulin effects may be related to the 37% increase in the binding capacity of fat cells from adrenalectomised compared with sham-operated rats. The unchanged sensitivity with respect to glucose oxidation indicates possible post-receptor modulation. When adrenalectomised rats were substituted with either insulin or cortisol serum insulin levels were elevated above normal; however, the changes in the receptor were prevented in the cortisol supplemented rats and only partially in the insulin supplemented rats. The observation suggests, that the insulin receptor is regulated not only by the serum insulin level but also by cortisol. PMID- 7000601 TI - Further studies on the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma glucose and insulin in the mouse. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin were examined in conscious mice. Blood samples were obtained after anaesthetizing the mice lightly with ether at the desired time. Large doses of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) (200-400 mg/kg IV) produced a dose dependent hypoglycaemic response in fasted mice (e.g. control 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, 5HTP 400 mg/kg 2.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l). This response was preceded by a significant elevation in the plasma immunoreactive insulin concentration (e.g. control 6 +/- 2 mU/l; 5HTP 400 mg/kg 53 +/- 7 mU/l). Induction of diabetes with alloxan (80 mg/kg IV 72 h previously) prevented the hypoglycaemic effect of 5HTP. Alloxan diabetes abolished the hyperinsulinaemic response to 100 mg/kg of 5HTP and reduced by 66% the response to 400 mg/kg of 5HTP. In alloxan diabetic mice 5HTP produced a marked hyperglycaemic response (control 17.9 +/- 2.0 mmol/l; 5HTP 100 mg/kg 36.1 +/- 2.3 mmol/l). In normal mice pre-treated with nialamide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, much lower doses of 5 HTP (5-10 mg/kg) were required to produce hypoglycaemia. There was no detectable elevation in the plasma insulin concentration accompanying the hypoglycaemic response to smaller doses of 5HTP in nialamide treated mice. The hyperinsulinaemic and hypoglycaemic actions of 5HTP in normal mice were prevented completely by pretreatment with benserazide, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. 5-hydroxytryptamine did not modify the plasma glucose concentration in either normal or nialamide-treated animals. It is concluded that the hypoglycaemic response to 5HTP in normal mice is mediated at least partly through an elevation in the plasma insulin concentration, although it is likely that additional mechanisms are involved. PMID- 7000602 TI - Effects of growth hormone on insulin release in the rat. AB - Growth hormone injected intravenously in the rat elicited a 6-fold spike change in immunoreactive insulin with little variation in glucose. Subcutaneous administration of growth hormone for 4 days augmented by 56% the insulin secretory response to glucose of isolated islets from hypophysectomised rats but not the response of control rat islets. When islets were cultured in the presence of growth hormone, the glucose-induced insulin release was increased by 35% in batch incubations of islets from both normal and hypophysectomised rats and by 70 -110% in perifused islets. Thus the capacity for stimulated release of insulin is limited by hypophysectomy, and growth hormone is capable of directly influencing the secretory function of the beta-cell. PMID- 7000603 TI - Endocrine pancreatic control of the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide. A possible physiological role for C-peptide. AB - Intravenous infusion in anaesthetized rats of rat II C-peptide at a dose which produced circulating levels of 22.8 +/- 1.8 nmol/l after 30 min, resulted in a significant reduction (141 +/- 7 to 50 +/- 4 pmol/l, p < 0.001, mean +/- SEM) in the immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to an intestinal perfusion with a fat emulsion. Immunoreactive insulin levels were unchanged from basal in this study. It is suggested that C-peptide must be considered as a candidate for the endocrine pancreatic factor which exerts a negative feedback upon gastric inhibitory polypeptide release. PMID- 7000604 TI - Fetal hypoinsulinism as a cause of small infants of smoking mothers? PMID- 7000605 TI - Thiodigalactoside binding lectin and skeletal myogenesis. AB - A beta-D-galactoside binding lectin has been proposed to play a role in the cell interactions required for skeletal myogenesis. However, conflicting results have challenged this model as the basis for myoblast interactions and fusion. We have studied the effects of thiodigalactoside on the differentiation of the myogenic L8 line of rat cells and on myoblasts from newborn rats. Our results do not support a role for this lectin in the interactions of myoblasts immediately preceding fusion or in myoblast fusion per se. Thiodigalactoside did not inhibit development when present for restricted periods preceding fusion; differentiation was delayed only when cells were grown in the sugar for prolonged periods. Although a thiodigalactoside binding lectin is present in extracts of developing myoblasts, it is also present in equivalent amounts in developmentally defective nonfusing variants. Using antibody specific for this lectin and indirect immunofluorescence, myoblasts could be distinguished from fibroblasts; however, most of the lectin-associated antigen was within and not on the cells. One pattern of distribution of lectin determinants, similar to that reported with antiactin antibody, was present in differentiating L8 cells but not in the transformed fu-1 variant. PMID- 7000606 TI - Evidence for fibrinogen synthesis and secretion by rat foetal hepatocytes. AB - Fibrinogen concentration in rat foetal plasma is very low at 18 days of gestation but increases rapidly thereafter. The present study provides evidence that this increase is due to synthesis by the foetus itself. (1) 125I-labelled human fibrinogen, injected intravenously into the pregnant adult, did not reach the foetal circulation; (2) turpentine administration to the adult induced an increased maternal plasma fibrinogen concentration without affecting the foetal one; (3) conversely, in utero administration of turpentine to foetuses increased their plasmas fibrinogen concentration without affecting the maternal one; (4) using sheep anti-rat fibrinogen antibodies labelled with peroxidase, in electron microscopy, fibrinogen was located in foetal hepatocytes within the organelles known to be responsible for the synthesis and the ultimate secretion of the protein. PMID- 7000607 TI - Crystallin expression in the TVI cell line. AB - The TVI cell line, derived from dorsal iris cells of adult newts (notophthalmus viridescens), was investigated for the presence of crystallins. Since there is reason to believe that iris epithelial cells are the main sources of this cell line and since iris epithelial cells are known to convert into lens cells in primary cultures, it is possible that TVI cells also possess the capacity to synthesize crystallins, those proteins characteristic of lens cells. It is also possible, however, that the large number of passages gone through by TVI cells in the past has eliminated such differentiated synthetic capacity expressed in earlier generations. Our immunoelectrophoresis studies reveal the presence of small amounts of alpha and beta crystallins, and the absence of gamma crystallins in TVI cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observations demonstrate that a small number of cells comparable to lens epithelial cells in crystallin composition and morphology are present in TVI cultures. In view of the fact that in the amphibian lens, epithelial cells which retain proliferative activity accumulate alpha and beta crystallins but not gamma crystallins, while fiber cells which are devoid of proliferative activity accumulate all three classes of crystallins, the present results suggest that the TVI cell line has lost the capacity to maintain lens fiber cells, which are known to be present in primary culture of iris epithelial cells. PMID- 7000609 TI - [Intestinal absorption in human alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000608 TI - Comparison of proteases in normal and metaplastic human stomach mucosa. AB - The proteases in normal and metaplastic human stomach mucosa were examined by preparing zymograms of tissue extracts with tosyl-L-lysine-alpha-naphthyl ester and L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-alpha-naphthyl ester as substrates. With both substrates, the zymogram of metaplastic mucosa showed an additional band (Rf 0.64) not present with normal mucosa. This band was also observed with extracts of normal small intestine and cancerous stomach tissue. It disappeared on treatment of the preparations with leupeptin, but not with esterastin. PMID- 7000610 TI - [Medical treatment of gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000611 TI - [Control of esophageal and gastric motility. Recent physiological and pharmacological aspects (Part II: Stomach; references) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000613 TI - Blood flow to the rabbit pancreas with special reference to the islets of Langerhans. AB - Nonradioactive microspheres of various sized (mean batch diameters ranging from 6 microns ato 26 microns) were administered to unfasted rabbits under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia by a brief injection into the left ventricle. Flow rate per bead was determined by the reference organ method. After prompt death of the animal, the spheres were located and counted miroscopically (islet vs. nonislet) in fixed, stained, and cleared portions of the pancreas. According to an analysis of the distribution of spheres as a function of bead diameter, 11-23% of the total pancreatic blood flow went directly to the islets and 77-89% to the "acini" (nonislet tissues). After retrograde postmortem injection of spheres 6 microns, 9 microns and 11 microns in diameter, practically none reached the islets, whereas after orthograde postmortem injection, they did so in the same proportions as in vivo. These results, supplemented by certain control experiments, support the view that all, or nearly all, efferent islet blood flow goes to the acinar capillaries before leaving the organ. We conclude that the arterial supplies to the rabbit exocrine and endocrine pancreas are in parallel, with most of the flow going to the exocrine portion. However, the flow to the islets is large enough to permit significant local actions of the islet hormones on the exocrine pancreas, in confirmation of the existence of an insuloacinar portal system. PMID- 7000612 TI - Hormonal abnormalities of the pancreas and gut in cystic fibrosis. AB - We have investigated the effect of cystic fibrosis on alimentary hormones in 10 children by measuring the pancreatic and gut hormone rsponse to a milk drink. Plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory peptide were both significantly reduced (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively, at 15 min) in the patients with cystic fibrosis, compared with controls, even though the early glucose rise was greater in the former group (P < 0.05 at 15 min). Fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide were significantly lower in the fibrocystic children (P < 0.01), and the normal response to milk was completely abolished in these patients (P < 0.001). Fasting plasma enteroglucagon concentrations were grossly abolished in the cystic fibrosis patients (P < 0.001) and these remained elevated throughout the test. No significant differences were seen in basal or postmilk responses of plasma glucagon, gastrin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or motilin in cystic fibrosis. It would thus appear that the pancreatic polypeptide cell is more susceptible to the effects of the disease process than the beta or alpha cell in cystic fibrosis. Some aspects of the abnormalities in the gastrointestinal endocrine system were similar to those seen in celiac disease and tropical sprue and may, therefore, effect a similar hormonal response in these patients with cystic fibrosis to those with mucosal damage. PMID- 7000614 TI - Franz Ingelfinger in the summer. Memorial remarks for my father. PMID- 7000615 TI - The broadening incretin concept. PMID- 7000616 TI - Does hepatitis B virus grow outside the liver. PMID- 7000617 TI - Mapping of the polA locus of Escherichia coli K12: genetic fine structure of the cistron. AB - The close linkage of the glnA gene with polA was exploited to construct a fine structure map of polA by means of generalized transduction with phage P1. Nine different polA- alleles were mapped by recombinational crosses. The results indicate a gene order consistent with previous observations (KELLEY and GRINDLEY 1976a; MURRAY and KELLEY 1979). Three mutations, polA5, polA6 and polA12 map within the "carboxy-terminal" or "large-fragment" portion of the gene in unambiguous order. Four alleles, known to affect the "amino-terminal" portion of the gene, polA107, polA214, polA480ex and polA4113, appear to be closely linked with certain ambiguities in their exact order. All four of these mutations are known to alter the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I and three of them result in the conditional lethal polA- phenotype. The polA1 nonsense mutation maps between these two groups in a position consistent with its known effect, production of an amber fragment that includes the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease. The final allele, resA1, is another nonsense mutation that maps at the extreme "amino-terminus" of the cistron.----A number of control experiments were conducted to determine the effects of polA- mutations on the P1-mediated recombinational event. These experiments indicated that abortive transduction occurs quite frequently, but the formation of abortive transductants and segregation of unselected transduced markers among daughter progeny is like that observed by other investigators. There was no evidence that any individual polA- allele behaved in an exceptional fashion during recombination. PMID- 7000618 TI - An antisuppressor that acts on omnipotent suppressors in yeast. AB - Six partially dominant antisuppressors were obtained that reduce the efficiency of two omnipotent yeast suppressors, sup45 and sup35, thought to be ribosomal ambiguity mutations. Each of these six antisuppressors was shown to fall within a single Mendelian locus, named asu9. The asu9 mutations are specific for omnipotent suppressors; they have no effect on several dominant tRNA-like suppressors. In the absence of suppressors, asu9 causes sensitivity to the aminoglycoside antibiotic, paromomycin. The properties of asu9 are consistent with the hypothesis that asu9 alters yeast ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7000619 TI - Heteroduplex repair as an intermediate step of UV mutagenesis in yeast. AB - We have measured UV-induced mutation frequencies in yeast in a forward, nonselective assay system by scoring white adex ade2 double auxotrophs among parental red-pigmented ade2 clones. The frequencies of sectored and pure mutant clones were determined separately. In excision-defective strains carrying the genes rad1-1, rad3-2 and rad4-4, as well as in the double mutants, rad 1-1 rad 3 2 and rad 1-1 rad 4-4, considerably more sectored than pure clones are induced in the low-dose range; in repair-competent strains, pure mutant clones substantially outnumber the sectored clones. These results can be explained on the basis of known differences in the timing of error-prone repair during the cell division cycle; that is, we assume that error-prone repair occurs primarily before replication in RAD wild-type strains but after replication in excision-deficient mutants. It has been suggested that excision deficiency has a pleiotropic effect on heteroduplex repair and nucleotide excision repair; however, the high percentage (36.6%) of half-sectored clones found in the rad1-1 strain is hard to reconcile with this hypothesis. We propose that heteroduplex repair occurs subsequent to error-prone repair in both excision-proficient and excision deficient strains. PMID- 7000620 TI - [Immunity characteristics of workers in contact with chemical substances]. PMID- 7000621 TI - [Instruction in nutritional hygiene at Vil'nius University]. PMID- 7000623 TI - [Role of hard water in preventing cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7000622 TI - [Behavioral reactions in experimental hygienic research]. PMID- 7000625 TI - [Routes for the spread of the pseudotuberculosis microbe, Y. pseudotuberculosis, in infection foci]. PMID- 7000624 TI - [Sanitary microbiological aspects of environmental protection in the areas around poultry-processing factories]. PMID- 7000626 TI - [200th anniversary of the birth of Frank Isaac Mayor (1779-1855), discoverer of fetal heart sounds]. PMID- 7000627 TI - [Results of complex treatment of cervix incompetence]. PMID- 7000628 TI - Randomised open controlled trial of colloidal bismuth subcitrate tablets and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - In a study of 28 outpatients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers, 14 patients (with a total of 15 ulcers) were treated with bismuth tablets (colloidal bismuth subcitrate, De-Nol, Gist-Brocades NV) and 14 patients (14 ulcers) were treated with cimetidine (Smith, Kline, and French). Clinical and endoscopic assessments were made after four and six weeks' therapy. After four weeks, 10 of the bismuth treated ulcers (67%) and eight of the cimetidine treated ulcers (57%) were completely healed. After six weeks of therapy, complete healing was seen in 86% of both the bismuth treated and the cimetidine treated ulcers. Twenty of the 24 completely healed ulcer patients (10 of each group) cooperated in a three month follow-up study. Pain recurred in three patients of the bismuth group and four of the cimetidine group and they were examined endoscopically. A recurrent ulcer was found in one of the bismuth treated patients and in three of the cimetidine treated patients. These observations indicate that colloidal bismuth subcitrate was at least as effective as cimetidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7000629 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis. AB - According to traditional concepts, ascites formation and portal hypertension in cirrhosis lead to a deficit in the 'effective' extracellular fluid (ECF) and blood volumes respectively. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system is thus stimulated and the kidneys retain fluid as a homeostatic mechanism to restore the ECF and blood volumes. Recent studies, however, show that approximately two-thirds of patients with ascites do not have a stimulated RAA system and in those without clinical evidence of fluid retention the RAA system is actually suppressed. These findings are incompatible with the concepts of reduced effective ECF and blood volumes. Despite the fact that most patients retaining sodim and accumulating ascites have a normal plasma aldosterone concentration, other evidence strongly suggests a dominant role for aldosterone in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. There might therefore be an increased renal tubular sensitivity to aldosterone in cirrhosis. For the one third of patients with ascites who do have a stimulated RAA system this may well be a response to reduced effective ECF and/or blood volumes in accord with traditional concepts. PMID- 7000631 TI - Prevention of aspirin-induced faecal blood loss by prostaglandin E2. AB - Prostaglandins have been shown in animal laboratory studies to be capable of protecting the gastrointestinal tract against injury by exogenous agents. This study was conducted to determine if prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is native to the human gastric mucosa, could influence the increase in faecal blood loss associated with the ingestion of aspirin (ASA). A randomised double-blind study was performed on 27 healthy men. Faecal blood loss was measured by the 51Cr labelled red cell technique. ASA (600 mg four times daily) caused a significant increase in faecal blood loss. PGE2 (1 mg four times daily) had no effect on faecal blood loss when administered alone. When given in addition to ASA it resulted in a faecal blood loss not significantly different from control. No significant alteration in intestinal transit occurred. It is concluded that PGE2 protects man from the gastrointestinal injury associated with ASA. PMID- 7000632 TI - Defective opsonisation and complement deficiency in serum from patients with fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Serum from 23 of 26 patients with fulminant hepatic failure and grade IV encephalopathy had defective opsonisation of E. coli and yeast (S. cerevisiae). No toxic serum factors acting on the polymorphonuclear leucocytes or inactivators of the normal serum opsonisation factors were found. Complement deficiency was shown to be the most likely cause of the defect in opsonisation. The addition of a heat-labile fraction of normal serum at low concentration corrected the defect and factors of both the classical and the alternative pathways of complement were reduced to below 40% of the activity of the control serum. During the early stages of clinical recovery serum opsonisation and complement activity returned to normal with statistically significant correlations between tests of opsonisation and total haemolytic complement CH50, C3 and total alternative pathway activity. Defective serum opsonisation and complement deficiency represent major defects in the body's defences against infection. PMID- 7000630 TI - Pectin and complications after gastric surgery: normalisation of postprandial glucose and endocrine responses. AB - Pectin has been shown to minimise the fall in blood glucose seen in patients who are troubled by hypoglycaemia attacks after gastric surgery. We therefore performed 50 g glucose tolerance tests with and without 14.5 g pectin on 11 post gastric surgery patients. After pectin, the high postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and enteroglucagon were significantly reduced as was the fall in blood glucose between 90 and 120 minutes. These effects of pectin may reflect slower uptake of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract and provide evidence to support the use of unabsorbable carbohydrate gelling agents in treating hypoglycaemia after gastric surgery. PMID- 7000633 TI - Mallory bodies--immunohistochemical detection by antisera to unique non prekeratin components. AB - Mallory bodies (MBs) were prepared in 95% pure form from a case of human chronic alcoholic liver disease. A protein referred to as Mallory body protein (MBP), was isolated from MB by reduction and alkylation which gave one band an SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Antisera were raised to both purified MBs and MBP in rabbits and a goat. Both antisera, after absorption with spleen cells, specifically reacted immunohistochemically with MBs in frozen sections from patients with alcoholic liver disease. They also reacted with small granular structures in hepatocytes which are interpreted as a precursor or degradation product of MBs. The anti-MB serum also stained MBs in trypsinised paraffin sections in the immunoperoxidase procedure. Neither antisera reacted with normal liver or skin, and the reactivity of anti-MB and MBP sera for MBs was not abolished by absorption with prekeratin; these results indicate that MBs contain unique antigenic determinants not present in prekeratin. It is concluded that MBs are not simply composed of intermediate filament proteins. PMID- 7000635 TI - How to prepare and inject insulin with one hand. PMID- 7000634 TI - Increased incidence of faecal coliforms with in vitro adhesive and invasive properties in patients with ulcerative colitis. AB - Faecal samples were collected from 23 patients with active ulcerative colitis, 15 patients with established ulcerative colitis in remission, 20 patients with active colitis of cause other than ulcerative colitis, and 20 normal control subjects. Ten coliform colonies were randomly selected from the faecal sample cultures and serotyped before the testing of each different serotype from each sample for adhesive or invasive properties on HeLa cell monolayers. In the patients with both active ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis in remission and those with other types of colitis one serotype tended to dominate the faecal coliform flora. In normal controls more variety was encountered. Thirty-five per cent of the patients with active ulcerative colitis and 27% of the patients with ulcerative colitis in remission had at least one adhesive or invasive faecal coliform as compared with 5% of the patients with other types of colitis and 5% of the normal controls. These findings are significant (P < 0.05) and may have aetiological and therapeutic significance. PMID- 7000636 TI - Where do we stand with National Health Insurance? PMID- 7000637 TI - [Fine needle aspiration for cytologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7000638 TI - child abuse: historical precedent and legal ramifications. AB - Although social workers are actively involved in helping parents and children in child abuse cases, the legal profession and the courts currently establish and influence social policies regarding such abuse. For social workers not trained in law, this article highlights the historical background of child abuse, reviews cases of child abuse and neglect that have set legal precedent, and discusses the legal requirement that makes reporting suspected cases of child abuse mandatory. PMID- 7000639 TI - Characterization of adenylate cyclase from Escherichia coli. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity was detected and characterized in cell-free preparations of different strains of Escherichia coli; it was localized not only in the membrane fraction but also in the cytoplasm, the localization differing from strain to strain. The adenylate cyclase activity is highly dependent on the method used for disintegration of cells. The best results were obtained when using vortexing of the cell suspension with ballotini beads. The pH optimum of adenylate cyclase in cell-free preparations was found to be 9.0--9.5. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for Mg2+ and is inhibited by sodium fluoride and inorganic diphosphate. Release of adenylate cyclase from the membrane leads to an immediate loss of the activity; it was found that adenylate cyclase is quite labile and hence it could not yet been purified. The method used to determine adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP is described. PMID- 7000640 TI - Effective of Bacterial repair systems in near UV radiation-induced damage. AB - Inactivation of seven strains derived from Escherichia coli B differing in their capacity to repair damage to their DNA (exc, pol, rec) after irradiation with far (254 nm) and middle and near (300 to 380 and 320--400 nm) UV light was investigated. The same bacterial strains were also used as hosts for the UV irradiated phage T7. The damage induced in bacteria and the phage by the near UV radiation was repaired only to a lesser extent by the investigated repair mechanisms or was not repaired at all. PMID- 7000642 TI - Design of a growth model for yeast. AB - The study of the cell cycle of a yeast strain made it possible to define two parameters: T, the time elapsing between the appearance of two consecutive buds on a mother cell, and theta, the time elapsing between the appearance of a bud and the beginning of the first mitotic cycle. The influence of these two parameters on the growth rate of the strain is studied. PMID- 7000641 TI - Mutagenicity of nitrofuran drugs in bacterial systems. AB - The mutagenic activity of 5 nitrofuran drugs (furadantin, furoxon, furacin, benzazon VII and lampit) was tested on strains Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1438 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA+ and WP2 wrA. All nitrofurans tested has a marked mutagenic effect on strain TA 100 and, partially, on strain TA 1535 except for furoxon which was strongly toxic for this strain. No significant mutagenic effects of the drugs were observed with strain TA 1538. With the exception of lympit, all drugs exerted a mutagenic action on E coli WP2 vwA but no on WP2 uvA+ which has an intact excision repair system. The only drug exerting a mutagenic effect on the latter strain was furoxon. All five nitrofurans exhibited a positive repair test. The results support the notion that the nitrofuran mutagens under study induce single base substitutions. PMID- 7000643 TI - Catabolite regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis. PMID- 7000644 TI - [Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases]. PMID- 7000646 TI - [Polyurethane skin substitute for temporary covering of wounds. A comparative study]. PMID- 7000648 TI - [Possibilities of neurological pain relief (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000647 TI - [Differential diagnostic aspects and therapy in various forms of shcok- conclusion]. PMID- 7000645 TI - [Disorders of immune regulation in psoriasis]. AB - Immune abnormalities in psoriasis vulgaris are described. Anti-stratum corneum antibodies deposited with C3 have been found in patients with psoriasis. A lot of other immune abnormalities identified in psoriasis: increased serum IgG and IgA levels, lowered DNCB-sensitization, alteration in polymorphnuclear leukocytes (PMN) function, decreased number of T cells, lack of response to concanavalin A (ConA) and an increase in the polyclonal B cell activation. the authors believe that the immunoregulatory defect is due to the disorder of the skin. PMID- 7000649 TI - [The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Clinical, epidemiological, pathogenetic and aetiological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Creutzfield-Jakob Disease is a kind of fatal progressive dementia in adults with cerebellar, extrapyramidal and corticospinal signs leading via decerebration to death within an average period of 7 months. EEG and biopsy of the brain are the only diagnostic means of significant importance. Neuropathologically, there are spongiform changes with loss of neurons and gliosis. The epidemiological conditions are complicated and indicate that certain families and population groups are preferred. Together with kuru and two veterinary diseases, namely, scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease forms a group of subacute spongiform encephalopathies. The diseases in this group are infectious diseases without inflammatory reaction, which are caused by a "slow virus" with unconventional properties. The successful transmission of this disease to laboratory animals has contributed towards an understanding of these aetiological and pathogenetic correlations and has also opened up new diagnostic perspectives. However, the natural mode of transmission of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease remains largely unknown. Since it has been established that some cases were definitely iatrogenic, importance is attached to measures which must be taken when treating suspicious demented patients. PMID- 7000651 TI - Health care technology: paying for it through Medicare. PMID- 7000650 TI - Regulations: the rules of the game. PMID- 7000654 TI - Portal levels of glucagon and insulin in VMH-lesioned rats. PMID- 7000653 TI - Modulation of pituitary LH and prolactin pools in amenorrheic women. II. Effects of low dose estrogen treatment. PMID- 7000652 TI - Pancreatic alpha and beta cell function in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. AB - Resistance to both insulin and glucagon have been considered as possible causes of primary hypertriglyceridemia. In the present research, we have compared insulin and glucagon secretion in five hyperlipidemic patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia with five normolipidemic control subjects matched for age, sex and adiposioty. Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations mesaured during standard oral glucose tolerance and arginine infusion tests were similar in the two groups. Blood glucose fell transiently in the controls, but not in the patients, during the Himsworth test (100 g glucose orally plus 0.05 U insulin per kg body weight intravenously). There were no significant differences in plasma FFA concentrations and responses during all tests between the groups. The percentage reduction in plasma triglyceride concentration during infusion of arginine was similar in the two groups. These results suggest that the patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia were slightly less insulin sensitive than the controls. However, primary insensitivity to glucagon or insulin does not appear to be fundamental to the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. PMID- 7000656 TI - (A1-phenylalanine) insulin: a new synthetic analogue. AB - An analogue of porcine insulin which differs from the native molecule in that the tyrosine residue in Pos. A19 is replaced by phenylalanine has been synthesized. The [PheA19]A chain was synthesized by the fragment condensation and purified as tetra-S-sulfonate by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 3.5. Conversion of the latter into the sulfhydryl form and combination with native sulfhydryl B chain yielded the [PheA19]insulin, which was purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose at pH 4.0 with an linear NaCl gradient. The biological activity of this analogue was 22.6% as measured by the rat epididymal adipocytes. It was suggested that in the insulin molecule the hydroxyl function of A19-tyrosine participates in an hydrogen-bond with the carbonyl function of A1-glycine. That hydrogen bond formation is critical for the stability of the hormone-receptor complex. The low biological activity found by us supports this hypothesis. The circular dichroism data in far UV suggest that the introduction of phenylalanine leaves the molecule structure essentially undisturbed, however the change observed in near UV could be accounted for the exchange. PMID- 7000655 TI - Distribution of acrosin inhibitors in bull reproductive tissues and spermatozoa. AB - Antisera against two low molecular weight acrosin inhibitors, isolated from bull seminal plasma (BUSI I and BUSI II), were prepared by immunizing rabbits and hamsters. Antisera to BUSI I and BUSI II cross-reacted immunologically with low intensity. Using immunological techniques BUSI I and BUSI II could be demonstrated in the tissues and fluids of bull seminal vesicles and ampullae and on the acrosomes of ejaculated and ampullar spermatozoa. BUSI II was also detected in the epididymal fluid and on the acrosomes of epididymal spermatozoa. Antisera to both inhibitors cross-reacted with boar seminal vesicle fluid and ram seminal plasma. There was no cross-reaction with the components of blood serum. PMID- 7000657 TI - (A14-phenylalanine)insulin: a new synthetic analogue. AB - An analogue of porcine insulin which differs from the native molecule in that the amino acid residue A14-tyrosine is replaced by phenylalanine has been synthesized. The [PheA14]A chain was synthesized by the fragment condensation method and purified as tetra-S-sulfonate by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose at pH 5.6. Conversion of the tetra-S-sulfonate A chain to the sulfhydryl form and combination with native porcine sulfhydryl B chain gave the [PheA14]insulin, which was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The biological activity of this analogue was 96 +/- 6% as measured by the rat epididymal adipocytes. This shows that A14-tyrosine is not essential for the biological activity of the hormone. PMID- 7000658 TI - Ultrastructure of transplant glomerulopathy. AB - Thirty-one specimens of tissue were obtained from 15 renal allografts 3-96 months after transplantation and studied by light, electron and in some cases also by immunofluorescence microscopy. All patients had a degree of renal insufficiency and almost all had proteinuria and moderate hypertension; nephrotic syndrome was present in one and hematuria in two. On histological examination one patient showed cellular proliferation suggestive of glomerulonephritis (recurrent or de novo) and another patient had numerous crescents. The most frequent glomerular lesion was widening of the lamina rara interna with subendothelial accumulation of finely granular material, formation of new subendothelial basement membrane and deposition of microfibrils and fine filaments. The mesangial changes were mainly those of mesangiolysis and mesangial sclerosis with deposition of mesangial matrix and microfibrils, but little cellular proliferation. Fragmented red blood cells were seen in nearly half of the patients. In another seven patients the lesion resembled focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. This combination of changes termed transplant glomerulopathy leads to diffuse glomerular sclerosis. Arterial intimal thickening and occasionally also thrombosis produced ischaemic changes in the kidney and in the glomeruli and contributed significantly to the process of transplant rejection. PMID- 7000659 TI - The relation of different inflammatory cell types to the various parenchymal components of rejecting kidney allografts. AB - Histochemical and immunoperoxidase techniques were used to characterize the spatial relationships of various inflammatory cell types to the different transplant structures in human renal allograft rejection. T lymphocytes were identified by acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining, plasma cells by intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin, mononuclear phagocytes by intracytoplasmic 'dispersed' ANAE reaction and/or lysozyme staining and granulocytes by intracellular lactoferrin. In the two cases of acute rejection the infiltrate around the blood vessels consisted mainly of lymphocytes, whereas the infiltrate around the tubules and within the glomerular tufts consisted mainly of mononuclear phagocytes. In acute rejection only a few plasma cells and granulocytes were seen. In the single case of chronic rejection studied, the lymphocytes were no longer concentrated exclusively around the blood vessels, but diffusely distributed throughout the kidney parenchyma. The different distribution of various inflammatory cells may reflect differences in the functions of these cell types in graft destruction. PMID- 7000661 TI - Imaging technology approaches the frontiers of physics. PMID- 7000660 TI - The social worker's role: a study of private and voluntary hospitals. AB - Social workers have played an integral role in the treatment of psychiatric patients in hospitals since the earliest days of the 20th century. At first totally dependent on the support and approval of the medical profession, psychiatric social work later became professionalized and began to take responsibility for a wide variety of duties in the institution. Through a study of private and voluntary hospitals, the authors found that despite decades of acceptance by medical staff, the social worker today functions in an environment where final administrative authority on hiring staff and deciding the need for social work services often falls outside the social work department. The survey also identifies the relative importance of various professional duties and the impact of social work on institution decision-making. Involvement by social workers in patient discharge planning could well ensure the future of social work in hospitals in a time of tight budgets, they conclude. PMID- 7000662 TI - Diagnostic imaging: an inside look. PMID- 7000663 TI - Mathematical and computer assisted procedures in clinical decision making. AB - Numerous mathematical and computer assisted procedures have been developed and tested as aids in clinical decision making. With pressures to curtail unnecessary utilization of diagnostic tests, these models may play an increasingly important role. In practice, additional data may benefit the construction of mathematical models but may not necessarily benefit clinicians. With improvements in computer technology, laboratory medicine is in a strategic position to influence the direction of diagnostic testing and clinical decisions in a more cost effective manner. PMID- 7000665 TI - Beryllium and beryllium compounds. PMID- 7000666 TI - Chromium and chromium compounds. PMID- 7000664 TI - Initiatives toward effective decision making and laboratory use. AB - Escalating health care costs constitute a public issue of paramount importance today, Among the leading growth factors in this rise is the cost of hospital services, notably laboratory services. With respect to the clinical laboratory, rising costs appear to be almost entirely attributable to expanding utilization and introduction of new services. The clinical laboratory has gone through a technological revolution in two decades that has changed it from a largely manual to a highly automated system of great speed and capacity. This change had produced a change in the style of providing services, a change that includes the provision of quantities of unsolicited data. A parallel change in the style of use of the laboratory has taken place on the part of patient care physicians from a relatively sparing, problem oriented use pattern to a relatively lavish, data oriented one. These reciprocal changes have transformed medicine, in the United States, at least, into a relatively high laboratory use culture. Abandonment of the new technology and return to a simpler, more primitive laboratory world would be a drastic and most inappropriate response to the new situation. Furthermore, arbitrary measures such as rationing, quotas, and tariffs are, if enacted, almost certain to fail. The most effective long term strategies, though more demanding of time and effort, lie through modification of physician behavior through the pathways of education and research. Education and research initiatives now in progress can in time influence laboratory use patterns of physicians at all career levels, improving the logic of test use and providing more strategic, prudent, and cost effective overall laboratory utilization practices. These approaches will require much improved communication between laboratory and bedside and a new intense involvement of laboratory physicians and scientists in the tasks of helping to improve the use of laboratory tests and laboratory data. PMID- 7000667 TI - Lead and lead compounds. PMID- 7000669 TI - Cellular origins and targets of costimulator (IL2). PMID- 7000670 TI - A lymphocyte growth factor made by a human lymphoid cell line. PMID- 7000671 TI - Helper mechanisms in T-cell activation. PMID- 7000672 TI - T-T cell interactions during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses: T cell derived helper factor (Interleukin 2) as a probe to analyze CTL responsiveness and thymic maturation of CTL progenitors. PMID- 7000668 TI - Arsenic and arsenic compounds. PMID- 7000673 TI - Interleukin 2: a class of T cell growth factors. PMID- 7000674 TI - Role of lymphokine and antigen in the control of specific T cell responses. PMID- 7000675 TI - Clones of killer and helper T cells: growth requirements, specificity and retention of function in long-term culture. PMID- 7000676 TI - T-cell growth factor. PMID- 7000677 TI - Cellular and humoral hypersensitivity to adrenal antigen in experimental adrenalitis. AB - A role for specific cellular, as well as humoral immunity has been suggested in experimental adrenalitis. This study was performed to seek a correlation between cellular and humoral immunity in experimental adrenalitis of the guinea pig. 34 guinea pigs (GP) were arranged into 4 experimental groups. One group (11 GP) was immunized with a single injection of 250 mg homologous adrenal antigen (HAA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). A second group (6 GP) was similarly immunized at 1 and 14 days. A third group (9 GP) received 3 such injections at 1, 14, and 21 days. The fourth group (8 control GP) received RPMI-1640 in CFA. The following were performed on all groups 10 days after the last injection: lymphocyte response to PHA and HAA; HAA-specific macrophage migration inhibition (MIF); antibody titers to HAA by hemagglutination; and histopathology of adrenal, thyroid and testis. Antibody titers reached a mean level of 500 in each of the 3 HAA-immunized groups. In the single injection group, MIF activity and response to PHA were significantly increased when compared to the other immunized groups and to controls. Histopathologic changes were seen in adrenal glands of all immunized groups, but were most remarkable in the single injection group. Progressively fewer changes were observed in double and triple immunized groups. Antibody titers and histological changes were not found in controls. Histopathology correlated better with cell-mediated immune parameters than with specific antibody titers; this suggests that cell-mediated mechanisms may be the more important factor in pathologic lesions of experimental adrenalitis. PMID- 7000678 TI - Dissociation of DNA/anti-DNA complexes at high pH. AB - A high-avidity human antibody (Ab) to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) could be virtually completely dissociated from Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast dsDNA at pH 12 and a low-avidity Ab at pH 11. At low pH (pH 2), no dissociation occurs of either Ab. Low-avidity Ab could be dissociated at neutral pH with 1 M NaCl, but even with 5 M NaCl high avidity Ab could not be dissociated. Prolonged exposure to pH 12 did not affect DNA-binding by Ab after dialysis against PBS. A decrease in surface tension of the liquid medium in no case prompted dissociation. Contact angle measurements on DNA showed it to be very hydrophilic. It is concluded that concomitant with the strong negative charge of the antigen and the positive charge of the Ab, both antigenic determinant and antibody-active site are exceptionally hydrophilic, which causes their van der Waals attraction in aqueous media to be negligibly small. This particular antigen-antibody bond thus is mainly electrostatic and can be completely dissociated by abolishing the positive charge of the antibody-active site through a drastic increase in pH. PMID- 7000679 TI - Modification of immune responsiveness in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. I. Time course after cercarial exposure. AB - The immune responsiveness of mice infected with 90 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni has been investigated. Post-infection kinetics of antibody responses, delayed hypersensitivity and mitogen responsiveness show that there are profound disturbances of these immunological parameters starting 2 weeks after the infection. Although the final outcome is immunodepression the S. mansoni infection can produce immunostimulation. We have observed differences in the kinetics of the depression of humoral antibody responses in two strains of mice. It seems that the worms and not the eggs are of major importance in determining the observed alterations of immune responsiveness. PMID- 7000680 TI - The bovine lymphoid system. III. A monoclonal antibody specific for bovine cell surface and serum IgM. AB - Mouse spleen cells from animals immunized with bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes were fused to X63 . Ag8 myeloma cells and the activity of one of the resulting myeloma hybrids was characterized. The product of this clone (B5/4.1.4) binds to pentameric bovine IgM isolated from serum but not to serum IgG1 or IgG2. This reagent also binds to cell surface (monomeric) IgM and can be used in immunofluorescence assays to enumerate IgM-bearing cells in lymphoid cell suspensions and to examine B lymphocytes or B lymphocyte derived cells in tissue sections. PMID- 7000681 TI - Effect of lipid A-associated protein and lipid A on the expression of lipopolysaccharide activity. I. Immunological activity. AB - A detailed investigation has been made of the contribution of the various chemical moieties of bacterial endotoxins, namely lipid A-associated protein (LAP), lipid A and O-antigen polysaccharide to a number of the immunological activities of these active bacterial products. Advantage was taken of the availability of antigenically identical endotoxin preparations from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 which differed greatly in their content of LAP and/or lipid A. The capacity to initiate in vitro proliferative responses in murine splenocytes was in a large part related to the presence of LAP with a less potent, although still critical, dependence upon lipid A. On the other hand, the in vivo polyclonal antibody response was dependent only upon lipid A. In this respect, the presence of LAP had no apparent effect on the stimulation of nonspecific low affinity antibody. All preparations, regardless of LAP and lipid A content, stimulated similar in vivo enhancement of antibody responses to a protein antigen (adjuvanticity) and specific immune responses to the endotoxin polysaccharide antigen. The results emphasize the lack of correlation between in vitro B lymphocyte proliferative responses and in vivo immunostimulatory responses of bacterial endotoxin preparations. These data also suggest a minimal contribution of LAP to in vivo responses and an extremely limited contribution of lipid A to the adjuvant activity and the primary immune response to O-antigen polysaccharide. PMID- 7000683 TI - A fraction (FAd) from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes depresses the immune response in mice. AB - The primary immune response to SRBC in BALB/c mice was depressed when they were injected with a fraction (FAd) obtained from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes grown in LIT medium. Plaque-forming cell (PFC) number was 50% less than controls when FAd was injected i.v. 15 min before antigen in doses ranging from 70 microgram up to 400 microgram of protein. Similar depression was observed when 100 microgram FAd was injected up to 6 h before antigen. There was no shift in the peak response to SRBC, neither was depression detected, when a total of 100 microgram FAd protein was given in 20 microgram amounts twice a day before immunization. Mice injected with FAd fraction only showed no increase in background PFC. Both secondary IgM and secondary IgG PFC were depressed when FAd was given before the boosting injection. However, only IgG PFC were depressed when FAd was injected before the priming dose. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to DNFB was depressed when animals were injected either during the 3 days after sensitization or with a single dose of 100 microgram of protein of FAd on day of challenge. Bone marrow colony-forming units in spleens of mice injected with FAd were depressed and nodules in the treated animals were smaller than in controls. We conclude that FAd affects humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by interfering with cell division at some stage of the cell cycle. PMID- 7000682 TI - Insect erythrocyte agglutinins. In vitro opsonization experiments with Clitumnus extradentatus and Periplaneta americana haemocytes. AB - The effect of naturally occurring haemagglutinins on the in vitro phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by the blood cells (haemocytes) of Clitumnus extradentatus and Periplaneta americana was studied. The results showed that the haemagglutinins in both species failed to act as opsonins. Indeed, in some instances, incubation of erythrocytes in haemolymph resulted in less avid ingestion as compared with the saline-incubated controls. This reduced phagocytosis was probably caused by the clumping of erythrocytes on the haemocyte monolayers, leaving fewer single red cells available for uptake. The possible roles of these erythrocyte agglutinins in the host defence systems of insects are discussed. PMID- 7000686 TI - Radioresistant T lymphocytes in mice: distribution in organs, Thy-1 antigen content and helper activity. AB - Radioresistant T lymphocytes (RRTL) were derived from spleens of CBA mice after gamma-irradiation (2000 rad). RRTL comprise 2.2-3.5% of the total T-cell population. Adult thymectomy and treatment with ATS or cortisol do not affect the yield of RRTL. The Thy-1 antigen content on RRTL surfaces exceeds that on thymocytes and splenic T lymphocytes. 51Cr-labelled RRTL fail to home into lymph nodes: a considerable number of labelled RRTL persist in the blood. In an adoptive transfer system RRTL display poor helper activity. The adoptive response of normal B cells plus RRTL was reduced when RRTL donors were preimmunized with the same antigen. It is not clear if the unusual properties of RRTL were induced by irradiation or if they pre-existed. PMID- 7000685 TI - Relationship of anti-tuberculous protection to lung granuloma produced by intravenous injection of synthetic 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine with or without specific antigens. AB - Intravenous administration of 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (mycol-MDP) together with a specific antigen, PPD, in a water-in-oil emulsion was found to produce lung granuloma and to provide a low but significant grade of protection in mice against tuberculous infection within 4 weeks. However, these products, when given in an oil-in-water emulsion did not produce granuloma. Mycol-MDP alone produced comparable lung granuloma in both C57Bl/6 mice, high responders to BCG cell walls (CW), and C3H/He mice, low responders, 1 week after the injection, and when challenged at this time by aerosol containing virulent bovine tubercle bacilli, they showed significantly increased resistance. The present results confirmed the close relationship between lung granuloma and protection against aerosol challenge with Ravenel and revealed that the extent of lung granuloma at the time of aerosol challenge is crucial for the development of protection in mice immunized with mycol-MDP plus PPD as it is in mice immunized with BCG CW. However, these findings are not always the case for lung granuloma induced with mycol-MDP alone. PMID- 7000684 TI - Antigen requirements for priming of IgG producing B memory cells specific for Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. AB - B cells from mice primed with various amounts of the T-independent (TI) antigen Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3) or with the T-dependent (TD) form of S3, i.e. S3-HRBC, were transferred to irradiated recipients with T cells from S3 HRBC primed mice. After immunization with S3-HRBC, significant S3-specific IgG memory responses were produced only by those mice which received B cells from mice primed with the TD antigen. Activation of amplifier T cells (TA) at the time of priming with S3 resulted in increased IgG production by transferred B cells although the amount of IgG produced was still substantially less than that produced by B cells from S3-HRBC primed mice. An amount of S3 (0.6 microgram) which induces optimal primary IgM responses was found to suppress the induction of B memory cells by S3-HRBC. Lower amounts of S3 were not suppressive yet they were still unable to induce IgG memory in B cells. Taken together the results suggest that the TI antigen S3 does not induce differentiation of B cells to IgG producing memory cells because S3 is unable to activate a cell type (presumably T helper cells) which is required for this inductive process to occur. PMID- 7000687 TI - Serological and immunochemical characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The fusion of mouse NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii resulted in eight clones of hybridomas producing monospecific antibodies against membrane or cytoplasmic antigens of Toxoplasma tachyzoites. One of the antibodies to a cytoplasmic determinant was an IgM; the others directed to membrane or cytoplasmic antigens belonged to the IgG2 or IgG3 isotypes. Antibodies of clones 1E11 (IgG3), 2G11, and 3E6 (IgG2) directed to membrane antigens, bound complement and were reactive in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay of Sabin-Feldman. These IgG2 antibodies were strongly agglutinating to parasites, whereas the IgG3 was relatively weak. Another IgG2 antibody (5B6), possibly recognizing a shared antigen of membrane and cytoplasm, exhibited a low titre in the cytotoxicity assay as well as in the agglutination assay. Two other antibodies to membrane antigens (2B7 and 2F8) as well as an antibody to a cytoplasmic antigen (3G3) did not bind complement and did not cause agglutination. The pattern of parasite staining produced by monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens in an IFA test was different from that of polyvalent antisera. A strictly localized or 'beaded' staining was observed, as well as a smooth, rim fluorescence. Toxoplasma tachyzoites were surface radio-iodinated and the solubilized membrane proteins were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies and analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two independently arising monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens (2G11 and 3E6) consistently precipitated both the solubilized 35,000 and 14,000 mol. wt proteins, while 1E11 precipitated the 27,000 mol. wt protein. PMID- 7000688 TI - Surface markers of lymphocytes in the snake, Spalerosophis diadema. I. Investigation of lymphocyte surface markers. AB - A specific antiserum was raised in rabbits against thymocytes from snakes, Spalerosophis diadema, and was absorbed repeatedly with snake erythrocytes and kidney cells. In complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays, the absorbed anti thymocyte serum (ATS) was, at any given dilution, cytotoxic to Sp. diadema thymocytes > peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) > spleen cells and could be titrated to a plateau defining a population of about 98% of thymocytes, 80% of PBL and 72% of spleen cells. Antiserum directed against snake immunoglobulins was obtained by injecting rabbits with gamma-globulins separated from snake serum by DEAE-cellulose filtration. the anti-gamma globulin serum was absorbed with snake erythrocytes, and in indirect membrane immunofluorescence stained no thymocytes while reacted with about 15% of PBL and 29% of spleen lymphocytes up to a 1:8 dilution. Fluorescence of positive cells was distributed in spots, patches or caps; cap formation could be inhibited by maintaining the immunofluorescence test at +4 degrees. In each of six separate experiments performed during spring, the percentage of lymphocytes which reacted with anti-snake gamma-globulin serum complemented the percentage of cells recognized by ATS. It was shown, furthermore, that about 3%, 8% and 21% of lymphocytes from thymus, peripheral blood and spleen, respectively, possess a receptor for 2-mercaptoethanol insensitive antibody-sheep erythrocyte complexes. The results indicate that lymphocyte structural heterogeneity exists in reptiles. PMID- 7000689 TI - Intracellular distribution of antibodies in rat lymph node cells during primary response. A kinetic study. AB - The kinetics of appearance of immunoglobulin- and antibody-containing cells in rat lymph nodes was studied by immunoenzymatic techniques between days 12 and 90 after a single injection of horse-radish peroxidase. Three distinct phases appeared during the primary repsonse. Between days 8 and 17, essentially no antibody-containing cells were detectable, while non-specific immunoglobulin containing cells amounted to up to 9% of the total cell population. The peak of antibody-forming cells was observed between days 18 and 24, and their number decreased slowly during the last phase. Days 18-20 were marked by a sharp peak of a distinct category of cells containing antibodies in a limited area of their cytoplasm. One day before this event, the percentage of immunoglobulin-forming cells decreased drastically, and remained very low throughout the response. These results are discussed on the basis of a previously published model, which proposes that non-specific immunoglobulin-containing cells are precursors to antibody-containing cells, and that the transformation between these two categories of cells involves a stage where antibody synthesis is restricted to a few endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 7000690 TI - The influence of cigarette tobacco smoke products on the immune response. The cellular basis of immunosuppression by a water-soluble condensate of tobacco smoke. AB - The immunosuppression exhibited by a water-soluble condensate of tobacco smoke (WSC) has been studied in vivo and in vitro. When multiple sublethal doses of WSC were injected into C57Bl/6 mice, their ability to respond to immunization with sheep erythrocytes by the formation of plaque-forming cells was severely inhibited. In addition, spleen cells from WSC-treated mice were unable to mount a primary response to SRBC in vitro. Studies on the cellular basis of the immunosuppression induced by WSC showed a decrease in T lymphocytes in the spleens of WSC-treated mice. Additional experiments were conducted in which isolated populations of T cells, B cells and macrophages from WSC-treated or normal mice were combined and then tested for responsiveness to SRBC in vitro. Results of these experiments also indicated that T cells were particularly susceptible to WSC exposure. T cells from WSC-treated mice were unable to co operate with normal B cells and macrophages in the response to SRBC. A less marked suppression of B-cell function was noted in condensate-treated mice. While B cells from such animals were able to co-operate with normal T cells and macrophages to give a detectable primary response to SRBC, the response was depressed. In contrast, macrophages from WSC-treated animals enhanced the response of normal T and B cells to SRBC. PMID- 7000691 TI - Chronic inflammatory reactions in the guinea-pig peritoneal cavity induced by continuous local PPD stimulation. Immune status dependency of the accumulation of lymphocytes and eosinophils. AB - A chronic inflammation model is described which allows the study of the relationship between the level of specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity to the triggering antigen, and the presence of cells or mediators in the inflammatory exudate. In the present study special attention is paid to the participation of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Normal or FCA-pre-immunized guinea pigs received repeated intraperitoneal injections with PPD for periods up to 21 weeks. In non-pre-immunized animals the inflammation was characterized by a strong accumulation of eosinophils, whereas only a few lymphocytes were present. In contrast, the FCA-pre-immunized guinea-pigs showed a strong lymphocytic accumulation in the absence of eosinophils. Both peritoneal inflammations were shown to remain dependent on the continuous PPD administration. Therefore, the participation of either lymphocytes or eosinophils could be directly correlated to differences in the specific immune status. Both experimental groups developed similar strong anti-PPD antibody responses as assessed by haemagglutination and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Only the FCA-pre-immunized guinea-pigs, however, showed strong cell-mediated immunity. The development of CMI to the continuously administered antigen appears to be a prerequisite for the accumulation of lymphocytes, while it seems to prevent antibody-mediated eosinophil accumulation. PMID- 7000692 TI - Immunological cross-reactivity of heat-labile enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Weanling rats were immunized with a heat-labile enterotoxin contained in whole cell lysate (WCL) ultrafiltrate preparations of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains or with a purified preparation of heat-labile toxin (LT) from the ETEC strain and then challenged either with viable bacteria of each strain or the purified ETEC LT by means of the ileal ligated loop technique. Immunization with the WCL toxin preparations of either the EPEC or ETEC strain conferred protection against challenge with viable organisms of both strains; immunization with a similar preparation from a nontoxigenic strain did not yield protection. Immunization with either the WCL or purified LT toxin from ETEC strain afforded protection against challenge with the ETEC LT toxin, but immunization with the EPEC WCL preparation did not. The antigenicity of all of the toxin preparations was destroyed by heat-treatment. Possible contributory protective effects of somatic or colonization factor (CFA) antigens present in the WCL were excluded by the findings that protection was afforded against a heterologous somatic serotype, ileal bacterial counts were not reduced in protected animals, and WCL preparations of strains containing or lacking CFA yielded equal protection. These observations indicate that the heat-labile enterotoxin of EPEC strains is antigenic and is immunologically related to a heat labile toxin present in similarly prepared material from an ETEC strain but not to the conventional LT toxin of ETEC strains. They suggest that the WCL preparation of the ETEC strain contains two heat-labile enterotoxins, one of which is conventional LT and the other of which resembles the EPEC toxin. PMID- 7000693 TI - Differences in thymus-dependency among various T-cell functions. AB - Effects of thymectomy of various times after birth on cytotoxicity, delayed footpad reaction and antibody production were examined in 6 week old mice immunized intraperitoneally with chicken erythrocytes. Cytotoxicity and antibody production were abolished by thymectomy within 3 days after birth. Mice thymectomized at 5 days of age or later showed appreciable degrees of cytotoxicity and antibody production. On the other hand, a delayed footpad reaction could be elicited even in mice thymetocmized within 24 h after birth, although the degree of the reaction was reduced by such a treatment. Therefore, T cells responsible for delayed hypersensitivity were less thymus-dependent and required the presence of the thymus for a shorter period in their development that those responsible for cytotoxicity or antibody production. PMID- 7000694 TI - Amyloid P-component in mice injected with casein: identification in amyloid deposits and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. AB - Amyloid P-component was sought by immunofluorescence in the tissues of CBA mice receiving repeated subcutaneous injections of casein. P-component appeared in a perifollicular distribution in the spleen after about twenty casein injections, and correlated precisely with amyloid deposits identified by staining with Congo red. In mice which had received at least fourteen injections of casein, P component also became detectable within the cytoplasm of periportal hepatocytes. This is the first demonstration of P-component in murine amyloid and of a possible site for in vivo synthesis of P-component. PMID- 7000695 TI - The immune system of cyprinid fish. Kinetics and temperature dependence of antibody-producing cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio). AB - After immunization of carp with sheep red blood cells, the spleen accounts for only 5% of the total number of plaque-forming cells (PFC). In addition, thymus, peripheral blood and heart contained low numbers of PFC (< 0.5, 1 and 0.5%, respectively). Pronephros and mesonephros were the major antibody-forming organs (53 and 40% of total PFC, respectively). The temperature dependence of the antibody-forming cell response in spleen, pronephros and mesonephros as studied in animals kept at 12-24 degrees. Lowering temperatures induced a delay in the peak of the primary response but had no effect on the magnitude of the response. The temperature-peak day relationship indicated that there are steps in the primary immune response of carp differing in temperature sensitivity. The anamnestic character of the secondary response was clearly demonstrated at 24 and 20 degrees but lost at 18 degrees. PMID- 7000696 TI - Comparative study of alcohol dehydrogenase substrate specificities of Drosophila bipectinata & D. malerkotliana. PMID- 7000697 TI - Effect of heat & alumina adsorption on protease of Rhizopus oligosporus. PMID- 7000699 TI - Nosocomial Salmonella typhimurium epidemic in a neonatal special care unit. PMID- 7000700 TI - Therapeutic trial of amitryptiline in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis--a controlled study. PMID- 7000698 TI - Genetics of histocompatibility in mice. II. Survey for interactions between minor (non-H-2) antigens by skin grafting. AB - Twenty-five congenic mouse strains differing at distinguishable minor (non-H-2) histocompatibility loci were paired in 71 different combinations. F1 offspring were used as skin-graft donors for more than 4000 recipients to test whether immune responses to parental strain antigens were statistically independent. Thirty-four (48 percent) of the 71 combinations were predicted adequately by an independent response hypothesis. A simple additive model was consistent with 39 (55 percent) of the observed responses, although 18 of these were among those in agreement with the independent hypothesis. A synergistic response faster than that predicted by either the independent or additive response model was seen in 12 (17 percent) of the combinations. The remaining 5 percent were not well described by any of these models. No strain was represented with unusual frequency among those involved in synergistic interactions. PMID- 7000701 TI - Searches among mycobacterial cultures for antileprosy vaccines. AB - All mycobacteria species share some antigens, so there may be cultivable mycobacterial cultures that can provide vaccine protection against leprosy. Vaccine protection against Mycobacterium leprae infections in mice has been demonstrated for M. leprae itself, as living or heat-killed suspensions, and for Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), as living suspensions. Results are reported here with 17 other cultures. The mycobacterial suspensions were injected intradermally, and the mice were challenged in the footpad with infectious suspensions of M. leprae. In two experiments the mice were also challenged by footpad injections of 10(7) heat-killed M. leprae so the footpad enlargment could be measured. That some mycobacterial suspensions were immunogenic for some of their own antigens was suggested by reactions at the vaccine site and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. Some mycobacterial suspensions also stimulated footpad enlargement on challenge by homologous suspensions or by challenge with M. leprae suspensions. Consistent protection against infectious challenge with M. leprae was observed only with BCG and M. leprae, however. PMID- 7000702 TI - K-1 antigen content and the presence of an additional sialic acid-containing antigen among bacteremic K-1 Escherichia coli: correlation with susceptibility to opsonophagocytosis. AB - Eighty percent of blood culture isolates of Escherichia coli K-1 are resistant to in vitro opsonophagocytosis by normal human granulocytes and fresh serum. To determine the basis for susceptibility to phagocytosis in 20% of bacteremic K-1 E. coli, we investigated possible quantitative and qualitative immunochemical differences in the K-1 antigen content among resistant and sensitive isolates. We prepared extracts of blood culture K-1 E. coli by sonication and determined the K 1 polysaccharide content per dry weight of bacteria by rocket immunoelectrophoresis using cross-reactive equine anti-group B meningococcal sera. We assessed qualitative differences in the antigen content by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using an immune globulin fraction and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM from the group B antisera. Three different resistant K-1 isolates contained a mean K-1 content of 48.5 +/- 7.6 mug/mg +/- standard deviation of dry bacteria, and three sensitive isolates contained 23.2 +/- 5.6 mug/mg (P < 0.005). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of extracts from both sensitive and resistant strains revealed a secondary sialic acid-containing antigen that was electrophoretically different from both the major K-1 antigen and a reference group B meningococcal antigen. This negatively charged secondary antigen was susceptible to Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase degradation and reacted only with IgG whereas the major K-1 antigen reacted only with IgM. This antigen was detected in the extracts of resistant isolates only at 10(10) but not at 10(9) colony-forming units per milliliter. This study demonstrates that (i) the degree of phagocytosis of bacteremic E. coli K-1 isolates is inversely associated with K-1 content, and (ii) more easily phagocytosed (sensitive) K-1 isolates have greater amounts of an additional sialic acid-containing antigen that appears to be unrelated to the previously described O acetyl K-1 antigen. PMID- 7000703 TI - Independence of chicken major histocompatibility antigens and tumor-associated antigen on the surface of herpesvirus-induced lymphoma cells. AB - Capping of chicken major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens on normal thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood leukocytes was demonstrated, although MHC antigens appeared to be present on only 15 to 18% of normal thymus cells. MHC antigen capping also occurred on cells from a Marek's disease herpesvirus-induced transplantable lymphoma (MDCT-NYM1). Capping of a Marek's disease tumor associated surface antigen (MATSA) could be induced on MDCT-NYM1 lymphoma cells as well as on cells of two Marek's disease in vitro lymphoblastoid cell lines (MDCC-MSB1 and MDCC-LS1). Cocapping of MHC antigens and MATSA did not occur on MDCT-NYM1 lymphoma cells. The results suggest that MHC antigens and MATSA are not structurally associated on the cell membrane. PMID- 7000704 TI - Possible role of colonic content in the mucosal association of pathogenic shigella. AB - Association of Shigella flexneri to cecal membrances was studied by incubating the pathogen with cecal slices of germfree mice. The slices were first incubated with stool supernatants from germfree, shigella-monocontaminated, and conventional animals. Quantitation of shigellae in homogenates of treated slices revealed an increase of organisms only in those slices exposed to contaminated stool supernatants. PMID- 7000705 TI - Immune response in rabbits to surface components of extracellular and intracellular forms of vaccinia virus. AB - The development of cellular as well as humoral immune response to extracellular and intracellular forms of vaccinia virus (ECV and ICV, respectively) and their surface antigens were studied in rabbits. Direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity and peripheral blood leukocyte migration inhibition tests were used to measure cell mediated immune response, while neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were assayed for measuring humoral immune response. Direct cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from rabbits immunized with ECV or its surface proteins was demonstrable by day 7 after immunization, and by the end of week 3 it almost declined to pre-immunization levels. Inoculation with ICV or its surface proteins failed to induce lymphocyte cytotoxicity. In contrast, migration inhibition of peripheral blood leukocytes from rabbits immunized with ECV, ICV, or their surface proteins was observed with homologous antigens. However, leukocytes from rabbits immunized with ECV or its surface proteins also showed migration inhibition in the presence of ICV. Similarly, in the humoral immune response, neutralizing antibodies were produced against homologous as well as heterologous forms of virus despite immunization with purified preparations of ECV, ICV, or their surface proteins. Adsorption with purified ICV preparations abolished the neutralizing activity of these antisera against heterologous forms of virus. Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies, on the other hand, were produced only after immunization with ECV or its surface proteins. In addition, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was employed to detect specific antibody response after immunization of rabbits with live virus, ECV, and ICV. Antisera raised against ECV or live virus supported antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, whereas ICV-antiserum failed to do so. The antibody activity present in the former antisera was abolished by absorption with cell membranes from vaccinia-infected cells but not with purified ICV. The data suggest that immunization with inactivated ECV seems to bring about interaction between host immune response (cellular and humoral) and virus-infected cells, which may, perhaps, be necessary for protection against pox virus infection. A similar interaction is unlikely to occur after immunization with inactivated ICV. PMID- 7000706 TI - Chemical structure and inhalation toxicity of lipopolysaccharides from bacteria on cotton. AB - Lipopolysaccharides from different bacteria isolated from cotton were purified and chemically analyzed. Their pulmonary toxicity to animals was tested in inhalation tests. Lipopolysaccharides from Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas were shown to differ from the others in that they contained no heptose and no non hydroxylated fatty acids with a chain length of 12, 14, or 16 carbon atoms. Lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Klebsiella oxytoca were found to cause an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the airways. Lipopolysaccharides from Agrobacterium sp. and Xanthomonas sinensis caused no significant invasion. The data point to substances in both the lipid A part and the core part of the lipopolysaccharides being responsible for the capacity to induce leukocyte invasion into the airways. PMID- 7000707 TI - Interaction of Escherichia coli K88 antigen with porcine intestinal brush border membranes. AB - The fimbria-associated Escherichia coli antigen, K88, was purified to homogeneity as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. This polymeric antigen consists of noncovalently linked subunits, containing little or no carbohydrate, and has a monomeric molecular weight of 23,000. When a binding assay employing differential filtration was used, K88 formed complexes with isolated porcine intestinal brush border membranes. The formation of complexes was inhibited by glycoproteins with terminal N-acetylglucosamine and N acetylgalactosamine residues and to a lesser extent by free N-acetylhexosamines. These amino sugars may play a role in the interaction of this pathogenic strain of E. coli with the intestinal epithelia of pigs. PMID- 7000709 TI - Affinity purification and characterization of protease-susceptible antigen I of Streptococcus mutans. AB - An antigenic component (antigen I) of the cell surface of Streptococcus mutans has been purified from culture supernatants and shown to be immunologically identical to the protease-susceptible moiety of antigen I/II. Ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography failed to yield a physicochemically homogeneous product. Immunoasbsorbent chromatography on single and tandem columns containing immobilized antibodies to antigens I/II and II yielded identical products which were homogeneous in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and which when injected into rabbits induced monospecific antisera to antigen I. This antigen consisted of approximately 70% protein. Its molecular weight was estimated as 150,000, and the isoelectric point was estimated to be 5.1. Immunofluorescence microscopy using monospecific antiserum to antigen I showed that a similar antigen was present on cells of S. mutans serotypes a, c, d, e, f, and g, but not b. PMID- 7000708 TI - Attachment of Actinomyces naeslundii to human buccal epithelial cells. AB - A standardized assay was used to measure the attachment of Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104 to washed human buccal epithelial cells. Treatment of the A. naeslundii cells with hyaluronidases, wheat germ lipase, protease, trypsin, heat, or sonic oscillation significantly reduced their ability to attach to epithelial cells. Treatment of the epithelial cells with the above enzymes did not influence the attachment of A. naeslundii. Extraction of A. naeslundii with NaOH also significantly reduced the ability of the bacterium to attach to human buccal epithelial cells. The neutralized and dialyzed NaOH extract contained both carbohydrate and protein substances in a ratio of about 1:1. Adding this extract back to the extracted bacterial cells partially restored their ability to attach to epithelial cells. When the NaOH extract was preincubated with epithelial cells and residual extract was removed by washing, attachment of normal A. naeslundii was partially blocked. The ability of the extracted material to block attachment was significantly reduced when treated with hyaluronidases or with wheat germ lipase. Treatment with heat, protease, or trypsin did not significantly reduce the ability of the extracted materials to block attachment. Pretreatment of the epithelial cells with hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate also reduced subsequent attachment of normal A. naeslundii cells. Pretreatment of epithelial cells with dextrans, proteins, or unpure mannose did not influence subsequent attachment of A. naeslundii. Pretreatment of A. naeslundii with galactose and lactose significantly inhibited attachment to normal epithelial cells. The results suggest that the attachment of A. naeslundii to human buccal epithelial cells may involve mucopolysaccharides similar to hyaluronic acid on the surface of the bacterial cells. Other attachment mechanisms may also be operative. PMID- 7000710 TI - Mutagenicity of aerosols from the oxidative thermal decomposition of rigid polyurethane foam. AB - The aerosol fraction of the oxidative thermal decomposition products (700 degrees C) of rigid polyurethane foam was collected on glass fiber filters and fractionated into either-soluble neutral, acidic, and basic fractions and water soluble compounds. The fractions showed mutagenic activity in a bacterial fluctuation test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or Escherichia coli CM891 as the tester strains. All the fractions induced mutations in both strains after metabolic activation with rat liver S-9 mix. The basic and the water-soluble fractions were mutagenic for S. typhimurium TA 98 even without activation. Thin layer chromatography showed the presence of several primary aromatic amines in the aerosol. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected by glass capillary gas chromatogaphy. PMID- 7000711 TI - Hapten-specific blockade of CBA/N x C3H/HeN F1 B cell responses in a cell transfer system. AB - CBA/N mice harbor an X-linked B cell defect which is transmitted by CBA/N female mice to their hybrid male progeny. Hapten-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to haptenated proteins by B cell-defective CBA/N mice and CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 male mice can be blockaded by concomitant exposure to polysaccharide agents bearing the same hapten. Various experimental approaches were explored in an attempt to study this phenomenon in a syngeneic cell transfer system. Unprimed donor spleen cells were unable to mount adequate PFC responses to dinitrophenylated-hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) in irradiated, syngeneic recipients. DNP KLH-primed donor spleen cells produced strong PFC responses after challenge in irradiated recipients, and these secondary responses were subject to hapten specific blockade by DNP-derivatized polysaccharide agents. Both direct and indirect PFC responses could be blocked. DNP conjugated to bovine serum albumin also produced hapten-specific blockade in this cell transfer system. Under some cell transfer conditions normal CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 female spleen cells were just as susceptible to hapten-specific blockade as defective F1 male spleen cells. PMID- 7000712 TI - Cellular immunity induced by lung immunization of Fischer 344 rats. AB - This study describes immunologic response in lung-associated lymph nodes, spleen, cervical lymph nodes and lung lavage cells of rats immunized by intratracheal instillation of BCG-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) suspensions. At 4 through 17 days after immunization, the number of anti-SRBC IfM and IgG antibody-forming cells was significantly increased only in the lung-associated lymph nodes, indicating that these tissues retain the particulate antigen that was deposited in the lung. In contrast, cellular immunity was found initially in the spleen, with significant responses in the lungs and in the lung-associated lymph nodes on 13- 19 days after immunization. Our data indicated that the lung-associated lymph nodes are probably the initial site for the production of antigen-sensitive lymphocytes for both antibody and cellular immunity after lung immunization. Cells responsible for cellular immunity appear to migrate to the spleen, where further cell division take place. PMID- 7000713 TI - Effect of the properties of enzyme-antibody conjugates on the quantitation of serum antibodies to Escherichia coli 02 antigen by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Elisa. AB - Immunoglobulins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or to alkaline phosphatase (AP) were compared for determinations of antibodies to Escherichia coli 02 antigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). AP-IgG conjugates had a higher avidity for their antigen than HRP-IgG conjugates. The avidity of AP-IgG conjugates was higher than that of the native IgG fraction from which it was derived, whereas HRP-IgG conjugates had the same avidity as the native IgG fraction. The Elisa method was more sensitive when performed with AP IgG conjugates. However, differences in antibody titer between sera from convalescent and acutely ill patients with urinary tract infection caused by E. coli were detected with a higher degree of accuracy with the Elisa-HRP method than with the Elisa-AP method. The differences between Elisa-AP and Elisa-HRP are discussed in relation to the qualities of the conjugates. PMID- 7000714 TI - Antiplatelet agents and extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 7000715 TI - Impact of the artificial lung on medical care. AB - Mechanical systems to oxygenate blood outside of the body were first employed in clinical medicine as a component of the "heart-lung machine". The artificial lung has been an essential component of the technology underlying the progress of cardiovascular surgery since 1950. Its impact on clinical medicine can be measured by the widespread acceptance of cardiac surgery for the treatment first of congenital malformations, then valvular lesions, and more recently, coronary artery disease. Whereas the use of the artificial lung during temporary exclusion of the pulmonary circulation for surgical purposes is now well established, the chronic application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and end-stage resporatory failure is still controversial. Internally implantable lung prostheses are still at the conceptual or developmental stage, and are unlikely to impact on clinical medicine for another decade. PMID- 7000716 TI - The role of open-loop systems in the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 7000717 TI - Plasma levels and pharmacological effects of metoprolol administered as controlled release (Durules) and ordinary tablets in healthy volunteers. AB - The bioavailability, plasma levels and pharmacological effect of a daily dose of 0.2 g of metoprolol in Durules and in regular 0.1 g tablets have been studied in eight healthy volunteers during steady state conditions. Durules and two 0.1 g metoprolol tablets were given once daily, and one 0.1 g metoprolol tablet was given every 12th hour. The maximum concentration of metoprolol in plasma after Durules was about half of that after two regular tablets. When one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet was administered every 12th hour, an average maximum concentration slightly higher than for the Durules was recorded about one hour after the administration. The minimum concentration of metoprolol during the day was about twice as high after Durules as after the same dose in regular tablets. The dose corrected area under the plasma concentration vs time curve of Durules was 87 per cent of the b.i.d. regimen of metoprolol in regular tablets and about 75 per cent of two metoprolol 0.1 g tablets once daily. Metoprolol Durules maintained a more even effect on heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise during the day than the corresponding daily dose of metoprolol given as two metoprolol 0.1 g tablets once daily or as one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet every 12th hour. After maximum beta-blockade the effect declined by, on average, 0.60 per cent/hour for the Durules and 0.96 per cent for the regular tablet. The exercise heart rate before the morning dose was significantly lower during treatment with Durules and one metoprolol 0.1 g tablet b.i.d. than during the placebo period. The interaction of metoprolol with the effect of adrenaline (0.09 microgram x kg-1 x min-1, infused at 2, 3.5 and 5 hrs after metoprolol administration) on the diastolic blood pressure was more pronounced when two ordinary 0.1 g metoprolol tablets were administered once daily than for the corresponding dose in Durules, this probably reflecting a difference in degree of action of metoprolol on the vascular bed for Durules and regular metoprolol tablets in identical doses. PMID- 7000718 TI - Effects of digoxin on plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of digoxin have been studied on PRA of 11 hypertensive patients treated with a single oral administration of the glycoside or submitted to a prolonged treatment. The experiments performed with a single oral administration (0,5 mg) showed that digoxin induces a significant decrease of the hyperreninemic response induced by furosemide. This effect of digoxin develops very quickly and is well evident when plasma levels of the glycoside are still low. However, in the patients pretreated with a beta blocker, digoxin was completely ineffective in preventing the response to furosemide. In view of the results, the hypothesis is put forward that digoxin mainly acts at renal level through an antiadrenergic activity. PMID- 7000719 TI - [Intolerance to the products of wear of total hip prostheses. Anatomopathological and immunological study of 30 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000720 TI - Congenital anomalies of the head and neck. PMID- 7000721 TI - Interaction of immune and connective tissue cells. PMID- 7000722 TI - Multiple keratoacanthoma. PMID- 7000723 TI - How old is leprosy? PMID- 7000724 TI - [Lethal effect after transmutation of 33P incorporated into bacteriophage S 13 and mechanisms of DNA double helix rupture]. AB - The experiments show the lethal effect of the beta decay of 33P incorporated in DNA of bacteriophage S 13. The lethal efficiency is high, 0.72 at 0 degrees C and 0.55 at--197 degrees C. The presence of a radical scavenger like AET has no influence. It was found previously that for such phages with single-stranded DNA, the lethal efficiency of 32P decay is unity, and that the lethal event is a DNA single-strand break, owing to the high energy of the nucleogenic 32S atom. As the recoil energy of the 33S atom is too low to account for such a break, it is suggested that the reorganization of the phosphate molecule into sulphate is able to bring about a DNA single-strand break with an efficiency as high as 0.7, at 0 degrees C. A model for the DNA double-strand-break produced by a transmutation processes is suggested. PMID- 7000725 TI - Induction of resistance to X-rays in E. coli by toluene. PMID- 7000726 TI - Vitamins and alcoholism. IV. Thiamin. PMID- 7000727 TI - Growth characteristics and ultrastructure of human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. AB - The in vitro growth characteristics and morphology of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from adult donor eyes (15 to 100 years of age) have been studied. Although RPE cells are viable in culture for several months, only a fraction of the cells actually divide. Rapid cell proliferation and confluency of a culture occur from 10 to 30 days after seeding. The time for confluency is both age- and media-dependent; the number of cells that are potential dividers and contribute to confluency decreases with increasing donor age. Since melanolipofuscin granules do not form in vitro and are diluted by cell division, stationary (nondividing) cells can be distinguished from the dividing cells by the presence of dense clusters of melanolipofuscin granules in the stationary cells. Confluent cultures contain a monolayer of relatively clear polygonal cells with densely pigmented stationary cells scattered throughout. Stationary cells can often represent as much as 95% of the original RPE cell population. Ultrastructurally all cells appear epithelioid, with apical-basal polarity, junctional complexes, and cytoplasmic organization characteristic of RPE cells in vivo. Stationary cells are extremely large, with melanolipofuscin granules clustered around the nucleus. Melanolipofuscin is a unique marker for nondividing cells and may facilitate studies of the age-dependent loss of replicability of human RPE. PMID- 7000728 TI - L. L. Jacobson (1783-1843). PMID- 7000729 TI - New developments in antidepressant medication--a review. PMID- 7000730 TI - Double blind trial of trimebutine in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7000731 TI - A multiple-dose response study of clenbuterol in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7000732 TI - Prolonged survival of allogeneic mouse skin grafts following preservation. AB - Skin of C57BL mice was preserved in skin-graft fluid at 4 C for six weeks. The mean survival time of such skin grafted to BALB/c mice was 17.1 +/- 0.29 (SD) days. Control grafts transplanted immediately after removal from animals had a mean survival time of 11.5 +/- 0.32 days, whereas in a second control group, transplanted with C57BL skin preserved up to two weeks in serum-free medium, rejection occurred after 10.9 +/- 0.16 days. Some hypotheses on the mechanism of such graft prolongation are discussed. PMID- 7000733 TI - Successful repair of combined renal pedicle injury: a new application of the ex vivo "bench" technique. AB - A case of avulsion injury to the renal pedicle caused by blunt trauma in a 22 year-old man is reported. Mild peritoneal irritation, microscopic hematuria, a nonsecreting left kidney on intravenous pyelography, and an intimal tear of the left renal artery were demonstrated on renal angiography and suggested an injury to the pedicle of the left kidney. Explorative laparotomy revealed minor lacerations of the ileal mesentery and an intimal tear of the renal artery with complete transection of the renal pelvis in its intrarenal portion. The combined vascular and ureteral injuries were repaired by the ex vivo "bench" technique. The kidney was reimplanted into the left iliac fossa. Intravenous pyelography performed one month postoperatively revealed an immediate secretion of the left kidney. One year later the patient was normotensive, with good function of the reimplanted kidney. This is the first reported application of the ex vivo "bench" technique and autotransplantation of the kidney to the iliac fossa in a trauma case. PMID- 7000734 TI - Do hospital staff interfere with computer system implementation? AB - Sabotage of MCBIS by hospital staff endangers and disrupts the delivery of inpatient health care. Wide-spread interference, along with other implementation problems, cripples the ability of MCBIS to function properly and affects health care costs and quality of services. PMID- 7000736 TI - Biosynthesis of bicyclomycin. I. Appearance of aerial mycelia negative strains (am-). AB - The degeneration of bicyclomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces sapporonensis resulted in sharply depressed bicyclomycin formation in a large scale fermentation. Degenerated strains, whose productivities were only 1/30 to 1/100 of normal strains, could not form aerial mycelia on glucose-BENNETT's agar; they were aerial mycelia negative strains (am-). Repeated transfers of culture, treatment of mycelia with acriflavin, mechanical agitation shock on mycelia or higher growth conditions stimulated the degeneration of producing strains, suggesting the involvement of extrachromosomal elements or plasmids in biosynthesis of bicyclomycin. Shake flask fermentation inoculated with a mixture of a normal high-producing strain and a degenerated low-producing strain resulted in sharply depressed bicyclomycin formation in proportion to the increase of low producing strain added. It appears that the low-producing strain outgrew the high producing strain. PMID- 7000737 TI - A new many-purpose culture medium for chemotherapeutic and microbiologic studies. AB - A new semisynthetic culture medium was prepared and found to serve many useful purposes in chemotherapeutical research and also in diagnostic microbiology. It contains 0.5% peptone, 0.1% glucose and is supplemented with 10% 10% McIlvaine's buffer. The medium is pH-stable and, being almost colorless, it is suitable for turbidimetric studies and enzymatic experiments which involve color-changes. For in vitro chemotherapeutic experimental studies it is a useful medium and, in certain cases, it behaves like an almost antagonist-free medium. Used as broth or in agar-base, it supports the growth of all of the 280 clinically important strains studied, including aerobic bacteria, Candida and Trichophyton. It promotes the germ tube formation of C. albicans and C. stellatoidea. PMID- 7000738 TI - Early intermediates in the biosynthesis of ansamycins. III. Isolation and identification of further 8-deoxyansamycins of the rifamycin-type. AB - A number of minor compounds were isolated from fermentations of the protorifamycin I producing strain Nocardia mediterranei F 1/24(1,2)) and identified by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Two types of structures were identified: Type 1: modified protorifamycins (derived from protorifamycin I) Type 2: defective rifamycins (8-deoxyrifamycins). PMID- 7000735 TI - The three dimensional structure of the nucleolar channel system in the endometrial glandular cell: serial sectioning and high voltage electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7000739 TI - Have deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside antibiotics the same binding site on bacterial ribosomes? AB - (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin. PMID- 7000740 TI - A pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography study of Clostridium botulinum and related organisms. PMID- 7000741 TI - Ernst Chain and Paul Garrod. PMID- 7000742 TI - The in vitro efficacy of cefuroxime against Group B streptococci. PMID- 7000744 TI - Synergistic effects of L-azaserine on dibekacin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7000743 TI - Comparison of enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin compared with other methods. PMID- 7000745 TI - The effects of hormonal oral contraceptives on the female human periodontium and experimental animal models, a review of the literature. PMID- 7000746 TI - Differential effects of ethanol and hexanol on the Escherichia coli cell envelope. AB - Both ethanol and hexanol inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, but their effects on the organization and composition of the cell envelope were quite different. Hexanol (7.8 x 10(-3) mM) increased membrane fluidity, whereas ethanol (0.67 M) had little effect. During growth in the presence of ethanol, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased. The opposite change was induced by hexanol. Unlike hexanol, growth in the presence of ethanol resulted in the production of un-cross-linked peptidoglycan with subsequent lysis. Salt (0.3 M) protected cells against ethanol-induced lysis but potentiated growth inhibition by hexanol. Mutants isolated for resistance to ethanol-induced lysis synthesized cross-linked peptidoglycan during growth in the presence of ethanol but remained sensitive to hexanol. A general hypothesis was presented to explain the differential effects of ethanol and hexanol. All alcohols are viewed as similar in having both an apolar chain capable of interacting with hydrophobic environments and a hydroxyl function capable of hydrogen bonding. The differential effects of short-chain alcohols may represent effects due to the high molar concentrations of hydrogen bonding groups with an apolar end within the environment. These may replace bound water in some cases. With longer-chain alcohols such as hexanol, the effects of the acyl chain would dominate, and limitations of solubility and cellular integrity would mask these hydroxyl effects. PMID- 7000747 TI - Developmental regulation of laccase levels in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Asexual spores (conidia) of Aspergillus nidulans contain a dark green pigment which is not present in other cell types. Synthesis of this pigment is catalyzed, in part, by a developmentally controlled p-diphenol oxidase, or laccase, encoded at the gamma A genetic locus (A. J. Clutterbuck, J. Gen. Microbiol. 70:423-435, 1972). We have investigated the mechanisms regulating expression of the gamma A gene of A. nidulans. Vegetative hyphae grown in submerged culture lacked detectable laccase enzyme activity and neither contained nor synthesized immunoprecipitable laccase protein. When such cultures were induced to conidiate by harvesting the cells onto filter papers and aerating them, laccase levels began to increase after 10 to 16 h, reached a peak at 20 to 36 h, and then declined slowly. Immunological assays showed that increases in laccase enzyme activity were (i) proceded by a transient rise in the relative rate of laccase protein synthesis and (ii) closely paralleled by increases in the amount of laccase protein. Addition of cycloheximide to cultures at any time after inducing conidiation inhibited further accumulation of laccase enzyme activity. These data are most consistent with increases in laccase levels being due to regulated, de novo synthesis of laccase protein. Addition of inhibitors of ribonucleic acid synthesis to conidiating cultures also inhibited further accumulation of laccase, suggesting that laccase expression is regulated by alterations in the transcriptional activity of the gamma A locus. PMID- 7000748 TI - Escherichia coli K317, formerly used to define colicin group E2, produces colicin E7, is immune to colicin E2, and carries a bacteriophage-restricting conjugative plasmid. AB - Escherichia coli strain CL137, a K-12 derivative made E colicinogenic by contact with Fredericq's strain K317, was unaffected by colicin E2-P9, but K-12 carrying ColE2-P9 was sensitive to the E colicin made by strains CL137 and K317. This colicin we named E7-K317 because by the test of colicinogenic immunity it differed from colicins E1-K30, E2-P9, and E3-CA38 and from recently recognized colicins termed E4Horak, E5, and E6. Strain K317 as conjugational donor transmitted E7 colicinogeny; about half the E7-colicinogenic transconjugants were immune to colicin E2-P9. A spontaneous variant of CL137 retained E7 colicinogeny but was sensitive to E2 colicins. We attribute the E2 immunity of strain CL137 and some E7-coliconogeic transconjugants to a "colicin-immunity plasmid," ColE2imm-K317, from strain K317. Tra+ E7-colicinogenic transconjugants restricted phage BF23 in the same way as strains carrying ColIb-P9. We attribute Tra+ and restricting ability to a plasmid, pRES-K317, acquired from strain K317, and related to the ColI plasmids. PMID- 7000749 TI - Amber mutation affecting the length of Escherichia coli cells. AB - An amber mutation in a newly found gene (wee) of Escherichia coli has been isolated from strain OV-2, which harbors a temperature-sensitive suppressor. At 42 degrees C cells of the mutant, OV-25, increased in mass and deoxyribonucleic acid content and divided at normal rates, compared with the wild type under the same growth conditions. Total cell length increased under the restrictive conditions, although at a slightly lower rate. Values of mean cell length and cell volume, contrary to what would be expected from the increment in the rate of increase in particles, mass, and deoxyribonucleic acid, became at 42 degrees C smaller than those found in the wild type. A parallel increase in protein content per length and cell density and a loss of viability were found to occur after four generations at the restrictive temperature. The behavior of strain OV-25 in the absence of the wee gene product could be interpreted in terms of either a faulty regulation of the elongation processes or their abnormal coordination with the cell cycle. The genetic location of the wee gene has been found to be at 83.5 min on the E. coli genetic map. PMID- 7000750 TI - The gene for ribosomal protein S21, rpsU, maps close to dnaG at 66.5 min on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. AB - A series of mutations causing alterations in ribosomal protein S21 was mapped close to dnaG, around 66.5 min on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. They cotransduced about 95% with this marker. These mutations define gene rpsU, which is very likely the structural gene for protein S21. PMID- 7000751 TI - Size heterogeneity of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides in outer membranes and culture supernatant membrane fragments. AB - Enterobacteriaceae cells growing in liquid media shed fragments of their outer membranes. These fragments, which may constitute a biologically important form of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, have been reported to contain proteins, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In this study we compared the sizes of LPS molecules in shed membrane fragments and outer membranes from cells growing in broth cultures. Using conditional mutants of Salmonella typhimurium which incorporate specific sugars into LPS, we analyzed radiolabeled LPS by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique revealed that S. typhimurium LPS are more heterogeneous than previously known; molecules possessing from 0 to more than 30 O-chain repeat units were identified in outer membranes, supernatant fragments, and purified LPS. The size distributions of LPS molecules in outer membranes and supernatant fragments were similar; supernatant fragments appeared to be slightly enriched in molecules with long O-polysaccharide chains. Our results indicate the LPS molecules of many sizes are synthesized, translocated to outer membranes, and released into culture supernatants. Since the hydrophilic O-polysaccharides extend from bacterial surfaces into the aqueous environment, our findings suggest that the cell surface topography of this bacterium may be very irregular. We also speculate that heterogeneity in the degree of polymerization of O-antigenic side chains may influence the interactions of the toxic moiety of LPS (lipid A) with host constituents. PMID- 7000752 TI - Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli dnaA amber mutants. AB - Specialized transducing phage lambda (formula, see text) dnaA-2 was mutagenized, and two derivatives designated lambda (formula) dnaA17(Am) and lambda (formula) dnaA452(Am) were obtained. They did not transduce such mutations as dnaA46, dnaA167, and dnaA5 when an amber suppressor was absent, but they did so in the presence of an amber suppressor. By contrast, they transduced the dna-806 and tna 2 mutations in the absence of an active amber suppressor. The dna-806 and tna-2 mutations are known to be located very close to the dnaA gene, but in separate cistrons. When ultraviolet light-irradiated uvrB cells were infected with the derivative phages and proteins specified by them were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, a 50,000-dalton protein was found to be specifically missing if an amber suppressor was absent. This protein was synthesized when an amber suppressor was present. The dnaA17(Am) mutation on the transducing phage genome was then transferred by genetic recombination onto the chromosome of an Escherichia coli strain carrying a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor supF6(Ts), yielding a strain which was temperature sensitive for growth and deoxyribonucleic acid replication. The temperature-sensitive trait was suppressed by supD, supE, or supF. We conclude that, most likely, the derivative phages acquired amber mutations in the dnaA gene whose product is a 50,000-dalton protein as identified by gel electrophoretic analysis. PMID- 7000753 TI - Mutations in nif genes that cause Klebsiella pneumoniae to be derepressed for nitrogenase synthesis in the presence of ammonium. AB - Four Nif+ revertants from strains with polar insertions in nifL, were insensitive to ammonium and amino acid repression of nitrogenase synthesis. These strains have mutations located in or near the nifL region. The derepressed phenotype was dominant in a merodiploid containing a nif+ plasmid. These nif regulatory mutations also suppressed the Nif- phenotype of Gln- strains. Thus, regulation by fixed nitrogen (possible via glutamine synthetase) occurs on the nifLA operon but not on the other six nif operons. PMID- 7000754 TI - Photorepair of ultraviolet-induced petite mutational damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the product of the PHR1 gene. AB - A wild-type (phr+) diploid yeast strain showed photorepair of petite mutational damage, whereas a photoreactivation-deficient (phr1/phr1) diploid strain did not, indicating that the PHR1 gene product was required for mitochondrial photorepair. PMID- 7000755 TI - Transposed LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated normally. AB - The repression of beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, the LEU2 gene product, by leucine and leucine plus threonine was unaffected by the transposition of LEU2 from its original locus on chromosome III to a new locus within the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gene cluster on chromosome XII. Since the expression of the LEU2 gene is probably controlled at a pretranslational level, we conclude that the recombinant plasmid used for transformation carries regulatory information in addition to LEU2 structural information. PMID- 7000756 TI - dnaA alleles are recessive. AB - Dominance tests of several dnaA alleles from Escherichia coli, including two previously reported to be dominant, show that all of the mutant alleles examined are recessive to dnaA+. PMID- 7000757 TI - William H. Stein. PMID- 7000758 TI - Role of the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in initiation. I. Characterization of core enzyme open complexes. AB - Open complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase core enzyme with a poly[d(A-T)] poly[d(A-T)]template have been characterized and compared with the previously characterized holoenzyme open complexes on the same template (Hansen, U. M., and McClure, W. R. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5713-5717). The open complexes were monitored by the abortive initiation synthesis of the dinucleotide pApU, which is catalyzed by both enzymes. The major differences between the two complexes were: 1) the Michaelis constant for UTP was 60 times higher for core enzyme than for holoenzyme, 2) the intrinsic binding constant of core enzyme to the DNA was 3 orders of magnitude less than that of holoenzyme, and 3) cooperative binding of 2 core units was required for activity. Thus, the presence of the sigma subunit significantly altered the nature and extent of open complex formation. The rate of formation of the open complexes, however, was rapid for both enzymes. Rifampicin is shown to have a slight stimulatory effect on the extent of open complex formation of the core enzyme. PMID- 7000759 TI - Role of the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in initiation. II. Release of sigma from ternary complexes. AB - The sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was released from a transcribing polymerase-poly[d(A-T)]-poly[d(A-T)]-RNA complex when the nascent RNA reached a length of either eight or nine nucleotides. The dissociated sigma was separated from other reaction components by gel filtration, and was assayed using an activity assay previously described (Hansen, U. M., and McClure, W. R. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5713-5717). The extent of RNA synthesis was limited by incorporation of 3'-dATP into the RNA chains; a series of distributions of product lengths was achieved by varying the concentration of 3'-dATP. A correlation of the number of moles of dissociated sigma versus the number of moles of RNA products of varying lengths allowed the determination of the point of release of the sigma subunit. Models to explain the cause of sigma release are discussed. PMID- 7000760 TI - A DNA-binding protein with specificity for pur genes in Escherichia coli. AB - A DNA-binding protein was isolated from Escherichia coli using a procedure designed for selective enrichment of regulatory proteins. In this procedure, a multicopy bacterial plasmid carrying a purE operon was used to sequester and mobilize the putative regulatory protein for pur genes. Purification of the protein from a plasmid-enriched lysate was obtained by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, elution from the precipitate with high salt and fractionation by phosphocellulose, and AMP affinity chromatography. Analysis of DNA binding by nitrocellulose filter assays showed that binding of the protein required the presence of pur genes and was either ATP dependent for some genes (purE, purA) or GTP dependent for others (purF, purI). Plasmid DNA carrying the guaAB operon did not bind the protein. PMID- 7000761 TI - Glucose-induced acceleration of deoxyglucose transport in rat adipocytes. Evidence for a second barrier to sugar entry. AB - The transport of trace (a concentration much less than Km for transport) 2 deoxyglucose (deoxyglucose) and 3-O-methylglucose (methylglucose) into rat adipocytes was measured using 1- to 2-s pulses at 37 degrees C in the absence of glucose and in the presence of glucose with and without pre-exposure to glucose. Pre-exposure of insulin-stimulated adipocytes to 10 mM glucose for 30 min resulted in an acceleration of trace deoxyglucose transport above that seen in the absence of glucose. In contrast, when glucose was added together with deoxyglucose, an inhibition of transport was observed. There was no effect up to 5-min pre-exposure to 10 mM glucose, but acceleration appeared thereafter and reached a steady state by 30 min, i.e. a 3-fold higher transport rate than that seen when deoxyglucose and glucose were added together. Glucose (3.5 mM) appears to be a threshold concentration for this effect. A smaller effect was seen in the absence of insulin (1.5-fold) using 10 mM glucose and in the presence of insulin using 10 mM mannose (2.7-fold). No effect was seen using 10 mM galactose, fructose, pyruvate-lactate, deoxyglucose, and methylglucose. There was no effect of glucose pre-exposure on insulin-stimulated methylglucose transport. We propose that entry occurs across two independent barriers in series separated by an aqueous pore, that transport across the second barrier is more rate limiting for deoxyglucose than for methylglucose, and than metabolites of glucose decrease the resistance of the second barrier to deoxyglucose transport. PMID- 7000762 TI - Biosynthesis of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in vivo. AB - The biosynthesis of the HLA-A and -B antigens was studied in the B lymphoblastoid cell line BRI 8 and the Burkitt lymphoma line DAudi. The heavy chains of the HLA A and -B antigens were inserted asymmetrically into the rough endoplasmic reticulum of BRI 8 cells as transmembrane polypeptides. During the first 5 min after synthesis, the majority of the heavy chains became associated with beta 2 microglobulin. At this stage, the heavy chains carried a high mannose (core) oligosaccharide. Subsequent processing of the oligosaccharide unit occurred during the next 20 to 25 min, resulting in the conversion of the oligosaccharide from the high mannose to the complex form. About 30 to 40 min after synthesis, the mature antigens were expressed at the cell surface. Glycosylation was not required for asymmetric insertion, intracellular transport, or surface expression of the HLA-A and -B antigens. However, studies with Daudi cells indicated that combination with beta 2-microglobulin was necessary for subsequent processing and intracellular transport of the heavy chains after their synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7000763 TI - Regulation of gene transcription by estrogen and progesterone. Lack of hormonal effects on transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - Estrogen and progesterone markedly stimulate transcription of ovalbumin and conalbumin (transferrin) genes in chick oviduct as measured by hybridization of labeled RNA synthesized in isolated nuclei to immobilized plasmid DNA containing these gene sequences. Using this direct assay for specific gene transcription, we explored the basis of previous reports indicating that steroid hormones also cause changes in oviduct chromatin structure that can be detected by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. We observed no effect of these hormones on the ability of E. coli RNA polymerase to transcribe specifically the conalbumin and ovalbumin genes 8 1/2 h after hormone administration when transcription of these genes by endogenous RNA polymerase was elevated 5- and 30-fold, respectively. Furthermore, we were unable to detect any significant effect of either of these hormones on the total number of E. coli RNA polymerase binding sites in oviduct nuclei or chromatin. In contrast, after several days of hormone administration, we detected an apparent preferential ovalbumin RNA synthesis by E. coli RNA polymerase and this effect could be transferred to unstimulated nuclei by a 0.35 M salt extract of active nuclei. However, further experiments revealed that this preferential ovalbumin RNA synthesis is an artifact produced by transcription from contaminating ovalbumin mRNA. We conclude that E. coli RNA polymerase does not recognize steroid hormone-induced changes in oviduct chromatin. PMID- 7000764 TI - Insulin-induced loss of the insulin receptor in IM-9 lymphocytes. A biological process mediated through the insulin receptor. AB - Exposure of cultured lymphocytes of the IM-9 line to insulin results in a rapid, time-dependent reduction in the number of insulin receptors to a new steady state concentration. Both the rate of loss and the net loss of receptors were directly related to the ambient insulin concentration. The insulin-induced loss of receptors was mediated by binding of insulin to the receptor itself; insulins, which varied 200-fold in biopotency, produced receptor loss in direct proportion to the ability of each insulin to occupy the receptor. The residual insulin receptors were normal following insulin-mediated receptor loss by a variety of sensitive binding criteria. While insulin binding to its receptors was a necessary condition to induce receptor loss, it was not sufficient. Thus, reduction in the temperature of the preincubation from 37 degrees C to 20 degrees C (which enhanced the total amount of insulin bound to the receptor) abolished the loss of insulin receptors. Likewise, cycloheximide prevented the insulin induced loss of receptors. Furthermore, turkey erythrocytes, which lack active macromolecular synthesis, had no change in the concentration of insulin receptors when exposed to insulin for similar periods. Interestingly, the turkey erythrocytes, when exposed to insulin or to proinsulin, showed a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the affinity of the insulin receptor over a restricted part of the insulin-binding isotherm, which was reversed over a period of several hours following removal of hormone. The insulin-mediated decrease in receptor number on IM-9 lymphocytes was reversible. Following removal of insulin from the growth medium, about one-half of the receptors were restored within 10 h and the full complement of insulin receptors was restored within 24 h. Cycloheximide prevented restoration of the insulin receptor. PMID- 7000765 TI - Soluble nascent peptidoglycan in growing Escherichia coli cells. AB - Two homologous strains of Escherichia coli, one of which completely lacked the cell envelope Braun's lipoprotein, were compared with respect to their peptidoglycan synthesis and assembly. Both strains were auxotrophic for diaminopimelic acid and their uptake of radiolabeled diaminopimelic acid was comparable. Analysis of subcellular fractions obtained after mechanical disruption of the cells in a French pressure cell and sedimentation of the cell envelopes showed the existence of a soluble, chromatographically immobile macromolecular peptidoglycan. This labeled peptidoglycan contained a reduced degree of peptide side chain cross-linkages (19 mol % of labeled residues as compared to that present in the insoluble cell sacculus, 27 mol %). In addition, approximately 20% of its peptide side chains terminated in pentapeptide structures versus 1 to 4% in the sacculus. Furthermore, the soluble peptidoglycan of the parent strain also contained covalently bound lipoprotein (4.6%). Extraction of the cell envelope fraction with detergents afforded an additional amount of soluble peptidoglycan. This material was quite similar, in its degree of cross-linkage and amount of covalently bound lipoprotein, to the peptidoglycan present in the detergent-insoluble sacculus. These results indicate that peptidoglycan strands which are, in part, covalently linked to lipoprotein are late stage synthesis intermediates which subsequently become covalently attached to the preexisting sacculus. PMID- 7000766 TI - Incorporation of radioactive tubulin into microtubules at steady state. Experimental and theoretical analyses of diffusional and directional flux. AB - Subunit flux into porcine brain microtubules at steady state has been studied using both radioactive guanine nucleotide and a radioactive tubulin dimer, [3H]ethyltubulin, which is obtained by a reductive ethylation (Zeeberg, B., Cheek, J., and Caplow, M., (1980) Anal. Biochem. 104, 321--327). We have also determined the molecular rate constants for steady state dimer loss from and addition to the microtubule. This is the first study where the rate for flux of radioactive subunits at steady state has been correlated with the measured molecular rate constants. Also, we derive a theoretical analysis of the observed flux of subunits into a polymer at steady state in pulse and chase experiments; this is used to relate the flux and molecular rate constant to a steady state model. Analysis of our results shows that, at steady state, there is only a small difference in the number of assembly and disassembly events at a given microtubule end (as compared with the total number of events at both ends) in a unit of time; predominant opposite end assembly-disassembly (Margolis, R. L., and Wilson, L. (1978) Cell 13, 1--8) is, therefore, ruled out. The almost complete absence of opposite end assembly-disassembly in the steady state provides a means for very efficient regulation of the microtubule network in vivo, since a small modulation in the relative magnitudes of the molecular rate constants can increase the subunit flux dramatically. PMID- 7000767 TI - Immunological studies of yeast nuclear RNA polymerases at the subunit level. AB - Antisera were raised against native RNA polymerases A or B, as well as against each individual subunit of RNA polymerase A from the yeast Saccharmoyces cerevisiae. The affinity spectrum of antibodies was evaluated by reacting electrophoretically separated enzyme subunits, transferred to a membrane, with 125I-labeled immunoglobulins. Alternatively, the subunit . immunoglobulin complex was revealed by 125I-labeled Protein A. Antibodies directed against native RNA polymerase A recognized the majority of the polypeptides forming the enzyme. When challenged with RNA polymerases B or C, this antibody preparation demonstrated the presence of polypeptides common to the three enzymes. A small cross-reaction was also found at the level of the large subunits of Enzyme B as well as some additional polypeptides of Enzyme C. Similar experiments with antibodies directed against native RNA polymerase B confirmed the presence of common subunits and also showed that the large polypeptides of the three enzymes share a few immunological determinants. Common subunits are AC40, ABC27, ABC23, AC19, and ABC14.5. Immunologically related sites were conserved in the large subunits of RNA polymerase A from remote yeast species. Similarly, yeast and wheat germ RNA polymerase B share immunological determinants on the large subunit as well as on a small peptide. On the other hand, there was no significant cross-reaction between yeast and mammalian Enzyme B or Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Antibodies raised against the different polypeptide components of RNA polymerase A reacted specifically with the corresponding subunits. Inhibition studies with these subunit-specific antibodies showed that the common subunits are not always similarly exposed to antibody attack within the three enzymes. The data are discussed in terms of the structural similarity, organization and evolution of eukaryotic RNA polymerases. PMID- 7000768 TI - Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein B in rooster kidney, intestine, and liver. AB - After in vitro incubation with radiolabeled amino acids, extracts of various chicken tissues were screened for newly synthesized proteins reactive with antibody to plasma apolipoprotein B (apo B). An immunologically related protein was found in kidney as well as liver and intestine. This kidney protein showed the same mobility upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as plasma apo B or pulse-labeled apo B made by liver or intestine. Partial proteolysis mapping with porcine elastase or V8 protease revealed nearly identical partial cleavage maps of pulse-labeled apo B from kidney, intestine, and liver. These data show that the kidney is a site of apo B synthesis and suggest that the kidney may be a significant source of plasma lipoproteins. Apo B synthesis was also detected in the distal small intestine and colon as well as in the proximal small intestine. The relative rate of apo B synthesis was 5% of total protein synthesis in the duodenum and decreased progressively to about 1% of protein synthesis in the colon. The synthesis of apo B in the distal small intestine and colon may indicate a similar capacity for dietary fat absorption via lipoprotein particles in all intestinal regions. The large intestine may be an additional source of plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7000769 TI - Functional relationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation. A reassessment. AB - We have evaluated the interrelationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation in primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes. In this cell system, over 99% of insulin degradation is cell-mediated. Whereas the Km value of insulin degradation in disrupted cells is approximately 10(-7) M, the Km value of insulin degradation in intact cells increases with increasing concentrations of insulin and parallels the Kd value of total insulin binding at all insulin concentrations. The dose-response relationship for insulin action differs from that of insulin degradation and specific insulin binding. However, when the portion of specific insulin binding which is degraded insulin is subtracted, the dose-response relationship for the remaining "specific-intact" insulin bound correlates with that of insulin action. These data indicate that the interpretation of relationships between insulin action, binding, and degradation depends on the biological system and the fraction of insulin binding utilized for analysis. In addition, our data derived in primary cultures of hepatocytes suggest that high affinity insulin binding sites may mediate insulin action, that insulin binding is rate-limiting for insulin degradation, and that all insulin binding sites, including "nonspecific" sites, may mediate insulin degradation. PMID- 7000770 TI - DNA binding characteristics of lactose repressor and the trypsin-resistant core repressor. AB - The nonspecific DNA binding capacity of repressor protein has been assessed by boundary sedimentation of repressor and calf thymus DNA fragmented by shearing and by nitrocellulose ultrafiltration employing labeled lambdaplac DNA in the presence of inducer concentrations sufficient to insure dissociation of repressor from the operator region of the DNA. These methods gave values in good agreement with values previously reported in the literature. The association constants for the interaction of repressor with operator DNA fragments and lambdaplac DNA have been measured and found to differ by approximately 100-fold at low salt concentrations, but the difference decreases to 4-fold at salt concentrations near the physiological value. The equilibrium association constant for the repressor-operator DNA fragment is significantly less sensitive to salt concentration than the corresponding constant for lambdaplac DNA. Inducer decreases the salt concentration dependence of repressor-operator DNA fragment only slightly. Measurement of the association constants for the interaction of the trypsin-resistant core protein with operator DNA fragment and lambdaplac DNA indicate that the core protein binds to the two DNA's with the same affinity. This result contrasts with the differential affinity of intact repressor for these two DNA's. In addition, the core protein association constants for operator DNA fragment and lambdaplac DNA display minimal dependence on the salt concentration. These results suggest a role for nonionic interactions in the binding of core protein to operator DNA. PMID- 7000771 TI - Equilibrium binding of inducer to lac repressor.operator DNA complex. AB - The characteristics of inducer binding to lactose repressor protein in the presence of a small (29 base pair) operator DNA fragment have been examined. The presence of operator DNA fragments decreases the affinity of the protein for inducer molecules. The maximum change observed is a 20-fold increase in the concentration of inducer necessary for half-saturation of the protein. The non linearity of the Scatchard type plots and slopes of the Hill plots of the binding data indicate that inducer binding exhibits cooperative behavior in the presence of operator DNA fragments, while free repressor binds inducer in a noncooperative fashion. The experimental data for the binding of inducer to repressor both in the presence and absence of saturating amounts of operator DNA fragments were compared to curves predicted by several different models. Using the limits placed by the measured values for repressor-operator DNA-inducer interaction, it was possible to discriminate between the various models. The models which accurately predicted the inducer binding curves and conformed to the measured values for the other parameters were Monod-Wyman-Changeux and Koshland type models with the following features: 1) positive cooperativity in the binding of inducer to the repressor . operator DNA complex; 2) two sites for the binding of the operator DNA fragment to repressor protein; 3) effect of binding of each operator DNA fragment on all four subunits of the repressor. These models are consistent with all of the available data, and they indicate that the binding of the first two inducer molecules accounts for greater than or equal to 60% of the difference in affinities between free and induced repressor for operator DNA; in vivo this difference should be sufficient for induction to occur. PMID- 7000772 TI - Kinetic studies of inducer binding to lac repressor.operator complex. AB - The rates of binding of inducer molecules to the lactose repressor protein are significantly affected by the presence of bound operator DNA fragments. The association rate is decreased from 4.6 x 10(4) M-1S-1 to 1.0 x 10(4) M-1S-1 by the presence of saturating amounts of operator DNA fragments. The inducer dissociation rate was measured by dilution of repressor . operator . inducer complexes and by displacement of the sugar molecule from repressor by the binding of operator DNA. The value for the dissociation rate in the presence of bound DNA was 0.8 S-1; this is 4-fold greater than the inducer dissociation rate measured in the absence of operator. These kinetic results suggest that repressor should exhibit a 20-fold lower affinity for inducer when operator DNA fragments are bound; this prediction is in agreement with previous equilibrium measurements. Measurement of the rate of operator fragment dissociation from repressor using a nitrocellulose filter assay yields a value of 0.04 S-1 in the absence of inducer; this dissociation rate is too rapid to measure in the presence of bound inducer molecules. Calculations assuming that the DNA-protein association rate is unaffected by sugar binding suggest that the rate of dissociation of DNA from repressor containing 4 bound inducer molecules may be as high as 40 S-1. Determination of the apparent association rate for inducer binding to operator DNA fragments indicates that DNA molecules do dissociate from the protein . operator . inducer complex at intermediate stages during the sugar binding reaction. The exact point at which dissociation occurs at a complex function of the concentrations of operator and inducer and the relationship between the rates for sugar binding and for operator fragment dissociation which are comparable for some of the protein species. PMID- 7000773 TI - Hybrid tetramers of native and core lactose repressor protein. Assessment of operator and nonspecific DNA binding parameters and their relationship. AB - Hybrid tetramers of lac repressor and its trypsin-resistant core protein were produced by mild proteolytic digestion and isolated by chromatography on phosphocellulose. These tetramers were used in binding studies to probe the relationship of the NH2 terminus and core domains in operator DNA binding and to explore subunit participation in both operator and nonspecific DNA binding. The purity of each tetramer was demonstrated by several lines of evidence, including physical characterization and measurement of the binding activities of the hybrid tetramer preparations. Each tetramer displayed measurable operator binding activity, and the dissociation constants of the tetramers for lambdaplac DNA and a 29 base operator fragment increase with the loss of each NH2 terminus. These studies strongly suggest that each NH2 terminus of the repressor interacts with the operator DNA, although the four NH2 termini do not appear to make equal contacts. The contributions of the NH2 terminus to operator binding do no appear to be identical with those for nonspecific DNA binding. In addition, the binding of the NH2 termini to nonspecific DNA can be described by postulating four identical, noninteracting sites. Although the rate of dissociation of the repressor-operator is increased by a factor of 2 upon removal of each NH2 terminus, calculations using the measured dissociation rate and equilibrium dissociation constant indicate that the rate of association of repressor to operator is decreased approximately 5-fold. These data suggest that the contacts made by the NH2 termini may greatly facilitate association with DNA. Competition studies of nonspecific DNA with operator DNA binding confirm the existence of two operator DNA binding sites on each tetramer and suggest that the contacts of a single NH2 terminus are not identical for the two operator binding sites. PMID- 7000775 TI - Differential reactivity of the functional sulfhydryl groups of cysteine-32 and cysteine-35 present in the reduced form of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli. AB - Only one of the sulfhydryl groups from Cys-32 and Cys-35 in the active center of native Escherichia coli thioredoxin-(SH)2 was alkylated by excess iodoacetic acid at pH values below 8.0. Both groups reacted in the protein denatured with 4.5 M guanidine hydrochloride. The second order rate of alkylation of thioredoxin-(SH)2 with 1 eq of iodoacetic acid was pH-dependent and showed independent initial reactions of one thiolate ion with a pK value of 6.7 and a second with a pK value close to 9.0. The same pH dependence was observed for alkylation with iodoacetamide but the apparent rate constant, 107 M-1 S-1 at pH 7.2, was about 20 fold higher than the corresponding rate with iodoacetate. The sulfhydryl group with a pK value of 6.7 was shown to belong to Cys-32 by labeling thioredoxin with [14C]iodoacetic acid followed by complete alkylation with [3H]iodoacetate and amino acid sequence analysis of peptides from the active center. The abnormally low pK value of Cys-32 is suggested to arise by electrostatic influence from a positive charge on the amino group of Lys-36. A mechanism of action for thioredoxin-(SH)2 as a protein disulfide reductase has been formulated. This is based on an initial nucleophilic attack by the thiolate of Cys-32 with the formation of an unstable transient mixed disulfide involving Cys-32 and one of the sulfurs in the substrate. This is followed by a conformational change and a nucleophilic attack of Cys-35 to give the 14-membered disulfide ring in thioredoxin-S2 and the dithiol of the substrate. PMID- 7000774 TI - Metabolism of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in man. AB - Labeled and unlabeled prostacyclin and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were infused into healthy volunteers; urine was chromatographed on different systems including high pressure liquid chromatography. The peaks obtained by the latter method were derivatized to the methoxime methyl ester trimethyl silyl ether and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. After infusion of prostacyclin the following metabolites could be identified: dinor-4-keto-7,9,13-trihydroxy-prosta 11,12-enoic acid (20.5%), dinor-4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-prostanoic acid (6.8%), dinor-4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-prostan-1,18-dioic acid (19.7%), and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (14.2%), the in vitro hydrolysis product of prostacylin. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha infusion resulted in the same metabolites with the relative amounts of 22.4, 5.4, 7.0, and 6.8%, respectively. Additionally, 6,15-diketo,13,14-dihydro-PGF1 alpha (5.7%) could be identified. These data show that the metabolic pathway of prostacyclin involves hydrolysis to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, subsequent beta-oxidation, dehydrogenation at C-15, reduction of the double bond between C 13 and C14, and omega-oxidation to the dicarboxyl metabolite. We conclude that dinor-4-keto-7,9,13-trihydroxy-prosta-11,12-enoic acid and dinor-4,13-diketo-7,9 dihydroxy-prostan-1,18-dioic acid represent the major urinary metabolites of prostacyclin in man. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha is a minor urinary excretory product following the administration of prostacyclin or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. PMID- 7000776 TI - Isolation and characterization of the C and D proteins coded by gene IX and gene VI in the filamentous bacteriophage fl and fd. AB - The C and D proteins from bacteriophage fd and fl have been purified and characterized. Since the DNA sequence is known, the amino acid composition of these purified proteins indicated that they are coded for by the phage, the C protein being the product of Gene IX and the D protein specified by Gene VI. The molecular weights of the C and D proteins were calculated from the DNA sequences to be 3,650 and 12,350, respectively. These values are close to the molecular weights observed after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Since the C and D proteins can be selectively labeled with radioactive cysteine and arginine, it was possible to estimate the number of the C and D protein molecules relative to the number of A protein molecules which had been accurately determined in previous studies. Based on these results, the average phage particle contains 5 A, 5 D, and 10 C protein molecules. PMID- 7000777 TI - Reconstitution of D-glucose transport activity from cytoplasmic membranes. Evidence against recruitment of cytoplasmic membrane transporters into the plasma membrane as the sole action of insulin. PMID- 7000778 TI - Kinetic investigation of the mechanism of RNA polymerase binding to mutant lac promoters. AB - The initial rates of functional complex formation between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and a family of mutant lac promoters have been determined as a function of the independently varied concentration of both components. The initial rates are first order in polymerase and zero order in promoter concentration even under conditions of polymerase excess. These data suggest that the promoter site competes with nonspecific sites for formation of an unstable complex with RNA polymerase. Whether or not a final complex is formed depends on the probability of occurrence of a conformational conversion during the lifetime of this intermediate. An important role of DNA sequence in modulating promoter binding rates is suggested: sequence changes which provide additional contacts to polymerase stabilize the intermediate and thus accelerate the rate of functional complex formation. PMID- 7000779 TI - Photochemical cross-linking of initiation factor-3 to Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunits. AB - Initiation factor-3 has been photochemically cross-linked to Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunits by means of near-ultraviolet (> 285 nm) irradiation. The cross-linking was judged to be specific since noncovalent binding was required for subsequent cross-linking and was prevented by the presence of 0.5 M NH4Cl or 0.5 mM aurintricarboxylic acid. Covalent attachment reached its maximum level of 8.5 to 11% of the noncovalently bound IF-3 after 60 min of irradation. Cross linking was unaffected by the presence of the photosensitizer, acetone (5 or 10%), but was reduced to 30 to 40% of its maximum level by addition of 5 mM dithiothreitol, a free radical scavenger. Analysis of the 14C-labeled IF-3 x 30 S subunit covalent complex revealed that the IF-3 was distributed between the protein and RNA of the subunits in a 3:1 ratio. The target proteins have been identified as S7, S11, S12, S18, and S21 by immunochemical techniques. PMID- 7000780 TI - Repair of alkylated DNA in Escherichia coli. Methyl group transfer from O6 methylguanine to a protein cysteine residue. AB - O6-Methylguanine residues disappear from alkylated DNA by an inducible repair process in Escherichia coli. The reaction can be studied in a cell-free system, using DNA treated with a radioactive methylating agent as substrate. The disappearance of labeled O6-methylguanine from DNA is not accompanied by release of radioactive material in an acid-soluble form. Instead, the methyl group of O6 methylguanine appears to be transferred enzymatically to a protein cysteine residue. Radioactively labeled S-methylcysteine has been identified in protein hydrolysates after incubation of the alkylated DNA with a partly purified E. coli methyltransferase activity. The radioactive amino acid residue shows properties identical with those of S-methylcysteine by automatic amino acid analysis and paper chromatography in several solvent systems. Moreover, oxidation of the compound with hydrogen peroxide yields a product which co-chromatographs with S methylcysteine sulfone. PMID- 7000781 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of the lactose transport system from Escherichia coli. AB - The lactose transport system from Escherichia coli was solubilized with octylglucoside and reconstituted into liposomes by an octylglucoside dilution procedure. The reconstituted proteoliposomes exhibited lactose counterflow and membrane potential-driven lactose transport. PMID- 7000782 TI - ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 by diphtheria toxin. Isolation and properties of the novel ribosyl-amino acid and its hydrolysis products. AB - We have isolated the novel amino acid, amino acid X, in elongation factor 2 (EF 2) which is ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin (Robinson, E. A., Hendriksen, O., and Maxwell, E. S. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5088-5093). The pure ribosyl-amino acid was obtained in milligram quantities following sequential enzymatic degradation of yeast ADP-ribosyl-EF-2 (Van Ness, B. G., Howard, J. B., and Bodley, J. W. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8687-8690) with an overall yield of 30 to 60%. In the course of acid hydrolysis, the ribosyl-amino acid was converted first to an intermediate compound which did not contain ribose. Further acid hydrolysis converted the intermediate to amino acid X and ammonia. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ribosyl-amino acid produced a different intermediate which contained ribose. We have isolated the two hydrolysis intermediates and on the basis of the properties of all four compounds we conclude that the ribosyl-amino acid contains an amido function which is not involved in a glycosidic linkage and a net positive charge of 2 at acid pH. We believe that the amino acid amide occurs in EF-2 and for this compound we propose the trivial name diphthamide. Acid hydrolysis of diphthamide yields amino acid X for which we propose the trivial name diphthine. PMID- 7000784 TI - Analysis of RNA polymerase by trypsin cleavage. Evidence for a specific association between subunits sigma and beta involved in the closed to open complex transition. AB - We have analyzed subunit interactions of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by measuring the rate of cleavage of each subunit by trypsin. We have modified a standard sodium dodecyl sulfate gel technique to include sodium tetradecyl sulfate, which results in a large separation of the beta and beta' subunits. A comparison of enzyme lacking the sigma subunit (core) with holoenzyme reveals that the presence of sigma does not alter the cleavage rates of alpha or beta, but it dramatically slows the initial cleavage of beta. Simple addition of purified sigma to core results in reconstitution of holoenzyme as measured both by glycerol gradient sedimentation and protection of beta from trypsin cleavage. However, Mg2+ is required for the beta protection but not for the binding of sigma to core. Although the enzyme reconstituted in the absence of Mg2+ and lacking the sigma-beta association is similar to holoenzyme with respect to promoter binding, it catalyzes the transition from closed to open complexes much more slowly than does enzyme reconstituted in the presence of Mg2+. Thus, the specific association between beta and sigma may be involved in the DNA melting phase of the RNA polymerase-DNA interaction. We have also examined the effects of the polyanion heparin, an RNA polymerase initiation inhibitor, on the rates of trypsin cleavage of holoenzyme subunits. Again, subunits alpha and beta' were unaffected, but heparin increased the cleavage rate of beta such that the rate was indistinguishable from the beta cleavage rate of core enzyme. Since heparin did not cause the release of sigma as measured by glycerol gradient analysis, the inhibitor may simply disrupt the sigma-beta association. PMID- 7000783 TI - Adenylate degradation in Escherichia coli. The role of AMP nucleosidase and properties of the purified enzyme. AB - Extracts of Escherichia coli K12 degrade AMP to hypoxanthine, adenine, adenosine, and inosine. Degradation experiments with mutants which lack purine nucleoside phosphorylase or both purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase demonstrate that hypoxanthine formation is dependent on purine nucleoside phosphorylase. These findings are consistent with an absence of adenine deaminase activity in E. coli. Adenine is formed from AMP in extracts of the E. coli mutants as well as the wild type cells. This activity is due to AMP nucleosidase. Purified, homogeneous AMP nucleosidase gives a subunit Mr = 52,000 on denaturing gel electrophoresis and an oligomer molecular weight of approximately 280,000 by comparative gel filtration. Kinetic studies with this enzyme give cooperative initial rate curves with AMP as substrate, with MgATP2- as an activator, and with Pi as an inhibitor. Phosphate inhibition is competitive with McATP2- (Ki = 0.2 mM) and reverses the activation by MgATP2-. In the absence of MgATP2-, the apparent S0.5 for AMP is 15 mM and decreases to 90 microM at saturating MgATP2-. The maximum rate of AMP hydrolysis is not affected by MgATP2-. Kinetics of MgATP2 activation give a constant for half-maximum activation varying from 120 microM in the presence of low AMP to approximately 2 microM when AMP is present at near saturation. Formycin 5'-PO4 is a powerful competitive inhibitor with respect to AMP, giving a Kis of 72 nM and a Km/Kis ratio of 1,200. Adenylate degradation experiments indicate that AMP nucleosidase is the major enzyme of AMP catabolism in E. coli. The kinetic properties of the purified enzyme indicate that regulation occurs by the intracellular MgATP2- /Pi ratio and the concentration of AMP. PMID- 7000785 TI - Closed intramedullary bone-grafting and nailing of segmental defects of the femur. A report of three cases. PMID- 7000786 TI - Current concepts review. The surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. PMID- 7000787 TI - Treatment of non-unions of fractures of the tibial diaphysis by posterolateral cortical cancellous bone-grafting. AB - A series of forty-four consecutive tibial diaphyseal fractures with non-unions were treated over a thirteen-year period (1965 to 1978). The majority of these injuries were complicated by severe soft-tissue damage, segmental bone loss, or infection, and multiple previous operative attempts had been made to obtain union. Cortical cancellous bone grafts were inserted posterolaterally and union was obtained in all but one fracture. Two bone-grafting procedures each were needed in three patients. Good to excellent functional results were obtained in forty-three of the forty-four involved extremities. PMID- 7000788 TI - Autogenous cortical bone grafts in the reconstruction of segmental skeletal defects. AB - The results of using segmental cortical autogenous bone grafts to reconstruct defects created by resection of tumors were analyzed in forty patients. Thirty three patients had dual grafts while seven had a single fibular graft. Dual grafts were used for major bones (humerus, femur, and tibia without fibula) while single grafts were used for the radius and for the tibia when the ipsilateral fibula was intact. Thirty patients had good or excellent results; seven, fair; and three, poor results. In twenty-five patients primary union was achieved within tweleve months and in two, in twenty months, while twelve patients required a second, supplementary cancellous graft at the site of non-union to obtain stability. One patient required removal of an infected graft and had a poor result. Stress fractures of the grafts occurred in eighteen of the forty patients after union had occurred. The stress fractures healed in fifteen of these patients: in six with no treatment (the fracture was identified retrospectively), in seven with external immobilization, and in two after bone grafting of the ununited fracture. There were three persistent non-unions of stress fractures despite bone-grafting, internal fixation, and electrical stimulation, and these account for two of the three poor results. The length of the defect did not affect the incidence of non-union but it did affect the number of fatigue fractures. The shorter grafts (7.5 to twelve centimeters) were associated with a 33 per cent incidence of non-union (four non-unions of twelve grafts) while the longer grafts (twelve to twenty-five centimeters) had a 32 per cent rate of non-union (nine non-unions of twenty-eight grafts). The incidence of fatigue fractures in the longer grafts (58 per cent) was much greater than that in the shorter grafts (17 per cent). The grafts decreased in density during the first six months but gradually regained their mass and were generally comparable to normal cortical bone at two years. As the patients became functiona, most (55 per cent) of the the grafts became more dense than normal, some (34 per cent) remained the same, and a few (11 per cent) became less dense. Similarly, some (32 per cent) hypertrophied, most (58 per cent) remained the same size, and a few (9 per cent) atrophied. There was little morbidity (three of forty patients) associated with graft procurement. In twelve patients an additional graft was implanted experimentally, labeled with tetracycline, and subsequently removed at the time of a secondary procedure. These grafts were analyzed to determine if human grafts were repaired in the same fashion as grafts in experimental animals. The studies showed that human grafts are repaired in the same fashion, but that the sequence takes approximately twice as long as it does in the dog. PMID- 7000789 TI - Carpal-tunnel syndrome. Results of a prospective trial of steroid injection and splinting. AB - In order to define the role of steroid injection and splinting as a method of treatment of carpal-tunnel syndrome, a prospective study was performed on fifty hands in forty-one consecutive patients. All hands were treated with a single injection and three weeks of splinting. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of six months to a maximum of twenty-six months, with a mean of eighteen months. All hands had characteristic symptoms of median-nerve compression at the wrist and increased distal median motor latencies. Eleven (22 percent) of fifty hands were completely free of symptoms at the end of the follow-up period. Hands that initially had mild symptoms and findings of less than one year's duration, normal sensibility, normal thenar strength and mass, and one to two-millisecond prolongations of either distal median motor or sensory latencies had the most satisfactory responses to injections and splinting. Hands with severe symptoms of more than one year's duration and findings of atrophy, weakness, and distal motor latencies of more than six milliseconds or absent sensory responses had the poorest response to injections and experienced a high rate of relapse. PMID- 7000790 TI - Harold Ray Bohlman, M.D. 1893-1979. PMID- 7000791 TI - Immunological enhancement induced by gastrointestinal immunization of mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide. AB - The present study suggests that pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide (CPA) not only suppresses the intestinal immune response to malignant ascites cells but alters the character of the response. Non-treated animals were sensitized by intestinal immunization while CPA-treated animals showed enhanced tumour growth. Sera from enhanced mice contained factors which at the tumor cell membrane were able to interfere with the binding of antibodies detectable by immunofluorescence technique. These factors might be immunoglobins with similarities to IgG, but bound to antigen they were undetectable by the fluorescence method. Enhanced mice were found to be immunologically hyporesponsive to the challenging tumor graft as evidenced by a delay in the immune response to the graft. PMID- 7000792 TI - A permeabilized cell model for studying cytokinesis using mammalian tissue culture cells. AB - PtK1 cells lysed late in cell division in a medium containing the nonionic detergent Brij 58 and polyethylene glycol with continue to undergo cleavage after lysis. Maintenance of cleavage after lysis is dependent on the composition of the lysis medium; the pH must be around neutrality, MgATP must be present, and the free Ca++ concentration should be 1 microM for optimal constriction to occur. Cleavage can be stopped and reinitiated by raising and lowering the Ca++ levels in the lysis medium. Cleavage in the permeabilized cell is blocked by addition of phalloidin, cytochalasin B, and N-ethylmaleimide-modified myosin subfragment-1 to the lysis medium. This represents the first cell model system for studying cleavage since the pioneering studies of Hoffman-Berling in 1954. PMID- 7000793 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases on the mitotic apparatus of cultured cells. AB - Cyclic nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases have been implicated in the regulation of cell motility and division, processes that depend on the cell cytoskeleton. To determine whether cyclic nucleotides or their kinases are physically associated with the cytoskeleton during cell division, fluorescently labeled antibodies directed against cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and the cyclic nucleotide-dpendent protein kinases were used to localize these molecules in mitotic PtK1 cells. Both the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and the type II regulatory subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were localized on the mitotic spindle. Throughout mitosis, their distribution closely resembled that of tubulin. Antibodies to cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and the type I regulatory and catalytic subunits of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase did not label the mitotic apparatus. The association between specific components of the cyclic neucleotide system and the mitotic spindle suggests that cyclic nucleotide dependent phosphorylation of spindle proteins, such as those of microtubules, may play a fundamental role in the regulation of spindle assembly and chromosome motion. PMID- 7000794 TI - Brain postsynaptic densities: the relationship to glial and neuronal filaments. AB - Preparations of isolated brain postsynaptic densities (PSDs) contain a characteristic set of proteins among which the most prominent has a molecular weight of approximately 50,000. Following the suggestion that this major PSD protein might be related to a similarly sized component of neurofilaments (F. Blomberg et al., 1977, J. Cell Biol., 74:214-225), we searched for evidence of neurofilament proteins among the PSD polypeptides. This was done with a novel technique for detecting protein antigens in SDS-polyacrylamide gels (immunoblotting) and an antiserum that was selective for neurofilaments in immunohistochemical tests. As a control, an antiserum against glial filament protein (GFAP) was used because antisera against GFAP stain only glial cells in immunohistochemical tests. They would, therefore, not be expected to react with PSDs that occur only in neurons. The results of these experiments suggested that PSDs contain both neuronal and also glial filament proteins at higher concentrations than either synaptic plasma membranes, myelin, or myelinated axons. However, immunoperoxidase staining of histological sections with the same two antisera gave contradictory results, indicating that PSDs in intact brain tissue contain neither neuronal or glial filament proteins. This suggested that the intermediate filament proteins present in isolated PSD preparations were contaminants. To test this possibility, the proteins of isolated brain intermediate filaments were labeled with 125I and added to brain tissue at the start of a subcellular fractionation schedule. The results of this experiment confirmed that both neuronal and glial filament proteins stick selectively to PSDs during the isolation procedure. The stickiness of PSDs for brain cytoplasmic proteins indicates that biochemical analysis of subcellular fractions is insufficient to establish a given protein as a synaptic junctional component. An immunohistochemical localization of PSDs in intact tissue, which has now been achieved for tubulin, phosphoprotein I, and calmodulin, appears to be an essential accessory item of evidence. Our findings also corroborate recent evidence which suggests that isolated preparations of brain intermediate filaments contain both neuronal and glial filaments. PMID- 7000795 TI - Continuous culture of rat C6 glioma in serum-free medium. AB - In this communication we describe serum-free culture conditions for the serial propagation of the C6 glioma cell line. The growth rate, saturation density, and morphology of these cells are equivalent to those of their serum-grown counterparts when cultured in a 3:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's medium F-12 supplemented with trace elements, insulin, transferrin, fibroblast growth factor, linoleic acid complexed to fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin, and a serum-spreading factor (SSF) partially purified from human plasma. The requirement for SSF in the medium can be satisfied by preincubating the tissue culture dishes with SSF. Tissue culture dishes sequentially pretreated with poly-D-lysine and purified cold insouluble globulin will also substitute for this requirement. The fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin/linoleic acid complex increases the growth rate of these cells but has no appreciable effect on their morphology, saturation density, or ability to grow with repeated subculture. The growth stimulation caused by this complex appears to be dependent on the fatty acid, as the fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin alone has no effect on the growth rate. Linoleic acid is cytotoxic in the absence of bovine serum albumin, and the fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin prevents this toxicity. Other fatty acids including oleic, arachidonic, and palmitic only partially substitute for the growth-promoting effect of linoleic acid. PMID- 7000796 TI - A membrane component essential for vectorial translocation of nascent proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum: requirements for its extraction and reassociation with the membrane. AB - Previous reports have shown that rough microsomes treated with high salt (Warren and Dobberstein, 1978, Nature, 273:569-571) or proteases (Walter et al., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, U. S. A., 76:1,795) are unable to vectorially translocate nascent proteins. Readdition of the high salt or protease extracts restored activity to such inactive rough microsomes. A detailed study was carried out to determine how this factor interacts with the rough microsomal membrane. Proteolytic cleavage was found to be necessary but not sufficient to remove this factor from the membrane. A subsequent treatment with high salt had to be carried out. Endogenous (pancreatic) protease could effect the required cleavage, but low levels of trypsin, clostripain, or elastase were far more efficient. Several proteases were not effective. The minimum level of salt (after proteolysis) required to solubilize the active factor was approximately 200 mM KCl. Salt extracts prepared by treatment with one of the effective proteases were capable of restoring activity to inactive microsomes produced by treatment with one of the others. PMID- 7000797 TI - Inhibition of proliferation of cloudman S91 melanoma cells by insulin and characterization of some insulin-resistant variants. AB - Insulin is a potent, reversible inhibitor of proliferation in Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells. The inhibition seems to be unique to the Cloudman line since five other cell lines, including the mouse B16 and hamster Greene melanomas, were unaffected by insulin under the same culture conditions. Variants of Cloudman S91 cells were isolated which differed from wild-type (WT) cells in their response to insulin. Most of these variants were resistant to insulin (INSres) and had the same generation time independent of the presence of the hormone. One line (INSdep) was found to require insulin for growth. This line was about 15 times more sensitive to the proliferative effects of insulin than the WT. Revertants of the INSdep line were selected for their ability to proliferate in the absence of insulin. Five out of five such revertants were insulin resistant, suggesting that the INSdep line arose as a results of at least two separate mutations. Both WT and INSdep cells showed enhanced uptake of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) when exposed to insulin. Dose-response curves of the stimulation of AIB uptake in WT and INSdep cells were superimposable. Stimulation of AIB uptake and stimulation of proliferation by insulin were not under coordinate control since AIB uptake was increased equally in the wild-type cells when proliferation was inhibited and in INSdep cells when proliferation was enhanced. Binding of 125I insulin was used to demonstrate the presence of specific, high affinity insulin receptors on the cells. INSres variants generally had fewer receptors than WT, but in no case did the magnitude of this effect appear to be sufficient to explain the insensitivity to insulin. The INSdep variant showed a greater than two-fold increase in the number of insulin receptors per cell, compared to WT. Revertants of the INSdep line had the same number of receptors as WT. The specificity for both binding and for the effects on proliferation were the same in WT and INSdep cells. Since the effects of insulin on proliferation were opposite in the two lines, we propose at least two distinct sites of insulin action on the cells. Further isolation and analyses of Cloudman lines with unusual responses to insulin should be useful for understanding the molecular basis of action of this hormone. PMID- 7000798 TI - The stimulation by epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) of the growth of neonatal rat hepatocytes in primary tissue culture and its modulation by serum and associated pancreatic hormones. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) added in a single dose (between 10(-16) and 1.7 X 10(-9)M) to neonatal rat hepatocytes in primary culture with subsequent incubation for 12 and 24 hours in Eagle's MEM fortified with 10% (v/v) FBS stimulated their entry into S and M phases, as shown by (3H)thymidine labeling and autoradiography and by a 4-hour exposure to colchicine (0.1 mM). Growth stimulation by EGF was detectable after 4 hours, peaking between 12 and 16 hours, and thereafter declining in intensity. Rat hepatocytes exposed for 72 hours (between the fourth and the seventh day in vitro) to no serum or to 10% fresh FBS possessed similar growth rates and absolute numbers in the cultures. A 24-hour exposure to 20 to 50% FBS stimulated hepatocytic DNA synthesis and mitotic activity and resulted (except for the 50% FBS treatment) in increased hepatocytes' numbers, which were relatively greater than the concurrent increases in connective tissue cell numbers. In serum-devoid medium EGF (10(-11)M) enhanced hepatocytic mitotic, but not DNA-synthetic activity. To be fully effective EGF required a 10% FBS addition to the medium, then eliciting within 24 hours a marked increase in hepatocytes' number with respect to cultures incubated with 10% serum only. When associated with 20 to 30% FBS, EGF stimulated parenchymal cell growth at rates slightly higher, but not significantly different, than those elicited by the same serum concentrations alone. However, when used in conjunction with 10 to 30% FBS, EGF preferentially increased the number of hepatocytes rather than that of non-parenchymal cells. Moreover, comparative proliferation kinetic studies showed that in the presence of 10% FBS, an equimolar (10(-14)M) mixture of EGF, insulin, and glucagon promoted an early and marked increase in the DNA-synthetic and mitotic activities of hepatocytes, which peaked after 8 hours. Within a 24-hour time lag this growth stimulation was as effective in increasing the final hepatocytes' number as was a 1000-fold higher EGF concentration, and was twice as active as either an equimolar (10(-14)M) mixture of the two pancreatic hormones or EGF by itself at 10(-14)M. These results show that the growth-promoting effect of EGF on primary neonatal rat hepatocytes is modulated by serum factor(s) and can be additively amplified by the simultaneous administration of subphysiological doses of glucagon and insulin. PMID- 7000799 TI - Initiation of DNA synthesis in mammary epithelium and mammary tumors by lithium ions. AB - The growth promoting effects of lithium and insulin on cultures of mammary gland epithelium and CZF mouse mammary tumor cells were investigated. Lithium chloride exerts a 450-fold increase in the rate of DNA synthesis in mammary epithelium from mid-pregnant mice in organ culture or monolayer culture. There is an increase in both the percentage of cells initiating DNA synthesis and the net accumulation of DNA. The most effective lithium concentration is 10 mM, and the maximally effective rate of stimulation is reached 48 hours after addition. The magnitude of response to lithium varies with the physiological state of the mammary epithelial cell donor: epithelium from non-pregnant or lactating mice is less responsive than that from mid-pregnant mice. In combination, insulin and lithium produce either a synergistic or an additive effect on the growth of epithelium dependent upon the physiological state of the donor animal. Lithium also promotes the growth of mammary tumor cells in the absence or serum or other mitogens. The action of lithium on DNA synthesis appears to be a direct effect on the epithelial cells. PMID- 7000800 TI - The responses of hemopoietic precursor cells in mice to bacterial cell-wall components. AB - The influence upon different cellular and humoral parameters of hemopoiesis of three structurally unrelated, highly purified bacterial cell-wall components (BCWC) was investigated. The spleens of C57BL/6 mice assayed 6 days after the injection of either lipid A or outer-membrane lipoportein, but not murein, showed a marked increase in granulocyte-macrophage, eosinophil, and megakaryocyte progenitor cell levels. The number of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) also increased in the spleens of mice treated with either lipid A or lipoprotein. Similar results were obtained following the injection of lipoprotein or lipid A into CBA or C57BL/6.nu mice. Genetically anemic Wf/Wf mice were found to have spontaneously elevated numbers of splenic progenitor cells, which increased further after the injection of lipid A. The proportions of the different splenic progenitor cell types were similar in both untreated and lipid A treated Wf/Wf mice, and in normal littermate controls. When tested in vitro, unfractionated or partially purified post-lipid A serum was found to stimulate the growth of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC), but no detectable stimulation of eosinohphil, megakryocyte, or erythroid progenitor cells was observed. The data suggest that the rise in splenic levels of the different progenitor cells is not mediated by the corresponding types of CSF, but more likely by proliferation and differentiation of CFU-S. PMID- 7000801 TI - Synergistic effects of epidermal growth factor and thrombin on the growth stimulation of diploid Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - The serum supplement used in the culture of a variety of mammalian cells can be replaced by known growth factors. Diploid Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHEF/18) will grow for several days in a medium (4F) supplemented with four growth factors: epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transferrin. The growth rate is only about 50% as fast as when fetal calf serum is added. This difference is eliminated by thrombin (10--100 ng/ml; 0.3--3 nM). The CHEF/18 cell line is unique in that no other cell line responds to thrombin in this concentration range. Thrombin acts synergistically with other growth factors to stimulate CHEF/18 cell growth. By itself, thrombin is only mitogenic at elevated concentrations. Thrombin can largely compensate for the absence of EGF and partly for the absence of insulin in serum-free media. Chemically and "spontaneously" transformed cell lines related to CHEF/18 have lost requirements for both EGF and thrombin, and have retained requirements for insulin and transferrin expressed by CHEF/18. No CHEF cells in this work required FGF. These results suggest that the mechanisms by which EGF and thrombin stimulate cells to grow are related. PMID- 7000803 TI - Growth response to insulin in mouse melanoma cells and fibroblast X melanoma hybrids. AB - PG19 mouse melanoma cells arrest growth when they become confluent in medium containing low concentrations of serum. Under these conditions, insulin does not stimulate DNA synthesis in the mouse melanoma cells, whereas it does in mouse embryo fibroblasts and fibroblast X melanoma hybrids. A detailed examination of the binding of insulin to the melanoma cells and fibroblast X melanoma hybrids in the presence of bacitracin has shown that they have approximately equal numbers of insulin receptors, and that these receptors have similar affinities for insulin. These results indicate that the unresponsiveness of the melanoma cells to the mitogenic action of insulin is not attributable to a lack of insulin receptors. Although insulin does not stimulate incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in confluent cultures of the melanoma cells, it does stimulate uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyrate, indicating that the insulin receptors are functional and that insulin elicits an acute response in these cells. In hormone-supplemented serum-free medium, insulin does not stimulate growth of the melanoma cells, while it does stimulate growth of th fibroblast X melanoma hybrid. This suggests that an acute response to insulin is not sufficient for stimulation of growth either in confluent growth-arrested cells or in exponentially growing cells in serum free medium. PMID- 7000802 TI - Ribonucleotide reduction in intact human diploid fibroblasts. AB - There have been very few studies on ribonucleotide reductase activity in human tissue. In this report we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for determining purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotide reduction in normal human diploid fibroblasts and use the method to examine some general properties of the activity in these cells. ADP and CDP reductase was characterized for its response to the positive effectors, ATP and dGTP, the negative effector dATP, and the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Apparent Km values for ADP and CDP were determined to be 0.1 mM and 0.04 mM respectively. THe antitumor agent hydroxyurea inhibited both purine and pyrimidine reductase in a noncompetitive fashion, giving Ki value of 0.40 mM and 0.41 mM for ADP and CDP respectively. These Ki estimates are about four to five times higher than those reported for some permanent cell lines. An examination of the cytotoxic effects of hydroxyurea indicated a close correlation between the concentration of drug which inhibited enzyme activity and decreased colony-forming ability. Clearly the ability to investigate ribonucleotide reduction in low numbers of normal human diploid cells will be useful for genetic and biochemical studies. PMID- 7000804 TI - [Mechanical sutures in digestive tract surgery: preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - Intestinal sutures decompose by means of a series of regular steps which can be replaced, from the efficacy, regularity, and rapidity points of view, by a mechanical process. Employing a mechanical suture constitutes a new aspect of digestive tract suturing which requires preliminary training in the use of the method, as strict rules must be followed if a catastrophy is to be avoided. The authors have used different forceps (T.A., G.I.A., and E.E.A.) since 1977, and report the results obtained in 438 patients, including 237 operations for closing visceral sections and 354 anastomoses of all types. An analysis of these results confirms the feasibility and immense value of this new suturing technique. PMID- 7000805 TI - [Post-gastrectomy arterio-venous fistula. About one new case (author's transl)]. AB - Post-gastrectomy arterio-venous fistula is rare: the the authors report one case. They discuss the hepatic consequences of arterio-portal fistula and the possible role of this in the cause of some cases of portal hypertension. PMID- 7000806 TI - [Combined use of cutaneous homografts and autografts in extensive burns. Mowlem Jackson's phenomenon (author's transl)]. AB - The prognosis of extensive 3rd degree burns has been considerably improved by the use of homografts pierced with holes to allow application of small portions of autografts. The histological appearances after successful grafting of the skin are described in detail. Grafts of this type allow maximum economy of remaining healthy skin, and this technique is a very great improvement over Mowlem Jackson's procedure. Successful results have been obtained in 3rd degree burns covering 90% of the body surface. PMID- 7000807 TI - Direct agglutination test for diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection: method for increasing sensitivity and specificity. AB - A method that increases the sensitivity and specificity of the direct agglutination (AG) test for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection is described. Qualitative results in the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT) and AG test were in excellent agreement (98%). Differences in titers between these two tests often related to the length of time the individual was infected. The AG test titer was most often lower than the DT titer during acute (recent) infection; the AG test titer was most often higher than the DT titer in older or chronic infection. If the AG test antigen described here can be made available, the AG test would be ideal for use as a screening test and would provide a simple and inexpensive means for the surveillance of seronegative women during pregnancy and for detection of seroconversions. PMID- 7000808 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacteria as unsuspected agents of dermatological infections: diagnosis through microbiological parameters. AB - Nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified as the agents of dermatological lesions in seven patients seen at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1969 to 1979. Three patients had water-associated cutaneous lesions, three had abscesses at the site of an injection, and one had an erosive nasal lesion. In each of these instances, the mycobacterial etiology was not suspected, and diagnosis was achieved only after careful microbiological studies. These experiences emphasize that a mycobacterial etiology should be sought in chronic cutaneous lesions occurring at traumatized sites. PMID- 7000809 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen was developed. It was able to detect purified polyribose phosphate at concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml in cerebrospinal fluid. This was 50 times more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis with the same antiserum. The sensitivity for polyribose phosphate in urine was similar, but that in serum was about 10 times less. Nonspecific reactions were observed with blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid and some sera. These were differentiated from true positive reactions by a blocking test with unconjugated immune serum. A wide range of organisms was tested for cross-reactivity in the assay. With the exception of a protein A-rich strain of Staphylococcus aureus, they gave absorbances of < 8% of that of the homologous system. In a series of five cases of proven H. influenzae type b meningitis, the sensitivity of the assay with cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed to be at least 2(5) times greater than that of counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The results indicate that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is highly sensitive and specific in detecting H. influenzae type b antigen. The necessity to perform the blocking assay on all sera limits its usefulness for the examination of these specimens. However, it should prove valuable for the detection of the antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and urine. PMID- 7000810 TI - Preparation and use of erythrocyte-globulin conjugates to Lassa virus in reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition. AB - Conditions were defined for functional covalent coupling of anti-Lassa virus globulins to glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes. Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate in a reaction mixture containing not more than 0.01 M NaCl produced uniformly good conjugates which were used in reversed passive hemagglutination (RPH) and reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (RPHI) tests to detect Lassa virus antigens in infected cell cultures and specific antigens in Vero cell cultures. Identical results were obtained with this method and with immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) staining in the detection and identification of Lassa virus isolated from human and rodent specimens from West Africa. The RPHI method was equal to IFA for serological diagnosis of acute human Lassa virus infection and superior to IFA, complement fixation, and a radioimmunoassay procedure for detection of Lassa virus antibodies in a human population where this infection is endemic. PMID- 7000811 TI - Cultural and physiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium botulinum isolates from foodborne and infant botulism cases. AB - Isolates Clostridium botulinum from foodborne and infant botulism cases in the United States were compared on the basis of toxigenicity, cultural and biochemical characteristics, metabolic products, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Seventy-eight strains, including 42 from foodborne and 36 from infant botulism sources, were examined. Cultures on anaerobic blood agar exhibited circular, spindle, and rhizoid (medusa head) colonies. Overall, the characteristics of isolates from foodborne and infant botulism cases were quite similar. We concluded that it was not possible to differentiate C. botulinum isolates associated with foodborne botulism from those recovered from infant botulism cases. All of the 78 strains produced an unidentified indole derivative(s), detected with paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent, and hydrocinnamic acid, detected by gas-liquid chromatography; all exhibited a high degree of resistance to cycloserine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. These characteristics should prove to be useful in the isolation and identification of C. botulinum from mixed microbial populations. PMID- 7000812 TI - Increased sensitivity of acid-fast smears. AB - Evaluation of the centrifuges used in the mycobacteriology laboratory indicated a failure to develop sufficient relative centrifugal force for optimal concentration of acid-fast bacilli. Retrospective analysis of 14,509 specimens received between 1 July 1973 and 30 June 1975 and sedimented at 1,260 x g relative centrifugal force revealed a positive smear rate of 1.8% and a positive culture rate of 7.1%, with a correlation between positive paired smears and cultures of 25.2%. After increasing the relative centrifugal force from 1,260 x g to 3,800 x g at maximum radius, the positive smear and culture rates were 9.6 and 11.6%, respectively, with a correlation between positive paired smears and cultures of 82.4%. The sensitivity of acid-fast smears is directly related to the relative centrifugal force achieved while concentrating the specimen by centrifugation. PMID- 7000813 TI - Bactericidal screening test for late complement component deficiencies or defects. AB - Congenital complement deficiency has been described in disseminated Neisseria infections. Its occurrences in humans with other kinds of infections have not been described. In the past, CH50 determinations have been used to detect these deficiencies, but this procedure is time consuming and cumbersome. A method of determining the presence of late component deficiencies or defects is described which is easy and inexpensive to perform. An agar pour plate with a serum sensitive Escherichia coli strain is made, and 2.5-mm wells are put in the agar. Unknown fresh sera are used to fill the wells. An absence of a zone of bacterial growth inhibition around the well after incubation at 37 degrees C overnight indicates a late component defect or deficiency in the test serum. By applying this assay to 35 selected patients, four deficient patients were identified. One had a congenital C5 deficiency and three had C6 deficidencies. It is suggested that the assay be used as a screening test to study the relationship between congenital complement deficiencies and various kinds of infections, especially those caused by organisms which are partially serum sensitive. PMID- 7000814 TI - Differentiation of strains of Escherichia coli: multiple typing approach. AB - Results from biotyping, resistotyping, hemagglutinin typing, and antibiotic sensitivity testing allowed discrimination of 184 cultures of Escherichia coli and indicated that from each of 20 patients, multiple specimens yielded isolates of a single strain despite the diversity of sites sampled; from each of another 13 patients, strains of different types were isolated. Whereas only 52% of cultures were typed with 24 commerical O antisera, all were characterized by biotyping (27 types) and resistotyping (39 types). Because they identified too few types, hemagglutinin testing (14 types) and antibiogram testing (9 types) were of limited discriminatory value when used alone but aided strain identification when used in conjunction with biotyping and resistotyping. Identification of strains as the same or different is most likely to be achieved by the combined use of several of these systems, each of which may be used in laboratories unable to perform complete serological analysis of strains of E. coli, and we judge that biotyping and resistotyping would provide the most useful information. PMID- 7000815 TI - Indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 antigen. AB - An indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the polysaccharide antigen of type 3 pneumococcus (SSS-III) is reported. Polystyrene balls with attached anti-SSS-III antibody serve as the solid phase, and antigen is detected using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antiglobulin conjugate. The reaction is quantitated by spectrophotometry. Concentrations of antigen are estimated by comparison with standard curves prepared with purified SSS-III. For this assay, the practical lower limit of detection of SSS-III is approximately 2 to 3 ng/ml, thus making the test sensitivity about 25 times that reported for counterimmunoelectrophoresis. In preliminary tests with simulated human clinical specimens, none of the body fluids tested (spinal fluid, serum, urine, and sputum) interfered with detection of antigen, nor did they produce false-positive or false-negative results. Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 whole organisms were readily detected in simulated clinically positive sputum specimens. Cross reactions were not observed with Haemophilus influenzae type b, group B Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 7000816 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic urethral flora of healthy females in various physiological age groups and of females with urinary tract infections. AB - We characterized the aerobic and anaerobic urethral flora of healthy females in three physiological age groups (premenarcheal, reproductive, and postmenopausal) and of females with urinary tract infections. The mean number of species per sample was 6.5, 7.7, and 10.3 for each of the physiological age groups, respectively, and 6.5 for the urinary tract infection group. Marked quantitative changes were seen with age and disease. Aerobes accounted for 65.6 and 73.8% of the flora of the premenarcheal and reproductive age groups, respectively, whereas anaerobes were dominant in the postmenopausal age group, accounting for 65.5% of the flora. Aerobic gram-negative rods were not isolated from any of the premenarcheal or reproductive-age subjects. Of the 10 postmenopausal subjects, 5 carried aerobic gram-negative rods, but these organisms accounted for only 1% of the flora. In contrast, they constituted 95% of the urethral flora of the urinary tract infection group. Bacteroides melaninogeneicus was commonly isolated and was the dominant isolate in the postmenopausal age group. Bacteroides fragilis was recovered from 7 of the 10 postmenopausal subjects, but these organisms constituted only 3% of the total flora. The factors responsible for the changes in urethral flora with age remain to be determined. PMID- 7000817 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of a screening medium (CN screen) for Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Results obtained with 433 yeast isolates indicated that the CN screen medium could be used with confidence for presumptive identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. Of 49 C. neoformans isolates tested, only four stock isolates yielded false-negative results upon initial testing. After repeated subculturing on Sabouraud agar and retesting, these four isolates yielded correct results. Essentially, no false-positive results were obtained, and the data suggested that false-negative results could be eliminated by using fresh isolates of C. neoformans preincubated at 25 degrees C on Sabouraud glucose agar. PMID- 7000818 TI - Standardized quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - A quantitative and standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described which uses lyophilized antigen-coated disks for the detection of human antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. It does not require serial dilution of the test specimen, and the objective absorbance readings are converted into international units per milliliter traceable to the World Health Organization's reference standard preparation of toxoplasma antibodies. It was shown to be highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive. The reagents were stable, without biohazard, and ready for use. Studies of various parameters in the assay indicated that the test conditions were relatively flexible. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results correlated satisfactorily with the methylene blue dye test, the indirect immunofluorescence test, and the passive hemagglutination test. PMID- 7000819 TI - Collaborative investigation of the AutoMicrobic System Enterobacteriaceae biochemical card. AB - The Enterobacteriaceae biochemical card used in six separate laboratories to identify 170 representatives of Enterobacteriaceae. The AutoMicrobic System (Vitek Systems, Inc.) performed with an accuracy of 97.8% as compared with 98.1% by the standard method selected and 97.6% by a commerically prepared manual system approach. During this time, 5,450 clinical isolates belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. Compared with the routine methods used in the various laboratories, the AutoMicrobic System identified 96.4% correctly PMID- 7000820 TI - Identification of nocardiae and streptomycetes of medical importance. AB - During a taxonomic investigation of Nocardia spp. and Streptomyces spp., we received 658 isolates from laboratories of both human and veterinary medicine. Our procedure leading to the identification of 92% of these isolates, the species that they represented, and a characteristic pattern of properties of the strains of these species are presented. A key devised for the tentative identification of species of nocardiae and streptomycetes that are believed to be of medical importance is included to assist clinical microbiologists in identifying their strains. PMID- 7000821 TI - Production of phenylacetic and hydroxyphenylacetic acids by clostridium botulinum type G. AB - Phenylacetic and hydroxyphenylacetic acids were present as major acids in spent growth medium from Clostridium botulinum type G. These aromatic acids were identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 7000822 TI - Comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition test and an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of antibody to rubella virus in human sera. AB - Correlation between FIAX and hemagglutination inhibition methods for presence or absence of rubella viral antibody was good at high hemagglutination inhibition titers, but only fair at low or negative titers. PMID- 7000823 TI - Spurious hydrogen sulfide production by Providencia and Escherichia coli species. AB - Hydrogen sulfide production was noted in two Escherichia coli strands and one Provaidenica alcalifaciens (Proteus inconstans A) strain isolated from clinical stool specimens durin the summer of 1979. An investigation into this phenomenon revealed the predence of Eubacterium lentum, an anaerobe, growing in synergism with the Enterobacteriaceae and producing H2s. The implications of this association are discssed with reference to clinical microbiology laboratory practice. PMID- 7000824 TI - Complement localization and mediation of ischemic injury in baboon myocardium. AB - We sought to determine whether the third component of complement (C3) is localized in ischemic baboon myocardium after coronary artery ligation. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of prior C3 depletion on myocardial necrosis. We studied seven control baboons (group I) and seven C3-depleted (group II) baboons that were killed 24 h after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Multiple tissue samples were obtained from infarct, intermediate, and normal myocardial sites as defined by serial unipolar epicardial ECG mapping. In group I baboons, myocardial creatine kinase content from infarct sites was reduced as compared with normal sites (12.6+/-0.92 [SE] vs. 24.4+/-0.75 IU/mg protein, P < 0.001). The intermediate sites from group I contained more creatine kinase (19.0+/-1.25 IU/mg protein) than infarct sites (P < 0.001), but less (P < 0.025) than normal sites. In group II, intermediate sites showed no significant reduction in creatine kinase from normal sites and there was significantly less creatine kinase depletion in infarct sites when compared with group I animals (33.7+/-4.6 and 51.4+/-1.8% depletion, respectively, P < 0.001). In all seven group I baboons, uniform C3 localization was observed in infarct sites by direct immunofluorescence but appeared in mosaic patterns in intermediate sites. C3 was not demonstrated in any normal sites, nor in any site from group II baboons. Additional studies on baboons killed at earlier times after ligation indicated that C3 was localized focally on swollen myocytes in infarct sites as early as 4 h after coronary ligation. These results strongly implicate the active participation of the complement system of inflammatory proteins in the pathogenesis of myocardial tissue injury following coronary occlusion. PMID- 7000826 TI - Capacity for moderate exercise in obese subjects after adaptation to a hypocaloric, ketogenic diet. AB - To study the capacity for moderate endurance exercise and change in metabolic fuel utilization during adaptation to a ketogenic diet, six moderately obese, untrained subjects were fed a eucaloric, balanced diet (base line) for 2 wk, followed by 6 wk of a protein-supplemented fast (PSF), which provided 1.2 g of protein/kg ideal body wt, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The mean weight loss was 10.6 kg. The duration of treadmill exercise to subjective exhaustion was 80% of base line after 1 wk of the PSF, but increased to 155% after 6 wk. Despite adjusting up to base line, with a backpack, the subjects' exercise weight after 6 wk of dieting, the final exercise test was performed at a mean of 60% of maximum aerobic capacity, whereas the base-line level was 76%. Resting vastus lateralis glycogen content fell to 57% of base line after 1 wk of the PSF, but rose to 69% after 6 wk, at which time no decrement in muscle glycogen was measured after >4 h of uphill walking. The respiratory quotient (RQ) during steady-state exercise was 0.76 during base line, and fell progressively to 0.66 after 6 wk of the PSF. Blood glucose was well maintained during exercise in ketosis. The sum of acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate rose from 3.28 to 5.03 mM during exercise after 6 wk of the PSF, explaining in part the low exercise RQ. The low RQ and the fact that blood glucose and muscle glycogen were maintained during exhausting exercise after 6 wk of a PSF suggest that prolonged ketosis results in an adaptation, after which lipid becomes the major metabolic fuel, and net carbohydrate utilization is markedly reduced during moderate but ultimately exhausting exercise. PMID- 7000827 TI - Alterations in immunoregulatory T cell subsets in active systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To determine whether imbalance among subsets of human T cells exists in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes in SLE patients during active and inactive stages of disease. For this analysis, we used monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of inducer (T4) and suppressor (T5/T8) T cell subsets, as well as a common T cell antigen (T3). In contrast to normal and inactive SLE patients, the percentage of T3+ cells was reduced in all active SLE patients. More importantly, there was a selective decrease in T5+/T8+ suppressor T cells in 12 of 14 active patients, including 1 of 2 patients with drug-induced SLE. Serial analysis of three SLE patients showed a significant correlation between the presence of T5+/T8+ subset and clinical disease activity in all patients. We conclude that aberrations in suppressor T cell subsets are an important correlate of disease in patients with SLE. PMID- 7000825 TI - Antibody-induced desensitization of the insulin receptor. Studies of the mechanism of desensitization in 3T3-L1 fatty fibroblasts. AB - Antibodies against the insulin receptor (Anti-R), which are found in the serum of type B patients with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans, inhibit the binding of insulin to its receptor and mimic the actions of insulin when studied acutely in vitro. After prolonged exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to Anti R, the insulinomimetic activity is lost, and the cells show a marked decrease in their maximal response to insulin (antibody-induced desensitization), thus providing a model for the insulin resistance seen in vivo. This study explores in detail the mechanism and specificity of desensitization in 3T3-L1 cells.Desensitization, like the insulinomimetic activity of Anti-R, requires bivalence. Monovalent preparations of Anti-R inhibit insulin binding and shift the insulin biological dose-response curve to the right, but do not decrease the maximal insulin response. The affinity of monovalent Anti-R is less than that of the native antibody. Cross-linking of monovalent Anti-R reconstitutes its insulinomimetic activity and partially reconstitutes desensitization. Desensitized cells are resistant to the insulinomimetic actions of concanavalin A, which interacts with the insulin receptor, but are not desensitized to spermine and vitamin K(5), insulinomimetic agents that are thought to act independently of the insulin receptor. Glucose, pyruvate, or certain hexoses are required in the incubation media for desensitization to occur. Although Anti-R is taken up into cells and degraded by lysosomes, chloroquine, cycloheximide, colchicine, and cytochalasin E have little influence on the induction of or recovery from antibody-induced desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization is not merely due to the inhibition of insulin binding, but is a complex process involving a decreased ability of the receptor to generate a biological response. PMID- 7000829 TI - Faecal carriage of group B streptococci. AB - Consecutive stool samples from 116 female and 98 male patients (both adults and children), and rectal and vaginal swabs from 28 and 53 cases respectively, were quantitatively cultured for group B streptococci using Islam's medium. Group B streptococcus was recovered from 5% and 2% of faeces in female and male patients respectively, and the colony counts ranged from 10(2) to 10(3)/g. In women, the faecal carriage rate was 6%, which was significantly lower than the rectal carriage rate (p 0.02), suggesting that the higher recovery rate (27%) from rectal specimens may be due to contamination of swabs by perianal skin flora. Type II group B streptococcus was the only faecal isolate in adults (numbers involved are small for statistical significance), and we suspect that this type strain may be the only resident gut flora in adults, and the gastrointestinal tract is unlikely to serve as the main reservoir of all group B streptococci. PMID- 7000828 TI - Role of the renal sympathetic nerves in the development and maintenance of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Neurogenic factors and, in particular, enhanced renal sympathetic tone, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat of the Okamoto strain. To examine the hypothesis that the renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension by causing urinary sodium retention, 7-wk-old (early hypertensive) and 18-wk-old (established hypertensive) male spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to bilateral renal denervation and compared with sham-operated controls. In 7-wk-old animals renal denervation delayed the onset and slowed the rate of development of hypertension. These alterations were associated with a significantly greater fractional excretion of sodium (percentage of sodium intake excreted) during the first 3 wk after denervation. Blood pressure 2 wk after surgery was 169+/-3.5 (sham) vs. 150+/-2.4 mm Hg (denervated) (P < 0.001), corresponding to fractional sodium excretions of 65+/-1.3% (sham) vs. 80+/-2.3% (denervated) (P < 0.001). By the 5th wk after surgery, at which time an increase in renal norepinephrine content of denervated animals suggested reinnervation, blood pressures in the two groups converged (sham, 199+/-6.5 mm Hg vs. denervated 180+/-3.5 mm Hg, NS) and there was no difference in sodium excretion (sham, 77+/-2.5% vs. denervated 79+/ 2.3%). Plasma and kidney renin activity of denervated animals did not differ significantly from that of sham-operated controls. In 18-wk-old rats renal denervation did not alter blood pressure or urinary sodium excretion. These data indicate that the renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat in part by causing enhanced sodium retention. Once hypertension is established the renal nerves do not play a significant role in the maintenance of increased blood pressure. PMID- 7000830 TI - Fixation and immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7000831 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria in urine. PMID- 7000832 TI - Serial urinary and cervical cytological studies in women undergoing renal transplantation. AB - Cervical dysplasia has been reported to occur more frequently in female renal transplant patients. The incidence of pre-existing dysplasia is unknown. A prospective study of several urinary and cervical cytological screenings of 50 transplant patients was undertaken. Two of 38 patients studied before transplantation had pre-existing dysplasia. No new cases of dysplasia were found during the study (mean surveillance 3 years). A high incidence of urinary viral infection was found, but a relation to cervical dysplasia was not noted. The frequency of cervical abnormalities previously reported might have been due to different immunosuppressive regimes or to failure to exclude pre-existing disease. Despite the low incidence of abnormalities the use of cytological screening provided valuable reassurance to our patients, and its use is recommended. PMID- 7000833 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of surface and intracellular immunoglobulin in human neoplastic lymphoid cells. AB - An immunoperoxidase technique for the optical microscopic detection of cellular immunoglobulin has been used to stain fixed smears of human neoplastic B lymphoid cells. Only four out of 28 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) showed membrane labelling by this technique. In contrast, when 14 samples from other types of B lymphoproliferative disorder (including hairy cell leukaemia, non Hodgkin's lymphoma, and prolymphocytic leukaemia) were studied, all samples showed membrane immunoglobulin labelling (confirmed by capping experiments). This discrepancy was attributed to the greater density of surface immunoglobulin present on neoplastic cells in the latter group of disorders compared to CLL. This immunoperoxidase technique is therefore less sensitive than immunofluorescent staining of cells in suspension for the demonstration of neoplastic cell surface immunoglobulin. However, it offers a number of advantages (eg, excellent visualisation of cell morphology, permanence of stained preparations, and applicability to stored samples) which recommend it as the method of choice in certain clinical haematological contexts. PMID- 7000834 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of toxoplasma antibodies in human sera. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was developed for the detection of toxoplasma antibodies using a single serum dilution (1:800) in conjunction with a standard curve Antigen was prepared from Toxoplasma gondii cultivated in human cell cultures. A nearly linear relationship was found between the logarithms of the absorbance values of 120 human sera at a dilution of 1/800 and the titres as determined by an end point dilution ELISA. The reproducibility of the single dilution ELISA was excellent; the coefficients of variation for within-day and day-to-day tests were less than 15%. A close correlation was found between the results obtained with ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and complement fixation (CF). The titres in ELISA were 20 to 40 times higher than in IF and 200 to 1000 times higher than in CF. PMID- 7000835 TI - Dipslide cultures in the investigation of suprapubic urinary bladder aspirates of infants and children. AB - Suprapubic aspirates (SPAs) of the urinary bladder obtained from 793 infants and children with suspected urinary tract infection were grown on dipslides inoculated at the bedside as well as being cultured aerobically and anaerobically. In general, the findings on dipslides were in good agreement with those in the other culture media. The majority of the 403 dipslide-positive samples contained 10(5) or more bacteria/ml; only in 2% was bacterial density less than 10(3)/ml. There were five specimens with no growth on dipslides; however, an organism considered to be significant for the patient was isolated in the other cultures. Thus dipslides proved to be adequate for the culture of most SPAs, but samples from patients with urological problems should be studied by more complete methods. PMID- 7000836 TI - Examination of skin window preparations by transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 7000837 TI - Examination of the larynx in the histopathology laboratory. AB - A method is described for examination of the larynx in the histopathology laboratory. Using a slicing machine, transverse slices of the whole larynx are obtained from which representative histological samples may be prepared. This method offers the advantages of a complete gross examination of the normal and pathological structures of the larynx supplemented by histological studies using any of the methods of paraffin embedding, frozen section, plastic embedding, or electron microscopy on any part of the larynx. PMID- 7000839 TI - Clinical applications of immunofixation: a more sensitive technique for the detection of Bence Jones protein. AB - Immunofixation in agarose gel has been compared with agarose electrophoresis for the detection of Bence Jones protein in urine. The technique has a sensitivity between five and 10 times greater than electrophoresis and allows the identification of multiple Bence Jones proteins and Bence Jones proteins with fast mobility in the presence of other urinary proteins. In four out of 12 patients studied, Bence Jones protein was undetectable by electrophoresis of 300 times concentrated urine but was clearly identified by immunofixation. PMID- 7000838 TI - Distribution of pathogenic yeasts and humoral antibodies to candida among hospital inpatients. AB - The frequencies of the carriage of yeast pathogens and of serum precipitins to a variety of candida antigens among 254 patients generally tended to increase with the length of the patient's stay in hospital. This trend was observed even though none of the patients investigated showed signs or symptoms of superficial or systemic candidosis. The extent of the general trend varied considerably between subgroups of patients within the general categories of 'surgical' and 'nonsurgical' inpatients. Increases in both frequencies and quantities of yeasts in the mouth were most evident postoperatively among patients who underwent open heart surgery and among nonsurgical patients who received antibiotics or steroids in hospital. The frequency of precipitins to Candida albicans cytoplasmic antigens in the absence of candidosis rose overall from 11% of 217 sera obtained within 24 hours of admission to 35% of 85 sera obtained five to 11 days after admission or operation. These 'false positive' antibodies were thought to arise after transient yeast overgrowth in the gut at the time of an acute illness or immediately after surgery. The study adds further data to documented examples of 'false positive' candida antibodies and indicates the need for care in the diagnostic interpretation of candida precipitin test results among groups of patients at risk of yeast overgrowth during their hospital stay. PMID- 7000840 TI - An easy method for isolating Treponema pallidum from patients. PMID- 7000841 TI - Evaluation of endoscopic brush and biopsy touch smear cytology and biopsy histology in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lower oesophagus and cardia. AB - A four-year prospective study of endoscopic cytology and histology was carried out on 64 patients suspected of having a malignant lesion at the junction of the lower oesophagus and cardia. The final diagnosis was malignant in 18 and benign in 46 cases. Biopsy touch smear cytology was the most accurate technique with a sensitivity of 100% compared with 82% for brush cytology and 89% for biopsy histology. There was one false positive endoscopic histology report, but no false positive cytology result. Biopsy touch smear cytology is at present a method little used in the digestive tract. This study demonstrates its value in the diagnostically difficult area of the gastro-oesophageal junction. PMID- 7000844 TI - Aetiological agents and laboratory diagnosis of bacteraemic shock. PMID- 7000842 TI - Rubella antibody determination from heparinised finger-tip blood by single radial haemolysis and enzyme immunoassay. AB - Rubella antibodies were determined by single radial haemolysis (SRH) and a micromodification of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of samples of heparinised finger tip blood or plasma collected into transportable vials, and the results were compared with antibody titres obtained from conventional samples of venous serum. The antibody titres of finger-tip specimens gave a high correlation with those of venous serum. For SRH only 5 microliters of heat-inactivated finger-tip plasma was needed, and for EIA only a single dilution, 1:100, in duplicate, of heparinised finger-tip plasma or while blood was sufficient. The minimal inconvenience in sample collection makes the finger-tip test particularly suitable for large-scale immunity screening when assessing the need for, or efficacy of, rubella vaccination. PMID- 7000843 TI - Antibiotic sensitivities of urinary pathogens, 1971-8. AB - The sensitivites of urinary pathogens from general practice and from hospital to a range of antimicrobial drugs have been recorded for the period 1971-8. There have been changes in the proportions of the different bacterial species and in their sensitivites to antibiotics. In particular, the position of ampicillin/amoxycillin and cephalosporins has deteriorated, partly because more resistant species have somewhat increased in prevalence and partly because the usually sensitive species, such as Escherichia coli, have become more resistant. Over the period 1971-8 the sensitivity of urinary pathogens, whether in general practice or in hospital, to co-trimoxazole and to trimethoprim has been maintained at a high level. PMID- 7000845 TI - Immunoperoxidase method for detection of immunoglobulins. PMID- 7000846 TI - Clinical pharmacology of aminocaproic and tranexamic acids. PMID- 7000847 TI - Inhibitors of fibrinolysis in the treatment of haemophilia. PMID- 7000848 TI - Clinical applications of fibrinolytic inhibition in gynaecology. PMID- 7000849 TI - Fibrinolysis and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 7000850 TI - Tranexamic acid (AMCA) in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 7000852 TI - Periodontal probing: what does it mean? AB - The periodontal probe has been and continues to be used as an important diagnostic instrument by the dental profession. The measurements recorded with the probe have generally been considered to represent a reasonably accurate estimate of sulcus or pocket depth. Recent reports on the histopathology of the periodontal lesion and the histological features of a healing lesion, together with histological studies on the relationship of the probe to periodontal tissues, have shed some new light on periodontal probing. It is now apparent that probing depth measured from the gingival margin seldom corresponds to sulcus or pocket depth. The discrepancy is least in the absence of inflammatory changes and increases with increasing degrees of inflammation. In the presence of periodontitis the probe tip passes through the inflamed tissues to stop at the level of the most coronal intact dento-gingival fibers, approximately 0.3-0.5 mm apical to the apical termination of the junctional epithelium. Decreased probing depth measurements following periodontal therapy may be due in part to decreased penetrability of the gingival tissues by the probe. Following treatment aimed at obtaining new attachment in periodontal defects, wider variations may occur between the location of the probe tip and the most coronal dento-gingival fibers than in the case of untreated sites. This is due in part to the formation of a so called "long" junctional epithelium. In the absence of inflammation this epithelium may not be penetrable during ordinary probing, but could account for a rapid increase in probing depth measurements when inflammatory changes allow the probe to traverse the epithelium and/or the adjacent infiltrated connective tissue. In view of the difficulty inherent in relating periodontal probing measurements to actual sulcus or pocket depth, the interpretation of periodontal probing in the practice of periodontics may need reappraisal. PMID- 7000851 TI - Future prospects for use of fibrinolysis inhibitors. PMID- 7000853 TI - Short-term effects of initial, nonsurgical periodontal treatment (hygienic phase). AB - Longitudinal studies have reported the effect of various modalities of periodontal surgery on pocket depth and attachment levels related to pretreatment measurements. However, possible changes in these measurements as a result of scaling, oral hygiene improvements and occlusal adjustment during the hygienic phase were not considered. The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effect of treatment of the hygienic phase in 90 patients with some pockets extending 4 mm or more apically to the CEJ. Pretreatment pocket depths and attachment levels related to the CEJ were measured by a thin probe in five sites at all 2,355 teeth in the sample. Scaling, root planing, instruction in oral hygiene and occlusal adjustment were completed during four to six sessions for each patient. Four weeks after completion of the hygienic phase, all variables were recorded. Mean measurements for pocket depths 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm, and greater than or equal to 7 mm prior to treatment were compared to their posttreatment scores. Pocket depth decreased significantly for pockets extending 4 mm or more apically to the FGM. For pockets 4-6 mm there was a mean difference in pocket depth of 0.96 +/- 0.47 mm (P < .0001) between pretreatment and posttreatment observations. For pockets 7 mm or greater the mean difference was 2.22 +/- 1.35 mm (P < .0001). Reduction in depth of pocket and improvement in attachment levels were related to the initial level of severity. Pocket reduction was in part due to the improvement in attachment levels. This study has demonstrated that the clinical severity of periodontitis is reduced significantly 1 month following the hygienic phase of periodontal therapy, and that need for surgical pocket treatment cannot be assessed properly until completion of the hygienic phase of treatment. PMID- 7000854 TI - Histometric evaluation of periodontal surgery. II. Connective tissue attachment levels after four regenerative procedures. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of four periodontal regenerative procedures on the connective tissue attachment level. The procedures tested were: 1) the modified Widman flap procedure, 2) the modified Widman flap procedure combined with transplantation of previously frozen autogenous red marrow and cancellous bone, 3) the modified Widman flap procedure in combination with implantation of beta tricalcium phosphate, and 4) periodic root planing and soft tissue curettage. Eight adult Rhesus monkeys, divided into four equal groups, were used. Periodontal pockets were produced around contralateral teeth in a standardized manner. In each group of animals, the pockets on one side of the jaws were subjected to one of the above-mentioned surgical treatments, while the contralateral pockets remained as unoperated controls. Three weeks before surgery, a carefully designed plaque control program was instituted and continued until the animals were sacrificed 12 months after surgery. In histologic sections, linear measurements along the root surfaces were made from the cemento enamel junction (CEJ) to the most apical cells of the junctional epithelium (JE). These measurements from operated and unoperated sites were then compared. The data revealed that healing following the four different regenerative procedures resulted in the reformation of an epithelial lining (long junctional epithelium) along the treated root surfaces, with no new connective tissue attachment. PMID- 7000855 TI - An evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of proquazone and aspirin in postoperative dental pain. AB - The analgesic efficacy of 75, 150, and 300 mg proquazone, a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, was compared to that of 650 mg aspirin and a placebo in outpatients who had moderate or severe pain following the surgical removal of impacted third molars. Estimates of the relative potency of proquazone to aspirin ranged from 4.9 to 6.2 for total analgesic effect and from 7.7 to 8.4 for peak analgesic effect. Each dosage level of proquazone and aspirin provided significant analgesia compared to placebo and was well tolerated. Adverse effects were transitory and did not appear to be dose related for proquazone. PMID- 7000856 TI - Comparative analgesic effects of naproxen sodium, aspirin, and placebo. AB - The analgesic efficacy of a single 550-mg dose of naproxen sodium was compared with that of 650 mg aspirin and a placebo in a double-blind, parallel trial. The study was carried out in an industrial setting and included 201 adult patients with various acute pain states. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common type of pain treated. Pain intensity differences and patients' evaluation of pain relief indicated statistically significantly earlier and better analgesia with naproxen sodium than with both aspirin and placebo. The summed pain intensity differences (SPID) showed that naproxen sodium performed better than aspirin, which in turn did better than placebo. the difference between naproxen sodium and aspirin means for SPID was numerically equal to the difference between the aspirin and placebo means for SPID. Further, the incidence of side effects was less with naproxen sodium than with aspirin. The study demonstrated that naproxen sodium provided earlier and better pain relief than aspirin, that this effect was consistent over time, and that the incidence of side effects associated with naproxen sodium was less than with aspirin. PMID- 7000857 TI - Bioavailability and pain study of cefamandole nafate. AB - The bioavailability of parental cefamandole, nafate, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated with respect to the effects of a lidocaine diluent on its tolerability and absorption after intramuscular administration. Twelve adult male volunteers were injected with 1 Gm of cefamandole nafate in a three-way randomized, crossover study using the intravenous or the intramuscular route with cefamandole nafate in saline or in 1% lidocaine. The intramuscular injections were double blinded. Mean serum concentrations and cumulative urine outputs of cefamandole nafate were not significantly different (P > 0.05) following intramuscular administration using either the saline or lidocaine diluents. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the areas under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC). The degree of pain experienced by subjects receiving intramuscular cefamandole nafate was evaluated during 1 hour after injection using a numerical scoring system. Lidocaine diluent significantly reduced the incidence and duration of pain after cefamandole nafate injection, and this form of administration was well accepted by the subjects in the study. PMID- 7000858 TI - Part III. Preliminary edentulous impressions. PMID- 7000860 TI - The pretectal region of the cat: a structural and topographical study with stereotaxic coordinates. AB - Using Nissl and myelin staining methods, the structure of the pretectal region has been analyzed in the cat. From this study and a review of the literature, three groups of cell populations have been identified, each made up of several parts or nuclei: 1) Nuclei of the posterior commissure, including dorsal, lateral, and ventral divisions; 2) A dorsolateral group of nuclei, which includes the pars lateralis and pars medialis of the nucleus of the optic tract, and the nucleus olivaris; 3) An intermediate nuclear group (pretectal nuclei, "sensu stricto") composed of the nuclei posterior, subopticus, anterior (with two portions, compacta and reticularis), and medialis. Stereotaxic coordinates of this region were also determined and plotted both on coronal and horizontal sections. The combined use of several spatial planes has proven to be of great value in studying transitional regions such as the pretectal region. PMID- 7000859 TI - Master impressions for full dentures--Part IV in a series. PMID- 7000861 TI - Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry: II. Correlative distribution of catecholamine varicosities and magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the rat supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. AB - The comparative morphology of catecholamine (CA) varicosities and neurophysin (NP)-containing perikarya of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) was examined. The major CA innervation to the SON and PVN did not coexist with the major distribution of magnocellular perikarya, but was located peripheral to the nuclei. A dense distribution of CA varicosities was found ventral to the neurosecretory perikarya of the SON and overlapped numerous immunoreactive oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing neuritic profiles. Examination of Golgi-stained sections revealed that dendrites from SON perikarya projected to the CA zone and were likely candidates for the processes identified immunocytochemically. In addition, a heterogenous distribution of axosomatic contacts was found within the SON which suggested a preferential innervation of VP-containing neurons. The densest concentration of CA varicosities in the PVN occurred in the periventricular region adjacent to the third ventricle and in the contiguous parvocellular portion of the PVN. These CA varicosities overlapped scattered oxytocinerigic perikarya in both areas. In addition the ventromedial as well as the dorsolateral subnuclei of the PVN were contacted by CA varicosities; this heterogeneous distribution suggests that the each subnucleus of the PVN with its individual hypothalamic, neurohypophyseal, brainstem, or cortical projections may possibly receive a catecholaminergic innervation by a select group of CA cells or nuclear groups from the brain stem. PMID- 7000862 TI - Pathogenicity of a caprine strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides for cattle. PMID- 7000863 TI - Effect of soluble factors from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides on the collagen content of bovine connective tissue. PMID- 7000864 TI - Polymorphous light eruption. AB - A review of the available information indicates that the polymorphous light eruptions are characterized by a number of clinical and histologic features. The clinical patterns range from multiple small papules and papulovesicles, which become confluent, to large plaques. The former usually involve all of the sun exposed areas and the latter frequently are localized to the face. Histologically, the epidermal changes vary with the clinical presentation. However, a perivascular round cell infiltrate in the dermis is present in all of the lesions. The disease has a worldwide distribution, though there is a high incidence in certain populations such as North and Latin American Indians and Finnish people. The disease usually begins in young adult life except in the American Indian population, where it tends to start in childhood. Though in several series there was a preponderance of females, males do develop the problem in significant numbers. The action spectrum falls primarily in the ultraviolet B (UVB) range. Some patients do react to ultraviolet A (UVA) rays as well. However, there is evidence that the process is not confined to any narrow band of radiation, but can be produced by any wavelength or energy source as long as one uses sufficient exposure dose to produce a delayed phototoxic erythema. Pathogenetically, it is likely that polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) actually includes more than one disease entity. Whether photoallergy plays a role in any of these responses remains to be seen. In addition, the relationship to the persistent light reactor, photosensitive eczema, and actinic reticuloid has not been clarified at this time. PMID- 7000866 TI - Autoantibodies to basement membrane collagen: epidermolysis bullosa simplex versus bullous pemphigoid. AB - As judged by passive hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition assays, sera from six patients in one family with dominant epidermolysis bullosa contain clearly demonstrable titers of antibodies against the collagen C chain which is derived from basement membrane structures. Moreover, the circulating antibodies observed in these patients are apparently specific for the C chain as no titers were observed when using four additional well-characterized collagen chains in the indicated assays. In contrast to the results with sera from epidermolysis bullosa patients, sera from a series of age- and sex-matched healthy controls, as well as from a group of patients with bullous pemphigoid, did not contain antibodies to any of the test antigens. These results thus clearly differentiate the autoimmune response to basement membranes observed in bullous pemphigoid from that observed in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. PMID- 7000865 TI - Studies in cutaneous immunofluorescence. I. The effect of storage time on direct immunofluorescence of skin biopsies from bullous disease and lupus erythematosus. AB - Forty-eight biopsy samples submitted to a diagnostic immunofluorescence service have been stored at -20 degrees C and sequentially re-tested at monthly intervals to ascertain the duration for which immunoglobulins and complement can be identified in these samples in typical and diagnostic patterns of distribution. Four biopsies from pemphigus vulgaris, 14 biopsies from bullous pemphigoid, nine biopsies from dermatitis herpetiformis and 21 from chronic discoid lupus erythematosus have been studied in this manner. In all cases diagnostic immunofluorescence patterns were present up to 4 months after biopsy and in several biopsies a diagnostic pattern was observed at 9 months. It is concluded that adequate storage facilities for a diagnostic immunfluorescence service can be achieved with a -20 degrees C storage system and that known positive material can be retrieved from this system for use as controls or in research studies for a minimum of 4 months. PMID- 7000867 TI - Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. AB - Control of metabolism during pregnancy and lactation involves two types of regulation-homeostasis and homeorhesis. Homeostasis control involves maintenance of physiological equilibrium or constancy of environmental conditions within the animal. Homeorhesis is the orchestrated or coordinated control in metabolism of body tissues necessary to support a physiological state. Regulation of nutrient partitioning during pregnancy involves homeorhetic controls arising from the conceptus. This assures growth of the conceptus (fetus and fetal membranes) and gravid uterus as well as development of the mammary gland. With the onset of lactation many--perhaps even most--maternal tissues undergo further adaptations to support rates of lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue are examples of important homeorhetic controls of nutrient partitioning that are necessary to supply mammary needs for milk synthesis. The interactions between homeorhesis and homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation and possible endocrine control are discussed. While not definitively established, roles for placental lactogen and prolactin are attractive possibilities in homeorhetic regulation of maternal tissues to support pregnancy and the initiation of lactaion, respectively. PMID- 7000868 TI - Calculation of interfacial stress in porcelain-fused-to-metal systems. AB - A method is given for calculating interfacial shear stress in porcelain-fused-to metal restorative materials. Thermal history of the porcelain and dynamic stress relief relations are utilized to predict interfacial stress as a function of temperature. Calculations are in agreement with experimental results based on the deflection of bimaterial strips and are consistent with previously reported data. PMID- 7000869 TI - Calcium and the response of the rat submandibular gland to insulin stimulation in vitro. PMID- 7000870 TI - The scope, goals, and objectives of graduate dental education--II. AB - This position paper on the "Scope, Goals, and Objectives of Graduate Dental Education" provides a discussion of basic working definitions and an attenuated historical review of graduate dental education, with special emphasis on the evolution of goals and objectives of graduate dental education. The goals and objectives are presented in a general context, and the following factors affecting them are discussed: (1) type of program (postgraduate or graduate) and desired end-product; (2) the specific discipline or specialty (including commentary on goals and objectives of each existing dental specialty and general practice residency program), and the suggestion for the creation of one additional specialty (dental anesthesiology); and (3) the institutional setting, with special emphasis on the role of the hospital in dental education. Suggestions or recommendations for further consideration or possible action are shown in italics throughout the paper. PMID- 7000871 TI - Presidential address. Reflections on the 1970s and a look to the future. PMID- 7000872 TI - A multi-institutional trial of polymerized whole ragweed for immunotherapy of ragweed allergy. PMID- 7000873 TI - The Wellcome Museum of the History of Medicine. PMID- 7000874 TI - [Genetic predisposition to glaucoma]. PMID- 7000875 TI - Evaluation pf methodology for determining 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) in ambient air. AB - EDB (ethylene dibromide) is of regulatory interest because it has cancer inducing properties and is a causative agent of aspermia. Methodology used in determining the extent of exposure of workers to EDB in a citrus fumigation facility was evaluated. The purpose of this effort was to develop and/or evaluate the methodology. A number of solid adsorbents were evaluated for trapping EDB. Charcoal was found to be the most efficient for this application. The influence of a number of factors, e.g., humidity, biphenyl concentration and solvents, on trapping and elution efficiency was determined. The level of sensitivity attained in these studies exceeds that necessary to monitor the proposed standard of a maximum of 1 mg/m3 for a 15 min occupational exposure. PMID- 7000876 TI - Field application of evaluated methodology for determining 1,2-dibromoethane, EDB, in ambient air. AB - EDB (ethylene dibromide) is of regulatory interest because it has cancer inducing properties and is a causative agent of aspermia. Previously evaluated methodology was used to determine the extent of exposure of workers to EDB in citrus fumigation stations and a warehouse used as a holding site before shipment. The purpose of this effort was to carry out environmental sampling, and to determine the exposure level of workers and related administrative personnel at two citrus fumigation centers and at a warehouse. PMID- 7000877 TI - Impaired alpha cell function in conditions with cortisol deficiency. AB - Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI) and blood glucose (BG) were evaluated in the fasting state and during an arginine test (ATT) in 6 subjects with untreated hypopituitarism (H), in 2 hypopituitary subjects with normal cortisol production (H + C), in 3 subjects with Addison's disease (A) and in 14 normal volunteers (N). No increase in BG was observed in H and A after arginine, mean values being significantly lower than in N. Mean fasting and arginine stimulated IRI levels were lower in H and A than in N; postabsorptive arginine induced IRG levels were significantly reduced when compared to N. In contrast IRG levels in the two H + C patients were within the normal range. The impaired IRG production in A and in H (but not in H + C) suggests a close relationship between alpha pancreatic function and cortisol levels. PMID- 7000880 TI - Current publications in gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 7000878 TI - Insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism in experimental protein malnutrition. AB - In order to study the evolution of endocrine and metabolic changes in protein malnutrition, we created a replica of this human syndrome in a primate model. This model was free from stress factors like infestations, and infections and provided an opportunity to study the details more closely. Our results showed that definite endocrine and metabolic changes are established by six weeks of protein deprivation. The study demonstrated that protein deprivation results in decreased fasting blood glucose levels associated with diminution in fasting, and total insulin output when presented with a glucose load. There is also deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance. It is suggested that decreased fasting blood glucose is a consequence of impaired breakdown and/or depletion of glycogen stores, and hepatic dysfunction secondary to fatty infiltration. The exact cause of decrease in insulin output remains to be clearly elucidated. The carbohydrate intolerance is attributed to insulin lack, hepatic dysfunction and decreased glucose disposal consequent to protein deprivation. PMID- 7000879 TI - Double-blind group comparative study of testosterone undecanoate and mesterolone in hypogonadal male patients. AB - A double-blind, randomized, group comparative study was performed in hypogonadal male patients in order to compare the effects on sexual activity and mental state of testosterone undecanoate (TU) and mesterolone (M). The TU-treated group contained 12 patients, and the M-treated group contained 14 patients. The variables of sexual activity and of mental state were scored an evaluated statistically by means of the nonparametric randomization test for 2 independent groups. TU induced a marked improvement of the sexual activity and of the mental state. After 4 weeks of treatment the effects were significantly better than in the M-treated group: libido (p less than 0.001), erections (p less than 0.01), ejaculations (p less than 0.05) and mental state (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7000881 TI - Thumb reconstruction through metacarpal bone lengthening. AB - The experience with thumb reconstruction through metacarpal bone lengthening in 35 patients treated over a period of 12 years is presented. In 25 cases a spontaneous consolidation of the gap between the distracted fragments occurred, whereas in the remaining 10 the gap was bridged by a bone graft. The elongation of the metacarpal achieved varied from 2 to 4 cm. Examination of patients followed from 4 to 8 years after the treatment shows a good appearance of the reconstructed thumb without osteolysis or other trophic changes in the distal end. The quality of the skin sensibility in the amputation stump is preserved after the lengthening. PMID- 7000882 TI - Segmental bony reconstruction of the thumb by composite groin flap: a case report. AB - The use of a pedicled, osteocutaneous groin flap to reconstruct a composite, interpositional loss of tissue in the thumb is reported. The bone is transferred as a living segment, not a dying graft, and hence affords the rapidity and strength of primary bony union. PMID- 7000883 TI - Anatomy and physiology of the perionychium: a review of the literature and anatomic study. AB - The perionychium includes the nail and surrounding structures. The anatomy and physiology of the perionychium is presented in detail. Microscopic examination reveals the nail production to take place on the dorsal roof of the nail fold, the ventral floor of the nail fold, and on the nailbed to the free margin of the nail. The arterial supply is by two dorsal terminal branches of the proper digital artery and the nerve innervation by dorsal terminal branches of the proper digital nerve. PMID- 7000884 TI - Acute radiation injury of the hands: report of a case with a twenty-one year follow-up. AB - Accidental, excessive exposure to therapeutic radiation of the hands is rare and some authors advocate early amputation of the part. A report of the treatment of excessive irradiation to both hands for verrucous lesions in an 18-year-old woman includes a 21 year follow-up without evidence of malignant degeneration. PMID- 7000885 TI - Thumb reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe. AB - Thumb reconstruction requires accurate functional and esthetic approximation to the original. Accepted methods generally have some deficiencies, particularly in appearance, and frequently the secondary morbidity is unacceptable. A method of thumb reconstruction with the use of an iliac crest bone graft and a free neurovascular "wrap-around" flap from the big toe is described that combines the attributes of previous methods without their secondary morbidity. PMID- 7000886 TI - Surgically dividing pianists' hands. PMID- 7000887 TI - Collagen immunotyping in human liver: light and electron microscope study. AB - Types I, III, IV, and AB collagens have been extracted from human cirrhotic livers and specific antibodies have been raised in rabbits and purified. Histological immunofluorescent staining of collagen types in normal and fibrotic human livers reveals the respective distribution of the various collagens among the hepatic connective matrix and the modification of the normal pattern in fibrosis: types I and III appear to be the main components of the fibrotic connective matrix in enlarged portal spaces and of the Dissian reticulin framework; type IV collagen deposits are thickened around portal vessels and ducts and outline lobular capillarized sinusoids; type AB collagen appears as thin punctual deposits in portal and Dissian fibrotic connective matrix. Ultrastructural immunoperoxidase labeling of type I and III collagen makes it possible to identify the typical collagen fibers, using 65 nm periodicity, as type I collagen and the fibrillar associated network as type III collagen. Fibers of type I collagen are preferentially organized in large dense bundles in Dense Connective Matrix Organization (DCMO), since fibrillar type III collagen network is predominant in Loose Connective Matrix Organization (LCMO) surrounding vascular and biliary tracts. PMID- 7000888 TI - Identification of contractile proteins in basal bodies of ciliated tracheal epithelial cells. AB - To determine the molecular composition of the components of basal bodies and the interbasal body apparatus of ciliated cells in rat tracheal epithelium, we used rabbit anti-actin, anti-alpha-actinin, anti-tropomyosin, and anti-myosin as primary antisera applied to the tissue in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The antisera was proven to be monospecific by elution of antibody after affinity chromatography. Sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin Fab fragments coupled to peroxidase were used for ultrastructural localization of the bound rabbit antibody. Antibodies against alpha-actinin were demonstrated around peripheral microtubules of cilia and linking these microtubules to central doublet and plasma membrane. Alpha-actinin was also shown in the basal foot processes. Anti actin antibodies were associated with microtubules of the cilium and basal bodies, except in the region of the ciliary necklace. The antibodies directed against actin also had affinity for rootlets, basal foot processes, and communications between basal bodies and foot processes. Both anti-myosin and anti tropomyosin antibodies were localized to part of the region of the constriction of the cilium, to the central basal density and the outer surfaces of basal body microtubules, and to the basal foot processes together with their communications to the basal body. The data suggest active contractile function of basal bodies. PMID- 7000889 TI - Immunofluorescence analysis of normal and malignant lymphoid tissues with selected combination of antisera. AB - Tissue sections stained with combinations of antisera labeled with different fluorochromes (i.e., conventional antisera to human immunoglobulin classes, T lymphocyte antigens, and Ia-like p28,33 antigens used in various double combinations with each other or with different mouse monoclonal antibodies) allow the identification of the different areas of lymph nodes in serial sections and provide great flexibility as well as precision in the analysis of the distribution and relationship of normal and malignant cells. Lymphoid microenvironments in the thymus and the paracortical areas of lymph nodes are described. The close association of T lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells expressing large amounts of Ia-like antigens (such as interdigitating reticular cells and endothelium) may be relevant for the understanding of immunoregulatory disorders such as dermatopathic and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathies and some malignancies (e.g., mycosis fungoides) were the expression of Ia-like antigens on non-T cells seems to be abnormally abundant. The analysis of immunoglobulin and membrane marker expression of normal and malignant B cells and their relation to T cells can also be related to the histology of the disease. These studies are clinically useful for the classification of childhood lymphomas, the differential diagnosis of anaplastic carcinomas and lymphomas, and in the study of the early stages of lymphomas. PMID- 7000890 TI - Specific immunohistochemical localization of type III collagen in porcine periodontal tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. AB - Specific antibodies to porcine gingival type III collagen were raised in sheep. After purification on collagen affinity columns the antibodies were used for immunohistochemical localization of type III collagen in porcine periodontal and dental tissues employing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure. The extent of staining of the periodontal tissues was found to approximate the amount of type III collagen measured biochemically. A fairly uniform distribution of type III collagen was observed in the periodontal ligament and gingiva with more intense staining often being associated with blood vessels. A regular pattern of weakly staining fibers could be demonstrated throughout the cementum and in parts of the alveolar bone tissue. In addition, occasional sites in the cementum having a different morphological appearance from the rest of the cementum exhibited bundles of positively stained fibers. Although the bone tissue was essentially unstained, fibers in the endosteal spaces stained strongly. Sharpey's fibers passing from the soft connective tissues into alveolar bone and cementum also stained strongly. Three distinct arrangements of collagen fibers stained by the type III collagen antibodies could be identified: first, a reticular pattern, which was seen at the junction of the gingival epithelium and connective tissue, and in the endosteal spaces and dental pulp; second, a more diffuse pattern of fibers intermingled with type I collagen in the soft connective tissues; and third, a coating of some Sharpey's fibers, having a core believed to be type I collagen, and of fibers in the cementum inclusions. PMID- 7000891 TI - Intracellular localization of fibronectin using immunoperoxidase cytochemistry in light and electron microscopy. AB - An immunocytochemical staining method for light and electron microscopy was developed to permit adequate penetration of staining conjugates with high specificity, while preserving acceptable ultrastructure. For this purpose an indirect immunoperoxidase method with Staphylococcal protein A-peroxidase conjugates was used in the presence of saponin on aldehyde-saponin-fixed cells. As the first application, fibronectin was localized intracellularly in human embryonic skin fibroblasts. Fibronectin was detected in large amounts in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and in 200 nm (secretory?) vesicles. Little fibronectin was present in the Golgi complex; the stacked Golgi cisternae were conspicuously devoid of this protein. The 200 nm vesicles were mostly distributed on the mature side of the Golgi apparatus. These results indicate that fibronectin is exclusively localized to intracellular structures involved in secretory function and suggest that fibronectin may not be processed in significant amounts within the cisternal stacks of the Golgi complex. PMID- 7000892 TI - HLA-DRw alloantigens can be detected on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. AB - Antisera detecting HLA-DRw antigens (human Ia-like) react in cytotoxicity assays with peripheral blood B cells and monocytes but not T lymphocytes. Antisera detecting DRw specificities were used in flow microfluorometry studies to determine whether T lymphocytes express these antigens in quantities not detected by cytotoxicity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of monocytes were incubated with DRw antisera, reacted with fluoresceinated goat anti-human IgG, and analyzed on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Anti-DRw sera were found to be reactive on all of the lymphocytes as evidenced by a positive fluorescence signal. The reactivity was specific in that only those sera that detected DRw antigens on B cells and monocytes were reactive with the total lymphocyte population from the same donor. Reactivity of the antisera was removed by absorbing the antiserum with monocyte/B cells and T cells from a donor with the same DRw antigen as that found on the target cell of the donor tested. The results demonstrate the presence of DRw antigens on resting peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The implications of quantitative differences in DRw antigen expression on lymphoid cells are discussed. PMID- 7000893 TI - Characterization of mouse helper and suppressor T cell subsets separated by lectins. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated cells were fractionated by separating cells that agglutinate with peanut agglutinin (PNA) which binds preferentially to the sugar sequence beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc. PNA-agglutinable cells were found to exert a significant suppressor effect on the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells, whereas PNA-nonagglutinable cells did not affect the antibody response. It was also found that PNA-agglutinable suppressor cells were sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement (C), anti-I-J antiserum and complement, and anti-Ly 2.2 antiserum and complement. These results suggest that the PNA-agglutinable suppressor cells, separated from Con A-activated cells, were T cells and that these suppressor T cells possess abundant beta-galactosyl residues exposed on the cell surface, not masked by sialyl residues. Furthermore, it was found that antigen-specific suppressor cells were also separable by use of the agglutinability with PNA. The PNA-agglutinable suppressor T cell activity was eliminated by treatment of the Con A-activated PNA-agglutinable cells with anti asialo GM1 and complement, anti-Forssman antiserum and complement, and anti globoside antiserum and complement, but not by treatment with anti-GM1 antiserum and complement. Conversely, the helper T cell activity that was induced by Lens culinalis agglutinin and separated by Limulus polyphemus agglutinin, was eliminated by treatment of the cells with anti-GM1 and complement, but not by the treatment with the other anti-glycolipid antisera and complement. PMID- 7000894 TI - Mechanism of neonatal idiotype suppression. I. State of the suppressed B cells. AB - Neonatal BALB/c mice, given small amounts of an anti-idiotype serum directed against the TEPC-15 idiotype, are chronically unresponsive to immunization with PC antigens. These mice recover from suppression slowly over a period of 10 mo, and their response is not of TEPC-15 idiotype. However, the PC-specific precursors, as analyzed by the splenic fragment culture technique, in 8-mo-old suppressed mice are normal with respect to their frequency and idiotype dominance. Furthermore, the PC-precursors in neonatally suppressed BALB/c are sensitive to tolerance induction, as are precursors from neonatal liver and spleen cells. When chronic suppressed mice are immunized with a novel TI-1 antigen, PC-LPS, shown to stimulate immature PC-specific precursors, their response to PC is 80% of TEPC-15 idiotype, whereas their response to a TI-2 PC antigen and to a TD PC antigen is not TEPC-15 dominant. These results indicate that the TEPC-15 positive B cells in neonatally idiotype suppressed mice are in a state of immaturity that resembles the developmental characteristics of normal neonatal BALB/c mice. PMID- 7000895 TI - Macrophages and T cells control distinct phases of B cell differentiation in the humoral immune response in vitro. AB - The differentiation of B cells in the in vitro PFC-response to red blood cell antigen proceeds through 2 phases. Antigen-reactive B cells acquire the ability to interact with helper T cells in the first phase. This phase is controlled by macrophages through a mediator that they release (Interleukin 1 ([Il-1]). B cells convert into antibody-secreting cells (PFC) in the second phase, which is controlled by helper T cells or by a mediator that they release (T cell-replacing factors [TRF]). This is demonstrated in experiments in which Il-1 increases the number of B cells capable of responding to T cell help. The majority of antigen reactive B cells reaches that state of differentiation within 40 hr of incubation with Il-1. After this time, the response of B cells depends no longer on the presence of Il-1 but on the presence of T cells or TRF. The presented data suggest that antigen-primed helper T cells (but not unprimed T cells) induce the release of Il-1 by macrophages, thereby also influencing the early phase of B cell differentiation. PMID- 7000896 TI - Human lymphocyte-activating properties of a purified polysaccharide from Candida albicans: B and T cell cooperation in the mitogenic response. AB - Purified human T and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to show a mitogenic response to a purified polysaccharide (MPPS) extracted from C. albicans. It was found that neither T nor B cells alone could respond to MPPS. When a mixture of these two types of cells was tested, a normal response (comparable to the one of unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes) was observed. This response was not affected by prior depletion of macrophages. Results obtained with normal B or T cells mixed with mitomycin C-treated T or B cells indicated that a reciprocal helper effect exists between these two types of cells in their response to MPPS. This response could be inhibited by antisera against HL-A and Ia-like antigens. PMID- 7000897 TI - Ly 9, an alloantigenic marker of lymphocyte differentiation. AB - A new lymphocyte cell surface alloantigen, provisionally designated Ly 9, is detected by flow microfluorometry(FMF), as an extra specificity in sera from anti Lyt immunizations. Ly 9.2, one of the allelic specificities, commonly is detected as a unique immunofluorescence profile of thymocytes with anti-Lyt 3.1 sera. The alternative antigenic specificity, Ly 9.1, can be detected routinely in antisera prepared against Lyt 2.1 and Lyt 3.2. This lymphocyte alloantigen has both a unique strain and cell/tissue distribution. Quantitative measurement of Ly 9 immunofluorescence by FMF on heterozygote cells shows that Ly 9 antigen expression is co-dominant and reduced in levels relative to parental homozygote cells. Ly 9 is expressed on all thymocytes, peripheral lymphocytes, and on a subpopulation of cells in the bone marrow. This antigen is not expressed to any significant degree on erythrocytes, epidermal cells, sperm, or in suspensions of testis, brain, kidney, liver, or lung. FMF analysis and absorption typing reveals a quantitatively lower level of antigen expression on thymocytes compared with spleen or lymph node cells. Cytotoxic elimination experiments confirm that Ly 9 is expressed on at least 2 different T cell functional subsets and B cells. PMID- 7000898 TI - Fc receptors on human T lymphocytes. V: Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on Fc receptor expression. AB - Previous studies have documented that the interaction of IgG immune complexes with the FcIgG receptor (Fc-IgGR) of human T lymphocytes induces alterations both in the expression of Fc receptors and in the functional capacities of these cells. After IgG immune complex exposure, Fc-IgGR-bearing T lymphocytes lose their Fc-IgGR and generate Fc-IgMR in subsequent culture. This transition phenomenon is mediated via patching and capping of the Fc-IgGR. Since Colchicine and Cytochalasin B have been demonstrated to interfere with capping of other membrane elements by their known effects on cytoskeletal structures, we investigated the effects of these agents on the expression of Fc receptors of human T cells. Neither Colchicine nor Cytochalasin B directly affects Fc-IgGR or Fc-IgMR expression. However, both agents inhibit the loss of Fc-IgGR subsequent to IgG immune complex exposure as well as the development of Fc-IgMR in culture. Immunofluorescent studies illustrate that this inhibition is mediated in part by interference with capping of the Fc-IgGR-immune complex ligand. This study emphasizes the inverse relationship between Fc-IgGR and Fc-IgMR expression on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 7000899 TI - Cell surface DNA in immunosuppression in AKR leukemia. AB - Spleen cells from leukemic AKR mice contain nonspecific T suppressor cells that suppress the in vitro anti-SRBC responses of normal AKR spleen cells. The suppression is abrogated by pretreatment of the leukemic cells with DNase. Cells with surface DNA can be enriched by treatment with anti-DNA antibodies and removed on anti-Ig columns. Even though there is a 10-fold enrichment in suppression by the surface DNA-positive cells (DNA+), the depleted population (DNA-) still suppresses with an efficiency comparable to the unfractionated spleen cells. Pretreatment with anti-I-J antiserum and separation on columns neither enriches nor depletes suppressor cells. Fractionating leukemic spleen into 4 populations of cells by sequential treatment with anti-DNA and anti-I-J with separation on appropriate columns, resulting in 4 populations (DNA+/I-J-, DNA+/I-J+, DNA-/I-J+, and DNA-/K-J-), revealed that the DNA+/I-J- cells that comprise ca. 15% of the total are the most potent suppressors. The DNA+/I-J+ cells that comprise ca. 2% of the cells are less efficient and their suppression is not sensitive to DNase. The DNA-/I-J+ population (ca. 10% of the total) are also poor suppressors. The remaining cells, which are DNA-/I-J-, do not act as suppressors. When small numbers of any 2 of the 4 fractions were added together, it was found that the DNA+/I-J- cell can interact with the DNA+/I-J+ and the DNA /I-J+ cells but not the DNA-/I-J- cells to give enhanced suppression. PMID- 7000900 TI - IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in patients with the syndrome of hyperimmunoglobulin E and recurrent infections. PMID- 7000901 TI - Polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes by Fc fragments. III. Characterization of the defect in the ability of the C3H/HeJ mouse to respond to Fc fragments. AB - Spleen cell preparations from the C3H/HeJ mouse were found to be refractory to Fc fragment-induced polyclonal activation. This defect was not a characteristic of all C3H strains, because spleen cells from the histocompatible C3Heb/FeJ strain produced polyclonal antibody in the presence of Fc fragments. The cellular defect was found to be associated with the macrophage population. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice were incapable of generating mitogenic Fc subfragments from intact Fc, whereas C3Heb/FeJ performed this function normally. That T cells and B cells from the C3H/HeJ mouse were normal was shown by the fact that C3H/HeJ spleen cells responded to Fc subfragments. Moreover, T cells from C3H/HeJ spleen cell populations could be substituted for C3Heb/FeJ-derived T cells. PMID- 7000902 TI - Transient populations of terminal transferase positive (TdT+) cells in juvenile rats and mice. AB - Transient populations of TdT+ cells are present in peripheral blood, lung, liver, and spleen of rats and mice between birth and 7 wk of age. TdT+ blood cells appear to be post-thymic cells, as evidenced by their absence from nu/nu mice and their pattern of TdT fluorescence. TdT+ cells in lung, liver, and spleen appear to be prethymic cells. All transient populations of TdT+ cells are sensitive to dexamethasone. Only TdT+ cells in bone marrow and thymus persist into adult life. PMID- 7000903 TI - Biochemical and biologic characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. IV. Purification of Interleukin 2 from a murine T cell lymphoma. AB - A cloned murine T cell line, LBRM-33 5A4, growing in culture can be activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to secrete Interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. In the absence of PHA, LBRM cells do not produce IL-2. The chemical and biologic properties of LBRM-derived IL-2 are compared to those of murine spleen-derived IL-2. The fractionation of culture supernatants from PHA-activated LBRM cells by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) reveals that IL-2 activity is contained in a class of molecules indistinguishable in size (30,000) and charge (pI 4.3-4.7 and 4.9-5.1) from murine spleen IL-2. LBRM derived IL-2 also exhibits the entire spectrum of biologic activities exhibited by spleen IL-2, stimulating the growth of established T cell lines in culture, the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in thymocyte cultures and the induction of antibody responses in nude spleen cultures. Both LBRM and splenic-derived IL-2 activities exhibit similar properties after digestion with proteases, and various chemical and temperature treatments. Since IL-2 is derived from a cloned cell line, it is likely these lymphocyte assays are detecting a single class of molecules that act directly on activated T cells. The use of LBRM cells as a source of IL-2 should greatly facilitate studies on the molecular characterization and biologic activity of this class of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. PMID- 7000904 TI - Suppression of the line-10 guinea pig hepatocarcinoma by antigens related to both Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and the tumor. PMID- 7000905 TI - Characterization of the Fc receptor for IgG on a human macrophage cell line, U937. AB - Since the U937 cell line expresses many characteristics of normal human monocytes and macrophages, we studied in detail its receptors for IgG by measuring direct binding and inhibition of binding of 16 radioiodinated human myeloma proteins representative of the 4 subclasses. As with normal monocytes, IgG1 and IgG3 bound most efficiently (17.3 and 15.7% bound), IgG4 less readily (7.1% bound), and IgG2 least readily (0.6% bound). Scatchard plots of IgG1 binding showed approximately 18,000 binding sites/cell with Ka approximately 10(8) liter/mol. IgG1 binding was inhibited equally well by IgG1 and IgG3 (50% inhibition with 0.26 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.09 microgram, respectively). IgG4 inhibited less readily (0.68 +/- 0.12 microgram). Three IgG2 proteins were not inhibitory (115 +/- 59) but one IgG2 myeloma inhibited well (0.89 +/- 0.47). IgG Fc fragments inhibited IgG1 binding 1000-fold more efficiently than Fab fragments, IgM, and IgA. Reciprocal inhibition experiments gave no indication of multiple receptor sites of differing specificities. In situ, the IgG1 receptor was resistant to proteases. The data suggest that the U937 Fc receptor may be a useful model of human macrophage structure and function. PMID- 7000906 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated antibacterial activity: K lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes are effective against shigella. AB - Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes decreased the viability of Shigella flexneri in vitro in cooperation with heat-inactivated rabbit hyperimmune anti-shigella antisera. Purified K and T lymphocyte populations used before the removal of Fc receptor-bearing cells were effective in this antibody-dependent complement-free system. In contrast, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes from which Fc receptor-bearing cells were removed exhibited no activity. In the absence of antisera, lymphocytes and monocytes were ineffective whereas granulocytes were only moderately effective even when cells from patients recently infected with shigella were used. Convalescent (but not pre-infection) sera from these patients, however, induced marked cell-mediated antibacterial activity against their homologous infecting shigella whether the cells were from uninfected or infected individuals. These data suggest that Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes play a role in host immune defense against enteric pathogens such as shigella even in locations where complement may be functionally deficient such as among secretory mucosal surfaces. PMID- 7000907 TI - Properties of a product of Candida albicans hyphae and pseudohyphae that inhibits contact between the fungi and human neutrophils in vitro. PMID- 7000908 TI - Radioisotopic 51Cr-leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. I. Demonstration of anti-tumor immunity in patients with breast carcinoma. AB - A simplified radioisotopic leukocyte adherence inhibition assay (51Cr-LAI assay) was used to determine tumor-directed immune responses in patients with cancer of the breast. Essential steps in development of this assay are the standardization of conditions for optimal 51Cr uptake by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the inclusion of autologous or normal AB serum in the incubation media. A dextrose salt mixture (GNK) was found to enhance intracellular uptake of 51Cr significantly (8-fold) without affecting viability of the cells or without causing selective loss of lymphocyte subpopulations. The presence of 10% autologous or normal AB serum prevented non-specific LAI responses to unrelated tumor antigens. In a study of 46 preoperative patients with suspected breast cancer, clear and accurate prediction of the presence of cancer was achieved with this new assay. All patients with localized breast cancer showed significant adherence inhibition in response to allogeneic breast tumor extracts whereas normal control women and patients with benign diseases did not respond. Neither patients with cancer nor those with benign breast diseases reacted to extracts of benign breast tissue antigens. LAI reactivities appeared to be directed selectively against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and reflect specific antitumor immunity. This short term (4 h) 51Cr-LAI assay provides reproducible and specific results analogous to those using tube-LAI assay. The test has the advantages of being accurate, sensitive and free from technical bias. PMID- 7000909 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of influenza type-specific antibodies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a purified ribonucleoprotein antigen is described for detection of type-specific anti-influenza virus antibodies. ELISA was found to be more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescent and complement fixation tests. A significant increase in antibody titer could be demonstrated by ELISA between serum specimens collected prior to and during the influenza season. ELISA appears to be useful for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of influenza infections. PMID- 7000911 TI - Detection of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by automated flow cytometry. Comparison to a chromium release assay and characterization of the effector cell subpopulation. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chick red blood cells (CRBC) can be detected by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cellular DNA content. When compared to a standard chromium release assay FCM analysis shows several advantages: (1) equivalent cytotoxicity can be detected after 1 h compared to 4 h for 51Cr; (2) equivalent cytotoxicity can be seen at a 5-fold lower effector-to-target ratio; and (3) no radiolabeling is needed. When mouse spleen cells were fractionated based on adherence to the plastic, adherent cells showed the highest ADCC by both FCM and 51Cr release. PMID- 7000910 TI - The ability of horse serum to support an in vitro antibody response. AB - It was found that 10% horse serum (HrS) could be used to support an in vitro antibody response to SRBC. It could replace the fetal calf serum (FCS) in both the culture medium and the nutritional feed. The response could be improved by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol or by including both FCS (5%) and HrS (5%) in the culture medium. PMID- 7000912 TI - Amplification of the biotin-avidin immunmofluorescence technique. AB - An amplification of the immunofluorescence technique which uses biotinylated antibody and fluoresceinated avidin is described. By introducing a sandwich technique using fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-avidin, a 5-fold enhancement of staining over the conventional immunofluorescence method is achieved, and the brightness is more than twice that achieved with the simple biotin fluoresceinated avidin reaction. PMID- 7000913 TI - Rapid quantitation of neutrophil chemotaxis: use of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-free polycarbonate membrane in a multiwell assembly. AB - A neutrophil chemotaxis assay was developd which permits rapid, quantitative assessment of migration across a membrane filter. The critical factor in the assay was the use of a 10 microns thick polycarbonate membrane without the usual polyvinylpyrrolidone coating. Migrated neutrophils remain adherent to the uncoated membrane, whereas 20-50% fall off polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated membranes. A major advantage of the method is that neutrophil chemotaxis can be readily quantified, since the migrated cells adhere to the membrane surface and are in one optical plane for counting. A 25 mm x 80 mm membrane sheet was used in a 48 well micro chemotaxis assembly, which requires only 20,000 neutrophils and 25 microliters of attractant per assay well. Neutrophil chemotaxis was complete within 10-20 min at 37 degrees C, with 20-30% of the cells migrating to N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and 40-50% migrating to complement derived C5a. PMID- 7000914 TI - A quick method for the preparation of stable DNP red cell conjugates. AB - Another procedure for preparing dinitrophenyl (DNP) sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) using the DNP-alanylglycylglycyl hapten has been developed. These DNP-SRBC also are stable for as long as 1 month, but the conjugation procedure is much simpler to carry out than the previously reported method. PMID- 7000915 TI - Hundred years of malarial research. PMID- 7000916 TI - Newer insulins. PMID- 7000917 TI - Salmonellosis in a young child: unusual vector and atypical clinical course. PMID- 7000918 TI - Mary Frame Thomas, M.D. (1816-1888). PMID- 7000919 TI - Nostalgia: the medicine show. PMID- 7000920 TI - Emergency medicine in Indiana: past, present and future. PMID- 7000921 TI - Inpatient discharge planning. PMID- 7000922 TI - County medical society directory. PMID- 7000923 TI - Isolation and growth of endothelial cells from the microvessels of the newborn human foreskin in cell culture. AB - A procedure for the isolation and in vitro cultivation of endothelial cells from the microvessels of the newborn human foreskin dermis is described. The epidermis was removed from foreskin tissue using a Castroviejo keratotome (0.1 mm shim). Endothelial cells were released from the dermal vessels by trypsinization of 5 mm2 sections of dermis at 37 degrees C for 40 min. Cells were expressed into Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) containing 10% pooled human serum, collected by centrifugation and plated onto either a plain plastic or a fibronectin treated culture surface. In primary culture the rate of endothelial cell proliferation was dependent upon serum type and concentration being optimal in 50% pooled human serum. High serum concentration in combination with pretreatment of the culture surface with fibronectin was required for maximal proliferation rate, for the cells to achieve confluence and for subcultivation. Primary and subcultured cells were characterized as endothelial by light microscopic, immunofluorescent (Factor VIII associated protein) and ultrastructural (Weibel-Palade body) criteria. PMID- 7000924 TI - Immuno-electron microscopical investigations with a new tracer: peroxidase labeled protein A: application for detection of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid antibodies. AB - Peroxidase-labeled Protein A, stable immunoenzyme tracer of high reactivity and comparatively low molecular weight, has been applied in immuno-electron microscopy for detection of bound IgG-type pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid antibodies. Comparing Protein A-peroxidase with peroxidase-labeled immunoglobulins, we obtained similar morphological results in corresponding incubation techniques, but lower nonspecific adsorption of Protein A-peroxidase complexes in tissues. The Protein A-peroxidase molecules showed good tissue penetration abilities. Our rapid one-step incubation procedure led to enhanced preservation of tissue fine structures, without the need of prior tissue fixation. It seems that Protein A-peroxidase is able to replace peroxidase labeled anti-IgG for immuno-electron microscopical purposes. PMID- 7000925 TI - The influence of PUVA and UVB radiation on skin-graft survival in rabbits. AB - The survival time of full-thickness skin grafts in rabbits was prolonged by administration of methoxsalen and subsequent exposure of the donor and recipient graft sites to longwave ultraviolet radiation (UVA). Erythemogenic doses of radiation were required to prolong graft survival. Similar exposure to mid ultraviolet radiation (UVB) did not significantly prolong the survival time to grafts. PMID- 7000926 TI - Pemphigoid antibody mediated attachment of peripheral blood leukocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction of human skin. AB - It has been proposed that cutaneous inflammation and blister formation in bullous pemphigoid is caused by antibodies to the cutaneous basement membrane zone which active complement, thereby, attracting leukocytes to the dermal-epidermal junction. There is, however, no functional evidence which supports a role for pemphigoid antibodies in complement activation or leukocyte activity in skin. This study describes the in vitro attachment of human peripheral blood leukocytes to the dermal-epidermal junction of cryostat skin sections treated with 9/13 pemphigoid sera containing antibodies to the cutaneous basement membrane zone. A requirement for complement in the reaction was supported by the findings that only complement-fixing pemphigoid sera mediated the leukocyte response, a strong correlation existed between complement-fixation titers and leukocyte attachment titers and only leukocytes suspended in fresh serum but not buffer or heat inactivated serum attached at the junction. A requirement for antibody was supported by the observation that IgG fractions of 4 pemphigoid sera were as effective as whole sera in mediating leukocyte attachment. The leukocyte response was shown to be specific for complement-fixing pemphigoid sera since it was not observed with noncomplement-fixing sera or sera from 15 normal human and 22 nonpemphigoid disease controls. This study offers functional evidence for an interaction between pemphigoid antibody, complement and leukocytes in the immunopathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid and demonstrates that complement-fixing antibasement membrane zone antibodies may be important in initiating the cellular inflammatory events observed near the dermal-epidermal junction in vivo. PMID- 7000927 TI - Epidermal DNA synthesis: a new disc technique for evaluating incorporation of tritiated thymidine. AB - We present a new technique for evaluating epidermal DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Standard areas of epidermis were isolated by glueing plastic discs to the skin followed by heating on a hot plate at 60 degrees C. The discs were then cut out and the dermis gently separated and removed by incubation at 60 degrees C in 2 M potassium bromide. The discs with attached epidermis were washed in 0.25% acetic acid to remove unincorporated tritiated thymidine and then counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Results were expressed as disintegrations per minute per disc. This technique showed good correlation to the hydroxylapatite column and perchloric acid methods for extracting DNA, but was considerably less tedious and subject to fewer errors. Incubation of discs in DNAse indicated radioactivity was primarily in DNA. The disc technique is simple, rapid and inexpensive and could be performed in large numbers even in unsophisticated laboratories. PMID- 7000928 TI - Analysis of immunological responses in psoriatic lesions: (1) immunopathological studies on psoriatic lesions. AB - In order to understand immunological responses in psoriatic lesions, immunofluorescent findings have been compared in early psoriatic lesions and fully developed plaque lesions. IgG and IgA were detected as the main antibodies in the horny layer by immunohistology. The IgA at the site of leukocyte accumulation in the horny layer seemed to be associated with secretory component (S-component) and joining chian. Regarding complement, the alternate pathway might be related to the immune reaction as the initial response, because deposits of C3, properdin and glycine rich beta-glycoprotein were found more frequently than C1q-deposit in the both lesions. In the dermis S-component was also detected at the dermal papillae adjacent to the dermoepidermal (D-E) junction of the lesions and no deposit of S-component was observed in uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. This, however, is not a specific pattern in psoriatic lesions since deposits of S-component were found at the dermal papillae and D-E junction in other dermatoses. These findings might suggest that the immunological response was initiated by secretory IgA in horny layer, which was composed of dimeric IgA and S-component at the D-E junction and which passed easily through the epidermal cells. PMID- 7000929 TI - Minoxidil in refractory hypertension. PMID- 7000930 TI - [Reconstruction of the left innominate vein by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in a patient with a ACTH, beta-MSH producing invasive thymic carcinoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000931 TI - [Metabolism of lipoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000932 TI - [Evaluation of the differences in responsiveness of plasma renin activity to five different stimulations in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7000935 TI - Treatment of vertigo based on habituation. 1. Physio-pathological basis. PMID- 7000934 TI - Pediatric adolescent gynecology. PMID- 7000933 TI - Serological analysis of human IgG and IgE anti-insulin antibodies by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7000936 TI - Autogenous medullary (cancellous) bone graft in ozaena. PMID- 7000937 TI - In memoriam Charles Skinner Hallpike. PMID- 7000939 TI - Cinnarizine--a labyrinthine sedative. PMID- 7000941 TI - The relationship of learning disabilities to juvenile delinquency: current status. PMID- 7000940 TI - The wax block metaphor: Plato's views on learning disabilities. PMID- 7000938 TI - The mechanism and clinical significance of optokinetic nystagmus. AB - Observation of optokinetic nystagmus may be of invaluable help in the diagnosis of lesions of the vestibular pathways at all levels from the labyrinth to the cerebral cortex and facilities for its observation are an essential item of modern otological equipment. The majority of the disorders that had been discussed can be recognized on clinical examination with the use of a small optokinetic drum with mechanically or electronically controlled speeds (Table I). In certain cases electro-nystagmographic records may provide further and more precise information. PMID- 7000944 TI - Health services research in the Veterans Administration: An introduction. PMID- 7000945 TI - Current systems research in Veterans Administration hospitals. PMID- 7000943 TI - The application of prognostic criteria in outpatient quality assessment: Control of hypertension. PMID- 7000942 TI - Cardiac transplantation: case report and current status. PMID- 7000946 TI - The Veterans Administration's share of the health care market in New England. PMID- 7000948 TI - Treatment of childhood obesity. PMID- 7000947 TI - Psychiatric bed needs: quantifying the impact of alternative services. PMID- 7000949 TI - Double blind comparative study of tinidazole and ornidazole as a single dose treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. PMID- 7000951 TI - Immunocharacteristics of oestrogen and androgen target cells in the anterior pituitary gland of the chick embryo as demonstrated by a combined method of autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. AB - The distribution of oestrogen and androgen target cells in the anterior pituitary gland of the chick embryo on days 10, 12 and 15 of incubation was studied 1 h after the injection of tritium-labelled steroid hormone using the thaw-mount autoradiographic technique. Oestradiol target cells were localized in the caudal zone that corresponds to the so-called 'caudal lobe', while androgen target cells were found throughout the rostral and caudal lobes of the anterior pituitary gland. With a combined autoradiography and immunohistochemistry technique, most of the oestrogen target cells showed immunoreactivity to turkey LH antiserum but not to adrenocorticotrophin (1-24) and beta-thyrotrophin antisera. In contrast, androgen target cells did not show positive immunoreactivity to the three antisera used. The results suggested a direct and early involvement of oestrogens but not of androgens in the feedback regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion in the chick embryo. PMID- 7000950 TI - Effects of synthetic mammalian gonadotrophin releasing hormone and dogfish hypothalamic extracts on levels of androgens and oestradiol in the circulation of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). AB - Intravenous injection of synthetic mammalian gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH; 5 microgram per fish) induced a significant increase in androgen levels in the circulation of male dogfish within 4 h. Female dogfish injected with 10 microgram GnRN in November showed significantly raised plasma levels of androgens and oestradiol-17 beta after 90 min as well as an increase in the rat of oviposition. Twice this dose of GnRH failed to produce significant increases in plasma levels of oestradiol in female dogfish in February and the androgen response in these animals was less than that seen after injection of GnRH in November. Injection of an acid extract of dogfish hypothalamus significantly increased plasma levels of androgen and oestradiol in female fish when they were compared with control fish injected with extracts of dogfish cerebellum and the latency of response was similar to that encountered when GnRH was injected. It was concluded that the dogfish hypothalamus contains a factor capable of increasing plasma sex steroid levels in the same species and which is similar in its effects to mammalian GnRH. PMID- 7000952 TI - Evidence for a role of glucocorticoids in the development of insulin resistance after ischaemic limb injury in the rat. AB - Bilateral hind-limb ischaemia in the rat is known to cause insulin resistance, as shown by a sustained rise in plasma glucose concentration with a decreased metabolic clearance rate but no fall in plasma insulin. However, when the concomitant rise in the plasma concentration of corticosterone was diminished by an inhibitor of its biosynthesis, trilostane (WIN 24 540), the hyperglycaemia became transient. The mechanism of this effect has now been studied by measuring the rate of disappearance of [5-3H,U-14C]glucose and the concentration of insulin in plasma. Trilostane did not alter the rate of glucose production or the 3H : 14C ratio (an index of recycling through gluconeogenic precursors). It did , however, raise the metabolic clearance rate while lowering the plasma insulin concentration, i.e. peripheral sensitivity and/or responsiveness to insulin was increased. Insulin resistance was restored by giving corticosterone together with trilostane. Thus an increased concentration of corticosterone in the plasma was necessary for the full development of insulin resistance following ischaemic limb injury. It was, however, probably not the only factor since a similar dose of corticosterone did not lead to hyperglycaemia in uninjured rats. PMID- 7000953 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing factor in pituitary stalk plasma from long-term ovariectomized rats: effects of steroids. AB - The concentration of LH releasing factor (LH-RF) was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood collected from the cut pituitary stalk of long-term ovariectomized rats anaesthetized with Althesin. Stalk plasma LH-RF concentrations were increased immediately after ovariectomy (carried out at oestrus) and low at 2 and 4 days after operation. The concentrations then began to increase to reach a level at 24 28 days which was significantly higher than the concentrations during the oestrous cycle except for the time of the ovulatory surge at pro-oestrus. This pattern was similar to that of the concentrations of LH in jugular venous plasma taken from the same animals before exposure of the pituitary stalk. Like peripheral plasma LH concentrations, the concentrations of LH-RF in stalk plasma fluctuated and fell significantly and rapidly after the intravenous injection of 1 microgram oestradiol-17 beta. The release of LH-RF in long-term ovariectomized rats, into which had been implanted an oestradiol-containing Silastic capsule, was similar to the diurnal pattern of LH release; the afternoon increase in stalk plasma LH-RF concentration could be blocked by sodium pentobarbitone administered at 13.00 h and augmented by administering this anaesthetic at 13.00 h of the preceding day. The stalk plasma LH-RF concentrations in animals injected with oestradiol benzoate (OB) followed 72 h later with either OB or progesterone were lower than the concentrations in animals injected only with oil. These data show that in the rat (1) ovarian steroids could moderate LH release ('negative feedback') by inhibiting LH-RF release, and that in long-term ovariectomized animals (2) the oestradiol-induced circadian pattern of LH release is due to a circadian pattern of LH-RF release, and (3) the surge of LH produced by administering OB followed by either OB or progesterone is probably due mainly to a massive increase in the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to LH RF. PMID- 7000954 TI - A neural basis for central inhibition of milk ejection in the rabbit. AB - Discrete, transverse stereotaxic cuts in th forebrain of the anesthetized lactating rabbit caused spontaneous milk-ejection responses repeated at intervals of 1-5 min. The region of the brain in which cuts were effective included the diagonal band of Broca, the entire rostrocaudal extent of the dorsal medial septum, part of the cingulum and part of the hippocampal fimbria. It is proposed that severance of a septo-hippocampal patway frees the hippocampus from inhibition and allows oxytocin release to occur. It remains to be determined whether the hippocampus itself is directly responsible for periodic activation of neurosecretory cells. PMID- 7000955 TI - Increased sodium appetite in adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized rats after intracranial injections of renin or angiotensin II. AB - Rats given free access to food, water and 2.7% NaCl and injected with either renin or angiotensin II into the preoptic area showed an immediate increase in water intake followed by an increase in intake of 2.7% NaCl. The rats continued to drink the hypertonic NaCl solution throughout the test session of 18 h. Intracranial injections of the dipsogen, carbachol, caused thirst but no sodium appetite. Bilateral adrenalectomy had no effect on either the initial water intake or the delayed intake of NaCl that was induced by intracranial injections of renin or angiotensin II. However, the increased water intake during the 18 h after the administration of renin was reduced to normal levels in adrenalectomized rats. Similar results were obtained with hypophysectomized rats. These results demonstrated that the delayed sodium appetite induced by renin or angiotensin II is not secondary to the stimulation of release of hormones from the pituitary gland or adrenal cortex. PMID- 7000956 TI - Effects of adrenaline and amino acids on the release of insulin in the sheep fetus. AB - The effects of adrenaline and amino acids on beta-cell function have been investigated in chronically catheterized fetal sheep. Infusion of adrenaline (1 microgram/min) abolished the normal beta-cell response to both glucose and arginine. The adrenaline infusion also caused hyperglycaemia and a reduction in the basal plasma insulin concentration in the fetus in the period before the infusion of glucose or arginine was given. Infusion of amino acids increased the speed and the magnitude of the beta-cell response to glucose. The maximum increment in the fetal insulin level in response to glucose was 68.5 +/- 13.5 (S.E.M.) mu u./ml (n = 5) during amino acid infusion which was significantly greater than the value of 16.1 +/- 3.4 mu u./ml observed in the control experiments. The observations are discussed in relation to the regulation of insulin release in utero. PMID- 7000958 TI - Pancreatic beta-cell function in the fetal foal and mare. AB - Insulin secretion and the factors influencing beta-cell function were investigated in the chronically catheterized fetal foal and mare during the second half of gestation. The response of the fetal beta cells to exogenous glucose was also examined. The mean concentration of insulin in the fetal foal was 7.5 +/- 0.5 (S.E.M.) microunit./ml (n = 20) which was significantly less than the corresponding maternal value of 49.0 +/- 5.0 microunit./ml (n = 20, P < 0.01). The insulin concentration in non-pregnant horses was 24.5 +/- 1.5 microunit./ml (n = 5) which was significantly less than the value in the pregnant animals (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mean glucose concentration between the groups of adult animals. The insulin concentration was related to the endogenous glucose level in both adult and fetal horses. Wide variation in the maternal insulin concentration was observed above a glucose concentration of about 5.0 mmol/l. The mean concentration of insulin in pregnant mares decreased with increasing gestational age while the mean glucose concentration remained unaltered throughout the second half of gestation. There was no change in the basal concentrations of insulin or glucose in the fetus with gestational age although the fetal beta-cell response to exogenous glucose appeared to increase with increasing fetal age after 270 days of gestation (term 330 days). There was a significant arterio-venous difference in the concentration of insulin across the gravid uterus in the mare when the arterial insulin level was greater than 30 microunits./ml. Below this value, there was no consistent uptake of insulin by the uterus. The observations are discussed in relation to the regulation of insulin release in utero and the effects of pregnancy on maternal beta-cell function. PMID- 7000957 TI - Progesterone levels after induction of ovulation in dioestrous rats. AB - Maximal levels of progesterone in the plasma after premature ovulation induced by either the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) to dioestrous (day 0) rats were observed from 33 to 45 h/but/decreased/3 h earlier than after spontaneous ovulation. This suggested an earlier decline in the secretory activity of corpora lutea formed from premature ovulations than that of corpora lutea formed during a normal oestrous cycle. The next spontaneous ovulation occurred 4 days (day 5) after premature ovulation induced by LH-RH on day 0. A single s.c. injection of 2.5 microgram oestradiol-17 beta (OE2) at 10.00 h on day 2 to these animals advanced the next spontaneous ovulation by 1 day. A normal number of oocytes was shed, indicating that earlier secretion of oestrogen on day 2 had advanced the next spontaneous ovulation. A single injection of 2.5 microgram OE2 to normal 4-day cyclic rats at metoestrus failed to advance the next ovulation. An earlier decline of progesterone levels in the plasma of rats after premature ovulation as compared with spontaneous ovulation may explain the greater effectiveness of oestrogen in the former group. The progesterone surge was observed during the period of premature ovulation in both HCG- and LH-RH-treated groups. This progesterone release in the periovulatory period may be responsible for the inhibition of gonadotrophin surges on the expected day of proestrus (day 1). PMID- 7000959 TI - Dr Elizabeth Marion Deuchar (1927-1979). PMID- 7000960 TI - The site of action of the naked locus (N) in the mouse as determined by dermal epidermal recombinations. AB - The dermal-epidermal recombination technique was used to determine the site of action of the naked (N) locus in the skin of the mouse. The skin of athymic (nude) mice was used as a host site for growth of recombined epidermis and dermis from 13- and 14-day N/+ and +/+ embryos. Grafts that contained mutant epidermis lost their hair by 26 days after grafting (at the end of the first hair cycle) and again after 47 days (at the end of the second hair cycle); grafts that contained normal epidermis retained hair throughout the experiment. It was concluded that the N locus acts in the epidermis. PMID- 7000961 TI - Changes in the patterns of collagens and fibronectin during limb-bud chondrogenesis. AB - The distribution and sequence of appearance of fibronectin and of type-I and type II collagen in the developing cartilage models of embryonic chick hind-limb buds was studied by immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies directed against these proteins. Fibronectin and type-I collagen are evenly distributed throughout the intercellular space of the mesenchyme prior to condensation of core mesenchyme of the limb anlage and formation of the cartilage blastema. With the onset of the condensation process fibronectin and type-I collagen appear to increase in the cartilage blastema compared to the surrounding loose mesenchyme, reaching a maximal density at the time of cartilage differentiation. The latter process is marked by the appearance of type-II collagen in the cartilage blastema. As cartilage differentiation progresses, type-I collagen is gradually replaced by type-II collagen; fibronectin disappears and is completely absent from mature cartilage. The transient appearance of type-I collagen and fibronectin suggests a temporal role in cell-matrix or cell-cell interactions in chondrogenesis, since it had been shown that (a) type-I collagen substrates stimulate cell proliferation and cartilage differentiation in limb-bud mesenchyme cell cultures; (b) fibronectin mediates attachment of cells to collagen substrates; and (c) fibronectin is directly involved in cellular interactions in chondrocyte cultures. PMID- 7000962 TI - Microsurgery of eye vessels. AB - The results of 20 experiments performed on aortas and femoral arteries of rats and 150 experimental procedures performed on isolated posterior long ciliary arteries of cadaver eyes are presented. The authors draw the conclusion that it is possible in principle to perform surgical intervention on the eye vessels. The selection of microsurgical instruments, needles, and suture materials is discussed, and the ophthalmologic applications of this type of vascular surgery are contemplated. PMID- 7000964 TI - Amyloid P-component is a constituent of normal human glomerular basement membrane. AB - Glomerular and other vascular basement membranes were found to contain an antigen that was immunochemically indistinguishable from serum amyloid P-component. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between antisera to serum amyloid P component and to collagen types I, III, IV, or V. The amyloid P-component antigen was confined to the endothelial aspect, the lamina rara interna, of glomerular basement membrane. It could not be eluted by high-ionic-strength saline, EDTA, dithiothreitol, or either polar or nonpolar detergents, but was released into solution when isolated glomerular basement membrane was digested by highly purified bacterial collagenase. Most of these P-component molecules and their constituent polypeptide chains were of higher molecular weight and lower isoelectric point than serum amyloid P-component. These findings indicate that, as well as being a normal plasma protein and a universal constituent of amyloid deposits, P-component is also a normal matrix glycoprotein of basement membrane in which it is covalently linked to collagen and/or other matrix proteins. This may be relevant both to the pathogenesis of amyloidosis and to other aspects of physiology and pathology of basement membranes. PMID- 7000965 TI - Epidermal proliferation of nude mouse skin, pig skin, and pig skin grafts. Failure of nude mouse skin to respond to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate. AB - Human skin transplanted to nude mice offers a possible experimental system for the study of normal epidermal proliferation and differentiation, and for their pathological counterparts. Crucial to the development of such a system is the demonstration that such grafts retain the responsive features of donor skin. To document that donor proliferative characteristics are maintained in the grafts, a comparative analysis of agents that induce proliferation was made on skin of mice homozygous and heterozygous for nude, on pig skin, and on pig skin transplanted onto nude mice. A wave of epidermal proliferation could be induced in pig skin and pig skin grafted onto nude mice, but not in nude mouse skin after the topical application of 10 ng 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). A 10-fold greater concentration of TPA or 5% croton oil induced proliferation in all species of epidermis studied. Mice, heterozygous for nude, showed a normal response to 10 ng TPA, suggesting that the ability to respond to TPA may be related, in part, to a recessive genetic trait. Nude mouse skin transplanted to a heterozygous littermate capable of responding to 10 ng TPA does not respond. These observations argue that: the graft retains its donor proliferative characteristics when transplanted to the nude, and the inability of the nude mouse to respond to lower doses of TPA may be related to absorption, the nude gene(s), or an inherent threshold to response. The lack of response to the promoter TPA provides a plausible explanation for the decreased incidence of tumors arising in nude mice during two-stage carcinogenesis experiments. PMID- 7000963 TI - The history of the microscope in ocular surgery. AB - Microsurgery had its origins in ocular surgery. The development of the operating microscope and its accessories and complementary instruments, such as the surgical ophthalmometer, is reviewed from 1876 to the present. PMID- 7000969 TI - [Pancreatic B cell peptides: kinetic behaviour and concentrations of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide in plasma and urine, problems of assay methods, clinical significance and literature review (author's transl)]. AB - The kinetics and the concentrations of B-cell peptides in plasma and urine are reviewed. Methodical problems in the determination of proinsulin, free and antibody-bound insulin and C-peptide are discussed, together with the possible application of these methods in the control of insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7000968 TI - Magnesium metabolism: a review. AB - The main literature concerning the physiology and biochemistry as well as the pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of magnesium is reviewed, including: Distribution and physico-chemical state of magnesium in the extracellular and intracellular fluid as well as in the subcellular organelles (membranes, mitochondria, microsomes, ribosomes). Intestinal resorption, transport across membranes and excretion by the kidney. Hormonal regulation of magnesium distribution and its clinical disturbances. Biochemical mechanism and the clinical effects of hypo- and hypermagnesemia. PMID- 7000967 TI - Lectin receptors as markers for Trypanosoma cruzi. Developmental stages and a study of the interaction of wheat germ agglutinin with sialic acid residues on epimastigote cells. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi at various stages of maturation and differentiation have been isolated by conventional cellular fractionation procedures and characterized by cell surface markers using 30 highly purified lectins encompassing all known sugar specificities. Cell surface carbohydrates of the various T. cruzi stages were analyzed by agglutination and lectin-binding assays. Specific receptors for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Helix pomatia, Sophora japonica, and Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin II were found only in culture epimastigotes, whereas peanut agglutinin (PNA) sites were present exclusively in amastigotes, those for Phaseolus vulgaris in bloodstream trypomastigotes and amastigotes, and for Wistaria floribunda hemagglutinin predominantly in culture forms of T. cruzi. The N-acetylgalactosamine (DGalNAc)-binding lectin from Bauhinia purpurea agglutinated and inhibited the movement of epimastigotes and bloodstream trypomastigotes, but it only inhibited--without agglutinating--culture trypomastigotes. Because both the agglutination and inhibition of movement were reversed by specific sugar haptens, Bauhinia purpurea sites were present in all the flagellated parasites. On the other hand, PNA sites were detectable on epimastigotes after the cells were treated with sialidase, whereas, at the same time, WGA receptors were completely removed and those for the other sialic acid binding proteins, Aaptos papillata lectin II and Limulus polyphemus, were partially eliminated; moreover, the activity of Wistaria floribunda hemagglutinin, a DGalNAc-binding lectin, increased 4,000 times. Trypsinization and lyzozyme treatment of epimastigote cells did not significantly affect lectin agglutination or lectin binding. WGA reacted solely with sialic acid residues on epimastigote cell surface with an apparent association constant of 2 x 10(6) M-1, each epimastigote having an estimated average of 3 x 10(6) WGA sites, as determined by binding experiments and a minimum of 7.7 x 10(6) sialic acid residues, as calculated by colorimetric method after sialidase digestion. Evidences are presented that the sialyl residues are rapidly regenerated (in approximately 4 h) and that they, at least for the most part, are not adsorbed from the culture medium. The receptor for the D-mannose-binding lectins (concanavalin A [Con A] and Lens culinaris) must either be on the same carbohydrate moiety having the WGA site, or, if in a distinct molecule, both carrier molecules of Con A and WGA sites must be located close to each other in the plasma membrane of the parasite. PMID- 7000970 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme-immuno-assay for the determination of total serum estrogens in pregnancy. AB - We have evaluated a new diagnostic kit for the determination of total estrogens in serum or plasma of pregnant women by means of an enzyme-immuno-assay. Within run precision had a coefficient of variation of 4.7-4.9% for total estrogen concentrations of 400 to 2000 nmol/l. For the same range of concentrations, day to-day precision was found to be 5.9-8.9%. Mean analytic recovery of unconjugated estriol was 102%. Enzymatic hydrolysis of different estrogen conjugates was shown to be virtually complete. The antiserum used in the assay has the same affinity for estrone, estradiol and estriol. Preliminary clinical studies included 14 pregnant women. The results suggest that the determination of total estrogens in pregnancy plasma can be used to monitor fetoplacental function in much the same way as urine total estrogens are used. PMID- 7000971 TI - Radioenzymatic determination of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in 0.1 ml plasma samples: plasma catecholamine response to submaximal and near maximal exercise. AB - A sensitive enzymatic isotope derivative method for simultaneous determination of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in 0.1 ml plasma samples is described. The assay consists basically of 1. conversion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine into their respective methyl-derivates in the presence of catechol-O methyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine-[3H]methyl, 2. extraction of the methylated 3H labelled amines with diethyl ether, 3. separation by thin-layer chromatography, 4. measurement in a beta radiation scintillation counter. The effect of standing upright and of submaximal and near-maximal steady state exercise on plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and plasma renin was studied in 16 young adults aged 22 to 34 years and 9 physically well trained boys 16-17 years old. Standing upright for 2 min did not results in significant changes in either epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine or plasma renin activity compared with supine (basal) values. During exercise, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and plasma renin activity increased exponentially with the work load, peak values being attained at the highest load or immediately after cessation of exercise. The respective maximal values for plasma renin activity and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were approximately 3, 6 and 10 fold higher than basal values in the adults, and rose as high as 4, 10 and 20 fold in the boys. Peak dopamine values were only 2-3 times higher than the basal values in both adults and boys. It is concluded that the method described provides a suitable tool for a quantitative assessment of adreno-sympathetic tone during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 7000966 TI - Degradation of connective tissue matrices by macrophages. I. Proteolysis of elastin, glycoproteins, and collagen by proteinases isolated from macrophages. AB - We have investigated the ability of neutral and lysosomal enzymes of mouse macrophages to degrade the insoluble extracellular matrices secreted by smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Matrices produced by smooth muscle cells contained glycoproteins, elastin, and collagens, but matrices of endothelial cells and fibroblasts contained no elastin. Sequential enzyme digestion of residual matrix revealed that plasmin, a product of macrophage plasminogen activation, degraded 50-70% of the glycoprotein in the matrices but did not degrade the elastin or the collagens. Purified macrophage elastase degraded glycoprotein and elastin components but had no effect on the collagens. The rate of elastin degradation by macrophage elastase was decreased in the presence of the glycoproteins. In contrast, human granulocyte elastase effectively degraded the matrix glycoproteins, elastin, and, to a lesser extent, collagens, Mammalian collagenase degraded only collagens. Conditioned medium from resident and inflammatory macrophages, containing mixtures of the secreted proteinases, degraded the glycoprotein and elastin components of the matrices. However, conditioned medium was less effective in degrading matrix than comparable amounts of purified macrophage elastase because > 90% of the elastase in the medium was in a latent form. Inclusion of plasminogen in the assays accelerated degradation. In the presence of plasminogen, glycoproteins were degraded readily by medium from P388D1, pyran copolymer-, thioglycollate-, and periodate-elicited macrophages and, to a lesser extent, by medium from endotoxin elicited and resident macrophages; medium from P388D1, thioglycollate-, and periodate-elicited macrophages was most effective in elastin degradation, and resident, endotoxin-elicited and pyran copolymer-elicited macrophages degraded almost no elastin. The macrophage cathepsins D and B degraded all the matrix components at an optimum pH of 5.5 and acted with the secreted neutral proteinases to degrade the connective tissue macromolecules to amino acids and oligopeptides. These data indicate that macrophages at inflammatory sites contain and secrete proteolytic enzymes that could degrade the extracellular matrix. PMID- 7000972 TI - Responses of the human skeleton to changes in the quality of life. AB - Americans have been getting taller for more than a century, and within this century their life expectancy has risen markedly. Descendants of some of the immigrants who arrived from Europe early in this century have heads with shapes that differ from those of relatives back in the Old World. Before they were born head shape was assumed to be one of mankind's most stable features. These examples of population change reflect the fact that in America the quality of life has improved more rapidly and widely than elsewhere. Forensic anthropologists have been adjusting their identification techniques to compensate for these population changes. Among other things, they have used data collected in connection with the military programs to repatriate the American dead of World War II and the Korean War. PMID- 7000973 TI - Eradication of hookworm disease in Florida. PMID- 7000974 TI - The bloodletters of Florida. PMID- 7000975 TI - Florida medicine and the war between the states. PMID- 7000976 TI - Effect of maltose on the electroencephalogram of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rabbits. PMID- 7000977 TI - Studies on glucose nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. II. Transferable drug resistance in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. PMID- 7000978 TI - Lecithin in Parkinson's disease. AB - Pathological and biochemical evidence reviewed favours the hypothesis that the dementia seen in Parkinson's disease, particularly after long-term levodopa therapy, is akin to Alzheimer's disease. We postulate, in late Parkinson's disease, the development of a relative cholinergic deficiency due to the accelerated process of aging and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (with choline acetyl transferase deficiency.) This process would be enhanced by the imbalance in favour of dopaminergic predominance caused by chronic levodopa therapy, and would partially explain the increase in dementia. As a test of this hypothesis we have given 10 levodopa-treated parkinsonian patients with dementia, a regimen of lecithin (average 20 gms/day). A clear improvement in Kohs block design test of constructive ability was noted with a decrease in the toxic symptoms of confusion, hallucinations and nightmares. In another study lecithin produced a decrease in levodopa-induced abnormal movements, but at the expense of motor performance. These preliminary investigations indicate that the progressive dementia of Parkinson's disease may not be irreversible. PMID- 7000979 TI - On the mechanism of the antiparkinsonian action of 1-DOPA and bromocriptine: a theoretical and experimental analysis of dopamine receptor sub- and supersensitivity. AB - Further advancements in the development of antiparkinsonian drugs are highly dependent on a better understanding of the biochemical changes present in the "supersensitive DA receptors". The present paper stresses also the importance of the development of behavioural models for studies on supersensitive DA receptors (rotational behaviour in 6-OHDA lesioned rats) and on intact DA receptors, i.e. rotational behaviour in KA lesioned rats. The relevance of heuristic models for DA receptor sub- and supersensitivity is underlined. The pharmacological findings with bromocriptine indicate that its ability to reduce the on-off phenomenon in patients could be due to its longlasting and rather constant activation of supersensitive DA receptors, and its partial DA agonist activity at DA receptors not linked to adenylate cyclase. The concept is introduced that to understand DA receptor sub-supersensitivity it is of help to postulate variations in the numbers of coupled DA receptors as an important factor. The behavioural experiments with elymoclavine further underline this view by indicating increases in the working range at supersensitive DA receptors although the amount of agonist is reduced. Furthermore, the concept has been introduced that the DA receptor supersensitivity development does not depend only on the deficit of the transmitter but possibly also on the deficit of a presynaptically released trophic factor. This factor could play a critical role in the control of the biochemical machinery of the postsynaptic cell, e.g. receptor synthesis, formation of catalytic units and of compounds which can enhance the coupling between receptors and the biological effector. PMID- 7000980 TI - Studies of the role of catalytic and conformational metals in producing enzymatic activity in yeast enolase. PMID- 7000982 TI - Global and regional cerebral blood flow. Noninvasive quantitation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Since inert gas washout techniques for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement are not applicable to asymmetrical pathological states where assumptions about constancy of distribution, volume, and partition coefficients cannot be held to be valid, a new approach to regional and global CBF is described. Regional volume and regional mean transit time are measured independently to give regional volume flow in ml/min. In a pilot study, this noninvasive, quantitative technique has been applied to 37 patients with various clinical responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Global CBF and clinical grading were significantly associated. Reduction of regional CBF and spasm of the relevant arterial supply were also significantly associated in these patients. PMID- 7000981 TI - EAE, EAN and galactocerebroside sera bind to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. AB - Sera from rabbits with EAN induced by sensitization with galactocerebroside (GalC EAN) bound to the surface of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in rat nervous system dispersion cultures. Sera from rabbits with bovine femoral nerve-induced EAN (FN-EAN) bound to Schwann cells, oligodendroglia and occasional fibroblasts. Sera from animals with bovine spinal cord-induced EAE (SC-EAE) bound to these cells and to some astrocytes as well. Absorption of the capacity to bind to oligodendroglia and Schwann cells suggests that GalC is the major, if not the only surface antigen on these two cell types to which these sera bind. The capacity of GalC-EAN, SC-EAE, and FN-EAN sera to bind to the surface of the cells responsible for myelin synthesis in both PNS and CNS correlates with the ability of these sera to cause both PNS and CNS demyelination in vitro and PNS demyelination in vivo. PMID- 7000984 TI - New frame for stereotaxic surgery. Technical note. AB - A new frame designed for stereotaxic surgery allows performance of a one-stage procedure without the need for mathematical calculation or the use of atlases or diagrams. This frame simulates the reference line in the center of the brain with two lines, one on each side of the head (on the frame) parallel and equal in length to the reference line and at equal distance from the midline. Lesions can be made easily and accurately on either or both sides in a one-stage procedure with use of precise data for the target through any specific or pre-existing burr hole. PMID- 7000985 TI - Primary reticulum-cell sarcoma (microglioma) of the brain with massive cardiac metastasis. Case report. AB - A patient is presented with reticulum-cell sarcoma of the brain and a large metastasis to the heart. PMID- 7000986 TI - A psychiatric perspective of medical history. PMID- 7000983 TI - Cerebral vasodilation and prostacyclin. The effects of aspirin and meclofenamate in vitro. AB - The effects of aspirin and meclofenamic acid on the diphasic responses produced by prostacyclin in isolated canine basilar arteries were compared. Meclofenamate enhanced the relaxant action of prostacyclin in low concentrations (10(-8)M to 10(-6)M) and also significantly inhibited the contractions caused by the highest concentration (10(-5)M) of this prostaglandin. Aspirin had no such effects. The results indicate that some drugs classified as prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors can directly enhance the vasodilator action of prostacyclin on cerebral arteries, and suggest that this enhancement could be of value in the clinical applications of prostacyclin. PMID- 7000987 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity pleurisy in guinea pigs; demonstration of reduced migration ability of macrophages in vitro. PMID- 7000989 TI - Induction of macrophage DNA synthesis in vitro, by non-immunological inflammatory sera: effect of irradiation and thymus or bone marrow cell reconstitution. AB - The mitogenic activity on macrophages of acute inflammatory serum is increased when this serum is obtained from irradiated rats. Transfer to irradiated rats of normal syngeneic thymic or bone marrow cells enhances the mitogenic activity of inflammatory serum. The enhancement of mitogenic activity is more pronounced after transfer of cells harvested from rats with an acute inflammatory reaction. It is postulated that the mitogenic activity of inflammatory serum could be related to both thymic and bone marrow cells and that this cellular activity is enhanced when inflammation is present. PMID- 7000988 TI - Immuno-histochemical characterisation of cells involved in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. AB - Normal and pathological lymph nodes exhibiting the features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy were analysed by immunochemical methods. Various antisera to human Ia-like antigens, to immunoglobulin, to T cells and myelo-monocytic cells were used. The paracortical enlargement typical of the condition was due to interdigitating cells containing Ia-like antigens on their membrane, and to adjacent T lymphocytes. The intensity of staining with anti-Ia-like serum on the interdigitating cells was comparable to the very strong staining of the fewer reticular cells present in the T dependent areas of normal nodes and normal spleen, and to the staining of Langerhans cells in the skin and appear to be higher than that seen on B lymphoid cells. These cells do not exhibit immunoglobulin and do not react with antisera made against circulating granulocytic and monocytic cells. Since sinus histiocytes of normal nodes and histiocytes in massive lymphadenopathy showed very weak staining with anti-Ia like serum, strong Ia expression seems to be restricted to a subclass of mesenchymal cells which might be involved in the regulation of T cell function. PMID- 7000990 TI - Effects of endotoxin on the histology of intact and athymic mice infected with Plasmodium vinckei petteri. AB - Apparently healthy intact and athymic mice with low to moderate parasitaemias of P. vinckei petteri are very susceptible to the harmful effects of Endotoxin (LPS). The histological changes seen in such mice after injection of a small dose of LPS closely resemble those seen in mice terminally infected with this parasite. Thus the onset of pathology could be hastened by giving a little LPS. Both groups of intact mice showed foci of hepatic necrosis, severe necrosis in the thymus, and light to moderate necrosis in the germinal centres of the splenic white pulp and Peyer's patches. In contrast liver necrosis was seen in very few of the terminally ill athymic mice and in none of the athymic mice given LPS. Our results imply that the lesions produced by LPS in the liver and lymphoid organs of apparently healthy mice with low to moderate parasitaemias would have eventually developed, without the help of extrinsic LPS, as the parasitaemia rose further and the infection ran its normal fatal course. This would be consistent with an intrinsic LPS-like activity in these terminally infected mice. One possible contributor to the liver necrosis seen in this infection is a T dependent mediator reported to block enzyme induction. Any proposal for the mechanism of this damage must explain its rarity in athymic mice, its induction by LPS in intact but not athymic mice, and host differences in parasite density at which it occurs. PMID- 7000991 TI - Accumulation of T cells and local anti-PPD antibody production in lymphokine mediated chronic peritoneal inflammation in the guinea pig. AB - The role of lymphokines in chornic peritoneal inflammation in the guinea pig has been investigated. A model of chronic inflammation was used in which a large intraperitoneal accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes occurred, following repeated local injection of PPD into FCA-immunised animals. Activity attributable to the lymphokine, MIF could be demonstrated in chronic peritoneal exudate fractions even after several weeks of continuous stimulation. Characterisation of the lymphoid infiltrates revealed a large predominance of T cells. Very high percentages but low absolute numbers of T lymphocytes were also found in chronic peritoneal exudates of non-preimmunised, continuously stimulated guinea pigs. Ectopic lymphoid foci were found only in the peritoneal lining tissue of the preimmunised animals and were shown to contain many anti-PPD antibody producing cells. These lymphoid foci may have been induced by the continuous local generation of lymphokines. Their presence suggests that significant local, specific antibody production is particularly likely to occur in chornic inflammation with a delayed hypersensitivity component. PMID- 7000992 TI - The mesothelium; techniques for investigating the origin, nature and behaviour of mesothelial cells. AB - To overcome some of the difficulties encountered in studying single layers of mesothelial cells, a battery of techniques was investigated, assessed, and modified. It was found that two main methods were of value: cell monolayers and surface sections. Imprint monolayers on slides coated with 3% gelatin were considered to provide the optimal imprint for cell kinetics and cytochemical assays at room temperature. On the other hand, slides coated with agar were more satisfactory for cytochemical techniques performed at 37 degrees C. The cell deposit techniques were excellent for studying mesothelial cells in suspension. Investigation of cultured cells was best achieved by the use of a cell-mat on coverglasses for cytochemistry, while the base of the culture vessel with its own cell-mat monolayer was best for kinetic studies. This investigation demonstrated that maximum information is only gained by employing several different techniques. It also indicates which of these will be of greatest value in assessing any one particular aspect of mesothelial pathobiology. PMID- 7000993 TI - Identifying the child at risk for coronary disease as an adult: A strategy for prevention. PMID- 7000995 TI - Long-term survival in a case of functional pancreatic agenesis. PMID- 7000994 TI - Adherence of group A streptococci to buccal epithelial cells from children of various ages. PMID- 7000996 TI - Hematologic and bacteriologic assessment of autologous cord blood for neonatal transfusions. PMID- 7000999 TI - Spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b: recent epidemiologic and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7000998 TI - A randomized, controlled study of oral gentamicin in the treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7000997 TI - Cortical hyperostosis following long-term administration of prostaglandin E1 in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 7001001 TI - As it was in the beginning. . . PMID- 7001000 TI - Normalization of blood glucose in pregnant diabetics with the maximal tolerated dose (M.T.D.) of insulin. PMID- 7001002 TI - The Royal Naval Medical Air Evacuation Unit. PMID- 7001006 TI - Ovine placental lactogen in the cotyledonary and intercotyledonary placenta of the ewe. AB - Antibodies raised against purified ovine placental lactogen were used to demonstrate the cellular localization of the hormone in tissues of the ewe placenta and chorionic membranes by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Although binucleate cells have been shown to appear as early as Day 16 of pregnancy, ovine placental lactogen was not detected in the trophoblast until Day 22, and in substnatial numbers of cells until Day 80, of gestation. In the more mature placenta, lactogen-immunoreactive material was demonstrated in (a) binucleate cells of the fetal trophoblast, (b) uninucleate cells associated with the maternal epithelium syncytium and (c) binucleate cells of the chorionic membranes. PMID- 7001003 TI - Struck by lightning--the effects upon the men and the ships of HM Navy. PMID- 7001004 TI - Long-term effects of vasectomy on prostatic function in men. AB - The seminal plasma constituents of acid phosphatase, maltase, citric acid, prolactin, zinc and magnesium were measured in men vasectomized for 1-8 years. Compared with values obtained for a group of normal fertile men, all the constituents, except acid phosphatase which was unchanged, decreased significantly after vasectomy, but not progressively so. Since the constituents measured are believed to be of prostatic origin, the results suggest that vasectomy in men decreases the secretory function of the prostate gland. PMID- 7001005 TI - Induction of implantation by androgens in mice with delayed implantation. AB - Testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) were able to mimic the action of oestradiol-17 beta in initiating implantation in ovariectomized, progesterone-treated mice. Cyproterone acetate and CI-628 were capable of inhibiting the testosterone-induced response, but CI-628 citrate prevented only the 5 alpha-DHT-mediated implantation reaction. It is suggested that testosterone acts through testosterone and oestrogen receptors while 5 alpha-DHT acts only through oestrogen receptors. PMID- 7001007 TI - Hypothalamic centres involved in the control of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 7001008 TI - Stimulation of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) proacrosin activation by oviduct fluid. AB - Pronase-resistant low molecular weight stimulators for the activation of proacrosin to acrosin were found in rhesus monkey oviduct fluid collected before, during and after ovulation, but the presence of high concentrations of acrosin inhibitors before and after ovulation partly masked the stimulation in unfractionated fluid. This low molecular weight fraction of oviduct fluid had no detectable esterase or amidase activity by itself, and the stimulating factors were sensitive to digestion by hyaluronidase and chondroitin ABC lyase and were presumed to be glycosaminoglycans. Heparin and hyaluronic acid had similar effects. The presence of soluble glycosaminoglycans at the site of fertilization suggests that they may have a role in capacitation and fertilization. PMID- 7001009 TI - Pitutary responsiveness to LH-RH, the occurrence of oestradiol- 17 beta-induced LH-positive feedback and the resumption of oestrous cycles in ewes post partum. AB - The relationship between pituitary responsiveness to exogenous LH-RH, return of oestradiol-17 beta-induced positive-feedback effect on LH release and the resumption of oestrous cycles were studied in Merino ewes lambing in the breeding season. The mean (+/- s.e.m.) increase in plasma LH 2 h after 50 micrograms LH-RH i.v. was reduced (P < 0.001) in ewes tested in the last 4 weeks of pregnancy (8.6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml, N = 29) but was similar (P > 0.05) for non-parturient dioestrous ewes (N = 31) and for anoestrous ewes tested around 14 (N = 50) and 28 (N = 51) days post partum (30 +/- 3.9, 37.8 +/- 4.0, 39. 0 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, respectively). Oestradiol-positive feedback was absent in 68.6% (35/51) and 54% (27/50) of ewes tested around 14 and 28 days post partum, respectively. Neither LH-RH responsiveness nor the presence of oestradiol-postive feedback was related to the incidence of 61.9%, 166/268) or interval to (62 +/- 2.2 days, N = 99) first oestrus post partum. We suggest that these endocrine responses do not represent factor limiting the resumption of ovarian cyclicity post partum. PMID- 7001010 TI - Sperm populations in the female genital tract of the rabbit. AB - Spermatozoa were recovered from the uteri and oviducts of mated does between 0 and 14 h post coitum (p.c.). The proportion of spermatozoa binding IgG before and after treatment with normal rabbit serum was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Most spermatozoa recovered from the oviduct and from the uterus < 3 h p.c. did not bind IgG, in contrast to those of the ejaculate which did, and those from the uterus 4--10 h p.c. which were already coated with IgG when recovered. Spermatozoa transferred at 2 h p.c. to a recipient doe did not bind IgG 4 h later although a 6 h sample of the donor's spermatozoa did so; only approximately 150 of these spermatozoa were needed for all fertilized eggs/doe, whereas 10(4)- 10(5) ejaculated spermatozoa were required when similarly inseminated. We suggest that the small numbers of spermatozoa that do not coat with IgG and are first through the cervix are those which normally fertilize. Whether they are are separate population in the ejaculate is uncertain. PMID- 7001011 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by the rat uterus and ovary in vitro during the oestrous cycle. AB - The major prostaglandin (PG) synthesized by homogenates of the rat uterus and ovary in vitro was prostacyclin (PGI-2), has reflected by the amounts of 6-oxo PGF-1 alpha produced. Thromboxane production by both tissues was low, whereas appreciable quantities of PGF-2 alpha, PGE-2 and PGD-2 were produced. Prostaglandin production by the uterus was higher on Day 1 (oestrus) than on Day 3 (dioestrus), although the ratio of the amounts of the PGs formed remained fairly constant for each day. There was no daily variation in the amounts of PGs synthesized by the ovary. Metabolism of PGF-2 alpha by the rat uterus and ovaries was generally low, although the ovaries had a higher metabolizing capacity than the uterus. Metabolism by the uterus was higher on Day 1 than on Day 3 of the cycle. The decreased production of PG by the uterus on Day 3 is therefore not due to increased metabolism. PMID- 7001013 TI - Ultrasonically guided transabdominal encephalocentesis. AB - Transabdominal craniocentesis for the decompression of an advanced hydrocephalic fetal skull was performed under high-speed, sector scanning ultrasonic guidance. This technique can be used to facilitate delivery of a hydrocephalic fetal skull via the vaginal or abdominal route. The ability to monitor internal landmarks while advancing the needle is a decided advantage over the fluoroscopic technique. PMID- 7001012 TI - Synchronization of oestrus in adult female rats by utilizing the paradoxical effects of an LH-RH agonist. AB - Implantation of 25 microgram per rat of an LH-RH agonist, [Des-Gly10,D Ala6,lProNHEt9]LH-RH, contained within a cholesterol matrix pellet caused a complete and continued suppression of oestrus in rats within 3 days. Removal of the pellets after 7 days led to synchronized oestrus 4 days later in 90-95% of the animals (N = 30); the remaining animals became oestrous on the 5th day. Fertility of these treated rats mated at the synchronized oestrus was equivalent to that of a control, sham-operated population allowed to mate over a 3-day period. PMID- 7001014 TI - Effects of dilute acetic acid on cancer cytology. I. Effects on normal tissue. AB - The simultaneous use of exfoliative cytology and colposcopy is occasionally indicated in the detection of cervical cancer. When there is a fragile epithelium in the perimenopausal or postmenopausal woman, the taking of a cytology preparation may cause sufficient vascular injury so that subsequent colposcopy is not possible. A series of patients was subjected to primary colposcopy followed by cytologic testing in order to evaluate the effect of dilute acetic acid on the Papanicolaou preparation. The minimal alterations caused by dilute acetic acid are easily recognized and do not impair the validity of the cytologic technique for cancer detection. PMID- 7001016 TI - A common adnexal mass in an uncommon patient: a case report. AB - Three years after a heart transplant, a woman presented with an adnexal mass that proved to be endometriosis. Her management and its results are presented. PMID- 7001017 TI - Dysmenorrhea: the neglected syndrome. PMID- 7001018 TI - Social and medical attitudes toward dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7001015 TI - Nutritional effects of oral contraceptive use: a review. AB - Oral contraceptives agents (OCA) have been in use for more than two decades, and at the present time, 150 to 200 million women are using the preparations. Apart from their gynecologic influence, the hormones have been shown to affect a number of metabolic and nutritional processes, some advantageously and others disadvantageously. Concern over the nutritional status of females consuming OCA prompted this review. Eight vitamins and three minerals were investigated. Contraceptive steroid ingestion was shown to depress the physiologic levels of six nutrients (riboflavin, pyridoxine, folacin, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid and zinc), elevate the levels of three others (vitamin K, iron and copper) and provide little or no change in one (alpha tocopherol) and questionable increases in another (vitamin A). It was concluded that females consuming OCA should pay particular attention to vitamin and mineral intake and, if warranted, consume physiologic supplements of needed nutrients. PMID- 7001019 TI - Menstrual pain: its origin and pathogenesis. AB - A variety of misconceptions about the etiology of dysmenorrhea have existed in the past. Experimental and clinical research of the last 15 years, however, has identified uterine prostaglandins as substantially contributing to the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea. This paper reviews the various current theories of pathogenicity. It is now known that at the end of the menstrual cycle, prostaglandins increase myometrial contractions and cause constriction of small endometrial blood vessels, with consequent tissue ischemia, endometrial disintegration, bleeding and pain. Dysmenorrhea may be due to tissue ischemia resulting from increased intrauterine pressure, vessel constriction and decreased uterine blood flow. The most compelling evidence for the "prostaglandin theory" is the success of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. The pain relief achieved with these drugs is accompanied by a suppression of prostaglandin synthesis and a decrease in intrauterine pressure. PMID- 7001021 TI - Naproxen sodium (Anaprox): pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. AB - Naproxen sodium (Anaprox) is a potent antiinflammatory and analgesic agent. The drug has demonstrated a variety of biologic actions, including stabilization of lysosomal membranes, but most of its therapeutic activity is probably mediated through prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. The linkage between inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and relief of dysmenorrhea has been documented in clinical studies, reported elsewhere in this supplement. Of relevance is the selective activity of naproxen sodium on uterine microsomal preparations. Once dissolved in biologic fluids, naproxen and naproxen sodium are chemically identical species and have the same biologic properties. Administration of naproxen as the sodium salt (Anaprox), however, permits more rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. In either form, the drug is essentially completely absorbed. Its metabolic half-life averages 13 hours. The metabolism of naproxen is quite simple: it is excreted almost entirely in the urine as the native molecule, its oxidative 6-desmethyl metabolite and their respective conjugates. Naproxen is an acidic drug that is highly bound to plasma albumin. It may thus be expected to displace and transiently increase the tissue availability of other protein-bound drugs. In practice, however, potential interactions with both warfarin and tolbutamide have been evaluated and do not appear to be of clinical significance. Naproxen has a high therapeutic index and a shallow dose response curve, so the effect of other drugs on its pharmacokinetics is not likely to have a large clinical impact. PMID- 7001020 TI - A rationale for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. AB - Studies have elucidated the regulatory interplay between ovarian hormonal changes, prostaglandin levels and the evolution of intrauterine pressure that leads to dysmenorrhea. These studies substantiated the premise that primary dysmenorrhea is caused by endogenous prostaglandin excess and prompted clinical trials with naproxen sodium (Anaprox) in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. The primary action of prostaglandin is constriction of uterine blood vessels, with consequent anoxia and sustained myometrial contraction. Cyclic uterine contractions evolve later but gradually, with the progress of time. However, the cyclic contractions are not perceived as painful. It is important to realize that the source of uterine pain in dysmenorrhea is the high resting intrauterine pressure (tonus). Penetration of excess prostaglandins into general circulation fully accounts for the systemic symptoms of dysmenorrhea (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, etc). Rational treatment of dysmenorrhea should be directed at elimination of the excess prostaglandin action. Naproxen sodium and other prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors decrease intrauterine resting pressure as well as amplitude and frequency of uterine contractions and reduce the uterine concentrations of prostaglandins. These changes are associated with substantial pain relief. Thus, naproxen sodium and other prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors present a logical treatment modality to be used in dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7001022 TI - Primary dysmenorrhea: the therapeutic challenge. PMID- 7001023 TI - A practical approach to the patient with dysmenorrhea. AB - Pelvic pain associated with the menses may be a result of physiologic problems, premenstrual tension syndrome, primary dysmenorrhea or secondary dysmenorrhea. All of these conditions may be caused by both physiologic and psychologic factors. An accurate diagnosis requies a complete history and physical examination and astute assessment of predisposing or aggravating conditions. Diagnosis has been improved through the use of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography and dilatation and curettage. Treatment has been revolutionized with the use of oral contraceptives and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. These diagnostic and therapeutic advances now enable the sympathetic physician to effectively evaluate and treat almost all patients with menstrually related pelvic pain. When all of these approaches fail, the physician should consider psychiatric consultation or referral to pain clinic or gynecologist with special interest in this field. PMID- 7001024 TI - A simplified procedure for the assay of leukocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 7001025 TI - Experimental staphylococcal infection in mice. PMID- 7001026 TI - The ureases of Proteus strains in relation to virulence for the urinary tract. AB - The ureases produced by a large number of strains of different Proteus species, some of which were known to have a special affinity for the urinary tract, were examined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Each Proteus strain gave a pattern of urease isoenzymes that was characteristic and unique to its species although strains of P. Mirabilis and P. vulgaris gave isoenzyme patterns that were closely similar. There was some minor variation in the patterns of urease isoenzymes even between strains of the same species. This was most noticeable among P. rettgeri strains and to a lesser extent among P. vulgaris strains. No correlation was found between the types of ureases a strain produced and its pathogenicity for the urinary tract. PMID- 7001027 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type III in cerebrospinal fluid in experimental meningitis. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type III was developed and applied to the measurement of this antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an experimental model of pneumococcal meningitis. EIA was performed by a single-antibody sandwich technique in which the globulin fraction of pneumococcal type-specific antiserum (antiserum-globulin) was used to coat the solid phase before antigen attachment and to conjugate with the labelling enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. Under optimum assay conditions EIA detected purified pneumococcal type-III capsular polysaccharide in concentrations as low as 0.15 ng/ml in aqueous buffer. Assayed by EIA, the mean concentration of type-III capsular polysaccharide in CSF of rabbits with pneumococcal meningitis increased exponentially from 24 h to 96nh of infection (range 13.9 ng/ml--62 500 ng/ml). Effective antimicrobial therapy of rabbits with meningitis was associated with a rapid decrease in the CSF concentration of the capsular antigen, although it was still detected in concentration in the range 1--10 ng/ml in 100% of animals treated for 4 days. Thus EIA provides a quantitative and extremely sensitive method of measuring type-III pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide in CSF. PMID- 7001028 TI - Direct inguinal hernia in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The surgical repair of a direct inguinal hernia in Macaca fascicularis using the posterior or preperitoneal approach is presented. The success of this surgical approach endorses it as an excellent method of repairing direct inguinal hernia in male primates. PMID- 7001029 TI - An improved direct intermicroscopic (LM leads to SEM leads to TEM) correlative procedure for the examination of mammalian skeletal muscle. AB - The procedure for direct intermicroscopic (LM leads to SEM leads to TEM) correlation of muscle was modified. The major modification was the use of cryostat sections which showed far better ultrastructural preservation than did paraffin sections. The use of an osmium-thiocarbohydrazide ligand binding procedure (OTOTO) did not noticeably improve the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image, but did result in a subsequent transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image which showed increased contrast of the intracellular membranous components. Besides improving the preservation at the TEM level of examination, the techniques used to locate the same structure or area previously examined under the complementary modes of microscopy (i.e. LM and SEM), were also refined. PMID- 7001030 TI - Dimensional changes of cultured smooth muscle cells due to preparatory processes for transmission electron microscopy. AB - The change in volume of cultured smooth muscle cells prepared with four different fixation procedures for transmission electron microscopy was studied. Although the cells showed swelling after being embedded in Spurr's embedding medium, the degree of swelling depended on the particular method of fixation procedure used. When the volume of the cells measured using transmission electron microscopy was compared with that of the fresh cell volume, cells prepared by two of the methods showed swelling, and cellular shrinkage was noted in the other two methods. One method which caused the least amount of volume change is recommended for quantitative electron microscopic study of vertebrate smooth muscle cell systems. PMID- 7001031 TI - Structure of a complex between yeast hexokinase A and glucose. I. Structure determination and refinement at 3.5 A resolution. PMID- 7001032 TI - Structure of a complex between yeast hexokinase A and glucose. II. Detailed comparisons of conformation and active site configuration with the native hexokinase B monomer and dimer. PMID- 7001033 TI - The c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1. I. Isolation of the c1 protein and determination of the P1 DNA region to which it binds. PMID- 7001034 TI - Evidence for recA-mediated asymmetric strand repair of 5-iodo-[125I]-2' deoxyuridine-induced lethal lesions in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7001035 TI - Serratia marcescens osteomyelitis: report of two cases. AB - Serratia marcescens is a frequently recovered contaminant following major open injuries of the extremities. This paper presents two cases in whom this organism was identified as the primary pathogen. The importance of early diagnosis, thorough surgical debridement, and appropriate antibiotic therapy is emphasized. PMID- 7001036 TI - Bacterial endotoxin and the generation of suppressor T cells following thermal injury. AB - Patients with several thermal injuries often display an impaired cell-mediated immune response. Clinically, this expressed as an increased susceptibility to infection and, occasionally, as a decreased ability to reject unmatched allograft skin. Experimentally, patient serum is suppressive to the PHA response of normal human lymphocytes, which we have found to be mediated through B cell participation in the generation of suppressor T cells. We herein document the ability of bacterial endotoxin to produce these effects, both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7001037 TI - Thoracic esophageal and tracheal injury following blunt trauma. AB - A 20-year-old man injured in a motor vehicular accident sustained a nonpenetrating double blowout injury of the upper thoracic esophagus. A simultaneous membraneous rupture of the trachea occurred. Treatment was by operative primary closure. A collective review of blunt upper thoracic esophageal perforations reveals a nearly uniform occurrence of associated tracheal injury. PMID- 7001038 TI - A controlled trial of a combination of chloroquine with paracetamol in the treatment of acute malaria in a semi-immune population. AB - A clinial trial comparing a single dose of a fixed drug combination containing chloroquine and paracetamol with chloroquine and paracetamol given as separate tablets has been conducted among 154 patients seen in the Endemic Disease Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and at two other clinics in Nigeria. There was no statistically significant difference in the preference between the different types of prescription among the sujects in the two groups. However, a greater degree of parasite clearance was achieved sooner in those who received the fixed drug combination taken in a single or in only two doses than among those whose therapy extended over 3 days or longer using separate tablets of chloroquine and paracetamol. PMID- 7001040 TI - Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in Saudi Arabia, with a note on the distribution of anopheline vectors. AB - Variations in the intensity of Plasmodium infections were observed in the surveyed regions of Saudi Arabia. The highest incidence had been recorded from the Southern region and the lowest form the Northern and Eastern regions. The Western region, however, showed a regular and uniform occurrence of infection throughout the year. Five anopheline vectors were identified in the country. PMID- 7001039 TI - A clinical trial of malaria prophylaxis using a single dose of chloroquine at different intervals in an endemic malarious area. AB - A controlled trial of chloroquine prophylaxis was carried out to find whether this drug could be administered at intervals longer than the conventional ones recommended, in endemic malarious areas. Statistically significant results obtained show that chloroquine at suitable doses could be used successfully at intervals of 3 months. The possibility of chloroquine and acquired immunity acting together synergistically is discussed. The author is of the opinion that with this dose regime, the community would still be able to build up substantial immunity, so that in the event of the drug being discontinued, the community would not be faced with the problem of overwhelming malarial infections. The various advantages in using this regime are also considered. PMID- 7001041 TI - Speech intelligibility in noise with ear protectors. AB - Speech perception was tested in high level noise under controlled laboratory conditions in noise-exposed workmen and normal subjects, with and without a hearing protector. The group was further divided by age and English fluency, the latter group being included because of the high proportion of non-fluent English speakers in the Canadian workforce. In normal-hearing subjects the highest discrimination scores were found without background noise, they were lower with white noise as a masker, and even lower with crowd noise as a masker; wearing of a protector had no effect on intelligibility. The results for non-fluent English speakers were parallel with these results, but the scores were lower in all test conditions. In the presence of a high frequency hearing loss speech discrimination was lower than in the normals in quiet and in noise. The addition of a hearing protector dropped their discrimination score even further. In a flat hearing loss, wearing of a protector also worsened the speech discrimination score. The results are discussed. PMID- 7001043 TI - Occult bacterial colonization of bladder tumors. AB - Urine cultures were done 24 hours after endoscopic procedures on the lower urinary tract in patients known to have sterile urine before the procedures. The occurrence of bacteriuria, defined as more than 10(5) colonies per milliliter, was significantly higher after resection of bladder tumors than after procedures for benign disease (p less than 0.01). Bacteriuria occurred after routine endoscopic procedures in 4.7 per cent of the patients, after transurethral resection of the prostate in 11.2 per cent and after resection of bladder tumors in 38.9 per cent. Resected tumors were homogenized and cultured, and the same organism was found as in the postoperative urine culture. The presence of bacteria in the tumors may be explained by alteration of the bladder defense mechanism with the established malignancy acting as a privileged site for bacterial growth. Manipulation of the tumor during the procedure may disperse the bacteria and establish an endogenous inoculum for the necrotic tissue left in the bladder as a result of electroresection and cautery. PMID- 7001042 TI - Experience with live donor nephrectomy. AB - We studied 100 patients undergoing nephrectomy for living related renal transplantation. after completion of tissue typing preoperative studies included urinalysis and culture, creatinine clearance determination, excretory urography and renal arteriography. Patient characteristics, preoperative test, surgical approach, complications, long-term followup and cost factors were reviewed. There was no mortality and morbidity was minimal except for wound complications. Renal function generally remained normal. Donor nephrectomy is a worthwhile and safe procedure with an acceptably low incidence of postoperative complications. PMID- 7001044 TI - Comparison of a microbicidal povidone-iodine gel and a placebo gel as catheter lubricants. AB - A comparison of povidone-iodine to a placebo gel as urinary catheter lubricants focused on the effects of urethral bacterial counts and on patient comfort. The 50 patients were divided into 2 parallel groups in a single blind study. Both lubricants lowered the bacterial counts, with the reduction achieved by povidone iodine gel significantly greater than the reduction associated with the placebo (p less than 0.02). The numbers of patients experiencing discomfort from the 2 preparations did not differ nor was there any difference in the degree of discomfort, which was minimal for both groups. No other adverse side effects were reported for either lubricant. PMID- 7001045 TI - Possible mechanism of hypoglycemia following removal of pheochromocytoma. AB - The fourth reported case of hypoglycemia following removal of a pheochromocytoma is described. The interrelationships between alpha and beta-adrenergic activity and insulin release are reviewed. Preoperative alpha blockade without concomitant beta blockade may predispose to hypoglycemia following tumor removal. PMID- 7001048 TI - Cecil Coggins. PMID- 7001047 TI - Native trichinosis in wild rodents in Henrico County, Virginia. AB - Encapsulated larvae of Trichinella spiralis were found in wild-trapped, Microtus pennsylvanicus and Sigmodon hispidus. In addition, Peromyscus leucopus and Mus musculus again were found infected. These mammals were trapped from a farm site in Henrico County, Virginia, remote from known potential sources of trichinosis. The possible zoonotic relationship between wild rodent trichinosis and swine trichinosis is discussed. PMID- 7001049 TI - A remembrance of Blair. PMID- 7001046 TI - Prevalence of Aspergillus fumigatus in free-living goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus). AB - During the fall migration of 1972 and 1973 unusually large numbers of goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) were counted at Hawk Ridge in Duluth, Minnesota. These birds were sampled for prevalence of fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Fungi of this genus were recovered from 26 of 49 birds (53%) in 1972 and 4 of 45 (7%) birds in 1973. Aspergillosis was confirmed at necropsy in three wild goshawks in 1972, but none in 1973. The disease was further confirmed at necropsy in 8 of 12 (67%) goshawks trapped in the fall and retained for falconry in 1972 and in 2 of 17 (12%) such birds in 1973. We suggest that the stress of intraspecific agonistic behavior in conjunction with a high density of goshawks and greatly reduced prey base may increase the susceptibility of these hawks to aspergillosis. PMID- 7001050 TI - Penetration injury to the heart. Nine consecutive cases at a community hospital. AB - During the past 25 years, great progress has been made in saving patients with serious cardiac injuries. This study is based on nine consecutive cases of penetrating wounds to the heart treated successfully by surgical intervention at a community hospital with no facilities for cardiopulmonary bypass. Early surgery is advocated for patients suspected of having penetrating injury of the heart. PMID- 7001051 TI - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on renal function in man. AB - To ascertain the clinical significance of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced pigmenturia, we evaluated renal function and indicators of systemic hemolysis in stable quadriplegic patients receiving the drug intravenously (IV) for spinal cord injury. Despite a dose-dependent transient hemolysis with resultant hemoglobinuria, no alteration of renal function could be appreciated. Other than the presence of urinary hemoglobin, there were no changes from baseline in the urinary sediment and all patients remained without severe hematuria. Our results indicate that patients treated with IV dimethyl sulfoxide for severe cerebral edema could serve as donors for renal transplantation. PMID- 7001052 TI - A medical misdemeanor: I harbored evil thoughts about the Fredrickson fat classification. PMID- 7001054 TI - Persistence of strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7001053 TI - Timolol topically and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7001055 TI - Reactive hypoglycemia and A-cell ('pancreatic') glucagon deficiency in the adult. AB - Serum glucose, A-cell (IRGA) and total glucagon (IRGT), insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine values were measured in the fasting state and in response to oral glucose, intravenously administered arginine, and a meal of pan-broiled ground beef in 31 symptomatic patients and 11 normal subjects. Twenty-four patients and 11 control subjects had normal glucose tolerance (group 1); seven patients had reactive hypoglycemia (group 2). Under all conditions, serum IRGA value was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Glucose, arginine, or meat increased serum IRGT levels. This response did not differ significantly in the two groups, nor did the secretion of the other measured hormones. We conclude that A-cell insufficiency can contribute to reactive hypoglycemia in the adult. PMID- 7001056 TI - Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with orally administered theophylline. A double-blind, controlled study. AB - Theophylline is commonly prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although controlled studies do not exist to support this use. We administered theophylline and placebo orally to 40 ambulatory COPD patients in a double-blind, crossover manner. Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after isoproterenol nebulization on the final day of each four-week study period. Theophylline therapy produced small, but significant, increases over placebo in mean values. However, only the forced expiratory volume in 1 s was "improved," according to published criteria. There were no significant differences in subjective effects between treatment periods. Six patients were identified as "responders"; responder status could be predicted on the basis of improvement in flow rates after isoproterenol nebulization. Theophylline therapy is not beneficial to most COPD patients, and potential responders should be given carefully monitored therapeutic trials rather than arbitrarily being given maintenance therapy. PMID- 7001057 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of oral lesions in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - The oral surfaces of 12 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Candida albicans in massive numbers populated the surface of the infected mouth of each patient. Although pseudohyphae were the predominant forms, blastospores and chlamydospores were also found. Pseudohyphae penetrated the epithelium and seemed to enter through holes in the keratinized cells. Because specimen processing for SEM can be completed within six hours, the scanning electron microscope can be used to identify C albicans more rapidly than culture methods. PMID- 7001058 TI - Brucellosis in the United States. Past, present, and future. AB - The incidence of human brucellosis has declined in the United States since 1974, when 6,321 cases were reported, to 175 cases reported in 1973. A resurgence occurred in 1974 and 1975, when 247 and 328 cases were reported, respectively. This increase followed an increase in incidence of bovine brucellosis as indicated by an increase from 4.3 reactors per 1,000 market cattle in 1971 to 6.8 in 1974. Recurrence occurred in 15 states that had been free of the disease, and increased incidence occurred in other states. A total of 16,401 infected herds were identified in 1975, and 90% of these were in 11 states. Migration of infected cattle occurs through market channels. Effective control of brucellosis leading to local eradication, which could be national in scope, is biologically feasible. Physicians have a responsible role in this eradication. PMID- 7001059 TI - Dog bite wounds. AB - Dog bite wounds are a common problem with an infection rate only slightly higher than that for lacerations in general. Wounds may be sutured after debridement and thorough irrigation, unless they are located on the hand, where infection is common. Infection is caused by a variety of organisms. A penicillinase-resistant penicillin or cephalexin monohydrate is the drug of choice; studies suggest prophylactic antibiotic therapy may be useful, especially in high-risk wounds. PMID- 7001060 TI - Matthew Thornton. PMID- 7001063 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7001062 TI - Immunogenetics recognized by Nobel Prize. PMID- 7001061 TI - Arthur Conan Doyle. PMID- 7001064 TI - Dosage of aspirin. PMID- 7001065 TI - Legionnaires' disease legacies. PMID- 7001066 TI - Paul Muller. PMID- 7001068 TI - Large medicaid practices and medicaid mills. AB - There is growing concern that large Medicaid practices (LMPs) may be "Medicaid mills" in which low-quality care is provided. Based on survey data, this study sought to determine whether physicians who treat a disproportionate number of Medicaid patients are in fact operating mills. While practices with at least 30% Medicaid patients are a minority of all practices (15.8%), nearly 60% of all Medicaid patients receive care there. There is no evidence that LMPs can be characterized as Medicaid mills. Visit lengths are shorter in LMPs, but only by two minutes. Nor is there any widespread abuse of ancillary services, skimping on auxiliary staff, or excessive incomes. The LMP physicians, however, do tend to be older, to be trained in foreign medical schools, and to have fewer credentials, such as board certification. PMID- 7001067 TI - Max Planck. PMID- 7001069 TI - Josiah Bartlett. PMID- 7001070 TI - Robert Barany. PMID- 7001072 TI - A concentrated therapeutic regimen for vulvovaginal candidiasis. AB - Two therapeutic regimens were used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis with clotrimazole vaginal tablets. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of a three-day double-dose schedule with that of a seven-day single dose schedule. Both regimens were comparable in eliminating the Candida sp. PMID- 7001071 TI - Captopril in diuretic-treated hypertensive patients. AB - Eight hypertensive patients with normal renal function and receiving diuretic therapy for at least 28 days received captopril in small increasing doses (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg). Supine and standing blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured before and after captopril administration. The mean (+/- SEM) maximal decline in BP was 38/18 +/- 3/2, 34/18 +/- 4/2, and 25/17 +/- 3/2 mm Hg and occurred within 70 minutes of each of the three doses. In contrast, the duration of a 10 mm Hg or greater decrease in BP was prolonged markedly (103 +/- 5, 175 +/- 15, and 287 +/- 10 minutes) after each dose increment. After captopril, mean PRA levels increased while PAC levels fell. Transient dizziness on standing occurred in two patients, but captopril was otherwise well tolerated. Evaluation of the response to initial doses of captopril appears to be helpful in predicting maintenance requirements. PMID- 7001073 TI - Hyperkalemia resulting from captopril administration. PMID- 7001074 TI - Study to begin on whether aspirin can delay senile cataract formation. PMID- 7001075 TI - From the NIH: Rapid and convenient access to the medical literature. PMID- 7001076 TI - Tenley Albright. PMID- 7001077 TI - Philibert Commerson. PMID- 7001078 TI - Bullous amyloidosis vs epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 7001079 TI - William Carlos Williams. A writing physician. PMID- 7001080 TI - Thomas Hunt Morgan. PMID- 7001081 TI - Kidney transplantation in monozygotic twins discordant for lupus. AB - A 25-year-old man with renal failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) received a kidney from his identical twin five years after onset of the first twin's symptoms of lupus. Both continue to do well. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of kidney transplantation in monozygotic twins discordant for SLE. PMID- 7001082 TI - In memoriam: Samuel Vaisrub, MD, FRCP(C), MRCP(Lond) 1906--1980. PMID- 7001083 TI - Multi drug resistance in group A hemolytic streptococci in Japan from 1972 to 1977. PMID- 7001084 TI - Histopathological study on the conduction system in rheumatic valvular disease, using serial sectioning method. PMID- 7001085 TI - Effects of prostaglandin I2 and E2 on renal hemodynamics and function and renin release. AB - The effects of PGI2 and PGE2, given in the same doses were compared as to renal hemodynamics and functions and renin release. The same experimental conditions were used for both compounds and experiments were carried out in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Adrenergic influences were excluded by renal denervation. Given intrarenally at doses at 0.1 microgram/min and 1 microgram/min, PGE2 caused significant increase in RBF, UF and UNaV, but had no effect on BP and GFR. Intrarenal infusion of PGI2 at a rate of 1 microgram/min resulted in a significant increase of RBF and in a marked fall of BP, but only little change in GFR, UF and UNaV. With a dose of 0.1 microgram/min, the parameters remained the same. Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (1 microgram/min) caused a significant fall in BP with no change in the other parameters. Both PGI2 and PGE2 had a similar effect on intrarenal hemodynamics, i.e., caused a progressively greater proportional vasodilation from superficial to deep cortex. Given intrarenally in a dose of 1 microgram/min, PGI2 and PGE2 increased renin release. But with a dose of 0.1 microgram/min and 1 microgram/min, i.v., renin secretion was not influenced. The effect of PGI2 on systemic blood pressure was more potent than that of PGE2, however, with regard to renal vasodilating action and tubular effects, PGE2 was the more potent. Present data indicate that PGI2 and PGE2 stimulate renin secretion through a direct action on the juxtaglomerular cells. PMID- 7001086 TI - A case of renovascular hypertension with high urinary noradrenaline excretion. AB - A case report of 32-year-old male with renovascular hypertension, suspected to be pheochromocytoma as a result of a tentative diagnosis, is given. The suspicion was based on the observation of high levels of urinary noradrenaline on several occasions with the sign of hyperreninemia. Reduction of the urinary noradrenaline levels by the administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14225) suggested that the high urinary noradrenaline probably resulted from hyperreninemia which reflected high plasma levels of angiotensin II. Radioisotope renography and intravenous urography strongly suggested a reduction of the right renal blood flow, and the final diagnosis of renovascular hypertension was obtained on the basis of renal arteriography. On the other hand, the possibility of a catecholamine releasing tumor was carefully excluded by angiography before undertaking surgical treatment. The affected kidney was transplanted autogenously into the abdominal cavity. The successful operation led to a decrease in plasma renin activity, blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline excretion. In the present case, we were thus unable to define at first whether the primary genesis of hypertension was related to the hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system caused by renovascular stenosis or a noradrenaline releasing tumor. PMID- 7001087 TI - [Studies on the distributions of antibiotics in the oral tissues: Experimental staphylococcal infection in rats, and effect of serratiopeptidase on the distributions of antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - 1) A focal infection was prepared by inoculation of staphylococci into rat gingiva. Then, concentrations in oral tissues (gingiva, tongue and masseter), serum and liver of the infected rats which were given ciclacillin, ampicillin, cephalexin and minocycline in a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. were investigated and effects of serratiopeptidase (20 mg/kg) on these concentrations were studied. 2) Concentrations of ciclacillin in the oral tissues were approximately 10% of a serum level. A gingival concentration was elevated 8.5-fold by pretreatment with serratiopeptidase. A concentration in infected gingiva was 2.5-fold of that of another side of gingiva. 3) Concentrations of ampicillin in the oral tissues were approximately 15% of a serum level. A gingival concentration was elevated 5.7 fold by pretreatment with serratiopeptidase. A concentration in infected gingiva ws 2.2-fold of that of another side of gingiva. 4) Concentrations of cephalexin in the oral tissues were approximately 3 to 5-fold of a serum level except that in masseter. A gingival concentration was slightly elevated (1.1-fold) by pretreatment with serratiopeptidase. A concentration in infected gingiva was 1.7 fold of that of another side of gingiva. 5) Concentrations of minocycline in the oral tissues were 1.3 to 7.2-fold of a serum level. A gingival concentration was elevated 2.2-fold by pretreatment with serratipeptidase. A concentration in infected gingiva was 3.1-fold of that of another side of gingiva. 6) Gingival concentrations of antibiotics were higher than those of tongue and masseter and serratiopeptidase elevated gingival concentrations. PMID- 7001089 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCI]. PMID- 7001088 TI - [A case of Klebsiella pneumonia with complication of CO2-narcosis successfully treated with amikacin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001090 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXV. PMID- 7001091 TI - Influence of unilateral adrenalectomy on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in primary aldosteronism. AB - In a study of 14 patients (11 Japanese and 3 white North Americans) with aldosterone-producing tumor carried out within 2 to 4 weeks after unilateral adrenalectomy, both plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased almost normally with short-term sodium depletion and upright posture. Aldosterone excretion rate (AER) also increased significantly with sodium depletion, and was normally suppressed by sodium loading. Highly significant correlations were observed between PRA and PAC (r=0.89, p < 0.001) or AER (r=0.88, p < 0.001) ater operation, whereas there had been no such correlation before operation. Either physiological or laboratory findings were normalized or markedly improved in all cases although pathohistological diagnosis was made as adenomatous hyperplasia in 10 out of 11. These results indicate that within 4 weeks of operation PRA and the remaining adrenal gland can almost normally respond to stimuli such as sodium depletion and upright posture regardless of the amount of spironolactone given preoperatively. PMID- 7001093 TI - [Morphological studies on foreign body granules fate in the guinea pig dermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001092 TI - Renal function, plasma renin, and spontaneous diuresis in an advanced stage of hypertension in rats. AB - Relationship of renal function and plasma renin level to a spontaneous diuresis in an advanced stage of hypertension was examined in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). For a comparison, it was also investigated in 2 kidney 1 clip (1CR) and 2 kidney 2 clip (2CR) models of renovascular hypertensive rats. The spontaneous diuresis was usually associated with an elevation of plasma renin level and an impairment of renal function in SHRSP and 1CR. In SHRSP, renal plasma flow showed an inverse correlation to the plasma renin level. The diuresis, however, is not prerequisite to the increase in plasma renin or to the renal impairment, since the latter changes were not always accompanied by diuresis. No correlations were found between these factors in 2CR. Remittent diuresis was observed in many 2CRs and 2 SHRSPs with normal renal function, indicating that renal damage underlies the continuous progression of the diuresis observed in most cases of SHRSP and 1CR. Both sodium and potassium balances tended to be negative in 1CR and 2CR in the diuretic phase, whereas potassium alone showed this tendency in SHRSP. The negative balances, if any, were not due to an excessive loss of the electrolytes but attributed mainly to a decrease in intake. The critical level of blood pressure for the spontaneous diuresis was highest in SHRSP and lowest in 1CR. It is probable that an interaction and cooperation between high blood pressure, impaired renal function and high plasma renin participate in the mechanism of the spontaneous diuresis during the development of malignant phase of hypertension of the rat. PMID- 7001094 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in two inbred guinea pigs: 1. Strain differences in developing chronic relapsing form of EAE. AB - Two inbred strains of guinea pig (Strain 13 and JY-1) were compared with regard to their reactivity to the central nervous tissue emulsion in complete Freund's adjuvant as the challenge for elicitation of EAE. The susceptibilities to EAE sensitization of adult guinea pigs were almost equal between the two strains, while those of young animals were different. The young Strain 13 guinea pigs are liable to develop chronic relapsing form of EAE, the incidence is 100% in 4--5 weeks guinea pigs and 60% in 6 weeks. On the contrary young JY-1 guinea pigs were as susceptible as adults. They developed typical acute EAE, which was usually fatal. Central nervous system of acute and chronic EAE guinea pigs of two strains was examined by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for the detection of lymphocytes. Most of the positive lymphocytes were detected in the perivascular space and some were detected in the parenchyma of the brain. PMID- 7001095 TI - Adjuvanticity and strains of mycobacteria. AB - Water-in-oil emulsions containing mycobacteria constitute Freund's complete adjuvants (FCA), used to enhance immune responses. Mycobacteria are the essential constituent of FCA and various strains of these bacillus were used. The present study was to try to answer the follow question: Are there any differences between:-- water-in-oil emulsions containing mycobacteria of the bovine attenuated "BCG" strain, called Be (bovine emulsions) and--those containing mycobacteria of the human virulent "Canetti" strain, He (human emulsions)? Data presented here suggest that: 1. Bovine emulsions are active at low doses while human emulsions are only active at high doses; 2. The adjuvant activity of the bovine emulsions at low doses is attributed to both, the better stimulatary effect and the high concentration of an active component located in BCG cell envelope. Immuno-chemical studies of various extracts were conducted and the relationship between adjuvanticity and chemical structure of the active components was established. PMID- 7001096 TI - Anti-HLA-A, B, C and DR antibodies in renal transplant recipients. AB - Anti-HLA-A, B, C and DR antibodies in 173 sera derived form renal transplant recipients were examined, using the cytotoxicity techniques standardized at the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop. About 50% of sera obtained within 6 months of transplantation showed anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Thereafter, serum anti DR antibodies were found in about 30% of the examined sera. However, at more than 3 years after transplantation, the reappearance of anti-DR antibodies was noted in more than 60% of the examined sera. Anti-HLA-A, B and C antibodies were not found except in the sera from recipients with irreversible rejection. The post transplant production of anti-DR antibodies against incompatible donor HLA-DR antigens was confirmed in sera derived repeatedly from the same patients. PMID- 7001097 TI - [Anti-B lymphocyte antibodies and renal transplantation. I. Preexistent antibodies and prognosis of kidney allograft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001098 TI - [Studies on function of the upper urinary tract. XIV. The ureteral activity during induced renal autotransplantation in mongrel dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001099 TI - The asthmatic patient: a practical perspective. PMID- 7001100 TI - Management of methaqualone overdose. PMID- 7001101 TI - Where we've been...and where we're going. PMID- 7001102 TI - Emergency management of soft tissue injuries. PMID- 7001103 TI - Emergency department nurses association: president's anniversary message. PMID- 7001104 TI - A perspective on JEN. PMID- 7001106 TI - The various roles of EDNA nurses. PMID- 7001105 TI - The evolving role of the flight nurse. PMID- 7001107 TI - The nurse as an EMS consultant. PMID- 7001109 TI - The emergency nurse as a writer. PMID- 7001108 TI - The role of the nurse in the emergency/overnight ward. PMID- 7001112 TI - Nursing roles in an EMS agency. PMID- 7001111 TI - The emergency nurse as independent educator/consultant. PMID- 7001110 TI - My role as a clinical specialist in the emergency department. PMID- 7001115 TI - Emergency nursing in a fully contracted service. PMID- 7001113 TI - The role of the psychiatric nurse in the ED. PMID- 7001114 TI - The rural ED nurse--an expanded role. PMID- 7001116 TI - Role of victim counseling coordinator. PMID- 7001117 TI - Emergency nursing education: something for everyone. PMID- 7001118 TI - Tips on IV procedures. PMID- 7001119 TI - Facial trauma. Trauma notebook 25. PMID- 7001121 TI - The business of nursing. PMID- 7001120 TI - Gender problems in the ED--Part I. Law and the emergency nurse. PMID- 7001122 TI - Emergency management of status asthmaticus. PMID- 7001123 TI - Reproduction, endogenous and exogenous sex hormones, and colon cancer: a review and hypothesis. PMID- 7001124 TI - Augmentation of mouse natural killer cell activity by a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. AB - Streptococcal immunopotentiator OK-432 (NSC-B116209) augmented the natural killer (NK) cell activity of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in inbred C57BL/6 mice given ip injections of 0.1 mg OK-432 per mouse. The cytotoxic activity of PEC increased as early as 1 day after inoculation, reached its peak on day 3, and gradually declined thereafter, YAC-1, K562, and MOLT-4 target cells were more sensitive to PEC than were EL 4 and P815 target cells. The elimination of adherent cells by a nylon wool column enriched the proportion of cytotoxic cells among PEC. Nylon wool column-passed PEC were resistant to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody plus complement and sensitive to anti-asialo GM1 serum plus complement. Because 1:40-diluted rabbit antiserum against glycosphingolipid asialo GM1 is capable of eliminating mouse NK cell activity and is not cytotoxic to killer T-cells, the above results strongly suggest that OK-432 augments the NK cell activity in mice. PMID- 7001125 TI - Metabolic activation by hamster and rat hepatocytes in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. AB - Intact and homogenized hepatocytes from untreated or Aroclor 1254-treated male and female noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats and noninbred Syrian golden hamsters were compared for their ability to metabolize chemicals in the Salmonella mammalian microsome mutagenesis assay. The following chemicals were used: two aromatic amines, 2-amino-anthracene and N-2-fluorenylacetamide; two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 3-methylcholanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene (BP); and one nitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine (DENA). With one exception, hepatocytes from hamsters were more active than were hepatocytes from rats in the activation of these mutagens. The homogenized preparations from Aroclor 1254-treated rats were slightly more active with BP than was the equivalent hamster preparation. Intact hepatocytes from Aroclor 1254-treated hamsters were more efficient at metabolizing the aromatic amines and DENA, whereas homogenates were more effective with the hydrocarbons. Results were similar with the rat preparations, except that only large quantities of Aroclor 1254-treated intact male rat hepatocytes appeared to activate DENA. These results suggest that, in the choice of an activation system, the kind of chemical being evaluated should be considered. PMID- 7001126 TI - Basics of breastfeeding. Part I: Infant feeding patterns past and present. AB - One of the great medical advances of the past decade has been the scientific validation of the importance of species-specific milk. This "discovery" has led to a growing general awareness of the value, during the first year of life, of the milk of the baby's own mother for optimal physical and emotional development. These benefits of breastfeeding may last a lifetime. The need to understand and assist the mother in maintaining this relationship presents a major challenge to the nurse. Beginning with this issue of JOGN and continuing in two subsequent issues a series of six articles is being presented that gives an overview of breastfeeding, from historical perspectives to specific problems nursing mothers may encounter. The initial installment consists of "Infant Feeding Patterns Past and Present" and "The Anatomy and Psychophysiology of Lactation." Following in September/October and November/December will be "The Biologic Specificity of Breast Milk," "Preparation for Breastfeeding and Early Optimal Functioning," "Self-Care for Continued Breastfeeding," and "Some Breastfeeding Problems and Solutions." The cultural pattern of breastfeeding in ancient and contemporary cultures are compared, and changes during the Industrial Revolution that led to the decline in breastfeeding are outlined. Also described are the consequences of the trend away from breastfeeding in Third World countries and current breastfeeding patterns in the United States. PMID- 7001127 TI - Therapeutic uses of human figure drawings by the pregnant couple. AB - The woman's experience of her body during pregnancy is an important aspect of her psychological state and may be related to physiological functioning. How her husband perceives her pregnant body is important in terms of the marital relationship. Human figure drawings were collected from 39 couples during their third trimester of pregnancy. Clinical observations are made on selected figure drawings demonstrating how they reflect the subjects' feelings regarding the pregnancy, the child, and their marriage. Human figure drawings can be used as a diagnostic instrument as well as a method for therpeutic intervention, e.g., as a catalyst for group discussions. PMID- 7001128 TI - [Life of Mrs. Seki Hora, the founder of Japanese Public Health Nursing Service. 14]. PMID- 7001129 TI - [Life of Mrs. Seki Hora - the founder of the Japanese Public Health Nursing Service]. PMID- 7001130 TI - [Congenital and acquired thrombocyte function disorders]. PMID- 7001131 TI - [Complications after reconstructive surgery on the bronchi]. PMID- 7001134 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods for the plastic covering of esophageal sutures]. PMID- 7001132 TI - [Treatment of a gastric reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 7001133 TI - [Use of Gore-Tex prostheses for plastic repair of the vessels (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7001135 TI - [Louis' operation in the combined treatment of cancer of the lower 1/3 of the esophagus]. PMID- 7001136 TI - [Functional state of the islet apparatus in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7001137 TI - [Method of creating an artificial sphincter and valve in esophagoenterostomy]. PMID- 7001138 TI - [Method of suturing large intestine fistulae]. PMID- 7001139 TI - [Lamellar keratoplasty in the treatment of pterygium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001140 TI - [Perforating sclerokeratomalacia: Good result of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001141 TI - [Timoptic. Timolol maleate, MSD (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001142 TI - [Nospilin in the treatment of chronic allergic inflammatory conditions of palpebral margins and conjunctivae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001143 TI - [Hyperkinetic syndrome and diet--a therapeutic alliance? (author's transl)]. AB - The international literature on dietary treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome is reported and analyzed critically. So far there is no sufficient scientific evidence in favour of this therapeutic intervention with hyperkinetic children. PMID- 7001144 TI - [Sugar intolerance in childhood: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and dietetic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001146 TI - Akodon molinae (Rodentia Cricetidae), a new laboratory animal: breeding, management and reproductive performance. AB - Akodon molinae, a vole mouse widely distributed in central Argentina, shows remarkable chromosome polymorphisms. It is one of the natural reservoirs of the aetiologic agent of haemorrhagic fever, and a laboratory colony could be of great help in investigating this disease. Pregnancy lasted 23 (range 21-25) days. Litters of 4-5 young were born to monogamous breeding pairs about every 30 days, with weaning at 26 days post partum. The sex ratio at birth was 505 males to 500 females: at weaning it was 460 to 440. Sexual maturity was attained at about 16 weeks of age in males and 12-20 weeks in females. Akodon molinae is easy to handle, but fighting and killing or neglect of young are problems. PMID- 7001148 TI - Biobehavioral approaches to the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7001149 TI - Death education resources. PMID- 7001145 TI - [Liver abscess in chronic granulomatosis of childhood (author's transl)]. AB - A thirteen-year-old boy with an abscess of the liver and recurrent infections since infancy is described. Aspergillus fumigatus could be isolated from this surgical treated abscess. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes from the patient show a normal phagocytosis, whereas the oxygen metabolism and the intracellular killing of kastalase-positive microorganismus (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans) are strikingly decreased. In contrast, the catalase negative Pneumococcus pneumoniae is rapidly killed. The iodination (131 J) of PMN is despite phagocytosis also markedly reduced. Myeloperoxidase could be detected in the phagocytes histochemically. No morphologic abnormalities of PMN have been found by electron microscopy. A defect of the humoral of cellular immunity has been excluded. The characterized dysfunction of PMN and monocytes as well as the clinical features of the patient are consistent with a diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. PMID- 7001147 TI - Immunological properties of athymic nude mice born from homozygous (nu/nu) parents. AB - No significant differences were observed between nude mice (nu/nu) born of homozygous (nu/nu) parents and those born of heterozygous (nu/+) mothers in the percentage of Thy-1-positive cells or immunoglobulin (Ig)-bearing cells in the spleen as assessed by immunofluorescence. There were no significant differences in the antibody response to thymus-dependent antigen or in the number of background plaque-forming cells to this antigen. The antibody response to thymus independent antigen was not imparied at all in mice born from homozygous parents as compared with other nude mice or euthymic mice. It was concluded that the Thy 1-bearing (T) cells observed in nu/nu mice and the capacity of these mice to respond to thymus-dependent antigens arose independently of maternal T cells and of the influence of the maternal thymus. PMID- 7001150 TI - Reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure in the rat. PMID- 7001151 TI - Recent advances in clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7001152 TI - Honored speaker's address. The metamorphosis of cardiac surgery in Australia. PMID- 7001153 TI - Variation in cytoskeletal assembly during spreading of progressively subcultivated human embryo fibroblasts (IMR-90). AB - The cytoskeletons of early and late passage IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts have been directly imaged in replicas of Triton X-100 extracted cells during spreading following reseeding. All cells from both young and sensescent cultures exhibit a cytoskeletal network of actin microfilaments, intermediate (10 nm) filaments, microtubules, and interconnecting thin filaments (6-8 nm in diameter) which do not interact with heavy meromyosin. Early passage cells assemble linear aggregates of actin filaments within 1 h of spreading. By 4 h of incubation, these bundles establish a structural bond with the cell membrane which results in resistance by the plasmalemma to detergent extraction at these sites. Furthermore, these membrane regions are associated with developing stress fibers of well-spread cells. In contrast, late passage cells exhibit slower spreading which correlates with a retarded assembly of actin bundles. In addition, by 8 h of spreading, cells of older cultures do not exhibit the regions of membrane actin interaction which impart detergent resistance to the plasmalemma. We conclude that the ability to reassemble actin-actin and actin-membrane association during cell spreading is reduced with increased serial subcultivation of cells. PMID- 7001155 TI - Alternative approaches to physician reimbursement under medicare: a simulation. AB - A simulation approach was used to compare the effects of different methods of determining reasonable charges for physicians' services under Medicare on government outlays, physician revenues, and beneficiaries' financial burdens. This is an important policy area because of fee inflation and rises in physician income. Queens County claims for 1976 and 1977 were used for this analysis. The different methods that were compared to the current method, which is the 75h percentile of weighted customary charges adjusted for the Economic Index, included a single prevailing that dispensed with specialty groupings, an unadjusted prevailing eliminating the Economic Index correction, and average reasonable charges in a base year computed with and without regard for specialty board certification. The results of the trials showed that program costs are about 8 per cent higher without the Economic Index. The single prevailing cuts government costs but substantially raises beneficiaries' out-of-pocket costs. Patients not receiving assignment were most likely to have greater burdens. The average reasonable charge approach had little effect on any of the participants and does not justify the additional expense of the shift in computer programs. As a fee schedule approach would probably use single prevailing prices, the fact that socially undesirable results are generated is significant. PMID- 7001154 TI - Effects of amiloride on insulin release, serum glucose and insulin, and glucose tolerance of mice. AB - Release of insulin was increased when isolated mouse islets were exposed to 1 or 2 mM amiloride, both in the presence of low (3 mM) and high (20 mM) glucose concentration. Fed mice injected with amiloride developed a hypoglycemia at 1, 2 and 4 h, and a hyperglycemia at 36 h, whereas no significant blood glucose alterations were observed in starved mice treated with amiloride. The serum insulin concentration was significantly increased 1 and 36 h following amiloride injection. Amiloride is believed to affect the islet beta-cells directly or indirectly, leading to ionic alterations, and stimulated insulin release. PMID- 7001157 TI - Looking back: school nursing in England. PMID- 7001156 TI - [Pre-hepatic insulin therapy. Study of a route of enteral administration]. PMID- 7001159 TI - Looking back: the last days of Antwerp. PMID- 7001158 TI - Looking back: the Australian army hospitals. PMID- 7001160 TI - [Medical schools bear their names]. PMID- 7001161 TI - The greatest success story in the history of medicine. PMID- 7001162 TI - Brain death: an overview. PMID- 7001164 TI - [Possibilities of insulin administration in diabetics with kidney failure during CAPD treatment]. PMID- 7001163 TI - The nurse practitioner: medical-legal considerations. PMID- 7001165 TI - [Effect of vasopressin on renin liberation in the rat kidney]. PMID- 7001166 TI - [Possibilities for extraction of intrauterine devices in an on-going pregnancy]. PMID- 7001167 TI - [Effect of saralasin on blood pressure, plasma renin and plasma noradrenaline in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7001168 TI - Antibodies cross-reacting with Gross virus detected in human acute leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 7001169 TI - [Insulin effect on myocardium]. PMID- 7001170 TI - [Ultrastructural study of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in adult. Description of a case]. PMID- 7001171 TI - Genetic factors predisposing to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to autoimmune disease. AB - Among 320 relatives of 28 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 4 had CLL, 1 had lymphosarcoma, and 2 other adults had leukemia of unknown type. Autoimmune disease including hyperthyroidism, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus affected 18 relatives. HLA typing of members of two families demonstrated that within each family the patient with CLL shared a common haplotype with relatives with autoimmune disease, but the haplotype was different in the two kindreds. In contrast, CLL was encountered in only 1 and autoimmune disease in 4 of 396 relatives of a group of 28 control patients. These data together with information from earlier reports support the hypothesis that genetic factors distrubing the regulation of the immune system may predispose both to lymphoid neoplasms and to autoimmune disease. The concept is supported by an array of experimental studies in animals. PMID- 7001172 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders of the T-cell series. A review. AB - Malignant diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid systems have been the subject of vigorous study in recent years. New methodologies, along with conventional techniques for identifying cell markers, now enable us to identify malignant cells with much greater specificity than in the past. Cell marker analysis has begun not only to extend our understanding of normal cell differentiation in the lymphoid and hematopoietic systems, but also to furnish more practical guidelines for approaching malignant disease, including more objective and reproducible classification, more accurate diagnosis and prognosis, more appropriate and more effective choice of treatment. Neoplasms of the T-cell series, which are the subject of this presentation, have in the past received less attention than the B-cell malignancies. More recent literature, however, shows increasing use of modern techniques in the analysis of T-cell malignancies, along with a corresponding increase in clinical resourcefulness. Different phenotypes of malignant cells have been correlated with the heterogeneous clinical and pathological features of T-cell neoplasms, suggesting a basis for their inconsistent responsiveness to treatment. As we develop a uniform system of classification and a generally accepted terminology for these heterogeneous and frequently puzzling disorders, we hope to gain further insight into pathogenetic mechanisms of the T-cell neoplasms, and to refine therapeutic measures for diseases which have defeated conventional therapy in the past. PMID- 7001173 TI - Fat cell number, resting metabolic rate, mean heart rate, and insulin elevation while seeing and smelling food as predictors of slimming. AB - The explanatory value of total fat cell number, resting metabolic rate, mean heart rate during sleep, and peripheral insulin while seeing and smelling food were examined in relation to weight reduction in 19 obese women on a 1100 kcal/day diet. The insulin response while seeing and smelling food was expressed as the insulin area (mU x min x 1(-1)) over the baseline level. Food was presented in front of the patient for 5 min. Insulin was determined in short intervals 20 min before and 20 min after start of food presentation. Fat cell number, resting metabolic rate, and mean heart rate during sleep were determined with standard techniques. All patients went through a period of weight loss, a plateau phase, and a period of weight regain. Body weight, fat cell number, resting metabolic rate, and/or heart rate correlated significantly with degree and rate of weight loss, duration of plateau phase, and rate of regain. In multiple regression analysis fat cell number and resting metabolic rate explained 81% of the variance for weight loss, 66% for rate of regain, and 29% for duration. For duration, only fat cell number contributed significantly. The variance of rate of weight loss was explained up to 49% by metabolic rate and insulin response while seeing and smelling food. The possibility of predicting weight reduction to a certain target weight is of great practical importance since the patients can obtain a realistic goal for their efforts to reduce body weight. Hopefully systematic investigations of factors associated with the inability of obese subjects to maintain weight reduction will improve treatment in the future. PMID- 7001174 TI - Portal and peripheral vein concentrations of insulin and glucagon after arginine infusion in morbidly obese subjects. AB - Five morbidity obese subjects with fasting normoglycemia underwent catheterization of portal and peripheral veins immediately prior to jejunoileal bypass surgery. Levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), and glucose were determined in simultaneously obtained serum samples before and after infusion of arginine. Portal levels exceeded peripheral levels by at least 50% with IRI and by 30%-40% with IRG. These results were similar to those reported in nonobese subjects and show that in morbid obesity as well as in nonobese states, peripheral insulin to glucagon molar ratios (I/G) underestimate portal I/G. Although hepatic extraction was not specifically measured, the data suggest that the peripheral levels of insulin and glucagon reported in morbid obesity result from alterations in secretion and not altered extraction. PMID- 7001175 TI - Hormonal and metabolic rhythms in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Hormone and metabolite profiles were investigated over a 12-hr period in six patients with Cushing's syndrome, ten age- and sex-matched normal controls, and six moderately obese subjects matched for weight with the patient group. Mean diurnal plasma cortisol levels were 563 +/- 74 nmole/liter in the patients, 275 +/- 22 nmole/liter in normal controls and 241 +/- 32 nmole/liter in obese subjects, with total loss of diurnal changes in Cushing's syndrome. Fasting blood glucose concentration was similar in all groups although mild hyperglycemia occurred after meals in the Cushing's patients compared with normal and obese subjects (mean 12-hr blood glucose: Cushing's 6.31 +/- 0.39 mmole/liter; normal controls, 5.32 +/- 0.14 mmole/liter, p < 0.01; obese subjects, 5.41 +/- 0.18 mmole/liter, p < 0.05) despite marked hyperinsulinemia (mean 12-hr serum insulin: Cushing's 57.3 +/- 18.2 mU/liter; normal controls, 19.7 +/- 2.5 mU/liter, p < 0.02; obese subjects, 18.1 +/- 4.0 mU/liter, p < 0.05). Concentrations of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate, pyruvate, and alanine were raised in Cushing's syndrome, particularly postprandially. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), blood glycerol, and blood ketone body concentrations were comparable in all three groups although the normal diurnal variation in circulating NEFA and ketone body levels was lost in Cushing's syndrome. Serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations were grossly elevated in the Cushing's patients (mean 12-hr serum TG: Cushing's 3.51 +/- 1.23 mmole/liter; normal controls 0.89 +/- 0.19 mmole/liter, p < 0.02; obese subjects, 0.93 +/- 0.23 mmole/liter, p < 0.05) and correlated positively with serum insulin levels. Plasma glucagon concentrations were raised in Cushing's syndrome (mean 12-hr plasma glucagon: Cushing's 23.2 +/- 3.7 pmole/liter; normal controls 12.3 +/- 1.5 pmole/liter p < 0.01; obese subjects 12.2 +/0 2.0 pmole/liter, p < 0.02) and correlated positively with the serum cortisol but not with blood alanine, suggesting that some stimulatory factor other than alanine was responsible. The metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoid excess thus may not be explained on the basis of obesity alone. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia limits the disturbance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Cushing's syndrome but may be important in production of the hypertriglyceridemia observed. PMID- 7001176 TI - Effect of age on plasma triglyceride concentrations in man. AB - Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations increase with advancing age. To determine if this phenomenon is due to age per se or to age-related changes in other metabolic variables, determination of fasting plasma TG, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, as well as body mass index (BMI), were made on 167 normal subjects from 18 to 77 yr of age. Significant simple correlation coefficients (r) were found between TG concentrations and age (0.47), BMI (0.39) and fasting plasma glucose (0.40), insulin (0.24), and FFA (0.20) concentrations. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the total amount of variability in TG concentration that could be accounted for by the combination of the examined metabolic parameters. A highly significant (p < 0.0001) total correlation of 0.57 was obtained, indicating that these variables could account for approximately one-third of the total variances. Partial correlation analysis (fixing four of the five variables) yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.35 (p < 0.001) between age and fasting TG concentration. Hence, age per se, or an age dependent phenomenon, appears to be an independent factor with a role in determining plasma TG concentrations. PMID- 7001177 TI - Single isotope derivative (radioenzymatic) methods in the measurement of catecholamines. PMID- 7001178 TI - Plasma dopamine: source, regulation, and significance. AB - Plasma dopamine is present in free form in a concentration approximately equivalent to that of epinephrine and about 25% that of norepinephrine. It originates in a variety of tissues including sympathetic nerves and adrenal, and the percentage originating from the various sources remains unknown. Events that are associated with increases in sympathetic activity such as stress, exercise, standing, or hypovolemia are associated with increases in plasma dopamine concentration, although the responses may be of considerably smaller magnitude than those for plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. The functional importance of dopamine in the periphery and of changes in circulating dopamine remain only poorly defined. These include possible roles in neurotransmission in sympathetic ganglia, altering renal vascular bed, modulation of aldosterone secretion and sodium excretion, mediation of certain stress responses, and others yet to be revealed. PMID- 7001179 TI - Effects of anesthesia and surgical stress on insulin secretion in man. AB - Surgical stress with inhalation anesthesia is associated with increased circulating catecholamines, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin secretion. These changes do not occur during surgical stress with spinal anesthesia, suggesting that they are neurally mediated due to pain initiated afferents from the site of tissue trauma. Inhalation anesthesia alone was found to suppress basal insulin levels and the insulin response to intravenous glucose with no significant increase in plasma norepinephrine and a decrease in plasma epinephrine. Thus, these changes in insulin secretion are not attributable to adrenergic mechanisms. In the postoperative period, however, suppressed insulin secretion was found to be correlated with elevated plasma epinephrine concentrations and may, therefore, be mediated by adrenergic mechanisms. Thus, these findings indicate that impaired insulin secretion during surgical stress may have two etiologies--one related to the type of anesthesia used and the other due to adrenomedullary stimulation due to pain. PMID- 7001180 TI - Acute effects of insulin on plasma noradrenaline and the cardiovascular system. AB - It is now known that insulin has marked acute effects on plasma noradrenaline and the cardiovascular system. These effects of insulin are not due to hypoglycemia and occur without changes in plasma adrenaline. Intravenous injection of insulin in juvenile diabetics increased plasma noradrenaline and heart rate and decreased glomerular filtration rate, renal and peripheral blood flow, and plasma volume. Urinary excretion rates of beta-2-microglobulin and urinary volume decreased after insulin, whereas urinary albumin excretion increased. When blood glucose was maintained by glucose infusion after insulin, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow remained unaltered whereas plasma noradrenaline, heart rate, and urinary albumin excretion increased and beta-2-microglobulin excretion decreased. Decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow after insulin are thus due to the fall in blood glucose. Rise in albumin excretion after insulin is probably of glomerular origin and not caused by the fall in blood glucose or by changes in renal hemodynamics. In patients with long-term diabetic nephropathy and albuminuria, insulin decreased albumin excretion (probably due to renal vasoconstriction) and plasma noradrenaline did not increase. In alloxan-diabetic rabbits the increase in heart rate after insulin was not abolished by autonomic blockade. In short-term streptozotocin-diabetic rats, muscle capillary endothelial cells showed a reduced number of free micropinocytotic vesicles. The number was nearly normalized 1 hr after intramuscular injection of insulin. The mechanism of action of insulin on plasma noradrenaline, heart rate, plasma volume, and urinary albumin excretion is not known. The rise in plasma noradrenaline after insulin may be compensatory to hypovolemia or to antagonizing effects of insulin on some actions of noradrenaline. The findings in streptozotocin-diabetic rats suggest that insulin may be essential for the normal function of capillary endothelial cells. PMID- 7001181 TI - Epinephrine and the regulation of glucose metabolism: effect of diabetes and hormonal interactions. AB - Elevations of plasma epinephrine comparable to those observed in physiologic stress, cause a sustained 20--35 mg/dl elevation of plasma glucose in normal humans. This hyperglycemic action is due to a transient increase in hepatic glucose output as well as a reduction in the rate of glucose disposal which accounts for the persistence of hyperglycemia. The latter results from epinephrine-induced suppression of endogenous insulin secretion and, more importantly from a direct inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated glucose utilization. In diabetes, the hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine is markedly accentuated. The enhanced rise in plasma glucose is due to an alternation in response of the liver to epinephrine. Despite infusion of insulin, epinephrine produces a sustained rather than transient elevation in hepatic glucose output in diabetic subjects. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of epinephrine on glucose utilization is unchanged by the diabetic state. In normal subjects, the hyperglycemic action of epinephrine is enhanced by simultaneous elevations of glucagon and cortisol. The former increases the magnitude, but not the duration, of the rise in hepatic glucose output induced by epinephrine. The latter, converts epinephrine's hepatic action from a transient to a sustained response. Our data thus suggest that marked hyperglycemia in normal subjects requires the concomitant elevation of multiple anti-insulin hormones, whereas such changes may occur in diabetes if any member of this group of hormones is increased. These findings may account for long-standing clinical observation that stress adversely affects blood glucose regulation to a much greater extent in diabetics as compared to normal subjects. PMID- 7001182 TI - Adrenergic mechanisms of catecholamine action on glucose homeostasis in man. AB - To assess the adrenergic mechanisms responsible for the effect of epinephrine on glucose production and glucose clearance in man, epinephrine (50 ng/kg/min) was infused in the presence and absence of alpha adrenergic (phentolamine) and beta adrenergic (propranolol) antagonists under conditions when plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were allowed to vary and when they were clamped by a concurrent infusion of glucose, somatostatin, and insulin. When plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon were permitted to vary during beta adrenergic blockade, plasma glucose and glucose production increased, respectively, 32% and 42% less and plasma epinephrine concentrations were threefold greater than those during infusion of epinephrine alone; plasma insulin decreased during beta blockade but increased during infusion of epinephrine alone; glucose clearance was comparably suppressed in both instances. When alpha adrenergic blockade was superimposed on beta blockade, the increase in glucose production and the decrease in both plasma insulin and glucose clearance observed during infusion of epinephrine alone was virtually abolished. In contrast, when plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon were clamped, beta adrenergic blockade completely prevented the suppression of glucose clearance by epinephrine and inhibited the stimulation of glucose production by epinephrine by 80% whereas alpha adrenergic blockade had no effect on either of these parameters. These results indicate that in man, epinephrine increases glucose production and decreases glucose clearance by both alpha and beta adrenergic actions. The alpha adrenergic effects could be accounted for by inhibition of insulin secretion. The mechanism for the beta adrenergic effects remains to be defined but may reflect a direct action of epinephrine on hepatic and peripheral tissues. PMID- 7001183 TI - Stress hyperglycemia and the adrenergic regulation of pancreatic hormones in hypoxia. AB - Stress hyperglycemia occurs in normal and chronically hypoxemic dogs when PaO2's are acutely lowered below 30 torr. Several factors are thought to contribute to the rise in blood glucose. The initial fall in PaO2 activates the sympathetic nervous system, stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Because of reduced beta receptor function, alpha receptor effects predominate, promoting glucagon and inhibiting insulin release. The changes in pancreatic hormones in conjunction with the direct effects of hypoxemia and alpha receptor stimulation increase hepatic glycogenolysis. Meanwhile, glucose clearance is decreased because of elevated circulating levels of catecholamines and low insulin concentrations. This combination of events plays a major role in the development of hyperglycemia. Since high blood glucose levels seems to protect the brain and other vital organs at low oxygen tensions, the development of hyperglycemia may represent an important protective mechanism in severely hypoxemic animals, including humans. PMID- 7001185 TI - Alternatives to Bayes? A quantitative comparison with rule-based diagnostic inference. PMID- 7001184 TI - Diagnoses generated by numerical taxonomic methods applied to standard blood variables. PMID- 7001187 TI - Endotoxin effects on capillary transit times of RBC and plasma as measured by indicator dilution. PMID- 7001188 TI - In vitro proliferative activity of spleen cells in mice infected with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Proliferative activity of cultured spleen cells obtained from mice 1 to 5 weeks after infection with attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium was examined in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (Con A). Spontaneous uptake of 3H-thymidine (TdR) by cells taken from infected mice at the 2nd and 3rd weeks was obviously lower than that by cells from uninfected, control mice. Cells from infected mice at the 4th and 5th weeks also showed a lower proliferative response to LPS than that of the controls. However, the responses of the cells to Con A remained virtually unchanged during the entire period. Furthermore, the reduction of spontaneous 3H-TdR uptake by the cells could be achieved also by the injection of heat-killed instead of living organisms. The T- and B-lymphocyte populations of these spleen cells were examined by the dye exclusion cytotoxic test using rabbit anti-mouse T- and anti-mouse B-lymphocyte sera, respectively. There was some alteration of the populations in the cells, but it did not correlate with the reduction in 3H-TdR uptake. Results of experiments with cultured cells reconstituted with lymphocytes and macrophages isolated from spleen cells suggested that the spontaneous reduction of proliferative activity observed in cells taken from the infected mice could be attributed to the dysfunction of macrophages. PMID- 7001186 TI - The Zweifach International Award 1979. Ariadne's thread--an autobiographical essay on capillary permeability. PMID- 7001189 TI - [Fatty acids of fast-growing mycobacteria and related microorganisms]. PMID- 7001190 TI - [Outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 7001193 TI - The chronopathology of premenstrual psychopathology. AB - Psychopathology may occur with the following premenstrual chronopathologic characteristic : the symptoms begin about four days before menstruation and end within the first four days of menstrual flow. For the diagnosis of "premenstrual tension syndrome" (PMTS) the complaints must be present for four consecutive menstrual cycles. According to DSM-III criteria PMTS is a mental disorder of shared phenomenology. The major etiologic factor is hyperprolactinaemia alone or in combination with reduced plasma levels of oestrogen or progesteron during the final luteal phase. The premenstrual chronopathology of these three forms of hyperprolactinaemia may explain the pathogenesis of PMTS. Lithium appears to have a favourable effect on the chronopathologic disorder. As to the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis, the intracellular affects of prolactin or prostaglandin PGE1 are important. From a pathophysiologic point of view PMTS may be considered a deficiency of PGE1 activity in the hypothalamus and the temporal cortical areas. This is antagonized by lithium. Premenstrual exacerbations of depression or psychosis differ from PMTS as to their clinical symptoms, location, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment. From a pathophysiologic point of view PGE1 may be involved here, too. Implications for further investigation are discussed. PMID- 7001192 TI - Possible mechanism of success of an allotransplantation in nature: mammalian pregnancy. AB - A new hypothesis is presented to explain the mechanism of non-rejection of a natural allograft: the mammalian fetus during early development. Using the rabbit as a model, it is proposed here that uteroglobin (UG., MW. 15,800) synthesized in the uterus during early pregnancy, crosslinks with beta 2-microglobulin (part of the H-2 and HL-A antigens) on the embryonic cell surface. This crosslinking is achieved by the enzyme transglutaminase (coagulation factor XIIIa), which has a 4 -5 fold increased activity in the uterus during early pregnancy. The conversion of pre-uteroglobin (Pre-UG) to uteroglobin (UG) and pro-transglutaminase (factor XIII) to active transglutaminase (factor XIIIa) is achieved by the concurrent increased activity of proteases present in the uterus at this time. UG is a dimeric protein with two alpha-helices running in parallel and connected by two disulfide bonds. We propose that UG molecules crosslink with beta 2-microglobulin in the presence of transglutaminase (factor XIIIa). A crosslinked beta 2 microglobulin-uteroglobin complex is formed which masks the H-2 or HL-A antigen of the implanting embryo. Thus, the maternal lymphocytes do not recognize the fetal cells as foreign. This mechanism may also explain the non-immunogenicity of ejaculated sperm in the uterus, as well as the non-immunogenicity of fetal cells found in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. At later stages of pregnancy, other proteins and/or hormones as well, may play a role in non-rejection of the fetus. However, the beta 2-microglobulin-uteroglobin complex masking the transplantation antigens of the embryo may be the major mechanism for immunological protection and non-rejection of the implanting embryo. PMID- 7001191 TI - Synergistic denaturant therapy--a general strategy for treatment of solid malignancies. AB - "Synergistic denaturant therapy" is defined as the acute disruption of tumor cell structure by concurrent application of "denaturant" modalities such as hyperthermia, tumor-specific acidification, hypoenergia, ischemia, sulphydryl blockade, free-radical generation, detergents, and chemical denaturants (e.g. DMSO). Possible techniques for effective and tumor-specific clinical application of these modalities are discussed, and experimental investigations of their use in cancer therapy, alone or in synergistic combinations, are cited. Various of these modalities may also be used to potentiate the efficacy and specificity of traditional anti-mitotic therapies. Numerous therapeutic advantages are offered by a "synergistic denaturant" approach. PMID- 7001194 TI - Hypothesis: the pathogenesis of pseudotumor cerebri. AB - In susceptible individuals, one of a variety of known or unknown precipitants affects the arachnoid villi so as to produce a large increase in CSF outflow resistance, Ra. This increase in Ra raises CSF pressure (CSFP), which rise provokes a redistribution of arteriovenous pressures across the cerebrovascular bed. The end result is a measurable increase in cerebral blood volume, compression of the ventricular system and compromise of the convexity subarachnoid space, which further increases CSF outflow resistance. Ultimately, a new steady state CSFP is attained. PMID- 7001195 TI - Lifestyle factors and cancer of the pancreas: a hypothetical mechanism. AB - The interaction of a genetically determined protease inhibitor, the enzymes whose functions are modified by that inhibitor and lifestyle factors, such as cigarette smoking, high lipid diet and alcohol consumption, are considered key factors in a proposed protease-antiprotease imbalance mechanism for pancreatic oncogenesis. Epidemiologic and experimental laboratory evidence in support of the mechanism is presented along with a discussion of suggested research initiatives to further test the hypothesis. PMID- 7001196 TI - Diet and cancer: an epidemiological perspective. PMID- 7001197 TI - Coronary spasm management with verapamil (Isoptin). AB - Because of recurrent chest pain, 17 patients with documented spasm in coronary arteries without severe atherosclerotic obstructions were treated with verapamil in an open trial, using doses of 120 mg/day to 480 mg/day (mean, 240 mg/day). Thirteen patients received additional oral isosorbide dinitrate (30 mg/day). Eleven patients became asymptomatic, and four experienced marked reduction in frequency of attacks (one to four a month). While two patients did not respond, in most patients verapamil was effective in preventing attacks of angina due to coronary spasm. PMID- 7001198 TI - Approved lists of bacterial names. PMID- 7001199 TI - Effects of alcohol in pregnancy. PMID- 7001200 TI - Hepatic transplantation. PMID- 7001201 TI - [Do anabolic steroids protect bone marrow during cytostatic therapy?]. PMID- 7001202 TI - [Long-term results of treatment of obesity]. PMID- 7001203 TI - [Threshold of action of meproscillarin following intravenous administration]. AB - A placebo-controlled double-blind trial was conducted, to determine the onset of effect of Meproscillarin (injected intravenously). 28 days apart six healthy volunteers were given double-blind 1,0 mg Meproscillarin or placebo and 60 days later 0,6 mg Digoxin, each drug as short infusion over four minutes. The total electromechanical systole corrected for heart rate (QS2c), was used as criterion of the inotropic effect of the glycoside. After placebo there no changes were observed over a period of two hours. Both glycosides shortened QS2c for about--16 ms. From Meproscillarin a 40% higher dosis was required, to achieve the same effect as with digoxin. After use of Meproscillarin the peak effect was reached after ten minutes; after digoxin a period of 60--120 minutes were required. The results show that intravenously given Meproscillarin is a fast acting glycoside. PMID- 7001204 TI - [Thromboembolic complications following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7001205 TI - [Polyneuropathies as diseases complicating malignant tumors]. PMID- 7001208 TI - Gavin Leonard Bourdas Thurston--obituary. PMID- 7001209 TI - The crime of incest. PMID- 7001206 TI - [Special features of pediatric anesthesia]. PMID- 7001207 TI - [A new antihypertensive agent used in a clinical setting]. AB - In a multicenter study with 54 patients with essential and renal hypertension (WHO I to III) the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of guanfacine were evaluated against clonidine in a double blind cross-over design. The treatment period for each drug lasted five weeks. There was a two week's wash-out period with placebo between the application of the respective preparations. During the first two weeks of treatment a daily dose of 3.3 mg guanfacine and 0.5 mg clonidine led to a significant fall in blood pressure from 187/103/138 mm Hg (s/d/m) to 152/86/113 mm Hg and from 186/101/136 mm Hg to 156/91/118 mm Hg respectively. During the following time blood pressure and dosage remained almost unchanged. In contrast to clonidine the guanfacine group showed a smaller fall in blood pressure in upright than in supine position. Both drugs showed a decrease of heart rate by approximately 4 beats per minute. Side effects such as dry mouth and tiredness were more pronounced under treatment with clonidine than with guanfacine (p less than or equal to 0,08). Guanfacine is well tolerated as a potential antihypertensive drug with relatively few side effects of mild nature. PMID- 7001210 TI - Laetrile in historical perspective. PMID- 7001211 TI - Roman medical instruments. PMID- 7001214 TI - Studies on metabolism and toxicity of styrene: III. The effect of metabolic inactivation by rat-liver S9 on the mutagenicity of phenyloxirane toward Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A comparative study on enzymic factors influencing the metabolic inactivation of phenyloxirane (styrene oxide), a major mutagenic metabolite of styrene in the liver, was carried out with respect to soluble glutathione S-transferase and microsomal epoxide hydratase in the 9000 X g supernatant fraction (S9) from a rat liver homogenate. The mutagenic activity of phenyloxirane to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 was markedly reduced by S9 in the presence of glutathione but to a smaller extent in its absence. The retarding effect of glutathione on the inherent mutagenic activity of phenyloxirane was exerted by the soluble supernatant of S9 but not by microsomes. A gas-liquid chromatographic study indicated that the effect of glutathione was attributable to the disappearance of the mutagen from the microbial assay system. The rate of the disappearance was 10 20 times as fast in the soluble supernatant fraction as in the microsomes when fortified with more than 4 mM glutathione. Our results strongly suggest that in hepatic cells of the rat, cytosol glutathione S-transferase plays a much more important role than microsomal epoxide hydratase in the detoxication of the metabolite, phenyloxirane. PMID- 7001212 TI - Brood sow management. PMID- 7001213 TI - Studies on the mutagenicity of resorcinol and hydroxy-3-(p-amino)anilino-6,N-[(p amino)phenol]benzoquinone-monoimine-1,4 in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The hair-dye coupler resorcinol and the oxidation product of p-phenylenediamine d resorcinol, hydroxy-3-(p-amino)anilino-6,N-[(p-amino)phenol]benzoquinonemonoimine 1.4, were tested for mutagenicity in the histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA98). The investigations were carried out in the absence and presence of rat-liver homogenate induced by Aroclor 1254 and the components of the NADPH-generating system. There was no indication of mutagenic activity by these 2 compounds at any of the 8 concentrations used. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the reaction product of p-phenylenediamine and resorcinol was recorded and is in agreement with its chemical structure. PMID- 7001215 TI - Mutagenic activity of vinyl compounds and derived epoxides. AB - Many vinyl compounds, such as vinyl chloride and some inhalational anesthetics, are known to be mutagens. In the present study, 10 vinyl compounds or derived epoxides, widely used in industry, were assayed in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome system. 3 strains of histidine-dependent S. typhimurium, TA1535, TA98 and TA100 were used. Of the 10 compounds, 4 were mutagens. They were 9-vinylanthracene, vinylcarbazole, 3-vinyl-7 oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane and 3-epoxyethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]-heptane. The study confirmed the overall genotoxicity of vinyl compounds and epoxides and the need to carefully screen them for mutagenic/carcinogenic effects. PMID- 7001216 TI - The mutagenic action of quindoxin, carbadox, olaquindox and some other N-oxides on bacteria and yeast. AB - The mutagenic action of 3 coccidiostatic chinoxaline-N-oxide derivatives, quindoxin, carbadox and olaquindox, was investigated by Luria and Delbruck's fluctuation test, with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli K12 as test organisms. These compounds were mutagenic at very low concentrations (2 X 10(-5)- 500 X 10(-5) mmole/l). In the Ames test they showed a mutagenic action without metabolic activation with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 at concentrations of 0.001-0.1 mmole/l in the top agar. Hence, these compounds cause both base-pair substitutions and frame-shift mutations. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4 was cultivated in the presence of the compounds, an increase in the mitotic gene conversions was observed. Certain other N-oxides also showed a mutagenic action in the fluctuation test. With Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide was mutagenic at a concentration of 0.005 mmole/l, quinoline 1-oxide at 10 mmole/l and benzofuroxan at 0.01 mmole/l. In this test no mutagenic action was found with 4-nitropyridine 1-oxide, pyridine 1-oxide or 4-picoline 1-oxide. With Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, benzofuroxan and 4 nitropyridine 1-oxide were mutagenic, whereas quinoline 1-oxide, pyridine 1-oxide and 4-picoline 1-oxide were not. In contrast, with the fluctuation test, 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide appeared to be more mutagenic than quindoxin, carbadox and olaquindox in the plate incorporation test. PMID- 7001217 TI - Induction of mitotic recombination by certain hair-dye chemicals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A number of procedures were used to test for the potential of 5 hair-dye chemicals, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, m phenylenediamine 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate and 2,5-diaminoanisole sulfate, to induce genetic damage in yeast strains D3 and D4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Various plate-test procedures, short-term suspension assays in phosphate buffer and suspension assays with liver enzyme activation all proved to be ineffective for demonstrating genetic effects of these chemicals. Only suspension assays in which the yeast cells were treated with the test chemical under growing conditions for up to 72 h were effective in demonstrating the genetic activity of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate. The implications of these results for testing of mutagens in yeast systems are discussed along with other supportive evidence from the literature. PMID- 7001218 TI - Mutagenicities of new non-alternant isomers of benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 7001220 TI - Mutagenicity in urine of workers in rubber industry. AB - Epidemiological studies have shown that those who work in rubber industry have an increased risk of cancer. In the working environment they are exposed, probably, to several hundred different chemicals some of them being known or suspected carcinogens and mutagens. The bacterial fluctuation test was used to detect the mutagenicity in the urines of exposed workers. A group of unexposed office clerks served as controls. Both groups consisted of smokers and non-smokers, and that was taken into consideration in the results. Rubber workers, either smokers or non-smokers, exhibited significantly higher mutagenic activity in their urine than the occupationally unexposed controls when the base-pair substitution strain E. coli WP2 uvrA was used as indicator organism. Use of the frameshift strain S. typhimurium TA98 revealed increased mutagenicity in the urine of occupationally exposed smokers, nonsmokers and unexposed smokers. The extent of mutagenicity in the urine of workers who smoked suggested a synergistic effect of smoking and occupational exposure. The bacterial fluctuation test with urine samples as sources of mutagenicity is able to detect chemical exposure if the excreted compounds are still in active form or can be activated. The method can be used to identify hazardous working conditions long before the manifestation of possible pathological changes in exposed individuals. PMID- 7001219 TI - Genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test. AB - The genotoxicity of 6 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and 2 related compounds was examined in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA-repair test and compared to mutagenicity in a modified Salmonella/microsome test. All 6 pyrrolizidine alkaloids were positive in the DNA-repair test, and 4 of these are known to be carcinogenic. Of the 6 positive compounds, only 5 were mutagenic. Thus, the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA-repair test displays a comparable or better capacity than the bacterial mutagenesis test for detecting the genotoxic effects of this class of carcinogens. PMID- 7001221 TI - The effect of hepatic microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions on the mutagenic activity of epoxide-containing compounds in the Salmonella assay. AB - 7 epoxide-containing compounds: allylbenzene oxide, styrene oxide, trans-beta methylstyrene oxide, 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether, vinylcyclohexene dioxide, octene dioxide and hexene dioxide were evaluated for mutagenic activity in 4 histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium, namely: TA1535, TA100, TA1537 and TA98. These epoxides, except trans-beta-methylstyrene oxide, were mutagenic in TA1535 and TA100 but none of the tested compounds caused mutations in strains TA1537 and TA98. Both the cytosolic (100000 g soluble) and/or microsomal (100000 g pellet) fractions derived from noninduced mouse, guinea pig, and/or rat consistently decreased the mutagenic activity of the 3 most active mutagens: allylbenzene oxide, styrene oxide and 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether. This reduction was found to depend on the substrate and the source of the enzyme fraction. Glutathione alone or in combination with the mouse cytosolic fraction resulted in negligible suppression in the mutagenic activity of the 3 epoxides under the conditions reported in this paper. The enzyme(s) in the cytosol responsible for the reduction in mutagenicity co-eluted from gel filtration with the epoxide hydrolase activity. These data are not consistent with the assumption that all epoxide hydrolase activity in an "S9" fraction is microsomal. PMID- 7001222 TI - Mutagenicity of psoralen epoxides. PMID- 7001223 TI - Detection of mutagenicity of procarbazine by the host-mediated assay with polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1254) as enzyme inducer. AB - Procarbazine [N-isoppropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide] was tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium G46 in the host-mediated assay by using male BALB/c mice pretreated orally with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, Aroclor 1254). Procarbazine was weakly mutagenic without PCB pretreatment, but the pretreatment greatly enhanced the mutagenicity of this compound. The administration of 500 mg PCB/kg 1 day before procarbazine dosage was suitable for the detection of the mutagenicity. Among PCB, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and phenobarbital sodium (PB), the former 2 inducers showed much stronger enhancing effects than PB. The pretreatment with 3-MC in combination with PB did not cause further enhancement compared with 3-MC alone. PMID- 7001225 TI - Membrane-damaging agents cause mitotic non-disjunction in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7001224 TI - In vitro production of human fecal mutagen. AB - The feces of some normal humans were previously shown to be mutagenic by the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with strain TA100. In the present study, the mutagenicity of feces of certain donors can be increased by anaerobic incubation for 96 h. The increase in mutagenicity did not occur upon incubation in the cold or in air, in the presence of antimicrobial agents or if the feces were sterilized by heat. On thin-layer chromatographs, the relative mobility of fecal mutagen for all donors after incubation was the same in any one of 4 different solvent systems. The major mutagenicity appears to be due to a single type of compound which may be produced by anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7001226 TI - Mutagenicity of extracts of urine from rats treated with aromatic amines. PMID- 7001227 TI - Airborne mutagens extracted from particles of respirable size. PMID- 7001228 TI - Mutagenicity of antibiotics in microbial assays. Problems of evaluation. AB - 5 antibiotics, 4 of which inhibit protein synthesis in different ways, and 1 of which inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis, were tested in a battery of microbial assays for possible genetic effects. All the antibiotics, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, gentamicin, oleandomycin and phosphonomycin induced forward mutation to L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid resistance in Escherichia coli WP2. This response was closely correlated with the toxic effects and was inferred to be deletion mutation. In addition, chloramphenicol was weakly active in reversion of the frame-shift mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, gentamicin caused petite induction in S. cerevisiae at pH 4.4--4.7 and tetracycline gave a significant reponse with gene conversion and petite induction also in S. cerevisiae but at pH 7.2. The results, particularly those with E. coli, cast doubts on the validity of testing specifically designed antibacterial agents in bacteria, and raise serious problems in the evaluation of such data in terms to human populations. PMID- 7001230 TI - Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. AB - Within three weeks of definitive surgical intervention, 467 patients with histologically proved malignant glioma were randomized to receive one of four treatment regimens: semustine (MeCCNU), radiotherapy, carmustine (BCNU) plus radiotherapy, or semustine plus radiotherapy. We analyzed the data for the total randomized population and for the 358 patients in whom the initial protocol specifications were met (the valid study group). Observed toxicity included acceptable skin reactions secondary to radiotherapy and reversible leukopenia and thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy used alone or in combination with a nitrosourea significantly improved survival in comparison with semustine alone. The group receiving carmustine plus radiotherapy had the best survival, but the difference in survival between the groups receiving carmustine plus radiotherapy and semustine plus radiotherapy was not statistically significant. The combination of carmustine plus radiotherapy produced a modest benefit in long term (18-month) survival as compared with radiotherapy alone, although the difference between survival curves was not significiant at the 0.05 level. This study suggests that it is best to use radiotherapy in the post-surgical treatment of malignant glioma and to continue the search for an effective chemotherapeutic regimen to use in addition to radiotherapy. PMID- 7001232 TI - Prevalence of IgA2 deposits in IgA nephropathies: a clue to their pathogenesis. PMID- 7001231 TI - Phenylketonuria: epitome of human biochemical genetics (first of two parts). PMID- 7001229 TI - Control of blood sugar in insulin-dependent diabetes: comparison of an artificial endocrine pancreas, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and intensified conventional insulin therapy. AB - We compared the ability of closed-loop intravenous insulin infusion (i.e., an artificial "pancreas"), open-loop continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and intensified conventional insulin therapy (preprandial injections of regular insulin, with injection of long-acting zinc-suspension insulin before breakfast) to bring the hyperglycemia of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects to a level comparable to that of normal, nondiabetic subjects. The mean circadian levels of plasma glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and M values (defined in Methods) did not significantly differ among the three regimens. Although these levels in the diabetic subjects approximated those in the normal subjects, the levels of plasma insulin, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and M values were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (P < 0.01). Therefore, at least on a short-term basis, all three regimens can produce comparable, nearly normal levels of blood sugar in such patients; moreover, closed-loop devices can be used to determine insulin requirements for conventional therapy. PMID- 7001233 TI - Early work on external electrical defibrillation. PMID- 7001234 TI - Old medical societies. PMID- 7001235 TI - Shedding from normal and cancer-cell surfaces. PMID- 7001236 TI - Aspirin and dipyridamole ineffective in treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica. PMID- 7001238 TI - Doctors afield: David Cobb, M.D. PMID- 7001237 TI - Cytotoxic autoantibodies to beta cells in the serum of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - We studied serum from 36 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for the capacity to lyse beta cells. Immunofluorescence revealed an islet-cell cytoplasmic antibody (ICA) in 20 patients with IDDM and an islet-cell-surface antibody (ICSA) in 23. Neither ICA nor ICSA was found in any of 21 normal controls or 15 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In the presence of complement. ICSA-positive serum caused significant lysis as measured by release of 51Cr (50.1 +/- 8.8 per cent) from cultured rat islet cells, but ICSA-negative serum did not (17.7 +/- 7.3 per cent) (P < 0.001). Proof that ICSA-positive serum was lytic for beta cells was obtained by a double-fluorescence technique that identified lysed cells by their capacity to take up ethidium bromide and beta cells by their staining with fluorescein-conjugated antibody to insulin. These findings suggest that cytotoxic ICSA contributes to the pathogenesis of IDDM, but the mere presence of ICSA does not appear to be sufficient to produce diabetes; family studies showed that one fourth of the serum samples from nondiabetic first degree relatives of diabetic probands were ICSA-positive and cytotoxic for beta cells. PMID- 7001239 TI - John Lister, London correspondent. PMID- 7001240 TI - By the London post. The last post. PMID- 7001241 TI - Clinical trials of transfer factors. PMID- 7001243 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 7001245 TI - Control of infectious disease in developing countries. PMID- 7001244 TI - Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi by culture of duodenal string capsule. PMID- 7001246 TI - Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists stimulate meiotic maturation of follicle enclosed rat oocytes in vitro. AB - Although the principal function of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is to stimulate the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), there is evidence that agonistic analogues of GnRH directly inhibit steroidogenesis in the testis and ovary. On the other hand, Clark et al. have demonstrated that GnRH and two agonists have a marked stimulatory effect on prostaglandin synthesis by granulosa cells isolated from immature rats treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Stimulation by these compounds was distinct from that by LH in that no changes in cyclic AMP production were detected. Thus it seems important to investigate the effect of these peptides on other aspects of ovarian function, for example oocyte maturation. Mammalian oocytes are arrested in the dictyate stage of the first meiotic prophase, and meiosis (oocyte maturation) normally resumes in preovulatory follicles as a consequence of the surge of LH and FSH. This maturation can also be initiated in vitro by the addition of gonadotropins to isolated preovulatory follicles, and is accompanied by an increase in the production of lactate. We now report that GnRH and two potent agonists stimulate meiosis in vitro in follicle-enclosed oocytes in a dose-dependent and specific manner, and also cause an increase of lactate accumulation during incubation. PMID- 7001242 TI - Randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. AB - Before the introduction of tamoxifen, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely considered to be the hormonal treatment of choice in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. We performed a randomized clinical trial of these two agents to determine their relative efficacy and toxicity. The trial involved 143 evaluable patients, of whom 99 had received no prior systemic therapy and 44 had received previous chemotherapy. The regression rates (complete plus partial) were higher in patients receiving DES (41 per cent) than in those receiving tamoxifen (33 per cent), but not significantly so (P = 0.37). In patients who had had no prior systemic therapy, the rates were 44 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively (P = 0.55), and in those who had had previous chemotherapy, 32 per cent vs. 23 per cent (P = 0.50). Analysis of the time until treatment failure for the two treatment groups showed no significant difference (medians: DES, 142 days; tamoxifen, 171 days). Toxicity was greater in patients receiving DES; nine of 74 patients (12 per cent) discontinued therapy solely because of adverse reactions. Since there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy and since tamoxifen was less toxic, tamoxifen appears to be the preferred agent. PMID- 7001248 TI - Control of natural resistance to Salmonella typhimurium and Leishmania donovani in mice by closely linked but distinct genetic loci. AB - Inbred strains of mice vary in their sensitivity to infection with both Salmonella typhimurium and Leishmania donovani. In both cases, this differential susceptibility is genetically controlled. Resistance to the intracellular parasite L. donovani is determined by a single locus on chromosome 1, designated Lsh (ref. 4). The primary regulator of resistance to S. typhimurium is a single, dominant autosomal gene, named Ity (for immunity to typhimurium), and it has also been recently mapped to chromosome 1 (ref. 6). In addition, two other genetic loci regulate resistance to S. typhimurium in mice. These genes, Lpsd and xid, are mutant alleles that render C3H/HeJ and CBA/N mice, respectively, salmonella susceptible. Both Bradley and his colleagues, and Plant and Glynn, noted similar patterns of resistance or susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to L. donovani and S. typhimurium, and therefore suggested that Lsh and Ity might be the same gene. Mapping of both genes to the same region of chromosome 1 supported this hypothesis but no linkage studies have been used to test it. Since recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains are, in effect, permanent segregant populations, they are ideal for determing linkage between resistance genes to two different pathogens. Therefore, we determined the S. typhimurium susceptibility of five sets of RI mouse strains that had been previously typed for Lsh and conclude that Lsh and Ity are closely linked but distinct genetic loci. PMID- 7001249 TI - Roles of RecA revealed. PMID- 7001247 TI - Thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen which cross-reacts with acetylcholine receptor. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a major antigen in the neuromuscular disease myasthenia gravis and it is clear today that the basic defect in this disease is brought about by an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions. The involvement of the thymus and its role in myasthenia have been widely investigated but are still poorly understood. A high incidence of thymic abnormalities is observed in patients with myasthenia and thymectomy is beneficial in many cases. Immunological studies have demonstrated the presence of humoral as well as cellular immune responses towards thymic tissues in myasthenic patients. There were also some reports that animals immunized with thymic extracts develop a partial defect in neuromuscular transmission. In spite of all these observations, the nature and origin of the association between the thymus and the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis are still not known. We have previously demonstrated an immunological cross-reactivity, both humoral and cellular, between a thymic component and AChR; such a cross-reactivity could provide a molecular explanation for the involvement of the thymus in myasthenia gravis. In this study, we demonstrate, by using immunofluorescence and radioimmunological techniques, that thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen which binds specifically to antibodies against nicotinic AChR and is thus defined as an 'AChR-like' antigen. A preliminary report of this study has been published. PMID- 7001250 TI - Compound eyes: old and new optical mechanisms. AB - Over the last twenty years classical views of how compound eyes work optically have undergone a series of overhauls. Exner's central concept of an optically inhomogeneous lens cylinder has survived, and such devices are now made commercially. He was wrong, however, about some crustacean eyes. They produce images by a mirror mechanism that was not discovered until 1975, and which now shows promise as an optical system capable of development. PMID- 7001251 TI - Badgers at risk. PMID- 7001252 TI - L-leucine and a nonmetabolized analogue activate pancreatic islet glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - The release of insulin evoked by nutrients in the pancreatic beta-cell is attributed to either the activation of a stereospecific receptor by the nutrient molecule itself or the generation of one or more signal(s) through the intracellular metabolism of the nutrient secretagogue. The first of these hypotheses is apparently supported by the fact the nonmetabolized amino acids, especially the L-leucine analogue b(-)2-amino-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carbocyclic acid (BCH), stimulate insulin release. However, we now report evidence in support of the second hypothesis. We present data consistent with the idea that BCH induces insulin release through the allosteric activation of glutamate dehydrogenase. This is compatible with the fuel hypothesis, which states that the secretory response to nutrient secretagogues depends always on an increase of catabolic fluxes in the islet cells. PMID- 7001253 TI - Why are fetal muscles slow? AB - Differentiating fast and slow mammalian muscles contract slowly at birth and increase their speed during the first few weeks of life. However, only small proportions of slow myosin light chains are found in early developing muscles and the fast type of light chains predominate. In addition, differentiating muscle contains unique, embryonic forms of myosin which may partially determine the early slow responses. The present study suggests additional reasons for these slow twitch times. Most skeletal muscles are initially formed from a small population of primary generation cells which are innervated by pioneering axons early in myogenesis. Subsequently, numerous secondary generation cells develop along the walls of primary myotubes, then separate and become independent units of contraction. Using affinity-purified antibodies to fast and slow myosin, it was found that most primary myotubes react with anti-slow myosin and are destined to become slow, Type I fibres. By contrast, secondary generation cells stain exclusively with anti-fast myosin and develop into Type II, fast fibres. We propose that primary myotubes constitute the fundamental motor units of the developing neuromuscular system and are responsible for early slow movements. Secondary generation cells become organized into large, fast motor units later in development, eclipsing the original slow response. PMID- 7001254 TI - The enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan shows antinociceptive activity in mice. AB - There is both theoretical and therapeutic interest in establishing whether the signals conveyed by the enkephalins are turned off under the action of a specific peptidase which might, in this case, represent a target for a new class of psychoactive agents. Enkephalinase, a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase cleaving the Gly3-Phe4 bond of enkephalins and distinct fropm angiotensin coverting enzyme (ACE), might be selectively involved in enkephalinergic transmission. It is a membrane-bound enzyme whose localization in the vicinity of opiate receptors in the central nervous system is suggested by parallel regional and subcellular distributions as well as by the effects of lesions. Such a role is further supported by the ontogenetic development of enkephalinase, its substrate specificity accounting for the increased biological activity of several enkephalin analogues and its adaptive increase following chronic treatment with morphine. To investigate the functional role of this enzyme further, we have designed a potent and specific enkephalinase inhibitor. We report here that this compound, thiorphan [(DL-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropanoyl)-glycine; patent no. 8008601] protects the enkephalins from the action of enkephalinase in vitro in nanomolar concentration and in vivo after either intracerebroventricular or systemic administration. In addition, thiorphan itself displays antinociceptive activity which is blocked by naloxone, an antagonist of opiate receptors. PMID- 7001255 TI - Genes which control cell proliferation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In many eukaryotes it is thought that cell proliferation is regulated at a point in G1 close to the initiation of DNA synthesis. Hartwell and his colleagues have shown such a point in G1 phase in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defined by the cdc 28 mutation. He has termed this point 'start' and showed that for cells to proceed beyond start, initiate DNA synthesis and produce a bud, various conditions must be met. Two of these conditions are the presence of adequate nutrients in the medium and attainment of a critical size. We identify here some of the genes controlling start by isolating mutants which are altered with respect to the conditions in which start occurs. Two types of mutant have been isolated. One results in bud initiation when the parent cell is only half the size at which bud initiation occurs in wild-type cells. Such mutants define a single gene, whi-1, and they are apparently analogous to the size mutants isolated by Nurse and his colleagues in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A second type of mutation affects a second gene, whi-2, which is involved in the mechanism whereby cells arrest in G1 in stationary phase. whi-2- cells growing exponentially initiate buds at the same size as wild-type cells. In stationary phase, however, whi-2- cells growing exponentially initiate buds at the same size as wild-type cells. In stationary phase, however, whi-2- cells, unlike wild-type cells, are predominantly budded and are smaller than wild-type cells. PMID- 7001257 TI - [Developments and current possibilities in cancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 7001256 TI - Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on blood pressure and on renin formation and release. AB - I.v. injection of 40 mg/kg or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin reliably induced diabetes in female Sprague-Dawley rats, but failed to induced hypertension within the following 42 days. In most animals injected with the higher dose and in some animals injected with the lower dose the tail blood flow was permanently impaired so that no blood pressure signals could be obtained by tail plethysmography. This phenomenon occurred also when the drug was injected into the jugular vein and thus was not due to a local effect of streptozotocin. 15 days after 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, the mean arterial pressure of the rats was similar to that of controls, when measured inthe awake state (carotid cannula) or under ether anaesthesia. 42 days after streptozotocin, under pentobarbital anaesthesia, the blood pressure was again normal in the animals given 40 mg/kg of the drug and depressed in the animals given 65 mg/kg of the drug 42 days previously. The increase of blood pressure induced by 1 microgram/kg (-)-noradrenaline i.v. was similar in the latter group of animals and in controls. The renal cortical renin concentration was much lower than in controls 42 days after either dose of streptozotocin, while the plasma renin activity was normal (40 mg/kg) or increased 65 mg/kg). The low renal renin content may have been due to the diabetic state, rather than to the drug itself. Adrenal medullary dopamine-beta hydroxylase activity was increased 42 days after the higher dose of streptozotocin. PMID- 7001258 TI - [Tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7001259 TI - [Tuberculous osteitis due to BCG]. PMID- 7001260 TI - Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7001261 TI - Renal biopsy in acute allograft rejection. Significance of moderate vascular lesions in long-term graft survival. AB - 55 renal allograft biopsies obtained during acute rejection episodes resistant to standard antirejection therapy in 36 renal transplant recipients were reviewed and the findings correlated with long-term graft prognosis. 20 patients demonstrated moderate vascular pathology (group A), while 16 patients demonstrated changes consistent with pure cell-mediated rejection wit no vascular lesions (group B). Groups were similar with respect to age range, duration of haemodialysis, sex and antigen match. Of patients with vascular changes, 11 had arterial changes, 9 had arteriolar changes and 6 had arterial and arteriolar changes. The cumulative graft survival for group A was significantly less than that for group B at all post-transplantation intervals up to 24 months (p < 0.001). PMID- 7001262 TI - Pulmonary infection with M. kansasii in a renal transplant patient. AB - A 24-year-old man developed a severe pleuropulmonary infection with Mycobacterium kansasii 18 months after receiving a kidney transplant from his mother. Intestinal malabsorption with severe diarrhea and a skin abscess disappeared and his pneumonia was cured when Rifampin was administered. This suggested that generalized dissemination with M. kansasii may have been present. PMID- 7001264 TI - [Analysis of CT findings in acute head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001263 TI - Influence of age and sodium intake on plasma renin activity of normal subjects. AB - Supine and upright plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured i 104 normal subjects (age range 13-74 years, 71 males and 33 females) on a constant diet of normal potassium (60-80 mEq/day) and of varying but constant, sodium content (range 10-260 mEq/day). Both supine and upright PRA values were inversely related to the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, while only upright PRA values showed a significant inverse correlation with age. Through a multiple regression analysis it was shown that age increased the significance of the PRA/sodium relationship by about 10%. Besides posture, two other factors seem to influence the PRA-age relationship: the age range and the sodium intake. In fact, the PRA-age relationship was not detectable either when subjects below 20 and above 50 were excluded, or when sodium intake was increased above 140 mEq/day. These data can explain the contrasting reports on the age influence on renin secretion. The relationship between PRA and urinary sodium confirms the dependance of PRA on the state of sodium balance. Age significantly influences the PRA/sodium relationship of normal subjects on normal or low sodium intake and in the upright position. Therefore, the decline of PRA with age may be explained by the decrease either of renin storage or of sympathetic nervous system activity on renin release. PMID- 7001266 TI - Electron microscopic localization of enkephalin in the median eminence and the adenohypophysis of the guinea-pig. PMID- 7001265 TI - Blood-brain barrier: a definition of normal and altered function. AB - The anatomical component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been shown to be the cerebral capillary. These capillary endothelial cells are connected by continuous tight intercellular junctions and under normal conditions do not demonstrate transendothelial channels or pinocytotic vesicles. The rate that substances penetrate the BBB is related to molecular size, lipid solubility, and the presence of a specific carrier-mediated transport system. This latter mechanism for transendothelial passage is utilized for the movement of a wide variety of biologically important compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. In certain pathological conditions, the permeability of the BBB is altered so that normally excluded plasma proteins and fluid enter the brain extracellular space, with the subsequent development of cerebral edema. In other abnormal conditions, alterations in the specialized transport systems operating across the cerebral capillary result in adverse changes in cerebral and neurotransmitter metabolism. An understanding of the unique properties of the BBB and of the changes that occur in pathological conditions has allowed the development of rational therapeutic strategies for a wide variety of diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 7001267 TI - Regulating the bed supply in nursing homes. AB - Federal and state regulation of capital expenditures has been advanced as a means both to ensure rational allocation of resources and to control costs. But evidence drawn from eight states suggests that limiting the supply of nursing home beds ("certificate of need"), without refining conflicting standards of eligibility, quality control, and reimbursement policies (Medicaid and "rate setting"), effectively discriminates against persons most in need of medical care. Alternative strategies for achieving economy, equity, and efficiency are explored. PMID- 7001269 TI - HMO enrollment: who joins what and why: a review of the literature. AB - Enrollment in an HMO involves a simultaneous choice of insurance benefits and a provider system. Review of an extensive series of studies shows that breadth of coverage, lower cost, and assured access to benefits are key elements anticipated in the choice. But so too are the perceived limitations inherent in selection of a physician within a close-panel plan, and the inconvenience of centralized sites. For the design and evaluation of future policy, current knowledge based on past enrollment behavior offers only tentative suggestions. PMID- 7001268 TI - The performance of Health Maintenance Organizations: an analytic review. AB - An analytic review of the literature on HMO performance reveals common limitations that make available evidence inconclusive, at best. Most studies have been more descriptive than analytic; others are characterized by serious deficiencies in methodology. Although several observations about the effects of HMOs appear frequently, the causes are not known. Four hypotheses concerning performance are advanced for further exploration. PMID- 7001270 TI - [Reninemia and its clinical value]. AB - After examining the most recent findings on the physiopathology of the renin angiotensin system, techniques are analysed for the determination of renin activity (PRA). These are still inadequate and imprecise, notwithstanding radioimmunological techniques and stress is laid on the importance of their standardisation. Analysis of the various forms of arterial hypertension shows that PRA measurement has clinical value only: 1) in nephrovascular hypertension; 2) in primary hyper-reninism; 3) in primary hypercorticosuprarenalism; 4) to back up an indication for bilateral nephrectomy in terminal nephropathies with uncontrollable pressure value. At the present time, however, it would appear that PRA does not have any clinical utility for the study of essential hypertension. PMID- 7001271 TI - [The preleukemic syndrome. Aspects of the problem and consideration of 5 cases]. AB - Chronic acquired peripheral cytopenia, usually the result of ineffective myelopoiesis, is the main feature of the dysmyelopoiesis described as the preleukaemic syndrome. Probably attributable to a stem cell disorder, this condition may well progress to acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Five cases in which a retrospective diagnosis of preleukaemia was possible are presented. Each patient was followed from the onset of the disease and throughout its entire course. The possibility that the preleukaemic picture might have been secondary to exposure to marrow-damaging agents or an initial paraneoplastic syndrome, or was some other disease (Bjorkman's acquired sideroblastic anaemia, refractory anaemia with partial Dreyfus myeloblastosis, nocturnal paroxystic haemoglobinuria) was ruled out in all cases. PMID- 7001272 TI - [Progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type. Epidemiology and strategy for prevention]. PMID- 7001273 TI - [Aldo Masturzo (1907-1980)]. PMID- 7001274 TI - [Parmesan physicians in the poems of Frugoni. The Hippocrates of the moors, the chilly physician]. PMID- 7001276 TI - [Exhaustibility of beta cells in the aged after repeated stimuli]. AB - Seven aged subjects (mean age 78,5 years) and seven young controls (mean age 23,8 years), all nondiabetics and non-obese, were given intravenous injections of glucose, glucose and arginine, tolbutamide, tolbutamide and glucagon at 30 minutes intervals in order to determine the maximum insulin-secretory capacity of their pancreatic beta-islet cells after intensive stimulation. The response iun the elderly group was less prompt and quantitatively smaller at all stage of the test, but the beta-cells both in aged and in young subjects showed no evidence of exhaustion. PMID- 7001275 TI - [Current views on the operability of pulmonary carcinoma]. AB - A review of the world's leading series showed that, in spite of the criticism levelled against it and its limitations, surgical management is still the first and the soundest means, albeit not the only means of obtaining a cure. In subjects treated surgically only, survival is of the order of 25%, irrespective of histological type. This explains the modern tendency to evaluate complementary treatment, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in suitable combinations. Stress is also placed on the importance of exploratory thoracotomy as the only sound way of determining the precise radicality of the operation, and with a view to regional reductive surgery. PMID- 7001277 TI - [A personal case of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and review of the literature]. AB - A personal case of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is reported and the nosographic importance of this form is reviewed. It is showed that primary forms, as opposed to those secondary to visceral perforation, always display a benign outcome. In some clearly-defined situations, therefore, a wait-and-see policy may be adopted, provided continuous surveillance of the position is assured. PMID- 7001278 TI - [Parmesan physicians in the poems of Frugoni. The sleepyhead physician]. PMID- 7001279 TI - [Diabetic nephropathy. Review of the current status and practical considerations concerning etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic aspects]. AB - Reference is made to personal research and clinical experience, coupled with a select bibliography, in a survey of the most significant current knowledge with regard to diabetic nephropathy, designed for the nonspecialist practitioner and intended to enable him to update his knowledge without plunging into details, and to quickly decide what measures he should adopt in his daily practice. Questions of histopathology and aetiopathogenesis are examined, together with the relations between proteinuria, hypertension, renal function, and diabetic nephropathy. The clinical profile and progress of the disease are illustrated. Lastly, an account is given of the conventional modes of treatment, and of the still partly unsatisfactory results offered by more recent forms of replacement therapy (dialysis and transplantation). PMID- 7001281 TI - [Technological evolution of the pacemaker]. PMID- 7001280 TI - [Gout. Historical presuppositions to modern concepts]. PMID- 7001282 TI - ["Double-blind" clinical study of a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug: glucametacine]. AB - A double blind clinical study has been carried out with two non-steroid anti inflammatory drugs, glucametacine and phenylbutazone in 40 patients suffering from inflammatory and degenerative type arthrorheumopathies, selected and randomised into two groups. Examination of results shows the greater effectiveness of glucametacine (78%)over phenylbutazone (60%). Glucametacine was also statistically (p < 0,05) better from the tolerance point of view. PMID- 7001283 TI - [Italian songs correlated with medicine and pharmacy]. PMID- 7001284 TI - [Physiopathology of the metabolism and oxygenation of the fetal brain]. PMID- 7001285 TI - [The greatest enemy of mankind: the plague]. PMID- 7001286 TI - [Music and medicine in the writings of Felice La Torre (1846-1923)]. PMID- 7001287 TI - Nutrition classics: American Journal of Physiology. Volume 183, 1955. Effect of food restriction on body composition of hereditary obese mice. Lillian G. Alonso and Thomas H. Maren. PMID- 7001288 TI - Wellness: approaches and resources. PMID- 7001289 TI - Changes in body temperature after administration of adrenergic and serotonergic agents and related drugs including antidepressants. AB - This survey, the third in a series, presents extensive tabulations of literature, primarily since 1965, on thermoregulatory effects of adrenergic and serotonergic agonists and their antagonists including ergot alkaloids, amphetamines, tryptamines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic and other antidepressants, a variety of other agents which alter presynaptic aminergic mechanisms including reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, p-chlorophenylalanine, alpha-methyltyrosines, cocaine, guanethidine and bretylium. The information listed includes the species used, route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which the experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of body temperature change and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or lesions, or on the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary drug. PMID- 7001290 TI - Computers in medicine. PMID- 7001291 TI - The subapical segment: a historical note. PMID- 7001292 TI - Malignant hypertension developing while on captopril. PMID- 7001294 TI - Computer-based information services in medicine. PMID- 7001293 TI - Control programmes for streptococcal disease among rural school children. AB - Rheumatic fever remains important in New Zealand, and rheumatic heart disease is common. In a high risk area, a study of primary preventive strategies was undertaken among primary school children. The principal aim was to reduce beta haemolytic streptococcal throat carriage. Subordinate aims were to reduce sickness-related absenteeism and the clinical incidence of streptococcal disease. The strategies compared included (1) identification and treatment of asymptomatic carriers at three-monthly surveys; (2) between-survey home visits of a nurse to identify infections and encourage prompt referral to the family doctor; (3) an exercise programme intended to increase general and respiratory fitness. Some benefit resulted from each strategy but the exercise programme was the least costly. The benefits of treatment of carriers and home visiting are probably insufficient to make them worthwhile. PMID- 7001295 TI - The prophylactic use of metronidazole in caesarean section. AB - A double-blind study of 73 patients was undertaken to evaluate the prophylactic effect of short-term metronidazole in caesarean section. Metronidazole, 500 mg, given intravenously prior to making the incision, followed by 2 g, rectally, on completion of surgery failed to reduce the incidence of infection post operatively. There was no reduction in the number of patients requiring antibiotics or in the quantity of post-operative pyrexia, as assessed by the fever index. The incidence of post-operative pyrexia was not affected by the duration of ruptured membranes or the use of a fetal scalp electrode. PMID- 7001296 TI - Comparison of success and morbidity in cervical cerclage procedures. AB - A review of 251 cervical cerclage procedures in 205 women over a 7.5-year period was conducted to compare the success rate and morbidity of the Shirodkar and McDonald techniques. Fetal survival rate was 19% before 139 elective McDonald operations and 20% before 63 elective Shirodkar procedures. Fetal survival was 78% after elective McDonald operations and 87% after elective Shirodkar procedures, a difference that is not statistically significant (P > .05). Fetal survival rate was 53% after 30 emergency McDonald and 68% after 19 emergency Shirodkar procedures, a difference not statistically significant. Major postoperative morbidity occurred in 2.0% of the elective cerclage procedures, and acute chorioamnionitis accounted for half the complications (1.2%). Mean blood loss was 30 ml with McDonald operations and 44 ml with Shirodkar procedures; the maximum blood loss of 150 ml occurred in 2 emergency operations. Cervical laceration at parturition occurred more often with Shirodkar (11%) or McDonald (14%) procedures than with the 55,688 other deliveries (2.18%) during the 7.5 year study period (P < .001). Cervical scarring and elective cesarean section significantly (P < .025) increased the cesarean section rate to 16% after McDonald procedures and 25% after Shirodkar procedures. PMID- 7001297 TI - Meningitis, ventriculitis, and hydrocephalus: a complication of fetal monitoring. AB - A case is presented of meningitis, ventriculitis, and hydrocephalus secondary to the use of fetal scalp monitoring. The most commonly reported fetal complication related to the application of the scalp electrode is the development of a scalp abscess; the incidence varies between 0.45 and 4.5%, but several other complications have also been reported and the overall incidence is not well established. Infants in whom a scalp electrode has been used should be carefully examined to detect potential serious complications. PMID- 7001298 TI - Lead poisoning: an historic view. PMID- 7001299 TI - [A new conditioner for the metallo-ceramic technic]. PMID- 7001301 TI - Will the real 'father of dental education' please stand up? (John Harris). PMID- 7001300 TI - The way we were--Ohio State Dental Society, 1866. PMID- 7001302 TI - The Nichols: 100 years of Ohio dentistry. PMID- 7001303 TI - Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Genesis of a cancer center. PMID- 7001304 TI - [Formation of hematopoietic territories in heterotopic bone marrow transplantation]. AB - The possibility of the formation of a new bone marrow organ from the initially isolated bone marrow cells has been proved for the first time. Suspensions of the bone marrow cells (5 x 10(6)) placed on millipore filters were grafted under the renal capsule in mice. As a result, the bone formed and the medullary cavity developed which was populated by hemopo etc cells. These processes were closely followed during 9 weeks. To compare the sizes of hemopoietic territories formed by grafting of different bone marrow fragments, the number of bone marrow cells in the heterotopic bone marrow was estimated. The bone marrow organs formed under the renal capsule after grafting bone marrow from the whole femur or its half contained practically the same number of hemopoietic cells. It was also true for the subcutaneous transplants of bone cylinders of the same size but with different amount of bone marrow. Hence it follows that the amount of hemopoietic territory grafted depends to a great extent on the transplant form and, therefore, does not reflect the number of initially grafted microenvironment forming cells. PMID- 7001305 TI - Congenital and developmental anomalies of the shoulder girdle. AB - An understanding of congenital and developmental anomalies of the shoulder girdle is facilitated by a knowledge of embryology, physeal appearance and closure, and phylogenetic changes. Scapular, clavicular, and proximal humeral anomalies are classified and discussed with reference to diagnosis and management. Finally anomalies of the shoulder girdle musculature are delineated. PMID- 7001306 TI - Injuries of the clavicle and its articulations. AB - Injuries to the clavicle and articulations have been reviewed. Attention has been drawn to the more common symptoms, signs, and treatment associated with these injuries. PMID- 7001308 TI - Posterior dislocation of the shoulder: habitual, traumatic, and obstetrical. PMID- 7001309 TI - Old unreduced dislocations of the shoulder. PMID- 7001307 TI - Acute and recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. PMID- 7001310 TI - Tears of the rotator cuff. AB - The diagnosis of a torn rotator cuff can be readily established by arthrography. It must be suspected in any patient with should pain with or without a history of injury. Under circumstances in which spontaneous healing cannot be expected, early surgical repair should provide consistent satisfactory results. Late reconstruction now can yield good results with either the free biceps graft or the freeze dried cadaver graft. PMID- 7001312 TI - Adhesive capsulitis and the stiff and painful shoulder. AB - The author has endeavored to differentiate between the stiff and painful shoulder and adhesive capsulitis. Although the symptoms and the clinical findings can be quite similar, the arthrographic diagnosis and treatment are much different. Treatment is based upon the degree of severity of restricted motions and upon the dye capacity of the shoulder joint at the time of arthrography. It is suggested that the terms adhesive capsulitis and stiff and painful shoulder be utilized as they apply to the given situation rather than continuing to propagate the useless misnomer, "frozen shoulder." PMID- 7001311 TI - Nerve lesions about the shoulder. PMID- 7001313 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder. PMID- 7001314 TI - Lesions of the biceps and tendinitis of the shoulder. AB - It is of utmost importance to establish a proper diagnosis through physical examination and especially by use of arthrography of the shoulder. The latter is the most definitive means of eliminating the possibility of a tear of the rotator cuff or of recurrent anterior glenohumeral subluxation as the cause of the patient's symptoms. After the correct diagnosis is made, a nonoperative approach can be useful in many cases. If this is unsuccessful or if the biceps is subluxating or dislocating, a successful operation is available to alleviate the problem. PMID- 7001315 TI - Surgical approaches to the shoulder. PMID- 7001316 TI - [Bone autoplasty in ununited fractures, pseudarthroses and improperly knitted fractures of the metacarpal bones and the phalanges digitorum manus]. PMID- 7001317 TI - [Manual therapy of spinal osteochondrosis (an analytical review of the literature)]. PMID- 7001318 TI - [Bacterial flora in acute and chronic sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001319 TI - [Closure of secondary defects in the anterior pharyngo-oesophageal wall after laryngectomy for carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001320 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Rowan Karwowski]. PMID- 7001321 TI - The effect of lysosomal enzymes on the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. AB - The rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell multiplication was investigated in aortic smooth muscle cells and WI-38 fibroblasts exposed to lysosomal enzymes isolated from liver or alveolar macrophages. It was found that cells grown in the presence of lysosomal enzymes reached higher final densities than untreated cells and the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation was markedly increased in the enzyme exposed cultures. The stimulation of 3H-thymidine uptake was detected both in growing and quiescent cultures of smooth muscle cells and WI-38 fibroblasts. The precursor taken up by the lysosomal enzyme treated cells was incorporated into a DN-ase susceptible material. These experiments illustrate that lysosomal enzymes, when present in low concentration in the cellular environment, can act as mitogens and may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7001323 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis. Histochemical, histoenzymological, immunofluorescent and ultrastructural studies of ear cartilage in three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Ear cartilage has been studied by histochemistry, histoenzymology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in three cases of relapsing polychondritis. The most significant lesions have been observed at the cellular level, both by enzymology and electron microscopy: chondrocytes of peripheral zones seem to be first hypertrophic and then necrotic; at the opposite, their is no correlation between histochemical and electron microscopic studies about the chondroid intercellular substance whom lesions are probably secondary to the cellular ones. A few chondrocytes are positive with antiimmunoglobulins sera (IgM and IgA); this fact could be a proof of the dysimmune nature of this disease. PMID- 7001322 TI - [Utility of serotyping in the study of Serratia marcescens infections in Strasbourg Hospitals (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 1,499 Serratia marcescens strains were isolated in Strasbourg University Hospital within a period of three years. Serotyping could split this collection into 37 different serotypes. Two serotypes (014:H12 and 013:H17) were responsible for a persistent S. marcescens endemic. Serotype 014:H12 was mostly recovered from sputa, whereas serotype 013:H17 was mostly recovered from urine. These two serotypes had different antibiotic resistance patterns. PMID- 7001324 TI - [Rapid serodiagnosis of influenza by a modified radial haemolysis test: immune response (author's transl)]. AB - A modification of the single radial haemolysis test by treatment with Cl3Cr of the virus coated red blood cells is proposed for a rapid, more sensitive and reproducible serodiagnosis of Influenza infections. The reagents "red blood cells virus-Cl3Cr" is stable at 4 degrees C for at least 1 month: the modified test gives results within 3 hours, in measuring the H-anti-H specific reactions. The anti-influenza A immune response was studied in patients of different age, bled at different time after exposure. The IgM do not diffuse in the agarose and do not haemolyse. A clear haemolytic area is produced by IgG, partially haemolysed areas occur when there is a competition between specific IgM and IgG and in the case of reactions involving cross-reacting antigenic determinants. PMID- 7001325 TI - [Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for determination of antistreptolysin O (author's transl)]. AB - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determination of antistreptolysin O is reported. The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained using the antistreptolysin O test of Rantz and Randall. This method allows a simple, rapid, sensitive and easy for automating detection of antibodies. PMID- 7001326 TI - The pathogenesis of renal allograft rejection: an experimental investigation in sheep. AB - Fifteen renal allografts and 5 autografts were placed into the necks of bilaterally nephrectomized sheep. Ten of the sheep with allografts were also treated with azathioprine (5 mg/kg) and prednisone(1.5 mg/kg) daily. There were no changes in the distribution of immunoglobulins or of beta lC globulin which could be associated with the rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate observed in untreated allografts after 2 d and in immunosuppressed allografts after 6 d. However, this functional decline was associated with the development of interstitial oedema, lymphocyte infiltration, swelling of tubular and glomerular cells, and necrosis of the outer two-thirds of the renal cortex. Thus the onset of progressive cortical ischaemia appears to be an important event leading to renal allograft failure in sheep. PMID- 7001327 TI - Basement membranes and biological thixotropy: a new hypothesis. PMID- 7001328 TI - Beta-haemolytic bacitracin sensitive strains of Streptococcus salivarius: a source of confusion with Streptococcus pyogenes in throat swab cultures. AB - Thirty strains of Streptococcus salivarius were beta-haemolytic when initially isolated from throat swabs and, because they were also bacitracin sensitive, they could be confused with the pathogenic Streptococcus pyogenes on primary culture plates. These strains were isolated form approximately 3000 throat swab cultures made in 6 mth, during which time 220 Lancefield group A organisms were also detected. Other features of these organisms, including loss of beta-haemolysis on subculture, penicillin resistance in half of the strains and ability to grow on MacConkey bile salt agar, are not shared by Strep. pyogenes, and their demonstration enables strains of the 2 species to be simply distinguished. PMID- 7001329 TI - [Usefulness of exchange transfusions in the treatment of septicemia complicated by intravascular coagulation in newborn infants]. PMID- 7001330 TI - [Mortality of low-birth-weight newborn infants in the Warsaw hospitals during the years 1970-1974]. PMID- 7001331 TI - Vidarabine therapy of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) was evaluated for treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in a randomized controlled study. Of 56 infected newborns, 13 had infection of skin, eye, or mouth only, 16 had localized brain disease (CNS), and 27 had disseminated disease. Both treatment and placebo groups were comparable by disease distribution and for major population characteristics. Because of the severity of CNS and disseminated disease, these groups were combined for mortality assessment. Mortality was significantly reduced in babies with CNS and disseminated disease from 74% to 38% with drug therapy, P = .014. Outcome in babies with disseminated disease alone, although improved, was poor. Death rate was reduced from 85% to 57% with therapy. Only 14% of drug and 8% of placebo recipients were assessed as normal at 1 year of age. Outcome was better with localized CNS disease; mortality was reduced from 50% to 10%. With treatment, 50% of infected newborns were normal and without only 17%. With skin, eye, or mouth infection death did not occur; however, severe sequelae occurred in 38% of placebo and minor sequelae in 25% of drug recipients. No evidence of acute toxicity was identified in this study. Thus, a beneficial effect of vidarabine therapy on neonatal herpes simplex infection is similar to that evident with therapy of herpes simplex encephalitis occurring in older individuals. Nevertheless, improvement in the mode of therapy or the development of more potent antiviral drugs is essential. PMID- 7001332 TI - Effect of vitamin E therapy on blood coagulation tests in newborn infants. AB - A double-blind randomized trial of vitamin E therapy was conducted in premature infants whose birth weight was less than 1,500 gm. Treated infants received 25 mg of vitamin E daily by mouth for the first six weeks of life. Detailed studies of plasma coagulation factors were performed prior to therapy and at days 7 and 42. None of the factors differed significantly between the treated and control groups. Although vitamin E therapy has been reported to affect the blood levels of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors, no such effect was noted in this group of premature infants. PMID- 7001333 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome: a review of the medical literature 1974-1979. AB - In the last five years there have been literally hundreds of articles of the world's medical literature regarding sudden infant death syndrome. This work has shed some light on various epidemiologic aspects of the problem, on pathologic anatomy, and on clinical issues such as the relative importance of spontaneous, protracted, idiopathic apnea and prolongation of the Q-T interval. This relatively comprehensive review treats only a limited number of these subjects and publications in an attempt to bring the reader more or less up-to-date on the major aspects of developments over the last five years. PMID- 7001334 TI - Intrauterine detection of cystic fibrosis. AB - Thirteen pregnancies of obligate heterozygotes of cystic fibrosis have been prospectively monitored utilizing quantitative and qualitative measurements of methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate (MUGB) reactive proteases in amniotic fluid. In each case the diagnosis was accurately ascertained in midtrimester and confirmed after delivery. The measurement of MUGB reactivity in midtrimester amniotic fluid by three different procedures, quantitative analysis, polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing, and column filtration appears to provide a practical and reliable approach for the intrauterine detection of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7001335 TI - Immunodeficiency in congenital chyluria. PMID- 7001336 TI - Group B streptocococcal colonization. PMID- 7001337 TI - [Hemodialysis in treating renal failure in children with chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 7001338 TI - [Use of the "skin window" method for characterizing the aseptic inflammatory reaction in children]. PMID- 7001339 TI - [Complications in the transfusion of blood and its derivatives]. PMID- 7001340 TI - [Immunofluorescent study of blood smears from children in viral hepatitis foci]. PMID- 7001341 TI - Visual evoked potentials basic references. AB - A list is given of 60 basic references (monographs and general reviews) in the field of evoked potentials and event-related brain potentials applied to vision research in man. PMID- 7001345 TI - Education for nursing: the diploma way 1980-81. Information about NLN-accredited diploma programs in nursing. PMID- 7001344 TI - Oxygen supply of the brain cortex (rat) during severe hypoglycemia. AB - Oxygen supply of the brain cortex together with changes in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) were investigated during and after insulin induced hypoglycemia in 13 anaesthetized rats. Local oxygen partial pressures (pO2) on the parietal cortex were continuously measured with a multiwire surface electrode of the Clark type. During early hypoglycemia with a mean arterial glucose concentration [G]a of 2.81 (SD +/- 0.40) mmol/l, the local tissue pO2 did not change significantly as compared to the pO2 values recorded during the control period with a normal [G]a of 4.51 (SD +/- 0.70) mmol/l. During severe hypoglycemia at a [G]a of 1.39 (SD +/ 0.2) mmol/l, pO2 began to increase continuously on all 104 measuring sites, independently of changes in arterial blood pressure and ECoG. During a period of 7-18 min of isoelectricity, tissue pO2 remained elevated so long as blood pressure did not decrease. After injection of a 25% glucose solution, pO2 gradually decreased to control values within 30-60 min in most experiments. We conclude from these results that oxygen supply is generally improved during severe hypoglycemia. We assume that the increase in tissue pO2 is mainly caused by an increase in microflow. Thus, the neuronal damage occurring after severe hypoglycemia, as reported in literature, cannot primarily be caused by an oxygen deficiency. PMID- 7001342 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback control in kidneys of adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 7001343 TI - In vivo glucose turnover in hypo- and hyperthyroid starved rat. AB - The effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on glucose turnover in vivo was determined in unanesthetized rats starved for 48 h. Glucose pool and decay rate of specific radioactivity of blood glucose was measured after bolus injection of a mixture of 3H-(2)- and 14C-(U)-glucose under steady state conditions. Compared with euthyroid controls (= 100%), hypothyroidism resulted in a decrease of blood glucose concentration (81%), glucose pool (52%), glucose disappearance rate (39%), and total glucose recycling (12%). In contrast, hyperthyroidism led to an increase of blood glucose concentration (148%), glucose pool (121%), glucose disappearance rate (185%), and total glucose recycling (163%). T 1/2 for glucose was calculated to be 46 min in the hypo-, 34 min in the eu-, and 22 min in the hyperthyroid state. The concentration of circulating glucoregulatory hormones, corticosterone and glucagon were elevated in hyperthyroid rats, while glucagon was diminished in hypothyroid animals. No difference in the level of insulin was found. These data demonstrate that glucose turnover in vivo is a function of the thyroid state being reduced in hypo- and considerably increased in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7001346 TI - Salpingitis in poultry. I. Prevalence, bacteriology and possible pathogenesis in broilers. AB - The prevalence of salpingitis in broilers at slaughter seems to be rather constant, constituting 0.02--0.03% of the broilers slaughtered (Table I & Figure 1). Profuse growth of Escherichia coli in pure culture was obtained from the salpinx of all 123 investigated carcasses with chronic salpingitis. Primary blood agar plates examined showed a pure culture as to O-group as well. Of 22 different O-groups demonstrated, 01, 02, 07 and 053 were most prevalent, constituting 47% of the strains (Table III). Salmonella spp. were not demonstrated. Etiology, pathogenesis and possible food hygienic consequences are discussed in the light of the present findings. PMID- 7001347 TI - [Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in foods. Higher production hygiene as an alternative to nitrite (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001348 TI - [Immunological tests as guide-lines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were followed up for periods of 8 to 48 months. Sixty-six clinical exacerbations of the disease were observed and treated with various, non-randomized therapeutic regimens. The relationship between the results of immunological tests (DNA binding rate, serum levels of C3 and C4, presence of immune complexes and number of E rosettes) and the clinical and histological changes detected during treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants was studied. In most cases a correlation was found between clinical and histological activities and the intensity of immunological reactions. Immunological abnormalities usually preceded clinical exacerbations but were rarely seen in patients with stable remission. However, exceptions occurred, which limit the value of these tests as sole therapeutic guide-lines in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7001349 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension. Effects of labetalol on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were studied in 17 adult patients with essential hypertension. Following a total dose of 1 g labetalol administered over a 48-hour period, there was a rapid and significant fall in systolic and diastolic BP averaging 16,5 +/- 7,9%/14,8 +/- 7,5% respectively supine, 18,7 +/- 8,3%/17,8 +/- 7,2% standing and 23,9 +/- 7,1%/16,8 +/- 10,3% after moderate exercise; 24 hours after labetalol was discontinued, the BP had gone up but was still below pretreatment values. Bradycardia remained slight throughout. During treatment a significant decrease in PRA (mean : 45%) was observed in all patients and found to correlate in standing position with changes in standing and post-exercise mean arterial pressure. There was no significant changes in plasma aldosterone. Side-effects were mild and limited to tingling of the scalp in 5 patients. No clinical symptoms of postural hypotension were recorded. PMID- 7001350 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with captopril]. PMID- 7001351 TI - [A new procedure for skin suture : Opsiture]. PMID- 7001353 TI - [General or specialized surgery? A duality no longer valid?]. PMID- 7001352 TI - [Scleroderma complicated by arterial hypertension and renal insufficiency. Favorable effects of captopril]. PMID- 7001354 TI - The transcription termination site at the end of the early region of bacteriophage T7 DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence through the transcription termination site for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the end of the early region of T7 DNA has been determined. RNA chains terminate at adjacent residues in the DNA sequence: about 2/3 of the chains end in C and 1/3 in G. A potential stem and loop structure, containing a stem of eight uninterrupted base pairs and a four-base loop, is centered 17-18 bases ahead of the chain termini. Transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase terminates efficiently at this site in vivo and in vitro, but transcription by T7 RNA polymerase is essentially unaffected. There are no primary cleavage sites for RNase III near the transcription termination site. The site of termination lies within HpaI fragment Q of T7 DNA, whose entire 446 nucleotide long sequence was determined. Cleavage sites for other restriction endonucleases are located conveniently for manipulating the DNA sequence around the termination site. The coding sequence for the last 82 amino acids of the T7 DNA ligase protein was identified, as was the beginning of a coding sequence for a possible late T7 protein from beyond the termination site. PMID- 7001355 TI - Yeast tRNAPhe conformation wheels: a novel probe of the monoclinic and orthorhombic models. AB - A series of conformation wheels is constructed from the recently refined X-ray crystallographic data of monoclinic and orthorhombic yeast tRNAPhe. These circular plots relate the primary chemical structure (i.e., base sequence) directly to the secondary and tertiary structure of the molecule. The circular sequence of backbone torsion angles displays a unique pattern that is useful both in distinguishing the ordered and disordered regions of the molecule and in comparing the three sets of experimental data. Composite conformation wheels describe the fluctuations in the "fixed" parameters (phi', phi, chi) and independent conformation wheels reveal the changes in the "variable" parameters (omega', omega, psi, psi') of the three different yeast tRNAPhe models. Additional plots of base-stacking parameters help to visualize the intimate interrelationship between chemical sequence and three-dimensional folding of yeast tRNAPhe. The composite data illustrate several conformational schemes that position the bases of adjacent nucleosides in a parallel stacked array and reveal an even larger number of conformations that introduce bends or turns in the polynucleotide chain. PMID- 7001356 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA sequences coding for the major alpha- and beta-globin polypeptides of adult Xenopus laevis. AB - This report describes the synthesis and cloning of almost complete DNA copies of the mRNAs encoding the major alpha-globin and major beta-globin of X. laevis. Double-stranded globin cDNA was inserted into the PstI site of the plasmid pBR322 and two cloned recombinants (designated pXG6C1 and pXG8D2) were selected. These were shown to contain almost complete copies of X. laevis globin mRNA. Restriction enzyme maps were determined for each cDNA sequence using the established method of partial digestion of end labelled DNA. However, this procedure was modified such that isolation of individual DNA fragments was no longer required. Each plasmid was shown, by both hybrid arrested translation and filter selection of complementary RNA, to contain a sequence coding for one or other of the two major globin polypeptides. Sufficient DNA sequence information has been determined from each cDNA clone to demonstrate that pXG8D2 contains a beta-globin sequence and pXG6C1 contains an alpha-globin sequence. PMID- 7001357 TI - The nucleotide sequence of glycine tRNA from Mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri. AB - Using in vitro labelling techniques, a tRNAGly from M. mycoides sp. capri PG3 has been shown to have the sequence : pGCAGGUGs4UAGUUUAAUGGCAGAACUUC AGCCUUCCm6AAGCUGAUUGUGAGGGU psi CGAUUCCCUUCACCUGCUCCAOH. The anticodon is UCC and no other tRNAGly has been detected in the crude tRNA isolated from this organism. As is the case with some mitochondrial tRNAs, where the genome size of the organelle is small, it is possible that this tRNA is used to read all four glycine codons GGN. PMID- 7001358 TI - Binding of meso-tetra (4-N-methylpyridyl) porphine to DNA. AB - The porphyrin photosensitizer, meso-Tetra (4-N-methyl-pyridyl) porphine tetraperchlorate is shown to unwind supercoiled ColEI DNA at a somewhat lower concentration than ethidium bromide. In contrast to this, the Fe(III) chelate of T4MPyP cannot unwind supercoiled DNA. It is concluded that these results corroborate our previous findings that, despite its large bulk, T4MPyP is fully capable of intercalating in DNA. PMID- 7001360 TI - Protein-chemical evidence for the signal sequence of the pro-ompA protein. PMID- 7001359 TI - Yeast viral RNA polymerase is a transcriptase. AB - ScV-L is a simple double-stranded RNA virus of yeast, consisting of a 4.8 kilobase pair double-stranded RNA (L) encapsidated in isometric particles composed mainly of one polypeptide (ScV-Pl) of 88,000 daltons. L encodes ScV-Pl. There is a capsid-associated RNA polymerase that synthesizes in vitro predominantly single-stranded RNA. We show that this polymerase activity is a transcriptase, at the least one product of which is the mRNA for ScV-Pl. The transcript, like its template, is uncapped. PMID- 7001362 TI - Site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography of the lac repressor. AB - To test the feasibility of site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography, E. coli lac repressor was bound to an operator-containing DNA column, and in parallel to a non-operator DNA column. Salt gradient elution shows: 1) elution from non operator DNA was near 250mM KCl or NaCl; interpretation of this result suggests the usefulness of the procedure for studying salt-dependence of DNA-protein affinities; 2) elution from operator-containing DNA was delayed (average elution = 1000mM salt), demonstrating a feasibility of site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography, if one provides a sufficiently favorable ratio of specific to non specific DNA binding sites; 3) repressor eluted from operator-containing DNA over a very broad salt range, which may represent chromatography-generated repressor heterogeneity. PMID- 7001361 TI - The role of bacteriophage T7 gene 2 protein in DNA replication. AB - The in vivo function of the gene 2 protein of bacteriophage T7 has been examined. The gene 2 protein appears to modulate the activity of the gene 3 endonuclease in order to prevent the premature degradation of any newly-formed DNA concatemers. This modulation is not however a direct interacton between the two proteins. In single-burst experiments rifamycin can substitute for the gene 2 protein, allowing formation of fast-sedimenting replicative DNA intermediates and progeny phage production. This suggests that the sole function of the gene 2 protein is inhibition of the host RNA polymerase and that the latter enzyme directs or promotes the endonucleolytic action of the gene 3 protein. PMID- 7001363 TI - Affinity labeling of eukaryotic elongation factors using N epsilon-bromoacetyl Lys-tRNA. AB - eEF-T and eEF-Tu from rabbit reticulocyte and from Artemia were affinity labeled using N epsilon-bromoacetyl-Lys-tRNA prepared with either yeast or E. coli tRNA. Only the eEF-Tu polypeptide was crosslinked when eEF-T was incubated with the reactive aminoacyl-tRNA analogue, which indicates that at least part of the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site is the same in both eEF-Tu and the multisubunit eEF T. Complex formation (eEF-Tu x aa-tRNA x GTP) was required for crosslinking, since no covalent reaction with eEF-Tu occurred in the absence of GTP. The yield of crosslinked product was greatly reduced by adding either unmodified rabbit liver aminoacyl-tRNA or unmodified E. coli Lys-tRNA to the incubation to compete for the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site on eEF-T or eEF-Tu, indicating that the covalent reaction occurs while the N epsilon-bromoacetyl-Lys-tRNA is bound in this site. The affinity labeling of a prokaryotic and two different eukaryotic elongation factors by the same reagent suggests that there may be conservation of structure in the region of the proteins which binds the aminoacyl end of the aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 7001364 TI - In vitro transcription of chromatin containing histones hyperacetylated in vivo. AB - The culture of cells in the presence of sodium n-butyrate causes an accumulation of histones that are highly acetylated. When chromatin containing these histones was transcribed with E. coli RNA polymerase, an increase in the template activity compared to control chromatin was observed. Titration of chromatin with polymerase under both reinitiating and non-reinitiating conditions showed there was no increase in the number of regions available for transcription. Comparison of the kinetics for single and multiple rounds of transcription indicated that the rate of elongation was increased and probably the rate of reinitiation as well. Comparison of the size of transcripts from control and acetylated chromatin showed a small increase in the average size of transcripts from acetylated chromatin. When transcription was compared using partially purified HeLa polymerase, an increase was also seen. Studies under various ionic conditions showed that control chromatin required a higher salt concentration for optimum activity than did acetylated chromatin. In addition, at the optimum salt concentration for each chromatin, there was very little difference in the transcriptional activity using exogenous HeLa RNA polymerase. PMID- 7001365 TI - Expression of large plasmids in the endosymbiotic form of Rhizobium leguminosarum. AB - Isolated plasmid DNA from Rhizobium leguminosarum was hybridised with cellular RNA from broth-cultured bacteria and endosymbiotic bacteroids. From these hybridisation, experiments it is concluded that plasmid genes are strongly expressed in bacteroids and only weakly or not at all in bacteria. From the hybridisation of plasmid DNA with the cloned structural nif genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae it is shown that at least part of the nif genes are located on a plasmid. PMID- 7001366 TI - On the promoter complex formation rate of E. coli RNA polymerases with T7 phage DNA. AB - Influence of ionic strength on the kinetics of the promoter complex formation between E. coli RNA polymerase and T7 phage DNA was investigated using a membrane filter assay. The enzyme-promoter association rate constant was determined. It varies from 10(9) to 3 x 10(7) M-1 sec-1 when the ionic strength is changed from zero to 0.15 M NaCl. Basing on the theoretical analysis of experimental data obtained the model for the promoter site selection assuming the enzyme sliding along the DNA is discussed. PMID- 7001372 TI - [Early stomach cancer]. PMID- 7001367 TI - Antibodies against the subunits of E. coli RNA polymerase as probes for subunit specific binding of DNA and other ligands. AB - Antibodies against the isolated subunits alpha, beta, and beta' of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from E. coli have been prepared. They have been used to compare the extent of antibody-binding, as measured by complement fixation, to the isolated subunits and to the intact enzyme, in the absence and presence of ligands, such as inhibitors, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligo- and poly nucleotides, and DNA of different composition. In many cases the results show a subunit-specific dependence of complement fixation upon the presence of a ligand and suggest a functional topography of the interaction between the subunits alpha, beta, and beta' of RNA polymerase and defined nucleotide sequences and small ligands. PMID- 7001368 TI - DNA sequence of the E. coli trpR gene and prediction of the amino acid sequence of Trp repressor. AB - A DNA sequence of 1041 base pairs from a BamHI fragment containing the E. coli trpR gene has been determined. With this sequence and other experimental evidence, the primary structure (88 amino acids) of the Trp repressor can be predicted. Additional features of the DNA sequences include a 22 base pair region upstream from the proposed structural gene which exhibits striking homology with the trp operator, thus implying that expression of the trpR gene may be under autogenous regulation. PMID- 7001371 TI - Carbon-13 NMR studies on [4-13C] uracil labelled E. coli transfer RNA1(Val1). AB - In this paper we describe carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance results on 13C enriched purified transfer RNAI(VAL) from from E. coli SO-187, a uracil requiring auxotroph. The organism was grown on uracil 90% 13C-enriched at the carbonyl C4 position. Transfer RNAI(Val) was purified from bulk tRNA by sequential chromatography on columns of BD cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and reverse gradient sepharose 4B. Dihydrouridine, 4-thiouridine, and uridine 5-oxyacetic acid located at discrete positions in the polymer backbone were tentatively assigned in the highly resolved 25 MHz 13C-spectra. Chemical shift versus temperature plots reveal differential thermal perturbation of the ordered solution structure, evident in the large dispersion (ca 3-4 ppm) of the uridine C4 resonances. Over the range 26-68 degrees C, V in the anticodon displays the largest downfield shift. Whereas several uridine residues rapidly shift downfield between 50-68 degrees, one moves upfield beginning at 37 degrees. The results are qualitatively compared with proton NMR analysis of the three dimensional structure. PMID- 7001370 TI - Azidopolynucleotides as photoaffinity reagents. AB - Polynucleotides containing adenosine and 8-azidoadenosine or inosine and 8 azidoinosine residues have been prepared from mixtures of nucleoside diphosphates using polynucleotide phosphorylase from Escherichia coli. These copolymers can form complexes with polyuridylic or polycytidylic acids respectively. Single stranded poly(adenylic, 8-azidoadenylic acid) [poly(A,z8A)] has been used as a photoaffinity reagent to explore the subunit topography of RNA polymerase from E. coli. PMID- 7001373 TI - [Development of the Radium Institute in Warsaw during the years 1932-1939]. PMID- 7001369 TI - Construction and characterization of a cDNA clone containing a portion of the bovine prolactin sequence. AB - Poly(A)-containing RNA from the bovine anterior pituitary has been used as a template for the enzymatic synthesis of double-stranded cDNA. The resulting double-stranded cDNA was inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322 with the oligo(dG)-oligo(dC) tailing technique and subsequently cloned in E. coli chi 1776. Clones containing sequences complementary to prolactin mRNA were identified by colony hybridization with partially purified prolactin cDNA. A 250 base pair sequence from one prolactin positive clone was extensively characterized and shown to contain the coding information for amino acids 119-192 of authentic bovine prolactin. The recombinant DNA from this clone was covalently attached to diazotized aminocellulose and used to purify prolactin mRNA from a mixture of mRNAs. PMID- 7001374 TI - Clinical practice as a function of nursing education: an historical analysis. PMID- 7001376 TI - Learning through incidents. PMID- 7001375 TI - Nursing beyond the crossroads. PMID- 7001377 TI - The Roses of No Man's Land. PMID- 7001378 TI - Treponemal disease. PMID- 7001379 TI - Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, 1860 - 1980. Interview by Alison Dunn.. PMID- 7001380 TI - Notes on Nursing, 1860-1980. Angels of plain speech. PMID- 7001382 TI - Nursing in Imperial Russia. Nurses under siege. PMID- 7001381 TI - Towards a better life: a look at the work of the National Federation of Kidney Patients' Associations. PMID- 7001383 TI - The VADs nursing in no man's land. PMID- 7001384 TI - Orthopaedics. 3. Getting it straight. PMID- 7001385 TI - Diabetes mellitus. Through the ages. PMID- 7001386 TI - [Treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 7001387 TI - [70 years of tuberculosis control in Rudka]. PMID- 7001388 TI - [Preventive use of INH in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Part I. Objectives, methods, material, patient acceptance and the tolerance of the treatment]. PMID- 7001389 TI - [Preventive use of INH in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Part II. Results of treatment. Discussion]. PMID- 7001390 TI - [Case of an allergic form of pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7001391 TI - The clinical effectiveness of a colored pit and fissure sealant at 24 months. PMID- 7001392 TI - The effectiveness of a chemically polymerized sealant: four-year results. PMID- 7001393 TI - The effect of maxillary palatal expansion on the primary dental arch circumference. PMID- 7001394 TI - [Changes in various immunological parameters in alcoholics in relation to the morphological state of the liver]. PMID- 7001395 TI - [Standardized description of chest radiograms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001396 TI - [75Se -- selenocholesterol -- a new radionuclide for adrenal scintiscanning. Preliminary clinical investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001397 TI - [Treponema pallidum passive hemagglutination test (TPHA) in blood donors]. PMID- 7001398 TI - [Use of liquid cyanoacrylate Chirurcoll-Polfa for fixation of skin grafts]. PMID- 7001399 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of disopyramide]. PMID- 7001403 TI - [Computer-assisted diagnosis]. PMID- 7001401 TI - [Monocomponent insulin treatment of lipodystrophy in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7001400 TI - [Intestinal-insular axis]. PMID- 7001404 TI - [Various data on dental plaque and its role in oral pathology]. PMID- 7001402 TI - [Dialysis encephalopathy in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7001405 TI - [Sefril in the treatment of toxic diarrhea in infants]. PMID- 7001407 TI - [Detection of bronchial cancer in patients treated at the Pulmonological Clinic of the Medical Academy in Cracow during the years 1975-1978]. PMID- 7001406 TI - [Solcoseryl (actihaemyl) - new possibilities of treatment of angina pectoris according to own studies]. PMID- 7001409 TI - [Treatment of circulatory insufficiency in old age]. PMID- 7001410 TI - Franz Buchner a salute to his 85th birthday. PMID- 7001408 TI - [Insulinemia after oral and intravenous glucose administration in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7001411 TI - alpha 1-antitrypsin and its deficiency states. PMID- 7001415 TI - Medicaid not required to fund medically necessary abortions. PMID- 7001414 TI - [Use of an open method in the treatment of post-traumatic skin defects with free grafts of medium thickness]. PMID- 7001412 TI - Early pathologic features of hereditary nephritis: a clinicopathologic correlation. AB - The histologic, immunofluoresence and electron microscopic features of renal biopsies from twelve patients having hereditary nephritis were examined and correlated with the clinical data. In ten patients with normal renal function, light microscopy showed similar but nonspecific glomerular abnormalities consisting of mild focal and segmental hypercellularity and thickening of capillary walls. Biopsies from two patients with azotemia had diffuse lesions of the glomeruli and associated interstitial fibrosis. There were no characteristic findings on immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed alterations in thickness and density of the glomerular capillary basal lamina in all patients. However, lamellation of the basement membrane and the presence of electron dense granules were present only in the two patients with renal functional impairment. These findings support the view that hereditary nephritis is a form of glomerular disease in which ultrastructural changes in the basal lamina of glomerula capillaries are the earliest and most consistent lesions. However, the morphologic spectrum of these ultrastructural abnormalities is broader than previously recognized. PMID- 7001416 TI - [Some aspects of the metabolic interrelationship between plasma lipoproteins and cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001413 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of glycogenosome formation in ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells. AB - Appreciable numbers of glycogenosomes were found in ascites hepatoma cells. They were lined by a single or sometimes double membranous structure exhibiting weakly positive acid phosphatase activity. Some were closely related to the Golgi apparatus, and a few showed wrapping of glycogen particles. The glycogen extracted from ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells was of two major types: a normal adult liver type, and a muscle type. Only the latter type gave the Cotton effect on measurement of the ORD and CD spectra. Small particulate, muscle type glycogen was observed in the glycogenosomes. Autophagy of normal adult liver type glycogen was never found. The engulfment of muscle type glycogen was accompanied by high acid and neutral alpha-glucosidase activity levels. PMID- 7001417 TI - [Homologous calcium binding proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001418 TI - [Acetylcholine receptor in skeletal muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001419 TI - Osteopathic medicine--origins and outlook. PMID- 7001420 TI - Listerial meningitis and renal allografts: a life-threatening affinity. AB - Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplantation are described. In the first, the infection, which occurred soon after transplantation and was accompanied by signs of mild chronic rejection, was the immediate cause of death. The other case occurred in a patient whose transplanted kidney had been functioning well for more than four years; this patient recovered. These cases, plus a review of 40 similar cases in the literature, point out the importance of anticipating possible listerial infection when septic meningitis arises in a patient with a transplanted kidney. PMID- 7001421 TI - Successful renal transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria. AB - A successful live related renal transplant in a 29-year-old male patient with Type 1 primary hyperoxaluria, who remains well 32 months postoperatively, is described. The plasma oxalate and exchangeable oxalate pool before transplantation were 160 mumol/1 and 4429 mumol respectively. Since the transplant these have been greatly reduced although they remain elevated above the normal by a factor of 2. Pyridoxine therapy and the avoidance of oxalate-rich foods have been effective in maintaining these reduced levels and the 24-hr urinary oxalate excretion has also been maintained close to normal levels on this regime. After review of the previously reported transplants in patients with well documented primary hyperoxaluria and from the experience with this patient, the following guidelines for successful renal transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria are suggested: transplants should only be carried out in those who have shown a response to adequate pyrodoxine therapy; frequent haemodialysis pre operatively and during periods of oliguria postoperatively is necessary; oxalate rich foods should be avoided and a high fluid intake should be maintained after transplantation. If these guidelines are followed there is no contra-indicatin to live related renal transplants in primary hyperoxaluric patients. PMID- 7001424 TI - The Round Table Club, Edinburgh. PMID- 7001422 TI - Plasma catecholamines, renin and aldosterone during combined alpha- and beta- adrenoceptor blockade in patients with severe arterial hypertension. AB - Arterial blood pressure and plasma catecholamines, renin activity and aldosterone concentration in 12 patients with severe essential hypertension were studied before and after combined alpha- and beta- adrenoceptor blockade induced by oral labetalol treatment for 2 months. Frusemide in a fixed dose was employed as a basic antihypertensive agent throughout the study. Blood pressure was adequately controlled in only 6 patients. Mean body weight increased by 1.8 kg and there was a rise in body weight which was inversely correlated with the fall in standing mean blood pressure. The mean plasma noradrenaline concentration decreased from 0.30 to 0.20 ng/ml, whereas plasma adrenaline did not change significantly. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration varied greatly, but the mean values did not change significantly. Change in body weight was correlated inversely with changes in plasma noradrenaline and renin. The results suggest that labetalol, through its combined alpha- and beta- adrenoceptor blocking action, induces a rise in body weight, probably due to sodium and fluid retention, which partly counterbalances its anti-hypertensive effect and partly modifies both renin and sympathetic nervous activity. PMID- 7001423 TI - Labetalol and alprenolol. A comparative investigation of antihypertensive effect. PMID- 7001425 TI - Mothers who smoke and their children. Report of Committee appointed by Action on Smoking and Health. PMID- 7001426 TI - The Dispensary and the Infirmary, Cardiff. PMID- 7001427 TI - Salmonella infection: simultaneous diarrhoea and arthritis in two brothers. PMID- 7001428 TI - Dydrogesterone in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 7001429 TI - Sir Aldo Castellani--an international man. PMID- 7001430 TI - [Small airways disease]. PMID- 7001432 TI - [A decade of lung surgery. Operative therapy in patients from 1958 to 1967]. PMID- 7001431 TI - [Functional morphological study on respiratory insufficiency in shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001433 TI - [Isolation and characterization of intracellular lipase from Serratia marcescens 345]. AB - Lipase was extracted from cells of Serratia marcescens 345 treated with 0.8% Na cholate for 30 min at 37 degrees C. The mixture was then centrifuged and lipase was isolated from the supernatant. The preparation was purified by ammonium sulfate protein precipitation and subsequent dialysis, ultrafiltration of the protein solution through the membrane filter UAM-200 and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. The effect of metal ions, inhibitors and bile salts as well as temperature and pH on the resultant lipase activity was studied. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined. The temperature optimum for the lipase activity was 45 degrees C and pH optimum 6.0--6.3. The enzyme was activated only by Mg2+ at a concentration of 1.10(-4)M in the reaction mixture. Lipase was inhibited by Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and particularly Cu2+ and Hg2+. Out of the inhibitors tested the strongest were EDTA, o-phenanthrolin and alpha,alpha dipyridil. Lipolysis was activated by bile salts at a concentration over 0.5%. Intracellular lipase from S. marcescens 345 was able to hydrolyze glycerol esters containing both unsaturated fatty acids (vegetable oils) and saturated fatty acids with a short and a long carbon chain. PMID- 7001434 TI - [Effect of storage of the thermotolerant actinomycete Thermoactinomyces vulgaris on its enzymic activity]. AB - Various methods of storage (as soil cultures, in peptonecorn agar, and in the freeze-dried state) of the thermotolerant actinomycete Thermoactinomyces vulgaris RA II-4a, protease producer, were studied. The best method providing a high level of proteolytic activity was shown to be freeze-drying and subsequent selection of the most active variants. The optimal temperature for the storage of the freeze dried culture was 4 degrees C. During a prolonged (12 months) storage of the actinomycete under the above conditions its proteolytic activity grew by 84.6%. PMID- 7001435 TI - [Conditions of the synthesis of lysine decarboxylase by Escherichia coli MRE 600]. AB - The effect of aeration, pH of the cultivation medium, temperature and time of cultivation of Escherichia coli MRE600 on the synthesis of cellular lysine decarboxylase (LDC) was studied. It was demonstrated that LDC reached maximum activity in the 5-hour bacterial culture cultivated in the nutrient medium with pH 6.0 at 29--30 degrees C. Aeration increased the yield by about 3 times and decreased LDC activity by 5.5 times. PMID- 7001436 TI - [Some properties of bacteriocins from Erwinia]. AB - The following properties of eight bacteriocins produced by Erwinia strains were investigated: thermal stability, sensitivity to proteolytc enzymes and enzymes involved in nucleic acid catabolism, dialyzability through a cellophane membrane. Their molecular weight was also measured. The bacteriocins proved to be protein substances with a molecular weight of 17,000--33,000 that differed in their thermal stability and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7001437 TI - [Preparation and charaterization of aminopolysterol immobilized invertase]. AB - Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized on aminopolysterol by adsorption, glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide or bromacetyl methods. The dependence of activity of invertase immobilized by the carbodiimide method upon pH, temperature and sucrose concentration was studied. The "effective" Michaelis constant of the immobilized preparation was 6 times higher than that of soluble inverase. At high sucrose concentrations (beginning with 0.2 M for immobilized and 0.9 M for soluble invertase) substrate inhibition was observed. The data on stability of immobilized invertase during refrigerated storage and in a working flow column were obtained. PMID- 7001438 TI - [Sorption properties of carboxyl cation exchangers with a bacteriostatic effect]. AB - Sorption properties of new carboxyl cation exchangers containing components of salicylic acid (CST and CMTS) and benzoic acid (CBT and CMTB) were examined with respect to large organic ions. Such cation exchangers were shown to have greater permeability for high molecular weight proteins that sorbents of the Biocarb type. Bacteriostatic properties of the above cation exchangers were studied. With an increase in the content of the bactericidal component the bacteriostatic effect of the cation exchangers on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus enhanced. The cation exchangers CST and CMTS showed a greater bacteriostatic effect than those CBT and CMTB. PMID- 7001440 TI - [Myocardial extraction of nonesterified fatty acids and ketone bodies and their relationship normally and in experimental diabetes mellitus]. AB - It was established in experiments on 20 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 14 control animals that the relationships between glucose-insulin and non-esterified fatty acids-ketone bodies (NEKB) change in the course of diabetes mellitus development. The study of myocardial extraction of NEKB and ketone bodies has shown an increase in their consumption by the myocardium in diabetes mellitus. Intensification of myocardial extraction of ketone bodies was stipulated by elevation of their concentration in the arterial blood and by activation of appropriate enzymes participating in their metabolism. An enhancement of NEKB myocardial consumption seems likely to be due to activation of the appropriate enzymes promoting their utilization. PMID- 7001442 TI - The Medical Center. PMID- 7001439 TI - [Free, total and antibody-bound insulin content in newly detected diabetes mellitus patients]. AB - Free, total and antibody-bound insulin blood content was studied before and after intravenous secretin injections in patients with first diagnosed diabetes mellitus and in healthy persons. The content of total and antibody-bound insulin was higher and that of active free insulin comparatively lower in diabetic patients. The secretin test revealed normal beta-cell reserves for the total insulin synthesis and reduced ones for free insulin formation. The treatment with protamine-zinc-insulin provoked spontaneous and stimulated secretion of total and free insulin. The antibody-bound insulin level remained unchanged. PMID- 7001441 TI - [Tissue insulin sensitivity and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7001443 TI - Nathan Smith Davis: observer, motivator, and doer. PMID- 7001445 TI - Regulatory region of the gene for the ompA protein, a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The ompA protein, an outer membrane protein required for conjugation, is one of the most abundant proteins in Escherichia coli. The structural gene for the ompA protein cloned in a plasmid vector, pMF21, conferred sensitivity to ompA protein specific phages. We have determined the DNA sequence of a fragment of 533 base pairs encompassing the regulatory region of the ompA gene: the promoter region, the 5'-untranslated region, and the region corresponding to the signal peptide for this secretory protein. The promoter region has a sequence that is remarkably homologous with the lac and gal promoters. Particularly, both the ompA and gal promoters have the same octanucleotide sequence, T-C-A-C-A-C-T-T, in their RNA polymerase recognition site, which has been shown to be involved in the binding of cyclic AMP receptor protein to the gal promoter. Analogous with the observations in the gal operon, a specific RNA transcript was produced only when glycerol, a DNA-destabilizing agent, was added to a cell-free system directed by a DNA fragment of the ompA gene. These data indicate that the ompA mRNA has an untranslated region at the 5' end of about 140 nucleotides. In this region there are two additional initiation codons (II and III) besides the initiation codon (I) for the pro-ompA protein. AUG-III is located 30 bases upstream from AUG-I and accompanies a ribosome-binding site. Therefore, AUG-III is likely to begin the synthesis of a pentapeptide. The termination codon for the peptide overlaps with AUG-II, so that the ribosomes could reinitiate from AUG-II without being released from the mRNA. This reinitiation leads to the synthesis of a heptapeptide. The termination codon for this peptide also overlaps with AUG-I, which initiates the production of the pro-ompA protein. Because AUG-I also has an adjacent ribosome binding site, the tandem repeat of initiation codons and ribosome-binding sites may be an important mechanism for facilitating the rate of initiation of translation. Extensive secondary structures exist in the 5' end as well as in the coding region of the ompA mRNA, which may also play a role in the function of the mRNA. PMID- 7001444 TI - Comparison of the iron proteins from the nitrogen fixation complexes of Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The molecular weights, amino acid compositions, amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences, and ion-exchange peptide maps of the cysteine-containing tryptic peptides were determined for the iron proteins from the nitrogen fixation complexes of Azotobacter vinelandii (Av2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp2). Our results are compared to the known amino acid sequence of the iron protein from Clostridium pasteurianum (Cp2) [Tanaka, M., Haniu, M., Yasunobu, K. & Mortenson, L. E. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7093-7100]. Previous studies have shown the iron proteins to have similar enzymatic functions and spectroscopic properties. Furthermore, the DNAs coding for the iron protein from many different species cross-hybridize [Ruvkun, G. B. & Ausubel, F. M. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 191-195]. Our results indicate that the protein structures are similar yet have significant differences. The amino-terminal sequences of Av2 and Kp2 are extended compared to the amino-terminal methionine of Cp2 and may indicate a different initiation site in these proteins. The aminoterminal sequences for Av2 and Kp2 are more homologous with each other than either of these are with Cp2. The carboxyl-terminal sequences are extended in Av2(14 residues) and Kp2 ( approximately 30 residues) compared to Cp2. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences establish that either the structural gene sizes are different in the three organisms or extensive posttranslational modification must occur in some species. Because cysteinyl residues are involved at the active site of the iron protein, a sensitive peptide mapping technique was used to compare cysteinyl peptides of the iron protein from the three species. Av2 and Kp2 have a redistribution of cysteinyl residues when compared to Cp2. Three important differences in the cysteine distributions were found, namely, residue 4 is valine and residue 148 is alanine in Cp2, but cysteinyl residues occupy these positions in Av2, whereas residue 231 is cysteine in Cp2 but alanine in Av2. The peptide mapping technique provides a method for the investigation of selective chemical modification of cysteinyl residues. PMID- 7001446 TI - An antiserum to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. AB - A rabbit immunized with a highly purified preparation of rat liver [3H]triamcinolone-receptor complex developed antibodies to the receptor. Although precipitating reactions were not detected, complexes formed between IgG and the receptor could be detected by Staphylococcus aureus protein A-Sepharose and gel permeation chromatography. IgG was purified and covalently immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B; this affinity matrix adsorbed the ligand-free receptor and both activated and nonactivated forms of the [3H]triamcinolone-receptor complex. Rat liver cytosol proteins adsorbed by control and immune immunoglobulin-Sepharoses were eluted with 0.1 M acetic acid and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein with molecular weight 78,000 was the major species eluted from immune immunglobulin-Sepharose, and it was not present in eluates from control columns. Rat transcortin, glucocorticoid binder IB, and an estrogen-binding protein from rat liver were not adsorbed by immune IgG-Sepharose. Mouse and hamster liver glucocorticoid receptors showed only limited adsorption. Thus, the antiserum does not crossreact with other major glucocorticoid-binding proteins and demonstrates species specificity. PMID- 7001447 TI - Isolation and sequence of the gene for actin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to contain the highly conserved and unbiquitous protein actin. We have used cloned actin sequences from Dictyostelium discoideum to identify and clone the actin gene in yeast. Hybridization to genomic fragments of yeast DNA suggest that there is a single actin gene in yeast. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of that gene and its flanking regions. The sequence of the gene reveals an intervening sequence of 309 base pairs in the coding sequences at the 5' end of the gene. The existence and location of the intervening sequence was verified by using the dideoxy chain termination technique to determine the sequence at the 5' terminus of the actin mRNA. The similarity of the splice junction sequences in this gene to those found in higher eukaryotes suggests that yeast must possess a similar splicing enzyme. PMID- 7001448 TI - Elongation factor Tu isolated from Escherichia coli mutants altered in TufA and tufB. AB - In a previous paper we described a number of Escherichia coli mutants resistant to the antibiotic kirromycin. These mutants are altered in both tufA and tufB, the genes coding for elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). We have now isolated EF-Tu in a homogeneous form from the mutant strains and have studied its function in polypeptide synthesis. These EF-Tu preparations were examined in renaturation studies of Qbeta RNA replicase, described in another paper. In order to characterize the factor we have inactivated the tufB gene by insertion of bacteriophage Mu or by an amber mutation. This enabled us to isolate EF-Tu as a single gene product derived from tufA (designated EF-TuA in contrast to the tufB product, which is called EF-TuB). Kirromycin-resistant EF-TuA did not respond to addition of the antibiotic in three assays: [(3)H]GDP exchange with EF-Tu-GDP at 0 degrees C, in vitro translation of poly(U), and kirromycin-induced GTPase activity of EF-Tu. In contrast, wild-type EF-TuA responded normally to the antibiotic in these assays. One of our mutants (LBE 2012) harbors the kirromycin resistant EF-TuA and an EF-TuB that is able to bind kirromycin. This binding does not cause inhibition of protein synthesis, indicating that EF-TuB from LBE 2012 is unable to reach the ribosome under these conditions. The two types of EF-Tu from this mutant are equal in size but differ by 0.1 pH unit in isoelectric point. In the soluble fractions of LBE 2012 cells they are present in approximately equal amounts. Our results also show that the tufB gene is not necessary for bacterial growth. PMID- 7001449 TI - Replicator regions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA responsible for suppressiveness. AB - Hypersuppressiveness is a heritable property of some rho- mutants (called HS) that, in crosses to rho+, give rise to about 100% rho- cells. The mtDNAs of all HS rho- mutants reveal a common organization: they all share a homologous region of about 300 base pairs (called rep) and the fragments retained are always short (ca. 1% of the wild-type genome) and tandemly repeated. Using one HS rho- mutant as an example, we show that, after crosses with rho+ strains, the mitochondrial genome of the progeny is indistinguishable from that of the HS parent. This suggests that HS mtDNA molecules have a decisive selective advantage for replication during the transient heteroplasmic stage that follows zygote formation, the rep regions playing a role in the control of replication initiation of the mtDNA molecules. The complete nucleotide sequence of one HS rho mutant and its localization in the oli1-rib3 segment of the rho+ mitochondrial genome are presented. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the rep regions of two different HS rho- mutants reveals that several rep sequences must exist in the wild-type genome, probably as a result of duplications of an originally unique ancestor. PMID- 7001451 TI - Bacteria mature preproinsulin to proinsulin. AB - By inserting the rat preproinsulin gene into the bacterial prepenicillinase gene, we formed a variety of hybrid bacterial-eukaryotic signal sequences attached to proinsulin. Among these were the four following constructions: rat proinsulin attached to the entire penicillinase signal sequence and rat preproinsulin fused to all of, to half of, or only to the first four amino acids of the bacterial signal sequence. In all four cases, more than 90% of the rat insulin antigen appeared in the periplasmic space. By immunoprecipitation and determination of the amino acid sequences of the radiolabeled products, we show that the bacteria correctly process both the bacterial and the eukaryotic signal sequences of these hybrid proteins. The cleavage of the eukaryotic signal by bacterial peptidase, in this case, generates proinsulin. PMID- 7001450 TI - Active efflux of tetracycline encoded by four genetically different tetracycline resistance determinants in Escherichia coli. AB - Tetracycline resistance encoded by four genetically different determinants residing on plasmids in Escherichia coli was shown to be associated in each case with an energy-dependent decrease in accumulation of the antibiotic in whole cells in which resistance had been induced. The different class determinants examined were those on plasmids RP1 (class A), R222 (class B), R144 (class C), and RA1 (class D). This decrease in accumulation was attributable to an active efflux, because everted (inside-out) membrane vesicles made from tetracycline induced E. coli cells containing any one of the four plasmids were shown to concentrate tetracycline by an active influx. This active uptake was not seen in inside-out vesicles from sensitive cells or uninduced R222-containing cells. In vesicles from induced R222-containing cells, the efflux appeared to be carrier mediated with a Km of about 6 microM. These results demonstrate that active export of tetracycline is a common component of the mechanism for tetracycline resistance encoded by different plasmid-borne determinants in bacteria. PMID- 7001452 TI - Copy-number mutants of the plasmid carrying the replication origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome: evidence for a control region of replication. AB - A composite plasmid (pXX11) was constructed by joining of an oriC plasmid (pMCR115) carrying the replication origin (oriC) of the Escherichia coli chromosome and a mini-F plasmid (pSC138) carrying the ampicillin-resistance gene (bla). Plasmid pXX11 can replicate, by using oriC, in Hfr cells and mafA mutant cells that cannot support replication of an F plasmid. This plasmid is stably maintained in these host cells during cell growth even under nonselective conditions by use of the partition mechanism of the mini-F genome. In contrast to other oriC plasmids reported previously, pXX11 has no detectable effect on host cell growth. Higher copy-number (Cop-) mutants of pXX11 were isolated, and some of them were found to carry an insertion or deletion within a region derived from the E. coli chromosome. This region, designated cop (copy number), covers about 0.7 kilobase pair and is located approximately 3 kilobase pairs away from the oriC region at the side opposite the asn gene. Evidence suggests that the normal cop region locted on the oriC plasmid acts to reduce the copy number of the plasmid. Plasmid pXX11 complements the uncB402 mutation located on the host chromosome, but some of the Cop- plasmids do not, suggesting that the cop region is vey closely linked to uncB. PMID- 7001453 TI - Ribosomal protein L7/L12 is required for optimal translation. AB - We have tested the performance in vitro of Escherichia coli ribosomes containing or lacking the protein L7/L12. When the experiments are performed in an optimized mixture of ions (polymix), L7/L12 is required for maximal rate of synthesis as well as for minimal missense error frequency. The results in conventional Tris/Mg2+/NH4Cl buffers are different; in these buffers, only the rate of synthesis is strongly dependent on the presence of L7/L12. In addition, we show that there is a large difference between the optimal Mg2+ concentration required for speed of translation and that for accuracy of translation in conventional buffer. These optima are very close in polymix. Finally, we show that the contribution of L7/L12 to the speed of translation is obscured in translation systems that are limited by substrates. We conclude that it is not possible to analyze details of the mechanism of translation in conventional buffers. PMID- 7001454 TI - Receptor-mediated endocytosis of antibody-opsonized liposomes by tumor cells. AB - Specific receptor-mediated delivery of the contents of small, sonicated liposomes was studied with three murine tumor cell types: an IgG Fc receptor-negative nonphagocytic line (EL4); an Fc receptor-positive phagocytic line (P388D1); and an Fc receptor-positive nonphagocytic line (P388). The liposomes (formed from phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol, and dinitrophenyl-substituted phosphatidylethanolamine) contained carboxyfluorescein as a fluorescent marker and methotrexate as a pharmacologic agent. Binding and internalization of the liposomes were observed by fluorescence microscopy and measured by flow microfluorometry. The hapten-derivatized lipid was used as a binding point on the liposome for the antibody-combining site of the immunoglobulin. In the presence of IgG anti-dinitrophenyl, but not F(ab')2 or IgA anti-dinitrophenyl, liposomes bound to the Fc receptor-bearing cells. The liposomes underwent endocytosis by the P388D1 cells and, to a lesser extent, by the P388 cells. As measured by depression of [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation, methotrexate in IgG-opsonized liposomes had a much greater pharmacologic effect on the P388D1 cells than did the same amount in unopsonized liposomes or in free solution. This observation indicates that an appropriately chosen drug, incorporated in liposomes, can exert its effect on a cytoplasmic target after endocytosis. P388 cells showed a moderate effect of the drug in liposomes. Neither P388 nor P388D1 cells bound or ingested unopsonized liposomes, and the Fc receptor-negative EL4 line neither bound nor ingested opsonized liposomes. The data demonstrate specific interaction of opsonized liposomes with the cells' IgG Fc receptor. PMID- 7001455 TI - Transcription of tRNA genes in vivo: single-stranded compared to double-stranded templates. AB - The expression of cloned tRNA genes has been studied by injecting single-stranded and double-stranded DNA templates into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. In both forms the genes are faithfully transcribed after injection. Some single-stranded DNA is converted into double-stranded DNA in the oocyte nucleus. This conversion is necessary for the expression of the injected tRNA gene: no tRNA transcription is observed when DNA synthesis is inhibited. We conclude that single-stranded DNA does not serve as a template for faithful transcription of this gene in injected oocytes. PMID- 7001456 TI - Presumptive common precursor for neuronal and glial cell lineages in mouse hypothalamus. AB - The cellular localization of a neuronal and a glial cell specific protein (14-3-2 and S-100, respectively) has been explored in mouse hypothalamus in order to trace cell lineages. This study was performed on fixed slices, at the light microscope level, by using either the indirect peroxidase-labeled immunoglobulin technique or immunofluorescence. In the adult, only S-100 immunoreactivity was found in the ependymal layer. In contrast, the magnocellular neurons of the preoptic area displayed strong 14-3-2 immunoreactivity. At neonatal stages (fetal day 17-postnatal day 3), both 14-3-2 and S-100 immunoreactivities developed simultaneously in the same cells lining the ventral part of the third ventricle. Transient detachment of some of these ventricular cells could be visualized before migration in the hypothalamus where they remained as bipotential cells up to postnatal day 10. Later in the development, they differentiated into separate cells, one type containing 14-3-2 and the other S-100, like neurons and glial cells. These results argue for a developmental stage during which cells lining the ventricle are bipotential and may thus be candidates for the role of stem cells for both neuronal and glial lineages. PMID- 7001457 TI - A specific transcription factor that can bind either the 5S RNA gene or 5S RNA. AB - 5S ribosomal RNA specifically inhibits transcription of cloned repeating units of 5S DNA in a nuclear extract of Xenopus oocytes. The inhibition can be explained by the interaction of 5S RNA with a transcription factor that binds specifically to a control region located within the 5S RNA gene. This transcription factor is identical to an abundant cytoplasmic protein that is known to be complexed with 5S RNA in immature Xenopus oocytes. Thus the presence of large amounts of this protein in these cells can account for both the high rate of synthesis and the subsequent storage of 5S RNA to ribosome synthesis. PMID- 7001458 TI - On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: isolation and characterization of penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1b, and 3. AB - Multiple mutants of Escherichia coli defective in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were constructed, and into these strains Co1E1 plasmids carrying the genes for PBP-1a, -1b, or -3 were introduced. From these plasmid-carrying strains, PBP 1a and -1b were purified by ampicillin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and PBP 3 by cephalexin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Improved purification was achieved by differential elution with NH2OH. Purified PBP-1b synthesized murein when added to the membrane fraction of a PBP-1b-defective mutant, which by itself failed to support murein synthesis in vitro. The PBP-1b preparation was able to synthesize murein from the lipid intermediate extracted with chloroform/methanol but was unable to utilize UDP-linked precursors for murein synthesis. Murein synthesis was inhibited by vancomysin, ristocetin, moenomycin, and enduracidin, but not by beta-lactam antibiotics. The synthesized murein was shown to contain crosslinked muropeptides. Their crosslinking was abolished by action of beta lactam antibiotics. The PBP-1a and -3 preparations showed substantially no activity for murein synthesis in the same reaction system. None of the three PBPs showed D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity with UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide as substrate or endopeptidase activity with bis(disaccharide-peptide) as substrate. PMID- 7001459 TI - In vitro synthesis of repressible yeast acid phosphatase: identification of multiple mRNAs and products. AB - Antibodies to repressible nonspecific acid phosphatase [APase; orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2] purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to detect the in vitro products of APase mRNA. Immunoprecipitation of cell-free synthesized protein and of in vivo enzyme from cell extracts has shown that derepression of enzyme synthesis in situ is the result of de novo appearance of functional mRNA followed by de novo protein synthesis. At least three unique APase polypeptides are synthesized in vitro from separate mRNAs and appear to be glycosylated in vivo to form secreted enzyme. PMID- 7001460 TI - Yeast fatty acid synthetase: structure-function relationship and nature of the beta-ketoacyl synthetase site. AB - Yeast fatty acid synthetase consists of two multifunctional proteins, alpha and beta, which are arranged in a complex of alpha(6)beta(6). Electron microscopic studies of this complex led to a model for the synthetase as an ovate structure consisting of an equatorial plate-like structure to which six arches are equally distributed on either side. The bifunctional reagent 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone inhibits the synthetase by reacting rapidly (t((1/2)) approximately 7 sec) with two juxtapositioned active sulfhydryl groups. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the dibromopropanone-inhibited synthetase shows that the beta subunit is intact and the alpha subunit nearly absent with a concomitant appearance of oligomers with an estimated molecular weight of 0.4-1.2 x 10(6). These results indicate that the alpha subunits are crosslinked by this bifunctional reagent. Because the active centers of dibromopropanone are 5 A apart, it is concluded that the alpha subunits are closely packed so that the reacting thiols of the adjacent alpha subunits are within 5 A of each other. Furthermore, because the plate-like structures in our model are the only components that are arranged closely enough to satisfy this requirement, it is proposed that the alpha subunits are the "plates" and the beta subunits therefore are the "arches." Assay of the partial reactions shows that dibromopropanone inhibits the beta-ketoacyl synthetase reaction but none of the six other partial reactions, indicating that the site of action of the bifunctional reagent is the condensing reaction. This conclusion was supported by the finding that pretreatment of the synthetase with acetyl-CoA or iodoacetamide prevented dibromopropanone from interacting at this site and obviated the formation of the crosslinked oligomer. These observations and other lead us to propose that a site of action of the dibromopropanone is the active cysteine-SH of the beta-ketoacyl synthetase of one alpha subunit and the pantetheine-SH of the acyl carrier protein moiety of an adjacent alpha subunit. Thus, the enzymically active center of the beta-ketoacyl synthetase consists of an acyl group attached to the cysteine-SH of one alpha subunit (plate) and a malonyl group attached to the pantetheine-SH of an adjacent alpha subunit. This arrangement appears to be necessary for the coupling of the acyl and beta-carbon of the malonyl group to occur to yield CO(2) and the beta-ketoacyl product. PMID- 7001461 TI - Primary structure of major outer membrane protein II (ompA protein) of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The amino acid sequence of major outer membrane protein II (ompA protein) from Escherichia coli K-12 has been determined. The transmembrane polypeptide consists of 325 residues, resulting in a molecular weight of 35,159. The transmembrane part of the protein is located between residues 1 and 177. In this part of the protein a predominantly lipophilic 27-residue segment exists that perhaps spans the membrane in a mostly alpha-helical conformation, or a 19-residue stretch of this segment might traverse the membrane linearly. Inside the outer membrane a sequence -Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro- exists that, analogous to the -Cys-Pro Pro-Cys-Pro- sequence in the hinge region of immunoglobulin, could assume the conformation of a polyproline helix. Computer analysis did not reveal a clear overall pattern of internal homology in the protein; besides the -Ala-Pro- repeat, only one local area (two adjacent dodecapeptide segments) shows some repetitiveness. The same analysis did not produce evidence for internal homology in the previously determined sequence of outer membrane protein I (porin) nor was any marked resemblance detected between transmembrane proteins I and II. PMID- 7001462 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase by renin-free nerve growth factor. AB - Renin-free nerve growth factor causes the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (L ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) in superior cervical ganglia from neonatal rats but not in the brain of mature rats. Less pure preparations of nerve growth factor induce the enzyme in both brain and ganglia. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the central nervous system appears to be due to renin, not to nerve growth factor itself. PMID- 7001463 TI - Procoat, the precursor of M13 coat protein, requires an electrochemical potential for membrane insertion. AB - The coat protein of coliphage M13 spans the host cell cytoplasmic membrane prior to its assembly into extruding virus. It is made as a soluble cytoplasmic precursor, termed "procoat," with 23 extra amino acid residues at the NH2 terminus. Procoat binds to the cell membrane and is converted proteolytically to coat protein. When the electrochemical gradient of an infected cell is rapidly dissipated by uncouplers, procoat still binds to the plasma membrane but is not converted to coat. We report here that membrane-bound procoat is only detected at the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane and that uncouplers prevent it from integrating into a transmembrane conformation. PMID- 7001464 TI - Differences in organizational structure of insulin receptor on rat adipocyte and liver plasma membranes: role of disulfide bonds. AB - Binding of 125I-labeled insulin to rat liver and adipocyte plasma membranes has been investigated after treatment of the membranes with agents that modify disulfide bonds or sulfhydryl groups. Dithiothreitol, a disulfide-reducing agent, produced a bimodal response in adipocyte plasma membranes with dose-dependent increases in binding occurring over the range of 0-1 mM dithiothreitol; 5 mM dithiothreitol produced decreased binding. Insulin binding reached its maximal increase at 1 mM and was 3 times control values. Scatchard analysis of the 1 mM dithiothreitol effect revealed a straight line plot indicative of one class of sites with a Ka of 1.0 x 10(8) M-1 which is intermediate between the two Kas obtained from the curvilinear Scatchard plot of control membranes. There was a 20 fold increase in the number of intermediate-affinity receptors compared to high affinity receptors. The increased 125I-labeled insulin binding after dithiothreitol treatment was reversed by oxidized glutathione in a dose-dependent manner. Interposition of treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, an alkylating agent, prevented oxidized glutathione from reversing the dithiothreitol effect. Reduced glutathione produced the same effect as dithiothreitol. Liver plasma membranes treated with up to 1 mM dithiothreitol exhibited a maximum increase in insulin binding of 20% compared to control. Dithiothreitol at 5 mM decreased insulin binding below that of control membranes. The results indicate that the dithiothreitol effect on insulin binding to adipocyte plasma membranes is due to disruption of disulfide bonds, and that the structural organization of the insulin receptor on the plasma membranes is different for liver and for adipose tissue. The data imply that the insulin receptors on the plasma membrane of adipocytes possess at least two functionally distinct subclasses of disulfide bond but liver insulin receptors do not. PMID- 7001465 TI - Neutral protease activation of peritoneal macrophage prostaglandin synthesis. AB - We observed that the treatment of murine macrophages with proteolytic enzymes can activate the synthesis and release of arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites. Murine peritoneal macrophage monolayers prelabeled with [14C]ARA were incubated with neutral proteases. Specific bacterial and mammalian proteases from various sources provoke the synthesis and release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other radiolabeled metabolites. However, cells treated with the neutral proteases thrombin and trypsin did not release significant amounts of PGE2. Neutral protease treatment did not decrease cell viability (> 90%) and boiled protease preparations did not activate prostaglandin synthesis. Protease-activated PGE2 synthesis was inhibited by a variety of protease inhibitors and synthetic substrates for neutral proteases. An inflammatory agent that induces macrophage neutral protease activity, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) stimulated synthesis and release of PGE2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TPA-activated PGE2 synthesis was also blocked by a variety of protease inhibitors. These results suggest that neutral proteases have the capacity to activate ARA metabolism and imply that neutral proteases found in inflammatory reactions may infuence prostaglandin production. PMID- 7001466 TI - Microtubule-associated proteins: a monoclonal antibody to MAP2 binds to differentiated neurons. AB - Hybridomas that secret IgG reacting specifically with the brain microtubule associated protein MAP2 have been prepared with speen cells from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with high molecular weight neurotubule-associated proteins. Immunofluorecence microscopy using dual fluorochrome labeling of tubulin and MAP2 antigens revealed identical patterns of interphase fiber networks in cells from explants of newborn mouse brain. The anti-MAP2 antibody did not stain primary mouse kidney cells or CHO, 3T3, HeLa, or PtK1 cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and antibody gel staining techniques failed to demonstrate any crossreacting antigen in these cells. MAP2 antigen was not seen in association with the mitotic spindle in any of the cells examined. Radioimmunoassay showed species crossreactivity of the anti-MAP2 antibody with mammalian but not avian neural cell extracts. Glial cells and some neuroblastoma cell lines did not appear to contain MAP2. However, in the B104 rat neuroblastoma cell line the MAP2 antigen appeared to be associated with the cytoskeleton concomitant with differentiation induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In disagreement with most previously published reports, our data suggest that MAP2 is found only in differentiated neuronal cells and raises the possibility that MAP2 is involved in neuronal differentiation or neuron specific processes. PMID- 7001467 TI - Association of microtubules and intermediate filaments in chicken gizzard cells as detected by double immunofluorescence. AB - By double indirect immunofluorescence, using guinea pig and rabbit antibodies to tubulin and to desmin, we have simultaneously labeled microtubules and intermediate filaments in cultured chicken embryo gizzard cells. At the resolution of the light microscope there was extensive but not complete superposition of the labeling patterns for the two filamentous structures within cells in interphase and an essentially complete dissociation of the two labeling patterns in cells in mitosis. These results indicate that there is an extensive association of microtubules and intermediate filaments in these interphase muscle cells and suggest that this association is regulated metabolically. PMID- 7001468 TI - Fluorescence immunoassay based on long time correlations of number fluctuations. AB - We report the development of a fluorescence-based immunoassay technique relying on the physical phenomena of random number fluctuations and diffusion, which we review. By determining the autocorrelation of the fluctuations in the fluorescent intensity, this methid is able to measure the amount of labeled antigen or antibody that is bound to micrometer-sized carrier particles in solution. The principal advantage of this technique is its insensitivity to small, fast diffusing sources. It also discriminates against weakly fluorescent contaminants of size comparable to the carrier particles. We demonstrate these attributes by using two model systems: a human IgG assay and an idealized system consisting of polystyrene fluorescent spheres and rhodamine dye. PMID- 7001469 TI - Activation of membrane-bound kallikrein and renin in the kidney. AB - Rat kidney contains membrane-bound renin (EC 3.4.99.19) and kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8). Kallikrein activity was measured by a spectrophotometric assay and renin by radioimmunoassay. Plasma membrane-bound kallikrein was activated by lysolecithin and by melittin, which was a more potent activator., This activation by mellitin was independent of calcium concentration. Mellitin was, however, a more potent activator of membrane-bound renin in the presence of calcium. Administration of aldosterone to rats for 6 days increased kallikrein activity in the renal homogenate and in the membrane-enriched fractions, whereas renin activity was not affected. It was proposed that kallikrein may also be located on the basal membrane of tubular epithelial cells, where aldosterone can enhance its activity. PMID- 7001470 TI - Differential amplification of specific areas of phage T4 genome as revealed by hybridization to cloned genetic segments. AB - Under various conditions, specific genetic areas of the phage T4 DNA molecule are preferentially and repeatedly replicated, resulting in the amplification of these areas. These areas are found to lie in the vicinity of the known origins of DNA replication. PMID- 7001471 TI - Novel histone H2A-like protein of escherichia coli. AB - A histone-like protein (H) from Escherichia coli has been purified to more than 98% homogeneity by using its capacity to inhibit DNA functions. H protein behaves as a dimer of 28,000-dalton subunits. The histone H2A-like properties of H protein are: (i) binding to DNA at a stoichiometry of 1 H protein dimer per 75 bases; (ii) abundance of about 30,000 molecules per cell, sufficient to bind about 20% of the chromosome; (iii) limiting digestion of double-stranded DNA by micrococcal nuclease; (iv) reannealing of complementary single-stranded DNA; (v) amino acid composition resembling that of eukaryotic histone H2A; (vi) neutralization of H protein by antibody specific for H2A; (vii) heat stability; and (viii) acid solubility. The capacity of H protein to bind DNA prevents its template or substrate functions n several reactions in vitro: DNA synthesis by several polymerases; transcription by RNA polymerase; DNA topoisomerase activity; and DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis by rep protein, dnaB protein, or protein n'. Together with other histone-like proteins of E. coli, H protein may organize the E. coli chromosome into nucleosomes, such as in eukaryotic chromatin. PMID- 7001472 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor. AB - Extranuclear estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was purified by passage of the cytosol fraction of a cell homogenate through an affinity column of estradiol linked to Sepharose by a substituted di-n propyl sulfide bridge in the 17 alpha position. Elution with 50 micro M [3H]estradiol in 10% (vol/vol) dimethyl formamide/0.5 M sodium thiocyanate gave 40% recovery of [3H]estradiol-estrophilin showing 14% of the specific radioactivity expected for the pure complex. Serum from a Lewis rat immunized with this partially purified estradiol-receptor complex contained antiestrophilin antibodies that reacted not only with nuclear and extranuclear estradiol-receptor complexes from MCF-7 cells but also with estrophilin from rat, calf, and monkey uterus, hen oviduct, and human breast cancers. Splenic lymphocytes from the immunized rat were fused with cells of two different mouse myeloma lines (P3-X63 Ag8 and Sp2/0-Ag14) to yield hybridoma cultures, 2% of which produced antibodies to estrophilin. After cloning by limiting dilution, three hybridoma lines secreting antiestrophilin were expanded in suspension culture and as ascites tumors in athymic mice to provide substantial quantities of monoclonal antibodies that recognize mammalian but not avian estrophilin and that show different degrees of reactivity with receptor from nonprimate sources. By growing the clone from Sp2/0 in the presence of [35S]methionine, radiolabeled monoclonal IgG has been prepared. These monoclonal antibodies should prove useful in the study of estrogen receptors of human reproductive tissues, in particular for the radioimmunochemical assay and immunocytochemical localization of receptors in breast cancers. PMID- 7001473 TI - Comparison of the structures of free and ribosome-bound tRNAPhe by using slow tritium exchange. AB - The rate of incorporation of tritium from the solvent into the C-8 position of purines in RNA is markedly sensitive to the microenvironment. This slow tritium exchange reaction has been used to study the structure and interactions of yeast tRNAPhe bound to poly(U)-programed tight-couple 70S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. The tritium incorporation into specific sites of the tRNA was determined by enzymatic digestion and measurement of the specific activity of each of the isolated radioactive fragments. Ribosome binding leads to marked suppression in the exchange rate of a number of fragments. This delineates extensive regions of tRNA-ribosome contact. No change in exchange rates is seen for fragments from the corner of the molecule, indicating that this region of bound tRNA is readily accessible to the solvent. Ribosome binding results in an enhanced exchange rate at the T loop. This appears to be the result of a conformational change that is most likely an unfolding of the T and D loops. Additional tritium exchange reactions suggest this conformational change is induced by ribosomes and not by messenger. PMID- 7001474 TI - Chinese hamster lung cells synthesize and confine to the cellular domain a collagen composed solely of B chains. AB - The acid-soluble collagen extracted from cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell layers has been isolated after limited pepsin digestion and differential salt fractionation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this material under denaturing conditions showed the presence of collagen chains with an apparent molecular mass of 120,000 daltons both before and after reduction, indicating the absence of interchain disulfide bonds in the native molecule. When chromatographed on CM-cellulose under denaturing conditions, the majority (> 90%) of the CHL cell layer collagen chains eluted as relatively basic components slightly before the human alpha 2(I) chain and coincident with the human B chain. In addition, the CM-cellulose elution profiles of the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the human B chain and from the CHL cell layer chain were essentially identical. Examination of CHL cells in culture by using affinity-purified antibody to human B chain revealed this collagen to be localized in an extracellular matrix surrounding the cells. Furthermore, analysis of the culture medium indicated the absence of any comparable collagen chain. These data provide additional evidence for the existence of a molecular form of collagen composed solely of B chains and suggest that this molecular form of collagen has an unusual affinity for the cell layer in this system. PMID- 7001475 TI - Reversible translocation of cytoplasmic actin into the nucleus caused by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - The addition of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) to PtK2 and WI-38 cells caused stress fibers to disappear from the cytoplasm and numerous elongated inclusions to appear in the nucleus. When Me2SO was removed, the stress fibers reformed and the nuclear inclusions disappeared. These nuclear inclusions reacted with fluorescent heavy meromyosin, phalloidin, and actin antibody. In the electron microscope, needle-like structures were seen to be composed of wavy filaments that bound heavy meromyosin. Antibodies against other components of stress fibers -tropomyosin, alpha-actinin, and myosin--did not react with the inclusions. When fluorescently labeled actin was microinjected into living PtK2 and WI-38 cells, the fluorescent actin was incorporated into stress fibers. Subsequent exposure of the same cells to Me2SO led to breakdown of the fluorescent stress fibers and the appearance of fluorescent inclusions in the nucleus. Removal of Me2SO caused reversion to the normal interphase structure. These results indicate that under the influence of Me2SO, dissolution of stress fiber releases actin in a form which allows it to diffuse into the nucleus where it then becomes organized into filamentous bundles. PMID- 7001477 TI - Preferential inclusion of extrachromosomal genetic elements in yeast meiotic spores. AB - During meiosis and sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extrachromosomal traits are efficiently transmitted to haploid spores. Although the pattern of inheritance of chromosomal traits reflects the mechanism of regular chromosomal segregation in meiosis, it is not known what processes are reflected by the efficient inheritance of extrachromosomal traits. Because extrachromosomal genetic elements in yeast are present in multiple copies, perpetuation of an extrachromosomal trait could occur by the passive envelopment of a subset of copies or by an active sequestering of all or a subset of copies within the four spores. We show that only subsets of the four extrachromosomal nucleic acids commonly found in yeast are transmitted through meiosis--55% of mitochondrial DNA copies, 82% of the 2-micron DNA plasmids, and about 70% of the L and M double-stranded RNAs. However, electron micrographs of serial sections through yeast asci indicate that the four spore enclose only 30% of the total ascus material. Thus these extrachromosomal elements are preferentially included within the spores, indicating that their inheritance is not a random process. Transmission of mitochondrial DNA can be accounted for by the observed enclosure of 52% of the mitochondrial volume within the spores. The high transmission frequencies of the double-stranded RNAs (which exist as virus-like particles in the cytoplasm) and 2-micron DNA must indicate that either these nucleic acids are actively recruited from the cytoplasm by some mechanism or they are associated in some way with the nucleus during meiosis. PMID- 7001476 TI - Selective effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on myofibrils and 10-nm filaments. AB - Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) has a prompt and selective catabolic effect on striated myofibrils in postmitotic myotubes. Fluorescein-labeled antibodies against light meromyosin were used to follow the effects of PMA on the muscle specific myosin in myofibrils. The response of actin filaments was monitored by decoration with heavy meromyosin. The response of the two types of 10-nm filaments in myotubes was followed by fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled antibodies to the fibroblastic and muscle-specific filament proteins, respectively. Within 2-3 days, PMA induced dismantling of virtually every striated myofibril in every myotube in the culture. These myotubes bound little or no anti-light meromyosin, and tests to detect the alpha-actin filaments of the myofibrils with heavy meromyosin were negative. In contrast, the nonmuscle actin in the subsarcolemmal microfilaments persisted in PMA-treated myotubes and was decorated with heavy meromyosin. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies appeared normal. Myotubes depleted of myofibrils by PMA displayed large numbers of muscle-specific 10-nm filaments. This preferential degradation of the myosin and actin of the myofibrils were reversible. These myotubes formed a normal complement of myofibrils 24-48 hr after removal of PMA. When, after 3 days in PMA, the cultures were treated for an additional 3-8 days, a transitory subpopulation of PMA-resistant myotubes appeared. PMID- 7001478 TI - Genetic manipulation by means of microcell-mediated transfer of normal human chromosomes into recipient mouse cells. AB - Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer is an innovative approach to the production of karyotypically simple hybrids. This method of gene transfer, employing micronuclei formed by prolonged Colcemid treatment, has been utilized for rodent systems. Expansion of this technology to include transfer of normal human genetic material has been hindered because large micronucleate populations from diploid human cells have been unobtainable. This report describes the production of micronuclei in 40-60% of normal human fibroblasts. These micronucleated cells have been enucleated by combining centrifugation and cytochalasin B treatment, and the resultant microcells have been purified and fused to recipient mouse (LMTK-) cells. Microcell hybrid clones containing a single human chromosome have been isolated from three separate fusion experiments. The time course for production of these hybrids, from fusion to karyotypic analysis, was 6 weeks. With a transfer frequency of about 2 x 10(-6), a single intact human chromosome has become a functioning element of the murine genome. PMID- 7001480 TI - Wide distribution of immunoreactive renin in nerve cells of human brain. AB - By use of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex immunocytochemical technique, antibody to purified human renal renin was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin sections of human cadaver brain. Immune reaction products were observed in most nerve cells in all areas of the brain examined; staining was limited to the soma and proximal dendrites. These experiments have confirmed the presence of a renin-like substance in central nervous tissue and suggest a more generalized function for "brain renin" than was previously anticipated. PMID- 7001479 TI - Cleavage of fibrinogen by the human neutrophil neutral peptide-generating protease. AB - The human neutrophil peptide-generating protease, which generates a low molecular weight vasoactive peptide from a plasma protein substrate, is directly fibrinolytic and cleaves human fibrinogen in a manner distinct from plasmin. Fibrinogen was reduced from 340,000 Mr to derivatives of 270,000-325,000 Mr during interaction with the protease at enzyme-to-substrate ratios of 0.3 or 1.0 microgram/1.0 mg. The 310,000-325,000 Mr cleavage fragments exhibited prolonged thrombin-induced clotting activity but were able to be coagulated, whereas the 270,000-290,000 Mr fragments were not able to be coagulated. Anticoagulants were not generated at either enzyme dose. As analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 4-30% gradient gels and 10% gels stained for protein and carbohydrate, the diminution to 310,000-325,000 Mr and the prolongation of thrombin-induced clotting time resulted from cleavage of the fibrinogen A alpha chain. The further decrease in size to 270,000-290,000 Mr was associated with B beta-chain and gamma-chain cleavage and an inability to form gamma-gamma dimers. The neutral peptide-generating protease, a distinct human neutrophil neutral protease with fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities comparable to those of plasmin on a weight basis, cleaves fibrinogen in a manner that is distinct from the action of plasmin, leukocyte elastase, and leukocyte granule extracts. It may be that the concerted action of this neutrophil protease to generate a vasoactive peptide and to digest fibrinogen and fibrin facilitates neutrophil movement through vascular and extravascular sites. PMID- 7001481 TI - Regulation of beta-galactoside phosphate accumulation in Streptococcus pyogenes by an expulsion mechanism. AB - Streptococcus pyogenes pregrown on lactose took up glucose, lactose, or methyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (MeSGal or TMG) by a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. MeSGal accumulated in the cell as MeSGal-phosphate (MeSGalP). Three effects were noted when various sugars were added to MeSGal preloaded cells: (i) no decrease in intracellular MeSGalP concentration after addition of fructose, sucrose, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, glycerol, 6 deoxyglucose, alpha-methyl D-glucoside, 2-deoxygalactose, glucose 1-phosphate, or glucose 6-phosphate; (ii) slow loss of preaccumulated MeSGalP evoked by lactose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, or unlabeled MeSGal; and (iii) a short lag followed by extremely rapid expulsion of intracellular MeSGalP elicited by glucose or mannose and a slower expulsion elicited by glucosamine. The expelled compound was free MeSGal, indicating the involvement of dephosphorylation in the expulsion mechanism. Deoxyglucose inhibited the expulsion evoked by mannose, and prepoisoning of cells with fluoride or arsenate prevented the glucose-dependent expulsion. The expulsion is due to activation of an expulsion mechanism rather than to turnover of MeSGalP and leak of internal MeSGal with concomitant inhibition of MeSGal influx. The results suggest the need for phosphotransferase dependent translocation of a preferential sugar or accumulation of the sugar catabolite for expulsion activation. The significance of the expulsion mechanism in synthesis regulation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate utilization is proposed. PMID- 7001483 TI - Animal models for the study of energy balance. PMID- 7001482 TI - Brain clathrin: immunofluorescent patterns in cultured cells and tissues. AB - High-purity bovine brain clathrin elicited antibodies, which were separated by affinity chromatography on clathrin conjugated with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Indirect immunofluorescent labeling on cultured rat fibroblasts showed the characteristic dotted fluorescence throughout the entire cytoplasm and concentrated patches of fluorescence in areas where the Golgi apparatus and GERL (Golgi apparatus-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome complex) exist next to the nucleus. Cerebellar tissue sections exhibited profuse immunofluorescence in the granular layer; dissociated cultures of neonatal rat cerebellar cells showed intense fluorescence in the cytoplasm and processes of granule cell neurons. The data suggest that clathrin is an abundant protein distinctly localized in the cytoplasm of cells and clearly correlated in its distribution and arrangement with actin stress fibers. PMID- 7001484 TI - Adventures in nutrition over half a century. PMID- 7001485 TI - [Effect of diet on the absorption of drugs]. PMID- 7001486 TI - Preliminary double-blind evaluation of a new, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: protacine. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 40 patients with various inflammatory syndromes to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of protacine, a new non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Twenty in-patients with arthritis or arthrosis localized to the hip or knee were given either 150 mg protacine or 50 mg indomethacin 3-times daily, orally, for 10 days on average. Twenty patients (10 in-patients and 10 out-patients) with inflammatory disorders in different locations were given either 150 mg protacine or 200 mg oxyphenbutazone, 3-times daily, orally, for 18 days on average. Assessments were made before and after treatment of pain severity and, in the first group, of joint mobility measured in degrees of joint movement. Laboratory tests were also carried out. Side-effects were scored and reported. Except for indomethacin in the case of joint mobility, all three drugs resulted in significant improvement in the conditions tested. There were no changes in the laboratory parameters tested and only 1 patient on protacine and 1 on oxyphenbutazone reported side-effects, namely slight gastric discomfort and moderate headache, respectively. Two patients on indomethacin dropped out because of severe epigastric pain, and 2 others reported severe epigastric pain but treatment was continued. These preliminary results suggest that protacine may be at least as effective and better tolerated than indomethacin and oxyphenbutazone in such patients with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. PMID- 7001488 TI - Treatment of infected dermatoses: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in general practice. AB - A double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in 52 patients with infected dermatoses to compare the efficacy and tolerance of two topical antibiotic/steroid combinations in cream formulations, one containing triamcinolone acetonide, neomycin sulphate and undecenoic acid ('Silderm') and the other triamcinolone acetonide, neomycin sulphate, nystatin and gramicidin. Patients applied the cream 3-times daily for 7 days. Assessments carried out before and after treatment showed that the 'Silderm' formulation was the more effective of the two preparations in reducing the extent of lesion, cosmetic disfigurement and irritation, and patients reported a greater improvement in their condition than did those on the other cream. No side-effects were reported in either treatment group. PMID- 7001487 TI - Double-blind clinical trial of protacine versus oxyphenbutazone in rheumatic disorders. AB - A double-blind trial wa carried out in 30 in-patients, mainly with rheumatoid disorders, to compare the efficacy and tolerance of protacine with those of oxyphenbutazone. Patients were given oral doses either of 150 mg protacine or 200 mg oxyphenbutazone 3-times daily for 21 days. Clinical symptoms were assessed by semiquantitative scoring at 5-days' intervals. The same was done for side effects. Protacine globally reduced the symptom scores by 55% and oxyphenbutazone by 34% (p < 0.001). Frequency and severity of side-effects were significantly less and less severe during protacine than during oxyphenbutazone treatment (p < 0.01). Physiological parameters did not vary during either treatment. Good efficacy, good tolerance and a convenient dose schedule suggest that protacine may well be suited also for long-term treatment. PMID- 7001489 TI - Treatment of benign essential hypertension with frusemide in different doses. AB - A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was carried out in 26 hypertensive patients to investigate the hypotensive effects of three different dosages of frusemide (40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg twice daily) and the effects on serum potassium and urinary output. The study included a 4-week treatment period with placebo, three periods of 6 weeks with frusemide, and an intervening placebo period of 4 weeks. The mean arterial blood pressure fell about 10 mmHg within the first 2 weeks and was independent of the frusemide dosage. During the following weeks of treatment, there was a constant, slow fall in blood pressure. The period on placebo was too brief for values to return to the initial level. In contrast, the increase in urinary output, which was dose-dependent, ceased when medication was withdrawn. The diuretic effect was maintained throughout the treatment periods. There was a correlation between the fall in serum potassium and the diuretic effect whereas no correlation with the fall in blood pressure could be shown. Except for a significant increase in serum zinc, no changes were observed in other electrolyte parameters. Body weight, pulse, haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate remained unchanged. Side-effects were few and mild, but tended to increase with higher doses. PMID- 7001492 TI - Haemorheological role of platelet aggregation and hypercoagulability in microcirculation: therapeutical approach with pentoxifylline. AB - The pathophysiology of disturbances in platelet function and intravasal hypercoagulability in diseases with impaired microcirculation is reviewed, and related relevant experimental and clinical findings with pentoxifylline are presented. Recent studies have revealed the antithrombotic properties of pentoxifylline which contribute to its haemorheological profile and therapeutical efficacy. PMID- 7001490 TI - A placebo-controlled study of pyritinol ('Encephabol') in dementia. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 40 patients suffering from moderately advanced dementia. The patients were allocated randomly either pyritinol (800 mg daily) or identical placebo for 3 months. Assessments using a modified Crichton Geriatric Behavioural Rating Scale were made pre-treatment and monthly up to 3 months, and then at follow-up at 6 months. Patients on pyritinol showed significantly higher levels of improvement than did those on placebo. Laboratory tests conducted throughout remained within normal limits for both groups. PMID- 7001491 TI - Proquazone ('Biarison') in osteoarthritis of the knee: a double-blind, dose comparison trial. AB - A double-blind study was carried out in 36 patients with osteoarthritis to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of 600 mg proquazone per day compared with 900 mg proquazone per day over a period of 3 months. The two groups showed statistically significant improvement in all the parameters investigated, thus confirming the potency of proquazone as an analgesic anti-inflammatory drug. The difference between the 2 groups, however, was not statistically significant, indicating an advantage for the lower daily dosage regimen over the high daily dosage regimen. Side-effects were more frequent and more severe in the high daily dosage group, demonstrating a further advantage of the lower daily dosage regimen. PMID- 7001493 TI - Some modern aspects of the mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - The modern concepts of the mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reference to the mediators of inflammatory processes are reviewed. It seems likely that prostaglandins (E1 and E2) and the kinin system are closely associated inflammatory mediators which are responsible for maintenance of the signs and symptoms of chronic inflammatory joint disease. It is suggested that the analgesic action of aspirin-like drugs in rheumatoid arthritis is the result not only of blocking production of prostaglandins but also of limiting the increased availability of kinin precursor (kininogen). PMID- 7001494 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition test results during desensitization treatment of children with atopic asthma. AB - A study was carried out in 16 children with perennial allergic asthma to evaluate the use of the leucocyte migration inhibition factor, one of the indicators of cellular change effected by specific antigens, as a measure of the efficacy of desensitization therapy with a tyrosine-adsorbed house dust mite vaccine. Eleven of the children showed a good response and 5 a poor response to desensitization. The results of the migration inhibition test suggest that during specific desensitization therapy asthmatic children acquire the ability to inhibit leucocyte migration by a specific allergen and this phenomenon appears to be related to an improved response to treatment. PMID- 7001495 TI - Abrupt withdrawal of the antihypertensive agent tiamenidine after 12-months' treatment. AB - Ten patients were treated with tiamenidine, an antihypertensive agent which is chemically related to clonidine, for 12 months. The drug was then abruptly stopped and observations made of blood pressure, plasma renins and urinary metanephrines. Transient withdrawal systolic hypertension occurred in 1 patient, and although plasma renins rose there was no consistent evidence of excess catecholamine activity during the post-treatment period. PMID- 7001496 TI - A review of the different hypothetical factors leading to materno-foetal tolerance during normal human pregnancy. AB - The immune situation of a women during pregnancy which permits the non-rejection of the foetal allograft can be compared to the pathological state of patients bearing malignant tumours. A good understanding of the former, therefore, could provide a better approach to the treatment of the latter. Four different kinds of hypothesis have been proposed for explaining this materno-foetal tolerance and each is briefly reviewed and criticised. Particular attention is drawn to the nature of the circulating factors which have been detected in the sera of pregnant women and which have been shown to have an in vitro immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 7001497 TI - [Synthesis and serum cholesterol-lowering and uterotropic effects of 15,16,17 trisubstituted oestratriene 3-methyl ethers. Part 63: On steroids (author's transl)]. AB - The preparation of the 17 beta-carbamoyl derivatives 4 and of the 17 beta carbonic acid esters 5 from 15 beta,16 beta-epoxy-3-methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10) triene-17 beta-ol (3a), and the subsequent opening of the 15 beta,16 beta-epoxy group resulting in 15 beta,16 alpha,17 beta-trisubstituted oestratrienes 6 are described. The influences of several substitutents in the positions 15 and 16 and of the 17 beta-hydroxy group and derivatives thereof on the uterotropic and cholesterol-lowering activities were investigated in rats after oral application. A correlation between the cholesterol-lowering and the uterotropic activity could be established. Activity dissociation was not achieved. PMID- 7001498 TI - Actions of drugs on developing skeletal muscle. PMID- 7001499 TI - Tetanus toxin. PMID- 7001500 TI - Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by insecticides and other xenobiotics. PMID- 7001503 TI - Inhibitors of respiration at energy-coupling site 2 of the respiratory chain. PMID- 7001502 TI - Present status of chemotherapy and chemopropylaxis of human trypanosomiasis in the Eastern Hemisphere. PMID- 7001501 TI - Antiviral agents as adjuncts in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7001505 TI - Genetic studies of manic-depressive illness. AB - The Unipolar (UP) and Bipolar (BP) forms of affective illness appear not to be genetically and physiologically identical, although the degree of overlap in family and biologic pharmacologic studies is considerable. It appears likely that at least a subgroup of UP illness shares its genetic diathesis with BP illness. The hypothesis of monoamine alterations associated with the affective illnesses has led to studies of genetics of enzymes of monoamine metabolism as observed in peripheral blood, erythrocyte catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). These are under genetic control and show some differences between patients with affective illness and controls, but these differences have not been consistently propagated through families along with the disorder. Linkage of BP illness to markers on the X-chromosome has been reported, but the evidence has internal inconsistencies which must be resolved before the phenomenon can be accepted. Association of BP illness with specific HLA types has also been reported, but efforts at replication have been unsuccessful. Mathematical models of transmission applied to family study data do not consistently support the same mode of transmission when applied to data collected at different centers. PMID- 7001504 TI - Clinical uses of estrogens. PMID- 7001506 TI - Loss of photoreactivability during liquid-holding in Escherichia coli WP2. PMID- 7001507 TI - Photodynamic inactivation of yeast cells sensitized by hematoporphyrin. PMID- 7001508 TI - Reduction by near-ultraviolet (334 nm) light of E. coli capacity for phage growth depends upon the rel gene and 4-thiouridine. PMID- 7001509 TI - Diagnosis of meconium in amniotic fluids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Some 40 samples of amniotic fluids were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as the first step in developing techniques for analysis of amniotic fluids in vivo without amniocentesis. It was found possible to distinguish amniotic fluids containing meconium (fetal feces) from all other kinds of amniotic fluids (hydramnios or normal fluids) by proton NMR, but precise chemical or cytological analysis seemed unavailable. Also reported are results of in vitro analysis of amniotic fluids, and of measurements performed in vivo on other biologic fluids to investigate possible in situ detection of pathological amniotic fluids. PMID- 7001510 TI - Multiple hormone interactions in the developmental biology of the mammary gland. PMID- 7001511 TI - Benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolism, activation and carcinogenesis: role and regulation of mixed-function oxidases and related enzymes. PMID- 7001513 TI - [Polish Nurses' Association; ideas and activities]. PMID- 7001512 TI - Osmoreceptors, vasopressin, and control of renal water excretion. PMID- 7001514 TI - [Traditions of the Cracow School of Midwifery]. PMID- 7001515 TI - The scalp flap only onlay: a method for managing large dural defects. AB - The standard approach to loss of substantial amounts of calvarium and dura is replacement of the dura with pathches, usually of biologic material such as fascia. We question the need for such patches and offer experimental and clinical evidence to support a different approach. Treatment of large calvarium and dural defects in 20 rats divided in two groups showed no difference in dural regeneration between animals repaired with patches and those repaired with the scalp flap only onlay on the brain. An illustrative clinical case confirms the observations. The scalp flap only onlay repair of cranial defects involving the dura provides a reasonable means for reconstruction. (1) In experimental animals there appeared to be no histologic difference between dura repaired by autogenous patch and that repaired by the scalp flap only onlay. (2) Clinically, well nourished galea effects an ideal onlay repair of the dura. Secondary reconstruction of the bony calvarium can be performed utilizing a modified crane technique. (3) The procedure is simple in design, requires no donor sites, and certainly has application in cases other than trauma. PMID- 7001516 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint in hemifacial microsomia. AB - In some patients with hemifacial microsomia, the mandibular ascending ramus and condyle are absent. Sometimes the zygomatic arch and glenoid fossa are also absent, and the zygoma and lateral orbital wall are deficient and misplaced. Complete alignment of the facial skeleton with construction of all components of the temporomandibular joint has been performed as a one-stage procedure on 14 patients, aged 6 to 23 years. The principle "first the bone, rarely the soft tissue" has evolved because when the skeleton is correct, the soft tissues assume a normal contour. The dangers of major skeletal surgery in children can be minimized if patients are referred to major craniofacial centers. PMID- 7001518 TI - Differential response of skin and muscle in the experimental production of pressure sores. AB - An experimental model was developed to determine the effects of pressure on skin and muscle in animals. A pressure-time regimen that consistently produced cutaneous ulceration (100 percent) over a bony pressure point was found to produce no ulceration in skin in a location where muscle separated skin and bone. When pressure was applied to skin over a transposed muscle flap and bone, a reduction of the incidence of ulceration (69 percent) was noted, as compared to the corresponding side without a muscle flap between skin and bone (100 percent ulceration). Histologic studies of skin and muscle biopsies demonstrated epidermal breakdown, increased cellularity, and muscle fiber necrosis when cutaneous ulceration occurred. In the animals without ulceration, were normal muscle or a muscle flap was interposed between skin and bone, there were nevertheless significant areas of muscle necrosis in almost every case. Although these data support the supposition that the increased mass of muscle under skin can diffuse pressure and lessen incidence of ulceration, the extremely high incidence of muscle necrosis in response to pressure, despite absence of skin ulceration points to the possibility that muscle is an unsuitable coverage for a pressure-bearing area. PMID- 7001517 TI - Vascularized rib-periosteal and osteocutaneous reconstruction of the maxilla and mandible: an assessment. AB - Three approaches to provide rib-periosteal or osteocutaneous composite tissue in maxillary or mandibular reconstruction are presented. All methods appear to be useful in replacing viable osteocytes and improving vascularity of maxillary or mandibular defects. Disadvantages include the bulk of the transplanted tissue, volume deficiency of bone, and the unreliability in viability of the associated cutaneous tissue, especially with the posterior and posterolateral approach. Significant patient morbidity and pulmonary complications in our series should indicate caution when considering these methods of reconstruction. At present, rib-periosteal transplantation is most often indicated to replace segmental defects of mandibular continuity when the recipient bed is avascular but the quantity of cutaneous cover is adequate. In those patients with deficient soft tissue and a small segmental mandibular loss, reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps and nonvascularized bone grafts is indicated. With extensive deficiencies of both soft tissue cover and mandibular or maxillary continuity, an iliac osteocutaneous flap based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels may be the most effective. Lower patient morbidity statistics should be anticipated. PMID- 7001519 TI - The biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap in the repair of pressure sores around the hip. AB - A musculocutaneous flap based on the long head of the biceps femoris is described in the repair of ischial and trochanteric pressure sores. Its anatomy and blood supply is given and the operation described. The results of its use in seven operations is given. PMID- 7001522 TI - The needle holder. AB - A technique to facilitate the retrieval of a microneedle following knot tying is described. A small foam block is mounted on the non-dominant-hand forceps, where the needle can be easily stored and relocated during microsurgical procedures. PMID- 7001520 TI - Primary closure of trochanteric decubitus ulcers: the bipedicle tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flap. AB - A surgical procedure is described for the definitive treatment of trochanteric decubitus ulcers. It combines the advantages of the bipedicle skin flap and the musculocutaneous flap; that is, a large area of skin is provided with a thick protective padding consisting of fat, fascia, and muscle richly vascularized by the musculocutaneous perforating circulation. The disadvantages of either flap alone (i.e., dependence on dermal blood supply and skin grafting of the donor bed) are avoided. In patients who are traditionally the most difficult nursing problems, this one-stage reconstructive procedure results in shorter operating room time, easier postoperative care, shorter hospital convalescence, and an enduring protection against recurrent trochanteric pressure problems. PMID- 7001521 TI - Primary closure of trochanteric decubitus ulcers: the bipedicle tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 7001524 TI - Microsurgery: past, present, and future. PMID- 7001525 TI - Malignant transformation in concurrent benign mixed tumors of the parotid and submaxillary glands. PMID- 7001526 TI - In memoriam. Dorothy Burlingham. 1891-1979. PMID- 7001523 TI - The fluorescein test in dark-skinned patients. AB - In dark-skinned patients a scratch test in conjunction with intravenous fluorescein is useful to predict viability in skin flaps. PMID- 7001527 TI - A historical sketch of the use and disuse of reconstruction. PMID- 7001528 TI - Adolescent love and self-analysis as contributors to Flaubert's creativity. PMID- 7001531 TI - Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension: dissociation between post operative changes in plasma renin and blood pressure. AB - Conventionally used criteria for predicting the blood pressure response to surgery in renovascular hypertensive disease rely on the demonstration of renin dependency. To assess the validity of this, we have related post-operative changes in plasma renin to the efficacy of surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. We report nine hypertensive patients with unilateral renal disease and raised peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA), who were studied before and after either nephrectomy or renal artery stenosis bypass. In four patients blood pressure fell to normal levels, and has remained normal without treatment for periods varing from one to four years. In only one of these patients did renal vein renin studies indicate hypersecretion of renin on the operated side with contralateral suppression. Of the remaining five patients, three showed partial reduction of diastolic blood pressure and in two blood pressure was unchanged, although it was more easily controlled with antihypertensive medication. In all patients studied, peripheral venous plasma renin activity fell significantly after surgery, becoming normal in seven patients: in one of these blood pressure was unchanged, and it remained significantly elevated in two. Thus, correction of renin hypersecretion is not necessarily associated with restoration of blood pressure to normal. Tests for surgical correctability of renal hypertension which attribute a central role to renin hypersecretion may therefore yield misleading results. PMID- 7001530 TI - Toward a definition of the appropriateness of dental treatment. PMID- 7001529 TI - Impact of community health centers and Medicaid on the use of health services. AB - The impact of improved access to health care through the Federal community health center (CHC) and Medicaid programs was examined in five urban low-income areas. Data on access to care and physician, hospital, and dental services utilization were collected by baseline and followup health surveys in the CHCs' services areas. There was a shift in use from hospital clinics to CHCs. Followup surveys indicated that 23 percent of the population reported CHCs as usual source of care. Travel time to source of care was reduced for users of CHCs. Medicaid coverage of the population in the survey areas increased from 16 to 37 percent between the baseline and followup surveys, an interval of 4 to 7 years. Increases occurred in the use of physicians and dental care between the baseline and followup surveys, but the rates scarcely kept pace with the national rates. Respondents who reported CHCs as their usual source of care, however, had a higher rate of physician visits and a lower rate of hospitalization compared with those using private physicians or hospital clinics as the usual source of care. Respondents with Medicaid coverage usually had higher physician and hospital use, irrespective of usual source of care. Both CHC and Medicaid programs contributed to increased use of dental care by providing financial and dental care resources. Although these two programs greatly facilitated the use of health services, disparity in physician and dental utilization remains between the five low-income areas and the averages for the nation. PMID- 7001533 TI - [Class V inlays of metal-ceramics]. PMID- 7001532 TI - [Hospital dentistry. Impression and casting of post in gold in the operating room]. PMID- 7001534 TI - [Bone graft in mandibular reconstruction]. PMID- 7001535 TI - Holography. PMID- 7001536 TI - Erskine Memorial Lecture, 1979. In memory of Arthur W. Erskine, M.D. Introduction of the orator, Luther W. Brady, M.D. PMID- 7001537 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Erskine Memorial Lecture, 1979. AB - This paper reviews the literature concerning malignant lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis, pattern of dissemination, histologic data, prognosis, and results of treatment are discussed. The results suggest that localized lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is compatible with long-term survival and possible cure. A more careful look at the staging of the disease is warranted, as well as the development of appropriate programs of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to maximize the potential for control of the disease while minimizing damage to normal tissue. PMID- 7001538 TI - Serratia pneumonia. AB - The clinical and radiological manifestations were correlated with the necropsy findings in the lungs of 18 patients who died of Serratia marcescens infection. Ten died during a hospital epidemic affecting 74 patients. In 14, only Serratia was identified at autopsy; in 4, other organisms were also cultured. Ten patients had septicemia. The predominant radiological findings were focal bronchopneumonia in 13, lobar consolidation in 2, and diffuse nonhomogeneous infiltrates in 10. Small radiolucent areas within the infiltrates were seen in 5, a large pulmonary abscess in 1, and pleural effusion in 7. The predominant pathological findings were focal necrotizing bronchopneumonia (sometimes with microscopic abscesses) in 14 and diffuse hemorrhage in 3. Three patients had endocarditis and 3 others showed dissemination to the brain or kidneys. PMID- 7001539 TI - The occult tethered conus syndrome in the adult. AB - Twelve adults presented with tethered conus syndrome which had gone undiagnosed throughout childhood. Seven patients had had surgery directed toward the presenting symptoms or cutaneous abnormalities because the true underlying pathology was not appreciated. Although plain radiographs of the lumbosacral spine were abnormal, it was myelography that established the diagnosis. Computed tomography was performed in 4 cases and optimally showed the point of tethering, the nature and extent of the tethering masses, and the course of the intradural bands. PMID- 7001543 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Jan Alkiewicz]. PMID- 7001541 TI - Bundle branch block and sudden death. PMID- 7001542 TI - Analysis of the effects of changes in rate and rhythm upon electrical activity in the heart. PMID- 7001544 TI - [Effect of diethanolamine on dermatophytes and yeasts]. PMID- 7001540 TI - Accepted, controversial, and speculative aspects of ventricular defibrillation. PMID- 7001546 TI - [Paraneoplasia in dermatology]. PMID- 7001545 TI - [Effect of 17-hydrocortisone butyrate (locoid) in various skin diseases, and its effect on intact skin in the light of electrothermometric experimental studies]. PMID- 7001550 TI - [Course of Salmonella hospital infections among newborn infants during the years 1977-1978]. PMID- 7001547 TI - [Use of Ufudix ointment for the treatment of keratoacanthoma. I. Clinical evaluation of the results]. PMID- 7001548 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of bullous skin diseases]. PMID- 7001549 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of viral hepatitis according to the material of the 3rd Department of the Infectious Disease Clinic no. 1 in Warsaw]. PMID- 7001551 TI - [Uropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes in the material from the Gdansk hospital outpatient clinics during the years 1973-1976]. PMID- 7001552 TI - [Prof. Jozef Karol Kostrzewski (on the 20th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 7001553 TI - [Importance of J. K. Kostrzewski's research on tetanus as seen from a perspective of 20 years]. PMID- 7001554 TI - [Trichinosis]. PMID- 7001556 TI - Some aspects of the retention of precision-attachment prostheses (I). PMID- 7001555 TI - [In memoriam: Danuta Mallek]. PMID- 7001557 TI - Creating the posterior palatal seal. PMID- 7001558 TI - Some aspects of the retention of precision-attachment prostheses (II). PMID- 7001560 TI - Eliminating Ceka attachment breakage. PMID- 7001559 TI - Sub-surface porosity. PMID- 7001561 TI - Repairs, corrections and additions to non-precious copings and substructures (I). PMID- 7001562 TI - Pre-fabricated hollow bulb obturator technique. PMID- 7001563 TI - Repairs, corrections and additions to non-precious ceramo-metal frameworks (II). PMID- 7001564 TI - Repairs, corrections and additions to non-precious ceramo-metal frameworks (III). PMID- 7001566 TI - [Spermatogenesis before and after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001565 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of anaerobic infections. Experience and preliminary results from the Anaerobe Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001567 TI - [Transfer of the insertion path of removable partial dentures to working models during mouth preparation and framework casting]. PMID- 7001568 TI - [Clinical study of normal gingival sulcus depth of deciduous teeth in children 4 6 years old]. PMID- 7001569 TI - [Continuous suture technics with two needles for periodontal surgery, Stitch-in loop, stitch-in-U and external stitch]. PMID- 7001570 TI - [Influence of tooth preparation on retention of prefabricated stainless steel crowns, subjected to axial load traction]. PMID- 7001571 TI - Rodent incisor pulp, isolation and sectioning. AB - Experimental technics are described for a quick isolation of the dental incisor pulp in rodents, and for the wrapping of the pulp in a sheet of guinea pig muscle as a prerequisit for cryostat sectioning. PMID- 7001572 TI - [Wilder Penfield 1891-1976]. PMID- 7001574 TI - [Effects of the treatment with human growth hormone in patients of short stature with a proved secretion deficiency of growth hormone]. PMID- 7001573 TI - [Function of growth hormone secretion in over 100 patients of short stature]. PMID- 7001575 TI - [Current status of congenital luxation of the hip. Personal experience in 113 cases]. PMID- 7001576 TI - [Diagnosis of hydatid cyst by immunofluorescence]. PMID- 7001577 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine. Double blind study]. PMID- 7001579 TI - [Articulators]. PMID- 7001578 TI - [Action of 3 beta-mimetic bronchodilators: clenbuterol, hexoprenaline, fenoterol. Comparative study]. PMID- 7001580 TI - The effect of orthostatism, passive tilting and recumbent exercise on renin release. AB - Three postural tests, orthostatism, passive tilting and recumbent exercise, were applied to fourteen normal volunteers. Orthostatism and tilting produce a significant increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin concentration (PRC), without changes in plasma renin substrate concentration (PSC). Recumbent exercise induces an inhibition of PRA and PRC and does not changes PSC. The present study seems to suggest that sympathetic activity and intravascular blood volume could play an important role in the responses of the renin-angiotensin system to postural changes. PMID- 7001581 TI - Effect of LH-RH, gonadotrophins or sex hormones on protein synthesis in hypothalamus and pituitaryof immature female rat in vitro. AB - Protein synthesis in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary of immature female rats was studied after treatment with 5 doses of LH-RH, gonadotrophins or sex hormones. None of the hormonal doses affected protein synthesis in cortex. Sex hormones and gonadotrophins increased protein synthesis in hypothalamus. These effects are attributed to positive feed-backs of these hormone on immature female rat hypothalamus. All treatments increased protein synthesis in pituitary. The direct effect of LH-RH on pituitary and the feed-back effect of sex hormones or gonadotrophins are compared and discussed. PMID- 7001582 TI - [A fixation device for the registration of neural units in unanesthetized animals]. PMID- 7001583 TI - [Historical synthesis of the programs of dental auxiliary personnel in Colombia]. PMID- 7001584 TI - [Pit and fissure sealants]. PMID- 7001586 TI - [Uremic polyneuropathy. An uncertain etiopathogenesis]. PMID- 7001587 TI - [Hypogonadism in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 7001585 TI - [Alloys for dental castings]. PMID- 7001588 TI - [Hepatopathy caused by alcoholism. Physiopathological, clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7001589 TI - Glucose-induced insulin release from dimethylsulfoxide-treated rat islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7001590 TI - Molybdenum in the environment. PMID- 7001592 TI - [Mathematical-computer method for the improvement of diagnostic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7001591 TI - [Alfred Barring Garrod--the pioneer of studies on gout (1819--1907)]. PMID- 7001593 TI - [Chagas cardiomyopathy: an epidemiological, clinical and electrocardiographic survey in the Limari Valley (Chile) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001594 TI - [Insulin: advances in knowledge and preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001595 TI - [Memories on a visit to Chile of Gregorio Maranon M.D. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001596 TI - [Experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to the guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001597 TI - [Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis treated with high-dose methylprednisolone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001598 TI - [Meditations on current medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001599 TI - [Historical notes on the creation of the chair of histology at the University of Chile Medical School (1872-1881). Part I. The Magalhaes affair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001600 TI - [Chilean medicine is in mourning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001602 TI - [Historical notes on the teaching chair of histology at the University of Chile School of Medicine (1872-1881). Part II. Light microscopy and histology in Chile before 1873 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001601 TI - [Consanguinity and migration in Vina del Mar, Chile, 1888-1967 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001603 TI - [Influence of the inoculation route on residual virulence of different substrains of BCG for albino mice]. PMID- 7001605 TI - [Heat-labile anti-enterotoxin antibodies to Escherichia coli and anti colonization factor in human colostrum]. PMID- 7001604 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of a new cephyamycin antibiotic, cefoxitin, in acute bacterial infections. PMID- 7001606 TI - [Resistance to fast in Venezuelan Triatomidae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). I- Rhodnius prolixus Stal]. PMID- 7001608 TI - [Role of various therapeutic measures in the treatment of chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7001607 TI - [Therapeutic of taeniasis and hymenolepiasis nana with single oral dose of praziquantel. Study of the efficacy, tolerance and safety]. PMID- 7001609 TI - The effect of pineal polypeptides and melatonin on serum and pituitary LH and FSH in adult male rats. AB - The effect of a pineal polypeptide extract was tested against the effect of melatonin on the serum level and pituitary concentration of LH and FSH of the adult male rat both in basal conditions and in response to exogenous (GnRH) and endogenous (castration) stimulation. A 2 ml dose of pineal polypeptides per injection caused a signifcant fall in serum LH and FSH both in the intact, the intact + GnRH, and the castrated animals. The decrease in pituitary concentration of LH and FSH was of statistical significance only in stimulation conditions. A 50 micrograms dose of melatonn/injection failed to produce comparable effects. The antigondaotropic action of the biologically active pineal compounds is discussed. PMID- 7001610 TI - [Cephalometry: a critical comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - Changes have occurred in the original concepts which led to the current use, either totally or partially, of the various cephalometric tests, and the terminology employed varies from one author to another. A comparative study of the principal measurements used was therefore conducted, based on this acquired knowledge. After discussing the relative values of the reference points and constructions, the authors attempt to establish a relationship between the different evaluation methods used for each element, bony, alveolar, and dental, which are necessary for diagnosis, and for which functional coexistence dominates the prognosis for harmony of the buccodental system. PMID- 7001611 TI - Pancreatic glucagon and gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7001612 TI - Immunological status as basis for appropriate treatment in subgroups of HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7001613 TI - The effect of glucose on plasma immunoreactive secretin in normal man and after gastrectomy or pancreatectomy. AB - Oral intake of glucose increased the peripheral plasma immunoreactive secretin (IRS) concentration in patients after total pancreatectomy with duodenectomy (p < 0.05) and in patients after total gastrectomy (p < 0.01). In young healthy volunteers and in patients after partial gastrectomy, no effect on IRS was observed. Intravenous glucose reduced the IRS concentration in pancreatectomized patients (p < 0.05), whereas IRS was only reduced in young healthy volunteers when intravenous glucose was followed by oral glucose after an interval of 10 min (p < 0.025). The abnormal IRS release in pancreatectomized patients and in patients after total gastrectomy might be due to rapid intestinal passage and/or increased splanchnic blood flow induced by hypertonic glucose. A third possibility is that a glucose-induced increase in bile flow might release IRS. PMID- 7001614 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release and incretin effect after oral glucose in obesity and after jejunoileal bypass. AB - Twelve morbidly obese patients and 17 patients treated for obesity by jejunoileal shunt operation were studied. A 50-g oral glucose load (OGTT) and an intravenous glucose infusion were carried out to study a) the relation between the plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels after oral glucose and the type of jejunoileal bypass performed and b) the importance of endogenous GIP as an incretin in man. The GIP release during OGTT and incretin effect were normal in the obese patients. After jejunoileal shunt, measuring 48 cm and with a ratio of 3:1 between the jejunal and ileal segments, the GIP release and the incretin effect were significantly reduced. Incremental increase in plasma GIP and OGTT was significantly correlated to the incretin effect in these patients. After jejunoileal shunt with the reverse ratio of proximal and distal intestine the incretin effect was significantly higher in spite of a comparable GIP release. Five patients after ileoascendostomia for familial hypercholesterolemia had significantly supernormal GIP release during OGTT but normal incretin effect. The findings indicate the insulinotropic effect of GIP and are in accordance with the concept that incretins other than GIP are released from the distal intestine. PMID- 7001615 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome after vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. AB - A 14-year-old boy developed an acute Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) 14 days after receiving the second prophylactic dose of human diploid cell rabies vaccine. The symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy included bilateral facial weakness. GBS after vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine must be extremely rare, and has not hitherto been reported. PMID- 7001616 TI - An evaluation of two methods for detection of circulating immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Immune complexes were detected by Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) in 58% of 107 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in 24% of 31 patients with seronegative arthritis. The difference is significant. Immune complexes were detected by the anticomplementarity test (AC) in approximately half of the patients without significant inter-group differences. No correlation was observed between the two methods. In 35 randomly selected patients with seropositive RA, a significant correlation was observed between Clq-BA and the functional class and the latex titre for rheumatoid factor. In patients with seronegative RA, the Clq BA was significantly correlated to the number of joints with impaired mobility. The AC test was correlated to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the concentration of hemoglobin and gammaglobulin in patients with seropositive RA. As regards the clinical activity of disease, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hemoglobin seem better parameters than the Clq-BA and AC tests. PMID- 7001617 TI - Demonstration of antibodies to denatured type I and type II collagen in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Still's syndrome and controls by [14C] collagen radioimmunoassay. AB - From 88 sera of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 30.6% showed antibodies to denatured type I collagen an 31.8% antibodies to type II collagen, a percentage which corresponds to radioimmunoassay results in adult RA. Rheumatoid factors were demonstrated with Waaler-Rose test in 14.7% and with latex test in 6.8% of investigated patients. Results of investigations with collagen types I and II correlated in 73.7%. Whilst type I collagen antibodies were found with equal frequency in active and non-active stages, type II antibodies were twice as frequent in active stages as in non-active stages. Sixteen sera of children with non-rheumatoid diseases had no collagen antibodies. JRA sera and controls differed with statistical significance in regard to collagen antibodies. 36 sera of children with Still's syndrome showed antibodies to type I collagen in 13.8% and antibodies to type II collagen in 33.3%. Both types of antibodies appeared more frequently in clinically active stages. The sera differed from controls with statistical significance in regard to collagen antibodies. PMID- 7001618 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis in a sawmill worker. A case report. AB - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, with acute attacks of the disease, developed in a sawmill worker. The diagnosis was based on the history of exposure to moldy wood, on the symptoms and clinical signs, and on physiological and radiographic findings. A microbiological analysis of the ambient air of the patient's work environment showed that the air contained a considerable number of spores, both of fungi and actinomycetes. The most common fungal genus was Aspergillus. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris predominated the actinomycetal flora. The patient's serum contained precipitins to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus. Based on the microbiological and serological data, it was concluded that the causative agent(s) of the disease was either T vulgaris or species of the genus Aspergillus. PMID- 7001619 TI - Anesthetic gases as an occupational hazard--a review. AB - This review is a survey of the literature on the different health effects of long term exposure to anesthetic gases. PMID- 7001620 TI - [Function of prostaglandins in platelet aggregation]. PMID- 7001621 TI - Insulins from different species--chicken and snake. AB - We have worked out a new adsorption method for the preparation of insulins from different species. At present, we are mainly involved in chicken and snake insulins. In all insulins so far studied, only chicken insulin has been reported to have much higher activity. However, results from different laboratories are quite different from one another. We have obtained chicken insulin in typical rhombohedral crystalline form and determined its activity in vivo which is not appreciably different from that of porcine insulin. From the pancreas of a non venomous snake, Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades (Cantor), we have prepared snake insulin which is different from rattle snake insulin reported earlier. The dodecahedral crystals of the snake insulin are similar to those of zinc-free porcine insulin. PMID- 7001622 TI - UCSD gene splicing incident ends unresolved. PMID- 7001623 TI - Tetracycline-labeled human bone from ancient Sudanese Nubia (A.D. 350). AB - Nubian bone recovered from an X-group cemetery (A.D. 350 to 550) exhibits a pattern of fluorescence identical to that of modern tetracycline-labeled bone. When it is viewed under ultraviolet light at 490 angstroms, fluorophors are visible as a characteristic yellow-green fluorescence on surfaces that were actively mineralizing at the time of exposure. Contamination of stored grains provided the proper environment for cultivation of tetracycline-producing Streptomycetes. Evidence for exposure to antibiotics in an archeological population is relevant to studies of the evolution of R factors and to the interpretation of health and disease within the population. PMID- 7001624 TI - Institute of medicine gets new president. PMID- 7001625 TI - 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. PMID- 7001627 TI - Bioactive conformation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: evidence from a conformationally constrained analog. AB - An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn. PMID- 7001626 TI - Bacterial resistance to ultraviolet irradiation under anaerobiosis: implications for pre-phanerozoic evolution. AB - The concept that low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen and consequent unattenuated ultraviolet irradiation limited the emergence of Phanerozoic life, the Berkner-Marshall hypothesis, is no longer tenable. Anaerobic bacteria, which probably evolved far earlier than Metazoa, were irradiated in a special chamber under strictly anaerobic conditions. Both intrinsic resistance and photoreactivation by visible light were discovered in obligately and facultatively anaeroboc microbes. Atmospheric scientists have shown that small amounts of oxygen would have limied pre-Phanerozoic surface ultraviolet irradiation to fluxes well below those used in the anaerobic experiments described. Since adequate ultraviolet protection mechanisms evolved early, the late Proterozoic appearance of Metazoa probably was not related to high fluxes of solar ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7001628 TI - Assembly of proteins into membranes. AB - Two pathways for protein assembly into biological membranes have been proposed. The "signal hypothesis" emphasizes the role of specific membrane proteins in binding the growing polypeptide and conducting it into the bilayer during its synthesis. The "membrane-triggered folding" hypothesis emphasizes self-assembly and the role of changing protein conformation during transfer from an aqueous compartment into a membrane. These ideas provide a framework for reviewing recent data on the biogenesis of membrane proteins. PMID- 7001631 TI - The role of zinc and follicle cells in insulin-initiated meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 7001630 TI - Cellular transplantation in the treatment of experimental hepatic failure. AB - The survival of Lewis rats with D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure was prolonged if they were given intraperitoneal injections of single-cell suspensions of liver or bone marrow cells from normal rats. Suspensions of liver cells were also effective in prolonging the survival of rats with ischemia induced hepatic necrosis. The liver cells did not act by repopulating the recipient liver. PMID- 7001629 TI - The 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. PMID- 7001632 TI - Insulin receptors in hepatocytes: postreceptor events mediate down regulation. AB - Down regulation of the insulin receptor of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes occurs in the presence of insulin and several agents with insulin-like activity, which act through or distal to the insulin receptor. These findings indicate that the interaction of insulin with its specific binding site is not in itself sufficient to down-regulate this receptor and that one or more steps subsequent to this interaction are necessary. Thus, down regulation may be a complex biological response to insulin, and if a cell were resistant to this effect of insulin, our data may explain how target cells from a patient or animal can have a normal number of receptors in the presence of increased concentrations of circulating insulin. PMID- 7001634 TI - Advanced methods for measurement of fetal breathing movements in the human fetus. PMID- 7001635 TI - The measurement of fetal breathing movements with A-scan and Doppler techniques. PMID- 7001633 TI - Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of anglerfish and mammalian insulin mRNA's from cloned cDNA's. AB - Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region. PMID- 7001636 TI - Measurement of human fetal breathing movements in healthy pregnancies using a real-time scanner. AB - Real-time scanners have permitted investigators to measure fetal breathing movements during pregnancy in humans. It has been demonstrated that fetal breathing movements are episodic and occur about 30% of the time during the last 10 wk of pregnancy. Design of studies must account for the episodic nature of fetal breathing movements. It will be important to account for the relationship of fetal breathing movements to maternal meals, time of day, and gestational age of fetuses. Furthermore, cigarette smoking, alcohol, and drugs may alter fetal breathing measurements. Finally, fetal breathing movements are absent during accelerated labor and may normally be diminished during the last 3 days prior to spontaneous term labor. Measurement of fetal breathing movements using real-time scanners has helped to understand circadian rhythms in fetal life and may ultimately be of use in the assessment of fetal health. It is important that much more information be obtained concerning factors that normally influence fetal breathing movements before proper strategies can be suggested for the use of these measurements in the clinical assessment of fetal health. PMID- 7001638 TI - Ultradian rhythms in the human fetus during the last ten weeks of gestation: a review. PMID- 7001639 TI - Human fetal breathing monitoring--clinical considerations. PMID- 7001640 TI - Lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7001637 TI - Maternal plasma glucose concentration and fetal breathing movements: a review. AB - In summary, studies have demonstrated that administration of glucose to normal pregnant females resulted in increased fetal breathing movements in the second and third hour of observation if the glucose was given orally or within the first and second hour of observation 30 min following the administration of a 25-g glucose intravenous bolus. No relationship was demonstrated between maternal plasma glucose concentration and fetal breathing rate or the occurrence of fetal hiccoughs. Furthermore, gross fetal body movements were independent of fluctuations in maternal plasma glucose concentration. Although it may be possible that local excess of carbon dioxide produced by increased oxidation of glucose might have stimulated the chemosensitive areas in the brain stem and produced increased fetal breathing activity, the mechanism for the increased fetal breathing following maternal administration of glucose remains to be elucidated. It would seem that in any short-term studies in which fetal breathing, fetal movement, and other fetal biophysical parameters are being recorded, the experimental approach must take into consideration the episodic nature of fetal breathing and gross body movements, the prandial state of the mother, the time of day, and the gestational age at which the studies are performed. The evidence for the clinical usefulness of standardized approaches of looking at fetal breathing in conjunction with other biophysical parameters remains to be presented. PMID- 7001641 TI - Hodgkin disease, the non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and the leukemias in the retroperitoneum. PMID- 7001644 TI - Dr. Samuel Mudd: justice at last. PMID- 7001643 TI - The radiologic diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma in children. PMID- 7001642 TI - Skeletal manifestations of leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 7001646 TI - [Firm suture of laparatomy wounds]. PMID- 7001647 TI - [Our experience with single-layer intestinal anastomosis]. PMID- 7001645 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis in chronic renal failure: safe therapy with thiabendazole. AB - The pharmacodynamics of thiabendazole (TBZ) and its metabolite, 5OH-thiabendazole (5OH-TBZ), were studied in an anephric patient with Strongyloides stercoralis pneumonitis. No toxic manifestations were noted in the patient, and serum TBZ and 5OH-TBZ levels were comparable to those in eunephric patients. We conclude that thiabendazole, in the usual recommended dose of 25 mg/kg twice daily, given to patients with compromised renal function is reasonable and safe. PMID- 7001648 TI - Group B beta-haemolytic streptococcus and perinatal infections. PMID- 7001650 TI - Sub-cellular localization of antigen E/2 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. An immunoenzymatic electron microscopy study. PMID- 7001649 TI - Insulin-induced lipo-atrophy. PMID- 7001651 TI - An immunoanalysis for kojic acid. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the analysis of kojic acid in aqueous solutions and biological fluids. As little as 100 pg kojic acid ml-1 was detected in standard buffer. Analysis of biological fluids containing 1 mg kojic acid ml-1 showed that ELISA could detect the toxin at dilutions of 10(-4) in urine, deporteinated plasma, or serum. Urine and plasma samples collected form rabbits dosed intravenously with 56 mg kojic acid kg-1 body weight gave positive tests at dilutions of 10(-4). The immunoassay described may be used for detection of kojic acid produced during experimental or clinical aspergillosis. PMID- 7001652 TI - The interaction of [3H]miconazole with Candida albicans. AB - During the stationary phase of a batch culture, Candida albicans develops the ability to take up large amounts of [3H]miconazole, and this occurs over the same period of time as the cells become resistant to miconazole-induced K+ release. Cell walls isolated from C. albicans also take up [3H]miconazole, and it is likely that the cell wall is the site of the association of [3H]miconazole with intact cells. Miconazole interaction with C. albicans is freely reversible and relatively nonspecific, and evidence suggests the involvement of hydrophobic bonding. Although fractionation studies were not exhaustive, results suggest that [3H]miconazole associates with glycoprotein and lipid in the matrix of the cell wall. Development of the ability to take up [3H]miconazole requires a low pH in the culture medium at the end of the growth phase, and efficient aeration, and was found to occur most rapidly in the presence of 0.3 mM sodium azide. The nature of the changes that occur during incubation through the stationary phase, and also similar changes that take place during cell wall preparation, and their relationship to phenotypic miconazole resistance are discussed. PMID- 7001654 TI - Albumin shifts across the extracellular space secondary to experimental infections. AB - The pathway across tissue spaces of intravenously injected 125I albumin was studied in five dogs before and after the injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin by the use of perforated plastic capsules placed in the subcutaneous tissue. The already negative extracellular space pressure became less so after the endotoxin injection, when albumin was detected shifting from the intravascular space into the extracellular space compartment and then into the intralymphatic space. The injection of endotoxin produced a marked increase in the thoracic duct lymph flow, while, at the same time, erythrocytes entered the lymphatic stream. Results of this study suggest that experimental canine endotoxemia is associated with an increased passage of albumin into the extravascular compartment and explains, in part, the fall in serum levels of this protein during clinical and experimental sepsis. PMID- 7001653 TI - Genetics of cell-surface receptors for bioactive polypeptides: a variant of mouse BALBc/3T3 fibroblasts possessing altered insulin-binding ability. AB - An insulin-nonresponsive variant was isolated from mutagenized mouse BALBc/3T3 fibroblasts. Selection was based on the insulin's mitogenic action upon quiescent cells and subsequent arrest at mitosis by vinblastine sulfate to remove insulin responsive cells. Among four surviving colonies, one, designated IN-2, exhibited no binding for [123I] insulin at 2 x 10(-10) M and at 4 degrees C. The binding ability, however, recovered substantially at 15 degrees C and increased with higher temperature and at higher ligand concentrations. The binding profiles, Scatchard plot analysis, and the dissociation kinetics indicated that the receptors expressed on IN-2 cells possess lower affinity than the parental 3T3 cells. The IN-2 cells were negative for stimulating effects of insulin on 2 deoxyglucose uptake, thymidine incorporation, and cell growth. The IN-2 cells were also negative for cross-reactivity to antibodies which react with insulin receptors on 3T3 cells and for the susceptibility to a cytotoxic chimeric insulin which was cross-linked to diphtheria toxin fragment A. This negative response of IN-2 cells can be attributed to a deficiency in "high-affinity receptors" for insulin. The insulin bound to the "low-affinity binding sites" of IN-2 cells, however, undergoes internalization and intracellular degradation. Therefore, such processing by itself does not account for insulin's mitogenic action. PMID- 7001655 TI - A technique for suturing of the calcified arterial wall. PMID- 7001656 TI - The letters of William Halsted and Alexis Carrel. PMID- 7001657 TI - Surgical management of inflammatory disorders of the pancreas. AB - Operative intervention may be quite successful in dealing with certain patients who have various inflammatory disorders of the pancreas. For patients with severe acute pancreatitis, a wide variety of procedures has been advocated and, indeed, the value of operation itself is controversial. Individuals with biliary pancreatitis as well as those with pancreatic pseudocysts, abscesses and fistulas may frequently benefit from operations when properly indicated. Finally, most patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis can at least obtain significant pain relief following one of a number of types of operative procedures. PMID- 7001659 TI - Jean Talairach. PMID- 7001658 TI - Intrasellar solitary plasmacytoma terminating in multiple myeloma: a report of a case including electron microscopical study. AB - A case of multiple myeloma is reported that presented as a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone of the sella turcica. The diagnosis was established by electron microscopy in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase technique. The patient succumbed 37 months after the diagnosis was made. The relation between solitary plasmacytoma of bone and multiple myeloma is discussed. The differential diagnosis of intrasellar tumors may pose serious problems to the surgical pathologist. In difficult cases the value of the immunoperoxidase technique and electron microscopy is emphasized. PMID- 7001660 TI - Stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. AB - Stereotactic biopsies from deep-seated brain tumors were carried out in 302 patients. There were more men (58 percent) than women. Peak of prevalence was in the second to fourth decade; the youngest patient was 18 months old. The tumors were deep-seated hemispheric in 36 percent, in the basal ganglia in 30 percent, in the diencephalic region, i.e., hypothalamus and suprachiasmatic region, in 21 percent, and in the midbrain and pineal region in 13 percent. The majority of lesions were gliomas (71 percent), the remaining being epithelial and various nonglial tumors. Operative mortality was 2.3 percent; transient deterioration was observed in 3 percent. Diagnosis was made instantly by cytological examination (smear preparations) and confirmed by conventional histological examination. In only 5 percent of the gliomas was a discrepancy found between the diagnosis from the smear preparation and the subsequent histological diagnosis. Integrating computerized tomography (CT) imaging techniques into the stereotactic technique makes it possible to take biopsies at exact and reproducible sites and with low risk. The findings suggest that exploratory craniotomies, risky free-hand punctures, and aspirations deep in the brain can no longer be advocated. No radiation treatment should be considered without histological confirmation. PMID- 7001661 TI - Marcy's priority in the development of inguinal herniorrhaphy. AB - Conflicting claims regarding priority for the development of the modern operation for inguinal herniation have been made on behalf of Bassini, Halsted, and Marcy. The evidence is reviewed with special emphasis on the latter. It is concluded that Bassini was first and foremost. PMID- 7001662 TI - [Immunologic cell markers in lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 7001663 TI - [Cellular basis of the hematopoietic microenvironment]. PMID- 7001664 TI - Laminate veneers for prosthetic replacement. PMID- 7001665 TI - Defective yeast opsonisation of serum in sarcoidosis. AB - We have studied the opsonising ability of the sera of 49 patients with sarcoidosis. The serum of 11 (22%) patients was defective in this ability, whereas only two (4%) of 46 clinic control subjects and three (7%) of 43 laboratory control subjects showed this defect. The difference between the prevalence of the defect in sarcoidosis and the control groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Although the patients with sarcoidosis who had this defect tended to have pulmonary infiltration, this relationship was not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no correlation between the activity of sarcoidosis and this defect, although there was a significant (p less than 0.05) relationship between the opsonising defect and the persistence of circulating immune complexes. Serum opsonisation is a genetically linked host defense mechanism. Our findings suggest that the presence of this serum defect may render a person more susceptible to sarcoidosis. PMID- 7001666 TI - Two forgotten pioneers. James Carson and George Bodington. AB - James Carson, a Scot, graduated from Edinburgh in 1799. He settled in Liverpool where he became a successful and respected physician and where he also found time to pursue a longstanding interest in physiology and to conduct certain important experiments. He read a series of papers on these experiments and their import before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool of which the two most important were On the elasticity of the lungs and On lesions of the lungs. In the first he clarified the mechanics of respiration while in the second he suggested that this knowledge might be employed to produce temporary collapse of the lung as a therapeutic measure. Two attempts at a clinical trial were defeated by widespread pleural adhesions but the first recorded attempts at artificial pneumothorax had been made. George Bodington, a Warwickshire man, after serving a surgical apprenticeship studied at St Bartholomew's Hospital and obtained the licence of the Society of Apothecaries in 1825. He later practised near Sutton Coldfield where he was known as an acute observer and a thoughtful and fluent speaker. In 1840 he published an essay on the treatment and cure of pulmonary consumption in which he roundly condemned the current therapy and advocated instead fresh air in abundance, gentle exercise in the open, an adequate and varied diet, and a minimum of medicaments. Violently attacked by the reviewers he became discouraged about tuberculosis and devoted the remainder of his professional life to the care of the mentally ill. PMID- 7001667 TI - Effects of anti-mite measures on children with mite-sensitive asthma: a controlled trial. AB - Mite counts and tests for mite antigen were performed on samples of dust taken from the bedding of 53 children with mite-sensitive asthma. The samples from damp houses and the beds or enuretic children had markedly more mites and mite-antigen than those from dry houses. although the predominant species was usually Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, some of the beds in the damp houses were heavily infested with another pyroglyphid mite Euroglyphus maynei, so that this was the species found in the greatest numbers. D pteronyssinus antigen was found to be correlated broadly with the total mite count, but more antigen was present for a given number of mites in the mattresses than in the blankets. The children were randomly allocated into two groups, one of which carried out rigorous anti-mite measures. The amounts of dust and mite antigen were reduced, though not the numbers of mites. Peak flow readings were monitored in the two groups for eight weeks and a final assessment made by a paediatrician who was unaware of the allocation of each patient in the trial. No significant differences emerged in the progress of the two groups, both tending to improve. Measures designed to remove mites from bedding do not greatly benefit the majority of children with mite-sensitive asthma. PMID- 7001668 TI - Effect of a change to mite-free bedding on children with mite-sensitive asthma: a controlled trial. AB - Twenty-one children with mite-sensitive asthma took part in a crossover randomised controlled trial of mite-free bedding. Each child was issued with a new sleeping bag and pillow for a month, and twice-daily peak flow readings were compared with those obtained during a month in the child's ordinary bedding. Seventeen of the children had higher mean peak flow readings during the period in the mite-free bedding (p < 0.01). The overall improvement was only modest, however, and some mites had appeared in most of the bedding by the end of the trial. New bedding may be helpful to patients with mite-sensitive asthma, but methods are needed to prevent colonisation by mites. PMID- 7001669 TI - Defective yeast opsonisation of serum in tuberculosis. AB - We have studied the opsonising ability of the sera of 92 patients with tuberculosis. Fourteen per cent of these patients showed defective opsonising ability compared with 4% in a clinic control group. This increased frequency in TB was accounted for by the greatly increased proportion with defects found in patients with intrathoracic TB (21%). We may have identified a section of the population with a specific genetically linked abnormality of a host defence mechanism which renders them more susceptible to intrathoracic TB. Further population studies are required. PMID- 7001671 TI - Effect of an extension tube on the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline delivered from a metered dose inhaler. AB - A double-blind within-patient investigation was performed to determine whether the interposition of an extension tube (10 cm length X 3.2 cm diameter) between a metered dose inhaler and the mouth alters the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline sulphate. On two consecutive study days 14 adult patients with stable reversible airways obstruction inhaled a cumulative dose of 500 micrograms of terbutaline which was delivered from a metered dose inhaler with or without the extension tube attached and received placebo in a similar manner. The drug was inhaled in doses of 125, 125, and 250 micrograms at 20 minutes intervals. The following measurements were made: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), thoracic gas volume (TGV), and specific airways conductance (sGaw). These were done immediately before and at five and 15 minute intervals after each dose, and were repeated 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes after the first inhalation of terbutaline. Administration of terbutaline with and without an extension tube achieved significant bronchodilation at all dose levels in all respiratory variables (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEFR, and sGaw values at any time or dose level with either method of administration. The use of the extension tube did not impair the efficacy or duration of action of inhaled terbutaline. PMID- 7001672 TI - Effects of etofibrate on platelet function: in vitro studies in human plasma. PMID- 7001673 TI - Dental professor traces ancestry back 4,000 years. PMID- 7001674 TI - A pictorial history of dentistry--the nineteenth century--No.2. Part XII. PMID- 7001670 TI - Slow-release oral salbutamol and aminophylline in nocturnal asthma: relation of overnight changes in lung function and plasma drug levels. AB - In a double-blind controlled trial 14 chronic asthmatic patients with regular nocturnal exacerbations took 16 mg slow-release oral salbutamol (two Ventolin spandets), 450 mg slow-release aminophylline (two Phyllocontin Continus tablets), or placebo at midnight. Mean peak expiratory flow rates on waking were significantly higher on the active drugs than on placebo (p < 0.01 for salbutamol; p < 0.05 for aminophylline) but neither drug abolished the overnight fall in PEFR. Plasma drug levels at 0600 hr were 17.3 ng/ml (+/- 5.3 ng/ml SD) for salbutamol, and 7.1 micrograms/ml (+/- 3.1 micrograms/ml SD) for theophylline. Steady-state derived from plasma levels of salbutamol during intravenous infusion indicated that the morning salbutamol levels were probably in a therapeutic range for asthma. The morning theophylline levels, however, were suboptimal when aminophylline was given only at night. PMID- 7001675 TI - [A simpler method of treatment in left sided displacement of the bovine abomasum (author's transl)]. AB - A simpler method of treatment in left-sided displacement of the bovine abomasum is described. In the animal which is placed in dorsal recumbency, the abomasum is fixed to the wall of the abomasum by two large sutures which are perpendicular to one another. The sutures are passed through the lumen of the abomasum. PMID- 7001676 TI - The ultrastructure of the female accessory gland, the cement gland, in the insect Rhodnius prolixus. AB - The cement gland of Rhodnius prolixus is an epidermally derived tubular gland consisting of a distal synthetic region and a proximal muscular duct region. The synthetic region consists of numerous secretory units joined to a central chitinous duct via cuticular ductules. Proteinaceous secretion, synthesized by the goblet-shaped secretory cell, passess through the delicate cuticular lattice of a ductule-end apparatus and out through fine ductules to the central duct. Secretory cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Light microscopy, SEM and TEM reveal the delicate lattice-like end apparatus structure, its formation and relationship to the secretory cell. The secretory cell associates via septate junctions with a tubular ductule cell that encloses a cuticle-lined ductule by forming an elaborate septate junction with itself. The ductules are continuous with the cuticle lining of the large central duct that conveys secretion to the proximal area. The proximal muscular duct has a corrugated cuticular lining, a thin epithelium rich in microtubules and thick longitudinal, striated muscles which contrast during oviposition, forcing the secretion out. Histochemistry and electrophoresis reveal the secretion as proteinaceous. PMID- 7001677 TI - Effects of diethyltindichloride on amino acid and nucleoside transport in suspended rat thymocytes. PMID- 7001678 TI - Fractionated irradiation and haematopoiesis. II. The effect of bone-marrow cell transplants in conditions of split dose of irradiation. AB - Haemoregeneration after the irradiation with 600 R was studied using two different fractions given before and after the transplantation of bone-marrow cells. The dose of 600 R was divided in two uneven fractions: 500 + 100 R, 400 + 200 R and 300 + 300 R. During the free interval between the two doses (5 min) transplantation of bone-marrow cells was performed. Recolonization of bone-marrow and spleen was analysed on the 10th day after treatment. For analysis, samples of blood, bone-marrow and spleen were used. Maximal effect was found in the experimental group of animals irradiated with 500 R before and with 100 R after marrow-cell transplantation. Minimal haematopoietic response was in the group irradiated with 300 R before and after transplantation. This points at the importance of the primary dose for acceptance of the transplants and their activation. PMID- 7001679 TI - Alteration in the normal pattern of serum testosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in the immature male rat following chronic treatment with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone or luteinizing hormone. AB - A major component of sexual maturation in the male rat is a progressive decline in serum concentrations of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha diol) and a concomitant increase in testicular testosterone biosynthesis and secretion. Chronic administration of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) or luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to immature male rats has been shown to result in a delay in sexual maturation as evidenced by decreased sex accessory gland weights and altered testicular testosterone production. We have examined the postulate that such treatments may either reverse or retard the normal developmental pattern of serum testosterone and 3 alpha-diol concentrations. Chronic in vivo treatment of 28 day old immature male rats for 2 weeks with daily injections of either 0.5 micrograms of LHRH, 1.0 micrograms of LHRH, or 30 micrograms of LH was found to result in significant reductions in weights of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate glands and diminutions in serum testosterone concentrations. Serum content of 3 alpha-diol was either unchanged or slightly elevated in the LHRH treated animals and increased significantly in the LH treated animals. These data suggest that either a reversal of or retardation in the normal developmental pattern of serum testosterone and 3 alpha-diol content has been achieved in the immature male rat by chronic LHRH or LH treatment. PMID- 7001680 TI - Comparison of plasma corticosterone- and progesterone-binding activity in rat and human. AB - Corticosterone-and progesterone-binding activity were measured by saturation analysis, with dextran-charcoal separation, in plasma obtained from male and female rats, and a normal male and female human. In plasma from normal male and female rats, progesterone was much less effective than corticosterone in displacing 3H-corticosterone from plasma protein binding sites although the parallelism of the displacement curves indicated competition for the same binding sites. In plasma from the normal male human, corticosterone and progesterone were equally effective in displacing 3H-corticosterone. However, 3H-progesterone showed no apparent binding to either rat or human plasma proteins, suggesting that dextran-charcoal effectively removed progesterone from transcortin binding sites at 4 degrees C. This observation was confirmed by multiple equilibrium dialysis. In dialysis, 3H-corticosterone and 3H-progesterone were bound equally by human plasma, but rat plasma bound 3H-corticosterone to a much greater extent than it did 3H-progesterone. These data indicate that, in contrast to human plasma, rat plasma has much greater affinity for corticosterone than for progesterone. PMID- 7001681 TI - New drugs for old diseases. PMID- 7001683 TI - Culture of the liver stages (exoerythrocytic schizonts) of rodent malaria parasites from sporozoites in vitro. PMID- 7001682 TI - Endotoxin in human and murine malaria. PMID- 7001684 TI - Asians in the white man's grave. PMID- 7001685 TI - The human materno-foetal relationship in malaria. II. Histological, ultrastructural and immunopathological studies of the placenta. AB - Histological and ultrastructural studies of four placentae heavily infectd with Plasmodium falciparum revealed large intervillous accumulations of erythrocytes containing parasites together with monocytes which had ingested pigment. These appearances were associated with focal syncytial necrosis, loss of syncytial microvilli and proliferation of cytotrophoblastic cells. In addition, marked irregular thickening of trophoblastic basement membranes and protrusion of tongue like projections of syncytiotrophoblast into the basement membrane were observed. In six other placentae which contained scanty amounts of pigment but no parasites, representing past or inactive infection, no large collections of monocytes or abnormalities of trophoblast were apparent but basement membrane thickening was evident. Immunohistological studies revealed no significant differences between placentae positive for parasites and those containing pigment only, although the amount of certain immunoproteins and clotting factors was clearly increased above normal. These findings establish that P. falciparum infection in the placenta may result in substantial damage although lesions within the villus are rare. Furthermore, previous infection, although adequately controlled, may leave a heritage of pigment deposition, basement membrane thickening and immunopathological lesions. These results may thus account for both the high frequency of intra-uterine growth retardation and the rarity of congenital malaria in the presence of P. falciparum malaria. PMID- 7001686 TI - A case of congenital malaria in Malaysia with IgM malaria antibodies. AB - Congenital malaria from Malaysia is reported here for the first time. It occurred in a baby boy born to a 16-year-old primigravida who contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy. She suffered malaria during the later stages of pregnancy and at parturition. The placenta was heavily infested with various asexual stages of P. falciparum. Gametocytes were not seen. Extensive search did not show other species. Cord blood showed very light infection with young trophozoites of P. falciparum. Serological studies using IFA technique showed specific IgG and IgM antibodies to P. falciparum in maternal cord and two early neonatal sera. These serum samples showed lower levels of IgG antibodies against P. vivax and P. malariae, but there were no specific IgM antibodies against these species. The value of specific IgM antibody in the diagnosis of congenital malaria is discussed. PMID- 7001688 TI - Was Anopheles donaldi a vector of malaria in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in the past? AB - Anopheles donaldi Reid, a member of the A. barbirostris species group, is a vector of human filariasis and probably malaria. The discovery of some old specimens of this species, collected in Kuala Lumpur town where it no longer occurs, together with evidence from the literature about past malaria in the town, suggest that donaldi may have played a part in transmitting that malaria. PMID- 7001689 TI - Group B streptococcal carriage in Nigeria. AB - 1038 patients of different age groups and clinical conditions attending three large hospitals in Ibadan between August 1977 and December 1978 were screened for group B streptococcal carriage. 132 (12.7%) of these patients were found to be colonized by this organism. A breakdown of the colonization rates was: in women- 19.3% during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, 17.6% during labour (third trimester) and 19% among STD patients; in adult males--9% among STD patients and nil among patients without STD; in newborns--4.7%. Type III was found most frequently (56.1%)) and there was a high incidence of R and X strains and of strains with only Ic protein. Type Ia streptococci were sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin and cephalothin. Only 74.2% of the strains were sensitive to tetracycline. PMID- 7001687 TI - Drug trials with levamisole hydrochloride and diethylcarbamazine citrate in Bancroftian and Malayan filariasis. AB - Seventy-eight microfilaraemic patients with Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi infections were treated with various oral levamisole hydrochloride total dosage regimes of 150 to 3,150 mg and total diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) of 36 and 126 mg per kg body-weight. Significant microfilaricidal and probable macrofilaricidal effects were seen at total levamisole hydrochloride dosages of 300 to 3,150 mg and the DEC dosages. The optimum dosage regime with levamisole hydrochloride recommended for treatment of microfilaraemic patients is 100 mg initially followed by 100 mg twice daily for 10 days. This dosage regime was as effective as a total oral dosage of DEC at 126 mg per kg body-weight. Side reactions were dose-dependent, mild and transient, with fever being the most common. One patient developed fits after 150 mg levamisole hydrochloride. The pathophysiology of these side reactions is discussed and it is recommended that levamisole hydrochloride, as a probable alternative for the treatment of patent and occult filariasis, should be used only under close medical supervision. PMID- 7001690 TI - Seroepidemiology of malaria in Peninsular Malaysia: Plasmodium falciparum antibody profile of adults in four states. AB - In 1973, 2610 sera were collected from adults living in 22 localities in four states in Peninsular Malaysia and tested by IFAT for Plasmodium falciparum antibodies. A larger number of thin films were examined. The attack phase of the Malaria Eradication Programme (MEP) in these areas was started between 1968 and 1973. The results showed that the highest prevalence rates and geometrical mean reciprocal titres (CMRT) were among adults from Kelantan where the antibody prevalence varied greatly among the adults and there was active transmission in at least three areas. The values were lowest for Kedah. The P. falciparum antibody prevalence rates were higher than the parasite rates as revealed in single thin film examinations but a number of the positive sera were reactive only at low titres. The low concentration probably indicated the residual antibody from cured cases or past infections and cross reactions to P. vivax and P. malariae infections. The strong reactions probably indicated current P. falciparum transmission as shown by positive thin films. The present study showed that the antibody profile of adults, as shown by IFAT, is of considerable value in assessing the malaria situation in a given area and that it would be useful as a malariometric tool in epidemiological studies to evaluate the progress of malaria eradication/control programmes. PMID- 7001692 TI - An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in the Sudan--1976. PMID- 7001691 TI - Chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Thirty-five children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine over three days and observed for seven days during which blood films were examined daily for malaria parasites. Asexual forms of P. falciparum which were present in the blood films of all the patients before commencing treatment disappeared rapidly from the blood so that by the third day no parasites were seen in the blood film. The blood films remained negative for the rest of the seven-day observation period. Plasma chloroquine determination in eight of the patients showed high blood levels during the first three days. The results do not confirm the suspicion of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in the area studied although RI level of resistance by WHO criteria was not excluded. PMID- 7001693 TI - Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in West Bengal. PMID- 7001694 TI - Early invasion of Trypanosoma rangeli into the haemolymph of Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 7001696 TI - Organ-specific and systemic alloantigens: Interrelationships and biologic implications. PMID- 7001695 TI - Transplantation biology and immunogenetics of murine skin-specific (Sk) alloantigens. PMID- 7001697 TI - Pancreas-specific alloantigens. PMID- 7001698 TI - Antigens of vertebrate cells, tissues, and body fluids. PMID- 7001701 TI - Endothelial-monocyte antigens. AB - Monocyte cytotoxicity was found to be very dependent on selection of rabbit complement. Eluates obtained from kidney allografts were found to contain a variety of antibodies against monocytes, B cells, and T cells. Specific monocyte reactions were not blocked by an antiserum against human DR antigens made in chickens. A turkey serum against beta 2-microglobulin did abolish monocyte specific reactions. Blocking with chicken anti-DR was used to assess antibodies in 56 alloantisera. Among the reactions observed, 52% were blocked by the anti-DR serum; 25% appeared to be monocyte-specific. PMID- 7001700 TI - Demonstration of granulocyte, monocyte, and endothelial cell antigens by double fluorochromatic microcytotoxicity testing. PMID- 7001702 TI - Endothelial cell alloantigens. PMID- 7001703 TI - Antibodies against renal endothelial alloantigens. PMID- 7001699 TI - Comments on targets in rejecting allografts. PMID- 7001704 TI - Alloantibodies eluted from rejected human renal allografts: reactivity to primary kidney cells in culture. PMID- 7001705 TI - Individual and strain differences in renal basement membrane antigens. PMID- 7001706 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation by allogeneic tissue cells in rats: with special reference to differential survival of skin and kidney allografts. AB - The ability of isolated skin and kidney cells to activate allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro was studied in the MHC-identical and incompatible rat strains. The preparation of these cells and optimal culture conditions were summarized. 3H thymidine uptake was strongest with skin epidermal cells and weakest with kidney cells. The results obtained from fractionated cells indicated that both Langerhans (Ia positive) and other cells (Ia negative) of the skin epidermis stimulated lymphocytes equally well and that only glomerulus and whole kidney cells stimulated, whereas cells fom the medulla and cultured epithelium failed to do so. It was suggested that skin epidermal cells possess lymphocyte-activating antigens other than Ia antigens that may be responsible for MHC-identical graft rejection. The weaker reaction by kidney cells and the limited localization of lymphocyte-activating determinants suggest that kidney cells may not express specific alloantigens detectable by the procedure employed; these cells obviously carry only a limited amount of Ia antigens. PMID- 7001707 TI - Human glomerular cells in vitro: isolation and characterization. AB - Human glomerular cells were isolated, identified, and propagated in vitro, and a number of features were found to be unique to glomerular visceral epithelial and mesangial cells. Epithelial cells are identified by their "epithelial" morphology in vitro, growth pattern, presence of C3b surface receptors, response to mitogens, synthesis of a single collagen type (IV), and nearly exclusive synthesis of one type of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate. Mesangial cells differ from epithelial cells and other potential contaminating cells, such as fibroblasts or endothelial cells, by their characteristic light and electron microscopic morphology and their synthesis of specific collagen and glycosaminoglycan types. In addition, while they closely resemble vascular smooth muscle cells in many ways, they differ with respect to their response to mitogens. It should now be possible to study these cells for other features, including the presence of alloantigens. This property and their response to inflammatory mediators or cells are prerequisites to the determination of their role in the pathogenesis of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7001709 TI - [Potentiometric titration in biological studies]. AB - The employment of the potentiometric titration method for determination of the nature and concentration of ionized groups in synthetic polyelectrolytes, biopolymers and in membrane fragments of the cell has been considered. The interpretation of the results of potentiometric investigations in the biological system is complicated because of a neglection of the electrostatic factor and differentiation of molecular and supramolecular, structural changes affecting the availability of ionogenic groups. The method, however, provides an important information concerning the character and, particularly, the mechanisms of structural changes in biosystems and in their components under the influence of different factors. PMID- 7001708 TI - [Bases for biological supersynthesis on exogenous genetic material]. PMID- 7001710 TI - [Fluorescent method of determining the pH in cells that uses the "fluorochromasia" phenomenon]. AB - A new fluorescence method for pH determination inside the cells using the phenomenon of "fluorochromasia" has been developed, that makes it possible to measure intracellular pH changes in both a single cell *by means of cytofluorimeter) and in a population of cells (by means of fluorimeter) in the pH range below 7.4 within the accuracy of 0.1 unit of pH. It is most advisable to use this method for studying effects of different agents inducing fast shifts in the intracellular pH. PMID- 7001711 TI - Diagnostic potentialities of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tuberculosis using purified tuberculin antigen. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity tests with tuberculin or purified tuberculin (PPD) have been used for detection of tuberculous infection. The present paper describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PPD-antibodies in tuberculosis patients. The ELISA test was positive in nearly 80% of cases having bacteriological evidence of tuberculosis. The test could also detect PPD antibodies in 66% of the cases not showing bacteriological evidence of tuberculosis. The potentiality of the test in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis is discussed. PMID- 7001712 TI - Novolacs: synthetic resins suitable for mounting biological materials. PMID- 7001713 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7001714 TI - Primary aldosteronism--a review. PMID- 7001715 TI - Bacterial endocarditis: a review. PMID- 7001716 TI - reconstructive surgery for a bite-wound abscess. PMID- 7001717 TI - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis seen in dogs. PMID- 7001718 TI - A survey of mastitis in the British dairy herd. AB - Five hundred herds were examined to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the British dairy herd. The prevalences of the various infections recorded were Streptococcus agalactiae 3.4 per cent of quarters, S dysgalactiae 1.1 per cent, S uberis 1.5 per cent and Staphylococcus pyogenes 8.1 per cent. There were regional differences in the prevalence of some of these pathogens. The national prevalence of subclinical mastitis as defined by the International Dairy Federation was 9.6 per cent of all quarters. Udder infections were less prevalent in herds where mastitis control measures were being used. The prevalence of infection also declined as the size of herd increased. However, as the uptake of mastitis control measures was greater in the larger herds it seems likely that the widespread use of control measures was the most important factor responsible for the relatively low prevalence of subclinical mastitis. PMID- 7001719 TI - Efficacy of albendazole against protostrongyloid infestations in sheep. PMID- 7001720 TI - A new method of obtaining arterial blood samples from cattle. PMID- 7001721 TI - Ovine coccidiosis in England and Wales 1978-1979. PMID- 7001723 TI - Tremorgenic forage and ryegrass staggers. PMID- 7001722 TI - High prevalence of strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica resistant to potentiated sulphonamide in English pig herds in 1978-79. PMID- 7001724 TI - Recurrence of a syndrome resembling ryegrass staggers. PMID- 7001725 TI - Respiratory disease in pigeons. PMID- 7001726 TI - Bullous autoimmune skin disease in the dog: (1) clinical and pathological assessment. AB - The clinical and pathological findings of two cases of pemphigus vulgaris and four cases of bullous pemphigoid in the dog are reported. Clinically these cases were typified by ulcerative lesions of the oral mucous membranes, mucocutaneous junctions and skin. Pathologically there were intraepithelial separation and bulla formation in one of the cases of pemphigus and subepithelial separation and bulla formation in all cases of pemphigoid. PMID- 7001727 TI - Bullous autoimmune skin disease in the dog: (2) immunopathological assessment. AB - The immunological examinations of two cases of pemphigus vulgaris and four cases of bullous pemphigoid in the dog are reported. Deposits of immunoglobulin and complement were identified betweeen epithelial cells of the pemphigus cases and at the epithelial/connectivce tissue junction in the pemphigoid dogs. The bullous autoimmune diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mucosal and skin ulceration in the dog. PMID- 7001729 TI - [Diagnosis of fecal coliforms in dairy products by the temperature tests]. AB - The study concerned the formation of gas and acid in broth with lactose and glucose and brilliant green at 30,37 and 44 degrees C and of indole in peptone water at 30, 37 and 44 degrees C by 842 coliform strains isolated from 386 samples of dairy products (E. coli I--496, E. coli--51, Citrob. freundi--87, Citrob. intermedium--46, Enterobacter aerogenes--98, Enterobacter cloacae -- 32 and K1. aerogenes 32). It was found that Eijkman's test (formation of gas and acid from lactose in broth with brilliant green at 44 degrees C) yields no real results and cannot be used for rapid differentiation of the fecal coliforms. The test of McKenzie, Taylor and Gilbert (formation of gas and acid from lactose in broth with brilliant green at 44 degrees C and indole at 44 degrees C) gives satisfactory results for quick determination of the expected E. coli I amount. E. coli I amount should be determined solely on the basis of IMVIC tests. PMID- 7001728 TI - [E. coli strain K88+ isolated from pigs]. AB - A 151 E. coli strains isolated from diarrhea-affected pigs were studied for the presence of the antigen K88. The established strains positive for this antigen, belong to the serogroups: O149, O141, O139, O138, O18 and one strain of nondemonstrated O-serogroup. All positive strains produce antigen K88 on cultivation at 37 degrees C utilizing raffinose and forming gas. The same strains do not produce antigen K88 when cultivated at 18 degrees C. PMID- 7001730 TI - Familial glomerulopathy with giant fibrillar deposits. AB - Proteinuria and microhaematuria were observed in three siblings and one first degree cousin. Histological examination of three kidney biopsies and one autopsy specimen shows the same diffuse glomerular lesions in all patients, characterized by mainly subendothelial but frequently transmembranous and mesangial deposits of a unique fibrillar structure, visible by electron microscopy. Examination by immunfluorescence gave inconstant findings. No serological abnormalities could be established. To our knowledge, such a pecular form of familial glomerulopathy has not been described so far. PMID- 7001732 TI - [Infusion administration of microdoses of insulin in the treatment of hyperglycemia]. PMID- 7001731 TI - Investigations on the presence of viral and chlamydial antigens in cells exfoliated in the vagina of women with common and malignant gynecopathies. AB - A high proportion of parainfluenza, herpes, adenovirus and chlamydial antigens (10.7-36%) was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in cells exfoliated in the vagina of women with genital neoplasia and with uterine cervix ectopia and dysplasia. Much lower proportions of the same antigens were found in patients with common gynecopathies or recurrent genital herpes and in pregnant women. The possible relationships between chronic virus infections and genital neoplasia in women are discussed. PMID- 7001733 TI - [The role of macrophages in anti-neoplasm immunity]. PMID- 7001735 TI - [Work of an evacuation center at the front]. PMID- 7001734 TI - [Supplying military personnel with medical goods during World War II]. PMID- 7001737 TI - [Contribution of Soviet military physicians to victory over militaristic Japan]. PMID- 7001736 TI - [Fundamental work on V.I. Lenin (on the publication of the 10th volume of the Biographical Chronicle)]. PMID- 7001739 TI - [Sepsis and septic shock]. PMID- 7001738 TI - [Sepsis ( a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7001740 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Roentgenology and Radiology of the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy]. PMID- 7001741 TI - [Fedor Petrovich Gaaz and his research in studying the therapeutic mineral springs of the Caucasus]. PMID- 7001742 TI - [A. S. Pushkin and M. Iu. Lermontov at the Caucasian Mineral Water spa (on the bicentennial of Pyatigorsk)]. PMID- 7001743 TI - [Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kraevskii (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 7001745 TI - [Assessment of endoscopic, cytological and histological diagnostic methods in stomach polyps]. AB - The results of endoscopic and morphological diagnostic methods for gastric polyps in 91 patients are analysed in detail. It is concluded that endoscopic examination makes it possible to reveal gastric polyps of any localization. However, to solve the problem of therapeutic policy it is necessary to examine the biopsy material from polyps, prior to their removal, both cytologically and histologically. This is due to the fact that small size polyps after endoscopic polypectomy are no longer suitable for morphological assay, whereas cytograms obtained from the transverse sections and surface of large polyps are equivalent diagnostically to cytograms of the biopsy specimens. PMID- 7001744 TI - [Comparison of the morphology of stomach, breast and lung cancer metastases to the lymph nodes]. AB - One hundred and fourty seven lymph nodes involved by metastases of the stomach, breast and lung cancer have been examined. It was found that in metastatic stomach cancer the PAS-reaction intensity is high, the mitotic level is low, the modal class of cells on the histogram is diploid. Breast cancer metastases are characterized by weak PAS-reaction, distinct stroma and cell reaction around the tumor, the prevalence of tetroploid nuclei on the histogram. In lung cancer metastases the PAS-positive substances are practically absent, the stroma and cell-reaction around the tumor is less distinct, the mitotic level is high, the number of hypodiploid nuclei on the histogram is 10.4%. Based on the data obtained histographically the author suggests a new criterion -- a coefficient of stability/a ratio of the diploid nuclei number to the number of the rest ones/ which allows a quantitative characterization of the intensity of the nuclei polymorphism in tumors. PMID- 7001746 TI - [Use of the Decatron gamma therapeutic apparatus in treating cervical cancer]. AB - Since August 1974 to November 1978 95 patients with cancer of the uterine servix were given high-dose-rate afterloading therapy which was carried out on a "Decatron" machine with a distant control. The dosage regimes in high-dose-rate afterloading therapy and in the routine intracavitary gamma therapy are reported. The immediate results of the treatment are shown comparatively as well as variations in the incidence of early and late radiation reactions. PMID- 7001748 TI - [Books and collected papers on oncology published in the 1st quarter of 1980]. PMID- 7001747 TI - [Formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in vivo and in the human environment]. PMID- 7001750 TI - [120th anniversary of the medical periodical press in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7001749 TI - Auto anti-M antibody following renal transplantation. AB - A 25-year-old man with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis developed an autoantibody with anti-M specificity following haemodialysis and renal transplantation. The patient's red cells typed as MN. The antibody was an IgM globulin which displayed marked dosage effect and variable pH dependence. The thermal range of reactivity extended to 37 degrees C. The stimulus for the production of the antibody is uncertain. PMID- 7001751 TI - [Case of severe cardialgia as a complication of insulin therapy]. PMID- 7001752 TI - [Quantitative determination of the infectivity of nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA on honeycomb moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae]. AB - The possibility of using honeycomb moth larvae for titration of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) infectious DNA and determinations of transfection effectiveness was studied. Honeycomb moth larvae were shown to be a sensitive system for NPV DNA titration. DEAE-dextran used as a protector increased NPV DNA infectivity 1000-fold, LD50 in this instance being 2 X 10(8) molecules per larva. The method of NPV DNA infectivity determinations by the number of larvae with polyhedreae in the fatty tissue is more sensitive than infectivity determinations by the number of dead larvae and permits titrations of low DNA concentrations. The curve of DNA titration in the presence of DEAE-dextran by the number of larvae with polyhedrae in the fatty tissue allows to quantitate native DNA within the range of 0.01 to 5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7001754 TI - [Use of the immunoperoxidase method for the rapid detection of togaviruses, orthopoxviruses and their antibodies]. AB - The successful application of the immunoperoxidase method of (IP) with light microscopy for rapid detection of certain togaviruses and orthopoxviruses and antibodies to them is described. A comparative evaluation of the IP and immunofluorescent (IF) method for these purposes was performed. The results indicate practically similar sensitivity and specificity of both methods. The detection of viral antigen directly depended upon the infective dose and time of examinations (within 4--12 hours postinoculation). In evaluating the IP method, however, the account should be taken of the fact that it does not require expensive equipment and therefore may be used in any practical laboratory or even under field conditions. Rapid detection of both viral antigens and antiviral antibody by this method opens approaches for its wide application in the future. PMID- 7001755 TI - [Devascularization in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 7001756 TI - [Detection of endotoxins in the blood serum and ascitic fluid in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7001753 TI - [Radial hemolysis reaction for the serodiagnosis of dengue fever]. PMID- 7001758 TI - [Surgery in ancient Rome at the time of Pompei's destruction]. PMID- 7001759 TI - [Bacterial flora of the nose and paranasal sinuses during inflammatory changes]. PMID- 7001757 TI - [Pathogenesis of cervical myelopathy]. PMID- 7001762 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 3-month-old baby]. PMID- 7001760 TI - [Angina pectoris caused by spasm of the coronary vessels]. PMID- 7001761 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in dumping syndrome]. PMID- 7001763 TI - [Neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies on (possible) mechanisms of peripheral stimulation analgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7001764 TI - [The clinical importance of glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) (author's transl)]. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin provides an integrative measure of long-term glycaemic levels and complements conventional glucose monitoring in the management of diabetes. The present study was determined to review nomenclature, biochemistry and the analytic methods available for measurement of HbA1. Clinical studies are reported that relate HbA1 concentrations to various parameters of glucose control, diabetes type and diabetes therapy. Moreover, this review considers nondiabetic disorders that are associated with falsely abnormal HbA1 levels and in addition, the value of HbA1 in predicting complications of diabetes and in the diagnosis of subclinical diabetes is discussed. PMID- 7001765 TI - [Clinical relevance of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - The Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, based on morphological, cytochemical and functional criteria, differentiates between lymphomas of low grade malignancy and high-grade malignancy, which are themselves subdivided into several distinct entities. The probability of survival, the symptomatology and some important laboratory parameters are described in 138 cases of malignant non Hodgkin's lymphomas, classified according to the Kiel classification. The results show that this classification has not only prognostic and clinical relevance, but also explains some uncommon clinical courses of malignant lymphomas. It is to be hoped that this classification will also promote further progress in therapy. PMID- 7001766 TI - [Replacement therapy with blood components in bone-marrow depression due to cytostatic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Intensive cytostatic treatment is associated with severe depression of bone marrow function, which requires treatment with specific replacement of blood components. Erythrocyte concentrates should be given "pure", without leucocytes and platelets, to prevent rapid alloimmunisation. Different separation techniques (intermittent flow and continuous flow centrifugation, double-bag platelet pheresis) provide platelet concentrates containing 2.0 to 10.0 X 10(11) platelets from a single donor. Immunization against HLA and specific antigens can be minimised by careful donor selection. Effective granulocyte support in granulocytic patients requires large doses of granulocytes given daily to compensate the deficit. PMID- 7001767 TI - [The clinical significance of the Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. AB - So-called "Philadelphia-positive acute leukaemias" require varied therapeutic management. Additional chromosome anomalies together with Ph1 indicate an acute transformation of a Philadelphia-positive disease, requiring "non-myelotoxic" treatment and new therapeutic approaches. By contrast, "de novo" acute leukaemias with a Ph1-positive karyotype should be treated with intensive chemotherapy for the induction and maintainance of remission. PMID- 7001768 TI - [Therapy of hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 7001769 TI - [Experience with endoscopic papillotomy (author's transl)]. AB - The results of 64 endoscopic papillotomies (EPT) are reported. When precautions are taken the EPT is a highly effective procedure of low risk. The minimal stress for the patient, the high accuracy and the low number of complications guarantee this method a prominent place in the treatment of bile duct illnesses. Control examinations of 30 patients to 12 months after operation proved all patients symptom-free and neither biochemical nor clinical evidence of cholangitis or other complications. PMID- 7001770 TI - [Hematogeneous metastases in small cell carcinoma of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - The autopsy findings in 202 cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung are analyzed. The distribution of hematogenous metastases is compared with the findings of other investigators. Summarizing the autopsy findings in 975 cases the incidence of metastases in liver, bone marrow, adrenals and brain is shown. The prophylactic brain irradiation as routine regimen in small cell carcinomas of the lung cannot really improve the results of treatment since only 25% of all cases have metastases in the brain. PMID- 7001773 TI - [An ideological problem in the reduction of infant mortality]. PMID- 7001772 TI - [Metabolic diseases in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 7001771 TI - [Virus hepatitis B in hemodialysis wards: ways of distribution and possibilities of their interruption (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt was made to describe differentiated problems in connection with virus hepatitis B in hemodialysis wards in a form as brief and precise as possible and to present some suggestions as to the elimination of this insidious disease. A through consideration of the hepatitis question yielding to a well established and legally sanctioned prevention concept would not only be of great importance to hemodialysis patients and their family members and the dialyses personnel but it would also play a great role for the protection of the general population. Finally, a statement by Baruch Blumberg (Nobel Price winner in Medicine, 1976) should visualize the universal importance of the hepatitis question once more: "If we succeeded in bringing hepatitis B under control, this would bring about a reduction of the rate of chronic liver diseases and of primary liver carcinoma." PMID- 7001775 TI - [Potential secondary effects in pollen-desensitization with mixed pollen-depot extracts in regards to foreign body granuloma (author's transl)]. AB - Desensibilitation as a causal therapy in Pollinosis gets increasing importance in the last decennium. The rate of successful results is reported with 50-80 per cent. In general the rate of secondary effects by this therapy is very low. By use of Aluminium oxide as a material of depot the possibility of producing strange body granuloma must be considered. Own experience in this case is reported. PMID- 7001774 TI - [Virological diagnostics of acute respiratory diseases]. AB - Considering mainly practical aspects, a review of available methods of virological diagnosis of acute respiratory diseases is given. The first part contains the elements of virological diagnostics, especially a description and valuation of rapid detection of virus using fluorescent antibodies, and of haemadsorption technique for rapid diagnosis. Moreover, methods of viral isolation (cell cultures, embryonated eggs), conventional serological tests (CFR, HAIT, NT), and recent, not yet generally applied serological techniques (passive haemagglutination, indirect fluorescent antibody technique, haemadsorption inhibition test, radial immunodiffusion, radial immunohaemolysis, radio immune assay, enzyme linked immune assay) are described and valued as diagnostic tools in viral diseases of respiratory system. The second part deals with the specific diagnostics of infections by influenza, parainfluenza, RS-, adeno-, corona-, and rhinoviruses. Special instructions for the application of available tests and for the interpretation of results are given. PMID- 7001777 TI - [Laudatio--Prof. Heinz Trenckmann 60 years]. PMID- 7001776 TI - [Value of the hormonal metabolic regulations in ischemic heart disease with respect to primary prophylaxis]. AB - The value of hormonal-metabolic regulations is not yet to be actually estimated for the ischaemic heart disease and the acute myocardial infarction in contrast to the haemodynmic and electrocardiographic data. Metabolic risk factors may favourably be influenced by preventive measures, such as physical training and nutrition, even though details of the multilayered pathogenetic mechanism still need clarification. For the relations between hormones and cardiovascular diseases the hormonal regulation interests among the load examinations in such a way as the molecular aspects of the hormonal effects. Methodically there exist still many problems concerning the generalizing evidence of the two functional areas. At cellular level the thyroid hormones influence the activity of the enzymes of the oxidative metabolism, the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein and thus the contractility of the myocardium. Preventive measures, above all a nutrition with a diet rich in linoic acid, have provable effect on the hormone concentration and regulation possibly by influence on the cell membrane, which may not yet be estimated in their significance for the prevention of the disease of heart and circulation and which need further clarification. PMID- 7001779 TI - [Autoantibodies in malignant tumors]. AB - Autoimmune phenomena are to be referred to the possible immune reactions of the host organism in malignant tumours. By means of the indirect immune fluorescence method in 95 sera of patients with tumours and a control group 0f 30 blood donors was sought for autoantibodies against mitochondria, nuclear factors, smooth musculature, myocardium, delomorphous cells. In the blood donors in one case autoantibodies against the myocardium could be proved, the tumor group, however, revealed positive findings of autoantibodies in 25 patients, which are statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the individual groups of diagnosis the acute myeloic leukaemia, the IgG-plasmocytoma and the cervical carcinoma showed a highly significant positive proof reaction compared with the control. The titres lie in their highest values at 1 : 64, in most cases at 1 : 16 and 1 : 32 and speak for an accompanying reaction are epiphenomenon. Autoantibodies against mitochondria were in no case found against smooth musculature in all positive groups. Apart from the absence of antibodies against delomorphous cells in gynaecological tumours the differentiation of types of autoantibodies do not show a reference to kind of tumour and localisation. The proof of autoantibodies in malignant tumours should be used for the judgment of the immune state PMID- 7001780 TI - [Cardiac pacemaker perforation of the transverse colon in the infected pacemaker system]. AB - While perforations of pacemakers outside due to infection or pressure necrosis are no rarity on account of the constantly rising number of patients, perforations into the abdominal cavity are rarely observed. All infectious complications make great demands on the surgical therapy and often demand manifold correction operations. It is reported on the case of a pacemaker perforation into the transverse colon. Our therapeutic principles in infections and perforations of pacemakers are shortly explained. PMID- 7001778 TI - [Early history of cardiological diagnostics]. AB - The history of modern cardiology begins with William Harvey, the history of cardiodiagnostics, however, with William Heberden and the inaugurators of percussion and auscultation. Nearly all methods needed a long initial period, before they stood the test as routine measures. The revision of positive judgments of their value became necessary whereever new methods entered into competition with techniques which proved their value for long years and which apparently could not be renounced. Up to now schemes of thinking remained characteristic for the heart, the historical basis of which was shown in the present paper. PMID- 7001781 TI - [Chronic gastritis]. AB - Chronic gastritis is a histological diagnosis, relying on separate biopsies from antral and fundic mucosa. According to Strickland type A gastritis corresponding to pernicious anemia should be differentiated from type B gastritis, maybe induced by duodeno-gastric reflux. Intensity of inflammatory infiltration and atrophy of the specific glands correlate by and large with acid secretion, however, not with alcohol or nicotine abuse or iron deficiency. Chronic atrophic gastritis may lead to gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type, in gastric ulcer patients localization of the ulcer crater is determined by the spread of gastritis. The histological diagnosis of chronic gastritis has no therapeutic consequences; however, in type A gastritis regular endoscopic follow-up studies in 2-5 year intervals seem advisable. PMID- 7001782 TI - [Insulin and glucagon secretion after occlusion of the pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7001785 TI - [Increase of horseradish peroxidase activity due to detergents]. PMID- 7001784 TI - [Methodical aspects of the ROTOP radioimmunoassay for radioimmunologic insulin determination in serum]. PMID- 7001783 TI - [Significance of immunofixation in the diagnosis of paraproteinemias]. PMID- 7001787 TI - Evolutionary significance of cerebral venous patterns in paleoprimatology. PMID- 7001789 TI - Ecological adaptations of the smaller fossil apes. PMID- 7001786 TI - Symposium: adaptive grades in the evolution of primates. PMID- 7001788 TI - Dental and cranial adaptations in Eocene Adapidae. PMID- 7001792 TI - Officers of Virginia specialty societies. PMID- 7001791 TI - [The most ancient mandible of a child found in France in the deposit bed of La Chaise de Vouthon (Abri Suard) in Charente]. PMID- 7001793 TI - The President's dilemma, 1919 (Woodrow Wilson). PMID- 7001795 TI - [Parameters for the etiopathogenetic differentiation of post-transplantation hypertension]. PMID- 7001794 TI - Cold weather dentistry: a review. PMID- 7001790 TI - Dryopithecus and adaptations in Miocene great apes. PMID- 7001796 TI - [Most important stages in the development of the teachings of the academician E.N. Pavlovskii concerning the natural foci of disease]. PMID- 7001797 TI - [Current status of the problem of tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 7001798 TI - [Chief results of Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever (epidemic pseudotuberculosis) research]. PMID- 7001801 TI - [Improved retention of complete maxillary prosthesis with intramucosal anchors]. PMID- 7001802 TI - [Prosthetic equilization by block changes of the suprastructure]. PMID- 7001800 TI - [Development and differentiation of operative therapy for urologic patients at St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, over the last 65 years]. AB - After a short survey of the historical development of urology in general and especially in the county hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, urological operation teams were represented since the existence of the hospital. Their differentiation and changing are discussed in comparison to the international trend. PMID- 7001799 TI - [130th anniversary of I. P. Pavlov (introductory speech to the First Pavlovian Readings]. PMID- 7001803 TI - Suitability of the modified API 20 C, Mycotube and Bacto-Candida-albicans Antiserum for the identification of yeasts in the routine laboratory. AB - In a clinical routine study 304 yeasts were examined with the aid of API 20 C Auxanogram (Analytab Products Inc.) Mycotube (Roche) and Bacto-Candida-albicans Antiserum (Difco) (=CAA). API (in parenthesis the result of the Mycotube test) identified 99% (92.4%) correctly; without considering C. albicans, the result was correct in 96.5% (75.8%). The CAA indicated a high specificity against C. albicans. For the Routine Laboratory we recommend screening of all yeasts with the CAA; an additional morphological examination is also recommended as cross reactions with C.tropicalis and Torulopsis species are found. The non agglutinating yeasts can then be further examined with the API 20 C. PMID- 7001804 TI - [A contribution to the technique of immunofluorescence in leptospirosis (author's transl)]. AB - Mono- and polyvalent FITC-conjugates were prepared for detection of leptospires in artifically infected material. The organisms were concentrated by centrifugation and fixed onto glass slides after they had been mixed with serum or egg albumin. By this method, leptospires were detected down to a concentration of 10(2)-10(4) organisms/ml. PMID- 7001806 TI - [Chemical and biological properties of revertants derived from a Salmonella typhimurium Rd1-mutant (author's transl)]. AB - Two S-form-revertant strains were isolated from a S. typhimurium Rd1 culture on account of their phage resistance. In microbiological and serological (O agglutination) characterization - as well as in stability tests (agglutination in auramin and saline and heating at 100 degrees C) - the behaviour of the two strains was the same as that of the wild type. The two strains were found to be indistinguishable from the wild type strain also with respect to the chemical composition of their lipopolysaccharides. Thus the amount and proportion of fatty acids and sugar residues as well as the number of repeating units in the O-chain were all identical. In contrast, the isolated revertants were similar to the Rd1 mutant with respect to their auxotrophic markers methionine and tryptophane, to the absence of flagella as well as to the reduced content of cyclopropane fatty acids (C17, C19). Protein analysis revealed no significant qualitative or quantitative differences between the wild type strain and the two revertants with respect to the major proteins of their outer membranes. The sensitivity of the revertants to crystal violet, erythromycin and rifamycin SV was intermediate between the wild type and the Rd1 mutant. Their temperature maximum in nutrient broth was 43 degrees C, the retardation in growth at this temperature corresponding to that of the Rd1 mutant. At 37 degrees C, however, the growth rate of the revertants was identical to that of the wild-type, while that of the Rd1 mutant was slower. Addition of sodium chloride to the growth medium rendered the temperature dependent behaviour of the mutants and revertants similar to that of the wild type. Studies in NMRI mice revealed that the revertants, also with regard to their virulence, occupy an intermediate position between the mutant and the wild type. Nevertheless their ability to afford protection to Salmonella typhimurium infection following active immunization with acetone killed cells was as high as that of the wild type. The results show that the biologic behaviour of S. typhimurium is determined by the type of lipopolysaccharide it contains but also to a large extent by other cell-wall constituents. PMID- 7001805 TI - [K antigen, colonization factor antigen, dulcitol fermentation, and hemolysin production in E. coli rough strains isolated from urine specimens (author's transl)]. AB - E. coli rough strains (as determined by spontaneous agglutination of in boiled saline suspension) isolated in significant amounts (>10(5)/ml) from from patients with urinary tract infections were investigated for some factors possibly related to virulence. The frequencies of capsular antigen, colonization factor antigen (CFA I), dulcitol fermentation, and hemolysin production are summarized in table 1. 270 (66.2%) out of 408 strains were found to be encapsulated as determined by the inagglutinability of the living strains in saline. 180 (44.1%) strains were able to ferment dulcitol, and evidence for hemolysin production could be demonstrated in 146 (35.8%) strains. The CFA I (demonstrated by a mannose resistant hemagglutination of human red blood cells) was detected in 62 (15.2%) of the E. coli rough strains tested. The frequency of single properties in the presence or absence of capsular antigen is shown in table 2 demonstrating no significant differences in both groups. The most frequent single factor was found to be the capsular antigen with 22.1%, followed by the double combination capsular antigen/dulcitol fermentation (16.7%), dulcitol fermentation alone (10%), and capsular antigen/hemolysin production (9.8%). There were only 5 strains possessing all four factors tested. On the other hand we found 35 (8.6%) rough strains with none of the properties. Some aspects of virulence of E. coli rough strains are discussed. PMID- 7001807 TI - Influence of D,L-ureidosuccinic acid dihydrazide on some biological properties of Pseudomonas pseudomallei and of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The changes induced in strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei and Salmonella typhimurium under the action of D.L-ureidosuccinic acid dihydrazide were characterized. A decrease of the speed of multiplication in vitro and of the oxygen consumption was established. The virulence of the strains was reduced and their susceptibility to phagocytosis in vitro was increased. PMID- 7001809 TI - Bactericidal properties of lysosomal proteins obtained from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) examined in vitro. I. Characteristics of obtained fractions of lysosomal proteins. AB - In the present investigation the fractions obtained from lysosomal proteins of human peripheral blood granulocytes were analysed morphologically. In the analysis a column with DEAE-cellulose and ultracentrifugation in stepwise saccharose were employed. Electro-microscopic examinations of every fraction of lysosomes pointed to their morphological differences; the highest contents of lysosomal bags was noted in fraction number III. Correlations between activity of "indicatory" enzymes and content of protein and bactericidal activity in four studied fractions were discovered. PMID- 7001808 TI - [Investigations and review of literature relating to carcinogenesis. I. Communication: Cancer from asbestos, schistosomiasis, and cicatrization (author's transl)]. AB - This review covers the following aspects: Cancer associated with asbestos and other fibers: Epidemiology. - Cancer types and location (mesothelioma; bronchogenic carcinoma; cancer of the upper respiratory tract; abdominal cancer). - Experimental asbestos cancer. - Other kinds of fibers and cancer (wool and cotton; glass; talc; others). - Cancer determining or influencing factors (individual predisposition; species susceptibility; type of material; shape and size of fibers; smoking). - Preneoplastic signs in man (fibrosis; ferruginous bodies; pleural plaques; milky spots). - Preneoplastic development in animals. - Fiber effects on cell cultures (macrophages; fibroblasts). Cancer associated with schistosomiasis: Epidemiology. - Patient age and cancer latency. - Pathology. - Foreign body reaction and preneoplastic development. Scar cancer. Foreign body cancer: In man. - Experimental (species differences in susceptibility; individual genetic differences in tumor incidence and latency; influence of sex, age, nutrition; tumor histopathology and ultrastructure; tumor growth, invasiveness, metastases, transplantability, immunology; search for tumor viruses). - Properties of foreign body materials in relation to tumorigenicity (chemical and physical properties; size and shape; surface properties; porosity). - Investigations and findings concerning the origin of foreign body sarcomas (the foreign body reaction; search for foci of tumor origin; an analytical method; monoclonal tumor origin; heterogenicity of carcinogenic events; surface dependency; identification of originator cells; time and location of the emergence of tumor originator cells; the carcinogenic initiation event; surface independent and dependent preneoplastic maturation; the carcinogenic role of the foreign body). - Earlier hypotheses and theories in the light of new experimental findings. The results of experimental foreign body tumorigenesis in relation to foreign body-, asbestos-, schistosomiasis-, and scar-cancer in man. (Common factors of promotion; differences regarding induction mechanisms, cells of origin, latencies, frequencies; immune defense). Consequences for prevention: Asbestos cancer. - Fiber cancer. - Schistosomiasis cancer. - Foreign body cancer (assessing the peril in man; testing of materials for carcinogenicity; recommendations). PMID- 7001811 TI - [Detection of Legionnaire's disease inside the USSR]. PMID- 7001810 TI - Bactericidal properties of lysosomal proteins obtained from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) examined in vitro. II. Morphological estimation of cells treated with lysosomal proteins. AB - The present paper is concerned with the action of lysosomal proteins isolated from granulocytes of human peripheral blood on Gram-plus and Gram-minus bacteria. Differences in bacterial sensitivity to these proteins were found. The highest bactericidal activity was observed while bacteria from Staphylococcus and Escherichia were treated with lysosomal proteins. No structural changes in cells of bacteria from Streptococcus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were observed. The sensitive bacteria cell walls underwent destruction mainly but changes also concerned cytoplasma which was destroyed. PMID- 7001812 TI - [Spontaneous leukocyte agglomeration and local hemolysis (plaque formation) reactions in viral hepatitis and the effects of different types of pathogenetic therapy on them]. PMID- 7001813 TI - [Fatty acid composition of bacteria of the Klebsielleae tribe as a taxonomic marker]. PMID- 7001814 TI - [Adsorption electron microscopic autoradiography in bacterial metabolic research]. PMID- 7001815 TI - [Technic of studying microorganism viability in a simulated aerosol state on fiberglass microfilaments]. AB - A specially developed method of studying the viability of microorganisms in the simulated aerosol state on glass microfibers was used to show that the survival rate of E. coli and F. tularensis on fiber-glass spheres was similar to that in true aerosol, as observed in a static aerosol chamber. The proposed method allows to study the viability of microbial cells after prolonged existence in aerosol under any environmental condition both in open spaces and closed rooms. PMID- 7001816 TI - [Effect of antigen dose on the course of experimental mycogenic sensitization]. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized with different doses of homogenous Candida albicans cells introduced by 3 subcutaneous injections at intervals of 2--3 days. The allergic rearrangement in the animal body thus induced was found to depend on the dose of the preparation injected into the animals: the lowest dose of the antigen (0.1 mg) induced immediate allergic reaction, and doses 5--10 times higher induced double rearrangement i.e. immediate and delayed reactions. PMID- 7001817 TI - [Study of the clinical features of psychopathy-like schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence]. AB - As a result of comparing the clinical course in 230 cases with psychopathlike schizophrenia, followed up on an average for 10 years, with 600 cases of psychopathies which are formed in adolescents, basic clinical characteristics, differentiating the first group from the second were detected and described. Age associated time-course of morbid disorders in psychopathlike schizophrenia with an early onset, depending upon age crisis and phases of pubertal period was demonstrated. With the aid of special programmes, designed to solve the question of classification by a computer, a combination of factors comprising an optimal diagnostic complex for psychopathlike schizophrenia in adolescence was demonstrated. PMID- 7001818 TI - [50th anniversary of the Logopedic Day Care Center at Children's Psychiatric Hospital No. 6]. PMID- 7001819 TI - [Ileal autoplasty of a sclerotic urinary bladder in the presence of a traumatic spinal cord lesion]. AB - The authors elaborated an operation--enterocystoplasty combined with direct and transcutaneous electric stimulation of the artificial urinary bladder in its sclerosis (contracted urinary bladder) in patients with affection of the spinal cord. The results of 21 operations with follow-up periods of 9 years are discussed. Three patients died. The results in the remaining patients were good: the act of urination was restored, the urge to urinate reappeared, and the ability to hold the urine was restored. The restoration of the act of urination was conducive to preservation of the renal function and made it possible to change the patients to a vertical position and develop the habit of walking. PMID- 7001820 TI - [Stereotaxic thalamotomy in the phantom pain syndrome]. AB - The results of stereotaxic thalamotomy in 18 patients suffering from a severe phantom-pain syndrome are described. It is shown that to achieve a more stable analgetic effect and a reduced emotional background of pain perception it is expedient, parallel with the destruction of the somatotopic zones of the relay posterior ventral nucleus, which have a bearing on pains in the phantom, to also exclude the non-specific afferent systems of the thalamus, that is, the median center, bordering nucleus and oroventral part of the cushion of the optic thalamus. The effects of the electrostimulation of these structures of the thalamus are described in the process of their intraoperational physiological identification. It is shown that the combined destruction of specific and non specific afferent structures of the optic thalamus in most cases ensures a considerable diminution or disappearance of phantom pain permitting patients to readapt themselves to normal everyday life. PMID- 7001821 TI - Reconstructive procedures after breast cancer surgery. AB - In reconstructive surgery after mastectomy or major resections of the chest wall, the greater omentum and the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap are very reliable procedures. The greater omentum, covered with skin grafts, allows reconstruction of large defects and is a very protective buffer. The latissimus dorsi flap as a compound muscle skin flap is the treatment of choice for cosmetic reconstruction after mastectomy. PMID- 7001822 TI - The role of the liver in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in man. PMID- 7001824 TI - Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the newborn. PMID- 7001823 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism after accidental injuries. PMID- 7001825 TI - The value of ethanol as a fixative in urinary cytology. AB - Although 50% ethanol is widely used as a fixative in urinary cytology, the value of this procedure has received little systematic analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the preservative qualities of 50% ethanol when added to freshly collected urine for both immediate and delayed processing. The results indicate that: (1) degenerative changes occurring in vivo are common among urothelial cells and probably represent the single most important factor in cell preservation in voided urine; (2) with few exceptions, fresh, unfixed urine yields the greatest number of well-preserved cells; and (3) reconstitution in either saline or 25% ethanol-saline and 24-hour storage result in increased cellular degeneration. For Millipore filter preparations, the addition of 50% ethanol has no apparent advantage, even when processing must be delayed for several hours. PMID- 7001826 TI - Fine needle aspiration and endoscopic brush cytology: comparison of direct smears and rinsings. AB - When cellular samples obtained by endoscopic brushings and by fine needle aspirations were prepared by the direct smear thechnique, 22% were unsatisfactory due to scantiness of the cellular sample, air drying of the cells or bloodiness of the specimens. To improve diagnostic accuracy, an additional specimen was prepared by rinsing the brush or needle in a balanced salt solution, from which cells were recovered by membrane filtration. The combination of direct smears and rinsings decreased our unsatisfactory rate to 2% and increased our diagnosis rate for malignant neoplasms by 24%. PMID- 7001827 TI - Statistical comparison of aerosol-induced and spontaneous sputum specimens in the Tyler Asbestos Workers Program. AB - More than 10,000 sputum specimens, including both aerosol-induced and three-day pooled spontaneous specimens, were processed within a five-year period from a surveillance program of a cohort of 858 former asbestos workers and 188 controls. During the first two years, slides were prepared by the "pick and smear" method; thereafter, the Saccomanno technique was used. Each specimen was examined for both the degree of cellular atypia and the number of ferruginous bodies. Data analysis revealed that the number of ferruginous bodies in the spontaneous specimens showed a higher correlation with chest X rays and pulmonary function tests than did those in aerosol-induced specimens. Consequently, a study was undertaken to compare the results of all aerosol-induced and spontaneous cough specimens prepared by the pick and smear and Saccomanno methods. Matched pairs of specimens from the same individuals were also compared. More specimens with atypias were obtained from the spontaneous sputa using the Saccomanno technique. More ferruginous bodies were found in the aerosol-induced specimens using the pick and smear method. The pick and smear method was more effective for detecting ferruginous bodies in both induced and spontaneous specimens. PMID- 7001828 TI - Effects of chronic hypocalcaemia on plasma renin activity in man. PMID- 7001829 TI - Immunochemical demonstration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in tissue of breast carcinoma. AB - Immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was found in 9 of 65 surgically removed malignant breast tumours. The concentrations found ranged from 5 to greater than 500 mIU hCG/g tumour. Of the nine, seven extracts were assayed for total protein content; when expressed as mIU/mg extract protein, the hCG concentrations ranged from 0.28 - > 18.2 mIU/mg protein. Comparison of oestrogen receptor and hCG presence in the tumours showed no strong correlation. All tumours in which hCG was detected were shown to be of ductal origin. The hCG was measured by a beta-chain specific radioimmunoassay which measures only hCG even in the presence of high levels of other gonadotrophin hormones. In further study of these specimens an immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to stain for hCG in formalin-fixed sections of the same tumours assayed by RIA. This technique confirmed hCG in the positive specimens examined (tissue was available for 7 of the 8 positives) and no significant staining in any negatives. The hCG was shown to be localized within the cytoplasm and on the surface of the malignant cells but not in surrounding normal cells. This intracellular localization demonstrates that the malignant cells may produce hCG, rather than stimulating the pituitary to do so. PMID- 7001830 TI - Glucose tolerance, growth hormone and somatomedin levels in osteosarcoma patients. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin response to glucose, the sensitivity of the periphery to insulin as well as growth hormone and somatomedin levels were determined in osteosarcoma patients and control subjects matched by age, sex, weight an length. The insulin response to glucose and the peripheral sensitivity to insulin were evaluated by using the individual blood glucose and plasma insulin curves for parameter identification in a mathematical model. The mean glucose tolerance was significantly decreased in the patients, most likely due to decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity. Plasma growth hormone levels were normal in all patients which was also the case with somatomedin levels determined by both radioreceptor- and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7001833 TI - The inability of angiotensin II infusions to raise plasma vasopressin levels in haemodialysis patients. AB - Since it has previously been claimed that angiotensin II (AII) stimulates vasopressin (AVP) secretion, the effect of AII-infusions was studied in 1) 6 normals, 2) 5 non-nephrectomized haemodialysis (HD) patients, and 3) 6 nephrectomized HD patients. In dialysis patients the infusion rate was increased step-wise from 2-12 ng AII/kg bw x min-1 and was terminated if diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased more than 20 mmHg. Normals were infused at a constant rate of 4 ng AII/kg bw x min-1. In all the groups significant increments in BP and plasma aldosterone occurred while plasma renin activity decreased. The plasma vasopressin level was unchanged in normals, while in the two groups of dialysis patients a minor decrease was found. The present study has therefore not been able to confirm a stimulating effect of a physiological dose of AII on AVP secretion, and the results in anephric patients indicate that a normal plasma AII concentration is of no importance for the plasma AVP level. PMID- 7001832 TI - Insulin secretory reserve in insulin dependent patients at time of diagnosis and the first 180 days of insulin treatment. AB - Eleven newly diagnosed insulin dependent patients were studied before and during the first 16 h after start of insulin treatment. All the patients were found to have significant amounts of C-peptide in plasma indicating residual insulin secretion. The fall in blood glucose after start of insulin therapy was followed by a parallel decrease in C-peptide (R = 0.99, P < 0.01) suggesting that the beta cells may respond to variation in blood glucose. Eight of the patients were studied 1, 4, 7, 14, 90 and 180 days after start of insulin therapy. During the first 90 days of treatment an increasing maximal C-peptide concentration was found after a standard breakfast test meal. Two thirds of this improvement i beta cell function was found after the initial 14 days with an average increase in maximal C-peptide of 260 per cent. The sensitivity to glucose improved. PMID- 7001831 TI - Effect of age on plasma aldosterone response to exogenous angiotensin II in normotensive subjects. PMID- 7001834 TI - Transplantation in patients with diabetic nephropathy. AB - In juvenile--onset diabetes uremia is the main cause of death. Since 1972 until Oct. 1979 a total of 47 diabetics have been transplanted in Gothenburg, of these 40 were juvenile--onset diabetics without concomitant renal disease. Twenty-four were male and 16 female. The diabetic nephropathy was not an isolated phenomenon. Complications from other organs were present parallel with the kidney disease. Hypertension was present in 39 of 40 patients before transplantation. Most patients have been transplanted in terminal uremic stage, 21 were on dialysis. The overall mortality at the end of the observation period was 33% but during the later part, that is from 1976 onwards only 2 out of 26 transplanted patients have died so far (8%). Fourteen of these 26 patients were grafted with kidneys from living related donors compared to one of fourteen during the first period. This may be one of the main reasons to the improved results during the last years. PMID- 7001836 TI - Hemoglobin A1c as an indicator of long term blood glucose levels in diabetics with special reference to diabetic pregnancy. AB - Hemoglobin A1c in diabetics has been shown to be an index of average blood glucose levels in the preceding 1-2 months. We confirm this relationship in a group of 12 insulin-treated diabetics and extend it to 16 pregnant insulin treated patients as well. Lower levels of HbA1c in pregnancy could be explained by better control. In an ongoing sequential study of 5 pregnant diabetics home monitoring their blood glucose, we have an impression, that this relationship holds true for individual patients. If this is confirmed, the level of glycosylated hemoglobins in pregnancy may be used as a warning signal for deterioration of glucose control in out-patients. PMID- 7001835 TI - Autonomic neuropathy: cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic studies. AB - In order to elucidate the physiological significance of autonomic neuropathy in juvenile diabetics, cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic functions have been investigated in three groups of juvenile diabetics: One group had no signs of neuropathy, one group had presumably slight autonomic neuropathy (reduced beat-to beat variation in heart rate during hyperventilation) and one group had clinically severe autonomic neuropathy, defined by presence of orthostatic hypotension. In all three experimental situations we found sympathetic dysfunction causing cardiovascular and/or hormonal maladjustments in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Regarding metabolic functions we found normal responses to graded exercise and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with autonomic neuropathy in spite of blunted catecholamine responses, suggesting increased sensitivity of glycogen stores and adipose tissue towards the action of catecholamine in patients with autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7001837 TI - The influence of supervision and endogenous insulin secretion on the course of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - In order to study the importance of out-patients' supervision on survival, a prospective study of 1061 juvenile diabetics was performed. After the first hospitalization at the Steno Memorial Hospital 5.3 +/- 4.5 years after the onset of diabetes, this population of diabetics was divided into two comparable groups by their own practitioners. One group (n = 525) was referred for further out patient supervision to the out-patient clinic, the other group (n = 536) was not. 96.7% of the patients were followed at least 25 years. A highly significant increased survival was seen in patients seen in 4-5 times a year at the diabetic out-patient clinic. Death from ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and suicide was significantly higher in the group not referred for further out-patient control, and death in uremia occured earlier in this group. Juvenile diabetics with long standing diabetes and persisting endogenous insulin secretion evaluated on the basis of C-peptide examination had significantly less severe retinopathy and nephropathy than comparable patients without endogenous insulin secretion, and survival of juvenile diabetics with clinical indications of persisting endogenous insulin secretion seems not to be different from non-diabetics. PMID- 7001838 TI - Glipizide and hepatic glycogenolysis. AB - Glipizide, a new sulfonylurea recently introduced for the treatment of diabetes, was studied to check its possible extrapancreatic effects. Rats were given a subcutaneous injection of 1 g/kg glucosamine: this dose caused marked hyperglycemia and a decrease in hepatic glycogen, but does not alter blood insulin levels. Pretreatment with i.v. dose of 37.5 microgram/kg glipizide 1 hour before the glucosamine load, significantly inhibits the hyperglycemia and the decrease of hepatic glycogen. This dose of glipizide does not affect blood sugar levels, although it does induce a transient rise in insulin secretion, which lasts no more than 10 minutes after administration. Since glucosamine was administered 1 hour after the sulfonylurea by which time the interference of insulin was no longer felt, it may be concluded that in the experiment described, glipizide seems to have some other action apart from stimulating insulin secretion. PMID- 7001840 TI - Regulation of the number of insulin receptors in human fat cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that the ambient insulin concentration can regulate the number of insulin receptors. The concept implies that hyperinsulinemia may cause a reduced receptor number and cellular insulin resistance. The possible importance of this concept on the mode of treatment of diabetics was studied. Five insulin-dependent diabetics were studied under metabolic ward conditions while treated with one dose of long-acting insulin or with smaller amounts of short-acting insulin 30 min before meals. Adipose tissue samples were taken on each regime. The number of insulin receptors were increased in all subjects on the short-acting regime and this was coupled with an increased insulin sensitivity in the adipocytes. One probable reason for this finding is that the insulin levels were higher during the long-acting regime leading to an attenuated number of insulin receptors. The data show that short-acting insulin taken repeatedly in connection with meals leads to a more normal state and an increased peripheral insulin sensitivity as compared to a regime of one dose of long-acting insulin. PMID- 7001839 TI - Influence of glipizide on hepatic and peripheral insulin exchange after glucose administration. AB - Hepatic insulin uptake was studied in five patients with portal catheters introduced through the umbilical vein remnant for diagnostic purposes. Glipizide (1,5 mg) was given intravenously followed one hour later by 20 g glucose intravenously and blood samples were drawn simultanously from the portal vein and a hepatic vein. The areas under the curves describing portal insulin and hepatic insulin were calculated. The ratio of (portal insulin area -- hepatic insulin area) /portal insulin area after glucose injection exceeded that after glipizide injection (p < 0.05). This finding indicates a greater fractional hepatic extraction of insulin after glucose than after glipizide. Healthy subjects were given 100 g glucose perorally and blood samples were drawn simultanously from a radial artery and an antecubital vein for one hour. In all cases a net insulin uptake was observed during the whole observation period. The subjects were restudied given 1.5 mg intravenously one hour before glucose administration. This time less insulin was taken up by the forearm tissues after the glucose load and in one subject insulin in venous blood samples exceeded that in corresponding arterial blood samples. It is concluded that glipizide when given before a glucose load affects the uptake of insulin by peripheral tissues during the glucose load. PMID- 7001841 TI - Effect of glipizide on muscle metabolism in vitro. AB - This paper contains the results of further investigation on the possible extrapancreatic activity of glipizide. An in vitro method, using isolated rat diaphragm was selected. Muscle uptake of C14 glucose and output of labelled CO2, were measured. Insulin was used as the reference substance. The results of our experiments indicate that there is a qualitative difference in the effects of the two experimental situations. However, from these findings it may be assumed that glipizide facilitates the uptake and metabolism of glucose in muscle, thus demonstrating an extrapancreatic effect, which contributes to the hypoglycemic activity of the drug. PMID- 7001843 TI - Acute effects of acetylsalicylic acid on blood glucose and insulin in non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - Two groups of diabetic patients--one treated with diet and glipizide and the other with diet alone--volunteered in the study. After a standard meal blood glucose and insulin were followed for four hours during two separate days. On the first day the patients received their ordinary treatment, whereas on the second 1 g of acetylsalicylic acid was added before the test meal. In both groups an enhanced insulin mobilization was observed, when acetylsalicylic acid has been added. A decrease of the blood sugar level was recorded as well. The latter was however less pronounced in the group of subjects receiving only diet. PMID- 7001842 TI - Effects of glipizide on the insulin production by isolated mouse pancreatic islets. AB - Glipizide was found to stimulate the insulin release from isolated mouse pancreatic islets incubated at 5.5 mM glucose. The rate of insulin biosynthesis under similar conditions was, however, markedly depressed except at the lowest glipizide concentration tested (5 ng/ml), where the drug stimulated insulin secretion but was without effect on the biosynthetic rate. The inhibition of insulin biosynthesis was also observed in experiments with islets maintained in tissue culture, despite the fact that insulin accumulation in the culture medium was increased throughout the culture period. The present data suggest that glipizide has a transient beta-cytotropic effect, which could suggest that extra pancreatic factors may be involved in the long-term therapeutic action of the drug. PMID- 7001844 TI - [The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - An acute pancreatitis is possible, both in a hitherto healthy organ (mainly together with gallstones) and in a chronically danaged gland (maily together with alcoholism). Toxic damage of the pancreas is found in hypercalcemic states and with drugs. It is unknown what directly induces acute inflammation in the pancreas. The pathophysiological consequences of acute pancreatitis are mainly volume deficiency and shock, renal failure, pulmonary insufficiency, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and blood clotting. Prognosis of acute pancreatitis is difficult to evaluate. Clinical findings and laboratory parameters are utilized together to judge the presumable course of the disease. PMID- 7001845 TI - [Surgical therapy of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical therapy of acute pancreatitis is indicated only in necrotising inflammation. The indication, moment and choice of operation are discussed. The results of surgery in 71 patients treated because of acute necrotising pancreatitis are demonstrated. In cases of necrotising lethality was 26.5%; in total necrotising 86.5%. PMID- 7001846 TI - [Complications of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 35.392 necropsies, 270 cases of acute "tryptic" pancreatitis with severity degrees II and III, are compared with regards to frequency, sex- and age distribution, and etiology. The frequency of complications in our own cases, is compared with current literature. The average survival time was 13 days. With regard to the most favourable time for partial resection of the pancreas ( necrosis), the period during the 5th to 7th day of illness, is suggested. The most common cause of death was, shock and intoxication. PMID- 7001847 TI - [Social profile and accompanying diseases in acute and chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - 200 patients with pancreatitis were examined for various concomitant and previous diseases, and socioeconomic factors, in a retrospective study. This pancreatitis group (PG) was compared with a control group (CG) of 250 patients. Most frequent amongst the etiological factors, were biliary diseases, especially a state after cholecystectomy. Second in rank, was chronic alcoholism. For women, the incidence was highest in the 7th decade; for men, there was a double peak in the 4th and 6th decade, respectively. The incidence was about equal for both sexes. The following factors were found to play no essential role in the PG: type of profession, cigarette consumption, gastric and/or duodenal ulcers, partial gastric resection, renal and cardiac insufficiency, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis of hypertriglyceridemia. There is a significant accumulation of mumps in the history of the PG, which had gone along without any clinically detectable affection of the pancreas in childhood, in practically all cases. PMID- 7001848 TI - Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. I. Clinical and histological observations. AB - Experimental transmission of subacute spongiform encephalopathy from three human cases to small rodents is reported. The first case with atypical CJD with spongiform change, kuru plaques, and leukomalacia was transmitted directly to mice, rats, and guinea pigs and indirectly to hamsters and Mongolian gerbils through rats. From two other typical SSE cases the disease was also successfully transmitted; from he second case to mice and rats, and from the third case to guinea pigs. Brain showed the highest infectivity; the spleen, liver, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of diseased animals were also infective. Intracerebral inoculation was the route for the fastest transmission, followed by intrathecal, intraperitoneal, submucosal, and subcutaneous routes. The incubation periods and clinical features were characteristic in each inoculated species and did not vary within several passages, except for the shortening of incubation period from the first to the second passage. Histologically, a marked spongy state and proliferation of astrocytes were observed in all diseased animals, though the distribution of the lesion was peculiar to each species. The severe lesion in the white matter in mice was similar to that seen in mice inoculated with scrapie and also to that seen in the first case. PMID- 7001849 TI - Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. II. Ultrastructural study of spongy state in the gray and white matter. AB - Light and electron microscopic findings of spongy state in four species of small rodents, viz, mice, rats, Mongolian gerbils, and guinea pigs, are described. The spongy state existed in both gray and white matter; its intensity varied in each species, and in the gray matter corresponded to vacuoles within the neuropil. They were of two types; one was the true vacuoles within neurites, and the other was markedly swollen cell processes, some of which were also identified as neurites. In the white matter, the spongy state corresponded mainly to distension of the myelin sheaths, due to splitting of the major dense line or swelling of the inner loop, and partly to intra-axonal vacuoles. In mice before appearance of clinical symptoms, the vacuolation occurred first in the cerebral white matter 5 weeks after inoculation and in the cerebral cortex at 7 weeks. The occurrence and development of the vacuoles are discussed. PMID- 7001851 TI - Occurrence of lymphocytes in the cortical neuropil in a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - A 51-year-old woman suffering from visual disturbances, ataxia, spasticity, myoclonic jerks, and mental disturbances died completely demented after a 4-month course of the disease. The EEG showed typical diffuse triphasic sharp and slow wave complexes. Histopathologic studies displaying spongiform changes in the gray matter, neuronal loss, and atrogliosis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Electron-microscopic investigations revealed the occurrence of lymphocytes in the cortical neuropil. PMID- 7001850 TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of neurofibrillary tangles induced by mitotic spindle inhibitors. AB - Neurofibrillary tangles were induced in the motor neurons of the rabbit spinal cord by the intrathecal injection of colchicine, vinblastine, and vincristine. The tangles stained intensely by immunofluorescence and by the peroxidase-anti peroxidase procedure using neurofilament antisera raised against chicken brain antigen, as previously reported for aluminum-induced neurofibrillary tangles. No immunohistochemical reactivity could be demonstrated between the tangles and a 150,000 dalton bovine neurofilament antiserum, although the adjacent axons were intensely stained in cryostat sections of the spinal cord. PMID- 7001852 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignant lymphoma of the brain in a patient with immunosuppressive therapy. AB - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignant lymphoma of the brain were noted at postmortem examination in a 68-year-old white woman who was treated with immunosuppressive agents after renal transplantation. The two diseases are not uncommon in patients with immunodeficiency, but their occurrence in the same patient is extremely rare. This association suggests the oncogenicity of papova viruses in man. However, no papovavirus was demonstrated in the tumor by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The immunohistochemical staining of routine histology sections for the common antigen of polyomaviruses by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique is shown to be simple and specific for the detection of polyomaviruses in the demyelinated areas of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PMID- 7001853 TI - Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein in central nervous system lesions of tuberous sclerosis. AB - The distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the central nervous system (CNS) lesions of tuberous sclerosis (TS) was examined using antiserum against GFAP and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method of Sternberger. In cortical tubers there were islands of gemistocytic astrocytes staining intensely for GFAP and occasional giant cells having some cytoplasmic staining. The majority of the cortical giant cells had no GFAP. The islands were separated by areas devoid of astrocytes with perikaryal staining. A faintly staining fibrous network was found between these islands. The majority of cells in the subependymal nodules stained. The retinal phakoma stained but not as intensely as the subependymal nodules. There was no staining whatsoever in the giant cell subependymal tumors. Absence of GFAP staining in the subependymal giant cell tumors makes their classification as astrocytomas less certain. PMID- 7001854 TI - The effect of dietary sodium in infancy on blood pressure and related factors. Studies of infants fed salted and unsalted diets for five months at eight months and eight years of age. AB - The results of animal and epidemiological studies suggest commercially salted infant foods may predipose infants to hypertension. Testing this hypothesis, two groups of black male infants were fed identical foods with and without added salts for 5 months starting at 3 months of age. These diets, which provided 1.93+/-0.10 and 9.25+/-0.05 mEq Na/100 kcal, did not result in a significant difference in blood pressure at 8 months or 8 years of age. Blood pressure was significantly correlated with weight factors, particularly at 8 years, but not with Na intake, Na or Na/K excretion or plasma renin at 8 months. Significantly increased sodium and potassium excretion was noted on the salted diet and significantly increased aldosterone excretion was noted on the unsalted diet. A 6% expansion in extra-cellular fluid volume for the high sodium group was statistically significant but was not correlated with blood pressure or urine volume and did not result in edema or increased weight. There was no indication that the salted foods imprinted a preference for salt at 8 years. It was concluded that a salt intake representing the 99th percentile of sodium intake by U.S. infants in 1969 had no hypertensive effect in infancy or at 8 years of age. Nor did it imprint a preference for salt at 8 years. PMID- 7001855 TI - Proteinuria after selective nephroangiography in man. Comparison of three contrast media. AB - The proteinuria following aortography and selective nephroangiography in 60 patients using Isopaque Cerebral, Urografin 60% and Amipaque was investigated. The results indicate an increase in glomerular permeability and possibly an overload of tubular reabsorptive capacity after angiography. The changes are transient. No permanent injury to the kidney appears to occur. PMID- 7001856 TI - Contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics in experimental pancreatitis, diabetes and subcutaneous granuloma. AB - Contrast medium concentration in the pancreas as a function of time after intravenous bolus injection was measured in 12 rats with oil-induced acute pancreatitis, 20 rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 20 rats with subcutaneous granuloma, induced by sponge, whose pancreatic tissue was used as a control. No significant effect of diabetes was observed. Calculated distribution volume and contrast enhancement in the pancreas were increased in pancreatitis relative to diabetes and controls. The increased enhancement was due to a relatively higher accumulation into the extravascular fluid, considered to represent pancreatic oedema. An even more marked and delayed enhancement was observed with the granuloma tissue and exudate, apparently on a similar basis. There appears to be a possibility of differential diagnosis of some pancreatic lesions using contrast enhanced CT. PMID- 7001857 TI - Metabolic control of diabetes mellitus during routine management at an out patient department. PMID- 7001860 TI - Report on a patient with watery diarrhoea syndrome caused by a pancreatic tumour containing neurotensin, enkephalin and calcitonin. AB - A patient with water diarrhoea syndrome (WDS) is described. A pancreatic tumour was found containing many cells with immunoreactivity to enkephalin and neurotensin, a few with immunoreactivity to calcitonin but none to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). High levels of calcitonin, neurotensin, VIP and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were present in plasma as measured by radioimmunoassay. After removal of the tumour, the plasma levels of the first three peptides returned to normal and the WDS disappeared. On the other hand, plasma PP did not change. No specific symptoms could be attributed to the new spectrum of peptides found in the tumour. This is the first report of a pancreatic tumour containing high levels of neurotensin. PMID- 7001859 TI - Serum and urinary myoglobin in alcoholics. AB - The serum levels of myoglobin were measured in 106 male alcoholics. Subnormal levels were found in 31% of the alcoholics with no alcohol consumption for the last 2--4 weeks, while none of them had elevated levels. Of the alcoholics on ambulatory control and with varying current alcohol intake. 18% had increased levels compared to healthy controls. Serial myoglobin levels were determined in 19 patients following the cessation of heavy drinking sprees. Despite the fact that none of the patients had clinical evidence of acute myopathy, marked myoglobin elevations were noted in five patients; their serum levels gradually declined and normalized with 4--7 days. Comparing the three groups, similar frequencies of subnormal or elevated serum CK levels were observed. Myoglobin levels were not raised due to impaired glomerular filtration rates. No correlation was found between serum myoglobin and laboratory signs of liver affection. Although hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia were occasionally noted, decreased serum electrolytes did not have any relation to elevated serum myoglobin. A transient, slightly increased urinary excretion of myoglobin parallel with increased excretion of beta 2-microglobulin was observed in 2/17 alcoholics, suggesting that instances of myoglobinuria in alcoholics with heavy recent drinking may be due to a transient minor tubular dysfunction. PMID- 7001858 TI - The effects of cimetidine (Tagamet) on renal function in patients with renal failure. AB - Cimetidine has been administered during 7 days to 28 patients with different degrees of renal failure. Thirteen of these patients had a further week's treatment at least one month later. The daily dose of cimetidine was reduced in relation to pretrial values of creatinine clearance. There was a clear rise in serum creatinine all through the trial (22.3 +/- 2.6% at day 7) (p < 0.001). Maximal decreases in creatinine clearance occurred on day 2 (21.8 +/- 2.2%) and day 3 (23 +/- 2.0%) (p < 0.001), but were still present on days 6 (16.4 +/- 2.9%) and 7 (17.3 +/- 2.8%) (p < 0.001). There was a small rise in serum uric acid all through the trial (p < 0.05). Three days after finished treatment there were no significant differences in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and serum uric acid when compared to pretrial values. The pattern of changes in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance was the same in both mild and severe renal failure. Glomerular filtration rate determined by |52Cr? EDTA clearance before, on day 3 of treatment and 3 days after treatment did not show any differences. No change was seen in serum beta 2-microglobulin during the trial. The decrease in creatinine clearance during treatment with cimetidine is probably not caused by a reduction of glomerular filtration rate, but could be explained by competition by cimetidine for tubular secretion of creatinine. Treatment with cimetidine of patients with renal failure may invalidate measurements of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance as standard routine tests for glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7001861 TI - Immunological studies on human thymus. Occurrence and distribution of immunoglobulins and immunological receptors in myasthenia gravis and control patients. AB - Suspended cells and tissue sections from myasthenia gravis (MG) and control thymuses were characterized for surface expression and histological distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) and receptors for sheep erythrocytes (SE), the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma) and of IgM (Fc mu) and complement factors C3b and C3d (CR). In sections the cortical areas from both MG and control thymuses expressed SE as well as Fc gamma receptors, whereas medullary areas only showed weak SE binding. In contrast to control patients, MG thymuses also contained Ig+ cells confined to nodular areas of the thymic medulla. These nodules stained for both IgG and IgM, and were polyclonal with respect to light chains. In several cases IgD was found as well. In addition, the nodular areas were positive for C3b and C3d receptors. In serial sections, these Ig+ CR+ nodules corresponded to morphologically characteristic lymphoid follicles. Such B cell follicles were observed in variable numbers in all MG thymuses, whether hyperplastic or with normal histology. Five thymomas gave heterogeneous results with regard to immunological markers. Comparison of methods showed that receptor and Ig indication on sections was more sensitive than corresponding tests on thymus cells in suspension. PMID- 7001863 TI - Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. AB - Urinary zinc excretion was studied in a randomized trial in 9 patients during treatment with bendroflumethiazide, chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide and in another 9 patients during treatment with bumetanide, furosemide and triamterene. During treatment with the thiazides, the zinc concentration rose by 30% and the total amount of zinc excretion increased by 60%. In contrast, during treatment with the loop-diuretics, urine zinc concentration diminished and the total amount of zinc excretion increased much less than during therapy with the thiazides. With respect to the importance of zinc as an essential element in human metabolism and the frequency of diuretic treatment, the observed increased urinary losses of zinc deserve further attention. PMID- 7001862 TI - The effect of beta-blockade on glucose tolerance and insulin release in adult diabetes. AB - Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were studied in ten adult diabetics treated in a cross-over fashion for at least three weeks with alprenolol, a non selective beta-blocker, or with metoprolol, a cardioselective beta 1-blocker. Dietary intake was controlled three days prior to the study which comprised both i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests. Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The increase in fasting blood glucose was particularly pronounced in two patients. In these subjects the glucose tolerance following both an i.v. and an oral glucose load was reduced when treatment was switched from metoprolol to alprenolol. Lower plasma insulin levels in response to glucose were also found in these patients on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The mean insulin levels for all ten patients did not differ significantly between the two treatment periods. These data show that treatment with a non-selective beta-blocker can in some patients cause a considerable deterioration of the glucose tolerance, presumably due to inhibition of insulin release. PMID- 7001864 TI - Tegmental afferents of the amygdaloid body in the rat. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected to various parts of the amygdala in 50 rats. Retrograde axonal transport revealed that tegmental areas containing biogenic amines: dorsal and median raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental area, project diffusely to various amygdaloid areas. Moreover, HRP labeled cells were found in the parabrachial nucleus (following injection of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus) and in tegmental dorsolateral nucleus (after injection of the central nucleus of amygdala). PMID- 7001865 TI - Functional significance of different amygdalar areas in performance of instrumental conditioned alimentary reflexes in rats. AB - Bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala caused facilitation of instrumental alimentary conditioned reflexes while bilateral cortico-medial amygdala damage produced inhibition of conditioned responses. The most rapid learning was in rats after basolateral lesions whereas the cortico-medial rats required more trials to criterion than controls. In basolateral rats the largest number of intertrial responses were found, while cortico-medial rats had a small number of ITR in criterion sessions. Thus, the cortico-medial amygdala was concerned with the excitatory system and the basolateral amygdala with the inhibitory system of the rat forebrain. The results of combined unilateral lesions of basolateral and cortico-medial amygdala in each hemisphere suggest that in healthy animals the inhibitory influence of the former was stronger and overlapped or regulated the excitatory action of the latter. Our evidence suggests the existence of two antagonistic systems in the rat amygdala which play different roles in conditioning. PMID- 7001866 TI - [Egas Moniz and his centennial]. PMID- 7001868 TI - Factors which determine cerebrovascular permeability in the normal brain and following osmotic treatment. PMID- 7001867 TI - [History of porcelain]. PMID- 7001869 TI - The blood-brain barrier in acute and chronic hypertension. PMID- 7001870 TI - The basis for active transport at the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7001871 TI - Seasonal occurrence of helminths in freshwater fishes. Part III. Larval Cestoda and Nematoda. PMID- 7001873 TI - Recommended stardard procedures for the clinical measurement and specification of visual acuity. Report of working group 39. Committee on vision. Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. PMID- 7001874 TI - [Anesthesiologic aspects of intraocular intervention, with regard to intraocular lens implantation]. PMID- 7001875 TI - [Current therapeutic management of the neurogenic bladder]. PMID- 7001872 TI - Numerical analysis of enzyme polymorphism: a new approach to the epidemiology and taxonomy of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon. PMID- 7001877 TI - Drug product selection through the decades. PMID- 7001876 TI - Hormone therapy in prostatic cancer. PMID- 7001878 TI - The problem of thresholds for chemical carcinogens--its importance in industrial hygiene, especially in the field of permissible limits for occupational exposure. PMID- 7001879 TI - Semiautomated method for evaluation of left ventricular regional wall motion in coronary artery disease. AB - Regional left ventricular wall motion was independently assessed in 436 patients using both subjective visual inspection of ventriculograms and objective computer determined percent change in the square root of the area between systolic and diastolic outlines. Agreement between subjective and objective techniques was greatest at the ventricular apex and least at the base and partly dependent on the number of abnormal segments present. Objective analysis of regional wall motion provides a permanent quantitative record of wall motion and shows good agreement with meticulous subjective inspection of ventriculograms. As such, it has potential as an adjunct to ventriculography. PMID- 7001880 TI - Regional adipose cellularity and reliability of adipose cell size determination. AB - Regional adipose cell size was assessed in 18 males ranging in age from 20 to 36 years. These measures were correlated to total body fat determined by hydrostatic weighing. Adipose samples were removed from the gluteal, abdominal, and subscapular regions using a needle aspiration technique. The tissue was incubated in collagenase to release individual cells that were immediately photographed under a microscope. To establish the reliability of adipose cell size assessment over time, fat biopsies were secured on 2 separate days. No significant difference was found for any region between day 1 and 2 adipose cell measures. Gluteal cell diameter (90.3 mu) was significantly larger than the abdominal (81.0 mu) and subscapular (78.6 mu) cell diameter (90.3 mu) was significantly larger than the abdominal (81.0 mu) and subscapular (78.6 mu) cell diameters. Total body fat correlated highest with gluteal cell size (r = 0.76) compared with the abdominal (r = 0.67) or subscapular (r = 0.70) regions. This study also examined the number of adipose cells required to subscapular (r = 0.70) regions. This study also examined the number of adipose cells required to obtain a reliable and representative mean value of adipose cell size. Using a sequential estimation analysis it was found that adipose cell diameters of the abdominal, gluteal, or subscapular regions can be reliably estimated with fewer than 100 cells. PMID- 7001881 TI - Lectins in the United States diet: a survey of lectins in commonly consumed foods and a review of the literature. AB - Plant lectins or phytohemagglutinins possess potent in vivo biological activities. Some, primarily of the family Leguminosae, have been shown to have deleterious nutritional effects. Little information exists, however, regarding the prevalence of lectins or the specific foods that contain lectins in the United States diet. In the present study the edible parts of 29 of 88 foods tested, including common salad ingredients, fresh fruits, roasted nuts, and processed cereals were found to possess significant lectin-like activity as assessed by hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination assays. Based on this survey and a review of the literature we conclude that dietary exposure to plant lectins is widespread. The spectrum of nutritional consequences of such exposure remains to be determined. PMID- 7001882 TI - Lectins in biological systems: applications to microbiology. AB - Carbohydrate binding proteins, lectins, are distributed widely in nature. These proteins, which occur as soluble or membrane associated molecules, have been isolated from plants, yeasts, mammals, birds, invertebrates, and bacteria. The plant lectins, which have been long known and are the best characterized, have provided important tools for the study of eucaryotic plasma membranes. Utilization of lectin affinity chromatography has yielded insights into the biochemical nature of the receptors for bacterial toxins. Plant lectins also have the potential to provide the means to investigate the possible role of cell associated bacterial lectins in adherence of these prokaryotes to host tissues. PMID- 7001883 TI - Implantation of bacteria from the digestive tract of man and various animals into gnotobiotic mice. AB - Fourteen microbial strains isolated from conventional rats were inoculated into axenic rats and mice receiving identical diets. The populations of these organisms which became established in the feces of gnotobiotic adult recipient rats and mice were quite similar. The only major difference was that one strain, belonging to the genus Clostridium, disappeared from the feces of gnotobiotic mice, whereas this strain became established in gnotobiotic rats. Most of the strictly anaerobic strains were absent or present only in small numbers before weaning in young rats and mice. A clear-cut barrier effect against Salmonella typhimurium was found in adult gnotobiotic mice colonized with a complex flora derived from a conventional chicken. The microflora established in these recipient mice exerted the same barrier effect when further transferred into axenic chickens. Inoculation of feces from a human donor into adult gnotobiotic recipient mice produced colonization by several strains from the donor, whereas other strains, belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium were present in the donor, but did not persist in recipient mice. In these mice, nonetheless, the colonizing human fecal flora exerted an effective barrier against a toxigenic strain of Clostridium difficile. This barrier effect spontaneously disappeared several weeks later. Administration of clindamycin to the recipient mice led to large variations in the number of viable cells of C. difficile. PMID- 7001884 TI - Cytotoxicity of Shigella dysenteriae 1 for cultured mammalian cells. AB - The cytotoxicity of an invasive toxigenic wild-type strain of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (3818T) was compared with that of noninvasive, toxigenic strain 38180 and hypotoxigenic strain 725. Cytolysis of HeLa or Henle 407 cells exposed to these strains was measured by release of (3H) uridine from prelabeled monolayers. HeLa cells exposed to noninvasive, toxigenic strain 38180, or to partially purified Shiga toxin were lysed only after a latent period of more than 8 hr. During this period, protein synthesis was inhibited. In contrast, Henle 407 cells that were exposed to strain 38180 or to exogenous Shiga toxin were unaffected. When either Henle 407 or HeLa cells were infected with invasive toxigenic strains, rapid lysis ensued. Quantitative microassay of cytosol toxicity showed that Shiga toxin was produced intracellularly by strain 3818T. The data suggest that cytolysis of infected mammalian cells is caused, at least in part, by intracellular Shiga toxin. PMID- 7001885 TI - Interaction between Salmonella bacteria and mammalian nonprofessional phagocytes. AB - A series of lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota were studied regarding their interaction with HeLa cells. The bacteria differed in physicochemical surface properties, with respect to charge and propensity to hydrophobic interaction. Mutants with propensity to hydrophobic interaction and/or negative charge attached to and were internalized into HeLa cells to a greater extent than bacteria lacking such surface properties. Heat killed and ultraviolet-killed bacteria did not attach to HeLa cells. Metabolic and ultrastructural studies showed that Salmonella bacteria were internalized into HeLa cells by an endocytic process. Hyperimmune IgG and other proteins may inhibit this ingestion. PMID- 7001886 TI - Biotransformation of steroid hormones by gut bacteria. PMID- 7001887 TI - Characterization of a mutagenic bacterial product in human feces. AB - Mutagens detectable with the Ames assay have been found in the feces of apparently healthy individuals and the incidence of this mutagenic activity was found to be greater in a population at high risk for colon cancer than in a population at low risk. A compound accounting for the mutagenic activity has been isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Two closely related forms which behave identically chemically could be resolved. The compound was active on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, had a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maxima at about 320, 340, and 365 nm, fluoresced green in long wavelength ultraviolet light, and had the same mobility on the thin-layer chromatography as the mutagenic activity in a direct ether extract of feces. The compound was unstable in air but could be stabilized in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene. Upon oxidation the compound lost its mutagenicity and its ultraviolet absorption spectrum underwent a blue shift so that the absorption maxima were at 295, 310, and 325 nm. Determination of the structure of the mutagen has been difficult since the compound was not volatile and production of a volatile derivative has not been successful. On thin-layer chromatography plates the compound reacted with reagents that detect chlorinated compounds. By thermal energy analysis it did not appear to contain a nitroso group. The compound increased in concentration upon anaerobic incubation of feces at 37 C and this increase was prevented by cold, air, and antimicrobial agents. This suggests to us that the fecal flora produces the compound. PMID- 7001888 TI - Effects of physical training and food restriction on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in male and female rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the respective effects of physical training, adiposity, and total body mass on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Male and female rats were used in two separate studies. In a first study male rats were divided into three groups sedentary free-eating control (c), exercise-trained (T), and sedentary pair-weighted. In a second study with female rats, three groups were formed: C, T, and a sedentary food-restricted group. In the two studies, at the end of the training program, the animals were subjected to an intravenous insulin levels without any impairment of glucose tolerance. However, essentially the same results were obtained with both the pair-weighted male rats and the food-restricted female rats. These results suggest that the reduced levels of plasma insulin observed in trained rats challenged or not by a glucose load, could be explained by the reduction of body mass caused by exercise training. PMID- 7001889 TI - Alcoholic liver disease: roles of alcohol and malnutrition. AB - A toxic effect of alcohol is the principal cause of the development of liver disease in alcoholism. Fatty infiltration of the liver is a consequence of ethanol metabolism due mainly to an increased synthesis and decreased degradation of fatty acids. Mechanisms that have been suggested for ethanol-induced hepatocellular necrosis include centrolobular hypoxia due to an increased oxygen requirement and intracellular accumulation of protein, fat, and water which results in increased cell size. Hepatocellular necrosis, however, may not be a necessary stage in the development of cirrhosis. Chronic ethanol administration increases hepatic collagen deposition, and acute and chronic ethanol administration inhibit liver cell regeneration. Increased humoral and cellular immunological activity to liver tissue and its components may contribute to the persistence of liver disease in the alcoholic. However, only a small proportion of alcoholics and baboons fed alcohol develop cirrhosis, suggesting that other factors, either genetic, environmental, or nutritional, play a role. Malnutrition is common in alcoholics. Liver disease is more common in some malnourished populations, and has been produced by nutrient deficiencies. Decreased dietary intake, as well as malabsorption and alterations in the metabolism of nutrients, are causes of nutrient deficiencies in alcoholism. Some of the effects of alcohol on the liver may be mediated by its actions on nutrient absorption and metabolism. PMID- 7001890 TI - Nutritional anemia in alcoholism. AB - Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, the result of dietary lack and a weak antifolate action of ethanol, is the most common cause of a low hematocrit in hospitalized alcoholics. Alcoholism in the absence of significant folate depletion is more commonly responsible for macrocytosis, however. Neutrophil hypersegmentation, which typically persists or worsens during the first 1 to 2 weeks of folic acid therapy, is a useful sign of folate depletion. Serum folate concentrations, however, are often misleading. During conversion of the megaloblastic marrow following hospitalization, giant bands and metamyelocytes often persist after erythroid cells become normal. Reversible ineffective erythropoiesis due to sideroblastic anemia, often but not invariably in association with folate deficiency, is also common. In about half the patients, siderocytes in the peripheral blood smear, which may transiently increase in number during recovery, provide a useful diagnostic clue. Despite the presence of hypochromic microcytes, the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume is typically normal or elevated. The chronic administration of alcohol along with a marginal diet has produced ringed sideroblasts in human volunteers. Inhibition of heme synthesis by ethanol and an unidentified nutritional factor probably play major roles in pathogenesis. Current evidence does not clearly implicate vitamin B6 depletion in sideroblastic anemia in alcoholics. PMID- 7001891 TI - Folate deficiency in alcoholism. PMID- 7001893 TI - Diets for children and adolescents that meet the dietary goals. AB - The parents of many elementary and secondary schoolchildren ask pediatricians for advice on how to feed diets that are in line with the US Dietary Goals or the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This article outlines an approach for planning diets that fit these recommendations while also assuring that intakes approximate the recommended dietary allowances and the estimated safe and adequate intakes of nutrients provided by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. PMID- 7001892 TI - Vitamin A and zinc metabolism in alcoholism. AB - Vitamin A and zinc metabolism are affected both by ethanol and by hepatic cirrhosis. Ethanol causes abnormal dark adaptation by acting as a competitive inhibitor with retinol for alcohol dehydrogenase in the eye. In animals oral ethanol intake results in increased losses of zinc by the urinary and fecal routes. Vitamin A malnutrition in cirrhotics may be caused by poor diet, malabsorption, decreased hepatic vitamin A uptake, and decreased hepatic storage capacity for vitamin A. In some cirrhotic patients zinc deficiency and or protein deficiency may limit the ability to respond to vitamin A. Combined vitamin A and zinc deficiencies are common in cirrhotics and either may result in abnormal dark adaptation or impaired taste and smell. The interaction of these two micro nutrients must be kept in mind by the clinician caring for alcoholic or alcoholic cirrhotic patients. PMID- 7001896 TI - Mild hypertension: new light on an old clinical controversy. PMID- 7001895 TI - New medical and surgical treatments for peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7001894 TI - Serum ferritin in hematologic malignancies. AB - Serum ferritin was measured in a variety of hematologic malignancies at presentation, in remission following therapy, and in relapse. Ferritin was strikingly increased in all acute leukemias at presentation and in relapse, in the blastic crisis of CML, and in smouldering leukemia. Remission in both ALL and ANLL was associated with a reduction of serum ferritin, and this normalization was a function of remission duration. In the malignant lymphomas serum ferritin was related to tumor histology. Highest levels were found in Hodgkin disease and histiocytic lymphoma, normal levels in lymphocytic lymphoma, and intermediate levels in mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma. In all cases, remission was associated with normalization of serum ferritin. These correlations suggest that serum ferritin measurements may be of clinical usefulness in the initial evaluation and in the assessment of response to therapy in patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7001897 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in leukemic phase: clinicopathologic correlations. AB - A leukemic phase occurred in 30 (14 percent) of 214 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To determine the significance of peripheral blood involvement in each type of NHL, patients were subdivided according to a modified Rappaport classification. Each histologic subtype presented a homogeneous clinical picture which differed from that seen in other histologic subtypes. Of particular note was the recognition of two distinctive cytologic and clinical subtypes within the category of nodular lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDL). In one subtype, the predominant cells had cytologic features akin to those of lymphoblasts. In these cases, although the interval to peripheral blood involvement was variable, the median leukemic survival was only two months. In contrast in conventional NPDL the median leukemic survival was 43+ months, and peripheral blood involvement did not appear to exert an independent effect on prognosis. In diffuse large cell lymphomas the median leukemic survival was 0.5 months, with peripheral blood involvement appearing as a terminal event associated with unresponsive disease in multiple sites. The recognition of adult lymphoblastic lymphoma as a clinicopathologic entity with a high risk of leukemic conversion, 100 percent in this study, is also confirmed. PMID- 7001898 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension: a five year controlled drug trial. The Oslo study. AB - In 1972--1973, 785 symptom-free men, aged 40 to 49 years, without target organ damage, with systolic blood pressures between 150 and 179 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure below 110 mm Hg, were assigned at random to one of two groups: (406 to a drug treatment group and 379 to a control group) for a five-year controlled drug treatment trial to evaluate the effect of therapy on cardiovascular complications. Drug treatment started with hydrochlorothiazide. If systolic blood pressure remained above 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg, alphamethyldopa was added. If there were side effects, methyldopa was replaced with propranolol. The control group was not given a placebo. The mean observation time was 66 months (range 60 to 78 months). A difference in blood pressure between groups of about 17 mm Hg systolic and 10 mm Hg diastolic was maintained throughout the study. The study protocol had a rather low "ethical" blood pressure roof, 180 mm Hg systolic and/or 110 mm Hg diastolic. Seventeen percent of the control group had an increase in blood pressure above this level during the trial, and drug treatment was started. There was no effect on major cardiovascular morbidity comparing groups as established by randomization, with 18 events in the treatment group and 20 events in the control group. There was no difference between the groups in total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular events. However, in the subgroups with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg before randomization, there was a probable reduction in total morbidity from cardiovascular events in favor or the group receiving drug therapy, 7.6 and 16.4 percent events in the treated and control groups, respectively. Cerebrovascular events occurred only in the control group, 7 versus 0. Two cases of fatal aortic aneurysms also occurred in the control group. Other "pressure" complications, such as marked left ventricular hypertrophy in the electrocardiogram and left ventricular failure, occurred only in the control group. However, regarding coronary heart disease, including sudden death, the incidence tended to be higher in the treated group, although it was not statistically significant. Only 13 men (1.7 percent) failed to meet for regular examinations. At the end of the study these men were also followed up with regard to possible cardiovascular events. PMID- 7001899 TI - Mechanism, prevention and therapy of sodium-dependent hypertension. AB - This review considers the mechanism, prevention and therapy of sodium-dependent, low-renin, presumably volume-expanded, hypertension. Certain evidence suggests that in susceptible persons the basic problem is a genetic or acquired deficiency in the ability of the kidney to excrete sodium and hence water. This places them at a disadvantage in a society such as ours in which the salt intake is uniformly high, to a large extent because of the salt content in commercially processed foods. Other evidence suggests that the blood pressure level rises in part because the volume expansion evokes the release of an unknown, slowly-acting, pressor agent which operates by stimulating the contractility of cardiovascular muscle through suppression of the cellular sodium-potassium pump, much in the manner of the cardiac glycosides. Several investigators and the Select Committee on GRAS Substances suggest that the incidence of salt-dependent hypertension could be significantly decreased in a society such as ours if salt intake were reduced from the present level of approximately 10 g/day to 12 g/day. An obvious starting point is a reduction of the salt content in processed foods. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council suggest that a judicious combination of dietary sodium restriction and the use of an appropriate diuretic is the most rational approach to the treatment and management of diseases characterized by retention of sodium. PMID- 7001900 TI - Toxic nephropathy from diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Review and commentary. AB - Drugs commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes may cause toxic nephropathy. There are several factors that account for renal susceptibility. Precise mechanisms of toxicity are generally not known, and therapy depends upon recognizing and removing the offending agent. Drugs that affect identifiable segments of the nephron or that produce similar syndromes are grouped together. Measures that might prevent toxicity are presented. PMID- 7001901 TI - Serious infection with Leptotrichia buccalis. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Leptotrichia buccalis is an obligately anaerobic, gram-negative rod classified as a member of the family Bacteroidaceae. Organisms found in this family (Bacteroides and Fusobacteria) are frequent causes of severe infection in human beings. L. buccalis is a constituent of normal oral flora. Leptotrichia has rarely been recovered from mixed infections primarily of the head and neck. It has not previously been reported as a cause of serious infection in man. We report a case of cavitary pneumonia and septicemia caused by L. buccalis. The colonial morphology and gram stain of L. buccalis are characteristic. Definitive identification is made by gas-liquid chromatography. Leptotrichia have been shown to contain potent endotoxin. L. buccalis has the potential to be a virulent, pathogenic microorganism, especially in the compromised host. PMID- 7001903 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukemia and carcinoma of the cervix in situ following renal transplantation. AB - A 26-year-old white female presented with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukemia five years after successful renal transplantation and prolonged therapy with azathioprine and prednisone. This patient represents the seventh case of the chronic granulocytic leukemia reported within the population of immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. Of further interest in our case is the development of carcinoma in situ of the cervix two years following the transplant. Although multiple malignancies have been recognized in renal homografts, the occurrence of chronic granulocytic leukemia and carcinoma in situ in the same patient has not been previously described. A possible mechanism for the development of chronic granulocytic leukemia is the association of chromosome damage by azathioprine and immunoparalysis of the host, thus setting the stage for the emergency of a malignant clone. The importance of close follow-up of patients on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy is emphasized. PMID- 7001902 TI - Familial nephrotic syndrome with focal glomerular sclerosis. AB - Two brothers with nephrotic syndrome are reported. Their parents were first cousins. The nephrotic syndrome developed at the age of 14 and 15 years and was resistant to the treatment with corticosteroid. The elder patient fell into renal failure about 2-1/2 years after the development of nephrotic syndrome, and the younger has demonstrated a progressive decrease in renal function. The renal histopathology in one patient revealed findings typical of focal glomerular sclerosis. In light of the clinical similarities in these two patients, it is likely that they have a familial form of focal glomerular sclerosis. PMID- 7001904 TI - Multiple recurrences of nocardial pneumonia. AB - A 47-year-old patient without underlying disease was first treated for nocardial pneumonia in 1970. She has had three relapses of nocardial pneumonia despite treatment with sulfasoxazole and tetracycline for nine, 15, and 12 months for the first three episodes. Therapy was continued two, 12, and nine months after chest roentgenograms returned to normal. The recurrences occurred two, 39, and 11 months after therapy was discontinued. PMID- 7001905 TI - Apparent immunologic nonidentity of human placental and endometrial 17beta estradiol dehydrogenase. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to search for the presence of 17beta estradiol dehydrogenase activity in human endometrial and placental tissues, with the use of antibodies raised against highly purified human placental 17beta estradiol dehydrogenase. Sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies were documented by radioimmunoassay and immunodiffusion on cellulose acetate. Although staining was consistently demonstrated in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of term placentas, in both cytoplasm and nuclei, no immunohistochemical reaction was observed in endometrial samples. These results support the contention that placental 17beta-estradiol dehydrogenase is immunologically dissimilar from the endometrial enzyme. PMID- 7001906 TI - The effect of topical fluorides, after acid etching of enamel, on the bond strength of directly bonded orthodontic brackets. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of topical fluoride can be realized without reducing the bond strength of the resin adhesive. Twenty eight groups of four teeth (third molars and premolars) were extracted from twenty-eight patients and stored in distilled water. Twin brackets on Ormesh pads were bonded to all teeth with Endur adhesive. One tooth from each group was bonded according to the manufacturer's instructions. These teeth, Subgroup I, served as controls. Subgroup II teeth were etched for 4 minutes with 50% phosphoric acid containing 2 percent sodium fluoride. Subgroup III teeth received a 3-minute application of a basic phosphate fluoride solution (10(-2)M NA3PO4, 10(3) ppm F) after 1 minute of etching with 50 percent phosphoric acid. Subgroup IV teeth received a 4-minute application of 8 percent stannous fluoride solution after 1 minute of etching with 50 percent phosphoric acid. Each tooth was mounted in a block of improved dental stone; guide wires were used to reproduce bracket orientation. The M.T.S. materials-testing apparatus was used to generate a torsional moment on the bracket at a rate of 1 degree per second. Fluoride uptake by enamel has been shown to be greater in an acid medium or after acid etching. The application of directly bonded orthodontic brackets and pit-and-fissure sealants requires acid etching of the enamel surface. This study supports the use of topical fluoride after acid etching, a procedure that achieves the benefits of increased fluoride uptake without changing the bond strength of the resin adhesive. PMID- 7001907 TI - A clinical trial of alignment of teeth using a 0.019 inch thermal nitinol wire with a transition temperature range between 31 degrees C. and 45 degrees C. AB - Nitinol has a unique property which is of practical use to the orthodontist. That property is its extreme elasticity when it is drawn into high-strength wire. Nitinol wire is much more difficult to deform during handling and seating in bracket slots than stainless steel wire. At the time of this writing, it is nitinol's extreme elasticity that offers the clinician an advancement in the application of orthodontic materials. This characteristic reduces the loops formerly needed to level a dentition. The wire can be used for longer periods of time without changing it, and it can shorten treatment time needed in leveling the dentition. Nitinol has another remarkable characteristic, that of being able to return to a previously manufactured shape when it is heated through a transition temperature range (TTR). If we are to take advantage of this property, the wire must first be set into the desired shape while undergoing a high temperature heat treatment. After the wire has cooled to room temperature, it may be deformed within certain strain limits. When heated to its unique TTR, it will "remember" its shape and return to the original configuration. It is this type of wire that is being reported on in the case report that follows. PMID- 7001909 TI - A study of the origin of pulmonary macrophages using the Chediak-Higashi marker. AB - Using bone marrow reconstitution techniques with cells bearing the Chediak Higashi marker, the authors have been able to demonstrate in mice that both interstitial and intraalveolar macrophages of the lung are derived from bone marrow precursor cells. The morphologic approach (transmission electron microscopy) employed in this study provides direct evidence and confirmation of earlier reports, in which entirely different techniques were used to study cell traffic in the lung. The use of the Chediak-Higashi marker has great advantages over other more cumbersome and difficult techniques. PMID- 7001908 TI - Palatal mucoperiostomy: an attempt to reduce relapse after slow maxillary expansion. AB - The effects of a mucoperiosteal surgical procedure on the stability of palatal expansion was examined in a sample of three Macaca nemestrina monkeys. The expansion was accomplished with a modified Mini-expander which delivered a continuous 2-pound force. At the completion of expansion, a mucoperiostomy was performed on one side of each animal, with the other side left as a control. Data were collected and analyzed and postretention periods; implanted head holders ensured reproducible head positioning, and implanted tantalum markers facilitated linear and angular measurements to assess skeletal and dental changes. From the results of this study, one cannot conclude that the surgical procedure was effective in reducing relapse, although the palatal expansion did result in good stability of the expanded skeletal structures and fair stability of the teeth. PMID- 7001912 TI - Calcium action potentials and potassium permeability activation in pancreatic beta-cells. AB - Ionic control mechanisms of mouse pancreatic beta-cell action potentials ("spikes"), in response to glucose, were studied by measuring membrane potentials with intracellular microelectrodes. The curve relating the peaks of the spikes to the log of the external calcium concentration above 10 mM has a slope of 25 mV/10 fold increase of Ca2+. This approaches the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a pure Ca2+ electrode. Increasing the external [Ca2+]o from 0 to 42.5 mM caused an increase in rates of spike depolarization and repolarization. Lowering [Ca2+]o or applying Ca2+ conductance blockers, including Co2+ (1.25 mM), Mn2+ (2mM), and D-600 (2 X 10(-4) M), caused a decrease in rates of spikes depolarization and repolarization, with an increase of [Ca2+]o reversing this effect. Higher concentrations of these Ca2+-conductance blockers eliminated the spike activity. Quinidine at a high concentration (10(-3) M) blocked spike repolarization. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, 25 mM) increased spike amplitude and duration. Therefore, it is concluded that Ca2+ entry during the spike affects potassium permeability, which is inhibited by TEA. Also, there is a competitive binding between Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, the charge carrier. These cations may have an additional action of substituting for Ca2+ to "stabilize" the membrane. PMID- 7001911 TI - Animal model of human disease. Diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7001910 TI - A histopathologic and immunologic study of the course of syphilis in the experimentally infected rabbit. Demonstration of long-lasting cellular immunity. AB - Inoculation of the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum into the testes of rabbits initiated the following sequence of events: 1) a rapid proliferation of organisms in the interstitial tissues of the testes, reaching a maximum at about 10-11 days after infection; 2) systemic spread of organisms primarily in the lymphoid organs; 3) a prompt immune response manifested by hyperplasia of T cell domains in draining lymph nodes and spleen, blast transformation responses of lymphoid cells to sonicates of T pallidum, the appearance of serum antibody, and the marked infiltration of the infected areas of the testes by T cells; 4) essential clearing of organisms identified by immunofluorescence from the infected site 10-14 days after infection associated with evolution of the inflammatory response from primarily a T cell infiltrate to a larger mononuclear cell type, and the immunofluorescent identification of presumptive T pallidum antigen in macrophages; 5) interstitial fibrosis or resolution 17-21 days after infection so that examination of infected testes from 1 to 24 months later reveals foci of tubular atrophy and fibrosis of varying size, alternating with regenerated tubules, separated by interstitial areas with only minimal fibrosis. During the long period of latency there is no evidence of atrophy or hypoplasia of the lymphoid organs and long-lasting T cell memory with regard to T pallidum sonicates is demonstrable. Reinfection of previously inoculated rabbits indicates partial protection at 25 days after infection followed by essentially complete protection after 55 days. It is concluded that there is a prompt and long-lasting immune response to T pallidum in experimentally infected rabbits. The main mechanism for destruction of infecting organisms appears to be T-cell-initiated macrophage-mediated destruction, but a role for antibody dependent phagocytosis cannot be ruled out. The reason that some organisms may survive in various body organs remains unknown, but possible explanations are presented. PMID- 7001913 TI - Site of enhanced insulin sensitivity in exercise-trained rats at rest. AB - Spontaneously exercised rats show at rest enhanced responsiveness to exogenous insulin and lower plasma insulin levels after oral glucose than sedentary control rats. To assess insulin sensitivity of specific organs, glucose uptake by perfused hindlimb muscle and liver from resting exercise-trained rats was compared with perfused organs from control rats. Glucose uptake, assessed by metabolic clearance formulas, was 17% faster in hindlimbs from exercise-trained rats when perfused without added insulin and 43% faster at perfusate insulin levels of 40 microU/ml. After an overnight fast, glucose clearance in exercise trained hindlimbs increased over controls by 57% in the basal state and by 97% at low perfusate levels. In contrast, glucose clearance by livers from both fed and fasted exercise-trained rats was less than one-half that of livers from control rats. These results suggest that skeletal muscle, and not liver, is the organ primarily responsible for the increased sensitivity to insulin-induced glucose uptake with exercise training and that this response is enhanced after overnight fasting. PMID- 7001914 TI - Effects of diabetes on protein turnover in cardiac muscle. AB - Effects of alloxan diabetes of 10-day duration on protein turnover were investigated in hearts perfused with buffers simulating control and diabetic sera. Diabetes produced a 30% inhibition of protein synthesis in hearts perfused as Langendorff or working preparations. This reduction was attributable to a 20% fall in RNA concentration and a 10% decrease in efficiency of protein synthesis. Determination of RNA in ribosomal subunits indicated that the reduction in efficiency that was observed with diabetes may be due to an inhibition of polypeptide chain elongation/termination. Pharmacological levels of insulin (25 mU/ml) and cardiac work stimulated protein synthesis in both control and diabetic hearts. Effects of diabetes and insulin on protein synthesis in isolated heart muscle cells were similar to those found in whole heart. Diabetes increased protein degradation in hearts perfused with buffer similating diabetic serum and under conditions of cardiac work. Insulin (25 mU/ml) decreased protein degradation in both control and diabetic hearts. These studies indicate that long term diabetes produces a greater negative nitrogen balance that, in contrast to control hearts, cannot be normalized by pharmacological levels of insulin or by cardiac work. PMID- 7001915 TI - Selective inhibition by neuraminidase of insulin action on hexose metabolism of mouse adipocytes. AB - Mouse adipocytes treated with neuraminidase showed a decreased response of glucose oxidation to insulin although insulin binding to the cells was normal. The decreased response was associated with the release of sialic acids from the cells by enzyme digestion. The hormone action on 2-deoxyglucose uptake was also decreased. However, the hormone action on glyceride-glycerol synthesis or lipogenesis from glucose was unaltered when enzyme-treated cells were incubated with higher glucose concentration (greater than or equal to 5 mM). However, at lower glucose concentrations (< 5 mM), in which glucose transport was a rate limiting step, the hormone action was markedly decreased. When fructose was used as a substrate, the enzyme-treated cells showed an impaired response to insulin in fructose oxidation but not in glyceride-glycerol synthesis and lipogenesis from fructose. These results suggest that the postreceptor systems of insulin action on glyceride-glycerol synthesis and lipogenesis from hexose are different from those of the hormone action on hexose transport and oxidation. Furthermore, alteration in insulin-sensitive metabolic profiles may be caused, in part, by changes in glycoproteins and/or glycoplipids on the cell surface. PMID- 7001917 TI - Immunological and biological studies on cholecystokinin in rat brain. AB - Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay in aqueous (n = 3) and acid (n = 10) extracts of cortex (42 +/- 9 pmol/g; 4.0 +/- 1.8 pmol/g), thalamus (4.1 +/- 1.1 pmol/g; 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/g), and hypothalamus (58 +/- 14 pmol/g; 6.3 +/- 0.7 pmol/g). Sephadex chromatography revealed that more than 95% of the immunoreactivity in acid extracts coeluted with CCK33 standard. In aqueous extracts more than 80% of immunoreactivity coeluted with CCK8 standard. Both the CCK33- and CCK8-like materials induced contraction of guinea pig gallbladder in vitro. L-Tryptophan (200 mg/kg) and high dose morphine (20 mg/kg) decreased CCK33-LI concentrations in hypothalamus and thalamus. Low-dose morphine (5 mg/kg) decreased CCK33-LI in hypothalamus. We conclude that 1) CCK-LI is present in cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the rat brain, 2) CCK-LI exists in two predominant molecular forms coeluting with CCK33 and CCK8, 3) both molecular forms are biologically active, and 4) concentrations of rat brain CCK33-LI are modulated by serotonergic and opiate mechanisms. PMID- 7001916 TI - Comparison of glucagon responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and hypoglycemia in man. AB - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), by competitive inhibition of glucose utilization, produces a state of intracellular glucopenia with resultant activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. We have investigated the relationship between the activation of the autonomic nervous system caused by this drug and glucagon secretion. Subjects experienced symptoms identical to those observed during true hypoglycemia and demonstrated a marked rise in both gastric acid secretion and urinary epinephrine excretion. Mean immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels rose only slightly post-2DG (maximal mean increment, 18 pg/ml). Insulin-induced hypoglycemia, although eliciting a similar increase in urinary epinephrine excretion, was followed by a severalfold increase in IRG. Thus, although hypoglycemia and 2DG induced similar discharge of the autonomic nervous system, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia was much greater. These observations provide strong evidence that marked increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic discharge in man are weak alpha-cell stimuli and further support the hypothesis that the rise in IRG that occurs during hypoglycemia is not mediated primarily via the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7001918 TI - Gastric emptying of ordinary food: effect of antrum on particle size. AB - The lack of reliably quantitative methods has delayed understanding how the stomach empties and processes foods. Rapid refinement of gamma cameras has prompted the development of several methods for labeling of ordinary foods with radionuclides. These methods allow rapid labeling with tightly adherent nuclides and are safe for studies both in animals and humans. Nuclide-labeled foods have also permitted detailed analyses of gastric emptying in animals prepared with chronic duodenal fistulas. Early results indicate that the stomach retains foods until these are fragmented into particles smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter, and that this sieving is achieved in the antral region of the stomach. The speed of fragmentation of foods into particles of this size as well as the speed of emptying appear to be closely regulated by chemoceptive mechanisms in the small intestine, which can inhibit these processes. Thus, chemical composition of the meal regulates gastric emptying as well as the physical nature of the food, which determines how easily it can be fragmented by the stomach. PMID- 7001922 TI - Reevaluation of the sand rat as a model for diabetes mellitus. AB - The North African sand rat, Psammomys obesus, has been claimed to be a valuable model for investigating diabetes. It has been reported that, in the laboratory with free access to food, sand rats overeat, become obese, and develop hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. We have observed that, although sand rats from our colony become obese and hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemia is rare and ketoacidosis is virtually nonexistent. Because age, obesity, and dietary sucrose have been reported to be risk factors for diabetes, we have attempted to cause diabetes in a large group of sand rats by inducing obesity through sucrose feeding over an extended period of time. Animals fed sucrose-rich diets were compared to controls fed normal carbohydrate (starch) diets. No group of animals studied over 18 mo developed hyperglycemia and virtually all groups maintained small but significant glucose-induced acute insulin responses. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance accompanied obesity, but there were no differences between dietary groups. Lean sand rats fed sucrose had higher circulating levels of triglyceride (TG) and accelerated TG secretion rates (TGSR) compared to lean controls. After a longer period of observation, all sand rats had elevated plasma TG levels, however, TGSR were normal, indicating that TG removal may have become defective. Although this animal is an excellent model in which to examine spontaneous obesity, Psammomys obesus is a poor model for the study of human diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7001920 TI - Comparative nephron function in reptiles, birds, and mammals. AB - Volume and osmolarity of urine produced by kidneys of reptiles, birds, and mammals depend on anatomic relationships among nephrons, epithelial permeability to water controlled by antidiuretic hormone, and, for reptiles and birds, probably on volume flow rate through collecting ducts and excretion of uric acid. Urine volume and volume flow rate through collecting ducts in reptiles and birds depend on number of filtering nephrons controlled by antidiuretic hormone. Mammalian nephrons do not filter intermittently but control of nephron filtration rates in all three vertebrate classes may have important similarities and differences. Uric acid excretion by birds and many reptiles permits excretion of inorganic cations in excess of amounts permitted by osmolarity of urine. This process may require tubular absorption of water without sodium. Such absorption, which has been found in reptilian proximal tubules, may be very important for osmoregulation in all birds and uricotelic reptiles and may provide insight into the mechanism of fluid absorption in mammals. Urea excretion in mammals may be important for enhancing concentrating ability. Much more must be learned about these processes, but similarities and differences among them in the three vertebrate classes may help illuminate details of each. PMID- 7001919 TI - Carotid baroreflex regulation of plasma renin levels. AB - The influence of carotid sinus pressure (CSP) on plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in vagotomized, alpha-chloralose-anesthetized salt-deprived (<1 meq Na+/day) or salt-loaded (100-125 meq Na+day) cats. Changes in renal vascular resistance were produced by varying the pressure in the isolated perfused carotid sinus while maintaining renal blood flow constant in one kidney. Renal flow pressure determinations were made at high, medium, and low CSP. Venous blood samples were withdrawn for PRA determination by radioimmunoassay after 10 min at each CSP. Low CSP resulted in an increased renal resistance and a dramatic elevation of the PRA in both groups. High CSP also resulted in an increase in PRA (due to contralateral variable-flow kidney) accompanied by a decrease in renal vascular resistance. No difference was found between PRA during medium CSP ad initial control PRA. Propranolol blocked the increase in PRA during low CSP but had no effect on the elevated PRA during high CSP. It is concluded that low CSP produced an increase in PRA that was associated with a reflex activation of renal sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7001921 TI - Increased muscle glucose uptake and lactate release after endotoxin administration. AB - Changes in glucose uptake and lactate and alanine release by skeletal muscle were studied in anesthetized dogs before and over a 4-h period after endotoxin administration and in time-matched controls. Blood flow was measured directly, and arteriovenous differences of glucose, lactate, alanine, and O2 were determined in hindlimb muscles by obtaining blood samples simultaneously from the carotid artery and profunda femoris veins. Skeletal muscle blood flow decreased by 29% after endotoxin, reflecting a similar average decrease in cardiac output. Mean arterial glucose decreased 31% and arterial lactate and alanine increased 201 and 123%, respectively, after endotoxin administration. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake increased 57% after endotoxin despite the progressively developing hypoglycemia. Postendotoxin lactate and alanine release were also elevated by 217 and 82%, respectively. Average O2 consumption by skeletal muscle did not change. The metabolic pattern observed after endotoxin administration suggests that the increased lactate and alanine release are likely to be related to the elevated glucose uptake and that skeletal muscle greatly influences the metabolic pattern observed during shock. PMID- 7001923 TI - Age-dependent development of insulin resistance of soleus muscle in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - The relationship between insulin binding and its biological effects was studied in soleus muscle of 3- to 15-wk-old genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. At 3 and 4 wk of age, soleus muscle from lean and obese mice bound similar amounts of insulin under equilibrium binding conditions. However, by 6 wk of age, insulin binding and total receptor concentration (Ro) were significantly decreased in soleus muscle from obese compared to lean mice. In addition lean and obese mice demonstrated an age-dependent decrease in insulin binding, Ro, and receptor affinity. At 4 wk of age, insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport and glucose utilization were significantly lower in soleus muscle from obese mice and preceded alterations in insulin binding. The postmembrane decrease in insulin sensitivity was dissimilar for various pathways of glucose metabolism. Glucose conversion of glycogen, but not the glycolytic rate or glucose oxidation, remained sensitive to insulin stimulation. These data indicate that glucose transport and utilization rather than insulin binding may play the primary role in the development of insulin resistance of muscle in the obese diabetic syndrome. PMID- 7001924 TI - Feeding responses of Zucker fatty rat to 2-deoxy-D-glucose, norepinephrine, and insulin. AB - From the pathophysiological viewpoint, feeding responses to various stimuli were examined in Zucker fatty rats and their lean littermates. Intraventricular administration of norepinephrine (NE, 10 micrograms/rat) stimulated food intake in both rats. Intraventricular administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, 3.8 mg/rat) induced hyperphagia and concomitant hyperglycemia in lean rats. However, in fatty rats, the blood glucose was elevated but food intake was unaltered after 2DG administration. Subcutaneous administration of insulin (2 or 8 U/kg) stimulated food intake of both rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hypoinsulinemia produced transient reduction of food intake followed by sustained diabetic hyperphagia in lean rats. In fatty rats, the experimental hypoinsulinemia caused transient aphagia but not sustained diabetic hyperphagia. Daily injection of insulin (5 U/rat) restored energy assimilation in both diabetic rats. An increase in food intake due to insulin injection was remarkable only in diabetic fatty rats. From these findings, the regulatory system of food intake in fatty rats appears to be sensitive to changes in the circulating insulin level but insensitive to either glucoprivation or changes in body storage of energy. PMID- 7001925 TI - Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin: proposed role in pathogenesis of shigellosis. AB - Bacterial strains of Shigella dysenteriae I (3818-T and 3818-O) and Shigella enterotoxin altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. These agents were compared with activity caused by sterile culture broth or sterile saline. The altered myoelectric activity was characterized by two distinct complexes: repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP), characteristic of invasive strains of bacteria, and the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), characteristic of noninvasive bacteria. RBAP activity was the predominant myoelectric complex observed with S. dysenteriae strain 3818 T, an invader and toxin producer; S. dysenteriae strain 3818-O, a noninvader and toxin producer; and by Shigella enterotoxin. MAPC activity was present but was significantly less in all cases. These studies of the small intestine demonstrate an alteration in myoelectric activity characterized principally by RBAP activity indicative of invasion. PMID- 7001926 TI - Parasympathetic cardiovascular control in human disease: a critical review of methods and results. AB - A variety of experimental approaches have been used to alter reflex parasympathetic cardiovascular control in normal human subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This review critically appraises several of these methods (the Valsalva maneuver, upright tilt, lower body negative pressure, pressor drug infusion, neck suction, and coronary arteriography) and summarizes the normal response patterns of healthy subjects and the abnormal response patterns of some patients with cardiovascular disease. Tests of parasympathetic function tend to be heterogeneous; they are not standardized, and, therefore, valid comparisons between results from different studies may be difficult to make. Moreover, although most of these tests are simple to perform, they may provoke surprisingly complex alterations of afferent and efferent autonomic activity. Notwithstanding these methodological difficulties, the research area of human parasympathetic cardiovascular control may have great importance, because parasympathetic reflex mechanisms are involved in diseases of major public health significance for which animal models may be imperfect or nonexistent. PMID- 7001927 TI - Performance of diabetic rat hearts: effects of anoxia and increased work. AB - An isolated perfused working rat heart preparation was used to assess the effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on myocardial performance. Ventricular performance was assessed under different aortic afterload, isoproterenol-stimulated and anoxic conditions. Basal left ventricular pressure development and rate of rise of ventricular pressure were depressed in hearts from diabetic animals. Neither coronary flow nor cardiac output were affected by diabetes. The dose and temporal responses to an infusion of isoproterenol were unaltered in diabetic hearts. Isoproterenol increased coronary flow by 50% and elevated ventricular pressure, dP/dt, and cardiac output by two- to threefold. Anoxia depressed ventricular pressure to below 20% of control within 5 min in both diabetic and normal hearts. Reoxygenation after 10 min of anoxia produced equivalent recovery in both groups working against a 52-mmHg aortic afterload, whereas recovery after 20 or 30 min of anoxia, was depressed in diabetic hearts. Elevating aortic afterload decreased performance of diabetic hearts and decreased their ability to recover from a 10 min anoxic exposure. Many of these observed differences in mechanical performance of diabetic hearts can be overcome by high glucose or insulin in the perfusion media. PMID- 7001928 TI - Thirst following water deprivation in humans. AB - The effect of 24-h water deprivation and subsequent drinking on systemic fluid balance and subjective sensations has been determined in human beings. The deprivation caused significant intracellular and extracellular depletions, thirst, and a dry unpleasant tasting mouth. During rehydration, subjects drank 65% of their total intake within 2.5 min. The marked decrease in drinking rate thereafter, and the alleviation of thirst, occurred before plasma dilution had become significant. This attenuation of drinking was subjectively attributed to stomach fullness. Presystemic factors may therefore be important for drinking termination in humans. Within 20 min systemic deficits were removed, but intermittent drinking continued at a low rate, reportedly to alleviate unpleasant oral sensations, Following rehydration, the concentrated urine of hydropenia had disappeared. However, the excretion of solute-free water varied between subjects. Plasma renin activity was significantly elevated by water deprivation, while after rehydration this activity had decreased to levels not significantly different from predeprivation values. PMID- 7001930 TI - Medicaid records and the psychiatric private sector. AB - The authors report a study or records maintained by private practitioners for their Medicaid patients. The quality of record keeping in general fell far short of Medicaid requirements. Board-certified or hospital-affiliated psychiatrists kept better charts than those who did not have these credentials. Educational background did not correlate with extent of record keeping. PMID- 7001929 TI - Angiotensin and single nephron glomerular function in the trout Salmo gairdneri. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (UV), renal tubular transport maximum for glucose (TMG), and single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), determined in anesthetized norepinephrine-infused trout (Salmo gairdneri), were 18.51 +/- 5.78 microliter x min-1 x kg body wt-1, 5.31 +/- 1.38 microliter x min 1 x kg body wt-1, 105.21 +/- 46.84 microgram x min-1 x kg body wt-1, and 3.74 +/- 1.12 nl/min, respectively, when in seawater (SW) and 140.39 +/- 17.24, 76.38 +/- 10.41, 626.16 +/- 77.46, and 1.31 +/- 0.20 in freshwater (FW). Angiotensin II infusions, to reduce UV, GFR, and TMG by 50%, had no effect on the average SNGFR of FW trout, but reduced that of SW fish to 1.42 +/- 0.19 nl/min. Infusions of 20% ferrocyanide, visualized as Prussian blue (PB), identified three glomerular populations: filtering (F) with PB in glomerular vessels and tubular lumen; nonfiltering (NF)--PB in glomerular vessels only; nonperfused (NP)--no PB associated with the nephron. SW and FW kidneys contained about 40% NF tubules. In FW, 45% were F tubules compared with 5% in SW, whereas NP tubules comprised 51% of SW tubules and 13% of FW. During angiotensin II infusions the distributions were 9% and 46% NF in FW and 6% F and 12% NF in SW trout. PMID- 7001931 TI - More on the case of Anna O. PMID- 7001932 TI - Malignant histiocytosis: A light- and electron-microscopic and histochemical study. AB - The light- and electron-microscopic features and histochemical characterization of three consecutive cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) are reported. Each case demonstrated involvement of lymph nodes and bone marrow. In the lymph node, the characteristic destructive sinusoidal pattern of involvement by cytologically malignant cells was present. Phagocytosis by malignant cells was rare and most readily appreciated in the imprint preparations. The major problem in differential diagnosis related to defining the histiocytic nature of the malignant cells. This question was resolved by the demonstration of diffuse cytoplasmic staining with the nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase reactions as well as the ultrastructural demonstration of histiocytes. Although benign, reactive histiocytes were positive, malignant histiocytes did not stain for lysozyme by an immunoperoxidase technique. In contrast to the uniform appearance of these cases, many reports of MH in the past have consisted of heterogeneous cases with variable histologic appearances from a proliferation of predominantly mature histiocytes with marked phagocytosis to cytologically malignant cells with little apparent functional activity. This variation in histologic appearance is due in part to inclusion of cases of reactive histiocytic proliferations, including the recently described virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. PMID- 7001933 TI - Rupert Willis. PMID- 7001934 TI - A malaria outbreak due to Plasmodium malariae on the Island of Grenada. AB - An outbreak of Plasmodium malariae malaria occurred in Grenada some 16 years after the end of a malaria eradication campaign, probably due to renewal of transmission from recrudescent cases. Serological studies were used in addition to blood film surveys in defining the outbreak, and their value in such surveillance situations is emphasized. PMID- 7001935 TI - Evaluation of chemotherapy of American leishmaniasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. AB - Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of American cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is difficult because dramatic clinical improvement and apparent complete healing can be followed by delayed recurrence of lesions. The indirect fluorescent antibody test done with amastigote antigen was used to monitor treatment of 122 cases of cutaneous lesions and one patient with mucocutaneous disease. Clinical improvement and healing of lesions in many, but not all, cases was accompanied by a diminution of antibody titer, and in 10% of cases, by reversion to negativity. In two cases persistence of antibody in spite of healing was shown to be due to residual viable parasites which caused recurrence or new lesions. Further treatment brought about healing and reversion to seronegativity. The data suggest that successful treatment can be indicated by serologic response and, even in cases in which reversion to seronegativity does not occur, the relative reduction in serum antibody provides a basis for predicting recurrence of leishmanial lesions. PMID- 7001936 TI - Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses to the Dirofilaria immitis filarial skin test (Sawada) antigen in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. AB - In order to assess the immunodiagnostic utility of FST skin test antigen purified from Dirofilaria immitis, skin test responses were analyzed in 177 inhabitants of a South Pacific island hyperendemic for Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. Although the distribution of immediate hypersensitivity skin test responses was similar to those found in other filarial endemic populations, individual immediate skin test reactions lacked the sensitivity and specificity to identify those with microfilaremia or those with any clinical or parasitologic evidence of filarial disease. Delayed hypersensitivity type skin test reactions were elicited by the antigen in 60% of people but again these delayed cutaneous reactions did not correlate with the presence or absence of stigmata of filariasis. These findings document the limitation of this antigen preparation in the immunodiagnosis of filariasis in residents of an endemic area. PMID- 7001938 TI - A new selective agent for eukaryotic cloning vectors. AB - An aminoglycoside antibiotic, G418, has been shown to be an inhibitor of many pro and eukaryotes at concentrations from 1-300 microgram/ml. A bacterial R-plasmid determinant that phosphorylates and inactivates antibiotic G418 can be introduced into yeast by transformation and expresses resistance to G418. It is suggested that this combination of antibiotic and dominant resistance mechanism may be useful in recombinant DNA studies as a cloning selection in eukaryotes. PMID- 7001937 TI - Turista among members of the Yale Glee Club in Latin America. PMID- 7001939 TI - Prospects and problems in the use of recombinant DNA for the production of a malaria vaccine. AB - Recent advances in malaria immunology and the discovery of an in vitro culture method for Plasmodium falciparum have opened the way for the feasibility of formulating a vaccine as a control measure for this most virulent species of human malaria. The successful use of recombinant DNA technology for the production of scarce cellular constituents has made available a great option for mass synthesis of malaria antigens, which otherwise could be prohibitive if it were to depend on the use of human serum and cells. The translation of feasibility to reality of production of a practical human malaria vaccine will depend on the definition of a safe and effective antigen. PMID- 7001941 TI - [Suppurative, inflammatory formations of the uterine adnexa (etiology, pathogenesis and patient management procedure)]. PMID- 7001940 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - The care of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma has undergone significant change in the past decade. Careful staging and multidisciplinary treatment have improved the prognosis for patients with this neoplasm. A review of the medical literature of the past decade documents these changes in staging, therapy and prognosis. PMID- 7001942 TI - A study of the cross-resistance of vincristine and vindesine in reinduction therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. A report for Children's Cancer Study Group. AB - The vinca alkaloid modification product, vindesine, presents closely related molecular structure to vincristine. Although there are differences in capacity to bind tubulin dimer and inability to inhibit growth of several experimental tumors, there is a significant degree of overlap. In the clinical tests to date, vindesine has been used in treatment of children with relapse of acute lymphocytic leukemia considered to be resistant to vincristine. The study presented here was designed to assess the degree of overlap between vincristine and vindesine. The conclusion was reached that there is clinical cross resistance. PMID- 7001943 TI - Immunologic mechanisms in aplastic anemia. AB - The existence of abnormalities of the immune system in patients with aplastic anemia is controversial. Review of the evidence for immune deficiency as a component of the aplastic process in these patients reveals generally intact lymphocyte function, but a variable degree of monocyte impairment. Evidence is presented that excessive T-lymphocyte activity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia, but this complicated by the possible induction of such suppressor cells in response to blood transfusions. PMID- 7001944 TI - Histocompatibility barriers in human marrow transplantation. PMID- 7001945 TI - [Secretion and action of insulin in diabetogenic obesity]. PMID- 7001946 TI - Nurse practitioners: a review of the literature 1965-1979. PMID- 7001948 TI - Stable iodinated polypeptide hormones prepared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7001949 TI - Graphical analysis of ligand-binding systems: evaluation by Monte Carlo studies. PMID- 7001947 TI - Cross-infection from contaminated anaesthetic equipment. A real hazard? AB - A definite relationship between the use of contaminated anaesthetic equipment and subsequent pulmonary infection remains to be established. There is however indirect and circumstantial evidence suggesting that cross-infection may occur, and further an increased susceptibility of surgical patients to pulmonary infections has been demonstrated. Decontamination should be recommended before the equipment is re-used. Pasteurisation may prove sufficient and this can be obtained employing a specially designed dish-washing machine. PMID- 7001950 TI - The relaxation complex of colicinogenic factor E1: electrophoretic properties and a novel assay system for sodium dodecyl sulfate-mediated induction. PMID- 7001951 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of oligo- and monoribonucleotide mixtures, with special reference to ribosomal RNA constituents. PMID- 7001952 TI - Development of a solid-phase assay for measurement of proteolytic enzyme activity. PMID- 7001953 TI - An improved assay for proteases and polysaccharidases employing a cartilage proteoglycan substrate entrapped in polyacrylamide particles. PMID- 7001954 TI - Analysis of orange juice. PMID- 7001955 TI - [Contribution to the study of the cervical lymphatic system of the young and adult white rats (Rattus norvegicus). II (author's transl)]. AB - This report is based upon microdissections of 30 young white rats and 21 adults, of both sexes, in which it was studied the morphology of cervical lymphatic system performed by injection of submandibular and deep cervical nodes with latex neoprene colored. It was verified that: there are no differences between the lymph nodes of young and adult rats: the presence of a submandibular chain with variable number of lymph nodes; this chain give efferent lymphatic branches to the deep cervical lymph nodes; the presence of 2 groups of deep cervical lymph nodes, one caudal and other cranial; those lymph nodes give efferent branches which are going to form the deep jugular trunk, the join to the jugulo-subclavian angle; the jugular trunk may go to joing to branches coming from the thoracic limb, from the thorax cavity and branches which go along the external jugular vein and omocervical vein. PMID- 7001956 TI - [Effect of artificial pulmonary ventilation under constant positive pressure in the respiratory tracts on the lesser circulation under various types of general anesthesia]. PMID- 7001957 TI - [Suppression of transplantation immunity under the action of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7001958 TI - Heidbrink Award--The evolution of ambulatory anesthesiology in dentistry. PMID- 7001959 TI - Angina of impending myocardial infarction: the intermediate syndrome. Changing concepts, proposed therapy, and current clues of gravity. PMID- 7001960 TI - The role of vasodilating agents in the treatment of chronic heart failure. PMID- 7001961 TI - Episodic asthma as a bronchial provocation test. AB - This study, originally designed to investigate the efficacy of a new inhaled steroid, flunisolide, in New Orleans, demonstrated that episodic asthma (known as "New Orleans Asthma") still occurs in that city. Although its outbreaks are less frequent and severe than reported in previous years, they are still intense enough to affect asthmatics who are on maximal drug therapy. We found in this study that patients who were taking a sympathomimetic, methyl xanthine, and steroids both by inhalation (flunisolide) and by mouth (prednisone) required more prednisone during outbreaks. During such outbreaks the use of flunisolide not only delayed the need for more prednisone but also reduced the dosage needed. Furthermore, flunisolide had over-all prednisone-sparing benefits during the course of the whole 18-week study. Finally, throughout the study, asthma was less frequent in patients on flunisolide therapy, their over-all therapeutic response being significantly better than that of a control group. The authors conclude that New Orleans Asthma provides a natural provocation for extrinsic asthmatics in their normal milieu and thus provides an ideal situation for testing new anti asthmatic treatments, especially in individuals with severe asthma in whom deliberate challenge may be unethical. PMID- 7001962 TI - Asystole complicating physostigmine treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. AB - Physostigmine is a commonly used therapy for the anticholinergic manifestations of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose. We describe two patients with TCA toxicity who developed asystole following the administration of physostigmine to treat seizures. PMID- 7001963 TI - Study of bovine pulmonary response to Pasteurella haemolytica: specificity of immunoglobulins isolated from the bovine lung. AB - A procedure is described for the isolation and purification of the immunoglobulins (Ig)A and IgG from pulmonary lavage fluid from calves. These Ig were isolated from calves experimentally exposed to Pasteurella haemolytica via aerosolization and from nonexposed calves. The specificity of these fractions toward P haemolytica was examined, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test and agglutination reactions. Specific antibody activity was detected in the IgA and IgG fractions from calves exposed to P haemolytica and IgG fractions from nonexposed calves. None of the isolated Ig agglutinated P haemolytica. PMID- 7001964 TI - The effect of experimental acid aspiration on alveolar macrophage function in rabbits. AB - The effect of aspirated hydrochloric acid (HCl) on alveolar macrophage function was investigated in a rabbit model. Lung cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage 4 h after an intratracheal injection of HCl. The intratracheal administration of HCl significantly increased (p < 0.005) the number of neutrophils recovered at lavage. Alveolar marcophage adherence to glass was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the HCl-treated animals compared with that of the control animals. Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis was not altered, and there was no effect on macrophage migration through micropore filters. In vitro studies showed that incubation of alveolar macrophages from normal rabbits in cell-free supernatants from HCl-treated rabbit lavage significantly decreased (p < 0.01) alveolar macrophage adherence to glass. In vitro incubation of alveolar macrophages from normal rabbits with rabbit peritoneal neutrophils significantly decreased (p < 0.05) adherence to glass. To investigate the effects of corticosteroid treatment, acid-injured rabbits were given 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone intravenously within 5 min. Alveolar macrophages from the steroid treated animals showed a partial, but significant (p < 0.005), reversal of the acid-induced adherence defect. We concluded that acid aspiration is associated with an influx of neutrophils into the alveolar space, and decreased alveolar macrophage adherence to glass. The adherence defect was related to a factor or factors present in lavage fluid and to the presence of activated neutrophils. Corticosteriod treatment partially reversed the adherence defect. PMID- 7001965 TI - Implantation of a larger aortic prosthetic valve in a patient with a small aortic annulus: an operative technique. AB - A technique for implantation of a larger aortic prosthetic valve in a small aortic annulus is described. The technique consists of passing inverted horizontal mattress sutures in the aortic annulus in the right and left coronary sinuses. In the noncoronary sinus, horizontal mattress sutures are passed from outside through a strip of Teflon felt and then through the aortic wall a few millimeters away from the annulus and finally through the sewing ring of the aortic valve prosthesis. Sutured in this manner, the valve sits below the annulus in the areas of the right and the left coronary sinuses and above the annulus in the noncoronary sinus. This technique is simple, does not add to the aortic cross clamp time, and permits placement of a prosthesis that is at least 2-4 mm larger than the size of the annulus. PMID- 7001967 TI - Physiologic and pathologic tremors. Diagnosis, mechanism, and management. AB - Tremor, the commonest of the involuntary movement disorders, is characterized by rhythmical oscillatory movement that occurs at rest or during activity; all tremors cease during sleep. Physiologic tremor is present in normal persons and is asymptomatic. Tremor is considered pathologic when it impairs a patient's function. Clinically, the pathologic tremors may be classified as accentuated physiologic, parkinsonian, essential, and cerebellar. We review here the basic mechanisms and clinical features of various tremors and emphasize recent advances in pathophysiology and management. PMID- 7001966 TI - Failure of saralasin in preventing renal failure in ischemic transplanted kidneys. AB - Many potential cadaveric kidney donors have been exposed to shock or hypotension before or during organ donation. Renin-mediated vasoconstriction has been implied in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. High renin levels have been associated with poor graft survival under hypothermic pulsatile perfusion. An attempt was made to block renin effect with Saralasin (1-Sar-8-ala-angiotensin II), a competitive blocker. Eight conditioned mongrel dogs had their renal arteries exposed, and Saralasin, 100 microgram, was injected intra-arterially. Warm ischemia was then induced for 30 min. Thereafter, the kidney was removed and placed under hypothermic pulsatile perfusion for 24 hours, during which time Saralasin was given continuously at a rate of 1 microgram/min. The kidneys were reimplanted in the same animal on the contralateral iliac fossa, Saralasin, 100 microgram, was given intraarterially after implantation, and a contralateral nephrectomy was performed. Four control animals were given saline solution instead of Saralasin. No significant differences were noted in perfusion characteristics and postoperative creatinine values between treated and control groups. This apparent lack of protective effect of angiotensin II competitive blocker suggests that in the pathophysiology of acute renal failure other factors could be involved besides renin release. PMID- 7001968 TI - A regional end-stage renal disease program: twelve years' experience. AB - As of 31 December 1978, 558 patients with end-stage renal disease had been treated with transplantation (150), home dialysis (109), and center dialysis (299). Three hundred twenty-eight patients survived--194 (59%) in center, 51 (15%) at home, and 83 (25%) with functioning grafts. The number and age of new patients continue to increase. Significantly more deaths occur among center dialysis patients than among transplant recipients or home patients. Cadaveric donors provide 71% of transplanted kidneys. The increase in new and older patients without a commensurate increase in cadaver organs results in a declining transplantation rate. Home dialysis training has not decreased. Home dialysis and transplantation can treat about 50% of all new patients. Equilibrium in the end stage renal disease population will occur when 632 patients per million are receiving treatment. Of these, about 500 will be on center dialysis and will need about 100 stations per million population. PMID- 7001969 TI - Grace Revere Osler: a turn of the century professor's wife. PMID- 7001970 TI - COMLA chemotherapy for lymphoma. PMID- 7001971 TI - The use of ornithine salts of branched-chain ketoacids in portal-systemic encephalopathy. AB - In eight patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy who were symptomatic despite protein restriction and lactulose, a double-blind crossover comparison was conducted of branched-chain amino acids (68 mmol/d) versus ornithine salts of branched-chain ketoacids (34 mmol/d), both mixtures being administered orally for 7 to 10 days, after control periods, during a single hospitalization. Ornithine salts of branched-chain ketoacids markedly improved electroencephalographic abnormalities and clinical grade of encephalopathy; branched-chain amino acids had significantly lesser effects, which were of borderline statistical significance. To ascertain whether ornithine or branched chain ketoacids were responsible for the improvement observed, we administered to six patients calcium salts of branched-chain ketoacids (34 mmol/d) after control periods; only slight improvement was seen.. Four patients received a daily dose of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate containing the same quantity of ornithine; one did not change and three deteriorated rapidly. We conclude that the combination of ornithine and branched-chain ketoacids improves chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy more than its components given separately and more than branched chain amino acids at twice the molar dose. PMID- 7001972 TI - Cutaneous lesions after intestinal bypass. AB - Twenty-three of 81 intestinal bypass patients with episodes of bypass enteropathy had papulopustular or nodular skin lesions. Histologic examination of the dermal lesions showed various forms of vasculitis in nine of 14 subjects. In six of 11 patients examined by immunofluorescent microscopy, both the lesions and uninvolved sun-exposed skin areas had immunoglobulin and complement deposits in linear or granular patterns in the dermoepidermal line, giving the appearance of a positive lupus band test. Skin lesions resolved with spontaneous improvement of bypass enteropathy or in response to metronidazole therapy. After the bypass was dismantled, the eruptions disappeared permanently, and previously positive lupus band tests became negative. The skin lesions were frequently observed in association with arthritis, suggesting an immune-complex mechanism, probably originating in "blind loop" bacterial overgrowth. PMID- 7001973 TI - Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in renal allograft recipients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Hematologic toxicity occurred when trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given for prolonged periods to renal allograft subjects also treated with azathioprine. In six such patients, the incidences and duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were greater than in 25 similar allograft recipients treated with azathioprine alone. In bone marrow culture, the antifolate action of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole enhanced the marrow-suppressive effect of 6 mercaptopurine, the active moiety cleaved from azathioprine. These studies show that in renal allograft recipients treated with azathioprine, the prolonged use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may result in life-threatening hematotoxicity. PMID- 7001975 TI - "Les torsades de pointes": an unusual ventricular arrhythmia. AB - Since the original description by Dessertenne, predominantly European literature has reported the features of the unusual ventricular arrhythmia "les torsades de pointes." Named because of the way the polarity of the QRS complexes seems to spiral around the baseline of the ECG, this arrhythmia is virtually always associated with prolongation of the Q-T interval. Its importance lies not in its unusual structure but in the potentially fatal outcome if conventional treatment is administered. Antiarrhythmic drugs that further prolong the Q-T interval frequently aggravate the arrhythmia and are contraindicated. Overdrive pacing, preferably atrial, is the treatment of choice with attention to any correctable causes of associated Q-T prolongation. Electrophysiologic studies so far favor a re-entrant cause for the arrhythmia, but the exact mechanism and its true relation to both conventional ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation remain to be defined. PMID- 7001974 TI - Influence of small increments of epinephrine on glucose tolerance in normal humans. AB - To ascertain whether small elevations of epinephrine alter glucose tolerance, we infused epinephrine or saline into seven healthy volunteers for 5 hours. Two hours after starting the infusions, subjects ingested 100 g of glucose. Plasma epinephrine (basal 23 +/- 4 pg/mL) rose during epinephrine infusion to levels (75 to 80 pg/mL) similar to those observed in nine outpatients presenting with mild viral illnesses (66 +/- 8 pg/mL). Although epinephrine produced only a small (5 mg/dL) increase n plasma glucose before glucose ingestion, after oral glucose the levels of glucose increased by 30 to 60 mg/dL above saline control values (163 +/ 14 mg/dL versus 108 +/- 15 at 2 h, p < 0.005). This diabetogenic effect occurred despite two-fold higher insulin levels and normal suppression of plasma glucagon. We conclude that small physiologic increments of epinephrine, which cause minimal changes in fasting plasma glucose, produce a marked reduction in glucose tolerance. Our data suggest marked sensitivity to the insulin antagonistic effects of epinephrine and may provide a mechanism for stress-induced glucose intolerance. PMID- 7001976 TI - Host defenses and immunologic alterations associated with chronic hemodialysis. AB - Many of the complications experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis can be attributed to their altered host defenses. Increased cutaneous staphylococcal carriage along with repeated intravascular cannulation and defective mucocutaneous barriers lead to frequent invasion by infectious agents. Pathogens encounter granulocytes with subnormal locomotion, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing. Depressed cell-mediated immunity may be explained by shortened lymphocyte survival, lymphopenia, inhibition of lymphocyte transformation, and suppressor T-cell activity. This is manifested by cutaneous anergy, prolonged graft survival, altered tumor surveillance, and abnormal responses to hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Host interaction with the hemodialysis membrane leads to cellular disruption, which may induce autoantibodies. Activation of the alternate complement pathway during hemodialysis leads to granulocyte sequestration in small vessels, specifically within the lungs. These hemodialysis-induced alterations along with the manifestations of underlying chronic renal insufficiency may obscure clinical evaluation of these patients. PMID- 7001977 TI - Insulin delivery devices. PMID- 7001978 TI - Treatment for histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7001979 TI - Treatment for histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7001980 TI - [The unconscious and hypnosis]. AB - Hypnosis and the unconscious: both fields equally obscure, giving rise to broad plurality of conceptions. The only point we may assert with any certainty is that they are closely linked. Historically, experiments on post-hypnotic suggestion were in fact the starting point for the discovery of the unconscious. Post hypnotic suggestion is in effect one of the most irrefutable proofs that psychical contents can influence behaviour, albeit eluding the subject's consciousness. In this paper, we provide a description of Soviet researchers' conceptions of the unconscious, and of the point of view from which they approach hypnotic phenomena. We then study psychoanalytical theories on hypnosis, which are essentially based on transference. We show why this notion seems to us powerless to account for the specific nature of the hypnotic relationship. There is, in effect, a psycho-physiological dimension of hypnosis. It lies at the crossroads between the instrumental and the relational. But we know nothing about what unconscious processes hide at the psycho-physiological level. Psychoanalysis has brought to light the laws governing the functioning of unconscious representations. But the realm of the affect, the non-verbal, the corporal still remains beyond our knowledge. This is a hidden side of the unconscious, in relation to which hypnosis may serve as another "royal way". Finally, we point out a few directions now opening up for hypnotic research work in this perspective. PMID- 7001981 TI - [Essential fatty acids and animal development]. AB - With the exception of some cell strains in culture, the animal cells need w6 linoleic acid and its superior polyinsaturated derivatives for their structural growth and their multiplication. Deficiency of linoleic acid leads to growth failure, organic fraility and death of the animal. Involvement of the prostaglandins is not demonstrated. w3 linolenic acid and its superior derivatives are essential for the development of the sea animals. Linolenic acid appears also essential for the mammal nervous cells at the step of cell division anterior to myelinisation. Disponibility of the essential fatty acids for the mammal fetus is principaly assumed by the mother liver of which the metabolic activity in conversion of the precursors to superior derivatives and synthesis of transport lipoproteins is increased. Involvement of the polyunsatured acids in satisfying the structural and energetic needs of the developing animal concerns predominantly--but not exclusively--the cell membranes structure and fluidity and activity of the functional proteins (enzymes, mitochondrial oxydophosphorylation). PMID- 7001983 TI - [Recent developments in the concept of essential fatty acids in fish]. AB - In fish, essential acids belong to the n-3 series. In trout, carp and salmon a dietary supply of 0.7 to 1% linolenate allows to prevent any symptoms of deficiency and ensures a normal growth. This is not the case for see fish such as daurade and turbot, where a supply of a similar proportion of n-3 high polyunsaturated fatty acids (HPUFA) appears to be necessary. However, recent experiments show that this requirement for HPUFA is not specific, since they can be replaced by linolenate in the turbot provided that the linolenate dietary amount is substantially higher than in the trout. The 6-desaturase activity seems to be lower in see fish than in freshwater fish and there is a good agreement between the nutritional tests of growth rate of fish and the biological tests of bioconversion rate of linolenate into HPUFA. Fish seem to be a highly valuable tool for determining the role and mechanism of action of essential fatty acids. In our opinion it is very interesting to use differences between fish and mammals to apprehend all the specific biological processes related to the presence of essential fatty acids in the organism. PMID- 7001982 TI - [Formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants]. AB - Higher plants synthesize large amounts of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids by progressive desaturation of oleic acid. Plant desaturases are active only during a short period of the development of seeds or leaves. 14C-oleate desaturation has been followed experimentally in various plants (Rapeseed, Sunflower, Flax and Potato). With aged potato slices, it has been shown that oleate-desaturase is an inducible enzymatic system. With microsomes isolated from aged potato-slices, 14C oleoyl-CoA has been desaturated in vitro. Recent results suggest that oleoyl phosphatidylcholine is the true substrate of the desaturation system. The formation of the alpha-linolenic acid of chloroplasts has not been obtained in vitro, up to now. In vivo, the newly formed linolenic acid is found in chloroplast galactolipids. In conclusion, difference between animal and plant desaturases are underlined. PMID- 7001984 TI - [Polyunsaturated fatty acids and pregnancy]. PMID- 7001985 TI - [Effect of the unsaturation of lipids fatty acids on the structure and function of the cytoplasmic membranes of E. coli]. AB - The results presented in this paper establish relationships between structural, morphological and functional properties of cytoplasmic membrane vesicles isolated from an E. coli unsaturated fatty auxotroph. The membranes were isolated from cells grown in the presence of either oleic, linolenic or elaidic acids. High angle X-ray diffraction studies show that order-disorder transitions induced by temperature variation sand associated with the hydrocarbon chains of the lipids are a function of the fatty acid composition of the membranes. In some cases, "cocrystallization" of various lipid species takes place within a single type of ordered domains. In other cases, there is a segregation of various lipid species into more than one distinct type of ordered domain. The various order-disorder transitions observed, induce morphological changes in the hydrophobic core of the membranes which can be detected by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. A random distribution of particles on the fracture faces is observed when the hydrocarbon chains of the lipids are disordered. Upon ordering of the hydrocarbon chains, particles are excluded from the ordered domains and as a consequence, smooth areas and areas with dense ly packed particles are observed. Discontinuities in the rate of energy-dependent beta-galactoside uptake as a function of temperature correlate with the order-disorder transitions observed. The increased slope of the Arrhenius representation in the temperature region of the transition is associated with the segregation of the carrier proteins excluded from the ordered membrane domains and their subsequent aggregation in the membrane domains containing the disordered lipids. PMID- 7001986 TI - [Turnover of fatty acids in cell membranes]. AB - The turn-over of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane is carried out through three differet ways: 1) de novo synthesis of lipids, 2) fatty acyl chains and/or polar head replacement (transacylation processes), 3) exchange with plasma lipoproteins. De novo synthesis takes place in microsomes. Then phospholipids are exported towards other subcellular structures, carried by exchange proteins or spreadontby lateral diffusion. Polar head groups are modified by transmethylation (PE leads to PC), by decarboxylation (PS leads to PE) or by base-exchange reaction (ethanolamine/serine/inositol) in various subcellular loci. Transacylation process implies three enzymatic steps: A1/A2 phospholipases, acyl CoA synthetase, acyl CoA-lysoderivatives transacylated. It is localized on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane (plasma membranes and microsomes) and in mitochondrial membranes. Lipid exchange occurs primarily with the outer halve of the cytoplasmic membrane and penetrates through the so-called "flip-flop" mechanism or in especially organized (non-bilayer) parts of the membrane. This fatty acids turn-over could play a role in various membrane functions: 1) release of fatty acids acting as precursors of PG or TXA, 2) adaptation of physical parameters of the membrane (fluidity, phases segregation), 3) steady state for membrane composition asymmetry. Their disturbances could account or diseases seen in plasma fatty acids abnormalities. PMID- 7001987 TI - [Essential fatty acids in cardiovascular physiopathology]. AB - Numerous studies have shown that a limitation of dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol associated with an increase in linoleic acid consumption lowers high blood cholesterol level (a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis). Besides the importance of dietary fatty acid composition in determining blood lipoprotein concentrations, it has been shown that increased intake of dietary linoleic acid influences arterial thrombosis tendency in rats and improves blood platelet function in man. Linoleic acid rich diets also loffer arterial blood pressure in salt loaded rats and in hypertensive men. Moreover, these diets improve heart function in rats as measured by coronary perfusion rate and ventricular work. These favourable effects of linoleic acid on various risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are observed at dietary levels which largely exceed the minimum amount required to prevent or cure the essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome. It is evident that the study of the physiological effects of linoleic acid goes beyond the scope of this syndrome. Essential fatty acids have structural functions as integral part of membrane phospholipids and dynamic functions as precursors of prostaglandins. On account of their structural function, the essential fatty acids influence the fluidity of biomembranes and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and receptor systems. Certain physiological effects of dietary linoleic acid would be explained via this mechanism. Moreover linoleic acid is known to regulate the endogenous prostaglandin biosynthesis. Though incomplete, the knowledge gained fully justifies the application of preventive measures proposed by numerous expert committees for groups of populations with a high rate of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7001988 TI - [Essential fatty acids and the platelet membrane in relation to aggregation]. AB - In man as in animals, the intake of long chain saturated fatty acids (14:0, 16:0, 18:0) representing 95% of the human diet saturated fatty acids, induce a similar increase in platelet functions (coagulation and aggregation to thrombin) to this found in coronary patients or subjects highly susceptible to coronary disease. These platelet function abnormalities resemble those observed in essential fatty acids deficient animals both being characterized, in the platelet phospholipids, by an increase in 18:1 and 20:3 omega 9, at the expense of the fatty acids from the omega 6 series. The platelet function and composition changes can be reversed by increasing the dietary intake of 18:2, a specific effect (at least for polyunsaturated fatty acids) since it cannot be reproduced by a monoeme such as oleic acid. PMID- 7001989 TI - [Dynamic study of the changes in the composition of fatty acids in serum lipid fractions under a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids]. AB - Appropriate adjustment of diet and specially reduction of the saturated fatty acids content is the cornerstone of correcting many hyperlipidemias. What we have tried in our study was first to show the evolution of the changes in the serum's fatty acids composition under a rich polyunsaturated fatty acids diet, second to find an index proving that the diet had correctly been taken. Chromatographic analysis were performed after ultracentrifugal separation of the lipoprotein fractions. Seven volunteers, non fat, and normolipemics were selected. Samples were collected every three or five days before and during the diet. The whole test lasted twenty days. What had been shown is that the linoleic acid content increased but the one of the oleic acid decreased in all lipoprotein fractions. Those changes are bestly illustrated by using the (formula: see text) ratio as a kinetic index. The triglycerid fraction modifications are faster than the phospholipid's one. Concerning the other fatty acids, the modifications are less spectacular : the palmitic acid decrease in every lipids fractions and the palmitoleic acid has a significant decrease only in the esterified cholesterol. And the stearic acid has no variation at least significatively. PMID- 7001990 TI - [Implications of the incorporation of transisomers of unsaturated fatty acids into cell membranes]. AB - The incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids is shown into intestinal brush border and heart mitochondrial membranes obtained from rats fed with either partially hydrogenated soybean oil or with a synthetic triglyceride containing elaidic or linelaidic acid. The distribution of dietary linelaidate in the major phospholipid classes from inner membranes of mitochondria is determined. Heart mitochondria from normal rats and linelaidic acid fed rats are compared with respect to their swelling rate and their oxidative phosphorylation. The influence of dietary linelaidate on the activity of some brush border-associated enzymes is also studied. On the basis of the authors' observations and those made by others with microorganism cels or models of biological membranes (liposomes and monomolecular films), the possible implications of trans fatty acids incorporation on membrane functions are reviewed. PMID- 7001991 TI - [Polyunsaturated fatty acids and aging. Lipofuscins : structure, origin and development]. AB - In the last century, dense, pigmented bodies were observed on nerve cell sections, and the quantity of those pigments in the neurons was correlated to the age of the individual. Light microscopy has shown the presence of the pigments in the cells of most tissues and organs in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and they have also been seen in cultured cells. However, these commonly found cellular components have only have studied in detail since the last 25 years, using electron microscopic, histochemical and biochemical techniques to try to describe their nature, origin, development and possible physiological role. The comparable morphology, composition and physicochemical properties of these various pigments indicate that they are all produced by the same biochemical mechanism, including: 1) the peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cellular membranes by free radicals; 2) the reaction of lipid peroxidation end products(s) with proteins, giving fluorescent polymerized compounds; 3) the combination of those polymerized elements and the peroxidized lipids. Different names have been used for these pigments, the most common of which in English are: "age pigment", "ceroid" and "lipofuscins". However, due to their common origin and their fluorescence, they are tended to be grouped under the term lipofuscins (in French: lipofuscines). Recent studies have confirmed that cellular lipofuscin concentration is definitely related to the physiological age of the individual. This concentration varies depending on the tissue and the organ; it is controlled by intrinsic regulatory factors, but also by environmental conditions, such as nutrition, physical activity, stress and hygienic conditions. PMID- 7001993 TI - Polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E : their importance in human nutrition. AB - It is accepted that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and vitamin E are interrelated, but the nature of the relationship is still highly controversial. There is non unanimity of opinion with respect to methods for detecting moderate deficiencies in vitamin E. The methods vary depending on the species studied due to inter-species variations on the physiological consequences of PUFA and vitamin E consumption. Studies on man are rare, but have permitted to identify groups which are particularly sensitive to a disequilibrium in PUFA and vitamin E intake, notably as a function of age or nutritional state. The effectiveness of PUFA and vitamine E varies in pathological conditions. Recommended allowances values can only be temporary because of the limits of our knowledge. In man PUFA and vitamin E are of interest primarily for disease prevention and secondarily for therapy. Vitamin E acts both to limit the peroxydation of fats and an antitoxic substance. The concentrations of PUFA and vitamin E are different in blood and tissue, and vary from one tissue to another. Vitamin E is supplied by a number of food sources, but certain oils have the advantage of providing simultaneously vitamin E and PUFA in biologically adequate proportions for man. PMID- 7001992 TI - [Polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and selenium in the modern breeding of animals for slaughter]. PMID- 7001994 TI - [Inhibition of the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by superoxide dismutase]. AB - In this comprehensive approach, inhibition of autoxidation of PUFA by SOD or other enzymes has been studied. The systems used were: 1) in miscible media in which enzyme, substrat, and peroxidation products are soluble; 2) in non-miscible media such as emulsions; 3) in heterogenous media containing subcellular fragments or whole blended tissue. Depending on experimental conditions, inhibition or activation of peroxidation by SOD can be observed in miscible systems. Other enzymes such as phospholipase A, xanthine oxidase, or horseradish peroxidase are protective in heterogeneous media. Moreover, PUFA hydroperoxide are scavenged by glutathione peroxidase which thus could lessen the autocatalytic effects encountered during peroxidation. Enzymatic inhibition of autoxidation in emulsions was not observed. We conclude that superoxide ion does not play a major role in the initiation of peroxidation and that it may very well act as a free radical chain terminator. In addition, other enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, horseradish peroxidase or phospholipase A show an effective although empirical protection against autoxidation in homogenates of tissues. PMID- 7001995 TI - [Heated oils : analytical aspects]. AB - About four hundred compounds from fatty acid molecule's clivage, oxidation and polymerisation have been isolated from heated fats. Because of this complexity, two steps of analysis will be considered: --an elaborate analysis: its aim is a best separation and characterisation of the components. It takes a long time and a great deal of means. Required for a basis knowledge, it is a guide for a control analysis; --a control analysis determinating the chemical compounds of a same family or with a similar structure. Thanks to specific methods oxiacids or oxidized glycerides and some cyclic-monomeres are determinated. The column chromatographies are able to separate unaltered compounds from the total polar artefacts, a gas chromatography with an internal standard is used for determing the cyclic monomeres. Heated fats and oils are also tested by a number of methods which involve identification of chemical and physical characteristics. Some examples are given. PMID- 7001996 TI - [Recent research on the physiological effects of various types of compounds present in heated fats]. AB - Combe, Constantin and Entressangles's work on the intestinal absorption of various new compounds formed during the heating of fats revealed that most of these compounds may pass through the intestinal mucosa, but that the absorption rate varies from a type of compound to another one. Among all the compounds present in the heated fats, the fraction of cyclic monomers was the most studied; previous works revealed that this fraction was toxic. However recent result of Iwaoka and Perkins seem to indicate that cyclic monomers are well tolerated by rats and induce only a slight effect on lipid metabolism; these surprising results may be due to the fact that the cyclic monomers are well tolerated by rats and induce only a slight effect on lipid metabolism; these surprising results may be due to the fact that the cyclic monomers used by Iwaoka and Perkins included only cyclohexadienic and aromatic compounds; Saito and Kaneda indeed obtained marked toxic effects with cyclic monomers including in particular compounds with cyclohexanic, cyclohexenic and cyclohexyl 1,2 diylidene structures; on the other hand, Potteau, Dubois and Rigaud identified after hydrogenation not only cyclohexanic compounds but also compounds with disubstituted cyclopentanic and hexahydroindane structure, in thermopolymerizated or thermally oxidized oils, which proved to be toxic to experimental animals, in particular in breeding experiments. Some experimental facts suggest a system of detoxification consisting in particular in the urinary glucuronide excretion. The apolar thermic polymers (cyclic or not) are little absorbed and produce few or no physiological effect; however they can be found again in appreciable amounts in adipose tissue (Billek and Rost) or in liver (Perkins and Taubold). Very little is known on the other fractions present in the heated fats, except that the fraction of oxidized acids can globally prove to be toxic. Alexander's work does not seem quite convincing to us: the statement according which oils rich in monoenic fatty acids would be more toxic after heating than the oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids is not based on reliable experimental results. PMID- 7001997 TI - [Elongation of fatty acids in the nervous system]. AB - Brain contains two families of fatty acids, their localization and thus their function are different. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are mainly found in grey matter and are related to neuronal activity: C20:4 and C22:6 (omega 6 and omega 3, respectively) are quantitatively very important; it is not known if their synthesis occurs in situ (from C18 - essential fatty acids only in trace amount in brain) or if they originate from an extracerebral pool. Saturated fatty acids are mainly found in myelin. Saturated fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in three subcellular comportments: cytosol, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: the same enzymes elongate saturated as well as monounsaturated homologues. In contrast the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids is hardly known: elongation desaturation mechanisms shown in the liver are also possibly present in the brain. The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis is studied at two levels: - level of metabolic pathways: occurence of elongation is related to cell differciation, lipidic receptors being also involved; --level of enzymatic activities: elongation is the result of successive reaction and regulation is acting on condensing enzyme for saturated fatty acid biosynthesis, this enzyme determines kinetics of the overall chain lengthening and the chain length specificity. PMID- 7001998 TI - Factors affecting the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain and their utilization for prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7001999 TI - [Arachidonic acid in arterial tissue]. PMID- 7002001 TI - Clinical and experimental studies of the effects of pulverized fuel ash--a review. PMID- 7002000 TI - [Distribution of the fatty acids of the oyster C. gigas in different lipid fractions]. AB - Extraction of oyster lipids were carried out on total wet organic tissues with a mixture of chloroform-methanol. The different fractions of polar and not polar lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the methyl esters of the constituant fatty acids has been prepared by transmethylation a cold for use in subsequent gas-liquid chromatography (open tubular gas chromatography). The oyster contained considerable proportions of C16:0 and heiglhly unsaturated acids (specially in lecithin and cephalin) of C20, C22 series which are characteristic of the lipids of most acquatic plants and animals. Studies were made of the seasonal variations. PMID- 7002002 TI - [Electronystagmograhy in disseminated sclerosis. Uses and limits (author's transl)]. AB - A review of the literature shows the extreme frequency of nystagmus and changes in vestibular reflexes in disseminated sclerosis. During the course of this disease, it is possible to detect nystagmus in at least two-thirds of cases and in a similar proportion there are changes in vestibular reflexes, usually a hyperreflexia, especially in the early phases of disseminated sclerosis. Subjectively the patients rarely complain of vertigo and such symptoms are in any case part of the early form of the disease. On the other hand, disorders of balance are much more frequent but the factors involved are numerous, and the role of the vestibular system is often debatable. Electronystagmography and oculography demonstrate the extreme frequency of spontaneous or fixed gaze nystagmus in this disease, as well as the extreme frequency of changes in conjugated eye movements; changes in reflex, voluntary and automatic conjugated eye movements. As a matter of fact, there are many kinds of nystagmus which are not related to any changes in the vestibular system, but which are rather more part of the overal changes of conjugated eye movements. Seen in this light, electronystagmography and oculography, by exploring the different kinds of conjugated eye movement, can help decisively in the diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis by revealing changes which reflect damage to the brain stem, lesions which are clinically very often silent. In this way the diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis may be confirmed. Furthermore, electronystagmography can easily suggest another diagnosis, other than the early form of disseminated sclerosis of the vestibular type. PMID- 7002003 TI - Innominate artery compression of the trachea in infants with reflex apnea. AB - Compression of the trachea by an anomalous innominate artery in association with reflex apnea is a frequent cause of respiratory arrest in infants. Once considered, tracheoscopy is mandatory to rule out this disorder. Surgical correction of this condition by innominate arteriopexy has proven to be a very effective method of management. Seventy-eight patients with tracheal compression by an anomalous innominate artery managed by the authors at The Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago between January 1977 and December 1979 are presented. In this series, 28 patients had a history of one or more episodes of reflex apnea; all of these patients underwent an innominate arteriopexy. A complete review of this syndrome and methods of its diagnosis are scrutinized. We agree with previous authors that reflex apnea is a definite indication for surgical correction of this vascular anomaly causing tracheal compression, but other indications are delineated. PMID- 7002004 TI - Internal laryngocele and saccular cysts in children. AB - Two children, one with an internal laryngocele and the other with a lateral saccular cyst are described. The anatomy, classification, and history of these unusual lesions are described. The diagnosis and management are discussed. An external approach is suggested for the more persistent cases. PMID- 7002005 TI - [A case of trichinosis with skin manifestations and false positive syphilis serology]. PMID- 7002006 TI - A rapid, simple method of mounting split-thickness skin grafts on a dermacarrier prior to meshing. PMID- 7002007 TI - Transfer of free skin grafts with a preserved subcutaneous vascular network. AB - We present our new approach for preserved subcutaneous vascular network (PSVN) skin transplantation. To confirm the revascularization of the grafts, we undertook a microscopic study and found that, because of the rich anascroscopic study and found that, because of the rich anastomotic communication between the recipient vessels and the PSVN on the undersurface of the skin graft, successful adaptation to the recipient bed is achieved--enhancing the transplantability of the skin graft. We also noted that the absence of injury to the dermis of the graft permits the undersurface of the graft to be in contact with the raw surface with a minimum of scar formation. Finally, neither contracture nor wrinkling of the skin grafts was observed during the six-year follow-up study. PMID- 7002008 TI - Human tail and other abnormalities of the lumbosacrococcygeal region relating to tethered cord syndrome. AB - The author describes 2 instances of surgical exploration and treatment of human tail, which he believes is important in relieving tethered cord syndrome. Simple excision of human tail or other suspicious abnormalities may prevent the diagnosis and important early treatment of tethered cord syndrome. PMID- 7002009 TI - Evaluation of Stahl's ear, third crus of antihelix. AB - In our unit, 38 patients with Stahl's ear were seen in thirteen years. We found no characteristic distribution, in terms of either sex or affected side. We classified the condition into four types, and corrected it by excision of a narrow strip of cartilage and mattress sutures or in some cases by turning over the elliptical cartilage. PMID- 7002010 TI - A new method for the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip. AB - The author reports primary repair of complete unilateral cleft lip using three flaps: (1) a small triangular flap at the vermilion border; (2) a large triangular flap at the upper lip; and (3) an alar flap. This method has the advantages that the design can be made by any beginner in plastic surgery, reconstruction of the nostril floor is simple, operative results are good and constant even for a beginner; and retardation of the maxilla is minimal or nonexistent. PMID- 7002011 TI - Silicone rubber band treatment of rectal prolapse. AB - Fifty-two patients with rectal prolapse have been treated by the silicone rubber band perianal suture technique and satisfactory results have been obtained in 46 (89%). Eleven patients required reoperation to achieve this result. The procedure is a minor one, with little morbidity and no mortality. Provided that faecal impaction can be avoided in patients having this operation a successful outcome, can be expected. It is recommended especially for the frail and elderly with rectal prolapse. PMID- 7002012 TI - Different letters from the past. 4) Horatio, Viscount Nelson to Earl Spencer. PMID- 7002013 TI - Progress and frustration in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Advances -- and lack of them -- in our understanding of the aetiology, nature, and treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease during the past 30 years are reviewed with special reference to personal experience. PMID- 7002014 TI - Surgery of the foot in falcons: a historic operation. AB - The history of diseases of the feet in falcons is briefly outlined; such diseases were recognised in Britain as long ago as the fifteenth century. The severity of the lesions varies and may conveniently be divided into three types. Surgery is of value in the treatment of Type-2 lesions and consists of the removal, under general anaesthesia, of infected and necrotic material. PMID- 7002017 TI - Children's language disorders: recent research advances. AB - Between 3 and 8% of preschool children in Britain and the United States are delayed in their language development by more than a year below the normal range. Evidence suggests that such children are particularly impaired in acquiring syntactic and morphological rules, although well-defined syndromes of impaired language development have not yet been determined. The effects of preschool impairments in language development on subsequent school achievement are significant: 60% of these children are in special classes for the learning impaired at 9 years of age. Auditory processing deficits have been demonstrated in language-impaired children, but the contributions of such deficits to language development difficulties have yet to be determined. While autistic children have severe cognitive disorders and visual and auditory perceptual disturbances, the difficulties of nonautistic language-impaired children seem confined more to language expression and comprehension. Recent neuropsychological evidence concerning brain organization for language behavior suggests that these children have deficiencies in language functions which normally depend on left hemisphere functioning. PMID- 7002016 TI - Enumeration of haemopoietic progenitors (CFU-C and BFU-E) in liquid microculture using a limiting dilution analysis. AB - In order to overcome the difficulty of scoring multicentric colonies of haemopoietic progenitor cells, cultures in 10 microliter of liquid medium were grown. Plated at three different cell concentrations, progenitor cells (CFU-C or BFU-E) are not present in all wells. Their presence is easily scored in each well of microculture 7 days after incubation. A limiting dilution analysis allows one to obtain accurate quantification. PMID- 7002019 TI - EEG characteristics in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7002018 TI - Section of the pituitary stalk in the rhesus monkey: morphological and endocrine observations. AB - The effect of sectioning the pituitary stalk on the hypothalamic magnocellular system of the rhesus monkey was studied by specific immunocytochemical techniques. Regeneration of the proximal stump with reconstitution of a "new" neurohypophysis occurred as early as three weeks after operation, illustrating the remarkable regenerative ability of the system. The functional capacity of the newly formed neurovascular units was also tested, and the results indicate that they not only resume basal secretion of posterior pituitary hormones, but are also able to increase their output in response to a variety of challenges. PMID- 7002015 TI - Differentiation signal defect of splenic cells from LPS-treated mice. AB - Spleen cells from mice sensitized with 10 microgram of LPS given intravenously are unable, when stimulated in vitro 48 h after this treatment, to respond to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Addition of T-cell replacing factors (TRF) to these cells restores their capacity to mount an anti-SRBC immune response. Killing of the cells proliferating under antigen stimulation by highly radioactive thymidine leads to the suppression of the anti-SRBC response observed in the presence of TRF. These experiments suggests that the proliferative events leading to the expansion of B cell precursors under antigen stimulation is not impaired by the treatment by LPS. These preliminary data show that the defect is linked to the lack of signals leading to the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 7002020 TI - Altered protein composition of isolated human cortical neurons in Alzheimer disease. AB - To characterize the protein composition of degenerating neurons in Alzheimer disease, enriched fractions of isolated cortical neurons from postmortem Alzheimer brain were compared by ultrastructural and biochemical techniques to neuronal isolates from aged normal controls and from patients with the nonfibrillary degenerative dementia, Huntington disease. Electron microscopy of isolated neurons showed well-preserved organelles, including nuclear membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lipofuscin. Abundant paired helical filaments (PHF) were preserved in affected Alzheimer perikarya. In both sporadic and familial Alzheimer disease, sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed marked augmentation of a 20,000 mw protein (P20) in neuronal fractions from affected cortex compared to Huntington disease patients and controls. P20 was commonly increased in hippocampal, temporal, and frontal neurons but not in cortex free of PHF. The augmentation of P20 in Alzheimer disease samples appeared to correlate with the presence of PHF-bearing neurons in the fractions. The increase in P20 in Alzheimer disease was observed in the presence of proteolysis inhibitors, in reverse-sieved samples, and in whole cortical homogenates. Neurofilament proteins, tubulins, and a 50,000 mw protein showed no changes. In Huntington disease, marked augmentation of a 49,000 mw protein was found in striatal but not cortical homogenates. The relationship of these findings to the biochemistry of brain fibrous proteins and to the molecular pathology of Alzheimer disease is discussed. PMID- 7002021 TI - Recent taxonomic developments and changes in medical mycology. PMID- 7002022 TI - Modified bases in bacteriophage DNAs. PMID- 7002023 TI - Natural beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7002024 TI - Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of mycotoxins: DNA binding as a possible mode of action. PMID- 7002025 TI - Ore leaching by bacteria. PMID- 7002027 TI - The immunological activities of bacterial peptidoglycans. PMID- 7002028 TI - Diseases of humans (other than cholera) caused by vibrios. PMID- 7002026 TI - Chlamydiae. PMID- 7002029 TI - Chemical and fuel production by anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7002030 TI - Plasmid-mediated factors associated with virulence of bacteria to animals. PMID- 7002031 TI - Virus-like particles of yeast. PMID- 7002032 TI - Natural populations of the genus Staphylococcus. PMID- 7002033 TI - Defective interfering influenza viruses. PMID- 7002035 TI - The genus Spiroplasma. PMID- 7002034 TI - Genetics of Erwinia species. PMID- 7002036 TI - The regulation of hydrogenase formation as a differentiating character of strains of Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - Paracoccus denitrificans strains Stanier 381 (DSM 65), Morris (DSM 413), and Vogt 11 (DSM 415) and eleven newly isolated strains were compared with respect to the localization of hydrogenase and its regulation. In all strains hydrogenase was found to be membrane-bound and not able to reduce pyridine nucleotides. The enzyme was inducible in strain 381 and was found only in cells grown with hydrogen as the sole hydrogen donor; in cells grown under mixotrophic or heterotrophic conditions the hydrogenase activity was zero. In all other strains hydrogenase was constitutive and was present in cells grown under autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Under the latter conditions the specific hydrogenase activity was even higher than under mixotrophic conditions. PMID- 7002038 TI - Index provides another way to assess sterility. PMID- 7002037 TI - Directory of specialty nursing courses: OR. PMID- 7002039 TI - Enhancement of alpha-methylglucoside efflux by respiration in respiratory mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7002040 TI - Proteolysis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. I. Selective degradation of thylakoid pigment--protein complexes at the outer membrane surface. PMID- 7002041 TI - Proteolysis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. II. Evidence for the involvement of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex in thylakoid stacking and for effects of magnesium ions on photosystem II-light-harvesting complex aggregates in the absence of membrane stacking. PMID- 7002042 TI - Evidence that cytochrome b is the antimycin-binding component of the yeast mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. PMID- 7002043 TI - Formation of active isozymes I and III by reassociation of separated subunits of isozyme I of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7002044 TI - Stimulation of yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis by postpolysomal supernatants from yeast, rat liver, and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002047 TI - The ectodermal dysplasias. Problems of classification and some newer syndromes. AB - The ectodermal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that, in the past, has included conditions best classified as progeroid disorders. The inaccuracy of the terminology has led to a proliferation of syndromes in which the patients are said to have poorly defined "ectodermal dysplasia," and a real need exists to define that appellation further. We suggest that the term "ectodermal dysplasia" be limited to those disorders that are congenital, are diffusely present, are not progressive, and do involve the epidermis and at least one of the appendages. We recognize that a heterogeneous group of disorders remains that generically have certain similarities. Not enough is known about the defects in each of the elements of the skin affected in these conditions to classify them more accurately. Several recently described disorders appear to have some degree of ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 7002046 TI - Ulcerative lichen planus. Follow-up of surgical excision and grafting. AB - Four patients with ulcerative lichen planus of the feet underwent total excision and split-thickness skin grafting of the affected areas. One patient underwent grafting in 1951, and remained free of recurrent ulcers for 26 years. Another, who had an 18-year follow-up after grafting, required an additional procedure. The possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in ulcerative lichen planus is considerable, lending further support to the concept that excision with grafting is the treatment of choice for these lesions. PMID- 7002045 TI - Significance of the enzyme complex that synthesizes UMP in Ehrlich ascites cells. PMID- 7002048 TI - Treatment of pressure ulcers. PMID- 7002049 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7002051 TI - Barrier properties of vernix caseosa. AB - Experiments are described which show that vernix caseosa has a mechanical barrier effect if it is deposited in an unbroken layer. Specific antibacterial properties were not detected in vernix. It is suggested that vernix is best left on a newborn infant because of its mechanical obstruction to bacterial passage. PMID- 7002050 TI - Artificial surfactant and natural surfactant. Comparative study of the effects on premature rabbit lungs. AB - Premature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation, were treated with tracheal deposition of dry artificial surfactant containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated phosphatidylglycerol (7:3), or crude natural surfactant prepared by centrifugation of lung wash from adult rabbits. Before receiving surfactant, the animals were allowed to breathe for 7--27 min; they were then subjected to artificial ventilation under standardised conditions. In comparison with littermate controls, both groups of surfactant-treated animals showed statistically significant improvement in lung-compliance 30 and 60 min after onset of ventilation. However, necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium and hyaline membranes was present in nearly all animals, even in those treated with natural surfactant; this suggests that in order to prevent epithelial lesions, surfactant should be given as soon as possible and preferably at birth. Our findings confirm earlier observations that treatment with supplementary surfactant has a beneficial effect on lung mechanics in the premature neonate. The fact that this effect can be obtained not only with natural surfactant but also with dry artificial surfactant should increase the possibility of clinical application. PMID- 7002054 TI - Hypoxia in a neonate caused by intermittent positive pressure ventilation. AB - A newborn baby receiving mechanical ventilation was noted to have an extremely variable degree of hypoxia, despite the administration of 100% oxygen. The hypoxia was relieved rapidly when mechanical ventilation was withdrawn. PMID- 7002053 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating cystic fibrosis in childhood. AB - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, known to be associated with cystic fibrosis in older patients, occurred in 7 young atopic children with cystic fibrosis. The diagnosis was suggested by the onset of, or the increase in, asthmatic symptoms accompanied by major chest x-ray changes ranging from total collapse of a lung or lobe to extensive but changing areas of consolidation. Each of the children had a blood eosinophilia, positive type I skin tests to Aspergillus fumigatus, and reversible airways obstruction. Most had a positive type III skin test and circulating precipitins to A. fumigatus, with raised IgE levels which contained specific antibodies to the fungus on radioallergosorbent (RAST) test. None had advanced suppurative chest disease of cystic fibrosis. None was given specific antifungal agents; two received systemic treatment with corticosteroids, the other received additional drugs for their asthma. Two developed total collapse of one lung, one child being only 2 years old. Five have had recurrences of pulmonary shadowing typical of allergic aspergillosis but are not showing significant progression of their cystic fibrosis lung disease. Our experience suggests that there should be an increased awareness of this condition, particularly its association with extensive pulmonary collapse or consolidation in children with cystic fibrosis who are atopic. PMID- 7002052 TI - Perinatal mortality. PMID- 7002055 TI - Lactoferrin in human milk: its role in iron absorption and protection against enteric infection in the newborn infant. PMID- 7002056 TI - Pseudohypoaldosteronism. AB - 10 infants are described with pseudohypoaldosteronism, 5 in detail and a further 5 briefly. They all presented with hyperkalaemia, urinary salt-wasting disease, and ostensibly normal renal and adrenocortical function. Diagnosis was established by demonstrating the greatly increased values of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, plus the increased excretion of aldosterone and its metabolites on gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of urine. The children were treated with sodium chloride supplements, up to 60 mmol/day, but by the time most of the infants were about a year old these could be stopped. Exogenous mineralocorticoids were without effect in those to whom they were administered. The precise aetiology of the condition remains conjectural; lack of renal tubular response to aldosterone seems probable. Pseudohypoaldosteronism may be more common than has been thought and new techniques for investigating salt-wasting disorders may show its true incidence. PMID- 7002057 TI - 10 years' experience with regular haemodialysis and renal transplantation. AB - 75 children aged under 15 years have entered the regular haemodialysis/renal transplant programme at Guy's Hospital in the 10 years since its inception; 13 children have subsequently died. A combination of hospital and home haemodialysis and renal transplantation was used. 64 children received 80 renal allografts; 37 1st grafts were from live, related donors and 27 were from cadaver donors. The 5 year acturial patient survival for the whole group and for those who had transplants was 76%. Live donor graft survival was 65% at 3 years, and 55% at 5 years; 1st cadaver graft survival was 42% at 3 years. Results obtained during the last 6 years of the 10-year period showed an improvement with a live related donor graft survival rate of 71%, and a 1st cadaver graft survival rate of 47% at 3 years. Particular experience was gained with home haemodialysis and live, related donor transplantation. Despite growth, and psychosocial and rehabilitation problems, the overall results were encouraging, particularly for the 46 children who had successful transplants. These children grew better, had fewer psychosocial difficulties, and were rehabilitated more successfully into normal life than those on long-term dialysis. We conclude that dialysis and transplantation should be offered to all suitable children with terminal renal failure. PMID- 7002058 TI - Antimicrobial activity of colostrum after administering killed Escherichia coli O111 vaccine orally to expectant mothers. AB - An attempt was made to see if it was possible to produce antimicrobial activity in colostrum after killed Escherichia coli O111 vaccine had been given orally to expectant mothers. The colostral samples were used in vitro for the inhibition test immediately after the start of lactation. The colostrum from 7 of the 47 vaccine-treated mothers inhibited the growth of E. coli O111 compared with only one colostrum from 101 controls. No complication has occurred either in the vaccine-treated mothers or their suckling babies. The association between the presence of antimicrobial activity in the colostrum and the time of vaccine application was insignificant. PMID- 7002059 TI - Intrathecal antitetanus serum (horse) with steroid in the treatment of neonatal tetanus. AB - 107 patients with neonatal tetanus were studied and the value of intrathecal antitetanus serum with steroid was noted. The mortality rate in a control group (68%) was significantly higher than that of the test group (37%). Furthermore, a delay in antitetanus serum administration was found to have a strong positive linear correlation with the mortality rate. In fact, the mortality rate for neonates who were given antitetanus serum 24 hours after the onset of convulsions was found to be as high as for the control group. This suggests that intrathecal antitetanus serum is ineffective unless it is administered within 24 hours of the onset of convulsions. There was no significant difference in mortality rate whether a dose of 100 units or one of 50 units antitetanus serum was given intrathecally. The mean duration in hospital for survivals of the test group (7.4 days) was significantly shorter than that for survivals of the control group (10.4 days). No complication of intrathecal antitetanus serum was observed during the study. PMID- 7002061 TI - Familial insulin resistance with pineal hyperplasia: metabolic studies and effect of hypophysectomy. AB - Mendenhall's syndrome comprises insulin-resistant diabetes, pineal hyperplasia, and various somatic anomalies. A boy with this condition now aged 12 years is reported; a similarly affected sibling died aged 7.8 years. Hypophysectomy has been of short-term benefit, but the problems of insulin resistance persist. On the basis of monocyte-binding studies it seems likely that in this condition there is an inherited deficiency of insulin receptors. PMID- 7002062 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7002063 TI - Genetic effects of chlorinated anilines and azobenzenes on Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mutagenicity of 19 herbicide-derived chlorinated azobenzenes and structurally related chlorinated anilines and nitrobenzenes was assayed towards several strains of S. typhimurium, using the plate incorporation method and the fluctuation test, in the presence or in the absence of liver post-mitochondrial fractions, in aerobic and anerobic conditions. Positive results were obtained with 4,4'-dichloroazobenzene, 4,4'-dichloroazoxybene, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene and, to a much lesser extent, with 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene. No mutagenic effect was observed with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in any condition. PMID- 7002060 TI - Renal transplantation in children less than 5 years of age. AB - 19 young children (less than 5 years old) have received 31 renal transplants from 4 live relatives and 27 cadaver donors. The 2-year allograft survival rate for the patients receiving their 1st allograft from the 4 live donors was 75 +/- 22% while for the patients receiving their 1st allograft from 15 cadaver donors was 26 +/- 11%. 10 children are currently surviving with functioning allographs (7 cadavers and 3 live relatives); 4 have died and 5 are undergoing dialysis after the loss of at least one allograft. Despite the poor allograft survival rate the fact that 7 children are surviving with cadaver allografts indicates that the lack of a living related donor should not prevent transplants in young children. PMID- 7002064 TI - The antiperinuclear factor: II. A light microscopical and immunofluorescence study on the antigenic substrate. AB - The antigenic substrate of the antiperinuclear factor (APF) in human buccal mucosa cells was studied by light microscopy, cytochemistry, and the immunofluorescence technique (IFT). The cytoplasmic granules against which the APF is directed stained basophilic in light-microscopical staining techniques. The granules did not show a positive reaction product by techniques in which special chemical components are stained, and no activity of lysosomal enzymes could be identified. The use of autoantibodies and other antisera directed to distinct tissues, components, or macromolecules did not resolve the character of the antigenic granules. In addition it was shown that human vaginal epithelial cells and cryostat sections of human and rabbit buccal and oesophageal mucosa incubated with APF-positive sera showed the same fluorescent granules in the IFT as human buccal mucosa cells. Cryostat sections of rabbit buccal and oesophageal mucosa were tested as an alternative substrate in the APF test. Since the specificity as well as the sensitivity decreased when these sections were used as a substrate, they are not suitable for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 7002066 TI - Antirheumatic activity of fenclofenac. AB - This study has set out to establish whether fenclofenac has an antirheumatic effect in addition to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The results show that during the course of a 6-month study the drug improved clinical parameters, including the articular index, early morning stiffness, ring sizes, and grip strength, and produced changes in laboratory measurements such as the levels of C-reactive protein, IgG, and rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7002065 TI - Clotrimazole in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-seven patients with active rheumatoid arthritis took part in an 8-week controlled study in which clotrimazole was compared with a standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, ketoprofen. Although clotrimazole was shown to be effective in the treatment of the disease and superior to ketoprofen in certain measurements, if was also responsible for a high incidence of adverse effects. Improvement with clotrimazole took place more slowly but was more sustained than with ketoprofen. A significant rise in plasma cortisol and a fall in white cell count was observed in the clotrimazole treated patients. PMID- 7002067 TI - Reduced prostacyclin activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - When fresh rabbit aorta is incubated with plasma, prostacyclin, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is normally released. Plasma obtained from 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) inhibited prostacyclin activity, while plasma from 22 other patients with SLE and 40 normal control subjects showed normal activity. Absence of prostacyclin activity did not appear to correlate with the clinical severity of the underlying disease. The possible association of this finding and the presence of thrombotic lesions in both patients is discussed. PMID- 7002068 TI - Standardisation of tests for antinuclear antibody. PMID- 7002069 TI - Chemotactic substances in the treatment of experimental intraperitoneal infections. AB - Since peritonitis remains a serious clinical problem, we have evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of intraperitoneally administered chemotactic substances in murine intraperitoneal infections. The injection of 10 ml of 3% thioglycollate increased the peritoneal white blood cell count of rats from 1.3 +/- 0.1 X 10(6) (mean +/- SEM) to 1.1 +/- 0.1 X 10(7) (mean +/- SEM) cells/ml. This increase in the number of intraperitoneal phagocytes resulted in reduction in mortality caused by an inoculum consisting of E. coli and hemoglobin from 68% in the control group to 29% in the thioglycollate pretreated group (p less than or equal to 0.02). Intraperitoneal injection of N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine (FMP), a chemotactically active oligopeptide, increased the intraperitoneal granulocyte count from virtually 0 to 1 X 1.9 +/- 0.53 X 10(4) (mean +/- SEM) cells/ml after 90 minutes. The rats pretreated in such a manner showed a mortality of 51% after an intraperitoneal challenge with an E. coli/hemoglobin inoculum as compared to a mortality of 72% in control animals (p less than or equal to 0.025). Thus, chemotactic substances can effectively increase the number of phagocytes and concurrently induce resistance to an intraperitoneal bacterial challenge. PMID- 7002072 TI - Biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate in Plasmodium berghei. AB - High activities of the enzymes orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylate decarboxylase, that convert orotic acid to uridine monophosphate, have been demonstrated in crude supernatants obtained from lysed Plasmodium berghei. The enzymes are inhibited in vitro by 5-azaorotate, 5-azauracil and 6-azauracil. Of these, 5-azaorotate was the most effective and could serve as the prototype of a potential antimalarial. PMID- 7002071 TI - Extracellular calcium pool decreases during deep septic shock in the baboon. PMID- 7002070 TI - Surgical correction of posttransplant renovascular hypertension. AB - The incidence of renovascular hypertension in the transplanted kidney is reported to range between 5 and 15%. A review of 391 consecutive renal transplant patients revealed 16 patients (5.4%) with hypertension secondary to partial obstruction of renal arterial blood flow. The clinical course of this group of patients was marked by early normotension followed by progressive diastolic pressure elevation, with improving renal function and loss of accumulated excess volume. Five etiologic factors are responsible for impaired arterial flow in this group of patients. Indication for operation was based on hypertension and/or impaired renal function. Patch angioplasty using saphenous veins was the procedure of choice in most instances. The average blood pressure was 185 mmHg; systolic/125 mmHg; diastolic preoperatively, compared with 140 mmHg; systolic/90 mmHg: diastolic postoperatively. Twelve of 16 patients had good results, and improvement in renal function was observed in eight patients. Serum renin levels did not correlate well with the operative findings. The use of meticulous technique, combined with maximum use of autogenous tissue, is emphasized. PMID- 7002073 TI - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis II. Quantitation of the clinical reaction to microfilaricides. AB - A method of quantitation of the clinical reaction to microfilaricides has been devised at the Onchocerciasis Chemotherapeutic Research Centre at Tamale, in the savanna area of Northern Ghana. The method employs commonly occurring reactions- pruritus, rash, glandular reactions, musculoskeletal, febrile and cardiovascular- and a scoring system with a built-in weighting factor. Although the method is time-consuming and requires close, continuous observation of patients, it should permit more specific statements to be made about the severity of clinical reactions in individual patients or in groups of patients taking similar or different doses of the same drug or taking different drugs of the same drug or taking different drugs on a comparative basis. It is recommended that quantitative methods of the clinical reaction to microfilaricides form a basic part of the assessment of any drug used in the control of onchocerciasis. PMID- 7002074 TI - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis iii. A comparative study of diethylcarbamazide (DEC) and metrifonate. AB - In a single-blind comparative study of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and metrifonate against onchocerciasis, 20 patient received a total dose of 6.6 g DEC over a two week period and 20 patients each received one dose of metrifonate 10 mg/kg body weight at ten-day intervals, three times. Both the efficacy and the severity of reaction to treatment were measured. DEC proved the more effective, destroying 98.9% of the microfilarial load while metrifonate destroyed only 75.4% (assessed one week after completion of treatment). The reaction to treatment was much more severe in patients treated with DEC. The persistence of significant postural cardiovascular effects for two weeks after the completion of DEC needs to be considered in mass therapy. The pattern of re-emergence of skin microfilariae indicated no difference between the two drugs over a six-month period. It is concluded that DEC is more effective than metrifonate and remains the 'reference' microfilaricide although its effects are more severe than those of metrifonate. PMID- 7002075 TI - A case of P. falciparum malaria in Thailand apparently resistant to quinine. PMID- 7002076 TI - Plasmodium falciparum resistance to pyrimethamine and chlorproguanil -- host or parasite dependent? PMID- 7002077 TI - Isolation of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites from cultivated schizonts bound to concanavalin A. PMID- 7002078 TI - Technique of mitral valve replacement. AB - A technique for mitral valve replacement is described that provides adequate exposure for excision of the valve and secure suturing of the annulus, even in patients with a small left atrium. The technique has been used in more than 100 patients and has resulted in only a minimal amount of perivalvular leak. PMID- 7002079 TI - The surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia. AB - Recurrent ventricular tachycardia is a well-recognized complication of ischemic heart disease. Coronary bypass operation with or without aneurysmectomy has been disappointing as therapy for these arrhythmias. With the advent of programmed electrical stimulation, it has become possible to distinguish automatic and reentrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The latter have recently proved amenable to operative intervention. This review examines the pathophysiology and diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia using programmed electrical stimulation. Surgical therapy with resection, revascularization, autonomic modulation, thermal ablation, cardiac pacing, reentrant circuit interruption, and endocardial excision is explored. Operation for cardiac arrhythmias is on a firm electrophysiological foundation. Surgical treatment of refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias is now rational, recommended, and rewarding. PMID- 7002080 TI - Multiple forms of boar, bull, and human acrosin. AB - Analytical disk gel electrophoresis with staining techniques for amidohydrolase activity at pH 7.6 demonstrated that partially purified acrosomal extracts of ejaculated bull, boar, and human spermatozoa contained three, apparently four, and two fractions, respectively, with acrosin-like activity. Acrosin amidohydrolase activity is present in the gels incubated in the staining medium at pH 5.0. Some methods for the extraction of human acrosin have been compared. These consist essentially of the extraction by detergent treatment and the extraction by acid procedures. Acid extraction of human spermatozoa yields a higher amount of acrosin than does detergent extraction; the acrosin specific activity, extracted by these methods, seems to be similar. PMID- 7002081 TI - Effect of ethanol on basal and arginine-stimulated plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon in fasted unanesthetized rabbits. AB - Plasma glucose, insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) levels were determined in fasting unanesthetized rabbits following pretreatment of either saline or ethanol (1.5 g/kg p.o.) and i.v. infusion of either saline or arginine (10 mg/kg/min for 30 min). Ethanol lowered plasma glucose and IRI levels but raised IRG levels in rabbits infused with saline. Arginine-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were markedly suppressed by ethanol so that any further increase expected by the infusion of arginine was minimized. Thus, ethanol not only alters basal levels of IRI, IRG and glucose but also suppresses arginine-stimulated levels as well. PMID- 7002083 TI - Bullous pemphigoid as a manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - We describe a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and bullous pemphigoid. Initial treatment with high-dose prednisone (60 mg/day for 14 days) failed to prevent occurrence of new skin lesions. After the addition of chlorambucil, 6 mg/day, and tapering the prednisone dosage, no new skin lesions appeared, and the bullous lesions rapidly resolved. We were unable to isolate an antibody produced by leukemic lymphocytes that is directed against subepithelial basement membrane. Nevertheless, we believe that bullous pemphigoid can be a peripheral manifestation of an underlying disease such as CLL. Confirmation of this would be aided by the isolation of antibody produced by leukemic cells that is directed against subepithelial basement membrane. PMID- 7002084 TI - Effects of captopril on both hypertension and proteinuria. Report of a case of renovascular hypertension associated with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7002082 TI - Inhibition of hydralazine-induced renin release by indomethacin in the rat. AB - Renal prostaglandins (PG) appear to mediate the release of renin due to activation of the intrarenal baroreceptor and stimulation of the renal sympathetic nerves. Since the vasodilator hydralazine is thought to stimulate renin release by both of these mechanisms, we examined the effect of indomethacin, a PG synthetase inhibitor, on hydralazine-induced renin release. Hydralazine increased the serum renin levels from 3.3 +/- 0.5 to 13.7 +/- 3.1 and 41.9 +/- 2.4 ng/ml/hr at the 1 and 10 mg/kg doses, respectively. Indomethacin inhibited this hydralazine-induced renin release by 100% at the 1 mg/kg dose and 36% at the 10 mg/kg dose even though the hypotensive effect of the drug was unaltered. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) also suppressed urinary PGE2 excretion by 60% (p < 0.001). The beta-blocker, propranolol, was as effective as indomethacin in attenuating hydralazine-induced renin release. Additionally, propranolol blocked the tachycardia associated with hydralazine and slightly enhanced the hypotensive action of the drug. When indomethacin and propranolol were combined, no further inhibition of hydralazine-induced renin release was observed. Thus, renal PG's appear to be important as mediators of hydralazine-stimulated renin release but no hydralazine-induced vasodilatation. PMID- 7002085 TI - Pseudomonas putrefaciens and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus septicemia. AB - Pseudomonas putrefaciens was isolated twice in blood cultures from which group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were concurrently isolated from a moribund woman. Only once previously has P putrefaciens bacteremia been reported. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first blood isolate of P putrefaciens, albeit with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, associated with fatal septicemia. PMID- 7002086 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae septicemia. AB - We report the first known case of septicemia caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It occurred nosocomially in a hyperalimented burned man. It is a rare example of disease caused by S cerevisiae, which, like many saprophytes, can become pathogenic in the debilitated. The case is remarkable for its apparent origin in a bleeding esophageal lesion, for its clinical characteristics, including profound neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypothermia, and monocytopenia, and for its cure by amphotericin B. PMID- 7002089 TI - [Situation and perspectives of tumor chemotherapy from experimental viewpoint (author's transl)]. AB - In a reveiw article the origin, the present position, and the possibilities of further development of tumour chemotherapy are described. The central problems in preparing new substances and combinations with more selective activity, and different forms of carriers with promising perspectives are discussed. PMID- 7002088 TI - [Lysozyme levels in gastrointestinal mucous membrane extracts of swine and their response to immunization with Escherichia coli mutants]. AB - Pigs of various age groups were found to have lyzozyme in all segments of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, though typical Paneth's cells were absent. While no significant difference was found to exist between gastro intestinal lyzozyme concentrations in store pigs, on the one hand, and sows, on the other, lyzozyme levels in piglets before weaning were found to differ by positions. Those in the distal jejunum were significantly higher than the proximal jejunum values, while the large intestine levels were below those of the ileum. The lyzozyme concentrations in all intestinal sections of store pigs were significantly in excess of those in piglets before weaning, all except for the stomach level. The proximal and distal jejunum and large intestine values and concentrations of that ferment in sows were lower than those in store pigs. Lyzozyme concentrations in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and in the lymph nodes of weaned piglets could not be raised by intraperitoneal nor oral immunisation, using Smd Escherichia coli mutants of serogroup O149:K91(B), K88ac. The above findings are discussed under the aspect of new insights into the importance of lyzozyme to local defence in the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 7002090 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in the conception of multimodal cancer treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Without any doubt remarkable progress in the field of adjuvant cancer chemotherapy after local-regional treatment has been achieved during the last decade. Nevertheless the real results are behind our expectations basing on theoretical and experimental considerations. Therefore adjuvant cancer chemotherapy should be used only within controlled clinical trials. Routine application of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy or combined radiological and cytostatic treatment in localized tumours can not be recommended. PMID- 7002087 TI - [Dominant lethal test in mice with repeated application of cadmium chloride]. AB - Reported in this paper are results obtained from a dominant lethal test, following five-day application of CdCl2 (0,3 and 30 mg/kg) to mice. An effort has been made to enhance the informative value of the test by combining histological with teratological examinations. Average loss per female was increased (r < 0,05) in the mating intervals between the 31st and 35th as well as the 36th and 40th days (30 mg/kg) and between the 45th and 48th days after treatment (3.0 and 30 mg/kg). Severe retardation as well as an exencephalocele and histologically detectable changes in the semilunal tubules were some of the conspicuous findings. The coincidence in time of the above phenomena has been considered as evidence to at least moderately mutagenic action of cadmium chloride. PMID- 7002092 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Jacek Machalski (3 June 1926-3 October 1979)]. PMID- 7002091 TI - [Subtypification of acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) in childhood by characterization of immunological surface membrane markers (author's transl)]. AB - Leukaemic blast cells isolated from bone marrow or blood of 42 children with ALL were investigated for presence of immunological surface membrane markers. By characterization of 5 surface markers (reaction with an anti-ALL serum for demonstration of a leukaemia-associated antigen, reaction with an anti-thymocyte serum and formation of E-rosettes for demonstration of T-lymphozytes, as well as reaction with an anti-Ig serum and formation of EAC-rosettes for demonstration of B-lymphocytes) the ALL cells of the 42 patients could be divided into 5 subtypes: I. 18 patients (42,7%( O-ALL with common ALL antigen II. 13 patients (31%) O-ALL without common ALL antigen III. 7 patients (16,7%) T-ALL with E-rosette formation IV. 3 patients (7,2) T-ALL without E-rosette formation V. 1 patients (2,4%) B ALL. PMID- 7002093 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Jerzy Kasznicki (3 January 1934-20 July 1979)]. PMID- 7002094 TI - [Sites of the Warsaw Medical Society during the years 1820-1944]. PMID- 7002096 TI - [Beginnings of the surgical art in Lublin and student education (16th-18th centuries)]. PMID- 7002098 TI - [Frescoes in old Polish pharmacies]. PMID- 7002097 TI - [Typhoid epidemics in the Kingdom of Poland 1815-1870]. PMID- 7002095 TI - [History of acupuncture]. PMID- 7002099 TI - [Neurological subjects in doctoral dissertations of Poles who studied in Wroclaw during the 19th century]. PMID- 7002100 TI - [Current Polish bibliography of the history of medicine]. PMID- 7002101 TI - [Old medical manuscripts belonging to the Library of the Wroclaw Cathedral Chapter in the 17th century]. PMID- 7002102 TI - Antihypertensive action of captopril in angiotensin-salt hypertension. AB - Captopril (SQ 14225), a converting enzyme inhibitor, significantly lowered the arterial pressure (AP) of rats with angiotensin-salt hypertension, a hypertensive state associated with sodium retention, volume expansion, and suppression of both renin and aldosterone secretion. While captopril was acting, there was no increase in sodium, potassium, or water excretion. Thus, the antihypertensive effect was not due to natriuresis or diuresis. Moreover, as the AP was lowered, there was no change in plasma renin concentrtion, the pulse rate was lowered, and the lack of potassium retention suggested minimal or no effect on aldosterone secretion. The mechanism of action of captopril in a sodium-volume-expanded, renin-aldosterone-suppressed state is unknown. PMID- 7002104 TI - Combination effects in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Only very few malignant tumors in human beings can be attributed to one single chemical substance. Therefore, combination effects are of particular practical relevance. Up to now, the experimental examination of this problem has been neglected to a great extent. Methods for the examination of syncarcinogenesis are presented and the results of studies are discussed. The most essential finding was the fact that syncarcinogenic additive effects are observed when substances with the same organotropism, but with different chemical structures are applied simultaneously or in sequence. However, no syncarcinogenic effect is observed when substances with different organotropisms are applied. An enhancement of chemical carcinogenesis was not found after simultaneous application of a non carcinogenic, but organotropic agent. Immunosuppression or immunostimulation of the host did not have an impact on chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7002103 TI - Video dilution technique. An accurate measure of blood flow during routine arteriography. AB - The video dilution technique for measuring blood flow consists of electronically and mathematically processing video-taped selective arteriograms to measure the flow in selectively catheterized arteries and to express this flow as a fraction of the flow in any reference artery. Flows were measured by video dilution and an electromagnetic flowmeter in ten dogs; the correlations were excellent. Video dilution flows were also measured in 105 patients. The technique is accurate, simple, and adds no risk to routine selective arteriography. PMID- 7002105 TI - Effect of insulin on the biliary excretion of some organic anions in rats. AB - In rats insulin enhanced the biliary excretion of rose bengal (50 mg/kg) and bromcresol green (25 mg/kg), and raised the depressed bile flow caused by these organic anions. There was, however, no parallelism between the choleretic effect of insulin and the increase in biliary transport of the two dyes. PMID- 7002106 TI - Chromosome aberration tests with Chinese hamster cells in vitro with and without metabolic activation--a comparative study on mutagens and carcinogens. AB - Chromosome aberration tests (CH-test) in vitro were carried out on more than 400 chemicals from our environment, which included carcinogens and other compounds such as food additives, medical drugs, pesticides and those used in laboratories or industries. All results were compared with those obtained by mutation assays with bacteria (Ames test). Nearly half of these chemicals tested were positive either in the CH-tests or in the Ames tests. Among the chemicals being positive in the CH-tests, however, there were some which were negative in the Ames tests but have been proved to be carcinogenic in animals. Mammalian cell systems, therefore, may be not dispensable and are postulated for the primary screening for chemical mutagens and carcinogens in our environment. PMID- 7002108 TI - Testing of drugs for combined mutagenesis with sodium nitrite in the host mediated assay. AB - Mutagenic activity of the drugs analgine and aminophenazone was tested in the intraperitoneal and intrasanguine host-mediated assay after oral application together with equimolar doses of sodium nitrite. Salmonella typhimurium strain G46 was used as genetic indicator system; mice served as host animals for the bacteria. Analgine was found to be weakly mutagenic in the dose 2 mM/kg together with nitrite, aminophenazone was a strong mutagen in combination with nitrite in the doses 2 mM/kg and 0.2 mM/kg using the intrasanguine test with 1 h incubation of bacteria in the liver. In the intraperitoneal variant with 3 h incubation time of bacteria only aminophenazone was slightly mutagenic at the highest dose tested, 2 mM/kg. The relative nitrosation rate for aminophenazone was calculated by means of regression lines for mutagenic activity of dimethylnitrosamine and was found to be in the range of 2% in both systems for a dose of 2 mM/kg precursors. PMID- 7002107 TI - Toxicity evaluation of water soluble substances of dental materials by means of cell population in vitro. AB - The paper describes a method of evaluation of the biocompatibility of dental restorative materials with a monolayer cell culture system. Semisolid and solid materials were eluted under physiological conditions. The cell monolayer was exposed to the eluates. The method enables the recognition of toxic ingredients and thus their elimination by the producer of these materials as well as the comparison of the cytotoxicity of newly developed materials with conventional ones. PMID- 7002110 TI - Mutagenic activity in foundry air. AB - Organic, cyclohexane soluble foundry air contaminants were assayed for their mutagenic activity with the Ames test. The samples studied were also analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentrations by glass capillary gas chromatography. All the samples showed mutagenicity towards the strains Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 after metabolic activation. Correlations between the amount of BaP and the mutagenicity were calculated and then compared to the corresponding dose response correlations of known BaP concentrations. PMID- 7002109 TI - Influence of experimental factors on the mutagenicity of vinylic monomers. AB - The results obtained by testing the mutagenicity of several vinylic monomers, styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride on strains of Salmonella typhimurium in various experimental conditions, modes of incubation, and in the presence of different metabolic activating systems, demonstrate that these parameters have a variable effect on the mutagenic potency of those monomers. PMID- 7002111 TI - Metabolizing activities of postmitochondrial liver fractions (S-9) on benzo[a]pyrene and dimethylnitrosamine. AB - The mutagenic activity of the carcinogens benz[a]pyrene and dimethylinitrosamine after being metabolised by postmitochondrial liver fractions (S-9) from rats, Syrian hamsters and rabbits was estimated in the Ames' test. The liver donors were pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, PCB (Delor 106) or peanut oil. Parallel to the mutagenicity tests, enzymes of S-9 such as dimethylnitrosamine demethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were estimated and their activity evaluated with reference to the results of the Ames' test. PMID- 7002113 TI - Immunotoxicity assessment: screening and function studies. AB - As a screening procedure to detect immunotoxic effects, different parameters are discussed. These criteria include growth, weight and histology of lymphoid and endocrine organs, haematology, as well s serum immunoglobulin concentrations which can be quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Secondly, different function tests are discussed to assess in the rat the cell mediated immunity, the humoral immunity and the phagocytosis by macrophages. These tests should be performed when in a screening study an indication of immunotoxicity is found at a relevant dose level. The aim of functional assessment is to determine the functional significance of an effect on the immune response and to gain more insight into the mode of action of the chemical. Finally, examples are given of compounds that suppress or stimulate immune responses; and advantages are discussed of performing function tests during the development phase of the immune system. PMID- 7002112 TI - Studies on the detection of chemical carcinogens using a mammalian cell transformation assay. A correlated study of BHK cell transformation and bacterial mutagenicity. AB - Transformation of BHK 21/Cl 13 cells was used as a test system to detect the carcinogenic potential of Busulfan (Myleran). To correlate carcinogenicity of the compound with its mutagenic activity, bacterial mutagenicity was demonstrated in the Salmonella/microsome test. PMID- 7002114 TI - Biochemical and biophysical properties of a Mamestra brassicae multiple enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AB - A multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Mamestra brassicae has been shown to be morphologically similar to other baculoviruses. The virus particles contain 13 polypeptides of which 4 are associated with the nucleocapsid. The polyhedron comprises of one major polypeptide of molecular weight 28,000. The DNA has a mol. wt. of about 1.15 X 10(8), which is larger than that reported for other baculoviruses. The DNA is a circular, supercoiled molecule of CG mol. fraction 0.448. DNA fragments produced by a range of restriction enzymes are presented as an aid to identification. PMID- 7002115 TI - Effect of acute vigorous exercise on lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in physically active men. AB - Ten well-trained men ran a distance of 20 km in the morning after overnight fasting. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined from heparin eluates of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle before and after the exercise. The mean LPL activity rose 2.1-fold in skeletal muscle (p < 0.01) and by 20 % in adipose tissue (p < 0.05) during the running. No significant change occurred in serum lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. The plasma insulin decreased and plasma glucagon increased during the exercise. The muscle LPL increment was significantly related to the fall of insulin/glucagon ratio. The results show that during exercise the skeletal muscle is adapted for increased uptake of circulating triglycerides which are either utilized immediately or used for restoration of muscle lipid stores after the end of exercise. PMID- 7002116 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov at the farmstead "Vishnia"]. PMID- 7002117 TI - [Dynamics of structural and biomechanical changes in the femur according to archeological excavations in Latvia]. AB - Twenty-five femoral bones were investigated in Latvian residents beginning from the neolith up to the present time by means of destructive (uniaxial strain) and nondestructive (ultrasonic effect) methods, as well as mciroscopically. The residents of Latvian SSR in the bronze age had a more highly developed osseous articular apparatus as compared to the neolith and Middle ages. The ultrasonic method can be applied successfully by archeologists and paleopathologists in order to determine quickly physical state of bones discovered without destroying their structure. PMID- 7002118 TI - [Analysis of histofunctional features of the lungs]. PMID- 7002120 TI - Difficulties in weaning from mechanical ventilation: positive end expiratory pressure and supplemental oxygen. PMID- 7002121 TI - [Plastic or metallic ring as an aid in valvar prostheses]. PMID- 7002122 TI - [Fendiline hydrochloride as a therapeutic agent in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7002119 TI - [Certain barrier-forming structures of the testis]. AB - Tunica of the twisted spermatic canal is an important component of the hemato testicular barrier ensuering a selected penetration of some substances (metabolites, hormones) from the blood bed into the "spermatogenic epithelium" and vice versa. The structure of this tunica in the male mice is not identical along the whole length of the twisted spermatic canals. The differences are connected with both number of layers, cellular and acellular, and with their distinction and, that is more essential, with differences in structure and function of myoid cells--the most important component of the peritubular tissue. The differences mentioned above demonstrate various degree of distinction of the hemato-testicular barrier along the course of the twisted spermatic canals of the mouse. PMID- 7002123 TI - [Action of probucol in the control of hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 7002124 TI - [Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis functioning as expansive process. Report of a case]. AB - A case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis occurrying in a 26-year-old white man disclosing clinical as well radiological features of a expanding process localized in the right cerebral hemisphere is reported. A definitive diagnosis was established through histopathologic examination following right fronto temporo-parietal exploratory and decompressive craniotomy. Cryptococcus neoformans was easily demonstrated in the leptomeninges as well as in cystic spaces in the brain substance. PMID- 7002125 TI - The pathologic findings of epithelial ingrowth. AB - A case of postcataract epithelial ingrowth that occurred when a chronic fistula was produced after a discussion of a secondary membrane is reported. The ingrowth was examined preoperatively with the specular microscope, and the excised anterior segment was examined with correlative microscopy. The patient recovered 6/18 (20/60) visual acuity after a subsequent penetrating keratoplasty. The characteristics of the epithelial ingrowth consisted of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium with surface microvilli, wide intercellular borders with occasional desmosomes, multiple tonofilaments more prominent in the leading edge of the ingrowth, hemidesmosomes attached to a subepithelial connective tissue layer, and uneven sizes and shapes of epithelial cells. These findings suggested that the source of the ingrowth was from the conjunctival epithelium. We found the leading edge of the ingrowth as well as the type of damage inflicted to the underlying endothelium. PMID- 7002126 TI - Hemolytic complement activity in normal human donor corneas. AB - Normal human donor corneas were minced into small fragments and eluted for 16 to 23 hours at 4 degrees C. The corneal eluates were then studied for hemolytic complement activity of C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, and C7 with 50% hemolysis (CH50) of sensitized sheep RBCs. Sera from ten normal volunteers were also assayed for hemolytic complement activity in CH50 units per milliliter. For each complement component, the mean hemolytic activity in corneas was compared with the mean hemolytic activity in sera. These comparisons suggest that molecular weight may be a factor in determining the concentration of complement components in the cornea. The present study provides normal values of hemolytic complement activity for further studies of complement consumption in corneal diseases. PMID- 7002127 TI - Dissociated vertical deviation. PMID- 7002128 TI - Dissociated vertical deviation. PMID- 7002130 TI - [Hemangioma of the jaw: literature review and presentation of a case]. PMID- 7002129 TI - The efficacy of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. A double-blind clinical study. AB - Double-blind studies were conducted for the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) with oral steroids. The condition was defined as not less than a 30-dB loss over three contiguous frequencies in three days or less. Follow up audiograms were obtained four weeks and three months later. Specific audiologic guidelines for the assessment of hearing recovery were used to ensure objectivity. Steroids had a statistically significant effect on the recovery of hearing in patients with moderate hearing losses. The nature of the hearing loss and its susceptibility to improvement with steroid therapy lend support to the hypothesis that viral cochlitis is the primary cause of ISHL. PMID- 7002131 TI - [Influence of gypsum die treated with fluid resin on the behavior of casted metal restoration]. PMID- 7002132 TI - [Effect of brushing on dental plaque removal and gingivitis in children]. PMID- 7002133 TI - Nurses deserve to breathe! PMID- 7002134 TI - The gentle yoga of breath. PMID- 7002135 TI - Community outreach: teaching breathing and peace in the Army. PMID- 7002136 TI - Factors affecting the ability of various strains of Enterobacteriaceae to induce tumour resistance in mice. AB - Primary infection of mice with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX (11RX) confers resistance to challenge with 10(4) LD50 doses of Ehrlich Ascites tumour (EAT). A lipopolysaccharide-free protein extract of 11RX is capable of eliciting delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in these mice and of "recalling" tumour resistance in long-term 11RX immunised mice, which no longer exhibit any resistance to tumour challenge. In the present study, we have examined the ability of five other strains of Enterobacteriaceae to induce similar effects. Primary i.p. injection of S. chester, S. luton or S. typhimurium G30 into mice resulted in persisting infections and the induction of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) which were tumouricidal in vitro. DTH reactions could also be elicited in these animals with protein extracts of the homologous or the 11RX strain of salmonella. S. friedenan and E. coli K12, which did not persist in mice, did not elicit tumouricidal PEC and did not sensitize mice for DTH reactions. However, protein extracts from all the five strains could elicit tumouricidal PEC and DTH reactions in long-term 11RX-immunised mice (but not in normal mice). The results imply that a wide range of Enterobacteriaceae may possess antigen(s) which can be involved in tumour resistance, provided that these antigen(s) are presented in such a way that a cellular immune response develops. PMID- 7002138 TI - Obituary: Katrina Zepps, M.B.E., F.C.N. (N,S,W,), F.C.N.A.(Hon.). PMID- 7002137 TI - The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the appearance, specificity and immunoglobulin class of antibodies to the structural proteins of influenza A virus in mice. AB - The immune response of mice to sublethal infection with influenza A virus was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, haemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests. The specificity and immunoglobulin class of antibodies were determined by competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A rise in geometric mean antibody levels was observed between 4 and 16 days by haemagglutination-inhibition, and between 8 and 32 days by neutralization. A positive correlation was found between the geometric mean antibody responses measured by the three assay systems, but there was no consistent relationship between the titres of individual sera by each assay method. More antibodies to the strain-specific determinants of haemagglutinin were observed 8 days after infection than antibodies to the common determinants, but by day 16 there were equal amounts of antibody to strain-specific and common determinants of haemagglutinin and to neuraminidase. Antibodies to matrix and nucleoprotein antigens were not detected until 64 days after infection. The antibody response 8 days after infection was composed of IgM and IgA immunoglobulin classes, but IgG predominated from 16 days after infection. PMID- 7002139 TI - A comparison of direct fluorescent antibody and Giemsa staining for the post mortem diagnosis of anaplasmosis. AB - Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and Giemsa staining of Anaplasma marginale were compared in smears collected serially at post-mortem (PM) from 11 experimentally infected calves. Once smears had been prepared and air-dried they could be held for at least 5 days before staining with either technique with no noticeable change in staining quality. DFA staining was more sensitive in detecting anaplasms in smears than Giemsa staining. Anaplasma spp could be differentiated from Babesia bovis and B. bigemina by DFA staining but there were cross reactions between A. marginale and A. centrale. Blood smears prepared from subcutaneous vessels in the legs provided better diagnostic material than kidney, heart and lung smears. Brain smears were not suitable for PM diagnosis using either staining technique. PMID- 7002140 TI - Isolates typed by the Salmonella Reference Laboratory and the E. coli serotyping laboratory during 1978. PMID- 7002141 TI - Early neonatal diarrhoea of piglets associated with non-haemolytic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002142 TI - The problem of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. PMID- 7002143 TI - Congenital porcine hyperostosis. PMID- 7002144 TI - Cryptococcal pneumonia in a horse. PMID- 7002145 TI - Historical note on the origin of the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7002146 TI - Rofenaid in the control of Pasteurella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli infections in ducklings. AB - In a series of controlled battery trials, Rofenaid (at doses ranging from 0.02 to 0.12% active drug in feed) was administered to ducklings infected experimentally with Pasteurella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli strains. Against P. anatipestifer, Rofenaid at 0.02 to 0.12% levels in feed either prevented or reduced mortality, gross lesions, and bacterial isolations. Furthermore, the weight gain and feed conversion of infected Rofenaid-medicated ducklings were superior to those of uninfected unmedicated controls in two out of three trials. Against E. coli, Rofenaid at 0.02 to 0.08% levels in feed either prevented or reduced mortality, gross lesions, and bacterial isolations. Weight gain and feed conversion of infected Rofenaid-medicated ducklings were also superior to those of uninfected unmedicated controls in two out of three trials. It appears that Rofenaid, at a 0.02-0.08% level, controls infections in ducklings caused by P. anatipestifer and E. coli strains sensitive to this compound. PMID- 7002148 TI - Psychophysiological and cognitive responses to stressful stimuli in subjects practicing progressive relaxation and clinically standardized meditation. PMID- 7002147 TI - Blocking of immunofluorescence in the titration of membrane and intracellular reactive antibodies associated with herpesvirus of turkeys. AB - Blocking of the direct immunofluorescence (IF) reaction allowed titration of anti membrane antigen (MA) or anti-intracellular antigen (IA) antibodies induced by herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). The titers (blocking index) obtained by the blocking IF test were well correlated with those determined by the IF test. The results suggest that the blocking IF test was a simpler and better method for titration of a large number of serum samples from chickens infected with HVT. PMID- 7002150 TI - [Risks in infusion therapy]. PMID- 7002149 TI - Disturbances of metabolism and cardiac function under the action of emotional painful stress and their prophylaxis. AB - Under the action of severe emotional painful stress the high concentration of catecholamines leads to the activation of peroxide oxidation of lipids in myocardium. Lipid peroxides affect membranes, responsible for the transport of calcium. As a result local necrobiosis and disturbances of the contractile function of the heart are developed. This emotional painful stress is regularly followed by activation of the inhibitory GABA-ergic system of the animal brains, which restricts the intensity and the time of stress syndromes. The injection of one of the metabolites of GABA-ergic system - gamoxibutirate (GOBA) - prior to stress essentially decreases the intensity of stress syndrome and prevents the stress affection of the heart muscle. PMID- 7002151 TI - Dominance of alkaline phosphatase isozyme gene (IAP+) of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutation (iap-) causing a defect in the conversion of alkaline phosphatase isozymes of Escherichia coli K-12 is recessive to the wild type allele. The product of the iap+ gene is diffusible. PMID- 7002152 TI - Isolated parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial rat liver cells characterized by their lysosomal enzyme content. PMID- 7002153 TI - Similar binding site for P37 factor on yeast RNA polymerases A and B. PMID- 7002154 TI - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate receptor protein: interaction with E. coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 7002155 TI - Phosphorylation of a nonhistone protein fraction which coextracts with the high mobility-group proteins of chromatin. PMID- 7002156 TI - Immunospecific binding of capped mRNA of reovirus by an antibody to a cap structures; m7G(5')pppGm. PMID- 7002157 TI - ADP-ribosylation of rat liver membrane protein catalysed by heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli. PMID- 7002159 TI - An mRNA decapping enzyme from ribosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7002158 TI - Identification of Arg-143 as the essential arginyl residue in yeast Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase by use of a chromophoric arginine reagent. PMID- 7002160 TI - Insulin binding to erythroblastic leukemic cells is decreased by insulin and increased by amino acids. PMID- 7002161 TI - Selective inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by the monofunctional alkylating agent 5(1-aziridinyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954). PMID- 7002162 TI - The pharmacological properties of fenbufen. A review. AB - gamma-Oxo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (fenbufen) was shown to be an orally and parenterally effective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent in a variety of animal species. Like other clinically active antiinflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), indometacin and phenylbutazone, fenbufen has demonstrated potent activity in a variety of laboratory test systems including carageenin edema (rats), UV erythema (guinea pigs), adjuvant arthritis (rats), urate synovitis (dogs), phenylquinone writhing (mice), and yeast-induced pyresis (rats). In general, fenbufen was less potent than indomethacin and more potent than ASA, and appeared of special interest because of its high analgetic efficacy and long duration of antiinflammatory and analgetic action. While shown to have ulcerogenic potential in rats at toxic doses, fenbufen was less potent than indometacin in this respect and had a superior margin of gastrointestinal safety in treatment of dogs with urate synovitis. One of fenbufen's major metabolites, 4-biphenylacetic acid (BPAA), was found to be potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis both in vitro and in vivo with a variety of tissues tested. Fenbufen itself was devoid of this anti-PG synthetase activity although it interacted with prostaglandins in other ways. These results, coupled with the fact that only BPAA showed pharmacological activities when applied locally, led to the conclusion that BPAA was the principle responsible for fenbufen's antiinflammatory action. Fenbufen thus appears to be a pro-drug capable of circumventing at least some of the gastric toxicity usually incurred when compounds, which are themselves capable of inhibiting PG synthesis, are introduced directly into the stomach. Fenbufen's relatively low gastric toxicity in dogs and humans seems to substantiate this hypothesis. The pharmacological evidence indicates that fenbufen should be a highly effective and clinically useful antiinflammatory, analgetic and antipyretic drug. PMID- 7002164 TI - Self-study of profession's service and training needs in the 1980's. PMID- 7002163 TI - A survey of clinical trials with fenbufen. AB - To date, the efficacy and safety of gamma-oxo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (fenbufen) have been evaluated in over 200 clinical trials involving several thousand patients. The program of clinical investigation consisted of open dose ranging studies in patients; short-term, double-blind controlled studies of both cross-over and parallel group design to evaluate efficacy and safety compared to placebo and active reference drugs; long-term, double-blind controlled studies of parallel group design versus an active reference agent; open studies to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of fenbufen; and special studies to investigate possible effects on eyes, ears and heart. The overall experience with fenbufen in 60 US and 37 foreign clinical trials is summarized in this report with respect to the following: therapeutic efficacy and safety in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, analgesia and gout. The age range covered in these studies was 13 to 87 years, and included 206 patients over the age of 70. 3457 patients received fenbufen in all phases of these clinical trials, including short-term and long-term studies. The patient total includes: 1462 patients (664 US, 798 foreign) with rheumatoid arthritis, 1225 (420 US, 805 foreign) with osteoarthritis, 55 (19 US, 36 foreign) with ankylosing spondylitis, 39 (foreign) with gout, and 676 patients (103 US, 573 (foreign) who participated in analgesia studies. The worldwide clinical studies have demonstrated very good clinical efficacy of fenbufen in comparison to other non-steroidal antirheumatic (nsa) drugs. The tolerance was much better in many cases compared with tolerance levels of other nsa-drugs. The good results were confirmed by new papers presented during IX International Congress of Rheumatology, Wiesbaden/FR Germany, September 1979. Fenbufen is currently marketed in Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Rhodesia, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, Trinidad and FR Germany. PMID- 7002165 TI - PL 95-561: why and how to get involved. PMID- 7002166 TI - The role of science in speech-language pathology and audiology. PMID- 7002168 TI - [Behavior of plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon in normal subjects and in patients with liver cirrhosis]. AB - Plasma levels of IRI, C-peptide and glucagon were determinated in 19 patients with liver cirrhosis and 9 control subjects after an oral glucose load (OGTT). 9 of the cirrhotics showed chemical diabetes, the remaining 7 cases showed ascites and a normal OGTT. Both groups of cirrhotics showed high IRI and C-peptide values in basal conditions, peaks of these parameters, higher than those observed in the control subjects, were found during the OGTT. The C-peptide/IRI ratio, which was lower than normal both during fasting and after glucose load, presented the lowest value in patients with ascites. In the conditions adopted for this study, glucagon showed higher plasma levels in all the cirrhotics studied than those found in the controls, but the highest levels were found in patients with ascites and with a normal OGTT. It can be concluded that the high levels of insulin found in liver cirrhosis are due to a B-pancreatic hypersecretion (high C-peptide levels) but are also maintained by a decreased hepatic degradation of the hormone (C-peptide/IRI ratio below normal). Hyperglucagonemia is not the chief factor in determining the insulin-resistance observed in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7002167 TI - Effect of a fast-growing ascites hepatoma (Yoshida AH-130) on proteinase activities in the rat liver. AB - The weight of the liver and its DNA content definitely increase in rats transplanted with the ascites hepatoma AH-130 (Yoshida). The specific activity of cathepsin B1 decreases progressively in the liver during the first week after transplantation reaching one third of the initial levels, whereas that of cathepsin D shows the opposite behaviour increasing to levels 40% higher than in controls. The activity of the two proteinases in the blood plasma varies in a similar way, though the modifications are even more pronounced than in the liver. The relevance of the changes in tissue proteinase activities to the liver growth in tumour-bearing animals is discussed. PMID- 7002169 TI - [Influence of Zn++ and of Mg++ on alkaline phosphatase activity of different origins]. AB - Many researches have shown the role of some bivalent ions on the structure and function of alkaline phosphatase. For this reason we considered interesting to assay the effect of Zn++ and Mg++, at various concentrations, on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (APase) from different sources. The isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase used for the experiments were from rat kidney and bone, from calf intestinal mucosa and from Escherichia coli. In order to investigate the effect of Zn++ and Mg++ on the enzyme activity, the two ions were removed using EDTA as chelating agent. The residual enzymatic activity was measured after having preincubated for 15 min the enzyme with EDTA at a final concentration of 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 5 mM, 25 mM. The reactivation of the enzyme was studied using as reference a sample, in which the final concentration of EDTA was 5 mM. In these series of experiments the enzymatic activity was assayed after a preincubation of the reaction mixture with ZnCl2 10 mM, MgCl2 10 mM and ZnCl2 +MgCl2 10 mM. The inactivation in the time of the enzyme by 5 mM EDTA was also studied. The results obtained show that APase from intestinal mucosa maintained, at the lower concentrations of EDTA (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mM), a residual activity higher than that of the enzymes of other source. Moreover, whilst the activity of the mucosal enzyme was completely restored by the addition of Zn++, the complete reactivation of the other enzyme activities was obtained only by the addition of Zn++ and Mg++ together. Concerning the inactivation by EDTA during the time, it was shown that APase from calf intestinal mucosa was inactivated after 60 min of incubation, while the enzymes from other sources lost completely their activity after 10 min. PMID- 7002171 TI - [Studies on the immunohistochemical localization of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins in the rat nervous system and in human brain tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002170 TI - [Correlations between NEFA and ketone bodies in normal and diabetic subjects]. AB - We have studied the correlation between NEFA and KB in 25 controls and in 24 diabetics, receiving or no insulin therapy. There is a correlation (r=0,64) between NEFA and KB in normal subjects and a more significant correlation (r=0,85) in diabetics. The "b" value of the two regression lines in the two groups is different, and this is dependent by variations in the hormonal (insulin and glucagon) and metabolic responses. PMID- 7002172 TI - The prevention of oral disease. Established methods of prevention. PMID- 7002173 TI - Future possibilities for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 7002175 TI - Ars scientia mores. PMID- 7002174 TI - Prevention and early recognition of major orofacial disorders. PMID- 7002176 TI - The Dental Education Advisory Council: 50 years. PMID- 7002177 TI - The fascinating story of X-rays. PMID- 7002179 TI - Effects of concentration of local anaesthetic drugs in extradural block. AB - An increase in the concentration of bupivacaine from 0.5% to 0.75% and etidocaine from 1.0% to 1.5% for extradural block resulted in a more rapid onset of sensory analgesia and motor blockade, a greater frequency of adequate analgesia,a greater depth of motor block and a longer duration of sensory analgesia and motor blockade. An increase in the concentration of prilocaine from 2% to 3% failed to reveal any significant advantage. The use of the more concentrated solutions of bupivacaine and etidocaine would appear to afford significant clinical advantages in extradural anaesthesia for surgery. PMID- 7002178 TI - Comparative study of the clinical effects of tofizopam, nitrazepam and placebo as oral premedication. AB - In a double-blind randomized study 47 patients received tofizopam 100 mg orally the night before operation, and 100 mg on the morning of operation; 49 patients received nitrazepam 5 mg and 50 patients received placebo. On average the nitrazepam group slept better and were better sedated than the tofizopam or placebo groups. Compared with placebo or nitrazepam, tofizopam decreased the excitement of the patients. The effect tofizopam on apprehension and excitement was significantly better than those of placebo or nitrazepam. Nitrazepam, but not tofizopam, significantly decreased the induction requirements of thiopentone. PMID- 7002181 TI - A controlled comparison of oxyfedrine, isosorbide dinitrate and placebo in the treatment of patients suffering attacks of angina pectoris. AB - 1 In a group of 23 patients with documented ischaemic heart disease who experienced angina pectoris, oral oxyfedrine (24 mg three times daily) was compared with isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg three times daily) and placebo in a double-blind double-crossover clinical trial. 2 Isosorbide dinitrate appeared no better than placebo, either in terms of symptomatic relief or ECG responses to exercise. Thirty eight per cent of patients complained of headaches and 28% had to cease taking the drug for this reason. 3 Oxyfedrine produced statistically significant improvements in both symptom level (P < 0.01) and ECG ST-segment responses to exercise (P < 0.01). The only side effect noted was a reversible loss of taste sensation by one patient. 4 Neither drug produced any adverse changes in any haematological or biochemical parameters. 5 Oxyfedrine is, therefore, to be preferred to isosorbide dinitrate, being both much better tolerated and more efficacious. PMID- 7002182 TI - Measurement of serum drug levels in the assessment of antidepressants. PMID- 7002183 TI - Non-migrainous headache for the evaluation of oral analgesics. AB - 1 Eight double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose, cross-over studies were carried out to evaluate the usefulness of testing the acute analgesic effect of drugs in out-patients with non-migrainous headache. 2 The reference compounds were either (1) aspirin, (2) a combination of aminopyrine, caffeine and butalbarbital (Optalidon), and (3) a combination of (2) with dihydroergotamine (Tonopan). 3 The test compounds were (1) proquazone, (2) fluproquazone and (3) and (4), new formulations of Optalidon and Tonopan in which the aminopyrine was replaced by propyphenazone. They were all found to be active. 4 A significant, dose-response relationship was established for aspirin (250, 500 and 1000 mg). 5 It is concluded that the non-migrainous headache model is a practical, reproducible and sensitive method for the investigation of the acute efficacy of analgesics. PMID- 7002180 TI - Psychomotor function and psychoactive drugs. PMID- 7002184 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism, pain and hyperalgesia: the mode of action of non steroid mild analgesics. AB - 1 Cyclo-oxygenase products such as prostaglandins of the E series and prostacyclin produce the hyperalgesia associated with inflammation. 2 These substances may cause pain and incapacity in some inflammatory conditions. 3 Prostaglandin E2 sensitizes the chemical receptors of afferent pain endings to other inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin and histamine. 4 Unstable intermediates formed in the generation of prostaglandins may also play a role in the production of pain. 5 Drugs such as indomethacin and aspirin which are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis may exert their analgesic effect through this mechanism. PMID- 7002185 TI - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of paracetamol evaluated by bilateral oral surgery. AB - 1 In a double-blind crossover study, essentially the same operation was performed on two separate occasions in 24 healthy patients. 2 On one occasion they were given paracetamol (Panadol) 1 g four times daily for 2 d, then 0.5 g four times daily for the next 2 d; on the other, they were given placebo tablets. 3 Several objective and subjective assessments were recorded for a paired comparison of the postoperative courses. 4 Significantly less swelling was measured after the operation when paracetamol was given; on day 3 it averaged 71% of that with placebo. This reduction in postoperative swelling was greater than the reduction previously obtained with ibuprofen and oxyphenbutazone using the same clinical model. 5 With paracetamol, a tendency was noted towards reduced local inflammatory temperature increase and less postoperative bleeding. 6 The results of this clinical trial agree with recent findings in animals studies which show paracetamol to be anti-inflammatory. 7 The pain and preference scores were clearly in favour of paracetamol. Adequate pain relief with paracetamol may require doses as high as 1 g three to four times daily. 8 The results obtained in this model with bilateral oral surgery suggest that in situations in which there are tissue lesions caused by surgery or injury, paracetamol may be preferable to acetylsalicylic acid if swelling and bleeding are to be prevented or reduced. PMID- 7002186 TI - Kinetics and metabolism of paracetamol and phenacetin. AB - 1 The rate of absorption of oral paracetamol depends on the rate of gastric emptying and is usually rapid and complete. The mean systemic availability is about 75%. 2 Paracetamol is extensively metabolized and the plasma half-life is 1.5-2.5 hours. About 55% and 30% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates, respectively, whereas mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates (representing conversion to a potentially toxic intermediate metabolite) each account for some 4% of the dose. Paracetamol metabolism is age- and dose-dependent. 3 With hepatotoxic doses, paracetamol metabolism is impaired and the half-life prolonged. Sulphate conjugation is saturated and the proportion excreted as mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates is increased. 4 The renal clearance of paracetamol depends on urine flow rate by not pH. The renal clearances of the glucuronide and sulphate conjugates often exceed the glomerular filtration rate and are independent of urine flow and pH. 5 Phenacetin absorption depends on formulation. It is extensively metabolized to paracetamol and minor metabolites are probably responsible for toxicity. PMID- 7002188 TI - Chronic toxicity of pyrazolones: the problem of nitrosation. AB - 1 During 6-month oral toxicity studies of dipyrone in rats and dogs, there was an increase in the number of reticulocytes and Heinz bodies at the highest dose, and a slight haemosiderosis was induced. 2 Similar results were obtained after parenteral administration (intravenously and subcutaneously). 3 These studies fail to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanism of allergic reactions in man. 4 In vitro studies in conditions imitating the physiological environment, show to what extent nitrosation of dipyrone takes place. 5 Subsequent toxicological investigations with the two reaction compounds, or the nitrosation product itself, are powerful instruments to show whether the nitrosamine or nitrosamide formed is dangerous. 6 In the case of pyrazolones, only aminopyrine forms a carcinogenic nitrosamine. PMID- 7002187 TI - Kinetics and metabolism of pyrazolones (propyphenazone, aminopyrine and dipyrone). AB - 1 Propyphenazone 220 mg was administered orally to volunteers. Maximum plasma concentrations between 1.5 microgram/ml and 3.5 micrograms/ml were found 30 min later. After comparable doses plasma concentrations in dog and rabbit were lower. The distribution volumes were 2 l/kg. 2 The major metabolic route of propyphenazone is demethylation. The main urinary metabolite is the enolglucuronide of N-(2)-demethylpropyphenazone. 3 Aminopyrine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. Maximum plasma concentrations of 10 microgram/ml are reached 1.5 h after a 500 mg dose. The biological half-life is 2-3 h, the relative distribution volume 60% on average, and binding to plasma proteins approximately 15%. 4 Unchanged aminopyrine is only excreted in small quantities. The major routes of metabolism are demethylation (4 methylaminoantipyrine and 4-aminoantipyrine) and acylation (4-acetyl and 4 formylaminoantipyrine). There are other biotransformation products. 5 After oral administration of [14C]-dipyrone 480 mg the maximum serum concentration of 13.4 +/- 0.8 microgram/ml occurred at 1-1.5 hours. 6 Dipyrone was not detectable in serum or urine. Four of seven metabolites were identified, and were identical with the main metabolites of aminopyrine. PMID- 7002190 TI - Clinical and pathological aspects of analgesic nephropathy. AB - 1 Analgesic nephropathy is part of the analgesic syndrome which has gastrointestinal, haematological, cardiovascular, psychological and psychiatric, and pregnancy and gonadal manifestations; premature ageing may also be a feature. 2 Analgesic nephropathy is a form of renal disease characterized by renal papillary necrosis, secondary chronic interstitial nephritis and renal failure with features of predominant tubulointerstitial dysfunction. 3 The percentage of patients with analgesic nephropathy who present with terminal renal failure is 12%. With appropriate management, 17% of analgesic nephropathy patients improve, 50% remain stable and 23% deteriorate. The 6 year cumulative survival is 70%. The major factors influencing deterioration are malignant hypertension, persistent proteinuria and small initial renal size. 4 The risk of renal papillary carcinoma in patients who regularly take analgesics is 8 per 100,000 patients per year. 5 Renal papillary necrosis is a consequence of the chronic toxicity of all non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and results from medullary ischaemia secondary to suppression of prostaglandin E2 synthesis and from direct cellular toxicity. 6 Analgesic nephropathy is a preventable form of renal disease and renal failure. It can be prevented by limiting the abuse potential of analgesics rather than by making minor modifications in the composition of analgesic mixtures. PMID- 7002191 TI - Hepatotoxicity of mild analgesics. AB - 1 Hepatotoxicity is rare when mild analgesics are used in normal therapeutic doses. 2 The potential of aspirin and salicylates to cause hepatotoxicity has been only recently recognized. 3 Salicylate hepatitis is often asymptomatic, and may only be revealed by finding elevated levels of aminotransferases. 4 Most cases have occurred in children or young adults with connective tissue diseases, who take high doses of salicylates for long periods. 5 Hepatic injury is not recognized as a complication of acute aspirin poisoning. 6 Following overdosage of paracetamol, a toxic intermediate metabolite causes acute hepatic necrosis which may be fatal. 7 Cysteamine, methionine and N-acetylcysteine confer protection against this severe liver damage, but the time between overdosage and treatment is critical. 8 The chronic therapeutic use of paracetamol should be considered a potential but very rare cause of active chronic hepatitis. 9 There is no clear evidence of phenacetin hepatotoxicity in man. 10 Phenylbutazone may cause liver injury and other analgesics can cause hypersensitivity reactions in which the liver is involved. PMID- 7002189 TI - Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of pain in cancer. AB - 1 Prostaglandins may precipitate or exacerbate pain and they may be produced by several tumours. 2 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and may also inhibit bone metastases and enhance immune responses. 3 NSAIDs alone or in association with narcotics or psychotropics may not only afford the best pain relief in neoplastic disease, but also modify the progress of the tumour. 4 The effect of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract is generally adverse. PMID- 7002192 TI - Analgesics, allergy and asthma. AB - 1 Recent studies of idiosyncratic reactions to analgesics have revealed several clinical patterns with a different pathogenesis. 2 In the pathogenesis of a common type of asthma precipitated by aspirin, inhibition of cyclooxygenase leading to disturbances in metabolism of arachidonic acid is of fundamental importance. 3 In some patients with urticaria/angioedema, symptoms are due to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase by analgesics; in others the cause might be impurities in commercial preparations of aspirin; and in others the mechanisms are still unknown. 4 There is a distinct group of patients who develop anaphylactic shock or urticaria following administration of pyrazolone drugs, but who tolerate aspirin and other cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. This type of hypersensitivity seems to have an immunological background. PMID- 7002194 TI - A double blind cross-over study of a slow release aminophylline tablet (Phyllocontin Continus tablets) as a concomitant therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis on salbutamol maintenance therapy. PMID- 7002193 TI - Gastrointestinal toxicity of minor analgesics. AB - 1 The evidence for the risk of gastric erosions from aspirin is fragmentary. 2 Occult gastric bleeding following aspirin is poorly studied and the skewed distribution is unexplained; platelet factors may be relevant. 3 Overt gastric bleeding may follow aspirin; the risk is probably about one episode per two million doses. 4 There is epidemiological, clinical, experimental and histopathological evidence for an association between chronic aspirin use and chronic gastric ulcer. 5 An alternative to the Davenport hypothesis is proposed to explain the gastric action of aspirin and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 6 Paracetamol is probably bland in its gastric actions. PMID- 7002195 TI - Potentiation of tumour growth by endotoxin in serum from syngeneic tumour-bearing mice. AB - The subcutaneous growth of 2 antigenically distinct syngeneic methylcholanthrene induced murine fibrosarcomas, designated H1 and H7, were significantly augmented by the concomitant administration of E. coli endotoxin (LPS). Amounts as little as 0.2 micrograms i.p. potentiated tumour growth. The weakly antigenic tumour, H1, was more susceptible to provocation by LPS than the more strongly antigenic H7. Maximum provocation of H1 tumour growth occurred when LPS was injected 1 day before the administration of 5000 tumour cells. In contrast, significant anti tumour resistance resulted if LPS was administered 6 days before the inoculation of tumour cells. Preliminary evidence indicates that low doses of LPS can facilitate the "sneaking through" phenomenon. Enhancement of tumour growth could not be demonstrated with sera or plasma from tumour-bearing mice, unless the samples were contaminated with endotoxin. The results illustrate the importance of excluding endotoxin from solutions used in studies of experimental tumours. PMID- 7002196 TI - In vitro basal lamina formation may require non-epidermal cell living substrate. AB - In an adult human epidermal cell culture system in which three different types of dermo-epidermal junctions could be observed, the in vitro synthesis of basement membrane and type IV collagen was studied with electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence via an antiserum to type IV collagen. Essentially, keratinocytes juxtaposed to non-living substrate did not produce either type IV collagen or an ultrastructural basement membrane, whereas both products were found at dermo-epidermal junctions composed of living keratinocytes juxtaposed to living dermis. This suggests that the microenvironment of the keratinocyte may influence the synthesis of junctional components. PMID- 7002197 TI - Psoriatic arthritis treated with oral zinc sulphate. AB - Twenty-four patients suffering from psoriatic arthritis participated in a double blind cross-over trial of peroral zinc sulphate versus placebo (Trial I). Eleven patients continued an open trial of peroral zinc sulphate for an additional 24 weeks (Trial II). Remission was assessed by the disappearance of symptoms (overall condition, morning stiffness, functional capacity of the joints and joint pains), and signs (mobility and swelling of the joints). Reduction of joint pains as well as increase of mobility and decrease of swelling of several joints were observed. the clinical signs of reduced inflammation were accompanied biochemically by reduction of serum immunoglobulins and an increase of serum albumin. The need for analgesics was diminished. Severe side-effects and changes in the psoriatic skin involvement were not seen. Oral zinc sulphate seems to be valuable in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 7002198 TI - Herpes gestationis and bullous pemphigoid: a disease spectrum. AB - A patient with herpes gestationis has persisted with clinically active disease for 8 years post-partum. She also had Graves' disease, alopecia totalis and ulcerative colitis. The case demonstrates the close overlap between herpes gestationis and bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7002200 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: detection of platelet autoantibodies with the suspension immunofluorescence test. PMID- 7002199 TI - The increased susceptibility of young red cells to invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The relationship between red cell age and susceptibility to invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been examined by several different methods including short-term cultures of parasitized human blood. The results indicate that reticulocytes and young red cells are more susceptible to invasion by this parasite as compared with metabolically older cell populations. This is contrary to the current belief that red cells of all ages are invaded indiscriminately by P. falciparum. This observation has important theoretical, clinical and practical implications; its mechanism remains as yet unclear. PMID- 7002202 TI - Immunofluorescent and biochemical studies of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in treated acute leukaemia. AB - Indirect Immunofluorescence (IF) for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was used in conjunction with the biochemical assay of TdT enzymatic activity to study human leukaemias before and during therapy. In addition, non-leukaemic marrows were analysed to compare the enzyme expression on normal cells. An excellent correlation was observed between the IF and biochemical methods when specimens contained greater than 5% TdT+ cells (by IF); below this level the biochemical assay was less reliable, while the sensitive IF test could detect isolated TdT+ cells among greater than 10 000 TdT negative cells. The IF method also had the advantage of allowing further immunological characterization of TdT+ cells, by simultaneous labelling of membrane antigens with appropriate antisera. TdT+ cells expressing Ia-like antigens (but lacking other antigens associated with B- and T- lymphoid differentiation) were frequently found in low numbers in remission marrows from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. However, similar cells were also observed in remission acute myeloid leukaemia, as well as in non-leukaemic regenerating marrows, and marrow from normal donors. The presence of these normal TdT+ precursor cells therefore precluded the use of either IF or biochemical TdT tests for estimating the degree of residual disease or predicting early relapse in patients with non-T, non-B ALL. In contrast, the detection of TdT+ cells with T lymphoid antigens (HuTLA+) but lacking Ia antigens, in thymic (T-cell)-ALL, but not in normal marrow, allowed the use of this combination of markers to detect minimal residual disease in T-ALL. PMID- 7002201 TI - The synthesis of folate-binding protein in lymphocytes during transformation. AB - The blast transformation of human lymphocytes exposed to phytohaemagglutinin was associated with an increase in the intracellular concentration of a folate binding protein. The protein was measured by a radioimmunoassay and by immunofluorescent microscopy using an antiserum raised against purified folate binding protein prepared from chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells. Because it has been previously shown that protein-bound folate cannot function as a cofactor or substrate, the synthesis of this binder during some phase of the replicative cycle may serve to modulate folate-dependent RNA and DNA synthesis by controlling the concentration of free folate. PMID- 7002204 TI - A clinical trial on the early detection and correction of haemostatic defects in selected high-risk neonates. AB - Low birth weight infants, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and mature infants with asphyxia were screened for coagulation abnormalities as soon as possible after birth. Those with abnormal haemostasis were assigned to control or treatment groups and, in the latter case, were given prothrombin complex concentrate, cryoprecipitate or platelet concentrate as appropriate. This treatment was largely successful in correcting haemostatic defects but did not result in any change in mortality. There was no evidence of adverse or beneficial side-effects of treatment. PMID- 7002203 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in acute non-lymphoid leukaemia: an analysis by immunofluorescence. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence for terminal transferase enzyme (TdT) was used to study the blasts of 64 patients with acute non-lymphoid leukaemia (ANLL). In 32 patients no TdT positive cells were seen. In 19 cases a small subpopulation of cells expressing TdT was detected; these constituted up to 5% of total nucleated cells, and it was not clear whether these TdT positive cells were part of the leukaemic process or represented residual normal bone marrow lymphoid cells. The remaining 13 patients had TdT positive cells accounting for 7-90% of the total. In two of these cases TdT was expressed on blasts with myeloid features, representing an aberrant expression of TdT by myeloid cells; in contrast, in three cases mixed populations of TdT positive lymphoid blasts and TdT negative myeloid blasts were observed. In the remaining cases it was not possible to determine whether the TdT positive cells had definite lymphoid or myeloid features. Cytogenetic analysis showed no evidence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Response to treatment was assessed in 11 of the 13 patients. Only one patient remitted with the initial choice of therapy (DAT); four failed to respond to initial regimes of vincristine and prednisone (V & P) while the other five patients did not respond to myelotoxic combinations (DAT). Only one patient subsequently entered complete remission on second line therapy (V & P). This group of patients with TdT+ ANLL had a particularly bad prognosis, and appeared to differ from cases of TdT positive acute undifferentiated leukaemia, which often respond to V & P therapy. PMID- 7002207 TI - Intraocular implants: the postoperative astigmatism. AB - A series of 100 cases of intraocular implants has been considered, especially with regard to the postoperative astigmatism. This was found to be far higher than in a similar series of cases subjected to the same techniques without an implant. The operative results appear to be as good as in any conventional series, except for 2 cases. The reason for the excessive astigmatism (average 2.84 D) is not clear but the following factors have been suggested: (1) faulty surgical technique, that is, irregular corneal healing; (2) astigmatic errors in the actual intraocular lens itself; (3) tilting of the intraocular lens; (4) the intraocular lens, owing to its own inherent weight, may pull on the iris and ciliary body and even distort the cornea on healing. A summation of all these factors could produce an undesirably high degree of astigmatism. PMID- 7002209 TI - The superimposition of lateral skull radiographs by subtraction: a new method. PMID- 7002210 TI - A modified direct bond lingual retainer technique. PMID- 7002206 TI - Reduction of menstrual blood loss by danazol in unexplained menorrhagia: lack of effect of placebo. AB - In women with menorrhagia of unknown cause, the efficacy of the drug danazol in reducing heavy menstrual blood loss was investigated making objective measurements of menstrual blood loss. Drug regimens tested were daily administration of 200 or 100 mg danazol for 12 weeks and daily danazol given in the luteal phase or during menstruation. The results suggest that 200 mg danazol daily is the most acceptable regimen clinically since it significantly reduced menstrual blood loss and was associated with a relatively low incidence of side effects. In 16 women on this dose menstrual blood loss was suppressed from a mean pre-treatment loss of 183 +/- 25 ml to 38 +/- 11 ml (p < 0.01) in the second, and 26 +/- 9 ml (p < 0.01) in the third treatment months. The majority of women had regular episodes of bleeding with no alteration in cycle length and a reduction in the number of days of bleeding. Although 100 mg daily suppressed menstrual blood loss, particularly by the third month of treatment, it increased the number of episodes of bleeding in some women which they found unacceptable. Both 200 mg and 100 mg relieved dysmenorrhoea in the majority of women presenting with the symptoms. Danazol taken daily in the early follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle did not significantly alter menstrual blood loss. There was no effect of placebo therapy on measured menstrual blood loss in a single blind trial in eight women with menorrhagia. PMID- 7002205 TI - Ritodrine in the treatment of preterm labour. A clinical trial to compare a standard treatment with three regimens involving the use of ritodrine. AB - In a randomized trial, three alternative schemes of treatment of preterm labour with ritodrine (long infusion, short infusion, and intramuscular injection) were compared with standard treatment by bed rest and sedatives. None of the ritodrine treatments were found to be better in postponing delivery than the standard treatment. However, the Bishop scores of the patients in the standard treatment group tended to be lower than of the patients treated with ritodrine. Moreover, all cases of congenital malformation and polyhydramnios occurred in the patients treated with ritodrine. The incidence of respiratory insufficiency was significantly higher in infants of mothers treated with ritodrine. The mean birth weight was highest in the standard treatment group. PMID- 7002208 TI - The quadhelix appliance. PMID- 7002211 TI - Stimulatory effect of insulin on ruminal epithelium cell mitosis in adult sheep. AB - 1. The rumen adapts to increased food intake by the hyperplasia of epithelial cells. 2. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) stimulate cell mitosis of sheep ruminal epithelium in vivo. 3. Since VFA generally inhibit cell proliferation in vitro insulin was proposed in this study as the possible mediator of the mitotic stimulation in vivo. 4. Infusions (6 h) of insulin (0.125 U/kg per h) plus glucose (300 mg/kg per h) (n 5), and glucose alone (300 mg/kg per h) (n 2) resulted in higher mitotic index of biopsied rumen epithelium (MI) during 3 or 6 to 24 h after the start of infusion, and higher plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and higher plasma glucose (PG) during the infusion. 5. Insulin plus glucose infusion showed higher MI, higher IRI, and lower PG than glucose infusion. 6. Sheep infused with saline for 6 h (n 1) showed no marked changes in MI, IRI, and PG. 7. Increased IRI by insulin plus glucose or glucose alone infusion was considered to stimulate cell proliferation in rumen epithelium. 8. Other possible mediations were discussed. PMID- 7002213 TI - Cell surface energy, contact angles and phase partition. III. Adhesion of bacterial cells to hydrophobic surfaces. AB - The densities of adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens to five types of plastics were studied in relation to interfacial free energies at the aqueous interfaces of both the bacteria and the plastics. The free energy of adhesion of bacteria to plastic in an aqueous medium is a linear function of partititon of the bacteria between the solid surface and the liquid phase. These results show that the thermodynamics of the partitioning of a suspended particle between two immiscible liquid phases also apply to partitioning between a liquid and a solid phase. PMID- 7002212 TI - Preparation of an experimental low-fluoride diet from single-cell organisms for rats and mice. AB - 1. A method for producing a standard low-fluoride diet from a green alga and yeast is described. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was grown in a culture medium prepared with distilled water and analytical grade chemical salts. The spent culture medium from the alga culture was reclaimed and replenished with salts and sucrose for the production of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. The single-cell organisms were separated by centrifugation from their culture media and the dried cells were blended with sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and a salt mix to produce diet pellets for rats and mice. 3. The diet was readily accepted as food by rats and mice and it was found to contain 100-300 micrograms fluoride/kg dry weight. Two generations of rats and four generations of mice were bred on this diet. 4. The use of hydroxyapatite to reduce the fluoride content of the chemical used in the production of the alga and yeast biomass was investigated. Diet pellets prepared with this biomass contained 45-60 micrograms fluoride/kg dry weight. PMID- 7002214 TI - Interstrand DNA crosslinking by 4,5'8-trimethylpsoralen plus monochromatic ultraviolet light. Studies by alkaline elution in mouse L1210 leukemia cells. AB - DNA crosslinking by 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus monochromatic ultraviolet light of wavelength 365 nm was studied in mouse L1210 leukemia cells. DNA breaks and crosslinking were evaluated by alkaline elution of DNA from poly(vinyl chloride) filters. Trimethylpsoralen plus 365 nm light produced DNA crosslinks but not breaks. The kinetics of crosslinking were linear with respect to concentration and second-order with respect to light exposure time. The latter finding supports the proposed two photon mechanism for the formation of diadducts. In contrast to DNA crosslinking agents such as nitrogen mustard, nitrosoureas and platinums, trimethylpsoralen crosslinks were resistant to proteolytic digestion. Thus, trimethylpsoralen plus 365 nm light produced interstrand crosslinks, as proposed for a bifunctional agent binding to bases on opposite DNA strands. PMID- 7002215 TI - The specificity of actinidin and its relationship to the structure of the enzyme. AB - The kinetic parameters kcat, Km and kcat/Km, have been determined for the actinidin-catalysed hydrolyses of N-substituted amino acid esters and amides and compared to the corresponding values for papain (EC 3.4.22.2). Substrates with aromatic N-substituents have lower kcat/Km values for actinidin (EC 3.4.22.14); the difference is much smaller for substrates with aliphatic substituents. The lower kcat/Km values for actinidin generally correspond to higher Km values suggesting that the strength of substrate binding differs between the two enzymes. This difference is explained in terms of the differences in the substrate binding sites found in X-ray crystallographic studies. PMID- 7002216 TI - The effect of the nitrosourea analog of thymidine, 3'-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido]-3'-deoxythymidine, on Escherichia coli thymidine kinase. AB - Escherichia coli thymidine kinase (ATP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21) is irreversibly inactivated by incubation with 3'-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido]-3'-deoxythymidine (3'-CTNU). The inactivation of the enzyme followed first-order kinetics even after loss of 96% of the original activity. This indicates that the inactivation process is a one-kill phenomenon and not a generation of less active enzyme. The addition of a preincubated aqueous solution of 3'-CTNU to the enzyme reaction mixture did not inactivate the enzyme. ATP . Mg2+ but not thymidine protects the enzyme from inactivation by 3'-CTNU. The allosteric regulators, dTTP, dCTP and dCDP also afforded complete protection of the enzyme from inactivation by 3'-CTNU. These data indicate that the dimer form of the enzyme is completely resistant to inactivation by 3'-CTNU, but the monomer form of the enzyme is sensitive. The specificity of the protection is supported by the finding that neither ATP . Mg2+ nor thymidine protect yeast alcohol dehydrogenase from inactivation by this nitrosourea analog of thymidine. PMID- 7002218 TI - Role of cations in the regulation of baker's yeast AMP deaminase. AB - The effect of polyamines and divalent cations including alkaline earth metals and transition metals on the AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase EC 3.5.4.6) purified from baker's yeast was investigated. (1) Polyamines and alkaline earth metals activated the enzyme in the absence of ATP: these cations largely enhanced the maximal velocity without alteration of S0.5 and nH (Hill coefficient) values. However, transition metals acted as potent inhibitors, which decreased the maximal velocity of the enzyme in the absence of ATP. (2) All of the divalent cations showed an activation of the enzyme in the presence of ATP, followed by a progressive decrease in activity as the concentrations of transition metals increased. (3) The increase in the concentrations of polyamines or alkaline earth metals showed no more activating effect when the enzyme was fully activated by the addition of excess alkali metals in the absence of ATP, but divalent cation activation was observed in the presence of ATP even if alkali metals were saturating. These results suggest the presence of two types of binding sites for cations: 1, the sites for free cations and 2, those for ATP-metal complexes. The former sites include the activating sites for alkali metals, polyamines and free alkaline earth metals, and the inhibitory sites for free transition metals. The latter sites are the activating sites for ATP-metal complexes, which are suggested to be commonly occupied by alkaline earth metals and transition metals and to form an ATP bridge (E-ATP-M) complex. PMID- 7002217 TI - Dipeptidyl peptidase II of bovine dental pulp. Initial demonstration and characterization as a fibroblastic, lysosomal peptidase of the serine class active on collagen-related peptides. AB - Dipeptidyl peptidase II (dipeptidylpeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.2), previously known as dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II, was shown to be present in relatively high concentrations in bovine dental pulp. Based on the DNA content of tissue homogenates, the fibroblasts of this connective tissue appeared to contain more dipeptidyl peptidase II than the cells of lysosome-rich tissues such as bovine spleen and rat liver. The newly-recognized properties of dipeptidyl peptidase II, from both pulp and pituitary sources, included a marked propensity for hydrolyzing prolyl bonds at acidic pH. Lys-Pro-2-NNap and Lys-Pro-2(4 methoxy)naphthylamide (designed for cytochemical application) were hydrolyzed at rates equal to that of Lys-Ala-2-NNap. The impure pulp enzyme and the authentic pituitary enzyme showed comparable relative rates of hydrolysis on a variety of fluorogenic substrates with the general structure X-Pro-2-NNap (X = Lys, Arg, Phe, Ala or Gly), and on a variety of collagen-related tripeptides represented by X-Pro-Ala (X = Gly, Ala or Lys). The highest rates wee obtained on Lys-Ala-Ala and Lys-Ala-Pro. The pH optima for the hydrolysis of the 2-naphthylamide derivatives varied from 5.0 to 5.7, and for tripeptides from 4.2 to 5.3. In all cases the N-terminal dipeptide was released intact. Although previously unrecognized as a serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase II (of pulp and pituitary origin) was strongly inhibited by (1 mM) diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, p nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The enzyme, from both sources, was fully inhibited by 0.1 mM Lys-Ala chloromethyl ketone, a newly-designed, active-site-directed inhibitor. The numerous properties shared by the putative dipeptidyl peptidase II of bovine dental pulp and an authentic preparation of the bovine pituitary enzyme provided strong support for their having a common identity. PMID- 7002219 TI - Antibodies to 5,6-dihydroprostaglandin I2 trap endogenously produced prostaglandin I2 in the rat circulation. AB - Rabbit immunoglobulins raised against 5,6-dihydroprostaglandin I2 which crossreact with prostaglandin I2 were infused intravenously into Inactin anaesthetised male adult rats. Clearance of intravenously administered [3H]prostaglandin I2 from the blood, which is normally rapid (t 1/2 approx. 45 s), was delayed strikingly in the presence of antibody (t 1/2 approx. 60 min). The antibodies also sequestered the endogeneously synthesized prostaglandin I2 and inhibited its metabolism. The rate of appearance of endogenous prostaglandin I2 in the circulation of the rat was measured in the following way: arterial blood samples (0.5 ml) were withdrawn before, during and at various time intervals (up to 180 min) after infusion of antibodies had terminated; the prostaglandins were extracted from the blood with ethanol, and the extracts were assayed by radioimmunoassay (before and after separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography) for the following prostaglandins: 6-keto-F1 alpha, E2, F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-metabolites of E2 and F2 alpha. Rapid and specific time related increments of prostaglandin I2 (detected serologically as 6-keto-F1 alpha) were observed. At 180 min these increases ranged from 1500- to 2500-fold over preinfusion levels. No significant increases were observed in the other prostaglandins measured; nor were there increases in 6-keto-F1 alpha when saline or immunoglobulins from non-immune plasma were infused into rats. When measured by these procedures, no appreciable differences in 6-keto-F1 alpha production were found between Japanese normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7002221 TI - Metabolism of phosphatidylinositol in the frog retina. AB - The synthesis and the turnover of phosphatidylinositol in frog retinal rod outer segments and microsomes were studied by following the time course of incorporation into lipids of the following radioactive precursors: [3H]glycerol, 33PO4, and [3H]inositol. 1. Although all precursors were incorporated into lipid, glycerol was the only true pulse of radioactive substrate because the precursor pools of phosphate and inositol in the retina have a slow rate of turnover. 2. A precursor-product relationship exists between retinal microsomes and rod outer segments for phosphatidylinositol synthesized from glycerol. 3. The specific activity in the rod outer segment phosphatidylinositol derived from labeled glycerol was ten times that of the other glycerolipids. Since the labeled precursor for each phospholipid class is derived from a common pool of glycerol 3 phosphate, the synthesis rate of phosphatidylinositol in the retina is much greater than that of the other phospholipids. 4. Two pools of phosphatidylinositol were identified in the rod outer segments; one turned over with a t1/2 of about 3.5 days, while the other turned over at the same rate as the other phospholipids labeled with glycerol. 5. Turnover of phosphatidylinositol in the rod outer segments after glycerol injection was followed by an increase in specific radioactivity in 1,2-diacylglycerols, consistent with the latter being a lipolytic product of phosphatidylinositol in these membranes. 6. The present studies demonstrate a unique metabolism of phosphatidylinositol in the rod outer segments compared to the other phospholipids, and it is suggested that the rapid turnover of this phospholipid may be related to membrane fusion events associated with the assembly and/or turnover of rod outer segment membranes. PMID- 7002223 TI - Synthesis of plastoquinone-9 and phytylplastoquinone from homogentisate in lettuce chloroplasts. AB - Chloroform-soluble extracts of unpurified chloroplast preparations of lettuce, pea and spinach and of class I lettuce chloroplasts that have been incubated in the light with [methylene-3H]homogentisate contain 3H-labelled plastoquinones-9 and -8 (minor homologue), 2-demethyplastoquinones-9 and -8 (minor homologue), pytylplastoquinone and 2-demethylphytylplastoquinone. The absence of demethylquinols, the presumed precursors of the dimethylquinones, from the extracts to the fact that no precautions were taken in the extraction procedure to present their oxidation to the corresponding quinones. In unpurified lettuce chloroplasts the synthesis of these compounds from [methylene-3H]homogentisate is Mg2+-dependent and it is stimulated by light. The addition of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to the incubation mixtures increases the amounts of both groups of quinones (polyprenyl quinones and phytyl quinones) synthesised in the light and the amounts of polyprenyl quinones synthesised in the dark. Replacement of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with a source of preformed polyprenyl pyrophosphates brings about a marked rise in the amounts of polyprenyl quinones synthesized. This rise in polyprenyl quinone synthesis is further increased if the chloroplasts are subjected to osmotic shock. The presence of S-adenosylmethionine increases the amounts of dimethylquinones synthesized at the expense of the demethylquinones. The implied precursor-product relationships between 2 demethylphytylplastoquinone (quinol?) and phytylplastoquinone and between the 2 demethylplastoquinones (quinols) and plastoquinones were verified in a pulse labelling experiment. Confirmation that these quinones, or their corresponding quinols, are synthesized in the chloroplast is provided by the fact that they are made in class I lettuce chloroplasts. In none of the many incubations carried out in the course of the study were any [3H]tocopherols produced. PMID- 7002222 TI - A two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system for the analysis of mammalian cell surface proteins. AB - A detailed analysis of mammalian cell surface proteins is described by a new two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. The first dimension gel contains 2% acrylamide, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3% Triton CF10 and 9 M urea. A combination of the detergents and urea permits the separation of poorly soluble, hydrophobic cell surface proteins. Under these conditions, the molecular size of proteins has a limited contribution to the fianl separation due to a low acrylamide concentration. Differences in charge properties, hydrophobicity, and glycosylation are the elements determining the resolution. In the second dimension, the proteins are separated primarily according to molecular weights, by a conventional polyacrylamide gel system in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. In this study, proteins of C6 rat glioma cell line are characterized. Cell surface proteins are specifically radio-labeled with 125I by a lactoperoxidase method, and compared with presumptive integral surface proteins which are resistant to extraction with 0.1 M NaOH. Also studied are total cellular proteins, fucose- and glucosamine-containing glycoproteins, and protein species with variable susceptibility to weak trypsin digestion. The electrophoresis system allows an unambiguous identification of each protein species. PMID- 7002224 TI - Physiological mechanisms of adaptation to weightlessness. Data from experiments with animals in earth-orbit biosatellites. AB - Four experiments were carried out with mammals (white laboratory rats) in Kosmos biosatellites. The experimental results indicate that rather prolonged weightlessness does not cause pathological changes in internal organs. Changes were discovered in the metabolic and hormonal status of the organisms, allowing us to consider an 18-22-day space flight as a moderately stressful activity. Changes in the musculoskeletal system involved atrophy of particular muscle groups, adaptive transformation of the contractile properties of some of them, osteoporosis, and decreased durability of bony tissue. There was a decrease in the ATPase activity of myocardial myosin, and there were changes in the erythrocytic system: decreased erythrocytic hemopoietic activity, increased levels of spontaneous hemolysis of erythrocytes, etc. All the described changes were reversible, and examination of the animals 25 days after their return to Earth showed practically complete normalization of the parameters studied. PMID- 7002220 TI - Metabolism of phosphatidylcholine in the frog retina. AB - The biosynthesis and the turnover of phosphatidylcholine were studied in the frog retina following either (a) injection into the animal of 32PO4, 33PO4, [1,3 3H]glycerol, [2-3H]glycerol, or [methyl-3H]choline, or (b) incubation of isolated retinas in solutions containing [methyl-3H]choline. 1. Examination of the pools of lipid precursors in the retina demonstrated that the choline and phosphate pools are long-lived compared to the glycerol pool, which is metabolically very active and turns over rapidly. 2. The peak in specific activity of phosphatidylcholine synthesized from labeled glycerol occurred earlier, and was higher in the microsomal fraction than in the rod outer segments, which is consistent with synthesis of phosphatidylcholine on the microsomes of the inner segment and subsequent incorporation into the rod outer segments. 3. Autoradiography of retinas incubated in vitro with tritiated choline revealed a diffuse labeling pattern in the rod outer segments. Biochemical studies following injection of labeled glycerol showed an exponential decline in specific radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine in the rod outer segments, which is consistent with a diffuse labeling of these membranes. 4. The half-life of phosphatidylcholine in the rod outer segments synthesized from labeled glycerol was found to be 18-19 days. Based on these values, calculations were made which indicated that phosphatidylcholine in the outer segments is turning over faster than integral disc membrane proteins. PMID- 7002225 TI - Relaxation and skin conductance feedback in the control of reactions to cognitive tasks. AB - Peripheral physiological activity and verbal ratings of tension and nervousness were assessed during instructed relaxation, and relaxation assisted by feedback of skin conductance level (SCL). Sixteen volunteers attempted to use each strategy in turn in a cross-over design. Responses were monitored both during quiet relaxation, and throughout the performance of taxing cognitive tasks. Th electrodermal feedback made no difference to the reductions in SCL, heart rate or subjective ratings, when relaxation was carried out in undisturbed conditions. Following training, reactions to cognitive tasks were attenuated. It is suggested that while SCL feedback may aid the management of reactivity, it has little impact in the short term on depth of relaxation achieved by instructional programmes. PMID- 7002226 TI - [Urinary Escherichia coli infections in the rat. Significance of the study of antibody-coated bacteria]. AB - The value of antibody coated bacteria (ACB) determinations in localizing urinary tract infections has yet to be confirmed. According, a study of ACB was carried out in rats in which either an upper or lower urinary tract infection has been experimentally induced with E. coli. Several ACB determinations were made for each animal prior to being sacrificed for pathological studies on the 7th day after inoculation. ACB were found only in those animals with parenchymatous lesions of the kidney or prostate, thus supporting the localizing value of this technique. PMID- 7002227 TI - Isolation of autologous antibodies to antigens-associated with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Antibodies to antigens presumably associated with Hodgkin's (HD) and antigens associated with HD and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) have been isolated by an immunosorbent procedure using serum of an untreated patient with HD and his affected splenic tissue immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. Antibodies bound to the immoblized antigens were eluted with 3 M NaSCN. The IgG fraction was isolated by chromatography, labelled with 125iodine, and tested in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with immobilized antigen prepared from spleens of patients with HD, NHL, normal splenic tissue or tissue culture cell lines. Direct binding assays, antibody competition assays and absorption studies with immobilized antigens gave evidence that the reagent prepared detects antigens associated with lymphomas in general and presumably HD-associated antigens at least in five cases. PMID- 7002228 TI - Infrared study of the secondary structure of lac repressor and its tryptic core. PMID- 7002229 TI - On dinoflagellate evolution. AB - A broad overview of the diversity of living dinoflagellates is presented in a hypothetical evolutionary context. Ultrastructural, and some physiological information is included. Five principal organizational types: prorocentroid, dinophysoid, gonyaulacoid, peridinioid and gymnodinoid, are taken to represent lineages, and the developments within each summarized. Thecal evolution is discussed party with the aid of a model developed to determine probable plate homologies in the gonyaulacoids and peridinioids. Both primitive and highly specialized features are drawn attention to, particularly with regard to the nucleus and ocelli. The parallelism between the latter and metazoan eyes is extraordinary, considering that the dinoflagellate organelles are made of subcellular components. The roles of various types of cysts within the lifecycle of dinoflagellates are discussed. The compatibility of the hypothetical events proposed here with the fossil record is briefly considered, and some indications of the phyletic position of dinoflagellates are reviewed. The conclusions summarize the principal developments that appear to have arisen within the group. The relative primitiveness of the desmokonts is affirmed. A new combination, Plectodinium miniatum (Kofoid and Swezy) comb. nov. is proposed, as well as the recognition of a new order, the Gonyaulacales ord. nov. PMID- 7002230 TI - Some properties of marrow derived adherent cells in tissue culture. AB - It has previously been shown that monolayer cultures derived adherent cells (MDAC), apparently consisting of fibroblasts, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and fat cells, can support long-term stem cell proliferation in vitro. In the present study, the hematopoietic support capability of murine MDAC monolayers was confirmed and the cultured cells further characterized with respect to the following properties: esterase I activity, complement (C3) receptors, IgG (Fc) receptors, colony stimulating activity (csa) production, and collagen synthesis. The cultures were also examined immunohistochemically to localize fibronectin, laminin, and collagen synthesis and to identify the collagen subtypes synthesized. MDAC morphology was as described in previous studies, although fat cells were few in number. It was found that MDAC included some cells with esterase I activity and C3 receptors. Fc receptors were not, however, detected, nor did the cultures produce csa, indicating that mononuclear phagocytes were not present. MDAC synthesized collagen types I and III and also fibronectin. Staining for epithelial basement membrane proteins (collagen types IV and V and laminin) was negative. The results indicate that the vast majority of these cultured MDAC were fibroblasts. PMID- 7002231 TI - Enhancement of hemopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation with the addition of nucleated blood cells in mice. AB - Recovery of bone marrow cellularity, CFU-C, and CFU-S were studied sequentially over 90 days time after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. A minimal cell dose of 2 X 10(5) bone marrow cells was given. At day 28 after transplantation, CFU-C reached more than 50% of the normal range whereas the CFU S concentration was less than 15%. Normalization of CFU-S occurred at day 90. The effect of the addition of peripheral blood nucleated cells on bone marrow hemopoietic recovery was studied at day 28. The augmentation of CFU-C and CFU-S recoverey were dose dependent. Optimal enhancement was seen with bone marrow to blood ratios of 1:1 and 1:2.5. This enhancement effect was lost when nucleated blood cells in a ratio of 1:10 were administered. PMID- 7002232 TI - The nature and action of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of granulocytic and macrophage cells. This regulator is now known to act at other levels of hemopoietic regulation. The heterogeneity of GM-CSFs is not only related to the tissue of origin and the in vitro production method, but also to functional subclasses of the molecule that have distinct biologic specificities. Most adult mouse organs produce GM-CSF (mol wt 23,000), but a macrophage (M)-CSF has been detected in fetal conditioned medium (CM) and isolated from L-cell CM. Murine endotoxin serum appears to contain a M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, the last of which cofractionates with a differentiation factor active on leukemic cells. Human GM-CSFs, G-CSF, and EO CSFs active on human cells have been detected in a variety of CM, but as yet none have been purified. Again, there are subclasses of progenitor cells that respond to particular forms of human active CSFs. GM-CSF isolated from mouse lung CM stimulates multipotential progenitor cells, the initial proliferatin of progenitors in the erythroid, eosinophil, and megakaryocyte series, as well as mature cells in the GM series. While GM-CSF is also able to stimulate the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells, other factors appear to be more potent in this respect. Information on the regulation of GM-CSF production, on the modulators of its action on specific target cells, and on its role in vivo will be required before the physiologic function of this molecule can be properly assessed. PMID- 7002235 TI - A review of epizootic lymphangitis and ulcerative lymphangitis in Nigeria: misnomer or misdiagnosis? PMID- 7002233 TI - "Aspirinated" platelets are hemostatic in thrombocytopenic rats with "nonaspirinated" vessel walls--evidence from an exchange transfusion model. AB - The contrasting effects of aspirin on bleeding time (BT) might be related to the drug's inhibitory activity on platelets and vascular prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). To test this, we developed an exchange transfusion model in the rat and studied the BT in animals whose platelets but not vessels had been exposed to aspirin. Rats with severe experimental thrombocytopenia were exchange-transfused with blood from normocythemic rats pretreated with aspirin 6 hr before. The platelet count was raised from 2% to about 70% of basal level and the BT returned to control values even though the platelets neither responded to arachidonic acid nor produced detectable amounts of malondialdehyde and vascular PGI2 was not inhibited. These results indicate that "aspirinated" platelets may be hemostatically active and that the BT is not necessarily affected by unbalanced prostaglandin production in platelets and the vessell wall. PMID- 7002236 TI - A comparison of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques for use in the study of malignant catarrhal fever. PMID- 7002239 TI - Psychosocial aspects of chronic renal failure. PMID- 7002238 TI - Simultaneous remote search: a technique of providing MEDLARS Services to remote locations. PMID- 7002237 TI - Comparative study on the efficiency of different media in the primary isolation of Clostridium tetani. PMID- 7002234 TI - Characteristics of immunoglobulin secretion in man evaluated by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. AB - The kinetics of Pokeweed mitogen-induced transformation of human B-lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells were examined in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated sheep red blood cells as indicator cells. Peak responses occurred consistently after 6-8 days of incubation. After determination of the optimal experimental conditions the RHPA was found to be a reliable tool to estimate ISC in vitro; the technique was also found to be applicable for experiments surveying the B-cell response of an individual over a period of months. The PWM-induced transformation of B cells was absolutely T-cell dependent. Other substances known as typical T-cell mitogens were also tested for polyclonal B-cell activation and some of them showed significant responses. Further experiments have shown that co-cultivation of non-HLA identical cells did not increase the number of plaques in unstimulated cultures whereas the addition of PWM leads to the generation of ISC within the expected range. These findings open a wide field of application of the RHPA in experimental and clinical immunology. PMID- 7002240 TI - Spina bifida. PMID- 7002242 TI - Nicotine inhibits hypoxia- and arachidonate-induced release of prostacyclin-like activity in rabbit hearts. AB - 1 Rabbit hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique and the interstitial effluent content of platelet anti-aggregatory activity (prostacyclin-like activity) was assayed at regular intervals. 2 Perfusion was performed with a solution containing 5% CO2 in O2. At regular intervals it was changed to solution containing 12% O2 and 5% CO2 in N2. Alternatively, perfusion with 5% CO2 in O2 was maintained during the entire experiment and sodium arachidonate was infused (5 to 15 microgram/min) at intervals. Under the basal conditions no efflux of prostacyclin-like activity was observed in the interstitial cardiac effluent, but both perfusion with a hypoxic solution and infusion of arachidonate induced such release. 3 Nicotine (5 X 10(-5) M) in the solution perfusing the heart markedly inhibited the efflux of prostacyclin-like activity into the cardiac interstitial effluent, induced by hypoxia or by infusion of arachidonate. 4 It is suggested that nicotine counteracts the formation of prostacyclin-like activity in the rabbit heart by interfering with the enzymatic conversion of arachidonate to prostacyclin. PMID- 7002241 TI - Renin-angiotensin mediation of adrenal catecholamine secretion induced by hypoglycaemia in the cat. AB - 1 The mechanism involved in catecholamine (CA) release from the cat adrenal gland in response to insulin hypoglycaemia was studied. In intact cats, hypoglycaemia induced an 11 fold increase in adrenomedullary CA secretion. 2 Acute bilateral nephrectomy nearly abolished the increased CA release from the adrenal gland during hypoglycaemia. 3 Infusion of Sar1-Ileu8-Angiotensin II (AII), a competitive AII antagonist, suppressed the adrenomedullary response to the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. After termination of the antagonist infusion CA secretion from the adrenal medulla increased rapidly, reaching the same level as in insulin-treated cats. 4 Infusion of rabbit anti-angiotensin I antibodies suppressed CA release from the adrenal gland of hypoglycaemic cats. This effect was more prolonged than that of Sar1-Ileu8-AII. 5 These results indicate that CA release from the adrenal medulla of the cat in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, is mediated through the renal reninangiotensin system. Since hypoglycaemia causes sympathetic stimulation through a central mechanism, angiotensin may act through the central nervous system. PMID- 7002244 TI - A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of dobutamine and a new dopamine derivative (D4975) during shock induced by E. coli endotoxin. AB - 1 The effects of a newly developed dopamine-xanthine derivative, 7-propyl theophylline-dopamine (D4975) and of dobutamine have been examined in anaesthetized cats before and after the induction of shock with E. coli endotoxin. 2 Both D4975 and dobutamine caused dose-related increases in left ventricular (LV) dP/dtmax (and LVdP/dt at fixed isovolumic pressures. Significantly smaller increases in LVdP/dtmax occurred as early as 0.5 to 1 h after endotoxin, with maximal attenuation at 1 to 2 h and some improvement in sensitivity in cats surviving 2 to 4 h. The maximum response to each drug was markedly reduced in shock. 3 Neither D4975 nor dobutamine had significant effects on heart rate. D4975 caused dose-related increases in systemic arterial blood pressure which were smaller during shock, the changes in responsiveness following those in LVdP/dtmax. 4 Possible mechanisms responsible for changing myocardial sensitivity to these and other agents are discussed. It is concluded that D4975 may be more useful in the treatment of shock than either dopamine or dobutamine because (a) it is more potent during shock than dobutamine (perhaps as a result of phosphodiesterase inhibition by the theophylline component of D4975); (b) its action is longer-lasting than dobutamine or dopamine and (c) like dobutamine, its effect on heart rate is insignificant. PMID- 7002243 TI - Coronary vasodilation: interactions between prostacyclin and adenosine. AB - 1 The influence of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the release of adenosine in rabbit hearts perfused by the Langendorff method was examined under normal conditions of perfusion and during perfusion with the adenosine antagonist, aminophylline. 2 PGI2 increased both coronary flow and the myocardial release of adenosine in a dose-dependent manner. Aminophylline at a low concentration (10 microgram/ml) suppressed the enhanced flow. 3 Adenosine increased both coronary flow and the release of PGI2 from the isolated hearts; both these effects were inhibited by the low aminophylline concentration. Inhibition of PGI2-biosynthesis by 75% caused only a nonsignificant reduction in the adenosine-induced enhancement of coronary flow. 4 Aminophylline at a high concentration (50 microgram/ml) produced an increase in coronary flow and in release of PGI2 as did adenosine; neither of these effects was observed with the low concentration of aminophylline (10 microgram/ml). 5 It is suggested that the coronary vasodilator effects of PGI2 in the isolated perfused rabbit hearts are due, at least partially, to the release of adenosine. PMID- 7002246 TI - Prospective trial of L-tryptophan in maternity blues. AB - Under double blind conditions 55 young, bottle feeding, multiparous women received L-tryptophan 3 g daily or placebo for ten days after delivery, and were also assessed daily for psychiatric symptoms. This treatment did not reduce 'maternity blues', but the mothers' blues scores correlated significantly with the scores for anxiety, depression and hysteria on the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire given in the eighth month of pregnancy. PMID- 7002245 TI - Mechanism by which cyproheptadine inhibits insulin secretion. AB - 1 Isolated islets of Langerhans from the rat have been used in studies designed to elucidate the mechanism by which cyproheptadine inhibits insulin secretion. 2 D-Glucose and tolbutamide, both of which require extracellular Ca2+ to produce insulin release, failed to evoke a secretory response from islets pretreated with cyproheptadine. Conversely veratridine, the calcium ionophore A23187 and theophylline, all of which are capable of mobilizing sufficient intracellular Ca2+ to evoke insulin secretion in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, produced similar responses from cyproheptadine pretreated and control islets. 3 Cyproheptadine completely inhibited Ca2+ uptake induced by D-glucose and high Ko+, two agents which depolarize the islet beta-cell membrane, whilst Ca2+ uptake elicited by removal of extracellular Na+ (i.e. Na+-Ca2+ counter transport) was only slightly reduced. 4 A significant increase in Na+ uptake produced by veratridine was sensitive to tetrodoxin but only partially reduced by cyproheptadine. 5 These results suggest that cyproheptadine inhibits depolarization-dependent calcium entry into pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 7002247 TI - A comparison of frontalis EMG feedback training and progressive relaxation in the treatment of chronic anxiety. AB - Two groups (N = 26) of patients with chronic anxiety were compared in their response to different forms of relaxation therapy. One group received 16 sessions of frontalis EMG and the other 16 sessions of progressive relaxation. Although EMG feedback was much superior in reducing frontalis EMG activity this treatment was no more effective than progressive relaxation in reducing symptoms of anxiety. Few patients in each group showed more than marginal improvement. PMID- 7002249 TI - In pursuit of excellence. PMID- 7002248 TI - Transplant of a kidney containing an occult metastasis. PMID- 7002250 TI - Controlled trial of bladder drill for detrusor instability. PMID- 7002251 TI - Are the drug-regulatory agencies paper villains? PMID- 7002254 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Drug development. PMID- 7002252 TI - Prevention or cure for stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding? PMID- 7002253 TI - Time of day of taking immunosuppressive agents after renal transplantation: a possible influence on graft survival. AB - Large-amplitude circadian rhythms in immune responses and the known variations in the effects of glucocorticoids with the time of day of administration suggest that immunosuppressive regimens may need to take this variable into account. In two similar groups of patients with renal transplants functioning satisfactorily after three months subsequent graft failure developed in 66% of those taking all immunosuppressives in the evening, compared with only 22% of those taking immunosuppressives twice daily (p < 0.05). A survey of other transplant units showed that one unit with outstanding results--graft survival at three years 82% -had a unique policy of morning-only administration of immunosuppressives. Doctors need to consider more carefully the time of drug administration when prescribing, as it may be possible to obtain better results with less toxicity. PMID- 7002255 TI - Statistics and ethics in medical research. Collecting and screening data. PMID- 7002256 TI - Fulminant streptococcus pyogenes infection. PMID- 7002257 TI - Glial origin of rapidly adhering amniotic fluid cells. AB - Rapidly adhering cells (RA cells) from the amniotic fluid of a pregnancy with fetal anencephaly were investigated by immunofluorescence assay with an antiserum against glial cells. After 24 hours' cultivation a high proportion of the cells showed positive glial-specific fluorescence, whereas no staining was seen in cells from samples of normal amniotic fluid. At the 24th week the mother was delivered of a stillborn infant with anencephaly. Immunofluorescence staining of RA cells with glial-specific antiserum may be used for the differential diagnosis of fetal abnormalities associated with a high alpha-fetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7002259 TI - Cervical cancer screening. PMID- 7002258 TI - Generalised allergy to porcine and bovine monocomponent insulins. PMID- 7002260 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of spongiform change in Creutzfeldt Jakob disease. AB - Brains from three human cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and three monkey cases of transmitted Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were examined. Spongiform change was present in all cases on both light and electron microscopic examination. Electron microscopic examination revealed membrane alterations within vacuoles in all cases. On SEM, both ulcerated and focally thickened membranes were apparent; TEM revealed splitting of unit membranes as well as focally thickened amorphous membranes. Small blisters with 70 to 150 nm particulates were seen on membranes in SEM. TEM revealed 10 nm electron-dense particles which might be either part of the infectious agent or a membrane alteration caused by it. The significance of these findings was discussed. PMID- 7002261 TI - A review of axon collateralization in the mammalian visual system. AB - Axon collateralization appears to represent a prominent feature of the mammalian visual system. Both anatomical and electrophysiological evidence reveal that axon branching occurs in the retinofugal, geniculocortical and visual corticifugal projections. Most of this evidence is provided by studies on the cat, but enough data are available from investigations on the rat and monkey to permit certain interspecies differences to be recognized and evaluated. Axon branching allows individual axons to provide innervation to two or more targets and generally to transmit the same type of visual information to these targets. There is abundant evidence to suggest that two of the three functional classes of retinal ganglion cells and geniculate relay cells (namely Y and W ganglion and relay cells) utilize axon branching; however, few details regarding this subject are currently available. The third functional class of ganglion and relay cells (X ganglion and relay cells) essentially lacks axon branches. This review has three primary goals: (1) to review the pertinent anatomical and electrophysiological literature dealing with axon branching and to discuss areas in which information is meager and further investigation necessary; (2) to emphasize the need for applying recently developed techniques, such as double-labeling of neurons and electrical collision, to the study of axon collateralization, and (3) to formulate some hypotheses concerning the functional significance of axon branching. PMID- 7002262 TI - Oxytocin biotransformation in the rat limbic brain: characterization of peptidase activities and significance in the formation of oxytocin fragments. AB - The enzymatic conversion of oxytocin by brain peptidases has been studied. Oxytocin was incubated with synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from the rat brain. Qualitative studies using a microdansylation technique revealed two types of oxytocin converting peptidases, e.g. aminopeptidase and C-terminal cleaving peptidase activities. Both enzyme activities were quantitated using [14C]oxytocin labeled at either the tyrosine-2 or the glycinamide-9 residue. Radiolabeled products were separated by high-voltage paper electrophoresis or high-pressure liquid chromatography. The aminopeptidase activity was optimally active at pH 6.9 with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 6.1 x 10(-5) M. The pH optimum of the C-terminal cleaving peptidase activity was pH 6.0 with Km = 1.3 x 10(-5) M. Subcellularly, highest amino-peptidase activities were associated with SPM, synaptosomal and microsomal preparations, while the C-terminal cleaving peptidase prevailed in the cytosol and mitochondrial fractions. The regional distribution of both peptidases showed differences between several brain areas and indicated the medial basal hypothalamus as a locus of high oxytocin biotransformation. In the course of this investigation an oxytocin fragment of unknown structure was detected in the digests and its accumulation was studied together with the determination of peptidase activities. It is suggested that the SPM-associated peptidases may have a role in the modulation of oxytocin action in the brain. PMID- 7002263 TI - [Centroacinar cells of the pancreas. Notes on their demonstration by argyrophilic methods and evaluation of probable importance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002264 TI - Status report. CDA Council on Dental Materials and Devices. Alternative alloys for use in crown and bridge procedures. PMID- 7002265 TI - Permanent tooth emergence timing of Northern Quebec Caucasoid children. PMID- 7002267 TI - Post and core impressions using Duralay--report of a case. PMID- 7002266 TI - Fluoride paste and rinse in a school dental program. PMID- 7002268 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to lens proteins in rats. AB - The radiometric ear index technique was performed to investigate the ability of lens proteins to induce a cellular autoimmune response in rats. The immunization of inbred rats with autologous total lens crystallins caused activation of the cellular immune system that was predominantly directed to beta-crystallins; alpha crystallins and gamma-crystallins were less active. The injection of autologous lens material into the ears of rats immunized with this material caused a significant infiltration of cells containing tritium-labelled thymidine. PMID- 7002269 TI - Review of macular disease, 1979. PMID- 7002270 TI - Colorectal anastomosis by transanal end-to-end stapling. AB - In 26 patients end-to-end colorectal anastomosis was attempted using a transanal stapling instrument. The anastomosis was successful in 19 patients. Permanent colostomy would have been the only alternative treatment in 12 patients. In five patients, other sphincter-saving methods of anastomosis would have been technically feasible but more difficult and hazardous. In the remaining two patients standard sutures or side-to-side stapling could have been used equally easily. The technique of anastomosis, the complications and the functional results are reviewed. The authors conclude that transanal end-to-end stapled anastomosis is an important technical advance in colorectal surgery. PMID- 7002271 TI - Hypertension following myocardial revascularization: its prevalence and etiology. AB - Of 11 patients who underwent elective aortocoronary bypass operation using nonpulsatile flow with moderate hypothermia (28 degrees C), 8 had hypertension defined as blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg or greater. The plasma renin level was not elevated during bypass by postoperatively in the intensive care unit it became significant (P < 0.05) elevated. An increase in the release of renin was associated with a rise in systemic vascular resistance and coincided with the onset of hypertension. Although the values of plasma catecholamines were elevated during bypass and in the intensive care unit, they did not appear to contribute appreciably to increases in systemic resistance. The authors conclude that an increase in the release of renin is associated with increased vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure following myocardial revascularization. PMID- 7002272 TI - Surgical management of Peyronie's disease. AB - Various forms of treatment have been advocated for Peyronie's disease but none has been entirely satisfactory. Recent reports in the literature indicate that surgical management consisting of excision and dermal grafting may not be the perfect cure suggested in the original report of Devine and Horton. The authors therefore review their experience in the use of the Devine-Horton technique emphasizing factors thought to be important for success. These include careful selection of patients for operation (patients should be potent, have undergone at least 6 months of conservative treatment, have non-inflammatory painless disease and a resectable localized fibrotic plaque), use of a circumferential incision to allow adequate operative exposure and use of a dermal graft 25% larger than the defect. PMID- 7002273 TI - Specificity of antinuclear factor testing: what does specific mean? PMID- 7002274 TI - Acute hemolytic anemia secondary to infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7002277 TI - The remarkable accomplishments of Dr. Peter Roget. PMID- 7002276 TI - Eight cases of Legionnaires' disease. AB - Eight patients with Legionnaires' disease were seen at one hospital in the summer of 1979. They presented in the same 12-day period with an illness of rapid onset characterized by fever, chills, malaise, profuse sweating and neurologic symptoms. Neutrophilia, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and abnormal liver enzyme levels in the serum were usually noted. The roentgenographic findings in the lungs ranged from segmental interstitial infiltration to panlobar pneumonia. Seven patients responded to erythromycin treatment, though one died suddenly, presumably of unrelated cardiac disease. The other patient died of a combination of renal and respiratory failure, with pulmonary edema. PMID- 7002275 TI - [Trichopoliodystrophy or Menkes disease]. AB - Trichopoliodystrophy (also known as Menkes' kinky or steely hair disease), a recessive sex-linked syndrome, is characterized by severely retarded mental and physical development, convulsions, a particular phenotype and abnormalities of the hair, bones and arteries. Very low levels of copper and ceruloplasmin in the serum confirm the diagnosis. This rare disorder is caused by an inborn error of copper metabolism whose nature is not yet clear. Recent hypotheses favour either an abnormality in the transport of copper across the cell membrane or increased affinity for copper of the intracellular binding protein. Because the metabolic abnormality is expressed autonomously and irregularly in various tissues, the distribution of copper within the body is disordered. Up to now none of the many forms of copper therapy has succeeded in modifying the fatal course of the disease in humans. This article presents a new case, the first in Canada, and a review of the other 69 cases described in the literature. The new case illustrates, in addition to the classic picture, less well known features, such as diverticula of the bladder mucosa and serosa, as well as cortical atrophy and malformed cerebral vessels demonstrated by computer-assisted tomography. PMID- 7002280 TI - The importance of the stable category for chemotherapy treated patients with advanced and relapsing prostate cancer. AB - Categories of objective response to chemotherapy for 460 advanced relapsing prostate cancer patients evaluated in the initial first four randomized clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project were compared by survival and other patient and disease characteristics. The response criteria for stable were shown to delineate patients with markedly improved survival and other disease conditions relative to those designated as progression. Survival was similar for stable and partial regression patients despite more frequent reduction of primary tumor and subjective improvement in performance status, pain, and body weight in the partial regression patients. Consequently, we feel that in these studies the stable category is valid and useful for determining efficacy of treatment in patients with advancing prostate cancer. PMID- 7002278 TI - Pre-menstrual tension and mood change. AB - Pre-menstrual tension has been studied intensively for many years. A review of relevant literature was undertaken to try to clarify the admixture of fact and fiction which has accumulated. The bulk of research noted has been done using self-reporting scales of physiological and psychological discomfort. This research has been criticized on methodological grounds. There seems little question that mood changes do occur during the menstrual cycle. It would appear that, irrespective of personality factors and psychopatholoy, such changes can be correlated with levels of progesterone and estrogen. Gonadal hormones affect cerebral MAO levels and catecholamine metabolism. High levels of estrogen have been related to increased feelings of well-being and low levels of depression. Studies have attempted to explain differences in menstrual mood changes to the psychological impact this process may have. While this cannot be discounted, it is likely that there is an interaction between psychological and physiological factors. Clarification of this is an important challenge for future research. PMID- 7002279 TI - Management with chemotherapy only of stage I and II malignant lymphoma of aggressive histologic types. AB - Thirty patients with clinical stage I-II malignant lymphoma of aggressive histologic types (histiocytic, undifferentiated, and mixed) were treated with chemotherapy alone. Of 25 patients with measurable disease, 22 (88%) achieved a complete remission. The remaining five patients had been rendered disease-free at the time of excisional biopsy; for this reason, they are considered evaluable only for duration of disease-free survival. Of the 27 patients who achieved disease-free status, 23 (85%) remain free of any evidence of disease. All eight patients with stage I disease and 15 of the 19 patients with stage II disease remain free of disease. The use of clinical instead of surgical staging, followed promptly by systemic treatment with combination chemotherapy, results in a substantial cure rate and avoids the undesirable morbidity and treatment delay associated with laparotomy. The results of this approach compare favorably with those obtained by radiotherapy alone or with combined radiation and chemotherapy for surgically staged patients. PMID- 7002281 TI - The establishment of a cell line (NH-AR) from a human nodular lymphoma and a comparison with lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - A cell line (NH-AR strain) has been established in vitro from a patient with malignant lymphoma, nodular histiocytic type, and maintained in continuous growth for more than 18 months. The cells grew floating in the culture medium forming characteristic balls. The doubling time of the total cell population was 38.4 hours. Surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis were monoclonal gamma heavy chain and lambda light chain. Chromosome analysis of the cell line revealed 47/48,XY,+A with a mode of 47,XY,+1,1p-,t(2q-;3pt+),t(18q-;14q+), which was identical to that obtained from the biopsied lymph node. Ultrastructurally, tight interdigitation of the cytoplasmic processes was reminiscent of the labyrinthine structure of the nodular lymphoma cells. Its nodular growth pattern is discussed in relation to other lymphoblastoid cell lines. PMID- 7002283 TI - Intracortical osteosarcoma. AB - A case of osteosarcoma is described that originated within the cortex of the tibial diaphysis. This form of osteosarcoma was first described by Jaffe as "intracortical osteogenic sarcoma." A review of the literature indicates that this is probably the rarest presenting form of osteosarcoma. It appears to have a predilection for origin in the diaphysis, and its radiologic appearance may mimic a benign lesion. Follow-up information is given on the two cases originally reported by Jaffe, and the tumor is distinguished from periosteal osteosarcoma with which it has recently been confused. PMID- 7002282 TI - Sinusoidal large cell ("histiocytic") lymphoma. AB - A sinusoidal pattern of involvement by large cell ("histiocytic") lymphoma was present focally or throughout the initial lymph node biopsies of 18 patients. Clinical, ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunopathologic studies confirm that this is lymphoma. The recognition of this variant of large cell lymphoma is important in avoiding the common misdiagnoses, which were metastatic carcinoma, metastatic malignant melanoma, and malignant histiocytosis. The number of patients is too small for comment on whether the pattern has prognostic implications. PMID- 7002284 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate in childhood and adolescence: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - This paper reports a case of carcinoma of the prostate in an 11-year-old boy. The clinical findings were characterized by a mass in the prostatic region, extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis, and normal serum acid phosphatase. Autopsy demonstrated an undifferentiated tumor, which probably originated from the outer gland of the prostate. Metastases to the bones, liver, lungs, and the lymph nodes were present. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed undifferentiated neoplastic cell, which is in contrast to the usual adenocarcinoma in older individuals. Histochemical examination failed to demonstrate acid phosphatase activity within the tumor cells. The authors considered that this tumor probably originated from immature basal cells of the prostatic gland. Review of the literature disclosed 15 cases of carcinoma of the prostate in individuals under 21 years of age. These cases were also characterized by an undifferentiated appearance of tumor cells and normal serum acid phosphatase level. PMID- 7002285 TI - Estradiol-induced biochemical changes in human neoplastic cells: estradiol mediated protease. AB - One human skin fibroblast (HSF), three normal mammary epithelial (HNMEC), four mammary carcinoma (HMCC) and three malignant melanoma (HMMC) cell lines were examined for responsiveness to 17 alpha- and 17 beta-estradiol. Responsiveness was monitored by changes in 3H-thymidine uptake (DNA synthesis), 3H-leucine uptake (protein synthesis), extranuclear protease activities and resistance to complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity (CDSC). 17 alpha-estradiol had no effect on any of the examined cell lines. 17 beta-estradiol had no effect on the extranuclear protease activities, or resistance to CDSC, but it increased DNA and protein synthesis in HSF and HNMEC cell lines. 17 beta-estradiol increased sensitivity to CDSC cellular lysis, DNA and protein synthesis. It induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the extranuclear protease activities suggesting an estradiol-dependent enzyme. Extracts of estradiol-treated human mammary carcinoma and human malignant melanoma cells yielded concentrated protease activities. Fractionation of the extracts gave enzymically active protein which differed in their catalytic properties. PMID- 7002286 TI - Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on the development of primary lung cancer in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - The effect of a single systemic or intratracheal administration of viable Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on the development of primary lung cancer in Syrian golden hamsters was assessed. M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin administered i.v. prior to, during, or after carcinogen treatment did not alter the incidence of lung tumors. Animals receiving intratracheal M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin had an increased incidence of lung tumors. Both i.v. and intratracheal routes accelerated the appearance of tumors. PMID- 7002288 TI - Localization of [14C]nitrosonornicotine in tissues of the mouse. AB - Male C57BL/6J mice were given i.v. injections of 7 mg (about 4 mu Ci) of N' [pyrrolidine-2-14C] nitrosonornicotine per kg and frozen by immersion in dry ice:hexane at 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3, 9, and 24 hr after injection. The mice were processed for whole-body autoradiography without allowing thawing or the use of any solvents; sagittal sections of the frozen mice were freeze dried and placed on X-ray film to reveal areas of localization of radioactivity. At 6 min after administration, radioactivity was highest in liver, kidney, parotid gland, nasal epithelium, melanin, and contents of lower stomach; there was very little radioactivity at this time interval in bronchial epithelium. At later time intervals, there was increasing radioactivity in bronchial and nasal epithelium and sublingual and submandibular duct epithelium. By 24 hr after administration, virtually the only radioactivity remaining in the entire body was in the epithelium of the nasal cavity, bronchi, esophagus, and salivary glands and also in melanin, liver, proximal tubules of the kidney, and preputial gland. The autoradiographs are interpreted to reveal that most of the radioactivity is eliminated by renal and hepatic secretion and that metabolites are retained only at sites of carcinogenic action. The specificity of accumulation in nasal, bronchial, esophageal, and salivary duct epithelium may be due to receptor directed interactions and suggests that other compounds might block this accumulation. PMID- 7002287 TI - Mutagenic activities of oxidized derivatives of N-nitrosodipropylamine in the liver cell-mediated and Salmonella typhimurium assays. AB - The mutagenic activity of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), N-nitroso(2 hydroxypropyl) (2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), N-nitrosomethyl-2-oxopropylamine (MOP), and N-nitrosomethyl-2 hydroxypropylamine (MHP) was examined in the Ames liquid incubation assay, using hamster liver homogenate for metabolic activation, and in the hamster liver cell mediated V79 cell assay. At similar concentrations, the cell-mediated assay showed a greater mutagenic response over background to these nitrosamines than did the bacterial assay. Also, the relative mutagenic potency in the cell mediated assay (MOP > MHP > BOP > HPOP > BHP) correlated better than that in the Ames assay (HPOP > MHP greater than or equal to BOP = BHP = MOP) with overall carcinogenic potency in the hamster (MOP > BOP > HPOP > BHP). The liver cell mediated assay may be an important adjunct to the battery of short-term tests for carcinogenicity prescreening. PMID- 7002289 TI - Direct cloning of human neuroblastoma cells in soft agar culture. AB - An in vitro soft agar technique was used in an attempt to culture neuroblastoma cells from 71 bone marrow, 3 lymph node, and 2 solid tumor specimens from 18 patients with neuroblastoma. One-half of each specimen was sent for routine pathology studies and one-half was cultured in the soft agar system. Colonies appeared within 10 days in histologically positive bone marrows. Light microscopy, electron microscopy, catecholamine secretion, and karyology provided evidence that the colonies were composed of neuroblastoma cells. There were 38 instances in which histological study of the specimen demonstrated neuroblastoma cells. The soft agar system showed colony growth in 30 of these samples (79%). There were a total of 38 specimens that were histologically negative for neuroblastoma. Thirty of these 38 specimens showed no growth in the stem cell assay. Eight histologically negative specimens from 6 patients formed colonies in the soft agar system. Five of these 6 patients showed tumor histologically on prior or subsequent marrow examinations. In addition to a significant correlation between histological and soft agar culture results (p < 0.001), there exists a highly significant positive correlation between the number of colonies per plate and the histological status of the specimen (p < 0.005). Serial marrow samples were cultured on 7 patients. There appears to be an association between the number of colonies that develop in the plate and the clinical course and prognosis of the patient. Decreasing plating efficiencies (number of colonies per number of cells plated) correlated with tumor response. Increasing plating efficiencies indicated tumor relapse. A plating efficiency of greater than or equal to 0.1% portended a particularly poor prognosis. Neuroblastoma grows well in this soft agar culture system. This excellent growth provides a good model for both clinical and basic science studies of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7002290 TI - Assessment of immune responses to tumors using cryostat sections of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Thirty patients with lung cancer were studied using the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. Cryostat sections of autologous and homologous carcinoma tissues and normal lung were used as antigens. Although no inhibition of migration was seen using autologous cancer tissues, seven of 30 patients (23%) demonstrated inhibition of leukocyte migration in response to homologous cancer sections. No association with clinical stage was appreciated. Seven patients demonstrated enhanced migration to homologous malignant tissues; six of these are still alive more than 18 months after testing. The extent of lymphocytic infiltration of tumors was estimated as a possible reflection of host immune response or tumor antigenicity. Patients whose tumors were prominently infiltrated by lymphocytes had a significantly better prognosis than did those whose tumors showed lesser degrees of infiltration. The degree to which a tumor is infiltrated by the host's lymphocytes appears to correlate with survival. Whether or not this correlation is independent of tumor cell type remains to be determined. PMID- 7002292 TI - Production of a highly reactive alkylating agent from the organospecific carcinogen methylazoxymethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7002291 TI - Induction of macrophage-mediated tumor lysis by the lectin wheat germ agglutinin. AB - The first step in macrophage-mediated tumor lysis, effector-target contact, was studied in a C3H/He mouse-MM46 syngeneic tumor system in which antibody-dependent tumor lysis by macrophages (ADMC) was observed in vitro. Various lectins were tested for the ability to mediate the contact between effector macrophages and target tumor cells. Several lectins, such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen, were found to induce this contact, but only WGA also induced tumor lysis by macrophages. Both this lectin-dependent cytolysis by macrophages (LDMC) and the cytoadherence between macrophages and tumor cells induced by WGA were inhibited by N-acetyl glucosamine, a sugar specifically recognized by WGA. In the LDMC reaction, macrophages in the presence of WGA could kill other syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells but not normal thymus or spleen cells. These findings suggest that WGA is a ligand in macrophage-mediated cytolysis, inducing the binding of effector cells to target cells that triggers off lysis of the target cells. Comparative studies on the mechanisms of cytolysis involved in LDMC and ADMC showed that ADMC, but not LDMC, was inhibited by aggregated immunoglobulin and by protease pretreatment of macrophages. Thus, the mechanisms of recognition in LDMC an ADMC are different, but both ligands can induce the lytic reaction. PMID- 7002294 TI - Identification of mutagenic dihydrodiols as metabolites of benzo(j)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene. AB - The metabolism of the environmental agents benzo(j)-fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene was investigated using supernatants from the livers of Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats, which are effective in activating benzo(j)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene to metabolites mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Six bands of metabolites of benzo(j)fluoranthene were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and each band was tested for mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium TA 100 with activation. The major mutagenic band contained two dihydrodiols, one of which was identified as 9,10 dihydro-9, 10-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene by comparison to a synthetic reference standard. 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene was mutagenic toward S. typhimurium TA 100 with activation, presumably as a result of conversion to the corresponding dihydrodiol-epoxide. The major dihydrodiol metabolite of benzo(k)fluoranthene was identified, by comparison to a synthetic standard, as 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxybenzo(k)fluoranthene. This dihydrodiol, which could also be converted to a dihydrodiol-epoxide, was mutagenic toward S. typhimurium TA 100 with activation. The results of this study indicate that metabolism to dihydrodiols is one pathway in the activation of benzo(j)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene to ultimate mutagens for S. typhimurium TA 100. PMID- 7002293 TI - Design of liposomes to improve delivery of macrophage-augmenting agents to alveolar macrophages. AB - Factors affecting the localization of liposomes injected i.v. in the lung have been studied to identify the optimal type of liposome for delivery of macrophage activating agents to the lung to augment the tumoricidal activity of alveolar macrophages (AM). Comparison of pulmonary retention of liposomes of differing size, surface charge, and composition following i.v. injection into inbred mice revealed that large multilamellar (MLV) and reversed-phase-evaporation (REV) liposomes are arrested in the lung more efficiently than are small unilamellar liposomes of identical lipid composition. MLV and REV containing negatively charged amphiphiles arrest in the lung more efficiently than do neutral MLV's or REV's or MULV's and REV's containing positively charged amphiphiles. Comparison of the ability of liposomes containing a variety of negatively charged amphiphiles to localize in the lung established that optimal localization was achieved using MLV and REV prepared from phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (3:7 mol ratio) or PS:PC:lysolecithin (4.95:4.95:0.1 mol ratio). The proportion of these liposomes retained in the lung after i.v. injection was constant over a wide dose range (0.02 to 20 mumol phospholipid per mouse), but hemodilution due to i.v. inoculation of liposomes in volumes exceeding 0.2 ml reduced retention in the lung. Uptake of liposomes by AM was demonstrated by showing that i.v. injection of PS:PC MLV liposomes containing fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin resulted in localization of fluorescence within AM recovered by pulmonary lavage. Similarly, AM recovered after i.v. injection of PS:PC MLV liposomes containing lymphokine preparations rich in macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity exhibited tumoricidal activity. In contrast, macrophages recovered from control animals given injections of unencapsulated MAF or liposomes containing lymphocyte supernatants without MAF activity were devoid of cytotoxic activity. Neutral (PC) MLV liposomes containing MAF, which show only very limited retention in the lung, were ineffective in activating AM in situ. We conclude that negatively charged MLV liposomes (PS:PC, 3:7 mol ratio) localize efficiently in the lung and that macrophage-activating agents encapsulated within such liposomes can successfully activate lung macrophages in situ. PMID- 7002295 TI - Mutagenicity of hydroxamic acids and the probable involvement of carbamoylation. AB - A series of hydroxamic acids (aceto-, propiono-, benzo-, and p-nitrobenzo-) and seven derivatives of these were examined for biological activity using Salmonella typhimurium. Acylation to yield O-acetyl and O-benzoyl derivatives markedly enhanced toxic properties and was necessary for mutagenic activity for all but p nitrobenzohydroxamic acid. The dose necessary to produce a minimum significant mutagenic response varied from 21 microM for O-benzoyl benzohydroxamate to 430 microM for O-acetyl acetohydroxamate. These two compounds were also tested with human lymphoblasts to which they were toxic at 100 microM but not mutagenic. O Acetyl benzohydroxamate, a mutagen, was prepared wih a 14C label in the carbonyl carbon atom of the benzoyl group and was shown to form an adduct in vitro with DNA and polyguanylic acid. The level of binding was 1 mol of 14C per 5 X 10(4) mol of DNA phosphate and 1 mol of 14C per 10(5) mol of polyguanylic acid phosphate. PMID- 7002297 TI - Symposium on vindesine. Chairman's introductory remarks. PMID- 7002296 TI - Specific effects of fibronectin-releasing peptides on the extracellular matrices of cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Fibronectin-releasing activity has recently been found in concentrated serum-free culture media of the established human fibrosarcoma cell line, 8387. We used these M.W. 10,000 fibronectin-releasing polypeptides (10K peptides) to study their effects on the cell-free matrices of cultured diploid human lung fibroblasts. Metabolically labeled cultures of fibroblasts were extracted with sodium deoxycholate and hypotonic buffer to prepare the matrices. The isolated matrices contained fibronectin and procollagen as their major radiolabeled proteins, and some as yet unidentified polypeptides were also detected. the matrices that were attached on the culture dishes were exposed to increasing concentrations of the 10K peptides in serum-free medium, and the changes in the radiolabeled polypeptides were studied. As a result of this treatment, there was a massive release of both fibronectin and procollagen from the matrices. No major cleavages of either released protein could be seen. After digestion of the matrix associated collagen with collagenase, the 10K peptides released only fibronectin. Collagenase treatment, on the contrary, did not affect matrix-associated fibronectin. On the other hand, a M.W. 66,000 matrix-associated protein was constantly cleaved to a M.W. 62,000 form that remained in the matrix as a result of the incubation of the matrices with the 10K peptides. The 10K peptides did not affect the other radiolabeled polypeptides present in the matrix. the results indicate that the fibronectin-releasing peptide behaves as a specific protease on the matrices of cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 7002298 TI - Ventricular ectopy and sudden death. AB - The occurrence of certain complex forms of chronic ventricular arrhythmias or high frequency of less complex forms constitutes an independent risk factor for subsequent sudden death proportional to the degree of host organic heart disease. Currently, grade is probably best defined by referring to either simple or complex ventricular arrhythmias--complex forms being a combination of Lown's modified grades 3, 4, and 5, plus bigeminy. Frequency may provide an equally good expression of the information contained in gradation analysis, but one must recognize the potentially important transient advanced grades which may occur when overall frequency is low. The importance of such transient events has not yet been determined. The recently emphasized problem of spontaneous variation of frequency has yet to be resolved, both in terms of the patient who is not on drug therapy and those who are on long-term, steady-state therapy. For purposes of risk assessment for sudden death, until some of the controversies mentioned are resolved, the best compromise between accuracy, limitations, and economics remains the use of a single 24-hour Holter monitor analyzed for both frequency and the occurrence of complex or advanced grades. The goal of treatment should be a marked reduction or abolition of chronic VPDs, but if this is not successful, simply maintaining therapeutic blood levels of antiarrhythmic drugs may afford some protection against symptomatic or potentially lethal arrhythmias. The roles of provocative testing employing exercise, psychologic stressing, or electrophysiologic testing to identify high risk individuals are all being intensively investigated at the present time. PMID- 7002299 TI - Detection, significance and management of VPBs in ambulatory patients. AB - The detection, clinical significance, and management strategies of VPBs in ambulatory patients have been presented. VPBs can be easily detected by a variety of recording techniques, and the major risk posed by VPBs occurs predominantly in patients with complex VPB patterns and concomitant organic heart disease. Available antiarrhythmic therapy is quite limited, and efficacy, convenience, and tolerance considerations dictate a conservative approach to initiating therapy. Risk-benefit considerations must be reasoned through in each patient. Presently, drug risks closely approximate those of the underlying cardiac condition, and the benefits from antiarrhythmic drug therapy are marginal at the very best. However, antiarrhythmic therapy has special relevance for the high risk cardiac patient. A Yiddish proverb states, "Ever since dying came into fashion, life hasn't been safe." Hopefully, antiarrhythmic therapy is making life safer for the high risk ambulatory patient. PMID- 7002301 TI - Arrhythmias and conduction system disturbances in infants and children--Recent advances and contributions of intracardiac electrophysiology. PMID- 7002300 TI - Computer recognition of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - The current status of systems for computer recognition of cardiac arrhythmias for routine clinical electrocardiography and for rhythm monitoring has been presented. The goal is to approach the pattern recognition capabilities of the human observer and to add the advantages of the computational prowess and indefatigability of the digital computer. The accuracy of the methods obviously depends on the population studied; excellent results in screening of normals contrast with poorer achievement in patients with complex arrhythmias. The other factors involved include high quality (noise-free) ECG recordings, parameter measurement accuracy, the degree of program sophistication, and the role of human intervention in the various systems. The future looks extremely promising for both computer applications for ECG arrhythmia analysis. The important factors to be considered have been presented at the Tenth Bethesda Conference on "Optimal Electrocardiography" in April 1977. The establishment of "gold standard" tapes for both routine and monitored ECG recordings will provide vital data for evaluation of all systems. There is an ongoing, constant upgrading of recording and computer equipment, data transmission methods, and program sophistication together with continual cost reduction. With this rapid progress, computer analysis of cardiac arrhythmias can be expected to achieve routine application in our cardiologic diagnostic armamentarium. PMID- 7002302 TI - Clinical pharmacology of old and new antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7002304 TI - Monitoring blood levels of cardioactive drugs. AB - The availability of specific, sensitive, and convenient analytic methods has simplified determinations of plasma concentrations of several cardioactive drugs. The available data indicate that, although in general the plasma concentrations of cardioactive drugs bear a more consistent relationship to their pharmacologic effects than the doses administered, they cannot substitute for careful clinical observation and judgment. Plasma concentrations of these drugs, following a given dose, are influenced by several factors which include patient's size, renal, hepatic, cardiac, and gastrointestinal function, bioavailability of the drug, and interplay with other concurrently administered drugs. These factors cannot be predicted with any degree of accuracy before starting therapy, but measuring plasma drug concentrations under appropriate conditions can be helpful in determining individual differences in drug disposition. The majority of patients can be treated without the use of plasma concentrations of digitalis and antiarrhythmic drugs. However, the availability of measurements can be helpful in a variety of specific clinical situations discussed in the text. In practice, plasma concentrations have been most valuable in the recognition of digitalis toxicity and as guides to therapy of resistant tachyarrhythmias requiring high dosages of single or multiple antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7002306 TI - Bundle branch block. PMID- 7002303 TI - Indications for antiarrhythmic therapy as prophylaxis against sudden death. PMID- 7002305 TI - Electrophysiologic management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in acute and chronic ischemic heart disease. AB - The refinement of the techniques of programmed stimulation and intracardiac recording has provided an understanding of the mechanism of ventricular tachycardia which can be applied clinically to the development of therapeutic regimens. The efficacy of drug therapy can be assessed by sequential studies evaluating the ability of drugs to prevent the initiation of the arrhythmia. The efficacy of pacemaker therapy can be evaluated by the effects of stimulation during the tachycardia. The recent development of endocardial mapping provides the surgeon with a tool to guide therapeutic surgical ablation. We believe that such an electrophysiologic approach to recurrent ventricular tachycardia can lead to the rapid development of successful therapy under controlled conditions. PMID- 7002307 TI - Sick sinus syndrome: mechanisms and management. AB - Sick sinus syndrome has become a frequent and challenging diagnosis for the practicing physician (Fig. 6). Increased longevity will create even more patients in need of effective therapy. Multiple etiologies have been described, but the common final pathway in most instances appears to be chronic fibrosis of the sinus node. The multifaceted features of the syndrome have delayed an organized diagnostic approach until recently. Noninvasive diagnosis often suffices, particularly with the availability of Holter monitoring. Invasive studies help to confirm sinus node dysfunction and possible associated conduction defects in these patients. The prognosis is variable and at times unpredictable. Nonetheless, it is best to establish the diagnosis promptly and to institute appropriate therapy. Cardiac pacing has had a particularly beneficial impact on the long-term management of the sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7002308 TI - Arrhythmias during myocardial infarction: Mechanisms, significance, and therapy. AB - Mobile coronary care, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, electrical defibrillation, and effective antiarrhythmic agents have each contributed to the major advances made in the detection, prevention, and treatment of arrhythmias during myocardial infarction. Ventricular ectopy within the first few minutes of acute myocardial infarction is still a major cause of death in patients with coronary artery disease, and future work, including education of at least selected members of the lay population in the techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, will be necessary to significantly reduce the incidence of prehospital sudden death. For patients who survive the early minutes of infarction and receive medical attention, the short and long-term prognosis is now largely determined by the amount of myocardium which is permanently affected by the ischemic process. The influence of disturbance of heart rate and rhythm on the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, on hemodynamic function of the heart, and on experimental infarct size has been recognized. Future work must therefore also confirm that prevention and early therapy of potentially deleterious arrhythmias will limit infarct size, improve the short-term prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction, and decrease the incidence of late sudden death. PMID- 7002310 TI - [Dr. Roman Kadlicky. His life and work]. PMID- 7002309 TI - Induction of cell-mediated responses against malarial erythrocytic stage through chemically pre-treated Burkitt lymphoma tumour cells. PMID- 7002311 TI - [Usability of a new method of serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity estimation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002312 TI - [80th birthday of Prof. Miloslav Matousek]. PMID- 7002313 TI - [Prof. Jaroslav Horejsi at 75]. PMID- 7002314 TI - [Enzyme immobilization on hydroxyalkylmethacrylate carrier Separon E - properties of immobilized enzymes and their prospective uses in medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002315 TI - [The 1st congress of Czech physicians and naturalists in Prague in the spring of 1880]. PMID- 7002318 TI - The cytoplasmic filamentous network in cultured ovarian granulosa cells. AB - We have utilized a cracking procedure followed by a rotary shadow technique to examine the ultrastructure of cultured ovarian granulosa cells. We have demonstrated that the structures observed are not artifacts of fixation or cracking by generating equivalent images following freezing and deep etching as well as by fixation prior to cracking. The cytoplasm of granulosa cells exhibits a complex cytoskeletal lattice composed of many 40-55 nm filaments. This filamentous network is continuous with the plasma membrane and appears to incorporate all formed elements within the cytoplasm. Filaments are organized in three ways: first, in large bundles, second, in individual filaments that are in direct association with organelles, and third, in a complex branching and anastomosing configuration. S-1 decoration revealed that the predominant filament species is action. PMID- 7002317 TI - Know thyself: autoreactivity in the immune response. PMID- 7002319 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase during the development of chicken thymus. AB - Antibodies specific for chicken terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were used to develop immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence assays. The cellular distribution and localisation of TdT during the development of chicken thymus were studied. TdT began to appear in the embryonic thymus in the cytoplasm of large cells, between 11 and 12 days of incubation. Thereafter, the proportion of TdT-positive cells increased and TdT was detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The first appearance of TdT positive cells, their increasing proportion and the intracellular localisation of TdT will be discussed in correlation with the developmental stages of the thymus. PMID- 7002320 TI - The cytotoxic effect in delayed-type hypersensitivity on autologous adherent cells (macrophages) of lymph nodes and spleen. PMID- 7002316 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in nerves of the pancreatic islet of the teleost fish, Gillichthys mirabilis. AB - In the teleost fish, Gillichthys mirabilis, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity is present in some nerve fibres of the principal pancreatic islet and surrounding tissues, the vagus and splanchnic nerves, the coeliac ganglion and the wall of the intestine. The nerves of the pancreatic islet that contain VIP-like immunoreactivity probably correspond to one of the two types of non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic (peptidergic) nerve previously described in this fish. Similarities in the localisation of hormonal peptides in fish and mammals suggest that the regulation of gastroenteropancreatic physiology in fish may resemble that of mammals. PMID- 7002321 TI - Lotus tetragonolobus fucolectin as a potential model for "MIF-like" modulation of macrophage function: comparison of the interaction of Lotus fucose binding protein (FBP) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with macrophages in the migration inhibition assay. PMID- 7002323 TI - Visualization of cell-substratum adhesion plaques by antibody exclusion. AB - We report on an antibody exclusion method for detecting cell adhesion plaques. Substrata coated by plasma fibronectin )pFN) appeared uniformly fluorescent when analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence using a specific anti-pFN antibody. When cells that had spread on the substrata were permeabilized and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, areas of non-fluorescence were apparent beneath the cells and in focal streaks along the cell margins. The nonfluorescent focal streaks were coincident with adhesion plaques visualized by interference reflection microscopy. PMID- 7002322 TI - Adjuvant actions of polyclonal lymphocyte activators. III. Two distinct types of T-initiating adjuvant action demonstrated under different experimental conditions. PMID- 7002325 TI - The Tanner mandibular appliance. PMID- 7002324 TI - Evolution of a philosophy. PMID- 7002326 TI - [Morphological changes in the transplanted rat kidney under conditions of minor and major histocompatibility differences between donor and recipient]. AB - Morphological changes in transplanted kidney were studied in 4 groups of rats with different histocompatibility differences between donor and recipient: 1. syngenetic differences, 2. differences in the main histocompatibility system H-1, 3. differences in the H-1 as well as in the subsidiary non-H-1 systems, 4. differences in the non-H-1 systems. -- In all the kidneys transplanted from a newly developed congenetic strain BP.1N to inbred rats of the BN strain (with differences in the non-H-1 systems) rejection developed in 2 to 3 weeks with manifestations of giant-cell interstitial nephritis with gradual destruction and phagocytosis of cortical tubules probably due to the production of antibodies against the basal membranes of tubules. -- In the paralel group with differences in the non-H-1 systems of BP into BN-1B, destroyed after 30 days, there were -- in addition to moderate acute rejection -- hypercellular glomerules with electrodense deposits in the mesangium seen as a manifestation of immuno-complex glomerulonephritis. Analogical glomerular changes without rejection were also fond in a control group of longer surviving syngenetic rats. PMID- 7002327 TI - [Peroperative stimulation of the spinal cord and the EMG response]. PMID- 7002328 TI - [Physiologic values of plasma renin activity in children]. PMID- 7002330 TI - [25 years of the Department of Social Medicine of the Safarik University Medical School in Kosice]. PMID- 7002331 TI - [The role of history and historical methods in social medicine]. PMID- 7002329 TI - [Virologic diagnosis of viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 7002333 TI - [Birthday of Prof. E. Makovicky]. PMID- 7002332 TI - [The importance of medical bibliography in medical research and in the development of health care]. PMID- 7002334 TI - Molecular complexes of quinoline antimalarials with iron-porphyrin components of protease-digested methemoglobin. AB - Chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine and quinacrine have been found by difference spectroscopy to interact with hemozoin from Plasmodium berghei, trypsin and pronase-digested methemoglobin, hemin, heme, protoporphyrin IX and hematoporphyrin. These drugs also compete with one another in their binding to hemin. It is proposed that the iron-porphyrin moiety of digested hemoglobin is a common binding site for the accumulation of the schizontocidal drugs in the autophagosomes of the malarial parasite. PMID- 7002335 TI - [Granulous corneal degeneration (Groenouw type II). Clinical and histological study of a case]. PMID- 7002337 TI - m-AMSA: an exciting new drug in the National Cancer Institute Drug Development Program. AB - m-AMSA is a new drug in the National Cancer Institute Drug Development Program. The drug has moderate but tolerable toxicity and has demonstrated tumor activity in acute leukemia and breast cancer. Numerous phase II studies are completed or in progress and phase III trials will soon begin. We review the preclinical and phase I clinical information on this drug. We then enumerate the present ongoing studies and make some suggestions for future studies that will allow a rapid and orderly assessment of its value. PMID- 7002336 TI - [Sutures of the iris]. PMID- 7002338 TI - The Cambridge glioma trial of misonidazole and radiation therapy with associated pharmacokinetic studies. AB - Fifty-five patients with grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas, were randomized into a three-limb study. Patients in group 1 received 5656 rads in 28 fractions in 5 1/2 weeks (202 rads daily). Group 2 received 4352 rads in 12 unequal fractions in 4 weeks (294 rads each Monday and Wednesday and 500 rads on Fridays). Group 3 received the same radiation as in group 2 but were given 3 g/m2 oral misonidazole 4 hours before the 500-rad fraction, i.e., once a week for 4 weeks. The radiation dosage in each group was equal to 1702 ret. At 9 months after the last treatment there were no differences in survival between the treatment groups. No cases of peripheral neuropathy were seen and the plasma misonidazole t1/2 of 8.6 +/- 0.62 (S.D.) hours were low. Investigations into the possible cause of this are presented. It is thought that microsomal enzyme induction by the anticonvulsants phenobarbitone and phenytoin resulted in increased O-demethylation of the misonidazole. Clinical data to confirm this view are presented. Current MRC protocols of misonidazole studies on gliomas and carcinomas of the cervix and head and neck are summarized. PMID- 7002339 TI - Antigen of Setaria digitata: cross-reaction with surface antigens of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and serum antibodies of W. bancrofti-infected subjects. AB - Extracts of Setaria digitata have been fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex A50 chromatography and the fractions obtained were used in the inhibition of indirect immunofluorescence of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. The fractions were also tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for reactivity against antibodies in the serum of patients with W. bancrofti infections. The results indicate that S. digitata contains several antigenic fractions that show cross-reactivity against filariasis sera; two of these fractions cross-reacted with surface antigens of W. bancrofti microfilariae but, when tested by the ELISA technique, these antigens did not show the highest reactivity against serum antibodies. PMID- 7002340 TI - ELISA in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in man: a technique for reducing cross-reactivity. AB - The cross-reactivity of filarial heteroantigens, the non-availability of adult Wuchereria bancrofti for antigen extraction, and the lack of structural information on purified filarial heteroantigens make the serological diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection in man a difficult problem. The use of immune sera from cattle infected with Setaria digitata when carrying out the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) largely eliminated the cross-reactions with serum antibodies generally seen in subjects showing no evidence of W. bancrofti infection. PMID- 7002341 TI - Aminothiadiazoles. AB - 2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (ATDA) and some of its analogs have antitumor, uricogenic, and teratogenic activity. In general, these effects are reversed by nicotinamide. Although ATDA is not extensively metabolized in animals, a portion is apparently converted to an NAD+ or nucleotide analog that is a potent inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase. Inhibition of this enzyme is probably related to the increased de novo synthesis of uric acid that has been observed in man and in chick embryos. The moderate activity of ATDA against experimental tumors has led to clinical trials in man. PMID- 7002344 TI - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in mediation of adrenal catecholamine secretion in the cat induced by intrarenal beta-adrenergic stimulation. AB - Isoproterenol infusion (0.1 microgram/kg per min) into the renal artery of the cat induced an increase in plasma renin concentration (PRC) from 14.3 +/- 5.7 (mean +/- SE) ng angiotensin I/ml per hr to 56.8 +/- 7.7 after 70 minutes (P < 0.05) and an increase in catecholamine secretion rate from 38.7 +/- 6.0 ng/kg per 10 min to 180.0 +/- 40.0 after 70 minutes (P < 0.001). Intravenous infusion of the same dose of isoproterenol had no significant effect on adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion rate. Isoproterenol induced preferential norepinephrine release: the ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine secretion changed from 11.5:23.7 during the control period to 130.0:40.1 70 minutes after the start of isoproterenol administration. Intrarenal infusion of propranolol (3.0 mg/kg per min) inhibited renal renin release and adrenal catecholamine secretion in response to intrarenal isoproterenol. Intravenous infusion (0.4 microgram/kg per min) of an angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1, Ileu8]angiotensin II abolished the catecholamine response to intrarenal isoproterenol infusion. It is suggested that intrarenal isoproterenol infusion stimulates renal renin release and angiotensin production which, in turn, stimulates a preferential secretion of adrenomedullary norepinephrine. PMID- 7002346 TI - Developmental aspects of the renal response to hypoxemia in the lamb fetus. AB - The effects of fetal hypoxemia on renal hemodynamics and renal function were studied in two groups of chronically catheterized young (< 120 days of gestation) and near-term lamb fetuses (> 130 days). Fetal hypoxemia produced, in both groups, a significantly decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and a significant increase in the filtration fraction. However, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly suggesting that the renal vasoconstriction associated with fetal hypoxemia was more important at the efferent than at the afferent arteriolar level. In the group of near-term fetuses, the decrease in RBF correlated closely with changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) (r = 0.77). No changes in PRA were observed during hypoxemia in the group of young fetuses. After hypoxemia, reactive hyperemia associated with a significant increase in urinary prostaglandin excretion (PGE and PGF2 alpha) was observed in near-term fetuses but not in young fetuses. It also was demonstrated that fetal hypoxemia produced a significant increase in fetal plasma concentrations of vasopressin associated with an antidiuresis in all but one near-term fetus and in 50% of the young fetuses, suggesting that the ability of the fetal kidney to reabsorb free water is more developed in near-term fetuses. Finally, fetal hypoxemia had no effect on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in young fetuses; however, in near-term fetuses, a significant increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate were observed. In summary, it appears that the response of the fetal kidney to hypoxemia depends on the degree of fetal maturation. PMID- 7002345 TI - The effect of diabetes on performance and metabolism of rat hearts. AB - To explore the effects of diabetes on myocardial function and metabolism we injected male rats with streptozotocin and studied their hearts 8 weeks later. Blood sugar levels in the treated rats were about 600 mg/100 ml. Body and heart growth rates were diminished. When studied in an isolated working rat heart apparatus using 5.5 mM glucose, hearts of diabetic animals showed diminished cardiac output and stroke work at high filling pressures. There also were significant depressions in peak left ventricular systolic pressure, peak aortic flow rate, maximum negative dP/dt, myocardial oxygen extraction, myocardial lactate production, and effluent lactate:pyruvate ratios. Myocardial glycogen stores, calculated glycogen utilization, and pyruvate production were increased in hearts of diabetics, and myocardial oxygen consumption was the same as in control hearts. The end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship was shifted to the right in hearts of diabetics. Most of the abnormalities observed in hearts of diabetic rats persisted when insulin and 15 mM glucose were included in the perfusion medium. Hearts from young rats or from age-matched food-restricted rats with heart weights similar to those of diabetics did not show depressed function or a pressure-volume shift. Our findings indicate that streptozotocin diabetes in rats results in abnormal myocardial performance. This is not due to restrictions in coronary flow or myocardial oxygenation and is not correctable by the provision of high glucose plus insulin in the perfusion medium. PMID- 7002343 TI - Some aspects of immunological and cytochemical markers in leukemia. AB - The value of immunological and of cytochemical markers for understanding of pathophysiology and for diagnosis in different subtypes of leukemia is discussed. PMID- 7002342 TI - Adenosine deaminase inhibitors: their role in chemotherapy and immunosuppression. PMID- 7002347 TI - Decreased vascular and increased adrenal and renal sensitivity to angiotensin II in the newborn lamb. AB - The effects of two doses of angiotensin II (0.025 micrograms/kg per min and 0.25 micrograms/kg per min) on plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone concentration, creatinine clearance, and sodium and potassium excretion were studied in two groups of 2- to 3-week-old lambs. The 0.025 micrograms/kg per min dose of angiotensin II also was studied in six adult ewes. In response to the angiotensin II infusions, PRA decreased in the newborns from baselines of 24.5 +/- 2.3 ng/ml per hr (mean +/- SE) and 22.9 +/- 3.5 to 13.6 +/- 0.8 and 13.0 +/- 2.2 at 30 minutes (P < 0.01), respectively, and returned to baseline at 60 minutes; PRA decreased from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 0.95 +/- 0.3 ng/ml per hr at 30 minutes (P < 0.01) in the ewe and returned to baseline at 60 minutes. Plasma aldosterone increased in the newborns from baselines of 17.4 +/- 5.0 ng/dl and 14.7 +/0 3.9 to 33.1 +/- 6.9 and 32.5 +/- 6.3, respectively, at 15 minutes (P < 0.01) and returned to baseline at 60 minutes. Plasma aldosterone increased from 4.3 +/- 0.7 to 9.2 +/- 2.0 ng/dl in the ewe, and returned to baseline at 60 minutes. The change in the PRA and aldosterone responses from baseline to peak for the low and high angiotensin dose was similar in the newborn lambs and greater than in the ewe (P < 0.01). There was no change in the creatinine clearance, plasma sodium, or hematocrit. Urine sodium excretion increased from 0.16 +/- 0.04 total mEq/30 min to 0.87 +/- 0.27 (P < 0.05) in the newborns during the 0.25 micrograms/kg per min angiotensin II infusion. We conclude that, under basal conditions, the newborn lamb has high PRA and aldosterone levels with decreased pressor and increased aldosterone and renin release responsiveness to angiotensin II compared to the adult. PMID- 7002348 TI - Summary of ongoing clinical trials of platelet-active drugs in cardiovascular disease. AB - Design features of 17 ongoing clinical trials testing various platelet-active drug regimens in the primary or secondary prevention of coronary or cerebrovascular disease are summarized. The likelihood of detecting biologically important effects given their presence varies widely among the trial; a few have very modest statistical power; others are more robust. The majority of the trials will conclude follow-up and report results within the next several years. PMID- 7002349 TI - The role of platelets in acute vascular events. AB - Platelets are postulated to have an important role in acute and chronic cardiovascular events. Clinical events may result during the sequence of platelet activation reactions of adhesion, aggregate formation, release of granular constituents, thromboxane A2 formation, microembolization and platelet vascular occlusion. For example, sudden death may occur in patients with increased platelet sensitivity to catecholamine stimulation, platelet aggregate formation and thromboxane A2 generation resulting in ischemic ventricular arrhythmia induced by small-vessel platelet microembolization and local thromboxane A2 vasoconstriction. Whereas angina might be manifest if the microemboli disaggregated and vasospasm were transient, myocardial infarction would follow extensive permanent occlusion of small vessels or localized narrowing by vasospasm and extension of platelet thrombus formation at the site of intimal thickening. Platelets may also have an important role in atherogenesis through the mediation of the platelet-derived growth factor in the proliferative smooth muscle cell intimal lesion. Direct experimental and indirect clinical studies support the concept that platelets are important in cardiovascular events, but the relationship to spasm and to other possibly even more important mechanisms is not clear. Acute myocardial infarction and mural thrombogenesis appear to have the greatest evidence of being platelet-related. PMID- 7002351 TI - Platelet-active drugs in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: an overview. AB - Experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that platelets play an important role in a variety of acute cardiovascular events, as well as in the vascular disease with which they are frequently associated. Hence, there is considerable interest in the use of platelet-active drugs in the prevention of these events. A sound pharmacologic basis for the use of platelet-active agents will require further advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular events and the pharmacology of these drugs. PMID- 7002352 TI - Clinical trials of platelet-active drugs in coronary heart disease: summary of design features. AB - The basic design features of eight clinical trials of platelet-active drugs in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction are reviewed. Study populations are compared with regard to size, time of enrollment after the qualifying infarction and the length of follow-up. Differences in the drug regimens in terms of dose are given and there are comments on the selection of response variables, the withdrawal of patients from analysis and repeated significance testing. PMID- 7002350 TI - Thromboxane A2, prostacyclin and aspirin: effects on vascular tone and platelet aggregation. AB - Novel compounds that induce or inhibit platelet aggregation and constrict or dilate blood vessels were recently discovered. These compounds are all derivatives of arachidonic acid and include prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2 and prostacyclin. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) could be one of the precipitating factors in coronary or cerebrovascular ischemia because it is a potent vasoconstrictor that is produced by platelets during their aggregation. On the other hand, prostacyclin (PGI2) is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation produced by vessel walls whose enhanced production should be beneficial. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and therefore prevents the subsequent production of TxA2, PGI2 and other prostaglandins. It has been suggested but not yet established that low doses of aspirin preferentially inhibit TxA2 biosynthesis. The roles of classic prostaglandins PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in ischemia have not been determined. PMID- 7002353 TI - Aspirin in coronary heart disease. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. AB - The Coronary Drug Project Aspirin Study (CDPA), started in late 1972 and terminated in early 1974, involved men selected from three groups originally receiving dextrothyroxine or estrogen therapy in the Coronary Drug Project. All patients had a history of myocardial infarction, most of them several years earlier. Length of follow-up ranged from 10-28 months (average 22 months). A total of 1529 patients were recruited and were randomly assigned on a double blind basis to aspirin therapy -- one 324-mg tablet three times daily or a corresponding placebo treatment. Data indicate a high level of adherence to the study protocol. No major differences were recorded in use of nonstudy medications in the two treatment groups. Overall mortality was 5.8% in the aspirin group and 8.3% in the placebo group (an observed difference of 30%). This difference, suggestive of a beneficial effect for aspirin in the treatment of post-myocardial infarction men, was not large enough to be conclusive. PMID- 7002354 TI - The Persantine-aspirin reinfarction study. The Persantine-aspirin Reinfarction Study (PARIS) research group. AB - The efficacy and safety of a combination of Persantine and aspirin, of aspirin alone and of a placebo as a regimen for preventing reinfarction were compared in 2026 patients who had recovered from a documented acute myocardial infarction (MI) that had occurred 8 weeks to 5 years previously. Baseline variables were comparable, and almost all surviving patients were treated for 3 years. There was a trend toward improved survival rates both for the combination and single drug compared with placebo. Coronary incidence was significantly lower in the combination group compared with placebo at each 4-month interval during the first 24 months of treatment, whereas significant reductions in the aspirin group occurred only at 8 and 24 months. Gastric and renal side effects were more common in the treated groups. To confirm the above results and the findings that the group of patients enrolled within 6 months of last MI had the largest reduction in mortality in the combination group, another study has been designed to compare the combination with a placebo in a large group of patients. PMID- 7002355 TI - Summary of design features: clinical trials of platelet-active drugs in cerebrovascular disease. AB - Two randomized, double-blind clinical trials in cerebrovascular disease are described. The Controlled trial of Aspirin in Cerebral Ischemia compared aspirin (650 mg twice daily) with placebo in medically and surgically treated groups of patients who had experienced transient ischemic attacks. The Randomized Trial of Aspirin and Sulfinpyrazone in Threatened Stroke compared aspirin (325 mg four times daily), sulfinpyrazone (200 mg four times daily) and aspirin plus sulfinpyrazone with placebo in patients with transient cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7002357 TI - A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in patients with threatened stroke. Results and methodologic issues. AB - In the Canadian Cooperative Study of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in patients with threatened stroke, there was no demonstrable benefit of sulfinpyrazone but there was a significant overall risk reduction in stroke or death of 31% with aspirin (p less than 0.05). This benefit of aspirin was restricted to males, in whom the risk reduction in stroke or death was 48% (p less than 0.005). As with a large scale clinical trials, questions have been raised about the methodology of the study, including the type of patient included, the choice of outcome measures, the factorial design and the analysis of subgroups. In this report, the design and principal results of the study are summarized and the above methodologic concerns are discussed. PMID- 7002356 TI - Controlled trial of aspirin in cerebral ischemia. AB - The findings from a double-blind multicenter clinical trial of aspirin for treatment of cerebral ischemia are reviewed. Of 303 patients who had carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 125 were selected for carotid reconstructive surgery and were then randomly assigned treatment with aspirin or placebo. The remaining 178 patients were also randomly assigned to an aspirin or placebo regimen. Analysis of the first 6 months of follow-up showed a differential in favor of aspirin when death, nonfatal cerebral or retinal infarction and the occurrence of TIAs were grouped and considered together as end points. Restriction of end points to death or nonfatal cerebral or retinal infarction yielded no statistically significant differential between the aspirin and placebo groups. After these results were published, a study group from Canada reported that aspirin was effective in preventing threatened stroke, but that this effect was limited to males. Review of our nonsurgical group with respect to sex shows findings consistent with those of the Canadian study for the end points of stroke or death. Inclusion of the occurrence of TIAs in the group of end points, however, revealed that aspirin is effective in females as well as males. PMID- 7002358 TI - The lungs as receptor sites for cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 7002359 TI - Hormonal adaptation to the stresses imposed upon sodium balance by pregnancy and lactation in the Yanomama Indians, a culture without salt. AB - The Yanomama Indians of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela have been identified as a "no-salt" culture. In this study, data were obtained to determine in this population the adjustments of sodium-related hormones to the stresses imposed upon sodium balance by pregnancy and prolonged lactation. Controls against the possibility that findings in the Yanomama were ethnic rather than dietary were provided by similar observations in the Guaymi Indians of Panama, who have free access to salt. Urinary concentrations of sodium were approximately 1 mEq/l in male and female Yanomama, with 24-hour excretion rates in the males averaging 1 mEq, similar to our prior observation. The pregnant Yanomama had exceeding high urinary concentrations of aldosterone. These were associated with higher plasma renin activities and serum aldosterone concentrations than in all other subjects. Although pregnant Guaymi had elevations of serum and urinary aldosterone, these were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of the Yanomama. Prolonged lactation in the Yanomama was associated with elevation of plasma renin activity and serum and urinary aldosterone concentration compared with the Guaymi, but were not higher than those in nonlactating Yanomama females. The findings suggest that pregnancy in a salt-poor environment is associated with an exaggerated augmentation of hormonal responses that enhance positive sodium balance. PMID- 7002360 TI - Hormonal and hemodynamic profile of an anaphylactic reaction in man. AB - A 28-year-old female undergoing elective total hip replacement experienced an anaphylactic reaction to succinylcholine. Hemodynamics, plasma histamine and catecholamines were measured. The tachycardia experienced during the reaction appeared to be secondary to the sympathoadrenal response rather than a direct chronotropic effect of histamine. PMID- 7002361 TI - Water hardness and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7002362 TI - Noise, radio frequency radiation and the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7002363 TI - Demonstration of lateral and epicardial border zone salvage by flurbiprofen using an in vivo method for assessing myocardium at risk. AB - The purposes of this investigation were (1) to develop an in vivo method of determining the myocardium at risk after experimental coronary occlusion; (2) to define the spatial geometry of the salvageable ischemic border zone; an (3) to assess the ability of flurbiprofen, an antiinflammatory agent, to protect ischemic myocardium from necrosis. Twenty-two open-chest dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and were randomized to treated (flurbiprofen 1 mg/kg i.v. at 30 minutes and 4 hours after occlusion; n = 11) or control (saline; n = 11) groups. Six hours after occlusion, methylene blue, 3 ml/lg, was injected into the left atrium, and immediately thereafter the hearts were removed and sliced transversely. Areas not perfused by methylene blue (area at risk [Ar]) were traced, planimetered, and compared to the area of necrosis (An) after incubation in triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The Ar for the two groups were similar (control 28.2 +/- 2.6%; treated 25.2 +/- 2.3% of total left ventricle; NS). In control dogs, An/Ar was 96.2 +/- 0.7%, with similar values for the epicardium and endocardium. In treated dogs, An/Ar was 66.9 +/- 8.9% (p < 0.001), with greater epicardial than endocardial salvage. Topographic superimposition of the An on the Ar showed that salvage occurred both on the epicardial and lateral aspects of the infarct. We conclude that (1) the in vivo methylene blue method of assessing myocardium at risk is useful in standardizing experimental infarct size; (2) flurbiprofen, administered 30 minutes and 4 hours after occlusion, is a potent agent for reducing infarct size; and (3) salvage of myocardium occurs both at the lateral and epicardial borders of the infarct in dogs treated with flurbiprofen. PMID- 7002364 TI - Prick testing for Aspergillus. PMID- 7002365 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of estriol in pregnancy urine. AB - We describe an enzyme immunoassay for determination of total estriol in urine. Estriol covalently bound to horseradish peroxidase is used as tracer, and free and bound hormone are separated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. The method can be used with either acid hydrolysis at 100 degrees C for 30 min or enzyme hydrolysis at 50 degrees C for 40 min; results by the former procedure are about 15% lower than results by the latter. Results were practically identical when we compared the enzyme immunoassay with a radioimmunoassay, using the same antiserum and method of hydrolysis. The day-to-day CV for three different concentrations was 10.7-12.0%, the within-series CV 6.6-8.6%. The additional time required for the enzyme reaction is compensated for by the rapid measurement of light absorbance. Thus this method is faster than radioimmunoassay when more than 25 samples are to be assayed. PMID- 7002366 TI - Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay, radioassay, and radioimmunoassay of serum methotrexate, as compared with liquid chromatography. AB - We evaluated three commonly used clinical methods for measuring serum methotrexate: enzyme immunoassay (EMIT), radioassay, and radioimmunoassay. Because potentially interfering compounds can be resolved by liquid chromatography, this method was selected as the comparison method. Patients' serum samples, taken during 24 h after 6-h high-dose infusions, contained methotrexate in concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/L. Chromatograms revealed substantial amounts of 7-hydroxymethotrexate in all samples, actually exceeding methotrexate by 12 and 24 h. Nevertheless, analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in results by any of the four methods, nor did results by the three test methods differ significantly after being adjusted by analysis of covariance with liquid chromatography as the covariate. Evidently any of the four techniques is suitable for monitoring serum methotrexate for 24 h after high-dose therapy. PMID- 7002367 TI - Apparent normal leukocyte acid maltase activity in glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease). AB - We present a case of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease) with the classical clinical presentation and characteristic electrocardiographic changes of this disorder. An acid maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) determination in the peripheral leukocytes revealed normal activity; however, acid maltase activity was completely absent in a pre-mortem skeletal muscle biopsy. Post-mortem studies showed acid maltase activity to be absent in all tissues examined, including cultured skin fibroblasts. Massive glycogen deposition corresponded to the localization of the enzymic deficiency, except in the brain, where glycogen content was within the normal range. The acid maltase activity in mixed peripheral leukocytes was due to an isoenzyme of acid maltase in the granulocyte series. Antenatal diagnosis was accurate in a subsequent pregnancy, but discordance between enzyme activity in different cell lines in an individual with a genetic disease is a conceivable source of error in both prenatal and postnatal diagnoses. PMID- 7002369 TI - Effects of di-isopropylfluorophosphate and isopropanol on the measurement of plasma renin activity. AB - Since the protease inhibitor, di-isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), inhibits the cryoactivation of inactive renin, its addition to stored plasma should prevent unintended renin activation and thereby minimize this source of inaccuracy in the assay of plasma renin activity. However, we have found that 6 mmol/l DFP in stored frozen plasma actually reduced plasma renin activity from 4.89 +/- 0.13 (S.D.) to 2.48 +/- 0.17 ng . ml-1 . h-1 (p < 0.001). This effect did not occur if DFP was added immediately before assay, suggesting that the decreased renin activity reflected an action of DFP on components of the renin system during storage rather than any interference with the assay method itself. The organic solvent isopropanol, which is required to dilute the DFP, appeared responsible for this phenomenon, for when the isopropanol alone, in concentrations of 20 and 40 microliter/ml, was added to stored frozen plasma it decreased plasma renin activity from 3.6 +/- 0.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng . ml-1 . h-1, respectively (p < 0.001 in each case). Correspondingly, plasma renin substrate concentrations were decreased to 71% and 6% of control, indicating that the renin activity reductions produced by isopropanol were due to its denaturation of substrate. Moreover, addition of exogenous sheep renin substrate (1400 ng/ml) immediately before assay restored plasma renin activity to control. Thus, although DFP effectively prevents inadvertent renin activation in stored frozen plasma, it would seem important that subsequent assays for plasma renin activity be performed in the presence of added exogenous substrate. PMID- 7002368 TI - Isotope dilution analysis of methylcitric acid in amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of propionic and methylmalonic acidemia. AB - A stable isotope dilution assay for methylcitric acid in amniotic fluid was developed to provide rapid prenatal diagnosis of the inherited disorders propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidemia. The method utilizes two 2H3 labeled diastereoisomers of methylcitric acid as internal standards, isolation by liquid partition chromatography and quantitation of the trimethyl esters by chemical ionization selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methylcitric acid at a concentration of 0.38 +/- 0.10 mumol/l was detected in normal amniotic fluid. Highly elevated levels of 7.87 and 9.16 mumol were found in the fluids surrounding fetuses affected with propionic acidemia and levels of 1.79, 2.72 and 12.27 mumol were found for fetuses with methylmalonic acidemia. Methylcitric acid was not elevated in the amniotic fluid of a fetus heterozygous for propionic acidemia. In the five pregnancies at risk for propionic acidemia, and three pregnancies at risk for methylmalonic acidemia, the levels of methylcitric acid in amniotic fluid gave the diagnosis in all cases. Measurement of methylcitric acid in amniotic fluid therefore provides a rapid and reliable method for the prenatal diagnosis of these genetic disorders. PMID- 7002370 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for insulin with a novel separation method using activated thiol-Sepharose. PMID- 7002371 TI - The prolactin response to metoclopramide in growth hormone deficient adolescent males. AB - The growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) responses following administration of 10 mg i.v. metoclopramide (MCP) ('Maxolon'--Beecham Pharmaceuticals) have been examined in thirty adolescent males with short stature and delayed puberty, either of whom have isolated growth hormone deficiency. The results demonstrate that peak GH and PRL levels following stimulation were highly significantly correlated when all subjects were analysed together (r = 0.61, P < 0.001) but when the responses of the GH deficient and non-deficient groups of subjects were analysed separately no significant correlation was obtained (P > 0.1), this reflected the fact that the PRL response to MCP was significantly lower in the GH deficient group (P < 0.0002). In addition two boys who demonstrated biochemical GH deficiency prior to puberty only, showed PRL responses similar to boys with normal GH reserves. The results suggest that the PRL response to MCP may be of value in the assessment of stimulation tests of GH reserve, as well as in the selection of patients for treatment with GH. PMID- 7002372 TI - Plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II and potassium chloride infusions in hypopituitary patients. AB - The acute adrenal response to potassium chloride and angiotensin II (A II) infusions was studied in hypopituitary patients and compared with normal subjects. The peripheral plasma levels of aldosterone (PAC), cortisol (F), potassium (K), and plasma renin activity (PRA), were measured at 09.00 h and after 60 and 120 min of infusion. All subjects were recumbent ad under balance conditions, receiving a daily dietary intake of 180 mmol of sodium and 80 mmol of potassium. Basal PAC in hypopituitary patients was not significantly different from that observed in the control group. Both normal and hypopituitary patients respond to A II infusion with significant increments. Under potassium chloride stimulus the PAC response in hypopituitary patients was only observed when cortisol (20 mg) was given 2 h prior to the infusion. When cortisol replacement was omitted the response KCl was not detected. These results suggest a permissive role of cortisol on glomerulosa response to potassium. PMID- 7002373 TI - Hyperinsulinaemia in hyperprolactinaemic women. AB - The metabolic sequelae of hyperprolactinaemia were studied over a 12 h period of normal meals and activity in nine young females hyperprolactinaemic subjects and fourteen matched controls. In the patients, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were normal, as was the blood glucose response to meals; the insulin rise with meals was, however, exaggerated and hyperinsulinaemia persisted throughout the day (mean +/- SEM 12 h serum insulin, 26 +/- 8 vs. 16 +/ 9 mu/l, P < 0.01). Blood lactate, pyruvate and alanine response to meals was also increased. Blood glycerol (mean 12 h blood glycerol 0.06 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and blood 3-hydroxybutyrate (mean 12 h blood 3 hydroxybutyrate 0.03 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.05) concentrations were lower in hyperprolactinaemic subjects. There was a strong negative correlation between mean insulin and mean 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in the afternoon period (rs = -0.92, P < 0.01). Excess circulating prolactin in young female is associated with normoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. The changes in blood metabolite levels observed are probably secondary to the increased insulin concentrations. PMID- 7002374 TI - Effects of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray on subjective and objective findings in perennial allergic rhinitis. AB - It was the aim of this trial to study the effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on symptoms and signs of perennial allergic rhinitis in Japanese patients. In a multicenter trial 183 patients, children and adults, were treated with placebo or with 400 microgram beclomethasone dipropionate a day for 2 weeks. The active treatment had an effect on all nasal symptoms: sneezing, nose blowing, and blockage being reduced to 34%, 44% and 63% (P < 0.01) of the values in the placebo group. A considerable carry-over effect was found, suggesting a group comparative design to be preferable for a cross over trial for the study of intranasal steroids. The beclomethasone dipropionate therapy had a significant inhibitory effect on the immediate response to nasal allergen provocation. The number of secretion eosinophils was reduced during treatment, and the appearance of the mucous membrane tended to normalize. Local side effects were few and insignificant. It is concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate is a valuable drug for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7002376 TI - Surgical vocal rehabilitation following total laryngectomy: a state-of-the-art report. PMID- 7002377 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked diseases. PMID- 7002375 TI - Adenoidectomy for middle ear disorders: a randomized controlled trial. AB - Repeated tympanometric screening of a regionally defined population of 3-year-old children defined a group of 42 children with middle ear disease which had persisted for at least 6 months. These children were treated by either myringotomy with adenoidectomy or myringotomy without adenoidectomy decided by random allocation. Postoperative observation during 6 months failed to disclose any difference in middle ear status between the two groups. PMID- 7002378 TI - Prior abortions and neural tube defects. AB - Out of a series of 219 women who had had a child with anencephaly or spina bifida (ASB) in the Manchester area, there were 69 where this ASB pregnancy had been both preceded and succeeded by at least one other pregnancy. There was a significant excess of spontaneous abortions when the preceding pregnancy was compared with the succeeding pregnancy. Half of these abortions were followed by curettage of the uterus, a fact which is a little against the trophoblastic rest hypothesis. PMID- 7002379 TI - DNA repair in human diseases. PMID- 7002380 TI - A study of benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood and comparison with dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid occurring in childhood. PMID- 7002382 TI - A guide to skin biopsies and excisions. PMID- 7002381 TI - A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of 0.5% chlorhexidine (Hibistat) and 70% isopropyl alcohol on hands contaminated with Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7002383 TI - The browntail moth, its caterpillar and their rash. PMID- 7002384 TI - Evaluating treatment of photosensitivity. PMID- 7002385 TI - An immunohistological study of human lymphoma. AB - In this study the problems encountered in staining immunoglobulin (Ig) in sections of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma samples have been investigated. It was found that the "masking' of cytoplasmic Ig, which occurs when tissues are fixed in formol saline (the fixative employed in most previous studies), can be avoided by the use of mercury-based fixatives. When non-Hodgkin's lymphoma samples fixed in this way were studied it was found that cytoplasmic Ig labelling of both lymphoid and histiocytic cells is often attributable to non-specific uptake of serum proteins. This phenomenon probably accounts for a number of published anomalous immunoperoxidase staining results in human lymphoma (e.g. the presence of both kappa and lambda chains in the same neoplastic cell). Double immunoenzymatic labelling (using alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase) proved valuable in the elucidation of this phenomenon. When staining due to absorbed Ig was discounted it was possible to demonstrate monoclonal Ig labelling in seven out of sixteen cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each case IgM was found in association with a single light chain type and these results were in agreement with those obtained by direct immunofluorescent labelling of cryostat sections. In a further case u chains without associated light chains were demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining. Seven cases of Hodgkin's disease were studied by immunoenzymatic techniques. Although IgG was frequently found in Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells its presence was not attributable to non-specific uptake of serum protein since albumin was absent or only present in small amounts. These findings are in support of the macrophage origin of these cells. PMID- 7002386 TI - Immunological studies of human placentae: complement components in immature and mature chorionic villi. AB - The localization and distribution of complement components in term and pre-term normal human placentae have been studied by using haemadsorption and immunofluorescence experiments. The components Clq, C4, C5, C6 and C9 were identified in characteristic locations. Receptors for C3 and C4 were not found. Complement was associated with certain stromal cells, areas of fibrinoid necrosis within the trophoblastic mantle, and in the walls and endothelia of foetal stem vessels. Activation of the complement system on trophoblastic basement membranes (TBM) did not appear to involve the early reacting components of the classical pathway of complement activation, because C1q, C4 and C2 could not be identified on TBM. The C6 component was identified within cytoplasmic granules of foetal stem vessel endothelia, suggesting that it may be synthesized by these cells. These findings put forward the possibility that complement may play an immunobiological role in the materno-foetal relationship during normal human pregnancy. PMID- 7002389 TI - Functional absence of a B cell subpopulation in ageing New Zealand mice. AB - As has been found for spleen cells from ageing NZB x NZW (B/W) mice, ageing NZB mice were also found to make no antibody when stimulated in vitro with the polyclonal B cell activators (PBA) LPS and PPD. This immune defect was not due to the action of suppressor cells, since old NZB and B/W spleen cells did not suppress the PBA response of young spleen cells. Spleen cells from aged NZB mice were not able to generate antibody-forming cells when stimulated with the thymus independent antigen, TNP-LPS, but were able to produce antibody in response to another thymus-independent antigen, TNP-AECM-Ficoll, thereby implying that there is a selective functional deletion of a B cell subpopulation in ageing New Zealand mice. The failure of B/W and NZB spleen cells to generate antibody in response to PBA is interpreted as a consequence of a continuing in vivo polyclonal B cell activation accompanying the development of autoimmune disease, leading to a scarcity of B cells available for activation by PBA and by some thymus-independent antigens in vitro. PMID- 7002388 TI - Relationship between HLA-D and in vitro and in vivo responsiveness to Candida allergen. AB - In vitro reaction to Candida allergen was studied in 100 normal healthy Japanese and related to HLA. A significant association was found between the low responder group (< 7,000 c.p.m.) and HLA-B15 and the high responder group (> 7,000 c.p.m.) and HLA-B7, as well as Dwl. Four HLA-D homozygote cells of types HLA-Dwl and DHO, were tested; these fitted in the high responder group. HLA-DYT and DEn fitted into the low responder group. Responsiveness to Candida allergen corresponded to skin test (r = 0.884, P < 0.01). From these results, in vitro lymphocyte reaction to Candida allergen and skin tests showed close correlation and an association with HLA antigens, HLA-D in particular. PMID- 7002387 TI - An in vitro assessment of cellular and humoral immune function in pulmonary tuberculosis: correction of defective neutrophil motility by ascorbate, levamisole, metoprolol and propranolol. AB - Fifty-six tuberculosis patients and twenty-eight control subjects were evaluated in a comprehensive investigation of cellular and humoral immune function in pulmonary TB. The patient group showed significantly higher levels of secretory IgA and serum IgG, IgA and IgM than did the control group but 7% of patients displayed a selective secretory IgA deficiency. Levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin were also significantly higher in the patient group. There were no significant differences in levels of total haemolytic complement, C'3 and C'4. In moderate to moderately advanced TB patients there were no significant differences in T and B cell numbers nor in mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation and lymphokine production, when compared with the control group. The range of PPD-induced lymphocyte transformation and lymphokine production levels encountered was similar in both groups although certain patients did not respond to the PPD antigen. Neutrophils from TB patients showed increased random motility in vitro but eight out of ten patients showed impaired directed motility (chemotaxis). Phagocytic and anti-microbial functions were normal in the patient group. The neutrophil chemotactic defect was reversible and could be corrected in vitro when the patients' cells were treated with sodium and calcium ascorbate, levamisole, metoprolol and propranolol. PMID- 7002393 TI - Direct antiglobulin reactions in Gambian children with P. falciparum malaria. III. Expression of IgG subclass determinants and genetic markers and association with anaemia. AB - The IgG subclass and Gm allotype distribution of red cell-bound IgG molecules from Gambian children with past or present falciparum malaria has been determined. The results show that the antibody is polyclonal with some predominance of the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses. A restriction towards IgG2 antibodies may indicate specificity for a schizont-derived antigen which is carbohydrate in nature. Not all the allotypes normally carried by the G3m(b) allele could be demonstrated on IgG3-sensitized cells, a finding which remains unexplained. Expression of G3m(10), (11) and (14) allotypes of the IgG3 molecule was noted. Sensitization of red cells with IgG1 molecules correlated with the presence of anaemia but red cells sensitized with IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 usually came from children with haematological findings within the normal range for that population. The implications of the results are discussed with reference to the few reports on the subclass and Gm allotype of malaria-specific IgG. PMID- 7002390 TI - Autoantibodies to duodenal gastric-inhibitory-peptide (GIP) cells and to secretin (S) cells in patients with coeliac disease, tropical sprue and maturity-onset diabetes. AB - The presence of autoantibodies detected by immunofluorescence to single endocrine cells, of human duodenum is described in three groups of patients and two control groups. Of 173 coeliac cases, four had GIP cell antibodies, one had secretin cell antibodies and twenty-one reacted with both cell types. Of twelve tropical sprue sera, four reacted with the same two cells. Among fifty elderly diabetics treated with hypoglycaemic drugs, seven sera gave a positive cytoplasmic IFL on duodenal substrate. Four were identified as GIP cells by use of the appropriate hormone antiserum and three reactions were against cells distinct from those stained by anti-GIP, -secretin, -somatostatin, -glucagon and -gastrin. Additional gut hormone antisera will have to be tested to identify these APUD cells. Thirty blood donors and seventy-three sera from autoimmune endocrine patients gave entirely negative results on unfixed cryostat sections of duodenal mucosa. Although impaired GIP and secretin responses have been reported in coeliac disease, and abnormal GIP values were found in Type II diabetes, there is as yet no data to correlate these metabolic dificiencies with the presence of endocrine cell antibodies in the serum. These studies are in progress. PMID- 7002394 TI - Passive Heymann's nephritis as a model of immune glomerulonephritis mediated by antibodies to immunoglobulins. AB - The autologous phase of passive Heymann's nephritis (PHN) induced in rats by a single injection of rabbit IgG anti-FxlA has been investigated. Tolerance to normal rabbit IgG prior to induction of PHN abolished or strongly diminished the glomerular deposition of the host's IgG during the early autologous phase and prevented the development of proteinuria. Neonatal thymectomy significantly decreased the anti-rabbit IgG response but did not prevent the development and the progression of glomerulopathy. Passive transfer of rat or sheep anti-rabbit IgG hyperimmune serum during the heterologous phase resulted in an earlier accumulation of the injected IgG along the glomerular capillary walls (GCW). These results demonstrate the importance of the host's humoral immune response to the injected rabbit IgG anti-FxlA antibody in the progression and in the maintenance of glomerular immune lesions. PMID- 7002391 TI - Characterization of antisera against bovine prolactin for in vivo studies on prolactin function in the rat. AB - The IgG fraction of rabbit antisera to bovine prolactin (PRL), intended for in vivo studies on the role of PRL in the rat, was prepared and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The antibodies showed a strong reaction with bovine PRL in double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and passive haemagglutination using bovine PRL-coated erythrocytes. In indirect immunofluorescence on paraffin sections of bovine pituitary glands the antibodies could be used for the detection of PRL-producing cells. Cross-reaction with rat PRL was observed in passive haemagglutination with rat PRL-coated erythrocytes and in indirect immunofluorescence on rat pituitary gland, but not in any of the other test systems. The ability of the antibodies to neutralize homologous, i.e. bovine, PRL was tested in lactating rats depleted of endogenous PRL by bromergocriptin treatment. The impaired lactation performance of such animals can be restored by substitution with bovine PRL. If the bovine PRL used for substitution was complexed with anti-bovine PRL-IgG, it lost its biological activity. On the other hand, injections of even high amounts of the antibodies into lactating rats failed to reveal any effect on lactation. It is concluded that either the antibodies do not cross-react with circulating rat PRL in contrast to pituitary PRL (preprolactin?) or that the cross-reacting antibody populations(s) lack(s) the ability to neutralize the biological function of rat PRL. PMID- 7002392 TI - Autoantibody to ribosomes and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sera from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tested by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen tissue sections, gave granular cytoplasmic staining of hepatocytes, gastric chief cells, exocrine cells of the pancreas and submandibular glands, and cerebellar Purkinje cells. In acetone-fixed monolayers of rat embryonic fibroblasts, 3T3 cells, mouse neuroblastoma cells, and cells from a human melanoma and colon carcinoma cell line, the sera stained perinuclear cytoplasmic granules which radiated out towards the cell periphery. More mature and differentiated fibroblasts from rat of human foetal lung showed staining of reticular cytoplasmic structures corresponding to phase-dense rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Nucleoli were prominently stained in all cultured cells. Serum absorption with ribosomes inhibited all antibody activity but absorption with RNA or with RNase-treated ribosomes resulted only in partial inhibition. Monolayers of RNase-treated fibroblasts gave weaker staining reactions compared to control untreated cultures. These observations suggest that the autoantibody is directed against ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein present in cytoplasmic polyribosomes, in RER and in nucleoli. PMID- 7002395 TI - Gastric parietal cell antibodies: demonstration by immunofluorescence of their reactivity with surface of the gastric parietal cells. AB - Viable, intact gastric cells were obtained by pronase digestion of inverted rat stomach. The cell suspensions contained two main distinct cell population, i.e. 'large' cells (mean diameter 16 microns) and 'small' cells (mean diameter 8.5 microns). By indirect immunofluorescence on smears of dispersed rat gastric cells, the large cells were identified as parietal cells, since all the sera containing parietal cell antibodies (PCA) were seen to react with the cytoplasm of these cells, leaving the cytoplasm of the small cells completely unstained. Thirty-one PCA-positive sera and forty-one PCA-negative sera were tested for gastric cell surface-reactive antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence technique on suspensions of viable gastric cells. All the PCA-containing sera yielded a membrane immunofluorescence confined to the large cells, while none of the PCA-negative sera induced this fluorescent pattern. The surface reaction persisted unmodified when F(ab')2 fragments processed from IgG PCA-positive sera and FITC-conjugated pepsin fragments of rabbit IgG directed against the F(ab')2 fragments of human IgG were employed for the membrane fluorescence studies. The absorption of PCA-positive sera with viable, intact gastric cells led to the disappearance of both the surface immunofluorescence of the viable large cells and the cytoplasmic fluorescence of the rat parietal cells. These results demonstrate that PCA invariably react with an antigen represented on the surface of parietal cells, and that this antigen is immunologically identical to the intracytoplasmic 'microsomal' antigen. PMID- 7002396 TI - The suppressive effect of M. leprae on the in vitro proliferative responses of lymphocytes from patients with leprosy. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from sixty leprosy patients and eight healthy contacts known to be responsive to M. leprae, were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A (Con A) or PPD alone or in combination with autoclaved, whole M. leprae. Time kinetics and the percentage of inhibition induced by M. leprae differed in the two disease groups and contacts. Antigen-generated suppression of Con A-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was observed on day 4 in seventeen of twenty-one (80%) tuberculoid patients and six of seventeen (35.3%) untreated lepromatous patients. Healthy contacts and 53% lepromatous individuals showed enhanced Con A responses in the presence of antigen. On prolongation of antigen presence to 6 days, a marginal effect was noted in the tuberculoid group. In contrast, all healthy individuals and some lepromatous patients showed increased inhibition of Con A responses. M. leprae antigens showed uniform inhibition of PPD-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation in leprosy patients and healthy contacts. PMID- 7002397 TI - Specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human malaria. AB - A micromethod for the study of specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in human malaria is described, using cultured, asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites as viable target cells. Lymphocytes from children with acute malaria, uninfected immune adult Gambians and adult Gambians infected with P. falciparum were capable of killing P. falciparum in vitro in the presence of malaria antibody. A parasite growth-promoting factor, produced by lymphocytes in non-immune serum and at a lymphocyte--parasite ratio of 10:1, in immune serum, was found to produce three-fold increases in growth of P. falciparum. The mechanisms by which ADCC may occur are also discussed. PMID- 7002398 TI - Specific IgM and IgG antibodies in IgA deficiency. AB - Evidence of an abnormality of IgM- and IgG-specific antibody responses was sought in subjects with selective IgA deficiency. Twenty-four patients having a serum IgA level less than 0 . 37 g/l were detected by local-population screening. Total IgM and IgG levels were measured as well as specific antibody to the lipopolysaccharides of six 0 serotypes of E. coli which are frequently isolated from human faeces. Serum IgM-class E. coli antibodies were significantly lower in IgA-deficient patients than in age- and sex-matched controls. The respective IgG class antibody was generally elevated although more variation existed in this class. There was no correlation of specific antibody in either class with the degree of IgA deficiency. Possible explanations for these patterns of antibody response are discussed. It is concluded that some subjects with 'selective IgA deficiency' may be deficient in specific IgM antibody responses to certain antigens. PMID- 7002399 TI - The presence of HLA-DR antigens on lactating human breast epithelium and milk fat globule membranes. AB - HLA-DR antigens have been demonstrated on the secretory epithelia of lactating breast using rabbit anti-p28,33 ('Ia-like') and mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR 'framework'. Normal non-lactating breast, benign or malignant tumours, epithelial cells from normal breast or isolated from milk and a presumptive breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) were all HLA-DR-negative. HLA-DR, HLA (ABC 'framework') and beta 2-microglobulin determinants were also demonstrated on the surface of milk fat globules (MFG) which were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies to thymus cells or leucocytes. A monoclonal antibody detecting allelic HLA-DR determinants (HLA-DRw 1,2,6) was positive on 40% of MFG samples tested, positive reactions being concordant, when tested, with blood B lymphocytes. Antisera raised against MFG membranes also contain anti-HLA-DR activity. Whether the breast epithelial cells synthesize HLA-DR molecules or acquire these passively from mononuclear cells which infiltrate during lactation is not yet resolved. PMID- 7002400 TI - Identification of mononuclear cells in human blood. I. Qualitative and quantitative data on surface markers after formaldehyde fixation of the cells. AB - The technical details of a fixation procedure with formaldehyde which was applied in a direct membrane immunofluorescence technique to mononuclear cells from normal human blood are described. After separation of the cells with Ficoll- Isopaque according to Boyum (1963) they were washed and fixed with 0 . 04% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min and washed again. This cell suspension can be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 24 hr and the slides prepared from them at -20 degrees C for at least some months. In practice, this fixation procedure not only appeared to be effective in the preservation of cells but also showed a number of additional advantages, such as the short handling period, including the fixation procedure and the avoidance of loss of cells. Moreover, true B lymphocytes, as defined by the synthesis of immunoglobulins and the incorporation of these molecules into their cell membrane, are recognized convincingly. PMID- 7002401 TI - Identification of mononuclear cells in human blood. II. Evaluation of morphological and immunological aspects of native and formaldehyde-fixed cell populations. AB - The presence of surface-associated immunoglobulins and Fc receptors on mononuclear cells from normal human blood was investigated by the direct immunofluorescence technique combined with phase-contrast microscopy. Formaldehyde-fixed cells were compared to unfixed cells and to cells preincubated at 37 degrees C. In the unfixed samples a separate population which showed Fc receptors in an immunofluorescence technique using a labelled antigen--antibody complex was detected. This cell population showed an atypical, i.e. not clearly membrane-associated, pattern of fluorescence with anti-Fab conjugates. This interaction most probably is due to autologous IgG molecules taken up by these cells from the donor serum. Using phase-contrast microscopy, these cells were morphologically distinct from lymphocytes and mature monocytes. They will be referred to as 'undefined mononuclear cells' (UMC). After formaldehyde fixation or preincubation at 37 degrees C the interaction of the UMC with anti-Fab conjugates could no longer be demonstrated. Mature monocytes show the same atypical fluorescence pattern with anti-Fab conjugates, but in contrast to the UMC the interaction persists after formaldehyde fixation or preincubation at 37 degrees C. No evidence was found for passive uptake of labelled IgG from conjugates by any mononuclear cell F(ab')2 fragments of IgG from antisera gave results similar to those obtained with intact IgG fractions. The morphology of the different cell subpopulations is described and their relative numbers in normal blood are given. Formaldehyde fixation proved to be a simple and useful procedure, especially for the determination of the number of B lymphocytes, because the Fc receptor of the undefined mononuclear cell does not give rise to confusion. PMID- 7002404 TI - Sympathetic nervous system activity during sodium restriction in essential hypertension. AB - Sympathetic nervous system activity was studied in 38 patients with essential hypertension during high- and low-sodium diets. Salt restriction was associated with a modest (6 mmHg) decline in mean arterial pressure, while the urinary excretion of catecholamines, metanephrines, and vanillylmandelic acid increased significantly. Plasma renin activity also increased. It is concluded that short term low-sodium diet therapy for essential hypertension results in only small decrements in mean arterial pressure and may be limited in hypotensive effect by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Support is offered for the rationale of sympatholytic drug therapy as an initial step in the management of hypertensive patients requiring arterial pressure reductions greater than those afforded by diet alone. PMID- 7002402 TI - Cellular immune defect in selective IgA deficiency using a microculture method for PHA stimulation and limiting dilution. PMID- 7002403 TI - Stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by procaryotic ribosomal proteins isolated from bacterium E. coli. PMID- 7002405 TI - The role of posterior bone grafts (muscle-pedicle) in femoral neck fractures. AB - Mastering the muscle-pedicle technique and adhering to the principles of accurate reduction, impaction of the fracture fragments, and secure fixation should result in significant improvement in the rate of osseous union and marked reduction in late segmental collapse after treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures. PMID- 7002406 TI - The classic. The unsolved fracture: Kellogg Speed, M. D., F. A. C. S. PMID- 7002407 TI - Another cause of the hepatic "hot spot": isolated innominate vein obstruction. PMID- 7002408 TI - Education in sexuality in the medical curriculum. PMID- 7002409 TI - The physiology of sexual function in women. PMID- 7002411 TI - The clinical management of sexual dysfunction. PMID- 7002410 TI - Endocrinology of sexual function. PMID- 7002412 TI - The range of sexual variations. PMID- 7002413 TI - Homosexuality in gynaecological practice. PMID- 7002414 TI - Sexual function in illness. PMID- 7002415 TI - Sexual function in the elderly. PMID- 7002416 TI - The use of aids in the management of disorders of sexual function. PMID- 7002418 TI - Hepatic disease and drug pharmacokinetics. AB - Recent clinical investigations and reports of theoretical models have provided considerable insight into mechanisms of hepatic drug elimination and into derangements that may occur in drug absorption and disposition in patients with hepatic disease. Carefully conducted and well controlled clinical studies have demonstrated that hepatic disease may alter substantially one or more pharmacokinetic parameters of drug absorption and disposition. Physiological models of hepatic drug elimination have emphasised the importance of physiological variables such as hepatic blood flow, protein binding and intrinsic clearance of the liver on hepatic drug elimination. Both clinical investigations and theoretical considerations have indicated that the influence of hepatic disease on the pharmacokinetics of a drug may be complex and may result in either unchanged, retarded or even accelerated drug elimination. Changes in response to drugs in patients with hepatic impairment add to this complexity. Although general guidelines may be formulated now to assist clinicians in constructing dosage regimens of several important drug classes (notably the benzodiazepines and barbiturates) in hepatic disease, it is not now possible to predict in an individual the influence of a specific hepatic disease on the disposition of a drug, with the exception that the oral availability of drugs with high hepatic extraction ratios is increased in patients with cirrhosis and protacaval shunting of blood. Attempts to correlate concentrations of endogenous substances (such as bilirubin), or the pharmacokinetics of model drugs (such as antipyrine), with the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are useful in patients with hepatic impairment have not resulted in clinically useful tests of hepatic drug elimination. Following the administration of a drug to a patient with hepatic impairment, careful monitoring of the patient and also monitoring of plasma or blood drug concentrations remain important considerations. PMID- 7002417 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics in newborns and infants. Age-related differences and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7002419 TI - Drug kinetics in burn patients. AB - Thermal trauma reportedly induces a spectrum of intricate physiological alterations that often involve cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and dermatological functions. Individual responses to varying degrees of burn and secondary complications may produce unpredictable changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. A number of reports describing the disposition of aminoglycoside antibiotics in burn patients have demonstrated clinially significant alterations in the pharmacokinetics of this class of drugs. Several authors have found significantly reduced serum half-lives in burn patients as compared with average values in non burned subjects. Increased aminoglycoside clearances in some burn patients have been attributed to increased glomerular filtration secondary to elevated cardiac output, prostaglandin formation, and glucagon secretion: others attribute this to enhanced elimination of drug across damaged skin tissue. Monitoring of serum aminoglycoside concentrations is recommended because of the low therapeutic index of these agents and the variable course of renal function following burn injury. Topical application of mafenide acetate, providone iodine, and gentamicin to burn wounds has resulted in varying amounts of systemic absorption. Various systemic toxicities have been attributed to these topical therapies, especially in patients with compromised renal function. The extent and area of the burn, degree of hydration, and the amount of drug applied are factors influencing transcutaneous absorption. Sulphonamide derivatives are excreted in the urine subsequent to the application of silver sulphadiazine cream, but silver ions appear to be localised on surface tissue and are thus unavailable to the subeschar space. Additional studies are needed to characterise the pharmacokinetics of medications commonly administered to burn patients. Unfortunately, the marked variability and fluctuations in pathophysiological status following burn trauma often confound the interpretation of such kinetic investigations. PMID- 7002420 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. PMID- 7002421 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease. A review. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a bacterial infection centered in the fallopian tubes, is increasingly encountered among adolescents seen by the pediatrician. This review describes two cases representative of gonococcal and nongonococcal PID and the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder are discussed. Emphasis is placed on management by the primary care pediatrician and indications for gynecologic consultation. PMID- 7002422 TI - Recent advances in the management of diabetic pregnant women. AB - Recent advances in perinatology, neonatalogy, and metabolism have substantially improved the prognosis for pregnancy in patients with overt diabetes. Perinatal mortality rates are now approaching those in the general population; morbidity is declining. Yet to be conquered is the markedly increased incidence of congenital anomalies. Nevertheless, in 1980, one can give the pregnant diabetic patient more assurance than ever before that the outcome of her pregnancy is likely to be favorable. PMID- 7002423 TI - Platelet disorders in pregnancy. PMID- 7002424 TI - Acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient due to pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, or peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7002425 TI - Effects of pindolol on renal function. AB - Because beta blockers have been shown to reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the renal effect of intravenous and prolonged oral administration of pindolol was examined in 10 patients with essential hypertension. Intravenous pindolol decreased inulin clearance from 99 to 94 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.005), and pulse rate from 75 to 69/min (p < 0.005). Blood pressure and filtration fraction were not changed. Oral pindolol (10 to 20 mg/day) for a mean of 6 mo resulted in a decrease in mean blood pressure from 124 to 111 mm Hg (p < 0.001), in mean pulse rate from 76 to 69/min (p < 0.005), and in mean plasma renin activity (PRA) from 0.9 to 0.29 ng/ml/hr (p < 0.05). Inulin clearance and filtration fraction did not change. At the end of oral therapy, intravenous pindolol induced a greater reduction in inulin clearance than in the first study. These observations indicate that intravenous pindolol induces a decrease in GFR probably secondary to hemodynamic effects. On the other hand, prolonged oral pindolol has no effect on GFR despite decreases in blood pressure, pulse rate, and PRA. PMID- 7002428 TI - Effects of single and multiple doses of guanfacine in essential hypertension. AB - The effects of oral guanfacine were examined in six patients with essential hypertension. Guanfacine caused a substantial fall in both lying and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The fall in pressure was evident by 6 hr, maximal by 10 to 12 hr, and lasted as long as 36 hr. In four patients satisfactory blood pressure control throughout the day was achieved during inpatient administration with single daily doses of 2 to 4 mg in the evening. The other two patients required twice-daily dosing for optimal control of blood pressure. There was no evidence of tolerance to the hypotensive effect. Sedation and xerostomia were apparent after the first dose but did not limit dose titration. Guanfacine lowered lying and standing plasma norepinephrine; this continued on long-term dosing. Urinary catecholamines were reduced from 59.21 +/- 17.24 (mean +/- SEM) to 28.91 +/- 4.20 micrograms/24 hr after 7 days of treatment. The hemodynamic effects, side effects, and biochemical evidence of reduced sympathetic activity after guanfacine resembled the centrally acting antihypertensive clonidine, although guanfacine appeared to have a longer duration of action. PMID- 7002426 TI - Effects of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and oxaprozin, on the kidney. AB - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been found to cause sodium retention and to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We studied the effects of two such drugs, indomethacin and oxaprozin, a new propionic acid derivative, on renal function of awake, normal human subjects during sustained water diuresis. Although neither drug had a long-term effect on GFR or sodium clearance (CNa), indomethacin (six subjects) but not oxaprozin (seven subjects) transiently reduced GFR and CNa. Given over the short term, oxaprozin caused a reduction in GFR from 113.7 +/- 5.7 to 99.8 +/- 4.7 ml/min (p < 0.01) and CNa from 0.84 +/- 0.07 to 0.61 +/- 0.08 ml/min (p < 0.005). The results were much the same when an additional dose of indomethacin was given to subjects who had been receiving the drug for a week. Inference from clearance data at a time when urinary osmolality (Uosm) remained constant but urine flow per GFR (V/GFR) fell suggests that both drugs stimulated proximal tubular sodium and fluid resorption. Both suppressed renin and aldosterone levels comparably and reduced potassium excretion transiently, but only indomethacin caused a sustained change in serum potassium concentration; serum potassium rose from 4.32 +/- 0.10 to 4.56 +/- 0.11 mEq/l (p < 0.05) after 1 wk. These disparate findings suggest that prostaglandin synthesis inhibition may not be the sole mechanism of action of NSAIDs. PMID- 7002430 TI - Antihypertensive action of bendroflumethiazide: increased prostacyclin production? AB - A within-patient randomized, double-blind, crossover study was performed to investigate mechanisms of action of bendroflumethiazide in mild essential hypertension. Significant reductions in lying, standing, and postexercise blood pressure were seen after both 3 days and 10 wk treatment with bendroflumethiazide 10 mg daily. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the chemical hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, were increased by both 3 days and 10 wk therapy with bendroflumethiazide. This raises the possibility that thiazides may reduce peripheral resistance by increasing prostacyclin biosynthesis. PMID- 7002429 TI - Influence of indomethacin on the natriuretic and renin-stimulating effect of bumetanide in essential hypertension. AB - The effect of bumetanide on absolute and fractional sodium excretion, creatinine clearance, and plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in eight patients with essential hypertension before and after indomethacin. After bumetanide, urinary sodium excretion increased only in the first 4 hr, creatinine clearance only in the first 2 hr, and PRA rose progressively. After indomethacin, bumetanide caused a smaller increase in urinary sodium excretion, decreased creatinine clearance, and caused a small early and late PRA rise. Prostaglandin inhibition and indomethacin did not, per se, affect the tubular natriuretic mechanism but they abolished both early vascular and sustained PRA-stimulating effects of bumetanide. PMID- 7002427 TI - Timolol and hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride in primary hypertension. AB - Fifty-five patients with primary hypertension, World Health Organization (WHO) stages I and II, were randomly allocated to a 9-mo multicenter, controlled, double-blind, crossover study with timolol, a nonselective beta adrenoceptor blocker, and hydrochlorothiazide combined with the potassium-sparing drug amiloride (AHCT). In 54% of the patients the blood pressure responded to timolol, in 87% to AHCT, and in 91% to a combination of the two. The diurectic was more effective than the beta blocker in patients with low-renin hypertension, who all responded to AHCT. Overall, there was no correlation between pretreatment plasma renin activity (PRA) and hypothensive effect of either drug. Timolol reduced PRA by 58% and plasma aldosterone (PA) by 23% while AHCT increased these levels threefold. Combination therapy increased PA while PRA returned towards baseline, suggesting greater aldosterone stimulation by the diuretic component. Serum triglycerides rose during timolol treatment alone and in combination. Both timolol and AHCT are effective antihypertensives. In combination they normalize blood pressure in most patients with primary hypertension (WHO stages I and II). Determination of PRA is useful as a guide to the choice of the first treatment in searching out low-renin hypertensive patients, who are best treated with diuretics. PMID- 7002431 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. PMID- 7002432 TI - Immunosuppression and skin cancer. PMID- 7002433 TI - HLA-B27 and the link with rheumatic diseases: recent developments. PMID- 7002434 TI - The intrarenal regulation of sodium excretion in the dog. AB - 1. The effect of sodium chloride-containing solution (saline) infusion on sodium excretion has been investigated in kidneys transplanted from donors into the neck vessels of other dogs (perfusors). The dogs (perfusors and donors) had been given sodium-enriched or sodium-poor diets ("loaded" and "deprived' dogs). 2. Three series of experiments were performed: (A) loaded perfusor, loaded donor; (B) deprived perfusor deprived donor; (C) deprived perfusor, loaded donor. 3. Kidneys from deprived dogs, transplanted into deprived perfusors, excreted less sodium after intravenous saline than kidneys from loaded dogs transplanted into loaded perfusors. However, the sodium excretion from the kidneys of loaded dogs transplanted into deprived perfusors was the same as that from the kidneys of loaded dogs transplanted into loaded perfusors. These differences suggest that intrarenal mechanisms are involved in the changes in sodium excretion which follow changes in dietary sodium balance. 4. The intraenal mechanisms included changes in glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium reabsorption, but not changes in filtration fraction or renin release. PMID- 7002435 TI - Haemodynamic and hormone responses to acute and chronic frusemide therapy in congestive heart failure. AB - 1. Since important interrelationships between haemodynamic and hormone indices are possible in cardiac failure, measurements of cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II and aldosterone were carried out before and during acute and chronic frusemide therapy in patients with oedematous heart failure who had been given digoxin. 2. Cardiac output fell significantly 90 min after acute frusemide infection, then returned to baseline. Mean pulmonary artery pressure declined steadily throughout the 4 h of observation. 3. These haemodynamic changes occurred in the absence of major hormonal fluctuations and related presumably to direct vascular and diuretic actions of frusemide. 4. With more chronic (8-10 days) oral frusemide therapy, reciprocal changes between haemodynamic and hormone indices were observed. As the diuretic response to frusemide diminished, cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressure declined whereas the renin-angiotensin system was activated. Statistically significant inverse correlations were observed between these haemodynamic and hormone indices. 5. In both acute and chronic phases of the study, fluctuations in aldosterone levels were regulated by the renin-angiotensin system whereas ACTH, plasma potassium and plasma sodium played, at best, supportive roles. PMID- 7002436 TI - Evidence that the acute hypotensive effect of captopril in dogs is not wholly explained by a reduction of plasma angiotensin II and its direct vasoconstrictor effect. AB - 1. Captopril infused into sodium-loaded dogs produced a fall in both blood pressure [117 +/- 9.7 to 96.6 +/- 11.4 (SD) mmHg] and plasma angiotensin II [11.0 +/- 3.0 to 1.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) pmol/l]. Plasma aldosterone fell while both blood angiotensin I and renin concentration rose. 2. Angiotensin II was infused at 2, 6, 18 and 54 ng min-1 kg-1 into sodium-depleted dogs. Plasma angiotensin II and arterial pressure both rose and were related in a dose-response curve. 3. On a separate occasion the same dogs were given an intravenous infusion of captopril (6 mg h-1 kg-1) and the angiotensin II infusion was repeated. Again plasma angiotensin II and arterial pressure rose but the dose-response curve was displaced downwards; a higher concentration of angiotensin II being required to produce the same blood pressure as in the dogs not given captopril. 4. These finding suggest that the acute hypotensive effect of captopril is not wholly explained by a decrease in plasma angiotensin II concentration and the consequent reduction of its acute vasoconstrictor effect. PMID- 7002437 TI - [The neurochemical bases of the use of SAM in psychiatry]. PMID- 7002438 TI - [Visceral manifestations of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7002439 TI - Conspectus: food colorings and hyperkinetic children. PMID- 7002440 TI - A memorial tribute to Dr. Helen A. Harrington; member and past board member of the W.L.N. PMID- 7002441 TI - [Psychosis and creativity. Reflections on an autistic painter: Sylvain Fusco]. AB - Through the life and the creative activities of an autistic schizoid, the authors describe the relationship and the fundamental differences existing between the genuine artist and the psychotic subject, and consequently, the distinction between the concepts of art and creativeness. PMID- 7002442 TI - Plasmatic and vascular factors of the hemostatic system in rats receiving an estrogen-progestogen combination. AB - Treatment of rats for 10 estral cycles with an estrogen-progestogen combination giving 100% infertility triggered a vascular response characterized by increased prostacyclin activity in arterial walls and increased systolic blood pressure. In contrast, plasma fibrinolytic activity and physiological coagulation inhibitors as well as vascular fibrinolytic activity were not changed by this treatment. The same rats tended to have shorter occlusion times of an aortic prosthesis, and could represent a useful model to study the blood-vessel-wall interplay during oral contraceptive treatment. PMID- 7002445 TI - Renal handling of phosphate. PMID- 7002444 TI - Renal handling of calcium. AB - More than 95% of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed. In the proximal convoluted tubule calcium absorption is passive. The pars recta transports calcium actively but little is known about its regulation. Transport of calcium in the thick ascending limb is both active and passive, and function of medullary and cortical segments is heterogeneous. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium transport in the cortical segment. Calcium absorption in the distal convoluted tubule is active, and both chlorothiazide and PTH enhance it. Function of the granular portion of the collecting tubule resenbles the distal convoluted tubule. The light portion does not transport calcium. PMID- 7002443 TI - Effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on luteal function in women. AB - The potent stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered once daily during the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. The treatment was instituted in the early or mid-luteal phase of the cycle. Early luteal phase institution of intranasal treatment with 600 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily reduced the basal progesterone levels during the luteal phase in 4 women but did not cause premature onset of menstruation. Mid-luteal phase institution of subcutaneous treatment with 10 micrograms of the LRH agonist once daily did not affect the progesterone levels or reduce the length of the luteal phase in 5 women. Thus, daily postovulatory administration of the LRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH did not cause luteolysis in normally cycling women. PMID- 7002446 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 7002447 TI - Role of sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. AB - Supra-normal supine and stimulated plasma levels of noradrenaline and/or adrenaline, presumably reflecting increased sympatho-adrenal activity, have been found in a proportion of patients with essential hypertension. In established hypertension a disturbed relationship between plasma noradrenaline concentration and pressor response to noradrenaline has been observed. It is suggested that sympathetic nervous activity and pressor response to noradrenaline together form an important determinant of the arterial blood pressure level. PMID- 7002448 TI - Management of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7002449 TI - Sodium homeostasis in acute glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7002450 TI - Interstitial nephritis. AB - There are many causes of interstitial nephritis other than pyelonephritis. The term interstitial nephritis does not connote a single etiologic or pathogenetic mechanism; it rather arbitrarily places together a wider variety of renal diseases that have a predilection for early and major involvement of the renal interstitium. The prototype of acute interstitial nephritis is acute pyelonephritis. In addition, there is a drug-related acute interstitial disease that is probably of immunological nature and usually reverses with discontinuance of the offending drug. Chronic interstitial nephritis includes many diverse illnesses. Nonobstructive pyelonephritis occurs but its prevalence is debated. Analgesic abuse nephropathy is not rare and is potentially reversible. Papillary necrosis has many causes and a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Heavy metals, such as lead, cause interstitial nephritis. Balkan nephropathy occurs in an endemic area and although not bacterial in origin is of unknown cause. PMID- 7002451 TI - Hypercalciuria: diagnosis and management. AB - Hypercalciuria may be due to increased bone resorption, increased intestinal absorption, increased renal excretion or due to hypophosphatemia. Examination of the serum for calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3, and of the urine for calcium, phosphorus and cyclic AMP will help arrive at the correct diagnosis. Therapies specific for each type of hypercalciuria are available and can be used. However, a more simplified diagnostic approach, and the use of thiazide diuretics for therapy, will usually suffice in the majority of patients. PMID- 7002452 TI - The haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. PMID- 7002453 TI - Effects of urinary tract obstruction on renal function. AB - This paper reviews the effects of urinary tract obstruction of renal function. The mechanisms by which obstruction decreases glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow are considered. The effects of obstructive uropathy on renal concentrating ability, renal acid excretion, and renal metabolism are also discussed. PMID- 7002454 TI - Idiopathic edema. AB - Idiopathic edema is a common disorder in younger women. In some cases, edema may be induced by abuse of diuretics for the purpose of weight reduction. In other cases, the pathogenesis of edema is obscure. Increased orthostatic fluid retention secondary to abnormal orthostatic venous 'pooling' and shifting of intravascular fluid into the interstitial space may play a role. Secondary hyperaldosteronism, if present, is usually due to diuretic treatment. Abnormalities in prolactin secretion are probably not a cause of idiopathic edema. PMID- 7002455 TI - Hepatorenal syndrome. AB - Renal failure without apparent cause (the hepatorenal syndrome) may develop in the course of cirrhosis of the liver. While the development of renal failure bears a poor prognosis, spontaneous recovery can occur. The data suggest that for the most part patients die in rather than of renal failure. The latter seems to be only part of a broader more fundamental disturbance. The pathogenesis of HRS is unknown, but the evidence supports an impairment of effective renal perfusion. The two major hypotheses concerning the nature of the impaired perfusion are that it is a physiologic response to alterations in the extrarenal circulation, and that there is an unidentified humoral agent(s) produced by or inadequately inactivated by or bypassing the diseased liver and causing circulatory changes in the kidney as well as in other organs. It is possible that both mechanisms are operative. Treatment is unsatisfactory and emphasis is presently best placed upon searching for more treatable causes of renal functional impairment in individual patients. PMID- 7002456 TI - Disturbances in renal function and structure and in electrolyte homeostasis in malignancy. PMID- 7002457 TI - Renal prostaglandins, kidney function and essential hypertension. AB - In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that renal formation of prostaglandins (PG), most probably at the juxtaglomerular complex represents an essential step for the mechanisms regulating the secretion of renin. PGs formed in the cortex seem to participate also in the control of renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate. Renal PG formation, especially that of PGE2, is reduced by high NaCl intake leading to a relative preponderance of PGF2 alpha at a reduced level of PG formation. These findings make renal PGs good candidates for participation in the renal regulation of sodium chloride balance and in the control of blood pressure. Due to the close connection with the renin angiotensin system, alterations in renal PG production might be involved in the etiology of high and low renin states. Thus, an impairment in the renal formation of vasodilating and renin-stimulating PGs as reflected by a blunted increase of urinary PGE2 excretion rate initially after furosemide in essential hypertensive patients could be the common denominator for both the blunted renin secretion and the increased vascular resistance which have been reported to be associated with this disease. Together with the observation of a positive correlation between PGF2 alpha formation (which enhances vasoconstriction following nerve stimulation) and blood pressure in human neonates, the findings suggest that abnormalities in the production of PGs whether due to genetic or as a result of environmental (NaCl) factors, could be involved in the development and in the natural history of essential hypertension. PMID- 7002460 TI - Diagnosis and therapy of perioperative arrhythmias. AB - Cardiac arrhythmias are extremely common in the perioperative setting. They only require treatment when they (1) interfere significantly with normal tissue perfusion; (2) adversely affect the normal balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand; or (3) predispose the patient to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Usually, the treatment is simple: correct the underlying cause or causes. In some instances, either the cause will not be apparent or time will not permit adequate identification of the precipitating events. In these instances, drug treatment or electrical therapy is indicated. The classification of arrhythmias and the actions, indications, dosages and routes, and major side effects of the drugs commonly used in their treatment are summarized in Tables 1 through 3. The indications for electrical therapy, including pacemakers and cardioversion, were discussed in the sections dealing with bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, and AV conduction block. PMID- 7002458 TI - Effects of anesthetics and anesthetic adjuvants on the heart. PMID- 7002459 TI - Hypotension during noncardiac anesthesia in the cardiac patient. PMID- 7002461 TI - Monitoring the cardiovascular system during anesthesia. AB - Cardiovascular data can provide the anesthesiologist with very valuable information that enables him to take better care of his patient. This information will prove even more valuable if the following few rules are followed: (1) do not be mesmerized, confused, or preoccupied by complex equipment, (2) do not avoid paying direct attention to your patient, (3) remember to use what will provide clinically useful information and heed this information, and (4) remember that electronic monitoring is not always superior to other methods. PMID- 7002462 TI - Anesthesia for patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The suggested anesthetic management of patients with potentially ischemic myocardium is as follows: 1. Careful work-up before proceeding if angina is present preoperatively. 2. Heavy premedication, attention to factors of preoperative anxiety, and avoidance of unnecessary painful procedures in the awake patient. Do not stop propranolol. 3. Monitoring of ST segments via V5 lead during anesthesia. Do not permit large fluctuations in systolic blood pressure or large increases in heart rate. 4. Maintenance of patient's temperature to obviate postoperative shivering. 5. Treatment of increased heart rate and ST segment changes with propranolol in 0.25-mg I.V. increments every 1 to 3 minutes until improvement noted (reasonable acute dose limit is 2 to 3 mg). 6. Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with lidocaine bolus (50 to 100 mg) and infusion if more than one bolus is required (1 to 2 mg/70 kg/min), plus usual blood gases and electrolytes. PMID- 7002463 TI - Reverse turns in peptides and proteins. AB - The evidence that reverse turns frequently occur as structural components of proteins, as well as of linear and cyclic peptides, is overwhelming. This review summarizes and examines critically the experimental evidence derived from physical methods such as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spin lattice relaxation time, circular dichroism, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Secondly, theoretical evidence obtained from energy calculations, which rely on empirical energy functions, and correlative methods, which rely on algorithms based on the frequency of occurrence of amino acids, is evaluated. In particular, those theoretical studies for which complementary physical studies have been completed are emphasized. Finally, examples of structure-function relationships involving reverse turns and their biological recognition are demonstrated. PMID- 7002464 TI - Hypertension: diagnostic test strategies. PMID- 7002465 TI - Sialochemistry in diseases and clinical situations affecting salivary glands. PMID- 7002466 TI - Group A beta streptococci. Infection control update! PMID- 7002467 TI - Infection control update! Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7002468 TI - Successful 96- and 144-hour experimental kidney preservation: a combination of standard machine preservation and newly developed normothermic ex vivo perfusion. PMID- 7002469 TI - Phytoalexins of leguminous plants. AB - The production of phytoalexins by various plants belonging to the family Leguminosae is reviewed. Many of the plants involved and/ or products derived from them are currently being consumed by humans. Most of the compounds that have been characterized were found to be toxic to certain microorganisms and hence they may be potential hazards for humans. The induction, chemical and physical characteristics, and other available information on these compounds are presented along with pertinent references. The lack of complete information on many of the phytoalexins reported suggests the need for further and continuing research in this area. PMID- 7002470 TI - Phytic acid interactions in food systems. AB - Phytic acid is present in many plant systems, constituting about 1 to 5% by weight of many cereals and legumes. Concern about its presence in food arises from evidence that it decreases the bioavailability of many essential minerals by interacting with multivalent cations and/or proteins to form complexes that may be insoluble or otherwise unavailable under physiologic conditions. The precise structure of phytic acid and its salts is still a matter of controversy and lack of a good method of analysis is also a problem. It forms fairly stable chelates with almost all multivalent cations which are insoluble about pH 6 to 7, although pH, type, and concentration of cation have a tremendous influence on their solubility characteristics. In addition, at low pH and low cation concentration, phytate-protein complexes are formed due to direct electrostatic interaction, while at pH > 6 to 7, a ternary phytic acid-mineral-protein complex is formed which dissociates at high Na+ concentrations. These complexes appear to be responsible for the decreased bioavailability of the complexed minerals and are also more resistant to proteolytic digestion at low pH. Development of methods for producing low-phytate food products must take into account the nature and extent of the interactions between phytic acid and other food components. Simple mechanical treatment, such as milling, is useful for those seeds in which phytic acid tends to be localized in specific regions. Enzyme treatment, either directly with phytase or indirectly through the action of microorganisms, such as yeast during breadmaking, is quite effective, provided pH and other environmental conditions are favorable. It is also possible to produce low-phytate products by taking advantage of some specific interactions. For example, adjustment of pH and/or ionic strength so as to dissociate phytate-protein complexes and then using centrifugation or ultrafiltration (UF) has been shown to be useful. Phytic acid can also influence certain functional properties such as pH-solubility profiles of the proteins and the cookability of the seeds. PMID- 7002471 TI - Determination of vitamin K in foods: a review. AB - Vitamin K receives less dietary attention and fewer assays in foods than other fat-soluble vitamins. It is widely distributed in foods, usually at low concentrations. The human requirement is small. Intestinal bacteria synthesize vitamin K, which presumably helps provide the metabolic requirements for vitamin K. An RDA for vitamin K has not been published, but infants fed milk-substitute formulas risk vitamin K deficiency and it is recommended that those formulas contain supplemental vitamin K. Vitamin K in foods includes phylloquinone (K1) found in plants and several menaquinones (K2) found in animals and synthesized by microorganisms. Many vitamin K methods were developed primarily to identify forms present and determine their relative bioactivities. Until recently bioassays with chicks were the only practical methods to determine vitamin K content of foods. Various physicochemical methods have been developed to determine vitamins K in pure solutions, concentrates, and pharmaceuticals. Because of low concentrations of vitamin K in foods and the extensive purifications of extracts required, there has been only limited use of physicochemical methods, such as column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, with foods; the latter method perhaps offers the greatest possibilities for further development. PMID- 7002472 TI - Cereal sprouts: composition, nutritive value, food applications. AB - The practice of sprouting of cereal grains has become popular in the western world. Sprouted grains are thought of as having exceptional nutritive value. Sprouting is easy and can be done without sophisticated equipment. Untreated seeds of good quality and high germination percentage are placed in an environment of adequate water, a desirable temperature, and a certain composition of gases in the atmosphere for several days for sprouting. The sprouts can be kept for a few days to over a week under refrigeration. They can be used in many different foods including breakfast items, salads, soups, casseroles, pasta, and baked products. Sprouting of grains causes increased enzyme activity, a loss of total dry matter, an increase in total protein, a change in amino acid composition, a decrease in starch, increases in sugars, a slight increase in crude fat and crude fiber, and slightly higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals. Most of the increases in nutrients are not true increases, however. They simply reflect the loss of dry matter, mainly in the form of carbohydrates, due to respiration during sprouting. As total carbohydrates decreases, the percentage of other nutrients increases. There are no nutritional evaluations of cereal sprouts in humans. Animal studies with cattle, pigs, chickens, and rats have failed to show a superior nutritive value of sprouted grains over ungerminated grains. Studies with humans are not likely to produce more encouraging results. PMID- 7002473 TI - The enlarging view of hexacarbon neurotoxicity. PMID- 7002474 TI - The interactions of selenium with cadmium and mercury. PMID- 7002475 TI - Behavioral effects of moderate lead exposure in children and animal models: part 2, animal studies. PMID- 7002476 TI - In vitro studies on the mode of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters: part 1. PMID- 7002479 TI - Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of oral glucosamine sulphate were tested against placebo in a prospective double-blind trial in 20 out-patients with established osteoarthrosis. Two capsules of either glucosaminene sulphate (250 mg) or placebo were administered 3-times daily over a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Articular pain, joint tenderness and restricted movement were semi-quantitatively scored 1 to 4 every 3 days, and individually averaged over the treatment period (overall composite score). Possible side-reactions were similarly scored upon positive questioning of the patients. Haematology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine analysis and X-rays were recorded before and after treatment. Significant alleviation of symptoms was associated with the use of the active drug at the prescribed dose. Similarly, patients given glucosamine sulphate experienced earlier alleviation of symptoms compared with those who had placebo. The use of glucosamine sulphate also resulted in a significantly larger proportion of patients who experienced lessening or disappearance of symptoms within the trial period. No adverse reactions were reported by the patients treated with glucosamine, and no variation in laboratory tests was recorded. PMID- 7002478 TI - Glucosamine sulphate for the management of arthrosis: a controlled clinical investigation. PMID- 7002477 TI - Lipids and lipoprotein fractions after cyclopenthiazide and oxprenolol: a double blind crossover study. AB - A double-blind crossover study was carried out to investigate the effects of cyclopenthiazide and oxprenolol on blood lipids in 20 previously untreated patients with mild to moderate hypertension. After a 4-week placebo period, patients received at random either 8-weeks' treatment with the two drugs followed by 8 weeks on cyclopenthiazide alone, or the reversed sequence. Daily doses were 160 mg slow-release oxprenolol and/or 0.25 mg cyclopenthiazide during the first 4 weeks of each treatment period, after which the dosage was doubled. Data from 13 patients who completed the trial showed no significant changes in the blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol or LDL and HDL cholesterol fractions. These findings are discussed in relation to published studies on the effects of other beta-blockers on blood lipids. PMID- 7002480 TI - Tolmetin sodium and indomethacin in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip: a double-blind crossover study. AB - A double-blind crossover study was carried out in 21 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of 1200 mg tolmetin sodium daily with 75 mg indomethacin daily. Each drug was given in 3 equally divided doses daily for a period of 2 weeks, both active treatment periods being preceded by 1 week on placebo. Active treatment sequence was at random. Patients were seen again after 1, 3, 4 and 6 weeks and assessments made of pain at rest, on standing, on walking, degree of sleep disturbance, and degree of limitation of everyday activity. Intermalleolar distance was also measured. A record was kept of the clinician's opinion of change with treatment, any side-effects and the patient's preference. The results from 19 patients completing the study showed that both drugs produced a good analgesic response, particularly in night pain, and most patients found their incapacitation decreased with active treatment as compared to placebo. The few side-effects reported were mild and transient, except in 1 patient who withdrew from tolmetin sodium treatment because of limiting gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 7002481 TI - Clinical study comparing acupuncture, physiotherapy, injection and oral anti inflammatory therapy in shoulder-cuff lesions. AB - In a single-blind trial, five treatments for painful stiff shoulder were compared for a 4-week assessment period in 60 patients. The treatments were acupuncture, steroid injection with placebo and with active tolmetin sodium, physiotherapy in the form of ultrasound and 'placebo' physiotherapy with placebo tolmetin sodium. Objective assessment was gained by use of goniometer readings to monitor shoulder abduction. Pain was measured by visual analogue scales and by a 4-point scale. Comparative assessment was also recorded and at the end of the study a success or failure was recorded for each patient's treatment. With very few exceptions all patients improved markedly, both in terms of the subjective and objective parameters. No differences between the treatments were detected. The incidence and severity of side-effects was low. It is suggested that the results show that the painful stiff shoulder may be a self-limiting condition and that any beneficial effect was really due to natural recovery. This is an important consideration because patients do not always receive immediate attention when referred to an out-patient department and the use of physiotherapy and acupuncture in such cases, perhaps, should be critically examined. PMID- 7002483 TI - The use of rociverine as premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastro intestinal tract: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. AB - The effect of rociverine (10 or 20 mg given intravenously) as premedication in upper gastro-intestinal tract endoscopy was examined and compared to that of hyoscine butylbromide (20 or 40 mg given i.v.) in a double-blind study involving 121 patients. The drugs' effects were assessed on the degree of opening of the pyloric sphincter and the endoscopist's rating of drug performance. The study showed that rociverine did not differ statistically from the reference drug on either count. No adverse effects were noted. PMID- 7002482 TI - Clinical experience with tolmetin sodium. AB - Two studies are reported with tolmetin sodium. The first compared tolmetin sodium, phenylbutazone and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. The second compared tolmetin sodium and aloxiprin in osteoarthritis and soft tissue rheumatism. In the first study, a double-blind crossover trial involving 12 patients, tolmetin sodium (1600 mg daily) was shown to be superior to placebo and comparable to phenylbutazone (400 mg daily). The reductions in morning stiffness and pain were statistically significant when compared to placebo. Tolmetin sodium and aloxiprin were compared in the treatment of osteoarthritis in a single-blind study which investigated efficacy and safety over a 3-month period. Initial dosages were 1600 mg tolmetin sodium and 6 g aloxiprin (equivalent to 5 g aspirin) daily. Thirty four patients were enrolled in the study. Both drugs produced an improvement over the 3-months treatment period. The reduction in pain was statistically significant. The dosage of tolmetin sodium remained at 1600 mg daily for the 3 month duration of the study but side-effects necessitated the reduction of the dosage of aloxiprin in many patients and after 3-months' treatment the mean dosage was 4 g daily. Five patients withdrew from the tolmetin sodium group and 11 from the aloxiprin group. Adverse reactions including limiting side-effects, were about twice as common with aloxiprin compared to tolmetin sodium. PMID- 7002484 TI - Wound-regulated synthesis and vacuolar compartmentation of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves. PMID- 7002485 TI - Creative functions of instability and oscillations in metabolic systems. PMID- 7002487 TI - Ultrastructural variations following use of several weakly protic alcohols as dehydration agents. AB - Evaluation has been made of ultrastructural variations which obtain following dehydration and infiltration of glutaraldehyde plus osmium fixed CHO cells with the weakly protic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, 2 propanol, propylene glycol and glycerine), acetone alone, and with use of acetone and propylene oxide as transition solvents subsequent to dehydration with ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol. It appears that the weakly protic alcohols, applied without transition solvent, in addition to some extraction by themselves, variously condition the components of membranes, etc, for possible further extraction by the embedment resin. Extraction by embedment consists mainy of removal of aggregate or 'corpuscular' units from regions assumed to have originally consisted of endomembrane. Relatively discrete extraction pits in membranes are noted in the cases of methanol and ethylene glycol dehydration without transition solvent; whereas use of the other alcohols such as 1-propanol and 2-propanol accentuate the visualization and staining of mitochondrial ribosomes. Cytoplasmic ribosomes stain more strongly when acetone or ethylene glycol are employed as dehydration agents, but some size (length) differences obtain. Apparently, acetone or propylene oxide transition following dehydration with ethanol or methanol (but not the glycols) assists in, or fixes, alterations of endomembrane components into the familiar 'unit membrane' orientation upon which the embedding substances have little discernible effect. Glycol dehydration and infiltration regimens (especially ethylene glycol alone and as a dehydration agent in the application of Bernhard's (1969) staining technique) result in lesser electron density of heterochromatin while accentuating RNP particles. The increased electron density of heterochromatin while accentuating RNP particles. The increased electron density of the RNP particles and the decrease in density of the heterochromatin result in improved visualization of the relationships among nucleolar RNP particles and the nuclear pore complexes. PMID- 7002486 TI - Regulation of biosynthesis of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002488 TI - Characteristics of HeLa strains: permanent vs. variable features. AB - Characteristic rearranged human chromosome markers have been observed in a variety of HeLa cell sublines and in five suspected HeLa contaminant lines originally thought to be derived from differentiated tissues of different individual patients. The allozyme genetic signatures, representing the composite enzyme phenotype at eight polymorphic loci, of each of the studied contaminant lines were identical to each other and to those of HeLa cells. The probability that each of these lines would have an identical genetic signature (since the frequency of the HeLa genotype is 0.0017) is 4.2 X 10(-15). Differences between cell lines, however, could be detected by isoelectric focussing of the isoenzymes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The cell lines, including CLL 74, the older Chang liver line, failed to express five liver-specific proteins. One protein was detected in a new liver cell culture. Variations in cytogenetic, biochemical, and differentiated functions during continuous cell culture are discussed. PMID- 7002490 TI - Insulin receptors in man. The monocyte as model for insulin receptor studies. PMID- 7002491 TI - Some aspects of intestino-gastric reflux. PMID- 7002492 TI - Review of the history of the University of Copenhagen and the Faculty of Medicine. PMID- 7002493 TI - A note on the history of medical education in the United States. PMID- 7002489 TI - Evidence of similar organization of the chromosomes carrying the major histocompatibility complex in man and other primates. AB - The chromosome localization and gene synteny of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the great apes and rhesus monkey were investigated using somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the MHC antigens was determined either with a microadsorption technique employing primate alloantisera, or with a radioimmune assay. The enzymes phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and soluble maleic enzyme (ME1) were assayed in those hybrids where electrophoretic separations could be achieved. A chromosome homologous to the human No. 6 was found in the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and rhesus monkey, and its genomic organization is similar to that of man. PMID- 7002494 TI - Isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in children with nontumoral hydrocephalus. A preliminary report. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein patterns of 42 children with nontumoral hydrocephalus, 33% with associated congenital malformations (meningocele, myelomeningocele, spina bifida, monoventricular prosencephalon) were determined by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 50% of the patients showed a barrier damage pattern, 19% showed a degenerative pattern, a block pattern or a normal pattern were less frequently found. 14 children presented hydrocephalus associated with other malformations, 44% of these cases showed a degenerative pattern. Combining results from quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and qualitative isoelectric focusing, resulted in better characterization of CSF protein abnormalities, the high resolution capacity of these techniques may give a new approach to the evaluation of the blood CSF barrier in the management of hydrocephalus. PMID- 7002495 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in ventricular shunt surgery. I. Reduction of operative infection rates with methicillin. AB - Administration of prophylactic antibiotics is not a proven or universal practice in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery although case and operative infection rates in hydrocephalic patients average 20 and 8%, respectively. In sequential series from 1969 through 1978 the authors achieved a reduction in case infection rates from 10.9 to 8.9% and in operative infections from 8 to 2.6% with the use of short-term prophylactic methicillin. Comparison of these results to those of other reported series supports the case for short-term prophylactic antibiotics in shunt surgery. Further reduction in shunt sepsis may be possible with the appropriate selection of other semisynthetic penicillins which achieve higher levels in CSF. PMID- 7002496 TI - [Adrenal cortex transplantation. Animal experimental models for the human Cushing and Conn syndromes--clinical aspects of adrenal cortex transplantation]. AB - Thymusaplastic mutants of mice (nu/nu) and rats (rnu/rnu) were used as recipients for tissue of one aldosteronoma of a 21-year-old male patient with Conn's syndrome and for tissue of one adenoma of a 28-year-old female patient with Cushing's syndrome. In this animal experimental study we succeeded in demonstrating that congenitally athymic rodents are ideal recipients for xenotransplantation of adrenal cortical tissue. The graft viability was demonstrated by obtaining light and electron micrographs of the biopsied transplants and its endocrine function documented by the measurements of plasma renin, cortisol, and urinary excretion of aldosterone, cortisol, and corticosterone. Fifteen patients are presented who were surgically treated for Cushing's disease. Fourteen patients with adrenocortical hyperplasia underwent total adrenalectomy and two had after adrenalectomy autotransplantation of adrenal tissue in the forearm muscle. One patient was treated with a transsphenoidal, partial hypophysectomy. Our clinical experience with Cushing's disease showed that the initial surgical procedure may be directed to the pituitary and only in unsuccessful surgery to the adrenals. Adrenal autotransplantation after total adrenalectomy is an obsolete procedure. PMID- 7002497 TI - [Salmonella abdominal aortic aneurysm. One case undergoing fissuration and successfully treated surgically (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002498 TI - [Circular mechanical colorectal anastomoses. Apropos of the letter by Mr. Adloff and colleagues]. PMID- 7002502 TI - [Surgical management of spina bifida and meningomyelocele (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002501 TI - Meiosis in Sxr male mice: II. Further absence of cytological evidence for a Y autosome rearrangement in sex-reversed (Sxr) mice. AB - If the sex-reversal factor (Sxr) in mice is represented by a segment of the Y chromosome translocated on to an autosome, this segment might be expected to show some evidence of attempted pairing with the normal Y chromosome at the first meiotic division. Our failure to find such evidence in a light microscope study of the silver-stained pachytene spermatocytes from Sxr/4, XY males further supports existing cytological information that the factor is more likely to be represented by an autosomal dominant gene mutation. PMID- 7002500 TI - Behavior of the chromosome core in mitosis and meiosis. AB - A simple method has been described for the visualization of chromosomes cores with light microscopy in conventional chromosome preparations. The technique is relatively simple, highly reproducible and can be used effectively on fresh and aged slides. The following observations have been made: (1) a core existed in mitotic chromosomes in all the materials employed, confirming the findings of Howell and Hus (1979). (2) The microchromosomes of the chicken and double minutes of a human carcinoma cell line also exhibited the core structure. (3) The core structure of meiotic chromosomes appear weak, disorganized, and disintegrating. PMID- 7002499 TI - Quantitation of in situ hybridization of ribosomal ribonucleic acids to human diploid cells. AB - The hybridization of 5S and 28S ribosomal RNAs to human fibroblast and leukocyte cells was used as a model system to quantitative the technique of in situ hybridization for human diploid cell types. Quantitation consisted of counting (scoring) the number of grains formed over both interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes on slides after various hybridization procedures. The average number of grains/nucleus per slide was then used to determine hybridization percentages. As with nitrocellulose filter hybridizations the kinetics of in situ hybridizations can be fit with a single first-order rate-constant. However, the in situ hybridization rate was approximately 10 times slower than the corresponding filter hybridization rate. The efficiency of in situ hybridization was found to range between 5 and 15% for both leukocyte and fibroblast cell types and for both metaphase and interphase nuclei. Determination of the parameters of the in situ hybridization reaction of ribosomal RNAs to diploid chromosomes define the experimental conditions needed for the localization of single copy genes to diploid chromosomes. PMID- 7002503 TI - [Suture instrument for patent ductus arteriosus and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002505 TI - Surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. AB - A retrospective review of 1353 cases of acute perforated sigmoid diverticulitis treated surgically demonstrates that those operations that resect or exteriorize the perforated segment at the first operation are associated with a lower operative mortality rate than procedures that fail to remove the perforated segment at the initial operation. These results are true for both diffuse peritonitis and localized abscess. PMID- 7002504 TI - Computer recognition of gastric (pre)malignancy with the aid of some biochemical, immunological and cytological data. AB - 17 patients with gastric pre-malignancy and 26 without it were correctly classified on the basis of the data from gastric juice (amount, pH, diphenylamine extinction, immunoglobulin A concentration, and total, parietal and surface epithelial cell counts) and from serum (immunoglobulin A concentration) using a kybernetic method of pattern recognition. The most decisive indices appear to be the diphenylamine extinction and immunoglobulin A concentration of gastric juice. Although X-rays, endoscopy and biopsy are the substantial diagnostic methods for gastric (pre-) malignancy a wide screening is desirable to recognize those people who are still asymptomatic but need the special examinations. We propose for this purpose a set of a few simple tests from blood serum and gastric juice, evaluated by method of pattern recognition. PMID- 7002506 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki 1850 1905. AB - Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki was born in Cernowicz, then a part of Austria, now Rumania, on May 16, 1850. He was educated at Herrmannstadt and earned his way through the University by giving piano lessons and playing the organ. He achieved the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Vienna in 1875 and became an assistant to Billroth. At the age of 32 he became the Director and Professor of Surgery at Krakow, Poland. While there he performed the first esophageal resection and introduced lateral pharyngotomy in excising malignant tumors of the tonsillar region. In 1887 he became Director of the Clinic and Professor of Surgery in Konigsburg. At the age of 40 (1890), he became Professor of Surgery at Breslau, a position which he held until his death. Professor Mikulicz was known for his work on many surgical subjects. His name has been used eponymously in varied conditions and applications--these include Mikulicz cells, disease, drain, line, mask, ointment, and at least ten operations. In 1902 he described his two-stage resection for tumors of the intestine, which was published one year later. He died in Breslau on June 14, 1905, of carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 7002507 TI - Simultaneous hepatic and renal involvement in acute syphilis. Case report and review of the literature. AB - An unusual case of simultaneously occurring acute syphilitic hepatic and renal disease is presented and a concise literature review of both the pathological and clinical findings in this disease is included. Hepatic and renal biopsies were useful in excluding other diagnostic possibilities and in establishing the correct diagnosis in the case presented. PMID- 7002508 TI - Release of active and inactive renin by the pig kidney during development. AB - The release of both active and acid-activatable (inactive), renin was determined in piglets ranging in age from 3 to 53 days. The concentration of active renin in arterial plasma during control periods decreased from 4.4 +/- 1.1 ng/ml in 3--5 day-old animals to 0.7 +/- 0.1 ng/ml in 42-53-day-old animals, while the rate of release of active renin was unchanged (11.8 +/- 5.1 ng/min and 7.5 +/- 3.4 ng/min, respectively). Both isoproterenol and furosemide stimulated release of renin in all age animals while propranolol supressed renin release. The data indicate that the qualitative control of renin release is similar in animals of various ages and stages of development. However, the differences in the concentration of renin in plasma of newborn and more mature animals may depend on factors other than release of renin by the kidney. Newborn animals release both active and inactive renin from the kidney. PMID- 7002510 TI - Regulation of plasma renin in developing piglets. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined in conscious piglets between 1 and 50 days of age before and after treatment with saralasin and indomethacin. Following drug treatment, animals were volume expanded with isotonic saline. Saralasin increased PRA in piglets 1-5 and 18-22 days of age but not 45-50 days. Neither indomethacin nor VE changed PRA at any age. Volume expansion of saralasin- and indomethacin-treated pigs decreased PRA. Neonatal hyperreninemia does not appear to result from renin release stimulated by prostaglandins or by the absence of angiotensin II negative feedback. In addition, the plasma half-life of renin was not different between young and more mature animals suggesting that immature hapatic metabolism of renin cannot be entirely responsible for the high PRA in newborns. PMID- 7002511 TI - Effects of oral fructose in normal, diabetic, and impaired glucose tolerance subjects. AB - We studied the acute effects of oral ingestion of 50-g loads of dextrose, sucrose, and fructose on post-prandial serum glucose, insulin, and plasma glucagon responses in 9 normal subjects, 10 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 17 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. The response to each carbohydrate was quantified when the respective carbohydrate was given alone in a drink or when given in combination with protein and fat in a test meal. The data demonstrate that (1) fructose ingestion resulted in significantly lower serum glucose and insulin responses than did sucrose or dextrose ingestion in all study groups, either when given alone or in the test meal; (2) although fructose ingestion always led to the least glycemic response compared with the other hexoses, the serum glucose response to fructose was increased the more glucose intolerant the subject; (3) urinary glucose excretion during the 3 h after carbohydrate ingestion was greatest after dextrose and least after fructose in all groups. In conclusion, fructose ingestion results in markedly lower serum glucose and insulin responses and less glycosuria than either dextrose or sucrose, both when given alone or as a constituent in a test meal. However, as glucose tolerance worsens, an increasingly greater glycemic response to fructose is seen. PMID- 7002509 TI - Role of aldosterone on renal sodium and potassium excretion during fetal life and newborn period. AB - The renal response to endogenous aldosterone production at different times during gestation and immediately after birth, as well as factors controlling aldosterone secretion during fetal life have been studied in 34 lamb fetuses (106-142 days of gestation, term 145 days) and in 6 newborn lambs (3-8 days postnatal age). It was demonstrated that the increase in fetal plasma aldosterone concentrations correlated with the increase in fetal plasma renin activity (PRA) (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Moreover, it was fond that the slope of the regression line between plasma aldosterone and PRA during fetal life was significantly steeper (p < 0.05) than after birth. Significant correlation coefficients were found between the fetal urinary to plasma ratios (U/P) of sodium over potassium [(U/P)Na+/(U/P)K+] and either fetal plasma aldosterone (r = -0.53, p < 0.005) or fetal age (r = 0.52, p < 0.005). Moreover, in 7 out of 9 fetuses over 125 days, frank secretion of potassium by the fetal tubular cells was demonstrated; such a secretion was present in only 1 of the 15 fetuses between 101 and 125 days of gestation. Finally, it was demonstrated that the increase in mean arterial blood pressure during fetal life and after birth is not a major factor in the increase in fetal glomerular filtration rate during gestation or in the adaptation of glomerular filtration rate to extrauterine life. PMID- 7002514 TI - The relationship between the health belief model and compliance of persons with diabetes mellitus. AB - Thirty insulin-treated diabetic individuals were interviewed in their homes 6-12 mo after having attended diabetic education classes at a community hospital. Self report as well as direct observation were used to measure these patients' level of compliance with their insulin administration, urine testing, diet, hypoglycemia management, and foot care prescriptions. All patients were complying with at least 59% of the points measured. Over one-half of the group indicated compliance with at least 70% of the 61 points measured. However, only 7% complied with every one of the 45 points considered to be necessary for good control of their disease. The group was most compliant with regard to insulin administration and least compliant regarding urine testing. The level of these patients' beliefs regarding their disease (severity and susceptibility, treatment benefits, and barriers) and cues to action were also measured. A correlation of 0.5 occurred between these patients' overall compliance levels and a composit of their level of health belief motivation. The highest levels of correlations between the areas of compliance and the motivators occurred with cues to action. PMID- 7002512 TI - A comparison of carbohydrate metabolism after sucrose, sorbitol, and fructose meals in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - Sucrose, sorbitol, and fructose (35 g) were fed to normal and diabetic subjects as a component of a 400-calorie breakfast. In both normal and diabetic subjects, the mean peak increment in plasma glucose was highest after the sucrose meals (44.0 mg/dl for normal subjects; 78.0 mg/dl for diabetic subjects); lowest after sorbitol meals (9.3 mg/dl for normal subjects; 32.3 mg/dl for diabetic subjects); and intermediate after the fructose meals (29.0 mg/dl for normal subjects; 48.0 mg/dl for diabetic subjects). In normal subjects, the mean peak increment of plasma immunoreactive insulin followed a similar pattern, but in diabetic subjects there was no significant difference between the three groups. We conclude that fructose or sorbitol, given as part of a meal, results in lower glucose levels in both normal and diabetic subjects, but that the latter is not related to a difference in insulin release. PMID- 7002513 TI - Changes in basement membrane thickening and pulse volume concomitant with improved glucose control and exercise in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Ten patients with type I diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a program of exercise and carbohydrate "control" using self-monitored glucose determinations and self adjusted insulin. Glucose control was improved for the group, although normoglycemia was not uniformly achieved. Pulse volume measurements performed at the onset and after 8-10 mo documented a drop in systolic arm blood pressure with increases in the ankle-arm index (P < 0.001). Quadriceps biopsy was successfully performed at the beginning and after 8-10 mo for analysis of basement membrane thickening (BMT) in seven patients. Six patients showed a decrease in basement thickening on rebiopsy (P = 0.02). One patient showed increased BMT. This was the only patient to maintain a mean hemoglobin A1c of greater than 10% for the duration of the study. These observations indicate that abnormalities of BMT and pulse volume recordings may be more labile measurements than previously thought and may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. The relationship of these variables to the severe micro- and macrovascular sequelae of diabetes mellitus remains to be established. PMID- 7002516 TI - Alcohol and diabetes. PMID- 7002515 TI - Insulin treatment for the early 80s: facts and questions about old and new insulins and their usage. AB - Recent data now emphasize the importance of blood glucose control as a means of forestalling diabetic microvascular disease. As a result, attempts are being made to optimize conventional insulin therapy, and new modes of insulin delivery (e.g., pumps) are being adopted. Also, improvements in manufacturing technology have resulted in the commercial availability of porcine insulin, which is highly effective in preventing the complications of insulin therapy in those patients receiving only this material. Human insulin, produced biosynthetically in bacteria using recombinant DNA technology, is now being tested. While these developments in insulin and its administration offer great promise to the diabetic patient, many more studies will be needed to determine their absolute clinical benefits. PMID- 7002517 TI - A plethora of insulins. PMID- 7002518 TI - Association of smoking with insulin requirement and serum triglyceride level. PMID- 7002519 TI - The gram-negative bacillary pneumonias. AB - With increasing age, chronic underlying disease, and debility, the oropharyngeal flora are colonized with aerobic gram-negative bacilli. In this debilitated population, gram-negative bacillary pneumonias (GNBP) are increasingly common. GNBP account for two of every three pneumonia deaths today. As a group, the mortality of GNBP is about 50%. Although the original epidemiologic surveys were done 15 years ago, there is little evidence for an improving case fatality rate despite the appearance of aminoglycoside antibiotics, carbenicillin, and cephalosporins. In susceptible patients, GNBP pneumonias occur both in the community and as nosocomial infections. Recognition of the dangers of contaminated reservoir nebulizers or other similar devices used in inhalation therapy has led to epidemiologic measures within hospitals that have markedly decreased the incidence of this nosocomial GNBP. The role of Gram stain and culture of expectorated sputum and similar examinations of specimens obtained by transtracheal aspiration, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and lung biopsy in the diagnosis of GNBP are discussed in this review (see Criteria for Diagnosis). In the presence of pulmonary emphysema, congestive heart failure, mixed gram negative bacillary infections, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs, typical characteristics of individual GNBP may not be apparent. Typical features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Proteus, Hemophilus, and anaerobic pulmonary infections are described. Early recognition and institution of appropriate antibacterial agents are emphasized, particularly in GNBP caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, or Friedlander's bacillus, where the mortality approaches 70%. The mortality of GNBP, including Enterobacter, Proteus, Hemophilus, and anaerobic GNBP, is about 20%. The latter figure is the same as the mortality of pneumococcal pneumonia in similar patients. PMID- 7002520 TI - The decision to regain control. PMID- 7002521 TI - [Histogenetic potencies of osteocytes in deforming arthrosis]. PMID- 7002522 TI - [Ribosomal synthesis of polyleucine on a polyuridylic acid matrix in a cell-free translation system]. PMID- 7002526 TI - [Preventive lymph node excision in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7002524 TI - [Haemodynamic investigations with the new antihypertensive drug guanfacine (author's transl)]. AB - Guanfacine, a new centrally acting alpha-mimetic antihypertensive drug, was given to two groups of 7 patients each, one with essential and the other with renal hypertension. Both in the acute trial (after short-term intermittent initial blood pressure increase) and in the long-term treatment (4 weeks) lowering of blood pressure occurred, mediated via decrease of peripheral vascular resistance. In addition, support of cardiac function, especially of the afterload and possibly also the preload, was induced. This was demonstrated by results obtained after ergometric loading. PMID- 7002523 TI - [Therapy of heart failure using digitalis]. PMID- 7002525 TI - [Differential diagnosis of "sterile leukocyturia"]. PMID- 7002529 TI - Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy a comparative trial of treatment by iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex Ferastral given intramuscularly and iron dextran (Imferon) by total dose infusion. PMID- 7002528 TI - Cancer chemotherapy: new developments and changing concepts. PMID- 7002530 TI - [Teaching by using genetic stimulation]. AB - With the advent of the computer as an educational tool, new avenues have been opened in the teaching of biology. The development of instructional techniques using a variety of mathematical models has assisted and stimulated the study of genetics, particularly that of populations. This article refers to an instructional program by simulation of the genetic drift phenomenon, which enables the student to utilize results that would otherwise take a long time to observe. The authors feel that this teaching method is the only efficient way to teach the phenomenon, since its very complexity makes it very difficult to explain in the postgraduate classroom or through the conventional practical task. The program is being used in a graduate course in genetics; however it is felt that it can be applied to other health sciences fields and adopted to the levels of understanding of the students. PMID- 7002531 TI - [Metabolism and blood levels study of antidepressants: a rationale of their therapeutical use (author's transl)]. AB - The authors show with some examples the interest of pharmacokinetics for the optimization of the therapeutical use of antidepressive agents. They give some indications about bioavailabilty, metabolism and half-life of these compounds and note the importance of the individual variations. They also analyze the studies on the possible relations between the clinical response and the steady-state plasma levels of the unchanged drug and/or its active metabolite. The relation between these two parameters would be linear for imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepine, dibenzepine, and curvilinear for nortriptyline, desipramine, protriptyline, maprotiline and mianserine, especially in endogenous depression. From a previous pharmacokinetic study calculations allow to predict the steady-state plasma concentrations. The question of the side effects and drug interactions is considered. PMID- 7002532 TI - Effect of endogenous GH secretion during hyperthermic bath on glucose metabolism and insulin release in man. AB - In healthy male subjects the hyperthermic water bath (40 degrees C for 30 min) induced an increase of growth hormone (GH) level in plasma with the increment higher than 5 ng ml-1. One group of six good GH responders--with the mean increment of 10.9 +/- 1.67 ng ml-1 was given glucose per os immediately after the bath. In other experiment the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed in six good GH responders (mean increment 16.1 +/- 2.0 ng ml-1) at 90 min after the peak of GH increase. In both experiments the insulin release and glucose tolerance did not differ from the results obtained in the same group in a control isothermic water bath at 30 degrees C. It is concluded that endogenous increase of GH in healthy subjects did not affect the insulin secretion and disappearance of glucose from peripheral blood. PMID- 7002527 TI - Ticarcillin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. AB - Ticarcillin is a semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral administration. The antibacterial activity of ticarcillin is similar to that of carbenicillin except that it is two to four times more active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, generally less active against Gram-positive cocci and more active against most Gram-negative bacilli. As the pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and carbenicillin are also similar, ticarcillin should theoretically be clinically effective when administered at a lower dosage than carbenicillin. There is some evidence that ticarcillin is comparable in efficacy with carbenicillin when given in half to two-thirds the dosage, when the drugs are given in combination with an aminoglycoside and in clinical situations where these drugs are agents of choice. Ticarcillin has been used successfully in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection, pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis and bacteraemia and is effective when combined with an aminoglycoside in severe infections in patients with granulocytopenia. The efficacy in anaerobic infections is at present poorly documented, although preliminary results are promising. Tolerability has generally been good with hypokalaemia being the most frequently reported side effect. At the dosages used, bleeding and fluid overload have seldom occurred. PMID- 7002533 TI - Evaluation of the method of insulin binding studies in human erythrocytes. AB - A modified erythrocyte insulin receptor assay was developed. The major advantage of our method is the smaller amount of blood necessary for the assay and consequent simple handling in the binding assay. Three ml of blood is enough for this assay, making it possible to assess insulin receptors in a group of pediatric patients. There was a close relationship between mononuclear cells and erythrocyte insulin binding assays (r = 0.900, p < 0.05). With this method insulin binding studies were done on normal subjects and adult onset non-obese diabetics. Decreased insulin binding was seen in the diabetic group, and this was due to a decreased number of insulin receptors. This erythrocyte insulin receptor assay can be useful tool for the study of the mechanism of insulin resistance. PMID- 7002535 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine in serum and dried blood samples on filter paper. AB - A double antibody heterologous enzyme immunoassay was developed for measuring thyroxine (T4) in serum and in dried blood samples on filter paper for use in screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. In this method, ethanol extracts of 100 microliter of serum or dried blood spots of 9 mm in diameter were incubated with T4-alkaline phosphatase conjugate prepared with glutaraldehyde, and antiserum to T4-bovine serum albumin conjugate prepared with carbodiimide. The enzyme activity in the precipitates formed with second antibody was then determined photometrically at 500 nm. The measurable range of T4 was 1-32 micrograms/dl. A linear relation was obtained between the sample volume and the T4 value, and a high correlation was found between values for T4 determined by this method and those for T4 in serum determined by radioimmunoassay (coefficient of correlation: r=0.97 for serum and r=0.88 for dried blood samples). PMID- 7002534 TI - Failure of exogenous insulin to inhibit C-peptide release from the perfused rat pancreas. AB - In order to ascertain whether insulin secretion is inhibited by insulin per se, the effect of exogenous rat insulin on basal and stimulated rat C-peptide reactivity (CPR) release was studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The pancreas was perfused with a medium containing 20 or 200 ng/ml of rat insulin for a 20 min equilibration period and successively for a 25 to 30 min test period during which time glucose (300 mg/100 ml), tolbutamide (500 micrograms/ml), glucagon (500 ng/ml) or arginine (10 mM) was added as a secretagogue. The concentration of glucose in the basal medium was 60 mg/100 ml. Exogenous insulin did not significantly suppress the basal CPR secretion, nor did it cause a suppression of the peak value or incremental area of CPR while the pancreas was stimulated, but it rather augmented them. No inhibitory effect of exogenous insulin on the basal or stimulated CPR release was noticed in the present study. PMID- 7002536 TI - Investigation of insulin sensitivity in early diabetes. II. Insulin resistance in asymptomatic diabetics. AB - Thirty-eight non-obese and seven obese subjects were classified by a 2-hour glucose infusion test as having a normal carbohydrate tolerance. Sixteen non obese ad ten obese patients showed a pathological carbohydrate tolerance (asymptomatic diabetes). For the characterization of insulin sensitivity a 1-hour priming dose-constant infusion technique consisting of two 30-minute-periods was applied in all subjects. A decrease of glycemia during this insulin infusion of less than 22.5 per cent has been accepted as a criterion of insulin insensitivity. Sixty-three per cent of non-obese and seventy-eight per cent of obese asymptomatic diabetics exhibited a reduced responsiveness to insulin. There ws an inverse relationship between the per cent decrease of plasma glucose concentration and the insulin secretion pattern revealed by the glucose infusion test. The results suggest that insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of obese and non-obese asymptomatic diabetics. PMID- 7002537 TI - Adaptation of the cytohistochemical luteinizing hormone assay for measurement in bovine blood. AB - The highly sensitive cytohistochemical assay was adapted for LH measurements in peripheral blood of cattle. The reducing ability of rat theca lutein tissue exposed to bovine LH was estimated by scanning and integrating microphotometry after Prussian blue staining; we achieved a linear correlation between the logarithm of the LH concentration and the average integrated transmission values. Crossreacting and nonspecific interfering blood serum compounds were grossly removed by means of ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex-C-50 columns yielding about 77% of LH. Without chromatography there would have been increasing LH recovery with increasing LH concentrations. Also the presence of FSH either in unextracted serum or after apposition, resulted in LH overestimation due to dose related changes in the slope of the standard curve. Dilution curves of chromatographed bovine blood serum and of purified LH, hCG and PMSG were parallel. The recovery of added LH in the assay averaged 103%. The linear LH dose response curve was maximally ranging from 10 fg-10 ng purified bovine pituitary LH standard. The intra assay variation resulted as 18.8 +/- 6.9%, the interassay variation as 4.6 +/- 4.7% (x(-) +/- SD). The LH pattern in purified bovine serum during the oestrous cycle and after administration of GnRH shows a close correlation whether measured by means of radioimmunoassay or cytohistochemical assay. The surge RIA-LH values are similar to the cytohistochemically measured ones, but the basal cytohistochemical LH levels are consistently lower (35-430 pg/ml compared to 0.8-2.1 ng/ml by RIA). These results give no indication for a different biological and immunological LH activity in bovine blood. PMID- 7002538 TI - LHRH incorporation in normal and denervated pineal gland, and in pineal gland of rats with constant estrous-anovulatory syndrome: a preliminary study. AB - Pineal gland and superior sympathetic cervical ganglia accumulated intravenously injected 3H-LHRH in an amount significantly higher than anterior and posterior hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and pituitary gland, the latter a specific target for LHRH. The prior administration of unlabelled LHRH significantly decreased the 3H-LHRH incorporation only in pineal and pituitary gland. Autoradiography showed that the radiolabel was localized at the level of the pinealocytes, with a seemingly, prevalent distribution of grains on the cellular contours. Pineal incorporation of LHRH was not significantly modified by either acute or chronic bilateral cervical ganglionectomy, although acute ganglionectomy resulted in a slight decrease in LHRH accumulation by pineal gland. Constant estrous anovulatory syndromes induced by either frontal hypothalamic deafferentation, or continuous illumination, or neonatal androgenization did not appear to modify the LHRH incorporation in either pineal gland or cervical ganglia. On the basis of these results, pineal gland is supposed to be a target organ for LHRH. PMID- 7002539 TI - Electron-microscopical investigations on adenohypophyses in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) before manifestation of diabetes mellitus). AB - The experiments have been carried out on the adenohypophyses of 20 sand rats (6 so called protodiabetic, 6 diabetic animals and 8 animals as control group). Of those cell types known in hypophyses alpha-(STH-)cells, prolactin (LTH-)cells, beta-(FSH-) cells, gamma-(LH-)cells and delta-(TSH-)cells were shown to exist in the hypophyses of the control group. -- The size of the granula of these cell types in the sand rats also corresponds to the values known from other rodents. A reduction of granular density could be noticed in the alpha-cells of the so called protodiabetic group as well as in the prolactin cells. The Golgi apparatus is prominent, and the mitochondria have grown and multiplied. The other cell types show no peculiarities. Changes were also found in the alpha- and prolactin cells of the diabetic group: The granula are diminished very much (more in the prolactin cells than in the alpha-cells), the ergastoplasm is much increased and has dense colonies of ribosomes. The Golgi apparatus is highly developed. These experiments prove ultrastructural changes in the cell types of the adenohypophyses not only in the state of a mellitus-like syndrome in sand rats but also during adaptation to laboratory holding of these animals. It is suggested that during adaptation to laboratory holding in a state of pronounced increase of body weight and in the state of a mellitus-like syndrome in sand rats the alpha-cells of the adenohypophyses are stimulated as well as the prolactin cells. PMID- 7002540 TI - Alcohol and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7002541 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumonia]. PMID- 7002542 TI - [Aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)]. PMID- 7002543 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia - an overview]. PMID- 7002544 TI - The oxygen transport and storage proteins of invertebrates. PMID- 7002545 TI - Liposomes--bags of potential. PMID- 7002546 TI - Antigenic relationships between pore proteins of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Antisera were raised against the purified Escherichia coli K12 outer membrane proteins ompA-, ompC- and ompF proteins and protein e. Several immunological methods were used to investigate the specificity of the antisera and the immunological relationship between the major outer membrane proteins. Although the antisera had been raised against highly purified proteins, several of them contained activity against lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein due to minor impurities in the immunogens. The three general porins ompF protein, ompC protein and protein e were shown to be cross-reactive. Anti-(ompA protein) serum only reacted with the homologous protein. None of these antisera reacted with the phage lambda receptor protein or with protein III. Pore protein preparations isolated from Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloaceae and Proteus mirabilis were found to be structurally related to the E. coli K12 porins as they reacted with the antisera raised against E. coli K12 porins. PMID- 7002547 TI - The histones of yeast. The isolation and partial structure of the core histones. AB - The four core histones of yeast chromatin have been isolated. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility and partial sequences identify one variant each of the histones H3 and H4, whereas the histones H2A and H2B are represented by two variants each. In the yeast histones H3 and H4 7% of the residues, positioned in the partial sequences vary if compared with the corresponding histones from higher plants and animals, for the histones H2A and H2B from yeast this figure is 20%. PMID- 7002548 TI - Effect of membrane cholesterol on action of phospholipase A2 in Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri. Evidence for lysophospholipase activity. AB - Cells of Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri grown in a medium containing 10 micrograms/ml cholesterol (native organisms) or in cholesterol-free medium (adapted organisms) were treated with phospholipase A2. Hydrolysis of polar lipids (phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol) only occurred in the adapted cells. Cholesterol replenishment of the membranes of these adapted cells in vitro which involves an increase from 7 micrograms to 66 micrograms cholesterol/mg membrane protein, completely abolished hydrolysis of polar lipid pools by phospholipase A2. This suggests that cholesterol incorporated either during growth or under conditions in vitro has an identical disposition and function in the membrane. This observation further indicates that cholesterol incorporation in M. mycoides var. Capri can be explained in terms of a simple physical adsorption process. Polar-lipid breakdown products resulting from phospholipase A2 action on intact cells, isolated membranes and lipids extracted from adapted organisms were analyzed. In experiments with intact cells [14C]oleic lysoderivatives but not [3H]palmitic lysoderivatives are accumulated within the membranes. In membrane preparations, again only [14C]oleic lysoderivatives are accumulated but transiently. Finally, both [14C]oleic and [3H]palmitic lysoderivatives were produced in phosphatidylglycerol-diphosphatidylglycerol liposomal preparations. From these results it can be concluded that: (a) 80% of the phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol have an unusual positional distribution of their fatty acid (unsaturated oleic acid in position 1) and (b) membranes of M. mycoides var. Capri contain an active lysophospholipase which more efficiently hydrolyzes palmitic-acid-containing lysoderivatives. PMID- 7002549 TI - Identification of proteolytic activities in the cytosolic compartment of mature human erythrocytes. AB - Individual lysates from human erythrocyte suspensions, completely deprived of leucocytes and were assayed for a number of proteolytic activities using both naturally occurring and synthetic substrates. Removal of hemoglobin by batchwise DEAE-cellulose chromatography did not modify the complement of the various proteolytic activities which were then fractionated by means of chromatography on a column of DEAE-cellulose, followed by conventional techniques such as gel chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. This procedure allowed a number of proteinases to be identified in the erythrocyte cytosol while providing a tool for their selective though partial separation. The following peptidases were found to be present in the soluble fraction of mature human erythrocytes: (a) a neutral endopeptidase having an approximate molecular weight of 110 000; (b) three acidic endopeptidases, with pH optima between 2.5 and 3.5, showing molecular and functional properties almost identical with those of the three proteinases previously purified from solubilized erythrocyte membranes [Pontremoli et al. (1979) Biochem. J. 181, 559--568]; (c) two dipeptidylaminopeptidases whose molecular weights are around 80 000 and tentatively identified as dipeptidyl aminopeptidases II and III, respectively, on the basis of their substrate specificities and pH optima; (d) presumably two aminopeptidases, having an approximate molecular weight of 80 000 and classified as an aminopeptidase with broad substrate specificity and an aminopeptidase B, respectively. No evidence for any carboxypeptidase activity was found in the cytosolic compartment of mature human erythrocytes. PMID- 7002550 TI - Stereochemistry of valine biosynthesis. Configuration of the product of rearrangement of alpha-acetolactate. AB - When alpha-aceto[1,3,5-13C3]lactate (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo[1,3,5 13C3]butanoate) was incubated with a cell-free system prepared from Salmonella typhimurium, the valine produced was labelled in the C-4 pro-S position. This result proves that during the tertiary ketol rearrangement catalysed by the reductoisomerase of the isoleucine-valine pathway, the methyl group transfer is to the re face of the trigonal centre at C-3 of alpha-acetolactate. PMID- 7002551 TI - Synthesis of a new reagent, ethyl 4-azidobenzoylaminoacetimidate, and its use for RNA-protein cross-linking within Escherichia coli ribosomal 30-S subunits. AB - A new reagent, ethyl 4-azidobenzoylaminoacetimidate, was prepared in a four-step synthesis starting from 4-aminobenzoic acid. This compound was used to cross-link RNA with proteins within the Escherichia coli 30-S ribosomal subunits. Following the reaction of the imidoester function with protein NH2 groups, photoactivation of the azide binds the other end of the reagent to RNA. The cross-linked proteins were labelled with 125I and identified by bidimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins S3, S4, S5, S7, S9, S17, S18, and in a lower and more variable yield, S12, S13, S14 and S16 were bound to 16-S RNA. These results were confirmed by isolating cross-linked protein-oligonucleotide complexes from 30-S subunits containing 32P-labelled RNA. PMID- 7002553 TI - A switch from translational control to transcriptional control of protein synthesis in mid-exponential growth phase of bacterial cultures. Specific radioimmune labelling of ribitol-dehydrogenase-synthesising polysomes from Klebsiella aerogenes in the presence of heparin. AB - 1. We present evidence suggesting a sudden switch from translational control to transcriptional control of protein synthesis in mid-exponential growth of bacterial batch cultures. At a critical cell density a switch from large to small polysomes occurs during a short period of exponential growth. The profile of specific polysomes engaged in synthesis of a constitutive enzyme, ribitol dehydrogenase, changes at the same point but in an opposite way: a linear profile peaking at monosomes changes to a dome-shaped profile peaking at about 15 ribosomes/mRNA, which persists into late exponential phase despite a gradual reduction in the total polysome population. The switch in the pattern of protein synthesis is exhibited dramatically by changes in the specific activity or ribitol dehydrogenase in cell extracts at different stages of batch culture. In early exponential phase the specific activity of the enzyme is constant, but it begins to rise suddenly, at the same point at which the polysome profiles change, and continues to increase up to the end of exponential phase. This effect is exhibited by the strains of Klebsiella aerogenes that are inducible for (in the presence of the inducer), consitutive for, or superproducers of ribitol dehydrogenase, and it appears to be unrelated to catabolite repression. 2. The above results depend on improved techniques for production of large amounts of bacterial polysomes and the ability to label nascent peptides attached to polysomes very specifically with radioactive antibody to ribitol dehydrogenase. Our success was due to the observation that sodium heparin completely abolishes non-specific interactions of the antibody with the polysomes. PMID- 7002552 TI - On the renaturation of ribosomal protein L11. AB - When urea-denatured preparations of protein L11 from the ribosome of Escherichia coli are introduced into physiological buffers, two completely different configurations can be obtained. One form, by NMR criteria, shows little evidence of stable tertiary interactions; the other shows strong indications of a distinctive folding pattern. The configuration obtained depends on minor details of the method used for returning samples to non-denaturing conditions. PMID- 7002554 TI - Functional recognition of phage RNA by 30-S ribosomal subunits in the absence of initiator tRNA. AB - 30-S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli form a stable complex with MS2 RNA or Q beta RNA at 37 degrees C in the absence of initiator tRNA. The complex functions as a precursor of initiation since it can enter the ribosome cycle in the presence of inhibitors of de novo initiation. PMID- 7002555 TI - Role of 16-S RNA in ribosome messenger recognition. AB - The deoxyoctanuclotide (5'-3')d(A-A-G-G-A-G-G-T), which is complementary to the 3' end of 16-S RNA, inhibits the formation of the complex between the 30-S subunit and MS2 RNA described in the preceding paper. If the complex is preformed, the octanucleotide cannot prevent entry of the complex into the ribosome cycle upon supplementation with the components for protein synthesis. The subunit . MS2-RNA complex is unable to bind the octanucleotide. It is concluded that in the subunit . phage-RNA initiation precursor the 16-S terminus is base-paired with a complementary MS2 RNA sequence. Edeine, aurintricarboxylic acid and antibodies against ribosomal protein S1 prevent the association of phage RNA with 30-S subunits. These compounds do not, however, inhibit the binding of (5'-3')d(A-A-G-G-A-G-G-T) to 3-S subunits. It is concluded that formation of the complex between MS2 RNA and 30-S subunits does not depend solely on the Shine and Dalgarno base-paring reaction. PMID- 7002556 TI - Cytochrome b-565 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of mutants in the cob-box region of the mitochondrial DNA to study the functional role of this spectral species of cytochrome b. 1. Measurements of cytochromes b-562 and b-565 and selection of revertants devoid of cytochrome b-565. AB - In order to study the functional role of the spectral species of cytochrome b-565 observed in mitochondria, genetically manipulated strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used. Strains have been found which are devoid of cytochrome b-565 under certain conditions and which nevertheless are able to grow on a respirable substrate. Two different methods have been used to determine the cytochrome b-565 content: anaerobic titrations and antimycin-A-induced reduction of cytochrome b-565. Both yield the same results. PMID- 7002557 TI - Cytochrome b-565 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of mutants in the cob- box region of the mitochondrial DNA to study the functional role of this spectral species of cytochrome b. 2. Relationship between energetic data and cytochrome b 565 content. AB - A wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and temperature-dependent revertants of isonuclear box mutants partially or completely devoid of cytocheomr b-565, were used to study the role of this cytochrome in oxidative phosphorylation. At the mitochondrial level, the phosphorylating data and the succinate oxidase activity at three different temperatures (16 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 36 degrees C) were measured in these strains showing various cytochrome b-565 contents. It is concluded that this cytochrome b-565 is not in the main pathway of the electron transfer chain. At the optimum growth temperature (28 degrees C), the measurements of the P/O ratio for the wild phenotype strains, with ethanol as substrate, led to the conclusions that two phosphorylation sites of the respiratory chain are functional in these strains. The growth yields for wild phenotype strains and revertants grown in vivo in complex media, with ethanol or galactose as the energy source (at 16 degrees C, 28 degress C and 36 degrees C), were compared with the cytochrome b-565 content. The growth yields showed small variations if compared to the reference strain, when the cytochrome b-565 content was greatly diminished or absent. Thus the ATP production at side II is independent of the cytochrome b-565 content. Cytochrome b-565 does not play an essential role in oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7002562 TI - In vitro consequences of sperm--somatic cell interactions. PMID- 7002559 TI - Evidence for the synthesis of a somatomedin similar to insulin-like growth factor I by chick embryo liver cells. AB - Chick embryo liver cells were incubated in serum-free and hormone-free medium and shown to produce a mitogen starting after the first day in culture. This mitogen was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography and identified by several assay systems as a somatomedin similar to human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). This somatomedin stimulates thymidine incorporation into DNA of chick fibroblasts, it reacts in an IGF-specific protein binding assay and it cross-reacts immunologically with antibodies prepared against human IGF-I, but not with those against IGF-II. Its behaviour on ion-exchange chromatography and on sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is indistinguishable from that of authentic human IGF-I. Concomitantly with the mitogenic activity, chick liver cells produce IGF-binding protein. Addition of purified human IGF-I to the liver cells inhibits production of the binding protein. Chick liver cells may thus be used to study synthesis and regulation of IGF and its binding protein. PMID- 7002560 TI - Stepwise cleavage of the pro part of promelittin by dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Evidence for a new type of precursor--product conversion. AB - Melittin, the main constituent of honeybee venom, is derived from promelittin. In the amino acid sequence of the 'pro' region of this precursor, every second residue is either proline or alanine. The possibility has been investigated that activation of promellitin might proceed via sequential liberation of dipeptides catalyzed by a dipeptidylpeptidase IV. As substrates we used promelittin isolated from queen bees fed with radioactive proline, and enzymatic fragments of prepromelittin which contained the entire pro part and the NH2-terminal hexapeptide of melittin. It could first be demonstrated that pig kidney of dipeptidyleptides catalyzed by a dipeptidylpeptidase IV. As substrates we used promelittin isolated from queen bees fed with radioactive proline, and enzymatic fragments of prepromelittin which contained the entire pro part and the NH2 terminal hexapeptide of melittin. It could first be demonstrated that pig kidney of dipeptidylpeptidase IV releases dipeptides from the pro part. An enzyme of this type could then be detected in extracts from venom glands of q bees, which also contain a dipeptidase. After inhibiting the latter enzyme with mersalyl, a stepwise cleavage of dipeptides, starting at the amino end of the pro region could be demonstrated. This hydrolysis did not proceed into the melittin sequence. Furthermore, fragments with an extra residue at the amino end, which therefore had the wrong 'reading frame' for the dipeptidylpeptidase, were not hydrolyzed. With intact promelittin as substrate the rate of hydrolysis was always lower than with the fragments. The results presented in this paper suggest a new type of precursor-product conversion proceeding via stepwise cleavage of dipeptide units. Our experimental evidence also ascribes a biological function to a dipeptidylpeptidase IV, a type of enzyme widely distributed in animals tissues. The evidence, that the observed reaction in vitro reflects the mechanism of promelittin activation in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7002558 TI - Sulfhydryl reagents prevent dephosphorylation and proteolysis of histones in isolated HeLa metaphase chromosomes. AB - It has been shown by D'Anna et al. [Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 3195-3207 (1978)] that histones H1 and H3, which are highly phosphorylated during mitosis in mammalian cells, become rapidly dephosphorylated during conventional metaphase chromosome isolation procedures. We show here that this dephosphorylation can be completely prevented by including sulfhydryl reagents, such as p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate or 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate), in the chromosome isolation buffers. These reagents also efficiently inhibit the endogenous proteases present in isolated HeLa chromosomes and nuclei. PMID- 7002561 TI - Generation of an electrochemical proton gradient by lactate efflux in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - The 'energy-recycling model' [Michels et al. (1979) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 5, 357 364] postulates the generation of an electrochemical gradient across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by carrier-mediated efflux of metabolic endproducts in symport with protons. Experimental evidence for this model is presented. In membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli ML 308-255 L-lactate translocation (both uptake and efflux) is carrier-mediated. The H+/L-lactate stoichiometry varies, depending on the external pH, between 1 and 2. This change in stoichiometry is most likely the result of a protonation of the lactate carrier protein. This process has a pK of 6.75. L-Lactate efflux from membrane vesicles, loaded with 50 mM potassium L-lactate, results at an external pH of 6.6 in an 11-fold accumulation of proline inside the vesicles. This accumulation is completely inhibited by the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. The uptake of proline is not the result of a potassium or an osmotic gradient. At an external pH of 6.6 efflux of L-lactate from the vesicles leads to the generation of an electrical potential across the membrane of -55 mV, as is demonstrated from the accumulation of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium. PMID- 7002563 TI - Noninvasive assessment of the cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) in man. AB - The cardiovascular actions of prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in a double blind, randomised, balanced study. Six healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions of PGI2 in a range of doses up to 4 ng/kg per min, which is the lowest dose which consistently inhibits platelet aggregation. Measurements of systolic time intervals, peak normalised first derivative of the apexcardiogram, high speed surface electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure were made during each infusion. PGI2 caused dose-related decreases in diastolic blood pressure, preejection period and QS2 index, and an increase in heart rate. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection time index, the peak normalised first derivative of the apexcardiogram, and PR interval, QRS duration, QT index and T wave amplitude were unchanged. Facial flushing was seen in all subjects at PGI2 4 ng/kg per min. These results suggest that PGI2 has an important arteriolar vasodilator action, but do not exclude a minor direct effect on contractility. PMID- 7002565 TI - Influence of food intake on the absorption and effect of glipizide in diabetics and in healthy subjects. AB - The influence of a standardized breakfast on the single dose (5 mg) kinetics and effects of glipizide was examined in 9 healthy volunteers and in 14 diabetics not previously exposed to a sulfonylurea. In the volunteers, glipizide caused an increase in plasma insulin and a reduction in blood glucose both during continued fasting and when the drug was taken with the breakfast. Food intake did not influence the peak concentration, the elimination half-life or the bioavailability of the drug. However, food intake significantly delayed the absorption of glipizide by about 0.5 h. In the patients. glipizide produced a significant increase in plasma glucose in response to the meal. Starting at breakfast and for 45 min thereafter serum glipizide concentrations were significantly higher when the drug was taken 0.5 h before the meal, than when ingested concurrently with it. With the former treatment, the increase in plasma insulin occurred earlier and the blood glucose reduction was pronouncedly greater than with the latter treatment. As the absorption of glipizide may be delayed by concurrent breakfast, this may help to explain, why the administration of glipizide 0.5 h before breakfast led to a more appropriate relation between the serum concentration of the drug and the metabolic impact of the meal, thereby promoting more appropriate insulin release and better glucose disposition than after concurrent intake of the drug and breakfast. PMID- 7002564 TI - Influence of dobutamine and dopamine on hemodynamics and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and renin in patients with low cardiac output following acute myocardial infarction. AB - The comparative hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and dopamine were studied in 6 patients with low cardiac output resulting from acute myocardial infarction. Plasma levels of noradrenaline and renin were measured before and during a 5 microgram/kg/min infusion of each of the drugs. Dobutamine had a more pronounced chronotropic effect, increased the systolic arterial pressure more and decreased the systemic vascular resistance less than dopamine at doses which had comparable effects on cardiac output. Dobutamine stimulated renin release, which might partly be the cause of the increased systolic arterial pressure. The drug reduced the plasma level of noradrenaline, which might be explained as a reflex reduction in sympathetic tone. Dopamine, however, did not stimulate renin release but it did enhance the plasma level of noradrenaline, which might be due mainly to the release of endogenous noradrenaline. PMID- 7002566 TI - Effects of two angiotensin II analogues on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity and creatinine clearance in normal subjects on different sodium intakes. AB - Two angiotensin II analogues (AIIA), 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II ([Sar, Ile]-AII) and 1-sarcosine, 8-alanine angiotensin II ([Sar, Ala]-AII), were infused in six normal volunteers on high, regular and low sodium diets. The agonist and antagonist activities of these AIIA on blood pressure (BP), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), creatinine clearance and plasma renin activity were examined. Both AIIA had agonistic pressor activities in subjects on high and regular sodium diets, [Sar, Ile]-AII being more potent than [Sar, Ala]-AII. Both AIIA caused similar elevation of PAC in subjects on high and regular sodium diets, and an equally fall in PAC in subjects on a low sodium diet. Both AIIA strongly antagonized the rise in BP, the increase in PAC and the reduction of Ccr induced by AII administration in subjects on all three sodium diets. The results indicate that both AIIA can be used to examine the activity of the renin angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, and they also suggest that AII interaction with its receptors differs in different target tissues. PMID- 7002569 TI - Impairment of insulin secretion in man by nifedipine. AB - The effect of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, on carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion was evaluated in patients who required treatment with this drug. 20 subjects underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g), one under basal conditions, and the other after ten days of treatment with nifedipine 30 mg/day by mouth, in three divided doses. 10 subjects had normal glucose tolerance; in them nifedipine administration reduced the insulin response to oral glucose in the first 60 min, but improved glucose tolerance. The other 10 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance and nifedipine treatment resulted in a further reduction both of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. No such effects were seen in the placebo (weight- and disease-matched) group. The mechanism by which nifedipine influences carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion is discussed. PMID- 7002568 TI - Antihypertensive and renal effects of orally administered verapamil. AB - In 12 in-patients with moderate uncomplicated hypertension, maintained on constant sodium intake for 15 days, single-blind oral administration of verapamil 80-160 mg t.i.d. for 10 days had a significant antihypertensive effect: in the supine position systolic blood pressure decreased from 177 +/- 5 to 150 +/- 3 mmHg, and diastolic pressure from 111 +/- 3 to 96 +/- 2 mmHg; standing values were similarly lowered from 171 +/- 7 to 143 +/- 4 mmHg, systolic, and from 118 +/- 4 to 97 +/- 2 mmHg, diastolic. The heart rate did not show any significant change (from 79 +/- 3 to 77 +/- 2 beats/min, supine, and from 92 +/- 3 to 87 +/- 3 beats/min, upright). The antihypertensive effect was uniform throughout the day, being similar 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after administration of a dose. Dynamic exercise (75-100 watts on a cycle-ergometer) caused identical increases in arterial pressure and heart rate on the last day of placebo and again on the last day with verapamil, but the peak levels of systolic pressure reached during exercise were lower after verapamil than with placebo, because of the lower blood pressure before exercise. Reduction of arterial pressure by verapamil was not accompanied by increased plasma renin activity, or by renal retention of sodium and water: there was a small increase in sodium excretion, at least during the first days of verapamil administration (from 107 +/- 15 to 113 +/- 15 mEq Na+/day), and a slight significant reduction in body weight (from 74.2 +/- 3.7 to 73.5 +/- 3.7 kg). It is concluded that oral administration of verapamil significantly lowers blood pressure without simultaneously inducing cardiac stimulation, renin secretion or salt and water retention. PMID- 7002570 TI - Release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by veratrine in a hypothalamic pituitary coincubation. AB - The effects of veratrine and veratridine on the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from incubations of pituitary alone, hypothalamus alone, and coincubations of hypothalamus and pituitary were examined. Veratrine produced only small increases in LH secretion from pituitaries alone relative to that produced by exogenous GnRH. Veratrine caused a calcium-dependent release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. When a pituitary and hypothalamus were coincubated veratrine produced increases in LH secretion that were much larger than its direct pituitary effects. Veratridine also produced large increases in the release of GnRH and LH from hypothalamic-pituitary coincubations. The direct effect of veratridine on pituitary LH release, however, was greater than that of veratrine. The results indicate that veratrine is capable of releasing hypothalamic GnRH with relatively small direct effects on pituitary LH secretion. Hypothalamic-pituitary coincubations coupled with veratrine depolarization may be quite useful for studying hypothalamus factors controlling pituitary hormone release. PMID- 7002567 TI - Time-course of the anti-hypertensive action of atenolol: comparison of response to first dose and to maintained oral administration. AB - To show whether repeated administration of atenolol for several days would influence its pharmacokinetic parameters and the extent and duration of the pharmacologic responses, the plasma level of atenolol and changes in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma renin activity were measured in 12 hypertensive patients at various times of day (9 a. m., 12 noon, 3 p. m. and 7 p. m.) after oral administration of the first dose of atenolol 100 mg, again during the 7th and 14th days of continued once-daily administration of the same dose, and finally during the three days following withdrawal of the drug. The peak plasma concentration of atenolol (about 600 ng/ml) was found 3 h after administration of the first dose, and measurable amounts (50-70 ng/ml) were found after 24 h. None of the pharmacokinetic characteristics were changed by administration of a single daily dose for two weeks. After withdrawal of the drug, detectable amounts of atenolol were found in plasma for at least 48 h. The first dose of atenolol caused prompt (3 h) and prolonged (up to 24 h) lowering of supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures, slowing of supine and standing heart rate, reduction of the blood pressure and heart rate responses to dynamic exercise, and a decrease in plasma renin activity. The extent and time-course of all these responses were not influenced by repeated once-daily administration of the 100 mg dose for two weeks. Most of the effects continued during the withdrawal days, the lowering of blood pressure being somewhat more prolonged than the slowing of heart rate. It is concluded that a once-daily dose of atenolol 100 mg decreases blood pressure and heart rate throughout the following 24 h, without excessive daily fluctuation in its effects, and without signs of tolerance or accumulation. PMID- 7002571 TI - Pulmonary nocardiosis. A report of eight cases. AB - Eight cases of pulmonary nocardiosis are reported. Nocardia species were isolated and identified in five cases while the aetiological agents could not be isolated in three cases. Four isolates were identified as N. asteroides and one as N. brasilienisis. Candida infection was associated in three cases. Six cases were found in the 40-60 year age group while two patients were children. PMID- 7002573 TI - The pathogenesis of pleural plaques and pulmonary asbestosis: possibilities and impossibilities. AB - None of the various existing theories on the pathogenesis of pleura plaques (PP) is able to explain their peculiarities. Knowledge of physiology of the lung and pleura and in particular its lymphatic system as well as cellular activities when the cells are exposed to asbestos is necessary when discussing these problems. Short asbestos fibres when phagocytosed by macrophages will activate these cells to produce various substances, among them a factor that will stimulate fibroblasts to produce more collagen. Some of the small fibres will spread towards the visceral pleura of the lung, just like all inhaled dusts. Once in the visceral pleura, some of them will penetrate to the pleural space. There, they will follow the normal lymph flow from the pleural space, which is exclusively through the parietal pleura. Finally, in passing through the parietal pleura, a portion will remain in macrophages there, causing a low-grade stimulation of the submesothelial fibroblasts. After some decades, this will result in visible PP. PMID- 7002572 TI - Evaluation of onset of bronchodilating effect by interruption of the air flow method. AB - The speed of onset of the bronchodilating effect of ibuterol, a derivative of terbutaline, was measured by the method of air flow interruptions, which enables an almost continuous study of lung resistance before and after the administration of a bronchodilator. In the double-blind comparison between ibuterol and placebo, the onset of action of the new beta 2-agonist has been shown to take place within 30-45 sec. This indicates that ibuterol is a bronchodilator with rapid onset of action. PMID- 7002574 TI - A comparison between inhaled clenbuterol and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis with reversible airway obstruction. AB - Twenty-one patients with chronic bronchitis and reversible airway obstruction participated in two single-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies in inhaled clenbuterol - a new bronchodilator - and salbutamol. Nine patients participated in a dose-response study. Clenbuterol 10 microgram/puff, salbutamol 100 microgram/puff and placebo, were given by pressurized aerosol in cumulative doses of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 inhalations of each drug and placebo. The mean peak % FEV1 increases above the baseline were similar after all doses of clenbuterol and salbutamol and were significantly greater than after placebo. No cardiovascular effects were observed. Tremors were noted in two patients after 160 microgram clenbuterol and in one patient after 1600 microgram salbutamol. In a second study, clenbuterol (20 microgram), salbutamol (200 microgram) - two equieffective doses - and placebo were compared in a 6 h period in 12 patients. Clenbuterol and salbutamol produced bronchodilation of comparable magnitude, onset of action (15 min) and duration (4-6 h). Clenbuterol is an effective bronchodilator and, on the basis of molecular weight, about ten times more potent than salbutamol when given by aerosol. PMID- 7002575 TI - Budesonide: a new corticosteroid in bronchial asthma. AB - The time course of response to budesonide in a dose of 1000 microgram administered by inhalation, 800 microgram given by the oral route, and 40 microgram prednisolone administered orally, has been investigated in 12 patients suffering from chronic bronchial asthma. Budesonide is an epimeric mixture of a non-halogenated glucocorticoid, 16 alpha, 17 alpha-(22R,S) propylmethylenedioxypregna-1,4-diene-11 beta, 21-diol-3,20-dione. Inhaled budesonide and prednisolone produced a statistically significant increase in PEF 2 h after being administered. The peak effect appeared to occur between 6 and 7 h after budesonide inhalation and about 9 h following prednisolone. When given orally, budesonide failed to produce any substantial changes in PEF. PMID- 7002576 TI - Avoidance of adverse effects during chronic therapy with theophylline. AB - Recent definition of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline and readily available, specific assays have increased the therapeutic benefits from this drug while decreasing the risk of toxicity. Once familiarity is achieved with the various factors that alter clearance, such as age, smoking habits, physiological abnormalities, and concurrent drug therapy, initial dosage can be appropriately individualized. Careful product selection, the slow progressive titration of dose over nine days, and the accurate measurement and interpretation of serum theophylline concentration prevent adverse effects and interactions. However, long-term therapy with theophylline should probably be avoided when other alternatives are available in patients with cor pulmonale, liver dysfunction, cardiac decompensation, migraine headaches, and seizure disorders. PMID- 7002577 TI - Extrapulmonary effects of theophylline. AB - The phamacodynamics of theophylline including cardiovascular and renal effects, effects on the CNS, gastrointestinal tract and uterus and the metabolic actions of the drug are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the clinical consequences of these effects. PMID- 7002578 TI - Specific methods for theophylline assay in biological samples. AB - The objective of monitoring theophylline plasma levels in therapeutic work is well established, and the consequences of using unspecific analytical methods are obvious. For the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters, concentrations far below the therapeutic range must often be measured. Interferences acceptable in therapeutic monitoring of theophylline could cause severe inaccuracy at these drug levels. The term specificity and its meaning are discussed in general and in relation to the different steps of the analytical procedure (e.g., sampling and sample work-up). Different analytical methods for theophylline are discussed in terms of specificity. Plasma concentrations of paraxanthine (1,7 dimethylxanthine)--a metabolite of caffeine--as high as 3 microgram/ml have been observed, and the compound can interfere in various theophylline assay methods. An example is given of the pharmacokinetic consequences. PMID- 7002579 TI - Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. PMID- 7002580 TI - Some pharmacological aspects of xanthines in asthma. AB - Xanthines, best represented by theophylline, constitute a pharmacological principle of considerable age and importance in the treatment of asthma. Historical aspects of xanthines, effects of these compounds in the lung, and xanthine drug research are briefly reviewed. Data are presented on the active metabolite of theophylline, on relaxant effects of theophylline in large and small human respiratory airways, and on anti-edema effects of theophylline. PMID- 7002581 TI - Ethanol-induced changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in fed and fasted rats. AB - Orally administered ethanol produced dose-related suppression of IRI levels and elevation of IRG levels in fed and fasting rats. Plasma glucose levels were unaffected in the fasting rats, but a moderate hyperglycemic response accompanied the decline in IRI and the rise in IRG observed in the fed rats. PMID- 7002582 TI - Active transport of [32P]thiamine diphosphate in Escherichia coli. AB - Active uptake of [32P]thiamine diphosphate by E. coli was analyzed using an improved method of gel filtration chromatography. The radioactive coenzyme was accumulated without dephosphorylation. From this result it was concluded that thiamine kinase is not involved in the membrane transport of thiamine in E. coli. PMID- 7002583 TI - New data on the precise location of the lacrimo-muconasal nucleus of the rat. AB - Three methods (axonal degeneration, retrograde labelling with HRP and Golgi's silver impregnation) were used in the identification of a group of cells located in the ventrolateral part of the reticular formation of the pons, which are postulated to form the lacrimo-muconasal nucleus of the rat. PMID- 7002584 TI - A selective concentration-dependent dysrhythmogenic and antidysrhythmic action of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and I2 (prostacyclin) on isolated rat hearts. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) E2, F2 alpha and I2 were examined for their effects on the electrical and mechanical activities of isolated rat, rabbit and guinea-pig hearts. All PGs produced dysrhythmias in rat hearts at low concentrations only, while higher concentrations were antiarrhythmic. Guinea-pig hearts were less responsive while rabbit hearts were completely resistant. PMID- 7002586 TI - Dietary fats and oils in human nutrition. Report of an Expert Consultation jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization held in Rome, 21-30 September 1977. PMID- 7002585 TI - The Hyde Amendment and the future. PMID- 7002587 TI - [Pharmacological study of the new Soviet antidepressant, inkazan]. PMID- 7002588 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of the residual effects of the soporific action of sodium oxybutyrate]. PMID- 7002589 TI - [Influence of GABA-ergic substances on the effects of caudate nucleus stimulation and fenamin stereotyping in cats]. AB - Arrest reaction, circling, cortical spindles induced by electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus and stereotypy behaviour provoked by threshold doses of amphetamine were recorded in chronic experiments on cats. Sodium hydroxybutyrate and phenibut facilitated motor arrest, while qammalon did not exhibit such an effect. All the substances markedly decreased thresholds of cortical caudate induced spindles. In contradistinction to gammalon, sodium hydroxybutyrate and phenibut weakened stereotypy behaviour at the same doses of amphetamine that were used in controls, and also interfered with an inhibitory effect of the psychostimulant on the reactions induced by stimulation of the caudate nucleus. It is suggested that the drugs while dopaminergic mechanisms of the neostriatum. PMID- 7002590 TI - [Pharmacological properties of sidnocarb analogs]. AB - It was shown in experiments on mice and rats that increased hydrophobic properties of the phenylcarbomoyl radical to sydnocarb attained by introduction of halogens of trifluoromethylene in the benzene ring is conducive to the production of compounds that are similar to sydnocarb by the spectrum of the central stimulant action but are 2--4 times more active. In contradistinction to phenamine and its analogues the replacement of beta-phenylisopropyl chain by beta phenylethyl one is not followed by an abrupt decrease in the activity in the series of compounds tested. PMID- 7002591 TI - [Tranquilizing activity of adamantane derivatives]. AB - It was established in experiments on mice and rats carried out according to conventional procedures that 13 adamantane derivatives have a greater tranquilizing activity than amantadine, 3-bromadamantoyl-1 diazomethane exerting a stronger effect than trioxazin. Two adamantane derivatives were found to have an anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 7002592 TI - [Influence of morphine and reserpine on the experimental effect of electrostimulation of biologically active points]. AB - In experiments on unanesthetized cats, electric stimulation of biologically active points (BAP) led to a prolonged facilitation of the amplitude of brain cortex evoked potentials. Morphine (2--2.5 mg/kg) produced unidirectional changes (with respect to electric stimulation) in the electrophysiological indices. Reserpine (5 mg/kg) shortened the period of the effect induced by electric stimulation of BAP during complete depletion of the brain monoamine pool. It is suggested that variation in the balance of brain biogenic amines is of certain importance for, rather than determines the realization of the effect of BAP electric stimulation. PMID- 7002593 TI - [Effect of Anabasis aphylla alkaloids on the development of compensatory adrenal cortical hypertrophy]. PMID- 7002594 TI - [Role of age in the process of the development of experimental alcoholism in rats of both sexes]. AB - It has been shown that under free access to liquids 8% ethanol preference to water is developed more rapidly in sexually immature females and more slowly in sexually immature males as compared to sexually mature rats of the respective sex. Sexually immature animals of both sexes are involved simultaneously in the process of alcoholization. In sexually mature animals the degree of ethanol preference to water measured in grams of consumed alcohol per 1 kg body weight is 2--3 times greater than that in sexually mature ones and decreases with age. In sexually immature animals of both sexes the degree of ethanol preference in females significantly exceeds that in males at the onset of preference development while in sexually mature rats such a predominance can be ascertained only after the preference development has been completed. PMID- 7002595 TI - [Pharmacological properties of adicin, Soviet alpha-acetyldigitoxin]. AB - Adicin, Soviet alpha-acetyldigitoxin, obtained from Digitalis lanata Ehrh., c. Scrophulariaceae after isolation from it of celanid is a highly effective cardiotonic of the digitalis type of action. It exerts a favourable ino- and tonotropic and an adverse chronotropic action on the heart. This action is brought up in varied animal species and can be observed for a long time (over 3 hours). Adicin produces no adverse effect on the coronary blood flow and it is conducive to the improvement of venous circulation. The drug does not differ considerably from acedoxin (Hungarian alpha-acetyldigitoxin) from the standpoint of the cardiotonic effect, cumulative properties, elimination rate, biological activity and toxicity. Adicin is recommended for clinical trials with a purpose of replacing imported drugs. PMID- 7002596 TI - [Effect of sodium selenite and alpha-tocopherol on the microcirculation in massive blood loss in dogs]. AB - Effect of little doses of sodium selenite combined with alpha-tocopherol on microcirculation was studied in experimental bloodletting in dogs. It was established that more rapid recovery, as compared to control, of blood flow in the visceral basin and more rapid elevation of arterial blood pressure after massive bloodletting occur following the pretreatment with sodium selenite at a dose of 30 micrograms/kg and alpha-tocopherol at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The blood flow gets recovered in small vessels (arterioles, vanules and capillaries) while in controls it recovers largely in greater vessels. PMID- 7002597 TI - [New information on the biotransport of the x-ray contrast substance, bilignost, in the hepatocyte]. AB - Electron microscopic studies on rats have shown that promptly (30 sec--5 min) after administration to the portal vein, bilignost progresses diffusely, through the cell membrane, from Disse's space and intercellular slits to the hepatocytic cytoplasm. It is accumulated by the cytoplasm and subcellular organellas and then is rapidly eliminated from the cells to bile capillaries. PMID- 7002599 TI - [Tolerance for prospidin ointment]. AB - The local and resorption action of 50% prospidin ointment administered at doses up to 100 mg/kg for a long time was studied in rabbit experiments. Prospidin ointment was established to exert no resorption action in doses tested. At the site of the ointment application there occur skin necrotic changes. Complete regeneration of the epithelium with hair recovery is recorded 2 months after the drug is discontinued. PMID- 7002598 TI - [Effect of mefenamic acid and sodium salicylate on lymphocyte transformation due to phytohemagglutinin]. AB - It is established in in-vitro experiments that mefenamic acid and sodium salicylate inhibit to an equal measure the cell immunity test, a reaction of blast transformation of lymphocytes. The effect increases with the higher concentration of the drugs under study and depends on the time they are introduced into the culture with respect to the introduction of the non-specific mitotic stimulant phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 7002606 TI - The tertiary structure of yeast tRNAPhe in solution studied by phosphodiester bond modification with ethylnitrosourea. PMID- 7002605 TI - Index of biochemical reviews 1979. PMID- 7002604 TI - [Inhibitory action of adrenaline on the antiaggregation activity of the arterial wall]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on Wistar rats that adrenaline inhibits both in vitro and in vivo the capacity of the arterial wall for synthesizing an antiaggregating substance (prostacycline). It is suggested that adrenaline takes a direct part in body thrombogenesis during emotional stress and in conditions associated with the increased catecholamine output in the blood. PMID- 7002607 TI - Uptake and extrusion of k+ regulated by extracellular pH in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002601 TI - [Transplacental passage of the antiviral agent, bonafton]. AB - The ability of 14C-bonafton to penetrate the placental bar was studied in female Wistar rats. The drug was shown to penetrate through the placenta in insignificant amounts. The maximal quantities of the drug which entered the fetuses proper during the last third of pregnancy do not exceed 0.55% of 14C bonafton content in the mother's blood. It was revealed that bonafton transplacental penetration is barred by fetal envelopes. PMID- 7002600 TI - [Toxicological study of the new antiviral agent, 5-bromuridine]. AB - Toxicity of the new antiviral drug 5-bromuridine was studied in experiments on laboratory animals at systemic and local administration. The drug proved to be little toxic. Studies of acute toxicity of the drug administered systemically (intraperitoneally, intravenously and per os) showed it to be well tolerable by animals at concentrations 10-20 fold and 150-300 fold (with reference to an average weight of human body) exceeding the doses recommended for humans at local administration. As compared to controls no changes in the animals' state, peripheral blood and in its principal functional and biochemical parameters, in the activity of serum enzymes as well as in the microstructure of internal organ tissue were revealed during prolonged local administration of the drug to the animals under conditions similar to clinical ones but at higher concentrations and longer exposure. PMID- 7002608 TI - Ribosomal synthesis of polyleucine on polyuridylic acid as a template: contribution of the elongation factors. PMID- 7002602 TI - [Adrenergic receptors of the neurons in the vertebrate brain (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7002603 TI - [Modern trends in the development of radioprotective formulations (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7002609 TI - Proton NMR observation of the Escherichia coli ribosome. PMID- 7002610 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7002612 TI - The internal pH of mast cell granules. PMID- 7002611 TI - Small-angle x-ray study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit alpha 2 from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002613 TI - Kinetics of lactose transport into Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of a protonmotive force. PMID- 7002614 TI - A new endotoxin sensitive factor associated with hemolymph coagulation system of horseshoe crab (Limulidae). PMID- 7002615 TI - Physical characteristics of the reconstitution intermediate RI50(1) from the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7002616 TI - On the nature of anaerobic oxidative damage to the Mo-Fe protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase. PMID- 7002617 TI - Distribution of macromolecules from the intercellular matrix in the electroplaque of Electrophorus electricus. PMID- 7002618 TI - The role of hormones in changing adaptive mechanisms during aging. AB - A generalized characteristic of all aging populations is the progressively impaired ability to adapt to an altered environment. The increased latent period for the response of hepatic glucokinase activity to glucose in aging rats is one specific example of this phenomenon. The disturbed regulation of hepatic glucokinase activity probably is the consequence of altered control of the secretion of key hormones rather than effects of aging on hepatic function. Such changes in the regulation of hormone secretion already are documented or suspected at least for insulin, glucagon, adrenal glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. The regulation of insulin secretion by glucose is altered during aging within the predominant population of islets of Langerhans, perhaps by differences in cell-to-cell communication within these islets. Once the nature of limiting biochemical modifications is established within a specific cell population, it may be possible to identify the origin of at least a distinct set of gerontological phenomena. PMID- 7002619 TI - Relation of neuroendocrine system to the reproductive decline in aging rats and human subjects. AB - The relation of neuroendocrine functions to the reproductive decline was compared in human subjects and in rats of both sexes. The ovaries of rats remain potentially functional throughout the animal's life span, but cease to exhibit regular 4- or 5-day cyclic changes at about midelife. The loss of estrous cycles is believed to be due primarily to changes in hypothalamic neurotransmitters that lead to failure to exhibit cyclic surges in release of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary gonadotropins. Menstrual cycles normally cease in women between 40 and 50 years of age, primarily because the ovaries decline in their capacity to respond to gonadotropic stimulation with adequate production of estrogen and progesterone, and by ovulation, which in turn leads to increased gonadotropin secretion. In aging male rats, testosterone secretion by the testes decreases due to reduced stimulation by gonadotropins, in turn caused by decreased hypothalamic stimulation. Elderly men have been reported to show a reduction in testosterone and sperm production, accompanied by an increase in gonadotropin secretion, but more recent work in healthy, active men showed no increase in testosterone secretion with age. PMID- 7002620 TI - Nutritional probe of the aging process. AB - It has long been known that food restriction markedly increases the length of life of rats and other laboratory rodents. It has been further shown that life prolonging food restriction delays the occurrence or slows the progression of those diseases believed to limit the life span of the animal. However, the mechanisms responsible for this increase in longevity and for the delay in occurrence of age-associated disease are not known. Surprisingly little work hs been done on the effect of these life-prolonging dietary regimens on the many changes in physiological processes and biochemical characteristics that occur with age. Since biochemical and physiological explorations might well provide the information needed to investigate the basic mechanisms underlying these actions of food restriction, such a study was initiated in our laboratory. It was found that in most of the age-related functions studied changes were delayed or partially prevented by food restriction. Our studies provide a start in analyzing the mechanisms by which food restriction prolongs life and delays disease and it is to be anticipated that future research along this line will not only further define these mechanisms but in addition should greatly contribute to our knowledge of the aging process. PMID- 7002621 TI - Studies of cystic fibrosis utilizing mucociliary activity in oyster gills. AB - Crassostrea virginica, the oyster native to the gulf coast, has served as a source of ciliated epithelium for studies on the inhibitory factor in cystic fibrosis. In these studies, protein molecules with biological activity, obtained from serum, urine, saliva, and cells from cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes, were detected, purified, and characterized. Properties of these factors are similar to those detected by other ciliated systems in mussel gills and rabbit trachea. Although none of the ciliated assays in their present stage of development offer a reliable means for heterozygote screening or for prenatal diagnosis, they represent powerful tools for characterizing biologically active molecules related to cystic fibrosis. The importance of purifying and characterizing the various cystic fibrosis factors described by several laboratories is based on evidence that their biological activities observed in vitro mimic some of the expressions of the disease observed in vivo and that the concentration of the mucociliary inhibitor in serum and fibroblast medium preparations from cystic fibrosis heterozygotes is approximately one-half of that in serum and fibroblast medium preparations from homozygotes. PMID- 7002622 TI - Comparative aspects of blood-brain exchange. AB - A comparative study of the exchange of material between blood, brain tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is presented, mainly utilizing data from the dogfish and the rat. Cerebral blood flow is much lower in the dogfish than in mammalian species and, as a result, may be more limiting in the distribution of material between blood and central nervous tissue in this animal. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the dogfish seems to be nearly as tight to extracellular nonelectrolytes, for example, sucrose, as is the BBB of the rat. In both species a major portion of the transport of hexoses across the BBB seems to occur by a carrier-like process. The tissue distribution spaces for materials ranging in size from water to inulin are virtually identical in the rat and the dogfish. Finally, the dogfish appears to possess a special urea transfer system which facilitates the flow of this compound from blood to CSF to brain transfer tissue. PMID- 7002623 TI - Teleost kidney in evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity and elimination. AB - The unique anatomy of the marine teleost kidney and the development of techniques to take advantage of that anatomy are discussed and several examples of their use to study xenobiotic excretion and toxicity are documented. These include: 1) characterization of renal organic anion transport, the system that mediates excretion of many such compounds and their metabolites; 2) assessment of the relative roles of transport, metabolism, and plasma binding in xenobiotic excretion; 3) examination of the morphological aspects of cellular injury; and 4) analysis of subcellular sites of heavy metal toxicity. Also presented are applications of new techniques in membrane physiology to the study of the effects of xenobiotics. It is suggested that continued application of the comparative approach, as exemplified by the use of the marine teleost kidney, will provide powerful and versatile tools for investigation of fundamental biological processes and the interactions of foreign compounds with those processes. PMID- 7002625 TI - [Intestinal coli infection in infants]. PMID- 7002626 TI - [History of the origin and development of polyclinical care]. PMID- 7002627 TI - [E. A. Osipov, 1 of the founders of social medicine and health statistics in prerevolutionary Russia]. PMID- 7002624 TI - Glucose metabolism in the cornea and lens in elasmobranchs, teleosts and mammals: response to thiol-oxidation. AB - Various structural and metabolic adaptations that have occurred in elasmobranchs, in salt and fresh water teleosts, and in mammals have enabled these species to adapt to varied environments. In all cases the corneas of these species remain transparent and expend metabolic energy to maintain this transparency. The studies reported in this paper describe the structural and the metabolic adaptations that have occurred in these corneas. Included are measurements of corneal oxygen consumption, Q10 and corneal hydration. Thiol-oxidation of the intracellular glutathione with diamide has been shown to produce marked stimulation of the hexose-monophosphate shunt in the component layers of the cornea and the lens of rabbit, dogfish, and sculpin. Activities of glycolytic, citric acid cycle, and pentose phosphate shunt enzymes in the corneal and muscle tissue were also studied. Species variations were found between elasmobranchs, marine teleosts, and rabbits. In each of these species, the corneal endothelium was distinguished from the epithelium by much lower enzyme activities. It can be concluded that the enzyme activities and metabolic differences represent functional adaptations that have occurred to insure transparency under these extremely varied osmotic conditions. PMID- 7002628 TI - Microsurgery for treatment of adnexal disease. PMID- 7002629 TI - Plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone levels in normal women and patients with amenorrhea. AB - Plasma levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in 89 women with normal menstrual cycles and 109 patients with amenorrhea of various etiologies were determined by specific radioimmunoassay after methanol extraction. The LH-RH levels in patients with hypergonadotropism and Sheehan's syndrome were more than 10 pg/ml, and were significantly higher than basal levels during normal cycles (4.2 +/- 0.3 pg/ml). The mean levels of LH-RH were low in all hypogonadotropic patients with amenorrhea, with the exception of a few patients who showed high LH-RH levels suggestive of a pituitary lesion. The LH-RH levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were comparable with basal levels during normal cycles. It is concluded that, although there is considerable overlap of the plasma LH-RH levels in each group of amenorrheic patients divided according to gonadotropin level, determination of LH-RH levels may be useful for the differentiation of hypothalamic amenorrhea from pituitary amenorrhea. PMID- 7002630 TI - Combined use of clomiphene and intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone for induction of ovulation in chronically anovulatory women. AB - Combined therapy with clomiphene and intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was used to induce ovulation in eight chronically anovulatory patients under treatment for infertility. Clomiphene, 100 mg daily, was given from the 5th to the 9th day of the cycle. Synthetic LHRH was administered intranasally in different dosages from day 11 to day 14, in an attempt to induce late follicular development and ovulation. Five of the eight patients ovulated, and three conceived. The success achieved with combined clomiphene and intranasal LHRH administration suggests a therapeutic potential in the management of anovulatory infertility. PMID- 7002631 TI - Antigenic cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocytes. AB - Since seminal components can mediate immunosuppression in vitro, it is possible that some antigen(s) may be common to both the reproductive and immunologic systems. In a group of 70 couples with unexplained infertility, 50 "autoimmune" males and 40 "isoimmune" females had lower than normal percentages of total T cells (mean values +/- standard error of the mean 63 +/- 2% and 60 +/- 2% for immune males and females, respectively, versus 77 +/- 2% and 78 +/- 5% for 50 normal males and females, respectively; P < 0.001). Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting of lymphocytes was significantly reduced when SRBC were preincubated with sperm extracts (61 +/- 4% versus 9 +/- 2%; P < 0.001) but not when SRBC were incubated with normal serum or when lymphocytes were preincubated with sperm extracts. Antisperm antibody titers in the patients' sera (48 +/- 13) were correlated with their antithymocyte antibody titers (18 +/- 3) (P < 0.01). Moreover, antithymocyte antiserum (titer 1024) cross-reacted with sperm extract (titer 128), and vice versa. This cross-reactivity was significantly reduced by absorption of the sera with sperm cells (P < 0.001), thymocytes (P < 0.001), or white blood cells (P < 0.005). Absorption of autoimmune sperm extracts and seminal plasmas with thymocytes or sperm cells reduced the Coombs' titers, especially immunglobulin G (P < 0.01) and immunoglobulin A (P < 0.025). Similar results were obtained in passive hemagglutiation, immunofluorescence, and cytotoxicity assays. We conclude that sperm and T cells share a common antigen(s). PMID- 7002632 TI - Historical note on embryo transfer: 599 B.C. (with apologies to drs. Steptoe and Edwards). PMID- 7002633 TI - [Television attachment for inverted microscopes when working with myocardial cell cultures]. PMID- 7002634 TI - [Stereotaxic technic for implanting electrodes into the diencephalon of goats]. PMID- 7002636 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of the antibiotics cytostipin and vermiculine. AB - The properties of two antibiotics, cytostipin isolated from Penicillium stipitatum and vermiculine isolated from Penicillium vermiculatum, were examined in two systems for a rapid screening of current immunosuppressive agents [nucleolar test determining the degree of RNA synthesis in nucleoli of individual lymphocyte populations, and the reactivity of mouse lymphocytes to "T" (PHA) and "B" (LPS) mitogens]. Both antibiotics, distinctly suppressed the increase in number of "active" lymphocytes with compact nucleoli in the popliteal lymph node activated by SRBC. Incorporation of 3H-uridine into PHA-stimulated "T" lymphocytes was suppressed by both antibiotics, incorporation into LPS-stimulated "B" lymphocytes was inhibited by cytostipin but stimulated by vermiculine. The antibiotics were also tested in another two "classic" immune systems, the Jerne test and the GVH reaction. Both antibiotics in doses markedly inhibitory for GVH reaction did not suppress but significantly increased the number of the haemolytic plaques in spleens of SRBC-immunized mice. PMID- 7002635 TI - [Review: lateral specialization of animal brains]. PMID- 7002637 TI - Effect of the treatment of parental cells in vitro with anti-T antibody on bone marrow transplantation in F1 hybrid mice. AB - Anti-T antibody was obtained from xenogeneic antithymocyte serum by adsorption and elution with brain immunosorbent. Bone marrow and spleen cells from the parental A strain were treated in vitro with anti-T antibody and complement or with the original ATS and complement. So treated cells were assayed for the ability to induce a local and a total GVH reaction in (A X C57BL)F1 hybrid mice, to prolong the survival of lethally irradiated, identical F1 hybrid mice and to form haemopoietic colonies in spleens of the syngeneic irradiated recipients. The local GVH reaction induced by anti-T antibody- and ATS-treated spleen cells was somewhat lower. Administration of a mixture of spleen and bone marrow cells treated with anti-T antibody prolonged the survival of lethally irradiated recipients but did not prevent the consequences of late GVH reaction. The colony forming activity of bone marrow cells treated with anti-T antibody was not reduced in most experiments. It can be concluded that the treatment of cells from mouse haemopoietic organs with anti-T antibody and complement damages mature T lymphocytes and in this way reduces the ability to induce GVH reaction, but does not damage T lymphocyte precursors and haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7002638 TI - [Physiological variation of oxytocin in normal females and males: relation of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and LH-RH to oxytocin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002639 TI - [A study of caerulein action on secretory cells, especially in the islets of Langerhans in the rat pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Although it is known that caerulein exerts an action on the secretory activity of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the mechanism of this hormone has not yet been ascertained. The present investigation was undertaken to observe the ultramicroscopic changes of the pancreatic islets and the peripheral blood levels of insulin, glucagon, glucose and electrolites after caerulein administration. The animals were divided into four groups, and three were injected intraperitoneally with caerulein at 25 micrograms/kg, 2 micrograms/kg and 0.2 microgram/kg body weight, respectively. The fourth group served as the control. In the first group (25 micrograms caerulein), the endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets showed accelerated functioning immediately and up to about 2 hours after injection. Then these cells degenerated due to cytoplasmic edema and evidenced decreased secretory activity. In the second group (2 micrograms) depression in the secretory activity occurred for about 2 hours immediately after the injection, but there was no destruction of cells and they gradually recovered their functioning. The third group (0.2 microgram) displayed an acceleration of secretory activity immediately after the injection and then recovered to the normal state. There were some changes of electrolites in the peripheral blood in each of the three groups, suggesting that caerulein causes acceleration and depression of the secretory activities in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas depending on the dosage. Moreover, the cell alterations may well depend on the changes of electrolites in the inner and outer atmospheres of the cells. PMID- 7002640 TI - Vitamin A - application technology. AB - The availability of synthetic vitamin A and its esters in unlimited quantities, has enabled populations around the world, consuming inadequate amounts of this vital micro-nutrient and hence subject to potential loss of sight or other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency, to have hope for a better future life. A technology exists for the preparation of synthetic vitamin A in various application forms. Many commonly-consumed foods may be used as carriers or vehicles of vitamin A to assure deficient populations of a sufficient intake of this antixerophthalmic and anti-infective vitamin. PMID- 7002643 TI - Dental prostheses: the misunderstood medical devices. PMID- 7002642 TI - History of partial dentures, part 1. PMID- 7002641 TI - How to eliminate miscasts with low gold alloys. PMID- 7002646 TI - Transcendental meditation and dental hygiene. PMID- 7002645 TI - 75 years of dental hygiene education. PMID- 7002647 TI - Dental caries and sugar substitutes. PMID- 7002644 TI - Etiology of periodontal disease: a review and its implications for treatment. PMID- 7002648 TI - Instrumentation. PMID- 7002649 TI - Baylor College of Dentistry. PMID- 7002650 TI - One doctor's battle with Medicaid. PMID- 7002651 TI - Aging of the lymphoid system at the organ level. With special reference to the bone marrow as site of antibody production. PMID- 7002652 TI - The starfish axial organ: an ancestral lymphoid organ. PMID- 7002653 TI - Role of injected thymocytes in reconstituting cellular and humoral immune responses in early thymectomized Xenopus: use of triploid markers. PMID- 7002654 TI - Preliminary report on skin allograft rejection in tadpoles and froglets of Rana temporaria. PMID- 7002656 TI - Regulation of adipocyte insulin receptor number and metabolism during late pregnancy. AB - The regulation of the rate of fatty acid synthesis of rat adipose tissue during late-pregnancy has been investigated. Rats at day 18 of pregnancy were injected over a 2-day period with either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), PGF2 alpha plus progesterone, PGF2 alpha plus bromocriptine or carrier solutions, and were then killed on day 20 of pregnancy. Injections of PGF2 alpha resulted in a decreased rate of fatty acid synthesis, a lower serum-insulin concentration, and a reduced number of insulin receptors of adipocytes. Concurrent injections of progesterone, but not of bromocriptine, along with the PGF2 alpha prevented these effects of the latter. The results are consistent with our previous suggestion that the fall in serum progesterone concentration prior to parturition results in a reduction in the number of insulin receptors of adipocytes, which, along with a fall in the serum-insulin concentration, leads to a decrease in the anabolic activity of the tissue. PMID- 7002655 TI - [The clinical value of C-peptide assay (author's transl)]. AB - The C-peptide is a polypeptide generated from enzymatic cleavage of proinsulin into insulin in pancreatic B. cell. C-peptide and insulin are secreted in an equimolar ratio. For this reason. C-peptide radio-immunoassay in blood or urine reflects the insulin secretion when direct insulin determination cannot be done (insulin treatment, circulating insulin antibodies). This assay is mainly used in clinical and investigational studies of insulin dependent diabets. It enabled demonstation of residual secretion of insulin in numerous insulin dependent patients (70% during the first year and 15% after the 15th year of the disease). Persistence of insulin secretion may play a role in the natural history of diabetes since patients with detectable C-peptide immunoreactivity have more stable diabetes, are controlled by lower insulin dose and are less ketosis prone than the others. Factors which influence persistence of B. cell activity in some IDD remain unknown. PMID- 7002657 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XLVI. Physiological role of L-glutamine as a fuel for pancreatic islets. AB - Exogenous L-glutamine is actively metabolized in rat pancreatic islets. The rate of L-glutamine deamidation largely exceeds the rate of glutamate conversion to gamma-aminobutyrate and alpha-ketoglutarate. The latter conversion occurs in part by oxidative deamination, and in part by transamination reactions coupled with the conversion of 2-keto acids (pyruvate, oxaloacetate), themselves derived from the metabolism of glutamine, to their corresponding amino acids (alanine, aspartate). An important fraction of malate formed from alpha-ketoglutarate leaves the Krebs cycle and is converted to pyruvate, the process being apparently associated with the induction of a more reduced state in cytosolic redox couples. L-Glutamine abolishes the oxidation of endogenous nutrients is documented by the fact that the glutamine-induced increase in O2 consumption is much lower than expected from the rate of 14CO2 output from islets exposed to L-[U-14C]glutamine, L-Glutamine, although decreasing K+ conductance, fails to stimulate insulin release both in the absence and presence of D-glucose. It is proposed that L glutamine represents a major fuel for pancreatic islets under physiological conditions. PMID- 7002658 TI - Kinetics of 65zinc uptake and distribution in fractions from cultured rat islets of langerhans. PMID- 7002659 TI - Serum lipoproteins of diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet. AB - Feeding a diet containing 2% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (wt/wt) to rats made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) produced marked hypercholesterolemia characterized by high concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and a reduction in concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The VLDL was unique in that it contained apo A-I and apo A-IV in addition to its usual complement of apoproteins: apo B, apo E, and the C apoproteins. IDL had a similar apoprotein composition. The HDL from these rats was deficient in apo E. Nondiabetic rats fed the same diet exhibited similar qualitative changes in lipoprotein concentration and composition but with lesser increases in VLDL and IDL concentrations. The altered apoprotein composition suggested that the hyperlipoproteinemia associated with cholesterol feeding in the rat is due to an inadequate rate of removal of lipoproteins of intestinal origin, and that this is greatly exacerbated by diabetes. PMID- 7002660 TI - Biosynthesis of proinsulin and other islet cell proteins in pancreatic beta cells of the rat: a radioautographic evaluation of glucose effects in vitro. AB - Rat pancreatic islets were incubated in vitro with L-[4,5-3H]leucine or with L [2,3-3H]tryptophan in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, containing 0, 5, or 20 mM glucose. Incorporation of labeled amino acids in islet cells was evaluated quantitatively by a validated radioautographic procedure. Incorporation of labeled leucine into [3H]proinsulin and [3H]insulin was measured by immunoprecipitation and into other islet proteins by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Incorporation of labeled amino acids in pancreatic beta cells was patchy and not uniform. Up to 20 to 35% of beta cells, mainly in central regions of the islets, showed poor or no incorporation of label. Peripheral nonbeta, endocrine islet cells and mesenchymal islet cells were all uniformly labeled. Incorporation of either amino acid into nonbeta endocrine and mesenchymal cells was not much affected by the absence of glucose in the incubation buffer. In contrast, incorporation of the amino acids into beta cells was strikingly affected. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and insulin at 0 mM glucose measured by specific immunoprecipitation and by silver grain densities over beta cells was 15 to 20 times less than at 20 mM glucose. Incorporation of [3H]tryptophan, an amino acid absent in proinsulin, into nonhormonal, sedentary beta cell proteins studied by radioautography, similarly, was strikingly affected in the absence of glucose. Thus, radioautography revealed a great sensitivity of both hormonal and nonhormonal protein biosynthesis in the beta cell to the concentration of glucose in the medium. PMID- 7002662 TI - Decreased insulin binding of human erythrocytes after dexamethasone or prednisone ingestion. AB - We have investigated changes in insulin binding in erythrocytes in response to overnight ingestion of 1 mg dexamethasone or 10 mg of prednisone in two groups of eight lean, healthy subjects. Dexamethasone administration reduced insulin binding from 9.6 to 6.8% (P < 0.001) with concomitant increase in basal plasma insulin from 10.5 to 14.1 microU/ml (P < 0.05). Prednisone ingestion reduced insulin binding from 9.9 to 7.9% (P < 0.01), but the increase in basal insulin from 16.9 to 20.6 microU/ml was not significantly different. The decrease in insulin binding with both dexamethasone and prednisone was associated with decreased affinity of erythrocyte for insulin at low occupancy and the increase in the dose of unlabeled insulin resulted in 50% inhibition of specific binding without changes in the number of receptors. The earliest decrease in insulin binding was noted within 2 h after ingestion of 1 mg of dexamethasone. These data suggest that acute alteration of insulin receptor function could occur in erythrocytes by small amounts of dexamethasone or prednisone through a mechanism consistent with a decrease in receptor affinity rather than a decrease in the number of receptors. PMID- 7002661 TI - In vivo incorporation of [3H[ leucine and [3H] tryptophan into proinsulin-insulin and other islet cell proteins in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and hypoglycemic rats. AB - Rats were infused for brief periods with buffer, glucose, or insulin. L-[4,5-3H] leucine (2.5 mCi) or L-[2,3-3H]-tryptophan (0.5 mCi) was quickly injected intravenously 30 min after the onset of the infusion, when marked hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia had been established. Rats remained connected to the infusion system and were killed 30 min after the injection of the labeled amino acid. Pancreatic islets were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the pancreas. They were processed for radioautography or for the measurement of [3H] proinsulin and [3H] insulin by immunoprecipitation and of other islet [3H] proteins by TCA precipitation. Various tissues of the rats were also removed to measure TCA precipitable-labeled proteins. Incorporation of [3H]-leucine into proinsulin and insulin was 9 to 20 times greater in the hyperglycemic than in the hypoglycemic rats. Incorporation of [3H]-tryptophan into sedentary beta-cell proteins, measured by thea density of silver grain in radioautographs, showed a sixfold difference. The great sensitivity of hormonal and nonhormonal protein biosynthesis of the pancreatic beta cell to plasma glucose was unique among tissues and among other pancreatic islet cells we studied. PMID- 7002663 TI - Insulin receptors and protein synthesis in bone marrow cells and reticulocytes. AB - Normal rabbit bone marrow erythroid cells have been found to possess insulin receptors. Their number shows an inverse relationship with the stage of differentiation, ranging from 20,000 sites/cell in the less mature to 8,000 sites/cell in the more mature cells. In addition, insulin rapidly stimulates the incorporation of leucine into protein in these cells and in rabbit, human, and rat peripheral blood reticulocytes. In rat reticulocytes, the concentration range of the hormone required for this phenomenon is from 25 to 625 microU/ml. PMID- 7002664 TI - Islet glutathione and insulin release. AB - In isolated rat pancreatic islets, glucose (5.6, 11.1, and 16.7 mM) significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in a dose-related manner. This was paralleled by a concomitant increase of NADPH and a decrease of NADP. The change of the GSH level occurred as quickly as one minute after addition of glucose. Exogenous insulin (200, 400, and 800 microU/ml) significantly decreased islet GSH levels in the presence of 5.6 and 16.7 mM glucose and significantly inhibited the insulin-releasing effect of the thiol reagent parachloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB) and tolbutamide. These data, together with earlier observations, suggest that GSH levels in pancreatic islets are increased by glucose and decreased by exogenous insulin via their effects on the pentose phosphate shunt and NADPH. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that glucose and exogenous insulin, by modifying the redox state of the NADPH/NADP and GSH/GSSG systems, modulate the sensitivity of the beta-cell to the insulin-triggering actions of glucose, p-CMB, and tolbutamide. PMID- 7002666 TI - Treatment of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7002665 TI - Diabetes is associated with autoimmunity in the New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse. AB - The New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse was studied as a potential model for autoimmune diabetes. NZO mice develop obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, and have low-titer IgM antibodies to the insulin receptor. It is shown that they have circulating antibodies to both native DNA and denatured, single-stranded DNA. The antibody levels are higher in females, and, up to 6 mo of age, are comparable to those found in the related NZB X NZW F1 (NZB/W) mouse, a model for systemic lupus erythematosus. After 6 mo of age the antibody levels in NZO mice fall toward normal, in contrast to the persistently elevated levels in NZB/W mice. NZB/W mice are known to succumb to immune complex-mediated proliferative glomerulonephritis before 1 yr of age, whereas NZO mice survive. NZO kidneys exhibit light microscopic features of both diabetic and lupus nephropathies: glomerular proliferation, mesangial deposits, mild basement membrane thickening, glomerulosclerosis, eosinophilic nodules in some glomeruli, occasional hyalinization of the glomerular arterioles, and healing arteriolar inflammation. These changes are associated with glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin, especially IgM, in a granular pattern on fluorescent staining. The NZO mouse, therefore, has evidence of a generalized immune disorder and provides a model for studying the relationship between autoimmunity, obesity, and diabetes. PMID- 7002667 TI - Isolation from rat adipocytes of a chemical mediator for insulin activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - Insulin treatment of adipocytes increased the amount or activity of a low molecular weight, acid-stable material which, when isolated from intact adipocytes by heat extraction and subsequent Sephadex G25 chromatography, yielded a single active fraction that stimulated mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase by activating the phosphatase and not by altering the kinase activity. Phosphatase activation was demonstrated by the ability of the active material to increase pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the absence of ATP and by the ability of NaF, a phosphatase inhibitor, to this stimulation. Involvement of the kinase in this activation mechanism was eliminated by the fact that, in the presence of ATP, (1) NaF completely blocked the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by the active fraction, and (2) the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetic acid, a kinase inhibitor, was additive to the stimulation caused by the active fraction. This active fraction may contain an intracellular chemical mediator or second messenger for insulin. PMID- 7002669 TI - Banting Lecture 1980. Of pregnancy and progeny. AB - A profile characteristic of fuel economy in the mother during normal pregnancy has been delineated. The evidence indicates that pregnancy changes the metabolism of every class of foodstuff. The mechanisms by which the conceptus may be implicated are reviewed. The gestational interactions create a pattern of "accelerated starvation" whenever food is withheld, especially in late pregnancy, and they tend to "facilitate anabolism" when food is ingested. The consequent heightened metabolic oscillations during the shuttlings from fed to fasted state provide a basis for more aggressive therapy with exogenous insulin when endogenous insulin is lacking in pregnancy. It is emphasized that developing fetal structures may be exquisitely attuned to fine alterations in maternal fuel economy and that pregnancy complicated by diabetes may merely exaggerate these normal dependencies since maternal insulin affects all maternal fuels. The manifest changes in the offspring of mothers with even the mildest limitations in insulin reserve, i.e., gestational diabetes, attest to the sensitivity of the relationships. It is suggested that concepts of teratogenesis should be expanded to include alterations occurring subsequent to organogenesis during the differentiation and proliferation of fetal cells. Such changes could cause long range effects upon behavioral, anthropometric, and metabolic functions. It is hypothesized that all of these could constitute expressions of fuel-mediated teratogenesis and that the potentialities should be incorporated into any evaluation of the outcome of pregnancy in gestations attended by disturbances in maternal fuel metabolism. PMID- 7002668 TI - The effect of improved diabetic control on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels: a comparison of conventional therapy and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - We studied short-term changes in plasma lipid levels in type I diabetics treated with either a conventional insulin regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Mean plasma glucose dropped from 260 +/- 18 to 134 +/- 8 mg/dl when conventional treatment was used and from 194 +/- 18 to 108 +/- 8 mg/dl with CSII. Both forms of therapy were associated with a significant fall in plasma triglyceride levels. However, only CSII treatment produced significant changes in total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Total cholesterol fell from 195 +/- 17 mg/dl to 161 +/- 11 mg/dl and LDL cholesterol fell from 129 +/- 13 mg/dl to 102 +/- 9 mg/dl. We conclude that improved diabetic control by any method is effective in lowering plasma triglyceride levels, but it requires almost perfect metabolic control to affect plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. The changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein achieved with CSII may favorably alter the prediction for the development of premature atherosclerosis in our patients. PMID- 7002670 TI - Insulin does not act by causing a change in membrane potential or intracellular free sodium and potassium concentration of adipocytes. AB - The influence of insulin on the intracellular free sodium and potassium ion concentrations ([Na+]i, [K+]i) and resting membrane potential of rat epididymal adipocytes was examined to determine its potential for mediating insulin's action on other cellular processes. Direct intracellular measurements of [Na+]i, [K+]i, and the resting membrane potential were made using ion-selective and conventional microelectrodes. The use of these microelectrodes enabled us to continuously monitor these parameters in the same cell before, during, and after periods of insulin stimulation of up to 20-min duration. The electrical potentials measured in these experiments remained unchanged when the cells were stimulated with insulin (0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mU/ml). Varying the extracellular glucose concentration had no effect on these results. Our results provide the first direct measurement of [Na+]i and [K+]i in adipose tissue and clearly demonstrate that the response to insulin's association with its receptors on the cell surface and subsequent action on hexose transport and cellular metabolism does not involve a change in membrane potential or intracellular sodium and potassium ions. PMID- 7002671 TI - The relationship of intracytoplasmic movement of beta granules to insulin release in monolayer-cultured pancreatic beta-cells. AB - To study the mechanism of insulin release, we examined beta-granule movement in the cytoplasm of monolayer-cultured B-cells. The majority of the granules do not move, while about 2% of the granules moved per minute. The velocities of 90% of the moving granules exceeded 0.4 micrometer/s and showed saltatory type of movement. This movement may have a role in transport of the beta granule from Golgi to B-cell membrane. We studied the mechanism of this movement using colchicine. Granule movement decreased exponentially by treatment with colchicine (10(-6) M to 10(-4) M). Almost 60 min was necessary to get a full inhibitory effect of colchicine on granule movement. Colchicine (10(-8) M to 10(-4) M) inhibited insulin release in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition of insulin release (by about 40%) by colchicine (10(-4) M) required 60 min. Granule movement also decreased when insulin release was inhibited by lowering glucose from 16.5 mM to 2.7 mM. Thus, granule movement participates in the mechanism of insulin release and may be related to the microtubular system. PMID- 7002672 TI - Arterial procollagen type I, and type III, and fibronectin: effects of diabetic serum, glucose, insulin, ketone, and growth hormone studied on rabbit aortic myomedial cell cultures. PMID- 7002673 TI - Quantitative estimation of beta cell sensitivity to glucose in the intact organism: a minimal model of insulin kinetics in the dog. AB - We propose an approach to quantifying the sensitivity of B cells to glucose in the intact organism, whereby we interpret the complex dynamic plasma insulin response to glucose injection in terms of a minimal mathematical model of posthepatic insulin delivery and insulin clearance. The best model for this purpose was chosen by comparing the ability of a series of proposed models to account precisely for plasma insulin dynamics. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) (300 mg/kg) were performed on conscious dogs, and blood was sampled frequently until the basal steady state was reestablished. Glucose injection produced variable plasma insulin responses, which were characterized by an early peak (76 microU/ml above basal), a plateau with occasional additional peaks, and by an abrupt return of plasma insulin to basal by 37 min. A set of eight models was examined; one emerged as superior, in that it was able to account for insulin dynamics with the smallest number of physiologically meaningful parameters (N = 4). The chosen (minimal) model assumes that (1) clearance of insulin is of the first order, (2) the initial peak represents a bolus of insulin loaded into the plasma after the glucose injection, and (3) the rate of the secondary rise in insulin is determined by the concentration of glucose in plasma above a specific threshold value. The sensitivity of first phase insulin delivery to glucose (phi 1; 1.28 +/- 0.15 microU/ml per min per mg/dl), the sensitivity of the secondary phase to glucose concentration [phi 2; 0.038 +/- 0.005 (microU/mg) . min-2], and the threshold for glucose stimulation of second phase secretion (h; 125 +/- 8 mg/100 ml) were all precisely estimated from the dynamic insulin responses. These three parameters of insulin kinetics (phi 1, phi 2, and h) can be calculated from a single IVGTT, and they characterize the insulin responsiveness of a single individual. Estimating these characteristic parameters of insulin kinetics from IVGTT data has potential for quantitating the individual factors contributing to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in intact animal models, and it may be applicable to man. PMID- 7002674 TI - Differential binding of insulin to human arterial and venous endothelial cells in primary culture. AB - The properties of 125I-insulin binding were assessed in endothelial cells prepared from the veins and the arteries of human umbilical cords. The endothelial nature of both the natural and venous cultures were documented by the presence of characteristic endothelial features, including Weibel-Palade bodies, factor VIII antigen, and morphology. Both arterial and venous cells possessed typical receptors for insulin on the basis of specificity of binding, curvilinear Scatchard plots, affinity profiles, pH dependency, and dissociation kinetics. Arterial cells bound at least 2.5 times more insulin than did venous cells, whether studied at 4 h, 24 h, or 72 h after in vitro plating. We conclude that (1) specific receptors for insulin are present on human arterial as well as human venous endothelial cells and (2) the concentration of insulin receptors varies among endothelial cells derived from different vascular sources. PMID- 7002676 TI - The role of hypoinsulinemia in exercise metabolism. PMID- 7002675 TI - Islet cell and other organ-specific antibodies in U.S. Caucasians and Blacks with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Islet cell antibodies (ICA) were detected in 168 (33%) of 504 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Mean age of onset of IDDM was 8.6 +/- 0.2 yr and mean age at testing was 13.4 +/- 0.3 yr. None of 162 controls without diabetes (mean age 21.8 +/- 0.9 yr) had ICA. Caucasian patients (404) had a 74% frequency of ICA within 3 mo of diagnosis and an overall ICA frequency of 36%. These results were similar to those reported from Europe. Black patients (100) had lower frequencies of ICA (P < 0.01) and thyroid antibodies (P < 0.05). Caucasian patients with onset of IDDM before 5 yr of age (107) had a lower frequency (P < 0.01) of ICA (21%) than those (297) with a later age of onset (42%). Patients with persistent ICA beyond 5 yr of IDDM had increased frequencies of gastric parietal and adrenal cortex cell antibodies. Thyroid microsomal antibodies were less frequent (P < 0.05) in blacks (4%) than in Caucasians (20%). The former did not have adrenal antibodies. Similar ICA frequencies among Caucasians with IDDM in the U.S. and in Europe suggest that etiologic factors are similar in the two geographic regions. The lower frequencies of ICA in patients with IDDM onset before 5 yr of age suggest that some of these patients may have a different etiology and/or a more rapid disappearance of islet cell antigens than patients with a later onset.l The lower ICA frequencies in black patients can be explained by heterogeneity of IDDM in this group and by admixture of IDDM susceptibility genes from the Caucasian genome to the black genome. PMID- 7002677 TI - Failure to demonstrate increased protein turnover and intracellular proteinase activity in livers of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the turnover of acidic and basic mouse liver cytosol proteins was assessed. Previous work by others had demonstrated that acidic proteins are degraded more rapidly than basic proteins in livers of normal but not in severely diabetic animals. In this study, a milder form of diabetes was investigated to determine whether insulin-dependent diabetes in the absence of starvation, large weight losses, and impending death results in fundamental changes in degradation of the normally labile (acidic) proteins and stable (basic) proteins. The relative rates of degradation of liver proteins were measured by a double-isotope technique and by the loss of protein radiolabeled with [14C]-bicarbonate. The relative rates of synthesis of proteins were estimated by incorporations of [3H]-leucine. No fundamental change in the relative rates of synthesis or degradation of acidic and basic proteins was observed. There was a general decrease in the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids in the diabetic state and an increase in the specific activity of some amino acid-metabolizing enzymes, indicating changes in amino acid metabolism in liver. A study of the quantity and subcellular distribution of several liver cell proteinases revealed little if any changes in the proteolytic machinery of liver cells in this form of insulin-dependent diabetes. Thus, the fundamental changes in protein degradation seen in severe diabetes are not observed in a less severe form of the disease. PMID- 7002678 TI - Failure of cortisol blockade to inhibit early morning increases in basal insulin requirements in fasting insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7002679 TI - Insulin-like effect of zinc on adipocytes. AB - In view of the known effect of zinc on the crystalline nature of insulin, we have investigated whether zinc alters the biologic potency of this hormone. Using the rate of lipogenesis by rat epididymal adipocytes as an index of the biologic potency of insulin, we have shown that zinc exerts a potent stimulatory effect upon lipogenesis in vitro similar to, but quite independently of, insulin and that it has an additive effect with that of insulin when both are incubated together. This effect of zinc on adipocytes and the biologic potency of insulin, hitherto unreported, is of significance at the biologic, pharmacologic, and clinical level. PMID- 7002680 TI - Changes in nerve conduction velocity after six weeks of glucoregulation with portable insulin infusion pumps. AB - Near normal glucoregulation was maintained in 10 patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus for 6 wk with preprogrammed continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using a portable battery-powered infusion pump (CSII). This form of therapy resulted in a statistically significant increase in motor nerve conduction velocity in the median and peroneal nerves compared with baseline values. There was no significant change in the motor nerve conduction velocity in the ulnar nerve or in the sensory nerve conduction studies. No changes occurred in five additional patients studied in similar fashion while on a conventional insulin regimen. These results suggest that the prevention of sustained hyperglycemia with CSII could theoretically result in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy. However, only long-term studies of CSII will provide the information necessary to determine the clinical relevance of the findings. PMID- 7002681 TI - Retraction. Direct evidence for downregulation of insulin receptors by physiologic hyperinsulinemia in man. PMID- 7002682 TI - Retraction. Direct evidence for downregulation of insulin receptors by physiologic hyperinsulinemia in man. PMID- 7002685 TI - Effects of glucose and amino acids on the biosynthesis of DNA and insulin in fetal rat islets maintained in tissue culture. PMID- 7002683 TI - Development of insulin release by fetal rat pancreas in vitro: effects of glucose, amino acids, and theophylline. AB - The dynamics of insulin release by pieces of fetal rat pancreas from 17.5 to 21.5 days of gestation was measured in an in vitro perifusion system. Interactions between glucose, theophylline, and a mixture of 12 amino acids at physiologic concentration (mix. A.A.) were studied. On day 17.5, 13.9 mM glucose induced only a small (10 min) early phase of insulin release. The late phase of insulin secretion appeared on day 18.5 and gradually increased as the gestation proceeded. The mix. A.A. (9 mM) or theophylline (5 mM) potentiated the two phases of insulin release induced by 13.9 mM glucose from days 18.5 to 21.5 of gestation. On day 21.5, the combination of theophylline and mix. A.A. at 2.2 mM glucose stimulated insulin release by fetal pancreas. The dose-dependent curves of the early phase of insulin release, due to glucose or glucose and mix. A.A. (9 mM), showed half maximal responses in the term fetal pancreas at glucose concentrations of 7.2 and 4 mM, respectively. The values were 7.9 and 5.9 mM for the late phase. The results indicate that the mechanisms controlling biphasic insulin release develop during the late fetal life in the rat. Transition from the fetal to adult type of insulin secretion more likely parallels quantitative, rather than qualitative, changes within the B cells. PMID- 7002684 TI - The effect of insulin and of anti-insulin serum on handling of sodium by the isolated, perfused kidney of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - We studied the effects of insulin and of anti-insulin serum (AIS) on sodium excretion in isolated diabetic and normal, fed, rat kidneys perfused at a constant pressure of 100 mm Hg with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 7.5% bovine serum albumin and 5 mM glucose and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The addition of insulin produced antinatriuresis in kidneys from diabetic rats but not in those from normal rats. Moreover, before the addition of insulin, the baseline rate of sodium excretion was greater in the diabetic rat kidney than in the normal rat kidney, while no differences in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were observed. The addition of AIS (enough to bind 1.4 mU of insulin per milliliter of perfusate) produced a brisk natriuresis in kidneys from normal rats, and this natriuresis could be reversed by the addition of saturating amounts of insulin. By contrast, the addition of normal guinea pig serum to the perfusate of normal kidneys or AIS to the perfusate of diabetic kidneys was unassociated with natriuresis. We conclude that (a) insulin promoted antinatriuresis in diabetic but not in normal rat kidneys, (b) AIS promoted natriuresis in normal kidneys, and (c) this natriuresis was a specific effect of AIS and was reversed by the addition of insulin. Our data support the view that insulin-induced antinatriuresis depends on endogenous levels of circulating insulin and on the availability of insulin-binding sites in the kidney. PMID- 7002686 TI - Dichloroacetate--its in vivo effects on carbohydrate metabolism in the conscious dog. AB - The effects of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) on carbohydrate metabolism in conscious, 48-h-fasted dogs were examined using the hepatic A-V difference technique and a double isotope infusion technique (3H-glucose to measure glucose production and 14C-alanine to assess gluconeogenesis). DCA infusion (0.4 mg/kg min) resulted in an 82 +/- 1% fall in the arterial plasma alanine level and a 53 +/- 8% fall in the arterial whole blood lactate level. Hepatic uptake of alanine and lactate fell 67 +/- 5% and 59 +/- 15%, respectively, although the fractional extraction of these intermediates was not altered. DCA decreased the conversion of circulating alanine and lactate to glucose but by only 41 +/- 7%, suggesting that a slight increase in the efficiency of the intrahepatic gluconeogenic process took place. This may be explained by the decrease in the plasma insulin level (39 +/- 9%) that occurred in the presence of an unchanged plasma glucagon concentration. Despite the substantial fall in the levels of gluconeogenic precursors in blood and the considerable decrease in their rate of conversion to glucose, the overall rates of glucose production and the blood glucose concentration were not altered by DCA. These data indicate that the alanine and lactate supplied by the periphery after a 48 h fast in the dog are not essential for the acute maintenance of glucose production or euglycemia. They suggest, further, that a compensatory increase in glucose production can occur by drawing on an alternate intrahepatic carbon source, the nature of which and signal for which remain unclear. PMID- 7002687 TI - Binding and degradation of semisynthetic tritiated insulin by IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes. AB - Insulin was tritiated by semisynthetic replacement of the amino-terminal phenylalanine of the B chain with tritiated phenylalanine. At 15 degrees C, (3H) insulin bound to high affinity receptors on IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes with an affinity constant of about 3 x 10(9) M-1, The Scatchard plot was curvilinear. At 37 degrees C, maximal binding occurred after about 15 min of incubation. Binding fell thereafter due to degradation of insulin by the extracellular fluid. The major degradation product after 120 min coeluted with insulin from Sephadex G50 and was precipitated by anti-insulin antibody but to a lesser degree than intact insulin. It had little or no biologic activity as assessed by binding to IM-9 lymphocytes. The cell-associated radioactivity was also eluted as a single peak on Sephadex G-50. In contrast to the degradation product, this material retained its ability to bind to insulin receptors. We deduce that this cell associated material contains the entire A chain, most of the B chain, and is probably native insulin. These data show that insulin bound to IM-9 lymphocytes remains biologically intact. PMID- 7002688 TI - The insulin response to intravenous fructose in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and in normal subjects. AB - Insulin responses to intravenous fructose and glucose were measured in 15 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. In eight patients given fructose first the insulin responses to fructose and glucose were similar. In seven patients given glucose first the insulin response to subsequently infused fructose was significantly greater than to glucose. Multiple regression analysis showed that the ratio of the fructose to glucose insulin response, assessed by area under the insulin serum concentration-time curve (F/G ratio) in individual patients, correlated most closely with prefructose infusion plasma glucose. Similar analysis, applied to results in 27 normal subjects, showed that the most important determinant of the insulin response to fructose in this group also was the immediate prefructose infusion plasma glucose. Thus in diabetics, as in normal controls, the response of the beta cell to intravenous fructose appears to be sensitively set by the ambient plasma glucose concentration at the onset of fructose infusion. PMID- 7002689 TI - Modifications of glucose storage and oxidation in nonobese diabetics, measured by continuous indirect calorimetry. AB - A new application of continuous indirect calorimetry is described for measuring the disposal of a glucose load. In a group of 10 normal subjects, 3 h after a 100 g oral glucose load, 20 g glucose was oxidized at basal rate, 19 g in response to the load and 63 g stored, while a decrease of 2 g was observed in the glucose space (GS). In a group of four type I, insulin-dependent diabetics, both glucose oxidation (9 g at the basal rate and 4 g in response to the load) and glucose storage (9 g) were markedly decreased, with the remainder either being lost in the urine (36 g) or remaining in the glucose space (42 g). In a group of eight nonobese type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetics, glucose oxidation both in the basal rate and in response to the load was slightly decreased (13 and 14 g, respectively) and glucose storage decreased to 40 g. These results suggest that, in type I diabetics, complete insulin deficiency seriously impairs two major mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis, i.e., glucose storage and oxidation, while, in type II diabetics, the remaining insulin secretion attentuates these disturbances. PMID- 7002690 TI - Perfect normalization of excessive glucagon responses to intravenous arginine in human diabetes mellitus with the artificial beta-cell. AB - To elucidate the precise significance of pancreatic A-cell hypersecretion in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, the change in the immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) response to intravenous arginine was studied in both nonobese, hypoinsulinemic non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects whose blood glucose responses and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) simulated those of healthy subjects with the aid of the artificial beta cell system that we originally developed. In both five NIDDM and five IDDM subjects, blood glucose responses and plasma IRI after arginine challenges were made equivalent to those seen in healthy subjects by infusing insulin in response to blood glucose, revealing that previously exaggerated IRG responses were made completely similar to the responses in healthy subjects. In summary, these results clearly demonstrate that the exaggerated response of A-cell secretion against arginine challenges in insulin-deficient diabetics is secondary to insulin lack, and the perfect normalization of its response is achieved only when both plasma insulin concentration and glycemic control simulate those of healthy subjects. PMID- 7002692 TI - [Importance of recording the human monophasic action potential]. PMID- 7002691 TI - [Changes on release of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase by propranolol in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase was measured every 3 hours during the first 24 hours of admission to C.C.U. and successively every 4-6 hours in the next 24-48 hours in 42 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. The pain-C.C.U. admission time interval was less than 6 hours in all cases. 22 patients were treated by propranolol (2 mg bolus followed by 0.1 mg/Kg/die for the next 48 hours in continuous i.v. infusion), 20 patients served as a control. Cumulated activity, peak plasma value, rate of release and total duration of release of MB CK did not differ significantly between the two groups. In patients treated within 3 hours from pain onset (n = 12) cumulated activity, peak plasma value and rate of release of MB-CK were significantly inferior than control group. In patients treated between the 3rd and 6th hour from pain onset (n = 10) the total duration of release of isoenzyme was significantly prolonged. No treated patients developed clinical or radiologic signs of cardiac insufficiency. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was 17% in the treated group vs. 62% in the control group (P < 0.05). The data show that propranolol, if started early in the course of acute myocardial infarction, reduces significantly infarct size and slows down the evolution of necrotic process. PMID- 7002693 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a new antianginal drug: droprenylamine]. AB - In this study the antianginal action of droprenylamine, a cycloaliphatic derivative of prenylamine, was evaluated. Forty patients were included in three groups: in the first group a double blind study was carried out, while in the other two groups, both treated with droprenylamine for a 12 weeks period, were evaluated the effects on workload tolerance or the efficacy in reducing the number of angina pectoris episodes per week and the assumption of nitroglycerine. The double blind study shows that droprenylamine is able to reduce significantly the nitroglycerine assumption. Furthermore, during the 12 week treatment with droprenylamine we can observe a significant reduction of the ST segment depression, at comparable workloads, a significantly increased tolerance to stress test and an early and significant reduction of the angina attacks and, subsequently, of the assumption of nitroglycerine. In conclusion, this drug, which appears free of side effects, may be useful in the treatment of angina pectoris; in particular, the possible association with other antianginal drugs should be evaluated. PMID- 7002694 TI - Comparison of oxprenolol plus chlorthalidone in fixed combination against chlorthalidone alone in mild to moderate essential hypertension; a clinical trial. PMID- 7002695 TI - [Hospitals as microsocieties]. PMID- 7002696 TI - [Ignacio Chavez, medicine and educational problems]. PMID- 7002697 TI - [Combined chemotherapy: prednisone, cytosine arabinose and vincristine in the treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in the adult]. PMID- 7002698 TI - [A centennial remembrance. Dr. Luis Hidalgo y Carpio 100 years after his death]. PMID- 7002699 TI - [Chromosome analysis in the diagnosis of malignant ascites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002700 TI - [Pseudomembranous rectocolitis caused by antibiotics]. PMID- 7002701 TI - [Maintenance cimetidine treatment in duodenal ulcer disease. First part: Effect on gastric physiology and clinical efficacy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7002703 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and albumin in human hepatocytes. An immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - A close correlation between the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and albumin in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes infected with hepatitis B virus was established by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in 52 liver biopsy specimens of various forms of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Albumin deposits usually accompanied cytoplasmic content of hepatitis B surface antigen, but were less frequently observed together with hepatitis B antigen localized in or on the membranes. Ultrastructural observations demonstrated albumin on the tubular and spherical forms of hepatitis B surface antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum. The hepatocytes with the content of hepatitis B surface antigen and albumin showed the ability of binding with the fluorescein-labeled preparation of polymerized human serum albumin. The affinity of polymerized albumin to hepatitis B surface antigen was considerably increased after preincubuation of liver sections with 2-mercaptoethanol that removed most of the originally present albumin. This may be indicative for the role of disulfide bonds in the formation of hepatitis B surface antigen-albumin complexes. These results justify the hypothesis that albumin may be incorporated into the viral coat protein during its synthesis in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes. PMID- 7002702 TI - Changes in plasma glucagon after total pancreatectomy in man. AB - Changes in the blood glucagon reactive to 30K antibody were followed in two patients before, during, and after total pancreatectomy. The blood glucagon level was decreased six hours after the operation, and then increased gradually unless insulin was administered. The increased non-pancreas glucagon was immediately suppressed by insulin administration. The glucagon secretion response to an arginine load was already low one week after the operation, and was absent even three weeks after the operation. PMID- 7002704 TI - An analysis of hepatic venocclusive disease and centrilobular hepatic degeneration following bone marrow transplantation. AB - In order to assess the prevalence of venocclusive disease in autopsied recipients of bone marrow transplantation, we reviewed coded liver histology from 204 consecutive autopsied recipients transplanted for leukemia (142), other malignancies (5), or aplastic anemia (57). Twenty-seven patients with leukemia, 2 with carcinoma, and 3 with aplasia had venocclusive disease and survived 2-86 days post-transplant. Early lesions showed subintimal edema and hemorrhage within small central venules and centrilobular congestion with hepatocyte degeneration. Later lesions showed subtotal to complete fibrous obliteration of the central venule lumina and centrilobular sinusoidal fibrosis. Thirteen patients had a subclinical course, and 19 were symptomatic. Venocclusive disease was life threatening or lethal in 13. Typical symptoms developed 1-3 wk post-transplant and consisted of sudden weight gain, hepatic enlargement, ascites, high bilirubin, and encephalopathy. Statistical analyses showed a significantly higher prevalence of venocclusive disease associated with transplantation for leukemia (P = 0.014), pretransplant conditioning with more rigorous chemoradiotherapy regimens (P < 0.001) and three- to fourfold increase of venocclusive disease in patients whose conditioning included dimethyl busulfan (P < 0.005). Abnormal liver tests before transplant were also more prevalent among patients with venocclusive disease. No factors predicted the clinical outcome of established venocclusive disease. Venocclusive disease showed no association with hepatic graft-versus-host disease even among prolonged cases with severe periportal hepatitis and cholestasis. Other centrilobular lesions (hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoidal fibrosis, and phlebosclerosis) were identified in 23 patients. These non-specific changes may occur with viral hepatitis, graft-versus-host disease or chemoradiotherapy effects. PMID- 7002705 TI - Inhibitory effect of coffee on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AB - We examined the effect of 150 ml of caffeinated instant coffee at two pHs, 4.5 and 7.0, on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in 20 normal volunteers and 16 patients with reflux esophagitis. When ingested alone coffee at pH 4.5 and 7.0 caused a decrease in basal sphincter pressure in normal volunteers from 19.4 +/- 1.5 to 13.7 +/- 1.0 mmHg (P ? 0.01) and from 18.7 +/- 1.5 to 16.0 +/- 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.05) respectively. When coffee at pH 4.5 was drunk with a mixed nutrient test meal, the resting sphincter pressure in normal subjects fell after 30-60 min with the nadir, 11.2 +/- 1.0 mmHg, being recorded at 60 min (P < 0.01). Coffee at pH 7.0 with the test meal resulted in a fall in pressure to 14.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg (P < 0.02) at 60 min. In patients with reflux esophagitis, coffee at pH 4.5 lowered lower esophageal sphincter pressure from 9.1 +/- 1.0 to 5.5 +/- 0.6 mmHg (P < 0.005); coffee at pH 7.0 decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure from 8.5 +/- 1.1 to 6.9 +/- 0.7 mmHg (P < 0.05). In these patients, mean basal pressure, 9.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg, decreased to 5.2 +/- 0.7 mmHg (P < 0.001) 45 min after drinking coffee at pH 4.5 with the test meal. Coffee at the neutral pH caused a fall in pressure from 8.8 +/- 1.1 to 6.5 +/- 0.7 mmHg at 60 min after the test meal. Thus, coffee at either pH 4.5 or 7.0 caused a decrease in fasting and postcibal lower esophageal sphincter pressure in normal volunteers and patients with reflux esophagitis. The magnitude and the duration of the effect were greater after coffee at the lower pH. These data support the clinical belief that coffee may cause or aggravate heartburn by decreasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure. PMID- 7002706 TI - Double-blind cross-over study comparing loperamide, codeine and diphenoxylate in the treatment of chronic diarrhea. AB - As no adequate comparison of these widely used drugs has been made, we have performed a double-blind cross-over trial in 30 individuals with chronic diarrhea. Each underwent three randomized treatment periods of 4 wk duration. Patients were instructed to increase the daily dose gradually until control was achieved or side effects became intolerable. Stool frequency, consistency, urgency, and incontinence were then compared when a stable dose was reached. Though 2.3 capsules (4.6 mg) of loperamide, 2.3 capsules (103.5 mg) of codeine and 2.5 capsulses (12.5 mg) of diphenoxylate all reduced stool frequency to the same extent, diphenoxylate was significantly less effective in producing a solid stool. Before treatment 95% of patients experienced urgency, sometimes associated with fecal incontinence, often as their major diability. Loperamide and codeine were more effective in relieving this than was diphenoxylate. Side effects, particularly central nervous effects, were greatest with diphenoxylate and least with loperamide. Approximately equal numbers discontinued each preparation; poor control and central-nervous-system side effects were the usual reasons for stopping diphenoxylate and codeine, and abdominal pain and constipation for stopping loperamide. We conclude that both loperamide and codeine phosphate are superior to diphenoxylate in the symptomatic treatment of chronic diarrhea. PMID- 7002707 TI - Reflux gastritis syndrome: mechanism of symptoms. AB - Despite numerous observations indicating the deleterious effect of refluxed intestinal contents upon the stomach, the mechanism of injury and symptoms in the reflux gastritis syndrome is unclear. Much speculation has centered around the role of bile acids in the production of symptoms and histologic damage. Accordingly, the aims of our study were (a) to determine whether administration of autologous intestinal contents into the stomach can produce the symptoms of the reflux gastritis syndrome, (b) to measure and conpare the concentrations of bile acids in upper intestinal contents of postsurgical patients with and without the syndrome, and (c) to determine whether artificial bile acid solutions can reproduce the symptoms reported by the patients. Eleven patients with reflux gastritis syndrome and 10 asymptomatic postgastric surgery patients were evaluated. Autologous intestinal contents obtained after cholecystokinin injection and normal saline were infused in a random, double-blind fashion into the stomach of the patients. Determinations for total and individual bile acids, as well as the bile acid conjugated/unconjugated and glycine/taurine ratios were made on aliquots of upper intestinal contents of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Finally, saline and two artificial bile acid solutions with bile acid compositions similar to those of upper intestinal contents from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were infused in random, double-blind fashion into the stomach of 8 patients from each group. Positive symptom responses to autologous intestinal contents were found in 10 of 11 symptomatic patients and only 2 of 10 asymptomatic patients (P < 0.01), both of whom showed positive responses to both autologous intestinal contents and saline. No symptomatic patients had a positive response to saline. Symptomatic patients had bile acid concentrations significantly greater (P < 0.001) than asymptomatic patients. A positive response to artificial bile acid solution infusion was found in only 1 symptomatic patient. It is concluded that (a) symptoms of the reflux gastritis syndrome are reproduced by gastric infusion of upper intestinal contents and (b) bile acids alone are not responsible for the production of symptoms. PMID- 7002708 TI - [Infections of the female genital tract from the viewpoint of the clinical bacteriologist]. PMID- 7002709 TI - [Vaginal bacterial flora in colpitis and in healthy women]. PMID- 7002710 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of thyroglobulin in the transforming endostyle of anadromous sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. PMID- 7002711 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for melanotropin- and vasopressin-like material in a cephalopod neurohemal organ. PMID- 7002712 TI - A specific antiserum against insulin from the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa: characterization of the antiserum, its use in a homologous radioimmunoassay, and immunofluorescent microscopy. PMID- 7002713 TI - Age-dependent changes in hypothalamic catecholamine turnover rate following castration in turkeys. PMID- 7002714 TI - Effects of teleost gonadotropins and their antibodies on gonadal histology in winter flounder. PMID- 7002715 TI - Mitotic recombination in yeast: isolation and characterization of mutants with enhanced spontaneous mitotic gene conversion rates. AB - Semi-dominant mutants displaying greatly elevated (up to 200-fold above control) levels of spontaneous mitotic recombination have been isolated in a disomic haploid strain of yeast heteroallelic at the arg4 locus. They are designated by the symbol MIC. The mutants variously exhibit associated sensitivity to UV and ionizing radiation and to methyl methanesulfonate, enhanced UV-induced mitotic recombination, and enhanced spontaneous forward mutation rates. Possible enzyme defects and involvement in repair and editing of DNA are discussed. The mutants are expected to simplify the analysis of recombination pathways in yeast. PMID- 7002716 TI - Studies on the mechanism of transduction by bacteriophage phi gamma. II. Formation of transducing elements. AB - The formation of the transducing elements (TE) of bacteriophage phi gamma, analyzed in lysogens of the thermo-inducible derivative phi gamma hyI, has been found to parallel the formation of plaque-forming particles with a frequency of 2 X 10(-2) TE/PFU, but is mor sensitive to temperature and ti UV. Deletion of one of the prophage termini (attR) prevents normal excision and formation of plaque forming particles, but does not affect the formation of transducing elements, which arise at a rate of nearly 10(-1) TE per induced bacterium. Transducing elements, would be formed by in situ encapsulation of a hybrid segment from a specidic point in the induced prophage, possibly the presumed packaging initiation site of the normal phage genome, before excision of the latter has occurred. Analysis of the mechanism of transduction to partly heterologous lysogens has revealed the participation of a co-infecting genome arranged in a linear fashion and has given evidence for a permutation in the sequence of transducing and nontransducing genomes. The data re consistent with a mechanism of encapsidation distinct from the Ter system even for hybrids inheriting part of the phi 80 genome, but endowed with the property to form transducing elements like those of phi gamma. Upon infection, transducing elements are formed after one cycle of lytic development with the same characteristics as those resulting from induction, but with a frequency 50 to 100 times lower. This process is dependent on the efficiency of Int promoted recombination. Superinfection experiments performed under conditions preventing Int promoted recombination reveal that any superinfecting phi gamma can promote the formation of transducing particles, depending on the presence within the host prophage of a site from which transducing genome packaging initiates. PMID- 7002717 TI - Conditionally expressed missense mutations: the basis for the unusual phenotype of an apparent trpD nonsense mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Tryptophan auxotroph trpo-28 is anomalous since preliminary mapping and suppression studies indicate the presence of a single amber nonsense mutation either late in trpE or early in trpD, but enzymological tests indicate the complete inactivation of both genes in this strain. Since the trpE and trpD genes are contiguous and encode the two subunits of a multifunctional enzyme complex, it was of interest to learn the mechanism of action of this apparent pleiotropic nonsense mutation. Our study has revealed that the phenotype of this strain derives not from a single mutation, but from the presenc and interaction of multiple mutations. Besides the recognized amber mutation (designated trpD28), this strain carries two additional, conditionally expressed missense mutations (designated trpE1651 and trpD1652). The trpD28 amber codon maps in the promoter proximal region 1 of trpD and eliminates the glutamine amidotransferase activity of the bifunctional trpD polypeptide. The trpD1652 mutation maps in the promoter distal region 2 of trpD and severely reduces (but does not eliminate) the phosphoribosyl transferase activity of the trpD polypeptide. The trpE1651 mutation maps in the anterior part of trpE and causes a rapid loss of activity of the trpE polypeptide, but only when it exists as an umcomplexed subunit. The existence of the two missense mutations escaped prior notice in standard recombinational tests since the nature of ech mutation is such that neither is detectable by the nutritional screens normally used in such tests unless an unsuppressed chain-terminating mutation, such as trpD28, is also present. PMID- 7002718 TI - The selection of S. cerevisiae mutants defective in the start event of cell division. AB - Thirty-three temperature-sensitive mutations defective in the start event of the cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated and subjected to preliminary characterization. Complementation studies assigned thes mutations to four complementation groups, one of which, cdc28, has been described previously. Genetic analysis revealed that these complementation groups define single nuclear genes, unlinked to one another. One of the three newly identified genes, cdc37, has been located in the yeast linkage map on chromosome IV, two meiotic map units distal to hom2.--Each mutation produces stage-specific arrest of cell division at start, the same point where mating pheromone interrupts division. After synchronization at start by incubation at the restrictive temperature, the mutants retain the capacity to enlarge and to conjugate. PMID- 7002719 TI - The selection of amber mutations in genes required for completion of start, the controlling event of the cell division cycle of S. cerevisiae. AB - Using a modification of a procedure developed for the isolation of temperature sensitive mutants defective in the start event of cell division, amber mutations were obtained for two Class-I start genes, cdc28 and cdc37. Genetic analysis demonstrated that co-segregation of an amber suppressor with such alleles was required for viability of spores subsequent to meiosis. These mutations are expected to be useful in the identification of the molecular products of the genes cdc28 and cdc37. PMID- 7002720 TI - Reversion from suppression to nonsuppression in SUQ5 [psi+] strains of yeast: the classificaion of mutations. AB - Reversion from the suppressed to nonsuppressed phenotype in strains of geno;type SUQ5 [psi+] ade2-1 his5-2 lys1-1 can1-100 ura3-1 has been induced by treatment with ethyl methanesulphonate, nitrosoguanidine or UV (254 nm) light. Spontaneously occurring revertants have also been selected by two different methods. Reversion has been shown to occur through a variety of nuclear mutations and through mutation of [psi+] to [psi-]. Nuclear mutations included back mutation of SUQ5, antisuppressor mutations that were recessive, semi-dominant or dominant, and dominant or recessive mutations of genes required for the maintenance of the [psi+] factor. Complementation tests by which the various kinds of mutations could be distinguished from one another were designed. The spectra of spontaneously occurring and induced mutations have been described. PMID- 7002721 TI - Ultraviolet mutagenesis studies of [psi], a cytoplasmic determinant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - UV mutagenesis was used to probe the molecular nature of [psi], a nonmitochondrial cytoplasmic determinant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in the control of nonsense suppression. The UV-induced mutation from [psi+] to [psi ] showed characteristics of forward nuclear gene mutation in terms of frequency, induction kinetics, occurrence of whole and sectored mutant clones and the effect of the stage in the growth cycle on mutation frequency. The involvement of pyrimidine dimers in the premutational lesion giving the [psi-] mutation was demonstrated by photoreactivation. UV-induced damage to the [psi] genetic determinant was shown to be repaired by nuclear-coded repair enzymes that are responsible for the repair of nuclear DNA damage. UV-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA appeared to be, at least partly, under the control of different repair processes. The evidence obtained suggests that the [psi] determinant is DNA. PMID- 7002723 TI - [Effect on cell genotype on thermal radiosensitization of yeast]. AB - The combined action of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation on the arrival of isogenic haploid and diploid yeast cells of wild type and rad51 mutant was studied. The experiments demonstrated the essential enhancement of radiosensitivity of diploid wild type cells is hyperthermic conditions. For haploid wild type cells and rad51 mutant cells the enhancement was smaller and negligible respectively. The action of both factors on rad51 homozygous diploid cells was additive. It is established that diploid cells were less thermosensitive than haploid ones. Rad51 mutation does not change these properties. It was concluded that the enhancement of radiosensitivity of cells under hyperthermic conditions depends on cell genotype and may be caused by the reduced capacity of cells to recover the radiation damages inflicted by the both modalities. PMID- 7002722 TI - Interconversion of yeast cell types by transposable genes. AB - The a and alpha cell types of budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae are controlled by alternate alleles of the mating-type locus (MAT), MATa and mat alpha. The cell types can be interconverted by switching alleles of MAT. The loci HMRa and HML alpha, which are loosely linked to MAT, are involved in mating-type switching. Experimental evidence for their role in MAT interconversion is presented. As a result of switching, the homothallic and heterothallic strains containing the amber and ochre mutations within the HMRa locus yield corresponding amber and ochre mutant mata loci. Similarly, the hml alpha mutant strain generates mat alpha mutant alleles. That is, specific mutations from HMRa and HML alpha are transmitted to MAT. A replica of the mating-type coding information originating from these loci is transposed to MAT, where it replaces the existing information. Furthermore, "Hawthorne deletions" in strains containing hmra-amber/ochre result in production of mata-amber/ochre alleles. Therefore, genetic information for MATa resides at HMRa. The switches occur in a defined set of clonally related cells. Thus, the efficient interconversion of yeast cell types is mediated by an unidirectional transfer of genetic information between nonallelic sites in a nonrandom and programmed fashion. The results are inconsistent with the "flip-flop" models, but satisfy a key prediction of the general controlling element and the specific cassette models proposed for mating type interchange. PMID- 7002724 TI - [Effect of the ts 15 mutation of transcription termination factor rho on expression of the uridine phosphorylase gene of Escherichia coli]. AB - The expression of nucleoside-catabolizing genes was studied in two isogenic strains, SA1030(rho+) and AD1600(rho ts 15). The deo-enzymes activities do not differ markedly in these two strains, though when cells were grown on glycerol medium the deo-enzymes level appeared to be higher than on glucose medium. The synthesis of uridine phosphorylase in AD1600 strain was found to be constitutive. It was found also that the cytR regulation system was not altered in AD1600 strain and a wild-type allele of udp gene was present in the genome of AD1600 strain. A conclusion is made that constitutive synthesis of uridine phosphorylase is due to the presence of rho ts 15 mutation in the genome of the strain AD1600. PMID- 7002726 TI - [New class of bacterial translation mutants]. AB - Two suppressor mutations of phage T4, which specifically suppress different opal mutations in the same phage T4 genome, have been obtained. One of these mutations possessed suppressor activity at 27 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C. It is shown that these suppressor mutations operate on the level of translation and probably localize in one of the genes determining the synthesis of phage T4 tRNA. Two strains of Escherichia coli B which were able to restrict this opal suppressor and did not affect amber or ochra suppressor activity of phage T4, were obtained. Possible mechanism of phage T4 opal suppressor activity and the nature of their restriction in bacterial mutants are discussed. PMID- 7002727 TI - The kinetics of transfer of nonconjugative plasmids by mobilizing conjugative factors. PMID- 7002725 TI - [Study of induction of mitochondrial mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts following exposure to ethyl alcohol]. AB - The kinetics of the killing and petite-inducing effects of ethanol has been studied at 6-30% concentrations. The results obtained indicate that the ploidy of cells or holding them under no-growth conditions do not influence on their survival. Ethanol increased the number of respiration-deficient cells from spontaneous level (0.46%) up to nearly half of all survivors at 24% and 30% ethanol concentrations. The genetic analysis has shown the mitochondrial nature of induced respiration deficiency. PMID- 7002728 TI - Transformation in Escherichia coli: studies on the nature of donor DNA after uptake and integration. PMID- 7002729 TI - Loss of Hfr DNA from Escherichia coli merozygotes during inhibition of conjugation by nalidixic acid. PMID- 7002730 TI - Transcriptional and translational expression of a chimeric bacterial-yeast plasmid in yeasts. AB - Chimeric plasmids composed of the bacterial plasmid pBR322, 2 micron yeast plasmid fragments and the 1.1 kb ura3+ fragment of yeast chromosomal DNA which codes for orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase were constructed and used to transform Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae recipient cells. The expression in yeast of one such plasmid was studied and compared to the expression of a chromosomally integrated bacterial plasmid. In the strain carrying the chimeric plasmid the level of OMP decarboxylase activity is about 25 times that found in either the wild-type strain or in the strain carrying the chromosomally integrated plasmid. The ampicillin gene of pBR322 is expressed in yeast. Labeling kinetics of RNA and measurements of the polyadenylated fractions showed that RNA hybridizing to the pBR322 plasmid was polyadenylated to the same extent as RNA hybridizing to the ura3+ gene. Half-lives of 10 and 20 min were estimated for the ura3+ and pBR322 transcripts respectively. PMID- 7002731 TI - Synthesis of a chicken ovalbumin-like protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A cDNA sequence coding for chicken ovalbumin was fused to the beginning of the Escherichia coli lactose operon and recombined in vitro with a composite vector plasmid which can be propagated in both E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Such plasmids direct the synthesis of an ovalbumin-like protein (OLP) in both microorganisms, probably because the E. coli lac regulatory region has some promoter activity in yeast. The yeast strains produce about 1 000 to 5 000 molecules of ovalbumin-like protein per cell. PMID- 7002732 TI - Restriction map of native and cloned cauliflower mosaic virus DNA. AB - Cloned CaMV DNA replicates faithfully in Escherichia coli, since the restriction map of the cloned DNA can be superimposed over that of the native viral DNA. However, some short fragments were difficult to detect in the restricted native viral DNA, whereas they formed clear bands when derived from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) DNA clones propagated in the E. coli host. Apparently, the small fragments that carry variable-length single-stranded gaps present only in native viral DNA, give rise to diffuse weak bands difficult to recognize in gels. Comparison of maps for several CaMV strains permits evaluation of their possible evolutionary relationship. PMID- 7002733 TI - Cloning and characterization of Paramecium mitochondrial DNA replication initiation regions. AB - Fragments containing the replication-initiation region of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from four species of Paramecium aurelia were ligated to the pBR322 plasmid and used to transform Escherichia coli. The criteria for identifying the desired mitochondrial DNA restriction fragments were based on the palindromic dimer structure of the replicative intermediate of this DNA. The nature of the cloned sequences was verified by hybridization to mitochondrial DNA fragments containing the initiation region, by determining the size of snapback renaturation products, and by determining the symmetry of restriction-endonuclease sites within the clones. Heterologous hybridization experiments showed that one species' initiation region is not homologous to the other three. Cleavage patterns of each of the clones by 18 different restriction enzymes were determined. There are no sites within approx. 250 bp of the center of the insert of any clone although there are numerous cleavages in more distal regions. These sites are generally symmetric about the center of the insert as expected for a palindromic structure. The characteristics of the cloned sequences support a proposed replication model for all four species studied. PMID- 7002736 TI - Some notes on the history of the National Institute on Aging. PMID- 7002734 TI - Office culturing for eye infections: when antibiotics alone won't do. PMID- 7002737 TI - Increased activities of acid protease and acid phosphatase in denervated forelimb regenerates of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - Early bud and palette limb regenerates of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, were compared with respect to the effect of denervation on the activities of some of their hydrolases in order to determine if these enzymes contribute to the atrophy of denervated regenerates. Results show that denervation increased total activities of acid protease and acid phosphatase by 77-89% and 41-45% respectively at both stages examined. Both membrane-bound and soluble enzymatic forms contributed to the observed increase in the total activity of each hydrolase. Furthermore, the actual levels of each enzyme attained at the two stages following denervation were quite similar to each other. Since each hydrolase responded to denervation in a similar way at both stages examined, it was concluded that resorption of denervated limb regenerates is not primarily due to the increased activity of hydrolases. Denervated early bud regenerates, which are almost completely resorbed following nerve withdrawal, would be expected to show greater levels of hydrolytic activity than denervated palette regenerates, which exhibit only a partial resorption following the same operation. PMID- 7002735 TI - The concept and function of reminiscence: a review of the research. PMID- 7002738 TI - Different types of smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: their diagnostic and prognostic significance. AB - The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the different types of serum smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were investigated in sera of 24 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). SMA of IgG class were found in 92% of sera from patients with CAH but in only 20% of sera from PBC patients, whereas the incidence of IgM-SMA was higher in PBC (67%) than in CAH (38%). All six patients with the atypical cholestatic form of CAH has SMA of IgM class, whereas other CAH patients had SMA of mainly IgG class. SMA reacting with rabbit liver (bile canaliculus antibodies, BCA) and with rat glomeruli (glomerulus antibodies) were of anti-actin specificity and were more common in CAH than in PBC. Organ specific BCA or glomerulus antibodies were not found. Anti-actin antibodies were detected in the majority of the investigated sera by an immunoenzymatic anti-actin assay. The results suggest that the determination of SMA titres with heavy chain specific antisera may help in the assessment of diagnosis and prognosis of chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7002740 TI - Diabetes and the older person. PMID- 7002741 TI - What now? Growing old in America: the next four years. PMID- 7002739 TI - Treatment of distal ulcerative colitis (proctosigmoiditis) in relapse: comparison of hydrocortisone enemas and rectal hydrocortisone foam. AB - Thirty patients with distal colitis (proctosigmoiditis) in relapse were randonly allocated to twice daily treatment with traditional aqueous hydrocotrisone enemas (Cortenemas) or a suspension of hydrocortisone in an inert foam base (Colifoam). Each treatment contained the same amount of hydrocortisone. Clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological response was assessed after two weeks. Both agents were effective, and broadly similar in terms of objective improvement, but subjective improvement was greater with the foam preparation, and several patients expressed a preference to this mode of treatment. PMID- 7002742 TI - 70+ and 70 and. PMID- 7002743 TI - Immunology and reproduction. I. Sterility immunology. AB - This review on sterility immunology deals exclusively with immunological mechanisms hindering gamete junction. It does not elaborate the different immunological aspects of infertility after gamete junction. Thus spermatozoal seminal plasma and ovum antigens producing auto- or isoimmunization as immunological mechanisms hindering gamete junction in vitro and in vivo are discussed. Local immune response is compared to general immune response discerning between antibody production and cellular immunity. The commonly used diagnostic tools, the application of these test methods, the clinical therapeutical significance and the scientific objectives for further research in the area of reproductive immunology are outlined. It becomes evident that research in immunology of reproduction is performed with two targets: (1) diagnosis and treatment of the so-called 'immunological sterility', and (2) development of an immunological contraceptive. PMID- 7002745 TI - [Conjunctival bacterial flora in newborns]. PMID- 7002744 TI - Conservative management of finger tip injuries in adults. AB - A prospective trial was undertaken on fifty consecutive patients with a total of sixty finger tip injuries treated by conservative means at the Leicester Royal Infirmary Accident and Emergency Department. The injuries have been classified into groups and results reviewed after a period of one year. PMID- 7002747 TI - [Characteristics of leukemia incidence in the Cracow region during 1961-1968 in the light of probability evaluation according to Poisson's distribution. III. Analysis of leukemia incidence in 415 basic administrative units of the regions, assuming its uniform distribution in particular regions]. PMID- 7002746 TI - [Hand injuries due to detonators]. PMID- 7002748 TI - Antimicrobial activity of 2-vinylfuran derivatives. AB - 2-Vinylfuran derivatives were found to inhibit algal and yeast growth. Experiments with a respiratory type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DT XII, its respiration-deficient mutant DT XII A, and Candida albicans showed that all 2 vinylfurans are inhibitors of key processes of energy metabolism (especially glycolysis). The properties determining the inhibitory activity are chemical reactivity and lipophilicity. The reactivity of the studied derivatives was characterized by second-order rate constants kappa (L. mol-1.2-1) for reaction with mercaptoacetic acid (as a model thiol), and the lipophilicity by calculated sigma pi i-constants. An equation correlating the structure and the activity of 2 vinylfurans was derived. The significance of reactions of 2-vinylfurans with thiols or other nucleophilic groups of cell components is stressed. The reaction centre of 2-vinylfurans in these reactions is the electrophilic exocyclic double bond. The presence of a nitro group in position 5 of the furan ring is not indispensable for biological activity of 2-vinylfurans. PMID- 7002749 TI - Preparation of zymosan from yeast cell walls. AB - Cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after disintegration and protoplasm removal by centrifugation and repeated washing were suspended in 0.5 M Na2HPO4, pH 7.8-8.0, as a 5% or 10% suspension, depending on the mode of heating. The suspension was boiled for 3 h, purified by repeated washing with water and ethanol and dried. The yield was approximately 1.8% of the starting amount of pressed commercial baker's yeast. PMID- 7002751 TI - Locomotor adaptations as reflected on the humerus of paleogene primates. AB - Examination of Paleogene distal humeri and a survey of homologous articulations in living primates allows some anatomical correlation with elbow mechanics and the occurrence of these during specific locomotor behaviors in living species. Claw climbing is postulated to be the ancestral primate locomotor mode from which the ancestral euprimate (strepsirhines and haplorhines) evolved a grasp leaping locomotor pattern. This pattern, which depends on a powerful grasp either during climbing or when landing after a jump, is still the most pervasive form of primate locomotion. Morphological evidence of Paleogene humeri suggest that vertical clinging and leaping behavior derived from grasp leaping at least six times independently. PMID- 7002753 TI - Effects of acute and chronic ingestion of tolbutamide in the chicken. AB - The effects of acute and chronic ingestion of tolbutamide were studied in the growing chicken. After an oral load of 100 or 25 mg tolbutamide/kg b.w., plasma insulin levels increased in a dose-dependent manner but to relatively low levels for about 10 min, while 10-20 min following tolbutamide, plasma glucose levels were markedly decreased and remained so for 2--5 hr. After 100 mg tolbutamide/kg, the profound hypoglycaemia which developed, was generally accompanied by symptoms resembling an hypoglycaemic coma: panting, muscular flacidity and convulsion. Body temperature and plasma calcium levels were not changed during and after tolbutamide-induced insulin release. In the chicken, tolbutamide response is therefore characterized by a fugitive insulin release and a profound and prolonged hypoglycaemia which suggest that the action of insulin is potentiated by other factors. Chronic ingestion of tolbutamide in the diet transiently (for one week) increased the live body weight of a dose of 400 mg tolbutamide/kg of diet. Long term (5 weeks) fasting plasma glucose levels were unchanged and fasting plasma insulin levels were decreased in the chronic tolbutamide treated chickens. PMID- 7002752 TI - [Vaclav Rejholec at 60]. PMID- 7002754 TI - Oral contraceptives: effects on carbohydrate metabolism, insulin like activity and histology of the pancreas. AB - The effect of the combination type oral contraceptive and its estrogen (mestranol) and progesterone (ethynodiol diacetate) components on the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), intravenous tolbutamide test (IVTT), serum insulin like activity (ILA) and morphology of beta cells of the pancreas was investigated in female rabbits. The combination produced impairment of glucose tolerance in all animals after 24 weeks treatment. Fifty percent of animals in the estrogen treated group and 33.3 percent of animals in the progesterone treated group developed impairment of glucose tolerance after 24 weeks. A reduction in the glucose response to IVTT was observed in all the animals following 24 weeks treatment with the combination, estrogen or progesterone. A significant decline in fasting serum ILA and post glucose ILA was observed in animals treated with the combination and estrogen. A small but consistent decline in the serum ILA was observed in animals treated with ethynodiol diacetate. A rise in serum FFA paralleled the abnormality of glucose tolerance. Morphological changes in the cytostructure of pancreatic islets in the form of degranulation and degeneration of cells were observed in the pancreas of animals treated with the combination, and to lesser extent in animals treated with estrogen and progesterone. These observations indicate that the disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism produced by oral contraceptives may be associated with damage to beta cells and low circulating insulin in rabbits. PMID- 7002755 TI - Glucose assimilation and insulin secretion in I.V. GTT in normal dogs: influence of atropine and pentobarbital. PMID- 7002750 TI - The use of antibiotics for studies of morphogenesis and differentiation in microorganisms. AB - Numerous antibodies with a known mechanism of action are utilized as possible means for studying morphogenesis and differentiation. Inhibitors of biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, compounds intervening with the synthesis and/or function of cell walls and membranes or compounds influencing the energy metabolism are particularly useful. The use of antibiotics for studies of the life cycle of viruses, bacteria, fungi, myxomycetes, protozoa and algae is analyzed in the present communication. Certain aspects of morphogenesis and functions of mitochondria and plastids were clarified with the aid of antibiotics. Relationships between production of antibiotics and differentiation of their producers are discussed in the final part of the paper. PMID- 7002757 TI - Oligomerisation of boar acrosin. AB - Boar acrosin, a glycoprotein present in the acrosome of spermatozoa, tends to aggregate in the absence of detergents and lipids. Self-association products were analyzed electrophoretically by the method of Ferguson. Molecular weights ranging from 44 000 up to 237 000 were found, corresponding to acrosin monomer up to hexamer. Involvement of the active site of the serine proteinase in the formation of oligomers was demonstrated by active enzyme staining and determination of amidase activity of aggregated acrosin. Only monomeric acrosin proved to have full activity, while a marked decrease in specific activity was found upon aggregation. Hence, evidence is presented that acrosin has hydrophobic binding sites modulating the proteinase activity. PMID- 7002756 TI - [An improved rotational correlation method for the structure determination of biological macromolecules by averaging of electron micrographs (author's transl)]. AB - The averaging of electron micrographs of biological macromolecules by correlation techniques can be performed if the molecules lie plane to the support film. To improve the normal method which uses the autocorrelation function to determine the orientation of the molecules, a new method and its computer realization has been devised using iterative, translational and rotational correlations of the molecule images themselves. With this method the symmetry properties of yeast fatty acid synthetase have been studied. The results show: 1) The new method is very precise (angle accuracy ca. +/- 1 degrees). 2) Fatty acid synthetase contains a threefold rotation axis. A cyclic symmetry (C3) of the structure is likely. 3) The alpha-subunit consists of at least 2 protein domains. PMID- 7002758 TI - Endopeptidase of the brush border membrane of rat enterocyte. Separation from aminopeptidase and partial characterization. AB - The brush border of the enterocytes of the rat was isolated by the method of differential centrifugation with CaCl2 according to Schmitz. This material was solubilized with papain, trypsin and Triton X-100. The greatest amount of membrane enzymes was released to the supernatant (105 000 X g) with the use of Triton X-100. The tritonized supernatant was treated in the next step by papain, bromelain, ficin and trypsin (individually or in combinations). After simultaneous proteolysis with papain and bromelain a partial separation of the aminopeptidase from the endopeptidase by Sephadex G-200 chromatography was observed. These two enzyme activities were distinctly separated by isoelectric focusing at pH 4--6. Two enzymatically active bands (RF 0.13 and 0.24) in the aminopeptidase fraction and one single active band (RF 0.16) in the endopeptidase fraction using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were found. Co-migrating proteins to all of these activities were detected. Endopeptidase activity splits 3-carboxypropionyltrialanin-4-nitroanilide (SucAla3NAp) in the position P2-P1. Liberated aminoacyl-NAP may be further split to generate chromogenic 4 nitroaniline through aminopeptidase activity. Endopeptidase of the brush border of the rat enterocytes is characterized by the following properties: 1) molecular mass 130000 +/- 15 000 dalton; 2) Km value (substrate: SucAla3NAp) 1.1 X 10(-3) M; 3) pI 5.23; 4) ph optimum 8.5; 5) 50% activity remains after 15 min of preincubation at 50 degrees C; 6) activity is strongly inhibited by EDTA, p chloromercuribenzoate, Mn2 and Co2. PMID- 7002759 TI - [Catabolism of carnitine: products of carnitine decarboxylase and carnitine dehydrogenase in vivo]. AB - 1) Rats and mice were given large oral or subcutaneous doses of (-)-L-, (+)-D- and DL-carnitine (5 mg/g body weight). The carnitine metabolites, beta methylcholine and acetonyltrimethylammonium, were isolated from the urine by special methods, and determined as their characteristic derivatives (2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone and butyric ester) by thin-layer chromatography or photometry. 2) beta-Methylcholine, the product of carnitine decarboxylase, was not excreted, even when animals were heavily dosed with both carnitine isomers, with or without starvation. 3) After the administration of (+)-D- and DL carnitine, both species excreted acetonyltrimethylammonium, which is already known as the spontaneous decarboxylation product of dehydrocarnitine (product of carnitine dehydrogenase) in bacteria. Injection of 0.71 mmol (+)-D-carnitine resulted in the excretion of 5.0 mumol (average) acetonyltrimethylammonium per mouse during the 48 h post injection. Under the same conditions, rats produced up to 40 mumol acetonyltrimethylammonium. The ratio of excreted acetonyltrimethylammonium to injected (+)-D-carnitine depended on the method of administration and the dose. 4) Production of the pharmacologically active (+) acetyl-L-beta-methylcholine is not to be expected, following high exogenous doses of (-)-L-carnitine or (-)-acetyl-L-carnitine. The chief metabolites are trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide and gamma-butyrobetaine (this journal 361, 1059), and both the (-)-L-carnitine pool and exogenous (-)-L-carnitine are dehydrogenated or decarboxylated only to a very small extent, if at all. When DL carnitine is used therapeutically, the formation of acetonyltrimethylammonium must be taken into account. PMID- 7002760 TI - Bringing the medical staff into hospital planning by sharing data. AB - Data presentations can involve the medical staff in hospital planning and ensure its crucial acceptance of the plans and their implementation. However, effective use of this technique requires careful preparation and presentation. PMID- 7002761 TI - Ehrlich: immunologist, chemotherapist, prophet. PMID- 7002762 TI - The effect of in situ formation of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomerulus on subsequent glomerular localization of passively administered immune complexes. AB - In situ formation of antigen-antibody complexes in the mouse glomerulus was found to enhance the deposition of immune complexes subsequently injected passively. Administration of a large antigen excess to mice that had been given pre-formed immune complexes following in situ complex formation resulted in an apparent mobilization of immune deposits as compared to mice given pre-formed complexes alone, where no such mobilization occurred. PMID- 7002763 TI - Immunogenicity of lipid-conjugated antigens. II. Anti-complementary activity and antigen trapping in the spleen. AB - The most immunogenic of various acylated human serum albumin (HSA) preparations also showed the greatest anti-complementary activity. This is due in part to their ability to activate the alternative pathway and consume complement components. Such molecules also adsorbed radiolabelled complement components readily and were themselves rapidly removed from the circulation after their intravenous injection. Highly lipidated C14 HSA (C14, fatty acid side-chains with 14 carbon atoms) was not itself mitogenic: unlike HSA it localized heavily to the red pulp as well as to cells of dendritic form in the splenic white pulp. The increased immunogenicity is found in lipidated HSA species which show the following features: hydrophobicity, anti-complementary activity, ability to activate complement, heavy localization in the red pulp and an unusual tendency to localize to dendritic cells of the while pulp. PMID- 7002765 TI - Hidden Thy-1 antigen in a subpopulation of mouse bone marrow cells. AB - Immunofluorescence and cytolysis studies using antisera against the xeno- and alloantigenic components of the Thy-1 molecule have shown that in adult mouse bone marrow more cells bear the xeno than the alloantigen. Allo+ cells form a subset of a larger, xeno+ population. Xeno+ allo- 'prothymocytes' can be induced to express the alloantigen in vitro; this could result from the unmasking of cryptic antigen, the presence of which is demonstrated, rather than de novo antigen synthesis. Some xeno+ allo- cells are involved in splenic haemopoiesis, either as a subpopulation of precursors, or as accessory helper cells. PMID- 7002767 TI - Variable expression of delayed hypersensitivity in different mouse strains using dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide as an adjuvant. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity measured as footpad swelling was studied in large number of inbred mouse strains. A conjugate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the small 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten served to generate strong reactions, specific for the DNP group. Delayed hypersensitivity was produced with the DNP BSA complex mixed with the cationic, surface active lipid, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA). Great variation was observed in delayed hypersensitivity among different mouse strains. For convenience, the mice were classified into five groups, notably: non-, low, moderate, good and high responders. The highest responding animals were BALB/cJ mice, the lowest were P/JN and outbred nu/nu mice. No correlation was observed between H-2 type and the intensity of the elicited reactions. PMID- 7002766 TI - Activation of human B lymphocytes. XII. Differential effects of in vitro cyclophosphamide on human lymphocyte subpopulations involved in B-cell activation. AB - The differential effects of in vitro cyclophosphamide (CY) on subpopulations of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes involved in the pokeweed mitogen induced plaque-forming cell (PFC) response against sheep red blood cells were examined. It was found that the plaque-forming B cells in this system are sensitive to CY over a wide concentration range including concentrations which have a minimal effect on overall cell viability. Kinetic experiments revealed that CY exerts its inhibitory effect on the PFC response only if added very early in culture. Thus, it appears that in vitro CY must exert its inhibitory influence on an early phase of polyclonal B-cell activation. When T-cell enriched (TCE) populations were incubated overnight with high concentration CY and then added back in co-culture to fresh autologous B cells, significant enhancement of PFC responses was observed suggesting a selective inhibition or elimination of a regulatory suppressor cell population found in TCE lymphocyte preparations. Helper T cells are relatively resistant to the inhibitory actions of CY. Thus, human B cells appear to be most sensitive to CY, followed in sensitivity by the suppressor cell populations in the T-cell fraction with relative resistance of the helper T cells. These observations have direct relevance in understanding the mechanisms of selective action of CY on normal human lymphocyte subpopulations with possible application to disease states in man. PMID- 7002764 TI - The specificity of antibody formation in mice following immunization with hapten carrier complexes mixed with the surfactant, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide. AB - Mice were immunized i.c. with various enlarged haptens conjugated to bovine serum albumin and mixed with the cationic, surface active lipid, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA). This immunization generated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) in these mice without detectable concomitant antibody formation. The DH was measured as footpad swelling. However, both direct and indirect hapten-specific PFC could be detected in peripheral lymph nodes and in spleens 4 days after a challenge injection. Although the adjuvant, DDA, promotes a strong cross reactivity in DH between heterologous hapten-carrier complexes, the antibody forming cells produced 4 days after challenge showed relatively high specificity for the immunizing hapten. This indicates only weak cross-reactivity at the antibody-forming cell level co-existent with high cross-reactivity in DH expression to the same hapten-carrier complexes. These results are consistent with the possibility that B-cell receptors may be capable of expressing a greater degree of hapten specificity than T-cell receptors. It is tentatively concluded that Thelper cells participating in antibody formation may represent a subset of the T cells involved in DH. PMID- 7002768 TI - The effect of BCG stimulation on natural cytotoxicity in the rat. AB - The natural cytotoxic activity of lymphoid cell populations from control and BCG stimulated rats was examined using four target cell lines, K562, CCRF/CEM, Bri8 and Mc40. In control rats, the cytotoxicity of peritoneal cells was below that of spleen cells but above that of peripheral lymph node cells. Intraperitoneal injection of BCG induced a significant dose and time-dependent augmentation of cytotoxicity by peritoneal cells from W/Not and PVG/c rats, against all four cell lines. The increased activity reached a peak on days 4 and 5 after injection and returned to control levels by day 12. Spleen and lymph node cells from stimulated rats did not show increased cytotoxicity. K562 and CCRF/CEM target cells were considerably more susceptible to killing than Bri8 and Mc40 target cells. Separation of peritoneal cells from BCG-treated rats by density-gradient centrifugation gave an interface population, enriched with mononuclear cells showing high cytotoxic activity and a pellet population enriched with polymorphs showing very low activity. Nylon-fibre column filtration gave non-adherent and adherent cytotoxic populations. Cytotoxic activity was not diminished by removing cells adhering to Sephadex G10 or cells phagocytosing carbonyl iron, suggesting that much of the activity in this system was due to non-phagocytic mononuclear cell populations. PMID- 7002770 TI - Presence of a tumour-inhibiting factor (TIF) in sera from normal but not tumour bearing mice. AB - Some plasmacytomas produce myeloma proteins with known antibody specificities and the secretion of these proteins by individual tumour cells can be determined using haemolytic plaque assay. After a 3 day culture of mouse plasmacytoma cells in medium containing 10% normal mouse serum, the number of plaques was reduced to less than 10% when compared to that of tumour cells incubated with either foetal calf serum or normal rabbit serum. However, tumour cells incubated with sera from mice bearing TEPC-15, McPC-603, or MOPC-315 plasmacytomas displayed control levels of plaques. The production of plaques paralleled the viability of tumour cells suggesting that the reduction of plaque formation is due to the decreased viable cell number. The tumour-inhibiting activity was recovered from the fraction of apparent molecular weight of 300,000-400,000 after a partial purification using an agarose (A 0.5 M) column. This fraction, however, did not suppress in vitro induction of antibody production. Kinetic experiments using sera obtained sequentially from individual mice receiving either TEPC-15 or MOPC 315 plasmacytomas further indicated that the tumour-inhibiting activity is severely reduced during a 2 week period after tumour inoculation. The inhibition of tumour cells did not appear to be specific since tumour cells of three plasmacytomas (TEPC-15, MOPC-167 and MOPC-315), a mastocytoma (P815) and a lymphoma (EL-4) displayed a similar susceptibility to normal serum. PMID- 7002771 TI - Accessory cell function in immune responses in vivo: enhancing effect of radioresistant spleen cells on antibody response to SRBC in rats. AB - Spleen cells taken 4 days after lethal irradiation of Lewis rat were used as a source of radioresistant accessory cells. The transfer of 2 x 10(6) cells into syngeneic recipients significantly enhanced the antibody response to an immunogenic dose of SRBC, if given immediately prior to antigen. The enhancing effect was not observed if radioresistant cells were transferred 24 h or later after immunization. Elimination of adherent or phagocytic cells abolished the enhancing capacity of the radioresistant spleen cells. One hour pre-incubation in medium containing 0.4 mg/ml kappa carrageenan potentiated rather than inhibited the enhancing effect of radioresistant spleen cells. IgG PFC response appear to be more sensitive to the effect of the transferred spleen cells as compared with the direct (IgM) PFC response. It is concluded that activated splenic macrophages may enhance antibody response when transferred, at the time of immunization, into an immunocompetent host. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed. PMID- 7002772 TI - A B-cell subpopulation relatively insusceptible to the cytotoxic effect of anti bursa cell serum and partially defective in immune function. AB - Chicken B cells treated with diluted anti-bursa cell serum in the presence of complement were transferred together with normal T cells and sheep red blood cells into immunodeficient recipient chickens, and spleen cells taken from these were examined for the development of plaque-forming cells. The production of IgM plaque-forming cells was considerably more resistant to the cytotoxic effect of the antiserum than that of IgG-plaque-forming cells. Cells producing IgM antibodies were also less susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of the antiserum and complement than were those producing IgG antibodies. Such differential susceptibility of development of IgM- and IgG- plaque-forming cells was observed only in chickens aged about 2 weeks or younger. These findings indicate the existence of a B-cell subpopulation which is relatively insusceptible to the cytotoxic effect of the antiserum and is incapable of switching from IgM- to IgG immune responses. The B cells resistant to the cytotoxic effect of diluted anti bursa cell serum and complement were more susceptible to X-irradiation than were normal B cells. Immune responses against sheep red blood cells by the B cells resistant to the cytotoxic effect were dependent upon the help of T cells. PMID- 7002773 TI - In vitro and in vivo autoimmune response to enamel matrix proteins. AB - Enamel matrix proteins taken from neonatal C57Bl/6 mice were shown to be able to elicit in vitro proliferative responses in C57Bl/6 splenic lymphocytes taken from animals which had not been exposed to exogenous enamel proteins. Animals which had been injected with enamel matrix proteins in Freund's complete adjuvant made IgG antibodies against enamel proteins which were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Spleen cells from the immune animals gave an augmented in vitro proliferative response to enamel proteins, while spleen cells from C57Bl/6 nu/nu mice or anti-Thy 1 and complement-treated normal C57Bl/6 spleen cells were incapable of responding to enamel proteins in vitro. Thus, enamel matrix proteins appear to be T-cell dependent autoantigens. The natural history of enamel matrix proteins is reviewed, and it is suggested, based on the anatomic details of enamel synthesis, secretion, and maturation, that enamel matrix proteins are autoantigenic because they are anatomically sequestered. PMID- 7002774 TI - Immunochemical localization of collagen types and proteoglycan in pig intervertebral discs. AB - Antisera were produced which recognized specifically native type I and type II collagens and proteoglycan. These were used in immunofluorescence studies to investigate the distribution of collagens and proteoglycan in intervertebral discs from adult and newborn pigs. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar discs gave similar staining patterns. In the adult, the outer 1 mm of the annulus fibrosus resembled a perichondrium and was negative for type II collagen. The inner regions of the annulus contained proteoglycan and both types of collagen, but these molecules appeared to have separate distributions. The nucleus showed no staining for type I collagen. Newborn pig discs differed from those of the adult in that type II collagen was restricted to the central notochord and to a narrow zone surrounding it. The newborn annulus was negative for type II collagen but reacted strongly with antibodies to both type I collagen and proteoglycan. It is suggested that during development of the pig annulus fibrosus, cells producing type II collagen may migrate into this area from the central regions. PMID- 7002775 TI - Oral glucose tolerance test in normal sympathectomized & streptozotocin induced diabetic rhesus monkeys: effect on plasma immunoreactive insulin, free fatty acids & blood lactate. PMID- 7002776 TI - Contribution of Bombay to progress of science of pathology. PMID- 7002777 TI - The scientific basis for short-term tests for carcinogenicity: non-mammalian systems. AB - Almost all non-mammalian short-term tests for carcinogenicity measure, in one way or another, the capacity of an agent to cause DNA damage. Short-term tests should be used quantitatively rather than qualitatively, and, despite the difficulties, they should be taken into account when assessing human genetic or carcinogenic risk. It is far more important to understand how the tests work, and what are their limitations, than to standardize them prematurely. When making choices between tests, in addition to predictive value and cost, the discomfort caused to laboratory animals should be taken into account. PMID- 7002779 TI - Mutagenic activity of chemicals previously tested for carcinogenicity in the National Cancer Institute bioassay program. AB - Twenty-six chemicals treated in long-term carcinogenicity bioassays were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome plate assay. Of the eight chemical reported as being noncarcinogenic in animals, five were not mutagenic and three induced a mutagenic response. Thirteen chemicals were carcinogenic in either rats, mice or both species. Ten of these were positive in the mutagenicity assay, and three were negative. Four chemicals were suspect as far as the carcinogenicity results were concerned, and three were negative. The results obtained in vivo with one compound were inconclusive, and the mutagenicity results were negative. PMID- 7002778 TI - Bacterial and mammalian mutagenicity tests: validation and comparative studies on 180 chemicals. PMID- 7002769 TI - Mucosal immunology. PMID- 7002780 TI - An environmental mutagenesis test development programme. PMID- 7002781 TI - Validation of tests for carcinogenicity. PMID- 7002782 TI - Specificity of DNA damage in chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7002783 TI - Enzymology of DNA repair. PMID- 7002784 TI - Chromosomal events in carcinogenic initiation and promotion: implications for carcinogenicity testing and cancer prevention strategies. AB - We have provided experimental evidence in favour of the hypothesis that carcinogenesis is triggered by at least two chromosomal events, which must occur in a single diploid somatic cell in a specific time sequence: (i) specific recessive mutational or epigenetic chromosomal change(s) resulting in a heterozygous (m/+), latently premalignant state (initiation); this must be followed by (ii) a chromosomal rearrangement involving the affected locus, and leading to homozygosity (m/m) or hemizygosity (m/o), and subsequent expression of the recessive malignant character (promotion). The complete carcinogen, MNNG, induced mutations (6-thioguanine-resistance), chromosomal rearrangements and SCEs in V79 Chinese hamster cells. TPA, a potent tumour promoter, induced only SCEs and specific chromosomal effects. Antipain, a protease inhibitor and a known inhibitor of both carcinogenesis and tumour promotion, inhibited only the MMNG induced chromosomal rearrangements (but not mutagenesis and SCEs) and the TPA induced chromosomal events. These results suggest that (1) both TPA-induced and MNNG-induced chromosomal rearrangements are caused by the activation or induction of mitotic recombination and hence appear to be preventable; (2) chromosomal rearrangement is a rate-limiting step in carcinogenesis; and (3) if mutagenesis is involved in carcinogenesis, it is probably not sufficient. The existence of the human cancer-prone syndromes, Bloom's, Fanconi's anaemia and ataxia telangiectasia, which involve spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements analogous to those induced by carcinogens in normal cells, strongly supports our hypothesis that carcinogenesis involves two chromosomal events. We discuss the implications of this work to carcinogenicity testing and cancer prevention strategies. PMID- 7002785 TI - Reversible inhibition of cell differentiation by phorbol esters as a possible mechanism of the promotion step in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - The potent tumour promoters in mouse skin, phorbol esters and their congeners, inhibit various types of cell differentiation in cell culture systems. There is a good correlation between the tumour-promoting activity of these plant diterpenes and their inhibitory effect on cell differentiation systems. Such findings reinforce the 'aberrant differentiation' theory of carcinogenesis and support Berenblum's (1954b) speculation that tumour promoters may act by interfering with the maturation of initiated cells. FLC are one of the best-defined differentiation systems; and in these, one can see the reversible inhibition of spontaneous and induced differentiation by tumour promoters. Furthermore, clones of FLC have been isolated that are completely resistant to tumour promoter mediated inhibition of differentiation yet retain the capacity to differentiate normally in response to various inducers. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which tumour promoters inhibit cell differentiation and to obtain a possible clue as to the mechanism of tumour promotion, these variant clones were characterized and compared with tumour promoter-sensitive clonal FLC. The possible relevance of these finding to mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis is discussed, and is proposed that initiation may be caused by mutagenic actions of carcinogens, whereas unbalanced differentiation triggered by phorbol esters may play a crucial role in the promotion step. PMID- 7002786 TI - Biosynthesis of the K99 surface antigen is repressed by alanine. AB - The amino acid alanine induced a direct and specific repression of the biosynthesis of the K99 surface antigen in Escherichia coli strains harboring the K99 plasmid. In minimal medium with 0.5% glucose, 1 mM L-alanine was sufficient to reduce the K99 production by about 95%. The low production of the K99 antigen by strains growing on commercially available nutrient media seemed to be a result of the inhibitory effect alanine on the K99 biosynthesis. PMID- 7002787 TI - Characterization of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) toxin purified by anti-Shiga toxin affinity chromatography. AB - Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) toxin was purified from whole-cell lysates by antitoxin affinity column chromatography, radioiodination, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration of 125I-labeled affinity column eluates. Two chromatographic peaks were observed. The percentage of radioactivity in peak I samples immunoprecipitated with antitoxin ranged from 95 to 100%. A pool of samples from this first peak contained over 90% of the HeLa-cell-cytotoxic units applied to the column and was enterotoxic for rabbit ileal loops and lethal for rabbits. This radiolabeled material migrated as a single cytotoxic band after nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but formed three bands, of 33,000, 29,000, and 4,000 to 7,000 daltons, after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, material estimated as 7,000 daltons by Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography could be generated by treatment of S-200 peak I samples with 8 M urea. Pooled fractions from the second S-200 peak were separable into several low-molecular-weight peaks on a P-10 column. One of these P-10 peaks (7,000 daltons) was 27% immunoprecipitable with antitoxin. These data indicate that three of the known biological activities of Shiga toxin are associated with a 33,000-dalton substance which can be dissociated into 29,000- and 4,000- to 7,000-dalton components. PMID- 7002788 TI - Cholera toxin-like toxin released by Salmonella species in the presence of mitomycin C. AB - Several serotypes of Salmonella were shown to release increased amounts of a cholera toxin-like toxin during culture in vitro with mitomycin C (MTC). Filter sterilized culture supernatants containing the toxin caused elongation of Chinese hamster ovary cells, which could be blocked by heating the supernatants at 100 degrees C for 15 min or by adding mixed gangliosides or monospecific cholera antitoxin. When MTC was not added to the Salmonella cultures, little or no toxin was detected in crude, unconcentrated culture supernatants. Optimal production of toxin was observed in the presence of 0.5 micrograms of MTC per ml in shake flask cultures of Casamino Acids-yeast extract medium, Syncase, or peptone saline at 37 degrees C. Meat infusion media (heart infusion and brain heart infusion) plus MTC resulted in poor toxin yield. Culture filtrates frequently could be diluted 1:8 and still result in elongation of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7002789 TI - Interactions of human neutrophils with leukotoxic streptococci. AB - Most strains of Streptococcus pyogenes contain a toxin which can kill neutrophils. Previous workers failed to show any correlation between leukotoxin content and virulence of animals or humans. We examined the in vitro interactions of a leukotoxic streptococcus and a nonleukotoxic variant with human neutrophils. At ratios of 200 streptococcal colony-forming units per neutrophil, the toxic strain killed 92.8 +/- 2.0% of neutrophils, and the nontoxic strain killed only 9.0 +/- 1.2%. Despite this, ingestion of the two strains was equal. Postphagocytic oxidative metabolism was equivalent with low numbers of either toxic or nontoxic streptococci but depressed with high numbers of leukotoxic streptococci. At 20 min, neutrophils were able to kill leukotoxic (99.6 +/- 0.3% killed) and nonleukotoxic streptococci (99.5 +/- 0.2% killed) equally efficiently (P = 0.42). Thus, leukotoxicity does not interfere with the ability of neutrophils to destroy streptococci. This may explain why leukotoxicity does not appear to be an important factor in streptococcal virulence. PMID- 7002790 TI - Isolation and characterization of minicell-producing mutants of Shigella spp. AB - Minicells are small, anucleate cells resulting from aberrant cell divisions at the polar ends of bacilli. We have isolated minicell-producing mutant strains of Shigella flexneri 2a (MC-I) and Shigella dysenteriae 1 (MC-V) after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Microscopically, broth cultures of MC I and MC-V were found to contain free minicells, normal cells, and filamentous cells with polar, attached minicells. Both strains retained their ability to provoke keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs and to invade HeLa cells. Purified suspensions of minicells containing less than one whole cell per 10(6) minicells were obtained by a combination of differential sedimentation and density gradient centrifugation (5 to 30% [wt/vol] linear sucrose gradients). Each MC-I minicell contained about 0.005 times the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid of one normal S. flexneri. The MC-V minicell had about 0.003 times the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid of one whole S. dysenteriae cell. Purified MC-V minicells were treated with polymyxin B to release Shiga toxin. Shiga toxin was readily detected in MC-V minicells by means of a microtiter HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. Our findings indicate that such a minicell-producing alteration in the cell division cycle of shigellae has not significantly affected their virulence. PMID- 7002791 TI - Transfer of immunity to cryptococcosis by T-enriched splenic lymphocytes from Cryptococcus neoformans-sensitized mice. AB - Splenic enriched T-cells and sera were obtained from inbred CBA/J mice injected 7 or 35 days earlier with either 10(3) viable Cryptococcus neoformans or sterile physiological saline. The transfer of enriched T-cells collected 7 days after immunization or of normal enriched T-cells did not transfer immunity to C. neoformans or delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness to cryptococcal culture filtrate (CneF) antigen to the recipients. However, enriched T-cells harvested 35 days after immunization, when transferred to recipient mice, were able to confer immunity as indicated by the reduction in numbers of C. neoformans cells in the tissues, and they also transferred delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness to CneF antigens. Sera from either sensitized or normal mice were unable to transfer immunity to recipient animals. These results suggested that there was a time requirement for development of the immune response in the donor mice and that T-cells were crucial in the host defense against a cryptococcal infection. Culturing of day-35 C. neoformans-sensitized T-cells in the presence of homologous antigen (CneF) but not in the presence of heterologous antigen (purified protein derivative or 2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene) induced the production of migration inhibition factor, thus indicating that lymphocytes from C. neoformans-injected mice were specifically sensitized to CneF antigen. PMID- 7002792 TI - Single bacteriocin typing scheme for the vibrio group of organisms. AB - A total of 743 strains of O-I "agglutinable" and 293 strains of O I "inagglutinable" Vibrio cholerae were subjected to bacteriocin typing based on deferred antagonism of eight indicator bacteria, including two strains of V. cholerae, by the method of Chakrabarty et al. (Infect. Immun. 1:293-299, 1970). A minor modification that was effected in the typing medium was replacement of iodoacetic acid by ammonium chloride (at a final concentration of 0.003%) which appeared to regulate bacteriocin production more accurately and increase the stability of the types. Of the agglutinable strains, 94% were found to be bacteriocinogenic and could be fitted into 11 of the earlier-reported types (Chakrabarty et al., Infect. Immun. 1:293-299, 1970), and 6 newer types were recognized. Likewise, 285 (90.7%) of the inagglutinable strains were found to be bacteriocinogenic and could be accommodated within 10 original and 8 newer types identified for the inagglutinable vibrios. Thirteen types were common to the two groups of vibrios. The single bacteriocin typing scheme appeared to be simple and adequate for both groups of organisms, and the producer as well as the indicator bacteria behaved remarkably stably in this typing scheme over many years. PMID- 7002794 TI - Protection against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa induced by immunization with outer membrane proteins of Shigella spp. AB - Active immunization of guinea pigs and rabbits with outer membrane proteins (OMP) isolated from Shigella flexneri 3a and Shigella sonnei phase I protected the animals against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa induced with the homologous or heterologous strain. Protection was also achieved in rabbits after passive immunization with anti-OMP immune serum. Active immunization with lipopolysaccharide of S. flexneri 3a did not protect rabbits against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa. PMID- 7002793 TI - Quantitation of antibody against cell wall mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida in rabbits, mice, and humans. AB - Cell wall mannan of type A Candida albicans was purified, conjugated with tyramine, and labeled with 125I. Labeled cell wall mannan was used in a radioimmunoassay to measure serum antimannan antibody levels. An ammonium sulfate soluble fraction of a cytoplasmic extract of C. albicans contained a large amount of a major cytoplasmic antigen of this organism. When the sulfate-soluble fraction was labeled with 125I, much more 125I attached to this major antigen than to the other antigens present in the sulfate-soluble fraction. Thus, when serum antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay which used the iodine-labeled sulfate-soluble fraction, antibody against this major cytoplasmic antigen was quantitated. Both radioimmunoassays were used to measure antimannan and antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels in mice, rabbits, and humans. Irrespective of the procedure used to elicit antibody against C. albicans antigens, mice failed to produce antimannan antibody. By contrast, all strains of mice tested produced antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody after immunization, and the magnitude of this antibody response depended on the strain of mice immunized. Rabbits readily produced antibody against both mannan and sulfate-soluble fraction when immunized by a variety of methods. Antimannan antibody was detected in 100% of sera from a randomly selected sample of 50 hospitalized patients. Only 1 of 50 patients had antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody detectable by radioimmunoassay. In pooled normal human serum, most antimannan antibody was of the immunoglobulin G class. PMID- 7002795 TI - Viability of Mycobacterium leprae after multiplication in mice. AB - To measure the rate at which Mycobacterium leprae are killed in the course of the mouse footpad infection after the maximum of multiplication has been achieved, M. leprae were harvested shortly before and at intervals after multiplication had reached the level of 10(6) organisms per footpad, serially diluted, and inoculated into the footpads of passage mice. Beginning 1 year later, foot-by foot harvests of M. leprae were performed from passage mice, and the proportion of viable organisms in the passage inocula was calculated by means of a most probable-number calculation. In addition, the proportion of solidly staining M. leprae was measured in the passage inocula. The proportion of viable M. leprae in the passage inocula was found to decrease with the time after multiplication to 10(6) organisms per footpad of donor mice; the half-time of loss of viable M. leprae was 25 days. The proportion of solidly staining organisms appeared to be directly related to the proportion of viable organisms, as measured by mouse passage, and inversely proportional to the time after multiplication to 10(6) organisms per footpad. PMID- 7002796 TI - Comparison of quantitative and qualitative antibody-producing cell responses to lipopolysaccharide in cell walls of the bacterial form and in membranes of the protoplast L-form of Proteus mirabilis. AB - Membranes of the stable protoplast L-form of Proteus mirabilis strain VI were highly immunogenic carriers of lipopolysaccharide when compared with the immune responses to lipopolysaccharide contained in cell walls of the bacterial form of this organism. PMID- 7002797 TI - Correlation between measurements of the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response and bacterial susceptibility to phagocytosis. AB - The generation of chemiluminescence by phagocytosing leukocytes has been suggested to reflect concomitant microbicidal activity. Correlation between measurements of the chemiluminescence response and susceptibility of bacteria to phagocytosis, however, has not been studied. To examine and compare a range of responses in the two assays, four Escherichia coli serotypes were chosen as test organisms with degrees of susceptibilities to phagocytosis ranging from 0 to 100% bacteria killed. No complete correlation between peak, slope, or curve area integral measurements of the chemiluminescence response and bacterial susceptibility to phagocytosis were found, although a correlation between the two assays could be made after using specific opsonization procedures like the addition of antiserum to selected serotypes. Intrinsic differences present among the bacterial serotypes may be responsible for the observed lack of correlation between the two assays. PMID- 7002798 TI - Comparative studies of antigen 21 in Mycobacterium and Nocardia species: possible taxonomic relationships with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Studies of Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia caviae in comparison with each other and with other Mycobacterium and Nocardia species were performed on the basis of antigen 21 intramolecular heterogeneity. Three different antisera were used: rabbit anti-Mycobacterium smegmatis antiserum, rabbit anti-Nocardia asteroides antiserum, and a lepromatous serum pool. With reference to each of the three antiserum sources used the strains were ranked in an order of relatedness or sharing of determinants. The three antisera showed distinctly different antigen 21 antibody specificities reflecting the species origin of the immunogen. The present investigations confirmed that antigen 21 of N. caviae shares determinants with antigens from Mycobacterium strains which were not present in corresponding antigens of all other Nocardia strains tested. M. tuberculosis, as judged by antigen 21 analysis, occupies a position separate from both the slow-growing and the fast-growing mycobacterial clusters in accordance with accepted taxonomic relationships. An interesting possibility of establishing a position for M. leprae in relation to other mycobacterial species was apparent. The order of relatedness among the strains studied went from M. leprae to M. tuberculosis to N. caviae to Mycobacterium avium to Mycobacterium fortuitum, the last two being representatives of the slow-growing and fast-growing mycobacteria. It can therefore be concluded that evidence from antigen 21 analysis indicates that M. leprae is more closely related to M. tuberculosis than to the other strains investigated. PMID- 7002799 TI - Analysis of cytoplasmic antigens of the yeast and mycelial phases of Candida albicans by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - The extent of the macromolecular change accompanying yeast to mycelium morphogenesis of Candida albicans was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the cytoplasmic proteins of the two growth forms after antibody cross-absorption experiments. Pure cultures of yeasts and true hyphae (i.e., without concomitant production of pseudohyphae) were grown in a synthetic low-sulfate medium (LSM). The two strains selected for this study were strain 4918, which produces pure mycelial (M) cultures in LSM at 37 degrees C (designated 4918-37M) and yeasts (Y) at 24 degrees C (4918-24Y), and strain 2252, which produces yeasts exclusively at both 24 and 37 degrees C in LSM (2252-24Y and 2252-37Y). The proteins of both strains were labeled at both temperatures with [35S]sulfate, and cytoplasmic fractions were prepared by mechanical disruption and ultracentrifugation. Rabbits were immunized with the 4918-24Y and 4918-37M cytoplasmic fractions to produce anti-yeast-phase and anti-mycelial phase hyperimmune sera. Each radiolabeled cytoplasmic fraction was absorbed with anti-mycelial-phase immunoglobulin, anti-yeast immunoglobulin, and immunoglobulin from normal rabbit serum. Staphyloccal protein A was used to remove immune complexes. The labeled, nonabsorbed proteins were also analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis. Highly reproducible protein spot patterns were obtained which defined hundreds of proteins in each extract. The specificity of the immunoglobulin hundreds of proteins in each extract. The specificity of the immunoglobulin preparations was extremely broad, and as many as 168 cytoplasmic antigens were detected. Eighty-three antigens were recognized in the mycelial phase extract only by the anti-mycelial-phase immunoglobulin. However, comparative analysis revealed that all of these proteins were present in at least one other extract. Therefore, none of them was unique to the mycelial morphology. Eleven antigens were detected in the 2252-37Y extract that were not present in the extracts from strain 4918, which indicates that proteins obtained from different strains may express similar antigenic determinants, but differ in their physiochemical properties. PMID- 7002800 TI - Chemical composition and biological activity of the Yersinia pestis envelope substance. AB - Purification of the envelope antigen of Yersinia pestis EV with passive hemagglutination activity is described. The purification procedure consisted of pancreatin digestion, chromatography on human erythrocyte stroma set on Celite, and rechromatography on Sephadex G-200. Chemical, physical, and biological properties of this antigen were investigated. The results show the lipid polysaccharide structure of the isolated antigen. The carbohydrate moiety of the galactolipid antigen consists of galactose and fucose. The lipid fraction contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. The preparation showed high specificity in the hemagglutination reaction and in Y. pestis phage receptor activity. In two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, the isolated pancreatic envelope digest antigen appeared as a single line. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was modified for tandem separation and was employed to electrophoretically identify the pancreatic envelope digest, trypsin envelope digest preparation, and F1 envelope antigen of Y. pestis. Related or identical antigens showed confluence of peaks with reactions of identity. PMID- 7002801 TI - Macrophages as a source of tumoricidal activity (tumor-necrotizing factor). AB - Macrophage-enriched peritoneal exudate cells from mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, macrophage-like tumor cells (PU 5-1.8), and peritoneal macrophages propagated in vitro with macrophage growth factor released tumoricidal activity into the culture medium within 2 to 3 h after stimulation with nanogram quantities of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The cytotoxic activities from each of the macrophage culture supernatants eluted from diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel columns at a sodium chloride concentration of 200 mM exhibited a molecular weight of 50,000 to 60,000 as estimated by gel filtration, were stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, and were active at a pH range of 6 to 10. A rabbit antiserum directed against serum-derived cytotoxic activity (tumor necrotizing factor) from BCG-infected and lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice inhibited all of the cytotoxic activities generated in vitro. This suggests that the macrophage-derived cytotoxins are identical with serum-derived cytotoxic factor, which further implies that the macrophage is the cellular source of tumor necrotizing factor. PMID- 7002802 TI - Effect of carbohydrates on adherence of Escherichica coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. AB - Adherence of Escherichia coli cells to voided uroepithelial cells from healthy women was measured by use of [3H]uridine-labeled bacteria filtered through a polycarbonate membrane filter (5-micrometer pore size). At a concentration of 2.5% (wt/vol), D-mannose, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, and yeast mannan completely inhibited adherence of the bacteria to the epithelial cells. At this same concentration, D-fructose, D-lyxose, D-arabinose, and D-glyceraldehyde partially inhibited adherence. Reducing the concentration of D-mannose, or its derivatives, to between 1.0 and 0.1% resulted in partial inhibition in the adherence of the bacteria; a further reduction in the concentration to between 0.01 and 0.001% caused an enhancement of adherence up to 160% of the control level. Bacterial preincubation in 2.5% D-mannose for 1 min before epithelial cells were added completely inhibited adherence; similar treatment of the epithelial cells had no significant effect on subsequent adherence of the bacteria. Bacteria that were preincubated for 1 h with D-mannose at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.75% showed enhanced adherence. The inhibitory effect of D-mannose was decreased if bacterial adhesive ability, or cell receptivity, increased. A variety of other carbohydrates tested had no effect on the adherence of E. coli to the uroepithelial cells. These results suggest that adherence can be altered by interaction(s) between specific carbohydrate molecules and receptors on the bacterial surface. PMID- 7002803 TI - Identification of the major adherence ligand of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the receptor for coliphage T7 and alteration of Klebsiella adherence properties by lysogenic conversion. AB - We have studied the adherence of both laboratory and wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated from sputum, urine, and stool samples, to human buccal and intestinal and urinary tract epithelial cells. Of 32 unencapsulated strains, 30 adhered to all epithelial cells tested. Four K. pneumoniae strains lysogenic for AP3, a phage which causes conversion to resistance of coliphages T3, T7, and phi I, were all unable to adhere to epithelial cells. One of these strains was cured from phage infection and became capable of adhering, Spontaneous mutants resistant to coliphage T7, as well as K. pneumoniae K59 sensitive cells preadsorbed with inactivated T7 particles, did not adhere to epithelial cells. All strains capable of adhering were able to adsorb coliphage T7 and T3, whereas all nonadhesive strains were not. AP3-like prophages were induced from 7 of 12 nonadhesive Klebsiella strains. A laboratory strain which was able to adhere was lysogenized with 2 of these phages. In both cases, the strain lost its ability to adsorb coliphages T3, T7, and phi I and to adhere to human epithelial cells. All K. pneumoniae adhesive strains agglutinated yeast cells, whereas the nonadhesive strains did not. Competition studies have shown that D-mannose and concanavalin A prevented adherence to human epithelial cells, yeast agglutination, and adsorption of coliphage T7 to K. pneumoniae cells. It is concluded that in K. pneumoniae adherence to epithelial cells is mediated by the receptor for coliphages T7 (and T3), which in turn recognizes D-mannose in the receptors it binds. PMID- 7002804 TI - Interaction of alveolar macrophages with Nocardia asteroides: immunological enhancement of phagocytosis, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and microbicidal activity. AB - Normal and specifically activated rabbit alveolar macrophages were infected in vitro with Nocardia asteroides GUH-2. In the presence of serum from normal rabbits, no significant differences were noted between normal and activated alveolar macrophages with respect to phagocytosis, incidence of phagosomelysosome fusion, or nocardicidal activity. However, all of these macrophage functions were enhanced by various immunological components. Serum from immunized rabbits enhanced phagocytosis of nocardial cells by activated macrophages, and there was an additional increase in phagocytosis observed when alveolar lining material was present. Complement had no effect on the ability of the macrophages to phagocytize nocardial cells. The greatest percentage of organisms phagocytized was observed when specifically primed lymph node cells, alveolar lining material, and serum from immunized rabbits were present in the incubation medium. N. asteroides GUH-2 inhibited phagosome-lysosome fusion in normal macrophages in the presence of serum from normal rabbits. However, addition of serum from immunized rabbits or the addition of specifically primed lymphocytes increased the amount of phagosome-lysosome fusion, whereas complement had no effect on this fusion process. Nocardial viability was not reduced when either normal or activated macrophages were infected with bacteria in the presence of normal serum, immune serum, or alveolar lining material. However, specifically activated macrophages incubated with primed lymph node cells obtained from immunized rabbits were able to both decrease the number of viable organisms recovered and to increase the incidence and extent of bacterial cell damage. The greatest number of organisms were killed by specifically activated macrophages when the bacterial cells were incubated with primed lymph node cells suspended in immune serum and alveolar lining material. These results indicate that activated macrophages alone are not sufficient to kill ingested N. asteroides GUH-2 and that specifically primed lymphocytes are important in host resistance to nocardial infections. PMID- 7002805 TI - [Nightingale, saint or devil?]. PMID- 7002806 TI - Computers in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. AB - Even though the process of reaching a diagnosis from the available information was first described mathematically over 200 years ago, it is only recently that computers have been applied to the problem. Examples are given to the type of approach that has been used in differentiating between possible alternative causes of conditions such as jaundice or acute abdominal pain and it is shown that the computer programme can give results at least as accurate as the most skilled clinician and usually in a much shorter time. The application of computers to problems of diagnosis in histopathology is discussed and the method of cluster analysis is illustrated in relation to the differentiation between lichen planus and leukoplakia. There appears to be some possibility of identifying patients among the group with leukoplakia who were most likely to develop a carcinoma. PMID- 7002807 TI - Testicular and epididymal aldehyde dehydrogenase in rodents: modulation by ethanol and disulfiram. AB - The distribution of (newly found) NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was determined in the rat testis and epididymis as a function of age. There were changes in specific activity of testicular ALDH as a function of age. Epididymal ALDH, which is found evenly distributed between the caput and cauda epididymis, increased initially from the 20th day after birth to th 50th day and remained little altered thereafter in both the caudet and the caput portion of the epididymis. Testicular and epididymal ALDH were found species-dependent with the hamster testis and the rat epididymis showing greater specific activities from the rest of the species studied, respectively. Determinations of testicular ALDH in various mouse strains indicate that it is strain-dependent. Intake of 25% (v/v) ethanol solution as the sole drinking fluid for 10 consecutive days inhibited testicular ALDH in the three mouse strains studied. Administration of disulfiram, 15 mg/kg/day for 60 consecutive days, exerted inhibitory action on testicular and epididymal ALDH in the rat. Intraperitoneal injection of pyrazol, 100 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, resulted in inhibition of epididymal but not of testicular ALDH. It is suggested that testicular and epididymal ALDH may play a role in the toxic action of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde on the gonad. PMID- 7002808 TI - The group psychotherapy literature: 1979. PMID- 7002809 TI - Warren Burger and the civil commitment tetralogy. PMID- 7002810 TI - Detection of antigen in Nocardia caviae cross-reacting with mycobacterial antigen No. 21 in M. leprae using a lepromatous leprosy serum pool as antibody reagent. AB - Eighteen strains of nocardia, representing five different species, were studied in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a lepromatous leprosy serum pool for the presence of antigen No. 21. This mycobacterial antigen shows antigenic heterogeneity with species specific antigenic determinants defined in Mycobacterium leprae. All four strains of N. caviae were found to share antigen No. 21 determinants with mucobacteria. All other strains of nocardia were negative in these direct immunoprecipitation tests. When compared with M. leprae antigen No. 21, the N. caviae antigen gave a reaction of partial identify in the same way as all strains of other mycobacteria tested previously, ii.e., with spurring by the M. leprae antigen. There was a reaction of complete identity between N. caviae and M. avium-intracellulare and M. smegmatis, respectively, with the lepromatous leprosy serum pool used as the antibody source. The results suggest that N. caviae antigen No. 21 is more closely related to the corresponding antigen of the genus Mycobacterium than to the antigen No. 21 equivalent of other nocardia species tested. PMID- 7002811 TI - Combined rifampin and dapsone chemotherapy of Mycobacterium leprae infection of the neonatally thymectomized Lewis rat. AB - Neonatally thymectomized Lewis rats (NTLR) were shown to be highly susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium leprae. We have used them in chemotherapeutic studies as models of human lepromatous leprosy. NTLR chronically infected with M. leprae were treated with various regimens combining a background of the minimal effective dose (MED) of dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS) or 100 times this dose in the diet with one to ten doses of rifampin (RMP) of 10 mg/kg. To test for persisting viable M. leprae passage of 5 X 19(3) organisms was made to intact mice, and 10(5) to 10(7) acid-fast bacilli were passaged to NTLR. The only regimen that appeared to be completely effective in eliminating infectivity for intact mice was ten doses of RMP given on the background of the MED of DDS. No viable organisms were detected in any passage mice, but multiplication of M. leprae was detected in 12 of 16 passage NTLR, representing three of the four groups in which passage was made. In no instance did we fail to detect organisms in passage of NTLR when we detected them in passage mice, and multiplication was demonstrated in passage NTLR in 14 instances in which M. leprae failed to multiply in passage mice. Because of its high degree of immunosuppression, the NTLR was able to detect a small population of viable M. leprae in inocula containing up to 5000 times the number of organisms that can be inoculated into intact mice. The NTLR appears to provide a model for the study of microbial persistence in leprosy. PMID- 7002812 TI - Growth and drug sensitivity of M. lepraemurium by tissue culture applying monolayer and agar suspension technique. AB - M. lepraemurium grow well in a Balb/c 3T3 recloned cell line (A31). In monolayer culture, the average generation time of M. lepraemurium in A31 cells was 5.3 to 9.4 days at 37 degrees C. A31 cells are very sensitive to infection with M. lepraemurium. Bacterial increases were readily apparent 30 days after inoculating 2 X 10(5) A31 cells in monolayer culture with only six bacilli. The intracellular bacilli were well transferred without apparent losses by host cell transfer. The growth of intracellular bacilli was inhibited by streptomycin 100 micrograms/ml, clindamycin 25 micrograms/ml, INH 5 micrograms/ml, and rifampin 5 micrograms/ml. When streptomycin or clindamycin was removed from the culture medium after 41 days of treatment and the cultivation continued in drug-free medium, the intracellular bacilli began to multiply once more without a lag period. When the intracellular bacilli were treated with INH for 35 days or rifampin for ten days, growth resumed, but only after lag periods after removal of these drugs. We utilized agar suspension techniques for the cultivation of host cells M. lepraemurium because normal cells or transformed cells ceased undergoing cell division and remained healthy for long periods of time in agar medium. M. lepraemurium grew well in A31, A31 transformed by polyoma virus, nude mouse foot pad, chick embryo, and human neuroblastoma cells, utilizing the agar suspension technique. The agar suspension cell culture method should provide useful clues for the cultivation of M. leprae. PMID- 7002814 TI - Hanseniasis: the polar concept as it stands today. PMID- 7002815 TI - Esmond Ray Long, M.D., Ph. D., 1890--1979; Editor, International Journal of Leprosy, 1964--1968. PMID- 7002813 TI - The transmission of leprosy in man. AB - Existing clinical, scientific, and epidemiological knowledge on the mode of transmission of human leprosy is reviewed under the following headings: a. The release of viable organisms from the host into the environment. b. The presence of viable organisms so released into the environment. c. Entry into the new human host and distribution within the body. d. Production of clinical illness. It is concluded that much of the published evidence deals with one, or rather few, parameters, whose relationship to the overall scheme of transmission is uncertain. Although it is beyond doubt that most leprosy bacilli emerge from the nose and nasal secretions, probably entering the environment in droplets, little is known of their mode of survival in the environment or their entry into the new host. Existing data certainly does not provide a full "model" of leprosy transmission, and it is suggested that further work attempting to clarify the relative importance of the component events in transmission may have to rely increasingly on epidemiological methods. It also emerges that consideration of the immunological factors bearing on whether or not infections causes clinical illness is important in elucidating the mechanism of leprosy transmission. Thus even the most "applied" and practical of problems must eventually turn to the realm of "pure" research for a definitive solution. PMID- 7002816 TI - Jose N. Rodriguez, M.D., M.P.H. 1896--1980. PMID- 7002817 TI - Effect of purification procedures on the viability of Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7002818 TI - Leprosy in archeologically recovered bamboo book in China. PMID- 7002819 TI - The 1979 Health Clark lectures. 'The epidemiologic fabric'. I--Weaving the threads. PMID- 7002820 TI - Thermitase, a thermostable serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Classification as a subtilisin-type protease. AB - Studies on the amino acid composition, chemical modifications, and characterization of the cyanogen bromide cleavage peptides of a thermostable serine protase (thermitase) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris were performed. The amino acid analysis shows that the enzyme contains a single cysteine and methionine residue. From the amino acid composition as well as a partial sequence determination around the single methionine residue it is concluded that thermitase belongs to the subtilisin-type proteases. The two peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage were further characterized by amino acid analysis and molecular weight determination yielding 25 000 and 6 000 daltons, respectively. Chemical modification experiments show that in addition to the active site serine and histidine residue the cysteine as well as the methionine residue are essential for activity of the enzyme. The alignment of these amino acids in the polypeptide chain of the thermitase is supposed. PMID- 7002821 TI - Hydrophobic interactions in the urokinase active centre. Inhibitory action of alkyl ammonium and amidinium ions: comparison with trypsin. AB - In order to obtain information concerning the binding site of urokinase (EC 3.4.99.26) the inhibitory action of aliphatic ammonium and amidinium ions has been studied. The comparison between the corresponding K1 values for urokinase and trypsin shows that although the two enzymes possess a hydrophobic binding pocket of presumably equal length, they differ mainly in their behaviour towards n-alkylammonium ions with an alkyl chain longer than four methylene groups and towards benzylammonium and amidinium ions. This is an indication of a less rigid binding site in urokinase than in trypsin. PMID- 7002822 TI - Monoiodoinsulin specifically substituted in Tyr A14 or Tyr A19. AB - Monoiodoinsulin was prepared using ion exchange chromatography. The isolated monoiodoinsulin showed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis two bands with different intensities related to the initial method of iodination. Each of the two bands were isolated from the gel, and determination of the iodine distribution among the tyrosyl groups showed that one band contained monoiodoinsulin substituted in Try A19 contaminated with monoiodoinsulin substituted in the B-chain. The other band contained essentially A14 monoiodoinsulin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a convenient method to prepare homogeneous A14 monoiodoinsulin with biological activity indistinguishable from that of native insulin. PMID- 7002823 TI - The liaison psychiatrist in kidney transplantation. AB - Medical progress in transplantation has given rise to special psychiatric problems requiring understanding and proper care. If these problems are to be adequately addressed, psychological services should be available in all activities of the transplant unit. This paper discusses the role of the consultation liaison psychiatrist with patients and colleagues in kidney transplantation. Areas for exploration in evaluating prospective donors and recipients are identified. While body image problems emerge infrequently in kidney transplantation, careful psychological screening may identify some of these potential difficulties and set the stage for dealing with them. The discussion of pertinent issues and possible complications with patients proves to be an effective, preventive approach. While most members of a transplant team are aware of the ethical dimensions in transplantation, psychiatrists, by the very nature of their work as students of human behavior, are pulled directly into these issues. Further, the atmosphere on the transplant unit should be constantly monitored in order to nurture a healing environment for both patients and staff. PMID- 7002824 TI - Social and psychological support adjunctive to lithium therapy: a critical review. AB - As lithium therapy becomes more and more widely used for the treatment and control of recurrent mania and depression, the question of whether or not therapeutic outcome may be enhanced by the provision of supportive psychotherapy or other adjunctive social measures has gained in importance. Reports of psychological and social support given to patients receiving lithium therapy are reviewed critically and the question is raised as to the economics of providing such non-pharmacological back-up as a routine concomitant of lithium therapy. Some consideration is given to the psychological mechanisms that are likely to be associated with lithium therapy procedures and that might be exploited by the psychotherapist. PMID- 7002825 TI - Proust and perversion: some clinical and theoretical considerations. AB - Relationships may be perserve without"normal" sexuality being replaced by deviant acts and fantasies. The link between perversion and genital sexuality can be loosened without the term becoming inapplicable. Moreover perversions manifest themselves in almost any idiosyncratic form, just like defences. Next to a seemingly not for perverse aim and object, split-off fantasies and acts exist, which form the condition for the "normal" genital sexual relationship. Such a fantasy may be the idea that one's partner has a secret homosexual adventure like in Proust's novel. It can be the need to be unfaithful, or the fantasy of having two lovers instead of one husband, as in the examples given. Perversions can be understood as regulators of self-esteem, and defence against (pre)oedipal conflict. Proust, an expert on perversion and the pre-oedipal, gives us insight into its development, and manifestations: in the mother-child relationship, in love life, in social life and as a sexual perversion in the strict sense of the term. We go into some detail regarding what he tells us about the sado masochistic fantasies in a love relationship, where paradox seems to be another word for perversion. This is followed by three clinical examples of perverted relationships between partners, with safeguarding of genital aim and object. Perversion seems still more pervasive, more enigmatic and difficult to delineate than in Freud's time. PMID- 7002826 TI - The influence of membrane fluidity on radiation induced changes in the DNA of E. coli K1060. AB - E. coli K1060 a fatty acid auxotroph unable to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids was used to study the effect of membrane fluidity on survival and DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation. Oleic and elaidic acids were incorporated into the bacteria and the temperatures of irradiation chosen in order to give the maximum difference in survival between the "liquid crystal" and "gel" states. Maximum sensitization was achieved by cooling the bacteria for 5 min at ice temperature before irradiation. No sensitization was observed if cooling was after irradiation. Under non-nutrient conditions both oleic acid and elaidic acid grown bacteria were able to repair DNA strand breaks to the same extent. When irradiation was in nutrient conditions both bacteria at all temperatures of irradiation repaired DNA strand breaks equally well and to a greater extent than in non-nutrient suspension. PMID- 7002827 TI - Differential inhibition of mammalian DNA polymerases by X-irradiated DNA. AB - Using mammalian DNA polymerases alpha, beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, we have examined the inhibitory action of X-irradiated DNA on in vitro DNA synthetic activities of these enzymes. It was found that DNA polymerase beta was highly sensitive inhibition by the irradiated DNA as well as DNA polymerases I of E. coli, while DNA polymerase alpha was at least two hundred times more resistant to inhibition than DNA ploymerase beta. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was inhibited moderately by the single-stranded form of the irradiated DNA. Since the inhibition was competitive with respect to a template-initiator for all DNA polymerases or an initiator for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, the differences in sensitivities to the inhibition may be due to the different affinities of the enzymes to the X-ray-induced inhibitory sites on the DNA strand. PMID- 7002828 TI - The interaction between sensory and nonsensory factors in the determination of brain structure and chemistry: a review. AB - Contrary to previous thinking, the brain is now recognized as a plastic organ whose structure and function adapt to the functional demands of the sensory environment. This paper examines the interaction between sensory and nonsensory brain-modifying factors in determining the psychobiological outcome in animals reared under conditions of environmental complexity and deprivation. Stimulant drugs appear to enhance complexity effects and depressants to reduce them. Hormones affected by hypophysectomy or castration do not appear to interfere with sensory effects, though a progestogen norethynodrel does appear to interact with them. For genetic effects, strain, species and sex may interact, with male hybrids being perhaps most susceptible to environmental effects. The picture which is emerging is of the brain as inextricably linked to its environment and suggests that a full study demands a recognition of the ecological context. This picture of multiway inter-dependencetrain species and sex may interact, with male hybrids being perhaps most susceptible to environmental effects. The picture which is emerging is of the brain as inextricably linked to its environment and suggests that a full study demands a recognition of the ecological context. This picture of multiway inter-dependencetrain species and sex may interact, with male hybrids being perhaps most susceptible to environmental effects. The picture which is emerging is of the brain as inextricably linked to its environment and suggests that a full study demands a recognition of the ecological context. This picture of multiway inter-dependence and interdetermination or "omnideterminism" is similar to the holistic orgnaismic picture of the universe of the millenia-old yogi-consciousness disciplines and of modern physics. PMID- 7002829 TI - Evaluation of the effect of CDP-choline on poststroke hemiplegia employing a double-blind controlled trial. Assessed by a new rating scale for recovery in hemiplegia. AB - A double-blind study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of CDP-choline on functional recovery of hemiplegia. A standardized 12-grade scale (Hemiplegia Function Test) was utilized for the evaluation. The results indicate that for the upper limbs, doses of 1,000 and 250 mg of CDP-choline were superior to placebo at 8 weeks. The higher dose showed an effect at 4 weeks equal to that at 8 weeks while the effect of the lower dose was slower but reached the same level of effect as the higher dose at 8 weeks. Similar results were obtained for the lower limbs but the effectiveness was not statistically significant. The lesser effect for the lower limbs could be attributed to the relatively small number of patients in the early stages of recovery in the present series. No significant differences were found for the effects on subjective symptoms, neurological signs and overall judgment of the physicians. The findings suggest that CDP-choline promotes natural recovery in hemiplegia. PMID- 7002831 TI - Viloxazine: a review of the literature. AB - In animal pharmacological studies viloxazine has shown similarities to imipramine. The antidepressant effects of the substance were independently recognized in seven uncontrolled clinical trials and verified in 11 published standard controlled clinical studies in which viloxazine in the dosage range from 150- to 300-mg dosage was equal in overall therapeutic efficacy to imipramine and amitriptyline, but produced a lower incidence of side effects. PMID- 7002830 TI - Mianserin: determination of therapeutic dose range. AB - Mianserin hydrochloride is a tetracyclic antidepressant with an EEG and clinical activity profile similar to amitriptyline. To investigate the drug's optimal dosage range, a 6-week open comparative trial sequentially assigned 12 depressed patients to one of three dose ranges (60, 90 and 120 mg). Improvement occurred in depressive symptomatology in all three treatment groups. There was no differential improvement noted in any group; however, the incidence of adverse effects was greater in the middle (90 mg) and high (120 mg) dose ranges. PMID- 7002833 TI - The long-term treatment with benzodiazepines: suggestions for further research. AB - While the effects of short-term benzodiazepine treatment have been extensively studied in several well-designed, controlled, clinical trials, further information is needed on the value and risks of anxiolytic drugs when administered over months to maintain chronic patients. Clinical trials on the effects of long-term benzodiazepine treatment present several methodological problems. The aim of this paper is to discuss these problems in relation to samples, drugs and dosage, duration, measures and experimental design. PMID- 7002832 TI - Efficacy and side effects of chloral hydrate and tryptophan as sleeping aids in psychogeriatric patients. AB - The effects of placebo, L-tryptophan 3 g, and chloral hydrate 500 mg on sleep were studied in 19 nonpsychotic, mildly demented, geriatric inpatients. Only chloral hydrate was more effective in inducing and maintaining sleep than placebo. Neither chloral hydrate not L-tryptophan had any significant side effects, but withdrawal of chloral hydrate was associated with insomnia. PMID- 7002836 TI - [Analysis of the medical profession as the foundation for medical education and postgraduate training]. PMID- 7002835 TI - [Criticism as a stimulus--aspects of medical training in the '80s]. PMID- 7002834 TI - [What is an internist?]. PMID- 7002837 TI - [Validity and limitations of multiple-choice testing]. PMID- 7002839 TI - [The proper structuring of graduate education for internists]. PMID- 7002838 TI - [Undergraduate, graduate and continuing medical education in Switzerland]. PMID- 7002840 TI - [Status of continuing education and the desire for continuing education among practicing internists]. PMID- 7002842 TI - [The comatose patient. First aid and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7002841 TI - [Introduction to the theme. Emergency medicine and intensive care. Part II]. PMID- 7002843 TI - [The acute cerebral insult. Differential diagnosis and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7002844 TI - [The acute headache from the neurological viewpoint]. PMID- 7002846 TI - [Lung embolism. Diagnosis and differential therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7002845 TI - [Acute abdomen. Differential diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7002847 TI - [Acute arterial occlusion of the extremities. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7002848 TI - [53-year-old woman with poorly controlled arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7002849 TI - [Current state of medical geography and geomedicine]. PMID- 7002850 TI - [The value of epidemiologic studies of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7002851 TI - [Epidemiology of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7002852 TI - [Possibilities and problems of multifactorial intervention studies in the field of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7002853 TI - [The community as a basis for prevention]. PMID- 7002856 TI - [Fundamental concepts in epidemiology]. PMID- 7002854 TI - [Prediction and early diagnosis of coronary disease. Prospective epidemiologic study of industrial workers in Westphalia]. PMID- 7002855 TI - [How valuable are the legal procedures for the early diagnosis of cancer?]. PMID- 7002859 TI - A simple staining method for blood vessels in flat preparations of ocular tissues. AB - We describe a technique for light microscopic visualization of the vasculature of the retina, choroid, ciliary body, and iris in flat preparations. The technique is based on the intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase, the histochemical demonstration of this enzyme's activity, and the bleaching of the melanin that hinders the visualization of the injected vessels. This technique is reproducible and much simpler than other available methods in which dyes suspended in different media are injected directly into the ocular vessels. PMID- 7002857 TI - [Clinical-pathological conference. Oval focal shadows in the lung after a recurrence of thrombophlebitis in a 55 hear old man]. PMID- 7002858 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells. AB - Rabbit corneal endothelial primary cultures and subcultures with initial high seeding densities (split ratio 1 : 2) and low seeding densities (split ratio 1 : 4) were maintained routinely in Falcon Petri dishes. Ascorbate, 75 microgram/ml, was added daily to experimental cultures to evaluate its effect on growth of endothelial cells. With supplemental ascorbic acid, the cells grew at a slow rate, had a shorter lifespan, and reached a lower cell density at confluency than did control cells. The inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on cell growth was more pronounced with cultures plated at low cell densities and with cells in later passages. Cultures grown with ascorbate contained a greater number of elongated cells and large-sized cells with vacuoles. A basal lamina was observed even in control cultures with no supplemental ascorbate. PMID- 7002860 TI - Insulin concentrations in aqueous humor after paracentesis and feeding of rabbits. AB - Although the lens has been shown to have the capacity to respond to insulin in vitro, little is known concerning the biochemical relationships of insulin to the lens in vivo. Therefore we have measured insulin in the aqueous humor of rabbits by a sensitive radioimmunoassay after paracentesis and feeding. The insulin concentration in aqueous humor was 3% of that in plasma. One hour after paracentesis the aqueous humor insulin concentration was increased sixfold, apparently due to breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, but 1 week after paracentesis it had returned to its original level, apparently because of restoration of the blood-aqueous barrier within that time. After feeding, the aqueous humor insulin concentration was increased by 30% compared to a 175% increase in plasma. Factors influencing the aqueous humor insulin concentration and the possibility of insulin influence on lens metabolism are discussed. PMID- 7002863 TI - Effects of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell supernate on the redevelopment of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW mice in induced remission. AB - Because female NZB/NZW mice develop autoimmune abnormalities similar to those encountered in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a group of female NZB/NZW mice were used to study mechanisms of autoimmunity. These mice were treated daily with an immune suppressive material, 0.5 ml of a concanavalin A stimulated spleen cell supernate (CONS), starting at 30 weeks of age after induced remission with prednisolone. This CONS treatment effectively reduced the proteinuria and the severity of the renal lesions, but failed to reduce the serum anti-DNA antibody level. Thus, the CONS effect on the autoimmunity in the NZB/NZW mice in induced remission appears to result from a more complicated mechanism than reduction in serum anti-DNA antibody level. PMID- 7002861 TI - Is screening for cervical cancer worthwhile? PMID- 7002864 TI - Prevention of the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids by cell-free factors from adjuvant-activated accessory cells. AB - Cultured mouse spleen cells are protected from the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroid hormones by prior treatment with bacterial adjuvants. The mechanisms by which such protection is acquired were further invgestigated in this study. Cell-free factors, termed glucocorticosteroid response modifying factors (GRMF), were obtained from the supernatant fluid of normal resident murine peritoneal macrophages activated in vitro by treatment with lipopolysaccharide. These factors provided protection against steroid immunosuppression in a dose dependent fashion. Two-step experiments show that GRMF treatment results in the recovery of significant amounts of T helper activity which otherwise is suppressed by steroids. Factors with similar biologic activities were also obtained from murine monocytic cell lines. The possible mechanisms by which GRMF protects the immune response are discussed. PMID- 7002866 TI - The major histocompatibility complex: its evolution and involvement in cellular immunity. PMID- 7002862 TI - Survival of BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - In an attempt to develop a single, quantitative method of studying the disease that follows infection of susceptible mice with Mycobacterium lepraemurium, survival of BALB/c mice was measured as a function of time following i.p. inoculation with the organisms. Survival was found to be inversely related to the challenge dose of M. lepraemurium and unrelated to the organ-source of the organisms; survival was prolonged by treatment with isoniazid. Mice infected with M. lepraemurium were protected against i.v. challenge with M. marinum administered early in the disease, whereas they demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to the same challenge administered later. Conversely, prior M. marinum infection of mice in the hindfoot pad conferred protection against subsequent challenge with M. lepraemurium. PMID- 7002867 TI - The Supreme Court and abortion: the irrelevance of medical judgment. PMID- 7002865 TI - The medical treatment of gallstones: a clinical application of the new biology of bile acids. PMID- 7002868 TI - Historical note: thermoluminescent dosimetry (LiF) 1950-51. PMID- 7002870 TI - Smoke inhalation injuries. PMID- 7002869 TI - The pathology of head and neck tumors: fibroadipose tissue and skeletal muscle, Part 8. AB - Benign and malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal cells destined to become lipoblasts and myoblasts affect the head and neck with contrasting frequencies. Lipomas and especially liposarcomas are unusual lesions above the clavicles but when found there behave in a biologic manner identical to that of their counter parts at other anatomic sites. Myogenic tumors, on the other hand, have a predilection for the head and neck, and for rhabdomyosarcomas this predilection is accentuated in childhood. Combination therapy of rhabdomyosarcomas has obviated radical surgery as a method of treatment, and many sites in the head and neck have benefited prognostically by this treatment. Success, however, is dependent on clinical stage of disease, and rhabdomyosarcomas of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and middle ear remain more resistant to short-term cures because of the extent of the neoplasm. A review of the clinicopathologic aspects of granular-cell tumors and alveolar soft-part sarcomas is also presented because it has been suggested that these tumors have a myogenous origin. PMID- 7002871 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7002872 TI - [Results following plastic replacement of the distal fibular ligaments with autologous corium]. AB - The plastic reconstruction of ligaments in the lateral ankle joint in 21 testified and controlled cases furnishes good results. The advantages of ligament repair by autologous corium are above all technical simplicity of the procedure and possibilities of variation and combination with other measures of correction. PMID- 7002873 TI - [Value of the Cialit skin homograft in visceral surgery]. AB - The conservation of skin in Cialit was suggested by SANCHIS-OLMOS in 1954. The process was introduced into Switzerland at the Balgrist Hospital in 1957; it has found many applications in traumatological and orthopaedic surgery. In visceral surgery, on the other hand, the possibilities of this material are often unknow, trough in fact it offers many advantages: great mechanical strength, good tolerance even in an infected environment, perfect sterility, simplicity of manipulation and insignificant cost. We give an account of our ten years' experience, bearing on the following indications: treatment of eventration, plastic surgery of the diaphragm, of the chest wall and of the pericardium, rectopexy and treatment of relapsed hernia. PMID- 7002877 TI - Allozyme variation in natural populations of field vole (Microtus agrestis L.). II. Survey of an isolated island population. PMID- 7002876 TI - [Blood transfusions and kidney transplantation: selection or conditioning of recipients?]. AB - Pretransplant blood transfusions have been shown in retrospective studies to prolong the survival of kidney grafts. We have therefore introduced a new prospective transfusion policy. All patients waiting for a kidney transplant received if possible 5 transfusions at monthly intervals, then 1 every 6 months. From 1.1. 1977 to 31.12. 1978 we transplanted 51 transfused patients. In the present study we investigated: 1. the occurrence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, 2. the time on dialysis until transplantation and 3. the kidney graft survival. 65% of all patients never had antibodies. Only 6 patients produced antibodies with broad spectrum activity. The occurrence of these antibodies did not significantly influence the graft survival. The majority of the patients without antibodies waited 5 months for transplantation. The few hyperimmunized waited far longer, but nevertheless all finally got a transplant. The actuarial graft survival rate at 1 year was 72%. The results of our program with systematic pretransplant transfusions indicate that the advantages of transfusions override the risk of hyperimmunisation. PMID- 7002874 TI - [Cortico-cancellous grafts in infected defect-pseudarthrosis]. AB - Biomechanical studies of stabilizing effect of cortico-cancellous-grafts showed that the resistance of internal fixation is not endangered acutely under a one foot weight bearing situation. The stability of defectosteosynthesis was significantly raised not only when a lateral joist was left but also when a medial cortico-cancellous-graft was fixed. 29 patients with chronical defectosteitis were treated by internal fixation and cortico-cancellous-grafts on the opposite side to improve mechanical stability and to place biological material for bridging. PMID- 7002875 TI - [Ability of cadaver kidneys to recover]. AB - The scarcity in brain death donors may impose to use kidneys from non-heart beating donors. In this paper, we have studied the injuries due to warm in situ ischemia, we also propose a pretreatment to protect the kidneys before removal. We propose the use of intra-aortic catheter for flushing by a femoral surgical approach. Functional studies of these kidneys have been performed during 2 h normothermic ex-vivo perfusion and the recognized good organs have been successful reimplanted after 24 h of cold ischemia. PMID- 7002878 TI - Allozyme variation in natural populations of field vole (Microtus agrestis L.). III. Survey of a cyclically density-varying population. PMID- 7002879 TI - Mechanics of meiosis. PMID- 7002880 TI - Botanical immunocytochemistry: a review with special reference to pollen antigens and allergens. PMID- 7002882 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of intracellular antigens with SEM. AB - A method for the localization of intracellular antigens with a scanning electron microscope using peroxidase-labelling antibodies is described. A search for a hydrogen donor which may be deposited at the sites of antigen by enzymatic action and emit secondary electrons or generate backscatter electrons was made. It was found that when 4-chloro-1-naphthol was used, the peroxidase deposited reaction product which resulted in a strong secondary electron emission at the site of antigen. With this method, the presence of luteinizing hormone in secretion granules and other cytoplasmic structures of gonadotropic cells was demonstrated. The level of detection of intracellular antigens with this method is not as high as that detectable with light microscopical examination of the same specimens, that is, more reaction product at the site of antigen is required to be detectable with scanning electron microscopy than with light microscopy. In spite of the lack of high sensitivity, the intracellular antigens may be localized with the method described. PMID- 7002883 TI - A tribute to Dr Ralph Dougall Lillie (1896-1979). PMID- 7002881 TI - A review of cell surface markers and labelling techniques for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7002885 TI - A method for the measurement of growth of noradrenergic axons in tissue culture and the effects of colchicine thereon. AB - Explants of superior cervical ganglia from 2-day-old mice have been cultured on collagen-coated glass coverslips in modified L15 culture medium (with foetal calf serum) for 5-day periods. Noradrenergic axons were visualized by uptake of alpha methyl noradrenaline and subsequent treatment with buffered 2% glyoxylic acid for fluorescence microscopy. An index of axon growth was obtained by a point-counting method using a coherent multi-purpose test system graticule. The growth indices thus obtained for a sample of control cultures were normally distributed. Examination of a single batch of cultures showed that good agreement was obtained between successive counts by one observer and between counts by two observers. The method gave sufficient resolution to detect with statistical significance a small inhibition of growth by colchicine at 2 ng/ml and to obtain a concentration effect plot for this drug. The acceptability of the method for routine use is discussed. PMID- 7002884 TI - New nitro-monotetrazolium salts and their use in histochemistry. PMID- 7002886 TI - Energy dispersive X-ray elemental analysis of isolated epiphyseal growth plate chondrocyte fragments. AB - Isolated cells of matrix fragments of freeze fractured and freeze dried growth plate from the four species was analyzed by EDX. Cells were removed from the tissue by stereoscopic microdissection using an SEM and mounted on thin film supports on TEM grids: this approach eliminated specimen X-ray background and reduced instrumental and support background levels to insignificant proportions. Chondrocyte and matrix fragments were dissected and analyzed. Cell Ca reaches EDX detectable levels in hypertrophic cells close to the mineralization front. At all stages of maturation, the cells exhibit high P; however, matrix Ca levels are elevated before P. This data suggests that the early cartilage matrix is accumulating Ca and that the cells' role in this process may be to elevate the matrix Ca and P concentration. All cells showed clear S peaks although these are reduced in late hypertrophic cells. With mineralization, matrix S levels fall, indicating a loss of sulfated proteoglycans. Matrix before mineralization contains more K than would be expected from data of previous studies. It is suggested that while this K may be bound to fixed anionic sites in the matrix, reported values for cartilage lymph and extracellular fluid should be reviewed. PMID- 7002887 TI - Demonstration of 2n spermatids in carriers of the "sex reversed" factor in the mouse by Feulgen cytophotometry. AB - The "Sex Reversed" factor (SXY) leads to development of XX males. The condition is transmitted by XY-Sxr males. The testes of XY-Sxr carriers are characterized by patches of defective spermatogenesis with meiotic failure and appearance of extraordinary large spermatids. In the present study DNA content of the large spermatids is determined by Feulgen DNA measurement using a scanning cytophotometer. The large spermatids in XY-Sxr testes are shown to be 2n. PMID- 7002888 TI - Cytochemical investigation of neutral proteases in polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils in acute inflammatory diseases. AB - Neutral proteases can be released from PMN neutrophils in blood smears from healthy subjects by incubation with NaCl-borate buffer. The activity of the PMN proteases can be revealed by the degradation of erythrocytes and plasma within ring-shaped areas centered around each neutrophil (halo effect). During the acute stage of various inflammatory diseases (pneumonia, meningitis, cholecystitis, etc.) the activity of neutral PMN proteases is substantially reduced, as reflected by reduced halo formation. After recovery, halo formation returns to normal. Temporary lowering of neutral PMN proteases is thus one of a series of functional defects of PMN neutrophils which are detectable in the course of acute infectious diseases. These include reduced phagocytosis, altered chemotaxis and reduced bactericidal function. The cytochemical test for neutrophilic granulocyte function used in the present investigation is especially practical by comparison with the other techniques: it saves time and is simple to perform. PMID- 7002889 TI - Plasma renin activity, vasopressin concentration, and urinary excretory responses to exercise in men. AB - Plasma vasopressin concentration (PAVP), renal function, and effectors of vasopressin release were evaluated in male volunteers during running at heart rates of 0, 35, 70, and 100% of maximum after 10 h abstinence from water (normal hydration) and at 100% after ingestion of 300 ml water. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and PAVP were linearly correlated and correlated to work intensity over all observations. Changes in PAVP were not correlated with changes in plasma osmolality (POSMOL) and plasma volume (PV) over all observations. Furthermore, despite similar changes in POSMOL, PV, PRA, body weight, mean arterial pressure, and plasma lactate concentration, the increase in PAVP after maximal exercise was greater during normal hydration than the water-supplemented state. Decreased urine flow observed in association with exercise was characterized by increased free water and decreased osmotic and creatinine clearances. Thus increased PAVP associated with exercise appears not to play a role in the concomitant antidiuresis. Vasopressin stimuli are probably variable at different times during exercise and may include factors other than those measured. PMID- 7002890 TI - Use of epidemiologic data and serologic tests in bovine brucellosis. PMID- 7002891 TI - Tracheal anastomosis in a heifer. PMID- 7002892 TI - Porcine xenografts for treatment of skin defects in horses. PMID- 7002893 TI - The Boberg-Ans posterior chamber lens. PMID- 7002895 TI - Growth spurt in rat cranial bases transplanted into adult hosts. AB - The growth of young rat cranial bases, consisting of the basioccipital, basisphenoid and a fragment of presphenoid bones, transplanted to older sex matched isohistogenic hosts has been studied longitudinally. Detailed figures are given for absolute growth and velocity of growth both in transplants and in situ. Similarities between the pattern of growth of basisphenoid and in particular the timing of the so-called adolescent growth spurt in the transplanted bones and in situ were found. There was less similarity in the pattern of velocity changes in basiocciput. This was attributed to resorption of basion in the transplants. Significant negative correlations were found between host age and basioccipital length in the females and the velocity of growth of the basisphenoid in the males between 47 and 54 days. There was also a trend for host age to be negatively correlated with basisphenoid length in the males. These findings support the view that intrinsic, presumably genetic, factors regulate the pattern of timing of growth velocity changes in the cranial base. PMID- 7002894 TI - Vascular arrangements in hind limb muscles of the cat. PMID- 7002896 TI - Cefoxitin resistance by a chromosomal cephalosporinase in Escherichia coli. AB - Cefoxitin resistance, an unique property found in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was investigated. Cefoxitin resistant strains, 255 and GN206, produced cephalosporinase constitutively. The cephalosporinase was located in the periplasm, and its production was considered to be mediated by chromosomal gene(s). Cephalosporinase-less mutants from both strains were susceptible to cefoxitin as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the cephalosporinase was responsible for the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including cefoxitin. The cephalosporinases from the E. coli strains were partially purified and their enzymological properties were compared with those of cephalosporinases of Citrobacter freundii and Proteus morganii. Although the cephalosporinases of E. coli, as well as other cephalosporinases, showed little activity for cefoxitin-hydrolysis, the E. coli cephalosporinases exhibited a significantly higher affinity for cefoxitin than other cephalosporinases. It was assumed that the E. coli enzyme located around the targets of cefoxitin protected the targets from the antibiotic by its high affinity for the antibiotic. PMID- 7002898 TI - Plasmid studies of drug-resistant epidemic strains of Salmonella typhimurium belonging to phage types 204 and 193. PMID- 7002897 TI - Ovulation and reproductive hormones following steroid pretreatment, calf removal and GnRH in postpartum suckled beef cows. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of calf removal, steroid pretreatment and treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on subsequent reproductive hormone secretion and ovulation. In the first experiment, GnRH was administered to postpartum beef cows at two levels (100 and 250 microgram) and in two carrier vehicles (saline and carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]). Although peak luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were similar for all cows, the interval from treatment to peak LH release and the duration of the LH release was prolonged (P < .05) in the cows that were given GnRH in CMC. In the second experiment, 30 postpartum suckled beef cows were assigned to a 2 X 3 factorial experiment, with calf removal (none or short-term) and steroid pretreatment (none, norgestomet implant or Synchro-Mate B) as main effects. Short-term calf removal consisted of a 36-hr nonsuckling period beginning at the time of implant removal. GnRH (250 microgram in CMC) was injected subcutaneously 24 hr after implant and calf removal. An increased GnRH-induced LH release due to short-term calf removal (P < .05) and steroid pretreatment (P < .10) was detected. The interaction was not significant, however, (P < .25). Therefore, the suckling induced suppression of pituitary LH release to exogenous GnRH can be at least partially eliminated within 24 hr of calf separation of norgestomet implant removal. The GnRH-induced LH release was correlated with pretreatment concentrations of estradiol-17 beta for cows that were not separated from their calves (r = .61; P < .05) but not for cows that were subjected to short-term calf removal (r = .28; P > .10). Ovulation occurred in all cows (100%) that were separated from their calves and given GnRH, whereas only 67% of cows not subjected to calf removal ovulated following GnRH treatment. Although the ovulation responses differed (P < .025) between cows that were and were not separated from their calves, ovulation response was not affected by steroid pretreatment (P > .10). PMID- 7002899 TI - Activity of miconazole against Streptococcus agalactiae. PMID- 7002900 TI - In vivo inoculum effect and resistance selection with cefamandole and cefoxitin against Enterobacter cloacae in mice. PMID- 7002901 TI - Protein identifications on O'Farrell two-dimensional gels: locations of 55 additional Escherichia coli proteins. AB - The resolution of proteins from whole-cell homogenates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is sufficiently reproducible and precise to permit different laboratories to exchange information about them. To the previous total of 81 we add the locations of 55 Escherichia coli proteins determined with the aid of purified proteins and mutant strains supplied by many investigators. The criteria used to establish the identifications of protein spots include migration with marker proteins, altered position or amount in appropriate mutant or plasmid carrying strains, physiological behavior, and peptide map pattern. PMID- 7002902 TI - Temperature-sensitive glutamate dehydrogenase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium defective in glutamate dehydrogenase activity were isolated in parent strains lacking glutamate synthase activity by localizcd mutagenesis or by a general mutagenesis combined with a cycloserine enrichment for glutamate auxotrophs. Two mutants with temperature-sensitive phenotypes had glutamate dehydrogenase activities that were more thermolabile than that of an isogenic control strain. Eight other mutants had less than 10% of the wild-type glutamate dehydrogenase activity. All the mutations were cotransducible with a Tn10 element (zed-2:Tn10) located at approximately 23 U on the S. typhimurium linkage map. These data strongly indicate that this region contains the structural gene (gdhA) for glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7002903 TI - Prophage induction in a permeabilized cell system: induction by deoxyribonucleases and the role of recBC-deoxyribonuclease. AB - Permeabilized cells able to induce prophage were obtained by plasmolysis and preincubation of the cells in a reaction mixture which allows protein synthesis. These cells became permeable to low-molecular-weight proteins and oligonucleotides. We found that deoxyribonucleases (pancreatic deoxyribonuclease and micrococcal nuclease) triggered prophage (phi 80) induction. This deoxyribonuclease-triggered induction was completely dependent upon the presence of functional recBC genes in the lysogen, regardless of the recombination proficiency determined by recBC and sbcB genes. The possible role of recBC deoxyribonuclease in prophage induction and recombination is discussed. PMID- 7002904 TI - Histidine starvation and adenosine 5'-triphosphate depletion in chemotaxis of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Starvation for histidine prevented tumbling in Salmonella typhimurium hisF auxotrophs, including constantly tumbling strains with an additional mutation in cheB or cheZ. However, histidine-starved cheZs hisF strains were not defective in flagellar function or the tumbling mechanism since freshly starved auxotrophs tumbled in response to a variety of repellents. Tumbling in histidine-starved S. typhimurium could be restored in 13 s by addition of adenine or in 4 min by addition of histidine. Chloramphenicol did not prevent restoration of tumbling by these substances. Assays of adenosine 5'-triphosphate were performed based upon previous demonstration of adenine depletion in hisF auxotrophs starved for histidine. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration dropped rapidly during the course of starvation, falling to less than 5% of the initial level as the cells ceased tumbling entirely. The change to smooth motility was prevented by 2 thiazolealanine, which inhibits phosphoribosyltransferase, thereby preventing adenine depletion during histidine starvation. These results suggest that an adenosine 5'-triphosphate deficiency was responsible for the change in tumbling frequency. PMID- 7002905 TI - Regulation of hydrogenase activity in enterobacteria. AB - Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii cells were devoid of hydrogenase activity when grown on complex medium or minimal medium plus glucose in the presence of saturating levels of dissolved oxygen. Anaerobically grown cells had appreciable hydrogenase activity. Cells grown anaerobically in the presence of CO (an inhibitor of hydrogenase) or nitrate (an electron acceptor) lacked hydrogenase activity. To make hydrogenase essential for anaerobic growth, cells were grown on fumarate, a nonfermentable carbon source. P. vulgaris and C. freundii evolved H2 gas under these conditions, and the hydrogenase-specific activity was 8 to 10 times greater than that in cells grown on glucose. Cell growth was inhibited by CO, and the cells grew but lacked hydrogenase activity when grown in the presence of nitrate. E. coli grew on fumarate plus H2, and the specific activity was five times greater than that in cells grown on glucose. Thus, hydrogenase activity is inducible and is expressed maximally when the enzyme is essential for cellular growth. Under conditions of growth where the enzyme would not be catalytically active, cells contain little active hydrogenase. Under anaerobic conditions where the enzyme is not essential for growth, the level of hydrogenase activity is intermediate. PMID- 7002906 TI - Messenger ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism during sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - To investigate differences between growing yeasts and those undergoing sporulation, we compared several parameters of messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription and translation. The general properties of messenger RNA metabolism were not significantly altered by the starvation conditions accompanying sporulation. The average messenger RNA half-life, calculated from the kinetics of incorporation of [3H]adenine into polyadenylic acid-containing RNA, was 20 min on both cell populations. Furthermore, 1.3 to 1.4% of the total RNA was adenylated in both growing and sporulating cells. However, the proportion of RNA that could be translated in a wheat germ system slowly decreased during sporulation. Within 8 h after the induction of sporulation, isolated RNA stimulated half as much protein synthesis as the equivalent amount of vegetative RNA. There were significant differences in protein synthesis. The percentage of ribosomes in polysomes decreased threefold as the cells entered sporulation. This decrease began within 5 min of the initiation of sporulation, and the steady-state pattern was attained within 120 min. However, the ribosomes were not irreversibly inactivated; they could be reincorporated into polysomes by returning the sporulating cells to growth medium. Though unable to sporulate, strains homozygous for mating type, MAT alpha/MAT alpha, showed a similar decrease in the number of polysomes when placed in sporulation medium. Furthermore, the same shift toward monosomes was observed during stationary phase of growth. We conclude that the redistribution of ribosomes represents a general metabolic response to starvation. Our data indicate that the loss of polysomes is most likely caused by a decrease in the initiation of translation rather than a severe limitation in the amount of messenger RNA. Furthermore, the loss of polysomes is not due to the decreased synthesis of a major class of abundant proteins. Of the 400 vegetative proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, only 19 were not synthesized by sporulating cells. Approximately 10 to 20% of the cells in a sporulating culture failed to complete ascus formation. We have shown that [35S]methionine is incorporated equivalently into cells committed to sporulation and cells that fail to form asci. Furthermore, the proteins synthesized by these two populations were indistinguishable, on one-dimensional gels. We compared proteins labeled by various protocols, including long-term and pulse-labeling during sporulation and prelabeling during vegetative growth before transfer to sporulation medium. The resulting two-dimensional gel patterns differed significantly. Many spots labeled by the long-term techniques may have arisen by protein processing. We suggest that pulse-labeling produces the most accurate reflection of instantaneous synthesis of proteins. PMID- 7002907 TI - Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mak mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The K1 killer plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a 1.5-megadalton linear double-stranded ribonucleic acid molecule. Using simplified screening and complementation procedures, we have isolated mutants in three chromosomal genes that are temperature sensitive for killer plasmid maintenance or replication. One of these genes, mak28-1, was located on chromosome X. Two of the temperature sensitive mutants rapidly lost the wild-type killer plasmid of A364A during spore germination and outgrowth at nonpermissive temperatures, but during vegetative growth, they only lowered the plasmid copy number. These two mutants did not lose two other wild-type K1 killer plasmids, indicating a heterogeneity of the killer plasmids in laboratory yeast strains. PMID- 7002909 TI - Simplified fluctuation test to distinguish liquid holding recovery from cell multiplication in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. AB - Improved plating techniques and a fluctuation test have been used to distinguish between liquid holding recovery of ultraviolet-irradiated cells and cell multiplication in Escherichia coli. Among tested strains, only recA mutants showed true recovery. PMID- 7002908 TI - Identification of an actin-like protein and of its messenger ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have identified a yeast protein that resembles actins from other eucaryotes in its tight binding to pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I, its copolymerizaton with purified muscle actin, its one-dimensional peptide map, and its apparent polymerization into 7-nm filaments. The yeast actin-like protein yielded a single spot on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that a single protein species was present. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the actin-like protein had an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 compared with 42,000 for muscle actin. In an attempt to identify the messenger ribonucleic acid coding for the actin-like protein, yeast polyadenylic acid-rich ribonucleic acid was translated in wheat germ and reticulocyte cell free protein-synthesizing systems. The actin-like protein was identified among the translation products of the reticulocyte system by its tight binding to deoxyribonuclease I, its comigration with the in vivo-synthesized actin-like protein during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an the similarity of its peptide map to that of the in vivo-synthesized protein. A yeast protein synthesized in the wheat-germ system was also found to bind to deoxyribonuclease I and to copolymerize with muscle actin. However, its apparent molecular weight was about 35,000, suggesting that it was a product either of incomplete translation or of proteolytic cleavage of the actin-like protein. PMID- 7002911 TI - Deletion of the penicillin-binding protein 5 gene of Escherichia coli. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli that has a deletion of the entire dacA gene has been constructed. The complete lack of penicillin-binding protein 5 in this strain establishes that the activity of this protein is not essential for the growth of E. coli. PMID- 7002910 TI - OmpC and LamB proteins can serve as substitute receptors for host range mutants of coliphage TuIa. AB - Coliphage TuIa, which uses the OmpF protein as a receptor, can adapt by mutation to using instead the OmpC or LamB protein, or both. Most of the phage mutants retained the ability to use the OmpF protein, when present, but one class of mutants lost this ability and could only use the OmpC protein. PMID- 7002912 TI - Suppression of polarity in the gal operon by ultraviolet irradiation. AB - The polarity of nonsense mutations in the galE gene of Escherichia coli can be suppressed by rho mutations (O. Reyes et al., J. Bacteriol. 126:1108-1112, 1976). We show here that this polarity can also be suppressed by ultraviolet irradiation. The effect is analogous to that already observed for polar nonsense mutations in phi X174 and S13 and suggests that ultraviolet irradiation suppression of polarity may be a general phenomenon. PMID- 7002913 TI - Overproduction of outer membrane protein suppresses envA-induced hyperpermeability. AB - A quantitative study on outer membrane components was performed in a number of envelope mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 exhibition different permeability properties for antimicrobial agents. The envA1 allele causing an increased influx for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs was found to be associated with a deficiency in the amount of lipopolysaccharides. The sefA1 envA1 double mutant was found to have a higher outer membrane buoyant density, apparently due to an increase in protein content. This double mutant was still low in lipopolysaccharide content. PMID- 7002916 TI - Single turnover kinetic studies of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis and peptide formation in the elongation factor Tu-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - The rates of GTP hydrolysis and peptide formation during the reaction of Phe-tRNA . elongation factor Tu . GTP complex with acetyl-Phe-tRNA polyuridylate programmed ribosomes have been measured. The GTPase reaction is second-order up to reactant concentrations of 0.2 microM and has a rate constant of 5 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 5 degrees C and 5 mM Mg2+, pH 7.2. The formation of peptide shows a lag phase and has a rate constant of 0.4 S-1 under these conditions. The results of a series of experiments between 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C show that GTP hydrolysis and peptide formation have Arrhenius activation energies of 13.1 and 15.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. The results indicate that these reactions proceed in vitro at rates comparable to those observed for protein biosynthesis in vivo, and that peptide bond formation occurs after GTP hydrolysis. PMID- 7002915 TI - Construction of an Escherichia coli strain unable to synthesize putrescine, spermidine, or cadaverine: characterization of two genes controlling lysine decarboxylase. AB - We have previously described a polyamine-deficient strain of Escherichia coli that contained deletions in speA (arginine decarboxylase), speB (agmatine ureohydrolase), speC (ornithine decarboxylase), and speD (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase). Although this strain completely lacked putrescine and spermidine, it was still able to grow at a slow rate indefinitely on amine-deficient media. However, these cells contained some cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane). To rule out the possibility that the presence of cadaverine permitted the growth of this strain, we isolated a mutant (cadA) that is deficient in cadaverine biosynthesis, namely, a mutant lacking lysine decarboxylase, and transduced this cadA gene into the delta (speA-speB) delta speC delta D strain. The resultant strain had essentially no cadaverine but showed the same phenotypic characteristics as the parent. Thus, these results confirm our previous findings that the polyamines are not essential for the growth of E. coli or for the replication of bacteriophages T4 and T7. We have mapped the cadA gene at 92 min; the gene order is mel cadA groE ampA purA. A regulatory gene for lysine decarboxylase (cadR) was also obtained and mapped at 46 min; the gene order is his cdd cadR fpk gyrA. PMID- 7002914 TI - Characterization of promoter-cloning plasmids: analysis of operon structure in the rif region of Escherichia coli and isolation of an enhanced internal promoter mutant. AB - Using the promotor-cloning vehicle described by An and Friesen (J. Bacteriol. 140:400-410, 1979), Escherichia coli chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid fragments derived from the lambda drifd18 transducing phage were cloned in one of several unique restriction endonuclease sites adjacent to tetracycline(tet) genes that lack their own promotor. One of these plasmids has been used to isolate nine variants having mutations that lie in a putative internal promoter which is located between rplL and rpoB. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis revealed that, in all nine mutants, a single base change, C to T, in the ribonucleic acid polymerase recognition site led to a large increase in promoter activity. Analysis of a variety of plasmids in which tet is fused to various promoters yielded the following results: (i) rplK and rplA, genes for ribosomal protein L11 and L1, respectively, were cotranscribed from a common promoter located upstream from rplK; (ii) there was a strong promoter in the region between the rplKA operon and rplJ, the gene for ribosomal protein L10; (iii) an attenuator region was located between rplL, the gene for ribosomal protein L12, and rpoB, the gene for ribonucleic acid polymerase subunit beta; (iv) transcription terminated immediately after rpoC, the gene for ribonucleic acid polymerase subunit beta'; (v) a gene coding for unknown protein U, which is located between tufB and the rplKA operon, had its own promoter; (vi) the tufB gene was separated from all of the genes described above and had its own promoter. PMID- 7002917 TI - 15-Oxygenated sterols. Enzymatic conversion of [2,4]3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one to cholesterol in rat liver homogenate preparations. AB - 5 alpha-Cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one is a very potent inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis in animal cells in culture (G. J. Schroepfer, Jr., E. J. Parish, H. W. Chen, and A. A. Kandutsch (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8975-8980) and has significant hypocholesterolemic activity upon dietary administration to normal animals (G. J. Schroepfer, Jr., D. Monger, A. S. Taylor, J. S. Chamberlain, E. J. Parish, A. Kisic, and A. A. Kandutsch (1977) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 78, 1227-1233). In the present study we have prepared [2,4-3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14) en-3 beta-ol-15-one by chemical synthesis. This compound has been shown to be convertible to cholesterol upon incubation with the 10,000 X g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates under aerobic conditions. The efficiency of this conversion was higher in preparations derived from male rats than in those obtained from female rats. Labeled 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol was also isolated and characterized as a product of the metabolism of the labeled delta 8(14)-15-ketosterol. The demonstration of the enzymatic conversion of 5 alpha cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one to cholesterol in liver preparations suggests that previous estimates of the biological potency of this compound may be much lower than the true values and/or that metabolites of this compound may be the active species responsible for its biological actions. PMID- 7002919 TI - Structure of the metal.nucleotide complex in the yeast phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase reaction as determined with diastereomeric phosphorothioate analogs of ATP. PMID- 7002918 TI - Purification and properties of penicillin-binding proteins 5 and 6 from Escherichia coli membranes. AB - Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 5 and 6 in the cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli K12, which had previously been co-purified as a penicillin sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidase IA (Tamura, T., Imae, Y., and Strominger, J. L. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 414-423), were each purified to protein homogeneity. Purification involved selective solubilization of PBPs 1a, 5, and 6 from membranes by Triton X-100 at low ionic strength, covalent penicillin affinity chromatography, and CM-cellulose column chromatography. Purified PBP 5 and PBP 6 each catalyzed a D-alanine carboxypeptidase I activity using various natural and synthetic substrates including linear uncross-linked peptidoglycan. PBP 5 showed 3- to 4-fold higher specific activities toward these substrates than PBP 6. Both PBPs also catalyzed a model transpeptidase activity using glycine as a transpeptidation acceptor, and showed similar pH profiles and MgCl2 sensitivities for their D-alanine carboxypeptidase I activities. Both PBPs bound a stoichiometric amount of [14C]penicillin G at saturation. Peptide mapping by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after partial proteolysis by proteases and cyanogen bromide demonstrated that these PBPs are distinct polypeptides. PMID- 7002920 TI - A fully active, two-active-site, single-chain sucrase.isomaltase from pig small intestine. Implications for the biosynthesis of a mammalian integral stalked membrane protein. AB - Detergent-solubilized pig intestinal sucrase . isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48-EC 3.2.1.10) was purified 40 to 100 times with a yield of 10 to 20% by a rapid immunoadsorbent technique. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and was essentially free of other known brush border peptidases and disaccharidases. Intestinal sucrase . isomaltase isolated from pigs with intact pancreatic ducts consisted of two polypeptide chains with apparent molecular weights of 140,000 and 150,000, respectively. In contrast, the enzyme isolated from pigs in which the pancreas was completely disconnected from the duodenum 3 days before killing migrated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate as a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 260,000. Treatment with pancreatic proteases in vitro converted the large polypeptide chain into bands with molecular weights equal to or somewhat larger than those of sucrase . isomaltase purified from normal pigs. No increase of enzymatic activity could be detected during this transformation. It is suggested that the single-chain sucrase . isomaltase represents a precursor, which is converted to the final sucrase . isomaltase in vivo by pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. This is one of the few examples in vertebrates of a single polypeptide chain carrying two enzymatically active sites. The significance of the result for the mechanism of the biosynthesis of sucrase . isomaltase is discussed. PMID- 7002921 TI - Distribution of [18O]Pi species from [gamma-18O]ATP hydrolysis by myosin and heavy meromyosin. Evidence for two kinds of myosin-active site differing in their rate of intermediate oxygen exchange. PMID- 7002922 TI - Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in isolated hamster heart. PMID- 7002923 TI - Biosynthetic control of the natural abundance of carbon 13 at specific positions within fatty acids in Escherichia coli. Evidence regarding the coupling of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis. AB - Stable carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) at natural abundance levels have been determined for individual carbon atoms in each of the major phospholipid fatty acids of Escherichia coli grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. Two models were constructed for the isotope effects and carbon flow pathways which must be responsible for the observed isotopic fractionations. Both models incorporate a branch in the carbon flow at which fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) is utilized either for complex lipid synthesis or for elongation by fatty acid synthetase. Depletion of carbon 13 in the carboxyl groups of myristic and palmitoleic acids (relative to carbonyl groups in precursor acyl-ACP's) was observed to occur at this branching site. Only one of the models was consistent both with this observation and with the observation (Silbert, D. F., Ruch, F., and Vagelos, P. R. (1968) J. Bacteriol. 95, 1658-1665) that exogenous fatty acids are incorporated into phospholipids but are not elongated. The successful model has free fatty acid as the intermediate product coupling fatty acid biosynthesis to phospholipid synthesis. Essential to this pathway are those reactions catalyzed by thioesterases I and II as well as acyl-ACP synthetase, enzymes whose roles have previously been unknown in vivo. PMID- 7002924 TI - Biosynthesis of pancreatic polypeptide. Identification of a precursor and a co synthesized product. AB - Pseudoislets obtained by gyrotational incubation of purified endocrine cells from canine duodenal pancreas were incubated with [3H]leucine and [35S]methionine to study the biosynthesis of pancreatic polypeptide. Gel filtration of islet extracts demonstrated two major radiolabeled peptides which were immunoprecipitable with antisera against pancreatic polypeptide. One had a molecular weight similar to that of pancreatic polypeptide (4300), whereas the other had an apparent molecular weight of about 9000. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the larger labeled peptide co-migrated with a large immunoreactive form of pancreatic polypeptide which reacts in immunoassays directed towards the NH2-terminal region of pancreatic polypeptide, but not in an assay depending on the COOH-terminal tyrosine amide. Sequential Edman degradation of both immunoprecipitable labeled peptides identified [3H]leucine at position 3 and [35S]methionine at position 17, positions which align with the leucine and methionine residues in the NH2-terminal sequence of pancreatic polypeptide. In pulse-chase labeling experiments, the larger peptide appeared early and disappeared rapidly, whereas pancreatic polypeptide and an additional smaller peptide appeared later and reached a plateau as th precursor was processed. That both pancreatic polypeptide and the smaller peptide arise from the same precursor was further supported by electrophoretic mapping of the tryptic fragments from the three peptides. We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide and a peptide with a molecular weight of 2500 to 3000 are co-synthesized from a larger precursor and that the pancreatic polypeptide sequence is located at the far NH2-terminal end of the precursor form. PMID- 7002925 TI - DNA site recognition and overmethylation by the Eco RI methylase. PMID- 7002926 TI - Deduction of kinetic mechanism in multisubstrate enzyme reactions from tritium isotope effects. Application to dopamine beta-hydroxylase. AB - Primary tritium isotope effects have been measured for the hydroxylation of [2 3H]dopamine catalyzed by dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Experimental values vary from 8.8 +/- 1.4 at 0.02 mM oxygen to 4.1 +/- 0.6 at 1.0 mM oxygen. It is shown that the observed dependence of the isotope effect on oxygen concentration provides unequivocal evidence for a kinetically significant dissociation of both dopamine and oxygen from enzyme . ternary complex. This approach, which is applicable to any multisubstrate enzyme characterized by detectable kinetic isotope effects, provides an alternate to classical methods for the elucidation of kinetic order in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 7002927 TI - Stereochemistry of the myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase reaction. AB - Experiments with D-glucose-6-P stereospecifically tritiated at C-6 showed that the myo-inositol-1 P synthase reaction catalyzed by both the enzyme from beef testis and from pollen of Lilium longiflorum proceeds with stereospecific loss of the pro-6R and incorporation of the pro-6S hydrogen into the product. The ring closure thus occurs in a retention mode at C-6 of the substrate, a finding at variance with an earlier report, but in agreement with the stereochemistry recently determined for the reaction in Streptomyces flavopersicus and with the general stereochemical mode of operation of aldolases. PMID- 7002928 TI - Molecular basis for substitution mutations. Effect of primer terminal and template residues on nucleotide selection by phage T4 DNA polymerase in vitro. AB - The DNA-dependent conversion of incorrect deoxynucleoside triphosphate precursors to monophosphates (turnover) by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase was determined using either poly(dA) x (dT) or poly(dG) x (dC) homopolymer templates. Competition between correct and incorrect triphosphates for incorporation into DNA, and the use of chain-terminating dideoxynucleoside triphosphates enabled us to determine the amount of turnover occurring at the end of each strand of the homopolymer duplex (e.g. amount of turnover of dATP occurring at the 3'-OH of poly(dG) and the 3'-OH of poly(dC)). These determinations suggest that nearest neighbor interactions between incoming dNTPs and the growing strand terminal residue play a major role in the occurrence of substitution errors during DNA synthesis in vitro byDNA polymerase. When considered together with existing evidence from studies of turnover (Gillin, F. D., and Nossal, N. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 5225-5232) and direct incorporation (Hall, Z. W., and Lehman, I. R. (1968) J. Mol. Biol. 36, 321-333) these results demonstrate that pyrimidine pyrimidine and purine-purine as well as purine-pyrimidine oppositions have a role in error production at least during DNA replication in vitro. The implications of these results for the role of the "accessory" replication proteins in maintaining accuracy during the DNA biosynthetic process are discussed. PMID- 7002929 TI - Effect of glucosylation of lipid intermediates on oligosaccharide transfer in solubilized microsomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol and Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are substrates for the N-glycosylation of endogenous proteins in Triton X-100-solubilized yeast microsomes. The solubilized oligosaccharide transferase requires Mn2+ for activity; neither Mg2+ nor Ca2+ is an effective substitute. The pH optimum of the transfer reaction is between 6.5 and 7.5. Unlike animal systems, which utilize glucosylated oligosaccharide-lipid to a much greater extent than the unglucosylated species as a donor in the transferase rection, yeast extracts transfer more than 70% of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2 from their respective oligosaccharide-lipids to proteins. However, the rate of N-glycosylation in vitro is approximately 25-fold faster with Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol than with Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol. The apparent Km value for the glucosylated species is 75 nM, while that for the unglucosylated glycolipid is 55 nM. PMID- 7002931 TI - Purification and properties of proteinase A from yeast. AB - Proteinase A (EC 3.4.23.6) was purified from commercial bakers' yeast in five steps, including hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography. After the last step the enzyme appeared homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in the analytical ultracentrifuge. A molecular weight of 41,500 was determined for proteinase A. The amino acid composition includes 43% polar residues and 12% aromatic amino acids. Proteinase A is a glycoprotein containing 7.5% mannose and 1% of glucosamine and galactosamine. The temperature and the pH stability of the enzyme have been determined. At pH 6, the proteinase exhibits a remarkable stability even in 6 M urea. Proteinase A splits hemoglobin with an optimum at pH 3.0 and casein and azocasein with an optimum at pH 6.0. The enzyme is inhibited by pepstatin, diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and by 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitro-phenoxy) propane. PMID- 7002930 TI - Structural, enzymatic, and genetic studies of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases I and II of Escherichia coli. AB - Beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases I and II of Escherichia coli were purified and characterized. Synthase I was shown to have a molecular weight of 80,000 +/- 5,000 and to be composed of two similarly sized subunits. Synthase II had a molecular weight of 85,000 +/- 5,000 and also was apparently homodimeric. Gel electrophoresis of partial proteolytic digests demonstrated that synthases I and II share few if any common peptides. Synthases I and II also were shown to be unrelated by immunological criteria. An improved assay for beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase activity gave kinetic parameters for synthases I and II at both 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C using five long chain acyl-acyl carrier protein substrates. The properties of synthase II are consistent with the proposed role of this enzyme in the modulation of fatty acid synthesis by temperature. fabF mutants of E. coli lack synthase II. The fabF locus was mapped at min 24.5 of the E. coli genetic map and the clockwise map order was found to be pyrC, fabD, fabF, purB. PMID- 7002932 TI - The evolution of human disease: new findings and problems. PMID- 7002933 TI - Anatomy of the microvasculature of the tibial diaphysis of the adult dog. AB - The microvasculature in the cortex and marrow of the adult canine tibial diaphysis was filled with the silicone elastomer Microfil, the bone was decalcified, and the water was replaced with methylsalicylate to permit three dimensional visualization of the microvascular arrangements. The tibial nutrient artery was seen to supply the marrow and the cortex via parallel, independent sets of arterioles and terminal capillary beds. No arteriolar or capillary anastomoses were observed linking these separate beds. The major portion of the venous drainage was found to be via small venules through the cortex into periosteal veins. Many small venules draining the medullary capillaries penetrated the cortex, and there were a few larger emissary veins, including the nutrient vein. Because the marrow and cortex have separate capillary beds in parallel, microsphere deposition should be appropriate for estimating the regional blood flows. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study should be of concern to surgeons who perform whole diaphyseal bone replacements, as the effluent venous vessels are important in re-establishing the circulation by microsurgical methods. PMID- 7002934 TI - Habituation of a mammary aplastic carcinoma on diabetic conditions. AB - Hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia accompanied the i.m. growth of mammary aplastic carcinoma in CBA mice. In hosts rendered diabetic by means of alloxan, the tumor decreased blood glucose levels to almost the level seen in non-diabetic mice. Tumors maintained in diabetic mice grew faster after each subsequent transplantation into diabetic mice, and we noted increased incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA of these tumor cells. The observed proliferation enhancement of mammary aplastic carcinoma maintained in diabetic mice is caused by de novo insulin and glucagon synthesis, apparently by the tumor cells themselves. PMID- 7002936 TI - Mitochondrial protein synthesis in Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) synchronized by isoleucine deprivation. AB - Mitochondrial protein synthesis was measured in line CHO cells after phases of the cell cycle were synchronized by isoleucine deprivation or mitotic selection. Maximum incorporation of [3H] leucine into mitochondrial polypeptides occurred within 2 hours after isoleucine was added to initiate G1 traverse. In cells synchronized in G1 by mitotic selection, the rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis was fairly constant throughout the cell cycle. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profiles of labeled mitochondrial polypeptides were similar in cells synchronized by either isoleucine deprivation or mitotic selection. Obvious changes in the distribution of polypeptides were not detected during various phases of the cell cycle. The increased rate of incorporation of [3H] leucine into mitochondrial polypeptides after reversal of G1-arrest may indicate that mitochondrial protein synthesis and possibly mitochondrial biogenesis are synchronized in CHO cells deprived of isoleucine. PMID- 7002935 TI - Maintenance of glucokinase activity in primary hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 7002937 TI - Microtubule-organizing centres in mammalian cells in culture. AB - When microtubules in animal cells are dissociated and then allowed to recover, they re-grow from discrete points in the cytoplasm known as microtubule organizing centres (MTOC). The microtubules may be dissociated by antimitotic drugs such as colcemid, vinblastine and griseofulvin, or by chilling the cells. Immunofluorescence studies show that the number of MTOC seen does not depend on the concentration of antimitotic drug used or the duration of exposure to the drug; the same results are obtained with vinblastine, griseofulvin and colcemid. However, after cold treatment, the proprotion of cells showing only a single MTOC is greater than that seen with the antimitotic drugs and may exceed 90%. Evidence is presented for the view that procedures involving the use of antimitotic drugs give artificially high values for the number of MTOC per cell. PMID- 7002939 TI - Abnormal microtubule deployment during defective macronuclear division in a Paramecium mutant. AB - The tam 8 mutant of Paramecium tetraurelia is a representative of a class of mutants characterized by abnormal nuclear divisions during binary fission and the failure of trichocysts to attach to the plasma membrane. Compared with wild-type organisms the following abnormalities occur in tam 8 individuals. (I) The spherical interphase macronucleus is not positioned near the oral apparatus; it is randomly located in the cytoplasm of interfission organisms. (2) The macronucleus does not migrate towards the anterior dorsal cortex as its division starts, nor is it dorsally and subcortically positioned as it elongates. (3) Elongating macronuclei exhibit variable and irregular shapes. (4) This elongation is delayed and reduced. (5) Longitudinally oriented microtubules assemble in the nucleoplasm of dividing macronuclei but their spatial deployment is abnormal. (6) Unequal segregation of micronuclei between daughter organisms occurs during binary fission. The abnormal arrangement of nucleoplasmic microtubules provides support for the proposal that a microtubule sliding mechanism is involved during the elongation of dividing macronuclei. The extent to which macronuclear division may be controlled by the cell cortex is considered in relation to tthe pleiotropic effects of the tam 8 mutation. PMID- 7002938 TI - Microtubule-organizing centres in binucleate cells and homosynkaryons. AB - Immunofluorescence studies showed that most binucleate Vero cells formed by virus induced fusion or by inhibition of cytokinesis had a single microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) when examined during the reassembly of microtubules after chilling, but two or more organizing centres when examined after exposure to colcemid. These findings suggest that although binucleate cells initially contain more MTOC than mononucleate cells, the extra MTOC are normally aggregated, so that the number of MTOC in binucleate cells tends to be reduced very quickly to that in mononucleate cells. PMID- 7002940 TI - The effect of fibronectin and substratum-attached material on the spreading of chick embryo mesoderm cells in vitro. AB - Endoblast and hypoblast tissue, dissected from early chick embryos, was explanted and cultured on glass or plastic substrata. These tissues grew rapidly to form epithelial sheets. Under the same conditions, mesoderm, dissected without the aid of dissociating agents, grew poorly. After 24 h in culture, the mesoderm explants consisted of a sparse outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells. When pieces of mesoderm were seeded onto the dorsal surface of the epithelia, however, the cells penetrated the sheet and rapidly spread on the substratum within 4 h. If the epithelial sheet was detached from the substratum and the mesoderm then seeded onto areas of substratum previously occupied by epithelium, similar rapid spreading occurred. This effect could be produced in the absence of serum. The method used to remove the epithelium (EDTA, detergent or manual dissection) did not influence the result. When the substratum-attached material (SAM) was examined by scanning electron microscopy, 2 types of material were seen. One type appeared to be the remains of detached filopodia and cytoplasmic lamellae, while the other appeared to be of extracellular origin. Both these types reacted positively by immunofluorescence using anti-fibronectin serum. SAM derived from mesoderm reacted negatively. When mesoderm was cultured in the presence of plasma fibronectin on unmodified plastic or glass, spreading was complete in 4-5 h and thus was similar to mesoderm seeded onto SAM. The morphology of mesoderm explants on SAM or in the presence of plasma fibronectin was more epithelial than on untreated substratum in normal medium. Hypoblast and endoblast cultured in the presence of anti-fibronectin serum failed to spread normally, apparently being unable to attach to the substratum. Mesoderm did not spread rapidly on SAM in the presence of this antiserum. Cycloheximide reversibly inhibited the spreading of hypoblast and endoblast, and this effect could be eliminated, at least for hypoblast, by the addition of plasma fibronectin. Covering attachment sites on the substratum with bovine serum albumin, thereby preventing the attachment of SAM or fibronectin, also inhibited spreading. It is proposed that mesoderm cells have low levels of surface fibronectin in comparison with endoblast and hypoblast, and that this results in a comparatively low adhesiveness, which is important for its morphogenetic activity within the embryo. PMID- 7002941 TI - Adhesion and spreading of Limulus blood cells on artificial surfaces. AB - The horseshoe crab Limulus has a single cell type in the blood, the granular amoebocyte. These cells, which are non-adhesive and non-motile in the blood, transform to an adhesive and motile state following extravasation. In the present study, the events of transformation were studied by time-lapse microcinematography of cells plated on to glass. Following attachment of cells to the glass, the cells protrude filopods and engage in active motility. Motile cells show 2 convertible forms; a contracted form and a reversibly flattened form. Eventually the motile cells undergo irreversible flattening which is accompanied by spontaneous degranulation. The shapes of irreversibly spread cells are influenced by the arrangement of cell-substrate contacts established prior to degranulation, and by the pattern of contact of domains of granule-derived membrane introduced into the cell surface during granule exocytosis and their subsequent endoctyosis by the cell. The clottable protein released by spontaneous degranulation of the amoebocytes undergoes gelation in the absence of bacterial endotoxin. The ability to undergo spontaneous gelation stands in marked contrast to the absolute requirement for endotoxin for gelation of the clottable protein present in 'Limulus amoebocyte lysate', a commercially valuable preparation obtained from amoebocytes used to detect endotoxin. PMID- 7002942 TI - Inhibition of fibronectin-mediated adhesion of hamster fibroblasts to substratum: effects of tunicamycin and some cell surface modifying reagents. AB - Using baby hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblasts we have studied the effect of tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of protein glycosylation, on the ability of trypsinized cells to attach and spread onto fibronectin. Tunicamycin inhibited mannose incorporation into total acid-precipitable glycoproteins by at least 95% while glucosamine and leucine incorporation were less or hardly inhibited. Hydrolysis and analysis of [3H]glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins showed that radioactivity incorporated into cells exposed to tunicamycin was present predominantly as galactosamine, presumably present in O-glycosidically linked glycan chains whose assembly is insensitive to the drug. Treated cells exhibit reduced amounts of surface-associated fibronectin and adhere relatively poorly to plastic or collagen surfaces pre-coated with plasma or BHK cell-derived fibronectins at the minimum concentrations required to induce nearly quantitative attachment and spreading of untreated cells. Drug-treated cells do adhere and spread into a bipolar configuration on surfaces saturated with fibronectin. Cells treated with tunicamycin and then grown in the absence of the drug revert to a more normal behaviour, indicating that under certain conditions the effects of the drug are reversible. Fibronectin-mediated spreading of trypsinized BHK cells is also inhibited by pre-treatment of cells with several non-penetrating reagents reactive with cell surface amino groups, namely pyridoxal phosphate, trinitrobenzene sulphonate and fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate. Analysis of surface substitution indicates a strong correlation between the extent of amino group substitution and inability of treated cells to interact with a fibronectin lattice. While the extent of attachment under these conditions is normal, cells pretreated with a specific non-penetrating thiol reagent, p chloromercuribenzenesulphonate fail to attach to fibronectin-coated culture dishes in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that a biochemical distinction can be made between the processes of attachment and spreading. We conclude that both N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate moieties of BHK cell surface glycoproteins and primary amine groups present in surface proteins or lipid head groups play a role in interactions of cells with fibronectin, leading to the formation and maintenance of a stable well-spread morphology. Both N-linked glycans and surface sulphydryl groups appear to be required for an attachment process which precedes spreading. PMID- 7002943 TI - Nuclear non-chromatin proteinaceous structures: their role in the organization and function of the interphase nucleus. PMID- 7002944 TI - Orientation of calvaria and periodontal ligament cells in vitro by pairs of demineralized dentine particles. AB - Rat calvaria cells (RC cells) and monkey periodontal ligament fibroblasts (MPL cells) were cultured for 4-6 days with demineralized dentine, acid-washed glass particles or untreated glass particles to determine whether the presence of these particles can affect the orientation of the cells. Encapsulation of dentine particles began as early as the first day in culture and occasional cells were attached to, and oriented between adjacent particles. Multilayers of cells formed along the periphery of the dentine particles and the more superficial of these cells projected outwards in a radial fashion. Oriented cell sheets were evident between dentine particles after 3 days in culture. Finally, the cell sheets tore away from the surface of the culture fish to give rise to thick multilayered cellular bridges between dentine particles. The nuclear orientation index (ratio of L/W) for each RC cell lying between 15 randomly selected pairs of each particle type in 4-day cultures was measured along 2 axes; the length represented by the shortest distance between the 2 particles and the width perpendicular to this axis. The nuclear orientation index was 1.52 for cells between dentine, 1.13 between acid-washed glass and 1.06 between untreated glass. Control measurements of cells associated with single particles were 1.06, 1.09 and 1.06 respectively. The frequency of cellular orientation occurring between dentine particles was significantly greater than that occurring between acid-washed glass particles (chi 2 > 0.001) which in turn was significantly greater than that for untreated glass particles (chi 2 > 0.001). The observations and results suggest that the development and maintenance of the observed cell orientation depends upon development and maintenance in the cell sheet of tensional forces oriented parallel to the axis between the dentine particles, and that this is related directly to the capacity of the cells to attach to the particles. PMID- 7002945 TI - [Comparative study on anastomotic surfaces obtained after using mechanical suture in digestive surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the theoretical values of the anastomotic surfaces obtained after using mechanical suture clips of American origin in digestive surgery. The EEA clip enables circular anastomoses to be obtained immediately. The anastomotic surface is defined by the capsule used, whatever the diameter of the digestive tube. The TA clip determined, by using the triangulation principle, anastomoses that have a tendency to become circular. The anastomotic surface varies as a function of the digestive tube diameter and may reach much higher values. With the GIA clip, laterolateral anastomoses can be obtained which are complete by closure of the outgoing orifice of the apparatus. Large variations in anastomosis surface are obtained according to the method used to close the orifice. This study supplies a new aspect of mechanical sutures. It gives the surgeons, who agrees with this suturing method, a supplementary element of choice for the anastomotic procedure. PMID- 7002946 TI - Capillary column gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic compounds: a review. PMID- 7002948 TI - Paradoxical prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone during weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - A paradoxical rise in plasma PRL values was observed in anorexia nervosa patients during the course of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone infusion. This rise was more prominent in patients who had gained 1 kg or more in body weight during the week before the infusion than in those whose body weight was constant. PMID- 7002947 TI - Neurotensin infusion in man: pharmacokinetics and effect on gastrointestinal and pituitary hormones. AB - Synthetic neurotensin was infused into five healthy subjects at a mean dose of 2.3 pmol/kg . min for 30 min, producing a rise in plasma neurotensin concentrations, measured by RIA of 104 +/- 10 (mean +/- SEM) pmol/liter. The mean disappearance half-time on stopping the infusion was 3.8 +/- 0.2 min. The MCR was 16 +/- 1 ml/kg . min, and the apparent space of distribution was 88 +/- 6 ml/kg. During the neurotensin infusions, plasma pancreatic polypeptide rose by 145 +/- 54 pmol/liter. In contrast to results in experimental animals, there was no significant change in the pulse or blood pressure of the subjects or any significant change in blood glucose or plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, gastrin, motilin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. Similarly, there was no change in plasma concentrations of TSH, GH, PRL, LH, and FSH. PMID- 7002950 TI - Angiotensin and adrenal steroidogenesis: study of 21-hydroxylase-deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The effects of angiotensin have been studied in four adult patients with the simple virilizing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. They were treated with hydrocortisone (25 mg/day) throughout this investigation. Plasma ACTH was normal in three cases, and androstenedione was normal in all cases. However, urinary pregnanetriol, plasma 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP), aldosterone, and renin activity was increased. The patients were then submitted to three protocols: sodium depletion (10 meq Na/day) for 5 days, sodium repletion (200 meq Na/day) for 5 days, and angiotensin infusion (sufficient to maintain a pressor response) for 60 min. Urinary pregnanetriol, plasma 17 OHP, and androstenedione levels increased in all patients after sodium depletion and decreased after sodium repletion. Plasma ACTH levels were not modified by changes in the sodium balance. Furthermore, angiotensin infusion increased aldosterone and 17 OHP plasma concentrations without any change in the plasma ACTH level. This study shows the direct action of angiotensin on adrenal steroidogenesis, at least in 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It confirms that even in the simple virilizing form, combined treatment with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids helps to normalize plasma 17 OHP levels. PMID- 7002949 TI - Acid-induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in man. AB - This study has assessed the effect of oral or intraduodenal HCl, administered alone or in combination with glucose, on gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin secretion. Eight young males were given the following three oral tests: 30 g glucose, 150 cc 0.1 N HCl and the glucose-acid combination. Another group of eight controls received intraduodenal infusions of 20 g glucose, 75 cc 0.1 N HCl and their combination. All tests were performed in a random fashion at weekly intervals. When given alone, HCl did not influence glucose or insulin levels. However, HCl did produce an increase in GIP. The GIP response to acid was less than that to glucose and was delayed. The peak insulin and GIP responses with the glucose and glucose/acid combinations were similar with both the oral and intraduodenal routes. There was, however, a potentiation of both the GIP and insulin responses when intraduodenal acid was given with glucose. This effect on GIP and insulin was not evident with the oral glucose/acid load. It is concluded that HCl by itself is capable of stimulating GIP secretion. Since there was only a potentiation of insulin and GIP secretion when large doses of HCl were given together with glucose via the intraduodenal route, the physiological relevance of acid-induced GIP secretion remains to be resolved. PMID- 7002951 TI - The adrenal medullary response to hypoglycemia in patients with orthostatic hypotension. AB - The epinephrine response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia has been studied in patients with orthostatic hypotension and in control subjects. Normal subjects had a brisk increase in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels which occurred at the nadir of plasma glucose levels. After the nadir of hypoglycemia, glucose recovery was biphasic, with an initial rapid rise in glucose, followed by a more gradual return to normoglycemia. In a group of 16 patients with orthostatic hypotension, 12 had deficient plasma catecholamine responses to hypoglycemia, and of these, 7 had almost no plasma epinephrine response. Comparison of the plasma epinephrine responses and the course of plasma glucose elevations indicated that a mean plasma epinephrine level of over 200 pg/ml is necessary for the rapid initial phase of glucose recovery. There does not appear to be any relationship between the etiological basis of the autonomic dysfunction and deficient epinephrine response. PMID- 7002952 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) in cultured amniotic fluid cells. AB - The synthesis of pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was studied in amniotic fluid cell cultures using RIA, immunoperoxidase, and immunofluorescence techniques. SP1 was found by RIA in all 11 sonicates and in 21 of 26 culture media. The SP1-immunoreactive material was immunologically similar to maternal serum SP1. Immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence staining were positive in large cells identified as epithelial amniotic cells by labeling with antikeratin antibodies. Fibroblast-like cells were occasionally found in cultures, but they did not contain demonstrable amounts of SP1. The physiological significance of the findings presented remains unclear. PMID- 7002953 TI - Insulin receptors on monocytes and erythrocytes from obese patients. AB - Insulin receptors were studied in monocytes and erythrocytes [red blood cells (RBC)] isolated from 15 normal and 15 nondiabetic obese outpatients on an unrestricted diet. Insulin binding on both monocytes (P < 0.001) and RBC (P < 0.01) was higher in normal than in obese subjects due to different receptor concentrations. In some obese patients, binding to monocytes was decreased, while binding to RBC was normal. These data demonstrate that obese out-patients on an unrestricted diet have a reduced number of insulin receptors. It is suggested that interpretation of insulin binding based upon RBC should be used with caution, since a discrepancy exists in some subjects in the results obtained with these cells and monocytes. PMID- 7002955 TI - Efficacy of three projective techniques in differentiating brain damage among subjects with normal IQs. AB - Obtained substantial differentiation between brain-damaged (N = 25) and non-brain damaged (N = 25) groups of average intelligence with the WAIS, Rorschach and Hand Test. The use of projective tests in diagnosing neurological impairment was encouraged, but it was cautioned that brain damage and IQ are heavily interrleated, sometimes in complex ways, and that reliable signs of organicity may vary with the Ss level of intelligence. PMID- 7002954 TI - Erythrocyte insulin binding in obese children and adolescents. AB - Insulin binding studies in obese patients have been limited to adults due to the relative inaccessibility to tissues for study in the pediatric age group. Insulin binding to the erythrocytes (RBCs) of 9 obese pre-pubertal children, 8 obese adolescents, and 10 obese adults was studied. There was a mean decrease of 15% of insulin binding in the obese patients (P < 0.02 vs. controls). Calculation of receptor concentrations by means of Scatchard plots showed a mean 30% reduction in insulin receptors on the RBCs of obese patients as a group (P < 0.001 vs. controls). The binding of insulin and receptor concentration were inversely proportional to the fasting plasma insulin concentration (= -0.60 and -0.44, respectively). These correlations were significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The mean empty site receptor affinity (Ke) was significantly increased in obese patients, but only partially compensated for the loss of receptors with respect to total insulin bound over the physiological range of insulin concentrations. The results of binding studies in the obese adults were similar to those in the children and adolescents, and agreed with published reports of insulin binding in obese adults using adipocytes or monocytes as the source of insulin receptors. The observed decrease in insulin binding to the RBCs of obese children and adolescents correlated with fasting hyperinsulinemia and, therefore, may contribute to the etiology of the insulin resistance or glucose intolerance observed in these patients. PMID- 7002957 TI - IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Twenty-three cases of IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis are presented. In 18, IgM was the sole localising host immunoglobulin, and it was the predominant globulin in five; C3 was also present in 18. Light microscopy revealed variable diffuse and global mesangial proliferation in all cases, with additional focal global sclerosis in 16, focal segmental sclerosis in 15, and small capsular crescents in seven. Material for electron microscopy was available from 19 patients; in 13, occasional intramesangial electron dense deposits were identified, and in 18 there were irregular, rather ill defined areas of increased electron density in mesangial regions. Clinically, 14 patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome, and nine had asymptomatic proteinuria. During follow-up, only 10 patients showed no change in renal function or improved; the remainder showed increasing hypertension and/or renal function deterioration and four developed end stage renal failure. It is suggested that IgM associated mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis should be considered as a distinct clinicoimmunopathological entity. PMID- 7002956 TI - Distribution of fibronectin in normal and diseased human kidneys. AB - The distribution of fibronectin in 42 renal biopsies was investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin sections of formalin-fixed material. Biopsies were obtained from normal human kidneys and from patients with a variety of glomerular disorders. In normal glomeruli, fibronectin was present in Bowman's capsule, in the mesangium, and outlining peripheral capillary loops. A significant increase in fibronectin was observed in most types of glomerulopathy with a distribution closely related to the histopathological diagnosis. Fibronectin was diminished or absent in segmental scars, old diabetic nodules, and hyalinised glomeruli. PMID- 7002958 TI - Effects of fixation and processing on immunohistochemical demonstration of immunoglobulin in paraffin sections of tonsil and bone marrow. AB - A number of fixatives were tested to determine their suitability for use with the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for demonstrating immunoglobulin in paraffin sections of tonsil and trephine samples of bone marrow. It was found that tonsil fixed in 'isotonic' solutions of formaldehyde reacted with the PAP method only after the sections had been trypsinised. Several other fixatives, including Bouin's fluid, Carnoy's fluid, and solutions containing mercuric chloride, gave tissues which reacted without trypsinisation of sections, and particularly good results were obtained with formol saline to which acetic acid (2-10%) had been added. A combination of acetic acid (10%) formol saline and formol sublimate also gave excellent results with bone marrow. The influence on the PAP method of a number of steps in the processing of tissues and sections was also examined. PMID- 7002960 TI - Differentiation of enteropathogenic Campylobacter. PMID- 7002959 TI - Bullous impetigo caused by Streptococcus salivarius: a case report. AB - A 19-month-old child presented with bullous impetigo around the perineal region, penis, and left foot. Streptococcus salivarius was the only isolate recovered from the lesions. The child was treated with parenteral penicillin, debridement of the bulli, and local application of silver sulphadiazine cream. This case of bullous impetigo illustrates another aspect of the pathogenicity of Strep. salivarius. PMID- 7002961 TI - Antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7002962 TI - Identification of parvocellular vasopressin and neurophysin neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of a variety of mammals including primates. AB - The presence of parvocellular vasopressin- and neurophysin-containing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated in 13 mammalian species representing six mammalian orders (marsupials, rodents, lagomorphs, artiodactyls, carnivores, and primates), using specific antisera to vasopressin and neurophysin in the unlabelled antibody=enzyme immunoperoxidase method. In all mammals examined, including man, parvocellular vasopressin and neurophysin neurons were found in the SCN. Only a portion of SCN neurons contain vasopressin and neurophysin, the number varying with species. Cell counts comparing the number of immunoreactive to Nissl-stained neurons showed averages of 17% immunopositive neurons in the rat SCN, and 31% in the human SCN. No oxytocin-containing SCN neurons were observed. These findings suggest that parvocellular vasopressin and neurophysin neurons are widely represented in mammals. PMID- 7002963 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain. AB - Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining, utilizing a specific antibody to the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), was employed to analyze gliogenesis in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys ranging in age from embryonic day 38 (E38) to birth (E165) and through the second postnatal month. All major subdivisions of the brain contain glial cells, recognized by the presence of dark brown horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction product. Neuronal elements are not stained with this immunocytochemical technique. The first class of glial cells to appear during development are the radial glial cells; the radial fibers fan out from the ventricular and subventricular zones, where their cell bodies reside, to the pial surface where they terminate with conical endfeet. These glial cells appear within the first third of gestation, being present in the spinal cord and brainstem by E41; in the diencephalon by E45; and in the telencephalon and cerebellum by E47. The next class of glia to appear is the Bergmann glial cell of the cerebellar cortex, which can be stained by E54. Bergmann glial cells located below the Purkinje cell layer issue parallel processes which extend up to the pial surface. Within each major subdivision of the brain, massive numbers of elongated glial fibers continually alter their distinctive patterns to maintain constant ventricular-pial surface relationships during the major tectogenetic changes which occur throughout embryonic development. In Nissl-counterstained sections columns of migrating neurons are observed juxtaposed to GFA-positive radial and Bergmann glial fibers. Radial glial cells assume a variety of transitional forms during the process of their transformation into maturea astrocytes. This transformation occurs in each structure at specific embryonic ages and is initiated after neuronal migration has begun to subside. The number of astroglial cells increases at an accelerated pace after neurogenesis is complete. The immunohistochemical localization of radial fibers at relatively early stages of embryonic development indicates that glial cells are present concomitantly with neurons, raising the possibility that at least two distinct populations of cell precursors compose the proliferative zones. Furthermore, the demonstration of large numbers of radial glial cells in all brain regions during the peak of neuronal migration and a close structural relationship between elongated glial fibers and migrating neurons support the concept that glia play a significant role in the guidance and compartmentalization of neuronal elements during development. PMID- 7002964 TI - Fees and therapy: clarification of the relationship of payment source to service utilization. PMID- 7002965 TI - A two-year clinical study of a carvable composite resin used as class II restorations in primary molars. PMID- 7002966 TI - Dental materials: 1978 literature review. Part I. PMID- 7002968 TI - Bacterial contamination of dental handpieces. PMID- 7002967 TI - Dental materials: 1978 literature review. Part II. PMID- 7002969 TI - Comparison of hyperlipidemia in dialysis patients, renal transplant recipients, and steroid treated nonrenal patients. AB - Serum lipids were studied in 25 stable renal transplant recipients 3-60 months after transplantation, 25 stable patients maintained on hemodialysis, and 16 steroid-treated patients with normal renal functions. Lipid abnormalities were found in 72% of the transplant patients and 52% of dialysis patients. The mean serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the transplant and the dialysis group than age and sex matched controls, but were not significantly elevated in the steroid-treated patients with normal renal function. The mean cholesterol levels were normal for the transplant and steroid-treated groups, but significantly reduced in the dialysis group. There was a significant correlation between the triglyceride levels and the reciprocal of creatinine clearance suggestive of a possible etiologic relationship. PMID- 7002970 TI - The biocompatibility of dental implant materials measured in an animal model. AB - The biocompatibility of two implant materials, vitallium and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), was evaluated in an animal model in which bone formation and resorption are independent of each other. Neither material accelerated resorption, but formation was inhibited 12% by vitallium and 38% by PMMA. When three PMMA preparations varying in monomer content were tested, the data exhibited a dose-response relation, suggesting that inhibition of bone formation was due to the presence of residual monomer. PMID- 7002971 TI - Correlation between macroscopic porosity location and liquid metal pressure in centrifugal casting technique. AB - Radiographic analysis of uniform cylindrical castings fabricated by the centrifugal casting technique has revealed that the macroscopic porosity is dependent on the location of the sprue attachment to the casting. This is attributed to the significant pressure gradient associated with the centrifugal casting technique. The pressure gradient results in different heat transfer rates at portions of the castings near and away from the free surface of the button. Consequently, the macroscopic porosity is invariably at portions of the casting close to the free surface of the button. In addition, some optimized sprue reservoir combinations could be predicted and proved, based on this pressure gradient concept. PMID- 7002972 TI - Teaching electroplating of crown and bridge impressions in dental schools--a survey. PMID- 7002973 TI - The Presidents. Henry A. Smith, 1881-1882. PMID- 7002974 TI - Treatment of the myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: psychological aspects. AB - Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome is a stress-related disorder that involves muscle hyperactivity. Psychological treatments should: reduce muscle tension by relaxation procedures, modify the psychological antecedents to the muscle tension, and modify the psychological consequences to the muscle hyperactivity. The scope of the treatment for the myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome should be commensurate with the scope of the problem. Patients with brief transient pain, usually associated with discrete problems, should have commensurate, brief, limited interventions, such as a relaxation therapy practiced at home via a tape recording. Patients with long-term problems should have commensurate, longer, more extensive interventions that perhaps include modifying the behavior, the antecedents, and the consequences. These issues may be those that predict failure of treatment by the dentist who uses an occlusal therapy as well as the psychologist who uses a relaxation therapy. PMID- 7002975 TI - Root morphology--clinical significance in pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease. AB - Root morphology is a seldom considered yet extremely important factor in the treatment of periodontal disease. The shape of the roots may contribute to development of periodontal defects by providing an environment favorable to the retention of plaque. The practitioner should periodically review root morphology and give it appropriate importance during planning and treatment. In this study, teeth with representative root anatomy were sectioned and photographed. The photographs are intended as a visual presentation of various root morphologies and their potential implications in the practice of periodontics. PMID- 7002976 TI - Factors that influence clinical responses to administered corticosteroids. PMID- 7002977 TI - Physical urticaria/angioedema: an experimental model of mast cell activation in humans. AB - Urticaria and angioedema may occur in skin and mucus membranes when mast cells are activated by various physical stimuli, including trauma, pressure, vibration, light, cold, heat, and (in rare cases) water. Experimental challenge of patients with cold-induced and cholinergic urticaria/angioedema in particular provides an in vivo model of mast cell activation in humans. This model synthesizes observations of the evolution of clinical manifestations, histologic analysis of tissue alterations, measurement of mediators released into the circulation, and assessment of leukocyte motility. The model in turn allows a characterization of mediators that exist preformed in mast cell granules or that are generated through interactions with other cell types. Release of these mediators produces a variety of biologic effects, including elaboration of certain enzymes and alterations in venular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte motility, and the release of substances from other cell types. PMID- 7002978 TI - Alternation in both insulin release and its hypoglycemic effects in atopic bronchial asthma. AB - In 31 patients with atopic bronchial asthma in clinical remission and in 21 healthy sex- and age-matched subjects, the responses to intravenous tolbutamide (1.0 gm) and insulin (0.1 U/kg) were studied over a period of 2 hr. In response to tolbutamide, asthmatics released significantly less insulin, but their blood glucose levels did not differ from those of controls. Asthmatics also reacted to tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia with significantly greater output of growth hormone to blood. Following intravenous injection of insulin, the recovery of the blood glucose concentrations was significantly reduced in asthmatic patients. More economical use of insulin and increased responsiveness to its hypoglycemic action, together with the well-known reduction in hypoglycemic effects of catecholamines in bronchial asthma, might explain why asthmatics rarely develop diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7002979 TI - The eyes have it. PMID- 7002980 TI - The characteristics of podiatric care in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 7002982 TI - Podiatric educational programs in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 7002981 TI - The foot and systemic disease in the Veterans Administration: a quantitation of the relationship between systemic disease and pedal problems. PMID- 7002983 TI - Treatment of delayed union of a fifth metatarsal by compression osteosynthesis. PMID- 7002984 TI - Improved stop-flow apparatus to measure permeability of human red cells and ghosts. AB - An improved stop-flow apparatus has been designed and constructed to measure the permeability characteristics of human red cells, which can be inferred from the time course of red cell volume changes following a sudden change in cellular environment produced by a raped mixing device. The improved apparatus is directly coupled to a computer which automates the subtraction and averaging procedures that have been developed to minimize the noise generated in the system by the cessation of red cell forward motion when the flow is suddenly stopped. Real time data acquisition also makes it possible to increase the number of data points by an order of magnitude, thus improving accuracy significantly. The apparatus has been tested by measurements of the human red cell hydraulic permeability coefficient. Data are presented to validate the subtraction procedure. Experiments have also been carried out on red cell ghosts which indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the ghost is similar to that of the undisturbed red cell. PMID- 7002985 TI - Photoacoustics in life sciences. AB - Photoacoustic (PA) measurements provide, by the very nature of the PA effect, the possibility to obtain information on the optical and thermal properties of samples. In addition they can yield information on the enthalpy changes and characteristic times involved in photo-induced processes as the acoustic signal is proportional to the hear produced following the absorption of the modulated excitation. In the study of optical properties the relative insensitivity to scattered light of the PA signal makes such measurement an attractive way to measure biological samples in vivo, or, at least, without the need to isolate the absorbing compounds. The dependence of the PA signal on the thermal properties of the sample is particularly useful when heterogeneous samples are studied. As a photocalorimetric method the technique shows considerable promise in the study of photo-bioenergetics, especially photosynthesis. Only in special cases can analytical applications of the PA method compete with fluorescence measurements for detection, and with increasingly sophisticated optical transmission and reflectance techniques (for identification).. However, the PA method may find important uses in fundamental research and in applied areas such as biomedicine and agricultural biochemistry. PMID- 7002986 TI - [Penetrating keratoplasties (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate the specular microscopy study of 19 penetrating keratoplasties. Seven of them were associated with an intra-ocular lens. The mean cell density is 1 100 cells/SQ. MM. The endothelial cell density does not differ in the two series. One graft remains clear with 330 cells/SQ. MM. PMID- 7002987 TI - Statute and legislative history of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and its impact on agriculture. AB - This report discusses the responsibilities of government for the legislation of pesticides, and describes the impact of various statutes on the use of pesticides in agriculture. Governmental responsibilities for management of the economy, education, and enactment of laws and regulations are discussed, and the history of U.S. legislation of pesticides and related substances is presented. Finally, the impact of pesticide regulation on international trade is considered. PMID- 7002988 TI - Induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals by pesticides: A review. AB - The induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in mammals is summarized including both enzymes of the cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal mixed function oxidase system and glutathione S-transferases. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of pesticides as inducers, the early work being summarized while investigations carried out at North Carolina States University are considered in greater detail. Finally, the possible significance of induction is considered. PMID- 7002989 TI - Perspectives of the chemical fate and toxicity of pesticides. AB - The wide-spread use of pesticides in modern agriculture has created a need to investigate the chemical transformation of pesticides in plants and animals. This paper reviews the chemical and biochemical fate of various pesticides and other xenobiotics. Photochemical mechanisms appear to be the most common pathways for the abiotic transformation of these chemicals. Biotic transformation includes a large group of biochemical reactions which may result in either deactivation (detoxication) or activation (toxication) of bioactive compounds. The need for quality control in the production of pesticides is also discussed. PMID- 7002990 TI - The mechanism of delayed neuropathy caused by some organophosphorus esters: using the understanding to improve safety. AB - The mechanism of delayed neurotoxicity of some OP (organophosphorus) esters such as DFP (di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate) and TOCP (tri-o-cresyl phosphate) involves an initial two-step process affecting an esterase called NTE (neurotoxic esterase). This understanding permits the assessment of delayed neuropathic potential in terms of a quantitative measurement of inhibition of NTE in tissue taken from dosed hens. Structure/activity relationships have been rationalized and the neurotoxic potential of those OP esters which are direct inhibitors of esterases may now be assessed in vitro. The response of human NTE can usefully be compared with that of hen NTE. Nil delayed neurotoxic potential is associated with carbamate or phosphinate anticholinesterases which may be designed as insecticides. PMID- 7002991 TI - An overview of short-term tests for the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of pesticides. AB - In the last few years, marked progress has been made in the development of methods for evaluating the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of pesticide chemicals. The correlation of genetic and related biological activity in short term tests with carcinogenic activity in whole animals allows the utilization of short-term mutagenicity bioassays to prescreen chemicals for effects related to mutation induction and presumptive carcinogenicity. In addition, bioassays now available can measure directly the chemical transformation of normal cells in culture into cells capable of producing tumors when injected into animals. This paper will review briefly the major types of relevant short-term tests and will develop a rationale for a phased approach to the evaluation of the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals. This approach involves the sequential application of bioassays which are organized into a three-level matrix emphasizing first detection, then confirmation, and finally hazard assessment. Chemicals demonstrating positive results in the short-term detection systems and confirmatory bioassays are pursued in higher level whole animal define a negative result. The phased approach should facilitate a cost effective utilization of limited testing resources and provide protection for human health in proportion to the anticipated hazard. Results obtained in evaluating a series of thirty eight pesticide chemicals according to the phased approach discussed in detail. PMID- 7002992 TI - Mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of pesticides. AB - A discussion of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of various classes of commonly used pesticides. Classes discussed include halogenated hydrocarbons organophosphorus insecticides, and certain herbicides and fungicides. Halogenated hydrocarbons were found generally hazardous, causing sterility and displaying marginal or definite carcinogenic activity. Several organophosphorus insecticides have been shown to be mutagens; some have been shown to be carcinogens. Both the herbicide impurity tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, TCDD, and maleic hydrazide have been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. The role of DNA as a critical target for carcinogenic activity is also discussed. PMID- 7002993 TI - Mutagenicity evaluation of chemical pesticides. AB - Over the last few decades, the use of chemical pesticides has increased dramatically in the U.S. This relatively sudden increase greatly concerns the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), since it has the responsibility for ensuring the safety of all pesticides used in the U.S. In response to this concern, EPA has established a review program, the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR), for periodically reassessing the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of pesticide compounds. This paper presents a review and evaluation of the data reported in the literature on six chemical pesticides suspect for mutagenic potential. The pesticide chemicals discussed are maleic hydrazide; rotenone; monuron; diallate; triallate, and benomyl. PMID- 7002995 TI - Current publications in gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 7002994 TI - Physical fitness, aging, and psychomotor speed: a review. AB - The robustness of a relationship among physical fitness, psychomotor speed, and aging is discussed by reviewing the descriptive and correlational evidence provided by studies from several different research areas. These areas are those that relate psychomotor speed to (a) athletic status, (b) physical fitness status, (c) physical conditioning training programs, (d) hyperbaric oxygenation treatment, and (e) presence of cardiovascular disease. Several potential physiological mechanisms that might support such a relationship are discussed under the general categories of brain function and cerebral circulation, and the trophic influence of physical activity on the central nervous system. PMID- 7002996 TI - Life cycle: a social-simulation game to improve attitudes and responses to the elderly. PMID- 7002997 TI - Endoscopic treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 7002998 TI - Cimetidine, metoclopramide, or placebo in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7002999 TI - Hemosiderosis without cirrhosis: an unusual case of portal hypertension. AB - A renal transplant recipient presented with bleeding esophageal varices. Needle biopsy, later confirmed by operative wedge biopsy, showed slight periportal fibrosis but no cirrhosis or hepatitis. No etiology for his liver disease could be determined and he could not be differentiated from other reported patients with idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (IPH). His liver biopsy did show massive hepatic iron deposition. He had received about 115 units of blood while on hemodialysis and had taken oral iron supplementation for 8 years. IPH has been associated with toxin exposure, especially arsenic and vinyl chloride. This case suggests that excessive iron deposition may also lead to IPH and the indiscriminate use of iron supplementation in hemodialysis or renal transplant patients should be avoided. PMID- 7003000 TI - Location of the ADH gene in the onion fly using a translocation tester set. PMID- 7003001 TI - Immunohistologic analysis of the organization of normal lymphoid tissue and non Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Hoping to improve the systems for identifying and classifying normal and malignant lymphoid subpopulations, frozen and paraffin sections of nonmalignant lymphoid tissue and of malignant lymphomas were immunostained for surface (S) and cytoplasmic antigens using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Primary follicle cells and follicle mantle cells known to be part of the recirculating B-cell pool were found to be constantly Ia and C3 receptor (C3R) positive, mostly SIgM and SIgD positive and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) negative. The light zone of germinal centers (GC), which is rich in centrocytes, contained a large number of T cells and showed the well-known intercellular Ig network pattern; the dark zone, containing densely packed centroblasts, was usually free of T cells, but was bordered ay a mantle-like accumulation of T cells. Usually only some of the GC cells were definitely positive for SIg and CIg of different classes. All cells reacted positively for Ia and C3R. In areas described by other authors as containing marginal zone cells, cells densely bearing SIgM and deficient in SIgD were detected. The immunoblasts of the hyperplastic plasma cell reaction usually contained CIg. Cells from chronic lymphoid leukemia sections that immunostained for SIgM and SIgD were interpreted as representing a neoplasm of recirculating B cells expressing SIgM and SIgD. The immunohistologic architecture of follicular centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma showed a more or less close similarity to the organization of secondary follicles. Lymphomas whose cells resembled reactive centrocytes were strongly SIgM positive and SIgD negative or only weakly SIgD positive. CIg was demonstrable in nearly 90% of the lymphomas whose cells resembled centroblasts and in 70% of the lymphomas whose cells resembled immunoblasts of the plasma cell reaction. Finally, immunohistologic staining results from a T-zone lymphoma are presented, which confirm that this lymphoma was composed of a neoplastic T zone and a non-malignant B zone. PMID- 7003002 TI - The nature of the immunoglobulin-containing cells in malignant lymphoma: an immunoperoxidase study. AB - Using the immunoperoxidase technique, an attempt has been made to accurately characterize immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells in 185 cases of human malignant lymphoma. By applying a variety of antisera Ig synthesizing cells can be distinguished from cells taking up Ig from the environment. The use of thin (1 mu) paraffin sections has permitted detailed comparison to be made between Ig synthesizing cells of follicle center cell lymphomas and those of reactive follicle centers in human tonsils. Using cell pellets, similar comparison has been made with peripheral blood lymphocytes synthesizing Ig following stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. In follicle center cell lymphomas Ig synthesis is a function of cleaved and noncleaved follicle center cells, not plasma cells, and these cells are strikingly similar to Ig synthesizing cells normally present in nonneoplastic reactive follicle centers and the cells that synthesize Ig following pokeweed stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. these results suggest pathways of B-cell maturation different from those commonly proposed and help to clarify certain inconsistencies in the classification of malignant lymphomas. PMID- 7003003 TI - Detection of T and B cell antigens hybridoma monoclonal antibodies: a biotin avidin-horseradish peroxidase method. AB - Acetone-fixed frozen sections of reactive lymph node, spleen, three B cell lymphomas, and three T cell lymphomas were studied for the presence of Ia-like antigens and two T cell antigens. Detection of the binding of the hybridoma monoclonal antibodies to these antigens took advantage of the biotin-avidin interaction. The detection method employed a biotin conjugate of goat anti-mouse antibody and an avidin conjugate of horseradish peroxidase. B cell lymphoma cells stained for Ia. The cell lymphomas were shown to be heterogeneous for the expression of the two T cell antigens. these three antigens were generally not detectable after 10% formalin fixation of B-5 fixation. Detection of these antigens and the method employed should prove useful in the immunologic categorization of human lymphomas. PMID- 7003004 TI - Immunohistologic studies of lymphoma: past, present, and future. PMID- 7003005 TI - Are histochemical methods for estrogen receptor valid? AB - Because of the great usefulness of estrogen receptor determinations in selecting therapy for breast cancer patients a number of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods for visualizing bound estrogen in cells and tissue sections have been proposed. We discuss all of these histochemical methods in the light of the known properties of the estrogen receptor and other estrogen binders, and we consider some criteria that must be met if such methods are to be considered valid for receptor. In spite of the great potential value of histochemical methods, we are forced to conclude that, in their present form, none of them are likely as yet to be detecting estrogen receptor. PMID- 7003007 TI - Renin in the submaxillary gland: a review. PMID- 7003006 TI - Biologically active polypeptides in submandibular glands. AB - Since the discovery of kallikreins in the submandibular glands in 1963 by Werle and Roden, a great number of biologically active polypeptides has been purified from, or claimed to be present in, the submandibular of the mouse and of other species. In this review, available data on the occurrence, chemical properties, localization, hormonal control, synthesis, secretion, and possible physiologic roles of 25 biologically active factors in mouse submandibular gland are analyzed. In general, these factors are androgen dependent, but not affected by the sex genotype, and are localized in the granular convoluted tubule cells in the gland. They are secreted into the saliva, but are also found in the circulation. Their physiologic roles are largely unknown. PMID- 7003008 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system in exocrine organs. PMID- 7003009 TI - The distribution and functions of the enkephalins. AB - The enkephalins are two pentapeptides with pharmacological properties similar to narcotic drugs. These peptides are widely distributed in the central nervous system. The basal ganglia contain particularly high concentrations of enkaphalins. In the caudate nucleus ultrastructural studies show that enkephalin is contained within synaptic vesicles. Similar observations have been made with respect to enkephalin containing neurons in th A2 nucleus of the medulla and locus ceruleus. In the caudate, lower intensity staining for enkephalin can also be seen in the dendrites of enkephalin positive neurons. Staining for enkephalins is also widely distributed outside the central nervous system. The myenteric plexus in particular contains many enkephalinergic fibers and cell bodies. In addition, enkephalin-containing endocrine cells are found in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These endocrine cells also contain serotonin. Enkephalins have also been detected in several sympathetic ganglia. In some cases postganglionic neurons have been shown to contain enkephalin. SIF (small intensely fluorescent) cells and nerve terminals within sympathetic ganglia also show enkephalin positive staining. Many cells of the adrenal medulla show positive staining for enkephalin. PMID- 7003010 TI - Urinary excretion of thiodiglycollic acid and hepatic content of free thiols in rats at different levels of exposure to vinyl chloride. AB - In order to assess the process of oxidation and conjugation involved in biotransformation of vinyl chloride (VC), rats were exposed to 50, 200, 500, 1000 and 20,000 ppm inhaled VC. The rate of urinary excretion of thiodiglycollic acid (TDGA) after exposure to each investigated concentration of VC depends on the activity of microsomal monooxygenase. In general, higher levels of TDGA in urine were reflected by a more significant depression of non-protein sulfhydryl content in the liver of rats, whereas no changes were observed in those with inhibited activity of microsomal monooxygenase and depressed urinary levels of TDGA. The significance of alcohol dehydrogenase in the metabolism of low concentrations of VC has not been confirmed. Metabolism of VC in the range of 50--2 000 ppm is mediated by microsomal monooxygenase followed by conjugation with thiols. PMID- 7003011 TI - Improved cell surface radioiodination of macrophages. AB - Rabbit alveolar macrophages at high cell concentrations are inefficiently radiolabeled by the usual lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination method. Soluble macromolecules secreted by macrophages were found to inhibit the radioiodination of macrophages and other cells. A modified procedure is described which minimizes the presence of such inhibitory material and thereby considerably improves the radioiodination efficiency for both alveolar macrophages and the macrophage-like P388D1 cell line. PMID- 7003012 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in porcine nasal and tracheal secretions--the influence of the method of collection. AB - Lavage and tampons were assessed, as methods of obtaining respiratory tract secretions, by comparing the immunoglobulin content of porcine nasal and tracheal secretions collected by both methods. The IgA: IgG ratio was lower in secretions collected on tampons than in those collected from a corresponding region of the tract by lavage. It is suggested that this difference was the result of epithelial damage caused by the tampon and leakage of serum proteins into the secretion. Lavage was adopted as the most suitable method of collecting respiratory tract secretions. There was no significant difference (P > 0.1) between the IgA: IgG ratio in nasal and tracheal secretions collected by this method.U PMID- 7003013 TI - Direct fluorescent labeling of cells with fluorescein or rhodamine isothiocyanate. I. Technical aspects. AB - A rapid and simple method of cell labeling by stable conjugation with fluorescein or rhodamine is described. Viable cells are incubated under benign conditions (near physiologic pH in normal media) with free fluorescein or tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate, and are adequately separated from unreacted fluorochrome by washing or centrifugation through fetal calf serum. The effects of the pH, the time and temperature of incubation, and the concentration of cells, fluorochrome, and free protein in the media are described. The method labels all cell types, although to different degrees. Fluorescence microscopy reveals fluorescence throughout the cell, although chromatin appears relatively spared. Cellular fluorescence is fairly stable at 4 and 25 degrees C, decays rapidly at 37 degrees C, but is nonetheless visible for days even at this temperature. In the case of lymphocytes, intense fluorescence is obtained without affecting cell viability, and without alteration of the ability to mount a graft versus host response. PMID- 7003014 TI - In vitro methods in haemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. PMID- 7003015 TI - Light scattering and absorption--developments in immunology. AB - Fluid-phase immunoprecipitation analysis has undergone two distinct paths of development. One path utilizes existing absorptiometric equipment while the other relies on apparatus constructed specifically for the measurement of scattered light. The principles and instrumentation employed in light scattering and absorption techniques are reviewed with special reference to their applications in immunology. The main features of available analysers are summarised in the table. Specialised equipment is becoming increasingly sophisticated and expensive and it is important to assess critically the benefits, if any, that such apparatus may offer compared with more conventional devices. The latter are often capable of performing the same function with greater versatility. A good quality bench spectrophotometer is a more appropriate multi-purpose laboratory instrument than a specialised nephelometer with its more limited application. The equipment of choice for automated immunochemical protein quantitation, however, is the centrifugal analyser. The capital outlay is compensated for by high throughput, development potential and reduced consumption of reagents (i.e. antisera). PMID- 7003016 TI - Partition affinity ligand assay (PALA). A new approach to binding assays. AB - A two-phase partitioning technique was used to separate free from bound labelled ligand in a binding assay. Efficient separation was accomplished by modifying one of the reactants in such a way that it partitions preferentially to one of the two phases. The biospecific interactions between the lectin concanavalin A and various carbohydrates and glycoproteins were investigated in this model study. PMID- 7003018 TI - Detection of mouse cells producing antibodies against the azophenylarsonic group by haemolytic plaque assay. AB - For detection of mouse cells producing anti-ARS antibody a modified method using ARS-SRBC is described. For optimal results a suitable source of SRBC must be selected. The number of ARS groups per SRBC required for optimal lysis in PFC assay varies, and ARS-SRBC prepared by the method of Ingraham which are suitable for detection of rabbit-PFC give negative results with the mouse system. ARS-SRBC prepared for the PFC assay are unsuitable for the haemagglutination test and vice versa. PMID- 7003017 TI - Induction of clonally restricted thymus-dependent antibody responses in vitro using phosphorylcholine derivatized sheep erythrocytes. AB - Induction of anti-phosphorylcholine responses in vitro using phosphorylcholine derivatized sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) is described. These responses are thymus dependent and restricted to expression of the TEPC 15 idiotype. Optimal B-cell concentrations in cultures were shown to be different for elicitation of direct anti-PC PFC responses than for elicitation of PFC specific for carrier (SRBC) determinants. Similarly, these responses differed in optimal immunogen concentration requirements. These differences presumably relate to the clonality of the respective responses. The methodology described provides an alternative to induction of clonally restricted thymus-dependent responses in vitro using PC derivatized soluble protein antigens. Induction of responses using PC-SRBC has the advantages of the relative case of T-cell priming to SRBC and concurrent stimulation of monoclonal anti-PC responses and easily assayed polyclonal anti SRBC responses. PMID- 7003020 TI - Rubella immunity testing by mixed hemadsorption. AB - A mixed hemadsorption (MH) test for naturally acquired rubella immunity and immune responses after rubella vaccination has been compared with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the immunodiffusion (ID) test, the neutralization test (NT), the hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) test and the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test. The MH test was approximately equivalent to the HI test and the NT as to sensitivity for the early response to rubella vaccination, and all three tests are thought to measure protective antibodies, i.e. antibodies supposedly directed against envelope antigens, to about the same extent. The MH test for rubella antibodies is especially suited for laboratories in which this type of test is routinely used for other purposes, e.g. rabies, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex, varicella and certain auto-antibodies. Where the method is already standard it may be preferable to the NT which, although of similar clinical value requires tedious standardization. Both tests may be necessary in cases where the HI test is equivocal or hampered by non-removable on specific inhibitors. PMID- 7003019 TI - A direct comparison of procedures for the detection of mycoplasma in tissue culture. AB - Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures has been shown to perturb a number of immunologic parameters. Because such contamination is almost always introduced in the laboratory, the immunologist requires a procedure to screen his cell lines frequently for mycoplasma. Two procedures recently described for the detection of mycoplasma in cell cultures, the uridine-uracil incorporation procedure and a direct fluorescent assay, were compared with the standard procedures of agar culture and transmission electron microscopy. The results with uridine-uracil incorporation were totally non-concordant with those of any of the other 3 procedures and, moreover, were inconsistent through serial assays on the same cell culture. In contrast, the direct fluorescent assay, using the fluorochrome Hoechst 33258, yielded consistent results in full agreement with the agar culture data. Since the fluorescent assay is rapid and has discriminatory capability at least equivalent to that of agar culture, it would appear to be the method of choice for routine screening of cell cultures for mycoplasma. PMID- 7003021 TI - Immunoassay with stable polystyrene latex particles. AB - Three variations of a new immunoassay which used physicochemically stable latex particles (LP) are described. New features include (1) separation of free and agglutinated LP by centrifugation after the addition of sucrose, and (2) combined use of two or three types of LP. Assay results for anti-rabbit IgG (anti-RG), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), C3 components and insulin indicated excellence of these methods in sensitivity, reproducibility and preservability of reagents. PMID- 7003022 TI - A comparison of skin grafting by immediate and delayed exposed methods in surgery. PMID- 7003023 TI - Proven clinical uses of cimetidine. PMID- 7003024 TI - A. M. Heimpel (1923-1979): an appreciation. PMID- 7003025 TI - An investigation of possible Romanomermis culicivorax proteins in the hemolymph of Culex pipiens. PMID- 7003026 TI - Host response to Treponema pallidum in intradermally-infected rabbits: evidence for persistence of infection at local and distant sites. AB - Intradermal infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum imitiates rapid and active cellular response at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks following infection, there is a marked increase in the numbers of organisms at the site of infection. Systemic dissemination of treponemes occurs during the early stage of infection, presumably before the immune response is fully mobilized. The mononuclear infiltration, which is apparent at the lesion site one week postinfection, becomes more pronounced at 2 weeks. The infiltrating cells are predominantly T lymphocytes and macrophages. By 4 weeks postinfection, most of the organisms have been cleared from the primary site; however, low numbers of treponemes survive locally and in distant tissues. Thus, whereas infection with T. pallidum appears to activate immune mechanisms which are capable of clearing most of the organisms from the primary lesion, some organisms are able to evade these mechanisms and persist in vivo. PMID- 7003027 TI - Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis in germfree guinea pigs. AB - Primary and secondary Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis was studied in germfree and conventionally-reared Strain 2 guinea pigs. Although the onset and early development of the primary cutaneous lesions appeared similar in both groups, the T. mentagrophytes monoassociated guinea pigs exhibited more severe skin ulcerations and took twice as long to heal as their conventionally-reared counterparts. Cutaneous reinfection of T. mentagrophytes monoassociated guinea pigs was also protracted; however, these lesions healed in about the same time as a primary infection on conventionally-reared guinea pigs. Germfree guinea pigs, sensitized by cutaneous infection with T. mentagrophytes, manifested 3 correlates of systemic cell-mediated immunity: (1) delayed-type hypersensitivity to intracutaneous injection of trichophytin antigen, (ii) in vitro blastogenesis of spleen and lymph node cells to polyclonal mitogens and Trichophyton antigens, and (iii) allergic contact dermatitis 48 hr following cutaneous reinfection. In an additional experiment, we observed that the time course and severity of a primary T. mentagrophytes infection of germfree guinea pigs was reduced by prior feedings with heat-killed T. mentagrophytes culture. These experiments confirm that the normal microbial skin flora is not required for initiation, development or clearance of T. mentagrophytes dermatophytosis. The disease was protracted and severe in T. mentagrophytes monoassociated guinea pigs, but was abbreviated following either active infection or feeding heat killed mentagrophytes culture. These results support the hypothesis that cutaneous T. mentagrophytes infection is a cell-mediated hypersensitivity disease similar to contact dermatitis. PMID- 7003028 TI - Identification of T & B lymphocytes on skin sections from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin. AB - The T & B lymphocytes in frozen sections of skin obtained from patients with various lympho-infiltrating disorders of the skin were identified using an immunofluorescent technique. Anti T-lymphocytes serum was used as a T marker and anti Ig GMA serum and HL-B alloantigens as B markers. The method confirmed to be efficient in preliminary experiments. Specimens were obtained from patients with lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS), lymphadenosis benigna cutis (LBC), lymphoma cutis (LC) and mycosis fungoides (MF). In LIS and LBC the dominant cell was found to be the T lymphocyte, suggesting that a local immune reaction of the cell mediated type may play a role in their etiology. PMID- 7003029 TI - Unusual cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: I. Urticaria like lesions. Correlation with clinical and serological abnormalities. AB - Ten of 143 systemic lupus erythematosus patients demonstrated urticaria-like lesions. Lesional biopsies in 7 of 9 patients tested revealed a leukocytoclastic angiitis and in 2, a mononuclear perivascular infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescent studies in 2 of 6 patients tested revealed IgM and C3 deposition in and about dermal blood vessels. Nine of the 10 systemic lupus erythematosus, patients displayed active clinical disease (e.g., arthritis, renal disease, etc.), a positive lupus band test, antibodies against deoxyribonucleic acid or Sm macromolecules, serum hypocomplementemia and markedly elevated quantities of serum immune complexes as determined by an immunoradiometric assay employing Raji cells. Similar lesions were not detected in 35 discoid lupus erythematosus patients. These studies strongly suggest: (1) urticaria-like lesions are uncommon cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. (2) These urticaria-like lesions do not represent a classic IgE mediated urticaria. (3) These urticaria-like lesions generally occur in lupus erythematosus patients demonstrating clinical and/or serological evidence of systemic disease activity. (4) These lesions are probably secondary to immune complex deposition. We, therefore, conclude that all urticarial lesions in lupus erythematosus patients should be biopsied and the patient evaluated for active systemic disease. PMID- 7003030 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria of infantile diarrhea: surface antigens, hemagglutinins, colonization factor antigen, and loss of enterotoxigenicity. AB - Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-producing Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria isolated from diarrheal Ethiopian children were studied for O and K antigen, production of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), stability of LT production, properties of mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) (indicative of adhesive properties), and colonization factor antigen (CFA). Of the E. coli strains, 33% possessed O6, O8, or O78; 93% of these were stable producers of LT, and 86% produced both Lt and ST. O78 strains possessed CFA/I, whereas O6 and O8 strains possessed CFA/II. The E. coli with O antigens other than O6, O8, or O78, as well as the non-E. coli bacteria tended to lose their ability to produce LT; only 16% produced ST, and they only occasionally showed MRHA properties. The former group of E. coli strains might be considered as true enteropathogenic bacteria (enterovirulent E. coli), which may be identified serologically, while the pathogenic significance of the diversified latter group remains less certain. PMID- 7003031 TI - Selective vs. nonselective media and direct plating vs. enrichment technique in isolation of Vibrio cholerae: recommendations for clinical laboratories. AB - The occurrence of human cholera along the Gulf of Mexico and the isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 from the Gulf and Chesapeake Bay make it imperative that microbiology laboratories along estuaries develop the capabilities to culture for these pathogens. In attempts to devise a simplified but efficient culture procedure, a selective medium, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar, was compared with a nonselective medium, gelatin agar (GA), and the utility of enrichment was examined. TCBS agar detected 99% of the stools found to be positive by all techniques combined, whereas GA identified only 80%. Of acute diarrheal stools, 96% were positive on direct plating, whereas only 66% of formed stools containing V. cholerae were detected by direct plating. Stools from patients with acute diarrhea can be plated directly into TCBS agar alone; stools from persons shedding low numbers of organisms (such as contacts, carriers, or patients receiving antibiotics) should be incubated first in an enrichment broth and then on TCBS agar. PMID- 7003033 TI - Heightened lung bactericidal activity in mice after aerosol immunization with Re 595 Salmonella minnesota: importance of cellular rather than humoral factors. AB - Intrapulmonary bactericidal activity was enhanced against aerosolized Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus two weeks after aerosol immunization with Re 595 Salmonella minnesota. To define better this nonspecific stimulation of antibacterial lung defenses, mice were simultaneously challenged with S. aureus and S. marcescens up to 30 days after aerosol immunization with Re. Enhanced bactericidal activity against both organisms was noted, although activity against Serratia was more pronounced during the first week after immunization. Repetitive aerosol immunization with Re also resulted in enhanced bactericidal activity. Macrophages harvested from mice after aerosol immunization were "activated" by ultrastructural criteria and had enhanced intracellular bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Aerosol immunization also caused an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in lung lavage fluid, which may have been important in activity against Serratia. Mice systemically immunized with Re developed high antibody titers in serum and lung washings but had no stimulation of lung antibacterial activity. PMID- 7003032 TI - Evaluation of amantadine in the prophylaxis of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: a controlled field trial among young adults and high-risk patients. AB - The usefulness of amantadine in the protection of humans against influenza A (H1N1) virus was evaluated in a double-blind field trial with 555 volunteers in Finland in the winter of 1978. Three populations--patients in a general hospital, adults in a home for the aged, and two groups of military conscripts--were chosen. Epidemic influenza occurred only in the two groups of conscripts: the incidence of serologically verified influenza was 66% and 83% in the groups that received placebo and 43% and 51% in the groups that received amantadine, giving protection rates of 36% (P = 0.05) and 39% (P = 0.001). The evaluation of the effect of amantadine on the occurrence of illness was obscured by concomitant adenoviral infections that caused influenza-like symptoms. No clear difference in the occurrences of side effects was observed between the placebo and amantadine treated groups; however, a significantly greater number of participants who took 200 mg of amantadine/day (16.9%) stopped medication during the trial as compared with the placebo groups (7.6%) (P < 0.02). PMID- 7003034 TI - Correlations between methods for measurement of synergy. PMID- 7003035 TI - Increase in antibiotic resistance among isolates of Salmonella in the United States, 1967-1975. AB - To study temporal changes in the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in the United States, a study design similar to that of a 1967 study was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of 754 human nontyphoid Salmonella isolates sent to the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, in 1975. The frequency of resistance to one or more of the same nine antibiotics used in both studies increased significantly during the eight years in Salmonella typhimurium (40% 59%; P = 0.004), other serotypes (14%-23%; P = 0.001), and all serotypes combined (21%-31%; P < 0.001). The increase in frequency of resistance was significant for streptomycin (P = 0.022), sulfonamides (P < 0.001), ampicillin (P < 0.001), and kanamycin (P < 0.001). No chloramphenicol-resistant isolates were found in the 1967 study, whereas six isolates (0.8%) were resistant in 1975. The frequency of strains resistant to six or more antibiotics increased greatly (0.8%-5.0%; P < 0.001). These data document a continuing increase in antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates. PMID- 7003036 TI - Plasmid-associated toxigenicity in Clostridium tetani. PMID- 7003037 TI - A reality in our time--certification of the global eradication of smallpox. PMID- 7003038 TI - Recognition and management of neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7003039 TI - Infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline in adult tonsillectomy. AB - In a trial of 84 adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy, a subcapsular injection of 10 mls 0 . 5 per cent lignocaine with adrenaline halved the blood loss and made dissection easier. A significantly higher systolic pressure and heart rate in the injected patients were thought to be due to the systemic effects of adrenaline. PMID- 7003040 TI - Animal lipoproteins: chemistry, structure, and comparative aspects. PMID- 7003041 TI - Dr. John Rice: extracting the wine of life. PMID- 7003042 TI - Classification of radioactive pesticide residues in food-producing animals. AB - Modern analytical methodology, especially radiotracer techniques, makes it possible to detect residues of a foreign compound in animal products at levels seemingly impossible just two decades ago. Unfortunately, the ability to detect "total radioactivity" in a substrate does not assure that the chemical nature of the residues will be elucidated or that their toxicological significance can be properly assessed. Detection without identification has created a number of problems for the residue chemist and toxicologist. Among these is the problem of classifying radioactive residues in a manner that is meaningful to other scientists and which inherently denotes certain characteristics of the residues involved. While such a system is as yet incomplete, a general classification scheme has evolved in recent years that provides a common ground for categorizing radioactive residues, be they known or unknown. The system consists basically of four categories of radioactive residues: (a) free metabolites (b) conjugate metabolites (c) bound pesticide residues and (d) natural constituents. For the most part, the terms are self-explanatory, but precise definitions remain a point of debate among scientists. This paper discusses th criteria for classifying radioactive residues as perceived by the author based upon works of residue and metabolism chemists, especially those dealing with pesticide residues. Utimately, classification is dependent on the identification of total radioactive residues, a situation which is virtually impossible with many xenobiotics. Sound scientific judgment must remain the key ingredient in determining just how far one must go in identifying radioactive residues of drugs, pesticides and other chemicals which may become a component of the human diet. PMID- 7003043 TI - An analysis of weak mutagens in the Ames assay. AB - Nitrosopiperidine, sodium nitrite and 1,2 epoxybutane were tested in the Ames agar incorporation assay in an attempt to establish exact criteria for detecting the activity of these weak mutagens. As regards minimum concentrations it was determined that at 500 microgram per plate a statistical analysis and several concentrations of the activating system are required in order to manifest an indication of the mutagenicity of 1,2 epoxybutane. The mutagenicity of sodium nitrite was detectable at 80 microgram/plate while nitrosopiperidine produced a 2.5-3.2 increase over background at 250 microgram/plate. It is concluded that since weak mutagenicity cannot be predicted it is advisable to utilize the maximum concentrations possible within the limits of solubility and bacterial toxicity. At the higher concentrations 1,2 epoxybutane, nitrosopiperidine and sodium nitrite produced revertant colony counts equal to 7, 17 and 62 times above background, respectively. PMID- 7003044 TI - Cellular effects in microbial tester strains caused by exposure to microwaves or elevated temperatures. AB - Several tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA-98, TA-100, TA-1535, and TA 1538; Escherichia coli, W3110 (pol A+) and p3438 (pol A-, repair deficient); and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, D3, D4, and D5 were tested for lethal and mutagenic events when exposed to elevated temperatures or to x-band, pulsed microwave radiation at various power densities. When compared to E. coli pol A+ under growing conditions, E. coli pol A- exhibited decreased cell growth when exposed to microwave radiation at power levels at or above 20 mW/cm2 as well as to temperature levels above 42 degrees C. All yeast and other bacterial strains showed cellular lethality at similar microwave intensities and elevated temperatures. When exposed to elevated temperatures in saline, both quiescent yeast and Salmonella strains exhibited lethal events. However, the Salmonella strains tested showed comparatively less induction of genetic events in the quiescent state compared to induction when the cell were actively growing in broth. These results demonstrate that elevated temperatures generated by microwave exposure could produce genetic events in microbial assay systems. If such systems are to be of value in examining the nonthermal genetic potential of microwave radiation, careful control over exposure conditions will be required to eliminate heat-induced genetic events. PMID- 7003048 TI - Enhancing and inhibiting effects of propyl gallate on carcinogen-induced mutagenesis. AB - The food additive propyl gallate has a significant effect on the mutagenic activities of several carcinogens as measured by the Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis assay. Propyl gallate (10(-2) to 10(-4) M) inhibits the mutagenic activites of the carcinogens N-methyl-N-'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF). It also reduces the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1, a carcinogen which requires activation with a S-9 microsomal preparation. In contrast, propyl gallate at equimolar concentrations causes an enhancement of the mutagenic activities of the carcinogens N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). The enhancement of 4NQO-induced mutagenesis occurs with a range of 4NQO concentrations. Moreover, both frameshift (TA98) and base substitution (TA100) bacteria indicator strains demonstrate an enhanced mutagenesis to 4NQO in the presence of the propyl-gallate. Propylgallate alone has no effect on the spontaneous reversion rate of S. typhimurium to histidine propotrophy. PMID- 7003046 TI - Insensitivity of tests for reproductive problems. AB - Studies of reproductive capacity in rodents have been conducted for decades using a design which has had little refinement over the years. Most commonly, one or two litters from each of one through three generations are raised. The variability between studies, generations, groups, and animals often precludes the resolution of subtle toxicologic effects on reproductive parameters. Nonreproductive parameters yield more reliable data than reproductive parameters. Changes in design and additions to the protocol which will provide additional data are discussed. These include semen evaluation and the use of larger group sizes in reproduction studies. PMID- 7003045 TI - Bioavailability of residues: current status. AB - 1. Bioavailability studies and current methodologies provide a very useful system for assessing the safety of radioactive drug related residues in food-producing animals. 2. Two year chronic toxicity studies provide useful information regarding the toxic properties of the parent drug but they have limited value for the assessment of safety for "second-pass" exposure of radioactive drug related residues of food-producing animals. The relevancy of the traditional two year toxicity study is seriously questioned as a method to determine the safety of drug related residues on the basis of a "second-pass" exposure. 3. More relevant toxicologic information can be gained by using the food-producing animal target species in toxicology studies. Comparative pharmacologic and toxicologic differences between laboratory animals and food-producing animals would be reduced. PMID- 7003047 TI - The mutagenic evaluation of tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate using a combined testing protocol approach. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the mutagenicity of the flame retardant, Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate -75% or its possible metabolic products using a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. The starting material in the fabric treatment process, THPS was tested with five strains of Salmonella typhimurium with and without the addition of a rat liver activating system. In addition, the THPS and the treated fabric were assayed in a combined testing protocol. The mutagenicity tests which were employed in this protocol included (a) the analysis of the urine of treated mice, (b) the micronucleus test, and (c) metaphase analysis. The animals were administered the THPS both orally and dermally and the treated fabric was incorporated into the animals' feed. The THPS produced no mutagenic response in any of the strains of S. typhimurium either when tested directly or with the addition of Acroclor--or phenobarbital-- induced rat liver. The results of the combined testing protocol, with the three routes of administration, were also negative for the urine analysis, micronucleus test and metaphase analysis. PMID- 7003050 TI - The health effects of chloramines in potable water supplies: a literature review. PMID- 7003049 TI - Selenium: occurrence in foods and its toxicological significance--a review. AB - The occurrence of selenium (Se) in foods and the toxicological information relevant to it are reviewed. The estimated normal dietary daily intake for man in most parts of the world ranges from 4-35 microgram/person in infants to 60-250 microgram/person in adults. The current use of Se supplementation in animal feeds could elevate the Se content of meats by up to 30%, but this does not lead to a biologically relevant increase in the Se intake of man. Available metabolic data reveal that after ingestion Se is mostly absorbed. Up to 50% is excreted in the urine, and the portion retained in the body accumulates chiefly in the liver and kidneys. Recent epidemiological and animal studies show that Se is not a carcinogen, and in some cases may have anti-cancer properties. Neither the essentiality for man, nor the no-effect level of Se have been established. Human selenosis of food origin has not been reported in the literature, except those documented in the 1930s in the seleniferous areas. PMID- 7003051 TI - Morphogenetic properties of the skin in axolotl limb regeneration. AB - A study has been made of the morphogenetic properties of anterior and posterior skin from the lower forelimb of the axolotl. The basic experiment consisted of a graft of a half cuff of skin from a donor to a host limb followed by a 2-week healing period, amputation through the graft, and a study of the resulting regenerate. Limbs with double posterior skin formed double posterior regenerates and, in contrast, limbs with double anterior skin formed normal or slightly hypomorphic regenerates. Posterior skin from post-metamorphic animals had a similar but weaker effect to that from ordinary axolotls. Immunological rejection of allografts could be completely avoided if the donor limb was transplanted to the flank of the host when both were at the stage of tail-bud embryos, and the skin graft was later carried out between the supernumerary limb and one of the host limbs. This technique was used to show that immunological rejection does not affect the formation of duplicates from the limbs with double posterior skin, and to facilitate the studies of the cellular provenance of the regenerate. The cellular composition of duplicate regenerates was studied by using both triploid donors and triploid hosts. It was shown that the posterior side of the duplications consisted wholly of host tissue and the anterior side consisted of mixed donor and host tissue. Formation of the duplicated regenerate therefore seems to involve positional reprogramming of both donor and host tissues together with metaplasia of the donor tissue. It was not possible to inhibit the duplication-inducing property of posterior skin by treatment with a variety of enzymes. A model based on the serial threshold theory of regeneration is advanced to explain the results. This model successfully accounts for the observed non equivalence of anterior and posterior skin, and also explains the different regeneration behaviour of anterior and posterior half limbs, the limited regeneration of double anterior limbs, and the pattern expansion and contraction shown by regenerates from double posterior limbs. PMID- 7003052 TI - Microsurgery in andrologic urology. I. Refertilization. AB - Of 30,000 men examined for impaired fertility from 1964 to the present, 900 were diagnosed as having excretory azoospermia. Of this number, 465 underwent surgery. Epididymovasostomy was performed on 316 men. For 11 years, this surgery was done with surgical loupes, and a patency rate of 48% was achieved in those men undergoing bilateral epididymovasostomy. (Only 52% of our patients showed inflammatory obstruction.) In a small series of patients undergoing the procedure under the operating microscope, a patency rate of 75% was achieved. Vasovasostomy was performed in 20 patients with loupes and splints. Patency was obtained in 11 of the 17 that were followed. Ten of 12 patients receiving anastomosis by a technique placing nonabsorbable sutures through the entire wall of the vas became fertile. Nine of 10 patients who were operated on by a double-layer technique under the operating microscope were found to have patent ducts at follow-up. The advances in microsurgical techniques, equipment, and suture materials have considerably improved the changes for refertilization. PMID- 7003053 TI - Heart and spleen twin grafts in rats. AB - The technical details of a new procedure for the simultaneous transplantation of the spleen and the heart in rats are described. One hundred sixty-four such twin grafts from LEW to ACI rats and vice versa were performed. Seventeen animals were followed postoperatively without additional immunologic manipulations. There is a definite change in rejection pattern in terms of timing as well as intensity when heart and spleen twin grafts are compared with single cardiac grafts. A delay and mild form of rejection of twin grafts were observed especially in the strain combination of LEW to ACI. No graft-versus-host reaction occurred. There was no perfect correlation of the cardiac and splenic allografts in regard to their survival time. When the cardiac allograft arrested, however, the spleen was found to be rejected as well in all cases. In three cases a selective survival of the heart over the spleen was observed. Thus, the cardiac allograft can be used as a simple but not completely reliable indicator of the functional state of both grafts. PMID- 7003054 TI - Histopathologic findings in a human arterial anastomosis after free flap transfer. AB - During the removal of subcutaneous fat 4 months after free groin flap transfer in a 25-year-old male, the anastomosed artery was also removed for histologic examination. The removal of the artery did not impair flap viability. The considerable narrowing of the arterial lumen caused by extensive hyperplasia of the intima suggested a restriction of arterial function. In addition, the internal elastic membrane had disappeared or was partially intact, doubled, and fragmented. Where sutures were tight, necrosis of the media was found, with heavy scar formation. If the sutures were loose, the media remained intact. The tissue of the flap artery was more heavily altered than the tissue of the recipient artery. This was evidently the result of trauma incurred during preparation of the flap vessels. Functional restriction of the anastomosed artery and secondary flap revascularization apparently occurred in a temporally favorable relationship in this case. PMID- 7003056 TI - [Studies on pathogenic Escherichia coli. (IV) Relation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis to antibiotic susceptibility, biochemical properties and pathogenicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003055 TI - Spectrometric determination of urokinase in urine after gel filtration, using the chromogenic substrate S-2444. AB - Using the chromogenic substrate S-2444, the spectrometric determination of urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31) in urine subjected to gel filtration was evaluated. Pure urokinase solutions were used to standardize analytical conditions. A low molecular mass (relative molecular mass < 5000) heat resistant (60 min, 97 degrees C) activity could be removed from urine by gel filtration (Sephadex G 25 Medium). In the analysis of the high molecular mass fraction (relative molecular mass > 5000) of urine, amidolysis remained linear during a period of 3 hours. The relation between enzyme activity and substrate turnover was linear in the range from 0.05-12 U/l. The coefficients of variation for within-run precision ranged from 1.4-3.8%. The analytical recovery was 98-104%. Average urokinase excretion in morning urines (collection period 1-3 hours) of 10 healthy males and 10 healthy females was respectively 0.82 and 0.68 U/g creatinine. PMID- 7003058 TI - Mapping of genes determining penicillin-resistance and serum-sensitivity in Salmonella enteritidis. AB - Two presumptive single-step mutants, resistant to penicillin and sensitive to the bactericidal effect of normal human serum, were isolated on penicillin gradient plates from a smooth, penicillin-sensitive, serum-resistant strain of Salmonella enteritidis (O9,12; gal hisEI cys). The chemical composition of their lipopolysaccharides, their phage-sensitivity patterns, and their serological and cultural properties showed one to be 'part-rough' and the other smooth. Hfr strains with O antigens O4,5,12 or O1,4,5,12 (two Salmonella typhimurium and one S. abony) and one S. enteritidis F', O9,12, were crossed with the S. enterititis O9,12 mutants. The results with the part-rough mutant indicate that its penicillin-resistance, serum-sensitivity and rough phage pattern result from a single mutation between hisEI and the part of the rfb gene cluster determining O specificity, 4 (abequose) or 9 (tyvelose). Transduction experiments confirmed that the mutation is closely linked to the his operon. This mutation is inferred to cause an incomplete defect in a transferase for galactose, mannose or rhamnose, the smooth sugars common to O4,5,12 and O9,12. Results from similar crosses to the smooth, serum-sensitive, penicillin-resistant S. enteritidis mutant indicate that its serum-sensitivity is not linked to his. The occasional independent segregation of penicillin-resistance and serum-sensitivity suggests that other loci modify penicillin-resistance. PMID- 7003057 TI - Numerical classification of some named strains of Nocardia asteroides and related isolates from soil. AB - One hundred and forty-nine strains of nocardiae, freshly isolated from soil samples obtained from a number of countries with either tropical or temperate climates, and from rubber pipe seals, were compared with appropriate marker cultures in a numerical phenetic study using 156 unit characters. Marker strains were chosen to represent the Nocardia asteroides complex, other Nocardia species and related taxa in an effort both to classify the new soil isolates and, possibly, clarify the structure of the heterogeneous N. asteroides complex. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM) and pattern (DP) coefficients, and clustering was achieved using both single and average linkage algorithms. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by either of the coefficients or clustering methods. The estimated test error of 7.1% was rather high and could account for a few apparently anomalous results. The 16 defined clusters, containing 185 of the 197 strains studied, were divided into seven major and nine minor clusters, four of which were further subdivided into two subclusters. Marker strains allowed four clusters to be designated as N. asteroides, seven as Nocardia species and one each as Nocardia carnea, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia autotrophica, Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Rhodococcus species. Twelve strains formed single member clusters including the type strains of Nocardia aerocolonigenes, Nocardia amarae, Nocardia fukuyae, Nocardia orientalis and Nocardia otitidis-caviarum. The majority of the soil and rubber isolates were recovered in the major clusters labelled N. asteroides, N. carnea and Nocardia species and clusters of soil isolates without marker strains seem to represent new centres of variation. The study highlights the need for additional reproducible tests to help both define and determine the status of defined clusters within the N. asteroides complex which would considerably benefit both the ecological and epidemiological study of these organisms. PMID- 7003059 TI - Distribution of genes for trimethoprim and gentamicin resistance in bacteria and their plasmids in a general hospital. AB - The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in enterobacteria causing infection in a London hospital increased from 5.6% in 1970 to 16% in 1979. The proportion of gentamicin-resistant aerobic Gram-negative bacilli had risen to 6.5% by 1979. During a 5-month period in 1977, during which no epidemic was recognized, all isolates resistant to either trimethoprim, gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin were studied. The proportion of enterobacteria resistant to both trimethoprim and gentamicin (3.8% of the total) was significantly higher than expected assuming no correlation between acquisition of resistance characters. The resistance was transferable in 23% of trimethoprim-resistant and 76% of gentamicin-resistant strains. Trimethoprim resistance was carried by plasmids of seven different incompatibility groups and in at least four instances was part of a transposon. Gentamicin resistance was determined by plasmids of three groups - IncC, IncFII and IncW. Transposition of gentamicin resistance was not shown, though this may have been the means of evolution of the gentamicin R plasmids of InW, which determined aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(3). Some bacterial strains with their plasmids were endemic. There was evidence for these plasmids (i) acquiring new resistance genes by transposition, (ii) losing resistance genes by deletion and (iii) being transferred between bacterial species in the hospital. PMID- 7003060 TI - Genetic and molecular characterization of R plasmids incompatible with R387 (IncK). AB - More than 70 conjugative R plasmids have been isolated from wild-type strains originating mainly in South-East Europe and identified as incompatible with the reference plasmid R387 of the incompatibility group K. These plasmids, governing different resistance patterns, have been characterized as P1 cotransducible species of between 50 and 60 mega-daltons. In contrast to the genetic similarity between all these plasmids and the reference type R387, their DNA revealed different digestion patterns after EcoRI treatment, although a number of common fragments could be identified. The molecular and genetic properties of these plasmid species demonstrate a phylogenetic relatedness. PMID- 7003061 TI - The characteristics of extracellular protein secretion by Staphylococcus staphylolyticus. AB - The differential rate of extracellular protein formation by Staphylococcus staphylolyticus, the lysostaphin-producing organism, was biphasic with a low rate of exoprotein secretion during exponential growth and an increased rate during the post-exponential phase of growth. After 20 h, when no further exoprotein was secreted, exoprotein accounted for 5% of the total protein in the culture. The secretion of three extracellular enzymes was monitored and found to represent a constant proportion of total exoprotein at exoprotein concentrations greater than 0.1 mg ml-1. PMID- 7003062 TI - A fast replica plating technique for the isolation of post-integration mutants of the Moloney strain of murine leukaemia virus. AB - Seven temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Moloney murine leukaemia virus (Mo MuLV) were isolated using a rapid, non-selective replica plating technique designed to select for post-integration mutants. Thymus-bone marrow (TB) cells, infected with mutagenized virus, were cloned and incubated at the non-permissive temperature (39 degrees C) for 10 days. The resulting colonies were screened for production of virus by replica plating supernatant from the "master" tray on to a second tray pre-seeded with fu-1 (a cell line derived from L8 myoblasts) indicator cells. The "master" tray was shifted to the permissive temperature (34 degrees C) for 48 h, then re-screened for virus production. Any colony on the "master" tray which produced syncytia-inducing virus at 34 degrees C but not at 39 degrees C was potentially producing a ts mutant. Preliminary characterization by shift-down experiments and scanning electron microscopy of three of the ts mutants isolated by this technique revealed a mutant blocked before budding, one blocked at an early stage in the budding process and one with a defect after release of the virus. PMID- 7003063 TI - Nervous system-specific proteins in developing rat cerebral cells in culture. AB - The nervous system-specific proteins; synaptin, D1, D2, D3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) and 14-3-2, were quantified in dissociated cerebral cells from the foetal rat brain at various times of growth in culture. By approximately 1 week in culture, the neuronal membrane markers synaptin, D1, D2, and D3 could all be demonstrated. A maximum concentration of 10-20% for synaptin, D1, and D3 and 160% for D2, in comparison with the levels in adult forebrain, was attained during the 2nd week in vitro. The astroglial gliofilament marker GFA increased continuously, reaching by 38 days of cultivation an 18-fold higher level than the concentration in adult forebrain. The neuronal cytoplasm marker 14-3-2 could be demonstrated in trace amounts, and only after more than 1 week in vitro. Neuronal cell bodies and processes stained by indirect immunofluorescence using an anti-D2 serum were strongly fluorescent after 1 week in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining for GFA revealed a cytoplasmic filamentous network in perinuclear areas and processes of, presumably, astroblasts. PMID- 7003064 TI - A caution in the use of tritiated substrates for monoamine oxidase assays. AB - A monoamine oxidase assay utilizing generally labeled [3H]serotonin as substrate became nonlinear after only approximately 5% conversion of initial c.p.m. to product. Subsequent analysis showed that a significant proportion of the tritium label was readily exchangeable into water and that monoamine oxidase activity increased release of label as water. The use of generally labeled substrates for oxidase activities is not recommended. PMID- 7003065 TI - Synthesis of sulfatide by cultured rat Schwann cells. AB - The 35S sulfolipids synthesized by purified cultures of rat Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and a rat cell line (RN2) were studied. Schwann cell 35S sulfolipids were almost entirely [35S]sulfatide, as shown by TLC in two different solvent systems with unlabeled authentic sulfatide run in the same track. RN2 and fibroblasts did not synthetize significant amounts of sulfatide, by the same criteria. Previous studies failed to detect any characteristic myelin components, including sulfatide, on Schwann cells after several days in culture )Brockes et al., 1980a; Mirsky et al., 1980). My results show that Schwann cells continue to synthesize some sulfatide in the absence of neurons. PMID- 7003067 TI - An ultrastructural study of nerve and glial cells by freeze-substitution. AB - The ultrastructure of nerve and glial cells in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices of mice was studied after rapid freezing followed by substitution fixation. The cerebral and cerebellar cortices were frozen by bringing them into contact with a polished pure copper block cooled at a temperature of about -196 degrees C. The tissues were fixed and substituted in acetone containing 2-4% OsO4 at -78 degrees C for 2-3 days and then prepared for electron microscopy. Tissue fixed by this method displayed the following characteristics. (1) The contour of cells, processes and intracellular membrane systems was smooth. (2) The extracellular spaces were of variable widths. (3) Microtubules were well preserved and were often observed to extend into nerve terminals and to run close to presynaptic membranes. (4) The matrix of cytoplasm and mitochondria was electron dense. Dense granules, possibly binding sites of divalent cations, were often found in the mitochondrial matrix. (5) The plasma membrane of neuronal processes was thicker than that of glial processes. (6) The plasma membranes of nerve fibres and glial processes appeared asymmetrical, the inner leaflet being slightly thicker than the outer leaflet, whereas membranes of cell organelles such as smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi bodies, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, were symmetrical. PMID- 7003066 TI - Intramedullary abscess--a rare complication of spinal dysraphism. AB - Two cases are reported of patients with spinal dysraphism who developed abscesses within the spinal cord. In one case the infection had spread to the cord through a dermal sinus, as in the six cases previously recorded in the literature. In the other patient the sepsis developed within an intramedullary epidermoid tumour, but the route of infection was not clear. Each patient made a virtually full neurological recovery after open drainage of the abscess. PMID- 7003068 TI - An improved rat brain-tumor model. AB - The widely used intracerebral tumor implantation method by freehand injection into parietal or hippocampal areas of the rat brain has proven inadequate for reliable experimental therapeutic studies. Problems include poor intracerebral growth yields and significant rates of spread to extracranial tissues, lungs, and spinal cord. Major variables have been examined experimentally on a model using nitrosourea-induced nervous system tumor cell lines in sygeneic rats. A rapid stereotaxic method greatly improved the consistency of tumor placement. The optimal site was found to be the caudate nucleus. The production of a spheroid intracerebral growth was further facilitated by the use of 1% agar in the cell suspension medium and by an injection volume of 10 mu1 containing at least 10(4) cells. Further improvements involved injection technique and flushing of the operative field. These modifications have resulted in a 99% to 100% yield of intracerebral growth, with a marked reduction in the number and size of extracranial extensions and with distant metastasis rates of 0% to 5%. These results have continually improved with further experience. The method is satisfactory for radiation and chemotherapeutic trials in which survival time as an index of tumor size may be used an an end point. PMID- 7003069 TI - Computerized three-dimensional stereotaxic removal of small central nervous system lesions in patients. AB - The authors describe the results of their recently reported computer-based stereotaxic surgical technique for the indentification, enhancement, three dimensional reconstruction, localization, and removal of small central nervous system lesions. This technique has been applied to patients with various types of central nervous system pathology, and representative cases are reported. PMID- 7003070 TI - Localization of stereotaxic centers by computerized tomographic scanning. Technical note. AB - A method is described for determining stereotaxic coordinates using computerized tomographic scanning and intraoperative ventriculography of the third ventricle. PMID- 7003071 TI - Interstitial radiation for the treatment of brain tumors using the stereotactic method. PMID- 7003072 TI - Intracranial hypertension: implications of research for nursing care. PMID- 7003074 TI - PET = positron+electron transmutation. PMID- 7003073 TI - Effects of fever and hyperthermia on thyroid function. AB - Thyroid hormones in man are affected by acute and chronic febrile states. To define these acute changes, we used a previously described rabbit model. Serum levels of T3, rT3, and T4 were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hr following injection of 1 microgram E. coli endotoxin, and during heat-induced hyperthermia. All rabbits receiving endotoxin developed fever with peaks at one hour (delta T = 1.1 degrees C) and three hours (delta T = 1.4 degrees C); they then defervesced to base levels at 6 hr. Similar temperature elevations occurred with heat-induced hyperthermia. Results show that endotoxin-induced fever produces changes similar to those reported during infections to man, and more rapidly than previously recognized. These include a prompt decrease in T3, reciprocal rise in rT3, and an initially reduced T4 that rebounds above basal levels. These findings may represent suppressed TSH release, alteration of peripheral monodeiodination of T4 from T3 to rT3, or enchanced clearance of T3. Heat-induced hyperthermia, except for slight decrease in T4 at 6 and 24 hr, had little effect on thyroid hormones. PMID- 7003075 TI - [The memoirs of Judy Chu]. PMID- 7003076 TI - Mandibular advancement surgery: stability following a modified fixation technique. AB - A technique for surgical mandibular advancement is described. Short- and long term results are monitored by cephalometric assessment and a high degree of postfixation stability is demonstrated. PMID- 7003078 TI - Oregon Dental Association roster of members, 1980-1981. PMID- 7003077 TI - Surgical treatment of bony ankylosis in a child using a composite cartilage-bone iliac crest graft. AB - A previously unreported approach to the treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis in the child is reported. The procedure involves using the iliac crest and fixing it to the zygomatic portion of the temporal bone, with the cartilagenous portion facing the stump of the mandibular ramus. The procedure is easier to accomplish than a costochondral graft, does not require maxillomandibular fixation, and offers the possibility of appositional growth. In our case, opening has been maintained and growth sustained in a five-year-old child for 18 months without physiotherapy. PMID- 7003079 TI - Radionuclide techniques in studies of cardiac performance and circulatory changes during antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 7003080 TI - Demonstration of amyloid in murine and human secondary amyloidosis by the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - A specific rabbit anti-murine amyloid A protein (anti-AA) has been used in the immunoperoxidase (IP) technique for the detection of amyloid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tissue obtained from amyloidotic mice and a post-mortem kidney specimen from a patient with amyloidosis secondary to osteomyelitis. Amyloidosis was induced in five out of 20 white mice by weekly intraperitoneal injections of complete Freund's adjuvant. Amyloid deposits were clearly demonstrated both by the Congo Red and by the IP techniques. The antibody against murine AA was found to be cross-reactive with human AA. These preliminary results suggest that the IP technique with the use of specific antibodies against the different amyloid proteins might be extremely useful for the histological dianosis and classification of amyloidosis. PMID- 7003081 TI - Rapid diagnosis of streptococcal infection. PMID- 7003082 TI - Natural history of childhood asthma. PMID- 7003083 TI - Serum branched-chain amino acids in the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism in infancy. AB - Fasting values of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) were measured by column chromatography in the sera of 27 normal infants and children, 15 days to 9 years of age, 14 children with documented ketotic hypoglycemia one to 7 years of age, and in 14 sera from six infants, 15 days to 2 years of age, with documented hyperinsulinism. In normal children and those with ketotic hypoglycemia, each individual branched-chain amino acid and their sum were significantly negatively correlated with blood sugar values ranging between 11 and 92 mg/dl (P < 0.001). In infants with hyperinsulinism, branched-chain amino acid concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.001) without correlation with blood sugar values ranging between 13 and 51 mg/dl, and plasma insulin concentrations (9 to 85 microU/ML). In all the children the sum of branched-chain amino acids was positively correlated with blood beta OH butyrate concentrations measured at the same time (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). The association of low blood sugar and low branched-chain amino acid concentrations during fasting seems characteristic of hyperinsulinism, and the measurement of branched chain amino acids in these infants offers a physiologic indicator of the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism. PMID- 7003084 TI - Epidemic neonatal gentamicin-methicillin--resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection associated with nonspecific topical use of gentamicin. AB - One hundred sixteen infants in an intensive care nursery acquired Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and methicillin; 54 patients acquired S. aureus sensitive to gentamicin and methicillin. Topical application of gentamicin ointment was significantly associated with acquisition of GMRS. Of 78 infants who acquired GMRS, 38 had received GmO before GMRS was first cultured, whereas only one of 49 infants with GMSS had previously received GmO (P = 8.6 X 10(-8)). Infants with GMRS were also more likely than patients with GMSS to have had a lower mean birth weight, Apgar score, and gestational age; systemic antibiotic therapy and incubator care were significantly prolonged for patients with GMRS, but these factors did not explain susceptibility to GMRS infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that use of GmO was the single most important risk factor. PMID- 7003085 TI - The effects of pancuronium bromide on infants with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7003086 TI - An unusual presentation of a beta hemolytic group B streptococcal infection. PMID- 7003087 TI - Diagnosis and assessment of fetal malformation and abnormalities by ultrasound. AB - With remarkable improvements in antenatal, intrapartum and the newborn care, the proportion of perinatal problems attributable to congenital abnormalities has significantly increased. The number of deaths due to fetal malformations in some countries now approaches the number due to prematurity and it is justifiable to believe that abnormalities will soon be heading the league of causes of perinatal death. Even with the most advanced treatment teams and resources, many seriously malformed children cannot be habilitated to any reasonable degree. It is therefore obvious that the future of these types of disorders lies ultimately in their prevention. This has long been the hope of obstetricians and in certain abnormalities this can become a reality. With the advent of ultrasound, many structural anomalies cannot be evaluated by direct visualization of the placenta and fetal anatomy. The number of pregnancies monitored available and as public education about genetics increases. Diagnostic ultrasound has proved to be a powerful means of preventing the birth of babies with significant defects. If this has not been achieved in early pregnancy, the knowledge that the fetus is or may be abnormal at the end of pregnancy can still be valuable, since the management of patients before and during labour could be radically altered. Therefore, ultrasound examination should be preferred as the initial test because it is without risk and produces no side effects. PMID- 7003088 TI - Comparative trial of extra-amniotic and vaginal prostaglandin E2 in tylose gel for induction of labor. AB - Two hundred and sixty-one patients of varying parity and cervical "ripeness" were given Prostaglandin E2 (PCE2) in tylose gel either vaginally (2.0 mgm) or extraamniotically (0.3 mgm) prior to planned surgical induction. Surgical inductions was avoided in 52 per cent of the vaginal group and 40 per cent of the extra-amniotic group. When subdivided according to parity and cervical ripeness, both groups were comparable except in the multigravid patients with high cervical 'scores', when the vaginal route was significantly more likely to establish labor. Both groups were without significant ill-effects to the mother or fetus. PMID- 7003089 TI - Demonstration of probes in human periodontal pockets. AB - Twenty-two anterior and bicuspid teeth that previously had been designated for extraction, were removed from 11 male patients. Two teeth were extracted from each patient and each tooth had a periodontal pocket of at least 4 mm and a Gingival Index of 2 or 3. One tooth in each patient was subjected to scaling, root planing, and plaque control in an effort to reduce gingival inflammation. By means of an orthodontic tube and composite resin bonding material a periodontal probe under 15 to 20 gm of pressure was fixed in the periodontal pocket of each tooth. The specimens were removed en bloc and histologic specimens prepared. The conclusions were that when the gingiva is inflamed, the tip of the periodontal probe tends to extend to the apical base of the junctional epithelium or slightly beyond but there is great variation in this position. Further, it was concluded that the position of the probe tip during probing is not affected by the depth of the sulcus or periodontal pocket. PMID- 7003090 TI - Evaluation of the immunogenicity of freeze-dried skin allografts in humans. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate the antigenic potential of allogeneic freeze dried skin (FDS) when used as a grafting material and to examine the clinical results when FDS is used for the correction of mucogingival problems in humans. FDS was obtained from an HLA-tissue-type donor according to Navy Tissue Bank protocol. Allogeneic FDS grafts were performed to correct mucogingival problems. In addition, periosteal fenestration was used in conjunction with approximately one-half of the grafts. Documentation with a standardized periodontal probe consisted of clinical measurements taken preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively. Blood samples were drawn prior to and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 weeks postsurgically. Testing of blood samples for anti-HLA antibody was performed by use of a modified microcytotoxicity assay. Thirty-one patients received 36 FDS grafts involving 148 tooth sites. The FDS allografts resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the width of attached-type tissue (mean gain = 3.80 mm). Clinically, there was no sign of graft rejection, and serologically, all serum samples tested were nagative for the presence of anti-HLA antibody. FDS grafts used for the treatment of mucogingival problems in humans are nonimmunogenic as evaluated for anti-HLA antibody. The surgical procedure performed using FDS as a graft material resulted in a significant increase in the width of attached-type tissue. PMID- 7003091 TI - Controlled clinical evaluation of a 10% strontium chloride dentifrice in treatment of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal surgery. AB - Sixty adult patients were examined for dentin hypersensitivity prior to periodontal surgery. Stimuli used included mechanical, cold water and compressed air blasts. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. This presurgical examination revealed 249 hypersensitive areas among 60 subjects. Following surgery there was over a 100% increase in the pain (hypersensitivity) score. Desensitization with a 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate dentifrice was begun 1 week after surgical treatment. After 7 weeks of dentifrice use the pain score was reduced 75.5% in the test group. This was a reduction to a point below the preoperative level. The placebo group showed a reduction of 34.2% which was still above the preoperative level. These results agree with other clinical studies that have demonstrated a desensitizing effect of strontium chloride. PMID- 7003092 TI - Inflammatory effects of periodontally diseased cementum studied by autogenous dental root implants in humans. AB - The inflammatory potential of diseased cementum was studied by implanting 70 autogenous fragments from periodontally involved roots into the mucosa of 56 patients. The implants were divided into groups depending upon the type of preparation the root received prior to implantation. Fifteen healthy root fragments implanted into 15 patients served as controls. Histologic results showed that implanted fragments from roots that had been scaled caused the most response with acute inflammation up to 14 days and chronic inflammation to 21 days. In cases in which these fragments were autoclaved the acute inflammation was not as severe. In the cases in which the roots were planed and autoclaved, even less acute inflammation was seen in the 7-day specimens while some chronic inflammation persisted in the 21-day specimens. Implants from healthy roots evoked no response. The inflammation caused by the autoclaved diseased cementum was attributed to thermo-stable endotoxin. It was concluded that in advanced periodontal disease it is necessary to remove all of the cementum exposed to the pocket to eliminate its potential for inducing inflammation. PMID- 7003094 TI - [Enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. VII. Purification of hemorrhagic principle Ac4-proteinase in the venom of Agkistrodon acutus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003093 TI - Hydrogen sulfide production from gingival crevicular fluid. AB - A METHOD was developed and evaluated in a pilot study to determine a relationship between gingival health, crevicular fluid flow and the production of H2S from the crevicular fluid. A moderate degree of correlation was observed between the crevicular fluid volume and the gingival index. A stronger correlation was obtained between the crevicular fluid volume and H2S production by the crevicular fluid. The method described could prove useful in evaluating gingival health and disease objectively and for monitoring the activity of periodontitis. PMID- 7003097 TI - Effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on NaCl appetite of rats. AB - Dietary administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (0.70 g/kg of food), to female rats for 1 week was accompanied by a spontaneous appetite for 0.25, 0.30 or 0.35 M NaCl solution when choice was offered between any one of them and distilled water to drink. An additional experiment was performed to determine the NaCl preference threshold concentration for each group. Control and treated rats were offered choice between two drinking bottles containing distilled water and a NaCl solution, respectively. The concentration of the latter varied from 0.0006 to 0.350 M/l. Control rats could detect the difference between water and NaCl solution at a concentration of 0.030 M/l, whereas captopril-treated rats detected the difference at the lowest concentration offered, i.e., 0.0006 M/l. Captopril-treated rats also preferred 5% glucose solution to distilled water, as did untreated controls. Similar results were observed for 0.25% saccharin. No difference between groups was observed when choice was offered between distilled water and dilute solutions of HCl. Thus, a NaCl appetite developed within 1 week of treatment with captopril. The appetite was accompanied by an ability to detect NaCl at a 50-fold lower concentration than that of the control group. Administration of captopril was also accompanied by an appetite for glucose and saccharin but not for HCl. PMID- 7003095 TI - Phenytoin, renal function and renin release. AB - Phenytoin (DPH), a widely used anticonvulsant, has been shown to effect membrane transport in a wide variety of tissues. After injection, DPH is known to accumulate in high concentration in the kidney, however the renal effects of this drug have not been investigated. Therefore, these studies were designed to elucidate the effect of DPH on renal function and renin release. Dogs were anesthetized and had renal venous, aortic, brachial and ureteral catheters placed. During each of three successive experimental clearance periods, either saline, propylene glycol vehicle (V) or V + DPH (0.18 mg/kg/min) was infused via a 23-gauge needle in the left renal artery. In five dogs (Group I), the sequences of infusion was saline, (V) and (V). Five animals (Group II) differed only in that V was infused during all three periods. Seven animals (Group III) underwent sequential infusions of V, V + DPH, and V. Infusion of V alone resulted in a significant increase in systemic blood pressure from 120 to 135 mm Hg (P < .05). Significant increases after V infusion were found in urine volume (0.45 to 0.87 ml/min) (P < .05) and osmolar clearance (1.23 to 1.83 ml/min). Infusion of DPH produced a 22% increase in renal blood flow from 238 to 291 ml/min (P < .05) and a fall in renal vascular resistance from 0.51 to 0.41 mm Hg/ml/min (P < .05). Significant increases were also seen in urine volume from 0.87 to 1.58 ml/min (P < .05), urine sodium excretion (157 to 269 microEq/min) (P < .05) and osmolar clearance (1.54 to 2.62 ml/min) (P < .05). Renal renin secretion rate was unchanged in Group I and II animals but DPH infusion resulted in a 7-fold increase in renin secretion from 21 to 151 ng A-I/hr x min (P < .05). We conclude that intrarenal arterial infusion of DPH results in renal vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis. Furthermore, this agent also stimulates renin release which may be the result of its effect on membrane transport. PMID- 7003096 TI - Effects of castration and chronic morphine administration on liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the metabolism of ethanol in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - The effects of castration on liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and the in vivo metabolism of ethanol were examined in the male Sprague-Dawley-derived rat. It was found that castration led to immediate (24 hr) increases in the ADH dependent metabolism of ethanol which persisted for at least 6 weeks postcastration. Testosterone completely reversed the effects of castration. Moreover, when increases in liver ADH activity and the metabolism of ethanol were allowed to develop to maximal levels (2 weeks), a single s.c. injection of testosterone promptly reversed the effects of castration, such that by 24 hr castrated animals were indistinguishable from controls. Thus, it appears that in the male Sprague-Dawley-derived rat liver ADH activity and the in vivo metabolism of ethanol are under the control of testosterone. Because narcotics have also been shown to depress serum testosterone levels, and there is good evidence of significant pharmacological and biochemical interactions between the narcotics and ethanol, we examined whether chronic administration of morphine led to testosterone-reversible increases in the ADH-dependent metabolic disposition of ethanol. We found that chronic morphine administration, at doses sufficient to markedly depress serum testosterone levels (> 85%), produced large increases in liver ADH activity and the clearance of ethanol. Concurrent administration of testosterone completely abolished this effect. These data may, therefore, provide the first evidence of a biochemical mechanism involved in the interactions between morphine and ethanol. Furthermore, our results suggest that drug-induced reductions in serum testosterone may serve as an important mechanism involved in the cross-tolerance observed between ethanol and many abused, sedative-hypnotic drugs which share the common ability to decrease serum testosterone. PMID- 7003098 TI - The effects of chronic methylphenidate treatment on growth and endocrine function in the developing rat. PMID- 7003102 TI - Survey of mandatory continuing education requirements. PMID- 7003101 TI - [Physiological importance of gap junctions]. AB - Some structural features of the different types of intercellular junctions which occur in vertebrate tissues (desmosomes, tight and gap junctions, Table 1) are first mentioned. Then, this review is exclusively concerned with gap junctions. The ubiquitous occurrence of these junctions throughout the phylogenetic scale up to man points to a major functional role. Cells of most organized tissues make cell-to-cell channels, 1-2 nm diameter, that provide a structural hydrophilic pathway for free diffusion of inorganic ions and small molecules. Ionic coupling and metabolic cooperation have been shown to be functional expressions of the direct intercellular communication. The role of gap junctions in nonexcitable tissues is not well established (Chap. III). While these junctions are clearly involved in the regulation of some enzymatic activities and exocrine and endocrine secretions, the cell-to-cell transmission of signal molecules necessary for growth control remains largely hypothetical. PMID- 7003103 TI - Verification appointment in complete denture therapy. AB - Completed dentures should demonstrate the beneficial effects of an ordered, disciplined approach to the "try-in" appointment. The proposed design of the trial dentures for this appointment allows accurate verification of spatial positions, and easy access to changes in position and arrangement of the teeth. Two phases of the verification appointment should be recognized: laboratory and clinical. In the laboratory phase, the teeth are arranged according to anatomic landmarks, and the trial denture is designed to allow accurate verification of previous records. In the clinical phase, the intermaxillary dimensions are verified or corrected, and the teeth are rearranged for support of the lips and optimal esthetics. The design permits simple and effective changes in the spatial position of the teeth. When the try-in or verification appointment is carefully planned and the list of verification checks made in a disciplined and orderly manner, this appointment can progress to a meaningful and predictable conclusion. PMID- 7003104 TI - Prosthodontic treatment for orthognathic surgery patients. PMID- 7003106 TI - Repair of fractured acrylic resin. PMID- 7003100 TI - Studies on the mechanism of renin release from rat kidney slices: calcium, sodium and metabolic inhibition. AB - 1. The coincident release of renin and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) from rat renal cortical tissue slices was studied during calcium depletion, metabolic inhibition, and with the addition of ouabain (1 mM) to the incubation medium.2. The results indicate that although LDH accumulated in the medium during incubation, the pattern was dissimilar to that of renin. Ouabain significantly inhibited renin release in calcium containing medium, but had no effect on LDH release. Renin release was potentiated in calcium ;free' media, while calcium depletion reduced the release of LDH.3. The addition of potassium cyanide (2 mM) significantly inhibited the release of renin from these tissue slices. Cyanide was ineffective, however, when administered in calcium ;free' medium.4. At reduced incubation temperatures (5 degrees C) the release of both renin and LDH were significantly reduced.5. Medium sodium depletion caused a significant inhibition of renin release. The simultaneous removal of calcium from the medium did not restore renin release to control levels.6. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that spontaneous renin release during calcium depletion and metabolic inhibition is a result of cell enlargement and increased membrane permeability. On the other hand, the in vitro release of renin during these experiments appeared to be inversely related to the intracellular concentration of calcium. PMID- 7003099 TI - Effect of D-600 on inhibition of in vitro renin release in the rat by high extracellular potassium and angiotensin II. AB - 1. Renin was secreted by rat renal cortical slices incubated at 37 degrees C in a physiological saline solution. 2. Secretion was nearly abolished by incubation in a medium containing 60 mM-K. Secretion could be restored to the control level by the addition of 5 X 10(-7) M-D-600 (methoxy verapamil) to 60 mM-K medium. 3. Angiotensin II inhibited renin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Concentrations of D-600 ranging from 1 to 3 X 10(-6) M (two to sixfold higher than required to block the inhibitory effect of high K) failed to antagonize the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II. 4. Ca is required for the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II, however, as Ca-depletion (incubation of slices in a medium with Na2EGTA and no added CaCl2)( progressively decreased and finally abolished any inhibitory effect. 5. These results confirm and extend previous observations suggesting that Ca plays an inhibitory coupling role in the control of renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Moreover, they suggest that although voltage-sensitive channels exist on juxtaglomerular cells, angiotensin II activates an independent pathway for Ca mobilization. PMID- 7003105 TI - Patient response to variations in complete denture technique. Part IV: Residual ridge resorption--cast evaluation. AB - At 10-year recall, alveolar ridge topography was compared by three different methods in 36 patients whose complete dentures were fabricated by two different techniques. In general, if alveolar ridge change was observed, it was evidenced by a reduction in size following denture wearing. Group II patients appeared to have slightly less ridge change in the subjective and ridge width evaluations, but group I patients showed slightly less ridge change in the contourator tracing measurements. Since alveolar ridge topography is influenced by many variables, it would be a mistake to claim that either denture technique was proven superior by this research effort. Overall, the alveolar ridge changes were so small that they were statistically insignificant for this sample size. Some possible factors that might explain the minimal alveolar ridge changes seen in this study are (1) conscientious application of sound basic prosthodontic principles by the dentists who constructed the dentures initially, (2) periodic recall appointments for all of the patients, and (3) the fact that all of the patients were relatively young, experienced denture wearers who had been edentulous for at least 1 year before these tested dentures were placed. PMID- 7003109 TI - Telescope retainers and their clinical application. AB - This article reviews the history and types of double crown retainers, known in clinical terms as telescope crowns. It compares rigidly interlocked and resilient retainers, where the design allows for movement between the primary and secondary components of the unit. The nature of the relationship between the components determines the relationship between the removable denture, the remaining dentition, and the edentulous ridge. The resiliency or rigidity of the telescope retainers depends on the configuration of the primary and secondary components and is applied accordingly to prosthodontic requirements and clinical assessment. PMID- 7003107 TI - Effect of investment on casting high-fusing alloys. AB - A definite interaction in castability was found between the three different phosphate-bonded investments and four different alloys tested in this study. 1. Casting completeness of all alloys, as measured by the length of test specimens, was affected by the investment. The high-gold content alloy, SMG II, yielded the most complete castings of all combinations teted when invested with Ceramigold. Of the nonprecious alloys, Biobond CB combined with Ceramigold II resulted in the longest samples. 2. The surface quality of Jelbon and SMG II castings was good, regardless of the investment used. Wiron S and Biobond CB varied in surface quality with different investments, Ceramigold II giving the smoothest castings. 3. All alloys, especially the nonprecious ones, should be tested for compatability with different investments before asserting their qualities or lack of qualities for clinical use. PMID- 7003108 TI - Effect of retraction procedures on the periodontium in humans. AB - On the basis of wound healing and gingival recession caused by the three procedures, the copper-band retraction method was the most satisfactory. This tentative conclusion is based on the following reasons: 1. Retraction methods must be evaluated relative to the impression procedure and fit of the restoration. The long-range effects of the marginal fit are probably the most important factor for enhancing periodontal health. 2. This study involved only healthy periodontia of adolescent patients. Different healing might be observed in tissues characterized by gingivitis or periodontitis. 3. A broader study involving a greater range of procedures and conditions is recommended to evaluate each retraction technique. 4. This study involved teeth which had an adequate zone of attached gingiva. More complicated healing and perhaps altered sequences might be observed if the procedures were performed on gingival margins of alveolar mucosa, thin gingival walls, or areas of root prominence and thin cortical bone. PMID- 7003110 TI - Alterations on crown contour--effect on gingival health in man. AB - The effect of different supragingival crown contour on the surrounding marginal gingiva was studied on four patients. All the subjects had caries, esthetic problems, and minimal periodontal problems. Each patient received two splints; one side was overcontoured, and the other side undercontoured. The splints were observed at regular intervals within a 4-month period. The result of this study suggested that factors other than variation in supragingival crown contour in the range of +/- 1 mm determined gingival response within the first 4 months in patients with a predominately healthy periodontal structure. PMID- 7003111 TI - Microleakage of pin-retained amalgam and composite resin bases. AB - The marginal leakage of a composite resin (Adaptic) and an amalgam (Tytin) utilized as pin-retained bases was studied. The results indicated that the amalgam bases had less leakage than composite resin bases. No significant difference was found between the degree of leakage at enamel margins and dentinal margins. PMID- 7003113 TI - Current controversies in axial contour design. PMID- 7003112 TI - Effects of sealant placed over composite resin restorations. PMID- 7003115 TI - Bond strength of three esthetic restorative materials to enamel and dentin. PMID- 7003114 TI - Prosthetic feeding aids for infants with cleft lip and palate. AB - A brief review of the literature concerning infants with cleft lip and/or palate has been presented. Twenty-five infants from 15 days to 1 year of age were classified from the prosthetic treatment plan into three groups. The method of approach for each group and the reasons for the changes were described. Two retaining methods were compared. Based on our results, the use of a cloth head cap as a retaining device is not recommended; a tension-adjustable-side-arm prosthesis is preferred. Attention was also given to the various modifications that can be made on this prosthesis to meet the individual needs of the patient. PMID- 7003116 TI - Individualized impression trays from existing complete dentures. AB - This technique can be used to avoid the making of preliminary impressions for complete dentures in patients with abnormally small oral openings. With this method, the patient must have existing dentures, and the border extensions must be adequate to serve as individualized impression trays. PMID- 7003117 TI - Repair technique for cracked dentures. AB - A method has been described using silicone tray putty to repair a cracked denture, keeping adjustment of the denture at a minimum. PMID- 7003118 TI - Clinical evaluation of swinglock removable partial dentures. AB - Fifty-three patients were recalled for clinical examination to determine oral changes which occurred during the time that they wore swinglock removable partial dentures. Pertinent findings were as follows: 1. The swinglock removable partial denture should be considered as a treatment alternative for patients with unfavorable periodontal support and for patients missing key abutments. 2. Patients who have worn swinglock removable partial dentures for periods of 13 to 75 months did not demonstrate a continued periodontal breakdown, even when there was unfavorable periodontal support. 3. The swinglock removable partial denture may aid in reducing tooth mobility when the patient can maintain good levels of oral hygiene to control inflammation and the dentist can provide a proper occlusion. 4. As evidenced by responses to a satisfaction questionnaire, patient acceptance of the swinglock design was good. 5. The high prevalence of patients reporting for recall examination with one or more decayed teeth (22.4%) and removable partial dentures requiring relines (28.3%) emphasizes the need for proper recall of patients. 6. The swinglock removable partial denture will function satisfactorily if the dentist follows basic principles of removable partial denture construction and if the patient maintains a good level of oral hygiene and returns for regular recall visits. PMID- 7003119 TI - Bond strength of bimaterial acrylic resin combinations. AB - While further research is necessary on the subject of the strength and nature of the bond between different types of acrylic resins, our study shows that specimens fabricated from heat-accelerated BPM showed considerably higher transverse strength values when compared with the various bimaterial combinations. From this, and from the fact that all bimaterial combinations broke at the joining interface, it can be inferred that none of the acrylic resin bimaterial combinations developed a true "chemical bond." PMID- 7003120 TI - Esthetics for denture patients. AB - Denture esthetics has been discussed in terms of the anatomic-physiologic and artistic phases. It is the responsibility of the dentist to apply the principles discussed in an effort to produce a natural appearing denture. Excessive dependence on auxiliary personnel in meeting the esthetic needs of the patient can only encourage the denturist movement and quick, low-cost denture clinics. Faced with this threat, we must not shirk our responsibilities. PMID- 7003121 TI - A photoelastic analysis of the stress distribution in bone supporting fixed partial dentures of rigid and nonrigid design. AB - Within the limitations of the experiment, the following conclusions can be made from this investigation: 1. Under conditions of vertical loading, the rigid fixed partial denture design does not permit independent response by either abutment. The nonrigid fixed partial denture design allows the abutments some independence in response to vertical loading 2. The stress distributions and concentrations produced in the supporting bone are favorably altered by the placement of a fixed partial denture of rigid or nonrigid design. 3. The distribution of stresses in the supporting bone varies with the number and location of the loading sites. 4. Under conditions of vertical loading, the Ney and Stern nonrigid fixed partial denture designs exhibit no significant differences in stress distribution or concentration. PMID- 7003124 TI - Improving esthetics in porcelain-to-gold restorations. PMID- 7003122 TI - A base metal alloy for ceramo-metal restorations. AB - Research of the existing scientific literature and examination of multiple porcelain/metal samples indicate that Ni/Cr is not only compatible with veneering porcelain but, indeed, can probably be the basis for superior ceramo-metal restorations. PMID- 7003123 TI - In vivo resin impregnation of dentinal tubules. AB - This study investigated the in vivo resin impregnation of dentinal tubules on exposed dentin surfaces with transversely cut tubules and examined the effect of different pretreatment on impregnation of the dentin. The results have lead to the following conclusions: 1. There is no sound reason to routinely etch and impregnate the dentin with resin on cavity walls. 2. It is possible to impregnate flat areas of exposed dentin which are not close to the pulp and which have transversely sectioned dentinal tubules. This may block dentin sensitivity, preventing infection and irritation of the pulp. 3. The etching time with 37% phosphoric acid should be limited to 5 seconds. This is sufficient to open and enlarge the dentinal tubules at the surface. 4. The desiccation should be performed with the air nozzle near, and almost parallel to, a flat surface for at least 15 seconds. An uneven surface results in uneven impregnation of the dentinal tubules due to incomplete desiccation. Therefore, the compressed air should be applied from different directions. Better results are obtained if the dentin surface is smooth. This may be achieved by planing with a smooth fissure bur. 5. To obtain satisfactory desiccation of dentin walls in cavities, an air nozzle should be reduced in diameter enough to allow it to enter the cavity. It should be kept in motion while continuously air drying the cavity surface. PMID- 7003125 TI - Staining porcelain veneer restorations. AB - This article discusses basic principles and their application for the staining of porcelain veneer restorations. This procedure can be performed in the dentist's office and minimizes patient office visits. PMID- 7003126 TI - Importance of relaxation instructions in the EMG biofeedback training package. PMID- 7003127 TI - Preventing the second infarct. PMID- 7003128 TI - Chemotherapy of the myeloid leukaemias. AB - These advances in chemotherapy and supportive care of the myeloid leukaemias offer substantially improved prospects for the future. At present the intensive treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia requires the resources of a specialist unit and as many patients as possible should now be referred for diagnostic classification and remission induction. Thereafter, courses of maintenance chemotherapy can be supervised jointly by the referring local physician and the specialist centre. This collaborative approach is to the mutual advantage of the patient, his local clinician, and the specialist centre. PMID- 7003129 TI - [Dysphagia due to oesophageal in benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (author's transl)]. AB - A 71 years old woman consulted for painless dysphagia Esophageal barium contrast X rays demonstrated regular strictures of the upper par of esophagus. She was followed by dermatologists with an oral benign mucous membrane pemphigoid since 11 years. Endoscopy asserted esophageal involvement with this disease, responsible for cicatricial stenosis. She had successful esophageal dilatations by bougie. Clinical, evolutive, pathogenic and histological features of this disease, and of esophageal involvement, are discussed. PMID- 7003130 TI - An epidemic of gastro-enteritis in West Lothian. AB - This article describes an epidemic of gastro-enteritis due to Salmonella typhimurium in a semi-rural practice. Methods of investigation and control of the outbreak are outlined, clinical features are described, and management of 97 patients discussed. Attention is drawn to the prolonged carrier state which may occur, and to the possible hazards of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7003133 TI - The tissue antigens of chimpanzees: genetics of the ChLA complex studied in captivity-bred chimpanzee families. PMID- 7003131 TI - Pain after episiotomy--a comparison of two methods of repair. AB - Episiotomy is a very common operation but little is known of its short-term or long-term morbidity.A prospective study was designed to record postpartum perineal discomfort and to investigate the presence and persistence of dyspareunia following episiotomy in 140 primigravidae. A comparison was made between those whose perineal skin was sutured with a subcuticular polyglycolic acid (;Dexon') stitch and those sutured with interrupted black silk stitches.Patients sutured with subcuticular ;Dexon' had significantly less perineal discomfort on the third, fourth, and fifth postpartum days. Patients who had epidural analgesia in labour had significantly more pain during the first five postpartum days irrespective of the suture material used.The timing of first coitus after delivery did not influence the presence or persistence of dyspareunia. Dyspareunia was commoner and lasted longer in patients sutured with ;Dexon' and it was also commoner in older primigravidae irrespective of the suture technique. PMID- 7003134 TI - The great apes of Africa. PMID- 7003132 TI - Gorilla diseases and causes of death. AB - The causes of 48 gorilla deaths were investigated and normal weights for organs ascertained. Half of the gorilla deaths in zoos occurred before maturity at around 8 years of age. Eight of the 48 died in the perinatal period from rejection, stillbirth or abortion. The majority of gorillas succumb to various types of enterocolitis. The most common aetiological agents are Shigella, Salmonella, Balantidia and a variety of parasites, principally Strongyloides. A variety of preventable virus infections and fungal infections are important diseases that must be avoided in the captive maintenance of gorillas. Dental problems emerge as a recently recognized threat for gorillas, as does mycoplasma infection with arthritis. PMID- 7003135 TI - Keynote address--Sixteenth National Meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society San Antonio, Texas December 5-8, 1979. The biologic properties of secretory IgA. PMID- 7003136 TI - Arachidonic acid oxygenation products produced by mouse peritoneal macrophages responding to inflammatory stimuli. PMID- 7003137 TI - The roles of the Fc and C3 receptors in the phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by human phagocytes. PMID- 7003138 TI - Structure of the IgE Fc receptor. PMID- 7003139 TI - Molecular-cellular interactions in the secretory IgA response. PMID- 7003140 TI - Molecular pathobiology of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine: evidence for the structural and functional identity with platelet-activating factor. PMID- 7003141 TI - Lymphocyte blastogenesis during experimental endocarditis caused by Candida albicans. PMID- 7003143 TI - Comparison of three assays for anti-DNA with three assays for the measurement of the role of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus in adolescents. AB - Three assays for anti-DNA antibody were compared simultaneously with assays for Clq binding, C3 concentration, and the activation of C3 (C3c,d) on blood of children with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Farr assay and the Millipore filter assay for anti-DNA were abnormal most frequently, followed by the assay for C3c,d. Positive assays for C3c,d were closely associated with abnormal Millipore filter assays. Clq binding was elevated in 42% of samples, but was not associated with any other abnormality. The hemagglutination assay for anti-DNA and the C3 concentrations were the least frequently abnormal. PMID- 7003142 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of the choroid plexus in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immune deposits in the choroid of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to relate to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) SLE. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, we found the presence of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in the choroid stroma and/or in the ependymal cells in all of 7 patients with SLE, 2 of 4 with rheumatoid arthritis, but not in 3 subjects without autoimmune disease. The occurrence, pattern or intensity of the immunoglobulin deposits did not distinguish the patients with or without clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations. Thus, the presence of immune deposits in the choroid plexus is not specific for CNS involvement in SLE. PMID- 7003144 TI - HLA antigens in isolated aortic incompetence. PMID- 7003145 TI - A radioisotopic leukocyte adherence test. AB - A modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition method is described which utilizes 51Cr-labeled blood mononuclear cells placed in microwells. The test is reproducible, objective, employs approximately 2,000 cells per well, and allows multiple replicates of several antigens. With the two antigens tested, SK-SD and PPD, both increases and decreases of leukocyte adherence are observed. Serum proteins are important in the medium and inactivated AB serum gave the best results. A good correlation was observed between this leukocyte adherence test and positivity of skin testing, PMID- 7003146 TI - Improved method for detection of anti-tissue antibody by indirect immunofluorescence using fixed tissue. AB - Techniques have been developed which allow paraffin embedded, fixed tissue to be used for indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody to parietal cells, mitochondria, actin, adrenal gland, parathyroid tissue, thyroglobulin, thyroid microsomes, and pancreas islet cells cen be detected. The procedure offers improved histology and decreased technical time for the indirect immunofluorescence technique. PMID- 7003147 TI - The significance of pancreatic islet cell antibody and abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. AB - Five out of 50 pregnant subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (a 2 hr venous plasma glucose concentration over 6.6 mmol/1) had cytoplasmic islet cell antibody (ICAb cyto) in their sera. Three of these 5 developed unequivocal insulin dependent diabetes in the first year following pregnancy, while none of the others did so. When taken in conjunction with the presence of islet cell antibody, the severity of impairment of glucose tolerance during pregnancy (but not obesity) was an additional indicator of the likelihood of developing insulin dependent diabetes during the first postpartum year. PMID- 7003148 TI - Immune complexes in type I diabetics with persistent islet cell antibodies. AB - The sera of 33 type I diabetics found to have pancreatic IgG antibodies to the cytoplasm of pancreatic islet cells (ICAb) at three or more years after diagnosis were tested for immune complexes (AgAb), insulin antibodies and thyroid and gastric cytoplasmic antibodies, and the subjects were HLA typed. Sera from 69 insulin treated diabetics of comparable duration of disease and without ICAb at the time of study were also included in the investigation. The prevalence of AgAb in patients with persistent ICAb was found to be 52% in comparison with 19% of ICAb negative diabetics (p < 0.001) and 10% of normal blood donors (p < 0.0005). AgAb positivity was increased, but not significantly, in HLA-B8 positive compared to B8 negative ICAb persisters. There was a significant negative correlation between AgAb levels and insulin antibody titres. Circulating AgAb were not significantly correlated with the presence of either thyroid or gastric cytoplasmic antibodies. PMID- 7003149 TI - Decreased incidence of HLA-A11 and increased incidence of HLA-B8 in a North American population of insulin dependent diabetics. AB - Seventy-four North American Caucasian insulin dependent diabetics are presented and compared to 100 healthy controls relative to HLA-A and B locus antigens. A highly significant increase in the frequency of HLA-B8 was found (p < 0.01, relative risk 3.67). The presence of HLA-A11 conferred statistically significant protection against disease development in these patients (p < 0.01, relative risk 0.19). There was no significant difference in the frequency of HLA-B7, B8, or B15 between the study and control groups. The patient group does show a significant increase in heterozygosity for HLA-B8 and HLA-B15 when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05, relative risk 7.17). Increased incidence of HLA-B18 has previously been noted in French and English populations only. Since most of our HLA-B18 patients are of English extraction, it is concluded tht the altered incidence of the HLA-B18 allele in insulin dependent diabetes does persist in this migratory European population. PMID- 7003150 TI - Determination of ion permeability through the channels made of porins from the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium in lipid bilayer membranes. AB - The three types of porin (matrix-proteins) from Salmonella typhimurium with molecular weights of 38,000, 39,000 and 40,000 were reconstituted with lipid bilayer membranes either as a trimer or as an oligomer (complex I). The specific conductance of the membranes increased several orders of magnitude after the addition of the porins into the aqueous phase bathing the membranes. A linear relationship between protein concentration in the aqueous phase and membrane conductance was found. In the case of lower protein concentrations (10)(-12)M), the conductance increased in a stepwise fashion with a single conductance increment of 2.3 nS in 1 M KC1. For a given salt the conductance increment was found to be largely independent of the particular porin (38 K, 39 K or 40 K) and on the state of aggregation, although porin oligomers showed an up to 10 times smaller conductance increase in macroscopic conductance measurements. The conductance pathway has an ohmic current voltage characteristic and a poor selectivity for different alkali ions. Further information on the structure of the pores formed by the different porins from Salmonella was obtained from the selectivity for various ions. From the permeability of the pore for large ions (Tris+, glucosamine+, Hepes-) a minimum pore diameter of 0.8 nm is estimated. This value is in agreement with the size of the pore as calculated from the conductance data for 1 M KC1 (1.4 nm for a pore length of 7.5 nm). The pore diameter may well account for the sugar permeability which has been found in reconstituted vesicles. The findings reported here are consistent with the assumption that the different porins form large aqueous channels in the lipid bilayer membranes and that the single conductance unit is a trimer. In addition, it is suggested that one trimer contains only one pore rather than a bundle of pores. PMID- 7003151 TI - Membrane transport of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactoside by the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli. AB - p-Nitrophenyl-alpha-galactoside (alpha-pNPG) was found to be a substrate for the melibiose transport system of Escherichia coli. This sugar enters induced cells via the carrier and is split by alpha-galactosidase to galactose and p nitrophenol. In mutant cells lacking the alpha-galactosidase [3H]-alpha-pNPG accumulated to concentrations 15 times higher than the external medium. The transport of alpha-pNPG is inhibited by both Na+ and Li+. Na+ (10 mM) reduced the Km for alpha-pNPG from 0.45 to 0.18 mM and reduced the Vmax from 6.7 nmoles/min/mg dry wt to a value of 3.0. PMID- 7003153 TI - Membranous nephropathy. PMID- 7003154 TI - Response of Aspergillus nidulans and Physarum polycephalum to microwave irradiation. AB - The influence of microwaves on genetic processes in Aspergillus nidulans and Physarum polycephalum was investigated. Suspensions of organisms were exposed in the far zone to 2450-MHz waves at 10 mW/cm2 for one hour in both CW and pulsed (1 microsecond, 600 pps) fields. Spores of A. nidulans were irradiated before and during germination. No changes in survival rate or in frequency of morphological mutation were found. Polycephalum under the influence of CW microwaves incorporated 3H-Thymine into DNA at a rate five times that of controls and twice that of thermal controls. The accelerated synthesis may reflect more efficient volume heating by microwaves, or in the presence of microthermal gradients in suspensions, or field-specific influences in concern with focal or volume heating. PMID- 7003152 TI - The ADP-ATP translocation in mitochondria, a membrane potential controlled transport. PMID- 7003155 TI - Cook/chill foodservice system with a microwave oven: aerobic plate counts from beef loaf, potatoes and frozen green beans. AB - The purpose was to evaluate microbiological quality and end temperature (ET) of portioned food after heating in a microwave oven as used in a hospital cook/chill foodservice system. Beef loaf (15 kg), potatoes (6 kg), and green beans (5 kg) were prepared in a laboratory. After initial cooking to 60 degrees C, and storage (7 degrees C for 24 h), beef loaf (100 g) was microwave heated: 20, 50, 80 or 110 s. Potatoes were reconstituted, stored (7 degrees C for 24 h), portioned (100 g/portion), and microwave-heated: 25, 45, 65 or 84 s. Beans were thawed (7 degrees C for 24 h), portioned (100 g/portion), and microwave-heated: 20, 50, 80 or 110 s. Aerobic plate counts (APC) for foods were obtained throughout product flow. Wide ranges of Et and of APC in foods indicates that research is needed, for greater control of microwave-heating through advanced microwave engineering and food technology, to produce food with constant microbiological quality. PMID- 7003157 TI - The major ribosome binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 is located in its N-terminal segment. PMID- 7003156 TI - Biofeedback and relaxation in the treatment of tension headaches: a reply to Belar. PMID- 7003158 TI - Structure of actinidin, after refinement at 1.7 A resolution. PMID- 7003159 TI - Stoichiometry and structure of a complex of acidic ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7003160 TI - Codon-anticodon interaction in tRNAPhe. II. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the binding of the codon UUC. PMID- 7003161 TI - Sequence homologies between Escherichia coli and chloroplast ribosomal DNA as seen by heteroduplex analysis. PMID- 7003162 TI - Degradation of intracellular protein in Salmonella typhimurium peptidase mutants. PMID- 7003163 TI - Peptide accumulation during growth of peptidase deficient mutants. PMID- 7003164 TI - F factor mobilization of non-conjugative chimeric plasmids in Escherichia coli: general mechanisms and a role for site-specific recA-independent recombination at orV1. PMID- 7003165 TI - Packing of alpha-helices onto beta-pleated sheets and the anatomy of alpha/beta proteins. PMID- 7003166 TI - Study of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to 4-Aminoquinolines (Chloroquine) in Sabah, Malaysia. AB - The status of P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine in Sabah, Malaysia were not know until 1971-1972. Several in-vivo and on in-vivo studies were conducted from 971-1975, and the result showed 51% out of total 57 cases studied were resistant to chloroquine. The latest in-vitro study (collaborative with WHO) started in July 1978, to continue till 1980, to cover the whole State. The preliminary result shows 65 cases (85%) out of a total 76 successful tests are resistant to chloroquine. On the basis of this preliminary result, the radical treatment for P. falciparum infection was changed from chloroquine to Fansidar from June 1979 throughout the State. PMID- 7003167 TI - Probable localization of the bacteriophage T4 prehead proteinase zymogen in the center of the prehead core. AB - During the assembly of the bacteriophage T4 prehead, a T4-coded protease zymogen (P21) is built into the structure. At a certain stage in head formation, the protease precursor is activated and specifically cleaves most of the prehead proteins. In this paper we show that a correlation existed between the presence of proteinaceous material in the center of the prehead core, observed by electron microscopy, and the availability of P21 during prehead assembly. In the absence of P21, the core enclosed a hold of about 35 nm long and 20 nm wide. We found the same for (i) in vitro-assembled, negatively stained prehead-like structures and (ii) in vivo-formed preheads in thin sections of T4-infected cells. We concluded that P21 was localized in the center of the prehead core. PMID- 7003169 TI - The older living renal donor: prognosis for the donor and recipient. AB - Results after 46 renal transplants from living donors more than 50 years old are presented. There were no complications after transperitoneal nephrectomy and renal function remained stable in all donors. The mean followup for transplant recipients was 6.2 years. The 2-year patient and graft survival rates were 76.1 and 60.9 per cent, respectively, while the corresponding 5-year rates were 60.5 and 46.5 per cent, respectively. These results suggest that age per se should not eliminate living related kidney donation. PMID- 7003170 TI - The use of self-retained ureteral stents in the management of urologic complications in renal transplant recipients. AB - Nineteen self-retaining ureteral stents were used to manage postoperative ureteral obstruction and fistulas in 12 renal transplant recipients. In 3 patients with ureteral obstruction and 2 with a fistula placement of the self retaining stents for 4 to 6 weeks allowed the complication to resolve. In 3 patients with ureteral obstruction placement of the self-retaining stents allowed for stabilization of the condition and reduction of immunosuppression therapy before an open surgical repair. In 6 patients self-retaining ureteral stents were used to protect the high risk anastomosis done at an open surgical repair of a complication. Placement of a self-retaining ureteral stent may be the best choice in the early management of ureteral obstruction and fistulas in transplant recipients. PMID- 7003171 TI - An analysis of 100 primary cadaver kidney transplants. AB - A multifactorial analysis of 100 consecutive first cadaver kidney transplants was done to document the current status of this treatment for end stage renal disease and to determine the influence of the following variables on kidney losses owing to rejection: splenectomy, pre-transplant transfusions, transfusion at the transplantation, recipient sex, pre-transplant nephrectomy, donor and recipient A, B or O blood group, human leukocyte A and B antigen mismatches, kidney preservation method, donor treatment with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, recipient treatment with antilymphocyte serum or antilymphoblast globulin and a low dose of steroid treatment for rejection. Pre transplant splenectomy for leukopenia, 5 or more pre-transplant blood transfusions and pre-transplant transfusions without development of circulating cytotoxic antibodies significantly reduced kidney losses owing to rejection (p less than 0.05)., A low dose of steroid treatment for rejection resulted in a trend towards improved patient survival without sacrificing kidney graft survival. Clinical studies demonstrating decreases in kidney graft rejection should be controlled for pre-transplant blood transfusions and, possibly, for pre transplant splenectomy for hypersplenism. PMID- 7003168 TI - Feminizing and non-feminizing Sertoli cell tumors. PMID- 7003172 TI - Results of renal transplantation in children. AB - From 1968 to 1978, 66 renal transplants were performed on 58 pediatric patients with end stage renal failure. With a mean followup of 6 years 46 patients (79.3 per cent) are alive and 35 (60.3 per cent) currently have a functioning renal allograft. Live donor allografts yielded fewer surgical complications and better long-term functional survival rates than cadaver allografts. Patient rehabilitation following a successful renal transplant was excellent. However, despite resumption of growth in most cases normal linear growth was achieved rarely. Renal transplantation provides the best long-term solution to the problem of end stage renal disease in children. PMID- 7003173 TI - Autogenous tunica vaginalis graft for Peyronie's disease: an experimental study and its clinical application. AB - Tunica vaginalis autografting was done after patches of tunica albuginea of the penis were excised in 5 dogs. Examination of these grafts 4 to 12 weeks later showed that they were well accepted. A selected group of 5 patients with Peyronie's disease underwent excision of Peyronie's plaques and autogenous tunica vaginalis grafting with satisfactory results in all cases. PMID- 7003174 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in children: the roile of renal autotransplantation. AB - We describe 2 children with renovascular hypertension treated successfully by autotransplantation, as well as an additional child in whom ex vivo microsurgical repair was attempted. The literature is reviewed and all patients within the pediatric age group with renovascular hypertension who were treated surgically are reported. The different types of vascular reconstructive techniques and, particularly, the previous use of autotransplantation are discussed. PMID- 7003175 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7003176 TI - The final diagnosis of president Cleveland's lesion. PMID- 7003178 TI - Henry Normal Bethune. PMID- 7003177 TI - Deformity and character. Dr Little's diagnosis of Richard III. PMID- 7003180 TI - Literature. PMID- 7003179 TI - The effect of angiotensin II antagonist, Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II, on furosemide induced increase in plasma noradrenaline, renin activity and aldosterone in unanesthetized dogs. AB - In order to evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of blood pressure in the sodium-depleted state, the changes of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma noradrenaline (PNA) were examined in unanesthetized dogs after the administration of furosemide. Furthermore, the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the increased sympathetic nerve activity induced by furosemide was assessed by using Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II, an angiotensin II antagonist. When a dose of 0.8 mg/kg of furosemide was injected intravenously, 3 times every 15 minutes, PRA and PNA were significantly increased with a concomitant increase in PAC. Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II induced a significant increase in PAC and a slight increase in PRA, while no changes were found in PNA and the mean blood pressure. The increase in PNA induced by furosemide was inhibited dose-dependently by Sar1 Ile8-angiotensin II, through PRA and PAC were further increased. There results suggest that an administration of furosemide induced the increase in PNA and the increase in PNA by furosemide might by mediated by the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7003181 TI - [Pulmonary infections following renal transplantations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003183 TI - Preservation of bacterial L-forms by freezing. PMID- 7003182 TI - [A case of malignant lymphoma (histiocytic type) of the thyroid in young woman (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003184 TI - Comparison of membrane immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity tests for detection of cell surface antigens of Marek's disease lymphoma-derived cell line. PMID- 7003185 TI - [A gentle birth without violence (Frederick Leboyer)]. PMID- 7003186 TI - [Interview regarding realities, Kersti Vuorjoki remembers. Interview by Sirkka Aberg]. PMID- 7003187 TI - [The social position and evaluation of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 7003188 TI - [Non-invasive radioisotope evaluation of the left-ventricular function by the "gated technic"]. PMID- 7003189 TI - [False-positive and false-negative electrocardiographic test results with a measured physical load in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7003191 TI - [Atrial fibrillation process studied in clinical practice by using statistical analysis methods]. AB - The results of studying the electrical activity of the atria in 53 patients with cardiac fibrillation by means of a special digital computer system are discussed. On the strength of the aggregate of amplitude, rate, and morphological characteristics, three varieties of fibrillation waves are distinguished. It is shown that in the absence of cardiotropic therapy, the principal regular features in the distribution of the ff waves according to the frequency ranges are preserved in one and the same patients for a long period of time. A characteristic dynamics of changes in atrial activity during treatment with preparations of digitalis was disclosed, which may be an additional criterion of digitalization. A connection was revealed between the changes in atrial activity during treatment with digitalis preparations and the characteristic dynamics of the ventricular rhythm structure. The absence of such correlative connection may be evidence of the possible occurrence of atrioventricular block after restoration of the sinus rhythm. PMID- 7003190 TI - [Experience with the clinical study of cordaron]. AB - Complex examination including continuous long-term observation by means of a computer showed that because of a wide spectrum of action cordaron is among the effective agents for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The capacity of cordaron to reduce the zone of myocardial damage makes its use expedient in the acute period of myocardial infarction. Long-term treatment of patients suffering from chronic ischemic disease of the heart with cordaron raises the tolerance to physical exercise and improves myocardial nutrition. The coronarolytic effect of cordaron is evidently associated to a definite measure with the action of the agent on adenosine metabolism, which is manifested in an increase in its production and inhibition of its inactivation. PMID- 7003192 TI - [Electro- and phonocardiographic changes in tonsillogenic cardiopathies and primary rheumocarditis]. AB - With the use of computers it proved possible to distinguish the most informative electro- and phonocardiographic signs in variants of tonsillogenic affection of the heart and primary rheumatic carditis as the result of which the severity of the myocardial affection could be judged. These signs are very important in the choice of the treatment and in prognosis. Cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonias are characterized by the fewest informative signs indicative of vegetative effects produced on the heart. In tonsillogenic myocardial dystrophy, the number of informative signs and their pronounced character increase, which is evidence of more complex disorders in the heart. The signs in infectious-allergic myocarditis and primary rheumatic carditis are common in character, which makes differential diagnosis difficult and calls for further research into new diagnostic methods. According to the phonocardiogram, a systolic murmur was present in patients of all the groups that were examined, which had specific features in neurocirculatory dystonia and in tonsillogenic myocardial dystrophy. No essential differences were found in myocarditides. PMID- 7003193 TI - [Antibodies to myocardial muscle fiber sarcolemmic antigens in rheumatism and other heart diseases]. AB - The work discusses the results of studying by indirect immunofluorescence and the passive hemagglutination test antibodies to sacolemma antigens of myocardial muscle fiber in patients with rheumatic fever as compared to those in patients with affection of myocardium of nonrheumatic origin. The frequency of the detection of antibodies to sarcolemma antigens in sera of patients with rheumatic fever by immunofluorescence correlates with the activity of the process. No differences were revealed in the frequency of detection of antibodies reacting with sarcolemma in rheumatic fever and in other heart diseases in the active phase. Antibodies to sarcolemma antigens contained in HCL-extracts from human myocardium preparations, which are detected in the passive hemagglutination test are revealed significantly more often in sera of patients with rheumatic fever. Control experiments with IgG fractions obtained from whole sera were conducted to remove any possible nonspesific reactions of tissue extracts with the sera tested. PMID- 7003194 TI - [Differential diagnosis of nonrheumatic cardiopathies in children]. AB - Eleven informative signs significant in differential diagnosis were revealed on the basis of correlation analysis by Wald's consecutive analysis among 182 signs characterizing the manifestation of nonrheumatic cardiopathies in children. A diagnostic table with the level of significance coefficients for each principal sign was complied. PMID- 7003195 TI - [Myocardial contractility and relaxation in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]. AB - The results of computer analysis of echocardiograms of 31 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, patients with stenosis of the aortic orifice, and healthy individuals are discussed. An investigation was made of the local contraction and relaxation of the myocardium of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle, as well as the peculiarities of the total left-ventricular pumping function in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and in those with stenosis of the aortic orifice. The specific features of left-ventricular blood filling and contraction and relaxation of the myocardium of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis were determined. PMID- 7003196 TI - Renal hemodynamics and tubular function normal human pregnancy. PMID- 7003198 TI - Renal hemodynamics and volume homeostasis during pregnancy in the rat. AB - We believe that in pregnant rats, GFR is elevated at term, whereas renal plasma flow appears not to be increased. The mechanism for this increment is unclear, as is the specific time during gestation when renal hemodynamics increase. Rats increase their salt appetite and significantly positive sodium balance occurs, which is most pronounced during the last week of gestation. The retained sodium is distributed in part to the products of conception and in part to the mother, particularly in increasing her extracellular fluid volume. Although chronic volume expansion is present, absolute tubular sodium reabsorption remains elevated. The mechanism for this elevated tubular reabsorption appears no to be related to aldosterone because reduction or inhibition of this mineralocorticoid does not affect sodium balance significantly. PMID- 7003199 TI - Acute renal failure in pregnancy. PMID- 7003197 TI - Sodium and mineralocorticoids in normal pregnancy. PMID- 7003201 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy: definitions, familial factor, and remote prognosis. AB - The clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia is often erroneous, for it may be confused with latent hypertension, acute or chronic renal disease, or frank essential hypertension that had abated during much of pregnancy. Eclampsia and "true" preeclampsia run in families with a frequency suggesting that a single recessive gene may be responsible. Eclampsia and "true" preeclampsia do not cause chronic hypertension, whatever their durations. Gestational hypertension is merely hypertension without proteinuria or abnormal edema. It often has been the basis for the diagnosis of mild preeclampsia, although renal biopsy samples almost never show the characteristic lesion in the absence of proteinuria. Gestational hypertension is often a sign of latent hypertension unmasked by pregnancy. Women with gestational hypertension ultimately have a high prevalence of chronic hypertension, whereas all those whose pregnancies are normotensive ultimately have a low prevalence. PMID- 7003200 TI - Parenthood following renal transplantation. PMID- 7003202 TI - Management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 7003203 TI - Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 7003206 TI - [Anatomical prerequisites for blood supply disorders of the duodenal stump with different suture methods]. PMID- 7003204 TI - Dialysate delivery: historical, theoretical, and practical aspect. AB - Maintenance hemodialysis has progressed from a tentative therapy for a few patients in Seattle to a generally available treatment sustaining 100,000 patients around the world. The technical principles of dialysis are sufficiently understood to permit fabrication of disposable dialyzers in sheet, coil, or hollow-fiber configuration. Dialysate delivery systems can serve either single patients or groups of patients with high efficiency. Reduction in size of single parent systems by incorporation of dialysate regeneration or miniaturization of components in a suitcase will promote patient mobility. PMID- 7003207 TI - [Pancreatic cysts of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7003205 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of laryngeal stenosis in childhood]. PMID- 7003208 TI - [Method of determining the absolute and relative areas of wounds and burns]. PMID- 7003209 TI - [Use of hydrocortisone in treating clean postoperative wounds]. PMID- 7003210 TI - [Theodor Billroth (on the centenary of stomach resection)]. PMID- 7003211 TI - [Enzymatic flow necrolysis in the treatment of suppurative diseases of the soft tissues]. PMID- 7003212 TI - [Use of suppurative wound dialysis in the overall treatment of phlegmons of the face and neck]. PMID- 7003213 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of biologically active and ordinary surgical suture materials on the course of the wound process]. PMID- 7003214 TI - [Mechanisms that inhibit the formation and manifestation of the myocardial depressant factor in shock states]. PMID- 7003215 TI - [Kallikrein and protease activity in the plasma of shock syndrome patients]. PMID- 7003217 TI - [Report on 4055 cataract operations in a department with treatment by non resident physicians, with special consideration of anesthesia problems (author's transl)]. AB - In addition to eye clinics and ophthalmic wards under the supervision of a senior hospital surgeon, wards where patients are treated by their own, non-resident physicians, play an important part in the treatment of eye conditions in Germany. This is a very old tradition which was introduced by von Graefe. Especially in the present situation, now that the number of hospital beds is no longer being increased without very careful thought, there is much talk about the efficiency of differently run wards. In such discussions ophthalmic wards with treatment by non-resident physicians are also being subjected to critical examination. While reports from eye clinics and ophthalmic wards under the management of hospital surgeons frequently appear on the various journals and at conferences, information on wards where beds are available to non-resident physicians is rather scanty. Yet a large proportion of in-patient ophthalmic treatment is administered in such wards. This report covers more than 20 years' experience in a ward of this kind in a large West German city, taking cataract operations as an example. PMID- 7003216 TI - [Importance of gastric secretory tests before and after selective proximal vagotomy in duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7003218 TI - [A safety suture for sclerotomy in vitrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - A safety suture with twisted 6-0 silk material for immediate closure of a sclerotomy wound after pars plana vitrectomy is described. The needle is first carried about 5 mm intrasclerally toward the edge of the sclerotomy and, after an oblique pass across the scleral incision, another intrascleral passage of 5 mm follows on the opposite side (Fig. 1). Bimanual stretching of the safety suture (Fig. 2) by the assistant provides a watertight adaptation of the sclerotomy and facilitates the placing of about four 10-0 interrupted nylon sutures without loss of intraocular pressure. After closing the sclerotomy, the safety suture is cut close to the sclera, and the remaining end of the suture is gently pulled out of the sclera. PMID- 7003219 TI - [Copies of the majolica bas-reliefs form the Albrecht von Graefe Monument in Berlin, installed in the Halle polyklinik (author's transl)]. AB - The bas-reliefs on the walls of the waiting-room in the out-patients department of the University Eye Clinic in Halle (DDR) have now been identified as duplicates of the majolica bas-reliefs sculpted for the Albrecht von Graefe Monument in Berlin. It is assumed that these duplicates were in the Halle University Eye Clinic during the time when Alfred Graefe (1830-1899) was professor there. PMID- 7003220 TI - [Mycosis of lacrimal ducts: I. Fungal dacryosolenitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003221 TI - [The history of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 7003222 TI - [Structure and function of the neuromuscular synapse]. PMID- 7003223 TI - [Possible influences on the effects of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 7003225 TI - [Muscle relaxants--particularly in pregnancy and during birth]. PMID- 7003224 TI - [Muscle relaxants in pediatric diseases, especially in small children and infants with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7003227 TI - [Impulse conduction in the motor endplate and the possibility of affecting it]. PMID- 7003226 TI - [Muscular diseases and the use of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 7003228 TI - [Forms of neuromuscular blockade, types of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 7003229 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 7003230 TI - [Intensive care in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Centralized treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and related problems are presented. Pediatric intensive care allows to overbridge deranged or interrupted organ functions while simultaneously treating the disease causing the disturbance. Its efficiency depends on continuity of medical care. Medical and nursing staff should be trained in the use of specialized equipment, especially monitoring equipment and ventilators. Medical and nursing staff must know who is responsible for the patients all the time. Undivided medical responsibility and coordinated specialist care are essential. Some general points concerning design features, equipment and organisation of a pediatric intensive care unit are made. Some special aspects such as staffing, transportation of high-risk neonates, economy of operation and personal training programm are discussed. Results of pediatric intensive care at the University Children's Hospital Heidelberg are documented. Regionalisation of neonatal care is discussed based on the actuell situation in Baden-Wurttemberg. PMID- 7003233 TI - [HDL cholesterol: clinical and pathobiochemical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in patients with mild hypercholesterolemia (240-300 mg/dl) allows one to distinguish between hyperbetalipoproteinemia (= high atherogenic risk) and hyperalphalipoproteinemia (= low atherogenic risk). In addition, analysis of HDL-cholesterol is of value in the prediction and early recognition of coronary heart disease, particularly in combination with known risk factors (hypertriglyceridemia, adipositas, smoking). This prognostic value of HDL-cholesterol is a result of its negative correlation to coronary heart disease which has been recognized in epidemiologic and clinical studies. The study of Tangier disease (analphalipoproteinemia) and tissue culture experiments will provide opportunities for the further elucidation of the role of HDL in atherogenesis. PMID- 7003232 TI - [HDL cholesterol: biochemical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - High density lipoproteins are a heterogeneous mixture of spherical macromolecules which differ in size (80-120 A), chemical composition (apolipoprotein A-I: 30 35%; apolipoprotein A-II: 10-15%; apolipoprotein C: 3-5%; phospholipids 25-30%; cholesterol/cholesterol esters: 15-20%; triglycerides: 3-5%) and physico-chemical properties. They can be isolated through selective precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a)) and, under routine conditions, quantitation can be performed by the determination of their cholesterol or apolipoprotein content. A considerable portion of high density lipoproteins originates in plasma from discoidal phospholipid-apolipoprotein bilayers (thickness: 46 A; diameter: 190 A). These bilayers are in part synthesized by the liver and in part derived from the surface of chylomicrons during lipolysis. The role of discoidal precursors of high density lipoproteins in cholesterol-uptake from peripheral cells will be discussed. PMID- 7003234 TI - [Tubular phosphate-handling after successful kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003231 TI - [Embolization of renal artery -- an alternative in nephrectomy in the treatment of patients with dialysis and malignant hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Embolization of renal arteries (coil embolization by Gianturco) was performed in four patients with malignant renal hypertension as an alternative to bilateral nephrectomy. Three patients with successful renal transplantation developed intractable hypertension without arterial stenosis of the transplant. One patient treated with hemodialysis showed malignant hypertension refractory to volume depletion and antihypertensive therapy. In all cases hypertension could be improved and thus medical therapy be reduced. PMID- 7003235 TI - Relief from malignant hypertension by treatment with captopril in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - A patient with end-stage renal disease due to malignant hypertension is described. Hypertension was resistant to hemodialysis. The orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme captopril (SQ 14.255; 2-D-methyl-3 mercaptopropanoyl-L-protein) dramatically lowered the elevated blood pressure both under ambulatory and dialysis conditions. No side effects were observed after 6 months' treatment. The effect of captopril could be described as a "biochemical nephrectomy". PMID- 7003237 TI - [Increase of renal failure after treatment of malignant hypertension by captopril (author's transl)]. AB - In a 25-year-old woman with malignant hypertension based on primary nephrosclerosis, captopril, an oral inhibitor of angiotension I-converting enzyme, lowered blood pressure effectively, which had been resistant previously to other oral antihypertensive drugs. Concomitantly with the decrease of the high blood pressure, an increase of creatinine from 2.1 mg% to 8.5 mg% occurred. There is evidence that this increase of renal failure is a consequence of blood pressure reduction and is not caused by a toxic effect of captopril. PMID- 7003238 TI - [Neuro-ornithosis]. PMID- 7003236 TI - [Experimental potassium depletion in normal man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003239 TI - [Problems of heparin therapy]. PMID- 7003240 TI - [Role of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7003241 TI - [Clinical application of insulin and L-dopa tests for evaluating the sympathico adrenal system]. PMID- 7003243 TI - The origins of laboratory animal science and medicine: proceedings of a symposium presented at the 30th annual session of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, Atlanta, 16-21 September 1979. PMID- 7003242 TI - [Therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7003244 TI - Personalities in the early history of laboratory animal science and medicine. PMID- 7003245 TI - The founding and early history of the National Society for Medical Research. PMID- 7003246 TI - The founding and early history of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. PMID- 7003247 TI - The founding and early history of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. PMID- 7003248 TI - The origins of laboratory animal science at the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 7003249 TI - Evolution and history of training and academic programs in laboratory animal medicine. PMID- 7003250 TI - The history of commercial production of laboratory rodents. PMID- 7003251 TI - The collagenous components of the subendothelium. Correlation of structure and function. AB - Endothelial cells provide a continuous nonthrombogenic lining for the vascular tree. Once the endothelium is denuded platelet adhesion and aggregation occur. One postulated mechanism for the nonthrombogenic properties of the endothelial surface is PGI2 production by endothelial cells, which strongly inhibits platelet aggregation. We propose here that the collagen type(s) associated with the endothelial cell surface may also play an important role in these phenomenon. We found that endothelial cells in culture produce types IV and AB2 collagen (both do not aggregate platelets in vitro) and that type AB2 collagen is uniformly distributed on the endothelial cell surface. We have shown this by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, biosynthetic incorporation, and specific immunoprecipitation techniques. Platelets will not aggregate on monolayers of endothelium while they will aggregate on monolayers of other cells cultured from the vascular wall which produce collagen types that aggregate platelets in vitro. Thus, a specific cell surface-associated collagen (type AB2) may be an important determinant in the ability of the endothelial cell to present a nonthrombogenic surface to the blood. PMID- 7003252 TI - Studies of the glomerular mesangium and the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the genetically diabetic mouse. AB - Intact and uninephrectomized genetically diabetic (db/db) mice (C57BL/KsJ) and their nondiabetic littermates (dm/m) had renal biopsies performed at 6 months of age. Renal tissues were studied by regular light microscopy and by a variety of immunohistochemical techniques. Intact db/db mice had peripheral mesangial thickening as compared to db/m mice. This thickening, predominantly due to increased mesangial matrix material, extended to the glomerular hilum and the extraglomerular mesangium of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This abnormality was markedly increased an uninephrectomized db/db mice (db/db-UN) compared to intact db/db mice. Db/m-UN animals had slightly greater mesangial thickness than intact db/mice but less than that of db/db mice. Intact db/db mice had increased mesangial IgM staining compared to db/m mice and these differences were magnified by uninephrectomy. The IgM staining, especially in the diabetic mice, involved the peripheral mesangium and the glomerular hilum extending into extraglomerular mesangium and the distal tubule at the level of the macula densa. The tubular staining in the region of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was between the tubular basement membrane and the epithelial cells and between epithelial cells. The distal tubular epithelial cell cytoplasm also showed increased staining for IgM as the tubule coursed away from the glomerulus. These studies amplify the argument that alterations in glomerular hemodynamics influence the rate of development of diabetic glomerular lesions. Further, these diabetic mice appear to represent an important model for the study of mesangial macromolecular processing mechanisms. PMID- 7003253 TI - Identification and classification of amyloid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 7003254 TI - Effects of ethanol on amino acid uptake by rat liver cells. AB - The effects of ethanol on amino acid uptake were investigated in primary cultures of parenchymal cells isolated from adult rat liver. Sodium-dependent and energy requiring amino acid transport was studied by measuring the uptake of the nonmetabolizable acid, alpha-amino isobutyric acid (AIB). Ethanol (80 to 100 mM) inhibits both basal and insulin-stimulated AIB uptake, measured after 21 hours of exposure to ethanol. Both the initial rate and cumulative uptake of AIB are inhibited. Although inhibition of basal uptake may involve an effect on more than one system for amino acid transport, the inhibition of insulin-stimulated AIB uptake suggests a major effect on the "A" system. The inhibition is dependent on the concentration of ethanol and results in an increase in Km, but no change in Vmax. Blocking the metabolism of ethanol by pyrazole does not prevent the inhibition of AIB uptake. Under these conditions, the presence of ethanol, rather than its metabolism, appears to inhibit amino acid transport. Inhibition of amino acid transport by ethanol may play a role in the ethanol-induced interference with hepatic gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis. PMID- 7003255 TI - The immunohistology of glomerular antigens. V. The collagenous antigens of the glomerulus. AB - Distinct antigenic loci are present within the human glomerulus as demonstrated by high resolution epifluorescent and phase-contrast microscopic techniques using affinity-purified antibody to characterized collagens. Type IV mouse tumor procollagen and type V collagen are present within the mesangium and along the endothelial aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, demonstrating antigenic continuity between these two glomerular zones. In contrast, antiserum to type IV collagen from bovine lens capsule reacts with the full thickness of the glomerular basement membrane, as well as in the tubular basement membrane and Bowman's capsule. Types I procollagen and collagen are found within the epithelium; and types III collagen and procollagen are not detected within the glomerulus. The functional role of the multiple distinct "basement membrane" collagens in the glomerular capillary wall is unknown. A complex structure is suggested, especially in the mesangial-subendothelial continuity, and in the differential localization of two forms of type IV collagen within the glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 7003257 TI - The 1980 William A. Howe award: Herman S. Bush, HSD. PMID- 7003256 TI - Hyaline arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Immunofluorescence findings in the vascular lesions. AB - Of 536 renal specimens examined by direct immunofluorescence in the past 2 years, 153 contained vascular deposits of C3 without associated immunoglobulin or fibrin deposition. Excluding vasculitides, renal transplants, and outside cases with inadequate clinical data, 110 were selected for further study. Light microscopy showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive hyaline vascular deposits in 83 cases, and large electron-dense deposits were identified by electron microscopy in 47 cases. Fifty-one patients had immunologic glomerular disease in addition to hyaline arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Albumin, transferrin, and alpha-2 macroglobulin were not detected in the vessel walls of several selected cases so tested, indicating that passive diffusion probably does not explain C3 deposition. However, properdin was present in 11 of 14, and C4 in two of 11. The mechanism for this association between C3 and properdin deposition and hyaline arteriolar nephrosclerosis is not clear at present, but our findings suggest possible involvement of the alternative pathway of the complement system. PMID- 7003258 TI - Simultaneous quantitative assay of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and p hydroxydiphenylhydantoin by HPLC and a comparison with EMIT. AB - The antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital and phenytoin, were determined in plasma by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the major metabolite of phenytoin, p-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin (HPPH), was determined by HPLC. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for both methods were 7.6% or less for phenobarbital and 8.7% or less for phenytoin, and for HPPH, by liquid chromatography, were 7.4% or less. Both methods also showed good linearity from subtherapeutic through low toxic concentrations. Comparison of the results of the two methods for phenobarbital and for phenytoin showed good correlations r = 0.99 and 0.97 respectively, indicating that HPLC can be used rather than the more commonly used EMIT. In addition, this HPLC method simultaneously measures both antiepileptic drugs and the unconjugated form of the major metabolite of phenytoin, and with prior hydrolysis, the conjugated form of p-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin. PMID- 7003259 TI - Man-made mineral fibres: a historical note. PMID- 7003261 TI - A comparison of contact microphone and electroglottograph for the measurement of vocal fundamental frequency. AB - Signals from a throat contact microphone or an electroglottograph often are more suited for fundamental frequency measurements with simple analog circuits than the radiated speech signal. This report compares a contact (accelerometer) microphone placed on the neck below the cricoid cartilage and an electroglottograph for measurement of fundamental frequency in connected speech. The advantages and drawbacks of the two methods are discussed. PMID- 7003260 TI - A computerized place-manner distinctive feature program for articulation analyses. AB - This paper emphasizes the availability of easy-to-use computers and illustrates some advantages that might be derived from application of computers as clinical tools in our profession. A program designed to perform a series of segmental and componential analyses of misarticulations is described in illustrate a clinical application. Case study data based on 10 computer analyses are summarized and tabulated. PMID- 7003262 TI - Tongue force in normals and in dysarthric patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Tongue force, rate of syllable repetition, and judgments of articulatory defectiveness were measures obtained on 19 dysarthric adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and on 125 normal adults. Anterior and lateral tongue forces were measured by means of a pressure transducer clasped between the teeth; the tongue forces were recorded on a pen-writing ECG apparatus. Audio-recorded syllable repetitions of /p lambda/, /t lambda/, and /k lambda/ also were transcribed on ECG paper and counted. Three listeners rated articulatory precision on a 7-point scale of severity. The normal males had significantly higher tongue forces than normal females; normal subjects had significantly higher tongue forces than dysarthric patients; and anterior tongue forces were significantly greater than lateral in normal and dysarthric patients. There was a high negative correlation between tongue force and severity of articulatory defect. Syllable repetitions were significantly slower in the dysarthric patients than in the normal patients, and a high negative correlation was obtained between syllabic rate and severity of articulatory defect. PMID- 7003263 TI - The role of the Escherichia coli lambda receptor in the transport of maltose and maltodextrins. AB - The lambda receptor is a peptidoglycan-associated integral protein that spans the outer membrane. Beside its function in phage lambda adsorption it participates in transport. The latter function can be summarized as follows: 1) Receptor allows the nonspecific permeation of small molecules other than maltose and maltodextrins (in close analogy to a molecular sieve). Here the only criterion for selectivity is size and it has the properties of an unspecific pore. In this respect, it is similar to the outer membrane proteins Ia, Ib, and Ic, the porins. 2) It is a binding protein for maltodextrins. Binding affinity is low but increases by a factor of 500 as the chain length of the maltodextrins increases. In contrast, the affinity of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein for maltose and maltodextrins is similarly high (in the microM range). 3) In the in vitro system of liposomes, the lambda receptor facilitates specifically the diffusion of maltodextrins that exceed the size limit given by its porin function. This clearly demonstrates that the lambda receptor alone is able to specifically overcome the permeability barrier of the outer membrane for maltodextrins. 4) From the genetic and kinetic analysis of maltose and maltodextrin transport, it can be concluded that the lambda receptor interacts with the periplasmic maltose binding protein. 5) Electron microscopic studies indicate a location for the maltose-binding protein in the outer cell envelope. This location is dependent on the presence of the lambda receptor. PMID- 7003265 TI - History of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. PMID- 7003266 TI - Hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7003264 TI - Characterization of melanoma cell membrane tumor-associated antigens using xenoserum, alloserum, and autoserum: I. immunofluorescence. AB - Xenoantiserum, alloantiserum, and autoantiserum prepared against human melanoma cells from cell lines maintained in tissue culture were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence (ind IF) for their content of antibodies reactive with melanoma cell membrane tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Following absorptions which removed all detectable anti-human species, anti-RBC, and anti-HLA antigen activity, the antisera were tested against a panel of human cell lines. Three apparently distinct melanoma-associated cell membrane antigens were detected. The first of these was present on all human cells maintained in tissue culture including cells of both malignant and nonmalignant origin. The second antigen was expressed on all cells of malignant origin and also by fetal fibroblasts. The third antigen was detectable only on melanoma cells and was expressed by a majority of the melanomas tested. No evidence was obtained to suggest the presence of melanoma TAA unique to a single melanoma cell line. Marked differences were observed in the antigenic profile detected by the three antisera. PMID- 7003267 TI - Surgery of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7003268 TI - Carl Weigert (1845-1904), a pathfinder in medicine. PMID- 7003269 TI - Development of intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7003272 TI - Drug bulletin: U-100 insulin. PMID- 7003271 TI - [Antibodies against endocrine pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7003270 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Case report and attempt at pathophysiological classification (author's transl)]. AB - A 75 year-old male presented with hyperkalemia unexplained by a moderate renal insufficiency, low basal levels of aldosterone and renin with a subnormal response to walking and saline depletion, and normal glucocorticoid function. The hyperkalemia was corrected by fluorocortisone administration. The concept of hypoaldosteronism is reviewed, defining it as an isolated aldosterone deficiency and thus excluding the combined deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone and the suprarenal enzyme deficits that simultaneously involve mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid synthesis. Depending on the presence or absence of alterations of the renin-angiotensin axis, this infrequent syndrome can be pathophysiologically classified as low, normal or high renin hypoaldosteronism. The characteristic features of each type are described, and emphasis is made on the need for a high index of suspicion when unexplained hyperkalemia is present in order to perform the appropriate tests to confirm or rule out hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 7003273 TI - Obituary: Mrs. Katrina Zepps, MBE.HonFCNA.FCN(NSW). PMID- 7003274 TI - Looking back: from the original papers of Richard Bright, 1827. In diseases terminating in dropsical effusion. Case XIV. PMID- 7003275 TI - [Experiences with fibrinogen glue in ENT surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Detailed informations are given about the application technique of a biological tissue adhesive based on fibrinogen clotting after a review about its development and the possibilities of application till now. From experiences in over 50 cases the author found good results by using the Human Fibrin adhesive in the ENT surgery, especially in the surgery of the middle ear, the surgery of the nose, in plastic and plastic-reconstructive surgery, the treatment of fractures of the skull base in the area of the rhino- and otobasis, especially of the sphenoidal sinus, the covering of defects of the oral mucosa and finally to compensate outline defects in the facial area. PMID- 7003276 TI - Later stages of development of the periotic duct and its adjacent area in the human fetus. AB - The later stages of development (16-40 weeks in utero) of the periotic duct and its adjacent areas in the human fetus indicate that the critical stages of development occur in four specific time related stages over a six-week period (20 26 weeks). First, the petrous apex ossifies to separate th inferior cochlear vein into the canal of Cotugno and forms the medial wall of the cochlear aqueduct (22 weeks); second, the canalicular otic capsule fuses with the cochlear otic capsule to obliterate Hyrtl fissure and forms of the lateral wall of the cochlear aqueduct (24 weeks); third, progressive bone deposition to the medial surface of the membranous labyrinth and cochlea at the petrous apex elongates the periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct (32 weeks in utero); and fourth, active arachnoid tissue ingrowth into the periotic duct occurs at 20-24 weeks and 34-40 weeks in utero. The terminal event is widening of the CNS opening of the periotic duct at 32 weeks in utero. The periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct length increase with gestation from 25 weeks until term. The periotic duct width remains the same throughout the gestation. The cochlear aqueduct width diminishes with gestational age. The periotic duct remains patent throughout 16-40 weeks in utero. PMID- 7003277 TI - [Viral hepatitis effect on renal graft survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003278 TI - [Croatian stomatological terminology in the second half of the 19th century]. PMID- 7003279 TI - S-adenosylhomocysteine is bound to pineal hydroxyindole O-methyl transferase. PMID- 7003280 TI - Neural influence on muscle hydrolase activity. PMID- 7003281 TI - Butyric acid: a small fatty acid with diverse biological functions. PMID- 7003282 TI - Antagonism by an LHRH agonist of the steroidogenic effects of exogenous human chorionic gonadotrophin in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7003283 TI - [DES-ASP1] Angiotensin II in the sheep: blood levels and its effect on plasma renin concentration. PMID- 7003285 TI - Choline analogs as potential tools in developing selective animal models of central cholinergic hypofunction. PMID- 7003287 TI - [Postradiation disorders of neuroendocrine interaction]. PMID- 7003286 TI - Microbiological studies investigation mutagenicity of deep frying fat fractions and some of their components. AB - In this study, the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test according to Ames et al. (Mutation Res. 31:347, 1975) was performed in order to detect possible mutagenicity of oxidized deep frying fat fractions. Furthermore, the mono-, di-, tri- and tetrahydroxyoctadecanoic acids and the hydroperoxide of linoleic acid were investigated as model test substances. The Ames assay was carried out with and without metabolic activation including preincubation and liquid culture procedures as described by Mitchell (Mutation Res. 54:1, 1978). The results show no mutagenic effects for the oxidized fractions of deep frying fats nor for the model test substances. At higher concentrations, however, limited test reliability resulted from direct toxic effects on bacterial growth. PMID- 7003284 TI - Naloxone reduces cigarette smoking. PMID- 7003288 TI - [Bibliographic index of inventions for radionuclide diagnosis and radiation therapy for the 2d half of 1979; based on data from the official bulletins of the patent services of the USSR, Great Britain, USA, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan and France]. PMID- 7003289 TI - [Heroic deeds of nurses in the 1st period of World War II]. PMID- 7003290 TI - [In the name of life]. PMID- 7003291 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 7003292 TI - [Automation of the technological medical process in ambulatory polyclinic and hospital establishments]. AB - Now, the creation of automated instruments, apparatus and systems providing complex instrumentation of medical technological processes in ambulant polyclinical and hospital centers became the main line of the medical technique's development. Primary problems and objects of automation are determined from the proposed models of managing the treatment and diagnostic processes in these establishments. PMID- 7003294 TI - [Nomenclature of the blood pressure measuring devices for equipping ambulatory polyclinic and hospital establishments]. AB - Information containing in the blood pressure characteristics is extremely significant for diagnosis of the patient's state. Accordingly, elaboration and production of the blood-measuring facilities acquires primary importance. The article presents approximate nomenclature of technical facilities needed by different public-health services and main requirements to them. PMID- 7003293 TI - [Aspects of providing the equipment for mass screening systems for the early detection of oncological diseases]. AB - An optimal modification of the patients flow arrangement is offered for more convenient form and methods of the population screening for malignant tumours and precancerous diseases, aided by medical and computer techniques. A scheme of the mass-screening system and principal aspects of technical provision particularly for oncological screening are presented. PMID- 7003295 TI - [Systemic treatment with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct. Value of a therapy]. PMID- 7003296 TI - [History of the treatment of pain]. PMID- 7003297 TI - [Harvey Williams Cushing (1869-1939) and modern brain surgery]. PMID- 7003298 TI - The acute monocytic leukemias: multidisciplinary studies in 45 patients. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of 37 patients with variants of acute monocytic leukemia are described. Three of these 37 patients who had extensive extramedullary leukemic tissue infiltration are examples of true histiocytic "lymphomas." Three additional patients with undifferentiated leukemias, one patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts, one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one patient with B-lymphocyte diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma and one patient with "null" cell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive lymphoblastic lymphoma had bone marrow cells with monocytic features. Another patient had dual populations of lymphoid and monocytoid leukemic cells. The true monocytic leukemias, acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMOL), are closely related to acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) morphologically and by their response to chemotherapy. like AML, the leukemic cells from the AMMOL and AMOL patients form leukemic clusters in semisolid media. Cytochemical staining of leukemic cells for nonspecific esterases, presence of Fc receptor on the cell surface, phagocytic ability, low TdT activity, presence of surface "ruffles" and "ridges" on scanning EM, elevations of serum lysozyme, and clinical manifestations of leukemic tissue infiltration are features which accompanied monocytic differentiation in these cases. PMID- 7003299 TI - Long range control circuits within mitochondria and between nucleus and mitochondria. I. Methodology and phenomenology of suppressors. AB - To uncover the functional circuitry both within the mitochondrial genome and between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genome, we have developed a general method for selecting and characterizing genetically suppressor mutations that restore the respiratory capacity of mit- mitochondrial mutants. Several hundreds of pseudo-wild type revertants due to a second unlinked mutation which suppresses a target mit- mutation were isolated. The suppressor mutations were found located either in the nuclear (abbreviated NAM for 'nuclear accommodation of mitochondria') or in the mitochondrial genome (abbreviated MIM for 'mitochondrial mitochondrial interaction'). The specificity of action of various suppressors upon some 250 different mit- mutations located in several genes was tested. According to this specificity of action, suppressors were subdivided into two major classes: allele specific or gene specific suppressors. Because the cob-box mitochondrial gene has a mosaic organization, we were able to find a novel third class of extragenic suppressors specific for mit- mutations within the introns of this gene. Four examples of suppressors showing various specificities of action illustrate our approach. (1) a nuclear gene controlling specific alleles of different mitochondrial genes; (2) a nuclear gene controlling selectively one intron of a split mitochondrial gene; (3) a mitochondrial gene controlling specific alleles of different mitochondrial genes; (4) a region in one complex mitochondrial gene which controls selectively one intron of another split mitochondrial gene. Different mechanisms of suppression are discussed stressing the alleviation of splicing deficiencies of intron mutations. PMID- 7003301 TI - Homologies among ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA genes in chloroplasts, mitochondria and E. coli. AB - Labelled chloroplast rRNAs from Spinacia oleracea were hybridized to restriction endonuclease digests of chloroplast DNA from Oenothera hookeri and Euglena gracilis, to mitochondrial DNA of Acanthamoeba castellanii, and to DNA of the E. coli rrn B operon in the transducing phage lambda rifd 18. The degree of homology is greatest for the 16S rRNA gene. Greater than 90% occurs between the two higher plant genes, 80% homology to the lower plant gene, 60%-70% homology to the bacterial gene, and 20% homology to the mitochondrial gene. The degree of hybridization varied considerably for the 23S and the 5S rRNA genes. Very high homology exists between the two higher plant genes, only about 50% homology for both the Euglena and bacterial genes, and no significant homology for the mitochondrial genes. These results show that any chloroplast (or E. coli) rRNA may be used as a probe to identify rRNA genes in other ctDNAs. Two RNA populations, each enriched for a different ctDNA-encoded mRNA, proved useful in the location of these genes on both higher plant ctDNAs. No significant hybridization was obtained using these probes to the Euglena ctDNA which seems to be too distantly related. PMID- 7003300 TI - Genes and sites involved in replication and incompatibility of an R100 plasmid derivative based on nucleotide sequence analysis. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the entire region required for autonomous replication and incompatibility of an R100 plasmid derivative, pSM1, has been determined. This region includes the replication region and all plasmid encoded information required for replication. Numerous reading frames for possible proteins can be found in this region. The existence of one of these proteins called RepA1 (285 amino acids; 33,000 daltons) which is encoded within the region known by cloning analysis to be required for replication is supported by several lines of evidence. These include an examination of the characteristic sequences on the proximal and distal ends of the coding region, a comparison of the sequence of the replication regions of pSM1 and the highly related R1 plasmid derivative Rsc13 as well as other biochemical and genetic evidence. The existence of two other proteins, RepA3 (64 amino acis; 7000 daltons) and RepA2 (103 amino acids; 11,400 daltons) is also consistent with most of the criteria mentioned above. However, the region encoding RepA3, which by cloning analysis is within the region responsible for both replication and incompatibility, has never been demonstrated to produce a 7,000 dalton polypeptide. Since a large secondary structure can be constructed in this region, it is possible that the region contains structure or other information that is responsible for incompatibility. RepA2, encoded entirely within the region identified by cloning analysis to be responsible for incompatibility but not for replication can be visualized in vivo and in vitro. However, the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding RepA2 is completely different in mutually incompatible plasmid derivatives of R1 and R100. It is therefore unlikely that RepA2 plays a major role in incompatibility. Thus, we predict that RepA2 is required to initiate DNA synthesis at the replication origin and that the region proximal to RepA2 either encodes a gene product or structure information that is responsible for incompatibility. PMID- 7003303 TI - A mutation in Salmonella typhimurium imparting conditional resistance to 5 fluorouracil and a bioenergetic defect: mapping of cad. AB - The position of the genetic locus allelic with the cad-2 mutation has been located between units 14 and 15 of the linkage map of S. typhimurium. Fine structure mapping established the gene order as cad flrB nag. The genetic evidence coupled with biochemical evidence indicates that this cad locus is homologous to the ubiF gene of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7003302 TI - Production of extrachromosomal r-determinant circles from integrated R100.1: involvement of the E. coli recombination system. AB - The drug resistance plasmid R100.1 can integrate into the E. coli chromosome at several sites on the plasmid. Many of the resulting Hfr strains continuously produce extrachromosomal circular forms of the r-determinant. These r-det 'plasmids' seem incapable of stable autonomous replication. We show that their presence in the cell requires the continuous activity of functional recA and recC genes but does not require the lexA function. The production of r-det circular forms is correlated with an increased copy number of r-det sequences, relative to RTF sequences, This copy number increase is, however, also found in a recA- background where no circular forms of r-det are found. These results show that a specific replication of r-det sequences, not present in the wild-type R100.1 plasmid, occurs in these R-Hfr strains. They suggest that a rec promoted recombination, posterior to the specific replication event, is needed for the production of circular r-det forms. PMID- 7003304 TI - The effect of amino acid starvation on a major, acid soluble compound on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7003305 TI - The RAD52 gene is not required for the function of the DEL1 mutator gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The DEL1 mutator inb Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to the formation of deletions adjacent to itself (Liebman et al. 1979). Here we show that the frequency of these DEL1-promoted deletions is not altered by the presence of the recombination deficient mutation, rad52-l. This indicates that generalized recombination is not required for the formation of deletions in DEL1 yeast strains. PMID- 7003306 TI - Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans. AB - Strain FC18 of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is heterozygous at a gene required for synthesis of methionine and cysteine, and yields auxotrophic derivatives by induced mitotic segregation. Derivatives of FC18 are heterozygous at other genes. Genetic analysis of C. albicans is feasible using induced mitotic recombination. PMID- 7003307 TI - Hyper-recombination in uvrD mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutant strain of E. coli which was isolated initially because of its strong hyper-recombination phenotype was shown to carry a lesion in uvrD. The presence of this mutation, designated uvrD210, increased the frequency of recombination between chromosomal duplications in F-prime repliconant cells and reduced linkage between closely linked markers in crosses with Hfr donors. A comparable hyper-rec phenotype was demonstrated in strains carrying other alleles of uvrD previously referred to as mutU4, uvr502 and recL152. The recombination activity of a uvrD210 strain was abolished by mutation of recA but the mutator activity associated with this allele proved to be independent of recA. It is suggested that uvrD mutations reduce the fidelity of DNA replication and that the accumulation of lesions in the newly synthesized strand provides additional sites for initiating recombination. PMID- 7003308 TI - Amber-mutants of plasmid mini-F defective in replication. AB - Amber mutants of the mini-F plasmid pML31 were isolated with the mutagen hydroxylamine. Under non-permissive conditions amber mutants segregate and show no incorporation of label into supercoiled plasmid DNA in double-label experiments. Wild-type and one mutant of mini-F were integrated by recombinant DNA techniques into the single EcoRI site of plasmid vector pBR322. Plasmid specific proteins were labeled in minicells and analysed by SDS-PAGE. A 34,000 dalton molecular weight protein was identified to be missing in the amber mutant of plasmid mini-F. PMID- 7003310 TI - Genetics of oxidative phosphorylation: allelism studies of mitochondrial loci in the PHO1--OLI2 region of the genome. AB - In a search for new aerobic-growth deficiency mutations affecting mitochondrial energy-conservation two mit- mutations, namely pho-8 and pho-9, have been isolated. The two mutations are allelic with each other, but not allelic with the previously known pho1 mutations although close linkage is indicated. Allelism studies define three distinct PHO loci clustered in this region which also includes the drug-resistance loci OSS1, OLI2 and OLI4. The existence of phenotypically-distinct markers makes the region amenable to fine-structure mapping. PMID- 7003309 TI - Plasmid mini-F encoded proteins. AB - Proteins specified by the mini-F plasmid (EcoRI restriction fragment f5) were labeled in Escherichia coli minicells and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Four mini-F encoded proteins could be identified, having molecular weights of 44,000 (A), 36,000 (B), 34,000 (C), and 25,300 (D) daltons. The absence of certain proteins in deleted derivatives of mini-F, generated by treatment with various restriction endonucleases, allowed mapping of the proteins. The A protein maps between F coordinates 45.7 and 47.9 kb. The gene locus for the B protein is located between 47.2 and 49.3 kb. The C protein maps on a BamHI fragment bordered by F coordinates 41.5 and 42.8 kb, and finally the D protein maps between 42.8 and 43.8 kb. In addition our data confirm that there are two incompatibility loci on the mini-F genome, located between 45.7 and 47.2 kb (incA) and 44.0 and 45.7 kb (incB). We suggest that (i) the C and D proteins are positive control elements, interacting with origin I and origin II, respectively, (ii) that the incB locus is involved in plasmid partitioning, and (iii) that the A protein encoded by the incA locus is a negative control element. PMID- 7003311 TI - Genetic analysis of resistant mutants to antimitotic benzimidazole compounds in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Mutants resistant to the antimitotic compounds thiabendazole and methyl-2 benzimidazole-carbamate were isolated and analyzed genetically in the fission yeast. Schizosaccharomyces pombe. They comprised three groups in terms of genetic linkage. Mutants in one linkage group (ben1) differed phenotypically from those in the other two (ben2 and ben3). The former were resistant to the compounds at any physiological temperature tested, whereas the latter exhibited temperature dependent resistance. Through tetrad analysis, ben1 was mapped at the rightmost part of chromosome II, and ben2 was mapped near the centromere of the same chromosome. Haploidization experiments revealed the location of ben3 on chromosome II. By analogy with Aspergillus nidulans, it is suggested that one of these ben genes may code for tubulin. PMID- 7003312 TI - Effects of growth conditions and mutations in RNA polymerase on translational activity in vitro in Escherichia coli. AB - The translational capacity in vitro in Escherichia coli, using RNA from phage R17 or Q beta as messenger, is several times higher if the extracts are prepared from cells harvested in early exponential phase or grown under conditions of good aeration compared to if extracts are prepared from cells harvested in a later growth phase or grown under semi-aerobic conditions. In low activity extracts the production of phage replicase protein is preferentially affected. Growth of a wild type strain under semi-aerobic conditions has a less pronounced effect on translational capacity in vitro using crude mRNA from normal or T4 infected cells or with poly(U). Mutants were fortuitously found which did not show a lowered translational activity in vitro as a result of entering late phase of growth. Two of these were changed in RNA polymerase. Two different translational inhibitors can be demonstrated in the ribosomal wash fraction obtained from semi-aerobically grown wild type cells, whereas only one was found in the case of aerobically grown cells. The low translational activity of semi-aerobically grown cells in vitro is implied to be dependent on the induction or activation of a translational inhibitor. It behaves like a protein but is not likely to be a protease or RNAse. PMID- 7003313 TI - Isolation of mutants of Escherichia coli with increased resistance to alkylating agents: mutants deficient in thiols and mutants constitutive for the adaptive response. AB - A search has been made for mutants of E. coli that are constitutive for the adaptive response to alkylating agents. When selection was for resistance to N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) the resulting strains all proved to be low in intracellular thiols. As MNNG has to be converted by thiols to the proximal mutagen methylnitrosamine, these strains were resistant simply because their low thiol levels made them less readily methylated by MNNG. The selection was therefore undertaken for strains resistant to N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) because this alkylating agent does not require activation by thiols. Four MNU resistant mutants proved to be constitutive for the adaptive response. Following exposure to (3H) MNNG, they showed the same low ratio of O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) to 7-methylguanine (7MeG) as adapted wild type bacteria. The ratio of 3 methyladenine (3MeA) to 7MeG was the same in the wild type, the adapted wild type, and the constitutive strains. When exposed to very high MNNG doses, the constitutive mutants were even more resistant to mutation and killing than the adapted wild type. They have an even greater ability than the adapted wild type to remove O6MeG from methylated DNA (Lindahl personal communication). PMID- 7003314 TI - The trans action of HMRa in mating type interconversion. AB - HML and HMR are the sites of cryptic mating type genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the presence of the HO gene, the information from HML or HMR (an a or alpha cassette) is transferred to the mating type locus (MAT). HML, HMR, and MAT are located on chromosome III, yet are widely separated. Similarly, in other yeasts, at least some of the genes involved in mating typing interconversion are linked to the mating type locus. We demonstrate here that a cassette donor (HMR) and the cassette target (MAT) need not be physically linked for successful mating type interconversion. In particular, we show that HMRa on one chromosome can donate an a cassette to the mating type locus on a homologous chromosome III. PMID- 7003315 TI - A placebo-controlled trial of ethinyl oestradiol and norethisterone in climacteric women. AB - A placebo-controlled trial has shown that 15 microgram of ethinyl oestradiol is as effective as 25 microgram daily in reducing both menopausal symptoms and the urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline. Norethisterone 5 mg daily also showed a significant reduction in the climacteric symptoms but was less effective than either of the ethinyl oestradiol doses. PMID- 7003316 TI - Ultrastructural study of glycogen in Candida albicans. AB - Cultured blastospores of Candida albicans exhibit cytoplasmic granularity which obliterates the identification of its organelles. Abundant glycogen particles attribute to this phenomenon to a large extent. PMID- 7003317 TI - Viability of Salmonella typhimurium in metabisulphite-treated bone meal: effect of inocula and moisture variation on the lethal potency of metabisulphite. AB - The susceptibility of different inocula of Salmonella typhimurium to the antimicrobial action of various concentrations of metabisulphite in rehydrated bone meal has been investigated. Furthermore, the lethal potency of metabisulphite in the presence of various metabisulphite and moisture concentrations has been examined. It has been shown that the lethal potency of metabisulphite was dependent upon the inocula used in the simulated contamination and the moisture content of the bone meal. A study of the longevity of the potency of metabisulphite has revealed that such a potency could be maintained without a decrease in efficacy for 14--28 days depending on the metabisulphite level in the bone meal. PMID- 7003318 TI - Cobalt and nickel sensitivity and tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - In liquid medium the lag of K. pneumoniae NCIB 418 increased progressively as the Co2+ or Ni2+ concentration was increased, and Ni2+ was more inhibitory than Co2+. Adding EDTA, citrate or aspartate, removed this action, and changing to conditions of K+-limitation reduced it significantly but Mg2+-limited organisms were more sensitive to both metal ions. Resistence to Co2+ and Ni2+ developed. It was graded to the concentration to which the organisms were previously exposed and reciprocal cross-resistance, albeit partial, occurred between the ions. On agar-media the concentrations of Co2+ and Ni2+, which reduced the survival to 50%, were not significantly different and in admixture the ions exerted an additive effect. On the other hand the combination of either of the metal ions with Cd2+ or Zeciprocal cross-resistance, albeit partial, occurred between the ions. On agar-media the concentrations of Co2+ and Ni2+, which reduced the survival to 50%, were not significantly different and in admixture the ions exerted an additive effect. On the other hand the combination of either of the metal ions with Cd2+ or Zeciprocal cross-resistance, albeit partial, occurred between the ions. On agar-media the concentrations of Co2+ and Ni2+, which reduced the survival to 50%, were not significantly different and in admixture the ions exerted an additive effect. On the other hand the combination of either of the metal ions with Cd2+ or Zn2+, especially with Cd2+, was synergistic. The results are discussed with reference to the work of others with Co2+ and Ni2+, and to our earlier work with Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Tl+ and crO42-. PMID- 7003320 TI - Publications concerning microscopic equipment, methods, applications, and related topics. PMID- 7003319 TI - Ultrastructural quantitative stereology on 'mixed' cell populations: problems and possibilities. AB - Contrary to homogeneous tissues, "mixed" tissues or cell suspensions are composed of different cell individuals. They have been characterized as heterogeneous cell populations (composed of cells of different cytogenetical source) and heteromorphous or inhomogeneous cell populations (of cells of the same type but of different individual functional state). Certain problems may arise during ultrastructural morphometrical investigations of heteromorphous populations. Because of the different size of planes of sectioning of individual cells, morphometrical results should be treated by means of modifications of the t-test [4]. Furthermore, the unambiguous classification of individual cell profiles necessitates a conscious selection of cell profiles containing a nuclear profile. This non-random sampling approach leads to systematic errors of computed parameters for the whole cell as the nuclear volume fraction and the specific cell surface area which should be corrected. Besides correction procedures derived from regular geometrical models we have presented correction methods for cells with non-spherical nucleus and a cell surface with marked surface projections [13, 21]. On the other hand, on heteromorphous cell populations, more detailed information about functional events can be gained, in comparison the customary stereological mean values, by means of frequency distributions of morphometrical data of individual cell profiles as well as by correlation of data of different cell organelles. PMID- 7003321 TI - Long range planning--the conversion of a retreat to an advance. PMID- 7003322 TI - MSMS seeking new legislation to mandate medicaid peer review system. PMID- 7003323 TI - [Adaptation of certain strains of Escherichia coli to different sea water temperatures]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the adaptation of Escherichia coli strains to different temperatures (from 0 to 20 degrees C) of sea water. Three out of the four studied strains were capable of growing in sea water. Two of the strains could grow at 20, 10 and 5 degrees C while the third one did not grow below 20 degrees C. After the strains had been kept for a long time in sea water, some cells lost the ability to grow at 37 degrees C; a temperature considerably below 37 degrees C was optimal for their growth. The absence of growth when cells kept for a long time in sea water at 20, 10 and 5 degrees C were inoculated in the Endo medium does not signify that they died, since some of the cells were found to be capable of growth upon the subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7003324 TI - [Nature of microorganism interaction through gaseous metabolites]. PMID- 7003325 TI - [Kinetics of continuous growth of a culture of Debaryomyces formicarius in an incubator and continuous-flow columns with a solid phase]. AB - Continuous growth of the yeast Debaryomyces formicarius was comparatively studied in two types of open systems, viz, chemostat and a continuous-flow column packed with sand. The dynamics of concentrations of growth substrates and microbial biomass was assayed in the column and in the column eluate in the conditions of carbon and nitrogen limitation. A kinetic model for microbial growth in the continuous-flow column is proposed; the model is based on the assumption that the microbial population contains free and immobilized cells which differ sharply in their metabolic activity. Principal differences in the kinetics of microbial growth in continuous-flow columns as compared to that in chemostat are discussed. PMID- 7003326 TI - [Testing the virulence of nodule bacteria cultivated on the embryos of leguminous plants]. PMID- 7003327 TI - [Heterogeneity of the methanol-assimilating yeasts Candida boidinii with respect to alcohol oxidase content]. AB - The activity of alcohol oxidase (AO) in the cells of Candida boidinii, in actively growing cultures, depends on the stage of the cell cycle. The minimal activity of AO was found in young cells produced by budding and in cells in the process of budding. The maximal activity of AO was detected in the fraction of cells of a medium size. The activity of AO decreased abruptly when the cells proceeded to budding. The activity of catalase depended on the stage of the cell cycle only to a minor extent. PMID- 7003328 TI - A new concept of lifestyle-related cardiovascular disease: the importance of interactions between cholesterol, essential fatty acids, prostaglandin E1 and thromboxane A2. AB - A proposal to account for the inter-relationships between established risk factors and cardiovascular disease is presented. In this concept, the critical substance is prostaglandin (PG) E1 which is a vasodilator, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, an inhibitor of cholesterol and collagen biosynthesis and an inhibitor of smooth muscle proliferation. PGE1 biosynthesis is enhanced by the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, by the platelet aggregating agent thromboxane (TX) A2, by cholesterol and by melatonin. These factors may participate in a negative feedback control loop. As a result of the operation of this loop, any tendency for PGE1 levels to fall is followed by increased cholesterol and TXA2 biosynthesis, and enhanced platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle proliferation and collagen biosynthesis. Enhancement of PGE1 biosynthesis will have the opposite effects. Factors known to increase PGE1 biosynthesis include essential fatty acids, vitamin C, ethanol, pyridoxine, zinc and probably niacin, all of which are known to have some protective effects against cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis predicts that lowering of cholesterol biosynthesis by any method other than enhanced PGE1 formation, while reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, will increase the risk of other disorders. The hypothesis suggest new approaches to treatment and new ways of combining existing treatments. Colchicine, which at low concentrations may imitate and action of melatonin, has particularly interesting possibilities. Colchicine and related compounds have already been shown to have potent cholesterol-lowering and anti-atherogenic actions in both humans and animals. PMID- 7003329 TI - [Comparative therapeutic studies in oncology]. PMID- 7003330 TI - [Ovariectomy should not lead to any psychosomatic catastrophe]. PMID- 7003331 TI - [Importance of the liver in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7003333 TI - Radial keratotomy -- an operation for myopia. PMID- 7003332 TI - Fructose for weight reduction. PMID- 7003334 TI - The in situ cellular immune response in BALB/c mice jejunum disseminated lymphoid tissue after stimulations with E. coli endotoxin. AB - The feasibility of the functional ultrastructure, a term used to describe the in situ immunocumpetent cell topography, B-cell transformation, multiplication and cell-to-cell interactions, was only recently made possible (Toma et al. 1977a; Toma and Retief 1978). The functional ultrastructure of the BALB/c mice jejunum disseminated lymphoid tissue (JDLT) before and after four i.p. sequential stimulations with 5 ng E. coli endoxin (ECE) each revealed the following results: 1. The in vitro T-cell response was found to be by recruitment and not by the in situ cell division. T-lymphocyte recirculation in the thymus may be the answer to the question "Where does the clonal proliferation occur?" 2. Two T-cellular immune responses have been identified, one occurring early during the stimulation (1st and 2nd stimulations) and the other occurring late (after the 4th stimulation with ECE). It was thought that the first T-cell response represented the helper type of the immune response, whereas the second would represent the suppressor T-cell response. 3. The B-cell response, as judged from the percentage of plasma cells (PC) generated, was strong in the T-PC islands but no patterns of its generation could be established. 4. The curious topography of the immunocompetent cells inside the T-PC islands in the Lieberkuhn crypts was found and their origin discussed. We aimed to establish the physiology of the cellular immune response in JDLT and to use it as a normal comparative model. It will be compared with the pathology of immune response in this part of BALB/c mouse gut established by immunosurveillance and tumorigenesis in artificially induced plasmacytomas with mineral oil (the following article). PMID- 7003336 TI - A new therapy schedule for pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma toxicity with preliminary results. AB - A pilot study of the toxicity and efficacy of a new treatment schedule for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was conducted by members of the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) prior to its use in a randomized phase III trial. Chemotherapeutic agents used were cyclophosphamide (CPM), vincristine (VCR), and prednisone, together with intravenous (IV) and intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTS). Radiation therapy was also employed. From September 1976 to April 1977, 27 eligible, newly diagnosed patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were entered onto this pilot study. Toxicity was acceptable with minor adjustments in dosage and timing of the myelosuppressive agents. Fourteen of the 22 patients entered onto maintenance remain entirely disease-free, and all have completed the prescribed course of chemotherapy. None of the 12 patients characterized as having a "favorable" prognosis has relapsed, with a median follow-up of 27 months from on study. PMID- 7003335 TI - Implementation of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in the St. Louis Metropolitan area: 1976-1977. AB - In order to determine the extent of implementation of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II carcinoma of the breast in the St. Louis area, records of all patients with stage II carcinoma of the breast treated with standard or modified radical mastectomy in five different St. Louis hospitals were reviewed. Between July 1, 1976, and July 1, 1977 (17 months after publication of preliminary L-PAM results and 4 months after publication of preliminary L-PAM results and 4 months after publication of preliminary CMF results), 73% of 24 premenopausal patients and 55% of 58 postmenopausal patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Ten percent of premenopausal and 31% of postmenopausal patients received therapy other than CMF or L-PAM. Compared to premenopausal patients in university-affiliated hospitals, premenopausal patients in community hospitals tended to receive radiation therapy more commonly and chemotherapy alone less often (P < 0.1). Compared to postmenopausal patients in university-affiliated hospitals, postmenopausal patients in community hospitals more commonly received chemotherapy alone, and less often received no adjuvant therapy (P < 0.05). We conclude that results of adjuvant chemotherapy trials can be rapidly implemented into standard practice both in university-affiliated and community hospitals. Since 12 of 52 patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in fact received nonstandard, unpublished regimens, improvements in phase IV drug development may be required to prevent potentially deleterious modifications of published recommendations. PMID- 7003337 TI - [Results of organ transplantation]. PMID- 7003339 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Ultrasonic diagnosis is widely used today in obstetrics and gynecology. As no harmful side-effects, neither to the mother nor to the fetus can be detected, the method can be used to study the fetal development in its natural environment. The technics used for this study are either compound-scan or real-time scan. Progressing from the early to the late pregnancy the clinical problems, in which ultrasonic diagnosis is of importance are discussed. In early pregnancies these problems are related with the symptoms of abortion, whereby intact pregnancy, blighted ovum, missed abortion, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, can be differentiated by ultrasonic examination. In advanced pregnancies ultrasonic examinations are used to achieve biometric data reflecting normal and abnormal progress in the uterine fetal development. Such data are the biparietal diameter and abdominal measurements such as diameter and circumferences which may be influenced by placental insufficiency resulting in growth retardation. The importance of the exact location of the placenta using echography as well as the possibility of the exact diagnosis of the fetal position are stressed. In gynecology echography can be used for monitoring the ovarian cycle in demonstrating the maturing follicle and the corpus luteum. Tumors of the genital organ can be differentiated to a certain extent. In the management of patients suffering from cancer, ultrasonography can be used for treatment-planning and in the follow-up study to detect local or lymphonodal recurrences as early as possible and to plan second-look operations. PMID- 7003340 TI - Fan-beam computerized tomography systems with rotating and with stationary detector arrays ('third' and 'fourth' generation). AB - Part I of the present work describes the fundamental problems important for understanding the function of fan-beam computerized tomography systems. First, the relationship between the number of detectors, the number of attenuation profiles, the number of volume elements in which the object slice is decomposed and the number of picture elements in the final image is explained. Then the influence of both the detector width and the sampling distance on the accuracy at which the attenuation profiles can be measured, is defined. Three spatial frequencies play an important part: the aperture cutoff frequency, the sampling frequency, and, coupled with the latter, the Nyquist frequency. Finally, the modulation transfer function, one of the most important quantitative characteristics of any computerized tomography system, is described. Part II of the present work describes the essential design characteristics of fan-beam computerized tomography systems with rotating as well as with stationary detector arrays. It is shown that both types of CT systems have been produced with different implementations. It is further explained that both CT types apply different sampling processes and, moreover, differ in image reconstruction techniques. However, it should be noted that this work presents only fundamental facts and does not attempt to be detailed. PMID- 7003338 TI - New methods in gastroenterology. AB - Major advances in gastroenterology are due in part to the rapid development of fiberendoscopes. Originally intended to improve gastroenterological diagnostics, the field of application was broadened by a variety of therapeutic procedures which now concur with the corresponding surgical approach. Endoscopic electro- and photocoagulation has considerably improved the outcome of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage: endoscopic polypectomy is the procedure of choice today in benign and occasionally in malignant bowel tumors. Biliary tract surgery was revolutionized by endoscopic sphincterotomy, offering a low-risk procedure in high-risk patients with common bile duct stones. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis by duct occlusion is just the beginning, and the old dream of dissolving gallstones rapidly by perfusing the biliary system with litholytic agents is now reality. Finally, the transhepatic or internal drainage in obstructive jaundice leads to transitory preoperative or permanent relief in malignant blockade of bile flow. PMID- 7003341 TI - Glucose and insulin dynamics in the anaesthetized dog: a mathematical modeling study. AB - A combined circulation and organs model of glucose and insulin dynamics is presented. The model is based on physiological parameters, incorporating blood and plasma flow rates, circulatory paths, intra-and extra-vascular glucose and insulin spaces, as well as the specific organs and tissues involved both with insulin disappearance and with glucose production or uptake. Its simulations readily lend themselves to physiological interpretation. To explore its validity, the model was assigned parameters typical of a 12 kg dog and was arranged to accept known glucose and insulin infusions from four different experiments on such diabetic animals. It predicted the observed glucose and insulin concentrations as well as total uptake rates for both moieties. This confirmed the ability of the model to predict with consistency the group mean outcomes of these four experiments when differing routes (portal or peripheral) of infusion were applied. Excellent agreement for most studies was achieved while the need for including more sophisticated dynamics of glucose transport in the liver or into erythrocytes was identified. The model isolates glucose uptake in the periphery, the liver, the brain and the gut and allows a direct comparison of glucose disposal along various routes. Thus the total amount of glucose uptake by peripheral, insulin-dependent tissues is directly calculated to be 22-28% of an intravenous glucose load, regardless of its route of infusion. PMID- 7003342 TI - A sophisticated programmable miniaturised pump for insulin delivery. AB - We have conceived a truly pre-programmable infusion system usable for intravenous administration of insulin in diabetic subjects. The original system has been built into a small, commercially available, syringe-pump of which only the case and the mechanical parts have been kept. The computing until has a timer, a programmable memory of 512 words by 8 bits and a digital-to-frequency converter to run the motor which drives the syringe. The memory contains 8 profiles of insulin injections stored in digital form over 64 words. Each profile is selected by the patient before eating according to the carbohydrate content of the planned meal and last about two hours, starting from and returning to the basal rate of insulin, at which it remains until next profile selection. Amount, profiles and duration of insulin injection are either mean values deduced from previous studies with a closed-loop artificial pancreas or personally fitted values; they are stored in an instantly replaceable memory cell. This device allows the patient to choose the time, nature and amount of his food intake. PMID- 7003343 TI - Frederic J. Kottke, M.D. PMID- 7003344 TI - Missouri State Medical Association. Alphabetical roster of members. PMID- 7003345 TI - Dynamic compartmentation. PMID- 7003346 TI - ppGpp, a single molecule. PMID- 7003348 TI - Structural and dynamic aspects of recognition between tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 7003349 TI - Recognition of promoter sequences by RNA polymerases from different sources. PMID- 7003347 TI - Gramicidin S-synthetase: on the structure of polyenzyme template in polypeptide synthesis. PMID- 7003350 TI - On codon- anticodon interactions. PMID- 7003352 TI - Structure and evolution of ribosomes. AB - Ribosomes are multicomponent particles on which biosynthesis of proteins occurs in all organisms. The best-known ribosome, namely that of E. coli, consists of three RNA's and 53 different proteins. All proteins have been isolated and characterized by chemical, physical, and immunological methods. the primary sequences of 49 E. coli ribosomal proteins have so far been determined. Studies of the shape, as well as of the secondary and tertiary structure, of the proteins are in progress. Various techniques, 3.g., immune electron microscopy and cross linking of neighboring components in situ, give information about the architecture of the ribosomal particle. The first technique resulted in illustrative and detailed knowledge now only on the shape of the ribosomal subunits but also about the location of many proteins on the surface of the particles. The analysis of cross-links between ribosomal proteins and/or RNA's has in several cases been pursued to the level of elucidating which amino acids and/or nucleotides are cross-linked together in situ. Reconstitution of a fully active E. coli 50S ribosomal subunit from its isolated RNA and protein components can be accomplished by means of a two-step incubation procedure. From the analysis of the intermediates occurring during the reconstitution process it has been concluded that the in vitro reconstitution process resembles that in vivo assembly of 50S subunits in many respects. E. coli mutants with alterations in almost all ribosomal proteins have been isolated. Their biochemical and genetic analyses are very useful tools for obtaining information about the structure, function, and biosynthesis of ribosomes, as well as about the location of the genes for these proteins on the chromosome. From comparative electrophoretic, immunological, protein-chemical, and reconstitution studies on ribosomes from various species it has become clear that their is little homology between ribosomal proteins from prokaryotes and those from eukaryotes. This finding is surprising since there is no essential difference in the way in which pro-and eukaryotic ribosomes function in protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7003351 TI - Fluorescent tRNA derivatives and ribosome recognition. AB - The use of fluorescent derivatives of tRNAPhe (yeast) in studies on tRNA conformation and on tRNA-ribosome recognition is described. Evidence is presented which indicates that under physiological conditions with respect to ionic strength and Mg2+ concentration, tRNAPhe exists in at least two conformations. The functional significance of this behavior is discussed on the basis of aminoacylation experiments. The investigation of the ribosome complexes of tRNAPhe labeled in the anticodon and D-loops has provided evidence suggesting that the presence of the codon, although not appreciably altering the apparent association constant, leads to qualitatively different complexes in which the tRNA appears to be rigidly bound to the codon even in the P-tRNA to the ribosome occurs in several steps, which take place only in the presence of the proper codon. One or more of these steps may represent codon-induced conformational changes of the tRNA molecule, which constitute the molecular basis of the highly specific binding of the tRNA to the ribosome. PMID- 7003353 TI - Personal recollections on Fritz Lipmann during the early years of coenzyme A research. PMID- 7003354 TI - Autogenous and post-transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerase synthesis. AB - The regulation of gene expression was studied, for the Escherichia coli rpoBC operon, which includes the genes, rpoB and rpoC, for the beta and beta subunits of RNA polymerase, and rplJ and rplL, for the two proteins, L10 and L7/12, of the 50S ribosome. The gene organization agrees well with the accumulated observations indicating the coordinate synthesis of RNA polymerase and ribosomes under various growth conditions for wild-type E. coli cells. On the other hand, the differential regulation of the two essential components observed under restrictive growth conditions, after addition of various drugs or with certain mutants, in particular those carrying mutations in the RNA polymerase genes, was found to take place through two novel regulation systems: The transcriptional termination at an internal attenuation site and the two autogenous and posttranscriptional controls, being specific for the two ribosomal protein genes and the two RNA polymerase subunit genes, respectively. The majority of the transcription initiated from the promoter rpoP beta terminates at an attenuator site between the promoter-proximal rplJL and the promoter-distal rpoBC genes. The frequency of the attenuation seems to control the relative level of RNA polymerase synthesis to that of ribosomes. The expression of rpoBC genes is subject to an autogenous regulation, in which both RNA polymerase holoenzyme and alpha 2 beta complex function as regulatory molecules with repressor activity. The autogenous regulation was found to operate at post-transcriptional step(s), probably at the level of translation. During the study on the regulation of RNA polymerase synthesis, we noticed that the rpoBC operon contained another autogenous regulation circuit, in which the synthesis of L10 and L7/12 was specifically repressed by the L10-L7/12 complex. Molecular mechanisms and physiological meanings of the novel regulations are discussed. PMID- 7003358 TI - Selective removal of fast-dissociating antibodies from a high-affinity antiserum. PMID- 7003356 TI - [Gradual penetration of T7 phage DNA molecules into Escherichia coli cells during infection in the presence of chloramphenicol]. AB - The cell-attached T7 phage DNA has been analyzed when E. coli was infected in the presence of chloramphenicol or rifampicin followed by sonication to provide phage desorption. Sucrose gradient sedimentation of the cell T7-DNA followed by HpaI digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. The results obtained suggest a gradual entrance of the T7-DNA molecule into the host cell starting on its left end bearing early genes. These data support the conception that the T7 DNA entrance into host cell is directly coupled with its transcription by RNA polymerase. At the same time one more HpaI fragment was found even in the cells, infected with the phage in the process of rifampicin. It may be that this fragment corresponds to the right end of the T7 chromosome, thus suggesting that short fragment of the T7-DNA right end can also enter the host cell early in infection. PMID- 7003355 TI - [Reiterative poly(A) synthesis on oligonucleotide templates in an Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase system]. AB - The poly(A) synthesis in the E. coli RNA-polymerase system on the oligothymidilates, oligouridilates and oligonucleotides d(5'-OH-CCATCTTTT-3'-OH) and d(5'-HO-TCTTTT-3'-OH) as templates was studied. The reaction was shown to proceed more intensively on the oligothymidilates compared to oligouridilates. The insertion of phosphate residues into 3' end of oligouridilates deteriorates properties of their templates though the length of the synthesized poly(A) is not changed in this case. The synthesis of poly(A) on the nonanucleotide d(CCATCTTTT) proceeds intensively, but there is no AMP incorporation on the hexanucleotide of similar structure. The author's data combined with certain literature results suppose that the template activity of the oligonucleotides containing homopolymer sequences is determined in the RNA-polymerase system in reiterative regime by two factors: by the total amount of oligonucleotide links and by the homopolymer block size. The total amount of links seems to be important for the oligonucleotide enzyme bind stability and must comprise not less than 6 charges of the phosphate groups. The homopolymer block size must be no less than of 4 links. PMID- 7003357 TI - An enzyme immunoassay system for measurements of serum insulin. PMID- 7003360 TI - Reproductive immunology. A festschrift in honor of Dr. Saul B. Gusberg. PMID- 7003359 TI - Cross reaction of bacteriophage: cleavage of Klebsiella K31 capsular polysaccharide by E. coli capsule bacteriophage 29 endoglycosidase. PMID- 7003361 TI - Introduction to immunology. PMID- 7003363 TI - Gynecologic aspects of malignancies following immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 7003362 TI - Common denominators of pregnancy and malignancy. PMID- 7003364 TI - Killing of Escherichia coli K-12 by near-ultraviolet radiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: role of double-strand DNA breaks in absence of recombinational repair. AB - Near-ultraviolet (NUV) radiation killing of Escherichia coli K-12 can be enhanced by a sub-lethal concentration of hydrogen peroxide. This can be divided into a "RecA-dependent" and "RecA-independent" synergistic killing action. Stationary phase wild-type and 8 closely related repair-deficient mutants were examined for their NUV sensitivities in the presence and absence of H2O2. All exhibited the "RecA-independent" synergism; i.e., H2O2 enhanced NUV lethality when RecA repair was not operating. The "RecA-independent" synergism did not result from destruction of repair enzymes. Very few DNA--protein crosslinks could be detected following NUV plus H2O2 treatment. However, double-strand (DS) DNA breaks were produced, apparently by conversion of closely spaced single-strand (SS) breaks on opposite strands. The correlation between DS-break formation and lethality in wild-type and a polA mutant indicates that the RecA-independent synergistic killing results from the conversion of SS into lethal DS breaks. PMID- 7003365 TI - Substrates and inhibitors of hepatic amine oxidase inhibit dimethylnitrosamine induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mutagenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, in the presence of a rat-liver homogenate derived from animals treated with Aroclor 1254, was inhibited by substrates and inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Substrates of diamine oxidase did not inhibit dimethylnitrosamine mutagenesis and, furthermore, monoamine oxidase inhibitors had no effect on mutagenesis by benzo[a]pyrene or aflatoxin B1. The results suggest that monoamine oxidase participates in the activation of dimethylnitrosamine to a mutagen. PMID- 7003366 TI - Enhancement of the mutagenicities of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and N methyl-N-nitrosourea by glucose. AB - The mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to Salmonella typhimurium hisG46 was enhanced by pre-incubating the chemical with bacteria in sodium phosphate buffer. Addition of glucose (to 15 mM) to the pre-incubation mixture further enhanced the mutagenicity. Pre-incubation with glucose also increased the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Fructose, galactose, pyruvate and succinate also enhanced the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. The effect of glucose was observed with S. typhimurium strains hisG46, TA1975, TA1950, TA1535 and TA100. PMID- 7003367 TI - Bioactivation of dimethylnitrosamine in intrasanguinous host-mediated assay and its association with in vitro mutagenesis assays. AB - These studies have revealed the usefulness of in vivo intrasanguine host-mediated assay (HMA) to detect point mutations. Mutations were found to occur at a significant rate in Salmonella typhimurium G-46 employed as indicator organisms recovered from liver, lung, kidney and spleen of DMN-treated animals compared to negative control animals. These differences were true for both male and female animals. The number of Salmonella typhimurium G-46 recovered from the testes was not large enough to make a valid judgment about mutations occurring in testes. The results from in vitro studies do not match with the in vivo host-mediated assay results for mutants occurring in spleen from the male and the female mice. The results also do not correlate for in vitro and in vivo studies involving female kidneys. These results suggest there may be no one-to-one correlation between the organ bioactivation in vitro and in vivo, and predictions of in vivo target organ cannot always be made from in vitro studies with isolated microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7003368 TI - Differential antimutagenic effects of caffeine and the protease inhibitor antipain on mutagenesis by various mutagens in Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of caffeine (2 mg/ml) and the protease inhibitor antipain (1.75 mg/ml) in the plating agar medium on the yields of prototrophic revertants induced by 10 mutagens in E. coli uvrA- strains were tested. Mutagenesis by 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide was greatly diminished by both caffeine and antipain. UV mutagenesis was decreased moderately by caffeine, and greatly by antipain. X-Ray mutagenesis was decreased very slightly by both caffeine and antipain. Mutagenesis by N-hydroxyurethan was inhibited moderately by caffeine, and greatly by antipain; that by methyl methanesulfonate was inhibited moderately by both caffeine and antipain, and that by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was not suppressed by caffeine but was inhibited moderately by antipain. Mutagenesis by ethyl methanesulfonate was inhibited greatly by caffeine, but only slightly by antipain. The antimutagenic effect of caffeine was strong on furylfuramide (AF-2) mutagenesis, moderate on that of mitomycin C (tested with B2r type strain) and negligible on that of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. These diverse antimutagenesis patterns are briefly discussed in relation to the current idea that antipain antimutagenesis is due to inhibition of inducible error-prone repair. PMID- 7003369 TI - The effect of chemicals on induction of recombination in an F' histidine merozygote of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7003370 TI - The mutagenicity of some novel phenyl-imidazopyridines. AB - The mutagenicity of some novel 2-phenyl-imidazopyridines was investigated by the Ames test. Those with nitro substituents, and 2 related nitrophenylpurines, were frame shift mutagens without liver activation. Similar compounds without nitro groups had no activity. The mutagenic compounds were more active against TA1538 than against TA98, and were also active against TA100, a base-pair substitution mutant. This unusual pattern of activity is similar to that of 2-nitrosofluorene and related compounds. Calculations of molecular size showed a relationship between the 2 groups of compounds, suggesting similar modes of action. The more potent mutagens were toxic at high concentrations. Many of the non-mutagenic compounds were toxic, depending upon their substituents. In general, the imidazol[4,5-c]pyridines were more biologically active than the imidazo [4,5 b]pyridines. PMID- 7003372 TI - The mutagenic effect of the new insecticide and acaricide pyridathion. AB - The potential mutagenic effect of the new organophosphate insecticide and acaricide, pyridathion, was tested on Escherichia coli, strains WP2, WP2 uvrA, and on Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA100 and TA98, both with and without metabolic activation. The compound was tested at 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. The analysis of chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow was performed after a single peroral application of pyridathion at doses of 0.6, 1.11, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 mg . kg-1 b.w., i.p. application at 6.0 mg . kg-1 b.w., and repeated application (5 times) p.o. at 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg . kg-1 b.w. Analysis of rat bone marrow was performed after a 3-month peroral application of pyridathion at 0.07, 0.175 and 0.35 mg . kg-1 b.w. An analysis of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro was performed 24 h after the application of pyridathion into the culture in concentrations of 9.2 X 10(-3), 9.2 X 10(-4) and 9.2 X 10(-5) moles. The insecticide did not exert any mutagenic effect on the bacteria. There was no significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow of mice of rats, or in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro, compared with controls. PMID- 7003371 TI - Inactivation of mutagens from pyrolysates of tryptophan and glutamic acid by nitrite in acidic solution. AB - The mutagenic aromatic amines Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2 and Glu-P-1, isolated frm pyrolysates of tryptophan and glutamic acid, at the concentration of 0.025 mM were treated with 0.05 mM nitrite at various pH values at 37 degrees C. The resulting reaction mixtures were tested for mutagenicity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. When treated with nitrite at this physiologically realistic concentration, these mutagenic aromatic amines were readily converted to extremely weak or non-mutagenic deaminated compounds. These deaminated products were identified as the corresponding hydroxy compounds by mass and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Comparative kinetic studies were made on the disappearance of the mutagenic aromatic amines. The half-life (t1/2 of Glu P-1 on treatment with nitrite at pH 1.6 was less than 5 min, and those of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 were 95 and 105 min, resp. PMID- 7003373 TI - Structure--activity relationships within a series of 2,4-diaminoalkoxybenzene compounds. AB - Six 2,4-diaminoalkoxybenzenes were examined for their ability to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. Each compound was tested at 8 concentrations in 5 strains. The mutagenicity was influenced by the size of the alkoxy group substituted at the C1 position of 2,4-diaminobenzene. When S9 induced by Aroclor 1254 was present, 2,4-diaminoanisole (the methoxy derivative) exhibited the highest mutagenic activity. The compounds 2,4-diaminoethoxybenzene, 2,4 diaminoisopropoxybenzene and and 2,4-diamino-n-propoxybenzene were also mutagenic, but were distinctly less active than 2,4-diaminoanisole. With the compounds 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol and 2,4-diamino-n-butoxybenzene, the increases in numbers of revertant colonies above control levels were slight or absent. The mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminoalkoxybenzenes was detected in strains TA98, TA1538 and in some cases TA1537. None of the compounds was active in strain TA1535. The relative response of the various strains suggests that 2,4 diaminoalkoxybenzenes induce frameshift mutations but not base-pair substitutions. None of the compounds was active without metabolic activation. In addition to conducting the standard plate test, we tested the urine of rats exposed to 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol and 2,4-diaminoanisole for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. The rats were exposed by topical application, oral administration or intraperitoneal injection. The results were positive for 2,4 diaminoanisole and negative for 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol. PMID- 7003375 TI - Differential mutagenicities of 6 N-nitroso-N-alkylurea derivatives in Escherichia coli strains with different DNA-repair capacities. AB - Reverse mutations to prototrophy by, and killing effects of, 6 N-nitroso-N alkylurea derivatives such as NMU, NEU, NPU, NBU, NIBU and NAU were studied with E. coli strains H/r30R (wild-type), Hs30R (uvrA-), O16 (polA-) and NG30 (recA-). Both strains polA- and recA- were far more sensitive to killing by the 6 compounds than were the wild-type and uvrA- strains, and there was no difference in the sensitivity between the latter 2 strains. NMU was mutagenic in all 4 strains; wild-type, uvrA- and polA- strains were almost equally mutable but the compound was slightly mutagenic in the recA- strain. The other 5 compounds, NEU, NPU, NBU, NIBU and NAU, caused hardly any mutation in the recA- strain. NEU, NPU and NBU were equally mutagenic in the wild-type, uvrA- and polA- strains; however, NIBU and NAU were more mutagenic in the uvrA- than in the wild type or polA-. From the differential mutagenicities and lethalities induced by the 6 N nitroso-N-alkylureas into the 4 tester strains, mutational patterns of the compounds can be classified into 3 types. PMID- 7003376 TI - Enhancement of sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells by nitrofurans. AB - The nitrofurans, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), N-[4-(5 nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (NFTA), 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT), 2-methyl-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (MNFT), 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2 furyl)acrylamide (AF-2), nitrofurantoin, 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene diacetate and 5 nitro-2-furamidoxime were assayed for the enhancement of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and for the mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. All of the nitrofurans significantly increased the frequency of SCE in CHO cells, and they were mutagenic for Salmonella. The increases in the frequencies of SCE were well correlated with the mutagenic activities in Salmonella. PMID- 7003377 TI - Production of mutagenic substances by chlorination of waters. PMID- 7003374 TI - Mutagenicity of urine from rats after administration of 2,4-diaminoanisole: the effect of microsomal enzyme inducers. AB - Ring 14C-labelled 2,4-diaminoanisole disulfate was administered to rats pretreated with the microsomal inducers phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The 24-h urine from rats pretreated with PB showed a 2-fold increase in revertant rate over the corresponding control as measured by the Ames Salmonella test system. Pretreatment of rats with BNF, MC or TCDD decreased the mutagenicity of urine by about 70% when an activating system was used. However, in the absence of an activating system, the urine from rats induced with BNF, MC or TCDD showed a significant (P < 0.001) degree of mutagenicity compared with urine from controls or urine from phenobarbital-induced rats. Release of conjugates by beta glucuronidase increased the mutagenicity of urine even in the absence of an activating system, but the number of revertants was almost doubled in the presence of an activating system. The urine from rats treated only with the 4 inducers did not show any mutagenicity. 2,4-Diaminoanisole itself was mutagenic only in the presence of an activating system. alpha-Naphthoflavone (ANF) (0.1 mM) inhibited by 85--90% the in vitro mutagenicity of urine, mediated by Aroclor 1254, MC or TCDD induced rat-liver microsomes. The mutagenicity mediated through PB-induced rat-liver microsomes was, however, inhibited only by 16%. Similarly, 0.1 mM metyrapone (MP) inhibited the mutagenicity of urine by Aroclor 1254, MC or TCDD induced rat-liver microsomes by 13--18%. For the same MP concentration a 50% inhibition of the mutagenicity mediated through PB-induced rat-liver microsomes was observed. The mutagenicity pattern for urine in vitro was shown to be similar with liver S9 from rats induced either with Aroclor 1254 or with MC. PMID- 7003378 TI - Mutagenicity of D- and L-azaserine, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and N-(N-methyl-N nitroso-carbamyl)-L-ornithine in the Salmonella test system. PMID- 7003379 TI - On the chromatin structure of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The chromatin structure of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated. It was found that, as in other eukaryotes, the chromatin is organized in repeating units, the nucleosomes containing about 200 base pairs of DNA associated with histones. While there is no difference in the DNA size in nucleosomes from T. cruzi and from rat liver nuclei, the histone population of T. cruzi differs in various aspects. Of particular interest is the presence of two basic proteins, possibly histone H1 subcomponents, with very high electrophoretic mobilities. PMID- 7003380 TI - Pyrazolopyrimidine metabolism in African trypanosomes: metabolic similarities to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. AB - Growth inhibition and radioisotope incorporation studies with allopurinol (4 hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine) have shown that the African trypanosomes are biologically and biochemically similar to Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi with respect to their response to this compound. These organisms, as a group, share the unique ability to convert allopurinol sequentially to its ribonucleoside monophosphate and 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine ribonucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates. PMID- 7003381 TI - Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei variant specific antigen mRNA by immunoprecipitation of polysomes. AB - The mRNA encoding the variant specific antigen of Trypanosoma brucei has been prepared by immunoprecipitation of polysomes. Polysomes carrying the variant specific antigen account for approx. 3% of the total polysomes. The mRNA thus produced is active in the mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro protein synthesis system and directs the synthesis of a polypeptide of 60 000 daltons which co-migrates both with 125I-labelled purified variant specific antigen and with antigen immunoprecipitated from reticulocyte lysate charged with total polyadenylated mRNA from the same clone. The mRNA is being used both to prepare cDNA clones and to prepare high specific radioactivity cDNA to be used to screen a gene bank for clones containing variant specific antigen coding sequences. PMID- 7003382 TI - Changes in lysosomal enzymes of peritoneal exudate cells in albino rats and Mastomys natalensis during Plasmodium berghei infection. AB - Activities of certain lysosomal enzymes of peritoneal exudate cells were followed during Plasmodium berghei infection in two experimental hosts. In albino rats, where sterile immunity against the infection develops, levels of beta-D glucuroniodase and acid phosphatase activities were increased several times the normal values. On the other hand, in Mastomys natalensis, which succumbs to infection, levels of both the enzymes decreased considerably. Cathepsin D activity did not change to a significant extent in either host. PMID- 7003383 TI - The value of maintenance theophylline in steroid-dependent asthma. AB - We examined the value of maintenance theophylline at serum concentrations of 10 to 20 micrograms per milliliter in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of 33 children with steroid-dependent chronic asthma. Patients were free of all symptoms 63 +/- 6 per cent of the days (mean +/- S.E.M.) when taking theophylline as compared with 42 +/- 6 per cent when taking placebo (P < 0.01). Inhaled metaproterenol was required twice as often with placebo (P < 0.01), and additional daily corticosteroids were needed more than three times as often with placebo (P = 0.02). Daily peak flow measurements improved with theophylline (P < 0.01) as did monthly spirometric measurements and residual volume measured by plethysmography. Theophylline was associated with a 50 per cent increase in the number of patients able to complete an exercise test (P = 0.01) and with a smaller decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second among patients completing the exercise (P < 0.02). We conclude that maintenance bronchodilator therapy with theophylline can provide clinically important benefit for patients with chronic steroid-dependent asthma. PMID- 7003385 TI - Drug therapy: spasticity (second of two parts). PMID- 7003384 TI - Inhibition of prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane A2 after low-dose aspirin. AB - To compare the inhibitory effects of aspirin on prostaglandin synthesized by vessel walls and platelets, we obtained vein segments from five subjects before they were given 150 or 300 mg of aspirin and at various intervals afterward. We then measured prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis with a radioimmunoassay for its stable metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Platelet production of thromboxane A2 was measured with a radioimmunoassay for its stable metabolite, thromboxane B2. Two hours after aspirin had been given, 81 to 100 per cent inhibition of PGI2 synthesis was demonstrated; 86 per cent inhibition was still evident in one subject tested eight hours after administration. Simultaneously, platelet production of thromboxane B2 was completely inhibited for more than 24 hours. We conclude that there is little difference between the initial inhibitory response of platelet cyclooxygenase and that of vessel-wall cyclooxygenase to these doses of aspirin. Our results also indicate that in male subjects the prolonged template bleeding time after aspirin is not the consequence of selective inhibition of platelet production of thromboxane. PMID- 7003387 TI - Eosinophil function. PMID- 7003386 TI - Decreased myocardial taurine levels and hypertaurinuria in a kindred with mitral valve prolapse and congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - In a 46-member kindred with consanguineous ancestry, eight progeny in two generations had congestive cardiomyopathy and markedly elevated urinary taurine levels (range, 411 to 536 mg per gram of creatinine [normal +/- S.D., 89 +/- 32]). Ten other family members had late or holosystolic mitral-valve prolapse, and elevated urinary taurine values (range, 215 to 265 mg). In two with mitral valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy eventually developed while the amounts of urinary taurine doubled. One member with mitral-valve prolapse died suddenly; histologic examination revealed myocardial fibrosis in the papillary muscles and myocardial taurine values of 16.9 +/- 3.0 mumol per gram of protein (normal +/- S.E., 33.2 +/- 3.6). Four other family members with congestive cardiomyopathy had myocardial fibrosis at autopsy or biopsy and mean myocardial taurine levels of 9.2 +/- 2.2 mumol. We conclude that hypertaurinuria and depressed levels of taurine in the myocardium may be associated with one type of mitral-valve prolapse syndrome and a rapidly progressive form of congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7003389 TI - Precautions in the use of CEA test. PMID- 7003390 TI - London milk defended. PMID- 7003388 TI - Immunoadsorption for removal of A and B blood-group antibodies. PMID- 7003391 TI - Normalization of low-density-lipoprotein levels in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with a combined drug regimen. AB - We studied the effect of th bite acid sequestrant colestipol, alone and in combination with clofibrate or niacin, in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia who were given a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat. With colestipol alone, mean cholesterol levels in serum decreased 16 to 25 per cent. The addition of clofibrate produced a total mean decrement of only 28 per cent. In contrast, serum cholesterol levels fell 45 per cent when colestipol as combined with niacin. Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased 55 per cent with colestipol and niacin, whereas high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased. Mean LDL cholesterol was lower in patients given this regimen than in matched normal controls eating an unrestricted diet. Tendinous xanthomas, measured by quantitative xeroradiography, were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), indicating that this regimen mobilized cholesterol from tissue pools with slow turnover. Colestipol plus niacin promises to be useful in the treatment of patients at high risk from elevated levels of LDL. PMID- 7003393 TI - Asialo GM1, as a cell-surface marker in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7003392 TI - Calcitonin: physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 7003394 TI - Sounding board: Medicare coverage in nursing homes--a broken promise. PMID- 7003395 TI - The man behind the eponym: Sir Dominic John Corrigan (1802--1880). PMID- 7003396 TI - Is myosin in the cochlea a basis for active motility? AB - Recent evidence suggests that the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells contain actin filaments. The experiments reported here demonstrate the presence of myosin, suggesting that the mechanical properties of the hair cells may be actively modifiable by actin-myosin interactions as in muscle cells. PMID- 7003398 TI - Prostaglandin modulation of development of cell-mediated immunity in culture. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated as possible modulators of the immune response and various inflammatory processes. Various cell components of the immune system are sources of PGs, and mitogen or antigen stimulation of human or murine lymphocytes leads to their enhanced release. They are also released from various human and animal tumours. Thus, as cells of the immune system are both sensitive to and sources of PGs, these factors may be important as physiological immune regulators. For example, PGs of the E series are capable of inhibiting many effector functions. They have also been shown to inhibit the development of the humoral response. Although they inhibit the proliferative response to mitogens, little is known about their effects on the development of the cell mediated immune response to antigens. The data summarized here implicate PGs, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in the regulation of cellular immune responses at the inductive phase. Some of these data have been reported in abstract form. PMID- 7003397 TI - Amino acid sequence homology between cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat labile toxin. AB - Cholera toxin (CT) and the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) are functionally, structurally and immunologically similar enterotoxins. Both toxins cause the elevation of cyclic AMP levels in gut epithelial cells by catalysing the NAD-dependent ADP ribosylation of membrane proteins. Each toxin is composed of two dissimilar subunits. The A subunit has an enzymatic activity and is the adenylate cyclase-activating component of the enterotoxin. The B subunit recognizes membrane components and binds the holotoxin to the target call juxtaposing the A subunit with its substrates. Binding studies and competition experiments indicate that the membrane receptors for cholera toxin B subunit (CT B) and LT-B are similar but not identical (these studies were performed before by LT was purified to homogeneity). The monosialosylganglioside GMI has been shown to be the receptor for the cholera toxin, and it probably composes part of the receptor for LT. Gyles and Barnum, first reported that LT and cholera toxin were immunologically related, and it has subsequently been shown that they share common antigenic determinants in both A and B subunits. The primary structure of CT-B has been determined. We report here a comparison between the amino acid sequences of LT-B and CT-B. The nucleotide sequence of the LT-B cistron (eltB) was determined using a recombinant plasmid encoding LT. Translation of this sequence revealed that LT-B and CT-B show significant amino acid sequence homology. In addition, several features of the eltB cistron were revealed by the sequence analysis. PMID- 7003399 TI - Platelet-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2), an unstable metabolite of arachidonic acid synthesized by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, is a potent vasodilator and endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Regulation of PGI synthesis by the vessel wall is not well understood. We have investigated the possibility that a product released from platelet granules during degranulation might modify vessel wall PGI2 biosynthesis. We report here that a non-dialysable, platelet-dependent factor in serum dramatically stimulates PGI2 synthesis by cultured bovine aortic endothelium aortic smooth muscle, and adrenal capillary endothelium. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), a releasable peptide contained within platelet alpha granules, stimulates PGI2 synthesis by the above cell types as much as 100 fold. The concentrations of PDGF required to produce these effects are below the level reported in normal human serum. We postulate that in vivo released PDGF may increase vessel wall PGI2 production as part of a negative feedback mechanism controlling platelet aggregation. PMID- 7003400 TI - [Paleoimmunology]. PMID- 7003401 TI - [Transient diabetes mellitus syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 7003403 TI - [The treatment of diabetes mellitus using continuous subcutaneous infusion]. PMID- 7003404 TI - [Current possibilities for diabetes treatment]. PMID- 7003402 TI - [The transplantation coordinator: an answer to the shortage of cadaver donor kidneys?]. PMID- 7003405 TI - [Cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7003407 TI - [Jan Swammerdam's contribution to medical science]. PMID- 7003406 TI - [The Nobel Prize winners in medicine 1980]. PMID- 7003408 TI - [Preparation by the dentist of enamel to the conditioned]. PMID- 7003409 TI - [Appearance of external root resorption in endodontically treated teeth. A questionnaire]. PMID- 7003410 TI - [Secondary treatment of the cleft palate]. PMID- 7003411 TI - [An overview of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 7003412 TI - [Forensic odontology]. PMID- 7003414 TI - [Preprosthetic surgery. I. Augmentation of the atrophic mandible using autogenous bone transplants]. PMID- 7003413 TI - [An overview of trigeminal neuralgia. II]. PMID- 7003415 TI - [Chronic apical periodontitis]. PMID- 7003416 TI - [Morphology and pathogenesis of spinal circulatory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003418 TI - Dietary modifications following kidney transplantation. PMID- 7003417 TI - [Specific measures in drug therapy in stroke. Anticoagulants, inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation, initial barbiturate therapy]. PMID- 7003420 TI - Nutritionally evaluating the pretransplant renal patient. PMID- 7003419 TI - Nursing management of a patient with a lymphocele following renal transplant. PMID- 7003422 TI - Teaching parents of pediatric renal transplant patients. PMID- 7003421 TI - Cost comparison of in-center dialysis, home dialysis, and transplantation in the Nashville area. PMID- 7003425 TI - Circadian and cyclic LHRH variations in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis of female and male rats. AB - The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) was investigated by immunofluorescence and quantitative electron microscopic methods, and its LHRH content was measured at intervals during the estrous cycle and in male rats. A well-defined circadian rhythm in the LHRH content was demonstrated in the OVLT. The highest value was observed on the day of proestrus with peaks at noon and in the late afternoon. The amount of LHRH was about the same in the male as in the female rats on the day of diestrus 1. The OVLT in both sexes contained LHRH positive fibers and terminals, but less immunofluorescence was visible on the day of diestrus and in the male animals. Quantitative electron microscopic analysis shows that in the OVLT nerve terminals, abutting on the basement membrane, more granulated vesicles (80-90 nm in diameter) are present on the day of proestrus than on any other day of the cycle or in the male. Our results suggest that the OVLT may participate in some way in the control of the cyclic gonadotrophic function of the anterior pituitary and/or in the behavioral effect of sexual hormones. PMID- 7003423 TI - The late effects of central nervous system irradiation in the monkey. PMID- 7003424 TI - Components of the renin-angiotensin system in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and dogs with special consideration of the origin and the fate of angiotensin II. AB - From the in vitro and in vivo measurements of the components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats and dogs, it was concluded that angiotension II (ANG II) is not generated within the CSF in significant amounts, since renin was found to be unmeasurable in CSF under most circumstances. The specific concentrations of angiotensinogen and of converting enzyme (CE) were high. Angiotensin I (ANG I) concentrations were low in CSF, while ANG II levels were comparable to those measured in plasma under control conditions. Neither ANG I nor ANG II penetrated from the blood into the brain ventricles of rats, provided that no unrealistically high doses of ANG II were administered intravenously. This holds true even if high blood pressure increases were induced by intravenous ANG II infusion in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt-treated rats. However, increased ANG II concentrations were measured in CSF perfusate, when the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was opened by the intracarotid injection of a hyperosmolar urea solution. The brain ventricular perfusion of increasing concentrations of ANG II revealed constant recovery of less than 40%. CSF did not contain angiotensinase activity, but ANG II degradation was high in some periventricular regions. ANG II, the ANG II antagonist saralasin, and the CE inhibitor captopril, respectively, escaped from CSF into circulation when high doses of these substances were applied intraventricularly. We conclude that ANG II in the CSF does not originate from and is not related to plasma ANG II. It is probably not generated within the CSF. ANG II may be synthetized in the brain tissue and be released into the brain ventricles where its rapid degradation occurs in contact with circumventricular structures. PMID- 7003427 TI - Cardiotoxicity of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7003426 TI - Trazodone efficacy and safety in endogenous depression: a double blind comparison with imipramine. PMID- 7003428 TI - An evaluation of trazodone in the treatment of depression. PMID- 7003429 TI - Comparative effects of phenelzine and amitriptyline: a placebo controlled trial. PMID- 7003430 TI - [French Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]. PMID- 7003432 TI - Suggested pathological basis of "redundant nerve root syndrome" of the cauda equina. AB - A clinical entity described as "redundant nerve root syndrome" of the cauda equina is reviewed. Eighteen reported cases with typical gross features are analyzed. Considerable speculation has existed regarding the pathogenesis of this syndrome, chiefly because the involved nerve root was not biopsied in the majority of instances. In one reported case, when the redundant root was examined histologically, a plexiform neurofibroma was found to be the cause of the thickening and redundancy of the nerve. In the case presented here, the enlarged nerve roots were part of a malignant plexiform neurofibroma with a short clinical course, and the tumor led to the death of the patient. It is suggested that biopsy of the involved nerve root is crucial in establishing the definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7003431 TI - Percutaneous third ventriculostomy in the management of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. PMID- 7003433 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Turkey. PMID- 7003435 TI - Werner's syndrome associated with meningioma. PMID- 7003436 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Denmark. PMID- 7003434 TI - Prospective randomized study of therapy in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection. AB - Thirty patients who met the rigid criteria for a prospective randomized study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections underwent therapy with the three currently advocated treatment modalities to determine the efficacy of each form of therapy. Ten patients (Group A) underwent shunt removal and, in addition to receiving systemic antibiotics, were treated by either external ventricular drainage or intermittent ventricular taps for decompression and antibiotic administration; 10 patients (Group B) were treated by removal and immediate replacement of the shunt and intrashunt antibiotic therapy; and 10 patients (Group C) received antibiotics without removal or replacement of the shunt. All patients were given intravenous and intraventricular antibiotics as follows: in Group A, antibiotics were given by both the intravenous and the intraventricular routes for a minimal period of 7 days; in Group B, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimal period of 3 weeks and twice daily intraventricular antibiotics were given for a minimal period of 2 weeks; in Group C, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimal period of 3 weeks and twice daily intraventricular antibiotics were given for a minimal period of 2 weeks. In all patients, CSF was obtained from the shunt and cultured 48 hours after the cessation of antibiotic therapy, and the cultures were repeated within 4 months of the completion of treatment. All patients in Group A and 9 of 10 patients in Group B were treated successfully. They were clinically asymptomatic, and cultures after treatment were sterile. However, only 3 patients in Group C responded to treatment. The remaining patients of Group C had persistent infections requiring additional therapy. The mean follow-up of the study group was 23 +/- 14 (SD) months. The mean hospitalization time for the study group was 33 +/- 21 days; the hospitalization time was 24.7 +/- 17 days for Group A alone, 32.7 +/- 8 days for Group B, and 47 +/- 37 days Group C. PMID- 7003437 TI - [Photographic models in the study and valuation of the silver reactions in histology. II. Optical density variation in enlarging exposure scale under the action of the ammonium sulphide on silver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003438 TI - [Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in yeasts. III. Structural investigations on cellular ADH-crystals in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by means of electronmicroscopy and small angle x-ray scattering (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003440 TI - Baccalaureate and master's degree programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1980 1981. PMID- 7003439 TI - Enkephalin degradation stimulated by captopril. AB - Changes in the rates of degradation of Met- and Leu-enkephalin by brain aminopeptidase were measured by UV absorption after high-pressure liquid chromatography. The cleavage of enkephalin paralleled the generation of tyrosine. Captopril (SQ 14,225) stimulated enzyme activity, to a greater extent with Met- than with Leu-enkephalin. Pro-His-Pro-NH2, histidine, and histamine stimulated enkephalin aminopeptidase approximately twice as much as captopril. The sulfhydryl group of captopril was not the only factor in its effect. The addition of captopril did not change the pH optimum, and it stimulated enkephalin degradation between 25 and 50 degrees C. PMID- 7003441 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin responses to orally administered carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs. AB - Healthy individuals were given different carbohydrate-rich test meals (each with an energy content of 300 kcal) after a standardization period. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during the tests. When compared with an ordinary oral glucose load, potato had a post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin response not statistically different from the glucose load, the bread group had a weaker and slower response than the potato group, and rice had a response between the two other groups. Gastric emptying, the availability of the starch for digestion and differences in the carbohydrate content are discussed as possible explanations for these differences. PMID- 7003442 TI - Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in uremia. Influence of treatment with protein reduced diet and essential amino acids. AB - The effects of low protein diet on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in uremia were investigated in 22 patients treated during a period of 3--18 months (mean 9.5 months). Before treatment, the patients showed elevated serum triglycerides, low alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced glucose elimination rate. There were no major changes in mean serum lipid or carbohydrate metabolism variables during treatment. The arachidonic acid content of lecithin decreased while linoleic acid increased during treatment. While the dietary treatment was effective in ameliorating uremic symptoms, it did evidently not influence the deranged lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7003443 TI - Relieving pain with noninvasive techniques. PMID- 7003444 TI - Medication errors: telephone order transcriptions. PMID- 7003445 TI - What to tell your diabetic patient about the "new" insulins. PMID- 7003446 TI - Relaxation using yoga. PMID- 7003447 TI - New Zealand Dental Journal. Seventy-fifth jubilee issue. PMID- 7003448 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections with a single dose of co trimoxazole. AB - Sixty-four women with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either an 0.96 g, 1.92 g or 2.88 g single oral dose of co-trimoxazole or a conventional five-day course of co-trimoxazole. The success of each group was comparable although it is suggested that a single dose should be at least 1.92 g (four tablets Septrin or Bactrim). This study confirmed previous work that single dose therapy was effective and well tolerated, preferred by the patients and side effects were minimal. This approach to treatment should be strongly encouraged. PMID- 7003449 TI - A comparison of flurbiprofen with naproxen in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - In a four week double-blind crossover study, flurbiprofen 200mg daily was compared with naproxen 750mg daily in the management of 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Both treatments were found to be very effective in alleviating pain and stiffness. No significant difference in efficacy was discernible between the two drugs. Side-effects were more frequent with flurbiprofen. A small, but significant, increase in renal excretion of beta-n acetyl glucosaminidase occurred during treatment with both naproxen and flurbiprofen. Although previous surveys have not shown evidence of renal damage, further surveillance of renal function in patients receiving long term treatment with these preparations to exclude possible renal impairment would be prudent. PMID- 7003451 TI - Encounters of the third kind: an overview. PMID- 7003450 TI - A possible mechanism for "tachyphylaxis' to prazosin in heart failure. PMID- 7003452 TI - Significance of in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds. AB - Formation of N-nitroso compounds from amines and nitrite has been demonstrated in chemical systems and in the stomach of animals in vivo. The amines differ in the extent to which they give rise to N-nitroso compounds. Many amines are common in the environment. Other amines are ingested as drugs, food additives or as trace contaminants of food with agricultural chemicals. At least 20 such amines have been given chronically to rats together with sodium nitrite and the incidence of tumors compared with that in rats given the amine or nitrite alone. Until now 13 of these amines have given rise to a significant incidence of tumors under these conditions, indicating that ingestion of these amines when nitrite is present could provide a source of carcinogenic nitrosamines for man. some of the amines were more effective in this respect than others. These were aminopyrine, morpholine, disulfiram, methylbenzylamine and heptamethyleneimine. PMID- 7003453 TI - Dose-response studies and 'no-effect-levels' of N-nitroso compounds: some general aspects. AB - One major problem in the evaluation of potential carcinogenic food additives and contaminants is that of thresholds or, better, of 'no-adverse-effect-levels'. Arguments in favor of the postulated 'irreversibility' of carcinogenic effects are based on dose-response studies, single dose and multigeneration experiments as well as on the concept of somatic mutation as the first step in carcinogenesis with subsequent transmittance of induced defects during cell replication. The problem of extrapolation of results of animal experiments using high doses to low exposure and low incidences in man is not yet solved satisfactorily. Possible practical consequences include zero tolerance, acceptable thresholds at low risk and safety factors. Acceptable intakes should never be considered constants but should be changeable as soon as new facts in regard to the safety evaluation are available. PMID- 7003454 TI - Overview: N-nitroso compounds as carcinogens for experimental animals and man. AB - A number of papers relating N-nitroso compounds as carcinogens for experimental animals and man was reviewed. These summerized in (1) early works, (2) amines and sodium nitrite, (3) disease models, (4) species susceptible to nitrosamines, (5) target organs, (6) strain specificity, (7) individual specificity and (8) minimum carcinogenic dose. Through these literature references and the results of animal experiments in the author's own laboratory on various acylated N-nitroso compounds, the possibility that various preformed nitrosamines in the environment, as well as those which are formed in our body, can cause tumors of various organs in human body is highly suggested. PMID- 7003455 TI - Combination chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer with triazinate and ICRF 159 after failure of 5-Fluorouracil. AB - 13 patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer, having failed chemotherapy including fluorouracil, were treated on a weekly schedule with ICRF 159, 1.0 g/m2, and triazinate, 250 mg/m2. Only 1 patient had an objective partial remission, lasting 6 months. Toxicity was moderate, but acceptable. Since each of these drugs had been reported to have a 14-17% response rate in similar patient populations, the combination in the present schedule would appear to offer no benefit compared to the single agents, and cannot be recommended for further use in failure of 5-Fluorouracil therapy. PMID- 7003456 TI - Flow cytofluorometry, cytomorphology and histology in gastric carcinoma. AB - 68 cases of gastric carcinoma and 31 tissue samples adjoining the carcinomas were investigated by impulse cytophotometry, cytomorphology and histology, respectively. Differentiated adenocarcinoma tended to aneuploidy, while undifferentiated carcinoma often showed euploidy. The adjoining mucosa was characterized by polymorphism of the mucosa superficial epithelial cells and the histograms showed slight abnormalities. PMID- 7003457 TI - Prognosis of primarily treated localized laryngeal carcinoma ameliorated through levamisole treatment: a randomized pilot study. AB - A placebo-controlled treatment with the immunorestorative agent levamisole as an adjuvant to surgery and/or radiation was evaluated in a pilot study of 24 patients with squamous cell cancer of the larynx or hypopharynx. During the randomized treatment, started as close as possible to the beginning of the operation or to the irradiation sessions, 12 patients received a placebo and the 123 others levamisole in a dose of 50 mg t.i.d. for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The recurrence rate in the control group was 50% after about 20 months and in the levamisole group only 20% after 2 years which is a significant difference. Also regarding cancer deaths there was a trend to the advantage of levamisole. The most promising effects were seen in patients with stages III or IV. Some evidence was found that an early start might be decisive for an optimal effect of levamisole. The beneficial effect of levamisole was only seen in the group of patients with a low pretreatment level of circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 7003458 TI - Ligandin content of normal and carcinogen-treated rat tissues. AB - Ligandin was detected by immunofluorescence in tissue sections and determined by immunoquantitation in the cytosols of the liver, kidney and testes of normal and carcinogen-treated rats. Ligandin was not detected by either of these procedures in normal or carcinogen-treated rat lung, spleen, brain, and skeletal or cardiac muscle. PMID- 7003459 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition microtest for the detection of cell-mediated immunity to tumor in gastric cancer patients. AB - The reactivities of leukocytes from gastric cancer and noncancer patients to gastric tumor and normal tissue extracts were tested by the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) microtest, assessing cell-mediated immunoreactivity to adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The reactivities were expressed with the LAI index. All leukocyte preparations showed low reactivities, a LAI index of less than 20%, to normal tissue extracts and only the preparations of leukocytes from cancer patients displayed high reactivities, a LAI index of more than 20%, to tumor extracts. Assuming that a patient is sensitized to gastric tumor antigen if his leukocytes respond to at least one tumor extract with a LAI index of more than 20%, approximately half of the cancer tumor antigen. Thus, the LAI microtest appears to be a simple, rapid and specific method for demonstrating cell-mediated immunity to tumor. PMID- 7003460 TI - Effect of single carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine on antibody responses in the rat. AB - The immunodepressive effect of a single, carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine was tested in a potent model of renal cancer induction using two antigens which differ in their cellular processing. Responsiveness to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), an antigen requiring the collaboration of both thymus-dependent (T) and thymus-independent (B) lymphocytes was determined by a plaque-forming assay; antibody production to Brucella abortus antigen, a thymus-independent antigen was measured in an agglutination test. The results suggested that DMN exerted little or no effect on B lymphocytes in the anti-SRBC antibody response. This effect commenced immediately following the carcinogenic insult from 24 h, with a degree of depression for the first 10 days equivalent to antilymphocyte globulin in terms of numbers of anti-SRBC antibody-forming cells. From 2 weeks there was gradual recovery with full restoration of normal responsiveness at 8 weeks. During the ensuing period of emergence of neoplastic foci in the kidney, and with the progression of such foci to tumors of macroscopic dimensions, there was no accompanying depression of antibody response. The differential effect was discussed in terms of selectivity of action, and lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 7003461 TI - The Paterson Laboratories, Manchester, England. PMID- 7003466 TI - [Fractionation of rat spermatogonia cells in a nonlinear ficoll gradient]. PMID- 7003467 TI - [Dissertations on the biology of development. Candidate dissertations]. PMID- 7003463 TI - [Age-related changes in splenic lymphocyte migration in mice]. AB - Age changes of distribution of the labelled mouse lymphocytes in the organs of syngeneic recipients were followed. The changes were shown to concern both the circulating lymphocytes and their environment, the latter having suffered greater changes. On the contrary, changes in the lymphocytes played the leading role in this process in the autoimmune mice NZB. The disturbances described resulted in the decrease of tropism of the migrating lymphocytes to the lymphoid organs (homing) what might be one of the causes of decrease of immunological reactivity upon senescence. PMID- 7003465 TI - [Neural and glial cell aggregation of the chick embryo cerebellum in dissociated cultures]. AB - The processes of aggregation of the nerve and glial cells in the cultures obtained after the chick embryo cerebellum dissociation are considered. Different types of aggregation are noted. The formation of aggregates as rows (layers) consisting of Purkinje cells, small neurons and neuroglial cells is described. Such a type is considered as an example of directed aggregation. An analogy is drawn between the formation of cellular rows in the dissociated cultures and the histogenesis of cerebellum cortex in vivo. PMID- 7003462 TI - [Morphogenetic cellular interactions]. AB - Morphogenetic cell interactions are considered during different periods of embryogenesis. The evidence is given which established that the determination of cells of the early mammalian embryos appeared to be due to their position and relations with the other cells. Morphogenetic cell interactions are heterogenous by their biological importance: there are both directive and permissive interactions. The cells might be multipotent and choose one of many paths of development what requires directive interactions, or they might be already "canalized" in a certain type of differentiation and their development requires, mainly, permissive interactions. Possible mechanisms of transmission of the morphogenetic stimuli to the reacting cells are analyzed. PMID- 7003464 TI - [Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzymatic makeup changes in the liver of birds and mammals in ontogeny]. AB - It was established by means of immunochemical titration that phosphorylase of the chickliver, beginning from the 8th day of embryogenesis, was represented by an isozyme, immunochemically identical or closely related to mammalian phosphorylase L. At the early stage of development (4th day) the chick embryo contained both isozyme L (ca. 60%) and isozyme, closely related to mammalian isozyme I. In the liver of 15 days old rat embryos the ratio of isozymes I and L equaled 1 : 2. It is suggested that the ratio of L and IL is close to 1 : 1. The isozyme IL is replaced for the isozyme L completely during the second ten day period of postnatal development. PMID- 7003468 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy following penetrating keratoplasty (author's transl)]. AB - In 6 cases with poor prognosis who had undergone perforating keratoplasty, the local steroid therapy was combined, for an average duration of 15 months, with a systemic treatment of cyclophosphamide and procarbazine. During a postoperative following up duration between 19 and 32 months five grafts remained clear, however, in 1 case this therapy could not stop an allograft reaction. PMID- 7003469 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty following thermokeratoplasty. AB - We analyzed the long-term results of penetrating keratoplasty following thermokeratoplasty in 17 eyes, and these were compared with 44 eyes in which penetrating keratoplasty was the primary procedure. There was a greater incidence of graft rejection in the TKP group than in the non-TKP group although this difference was not statistically significant. A definite causative factor for this discrepancy could not be identified. Mild inflammatory reaction in TKP treated corneas and the generally poorer prognosis in corneas needing TKP may be the causative factors for the greater number of failed grafts in the TKP group. PMID- 7003471 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bonded orthodontic retainers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003470 TI - [Comparative study of seven direct bonding orthodontic cements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003472 TI - [Geza Illyes, as seen by his one-time student]. PMID- 7003473 TI - [Adolf Strumpell (1853--1925)]. PMID- 7003474 TI - [G. Flaubert (1821--1880) and the physicians]. PMID- 7003475 TI - [The incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) strains in parturients and their newborn infants. Clinical implications of infection]. PMID- 7003479 TI - The evaluation and management of neck masses of unknown etiology. AB - Most neck masses appearing in adults are malignant metastases. With proper evaluation the majority of primary malignant tumors can be located. The diagnosis is obtained by assembling sufficient data in the most efficient, productive, and logical way without compromising future treatment modalities. The best selection of therapeutic methods for cure or palliation is based on the histologic features of the primary malignant tumor or its metastases and their locations. At the present time the most effective treatment for cervical metastasis from an unknown primary is a combination of wide field high dose radiation therapy and surgical resection, the exact therapeutic modality being dependent on the histologic features of the metastatic mass and its location on the neck. PMID- 7003476 TI - [Tage Kemp, great Danish physician-geneticist, founder of the 1st genetic counseling service]. PMID- 7003477 TI - [Remembering Zoltan Dalmady]. PMID- 7003478 TI - Malignant tumors of the head and neck in children: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Malignant tumors of the head and neck in childhood can present a perplexing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The advent of advanced chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic techniques has both enhanced survival rates and changed the role of surgical intervention in many of the tumors in this age group. Recent studies employing an interdisciplinary approach have demonstrated that mutilating surgery for head and neck tumors can often be avoided. A prolonged disease free survival and a probable cure can be anticipated in 50 to 70 per cent of the patients. Higher survival rates have been achieved in some tumors, such as stage I Hodgkin's disease and localized rhabdomyosarcoma in some series. The surgeon plays a key role in delineating and diagnosing the initial disease. He must also be attentive to regular follow-up, inasmuch as many patients frequently die of local recurrence, which may go undetected in early stages if vigilance is not maintained. All members of the treatment team must exercise regular conscientious surveillance if these devastating problems are to be overcome. PMID- 7003480 TI - Chemotherapy of head and neck cancer. PMID- 7003481 TI - [Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Academy in Wroclaw in the years 1948-1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003482 TI - [Antrotomy in infants with otointestinal syndrome in the years 1967-1977 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003483 TI - [Nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) in patients with laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003484 TI - [Palatine tonsil reticulosarcoma with coexistent biological non-specific serological positive tests for syphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003485 TI - The metabolic evaluation in Meniere's disease. AB - Meniere's disease remains today a poorly understood and difficult-to-manage inner ear problem. Numerous articles have been written about the medical and surgical management of Meniere's disease. Previous authors have suggested that a metabolic abnormality may be a contributing etiologic factor in the disease. Since 1976, 384 patients with Meniere's disease were seen in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. In 180 of these patients, the results of a metabolic evaluation were reviewed, including the five hour glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, free thyroxine index, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS). The results of these tests suggest that thyroid abnormalities are rare in Meniere's disease. There may be a fairly high false-positive rate in using the FTA-ABS as a screening procedure. Carbohydrate abnormalities are found; however, hypoglycemia was not a major factor in this series of patients. A significant number of patients were found to have lipid abnormalities, and dietary management of these is believed helpful in the medical management of a patient with Meniere's disease. PMID- 7003486 TI - Surgical procedure for the mastoid cavity problem. AB - When the mastoid cavity infection is the result of breakdown of the skin lining, the cavity should be obliterated. Many types of material have been used, but postauricular tissue has been most effective. Instead of a pedicled flap, a free graft of tissue is recommended because it allows better placement of the graft deep into the cavity. It undergoes a more uniform contracture and does not tend to pull out of the depths of the cavity. The principle of obliteration is not only to obliterate the cavity but also to bring a layer of vascularized subcutaneous tissue between the skin lining and the bone. PMID- 7003487 TI - [Escherichia coli: possibilities of typing methods]. PMID- 7003488 TI - [Methods for the detection of E. coli enterotoxins--a laboratory film]. PMID- 7003489 TI - [Epidemiological significance of lysotyping of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7003490 TI - [Vaccination against enteric bacterial infections]. PMID- 7003492 TI - Immunologic observations in chronic active hepatitis: a disease of different etiologies. PMID- 7003493 TI - Interpretation of immunofluorescent patterns in renal diseases. PMID- 7003491 TI - Islets of Langerhans: structure and function in diabetes. PMID- 7003494 TI - Melanins and melanogenesis. PMID- 7003495 TI - Lipid pigments (chromolipids): their origin, nature, and significance. PMID- 7003496 TI - Hypertension: a critical survey. PMID- 7003497 TI - Regulation of aldosterone secretion in normotensive and hypertensive man. PMID- 7003499 TI - Cryoglobulins and pyroglobulins. PMID- 7003498 TI - Factors that regulate proliferation of normal and transformed cells in culture. PMID- 7003500 TI - Characterization of surface proteins and glycoproteins on red blood cells from mice infected with haemosporidia: Plasmodium berghei infections of BALB/c mice. AB - The surface proteins and glycoproteins of red cells from Plasmodium berghei infected blood have been radio-isotope labelled and compared with those of normal mouse erythrocytes using the following protein labelling probes: lactoperoxidase catalysed radio-iodination of tyrosyl residues, periodate oxidation and NaB3H4 reduction of sialic acid and oxidation of galactosyl/N-acetylgalactosaminyl residues by galactose oxidase with subsequent NaB3H4 reduction. During P. berghei infection, new tyrosyl-labelled proteins with apparent molecular weights (Mr) of 60 000, 54 000, 40 000 and 27 500 appeared on the surface of most, if not all, red cells in the blood. Purified multinucleate cells (mostly reticulocytes) differed only in that they also had a surface protein with Mr of 83 000. However, this molecule is thought to be specific to mouse reticulocytes rather than derived from parasites. In contrast to the relatively minor changes detected with radio-iodination, striking changes in glycoprotein radio-isotope labelling resulted from infection. All of the red cells in infected blood of greater than 20% parasitaemia lost their periodate-sensitive glycoprotein sialic acid. With some samples there was little change in glycoprotein labelling by the galactose oxidase method, provided neuraminidase was also added. Modification of the exocyclic hydroxyls of sialic acid is postulated to account for this. Other blood samples exhibited a dramatic loss of galactose oxidase-dependent labelling. It is suggested that these observations may relate to the excessive red cell destruction of uninfected as well as infminidase was also added. Modification of the exocyclic hydroxyls of sialic acid is postulated to account for this. Other blood samples exhibited a dramatic loss of galactose oxidase-dependent labelling. It is suggested that these observations may relate to the excessive red cell destruction of uninfected as well as infminidase was also added. Modification of the exocyclic hydroxyls of sialic acid is postulated to account for this. Other blood samples exhibited a dramatic loss of galactose oxidase-dependent labelling. It is suggested that these observations may relate to the excessive red cell destruction of uninfected as well as infected cells which has been inferred in many haemosporidial infections, including malaria. PMID- 7003501 TI - Interaction of epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi with chicken macrophages in vitro. AB - Chicken macrophages, obtained by cultivation of blood monocytes, were infected with epimastigote and bloodstream trypomastigotes of the Y and the CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. The percentage of infected cells and the mean number of parasites per cell were determined after 2, 6, 12 and 24 h of parasite-cell contact. After 6 h of contact about 80% and 40% of the macrophages were infected by trypomastigotes of the Y and CL strains respectively. After longer periods of contact almost all macrophages were infected by Y trypomastigotes while only about 60% were infected by those of the CL strain. After 2 h of contact almost all macrophages were infected by CL epimastigotes while only about 50% were infected by Y epimastigotes. After 6 h of contact almost all macrophages were infected by epimastigotes of both strains. These results are discussed taking into consideration differences between parasites of the two strains and between the two developmental stages of the T. cruzi lifecycle. PMID- 7003502 TI - Nematode egg-shells. PMID- 7003503 TI - [New approaches in experimental dermatology]. PMID- 7003504 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin and cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - A methodical study of the alpha-1-antitrypsin serum level and the Pi type in 69 CF children, 156 CF heterozygote parents and 200 blood donors from Paris, has been made. Although the PiZ allele frequency was found to be higher in the CF population, especially in fathers, than in the reference population, the difference is not statistically relevant. Therefore there does not seem to be a relation between cystic fibrosis and the Pi alleles system. PMID- 7003505 TI - [Antibody fixation on cell nucleus in culture]. AB - Anti-nuclear antibodies which have a speckled nuclear fluorescent pattern (anti RNP) have been incubated with various cell-cultures: epidermis, placentas, Hela cells, lymphoblasts. These antibodies are fixed in nuclei in vitro but do not affect every nuclear cell. Regulatory factors as mitosis seem to interfere. PMID- 7003506 TI - [Classes of antibody and complement coating bacteria in the urinary tract infections of the child]. AB - Urine specimens from 88 children with urinary tract infections were tested by direct immunofluorescence for the presence of antibody coated bacteria and were positive. They were further tested to determine the classes of antibody complexed with the bacteria: 75% were coated with IgA, 62% with IgG and 9% with IgM. In 47 children, C1q, C3 and C4 coated bacteria were also studied: negative results were found in 30 children and positive in 17. The ACB test may be positive without any IgG present; therefore it must be used a antihuman globulin and not only a antihuman IgG. PMID- 7003507 TI - [How to put real medical records into computer? Data collection per notion]. AB - Hospitals worldwide are faced with the enormous problem of storage and easy access to large volumes of information, especially that contained in medical records forms. The utilisation of the computer has raised great hopes in this field as well as certain fears. In all the attempts to automate the medical record, one is faced with the difficult problem of its introduction into the computer. After reviewing the techniques of the medical questionnaire and the transcription record with a meta-language, we then examine the reasons we have abandoned these two techniques. Data collection per notion is the result of practice and critical examination of one and the other method, for years ago. Data collection per notion is characterized by a "bursting" of the record as soon as it is collected. Data collection per notion only is a preparation stage for the next step: on-line data collection. The introduction of medical records into computer is not an end in itself; rather it is only the first step towards the more efficient utilisation of the information contained there in. PMID- 7003508 TI - [Cellular interactions of IgE: towards a new function for IgE]. AB - The anaphylactic function of IgE has been intensively investigated. The Fc epsilon receptor on mast cells or basophils combines with the last two constant domains of the epsilon heavy chain. The Fc epsilon receptor is apparently a glycoprotein, monovalent and free in the plasma membrane. The interaction between the antigen (allergen) and the corresponding IgE antibody combined with the Fc epsilon receptor results in the aggregation of the receptors. Receptor dimerization suffices to trigger the cell. Compartments can be described in mast cells or basophils, the activity of which depends upon the number of formed receptor dimers on the corresponding membrane area. Beyond a threshold number of dimerized receptors, the cell compartment is triggered, which in the presence of Ca++ leads to the discharge of mast cell mediators, an increasing function of the dimer number. Excess receptor aggregation or the absence of aggregation (i.e. IgE Ag2 complexes) deactivates the cell, which occurs more often in the absence of Ca++. Thus, IgE molecules play a passive role only in allowing the aggregation of the receptors which delivers the activating signal. But through the composition of IgE-antigen complexes bound to the receptors, IgE also modulates the cell function according two antagonistic reactions in permanent balance, i.e. activation or deactivation. IgE molecules are also involved in immediate type reactions in inducing the release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes. But IgE antibody can also, when complexed with the antigen, trigger macrophage cytotoxicity for the corresponding target, which indicates a new function of IgE in the effector mechanisms of immunity of particular importance in immunity to schistosomes. A receptor for aggregated IgE has been characterized on the membrane of macrophages. The binding of IgE to its macrophage receptor triggers the cell, as shown by the resulting increase in cyclic GMP, calcium uptake and accelerated turn-over of lysosomal enzymes. A receptor for IgE has also been described on lymphoid cells, B cells, null cells and recently T cells, and the appearance of the receptor is modulated by IgE molecules themselves, suggesting a homeostatic role of IgE molecules. IgE appears thus to play various functions, the most dramatic being the triggering of anaphylactic reactions. But the role of IgE in activating mononuclear phagocytes or lymphoid cells might also prove to be of importance in immunity. PMID- 7003511 TI - Specimen radiography and the diagnosis of clinically occult mammary carcinoma. A brief historical review. PMID- 7003512 TI - Politics and health care. PMID- 7003513 TI - The extraction debate of 1911. PMID- 7003510 TI - [Study of serum concentrations and urinary excretion of secnidazole after oral administration in man. Comparison with tinidazole]. AB - Secnidazole, a derivative of 5-nitro imidazole exhibits trichomonacid, amoebicid and antimicrobial properties; it has been studied in view of its biological fate in healthy volunteers (man and woman) comparatively with tinidazole. Both products were administered orally to the same volunteers at the single dose level of 2 g. The seric concentrations and the pharmacokinetic profile were determined up to the 72nd hour after drug administration. The whole urinary excretion (unchanged product + metabolites) during the same period was determined in percent of the administered dose level. Secnidazole is particularly different from tinidazole owing to its slower blood clearance. The apparent average half life in the ten volunteers (5 men and 5 women) is about 17 hours for secnidazole and 13 hours for tinidazole. However, for both drugs, a difference between men and women was demonstrated: in female volunteers, the decrease in blood concentrations occurs a little quicker than in male volunteers. Regarding urinary excretion, it is also a little greater in female volunteers than in male volunteers. PMID- 7003515 TI - Issues and concerns in the development of the dentist-patient relationship. PMID- 7003514 TI - The Student National Dental Association. PMID- 7003509 TI - [Critical aspects of actual methods for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol quantitation]. AB - In this study we compare various methods for h;igh-density-lipoprotein cholesterol quantitation: ultracentrifugation; electrophoresis either on cellulose acetate or on agarose gel; precipitation methods with polyanions bivalent cations; adsorption procedure using concanavalin A (Con A). quantification by electrophoresis is slow and not precise. Except heparin-Mn++ and dextran (MM 5 X 10(5) and 2 X 10(6)) - CaCl2 procedures, precipitation and Con A methods own a good repeatability (VC 2%) and give a linear response after VLDL or LDL-VLDL addition to tested sera. Regression analysis of the data obtained using these methods in pairs demonstrate a correct accuracy (r > 0.95). The Student t-test shows that the usual values must be evaluated for each method. We suggest to use either phosphotungstate - Mg++ or Con A procedure as method for HDL cholesterol quantitation. PMID- 7003516 TI - Occupational hazards. Is dentistry hazardous to your health? PMID- 7003517 TI - Acute effects of viloxazine HCl and flurazepam when given alone and in combination on sleep EEG: a double-blind interaction study with normals. AB - Viloxazine, an aryl-oxypropanolamine type of beta-adreno-receptor antagonist, has been used in the treatment of depression. In a double-blind drug interaction study with flurazepam, a commonly used benzodiazepine hypnotic, viloxazine administered alone decreased the amount of time spent in REM sleep, increased the amount of time in the "light" stages of sleep, and increased the number of transitions to awake. However, no interactive effects of the combined administration of viloxazine and flurazepam could be detected. PMID- 7003519 TI - Diabetes insipidus and other disorders of water balance. PMID- 7003518 TI - Parathyroid disorders in children. PMID- 7003520 TI - [Method of determining the total hepatic blood flow in children]. PMID- 7003521 TI - [Fructose and its effect on glycemia, insulin secretion and lipid metabolic indices in healthy children]. PMID- 7003522 TI - Construct validation of the Hand Test Withdrawal score on institutionalized older adults. AB - The Hand Test Withdrawal score was correlated with an independent criterion measure of general intactness, the Mental Status Questionnaire, for a sample of 57 "normal," institutionalized, elderly (M age = 77.26 yr.) to establish the construct validity of the Withdrawal score for older adults. A Pearson r of .43 (p < .001) was obtained, suggesting that the Withdrawal score is a valid measure of mental status or general intactness for institutionalized older adults. PMID- 7003524 TI - Master's education in nursing: route to opportunities in contemporary nursing 1980-81. PMID- 7003523 TI - Evaluating the situational specificity of relaxation in mild essential hypertension. AB - A multiple baseline across subject/settings design was employed to assess the specificity of the effects of progressive relaxation in two recently diagnosed, mild hypertensives. Relaxation was implemented successively across laboratory and home settings. In Subject 1, laboratory relaxation was associated with control over diastolic blood pressure, while in Subject 2, control over systolic pressure was observed. Improvements to normotensive levels were observed for both subjects, and the changes were maintained in both settings for Subject 2 at 6- and 12-mo. follow-up. Subject 1 discontinued her medications, relaxation, and self-monitoring of blood pressure, which was associated with an increase in blood pressure during treatment maintenance; however, at 6- and 12-mo. follow-up, both home and laboratory blood pressures were within normotensive range. PMID- 7003526 TI - [Varnishes and liners in cavity isolation]. PMID- 7003525 TI - [Bacteriologic and immunologic aspects of dental caries-a review of literature. Part II. Immunology]. PMID- 7003529 TI - [The decision to computerize in microbiology]. PMID- 7003528 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. Specificity of the immunofluorescence diagnosis. 2 cases]. PMID- 7003530 TI - [A long-term (9 years) clinical study of the safety and efficacy of probucol, and an analysis of morbidity and mortality rates (author's transl)]. AB - The lowering effect of probucol on plasma cholesterol was confirmed in 1 133 patients. The study covered 9 years and approximately 4 000 patient-years. The daily dosage of probucol was 1 g divided into two 500 mg doses. On average, plasma cholesterol values decreased from 300 mg/dl to about 240 mg/dl. There was no tendency to escape. The study also included measurements of plasma probucol in patients under long-term treatment. The drug was generally well tolerated; the only complaints were episodes of loose stools or diarrhea which did not usually oblige to interrupt treatment. The morbidity and mortality rates in these 1 133 patients were compared with those of two major epidemiological surveys: the Coronary Drug Project and the WHO studies. Statistical analysis was impossible, as our long-term trial did not include patients under placebo. However, no unexpected overall excess of mortality was observed with long-term probucol treatment; there was no increase in morbidity, nor in sudden deaths or deaths from coronary disease. These findings apply equally to patients with or without a history of coronary disease prior to their entry into the trial. PMID- 7003527 TI - [Oesophageal resection for cancer using mechanical suture (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a technique of oesophageal resection in which mechanical sutures are used for gastro-oesophageal anastomosis. In the first, abdominal stage, a large gastrectomy is performed, with ligature of the coronary artery of the stomach at its point of origin. The right thoracic approach is then used for gastro-oesophagal anastomosis, which is carried out prior to resection of the cancerous part of the oesophagus, using a TA 90 forceps. PMID- 7003531 TI - [Discovery, by Alphonse Laveran, of the malaria agent. Constantine, 6 November 1880]. PMID- 7003532 TI - [Immunoglobulin anomalies and monoclonal peaks after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7003533 TI - Virion DNA-independent RNA polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The "killer" plasmid and a larger double-stranded RNA plasmid of yeast exist in intracellular virion particles. Purification of these particles from a diploid killer strain of yeast (grown into stationary growth on ethanol) resulted in co purification of a DNA-independent RNA polymerase activity. This activity incorporates and requires all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and will not act on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. The reaction requires magnesium, is inhibited by sulfhydryl-oxidizing reagents and high concentrations of monovalent cation, but is insensitive to DNase, alpha-amanitin, and actinomycin D. Pyrophosphate inhibits the reaction as does ethidium bromide. Exogenous nucleic acids have no effect on the reaction. The product is mostly single-stranded RNA, some of which is released from the enzymatically active virions. PMID- 7003534 TI - Transcription of killer virion double-stranded RNA in vitro. AB - Intracellular virions of stationary phase ethanol-grown cells of a killer strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain encapsulated M (1.1 x 10(6) dalton) and L (3.2 x 10(6) dalton) double-stranded RNA plasmids. These virions also contain RNA polymerase activity which catalyzes the synthesis of full-length, single stranded, asymmetric transcripts (denoted m and l) of the virion double-stranded RNAs. Product m is made by M-containing particles and shows complete sequence homology to M but not to L. Product l is made by L-containing particles and shows complete homology only to L. The products show no self-homology, indicating asymmetric transcription. Therefore, the polymerase appears to function in vitro as a double-stranded RNA transcriptase. The lack of sequence homology between M and L is confirmed. PMID- 7003537 TI - Sequence-specific interaction of sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase with DNA. AB - The interaction of sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase with DNA, either double or single-stranded, and with two inhibitors of RNA synthesis was investigated by using antibodies directed against the subunit. Free sigma subunit was shown to interact with poly(dA), poly(dT), poly(dAC).poly(dGT), T7 DNA and, to a lesser degree, with lambda DNA. When the sigma subunit forms part of the holo enzyme, sigma also interacts with poly(dG).poly(dC). Rifampicin and streptolydigin interact with sigma in the holo enzyme and with free and core bound sigma subunit, respectively. The results suggest that sigma recognizes mainly AC-GT-sequences in double-stranded DNA. The findings are correlated with the base composition in RNA polymerase binding regions of promoters and suggest at least a general interaction between sigma subunit and single-stranded DNA in open complexes. PMID- 7003535 TI - Characterization of Mg2+-induced conformational change in the 50S ribosomal subunit by differential hydrogen exchange. AB - The technique of differential hydrogen exchange allows detection of a conformational change in the 50S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosome when the magnesium concentration is lowered in a range where ribosomal activity is fully preserved. This change is characterized by a seventy-fold acceleration of about thirty labile hydrogens in the case of a Mg2+ jump from 10 mM to 2 mM. The small number of hydrogens involved can explain the difficulty in detecting this change by other methods. PMID- 7003536 TI - Repetitive DNA sequences near three human beta-type globin genes. AB - Five repetitive DNA sequences, of average length 259 bp, have been identified in the intergenic regions which flank three human beta-tupe globin genes. A pair of inverted repeat sequences, separated by 919 bp, was found 1.0 kb to the 5' side of the epsiln-globin gene. Each contains a homologous Alu I site. Another repetitive sequence, with the same orientation as the inverted repeat sequence closest to the epsilon-globin gene, lies about 2.2 kb to the 5' side of the delta globin gene. A pair of inverted repeat sequences, with the same relative orientations as the other pair and separated by about 800 bp, was found about 1.5 kb to the 3' side of the beta-globin gene. PMID- 7003538 TI - Use of RNA polymerase as an enzymatic probe of nucleosomal structure. AB - Nucleosomes prepared from human placental nuclei and Escherichia coli DNA dependent RNA polymerase (nucleoside triphosphate: RNA nucleotidyl transferase EC.2.7.7.6) form stable initiation complexes. This property is utilized as a probe of nucleosome structure. RNA polymerase initiation has been studied on purified nucleosomes, nucleosome cores, and nucleosomal DNA. The affinity of E. coli RNA polymerase for both nucleosome cores and monomers was 5-6 fold less than found for nucleosomal DNA. No difference in apparent initiation Km was found between cores and mononucleosomes. This suggests that initiation does not preferentially occur on the DNA tails of nucleosomes. Once initiated and allowed to form nascent RNA, these complexes are very stable to ionic strength changes. Under conditions in which free enzyme is inactivated with rifampicin, the enzyme in the complex retains activity as demonstrated by its ability to transcribe and reinitiate on both nucleosomes and free DNA. These complexes can be well resolved from free nucleosomes on preparative polyacrylamide gels and both can be eluted from gels for analysis of proteins and DNA sequence complexity. Studies using (125I) labelled nucleosomes show that histones are retained in the initiation complex, and are not dissociated by the enzyme during initiation. PMID- 7003539 TI - The ribosome binding sites recognized by E. coli ribosomes have regions with signal character in both the leader and protein coding segments. AB - Oligonucleotide analysis, by a novel computerized procedure, was first applied to determine the sequence of an ideal E. coli promoter (Scherer et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 1978, 5:3759-3773) and has now been used to obtain the sequence of nucleotides that should be present in a messenger RNA for optimum binding to the E. coli ribosome. This sequence is: UU.UUAAAAAUUAAGGAGGUAUAUUAUGAAAAAAAUUAAAAAACUCAA AA U A AUA A CUC G. Comparison of this sequence with each of the 68 ribosome binding site sequences used to generate it shows a preference rather than an absolute requirement for a specific base in any given position. The preference for certain bases persists along the whole length of the RNA within the ribosome binding domain even though nearly half of that length includes translated codons. Thus messages without leader sequences (like lambda CI mRNA) can still have some affinity for the ribosome. Part of the model sequence is complementary to the 3'end of 16S rRNA. PMID- 7003540 TI - Comparison of substrate base sequences for RNA ligase reactions in the synthesis of a tetradecanucleotide corresponding to bases 21-34 of E. coli tRNAfMet 1. AB - A tetradecanucleotide U-A-G-C(U-C-G)2G-G-C-Up corresponding to bases 21-34 of a nascent sequence of formylmethionyl tRNA of E. coli has been synthesized by the joining of two combinations of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides: 1) U-A-G C + U-C-G-U-C-G + G-G-C-Up and 2) U-A-G-C + U-C-G-U + C-G-G-G-C-Up. In reaction 1) and the extent of joining *pG-G-C-Up to U-C-G-U-C-G was only 15.4% and the last ligation of the decamer to U-A-G-U proceeded to 27%. In reaction 2) joining between U-A-G-C and pU-C-G-Up gave a high yield (88%). The ligation of this octamer and *pC-G-G-G-C-Up also gave a satisfactory yield (52%). These reactions suggest that sequence preferences in RNA ligase reactions may arise from the structure of the 3'-end of acceptor molecules. PMID- 7003541 TI - The expression in E. coli of synthetic repeating polymeric genes coding for poly(L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine). AB - Two dodecadeoxynucleotides of defined sequence have been synthesised by phosphotriester methodology. They can be polymerised to give a double stranded DNA which codes, when read in the correct phase, for the repeating dipeptide poly(aspartyl-phenylalanine). This polymeric DNA has been cloned in E. coli K12 using as vector a plasmid having a controllable bacterial promoter upstream of the insertion site. Clones containing genes coding for up to 150 repeats of (aspartyl-phenylalanine) have been isolated and characterised. The polymeric inserts appear to be stable over many generations and are expressed in E. coli under the control of the bacterial promoter, to give a polymer of phenylalanine and aspartic acid which may be broken down enzymically to yield aspartyl phenylalanine. PMID- 7003543 TI - Role of the 5'-terminal phosphate of tRNA for its function during protein biosynthesis elongation cycle. AB - The 5'-terminal phosphate of tRNAPhe from yeast was removed using tRNAPhe lacking its 3'-terminal adenosine. After regeneration of the C-C-A terminus this tRNA was investigated in following reactions: aminoacylation, spontaneous hydrolysis of the amino acid from aminoacyl-tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex formation and poly(U)-dependent synthesis of poly(Phe). The absence of the 5' terminal phosphate of Phe-tRNAPhe does not influence the rate of hydrolysis of the amino acid or the ability of this rRNA to participate in complex formation with EF-Tu.GTP. The translation of the polyuridylic acid is slightly inhibited whereas the rate and extent of the enzymatic aminoacylation is not affected. PMID- 7003545 TI - The structure of the yeast ribosomal RNA genes. 2. The nucleotide sequence of the initiation site for ribosomal RNA transcription. AB - The 5'-terminal coding sequence for the 37 S precursor to rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is identified by reverse transcriptase extension and protection mapping with nuclease S1. The sequence of a 419 bp rDNA fragment containing the transcription initiation site and its adjacent region is determined. PMID- 7003544 TI - Quantitative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of major and modified deoxyribonucleosides in DNA. AB - We have developed a method to accurately determine (< 3% RSD) the complete major and modified base composition of a few micrograms of unlabeled DNA. The DNA samples were quantitatively hydrolyzed with DNase 1, Nuclease P1, and bacterial alkaline phosphatase. The resulting deoxyribonucleosides were directly separated in 70 min by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with detection by ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm and 280 nm (RP-HPLC). The highly sensitive and selective dual wavelength quantitation greatly enhances the precision and accuracy of the chromatographic analysis. Contamination of DNA preparations with RNA does not interfere with the DNA analysis due to the high resolution of the chromatography. We have used this method for the quantitation of m5dCyd in 5 microgram of calf thymus and salmon sperm DNA in which the m5dCyd comprises only 1 to 2% of the total bases. This method should be a useful research tool in studies on various DNAs and DNA subfractions and should help to elucidate the functions of methylation of DNA. PMID- 7003542 TI - Inverted repeated sequences in yeast nuclear DNA. AB - The inverted repeated sequences (foldback DNA) of yeast nuclear DNA have been examined by electron microscopy and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Of the inverted repeat structures seen in the electron microscope, 34% were hairpins and 66% had a single stranded loop at the end of a duplex stem. The number average length of the repeat was 0.3 kb and the single stranded loop was 1.6 kb. It is estimated that there are approximately 250 inverted repeats per haploid genome. A statistical analysis of the frequency of molecules containing multiple inverted repeats showed that these sequences are non-randomly distributed. The distribution of inverted repeats was also examined by measuring the fraction of total DNA in the foldback fraction that bound to hydroxyapatite as a function of single strand fragment size. This analysis also indicated that the inverted repeats are clustered. Renaturation kinetic analysis of isolated foldback and inverted repeat stem sequence DNA showed that these sequences are enriched for repetitive DNA. PMID- 7003548 TI - The electrostatic molecular potential of tRNAPhe. IV. The potentials and steric accessibilities of sites associated with the bases. AB - The sites of the 76 nucleic acid bases of tRNAPhe potentially reactive towards electrophiles are studied by calculations on the associated molecular electrostatic potentials and the static steric accessibilities. Each of these sites is treated in its environment within the macromolecule. The influence of various schemes of screening by countercations of the backbone phosphates on the electrostatic potentials is investigated. The possible significance of the potentials and accessibilities in connection with observed chemical reactivities is discussed. PMID- 7003546 TI - Characterization of tRNA genes in tRNA region II of yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - We have isolated individual mitochondrial tRNAs from a petite mutant OI-P2-1 known to contain a limited subset of mitochondrial tRNA genes and have mapped these genes on the wild type genome of the yeast strains MH41-7B and D273-10B. To obtain DNA for fine structure mapping and DNA sequence analysis of these genes, we screened a yeast mitochondrial DNA-pBR322 recombinant bank with the isolated tRNAs. We report here the fine structure mapping of recombinant clones containing the tryptophan, formyl methionine and proline tRNA genes as well as the DNA sequence of the proline tRNA gene. The combination of restriction mapping and DNA sequence analysis has enabled us to locate these genes precisely on the wild type genome and to determine their direction of transcription. PMID- 7003547 TI - Transfer RNA genes in the cap-oxil region of yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - A cytoplasmic "petite" (rho-) clone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated and found through DNA sequencing to contain the genes for cysteine, histidine, leucine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, and glycine tRNAs. This clone, designated DS502, has a tandemly repeated 3.5 kb segment of the wild type genome from 0.7 to 5.6 units. All the tRNA genes are transcribed from the same strand of DNA in the direction cap to oxil. The mitochondrial DNA segment of DS502 fills a sequence gap that existed between the histidine and lysine tRNAs. The new sequence data has made it possible to assign accurate map positions to all the tRNA genes in the cap-oxil span of the yeast mitochondrial genome. A detailed restriction map of the region from 0 to 17 map units along with the locations of 16 tRNA genes have been determined. The secondary structures of the leucine and glutamine tRNAs have been deduced from their gene sequences. The leucine tRNA exhibits 64% sequence homology to an E. coli leucine tRNA. PMID- 7003549 TI - More ribosomal spacer sequences from Xenopus laevis. AB - The base sequence analysis of a Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA repeat (7) has been extended to cover almost the entire non-transcribed and external transcribed spacer. A compilation of these sequences is presented. All the repetitive and non repetitive sequence elements of the spacer are identified and their evolution discussed. Comparison of the X.laevis and S.cerevisiae (25,26) ribosomal DNAs shows about 80% sequence conservation in the 18S gene but no sequence conservation, from the available data, in the external transcribed spacer. The sequence coding for the 3' terminus of the X.laevis 40S ribosomal precursor RNA is presented and its structural features analyzed. PMID- 7003550 TI - Sequence-specific interactions of the tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor with non-operator DNA. AB - The tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor binds to non-operator DNA in a sequence specific fashion. Using the DNA of the E. coli I gene we have investigated these sequence-specific interactions and compared them to the operator binding of wild type repressor. The specific, non-operator DNA interactions are sensitive to the inducer IPTG. One strong binding site in the I gene DNA was found to be one of two expected on the basis of their homology with the lac operator. The binding of I12-X86 repressor to this site was visualized using the footprinting technique, and found to be consistent with an operator-like binding configuration. The protection pattern extends into an adjacent sequence suggesting that two repressor tetramers are bound in tandem. PMID- 7003551 TI - Photoaddition of trimethylpsoralen as a probe for the intracellular organization of Escherchia coli DNA. AB - It has been previously demonstrated that photoreaction with 4,5',8-tri methylpsoralen (trioxsalen) can be used as a probe for the in vivo structure of eucaryotic chromatin. We have used this probe to analyze the organization of intracellular Escherichia coli DNA. In contrast to eucaryotic DNA, bacterial DNA within the intact cell is not protected from saturating doses of trioxsalen photoaddition. The final level of covalently bound trioxsalen upon saturation is identical to that found with purified DNA. In addition, the distribution of interstrand DNA cross-links formed by low doses of trioxsalen photoadducts does not exhibit the repeating pattern that has been observed with eucaryotic nucleosomes. PMID- 7003552 TI - Hybridizable sequences between cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs and 3 micron circular DNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulopsis glabrata. AB - We have shown that 2.8 and 3.1 micron circular DNA molecules, previously reported to be present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulopsis glabrata respectively, contain sequences hybridizing to cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs. In S. cerevisiae the 2.8 micron circular DNA appears to be identical to the rDNA repeating unit from nuclear DNA, both in length (approximately 9000 base pairs) and in the location of the 25, 18 and 5.8S rRNA sequences on the large HindIII fragment (6500 bp) and the presence of the 5S rRNA sequence on the small HindIII fragment. The 3.1 micron molecule from T. glabrata is approximately 2000 base pairs longer than the S. cerevisiae molecule and in addition, one of the HindIII sites lies within the region hybridizing to 25, 18 and 5.8S rRNAs. In S. cerevisiae the 4-5 copies of the 2.8 micron circular DNA molecules per cell, which have an extra-nuclear location, do not appear to be essential for cell viability as in one strain they were undetectable. PMID- 7003554 TI - The electrostatic molecular potential of yeast tRNAPhe. (I). The potential due to the phosphate backbone. AB - We present a preliminary theoretical study of the electrostatic potential surrounding yeast tRNAPhe by computing the component of this potential due to all the 76 phosphate groups of the molecule. The general features of the results obtained are discussed and deductions concerning the binding of Mg2+ ions to the molecule in relation to the potential are presented. PMID- 7003553 TI - Molecular cloning of the actin gene from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Two overlapping DNA fragments from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the actin gene have been inserted into pBR322 and cloned in E.coli. Clones were identified by hybridization to complementary RNA from a plasmid containing a copy of Dictyostelium actin mRNA. One recombinant plasmid obtained (pYA102) contains a 3.93-kb Hindlll fragment, the other (pYA208) a 5.1-kb Pstl fragment, both share a common 2.2-kb fragment harboring part of the actin gene. Cloned yeast actin DNA was identified by R-loop formation and translation of the hybridized actin mRNA and by DNA sequence analysis. Cytoplasmic actin mRNA has been estimated to be about 1250 nucleotides long. There is only one type of the actin gene in S.cerevisiae. PMID- 7003555 TI - Second step baccalaureate programs in nursing. PMID- 7003556 TI - Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the renal patient. PMID- 7003559 TI - Anxiety states: easy to recognise - difficult to diagnose. PMID- 7003557 TI - Male nurses: fighting for men's lib. PMID- 7003558 TI - Nursing history: women of good character. PMID- 7003560 TI - Psychiatry, 1. Bordering on Bedlam. PMID- 7003562 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Summary, Volume 3, Number 3. PMID- 7003561 TI - The effects of cancer chemotherapy on reproduction: a review of the literature. PMID- 7003563 TI - [Blood serum levels of C-peptide and insulin in diabetics and healthy persons after intravenous administration of glucagon and glucose]. PMID- 7003565 TI - [Effect of calf thymus extracts (TFX) and their glycopeptide fractions on skin allotransplant survival time in mice]. PMID- 7003564 TI - [Sudden death in diabetes]. PMID- 7003567 TI - [Studies on the use of tissue adhesives in cataract microsurgery]. AB - Corneal incision employed according to Paufique's method for microsurgical cataract removal was dressed with cyanoacrylic adhesive Histoacryl n-blau after the previous wound filling with biological adhesive from freeze dried human plasma. The experiments were performed on 80 enucleated cattle eyeballs and on 60 eyeballs of rabbits. The material were divided into groups depending on the method of wound dressing. In the I group wounds were dressed with adaptation sutures according to the Liegard method and filled with biological adhesive; cyanoacrylic adhesive was applied supplementary. In the II group wounds were filled with biological adhesive and sutured. In the III group wounds were only sutured. The rabbits were observed for 21 days and the resistance of wound anastomosis examined. In the I group wound resistance immediately after the operation and after 24 hours was found to be two times higher than in other groups. 7 days after the operation the values obtained in all groups were similar. In all groups the eyeballs irritation was similar within the first five days. 7 days after the operation plates of cyanoacrylic adhesive were removed without difficulties. In all groups linear corneal scars with mistiness 2 mm wide was found, also singular blood vessels penetrating the cornea were observed. PMID- 7003566 TI - [Metabolic disorders in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7003569 TI - Malaria: a laboratory risk. AB - A case is described of malaria contracted in a clinical laboratory by accidental self-inoculation with infected blood. PMID- 7003570 TI - Gall-bladder polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. AB - A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with polyps in the gall bladder is presented. No previous description of this finding has been reported. The literature regarding known sites of polyposis in this condition is reviewed. PMID- 7003572 TI - Double-blind crossover trial of oral meptazinol, pentazocine and placebo in the treatment of pain in the elderly. AB - In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 30 elderly patients suffering from moderate to severe pain, the analgesic efficacy, tendency to produce mental confusion and side effect profile of meptazinol 100 mg orally were compared with those of pentazocine 25 mg orally were compared with those of pentazocine 25 mg orally and placebo. Both the active drugs produced significantly better analgesia than placebo but meptazinol also provided significantly better pain relief than pentazocine, whilst at the same time causing less mental confusion. Side effects were unremarkable. Meptazinol appears to be a better general purpose oral analgesic in this group of patients than pentazocine. PMID- 7003574 TI - Non-traumatic clostridial myositis: an unusual feature of brain death. AB - In a case of brain death, a Clostridium sordellii and Escherichia coli septicaemia--of probable gastrointestinal origin--developed and was associated with a diffuse clostridial myositis. Factors responsible for the initiation and development of this unusual clostridial infection are discussed. PMID- 7003573 TI - Papaverine and hepatotoxicity. AB - Six of 14 patients receiving a sustained release papaverine preparation developed abnormal liver function tests. One patient had jaundice and another abnormal liver histology on a biopsy specimen. This is only the third report of impaired liver function following the administration of papaverine--a drug which has been used in clinical medicine for over 100 years. PMID- 7003575 TI - Dipslide urine cultures in combination with antimicrobial sensitivity testing. A controlled investigation in general practice. PMID- 7003576 TI - Labetalol in mild and moderate hypertension. A report from the General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 7003578 TI - Dr Harold Dearden (1883--1962). PMID- 7003571 TI - Paracetamol. AB - Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic agent which was first marketed for use as a drug in the U.K. in 1956. It has since become popular with the medical profession and the general public as an alternative to aspirin. PMID- 7003568 TI - Review of general surgery 1979. PMID- 7003579 TI - The development of field vole (Microtus agrestis) and mouse blastocysts in vitro: a study of trophoblast cell migration. AB - Outgrowth of field vole blastocysts and their constituent tissues in vitro results in the appearance of trophoblast giant cell monolayers plus migratory cells of two types. The large migratory cells, which are never seen in mouse outgrowths, resemble trophoblast giant cells in morphology and DNA content. They probably correspond to giant cells which have been observed to migrate throughout the endometrium of vole implantation sites in vivo. It is suggested that their appearance in vitro may depend upon an interaction between the trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst. Small migratory cells also emerge from vole explants and are occasionally seen in mouse outgrowths. They are probably of ICM origin, and in some cases have given rise to long-term vole cell lines. PMID- 7003580 TI - Mononuclear phagocytes in the human placenta. AB - Hofbauer cells have been identified by morphological criteria in human placentae and are considered to be mononuclear phagocytes. An increasing recognition of the morphological heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes and of the considerable difficulty in their recognition in histological sections has suggested that they may be considerably more numerous in the placenta than has been appreciated. The use of specific markers for mononuclear phagocytes in the present study facilitated their identification and quantitation in the placenta. Approximately 65 per cent of the cells in cell suspensions from placentae at all stages of gestation exhibited avid Fc receptors and were morphologically indistinguishable from mononuclear phagocytes. Most of these cells also were phagocytic and expressed C3 receptors. Furthermore, when cells expressing alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase positivity as well as high-affinity receptors for immune complexes were visualized in the stroma of chorionic villi, nearly all stromal cells were positive. The results suggest that Hofbauer cells represent the fully differentiated, morphologically-obvious end-stage members of a large mononuclear phagocyte population which is present in chorionic villi throughout gestation. PMID- 7003577 TI - Perna canaliculus in the treatment of arthritis. PMID- 7003582 TI - Feto-maternal relationships: the actions and the control of certain placental hormones. PMID- 7003581 TI - Cross-reactions between cell surface membrane antigens of human trophoblast and cancer cells. AB - This report describes cross-reactivity between cell surface membrane antigens of human trophoblast and certain transformed cells. Heterologous antisera were raised to chaotrope extracted, intact and solubilized trophoblast microvillous pellets. Antisera to microvilli, after absorption with human erythrocytes and serum proteins, reacted with trophoblast, endothelium and stromal cells of chorionic villi as well as with all other human tissues tested. This group of antigens was designated TA2. Further absorptions of the TA2 antisera with normal human tissues such as liver, kidney or peripheral blood leucocytes, removed all immunofluorescent reactivity except for the apical aspect of syncytiotrophoblast and membranes of the human transformed cell lines HEp-2, AV3 and Chang liver. This group of antigens was designated TA1. Absorption with trophoblast membrane pellets removed all TA1 and TA2 antibody activity. Rabbit antisera raised to the first peak of DOC solubilized syncytiotrophoblast microvilli were shown to have identical patterns of immunofluorescent reactivity to that described for TA1. Cytotoxicity assays with the antisera confirmed the immunofluorescent findings of species specificity and the inability to absorb out reactivity to the cell lines expressing trophoblast cross-reactive antigens with normal tissues. Exhaustive absorptions with AV3 and HEp-2 cell lines removed all immunofluorescent and cytotoxic activities. We propose that the trophoblast cross-reactive antigens present on certain transformed cell lines represent an adaptive response of tumour cells to natural selection pressures as a biological response to resist immunological recognition and rejection by the host. PMID- 7003583 TI - [Use of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of diseases associated with allo and autoimmune conflict]. PMID- 7003584 TI - [Pathogenesis of Osler-Rendu disease]. PMID- 7003585 TI - [Thoracic lymphatic duct catheterization and the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of external lymphatic drainage; a review]. PMID- 7003587 TI - [Gastric secretion of white rats in endotoxic shock]. AB - The output of gastric secretion, gastric juice pH and its proteolytic activity are studied in twelve white rats in the state of endotoxic shock. Gastric juice from the animals is collected during two different periods - prior to shock, and during the shock - with the first period serving as a control. The proteolytic capacity of gastric juice is assayed enzymophoretically. In the course of endotoxin shock a statistically reliable decrease in gastric secretion output, as well as reduced acidity manifested with increase in pH and reduction to full disappearance of the proteolytic capacity of gastric juice are established in the animals experimented upon. The obtained results are interpreted in the light of direct and indirect inhibition of the gastric mucosa secretory activity. PMID- 7003586 TI - [Historical data on the problem of treating peritonitis (a review)]. PMID- 7003588 TI - [Gastric secretion of white rats with an experimental stress stomach ulcer]. AB - The quantity of gastric juice, its acidity and enzymophoretic proteolytic fractions are evaluated in white rats with experimentally induced gastric stress ulcer. Stress ulcer in rats is caused by immobilization and cooling at 0 to 4 degrees C for a duration two hours. It is established that rats with experimental stress ulcers release an increased amount of gastric juice with normal acidity. In the gastric juice of healthy rats a proteolytic fraction is discovered, while in rats with experimentally induced stress ulcer of the stomach two and occasionally three proteolytic induced stress ulcer of the stomach two and occasionally three proteolytic fractions are found. In the discussion due consideration is given to the fact that some of the pathological fractions may play a certain causative role in the formation of gastric ulcers. PMID- 7003589 TI - [Bone grafting in the treatment of hematogenic osteomyelitis]. AB - A qualitatively new method is introduced, developed and established in practice on the ground of clinical experience with 44 patients with hematogenic osteomyelitis. Thus the idea about "osteoplastic treatment of osteomyelitis" is adopted. Bone transplantation is the basic and dynamic factor of this type of management. Contrary to traditional concepts the author's clinical experience shows that successful bone grafting is possible provided all specific requirements are met, namely radical removal of the purulent-necrotic substrate, presence of regeneration potential in the recipient bed, creation of favourable conditions for wound healing by first intention, and active struggle against infection as a permanently acting factor, and in case it is already present. The bone transplant in addition to promoting elimination of the osteomyelitic bone defect, which is the primary pathogenic factor of chronic pus discharge, contributes also to the cure of the basic process in the course of its dynamic interaction with the recipient bone. Bone auto-, allo- and xeno (calf)-grafts are used as transplantation material. The indications for osteoplastic treatment, the surgical policy, operative technique and operative procedures are presented. The proposed original operative methods of osteoplastic management are submitted schematically and illustrated by single case reports. Complete cure as the result of osteoplastic treatment alone is attained in 388 cases or 87.3 per cent out of the total number of 444 patients. In the remaining 55 cases in whom the treatment failed, reoperation was performed because of residual foci, complications on behalf of the graft (sequestration), persistent fistulae or skin defects, resulting in the cure of fifty of them. Here too, the attained result is attributable to the osteoplastic treatment. Hence out of the total number of 444 patients operated on a cure is achieved in 434 cases or 97.7 per cent. After comparative evaluation of the quality of bone graft a net preference is given to cancellous autografts. A transplant taken from the iliac crest is considered as the optimal quality one. Regarding massive bone grafts, auto- or allogenous alike, a rather elevated sequestration rate is recorded, 10 and 33 per cent respectively. A particular importance is ascribed to the regenerative qualities of the recipient bed. Results recorded among children are superior. In patients free of fistulae the rate of cures is 19.3 per cent higher in patients with fistulae. PMID- 7003591 TI - The effect of opposing dentition on the stability of immediate maxillary denture and on the alveolar process. PMID- 7003590 TI - Levi Day Boone--Physician and politician. PMID- 7003592 TI - Nuclear Overhauser effect in specifically deuterated macromolecules: NMR assay for unusual base pairing in transfer RNA. AB - We demonstrate a fairly general method for identification of NMR absorption lines of macromolecues extracted from microorganisms, based on nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE). Several NOE in tRNA are observable between resolved imino proton resonances and ring carbon resonances that are either C(2) protons of adenine or C(8) protons of adenine or guanine. Yeast tRNAPhe was deuterated at the purine C(8) positins by heating in 2H2O and also biosynthetically. NOE between imino protons and adenine C(2) protons of standard A . U base pairs would not be affected by such a label, but some other NOE that might be otherwise similar, such as those of reverse Hoogsteen base pairs, should disappear. Six NOE were shown to be from standard A . U pairs by their nondisappearance. Four NOE from methyl resonances to aromatic proton resonances did disappear. The results disagree with previous assignments based on ring-current theories of imino proton NMR shifts. PMID- 7003593 TI - Identification of proteolytically resistant domains of human erythrocyte spectrin. AB - Digestion of purified human erthrocyte spectrin with proteolytic enzymes at 0 degrees C results in the production of intermediate-size peptides that resist further cleavage at 0 degrees C. By two-dimensional peptide analysis of these intermediate peptides it has been determined that five unique peptides are produced by tryptic cleavage of the alpha subunit of spectrin (band 1); these have apparent molecular weights of 80,000, 46,000, 46,000, 41,000, and 30,000 and account for 97% of the alpha subunit. Similarly, four unique peptides having apparent molecular weights of 74,000, 65,000, 33,000, and 38,000 account for 90% of the beta subunit (band 2). By examining larger peptide fragments, the linear alignment of the unique peptides along each of the spectrin subunits has been established. These results indicate that spectrin is composed of two nonidentical subunits, each containing multiple proteolytically resistant domains. These domains, which may be largely alpha-helical, seem to be connected by small protease-sensitive segments. The proteolytic resistance of these domains is not influenced by the multimeric state of the spectrin molecule. PMID- 7003594 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the sex steroid-binding protein of plasma in tissues of the adult monkey Macaca nemestrina. AB - The sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) present in the serum of the monkey Macaca nemestrina is shown to exist in cells of tissue involved in reproduction. The localization was demonstrated by immunofluorescence with monospecific antibodies raised against homogeneous human SBP. These antibodies were previously shown to crossreact with monkey SBP. The protein appears to be located in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining the prostate alveoli, the ducti of the epididymis, and the seminiferous tubula of the testes of the monkey. The protein is also present in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells of the liver, where SBP is believed to be synthesized, and in cells of the adrenal cortex, where steroids are known to be synthesized. Controls appear dark and illustrate specificity of the immunofluorescence, ruling out both tissue autofluorescence and other nonspecific interactions. In all cases, the relative intensity of fluorescence appears minimal in the nuclei of cells. Experiments performed with cultured MCF-7 cells indicate that SBP can across the plasma membrane and enter into the cytoplasm but not into the nucleus. Additional studies indicate that the monospecific antibodies do not crossreact with the monkey prostate androgen receptor, as shown by ultracentrifugation in sucrose densty gradients. The physiological significance of these observations is not known; however, the existence of this protein in cells of target tissues for sex steroids introduces a new dimension in our thinking about the role of this protein in androgen action. PMID- 7003595 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the thrA gene of Escherichia coli. AB - The thrA gene of Escherichia coli codes for a single polypeptide chain having two enzymatic activities required for the biosynthesis of threonine, aspartokinase I and homoserine dehydrogenase I. This gene was cloned in a bacterial plasmid and its complete nucleotide sequence was established. It contains 2460 base pairs that encode for a polypeptide chain of 820 amino acids. The previously determined partial amino acid sequence of this protein is in good agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The gene contains an internal sequence that resembles the structure of bacterial ribosome-binding sites, with an AUG preceded by four triplets, each of which can be converted to a nonsense codon by a single mutation. This suggests that the single polypeptide chain was formed by the fusion of two genes and that initiation of translation may occur inside the gene to give a protein fragment having only the homoserine dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7003598 TI - Fat content of ectopic marrow implants and cellularity of resulting ossicles. PMID- 7003597 TI - Absolute requirement of glucocorticoid for expression of the casein gene in the presence of prolactin. AB - Second thoracic mammary glands of immature BALB/c female mice were stimulated to pregnancy-like lobuloalveolar (LA) development aftr 6 days of incubation in a corticosteroid-free step I culture medium containing insulin, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, and growth hormone. A low basal level (0.0009%) of casein mRNA (mRNAcsn) sequences was detectable in the LA glands by a specific cDNA probe. Subsequent incubation of the LA glands for 3 days in medium containing insulin and prolactin or insulin and cortisol failed to elicit mRNAcsn above the basal level, indicating that neither prolactin nor cortisol alone can support casein gene expression. However, an increase in mRNAcsn levels was observed when the 3-day incubation with insulin and cortisol or insulin and prolactin was followed by 3 days of culture in presence of insulin, prolactin, and cortisol. When a 3-day incubation with insulin and prolactin was followed by 3 days in insulin and cortisol medium, mRNAcsn levels in the gland remained similar to the basal level. However, a 20-fold increase in the mRNAcsn levels ensued when the LA glands were sequentially incubated for 3 days in insulin and cortisol and then for another 3 days in insulin and prolactin medium. After a preincubation in insulin and cortisol medium, the LA glands retained residual cortisol during subsequent incubation in insulin and prolactin medium, and the mRNAcsn levels in these glands were related to the level of residual cortisol present. When mRNAcsn and the residual cortisol level reached a minimum, addition of fresh cortisol to the medium caused a 20-fold increase in the mRNAcsn levels. This indicates that cortisol is a limiting factor in insulin and prolactin medium and its presence is absolutely required for casein gene expression. PMID- 7003596 TI - New molecular forms of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of ADHIndianapolis. AB - The biochemical determinants of alcoholism and genetic correlates for the variability in man's response to alcohol have remained obscure until recently. The identification of genetically determined isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase with different catalytic properties may bear importantly upon this problem. New molecular forms of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) have recently been identified in 16% of the liver specimens from an urban population from Indianapolis, Indiana [Bosron, W. F., Li, T.-K. & Vallee, B. L. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 1549-1555]. The distinguishing features of these specimens were (i) they showed activity optima for ethanol oxidation at both pH 7.0 and 10.0 and (ii) they formed electrophoretic bands cathodic to the beta beta isoenzyme. From such livers, three new ADH forms have now been isolated, one of which has a single pH optimum at 7.0 and two of which have dual optima at pH 7.0 and 10.0. These new forms were designated ADHIndianapolis forms 1,2, and 3, respectively. They can be differentiated from previously described ADH isoenzymes, including the so-called "atypical" isoenzyme, by their electrophoretic mobility, pH optima, and Km for ethanol (approximately 60 mM at pH 7.5). Based upon the electrophoretic pattern of livers containing ADHIndianapolis and the mobility of the three isolated molecular forms, ADHIndianapolis may be the result of polymorphism at the ADH2 gene locus, which codes for the beta subunit. PMID- 7003599 TI - Inactivation of enkephalin by brain enzymes. AB - Two distinct enzymatic activities capable of hydrolyzing enkephalin are present in the brain. The major activity was shown to be a neutral aminopeptidase which hydrolyzes Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) with a Km of 2 X 10(-5) M. This activity was inhibited by heavy metal ions (i.e. Zn++, Cd++), by sulfhydryl blocking reagents, and by the antibiotics bacitracin and puromycin. In contrast, these two antibiotics had no effect on the hydrolysis of Leu-Enk by either rat serum or commercial leucine aminopeptidase. The integrity of both the glycosidic and peptide bonds in the puromycin molecule was required for its inhibitory activity. On the other hand, modifications of the sugar moiety had relatively little effect, allowing the design of puromycin analogs which were inactive with regard to protein synthesis inhibition but still capable of inhibiting brain aminopeptidase. Puromycin was also shown to inhibit enkephalin degradation by homogenates of guinea pig ileum and to prolong the depressant effect of enkephalin on the electrically induced contractions of the ileum. The second enzymatic activity in brain homogenate was found to sediment with the synaptic plasma membrane fraction and cleave Leu-enkephalin into Tyr-Gly-Gly and Phe-Leu with a Km of 2.2 X 10(-5) M and pH optimum between 6.5 and 7.0. This endopeptidase was inhibited by metal chelating agents and by thiols but was insensitive to puromycin and to p-chloromercuribenzoate. In contrast to the aminopeptidase some cleavage of (D-Ala2)Met-Enk x amide by the endopeptidase was observed. PMID- 7003601 TI - Vascular reactivity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. PMID- 7003600 TI - Caffeine as an intensifier of stress-induced hormonal and pathophysiologic changes in mice. AB - Psychosocially stressed male mice competing in a Henry-Stephens complex population cage develop hypertension, cardiovascular damage, and chronic interstitial nephritis. Their plasma renin, noradrenaline, corticosterone, and adrenal-catecholamine synthetic enzymes are increased and they die prematurely. Adding 3.3 mg of caffeine a day per kilogram of mouse body weight (the equivalent of 20 micrograms/ml decaffeinated coffee) to their drinking water significantly intensifies most of these changes. A dose of 90 mg/kg of caffeine (the equivalent of 560 micrograms/ml, i.e., brewed tea or coffee) further increases the effects. The drug-induced enhancement of competitive social stimulation of the neuroendocrine system resulted in a further increase of plasma renin and corticosterone levels as well as blood pressure and adrenal weight. These effects together with accelerated mortality and increased pathology indicate that chronic consumption of caffeinated liquids adds to the risks of psychosocial stress. PMID- 7003604 TI - Inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism in microsomes. PMID- 7003603 TI - Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7003602 TI - The effects of salbutamol on some metabolic and endocrine patterns of diabetic subjects. PMID- 7003605 TI - Endogenous substrates of monooxygenases: fatty acids and prostaglandins. PMID- 7003606 TI - Use of glucocorticosteroids in psoriasis. PMID- 7003607 TI - Physiological pharmacokinetics: an in vivo approach to membrane transport. PMID- 7003608 TI - Antibiotic inhibitors of mitochondrial energy transfer. PMID- 7003609 TI - Streptococcal toxins (streptolysin O, streptolysin S, erythrogenic toxin). PMID- 7003610 TI - Salmonella toxin. PMID- 7003611 TI - Des-tyrosyl-gamma-endorphin in schizophrenia: a double-blind trial in 13 patients. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over investigation of the possible antipsychotic action of [des-Tyr1]-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) was undertaken in schizophrenic patients. This non-opiod derivative of gamma-endorphin has recently been shown to exert both neuroleptic-like effects in animals and an antipsychotic action in schizophrenic patients failing to respond to conventional neuroleptic therapy. 13 patients undergoing continuous neuroleptic therapy, and suffering from either chronic or acute, frequently-relapsing schizophrenia and displaying persistent productive symptoms (hallucinations, acute delusions) were selected for the trial. After one day of single-blind injection of placebo, two successive double-blind treatment periods of 4 days each followed, viz 4 days with i.m. injections of 2 mg DT gamma E preceding 4 days of placebo injections or vice versa. Psychopathological evaluation was performed twice daily by use of the IMPS and an eight-point-scale appropriate for the estimation of special target symptoms (VBS). The mean data obtained from the whole sample of 13 patients show that placebo and DT gamma E produce a reduction in symptomatology of an appoximately equal magnitude. The results provide no support for the hypothesis of an antipsychotic efficacy of DT gamma E in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. In the subgroup of acute cases, however, a therapeutic action of DT gamma E appears possible PMID- 7003612 TI - Educational programs leading to qualifications as a physical therapist. PMID- 7003613 TI - Composition of glomerular urine with conclusive evidence of reabsorption in the renal tubules. A vignette. PMID- 7003615 TI - Adipocytes, aging and cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 7003614 TI - Handbook of Physiology 1959-1978. PMID- 7003616 TI - Biotelemetry in the study of regulation of ventilation. PMID- 7003619 TI - [A passion for social work (Zofia Bujwidowa)]. PMID- 7003617 TI - Increased hunger and thirst during glucoprivation in humans. PMID- 7003618 TI - Ventral noradrenergic bundle "area" lesions producing reduced body weight and activity. PMID- 7003620 TI - [45 years in the service of public health (Wladyslawa Rosner)]. PMID- 7003622 TI - [This tragic summer]. PMID- 7003623 TI - [Creative life (Marii Minczewskiej)]. PMID- 7003621 TI - [Obesity in diabetes]. PMID- 7003624 TI - The physiologic basis for hypernasality during connected speech in cleft palate patients: a nasendoscopic study. AB - A characteristic pattern of velopharyngeal movement is associated with hypernasality. Nasendoscopic examination can identify the patterns of movement of the velopharynx during connected speech. The nasendoscopic observations provide a safe, objective way of assessing the anatomic dysfunction that causes hypernasality. These observations provide a clearer rationale for the design and placement of pharyngoplasty surgery. Recognition of distinct dysfunctional patterns opens the door to nonsurgical correction of hypernaslity in selected patients using the nasendoscope and video display. PMID- 7003625 TI - Dietary modification of the vascular effect of prostacyclin in hypertensive rats. AB - Hypertension increased the responsiveness of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to exogenously infused prostacyclin (PGI2) at rates of 300 ng/kg/min and 1 microgram/kg/min. This did not occur for angiotensin infusion. Substitution of a diet containing alpha-linolenic acid for the control diet to SHR abolished this increased responsiveness to PGI2. Accompanying the abolition of the increased responsiveness to PGI2 was a significant increase in specific activity of two lysosomal hydrolases (N-acetylglucosaminadase and cathepsin D) within the aorta of SHR. These changes may reflect compensatory responses of the vasculature to protect the animal. PMID- 7003626 TI - Platelet and other effects of carboprostacyclin--a stable prostacyclin analogue. AB - Carboprostacyclin, a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2) is 12.5 and 25.0 times respectively weaker than PGI2 in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation of baboon and human platelets in vitro. Carboprostacyclin was also 28.5 times weaker as a vasodepressor than PGI2 in anaesthetised baboons. Intravenous and oral administration of carboprostacyclin in baboons resulted in ex-vivo inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation at doses that did not produce changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Like PGI2, carboprostacyclin contracted guinea pig tracheal chain preparation in vitro but decreased histamine induced lung resistance in anaesthetised guinea pigs. Both PGI2 and carboprostacyclin relaxed the human respiratory tract smooth muscle in vitro. PMID- 7003627 TI - Leukemia: a spectrum of diseases. AB - A number of advances that have appeared with regard to acute and chronic leukemias in the hematologic literature of the last several years have been reviewed. This field is rapidly expanding, and major advances are being made on a regular basis. Hopefully, in the future the use of the word "cure" can be used without apprehension in larger numbers of patients with these disease processes. PMID- 7003628 TI - Chemotherapy of tuberculosis for the 1980's. PMID- 7003629 TI - [Analysis of biological factors related to the effectiveness of preventive use of lithium carbonate in patients with endogenous depressive syndromes]. PMID- 7003630 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of long-term preventive use of lithium carbonate in endogenous depressive syndromes]. PMID- 7003631 TI - [Phenomenological psychiatry as formulated by Antoni Kepinski]. PMID- 7003632 TI - [Antoni Kepinski -- founder of axiological psychiatry]. PMID- 7003633 TI - [Follow-up evaluation of the prophylactic effect of lithium carbonate in cyclothymia]. PMID- 7003634 TI - [Effectiveness of maprotiline in neurotic disorders of erection and ejaculation]. PMID- 7003635 TI - [Tormentors of the mentally ill]. PMID- 7003636 TI - ["La Liberta e Terapeutica" - on the death of Franco Basaglia]. PMID- 7003637 TI - Presynaptic noradrenergic regulation during depression and antidepressant drug treatment. AB - A specific testable hypothesis in which supersensitive alpha-2-adrenoreceptors play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of affective illness is presented based on the following observations: (1) published findings of changes in adrenergic receptors in the periphery and brains of rats in response to antidepressant regimens; (2) new studies of the monoamine oxidase type A inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline, specifically relating to adaptation in the alpha-adrenergic presynaptic negative feedback system; (3) human peripheral alpha adrenergic receptor changes from studies of patients with affective illness; and (4) observations from animals and humans experiencing stress and withdrawal from chronic amphetamine and opiate administration, suggesting that the development of supersensitive alpha-2-adrenoreceptors may lead to affective illness in vulnerable individuals. Old and new pharmacologic treatments are then discussed in terms of their capacity to specifically alter adrenergic receptor state. PMID- 7003638 TI - Language and schizophrenia. PMID- 7003639 TI - Failure of lithium treatment in established tardive dyskinesia. AB - Eleven patients with tardive dyskinesia were treated with lithium carbonate in a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. No significant effect of lithium on either tardive dyskinesia or blood prolactin concentrations was demonstrated, but 5 patients developed pseudo-Parkinsonian features. PMID- 7003641 TI - Immediate perceptual response to intersensory discrepancy. PMID- 7003640 TI - Amphetamine models of paranoid schizophrenia: an overview and elaboration of animal experimentation. PMID- 7003642 TI - Iconic memory: a review and critique of the study of short-term visual storage. PMID- 7003643 TI - Anxiety reduction in asthma: four catches to general application. AB - Anxiety reduction procedures as adjuncts to medical treatment have almost invariably been reported to benefit asthmatic patients in individual case studies. However, the results of more systematically controlled studied are clearly inconsistent. This discrepancy is understandable in view of what is now known about anxiety in asthma. Four catches, each based on what has been reported about the roles and forms of anxiety in asthma, are presented. Each catch argues against general, across-the-board application of anxiety reduction procedures in asthma. Careful evaluation leading to more problem-oriented treatment is needed in view of the different roles of anxiety in asthma. PMID- 7003645 TI - Cellular radiation effects and hyperthermia: cytokinetic investigations with stationary phase yeast cells. AB - Wild type diploid yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 211, was subjected to 250 kV X-rays or 50 degrees C heat treatment for 30 min or to a combination of both. X-ray exposure took place either in air or in nitrogen. Cell number, percentage of budding cells and cell cycle progression was followed for up to 12 h post irradiation. The distribution of cell cycle stages was determined by flow cytofluorometry. All treatments cause a retardation of cell division rate. Hyperthermia leads mainly to a lengthening of G1, whereas X-rays arrest the cells reversibly in G2. The effect of the combined treatment appears to be merely additive. No. selective action of hyperthermia on hypoxic cells was found. PMID- 7003647 TI - [Angiography for conservative operations in bone oncology]. PMID- 7003646 TI - Combined action of ultrasound and ionizing radiation on yeast cells. AB - This communication reports the observation of synergistic relationships between ultrasound and gamma-irradiation of stationary phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of different strains. The gamma-ray dose was applied before or after the sound. The extent of synergism depended upon the sequence of application; it was smaller for (US + gamma-ray)-exposure in comparison with gamma-ray +US) treatment. The combined action of both modalities had smaller or no synergistic effect for mutant(rad51) yeast cells incapable of recovery. On this basis, it was concluded that possible mechanisms for ultrasound radiosensitization of yeast cells may involve the reduced capacity of cells to recover damages resulted from the combined action and/or the enhanced expression of lethal damage. PMID- 7003648 TI - Cerebral blood flow determination by rapid-sequence computed tomography: theoretical analysis. AB - Dynamic computed tomography (CT) using rapid-sequence scanning can be used to determine cerebral blood flow noninvasively following an intravenous bolus injection of contrast material. Since the contrast material remains intravascular in the normal brain, principles of indicator dilution analysis for nondiffusible indicators are applied to the time course of the changes in contrast concentration. While a delay is introduced by the relatively prolonged intravenous injection, this can be corrected for if the arteries are seen on the scan; the corrected mean transit time of the first passage of the bolus through the vessels gives the blood flow per unit vascular volume. To find the blood flow per unit of total tissue volume requires measuring the concentration of contrast material in the blood, which cannot always be done directly from brain scans with current CT equipment; however, a relative volume for total tissue flow can be found by using the area under the curve of contrast concentration as a function of time, as this area is proportional to the fractional vascular volume of the tissue. PMID- 7003644 TI - Psychotherapy of Nazi victims. AB - For 20 years I have been trying to help Nazi victims by psychotherapy. I find that the confrontation with the holocaust by working with the victims during many years, is for the psychotherapist extremely painful and full of stress. Comparing these treatments with other treatments, it may be that beyond the empathy with the personal victim, the patient. I, the Jewish therapist, identify with the fate of the Jewish people. What happened to this patient could have happened to me, to my family, to my friends - and can happen again. PMID- 7003649 TI - Intravenous angiography of the extracranial cerebral arteries. AB - Intravenous angiography with systematic subtraction is a simple, physiological method of simultaneously studying the common carotids, carotid bifurcations, internal carotids (up to the carotid siphons), and vertebral arteries. It can be employed in fasting patients without anesthesia or premedication and without the risks of an arterial approach. Used in 500 patients (of whom 30% were outpatients and some were older than 80), it was tolerated well, easily repeated, and gave 80.6% good or excellent results and only 19.4% poor or uninterpretable results. This is a practical method of screening atheromatous lesions and monitoring their development, particularly after surgery. PMID- 7003650 TI - Will hyperthermia conquer the elusive hypoxic cell? Implications of heat effects on tumor and normal-tissue microcirculation. AB - In tumor radiobiology, the hypoxic cell has become especially important because of recent evidence of acute hypoxic regions within experimental tumors. The impact of hyperthermia on the development of acute hypoxia is discussed. Two experiments for studying hyperthermia and hypoxia in tumors are presented. Knowledge of the microenvironment of tumor cells will be necessary to understand and improve tumor control. PMID- 7003651 TI - Post-harvest food crop conservation. Valedictory essay. PMID- 7003652 TI - Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias. PMID- 7003653 TI - The genetics of hemochromatosis. PMID- 7003656 TI - [Controlled study of the treatment of a gastroduodenal ulcer with cimetidine]. PMID- 7003655 TI - The genetics of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7003657 TI - General progress in clinical chemotherapy of advanced disease. AB - Advanced cancer, because of its accompanying tumor burden, complex adverse host effects, and cellular heterogeneity, will prove much more difficult to control successfully than grave infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. This will likely be so, even when moderately successful chemotherapy is or will be available. Nevertheless, prospects for improving current results are present through application of chemotherapy alone or in combination with other modalities. Important developments include not only the availability of an increasing number of effective drugs, but also a better understanding of drug pharmacology, prediction of tumor cell cytotoxicity, locoregional drug delivery, exploitation of interactions with other forms of local therapy, and delineation of immunologic factors in tumor control. The single, most likely contribution to a curative approach to cancer, however, is likely to emerge from the application of aggressive systemic treatment in the circumstances of minimal residual disease. This topic is covered elsewhere. PMID- 7003654 TI - The hepatic porphyrias. PMID- 7003658 TI - Antitumor activity, pharmacology, and toxicity of ellipticines, ellipticinium, and 9-hydroxy derivatives: preliminary clinical trials of 2-methyl-9-hydroxy ellipticinium (NSC 264-137). AB - Ellipticine and some derivatives are highly cytotoxic substances which kill L1210 cells at concentrations ranging form 10(-8) to 10(-6)M. Some compounds in this series bind with high affinity to DNA (affinity constant between 10(7) M-1 and 10(5) M-1) by intercalation between base pairs. The antitumoral properties of these derivatives are thought to be related to their DNA-binding ability. Both 9 hydroxylation of ellipticine and quaternarization of 2-pyridinic nitrogen tend to increase DNA binding and antitumor activity. 2-Methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine (NSC 264-137) was selected for a phase I and later for a phase II trial in human cancer. This drug does not affect blood cell counts in animals or in man. It is not mutagenic in the Ames' test nor teratogenic in mice, but is endowed with anti inflammatory properties and induces a marked decrease of motoricity in mice. Transient bradycardia and decrease of blood pressure are the most noticeable cardiovascular effects in dogs. This compound administered at 80-100 mg/m2/week in 1-h intravenous (IV) infusion induces objective remissions in about 25% of patients suffering from advanced breast cancer refractory to all other treatment. These remissions, which occurred after 3-4 weeks, lasted for 1-18 months. This drug seems particularly to improve the condition of patients suffering from oesteolytic breast cancer metastasis. Activity against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma has also been observed in some cases. Toxic side effects are nausea and vomiting (one-third of the patients), hypertension (less than 10% of the patients), muscular cramp (one-third of the patients), fatigue which can be very pronounced (in most patients after 3 months of treatment), mouth dryness, and mycosis of the tongue and esophagus (less than 20% of the patients). PMID- 7003659 TI - Current status of Japanese studies with the new anthracycline antibiotic aclacinomycin A. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on a new yellow anthracycline antibiotic aclacinomycin A are reviewed. Favorable responses were seen in patients with acute leukemia refractory to daunomycin and adriamycin, malignant lymphoma, and breast, ovarian, lung, gastric, intestinal, and urinary bladder cancers by intravenous and intraperitoneal infusions or bladder instillation of aclacinomycin A alone in the phase II study. PMID- 7003661 TI - Long-term sequelae of cancer chemotherapy. AB - Long-term sequelae of therapy of neoplastic disease have become an important topic, since many patients exposed to anticancer drugs will have prolonged survival. The advances which have been made in the treatment of pediatric malignancies, in fact, give particular relevance to a study of these complications. Moreover, clues as to the mechanism of action and molecular pharmacology of these agents may emerge from such studies. Herein we review both the specific organ dysfunction and the generalized effects which may become apparent as late consequences of chemotherapy. PMID- 7003660 TI - Clinical chemotherapy: its correlation with experimental models. AB - The inputs into clinical trials are many and the possibilities for study are nearly infinite. The only way rational choices and priorities can be established is through the use of experimental models. Clinicians and experimentalists must develop a continuous dialogue so as to mutually develop their questions of importance for study. PMID- 7003662 TI - Vindesine: a new vinca alkaloid. AB - Vindesine (VDS) is an analogue of the vinca alkaloids. Its spectrum of antitumoral activity is similar to that of vincristine (VCR), but with milder experimental neurotoxicity, and it inhibits the polymerization of tubulin. Its terminal half-life is 24 h and its plasma clearance is intermediate between those of vinblastine (VLB) and VCR. The maximal tolerated dose is 4-5 mg/m2/week, the dose-limiting toxicity being myelosuppression (nadir by days 7-8 and recovery by days 11-13). It has already been demonstrated as efficient in childhood acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia, and esophageal carcinoma. It has also shown activity in Hodgkin's disease, breast and germ cell carcinomas, and melanoma. Intolerance is mainly neurologic, with paresthesias, without motor impairment, or hematologic, with leukopenia, and sometimes alopecia, asthenia, and muscle pains. The results are better if the patients have not been treated previously; continuous infusion could be of interest and there appears to be no cross-resistance with its parent VCR, as documented in ALL. PMID- 7003663 TI - The epipodophyllotoxin derivatives VM-26 and VP-16-213, 1976-1979, a review. AB - The epipodophyllotoxin derivatives VM 26 and VP 16-213 are currently entering phase III studies. The mechanism of their action is incompletely understood, but the greatest lethal effect is experienced in the late S and G2 phases. In transplanted tumors both drugs have shown marked schedule dependency and human studies also support this. As a single agent VP 16-213 is among the most active drugs in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Significant clinical activity (> 20% response frequency) has been observed for both drugs in Hodgkin's disease, non Hodgkin lymphomas and possibly in other more rare tumors (monocytic leukemia, hepatoma and teratoma). Although further clinical studies of both drugs would be ideal, it seems possible at present to justify a discontinuation of VM-26 in order to concentrate the efforts on VP 16-213. Further studies are needed to define optimal dose and schedule and place in combination chemotherapy. PMID- 7003664 TI - Contractile and relaxing activity of arterial smooth muscle from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - Contractures induced by 10(-4)M phenylephrine (PE) and 70 mM KCl and their relaxation by 10(-2) M theophylline (theo) were observed in aortae isolated from untreated and insulin-treated streptozotocin-diabetic rats for 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Diabetes consistently caused an average decrease of 40% in the PE and K-contractures. Treatment of diabetic animals with 2.0-3.5 units (U) of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin/day/partially prevented diabetes induced decreases in the PE contractures while completely preventing them in the K-contractures. Relaxation of the PE-contracture, which was more susceptible to theo than was the K-contracture in control tissues, was not affected by either untreated or insulin-treated diabetes until 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes. While in vivo insulin treatment did not reverse diabetes-induced decreases in the theo-induced relaxation of the PE contracture, it did prevent the diabetes-induced increase in the relaxation of the K-contracture which was observed after 4 weeks. The results indicate that while the mechanisms involved in mediating the PE and K-contractures are inhibited by diabetes, insulin is more effective at preventing the effects of diabetes on the K-contracture and its relaxation than on the induction and relaxation of the PE-contracture. PMID- 7003665 TI - Technical report--a new chamber technique for microvascular studies in unanesthetized hamsters. AB - An experimental model was designed for direct, quantitative studies of hemodynamic and morphologic parameters in the microcirculation. It consists of implanting a modified Algire chamber in the dorsal skin flap of hamsters and the implementation of two permanent catheters in jugular vein and carotid artery. The microcirculation was studied using intravital microscopy and television techniques for in situ measurements of blood cell velocity and vascular diameters. Due to the poor contrast between blood cells, blood capillaries and surrounding s.c. tissue, microvascular beds were visualized using fluorescent microscopy after i.v. injection of 0.2 ml of 5% FITC-Dextran 150. The combination of optical elements and low amounts of FITC-Dextran improved the contrast of the televised image without changing macro- and micro-hemodynamic parameters, and blood plasma was delineated as bright structure against the substantially darker background of red blood cells and surrounding tissue. This permitted the quantitative study of practically all blood vessels within a given field of s.c. tissue in unanesthetized animals. Blood cell velocity in arterioles was 0.7-1.1 mm/s, 0.2-0.7 mm/s in midcapillaries and reached 0.6 mm/s in collecting venules. Since i.v. injection of drugs and systemic pressure measurements are possible in this model, it provides a unique means for studying the reactivity of the microcirculation over a prolonged period. PMID- 7003666 TI - [Contribution to the study of the phagocytosing ability of broncho-alveolar macrophages in smokers and non-smokers (author's transl)]. AB - Broncho-alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchial washing from 20 pairs of matched smokers and non-smokers. The following parameters were studied: phagocytosing ability of macrophages on silica in cell culture in the presence or absence of cotinin, a biocompound of nicotin; migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and power and level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sera of patients. The results are reported as a function of absolute number of macrophages obtained, their viability, the amount of cigarettes smoked, and the action of cotinin. MIF was stronger in the smokers. There was no difference between the groups as far as power and level of alpha 1-antitrypsin are concerned. Cotinin provokes important lesions in the macrophages. The phagocytic power was not significantly different in smokers and non smokers, but the results were better in non-smokers. PMID- 7003668 TI - Cell differentiation yesterday and today. PMID- 7003667 TI - Immunoglobulin production in man stimulated by an orally administered bacterial lysate. AB - The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulins in the saliva, and of immunoglobulin in the serum, have been measured by the radial immunodiffusion method in 12 healthy volunteers, before and after oral administration of Broncho Vaxom which is a lysate of bacteria that usually cause infection in the upper respiratory tract. The mean concentration of secretory IgA in the saliva was increased by over 100% after the 10-day administration of the product. This increase was statistically significant between the 20th and 33rd day after the beginning of the treatment (p < 0.05). It fell to a normal level after a month in 4 subjects who received one treatment course only. In 8 subjects who received a second treatment course beginning 1 month after termination of the first course, the high concentration of IgAs in the saliva persisted for at least 3 months. A significant increase in the serum concentrations of IgG of about 50% and of IgM of at least 100% above the initial level was observed in the treated subjects in the time between day 35 and 5 months after the beginning of the experiment (p < 0.05). PMID- 7003670 TI - Organization of transcribed and nontranscribed chromatin. PMID- 7003669 TI - The microtubule cytoskeleton in normal and transformed cells in vitro. PMID- 7003672 TI - Dehydration therapy and hypotension in post-resuscitation cerebral oedema, and application of intra-ocular pressure measurement--a review of resuscitation work, part I. AB - The following issues in post-resuscitative cerebral oedema and hypotension were discussed: (1) the concept and importance of secondary cerebral oedema; (2) 'hypovolaemic' hypotension and cerebral oedema, aetiology, contradiction and treatment; (3) fluid intake control and dehydration effect; and (4) diuresis and mannitol-nephrosis. Although there is still no evidence to show that dehydration therapy directly plays a distinct role on the restoration of injured cerebral cells, we believe that prompt and effective dehydration treatment would be beneficial to the recovery of cerebral damage. In addition, the application of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurement as an indirect criterion of cerebral oedema and hypovolaemia was introduced. PMID- 7003671 TI - Visualization of transcriptional activity during xenopus iaevis oogenesis. PMID- 7003675 TI - [Painful ophthalmoplegia: Parker and Jackson tumour (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003673 TI - [Keys to success in the choice of tint]. PMID- 7003674 TI - Mechanism of action of antifungal drugs, with special reference to the imidazole derivatives. AB - Currently used antifungal drugs are distinct in terms of spectrum of activity, potency, therapeutic index, development of resistance, and mode of use. An important factor in the usefulnesss of a compound is the mechanism by which it attacks the structure and function of the fungal cell. The target organelles have been established for most antifungal drugs. Polyenes bind irreversibly to cell membranes. Alteration of the permeability of these structures precedes metabolic disruption and cell death. Griseofulvin deteriorates spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules, influencing cell division and outgrowth of hyphal tips. Flucytosine is deaminated to 5-fluorouracil, which is then phosphorylated and incorporated into RNA; protein synthesis is consequently impaired. A mechanism of action via inhibition of DNA synthesis is an alternative explanation. The imidazole derivatives inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the main sterol in membranes of fungi. These agents also affect the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. Changes in oxidative and peroxidative enzyme activities, leading to an intracellular buildup of toxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, may contribute to the observed deterioration of subcellular organelles and to cell necrosis. The imidazole derivatives inhibit the transformation of blastospores of Candida albicans into the invasive mycelial form. This inhibition probably facilitates the task of host defense cells and may be the principal factor leading to clearance of infection. PMID- 7003677 TI - [Psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 7003676 TI - ["Xenon 133 test" CBF under carotid compression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003678 TI - Simple new way to help anxious patients. PMID- 7003679 TI - [Pain reduction in peripheral arteriographies of the upper and lower extremities in a double blind test. Lidocain/ioglicinate versus metrizamide (author's transl)]. AB - 36 aortofemoral and 18 brachial angiographies effected under standardized conditions in a double blind test in approximately two equal parts with Lidocain/Ioglicinate and Metrizamide, respectively, were evaluated with regard to vascular pain and sensation of heat during the examination. With the femoralis angiograms reduction of vascular pain was on the average somewhat greater, although this could not be established statistically when using Metrizamide. In the case of the angiogram of the arm, pain was on the average equally low in both cases. Of the 14 patients who had received injections of both contrast media in varying succession at intervals of 20 minutes, 6 patients considered the Metrizamide injection to be more agreeable, whereas 2 preferred the Lidocain/Ioglicinate injection and 6 patients did not notice any significant difference. The average sensation of heat during contrast medium visualisation of the legs and arms was equal with both substances. Lidocain/Ioglicinate and Metrizamide are approximately equally well suited for peripheral angiography of arms and legs, rendering narcosis and strapping down of the extremities unneccessary in normal cases. PMID- 7003680 TI - [Quality of roentgenological visualization and tolerance of various intravenous cholegraphic contrast media (author's transl)]. AB - The recently introduced intravenous cholegraphic contrast media produce a greater diagnostic yield in radiological routine thanks to improved roentgenological contrasting. Whereas the percentage share of roentgenologically clearly assessable cases is about 75 % when using Biligrafin, this percentage is much higher with the more recent contrast media, especially Biliscopin, namely, up to 88 %. These new contrast media are also superior in respect of tolerance, since they produce fewer side effects. While side effects must be expected in about 28 % of the cases when injecting Biligrafin, the side effect quota is about 10 % only with Biliscopin or Endomirabil. If the contrast medium is infused instead of injected, the quota of side effect drops to 2.3 % with Biliscopin or 3.9 % with Endomirabil. Slight and medium side effects have definitely decreased with the more recent contrast media. The slower and more continually the contrast medium is administered, the fewer are the side effects observed; this becomes particularly noticeable in the case of long-term infusions. However, the likelihood of severe incidents caused by the contrast medium, remains unchanged at about 1 % of the examined patients, even with the more recently introduced contrast media. PMID- 7003682 TI - [Adrenergic agents. Synthesis, secretion and metabolism. Implications in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7003681 TI - [History and definitions, of antisepsis and disinfection. Their future. Current position on the problem]. PMID- 7003683 TI - [Methods of study of the in vivo activity of antiseptics]. PMID- 7003684 TI - [Lipids and thrombosis. Experimental and clinical achievements]. PMID- 7003685 TI - [Immunologic bullous dermatoses (autoimmune)]. PMID- 7003686 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis polyarthritis]. PMID- 7003687 TI - Negative middle ear pressure and hearing thresholds in secretory otitis media. A double-blind crossover study with Lunerin. AB - No significant effect of an oral decongestant (Lunerin: brompheniramine maleate and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride) can be shown in this study. Negative middle ear pressure, effusions in the middle ear and hearing threshold levels were evaluated in 26 cleft palate children over a 3 month period, applying a double-blind crossover method. Variations in middle ear pressure occurred in all patients during the trial. The shape of the tympanograms gave no information additional to the clinical evaluation. PMID- 7003688 TI - Some developmental neurobiological conditions seen in relation to the early habilitation of handicapped children. PMID- 7003689 TI - Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Relationships between changes in plasma water, electrolytes, insulin and catecholamines during attacks. PMID- 7003690 TI - Rate of angiotensin II generation within the human pulmonary vascular bed. AB - Plasma angiotensin II concentration gradients across the pulmonary vascular bed were measured during diagnostic renal venous/right heart catheterization in twenty-seven hypertensive patients with renal or renovascular disease. There was a linear correlation between the plasma angiotensin II concentration in mixed venous blood and in systemic arterial blood. The pulmonary angiotensin II production rate was measured in fourteen patients. This parameter was linearly correlated with plasma renin concentration in systemic arterial blood. The plasma clearance of angiotensin II across the systemic vascular bed varied from 0.7 to 1.71/min, i.e. within a fairly narrow range. PMID- 7003691 TI - Cardiovascular function and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in long distance runners during various training periods. AB - Blood pressure, heart rate, heart volume, electrocardiogram, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations were followed up in sixteen male long-distance runners during various training periods from January to September. During the most intense training period, the "track running' period, the athletes had significant increases in all measured parameters of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (R-A-A) system when compared to the seven control subjects. In the middle of this period the PRA and angiotensin II concentrations of the athletes had increased 1.9- and 1.5-fold, respectively, from the initial values. The plasma aldosterone concentration increased both in the athletes and in the control group. The systolic blood pressure of the athletes was slightly but significantly increased at the same period as the most marked changes in the R-A-A system were found. In the athletes, positive correlations were found between the relative heart volumes in the roentgenograms and the electrocardiographic signs for both right and left ventricular size. This study demonstrates that during intense training runners may have long-lasting temporary increases in systolic blood pressure level with parallel changes in the components of the R-A-A system. However, the reason for this slight increase in the systolic blood pressure remains unclear. PMID- 7003692 TI - Oral glucose increases urinary albumin excretion in normal subjects but not in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - An oral glucose load increased urinary albumin excretion significantly in six normal subjects (from a mean basal value of 4.6 microgram/min to 16.9 microgram/min at 30-90 min after oral glucose). Urinary excretion of beta-2 microglobulin did not change after oral glucose whereas urinary volume increased. Administration of the water vehicle did not increase albumin excretion. Oral glucose had no effect on urinary albumin excretion in six insulin-dependent diabetics. The effect of oral glucose was not identical to the changes observed after intravenous insulin because oral glucose urinary volume and did not change beta-2-microglobulin excretion whereas insulin decreased both parameters. PMID- 7003693 TI - Use of isotope dilution--mass spectrometry for accuracy control of different routine methods used in clinical chemistry. AB - Serum from patients was pooled, filtered, dispensed and frozen. The serum pool obtained was used for accuracy control in twenty-one participating laboratories in the Stockholm area. Mean values (state of art values) were obtained for creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, urea and uric acid. These values were compared with values obtained with highly accurate reference methods, based on isotope dilution--mass fragmentography. The most marked difference was found in the case of determination of creatinine. It is suggested that immediate access to such a well-defined human serum might decrease the need for conventional interlaboratory control programmes. PMID- 7003694 TI - Microcalorimetric measurement of production heat in isolated human adipocytes. AB - A method for the quantitative measurement of heat production in isolated human adipocytes is described. Fat cells are isolated by collagenase treatment of biopsy specimens of adipose tissue, and heat production measured by microcalorimetry. The heat effect was constant for at least 4 h. Heat values increased with increasing pH (about 6% per 0.1 pH unit) and temperature (about 9% per degrees C at 37 degrees C). The apparent activation energy was calculated as 44 kJ/mol. Heat production was about 50% higher in cell suspensions containing glucose and insulin. Imprecision was about 6.5% (coefficient of variation) and sensitivity allowed measurements in samples containing 20-30 mg adipocyte lipid. Heat production in normal volunteers under standardized conditions (i.e. in Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate buffer pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C and in the presence of 11 mmol/l glucose and 0.1 U/ml insulin) was 133 +/- 48 (mean +/- SD) microW/g adipocyte lipid weight, corresponding to 49 +/- 15 pW/cell. The technique seems of importance for the characterization of energy balance in the fat cell under normal and pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 7003695 TI - Correlation between marginal adaptation of composite resin restorations and bacterial growth in cavities. AB - The purpose of the present study was to correlate the marginal adaptation of composite fillings to the bacterial growth in the cavities. Forty-three cavities prepared in vivo on human third molars were acid etched and filled with the composite resin Concise. After 4 months the teeth were extracted and examined for marginal leakage along the restorations. After histologic preparation an average of 38 sections from each cavity were stained and investigated for bacteria on the cavity walls and in the exposed dentinal tubules. General marginal leakage was found in 14 of the restorations and bacterial growth in 12. For 35 of the 43 restorations there was a agreement between marginal leakage and bacterial growth (P = 0.0002). Based on the results it is concluded that bacteria in a cavity can be used as an indicator of marginal leakage along the restoration. PMID- 7003696 TI - Plaque inhibition and improved gingival condition by use of a stannous fluoride toothpaste. AB - The present study contains data from a 4-week clinical study where the effect of an experimental toothpaste containing 0.4% SnF2 on plaque and gingivitis was tested in a group of teenagers. The study was performed according to a double blind, cross-over design. It was shown that the SnF2 containing toothpaste reduced both plaque and gingivitis significantly compared to a placebo paste which contained no fluoride or stannous ions. PMID- 7003698 TI - The physiological implications of secretin. PMID- 7003697 TI - Correlation between tensile and bond strength of composite resins. AB - The purpose of the present work was to measure the bond strength of five composite resins (two microfilled and three conventional) to human etched enamel and to correlate the findings with previously published results on the tensile strength of the same resins. The two microfilled composites showed a significantly lower bond strength than the three conventional products. The coefficient of correlation between tensile and bond strength was 0.74. PMID- 7003699 TI - The relationship of gastric acid secretion to plasma glucose in five men. AB - Twelve-hour basal gastric acid collection (no. = 113) and insulin-stimulated acid studies (no. = 47) were obtained in five healthy male volunteers. Basal collections were obtained during infusion with intravenous saline, 5% glucose, or 15% glucose solutions. Various insulin dosages were used for the insulin studies. Thus, for each subject a hyperglycemic to hypoglycemic plasma glucose range was produced which could be related to acid output. In the normoglycemic range (110 to 57 mg/100 ml) a graded acid increase was noted in association with a graded reduction in plasma glucose. This suggests that physiological variations in plasma glucose influence acid secretion in man. PMID- 7003700 TI - Radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus chemotherapy in stages I and II Hodgkin's disease. A prospective, randomized study by the Danish National Hodgkin Study Group, LYGRA. AB - In a multi-centre study in which data from all Danish Hodgkin patients have been registered since 1971, all patients in supradiaphragmatic stages I or II, as confirmed by staging laparotomy, were randomized to either radiotherapy (RT) to supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymph node regions (total nodal irradiation, TNI), or RT to a mantle field followed by 6 cycles of MOPP combination chemotherapy (RT+CT). Interim results up to July 1979, when 237 patients had entered the study, showed a treatment failure rate of 19/117 in the TNI group and 4/120 in the RT+CT group (P less than 0.05). 19 of the 23 relapsing patients were under the age of 40, and 14 in the TNI group and 3 in the RT+CT group belonged to stage II. 13 patients had nodular sclerosis, 9 had mixed cellularity and 1 had lymphocytic predominance histology. 12 of 19 relapsing patients in the TNI group had hilar or mediastinal involvement as against 51 of the 117 patients in the entire group. Most of the TNI failures could be retreated, and as yet there is no difference in the overall survival. PMID- 7003701 TI - Antibodies in secondary syphilis against five of forty Reiter treponeme antigens. AB - More than forty water-soluble antigens were found in the Reiter treponeme by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using isolated and concentrated Ig from immunized rabbits. Five antigens reacted with antibodies in sera from selected patients with secondary syphilis, all having strong reactions in traditional tests for syphilis. No antibodies were found in selected healthy controls nonreactive in traditional syphilis tests. The five antigens represent available and potentially valuable antigens for development of new diagnostic syphilis tests. One of the antigens probably represents the axial filament. The findings open new possibilities for precise immunochemical studies of treponemes and of the immunology of syphilis. PMID- 7003704 TI - [Blast transformation test in whole blood]. PMID- 7003703 TI - Quantitative studies on antibiotic nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7003702 TI - Detection of squamous epithelial intercellular substance antigen(s) in Hassall's corpuscles of human and animal thymus. AB - Using pemphigus sera containing high titres (1:1000) of non-species-specific antibodies to tissue-specific intercellular substance (ICS) antigen(s) of cover stratified epithelia (skin, oesophagus, vagina and so forth), we detected analogous antigen(s) by immunofluorescence in the ICS of the epithelium of Hassall's corpuscles of human and animal thymus. The results obtained, together with well-known data from histological and embryological studies, confirm the histogenetic relationship of the epithelium of thymus corpuscles and cover epithelia of ectodermal origin. ICS antigen(s) is related to the series of hetero organic antigens, which probably take part in the natural immunological tolerance formation to the antigens of the organism's own tissues. PMID- 7003705 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the otorhinolaryngologic region and the gastrointestinal tract. Results, indications and radiotherapy technic]. PMID- 7003707 TI - Melanoma in the South-East of Scotland: a review. AB - A review was carried out of 129 patients with extraocular melanoma of the skin who were treated at Bangour General Hospital during the period 1968 to 1978 in order to compare our findings with those of earlier studies in the United Kingdom. The clinical features of our series were very similar to those of earlier studies but the impression is that the incidence since the war has been rising. This was confirmed with a sub-group of our patients in which the incidence in West Lothian increased by 52 per cent from the first to the second five-year period; this was statistically significant. One disturbing fact was that only 25 per cent of patients presented for treatment in less than six months from the onset of symptoms, suggesting that the danger of a pigmented lesion is not appreciated by the public. A health education programme is long overdue. PMID- 7003706 TI - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Emphasis on the long term course in 258 patients]. AB - Three typical clinical patterns can be distinguished based upon the experience with the long-term course in 258 cases of chronic relapsing pancreatitis. In chronic pancreatitis without local complications there is 1. an early phase, characterized by recurrent episodes of pancreatitis; 2. a late phase, characterized by the triad: absence of pain, severe global pancreatic insufficiency (diabetes/steatorrhea), and pancreatic calcifications (if any). 3. Local complications (e.g. pseudocysts) produce a different pattern characterized by persistent pain and the symptoms of the "pancreatitis tumor", which may cause many different complications such as cholostasis, gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal obstruction etc. Local complications are observed mainly in the early phase of the disease. Late symptoms such as diabetes, steatorrhea and calcifications indicate that the pancreatitis is virtually "burned out". The occurrence of late symptoms in the course of the disease varies individually. PMID- 7003708 TI - Infection after depressed fracture in the west of Scotland. AB - Of 216 compound depressed fractures of the skull seen between the years 1974 1978, nine (4%) became infected. This is significantly less than the 10% found in previous years. Efforts are being intensified to train primary surgeons, stressing the importance of immediate referral and early treatment. PMID- 7003709 TI - The Pattison-Miller quarrel. AB - An account is given of a bitter quarrel in 1817 between two of the attending surgeons at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The protagonists were Granville Sharp Pattison and Hugh Miller, the latter accusing the former of unprofessional conduct in the performance of two amputations. A committee of Enquiry was set up; Pattison was found to have been at fault in one of the operations, and was censured by the Infirmary's Board of Directors. The fracas has been reconstructed from two original hand-written documents: the Proceedings of the Committee of Enquiry and Pattison's Memorial of Exculpation. PMID- 7003710 TI - Insulin receptors: differences in structural organization on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes. AB - Comparison was made of the distribution of the insulin receptor sites on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes by using ferritin-insulin. Two-thirds of the occupied insulin receptors on adipocytes occurred in groups of two or more whereas up to two-thirds of the receptors on liver occurred as single receptors. Ferritin-insulin did not cause aggregation of the receptor sites in either tissue. The naturally occurring groups of receptors on adipocyte membranes may play a role in the greater sensitivity of adipocytes to insulin. PMID- 7003711 TI - Correction of enzyme deficiency in mice by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Enzyme deficiency was corrected in mice after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with occurrence of graft versus host disease. beta-Glucuronidase deficient C3H/HeJ mice were treated with total lymphoid irradiation. Normal bone marrow cells (30 X 10(6)) from BALB/c to C3H/HeJ chimeras (>90 percent circulating donor-type cells) without graft versus host disease. beta Glucuronidase activity increases to normal levels in all chimeras as measured in the liver and in the plasma. Activity was maintained throughout an observation period of 7 months. PMID- 7003714 TI - New niche for science on reference shelf. PMID- 7003713 TI - Identification of tissue-specific nuclear antigens transferred to nitrocellulose from polyacrylamide gels. AB - Nonhistone protein antigens resolved by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate were identified immunochemically after being transferred to nitrocellulose. Use of antiserum to dehistonized chromatin from Novikoff hepatoma revealed numerous protein antigens specific to the chromatin of Novikoff hepatoma in comparison to that of normal rat liver. PMID- 7003715 TI - Histopathologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7003716 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7003717 TI - Multiple primary cancers in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7003712 TI - Hormone binding alters the conformation of the insulin receptor. AB - Fat cells or fat cell membranes were briefly subjected to mild proteolysis under conditions where insulin receptors were either free or bound to (125)I-labeled insulin. When receptors were then affinity-labeled to visualize the effects of this treatment, it was observed that receptors that had been occupied by ligand during proteolysis exhibited greater rates of degradation than unoccupied receptors. These results demonstrate that insulin-receptor interaction induces a change in receptor structure that may be related to signal transmission. PMID- 7003719 TI - Congenital disorders of platelet function. PMID- 7003718 TI - Hodgkin's disease in children. PMID- 7003720 TI - Acquired disorders of platelet function. PMID- 7003721 TI - Diagnostic approach to mild bleeding disorders. PMID- 7003722 TI - The founding of the medical school in Singapore (Part I). PMID- 7003723 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 and 15(R)15 methyl PGE2 on duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7003724 TI - Toward National Health Insurance in the United States: an historical outline, 1910-1979. PMID- 7003725 TI - Zinc changes after renal allotransplantation. AB - In 72 patients the plasma zinc concentration and the urinary zinc excretion were studied immediately after renal allotransplantation and during a 7 1/2-year follow-up period. The plasma zinc concentration was below that of healthy control subjects during the first three weeks after transplantation (mean 39 microgram/dl) and returned to the control level within the subsequent four weeks. The urinary zinc excretion and correspondingly the urinary zinc/creatinine ratio (> 1.0 microgram/mg) were increased during the first week after transplantation. During the remainder of the observation period, both plasma and urinary zinc were within the control range. The observed changes parallel those reported after major operations. We could not detect any influence exerted by acute or chronic rejection, serious infection, or corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7003726 TI - Femoral neuropathy after renal transplantation. AB - We report nine cases of neuropathy occurring after renal transplantation, seven of them femoral and two lateral femoral cutaneous. The average time of onset of symptoms is 2.2 days after surgery. Quadriceps weakness, hypoesthesia, and abnormal results of EMG and nerve conduction studies are common and occur on the same side as the operation. The symptoms usually resolve within weeks, but motor and sensory changes can persist. The lesion is thought to be secondary to compression caused by a hematoma at the operative site. PMID- 7003727 TI - Venous extravasation of doxorubicin HCl with secondary skin ulceration. AB - With increased use of the potent anticancer drug doxorubicin HCl (Adriamycin), there are increasing numbers of reports of local severe tissue damage at the venous administration sites. I have described a 70-year-old woman in whom extravasation of this drug produced a characteristic indolent ulcer on the hand and wrist. Expectant nonoperative care was followed six weeks later by debridement and a split-thickness skin graft which failed to take. Repeat debridement with porcine grafts stimulated granulation tissue, so that split thickness skin grafting could give an acceptable functional and cosmetic result. PMID- 7003728 TI - Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis after oral ampicillin therapy for an unrelated disorder. AB - After oral therapy with ampicillin for an unrelated disorder, two patients developed gastroenteritis with an ampicillin-resistant strain of Shigella sonnei. Both patients recovered after treatment with antimicrobial agents to which the Shigella was susceptible by in vitro testing. PMID- 7003729 TI - Childhood allergy. AB - The practicing pediatrician is often expected to make informed recommendations concerning the role of dietary and environmental prophylaxis against childhood atopic diseases. These allergic conditions are commonly seen in general pediatric practice and may have a substantial adverse effect on the family. This review, prepared for pediatricians, presents an update on the role of immunology, genetics, infant feeding, environment, and infection in the development of childhood atopic diseases. PMID- 7003731 TI - Joseph Bell, MD, FRCS--Mr. Sherlock Holmes? PMID- 7003730 TI - Aspirin: four score and more. AB - Pain is a tax levied on man for the privilege of life upon this planet. Some are taxed lightly and others are taxed heavily, but all are taxed. To relieve this stress, from time immemorial man has taken analgesics. In modern times, if home medication fails, professional consultation is available. The important question is the choice of an analgesic. The advantage appears to lie with aspirin because it especially evokes relief of pain caused by inflammation. PMID- 7003732 TI - DF-2 septicemia after splenectomy: epidemiology and immunologic response. AB - A case of DF-2 infection in an adult with septicemia, renal failure, and diffuse purpuric lesions with clotting abnormalities is presented. The patient had had splenectomy four years before, and had recently sustained a dog bite, both characteristics of previously reported infections caused by this gram-negative organism. Examination of the patient's immunologic response by the indirect fluorescent antibody technic revealed no IgM response and a significant IgG response. We found a positive serum titer in the patient's wife, who had been bitten by the same dog in the past. The presence of serum antibody to this organism may not be protective against subsequent exposure. PMID- 7003733 TI - Osteomyelitis of the pubis. PMID- 7003734 TI - A study on vectors of Bancroftian filariasis in West Flores, Indonesia. AB - A brief survey was conducted in a filariaendemic village of Robek, West Flores, Indonesia, to identify the mosquito fauna, to determine the vector of W. bancrofti, and to update information on the bionomics of An. subpictus. A total of 6 genera and 22 species were collected. Five species of culicines collected, have not been previously recorded from Flores. Dissections of wild caught mosquitoes consisted of 592 anophelines, and 70 culicines did not reveal any filarial infection. An. subpictus was a potential vector of bancroftian filariasis in the Robek area, as 11.3% of this species that fed on carriers were found to harbour W. bancrofti larvae. Larvae of An. subpictus were collected in lagoons, rice fields, swamps and ground pools. Breeding sites are exposed to sunlight, contain fresh or brackish water, with or withour vegetation. They have been found primarily associated with An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, Cx. vishnui and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. The time for a female to become fully engorged with human blood is 3-10 minutes. This species is a night biter, attacking man and animals from twilight to dawn. Its peak of biting activity is between 0100-0300 hrs. PMID- 7003735 TI - Effect of a single dose of primaquine on a Thai strain of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A single dose of 45 mg of primaquine base was effective in the elimination of gametocytes of the possibly chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Thailand. The gametocyte counts decreased markedly within 3.5 days showing significantly difference from the control in which mostly gametocytes still remain within 11.4 days. The development of the gametocytes in A. dirus was not observed after treatment. Primaquine can be used as gametocytocide and sporontocide for falciparum malaria in Thailand if the drug is administered when matured gametocytes appeared in the peripheral blood. PMID- 7003736 TI - [Participation of the world medical community in the fight for peace and disarmament]. PMID- 7003737 TI - [S. V. Kurashov, outstanding Soviet public health figure]. PMID- 7003738 TI - [Decembrists and the progressive medical community of Russia]. PMID- 7003741 TI - [Social activities of P. F. Lesgaft]. PMID- 7003739 TI - [Activities of physicians in the 1st half of the 19th century on the territory of modern Udmurtia]. PMID- 7003740 TI - [D. K. Zabolotnyi's activities in Kamenets-Podol'ski (1894-1895)]. PMID- 7003742 TI - [Role of I. P. Frank in the development of higher medical education in Russia]. PMID- 7003743 TI - [50th anniversary of the Central Order of Lenin Institute of Higher Medical Education]. PMID- 7003744 TI - [Triumph of Lenin's ideas in public health]. PMID- 7003745 TI - [Smoking and its effect on health]. PMID- 7003746 TI - [History of the development of the system for higher medical education in the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7003747 TI - [Physicians who attended I.N. Ul'ianov's family (Lenin)]. PMID- 7003748 TI - [D.P. Sinopeus's book "Parerga Medica"]. PMID- 7003749 TI - [Trimecaine in the therapy of cardiac rhythm disorders]. PMID- 7003750 TI - [Immunological aspects of endocrine sterility]. PMID- 7003752 TI - [Current aspects of immunology]. PMID- 7003753 TI - [Development of cardiology in the papers of scientists of Central Institute for Physician Postgraduate Training (on the 50th anniversary of the Central Institute for Physician Postgraduate Training)]. PMID- 7003751 TI - [Acute pnuemonias caused by conditionally pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 7003755 TI - [Lyell's syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis]. PMID- 7003754 TI - [Mechanisms of the development of pulmonary emphysema in smokers]. PMID- 7003756 TI - [Clinical significance of myoglobin level in determinations in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7003757 TI - [Cleansing of the bronchial tree in treating chronic inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 7003758 TI - [Multiple bullae formation in a patient with SLE (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003760 TI - [Collagen structure and diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003759 TI - [Metabolism of collagen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7003763 TI - The Department of Surgery, University of the Orange Free State--the first decade. PMID- 7003762 TI - The perioperative management of diabetes. PMID- 7003761 TI - [The treatment of septic laparotomy wound disruption]. PMID- 7003766 TI - Leipoldt the paediatrician. PMID- 7003764 TI - Psychiatric aspects of labour and the puerperium. AB - The psychiatric complications occurring during the three stages of labour are described, together with those factors which predispose to delivery-room complications or abnormalities. The predisposing factors include conflicts in relation to feminine identity, repressed traumatic experiences during the early stages of psychosexual development, adverse social, educational and economic situation, and excessive fear and anxiety, particularly in the absence of support from the husband. The triad of fear-tension-pain, the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors, and the methods utilized to reduce both anxiety and fear are discussed. The interrelation between environmental, hormonal and psychological manifestations in the postpartum period is briefly described, with specific emphasis on depression. PMID- 7003765 TI - Insulin, glucagon and liver regeneration. AB - Partially hepatectomized rats receiving intragastric amino acids synthesize less DNA than similar rats receiving intragastric water alone. In the present study insulin and glucagon levels were measured in rats receiving amino acids or water alone. In both groups of rats insulin levels were depressed and glucagon levels elevated. These findings suggest that insulin and glucagon do not play a major role in the regulation of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. PMID- 7003768 TI - Leipoldt the editor. PMID- 7003769 TI - Leipoldt the physician. PMID- 7003767 TI - [Leipoldt as a doctor]. PMID- 7003772 TI - The rise and fall of general anaesthesia in the dental chair. PMID- 7003770 TI - On collecting Caruso recordings. PMID- 7003771 TI - Hypnosis with etomidate during total intravenous anaesthesia. AB - Etomidate (Hypnomidate; Ethnor) in an alcoholic solution was used as the hypnotic component of a technique of total intravenous anaesthesia in an open pilot evaluation in 50 patients undergoing surgery. No anaesthetic gases were used. Despite cardiovascular stability, lack of respiratory depression and a short awakening time, unwanted movements by the patients made total intravenous anaesthesia with this technique unsatisfactory. PMID- 7003773 TI - Failure of the Treponema pallidum immobilization test to provide additional diagnostic information about contemporary problem sera. AB - Two hundred forty-five sera submitted to the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., (CDC) were analyzed serologically in an attempt to demonstrate the diagnostic value of the Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test when performed in addition to the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-Abs) test. Diagnoses for the patients whose sera were tested were based on information supplied by the referring physicians. Fifty-four per cent of the diagnostic problems were resolved merely by the finding of a negative result with the FTA Abs test. There was agreement between the serologic results of the referring laboratory and those of the CDC for 76% of sera tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and for 71% of sera tested by the FTA-Abs test. For patients with treponemal disease, the sensitivity of the TPI test was 56% and that of the FTA-Abs test was 78%. When the FTA-Abs test was reactive, a negative TPI test was not significantly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (P > 0.6) or other collagen vascular disease (P > 0.6), nor was a positive TPI test associated with treponemal disease (P > 0.09). It is concluded that once the result of the FTA-Abs test is known, the TPI test does not provide additional diagnostic information. PMID- 7003774 TI - The humoral immune response in rabbits infected with Treponema pallidum: Comparison of antibody levels measured by the staphylococcal protein A-IgG (SPA TP) microassay with VDRL, FTA-Abs, and TPI antibody responses during the development of acquired resistance to challenge. AB - The ontogeny of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune response in experimental syphilis was determined by use of an antitreponemal microassay (SPA-TP) in which radioiodinated staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was used. Results were compared with those obtained in the same rabbits by use of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-Abs), and Treponema pallidium immobilization (TPI) tests. Of the four serologic tests, only the SPA-TP and TPI assays gave results that correlated significantly over the entire 17-month period of infection. Preliminary evidence indicated that the antibody detected by the SPA-TP microassay may correlate quantitatively with the state of host immunity as determined by in vivo challenge; if this finding is confirmed, the SPA-TP microassay could be applied for assessment of the immune status in syphilis. PMID- 7003776 TI - Selection of wild-type revertants from methotrexate-resistant cells containing an altered dihydrofolate reductase. AB - A selection system for wild-type revertants from methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells is described. In the absence of exogenous thymidine, cells use the folate metabolic pathway to generate thymidine 5'-monophosphate from deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate. Thus, in the presence of methotrexate, the incorporation of labeled deoxyuridine into phenotypic wild-type cells is inhibited whereas resistant cells that are cycling incorporate sufficient radioactivity to be killed. Using several suicide cycles, wild-type revertants have been isolated from methotrexate-resistant cells containing a structurally altered dihydrofolate reductase. These revertants possess a wild-type sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of the drug and contain a reductase with similar properties as wild-type enzyme. PMID- 7003778 TI - The danger of stating an opinion or the hazards of going on record. PMID- 7003775 TI - Wagner von Jauregg and the treatment of general paresis by fever. PMID- 7003777 TI - Reduced morbidity with posterior surgical approach for pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy. AB - Bilateral nephrectomy is indicated prior to transplantation for selected patients with endstage renal disease. Bilateral posterior surgical incisions have been used to perform this operation upon 45 patients. Postoperatively, there were no deaths, and a single minor complication occurred. These results were compared with 331 transperitoneal bilateral nephrectomies performed at this institution. The posterior surgical approach has proved superior in permitting bilateral nephrectomy to be performed with a more rapid recovery period for the patient and with diminished morbidity. PMID- 7003780 TI - Vitreous base classification of retinal tears: clinical application. AB - The abundant data about retinal tears has shown that they are prevalent in the general population and that the vast majority of retinal tears do not lead to retinal detachment. What remains to be clarified are the criteria for identifying the few retinal breaks which require prophylactic surgery to prevent their progression to retinal detachment. Numerous reports have identified clinical features which correlate with the risk the retinal detachment. These correlative data offer at best only a suggestion about the need for treatment of any specific retinal break. This paper-demonstrates how the categorization of a retinal tear on the basis of vitreoretinal anatomic detail may be used clinically to make an objective and nonstatistical judgment about the prognosis of any specific retinal break. The application of this new categorization offers an advance in the care of patients with retinal tears. PMID- 7003781 TI - Diagnostic techniques in multiple sclerosis. AB - Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has been an area of great interest and effort in numerous scientific disciplines, its etiology, pathogenesis and therapy remain mysterious. Perhaps the most significant advances have resulted from the ability to be more precise in establishing the diagnosis of MS. Among the most important of the new diagnostic tools are electrophysiological techniques for examination of the visual and oculomotor systems. Tests such as the visually evoked potential (VEP) can confirm the existence of clinically suspected lesions and document the presence of asymptomatic ones. Various electrophysiological techniques for detection and evaluation of MS, as well as CSF analysis, psychological and neuroradiological procedures, and immunological observations are described. The relationship between optic neuritis and MS is reviewed, as are therapeutic regimens in use and under study. PMID- 7003782 TI - Presidential address: vascular surgery--reflections of the past three decades. PMID- 7003779 TI - In memoriam. Peter Clemens Kronfeld, M.D. 1899-1980. PMID- 7003783 TI - Letters of William Halsted and Rene Leriche: "Our friendship seems so deep". AB - The friendship of William Halsted and Rene Leriche is little appreciated in the annals of surgery. Although Halsted was Leriche's senior by almost 30 years, they enjoyed a relationship on both professional and surprisingly personal levels. Halsted's sincere concern for his younger French colleague was manifested by a constant fostering of Leriche's surgical research and creative ideas. Leriche was to become a life-long admirer of Halsted's surgical philosophies. He often stated that a 3-day visit with Halsted in 1913 persuaded him to stop considering surgery as a purely clinical and technical subject. During their 10-year relationship, extensive correspondence was maintained. This article will explore their friendship through analysis of their personal letters, recently found in the archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Written in French, they remained undisturbed for 65 years. Their present translation into English represents the first time they have been published. Vascular surgery was the major topic of discussion. Included among the many topics are surgical management of aneurysmal disease, utilization of sympathectomy, and investigations into physiologic effects of arterial ligation. In addition, many aspects of the savagery of World War I, as encountered by Leriche at the French front, and Halsted's views on various events of the conflict, are chronicled. The letters reveal a deep and abiding association between the two men which is of interest because Halsted shared his nonsurgical life with very few younger men. Their insight into specific areas of experimental surgery and ideas about various medical problems and other medical personalities are recounted. PMID- 7003784 TI - Preliminary experience with prostaglandins E1 and I2 in peripheral vascular disease. AB - Severe extremity ischemia frequently cannot be relieved by surgical means and failure of current drug therapy may then result in prolonged disability or amputation. Prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and I2 (prostacyclin, PGI2) are potent vasodilators and inhibitors of platelet aggregation which have been reported to be of value in the treatment of peripheral ischemia. Nineteen patents with severe extremity ischemia and one with vasculitic leg ulceration were treated on 25 occasions by intravascular infusion of PGE1 or PGI2 for 72 to 96 hours. Causes of ischemia were arteriosclerosis, Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary), Buerger's disease, and "trash" foot. Prolonged pain relief and promotion of tissue healing occurred mainly in patents with patent proximal axial arteries. Patency of the superficial femoral artery was associated with a good clinical response in eight of nine cases of foot ischemia, and mean hallux temperature rose 4.6 +/- 2.5 degrees C. In contrast, occlusion of the artery was associated with failure in eight of nine cases, and hallux temperature rose 0.6 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees C. PGE1 or PGI2 administered intravenously may be the treatment of choice for severe ischemia in distal arteriopathy, although the exact mechanisms by which these prostaglandins act are far from clear. PMID- 7003786 TI - [What was the matter with Florence Nightingale?]. PMID- 7003787 TI - [Diseases in a dermatologic department and outpatient clinic. 4. Treatment of ulcus cruris a complicated and time-consuming business]. PMID- 7003785 TI - [What was wrong with Florence Nightingale?]. PMID- 7003788 TI - [From the nurses' action field within the World Health Organization, WHO: this slight person from among nurse pioneers in world health activities (Mary Abbott)]. PMID- 7003789 TI - [Current theories on the role of hyperuricemia as one of the risk factors in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7003790 TI - [Splenectomy in myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7003791 TI - [Possibilities for using peripheral vasodilator agents in cardiac asthma and threatened pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7003793 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome in mice: maternal variables. AB - CBA, C3H, and C57 female mice maintained on a diet of 20 percent ethanol-derived calories prior to and throughout gestation were mated in a diallele cross. Prenatal death, malformations, and fetal weights were directly related to maternal blood alcohol levels, indicating a maternal effect. Fetal abnormalities and maternal blood alcohol levels varied with maternal strain (CBA > C3H > C57) and were inversely related to maternal alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Microsomal ethanol oxidizing systems induction was directly associated with increased fetal abnormalities, being greatest in CBA females. These results indicate that liability for the pattern of malformation observed in this syndrome is dependent on maternal blood alcohol levels, which are determined by the rate of maternal alcohol metabolism as well as the amount of maternal alcohol consumption. PMID- 7003792 TI - Gene-teratogen interaction in insulin-induced mouse exencephaly. AB - Heterozygotes for the mutant genes crooked (Cd) or rib fusion (Rf), crossed to either strain A/J or SWV produce mutant F1 offspring with minor skeletal defects. If the mothers are also treated with teratogenic doses of insulin, the mutant F1 heterozygotes develop exencephaly significantly more often than nonmutants. That the heterozygous mutant gene increased the embryo's sensitivity to insulin induced exencephaly was also demonstrated by dose-response curves. For A/J and SWV crosses, probit regression lines for the mutant crosses were fitted to common slopes that were significantly different from those of probit regression lines for the nonmutant crosses. The nonparallelism of the mutant versus the nonmutant groups of lines indicated the presence of a gene-teratogen interaction. Early exencephalic embryos showed delayed turning in one-third of treated mutant crosses and less than a quarter of treated nonmutant crosses. Another one-third of exencephalics, in treated mutant crosses only, had abnormally twisted hindbodies and appeared to be phenocopies of untreated homozygotes. Insulin treatment significantly slowed the rates of embryo turning and neural tube closure but did not affect somite number. Histologically, insulin did not appear to cause cell death, and mitotic index of mesoderm was unaffected. Only exencephalic embryos showed a significant reduction in neurectoderm mitotic index. Insulin caused a reduction in neurectoderm cell proliferation, delay in pattern of turning and delay in neural tube closure to the greatest extent in exencephalic embryos. It was postulated that extensive delays in turning could provide a mechanical basis for the failure of the neural tube to close. PMID- 7003794 TI - The challenges of teratology. AB - Teratology has its origins in the descriptive anatomy of malformed humans. Although the term now has much wider connotations, the first challenge of teratology is to recognise its purpose as a science related to a human problem. The wider connotations inevitably mean the involvement of increasing numbers of disciplines, each with its own language and limitations, but each with a unique contribution to make. The second challenge of teratology is therefore to establish and expand communications between these disciplines. The third challenge is teratogenesis, which requires a rather more profound consideration of the nature of causation than a simple cause-and-effect relationship. At the same time as looking back from consequences to causes, we must look forward from the causes to alternative consequences. The affinity of teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis constitutes the fourth challenge. The fifth challenge brings us back to humans, and lies in the relationships between scientists working within the field of teratology, and industry, the law, the media, and the public at large. PMID- 7003795 TI - Hypothesis; overdistention of the neural tube may cause anomalies of non-neural organs. AB - This hypothesis is offered by a neurological surgeon interested in anomalies of the central nervous system. It is based on accumulating evidence indicating that some neural tube defects result not from failure of the tube to close but from its rupture after closure. The central nervous system, serving all organs, is the first to develop and its maldevelopment may cause damage to other emerging structures. The neural tube closes during the fourth week and is immediately distended by a proteinaceous neural tube fluid (NTF) secreted by its lining cells at a pressure four to five times that of the surrounding amniotic fluid. This NTF has been miscalled "cerebrospinal fluid." The choroid plexus does not begin to secrete true cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) until 2 weeks later. If oversecretion of NTF should occur during this 2-week interval, the resulting overexpansion of the neural tube may spread apart the developing somite, eventuating in a combination of anterior and posterior spina bifida that constitutes bilateral hemivertebrae. If the distending neural tube ruptures beneath intact cutaneous ectoderm, the escaping NTF will infiltrate mesoderm. The resulting dislocation of cells and their possible injury by the extraneous protein may damage the as yet unidentifiable anlagen of mesodermal organs. If neural tube overdistention splits the underlying notochord and damages primitive gut, anomalies of entodermal organs may result. The neuroenteric cyst is one such anomaly that the neurosurgeon is called upon to treat. He finds it accompanied by hemivertebrae and hydromyelia. A preliminary report on this hypothesis has been published (Gardner and Breuer, '80). PMID- 7003797 TI - Effect of an inhaled antihistamine on exercise-induced asthma. AB - The ability of the H1 receptor antagonist clemastine to prevent exercise-induced asthma (EIA) has been studied in 10 adult asthmatic subjects. Exercise was performed for eight minutes on a cycle ergometer on two occasions on each of two days. The first test each day was without premedication and the second was preceded by inhalation of 0.05% clemastine or saline placebo given single blind in random order. Ventilatory function was assessed by serial measurements of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). All four tests for each patient were closely matched in terms of oxygen uptake and total ventilation which were monitored throughout exercise. The response to exercise after clemastine or placebo has been compared both directly and in terms of the degree of protection afforded against EIA compared with the initial test on the same day. Clemastine was significantly better than placebo for both PEFR and FEV1. All 10 subjects had less EIA after clemastine, which suggests an important role for histamine in its production. Other mechanisms may also be involved to a variable degree in different individuals. PMID- 7003796 TI - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. AB - We described three cases of eosinophilic pneumonia of unknown aetiology investigated clinically and by lung biopsy. The illnesses lasted between six and 20 weeks and consisted of cough, dyspnoea, malaise, and in two cases prolonged pyrexia. All had blood eosinophilia and chest radiographs showing widespread bilateral shadowing; in two cases this had a characteristic peripheral distribution. One patient recovered spontaneously and the other two responded to steroids, with disappearance of pyrexia within 12 hours and radiological clearing within 14 days. Lung function tests during the acute illness showed volume restriction or gas transfer defects or both in two cases. After remission all three showed abnormalities if small airways function. Lung biopsies performed during the acute illness were examined histologically and by transmission electron microscopy, and in two cases by immunofluorescence. There was both intra alveolar and interstitial eosinophilic pneumonia with bronchiolitis obliterans, microgranulomata, and a vasculitis. Electron microscopy showed numerous eosinophils, many degranulated, and macrophages with phagocytosed eosinophilic granules and intracytoplasmic inclusions. In one case IgM, IgG, and IgA were demonstrated in the bronchial walls and interstitium. No IgE or complement was present. We believe that eosinophil granules are responsible for the tissue damage and fever and suggest mechanisms for this and for the response to steroid therapy. PMID- 7003800 TI - Prostaglandin release and the interaction of platelets with the pulmonary vasculature of rat and guinea pig. PMID- 7003801 TI - Prostacyclin infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in man. PMID- 7003798 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibits the enhancement of granulocyte adhesion to Cuprophane induced by immunoglobulin G. PMID- 7003799 TI - Preparation of bovine prethrombin 2: use of Acutin and activation with prothrombinase or Ecarin. PMID- 7003802 TI - Prevention of infarction-induced decrease in circulating platelet count by prostacyclin. PMID- 7003803 TI - Rapid radioimmunoassay of human fibrinopeptide A - removal of cross-reacting fibrinogen with bentonite. PMID- 7003805 TI - A plasma factor in uraemia which stimulates prostacyclin release from cultured endothelial cells. PMID- 7003807 TI - [Hormonal and metabolic changes in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7003806 TI - Heparin-prostacyclin interactions: heparin does not modify the prostacyclin induced relaxation of coronary vasculature. PMID- 7003804 TI - Decreased vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) in diabetic rats. Stimulation of PGI2 release in normal and diabetic rats by the antithrombotic compound Bay g 6575. PMID- 7003808 TI - A bibliography on ticks and tick-borne diseases in the countries of the Benelux (1567-1978). AB - Information published between 1567 and 1978 on this subject contains at least 223 titles. They cover medical and veterinary as well as biological aspects. Full bibliographical details of the publication are given. A subject index (to tick species, host species, and diseases transmitted) increases the availability of the data included. Some of the more interesting results of the study are discussed in a short introduction. PMID- 7003809 TI - [STudies on the likelihood of growth of Streptococcus faecium following thermal treatment in meat suspensions (author's transl)]. AB - A number of strains of enterococci was isolated from pasteurized meat products. Two variants of Streptococcus faecium (E1 and E20) took part in the present study. Using these organisms, heating tests in suspensions of pork (sealed plastic pouches) were performed. Mixtures of ingredients ('preparation of cooked ham') were added in the majority of experiments. Dextrose was replaced by sorbitol in one experiment, by glycyrrhizin in another. Following thermal treatment at 68.9 degrees C (various heating times), duplicate pouches were incubated at 8 and 37 degrees C. When the mixture of ingredients were added to the meat suspension, thermoresistance of the test strains was found to increase markedly. For E20, D 68.9 degrees C values of 63 and 2.5 min were measured respectively in the systems with or without ingredients (pH 6.3 in both cases). When dextrose was replaced by one or by the two other sweeteners, the levels of thermoresistance did not show any changes. During incubation at 37 degrees C, the surviving cells almost invariably grew to high counts; however similar results were not observed at 8 degrees C. At this temperature a decrease in viable counts during five months' storage was recorded; this was particularly the case with longer periods of heating. On growth of Streptococcus faecium in the presence of dextrose, the pH of the meat suspension decreased from 6.3 to 4.7-4.9. As a result, the residual nitrite fell to very low levels. These phenomena were not observed in the experiments in which dextrose was replaced by the other sweeteners. PMID- 7003810 TI - [Professor G. Wagenaar retires]. PMID- 7003811 TI - [Development of the nursing profession in the Netherlands. II. Attitude and behavior of nurses in the relationship with physicians in 1800 and 1900]. PMID- 7003812 TI - Treatment of malignant hypertension with infusion of sodium chloride; a case report and a review. PMID- 7003814 TI - Ralph D. Lillie, 1896-1979. PMID- 7003813 TI - Formation of mutagenic derivatives from nitrite and two primary amines. AB - Sodium nitrite and two primary aromatic amines, viz. amino antipyrine (AAP) and aniline, were preincubated in vitro with human gastric juice. The resulting derivatives -- presumably diazonium salts -- were directly mutagenic in the Salmonella test. The mutagenic response was more pronounced in the case of AAP, while toxic effects narrowed the range of activity of the aniline derivative. These patterns are consistent with the findings of independent colorimetric analyses, showing that the AAP derivative is more stable at 37 degrees C than the aniline derivative. PMID- 7003815 TI - Separation of epoxy-embedded cell cultures from plastic flasks for electron microscopy. AB - Monolayers of cells grown in ordinary plastic flasks are fixed and embedded "in situ" into Epon. When polymerized at 40 C for 4 days instead of the usual 60 C, the Epon sheet containing the cells is easily detached from the bottom of the plastic container. The Epon sheet is observed by light microscopy as a histological preparation. Ultrathin sectioning of preselected areas can then be carried out in a horizontal plane. PMID- 7003816 TI - A simple manifold system for multiple electron microscopy preparations of filtered specimens. PMID- 7003817 TI - [Use of an immunofluorescence method for determining the species and group affiliation of isolated cells]. PMID- 7003818 TI - [Establishing the presence of sperm by a cytological method]. PMID- 7003819 TI - [New literature on forensic medicine]. PMID- 7003820 TI - Biogenesis of ribosomes in eukaryotes. PMID- 7003822 TI - Biogenesis of peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. PMID- 7003823 TI - The subcellular biochemistry of thyroid. AB - In this review the subcellular localization of enzymes and constituents in thyroid is discussed. Conditions and results of differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation studies are described with special attention to the validity of the markets used (Table VI). Special approaches to the isolation and characterization of thyroid organelles and membranes are extensively reviewed (Table VII). Subcellular fractionation of thyroid tissue has been shown to be an arduous task. Classic approaches for differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation, which have been proved successful for rat liver, are not always equally satisfactory for thyroid. The major problem is the toughness of the tissue requiring rather traumatizing homogenizing procedures. Nevertheless, the fractionation procedures did allow the subcellular localization of some enzymes and constituents to be established with a high degree of certainty. Furthermore, enriched subcellular fractions have been isolated which have been useful for biochemical studies concerning the specific function of this tissue. PMID- 7003821 TI - Aspects of the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis. PMID- 7003825 TI - The role of ribonucleic acids in the organization and functioning of ribosomes of E. coli. PMID- 7003829 TI - Children with cancer: their perceptions of the health care experience. PMID- 7003828 TI - Breathing, holism, and health. PMID- 7003827 TI - The relationship between alloantigen responses in nude mice injected with a low number of congenic thymus cells. AB - BALB/c-nu mice were injected with 10(6) normal congenic thymocytes. This number of cells permits only partial reconstitution and in individual mice some functions were restored and others were not. The relationships between the functions of skin graft rejection, circulating alloantibody production and the ability to generate, in vitro, cytotoxic T cells were studied with regard to the strains CBA and C57BL/6. PMID- 7003830 TI - On the longevity and behaviour of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis transfused to laboratory rodents. AB - Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia pahangi, which were inoculated into Meriones unguiculatus and Mastomys natalensis respectively, were found in the peripheral blood of the rodents until the ninth day after infection, but no microfilarial periodicity was observed. Microfilariae of W. bancrofti disappeared much faster from the peripheral blood of jirds after reinfection than after the first inoculation. Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis inoculated into M. natalensis and laboratory mice were recovered in the peripheral blood until the 17th day after infection and remained infective to mosquitoes. For the first few days the microfilarial periodicity observed in the rodents was similar to that observed in the donor dog, but then reversed. PMID- 7003824 TI - The molecular organization of NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 7003826 TI - In vitro effects of thymosin, testosterone and growth hormone on antibody formation in murine spleen cells. AB - The action of growth hormone and testosterone on the immunological activity of thymosin is reported. We have found that growth hormone can significantly stimulate antibody production, as thymosin fraction 5, and that testosterone is inhibitory at high concentrations. PMID- 7003831 TI - Separation and comparative immunoassay (DASS, ELISA) with antigens from adult Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Antigenic fractions were prepared from adult Schistosoma mansoni by homogenization and solubilization in phosphate buffer, and subsequent separation on Ultrogel AcA-44. The fractions were tested for antigenicity in two immunodiagnostic techniques, the defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS) system, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using serum from schistosomiasis patients. The results obtained in the two tests correspond to each other. Sera from 25 patients with proven schistosomiasis were tested with ELISA, using the antigen fractions. For all sera tested, the titres obtained, were dependent on the antigen fraction used. However, areas of high antigenicity were different for different sera. Antigens with molecular weight lower than 60,000, gave negative results for about 30% of the sera but those with molecular weight higher than 60,000 gave positive results for all sera. For about 60% of the sera, the sensitivity of ELISA increased when antigens of increasing molecular weight were used. Cross reactions with two other helminth infections occurred mainly with high molecular weight antigens. PMID- 7003832 TI - Contrasting epidemiology of shigellae dysenteriae and shigellae flexneri, Dacca. PMID- 7003837 TI - Annotated bibliography of paleopathology: 1970-1979. Part III, K-S. PMID- 7003834 TI - Adaptation of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to the intact squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 7003836 TI - Legionnaires' disease: a new awareness. PMID- 7003835 TI - The changing idea of a medical specialty. The Kate Hurd-Mead Lecture. PMID- 7003833 TI - IgM antibody to filarial antigens in human cord blood: possibility of transplacental infection. AB - In a hospital in Sri Lanka, antifilarial antibody in maternal and umbilical cord blood was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radio-immunoassay. Anti-filarial antibody was detected in 18 of 340 cord blood samples. Specific IgM antibody was detected in 12 cord blood samples. The foetal IgM antibody was probably in response to a transplacental transfer of filarial antigens. The exposure of the foetus to filarial antigens might be beneficial, increasing resistance to infection, or detrimental by inducing at least partial tolerance. PMID- 7003838 TI - Sherrington, His Life and Thought. PMID- 7003839 TI - Memoir of M. Prince Brigham (1923-1980). PMID- 7003840 TI - Memoir of Robert John Hunter (1882-1980). PMID- 7003841 TI - Evaluation of citrate flushing solution using the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The isolated rat kidney perfused at 37 C with dialyzed bovine serum albumin (6.5 g/100 ml) in Krebs-Henseleit buffer was used to examine why a hypertonic citrate flush permits rapid recovery of renal function after storage. The composition of the original hyperosmolar citrate solution was varied so that the roles of osmolality, magnesium, and citrate could be evaluated. All kidneys were flushed with the test solutions and stored for 24 hr in the test solutions at 0 C. The citrate flushing solution requires both the citrate anion and magnesium for efficacy. Hyperosmolality does not enhance its action, an isosmolar solution is more effective. Citrate can be replaced by a nonmetabolizable analogue, tricarballylate, if the solution is suitably buffered. The mechanism of action of citrate is still uncertain, it does not seem primarily to act as a metabolic fuel or inhibitor. PMID- 7003842 TI - Modification of in vitro and in vivo immune function by acute inflammatory cells. AB - The ability of adoptively transferred, syngeneic polymorphonuclear leukocyte-rich (PMNLr) inflammatory cells to influence lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and skin allograft survival was studied in a murine model. BALB/c mouse PMNLr, stimulated by i.p. injection of either glycogen (G/PMNLr) or thioglycollate (T/PMNLr), were transferred to other BALB/c mice at the time of primary or secondary immunization with a cellular alloantigen (C57BL/6 spleen cells) or after skin allografting (C57BL/6 tailskin). The metabolic activity of each PMNLr population was determined by measuring glucose utilization in the hexose monophosphate shunt. It appeared that metabolic activity of the T/PMNLr was significantly greater than that of the G/PMNLr. Our results indicate that, while the infusion of G/PMNLr tended to suppress the primary cell-mediated immune response and the secondary humoral immune response, the infusion of T/PMNLr stimulated both of these responses. Furthermore, i.p. infusion of mice with G/PMNLr at a time approximating grafting resulted in prolonged graft survival, but neither T/PMNLr nor syngeneic thymocytes effect graft survival. Our data demonstrate that both cellular and humoral immunity can be modified by acute inflammatory cells. The metabolic status of the acute inflammatory cells seems to be critical in determining their immunoregulatory potential. PMID- 7003843 TI - Experimental assessment of prostacyclin in the harvesting of kidneys for transplantation. AB - Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation yet discovered. A possible role for prostacyclin in the harvesting of kidneys in experimental canine transplantation has been investigated. Prostacyclin gives a 52.6% increase in renal blood flow prenephrectomy despite inducing a 23% drop in mean arterial blood pressure, without changing the rate of urine output. There is an associated drop in renal vascular resistance of 50.2% and an increase in renal blood volume of 25%. The value of heparin treatment before donor nephrectomy is confirmed as it improves the flow of flushing solution through the kidney after nephrectomy and improves red blood cell washout from the kidney. Prostacyclin and heparin together improve these parameters further. After a warm ischemic period of 45 min, autotransplanted kidneys in dogs pretreated with prostacyclin had normal renal function within 48 hr as judged by the serum creatinine whereas untreated dogs had permanent impairment of function. PMID- 7003844 TI - Expression of Ia in mouse kidney. II. Evidence for expression on resident marrow derived and nonmarrow-derived cells. AB - The origins of Ia antigens in perfused mouse kidney were investigated. Three possible sources were considered: leukocytes in residual blood which was trapped in kidney, bone marrow-derived cells resident in kidney, and nonbone marrow derived renal parenchymal or vascular cells. Leukocytes in trapped blood seemed to make no significant contribution to renal Ia expression because (1) perfused kidney had approximately as much Ia as nonperfused kidney, even though the perfusion reduced the blood content by 90%; (2) the estimated number of leukocytes in trapped blood was at least three orders of magnitude less than that needed to account for Ia expression by kidney; and (3) perfused kidney, volume for volume, absorbed more anti-Ia than did whole blood, so that no amount of blood contamination could account for all renal Ia expression. Thus most Ia in kidney must be on resident cells, either bone marrow-derived or parenchymal. To demonstrate bone marrow-derived Ia-positive cells, we created radiation chimeras of (B10 X B10.D2)F1 bone marrow into B10 hosts. Ia of (B10 X B10.D2)F1 bone marrow donor origin was easily detectable in kidneys of these chimeras at 4 months. However, we also demonstrated Ia of nonbone marrow donor origin in chimera kidney: long-term B10.A into (BALB/c X A)F1 chimeras and C57BL/6 into (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 chimeras continued to express renal Ia of bone marrow recipient origin. Thus, some renal Ia is produced by bone marrow-derived cells, and some is produced by cells which are nonmarrow derived (or are marrow derived but are resistant to replacement in bone marrow chimeras). The cells expressing Ia in kidney were unlikely to be thymus derived because anti-Thy-1.2 was not absorbable by the same kidney preparations which absorbed anti-Ia. PMID- 7003845 TI - Systematic transfusion in hemodialyzed patients awaiting grafts: kinetics of anti t and b lymphocyte immunization and its incidence on graft function. AB - Since June 1977, a systematic blood transfusion (BT) policy (160 ml of leukocyte poor washed erythrocytes given every 6 months) has been applied to 126 hemodialyzed patients awaiting a first kidney graft. Only patients who had anti-T or B lymphocyte (T or BLY) antibodies (Ab) killing fewer than 10 or 20% of the panel cells, respectively, entered the protocol. Screening of anti-T and BLY was performed 8, 15, and 21 days after each BT. Patients were removed from the protocol if they developed Ab against more than 10 or 20% of the T or BLY panel cells. The cumulative immunization (all Ab types) averaged 90% after four BTs. Anti-BLY (63%) were more frequent than anti-TLY (49%) after for BTs. No anti-HLA DR specificity could be attributed to the anti-BLY, whereas 20% of the anti-TLY displayed a particular anti-HLA-A,B specificity. Patients that had had BTs or pregnancies before entering the protocol had a higher degree of immunization. The kinetics of the anti-B or TLY pattern differed greatly both at the level of their detection after 8, 15, and 21 days following one BT and in their development after repeated BTs. Forty-three patients received transplants at various stages of the protocol. Recipients grafted without Ab had the best graft outcome (87 versus 66 actuarial percentage at 3 months), even though their HLA (A,B and DR) matching was inferior. There was no significant difference in recipients who had different subgroups of Ab. These data indicate that immunization is very high even after a few BTs when careful controls are performed and they suggest that BTs do not act via active enhancement. PMID- 7003846 TI - Characteristics of the second-set kidney allograft reactions in rats. AB - Unlike skin allografts in rats, accelerated rejection of second-set kidney allografts was a rare occurrence. Host reactivity was generally suppressed as a consequence of first-set kidney rejection, resulting in prolonged survival of a second-set kidney bearing the same alloantigens. Three variables with potentially important clinical implications were critical for induction of extended survival of the second kidneys: (1) Longer first-set kidney retention or sensitization periods promoted prolonged second-set allograft survival; the longer the period (tested up to 50 days), the greater was the observed immunosuppression. (2) Shorter intervals between first set removal and second-set grafting greatly prolonged second-set survival times; the shorter the interval, the greater the immunosuppressive effect. The optimal timing for facilitation of second kidney survival may be assumed as the time of first kidney removal. (3) Lesser or weaker histoincompatibility of the second kidney clearly promoted prolonged or indefinite survival. Thus, the second kidney from semiallogeneic F1 hybrids survived far longer than fully allogeneic parental kidneys. Prolongation of second-set F1 kidney survival could be achieved under less strict conditions. Spleen lymphocytes from second kidney recipients showed suppressed alloreactivity in the popliteal lymph node graft-versus-host (GVH) assay. Prolonged survival of repeated renal allografts is attributable to intervention of an active immunoblocking process rather than acquired tolerance. PMID- 7003847 TI - Importance of HLA-A,B matching in kidney transplantation in children. PMID- 7003848 TI - An experimental model to test the viability of ischemic kidney. PMID- 7003849 TI - Lymphoid target cell replacement and refractoriness to graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7003850 TI - Effect of enhancing antibodies on the generation of cytotoxic T cells in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7003851 TI - Prostacyclin and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7003852 TI - The development and validation of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for malaria. AB - ELISA has been evaluated and validated for malaria. It is sensitive, specific and reproducible. A comparison of ELISA and IFAT has been made, and there is a good correlation between the two tests. ELISA results can be assessed objectively. A small study on Caucasians with clinical malaria shows the value of ELISA as an immunodiagnostic tool. Its seroepidemiological value is also demonstrated, since it quickly reflects the changes in malaria transmission after a WHO malaria control programme in a malaria endemic area. PMID- 7003853 TI - Studies on Bancroftian filariasis in Liberia, West Africa. IV. Notes on side effects observed during a diethylcarbamazine treatment campaign in a rural area endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus. AB - 464 persons of whom 189 proved to be infected with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and/or Onchocerca volvulus were examined for adverse reactions due to diethylcarbamazine, which was administered during a filariasis control campaign. Persons older than 20 years of age were significantly more affected than younger persons and men showed distinctly more side effects than women. The most frequent complaints were skin reactions followed by gastrointestinal complications. The significantly highest rate of adverse reactions was observed in persons being infected with microfilariae of O. volvulus, whereas no significant difference was registered between side effect rates of bancroftian microfilaria carriers and non infected persons. It is concluded that in areas where both filarial species are endemic, infections with O. volvulus are a limiting factor for the control of bancroftian filariasis by means of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine. PMID- 7003854 TI - Scanning electron microscope study on larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti from the vector and from experimental rodent hosts. AB - The surface structures of larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti from Liberia were examined by scanning electron microscopy. For this study microfilariae from man, first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage larvae from the vector Aedes aegypti, and fourth-stage larvae from the experimental rodent hosts Mastomys natalensis and Meriones unguiculatus were available. From these larvae the structure of the anterior ends, the cuticle in the midbody regions, and the posterior ends are presented. As an obvious structure at the anterior end of the microfilaria and the first-stage larva there is a cephalic cap with a hook on its left side. Three spines are found on the right side close behind the border of the cap. The amphidial openings are found immediately beside the cephalic cap. A simply formed oval mouth is found in the second-stage larva. A small elevation is situated on each side of the mouth. On the anterior end of the third-stage larva there are eight papillae. The four outer papillae are round, the four inner papillae are cone-shaped. The caudal extremity of this larva carries three characteristic bubble like papillae. The mouth of the fourth-stage larva from the experimental rodent host is surrounded by an oral field. The cephalic papillae are indented and the amphidial openings are associated with papillary protuberances. The cuticle of these larvae is regularly annulated. On the caudal extremity, the dorsal papilla is reduced. PMID- 7003855 TI - Chemotherapy of onchocerciasis: a controlled clinical trial of topical diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in Guatemala. AB - A double-masked, controlled clinical trial was conducted in Guatemala to assess the safety and efficacy of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) lotion as compared to placebo lotion in the treatment of onchocerciasis. One hundred eighty-seven people were enrolled in this study and were followed for two months. Lotion was applied daily for seven days, then weekly for seven weeks. The decrease in mean microfilarial counts per skin snip was significantly greater in those receiving DEC lotion than for those receiving placebo lotion. The proportionate reduction in microfilarial counts was similar for people with light, moderate, or heavy microfilarial loads. Side effects were mainly related to skin changes, fever, and malaise, and occurred in nearly one-third of the people receiving DEC lotion. These reactions occurred almost as commonly in those people who were lightly infected as in those who had moderate or heavy infections. PMID- 7003856 TI - [Change in the state of the nuclear structures of neutrophilic leukocytes in the process of their specific alteration]. AB - Investigation of the character of the luminiscent spectrum of nuclear structures in periferal blood leucocytes stained with acridine orange showed that a specific alteration of leucocytes of an animal sensitized by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis causes an increase in the values of the luminescence relative intensity Jrel=J640 divided by J530. This indicates to DNA denaturation, occuring in the process of alteration. PMID- 7003857 TI - [Nature of the mutagenic action of dioxidine on bacteria]. AB - Lethal and mutagenic action of the antibacterial drug dioxidine was studied in bacteria. The mutagenic action of dioxidine is related to rec A-dependent repair process. The effect of the drug was increased due to mutation of rfa in S. typhimurium causing a destruction of the cell wall polyliposaccharide complex. The mutagenic action of dioxidine was studied as applied to isogenic strains of S. typhimurium bearing the pKM-101 plasmid and to strains lacking the plasmid. PMID- 7003858 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of a monolayer cell culture of the guinea pig pancreatic islet apparatus]. AB - A-, B- and D-insulocytes were revealed when studying the monolayer cell culture of guinea pig pancreatic islands with electron microscope. With an increase in cultivation time (3 days) the cytoplasm ultrastructure in all the cell types changes, the number of secretory granules in B-cells decreases. At later periods (10 days) the signs of secretory cells degeneration and dedifferentiation are observed. PMID- 7003859 TI - [Amniotic fluid cell culture for the prenatal diagnosis of the fetal karyotype]. AB - The data obtained testify to the possibility of using a number of nutrient media of domestic production for amniotic fluid cell cultivation aimed at prenatal diagnosis of fetal karyotype. Different efficacy and cells growth rate was revealed on the five different media. A number of phenotypical peculiarities inherent to the amniotic fluid cells was observed. The preparations were made by in situ techniques. Failures of cultivation are analysed. PMID- 7003860 TI - [Ultrastructure of specialized intercellular contacts]. AB - The review contains some literary evidence and the authors' own data on the ultrastructure and molecular organization of specialized intercellular junctions (tight, septate, intermediate, gap junctions and desmosomes). The analysis of structural organization of junctions was carried out using data obtained by various electron microscopic techniques (ultrathin sections, freeze-cleaving, negative contrasting, optical diffraction of electron microscopic images), low angle X-ray diffraction and biochemical methods. Some aspects of structural organization of specialized junctions providing for their functioning are concerned. Among other things, recent findings on the molecular structure of connexons and on their conformational changes promoting permeability regulation of their hydrophilic channels are reviewed. Available data on the lability of specialized junctions, both in the process of the organism's viability and during pathological states and after certain experimental treatment, are emphasized. Facts testifying to the lability of separate components of a junction including its perimembraneous cytoplasmic regions, are in a good agreement with a widespread liquid-mosaic model of the structural organization of cell membranes. PMID- 7003861 TI - [Cytophotometric study of the sex chromatin in the giant cell nuclei of the rabbit trophoblast]. AB - A cytophotometrical study was made of DNA contents in the giant cell nuclei of rabbit trophoblast and in the Barr bodies separately found in these nuclei, on the 13st day of embryonic development. It was established that the population of trophoblast cells was not homogeneous; polyploid nuclei with 32c and 64c dominating. The DNA content in the sex chromatin body increased with the magnifying of the polyploidy degree; the dependence between the Barr body DNA content and the degree of polyploidy in the nuclei was almost directly proportional. A deflexion from the direct proportional dependence was revealed mainly for the nuclei with the high degree of polyploidy: 128c and 256c. Possible reasons of these deflexions are discussed. PMID- 7003862 TI - [Postreplicative DNA repair in UV-sensitive Chinese hamster cell clones]. AB - The postreplication repair (PRR) of DNA has been studied in UV-irradiated (10 J/m2) and carcinogen (7-bromomethylbenz(alpha)anthracene -- BMBA) treated (1.65 3.3) 10(-6) M Chinese hamster clones with different UV-sensitivity. Ultracentrifugation in alkaline sucrose gradients has been used. Compared to the UV-resistent clone V-79, the UV-sensitive clone CHS2 displayed a lower effectivity of PRR of DNA after both UV-irradiation and carcinogen treatment, by 6 and 10 times, resp. Thus, there is a positive correlation between lethal and mutagenic effects of UV-irradiation and the effectivity of PRR of DNA. The same conclusion is apparently true in the case of carcinogen 7-BMBA treated Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7003863 TI - [Osmotic properties of heavy and light synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex]. AB - A comparison has been carried out of osmotic properties of light and heavy synaptosomal fractions and a mitochondrial fraction from the rat brain cortex. A critical change is the rate of swelling at a definite time, allowing to subdivide the process into two phases, was shown. Throughout the swelling, its rate for heavy synaptosomes and mitochondria was much higher than that for the light ones. According to the initial rate of swelling in isoosmotic glycerol, the fractions examined can be arranged in the following order: mitochondria < light synaptosomes < heavy synaptosomes. Both total, light and heavy synaptosomes reveal the properties of ideal osmometers. The osmotic properties of synaptosomes and mitochondria are largely dependent on pH of the medium: with a shift towards acidic values of pH the swelling rate decreases to increase at more alkaline values. Especially well-pronounced changes occur at pH 6.8 and pH 7.3. PMID- 7003864 TI - [Mechanisms of protease-induced cell aggregation. II. The effect of trypsin on the structural state of the plasma membrane of chick embryo fibroblasts]. AB - Using freeze-etching, registration of kinetics of tryptophane phosphorescence quenching at room temperature, and measuring the cell electrophoretic mobility, a study has been made of the influence of a short-term treatment (5-10 min) with a low concentration of trypsin (2-100 microgram/ml) on the chick embryo fibroblasts removed from the monolayer with EDTA and suspended in the Henks solution. It is shown that trypsin induces a structural rearrangement of the plasma membrane which is manifested in clustering intramembrane globular particles. Trypsin induced rearrangement of the plasma membrane is accompanied by an increase in the negative charge of the cell surface. The results obtained by the phosphorescence method show that structural rearrangements involve alongside with plasma membranes the majority of intracellular proteins. PMID- 7003865 TI - [Results of selection for affinity in cell populations of rat transplantable tumors]. AB - Results of selection for the affinity for lung tissue in cells of three transplanted tumors of the rat are given. Tumor cell suspensions were injected intravenously-intraperitoneally or subcutaneously-intravenously (the clonal line - clone circuit), or intravenously-intravenously (the clone-clone circuit). The efficiency of the method has been shown in the cases of the Worker carcinoma and of a 20-methylcholantren-induced rhabdosarcoma. A 10-fold recloning of cells of the ovary ascite tumor failed to increase their affinity for the lung tissue. It is suggested that a hereditary heterogeneity with the trait "the affinity for lung tissue" may be characteristic of tumor cell populations. PMID- 7003867 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): a study of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the IgG, IgA and IgM classes in tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to study the levels of antibody binding to the soluble antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BCG) in the IgG, IgM and IgA classes in sera from patients with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease. Of the patients with tuberculosis, 75% had significantly elevated levels of anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies in the IgG class. The levels of antibodies in the IgM and IgA classes were much less discriminative. Many of the patients with sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease had significantly elevated levels of antimycobacterial antibodies, principally in the IgM and IgA classes. These elevated levels of antibody were not related to the total levels of the immunoglobulin classes. For the purpose of serodiagnosis, an estimation of the antimycobacterial antibodies in the IgG class gives the most discriminative results. PMID- 7003866 TI - [Method for culturing dissociated and reaggregated brain cells in a collagen microwell]. AB - A technique of preparation of collagen well on a cover-slip for cultivation of dissociated brain and spinal cord cells has been described. This technique is applicable to the study of spontaneous cell reaggregation and development of fibre interconnections between aggregates attached to the collagen substrate. PMID- 7003868 TI - Interaction of rifampicin with other drugs. PMID- 7003870 TI - [Nocturnal hypoglycemia]. PMID- 7003869 TI - Stage I melanoma of the limbs. Immediate versus delayed node dissection. AB - 553 patients with stage I malignant melanoma of the limbs entered a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out by the W.H.O. Collaborating Centres for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma from September 1967 to January 1974. 286 patients were submitted to wide excision of primary and node dissection at the time as appearance of regional lymph node metastases and 267 to wide excision and immediate node dissection. Survival was identical in the 2 groups. Different subsets of patients were evaluated to assess whether some groups of patients may benefit from immediate node dissection. As regards sex, females and a significantly higher survival rate than males (p < 0.05), but results were not improved by immediate node dissection. Maximum diameter and elevation of primary melanoma were significantly related to survival but also in these cases immediate node dissection did not achieve better results. 63 patients had an excisional biopsy of their melanoma within 4 weeks before final treatment. This procedure did not worsen survival and also in this case immediate node dissection did not improve survival. 273 cases were classified according to histologic type: survival of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma was not different at a statistically significant level after the 2 treatment modalities. 325 cases were considered classifiable according to Clark's levels, out of these 165 were submitted to immediate node dissection. Neither level III nor level IV cases showed higher survival rate after immediate node dissection. Maximum tumor thickness according to Breslow was evaluated in 338 cases: 188 were submitted to wide excision and immediate node dissection. In no clusters of thickness did the enlarged surgical procedure achieve better results. The authors conclude that there is good evidence that in stage I melanoma of the extremities delayed dissection. PMID- 7003871 TI - [Primary suturing in lesions of the cruciate ligaments]. PMID- 7003872 TI - [Primary suturing of the anterior cruciate ligament with transarticular Kirschner wire fixation]. PMID- 7003876 TI - [Reactive arthritis following Salmonella typhimurium infection]. PMID- 7003874 TI - [Acute poisoning by potassium tablets]. PMID- 7003875 TI - [Lumbar disc prolapse treated with intramuscular injections of dexamethasone (Decadron). Prospective controlled, double-blind study of 52 patients]. PMID- 7003873 TI - [Atenolol (Tenormin) in the treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 7003877 TI - [Peroral norephedrine therapy of acute otitis media. A double-blind placebo controlled study]. PMID- 7003878 TI - [Salmonella enteritidis in gastroenteritis in a day-nursery. Epidemiological observations in a primary food-borne infection]. PMID- 7003880 TI - [Liver scintigraphy A review of the literature with special reference to its diagnostic value]. PMID- 7003879 TI - [Incidence and prevention of food-borne Salmonella infections]. PMID- 7003881 TI - [Headache among 40-year-olds in Glostrup. An epidemiological study]. PMID- 7003883 TI - [Treatment of metastasizing renal adenocarcinoma with specific plasma transfusion. A controlled trial of the effects on metastases and survival time]. PMID- 7003882 TI - [Median and mediolateral episiotomy]. PMID- 7003884 TI - [The acute effects of tobacco smoke on the organism. Changes in pulmonary function, circulation, hormones, metabolism and coagulation]. PMID- 7003885 TI - [Foreign body in the heart. An unusual complication of intravenous drug addiction]. PMID- 7003887 TI - [Behavior modification related to health. I. Review of the theoretical literature]. PMID- 7003886 TI - [Salt intake and use of diuretics during pregnancy. A review]. PMID- 7003888 TI - [Health education and its contribution to physical activity]. PMID- 7003890 TI - Some highlights of obstetrics in Ireland. PMID- 7003889 TI - [From traditional to preventive medicine: analysis of health reforms in Quebec]. PMID- 7003891 TI - W. J. Wilson and the Weil-Felix reaction. PMID- 7003892 TI - A new approach to border molding using silicone impression material. PMID- 7003893 TI - A trial on Savlon as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent. PMID- 7003894 TI - Clinical trial of Sporlac in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. PMID- 7003895 TI - [Clinical morphological basis for a kidney autograft in the treatment of renovascular arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7003896 TI - [S. I. Spasokukotskii]. PMID- 7003897 TI - [Fibroplastic induration of the penis: Peyronie's disease]. PMID- 7003898 TI - [State of the glomerular apparatus in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7003899 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys in children]. PMID- 7003901 TI - Hypertension with elevated renal vein renin secondary to unilateral hydronephrosis. AB - A case of hypertension secondary to unilateral hydronephrosis is reported. Renin levels were elevated in peripheral veins and in the renal vein draining the affected kidney. An infusion of angiotensin II analogue resulted in a decrease in blood pressure. After nephrectomy, blood pressure and peripheral plasma renin activity returned to normal. Renal vein renin and angiotensin II analogue studies were useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of curability by surgery in this case. PMID- 7003900 TI - Use of saralasin to detect renovascular hypertension in childhood. AB - Current methods to evaluate renovascular hypertension in the pediatric population often requires a general anesthetic. Saralasin, an angiotensin II competitive inhibitor, is a safe, noninvasive technique which can be utilized at the bedside in a salt-depleted child off antihypertensive medication. Two illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7003904 TI - Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand. PMID- 7003903 TI - Antigen-free cancellous bone implants after removal of an eye. PMID- 7003902 TI - Sexual impotency: current knowledge and treatment I. Urology/sexuality clinic. AB - Investigative and therapeutic measures for evaluating sexual impotency are rather recent. Psychogenic and organic problems may overlap. Thorough clinical appraisal and objective tests are currently affording better differentiation of etiology and, consequently, appropriate treatment. Causes of and tests for sexual impotency guide the choice of treatment. Surgical intervention can be offered for irreversible organic impotency. However, most instances of acquired impotence are psychogenic. Any nonjudgmental, competent practitioner can aid victims of psychogenic impotence by a "listening and encouragement" method. Urologists, in particular, are commonly confronted with genital/sexual problems and may be best suited as primary therapists by developing interest in urologic counseling. A newly formed Urology/Sexuality Clinic at the University of California in San Francisco provides therapy for patients and offers training for resident physicians. PMID- 7003906 TI - The effect of acid milk replacer on faecal coliform populations in preweaned calves. PMID- 7003905 TI - Bacterial isolates from giant snails in Nigeria. PMID- 7003909 TI - The use of the Flomasta ventilator in dogs. PMID- 7003907 TI - The aetiology of canine glaucoma. AB - Glaucoma is a disease complex in which one of several exciting factors is responsible for an elevation of the intraocular pressure beyond its normal physiological limitations. At present two types of primary glaucoma may be described for the dog, while the recognition of secondary glaucoma as a complication to lens luxation, uveitis, trauma, infection and neoplasia has long been established. Identification of the causal factor within this complex plays a necessary part in the institution of successful treatment. PMID- 7003911 TI - [Heroic feats of physicians at the Battle of Stalingrad]. PMID- 7003908 TI - Effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone on levels of luteinising hormone in cattle synchronised with dinoprost. AB - Synchronisation of oestrus was achieved in a group of three cows and two heifers with dinoprost. Sixty-six hours after the second injection of dinoprost, 0.125 mg synthetic gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) was given intramuscularly. Concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) were monitored in peripheral blood and close grouping of preovulatory LH peaks was seen around 2.5 hours after injection of GnRH. PMID- 7003910 TI - The effects of autologous bone grafting on bone healing after carpal arthrodesis in the dog. AB - Arthrodesis was performed on the right and left carpus of eight dogs, incorporating a fresh autologous cancellous bone graft in the right carpus. Histological evaluation of each carpus after the procedure demonstrated that although the grafted bone appeared dead, healing was significantly greater (P < 0 . 01) after 12 weeks if it had been used. PMID- 7003912 TI - [A great Russian scientist (on the 170th anniversary of the birth of N. I. Pirogov)]. PMID- 7003913 TI - [Publications by N. I. Pirogov in Voenno--Meditsinskii Zhurnal]. PMID- 7003914 TI - [Role of N. I. Pirogov in organizing the work of nurses in wartime]. PMID- 7003915 TI - Blood transfusions and antibody response in patients waiting for a kidney transplant. AB - Cold and warm B and T cell antibodies have been investigated following blood transfusion in patients waiting for a kidney transplant. 18 out of 28 patients were sensitized after a single transfusion: half of them presented a B-warm pattern and the other half either a T-warm or a B-cold pattern. Several sera collected after one transfusion were absorbed with pooled platelets. All three T warm sera have become negative after absorption. Out of 21 B-warm sera, 6 remained B-warm, 3 became B-cold and 12 were negative after absorption. There was no difference in strength between the B-warm sera which were absorbed and those which resisted to absorption. Dilution studies showed that sera followed a similar trend: they convert from T-warm to B-warm and B-cold patterns. Sequential sera from patients receiving systematic transfusions were tested at regular intervals after each transfusion. Most patients produced B-warm antibodies. PMID- 7003916 TI - [Use of vasodilators in treating cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7003917 TI - [Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of antiangina agents]. AB - The therapeutic effect of obsidan (25 to 250 mg/24 h), cordanum (75 to 300 mg/24 h), nitropenton (30 mg/24 h), combination of obsidan with nitropenton, prenylamin (180 mg/24 h), stenopril (180 mg/24 h), cordaron (600 mg/24h) and corvaton (4 mg/24 h) was studied according to clinical asessment in 127 patients with stenocardia and in 44 of them by loading tests (veloergometry or treadmill). According to the clinical assessment -- very good (abating of stenocardia paroxysms) and good effect (less frequent paroxysms nitroglycerin necessary every one-two days) was established in 82 per cent of those treated with obsidan, in 78 per cent of the treated with cordanum, in 86 per cent of those treated with the combination obsidan with nitropenton, in 44 per cent of the treated with nitropenton, in 42 per cent of the treated with prenylamin, in 46 per cent pf the treated with stenopril, in 7 out of 9 patients treated with cordaron as well as in 7 out of 9 patients treated with corvaton. According to the data from the loading tests--very good (increase of capacity, not limited by pain and ST depression) and good effect (considerable increase of capacity but limited by pain and ST depression) was found in 77 per cent of the patients administered obsidan, in 67 per cent of those administered cardanum and in 33 per cent of the patients administered tenopril and prenylamin. Beta--blockers significantly excel the therapeutic effect of stenopril, prenylanin and nitropenton, both according to clinical assessment (P < 0,02 to p < 0,001) and to the data from the loading tests (P < 0,02). Beta-blockers dosage was individually determined but 80 per cent of the patients with a favourable effect by obsidan or cordanum had received 60-120 mg/24 h and 150 mg/24 h respectively. The individual effect of the patients is presented so that even the small number of cases observed with cordaron and corvaton treatment shows it reasonable to include new preparations in antianginose treatment. PMID- 7003918 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the cardiac stroke and minute volumes by impedance cardiography and radiocardiography]. AB - In 32 health subjects and 33 patients, mainly with acquired heart defects, the indices of central hemodynamics were determined, namely -- stroke and minute volume and their indices via impedance-cardiographic and radiocardiographic methods. A very good correlation was established between those indices, obtained via both methods. Impedance-cardiography is concluded to be a very convenient easily applicable method in determining cardiac hemodynamics, both in healthy subjects and cardiac patients with acquired heart defects. PMID- 7003919 TI - [Impedance plethysmography: its theoretical bases and clinical use]. PMID- 7003920 TI - The Pan American Health Organization: origins and evolution (1). PMID- 7003921 TI - [Blood serum high density lipoproteins in coronary disease]. PMID- 7003922 TI - [Scientific activities of medical societies in the Silesian Dabrowa region]. PMID- 7003925 TI - [Phototoxicity of drugs, industrial substances and other environmental chemicals]. PMID- 7003923 TI - Professor Manfred Kiese. PMID- 7003924 TI - [Famous Magdeburg antifascist physicians and the development of orthopedics in Magdeburg]. PMID- 7003927 TI - [Development of the documentation and evaluation of hospital morbidity in Hungary]. PMID- 7003926 TI - Boulti (Tilapia nilotica Linn.) fish paste. 2. Bacteriological studies of the raw fish and the produced paste. AB - Total viable bacterial count reached 10(9) per gram of raw fish. It was decreased to 10(7) in fish paste and increased to 10(8)-10(9) after storage at 2-4 degrees C for 5 weeks. It was observed that fish paste showed higher counts when preserved in polyethylene bags than in aluminum tubes. PMID- 7003928 TI - [Concepts of social hygiene concerning the organizational aspect of public health]. PMID- 7003929 TI - [Development of disciplinary responsibility for public health organization in various international health systems]. PMID- 7003930 TI - [Development of the relationship between social hygiene and public health organization in the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7003931 TI - [Testing of influenza virus vaccines--an international comparison]. PMID- 7003932 TI - [Possibilities and limits of disinfecting waste water especially from slaughter houses]. PMID- 7003934 TI - [The significance of blood culture contamination in microbiological laboratories]. AB - Blood cultures in open systems are exposed to an additional danger of contamination, when manifold subcultures are made. The blood tests of 48 patients with suspicion to sepsis were investigated in two parallel series with 6 cultures each. The blood culture flasks of one series were for the first time opened to subculture on the 10th day, those of the second series on the 3rd, 6th and 10th day. The contamination rate which was to be led back to laboratory work was in the first series nearly 1.1% (total contamination rate 2.8%), in the second series nearly 14% (and 15.8%, respectively). For blood cultures closed systems are to be recommended. If with open systems is worked, a subcultivation is to be recommended only after macroscopically visible growth or only on the 10th day. PMID- 7003933 TI - [Rational simplified plastic embedding with polymethacrylate for non-decalcified bone sections]. AB - A exact judgment of bone and bone marrow tissue is based on an undecalcified treatment technique by means of plastics embedding and hard section microtomy. All hitherto existing routine techniques of plastics embedding of bone tissue used monomeres of methakrylate with addition of so-called emollient substances for polymerisation. Disadvantages of a stronger shrinking of the polymerisation product and uncontrolled, not always avoidable accelerations of the polymerisation process which have an essentially negative influence on the histological results should thus be avoided. A very exact observance of the treatment steps is here necessary. In the further development of our embedding method we turned to the polymethacrylates. The polymerisation adhesive Kalloplast R used in industry proved as the most suitable initial substance for the new method. The yielded results lie in a considerable shortening and further simplification of the embedding technique. The results are always well reproducible. Undesirable shrinking or polymerisation artefacts with impairment of the histological results do no more appear. PMID- 7003935 TI - [Induction of partial immune tolerance in a closely-related species system by a single injection of papain-extracted, donor species specific, lymphocyte membrane antigens]. AB - This paper reports of experimental xenografting of kidneys in closely related species (fox-dog) modifying primary graft rejection by single i.v. injection of donorspecies-specific lymphocyte antigen in soluble form. Papain treatment was used to separate histocompatibility antigens from lymphocytes of donors. This antigen, in vitro, is capable of reducing cytotoxicity of xeno-antisera by adsorption of their lymphocytotoxic antibodies. A single intraoperative i.v. injection of this antigen to the transplant recipients results in the subsequent failure of humoral antibody production, thus this antigen-mediated effect is thought to be a state of B-cell tolerance. Survival times are more than doubled in comparison to untreated controls and last in average 14.6 +/- 1.74 days (n = 5). Histological studies demonstrate rather well conserved renal parenchym with sporadic infiltrations of round cells. PMID- 7003938 TI - [The centroblastic-centrocytic malignant skin lymphoma (Brill-Symer's disease) and its histologic delineation versus the giant follicular form of benign skin lymphadenosis]. PMID- 7003936 TI - Experiences about the application of gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde tissue adhesive in experimental ruptured liver injury. AB - Ruptured liver injury was produced in dogs. For arresting the bleeding and for the tissue unifying GRF adhesive was used instead of the traditional wound treatment. The experiences obtained during the wound healing were positive. On the 4th week the adhesive was well markedly emerged from the liver surface, but on the 20th postoperative week the adhesive could not be noticed even by microscopy. The necrosis spread over 10-15 cell lines has nearly disappeared by the end of the 15th week. By this time the granulation tissue filling up the wound transformed into native connective tissue. PMID- 7003937 TI - [Value of organ preservation with Collins-3 and Sacks II solutions of warm ischemic and re-perfused kidneys]. AB - The protective effect of Collins or Sacks solutions was reduced after warm ischemia in preserved and reperfused dog kidneys. The degree of the developed pathologic alterations was connected with the length of the warm ischemic period. Functional changes as decrease of microcirculation and proteinuria and structural sequences as edema and diverse disintegration in glomeruli and tubuli were produced. PMID- 7003939 TI - [Human nature--understanding psychology in Nietzsche]. AB - It was tried to show some decisive and essential points of the psychological analyses contained in the complex work of the philosopher Nietzsche. The extent of his knowledge of man and his changeability constitutes here the field of an understanding, "unmasking" psychology with a sociological-historical touch. The thorough, slow ("lento") study of the original sources on the part of the master of a "connaisseurship of the word" seems to be indispensable for any reader trying to occupy himself with Nietzsche in a work of his own and the questions arising therefrom. PMID- 7003940 TI - [The morphological affinities of the early Pleistocene frontal bone from the estuary area of the Elbe River near Hahnofersand]. PMID- 7003941 TI - [Plastic surgery covering of skull defects]. PMID- 7003942 TI - [Hierarchical organization of behavior]. PMID- 7003944 TI - [Human orientation in time (conscious estimation of short time intervals)]. PMID- 7003943 TI - [Mechanism of general adaptation]. PMID- 7003945 TI - [Physiologic-biochemical basis of acupuncture--electrotherapy of drug dependence]. PMID- 7003946 TI - [Role of hypothalamic reinforcement systems in signs of seizure activity]. PMID- 7003947 TI - [Cyclopropane fatty acids of microorganisms]. PMID- 7003948 TI - [Immunological regulation of somatic cell differentiation]. PMID- 7003949 TI - [Ionic regulation of neuronal differentiation and regeneration in culture]. PMID- 7003951 TI - [Intraorganic regeneration and its varieties]. PMID- 7003952 TI - [Care of kidney patients must improve]. PMID- 7003950 TI - [General biological bases of the natural theory of hematopoiesis]. PMID- 7003953 TI - [Personal observations following TCO's data processing conference]. PMID- 7003954 TI - [Determination of the biological age of man: study of the relevance of the in vitro aging process of fibroblasts]. PMID- 7003955 TI - [Analgesin anesthesia as a maximally safe method of general anesthesia]. PMID- 7003956 TI - [30th treatise of Abu-l-kasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Az-Zahrawi]. PMID- 7003959 TI - [So-called unilateral and linear dermatoses]. PMID- 7003957 TI - [Comparative evaluation of Collins' and Bretschneider's modified saline solutions for 24-hour cold preservation of the kidney and heart]. PMID- 7003958 TI - [Immunology problems in the clinical picture of skin diseases]. PMID- 7003960 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of psoriasis]. PMID- 7003961 TI - [Sensitizing properties of a number of synthetic perfumes]. PMID- 7003962 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of combined lupus erythematosus and psoriasis]. PMID- 7003965 TI - [Hydrocortisone and cuprenil phonophoresis in the therapy of scleroderma]. PMID- 7003963 TI - [Exacerbation of the course of pemphigus vulgaris after taking levamisole]. PMID- 7003964 TI - [Degos' disease]. PMID- 7003966 TI - [Condylomatosis acuminata]. PMID- 7003967 TI - [Perhydrol treatment experience with warts]. PMID- 7003968 TI - [Therapy of condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 7003969 TI - [Use of colchamine in combination with dimexide for treating skin neoplasms]. PMID- 7003970 TI - [Method of accelerated treatment of microsporosis of the scalp]. PMID- 7003971 TI - [Lysozyme activity of the blood serum and cervical canal mucus in gonorrhea]. PMID- 7003972 TI - [Late treatment results in early forms of syphilis using the continuous penicillin and bicillin method]. PMID- 7003973 TI - [Case of latent early syphilis diagnosed by using mathematical analysis]. PMID- 7003975 TI - [Skin bactericidal functional dynamics in psoriasis depending on the state of natural body resistance]. PMID- 7003974 TI - [Erythrocyte phosphorylase A activity in eczema]. PMID- 7003976 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in Candida albicans exposed to polyene antibiotics]. PMID- 7003978 TI - [Clinical characteristics of herpetiform dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid]. PMID- 7003977 TI - [Antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic diseases]. PMID- 7003980 TI - [Means of transecting the visual pathways of cats at the level of entrance into the lateral geniculate bodies]. PMID- 7003981 TI - [Prehistory of the conditioned reflex (160th anniversary of the publishing of J. E. Purkinje's dissertation)]. PMID- 7003982 TI - Psychosomatics of arecaidinism. PMID- 7003979 TI - [Mechanism of Sechenov inhibition]. AB - The paper defines the discovery made by I. M. Sechenov in 1863, of inhibition of spinal reflexes in a frog produced by stimulation of the thalami optici with a crystal of NaCl -- first finding revealing inhibition in the central nervous system. The question is discussed, what parts of the nervous system participate in this inhibition and, in particular, along what pathways the excitation is transmitted from thalami optici to the spinal cord. According to I. M. Sechenov this pathway is the sympathetic nervous system, which is confirmed by numerous studies. P. G. Kostyuk (1969) describes this inhibition as presynaptic. However there are reasons to assume the participation of the sympathetic nervous system in the presynaptic inhibition as well. PMID- 7003983 TI - Psychosomatics and the Third World. PMID- 7003984 TI - Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, Conn. PMID- 7003985 TI - [Internal urethrotomy]. PMID- 7003986 TI - [Organ preservation and long-term function after spontaneous rupture of kidney transplant]. AB - The spontaneous rupture of the transplanted kidney is no rare complication of the early postoperative period after human allotransplantation of a kidney. From 1968 to 1980 434 kidney transplantations were performed. It is reported on 26 spontaneous ruptures. Typical symptoms characterize the appearance and an immediate surgical treatment is then necessary. A retardation of the diagnosis and of the operative treatment by more than 24 hours is accompanied by a clear deterioration of the prognosis of the transplant. We report on the possibility and necessity of the preservation of the organ and the suturing of the rupture of the transplant, which was done in 19 cases. Following to this 15 ruptures kidneys began their function and the recipients live for 3 months up to nearly 7 years with their transplant. PMID- 7003987 TI - [The importance of the sympathetic trunk for the function of the lower urinary tract]. PMID- 7003988 TI - [Late complications of the surgically treated femoral neck fracture: central nail migration with erosion hemorrhage of the pelvis]. PMID- 7003989 TI - [Practical application of the fluorescent antibody technic using sensitized erythrocytes in studies of spontaneous infectivity of ixodes ticks with tick borne encephalitis virus]. PMID- 7003990 TI - [Increasing the sensitivity of mice to substances of microbial origin following administration of staphylococcal exotoxin]. PMID- 7003991 TI - [Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from fresh water fish in the Primor'e Krai]. PMID- 7003992 TI - [Calculation of trends in typhoid morbidity in different regions of the country]. AB - The relationship linearity criterion and its derivatives were used in processing the mass of official statistical data on typhoid morbidity throughout the whole territory of the USSR and in the union republics during the period 1950-1976. In the majority of the union republics (the RSFSR, the Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Georgian, Armenian, Moldavian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian SSR) the time course of typhoid morbidity was found to have a linear character and could be adequately described by the exponential function. The calculation of the average rate of annual decrease in typhoid morbidity in the above-mentioned union republics and the extrapolation of the tendencies of morbidity decrease for the last 20 years indicated that the morbidity level in the USSR would decrease by 6.14%, varying from 3.09% to 9.89% in individual union republics. The authors believe that similar rates of decrease in typhoid morbidity in different regions of the country can be attributed to reduced circulation of the causative agent of this infection and to the constant radical improvement of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the Soviet people. PMID- 7003993 TI - [Principles for optimizing and gauging certain processes in vaccine production technology. V. Complex approach to gauging processes involved in assuring aseptic conditions in incubators]. AB - The contamination of the cultivator with the extraneous microflora in the process of growing microorganisms in various apparatus has been shown to have the probabilistic character. The index of aseptic effectiveness is recommended for the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the processes which ensure the achievement and maintenance of aseptic conditions in the process of the cultivation of microorganisms in the laboratory and industrial equipment, as well as for changing the scale of the process. PMID- 7003995 TI - [Experimental-morphologic basis for classifying enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7003994 TI - [Clinico-serologic study of humans with diseases epidemiologically related to halprowiosis (chlamydiosis) of farm animals]. AB - A toxico-allergo-asthenic syndrome, primarily detected as a group disease (16 cases) affecting the workers of a cattle-ranch with the record of halproviosis (chlamydiosis) of agricultural animals, is described. A rise in temperature, sickness, vomiting, headache, loss of appetite, pain in the jaws and the joints, conjunctivitis and episcleritis, frequent urination, weakness, irritability, emaciation appeared to be its most characteristic symptoms. The halprovial nature of this syndrome was revealed on the basis of differential clinico-laboratory studies, serological, epizootic and epidemiological data. PMID- 7003996 TI - [Psychrophilic properties of the pseudotuberculosis microbe and their importance to the epidemic process in Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever]. PMID- 7003997 TI - [Bacterial lesions of the biliary tract in viral hepatitis]. AB - Various microorganisms, mostly staphylococci in association with E. coli and fungi of the genus Candida, were isolated from the bile of most of the viral hepatitis and angiocholecystitis patients. The bile was found to have a weak antibacterial effect on staphylococci. In the presence of bile changes occurred in the bactericidal properties of a number of antibiotics, this effect depending on the type and the concentration of the secretion. These data should be taken into consideration while choosing chemotherapeutic preparations for the treatment of the bacterial lesions of the biliary tracts. PMID- 7003998 TI - [Immunoleukolysis test results in women immunized with staphylococcal toxoid]. AB - The results of the immunoleukolysis test in 699 women on the 32nd week of pregnancy are presented. Of these, 48 women were examined 1 month and 6 months after the third injection. In this test staphylococcal allergen and E. coli allergen were used. Staphylococcal toxoid was found to have desensitizing action in persons with enhanced initial allergic state. The authors conclude that the immunoleukolysis test may ensure differential approach to the immunization of pregnant women with staphylococcal toxoid. PMID- 7004000 TI - [Etiological structure of dysentery in the Verkhnebureya District, Khabarovsk Territory, in 1974-1976]. PMID- 7003999 TI - [Measles abroad]. PMID- 7004001 TI - [Enzymatic homogeneity of a diagnostic streptococcal hyaluronidase preparation]. PMID- 7004002 TI - [Scientific, pedagogic and organizational work of the great Soviet epidemiologist T.E. Boldyrev (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 7004003 TI - [Enteric dysentery vaccines and their effectiveness in a rabbit intestinal loop model. I. The residual virulence of attenuated vaccinal strains of Shigella administered into the intestinal loops]. AB - Virulent Sh. flexneri strain 2a, Sh. sonnei strain, attenuated Sh. flexneri vaccine strain 2a 516M, and Sh. sonnei vaccine strain 6S (isolated by Yu. A. Belaya), as well as streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexneri strain 2a 1605/3 (isolated by V. V. Sergeev) were introduced into the ligated loops of the rabbit ileum. The use of light and immunofluorescent microscopy, the measurement of the volume of the fluid in the intestinal loops and the quantitative inoculation of their contents resulted in revealing the differences in the properties of the virulent and vaccine strains. The vaccine strains, in contrast to the virulent strains, did not proliferate in the lumen and did not cause the accumulation of fluid in the intestinal loops. They retained sharply limited, especially in the streptomycin-dependent bacteria, ability to penetrate into enterocytes and, via their cytoplasm, into the basement membrane, but lost their ability to proliferate in the cytoplasm of enterocytes (and probably even deteriorated there) and to cause plurulent ulcerous inflammation. This indicates that vaccine strains have insignificant residual virulence and suggests that the intestinal loop models, together with other models, may be used for testing the safety of vaccines prepared from Shigella strains. PMID- 7004004 TI - [Mechanism of action of secretory IgA antibodies]. AB - The antiadsorptive capacity of secretory IgA to Sh. sonnei was revealed in experiments with Shigella keratoconjunctivitis used as a model. In patients with dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei IgA in coprofiltrates proved to have greater capacity for agglutinating the antigen than serum IgA. The presence of IgA as coproantibodies in these patients sharply decreased the frequency of diagnostic seroconversions. The importance of the above-mentioned properties of SIgA for diagnosis and for protection from infections affecting the organs and tissue coming into contact with the environment are discussed. PMID- 7004005 TI - [Isolation and properties of a highly purified Clostridium botulinum type F toxin]. AB - A scheme for isolation of highly purified type F Cl. botulinum toxin has been developed. The scheme allows one to obtain the toxin with specific activity of 1.5--4.0 X 10(7) Dlm/mg protein, molecular weight of 150,000 daltons, a typical protein UV spectrum and the optical density ratio E280/E260 = 1.98. PMID- 7004006 TI - [Protease as an immune response enhancer in immunization with an adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin]. AB - The injection of trypsin into rabbits immunized with adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid was found to have a potentiating effect on the immune response of the body, which was manifested by a considerable increase in the specific antibody titer and by the activation of nonspecific systemic protective factors. The intensity of antistaphylococcal immunity achieved by the moment of challenge (on day 23 of the experiment) in the animals ensured the resistance of the rabbits to staphylococcal test infection. The injection of trielin, a proteolysis inhibiting agent, simultaneously with the immunization of rabbits with adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid produced no such effect. PMID- 7004008 TI - [Dynamics of the leukocyte enzymatic status during the incubation period in a model of Salmonella infection]. AB - The activity of several dehydrogenases and acidic phosphatase was studied on S. typhimurium infection, used as a model, in non-inbred white mice by the cytochemical method. This study revealed the strengthening of synchronous conjugations between neutrophils and lymphocytes on the level of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity, as well as the appearance of diachronic correlations, both intra- and intercellular, between these 2 enzymes. The discrimitator of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes and neutrophils was found to be most important for early diagnosis. PMID- 7004009 TI - [Analysis of the potential for restoring E. coli cells, aerosolized in 30% relative humidity, by systems that repair UV damage]. AB - The mutants, defective due to a complex of damages caused by UV radiation, are considerably more sensitive to aerosol dispersal under conditions of 30% relative humidity than their parent strains. The sensitivity of bacteria to dispersal by aerosol, equally increasing in case of mutations in any of the tested reparative genes, is not linked with their incapability to repair DNA damages, but should be rather considered as a pleiotropic effect. Strains E. coli K12 are somewhat more sensitive to aerosol dispersal than E. coli B when sprayed on fiberglass under conditions of 30% relative humidity. PMID- 7004007 TI - [Bacteria and bacterial vaccines as nonspecific modulators of immunological reactivity]. PMID- 7004010 TI - [Interaction of streptococcal L-forms and tissue culture cells]. AB - The interaction between 2 strains of group A streptococci in L-forms and the cells of the continuous cell lines HEp, HeLa, L, GPK and PEK, as well as the cells of primary human and chick embryo cell cultures was studied under conditions of infection with different doses. In most of the cell cultures used in this study L-form of streptococci showed no pronounced cytopathic effect. They could be isolated, when using cell cultures as inoculum, from the cultivated cells of continuous cell lines during the whole period of the cultivation of the infected monolayer (6--7 days), primary human embryo cell culture up to days 8- 11 and from chick embryo cell culture up to days 1--3. In the cells of the continuous cell lines the maximum amount of L-forms was revealed on days 2--3 by the immunofluorescent technique. The ultrathin sections of HEp and HeLa cells infected with L-forms of streptococci were found to contain small elements similar to L-forms inside the cells and on their surface, which was not detected in the infected primary cell cultures. PMID- 7004012 TI - [Use of the edema test of the extremities in white mice for studying purulent Proteus infection]. AB - The injection of non-enterotoxigenic Proteus strains into the paw pad of white mice caused paw edema, its intensity being proportional to the dose used for the test. The exudate consisted of granulocytes. Immunization with isolated Proteus antigens prevented the development of edema. This test is recommended as a model of local purulent infection. The optimal methods for the statistical analysis of the results thus obtained is proposed. PMID- 7004011 TI - [Shigella flexneri mutation giving rise to the appearance of fosfomycin-resistant avirulent forms with disordered carbohydrate utilization]. AB - The present work analyzes pt44 mutation in Sh. flexneri resulting in the appearance of the following phenotypical properties: resistance to phosphomycin, avirulence, pleiotropic disturbances in carbohydrate utilization. The data provided by the biochemical and genetic analysis have indicated that pts44 mutation occupies the region between purC and ptsI loci on the chromosome of Sh. flexneri. Merodiploids containing the mutant allele pts44 and the plasmid including purC-ptsI-ptsH genes from E. coli K12 acquired the capacity for fermenting carbohydrates, but at the same time retained resistance to phosphomycin and avirulent properties. The presence of phosphoenol pyruvate dependent carbohydrate phosphotransferase system in Sh. flexneri has been proved. PMID- 7004014 TI - [Toxoplasmosis diagnosis by the immunoenzyme method]. PMID- 7004013 TI - [Certain features of the Boivin antigens of streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexneri 2a strains differing in immunogenicity]. PMID- 7004015 TI - [Narrow-spectrum culture for detecting and counting klebsiellae]. PMID- 7004016 TI - [Classification of devices for cultivating microorganisms]. PMID- 7004019 TI - [Plaque formation test for viral hepatitis as modified by Bliuger and Wechsler]. PMID- 7004017 TI - [Characteristics of attenuated immunogenic mutants of shigella flexneri selected from phosphomycin-resistant clones]. AB - Sh. flexneri mutants No. 2a, resistant to phosphomycin (25 microgram/ml), differ in their fermentability in respect to glucose, mannitol, mannose and fructose. The mutants fall into 7 groups by this characteristic. All the resistant mutants, irrespective of the type of hydrocarbon fermentation, have lost their ability of causing keratoconjunctivitis. The decreased virulence of the phosphomycin resistant mutants is linked with the loss of their penetration properties, although their adhesiveness and proliferative capacity on the surface HeLa cells is retained. A change in the virulence of the mutants under study is not connected with disturbances in the synthesis of O-antigen LPS. Most of these mutants are highly immunogenic. PMID- 7004020 TI - [Phage conversion of toxigenicity in Clostridium botulinum]. PMID- 7004021 TI - [Historical dominance of socialist public health in the area of infectious disease prevention]. PMID- 7004018 TI - [identification of atypical strains of enterobacteria]. PMID- 7004022 TI - [Intergeneric crossing: P1 phage transduction of the malB region in crosses between E. coli and S. typhimurium]. AB - In the intergeneric crossing of E. coli and S. typhimurium, no effective transduction of the malB gene was observed. The absence of effective transduction suggests the low homology of the malB chromosomal areas in E. coli and S. typhimurium. To carry out the transduction of the MalB gene together with the lexA gene from E. coli to S. typhimurium, a hybrid having no restriction of phage P1 and incorporating the malB area of E. coli should be previously created. PMID- 7004023 TI - [Chromosomal transformation of Escherichia coli by Shigella flexneri DNA]. PMID- 7004024 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of representatives of the enterobacteriaceae family in postradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis]. AB - The irradiation of CBA mice with gamma quanta in a dose of 700 C/kg resulted in the development of postradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis in the animals. The dysbacteriosis was characterized by a considerable increase in the number of Escherichia and Proteus mirabilis in the large intestine and by the insemination of the small intestine with these microbial associations. Pr. vulgaris, Pr. morganii, Ent. aerogenes, Ent. cloacae, Citrobacter appeared in great numbers in the intestinal tract of the irradiated mice, while none of these organisms were found in the intact mice. PMID- 7004025 TI - [Neutralizing activity of antisera to E. coli enterotoxin and a toxoid type preparation]. AB - Antisera obtained as a result of immunization of rabbits with concentrated E. coli enterotoxin, its active fraction or toxoid, had a pronounced toxin neutralizing activity. At the same time the cytotoxic activity of antisera to the purified fraction was considerably higher than that of the antisera to the concentrated enterotoxin. Such antisera had also a neutralizing effect on thermolabile enterotoxin. The neutralizing activity of antisera to E. coli enterotoxin was clearly manifested in the paw edema test. PMID- 7004027 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7004026 TI - [Activity of bovine colostral IgG in the human digestive tract]. AB - The biological activity of cow IgG administered orally to 11 volunteers in the colostrum of cows vaccinated with Sh. sonnei was studied. At the same time the degree of immunologic protection was determined on the experimental model of pepsin fragments of this IgG active against Sh. sonnei. IgG, introduced orally, could be regularly found in gastric and intestinal juices, as well as in coprofiltrates. A decrease in the concentration of IgG and related antibodies was observed as this IgG moved down along the digestive tract: the maximum loss of biological activity occurred in the lower sections of the intestine. The products of pepsin hydrolysis of immune cow IgG ensure pronounced protection against Sh. sonnei. The preservation of the biological activity of IgG in the digestive secretions of adults receiving immune colostrum orally indicates the expediency of further studies in the field of passive enteral immunization for the prevention and treatment of acute intestinal diseases. PMID- 7004028 TI - [Role of N. I. Pirogov in training I. I. Metchnikoff for scientific activities (on the 135th anniversary of the birth of I. I. Metchnikoff]. PMID- 7004029 TI - [Materialistic concept of the development of epidemiology]. PMID- 7004030 TI - [Corynebacterium ulcerans and its biological properties]. PMID- 7004031 TI - [Differentiation of cholera and NAG vibrios by their virulence]. AB - The method for differentiating cholera and NAG vibrios by their virulence is proposed. This method is based on the evaluation of the following characteristics: hemolytic activity and sensitivity to phages C and Xdf-5, the vibrios being cultivated in 1% peptone water with 1% of glycerol (for the determination of hemolytic activity) and in 1% peptone water with 1% of barium chloride (for the determination of sensitivity to phages). PMID- 7004033 TI - [Derivation of a formula based on the central-limit theorem for evaluating the effectiveness of immunization]. AB - The theoretical formula for the determination of the degree of resistance in the animal immunized with equal doses of the antigen has been deduced in accordance with the known of Kapteyn by presenting the immunological transformation of the organism, caused by the introduction of the antigen, as the result of the consecutive action of a multitude of accidental independent or slightly connected reasons and by using the liminal infective dose as the quantitative index of this transformation. PMID- 7004034 TI - [Human campylobacteriosis (vibriosis)]. PMID- 7004032 TI - [Effect of exogenous insulin on in vivo and in vitro antibody formation]. AB - The effect of insulin in different doses on the process of the accumulation of plaque-forming cells in the spleen of immune mice was studied. Antibody response was suppressed in mice receiving various doses of insulin at different stages of immune response. When added in vitro, insulin also suppressed the formation of plaque-forming cells. The effect depended on the doses of insulin. The possible role of cyclic nucleotides in this process is discussed. PMID- 7004035 TI - [Possibility of obtaining the anaform of E. coli enterotoxin]. AB - The nontoxic (on the model of raw edema in white mice) anaform of E. coli enterotoxin was obtained under the action of heat and formalin. In the process of detoxication the charge of the enterotoxin molecules was changed. The toxoid thus obtained preserved the antigenic activity of the initial preparation and, when used for the immunization of rabbits, stimulated the production of active antitoxic sera. PMID- 7004036 TI - [Radioligand assay: methods and application. V. Mono-125I-insulin: preparation and immunological and biological characterization]. AB - A reproducible method for preparation of 125I-monoiodoinsulin with fully biological activity was developed. Monoiodoinsulin has been prepared from a heterogeneous 125I-iodination mixture by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-25 without using any gradient elution technique. The specific radioactivity of 125I-monoiodoinsulin was calculated to 14.3 +/- 0.8 TBq/g, i.e. an iodine content of 1.04 +/- 0.06 atoms per molecule of insulin. Monoiodoinsulin was indistinguishable from native insulin with respect to binding to guinea pig anti-insulin serum, and to insulin receptors of isolated rat adipocytes. The biological potency (96.5 +/- 7.5 per cent of the immunoreactive insulin activity) determined by the conversion of [14C1]-D-glucose to 14CO2 in vitro by rat fat cells was not significantly different from that of native insulin. PMID- 7004037 TI - On the history of cytology. PMID- 7004038 TI - Programming of an open-loop system for i.v. insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7004039 TI - Glucagon levels and ketogenesis in human diabetes following total or partial pancreatectomy and severe chronic pancreatitis. AB - In three groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes following total (n = 5) or partial (n = 5) pancreatectomy or chronic pancreatitis (n = 7) and in a group of idiopathic diabetics, ketogenic capacity following insulin withdrawal and during a 24-h fast was studied. Basal glucagon values were significantly increased in all diabetic groups with no significant intergroup differences. Basal ketone body values and their increase during starvation and insulin withdrawal were high and not different in totally pancreatectomized and primary diabetics, both showing unmeasurable C-peptide levels. On the contrary, ketogenesis was reduced in partially pancreatectomized and in pancreatitis diabetics with persistent levels of C-peptide. Our data confirmed the persistence of immunoreactive glucagon after pancreatectomy and demonstrated that ketogenesis is not suppressed in pancreatectomized diabetics and depends above all on residual B-cell function. A possible ketogenic effect of extra-pancreatic glucagon-like substances cannot be excluded. PMID- 7004040 TI - Secretion in the B-cells of islets of Langerhans as demonstrated by zinc staining. AB - Intact islets of Langerhans were isolated from Wistar rats by means of vital fixation, microdissection and development of the metal sulfides formed with Timms reagent. In such intact islets, the beta-granules and the cell organelles can be shown up well electron microscopically. The endocrine pancreas tissue of normal rats contains a relatively constant average of 715 densely structured granules per 100 microns2. After administration of sulfonylurea, the number of (less dense) granules is reduced to 125 (in adipose animals 115) granules per 100 microns2. Besides empty 'sacs', large-vesicle Golgi apparatus and ballooned forms of the endoplasmic reticulum occur. PMID- 7004044 TI - Glucosamine acetoacetate condensate. IV. Its effect upon diabetic mice. AB - Treatment with pyrrole condensate of obese diabetic mice, characterized by metabolic disturbances resembling diabetes mellitus in man, has resulted in the alleviation of classical diabetic symptoms, such as hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and low levels of liver glycogen. PMID- 7004042 TI - Diurnal variations in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in aged subjects. AB - Glucose tolerance tends to decrease in healthy aged subjects without family history of diabetes. Either reduced insulin secretion or insulin resistance may be responsible. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were studied in 7 aged subjects (68-75 years) and 8 young controls (21-27 years). A 1-mg i.v. glucagon and a 5-U/m2 body area i.v. insulin test were run in each subject at 07(00) and at 19(00) on two different days to detect diurnal variations. An arginine test was also performed to evaluate pancreatic glucagon behavior. In the evening, young subjects presented a glucose tolerance impairment with significantly decreased plasma insulin levels, and a reduced hypoglycemic effect of exogenous insulin. Resistance to both endogenous and exogenous insulin in the aged was observed in the morning without significant morning/evening variations. Since the response to contra-insular hormones (GH in the insulin test, glucagon in the arginine test) was the same in both age groups, their role in the phenomenon could be ruled out. It is suggested that in the aged a stable reduction in number and/or a change in affinity of insulin receptors may occur. In addition, since aging is seen to be associated with the disappearance of diurnal variations in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion and sensitivity, and since a reduction in the receptor level of young healthy subjects in the evening has been reported by some authors, it is suggested that aged subjects may be less able to modulate the binding of insulin to its peripheral receptors in the course of the day. PMID- 7004043 TI - The ketotic effects of glucocorticoid and growth hormone in man. AB - The ketotic effects of both glucocorticoid and growth hormone were assessed in normal man. Experimental protocols, previously shown to induce marked ketosis in diabetic man, were utilized to explore the metabolic effects of these two stress hormones in subjects with normal insulin secretory capacity. Glucocorticoid was administered orally as 1 mg of dexamethasone at 24 and 8 h prior to study. Growth hormone was administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 1 mg, 12 h prior to study. During the 90-min study of the ketotic activity of these hormones, plasma nonesterified fatty acids were acutely increased by heparin administration to support hepatic ketogenesis. This technique permitted an assessment of the ketotic activity of glucocorticoid and growth hormone independent of their lipolytic activity. The results of this study demonstrate that glucocorticoid may cause minimal hyperketonemia in spite of hyperinsulinemia in normal man. However, this effect is accompanied by a glucocorticoid-induced instability in basal ketone body and nonesterified fatty acid concentration. In contrast, no effect of growth hormone on plasma ketone body concentration or insulin levels was observed. These results in normal man contrast to the marked ketosis previously induced by these two stress hormones in diabetic man. PMID- 7004041 TI - Alloxan-glucose interaction: effect on incorporation of 14C-leucine into pancreatic islets of rat. AB - The acute effect of alloxan on the incorporation of 14C-leucine into isolated rat islets of Langerhans was studied. I.v. administration of alloxan (40 mg/kg body weight) in rats inhibited the subsequent in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into (pro-)insulin in the isolated islets. Glucose (750 mg/kg body weight), when administered 5 min prior to alloxan, completely protected the islets against alloxan toxicity. The protective effect of glucose was partly reversed when the concentration of alloxan was raised to 80 mg/kg body weight. Similar results of inhibition of (pro-)insulin biosynthesis by alloxan and its protection by glucose were obtained when isolated rat islets were exposed to alloxan and/or glucose in vitro. Islets exposed to glucose in vitro immediately after alloxan exposure showed a slower rate of inhibition of (pro-)insulin biosynthesis, as compared to islets washed before exposure to D-glucose. In view of these findings, it is suggested that there is a common recognition site on B-cell for alloxan and glucose. PMID- 7004045 TI - Obesity and diabetes. AB - Fat mass per se has little effect on the progression of obesity towards diabetes. Predominance of fat in the upper part of the body resulting in android obesity is at least the clinical reflection of factors which lead obesity to progress towards diabetes and atherosclerosis. Therefore this type of obesity may be termed diabetogenic and atherogenic obesity. Insulin and cortisol secretion in obesity are not correlated with body fat but with the predominance of fat in the upper part of the body. Diabetogenic obesity may evolve through 5 stages from initial obesity without diabetes to insulin-dependent diabetes in previously obese subjects. Aside from the characteristics of body fat distribution, the mechanisms which induce or interrupt this progression remain unknown. PMID- 7004046 TI - Sperm migration in the human female genital tract with and without intrauterine devices. PMID- 7004047 TI - Insulin response to an intravenous glucose load in potentially diabetic pregnant women. AB - The insulinmic response to an i.v. glucose load was determined in 129 pregnant women, early in the third trimester of pregnancy, with normal I K but with familiar diabetes and in 12 controls, with normal I K and without familiar diabetes. Results show that there is not a significative difference between the groups. In both groups, 30% of patients show a greater insulin release, likely expression of a functional pancreatic overload. PMID- 7004048 TI - Airway closure during anaesthesia, and its prevention by positive end expiratory pressure. AB - Airway closure, functional residual capacity (FRC) and the transpulmonary pressure volume relationship of each lung were studied in the anaesthetized subject in the supine and the left lateral positions. In the supine posture, FRC was of approximately the same size in each lung as was closing capacity (CC). CC exceeded FRC in either lung. In the left lateral position, FRC was increased by 0.91 in the non-dependent lung and was reduced by 0.21 in the dependent lung, while CC was unaltered in either lung. Consequently, FRC exceeded CC in the non dependent lung and was further lowered beneath CC in the dependent lung. Airway closure did not occur in the non-dependent lung until an average of 0.51 of gas had been expelled after the dependent lung had ceased to empty. The addition of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the range 0.5-2 kPa, increased FRC more in the non-dependent than the dependent lung. The findings suggest that airway closure is evenly distributed in the horizontal level, while it has a discontinuous distribution between the dependent and non-dependent lung. Moreover, the increase in lung volume caused by PEEP has a distribution that is by no means ideal for the purpose of countering airway closure. PMID- 7004050 TI - Induction of labor by oxytocin or prostaglandin E2. PMID- 7004049 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with extensive degeneration of white matter. AB - Degeneration of the white matter is uncommon is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and when it occurs is usually mild, and limited in distribution. In the case of 77-year-old woman with CJD lasting 1 year, there was extensive degeneration of cerebral white matter in addition to severe loss of neurons and hypertrophic astrogliosis in cortex and striatum. The extent and severity of white matter lesions makes the case unusual. PMID- 7004051 TI - A comparative study of uterine activity and fetal heart rate pattern in labor induced with oral prostaglandin E2 or oxytocin. AB - Labor was induced for medical reasons at or near term in altogether 200 patients. The women were randomly assigned to low amniotomy and either oral PGE2 or intravenous infusion of oxytocin. The initial PGE2 dose was 0.5 mg, followed by 1.0 mg every hour for up to 24 hours. Oxytocin was given as an intravenous pump infusion, starting with 5 mIU/min and rising stepwise to 20 mIU/min. Uterine contractility and fetal heart rate (FHR) were recorded by cardiotocography in 61 women receiving oxytocin and in 63 given prostaglandin E2. A detailed analysis of the contractility pattern was performed in 16 women, eight from each group. Labor was established slightly earlier in the oxytocin group than in the prostaglandin group of patients. When in labor, frequency and amplitude of contractions as well as uterine contractility were the same in both treatment groups. The frequency of atypical contractility patterns was higher in labor induced with PGE2 than with oxytocin. One period of hypertonus was observed in one patient treated with PGE2 but it was not associated with alterations in FHR and disappeared without additional therapy. Both mild and more severe variations in FHR occurred but were equally common on both treatment groups. There was no perinatal mortality among the newborns and the Apgar score 5 minutes after delivery was 8 or more. PMID- 7004054 TI - Popliteal cysts (Baker's cysts) in adults. II. Capsuloplasty with and without a pedicle graft. AB - In 15 adult patients, undergoing surgery for symptomatic popliteal cysts of fairly long duration, the communication into the joint was closed by two different procedures: In the early series, Series A (8 patients), the opening was tightly sutured, and in Series B (7 patients) a new type of capsuloplasty was performed, using a proximally based flap from the gastrocnemius tendon for additional reinforcement. One minor postoperative complication occurred in Series A, whereas all patients in Series B made an uneventful recovery. The results were assessed clinically and arthrographically almost 2 years postoperatively. All patients were relieved of their popliteal symptoms. In Series A three clinically asymptomatic recurrences were found at arthrography. No recurrence occurred in Series B (the capsuloplasty series). A modified postero-medial approach facilitated access to the communication. Postoperative immobilization for 3 weeks promotes uneventful healing of the capsular repair. The importance of meticulous closure of the gap is emphasized, whereas radical excision of the cyst does not seem essential for the therapeutic result. PMID- 7004055 TI - Tympanic membrane changes after installation of polyethylene grommets. An experimental study in the rat. AB - The object of this study was to establish the morphological changes which occur when a polyethylene grommet is implanted in the normal tympanic membrane of experimental animals. We found a serous effusion around the grommet and in the attic during the first weeks after installation. All the grommets had been displaced away from the tympanic memebrane in a medical direction into the middle ear cavity. The displacement was most likely brought about by a squamous cell epithelial and connective tissue hyperplasia, which reached its maximum after 2- 3 weeks. Neither atrophy, atelectasis, nor retraction was observed, whether in the pars flaccida or the pars tensa. A greyish, horseshoe-shaped configuration was seen in all specimens in the undisturbed front quadrants. No firm histo pathological correlation was found to explain these changes. In these studies in the rat, the perforation appeared to heal, although delayed, in the same way as after a central perforation, once the polyethylene grommet had been ejected. PMID- 7004053 TI - Tissue reaction and metal sensitivity. An animal study. PMID- 7004052 TI - Combined estrogen and progestogen for the menopause. AB - A single-blind pilot study using combined estrogen and progestogen therapy was undertaken in 25 patients for a period of six months in an attempt to evaluate symptomatic control, the acceptability or otherwise of bleeding patterns, and the effect on endometrial pathology. Two different progestogens were employed, i.e. norgestrel and norethisterone acetate, and each was given in combination with estradiol valerate in a cyclical and a continuous regime. Symptomatic control was good in all groups, but there was a mild recrudescence of some symptoms during the tablet-free interval in the cyclical groups. Regular withdrawal bleeding was reported in almost all cases receiving cyclical therapy, and unscheduled bleeding was noted in those on continuous regimes. Endometrial hyperplasia did not occur following treatment in any of the groups, and there was a return to the normal histology in two patients in whom hyperplasia existed prior to treatment. These results support the view that endometrial hyperplasia is least likely to occur if progestogens are administered in combination with estrogen. There were no obvious differences between the effects of the two progestogens. PMID- 7004056 TI - Hyperinsulinism. AB - A 2-year-old boy had had severe intractable hypoglycaemia since birth. Transient success with diazoxide treatment delayed diagnosis until the age of 1 1/2 years. It was based on measurements of plasma insulin, blood glucose and urinary ketones at the end of a controlled fast, a normal glycaemic response to glucagon and an unusually high rate of glucose infusion necessary to maintain the blood sugar at a normal level. Subtotal pancreatectomy restored the blood sugar to normal without any impairment of exocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 7004057 TI - The National Center in Denver. PMID- 7004058 TI - Haemoglobin A1c: a predictor for the duration of the remission phase in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - Increased HbA1c concentrations in diabetic patients indicate retrospectively a poor metabolic control during the preceding 2-3 months. In the present study attempts have been made to use the HbA1c concentration at the time of diagnosis as an indicator of the duration of the remission phase in 23 juvenile diabetic children. The regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the initial HbA1c concentrations and the duration of the remission phase defined as no glucose excretion, an insulin requirement of less than 0.5 U/kg/day and detectable serum C-peptide concentration (r =- 0.84, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the initial HbA1c concentration may serve as a useful indicator to predict the duration of the remission phase in juvenile-onset diabetic patients. PMID- 7004060 TI - [Differential diagnosis of schizophrenias in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7004059 TI - Pancreatic B-cell function and abnormal urinary peptides in a boy with lipoatrophic diabetes and stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. AB - A boy with the classical clinical manifestations of acquired lipoatrophic diabetes has been studied for 5 years from the onset of diabetes at age 13. At the age of 15 a ventriculo-cisternal shunt operation was performed because of stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, followed by a dramatic improvement in his diabetic state with a decrease of the 24 hr insulin requirement from 130 to 32 units. After 12 months there was a relapse with increased insulin requirement up to the preoperative level. Pimozide treatment was given for 7 months with no effect on the metabolic derangements. Extremely high basal levels of serum C peptide and pro-insulin were found throughout the period of observation. A further increase occurred after i.v. arginine infusion tests, indicating hyperfunctioning B-cells. Repeated screenings of peptides in the urine by sephadex chromatography revealed pathological patterns similar to those observed in patients with other hypothalamic disorders, but different from that found in the urine of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Injection into mice of peptides extracted from the preoperative urine produced an acute hyperglycemia. The mechanisms behind this hypothalamic syndrome are unknown, but it is postulated that the abnormal urinary polypeptides originate from disorganized hypothalamic centres and that these peptides may be responsible for the disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PMID- 7004061 TI - [Consultation with children less than four years old in an ambulatory pediopsychiatric service]. PMID- 7004062 TI - A follow-up investigation of 39 antisocial children 4-20 years after discharge from hospital. PMID- 7004063 TI - Neuropsychiatric problems among children born to older mothers. PMID- 7004064 TI - Psychosocial problems in young foreign adopted children. PMID- 7004065 TI - [Differential diagnosis of periodic juvenile psychoses]. PMID- 7004066 TI - [The three trees test in public schools]. PMID- 7004067 TI - [St. Anne, Mary and the Child - why it is so difficult to be a mother today (part I)]. PMID- 7004068 TI - [Brief psychotherapy for phobic disorders during latency]. PMID- 7004069 TI - Some reflections on the therapeutic process of body language psychotherapy with adolescents. PMID- 7004070 TI - The child and family-therapy. PMID- 7004071 TI - Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The surgically excised stomachs were re-examined histopathologically, and eighteen cases were placed in the category of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). The distribution and the classes of infiltrating immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing cells were examined on lesions of RLH cases together with ten histopathologically determined malignant lymphomas (ML) of the stomach and the control stomachs. It was found that in eleven cases of RLH and one case of ML, many lymphoid cells bearing different classes of Ig were present in those lesions in an intermingled way (polyspecific group). Meanwhile, lymphoid cells in three RLH cases and two ML cases bore only a single monospecific Ig (monospecific group). In other cases, the number of Ig bearing cells were not sufficient to reach any clear conclusions (undetermined group). It was speculated that regardless of the histopathological diagnosis, the monospecific group might belong to the category of neoplasm of B cell type and the polyspecific group in the category of true reactive process. The possible histopathological criteria for differentiation of the reactive process and lymphoid neoplasm of the stomach were re-checked, and the importance of immunohistochemical study on these cases were stressed. PMID- 7004072 TI - Primary cerebral malignant lymphoma of the histiocytic type. AB - A 60-year-old house wife complained of anorexia, headaches and vomiting for several months. Later she developed disturbances in gait. At the terminal stage of her clinical course, 3 masses in the cerebrum and one in the cerebellum were detected by angiography and CT-scans. At autopsy, 3 masses in the frontal lobes, and one in each thalamus and still another in the cerebellum were found. They were accompanied with necrotic and haemorrhagic changes. Tumor cells were large irregular or round in shape, and showed metallophilia by the silver impregnations for reticlum cells and microglia. Some of them were multinucleated giant cells. Tumor cells showed occasionally phagocytic activity. Perivascular infiltration of tumor cells was marked around the tumor masses. PMID- 7004073 TI - Histopathological analysis of sixteen subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. AB - An immunopathological study was carried out on subcutaneous nodules (rheumatoid nodules) biopsied from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sixteen rheumatoid nodules were histologically classified into three stages, the 1st stage (acute inflammatory stage, 3 cases), the 2nd stage (granulomatous stage, 10 cases), and the 3rd stage (scar-formed stage, 3 cases). In necrotic or granulation tissue of the nodules in the 3 stages, immunofluorescent analysis using FITC-labeled rabbit anti-human immunoglobulins, beta 1C, and fibrinogen serum gamma-globulins and FITC-labeled aggregated human IgG gave results that were strongly positive in the 1st stage, moderately positive in the 2nd stage, and only slightly positive or almost negative in the 3rd stage. Acute or chronic thrombotic endoarteritis was observed around rheumatoid nodules in 6 out of the 16 cases. Among them, 2 cases of the 1st stage showed acute thrombotic endoarteritis with marked infiltration of neutrophils in the wall, and 2 cases of the 2nd and the 3rd stages respectively showed chronic endoarteritis with organized thrombi. PMID- 7004074 TI - The diagnosis of carcinoma in transurethral resectates of of the prostate. A study of the probability of overlooking malignant tissue when only part of the material is embedded for histological examination. AB - The purpose of this retrospective study based on the findings in routinely processed material from fifty-two consecutive cases of prostatic carcinomas is a mathematical calculation of the probability of including a carcinoma in the histological sections from tissue obtained by transurethral resection of the prostate when different embedding practices are followed. The analysis shows that if a material of a composition similar to ours were examined, the calculated probability to include at least one prostatic chip with malgnant tissue in the histological sections would be about 91% if one paraffin-block is made. The probability increases to about 96% when two blocks are used and comes close to 99% with four blocks. PMID- 7004075 TI - Cytoplasmic effects of X-irradiation on cultured cells in a non-dividing stage. 4. Studies of sparsely grown, serum-deprived cells. AB - Cultured human glial cells were blocked in interphase (G1) by 24 h of serum starvation and subsequently subjected to 200 Gy, 8 MV X-radiation. Immediately following irradiation the cultures were transferred to serum-containig medium. Time-lapse cinemicrography performed during the next 48 h showed a profoundly disturbed motility with decreased ability for polarization and locomotion of the irradiated cells. Specimens fixed 24 and 48 h after irradiation and investigated by immunofluorescence with tubulin-antibodies and DNase/DNase-antibodies, and by whole cell transmission electron microscopy showed derangements in the distribution of microfilament bundles related to the cytoplasmic ramification of the irradiated cells, but otherwise no detectable alterations in structure or distribution of either microtubules or microfilaments. It is suggested that the alteration in the arrangement of filament bundles is of importance to the impaired locomotion of the irradiated cells. PMID- 7004076 TI - Quantitative studies of the gastrin-producing cells of the human antrum. A methodological study. AB - The antral gastrin-producing cells (G-cells) have been identified by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique in two antrum preparations removed due to a recurrent duodenal and gastric ulcer. Morphometric principles were applied to the G-cells with determination of their volume density, numerical density, and mean cell volume. The study showed that within-observer variation, between-observer variation and within-patient variation were negligible, provided at least 200 G cells were counted. A biopsy material can be used, as well as larger tissue blocks, when this minimum sample size is respected. A method for estimating the total G-cell population and the total G-cell volume in the antrum was developed. In the antrum removed due to a gastric ulcer the number of G-cells was 190 x 10(6) and their total volume 176 mm3. PMID- 7004078 TI - Evaluation of ELISA in the diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica diarrhoea in children. AB - In a series of acute gastroenteritis in children, including 2 bacteriologically confirmed cases of Yersinia enterocolitica infection, paired sera from 286 patients were studied for the presence of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:9 antibodies, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the 2 cases with positive stool culture of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 significant rise was seen in each IgM, IgG and IgA class Y. enterocolitica 0:3 antibodies. There were 6 further cases with elevated anti-Yersinia IgM: these possibly false-positive reactions were distinguished from the confirmed cases of Y. enterocolitica infection by the absence of IgG and IgA antibodies. PMID- 7004077 TI - Immunochemical analysis of the teichoic acid from Staphylococcus simulans. AB - The wall teichoic acid of Staphylococcus simulans has been characterized as a glycerol phosphate polymer with glycosidically linked N-acetylglucosamine. Susceptibility to beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and serological similarity to poly C beta from Staphylococcus saprophyticus, showed that the amino sugar is in the beta-configuration. PMID- 7004079 TI - Effect of immunospecific Fab fragments of antirenin on plasma renin and blood pressure. AB - Anti-mouse renin specific Fab fragment was labelled with 125I and repurified on an affinity-column with renin as ligand in order to eliminate Fab fragments with a damaged antibody combining site. The 125I-labelled Fab fragment, with addition of unlabelled Fab fragment, was administered in vivo to sialoadenectomized mice. The serum disappearance curve of the Fab fragments with the intact antibody combining site possessed two components with a half life of 120 min for the slowest component. The renin specific Fab fragments inhibited the enzymatic activity of renin with a KI-value of 5.5 +/- 1.5 x 10(-9) M, compatible with competitive inhibition. The same Fab fragments were able to inhibit 99% of the enzymatic active renin. The administration of the Fab fragments caused a 3-4 fold increase in the total concentration of plasma renin, but the enzymatic activity was inhibited. No decrease in blood pressure was demonstrated in the animals. PMID- 7004081 TI - Immunoglobulin classes of urinary and serum antibodies in mycoplasmal pyelonephritis. AB - During 9 attacks of M. hominis pyelonephritis in 8 patients, the presence of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies in urine and serum was studied by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Antibodies were present in the urine for a period of 12 days. One to 4 days after the onset of the attack, IgA was in all cases demonstrable in urine, followed later by IgG. IgM was present in the urine of one patient only during the first 4 days of illness. In serum, IgG appeared as early as 1-4 days after the attack, followed later by IgA and IgM, IgA disappearing after one to two weeks. PMID- 7004080 TI - Structure and function of human effusion macrophages from patients with malignant and benign disease. 1. Isolation, morphology, proliferation and phagocytosis. AB - The inflammatory cell composition of pleural or ascitic effusion fluids from 13 patients with malignant disease and 8 patients with benign disease was analyzed. The macrophage content in the effusions was 4.1 x 10(5) +/- 1.3 cells/ml (mean +/ SEM), with large variation (range 0.1 - 27.9 x 10(5) cells/ml) among patients. Major blood cell contamination was excluded by the finding of low red blood cell/nucleated cell ratios in the effusions. Effusion macrophages were isolated by Ficoll/Isopaque centrifugation and plastic adherence. Monolayers of > 90% alpha-napthyl-esterase-positive and/or phagocytic cells were produced in most experiments. Adherent effusion cells incorporated low amounts of methyl-3H thymidine (methyl-3H-TdR). Most cells in DNA-synthesis were removed by trypsin, indicating that they were not macrophages. Lymphokine supernatants induced increased methyl-3H-TdR incorporation in adherent cells in 3 of 8 experiments, and microscopic proliferation of phagocytic cells was evident in one experiment. Endotoxin and Corynebacterium parvum reduced adherent cell DNA-synthesis slightly. Effusion macrophages ingested more 125I-labelled Candida albicans than peripheral blood monocytes. The ability to degrade ingested Candida and the cell adherence after phagocytosis were found to be greater in the macrophages than in monocytes. Effusion macrophages with monocyte-like, undifferentiated appearance differentiated like monocytes in vitro. Further in vitro differentiation of macrophages with more differentiated appearance often seemed to be blocked, the cells dying gradually after 4-8 days in vitro. PMID- 7004082 TI - Degradation of non-opsonized 32P-labelled E. coli by unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Evaluation of a method. AB - Five hours after the ingestion of non-opsonized E. coli by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro, 60-70 per cent of the bacteria were killed, estimated as decrease in colony forming units. When employing 32P-labelled E. coli, 50-60 per cent of the radioactivity was released to the medium by the macrophages during the same period of time. The mean number of visually-counted bacteria per macrophage was constant in the post-ingestive period. The macrophages killed the bacteria without early destruction. The release of radioactivity seemed to reflect the degradation of bacteria in the macrophages. PMID- 7004083 TI - Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of IgM-class rheumatoid factor: comparison of three methods for preparation of the solid-phase target IgG. AB - Three solid-phase forms of human IgG were compared for their ability to function as the binding target in an enzyme immunoassay for IgM-class rheumatoid factor (RF). IgG was either directly adsorbed to polystyrene beads (method A), or immunologically (method B) or covalently (method C) bound to protein adsorbed to beads. The data presented indicate that C is the method of choice for the preparation of the RF assay solid-phase IgG. PMID- 7004084 TI - Smooth-muscle antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA) detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method were found more often in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (15.3%) than in normal controls (7.6%) (0.02 > p > 0.01). The increased frequency was due to IgG antibodies which occurred in 12.2% of RA patients, in 4.1% of normal controls and in 7.3% of patients with other arthritic diseases. Eight of 9 IgG-SMA-positive RA sera reacted with F-actin, and one serum contained non-actin antibodies. In RA, ANA were found in 35.7%, glomerular antibodies in 1.0%, parietal cell antibodies in 4.1% and mitochondrial antibodies in 2.0%. SMA were associated with the occurrence of rheumatoid factors and mitochondrial antibodies (0.02% > p and 2p = 0.04, respectively). In the SMA-positive group the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase values were found more often than in the SMA-negative group. PMID- 7004085 TI - Investigations on the effects of certain hormones on acetylcholine metabolism in the central nervous system. AB - The investigations were carried out on white rats determining the level and synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and in some experiments also in the brain stem. Thyroxine administered subcutaneously increased ACh synthesis in the cerbral cortex and reduced it in the striatum without changing the level of ACh in these structures. After thyroxine administration in vitro these changes were not observed. Intraperitoneal insulin caused no changes in the level and synthesis of ACh while in vitro ACh synthesis was increased in the cortex as well as striatum after insulin. Glucagon, hydrocortisone, adiuretin and oxytocin had no effect on ACh level and synthesis in the tested structures. PMID- 7004086 TI - Serotonin content of the anterior and medial-basal hypothalamus in the female rats throughout the course of estrous cycle. AB - Serotonin content in the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) and medial basal (MBH) hypothalamus has been estimated (by the spectrofluorometric method) throughout the course of estrous cycle in the female rats. Serotonin content has been found to decrease significantly on the day of early and late proestrous in AHA and MBH, respectively. The involvement of serotonin in the process of regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone(s) release on the level of AHA and MBH is discussed. PMID- 7004087 TI - Effect of fever on blood copper level in adrenalectomized animals. AB - In the experiments on adrenalectomized animals it was shown that the fever associated rise in the blood copper level was absent in these animals. Hydrocortisone administration to adrenalectomized animals restored the normal reactivity of the animals to injections of pyrogens. PMID- 7004089 TI - [Determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in herbal powders produced in 1973-1975]. PMID- 7004088 TI - Effects of clonidine, guanethidine and furosemide on the development of vasopressin hypertension in rat. AB - The influence of clonidine, guanethidine and furosemide on the development of arterial hypertension was studied in rats with hypertension induced by repeated administration of lysine vasopressin. It was found that these drugs administered during long time periods together with lysine vasopressin prevented the development of arterial hypertension. When any of these drugs was given in combination with vasopressin plasma renin activity failed to rise and the level and turnover of catecholamines in rat brain were unchanged. PMID- 7004090 TI - [Paracetamol pharmacokinetics after oral administration of a single dose in the form of tablets and syrup]. PMID- 7004091 TI - Hospital and outpatient care for psychotic patients during the last three decades. Subsequent hospital and outpatient treatment of psychotic patients hospitalized for the first time in 1949--50, 1959--60 or 1969--70. AB - The study deals with the development in the extent of hospital treatment and trends concerning outpatient visits for psychotics in Turku hospitalized for the first time in 1949--50 (period of shock therapy), 1959--60 (period of neuroleptics) or 1969--70 (period of intensified outpatient treatment). The bed capacity for psychiatric patients increased in Turku in the 1950-s, but has declined slowly since then. The number of hospitalized cases nevertheless continued to rise up to the 1970's. The number of caretaking personnel in the outpatient sector has increased five-fold and the extent of outpatient visits 20 fold over the 25 years covered by the study. After the introduction of neuroleptics, first hospitalizations became shorter, as fewer and fewer patients remained in long-term hospital treatment. At the same time the annual extent of hospital treatment declined, whereas rehospitalizations became more frequent. Along with intensified outpatient treatment first hospitalizations became still shorter, but the total need for hospital treatment was not reduced. During intensified outpatient treatment, rehospitalization was rapid and, at first, frequent; subsequently rehospitalizations became less frequent compared to the period of neuroleptics. In the 1970's intensive outpatient treatment provided immediately after the first hospital stay appears to be most clearly associated with a reduction in the number of hospital treatment days of schizophrenics. In the case of psychoses of old age an increased extent of outpatient treatment did not lead to a decline in the need for hospital treatment. PMID- 7004092 TI - Increased urinary protein excretion after intravenous injection of furosemide in man. AB - The furosemide-induced increase in protein excretion, and its relations to 1) the size of protein molecules as reflected by three enzymes, and 2) glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma renin activity (PRA) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2 alpha excretions were studied in 14 outpatients with normal renal function and 13 healthy males. Furosemide (120 mg) was given intravenously, and thereafter the protein excretion and the above parameters were monitored for 1--2 hours. In both groups, furosemide caused a transient increase in protein excretion. The excretion of the largest molecule, beta-glucuronidase, rose to 6.3-fold, while those of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and of the smallest molecule, alpha amylase, increased by 91 and 37%, respectively. GFR increased, too, but markedly less than the protein excretion. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretions increased more than GFR and changed simultaneously with the excretion of proteins. Furosemide also caused a marked increase in PRA. This lasted, however, much longer than the rise in PG and protein excretion or GFR. The results suggest that the furosemide induced increase in protein excretion is 1) related to the molecular size of proteins, 2) partly due to the rise in GFR, 3) simultaneous with the change in PG excretion. Our findings also agree with the view that furosemide causes changes in glomerular permeability. PMID- 7004093 TI - Psychological and social problems encountered in active treatment of chronic uraemia. III. Prediction of the living donor's psychological reaction. AB - Sixteen kidney donors were interviewed by a psychiatrist and given the Rorschach test before and one year after operation. We used our previous study as a basis in predicting the expectable level of psychic traumatization that the donation process would provoke. In 10 of the donors the prediction proved to be correct. A trend towards a better predictability was observed in cases of successful transplantation. An unsuccessful operation is always followed by psychological complications, reducing the possibilities of an accurate prediction and necessitating psychotherapeutic help. The present procedures are clinically simple and require relatively little time. PMID- 7004094 TI - Blood glucose control and lipolysis in diabetes mellitus. AB - The relationship between the blood glucose level and the rate of lipolysis was investigated in 19 maturity onset diabetics (MOD) and 9 juvenile onset diabetics (JOD). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was incubated with and without isoprenaline or noradrenaline. Before antidiabetic treatment the blood glucose concentration was positively correlated with basal and catecholamine-induced rates of lipolysis in MOD (R = 0.41--0.60) and in JOD (r = 0.51--0.71). The reduction in blood glucose concentration during antidiabetic treatment was positively correlated with the reduction in the rate of lipolysis in MOD (r = 0.50--0.64) and in JOD (r = 0.75- 0.90). Fat cell size and blood glucose level were not correlated either in untreated or treated diabetics. In diabetes mellitus, blood glucose homeostasis and rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue seem to be associated. The relationship is most apparent in JOD. PMID- 7004095 TI - Early insulin response in latent gestational diabetes. AB - The intravenous glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated early insulin response (EIR) were studied in late pregnancy and post partum in a reference (R) group of 9 women and in 18 women with latent gestational diabetes (LD), defined as a k value of < 0.66/h and a normal fasting blood glucose concentration. During pregnancy, the LD group showed a lower EIR than the R group. However, the response ranged between normal and non-detectable. In the non-pregnant state, the EIR was the same in the two groups. The inability to increase the EIR during pregnancy wss most evident in women who even post partum had an abnormal glucose tolerance. In some women in the LD group, the EIR during pregnancy was even lower than in the non-pregnant state. The magnitude of the response in the non-pregnant state was not decisive of the capacity to increase the secretion during pregnancy. None of the women in the LD group developed manifest diabetes during pregnancy. They gave birth to children with normal birth weight, and no neonatal problems were registered except for one child with congenital heart malformation. PMID- 7004096 TI - Membranous glomerulopathy in a patient on captopril. AB - This case report describes a patient with essential hypertension in whom captopril during seven months resulted in a nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy specimen revealed membranous glomerulopathy stage I. After withdrawal of the drug, urinary protein loss disappeared within ten days. However, a second biopsy three months later still showed granular deposition of IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 in the glomerular basement membrane and unchanged subepithelial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. Glomerular filtration rate remained normal during the observation period. PMID- 7004097 TI - The procoagulant activity of leukocytes pretreated with radiodetoxified endotoxin. AB - Rabbits were treated with Escherichia coli 089 endotoxin detoxified by ionizing irradiation (60 Co-gamma). The leukocytes (PMNs in 90%) obtained from rabbits that had been treated with the mother endotoxin elicited a well defined, those obtained from rabbits pretreated with detoxified endotoxin elicited a less pronounced, procoagulant activity. It is suggested that the procoagulant effect may play a part in the mechanism of the local Shwartzman phenomenon. PMID- 7004098 TI - Studies on the teratogenicity of PVC. PMID- 7004099 TI - The importance of epidemiology in identifying drugs which may cause malformations -with particular reference to drugs containing sex hormones. PMID- 7004100 TI - Changes in nuclear volume of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the water frog (Rana Esculenta L.) in the annual cycle. AB - In sexually mature female and male Rana esculenta L. frogs directly from natural habitat, in six characteristic periods of their life cycle, nuclear volume in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum was determined. Nuclear volume in Purkinje cells changed distinctly in the course of the year. Nuclear volume was greatest in females in the breeding period (3rd decade of May), and in males in the middle of the period of active life (2nd decade of July). Nuclear volume was the smallest at the beginning of hibernation (3rd decade of October). PMID- 7004102 TI - An air-drying method for preparing metaphase from spermatogonial cells of Chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus). PMID- 7004101 TI - Forms and causes of human malformations. PMID- 7004104 TI - An approach to stereotaxic radiography. AB - A simple approach to stereotaxic radiography, including a new method for determination of target coordinates, is described. The proposed technique may be used in combination with conventional equipment for roentgen examinations available in X-ray departments and operating rooms; the only additional outfit needed is a coordinate frame that can be attached to the patient's head. Determination of the coordinates is easily made graphically, or from a simple equation using a pocket calculator or a mini-computer. PMID- 7004103 TI - Parkinsonism: If surgery is necessary, can it help spontaneous movement and motor fatiguing? AB - Eleven patients with Parkinsonism had unilateral sterotaxic lesions made in the vicinity of the ventrolateral thalamus to reduce contralateral tremor and rigidity. The results indicate that a lesion of this sort allows motor fatiguing to improve in those limbs in which rigidity is reduced. It increases contraletral spontaneous movement if it relieves rigidity by a sufficient amount. Otherwise spontaneous movement is reduced. The lesion affects the spontaneous movement of the ipsilateral arm in parellel with its effect on the contralateral one. PMID- 7004105 TI - Indications for stereotactic biopsy in brain tumours. AB - The techniques of stereotactic biopsy of mass lesions of the brain are described, and the indications are discussed. Since computerized axial tomography has become available the decision to perform a stereotactic biopsy is made more frequently than previously. Stereotactic techniques for neuro-oncology are a continously expanding field of largely diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic prodecures. It now seems likely that most centres concerned with brain tumour patients will make use of stereotactic biopsies in the future. A series of 60 stereotactic biopsies performed in the management of otherwise inaccessible tumours of the brain is presented. PMID- 7004106 TI - [Jose Iglesias de la Torre 1904-1979]. PMID- 7004107 TI - Effects of microwave irradiation on microorganisms. PMID- 7004108 TI - Neurons and paraneurons in the sympathetic ganglia of mammals. PMID- 7004109 TI - Ultrastructural study of the frog sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7004110 TI - Use of antibodies to norepinephrine and epinephrine in immunohistochemistry. AB - Antibodies were raised in rabbits and sheep with antigens prepared by coupling NE or E to bovine serum albumin. Tissues were fixed with either 4% paraformaldehyde or 4% paraformaldehyde plus 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3). Cryostat sections were stained by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Two parenchymal cell types, representing the NE and E-storing cells, were observed in the adrenal medulla. In the central nervous system, fibers and perikarya could be visualized by the antiserum to the NE antigen. In the peripheral nervous system, NE immunoreactive fibers were demonstrated. There was no detectable cross reactivity of NE antibodies with regard to E and 5-HT. Cross reactivity of E antibodies to NE and 5-HT equally could not be demonstrated. PMID- 7004111 TI - Tropic, trophic, and transforming effects of nerve growth factor. PMID- 7004112 TI - Localization of (Met5)- and (Leu5)-enkephalin in nerve terminals and SIF cells in adult human sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7004113 TI - Regulation of glutamate biosynthesis and release by pathophysiological levels of ammonium ions. PMID- 7004116 TI - Structure-activity studies on ibotenic acid and related muscimol analogues. PMID- 7004114 TI - An analysis of glutamate-induced ion fluxes across the membrane of spinal motoneurons of the frog. PMID- 7004115 TI - Actions of excitatory amino acids on membrane conductance and potential in motoneurones. PMID- 7004117 TI - Glutamate in cortical fibers. PMID- 7004119 TI - Kainic acid and other excitotoxins: a comparative analysis. PMID- 7004118 TI - Electrophysiological studies of kainate, quisqualate, and ibotenate action on the crayfish neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7004120 TI - Role of excitatory pathways in the hippocampal damage produced by kainic acid. PMID- 7004121 TI - Glutamate in hippocampal pathways. AB - The three consecutive main excitatory neurone projections in the hippocampal formation (the perforant path, the mossy fibres and the pyramidal cell axons) all show acidic amino acid uptake in their terminals. This is in accordance with other data pointing to the transmitter function of glutamate and/or aspartate in the perforant path and pyramidal cell axons. In the mossy fibres the role of these amino acids has so far not been determined. The localization of glutamate and aspartate uptake in the excitatory axon systems contrasts with the localization of GABA uptake in the axons of the inhibitory basket cells and other short axon neurones. PMID- 7004122 TI - Glutamatergic pathways in the pigeon and the rat brain. PMID- 7004123 TI - Infarct size reduction: A critical review. PMID- 7004124 TI - Management of stable and unstable angina with observations on lessons learned from the prospective controlled studies. PMID- 7004125 TI - A new approach to clinical decision-making in coronary artery disease: observations on subsets within the Duke University Data Bank. AB - In summary, the Duke University Coronary Artery Disease Data Bank contains over 4,000 patients. It plays an important role in clinical decision-making in the management of individual patients. Current research projects involve the elucidation of natural history and the development of multivariable statistical methods for analyzing large numbers of baseline characteristics in a large number of patients. With these techniques, the data bank will continue to be a powerful tool in rationally examining the benefits of present and future therapeutic interventions in the management of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7004126 TI - The effect of coronary artery bypass on longevity. A surgeon's viewpoint. AB - Enthusiasm for new therapeutic modalities frequently results in a ground swell of overuse, which recedes to leave a trough of negativism before a definitive level is established. In the case of CABG, the ground swell has become a 10-year flood tide, without an ebb, although ripples have marred the surface. It is generally agreed that suitable control populations are needed to determine the role of a therapy and that the best controls would arise from randomized prospective trials. At present, the best randomized trial is the VA study which has shown that operation does not enhance longevity for single vessel disease, but clearly does for left main coronary disease. In those individuals with two- and three vessel disease, the VA study has not shown that surgical therapy is better than medical treatment. However, three other studies containing patients selected by the VA criteria indicate that operation provides significantly greater longevity for patients in these two categories. Acceptance of this position requires acknowlegement of the validity of the VA study and the comparison of extramural concurrent surgical series. PMID- 7004127 TI - Does myocardial protection work? AB - These data would suggest that hypothermia combined with potassium cardioplegia enhances protection of the ischemic myocardium over other available techniques. The ideal conduct of this myocardial protection is not yet apparent but certain aspects are worthy of emphasis. (1) With the onset of ischemia cardioplegia should be immediately induced to abolish contractile activity and conserve energy. An advantage of blood cardioplegia is that there is no ischemia or it is trivial priorto cardioplegia. (2) The greater the degree of myocardial cooling the better. Although a myocardial temperature of 20 degrees C can commonly be achieved with perfusion hypothermia and topical hypothermia, it is possible to reduce myocardial temperature to 10 degrees C or lower with these same modalities. Because perfusion hypothermia provides fairly uniform rapid myocardial cooling, this should be maximally utilized by cooling of the systemic perfusate to 20 degrees C and cooling the cardioplegic infusate to 4-10 degrees C. Cardiac hypothermia should be maintained with crushed ice made from electrolyte solution or irrigation of the pericardial sac with cold electrolyte solution. The greater the degree of systemic hypothermia the less tendency for the myocardium to warm. (3) The ideal concentration of potassium is unknown at this time with a range of 15-40 mEq/l having been utilized without apparent potassium injury. (4) The ideal composition of the vehicle may never be defined and may not be of great importance. Whole blood would appear to offer physiological and pragmatic advantages over asanguinous vehicles. (5) The safe duration of ischemia has been moderately well defined. 1 h is well tolerated in the dog using profound cardiac hypothermia, whereas 30-45 min with lesser degrees of hypothermia is acceptable. When the interval of ischemia is to be 2 or 3 h reinfusion of potassium every 20-30 min has proven safe both experimentally and clinically. PMID- 7004128 TI - Late results of surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries. AB - In summary, many of these patients have achieved a normal working capacity, but as a group there is a statistically significant reduction when compared to healthy children (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the group of patients who had their Mustard operation in infancy and later. As yet, there is no suggestion that the older patients, or those with the longest time interval between the operation and the exercise test, have a progressive reduction in working capacity. The decreased working capacity and moderate increase in ventilation suggests restricted cardiac output on exercise. This could be related to the abnormal heart rate response rather than indicating poor ventricular function. Equally, a restricted cardiac output on exercise may be due to inefficiency of atrial transport, tricuspid regurgitation or unmasked pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. Further studies may clarify these points. This study demonstrated that the exercise performance of asymptomatic patients 6 13 years after Mustard's operation was somewhat diminished, compared with a group of normal children. Nevertheless, these patients did lead and enjoy a normal life. Only longitudinal studies may bring the final answer to the important question: How many patients will be alive with normal or near normal exercise tolerance 40-50 years after Mustard's operation? Until such an answer is available, we believe that the Mustard operation should be used in the treatment of TGA, while the alternative techniques are carefully explored. PMID- 7004129 TI - Current status of radionuclide imaging in the management and evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease. AB - The current status of radionuclide imaging in the patients with cardiac disease has been reviewed. Currently it is possible to detect acute myocardial infarction, exercise-induced or spontaneous myocardial ischemia and ventricular function during rest or exercise in a relatively noninvasive manner. The recent development of mobile computer/camera systems opened the possibility for the study and evaluation of critically ill patients. Further developments of techniques and instrumentation can be expected in the near future. PMID- 7004131 TI - Growth inhibition of lymphoblast leukemia cells by amplifying factors of glucocorticoid actions. PMID- 7004130 TI - Functions of intracellular glutathione in hepatic hydroperoxide and drug metabolism and the role of extracellular glutathione. PMID- 7004132 TI - Expression of insulin receptors during preadipocyte differentiation. PMID- 7004133 TI - Cryoenzymology in aqueous media. PMID- 7004134 TI - Transcription in acellular slime moulds. PMID- 7004135 TI - Plasma membrane and cell cortex interactions in lymphocyte functions. PMID- 7004137 TI - Screening and evaluation of anticoccidial activity. PMID- 7004136 TI - Control of experimental contact sensitivity. PMID- 7004139 TI - In vitro methods to predict for patient response to chemotherapy. PMID- 7004138 TI - Distribution and classification of airway histamine receptors: the physiological significance of histamine H2-receptors. PMID- 7004141 TI - Salicylates: molecular mechanism of therapeutic action. PMID- 7004140 TI - Prenatal and neonatal toxicology and pathology of heavy metals. PMID- 7004142 TI - Physiological and pharmacological determinants of sensitivity and resistance to 5 fluorouracil in lower animals and man. PMID- 7004143 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase: binding of substrates and inhibitors and catalytic mechanism. PMID- 7004144 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system and muscle metabolism: biochemical aspects. PMID- 7004145 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system and muscle metabolism--clinical aspects. PMID- 7004147 TI - Distribution of serotypes of group-B streptococci in herds and cows within an area of Denmark. PMID- 7004146 TI - Assay for antibody in pig fetuses infected with porcine parvovirus. PMID- 7004148 TI - Blood levels of testosterone after Gn-RH injection in boars with or without libido. PMID- 7004149 TI - Comparative studies on Corynebacterium pyogenes toxin formation in monocultures and mixed cultures. The demonstration of a stimulating effect of Peptococcus indolicus and Stuart-Schwan cocci. PMID- 7004150 TI - English remediation and the older deaf student: the computer as a tool. PMID- 7004151 TI - Microcomputers in the service of students and teachers--computer-assisted instruction at the California School for the Deaf: an update. PMID- 7004152 TI - Computer-aided instruction at the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind. PMID- 7004154 TI - Psychosocial and behavioral influences in the pathogenesis of acquired cardiovascular disease. AB - When taken together, studies relating psychosocial and behavioral factors to cardiovascular disease phenomena provide justification for the conclusion that such factors are importantly involved. We would emphasize the need to study and evaluate the interaction of environmental and biological factors in both laboratory studies of pathogenesis as well as in clinical studies of management. Indeed, upon careful scrutiny, even the accepted "nonbehavioral" risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are each composite manifestations rather than single pathogens whose identities are powerfully impregnanted and bolstered by varieties of behavioral and psychosocial underpinnings. In view of the awesome impact of contemporary cardiovascular disease, both in terms of its increasing socioeconomic importance and its biologic devastation, we can not long afford comprehensive public health programs without increased and improved attention to psychosocial and behavioral influences in the pathogenesis of acquired cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7004153 TI - Infective endocarditis: therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7004155 TI - Cardioversion and defibrillation. AB - The use of electrical energy for the immediate treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias is practical and easily applied. The method, though simple, is the most effective method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias and is associated with only a low risk if properly employed. In symptomatic patients, the utilization of cardioversion reduces patient discomfort and complications which may occur while awaiting pharmacologic reversion of arrhythmia. At present, transthoracic defibrillation is the only practical method for terminating VF. Despite the safety of electrical reversion, proper precautions are necessary to prevent complications. In particular, the discharge of excessive energies, especially in the presence of digitalis toxicity, promises grave and life threatening consequences. The use of antiarrhythmic medications is not supplanted by cardioversion and defibrillation. Rather, ongoing drug therapy is frequently necessary to prevent recurrence of arrhythmia. PMID- 7004156 TI - On the elastic and rigid forms of constrictive pericarditis. AB - This article discusses a thesis regarding the pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis. The thesis is that there are two forms of constriction, one being elastic and the other more analogous to a rigid shell. The two forms of constriction are considered to cause different patterns of the diagnostic signs of constriction. The elastic form is similar to cardiac tamponade, and is associated with prominent paradoxical pulse and systolic descent in the venous pressure waveform. The rigid shell type has less prominent paradoxical pulse and a more conspicuous diastolic descent in the venous pressure waveform, often associated with an early diastolic sound (pericardial knock). Recognition of these two types of constriction may be helpful in clinical diagnosis and in understanding the pathophysiology of pericardial disease. PMID- 7004157 TI - Diet in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7004158 TI - The clinical use of intravenous verapamil. AB - The mechanisms of action and clinical application of verapamil--a calcium ion antagonist--are reviewed. Verapamil is effective and has important application in the treatment of coronary artery spasm, hypertensive crises, and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7004159 TI - Placebo controlled study of prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Successful prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction might achieve a major reduction in mortality of this condition. No satisfactory drug is yet available, but many new antiarrhythmic agents are being tested in this role. Such placebo controlled investigations in the earliest phase of myocardial infarction encounter unique problems of study design, drug pharmacokinetics, study conduct, and data analysis. PMID- 7004160 TI - External pressure circulatory assistance: no light on the shadow. PMID- 7004161 TI - Platelet function studies in coronary heart disease. IX. Increased platelet prostaglandin generation and abnormal platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and endoperoxide analog in angina pectoris. AB - Platelet prostaglandin generation (malondialdehyde production) and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor) and to epoxymethanodienoic acid (EMA) (a vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation stimulant endoperoxide analog) were studied in patients with angina pectoris and in control subjects. Platelet malondialdehyde production was higher in patients than in control subjects (mean +/- standard error of the mean 2.50 +/- 0.30 versus 1.70 +/- 0.13 nmol/10(9) platelets, p < 0.02). Platelets from patients were significantly less sensitive to prostacyclin's antiaggregatory effects than were those from control subjects (amount of prostacyclin required for 50 percent platelet aggregation inhibition 1.90 +/- 0.35 versus 0.68 +/- 0.05 ng, p < 0.02). Furthermore, less EMA was required to induce 50 percent platelet aggregation in patients with angina pectoris than in the normal subjects (133 +/- 8 versus 194 +/- 16 ng, p < 0.001). These observations suggest that increased platelet prostaglandin generation and abnormal platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and endoperoxide analog in certain patients with coronary artery disease are important potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7004162 TI - Cytodifferentiation of the rat Paneth cell: an immunocytochemical investigation in suckling and weanling animals. PMID- 7004163 TI - Utilization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane for in vitro growth of the embryonic murine kidney. AB - Previous experimental investigations of embryonic kidney development with in vitro organ-culture techniques have been limited by the short duration of graft viability and lack of detailed anatomic development. In a modified application of the chick chorioallantoic-membrane (CAM) grafting technique, we have transplanted 11-day-old undifferentiated embryonic murine kidney rudiments and studied their differentiation and early morphogenesis. Surviving grafts, maintained for 5-10 days on the CAM, demonstrated well-developed convoluted secretory tubules and highly branched collecting ducts. Definitive glomeruli were also identified in these grafts by the presence of efferent tubules, visceral and parietal epithelium, capillary tuft, and Bowman's space. In vitro branching of the ureteric bud preceded formation of definitive tubules. Sections of the CAM grafts appeared histologically comparable to the 14-15-day in vivo embryonic metanephros. Grafts of 10-day-old rudiments showed minimal kidney development; fewer grafts survived, fewer tubules were formed, and fewer glomeruli developed. Our results indicate that the CAM is an efficient site for in vitro murine kidney development with both vascularization of the explant and extensive maturation, including the appearance of primitive nephron units. PMID- 7004164 TI - Precocious development of granular convoluted tubules in the mouse submandibular gland induced by thyroxine or by thyroxine and testosterone. PMID- 7004165 TI - Loss of microsomal antigen in follicular and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. An immunofluorescence and electron-microscopic study. AB - All malignant neoplastic cells of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and the majority of follicular carcinoma cells do not demonstrate the presence of normal cytoplasmic microsomal antigen. Follicular adenomas contain cells that demonstrate microsomal antigen, as well as cells that do not. This contrasts with normal and goitrous thyroid glands, which show positive fluorescence of all follicle cells. A concomitant immunofluorescence and ultrastructural study was performed using five normal thyroid specimens, six nodular goiters, five follicular adenomas, four follicular carcinomas, and four papillary carcinomas. The tissues were stained by a sandwich technic with initial incubation with human serum containing high-titer antimicrosomal antibody followed by incubation with fluorescein-conjugated goat antihuman polyspecific serum. The fluorescence findings suggest loss or functional alteration of the normal microsomal antigen in malignant neoplastic cells and some benign neoplastic cells. Ultrastructural study of tissue blocks from the same specimens revealed no conclusive difference in the cytoplasmic organelles of benign and malignant cells. The conclusion is that the immunologic identity of neoplastic follicle cells, as compared with that of normal cells, is altered prior to observable ultrastructural alteration of cytoplasmic constituents. PMID- 7004166 TI - Immunofluorescence findings in human renal amyloidosis. AB - Positive direct immunofluorescence findings have been occasionally reported for human renal amyloidosis. However, no substantial information describing the frequency of immunomicroscopic pattern has been reported. Twenty-seven renal biopsy specimens with proven amyloidosis were studied by direct immunofluorescence using monospecific antisera against IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, kappa and lambda light chains, C3, C4 properdin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, albumin, transferrin, and fibrinogen. Ten biopsy specimens were negative. The remaining specimens showed principally a diffuse immunofluorescent staining of the mesangial areas with various of the above fluorescein-labeled antisera except IgE, albumin, and transferrin antisera, which gave a consistently negative reaction. IgD, properdin, or fibrinogen were weakly identified in only one case. Immunoglobulins and C3 were observed in 14 cases. Kappa and/or lambda light chains were found in nine of ten biopsy specimens so tested. Positive immunofluorescent staining of other elements of the nephron was rarely observed. These results suggest that various immunoreactants, in addition to light chains, can be frequently detected in renal amyloidosis and that passive nonselective absorption of plasma proteins does not explain these immunomicroscopic findings. PMID- 7004167 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient in whom an undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed after treatment for Hodgkin's disease is described. The second tumor occurred eight years after the initial diagnosis, two years after the completion of combined radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy. The pertinent literature is reviewed, with an emphasis on the potential risk of multimodal antineoplastic treatment's causing secondary neoplasms. PMID- 7004168 TI - Alcoholism--the second great imitator. An introduction to the problem of alcoholism. AB - The problem of alcohol abuse and alcoholism pervades our society. The economic losses run into billions of dollars annually. What is more important is the number of fatalities associated with the problem and the effect of alcohol on decision-making processes within all areas of government and nongovernment. The pathologist must understand the fundamental diagnostic processes, recognize the anatomic and clinical findings, and treat alcoholism as a medical problem. PMID- 7004169 TI - Acute toxicology of ethanol ingestion. Role of the clinical laboratory. AB - Information from the clinical laboratory can contribute in several ways to the evaluation and management of the acute consequences of alcohol ingestion. If a blood alcohol analysis is not available, measurement of serum osmolality can be helpful. An elevated ethanol level can explain central nervous system depression. Evidence of acute or chronic alcohol use can explain atypical responses to various drugs. Severe acidosis in association with an increased anion gap may suggest ingestion of other toxic volatiles, such as methanol or ethylene glycol. Alcoholic ketoacidosis, also associated with a large anion gap, may occur in the absence of measureable alcohol or positive test for ketones. PMID- 7004170 TI - The collection and handling of the blood alcohol specimen. AB - Proper collection, handling, and storage of the blood alcohol specimen are essential in medicolegal cases involving the question of sobriety. A standard operating procedure is necessary to ensure maximum reliability. Comments are offered on the advantages of using blood specimens in preference to urine or tissue specimens. The use of a conversion factor to obtain a calculated "presumed blood level" can be dangerous. Cautions and suggestions are offered regarding how and from where the blood should be obtained from a living person and during an autopsy. There are certain time limitations for storage of these blood-alcohol specimens. Each laboratory must establish its own limits for reliable storage, given the conditions in that laboratory. Unexpected and confusing results can lead to an erroneous interpretation if history, circumstances, type of injury, and survival time are not all carefully considered. Several possibilities for error in judgment are discussed. PMID- 7004171 TI - A quantitative enzyme immunoassay for IgM rheumatoid factor using human immunoglobulin G as substrate. AB - A quantitative "sandwich" enzyme-immunoassay for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) using human immunoglobulin G as substrate covalently bound to small plastic discs is described. The findings indicate that it is a simple, sensitive, reproducible, and specific method for measuring RF activity. Test results are reported in IU/ml on the basis of the World Health Organization reference RF serum, permitting standardized reporting of this determination between laboratories using this method. Interassay and interlaboratory variability of results are less than 7%. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results correlated well with those found by latex and bentonite flocculation titrations. A number of ELISA RF positive specimens that were latex-negative and/or Waaler-Rose-negative were confirmed positive by inhibition of the assay with soluble aggregated human IgG, but not with nonaggregated human IgG. Comparison was made between ELISA RF results when using goat or human IgG as substrate. Human IgG was usually more reactive with RFs than was goat IgG. PMID- 7004173 TI - Diminished complement reactivity in the paraffin-embedded immunofluorescence technic. PMID- 7004172 TI - A comparison of the sensitivities and specificities of different substrates for the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test. AB - Six different commercially available substrates for fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) testing were compared with mouse liver, using a panel of well- characterized sera. Mouse liver sections and cultured HEP2 cells appeared to be most sensitive and specific. Although most substrates were acceptable, several were quite insensitive. These results underscore the importance of substrate performance in FANA testing. PMID- 7004174 TI - Insulin biosynthesis and C-peptide. Practical applications from basic research. PMID- 7004175 TI - Urine C-peptide, beta-cell function, and insulin requirement. AB - Urinary C-peptide excretion was investigated as a method for monitoring beta-cell function in diabetic patients and for studying the contribution of endogenous insulin production to diabetic control. Control subjects had variations in serum and urine C-peptide immunoreactivity that correlated with basal and meal-related insulin secretion. In a group of well-controlled juvenile diabetic patients, those receiving high doses of insulin had low or negligible C-peptide excretion, whereas most patients with low exogenous insulin requirements had near-normal urinary C-peptide excretion. Patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis had recovery of beta-cell function as measured by C-peptide immunoreactivity in serial urine specimens. Thus, measurement of urinary C-peptide excretion is a simple technique that may be useful in assessing endogenous insulin production in juvenile diabetic patients. PMID- 7004176 TI - Acute pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. A double-blind trial of tobramycin and placebo therapy. AB - To determine the effect of antimicrobial therapy on acute pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis, a randomized, double-blind trial of tobramycin and placebo was carried out. Clinical responses were satisfactory in all 11 children given tobramycin and in seven of 11 given placebo. Two patients in the placebo group died. No patient given placebo had improved results on pulmonary function studies, whereas improvement of 15% or more occurred in four of the six patients given tobramycin who could cooperate with the testing. Quantitative cultures of sputum showed a decrease of 1 logarithm or greater in Pseudomonas sp concentrations in six of seven patients in the tobramycin group and in two of eight in the placebo group. No difference in staphylococcal colonization was found. Several features indicate that children with severer disease were randomly assigned to the placebo group; nevertheless, the trend toward improved response in patients given tobramycin suggests that empirical therapy with antibiotics is beneficial for patients with acute pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7004177 TI - Vitamin E and the neonate. PMID- 7004180 TI - History of FDA patient package insert requirements. PMID- 7004179 TI - Stress ulcer: pathophysiology and prevention. AB - The definition, clinical spectrum and risk factors, incidence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and prevention of stress ulcers are reviewed. Stress ulcers are acute, multiple, superficial ulcerations of the gastric mucosa. All patients who are severely injured or ill may develop stress ulcers. Risk factors include sepsis, shock, multiple organ failure, trauma, burns, and major surgery. Prevention of bleeding from stress ulcers is desirable because medical and surgical treatment of established ulcers is not very effective and has a poor prognosis. Antacids, cimetidine, nutritional support, vitamin A, and corticosteroids have been used. Antacid titration appears to be the method of choice. The preventive value of cimetidine in preventing stress ulcers is controversial. PMID- 7004181 TI - Immunopathology of cardiac lesions in fatal systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immunopathologic studies were performed on cardiac tissue obtained at autopsy in 10 patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The immunopathologic findings were correlated with histopathologic and clinical evidence of cardiac injury, and with clinical and serologic features of SLE. Immune reactants were demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence in nine patients in a granular deposition pattern suggesting immune complex aggregates. Histologic and gross anatomic findings of inflammation were generally more focal than was the distribution of immune reactants. Most of the immune deposits were present in the walls of the blood vessels of myocardium (eight of 10) or pericardium (two of three). In one patient with Libman-Sacks endocarditis, immunoglobulin and complement components were present in the valve stroma and the vegetations. The immune deposits around epicardial nerve fibers in two patients with severe neurologic manifestations contained immunoglobulin E(IgE). In general, the most intense and widespread immune deposits were observed in patients with persistently increased serologic and clinical evidence of activity of their systemic disease. These results suggest a role for immune complex deposition in the pathogenesis of the cardiac lesions of SLE. PMID- 7004182 TI - Cause and course of acute myocardial infarction. AB - A complete discussion of factors involved in causing acute myocardial infarcts is contained in ths review, and a detailed discussion of various complications of acute myocardial infarction is also provided. Interventions that are capable of reducing infarct size in animal models with experimentally produced acute myocardial infarcts are discussed, and factors that might alter infarct size in patients are reviewed. Prognostic factors that allow one to identify high risk patients with acute myocardial infarction following their hospital admission and in the follow-up period after hospital discharge are identified. The need to develop more accurate measurements of the extent of myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia, and to develop additional prognostic markers that allow one to separate patients most at risk for sudden death and new myocardial infarction from those with ongoing chronic ischemic heart disease and those without additional complications from their ischemic heart disease is also emphasized in this review. PMID- 7004183 TI - Demonstration of an antibody to tubular epithelium in glomerulonephritis associated with obstructive uropathy. AB - It has been postulated that in some patients with obstructive and reflux uropathy proteinuria develops through an intermediate mechanism of immune complex glomerulonephritis involving antigenic material of renal tubular epithelium. A patient with a unilateral ureterocele and nephrotic syndrome underwent bilateral renal biopsies during surgical correction of the obstruction. The obstructed kidney showed mild pyelonephritis, but both kidneys showed a glomerulopathy with electron-dense deposits in the mesangial and paramesangial regions associated with positive immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the third component of complement (C3). An IgM antibody was eluted from the biopsy specimens and it reacted by indirect immunofluorescence with normal renal tubular epithelium and with the patient's renal tubular epithelium. The eluate also reacted with pre-eluted glomeruli of the patient, but not with normal glomeruli. All antibody activity could be removed from the eluate by pre-incubation with normal kidney. It is concluded that the unilateral renal obstruction produced tubular injury so that as yet unidentified antigens were recognized by the immune system. The resultant antibody response gave rise to circulating immune complexes which were then deposited in glomeruli with subsequent glomerular damage and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7004184 TI - Tubular basement membrane antibody-induced interstitial nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Interstitial nephritis characterized by linear staining for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) along the tubular basement membrane of proximal renal tubules is described in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies reacting with the tubular basement membrane of the proximal renal tubules and Bowman capsule of glomeruli were present in serum. The autoantibodies were specific and could be absorbed with a normal human renal cortical fraction. The findings suggest that in addition to the well-known, immune complex-mediated injury, autoantibody-induced interstitial nephritis can also rarely occur in SLE. PMID- 7004185 TI - Brief communication: possible X-linked anencephaly and spina bifida--report of a kindred. AB - Causal heterogeneity of anencephaly and spina bifida has been demonstrated; in rare families the neural tube defect may be caused by a single gene. We report a family in which four cases of anencephaly or spina bifida may represent X-linked inheritance. PMID- 7004178 TI - An introduction to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the inherited organic acidemias. PMID- 7004187 TI - Cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7004186 TI - Recent advances in mnemonic strategy training with mentally retarded persons: implications for educational practice. AB - A portion of the empirical literature on training mentally retarded people to use mnemonic strategies was reviewed. Specific topics examined included strategy maintenance, strategy generalization, and metamemory, with emphasis on the implications of this research for the education of retarded students. We concluded that although significant gains have resulted from the past two decades of research, many questions of educational significance remain unanswered. With the restrictions placed by recent research in mind, we suggested that this area can be of immediate benefit to special educators. PMID- 7004188 TI - What are the basics in medicare coverage? PMID- 7004189 TI - Prolactin and the renin-aldosterone axis in human pregnancy. AB - In view of observations suggesting an osmoregulatory role for prolactin (PRL) and the central role of the renin-aldosterone system in the regulation of pressure volume homeostasis, this study was undertaken to determine whether acute drug induced alterations in circulating PRL had any effect on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), serum osmolality, and the renin-aldosterone response during early pregnancy. Bromocriptine suppressed mean baseline PRL by 83% (p > 0.05), whereas chlorpromazine increased it more than twofold (p < 0.05) during a 180-minute study period. MAP, mean serum osmolality, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentrations were not significantly different from mean baseline values after the administration of either drug. These data suggest that, during early pregnancy, the renin-aldosterone axis is independent of PRL and resistant to the beta-adrenergic agonist effect of chlorpromazine. PMID- 7004190 TI - Three metronidazole-resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis from the United States. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis isolates were obtained in the United States from three women with trichomoniasis refractory to routine treatment with metronidazole. Cure was obtained in these cases with increased dosage of metronidazole. In experimental mouse infections, all three strains showed a significantly (about 10 to 20 times) lower susceptibility to metronidazole than did a number of control strains. In vitro, the lowered susceptibility could be detected only in an aerobic assay but not in the routine anaerobic assay. The conclusion is that T. vaginalis strains with lowered metronidazole susceptibility do exist. Such strains might be responsible for a certain, but as yet entirely unknown, number of failures in routine metronidazole therapy of human trichomoniasis. PMID- 7004191 TI - Group B streptococcus and puerperal sepsis. PMID- 7004192 TI - Recurrent keratoconus after keratoplasty. AB - A 35-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral penetrating corneal grafts for keratoconus had keratoconus in the eye that had received a graft 16 years earlier. A second penetrating keratoplasty was performed, and the excised button was examined with light and electron microscopy. Both the light and electron microscopic findings were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of keratoconus. Keratoconus in a graft for the same disease should be added to the list of late complications of successful keratoplasties. PMID- 7004194 TI - Centenary of Crede prophylaxis. PMID- 7004193 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. AB - We studied 25 consecutive patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Follow-up time averaged 20 months. Ten patients required postimplantation surgical procedures because of complications after lens implantation. The time from lens implantation to onset of corneal edema averaged 18 months in patients without postimplantation surgical procedures and five months in patients with postimplantation procedures. The lens implants were removed in 11 patients at keratoplasty. Corneal clouding caused by graft rejection occurred in three patients, while 22 grafts remained clear. Final visual acuities were 6/6 (20/20) to 6/12 (20/40) in 13 patients, 6/15 (20/50) to 6/30 (20/100) in four patients, and 6/60 (20/200) or less in eight patients. We found no difference in final visual acuity between patients with lens implants removed at keratoplasty and those with lens implants left in place. Significant retinal pathology included cystoid macular edema, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. PMID- 7004195 TI - Selected items from the history of pathology -- Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818 1865). PMID- 7004196 TI - Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits. AB - This paper describes the salient features of a new model for chronic cryptococcal meningitis in cortisone-treated rabbits. Normal rabbits soon recovered after intracisternal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans, but cortisone-treated animals developed chronic progressive meningitis that was fatal in 2-12 weeks. Incidence and severity of infection was related to cortisone dose, not to inoculum size. The number of mononuclear cells that migrated into the subarachnoid spaces and cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits was strikingly reduced by cortisone treatment. Rabbits with cryptococcal meningitis were febrile; their high body temperature did not confer resistance to this infection. Cortisone-treated rabbits provide a new and expedient laboratory model for cryptococcal disease. Potential applications include study of the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis, investigation of the immunobiology of the CNS in chronic meningitis, and in vivo evaluation of newer anticryptococcal treatment regimens. PMID- 7004197 TI - Presentation of the gold headed cane to Emory D. Warner, April 16, 1980. PMID- 7004198 TI - Selected items from the history of pathology -- Vincenzo Tiberio (1896-1915). PMID- 7004202 TI - Selected items from the history of pathology -- Girolamo Fracastoro (1478-1553). PMID- 7004200 TI - Selected items from the history of pathology -- Jiulio Bizzazero (1846-1901). PMID- 7004199 TI - Experimental pneumovirus infections: 1. Hydrocephalus of mice due to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). AB - The effects of the intracerebral inoculation of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) into neonatal mice were investigated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and viral isolation. Viral inclusions and virus-specific antigens, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, were maximal on the 6th day after inoculation, revealing general infection of ependyma and very limited infection of the leptomeninges and the choroid plexus. Hydrocephalus occurred on Day 21 in 80% of inoculated mice. This report describes the sequence of pathologic events leading to hydrocephalus and supports recent studies indicating that stenosis of the aqueduct is a secondary phenomenon not causally related to the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was shown to be significantly related to the affected ependyma of the ventricular system. These observations, together with other recent findings, suggest that ependymal cells could play a strategic role in the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7004201 TI - Surfactant apoprotein in nonmalignant pulmonary disorders. AB - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lungs exhibiting a variety of nonmalignant disorders were studied by immunoperoxidase staining using antibodies specific for surfactant apoprotein, IgG, IgM, IgA, albumin, fibrinogen, and lysozyme. Normal Type II pneumocytes showed staining for surfactant apoprotein in the perinuclear region only. The extent and intensity of staining for apoprotein was markedly increased in reactive Type II pneumocytes. This increase appeared to be a nonspecific reaction to lung injury. The intra-alveolar material in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis stained intensely for surfactant apoprotein, indicating that the accumulated proteinaceous material contained pulmonary surfactant. Type II pneumocytes in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis exhibited hyperplasia as well as hypertrophy. The few macrophages in lung affected by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis stained intensely for lysozyme. The excessive intraalveolar accumulation of proteinaceous material in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis may be the result of both an over-production as well as a deficient removal of pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 7004203 TI - Selected items form the history of pathology -- Robert Koch (1843-1910). PMID- 7004204 TI - Presentation of the Parke-Davis Award to Dr. Peter M. Henson. PMID- 7004205 TI - Mechanisms of exocytosis in phagocytic inflammatory cells. Parke-Davis Award Lecture. PMID- 7004206 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of alpha 1-antitrypsin in normal mouse liver and pancreas. AB - Using horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemistry, alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) was demonstrated in normal mouse hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells. All hepatocytes were positive; 1--3% stained intensely for alpha 1AT. These were located mainly in the periportal area as well as randomly distributed, both singly and in clusters, throughout the liver lobule. Nonparenchymal liver cells were negative for alpha 1AT. The type of hepatocyte cytoplasmic staining appears to after during ontogeny, changing from a localized granular to a diffuse pattern. The use of immunohistochemistry to demonstrate alpha 1AT in normal mouse liver allows us to examine the acute phase response at a cellular level. PMID- 7004207 TI - Free fatty acid utilization by skeletal muscle after endotoxin administration. AB - The effect of endotoxin administration on free fatty acid (FFA) utilization by skeletal muscle was investigated. Albumin bound [1-14C]palmitate was continuously infused into anesthetized dogs. Blood samples from the carotid artery and profunda femoris veins were obtained and blood flow through the thigh muscles was determined. After endotoxin, skeletal muscle blood flow decreased by 29%, reflecting the average decrease in cardiac output. Arterial FFA concentration in endotoxin-treated animals was significantly reduced relative to saline-treated animals. Whole-animal FFA turnover decreased up to 37% after endotoxin. FFA uptake was linearly correlated with arterial FFA concentration both preceding and following endotoxin and the slopes of the regression lines were identical. FFA uptake by skeletal muscle was significantly reduced during the early postendotoxin time period. Skeletal muscle FFA oxidation after endotoxin also tended to decrease. It is concluded that the changes in skeletal muscle FFA metabolism are most likely due to decreased arterial FFA levels after endotoxin rather than a direct effect of endotoxin on skeletal muscle. PMID- 7004208 TI - Hypothalamic obesity in female rats in absence of vagally mediated hyperinsulinemia. AB - In order to assess the role of vagally mediated hyperinsulinemia in hypothalamic obesity, plasma insulin and glucose levels were assayed in vagotomized and sham vagotomized female rats after a 6-h fast and after a measured glucose meal both before and 10-14 days after ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions. Both groups displayed similar gains in body weight in the first 10 days after VMH lesions, but only the sham-vagotomized VMH-lesioned animals displayed elevated fasting insulin levels. Fasting glucose levels did not differ either before or after the lesion. The insulin response to oral glucose was increased in VMH rats, both in vagotomized and sham-vagotomized animals, and it is concluded that the hyperresponsiveness to oral glucose is independent of vagal mediation. Vagotomy markedly exaggerated the glucose and insulin response to oral glucose loading in both intact rats and rats with VMH lesions, probably as a result of more rapid absorption of glucose from the intestine. It is concluded that the fasting hyperinsulinemia that is characteristic of VMH animals is under vagal control and that its elimination does not prevent the development of obesity. PMID- 7004209 TI - Stimulation of angiotensinogen production: a dose-related effect of angiotensin II in the conscious dog. AB - The hypothesis that angiotensin II (AII) provides a positive feedback stimulus for production of angiotensinogen was examined in conscious dogs. AII was infused intravenously for 24 h at 5, 20, and 50 ng x kg-1 x min-1 and blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), and the concentrations of AII, angiotensinogen, corticosteroids, and total protein in plasma were measured 0, 2, 4, and 24 h after the start of infusion. In addition, the liver content of angiotensinogen and the release of angiotensinogen by liver slices in vitro were measured after the 24-h sampling period. AII infusion increased blood pressure in a dose-related manner. PRA was markedly decreased by all doses of AII. Plasma corticosteroids were increased only at the highest dose of AII and did not bear any relationship to changes in the concentration of angiotensinogen. Plasma protein concentration and hematocrit were unchanged. Plasma angiotensinogen concentration was unchanged at 2 and 4 h but was increased significantly at 24 h by the two highest doses of AII. A linear relationship was found between the dose of AII and plasma angiotensinogen concentration, the liver content of angiotensinogen, and the release from liver slices during a 2-h incubation. These results provide further evidence that AII has a role in angiotensinogen production but suggest that it is of minor importance in physiological conditions. PMID- 7004210 TI - Terminal papillary collecting duct reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium in Psammomys obesus. AB - Micropuncture studies were performed to assess the contribution of the terminal collecting duct to reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium in the desert rodent, Psammomys obesus. Tubule fluid was collected at base and tip of the exposed papilla before (period I) and after (period II) administration of furosemide. In period I, a significant rise occurred in tubule fluid-to-plasma (TF/P) ratios of inulin, osmolality, and sodium and potassium from base to tip; 2.3 +/- 0.8% of filtered water and 5.1 +/- 1.7% of filtered sodium were reabsorbed by the collecting duct. In period II water, sodium, and potassium delivery to the collecting duct was significantly increased. Although TF/P ratios for inulin, osmolality, and sodium and potassium were lower at base and tip in period II than corresponding values in period I, all ratios increased between base and tip. Approximately 3 times as much water (7.4 +/- 1.8%) and twice as much sodium (10.1 +/- 3.0%) were reabsorbed by the exposed collecting duct in period II. These results reveal a remarkable reabsorptive capacity and suggest that the terminal collecting duct plays an important role in regulation of water and sodium excretion in Psammomys obesus. PMID- 7004212 TI - Unusual features of Anna O.'s illness. PMID- 7004213 TI - Morbid conditions expressed in prehistoric art. PMID- 7004211 TI - Interaction of the prostaglandin and renin-angiotensin systems in isolated rat glomeruli. AB - Renal glomeruli were isolated from rat kidneys using a passive mechanical sieving technique. Suspensions of 40-50 mg glomeruli were placed in glass chambers and superfused by a modified Krebs-Ringer solution. Effluent collections of 10-min fractions were measured for renin or prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration using radioimmunoassays. The perfusate was altered to contain either the beta adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, angiotensin II, or arachidonic acid. Isoproterenol at 1.78 or 8.1 X 10(-4) M produced a significant release of renin, but the concentration of PGE2 was unaffected. Isoproterenol-stimulated renin release was blocked by 1.2 X 10(-4) M propranolol but was unaffected by 6.3 X 10( 6) M meclofenamate. Angiotensin II at 4 or 40 X 10(-9) M altered neither renin nor PGE2. Arachidonic acid administered at 1.6 or 16.0 X 10(-5) M produced a marked increase in PG synthesis and stimulated a significant release of renin. Treatment of glomeruli with 6.3 X 10(-6) M meclofenamate attenuated PGE2 synthesis and abolished renin release, but 1.2 X 10(-4) M propranolol had no effect on PG synthesis or the coincident release of renin. These results give direct evidence of an interrelating mechanism between renal prostaglandins and renin release that is independent of external tubular or hemodynamic stimuli and show that the beta-adrenergic pathway of renin stimulation is independent of any modifying influence exerted by prostaglandins. PMID- 7004214 TI - Chemosuppressive field trials in Thailand. IV. The suppression of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasitemias by mefloquine (WR 142,490, A 4 quinolinemethanol). AB - The effect of various dosages of mefloquine hydrochloride (WR 142,490) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the suppression of malaria infections was studied in an area of northeastern Thailand highly endemic for both chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and for P. vivax. Both preparations, in all regimens studied, were effective in greatly reducing the incidence of falciparum infections. Mefloquine was more active in preventing vivax parasitemia than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; however, this combination remains the commercially available regimen of choice where both parasites occur and P. falciparum is resistant to chloroquine. PMID- 7004215 TI - Comparative studies of three strains of Plasmodium falciparum isolated by the culture method of Trager and Jensen. AB - The ease which Plasmodium falciparum parasites adapt to culture by the method of Trager-Jensen is variable. The strain characteristics of the first three isolates we cultured differed markedly, depending on the ease of adaptation. The West African I, which was cultured readily, proved to be sensitive to all antimalarials assessed by an in-vitro method, caused benign infections in Aotus monkeys, and produced gametocytes both in the cultures and in Aotus monkeys. In contrast, parasites of the Liberian I and Haitian I strains, both of which required an adaptive period of a month or longer proved more tolerant to chloroquine, quinine, and cycloguanil but sensitive to pyrimethamine; commonly produced fatal infections in Aotus monkeys, and did not produce demonstrable gametocytemia. That the differences may be due to the selection of a more virulent and drug tolerant subpopulation is suspected. The implication of these findings, particularly as it may apply to the epidemiology of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria, is discussed. PMID- 7004216 TI - Separation of stages of Plasmodium falciparum-infected cells by means of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. AB - Plasmodium falciparum parasites from long-term in vitro culture have been labeled with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33258. After labeling, parasitized cells have been successfully analyzed and sorted, using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, into populations of uninfected, singly infected, and multiply infected cells. PMID- 7004217 TI - Development of Mansonella ozzardi in a black fly species of the Simulium sanguineum group from Eastern Vaupes, Colombia. AB - Development of the microfilaria of Mansonella ozzardi to the infective stage in a species of the Simulium sanguineum group from the Mitu area, Comisaria del Vaupes, Colombia is described. Development was synchronous, and by day 6 third stage larvae were observed in the head of flies which had fed on two naturally infected volunteers. Simulium biting activity was high from January-March, during the dry season. Only 261 blood-fed Culicoides were collected from an infected volunteer; 40% of 43 dissected on day 0 had ingested microfilariae. However, only one of 129 C. caprilesi specimens dissected after day 2 was positive, containing a second-stage larva thought to be M. ozzardi. It is concluded that Simulium, rather than Culicoides are the principal vectors of mansonelliasis in the Mitu area. PMID- 7004218 TI - Serologic studies on onchocerciasis in Guatemala using fixed-tissue sections of adult Onchocerca volvulus. AB - Sera from 458 residents of a coffee plantation in an area of Guatemala endemic for onchocerciasis were examined for the presence of antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus using a fluorescent antibody (IFA) test with sections of adult worms as the antigen. Antibody response increased with age of the residents and microfilarial density. A total of 70.0% of the residents were serologically positive and 65.1% were positive for microfilariae. Males had higher microfilarial densities and higher IFA responses. Sixty-three individuals were positive for microfilariae and IFA-negative indicating a lack of sensitivity on the part of the test antigen. Seventy-four individuals were negative for microfilariae and IFA-positive, suggesting the possible usefulness of the test in the determination of present or past infection in the absence of microfilariae. PMID- 7004219 TI - Clonorchiasis: a report of four cases and discussion of unusual manifestations. AB - Clonorchiasis is still a problem for Asian immigrants to North America, and is occasionally seen among American residents who contract the disease during long term or short-term visits to endemic areas. The incidence of clonorchiasis is especially high among Chinese immigrants from Hong Kong. The acute symptoms most frequently encountered in this group of patients are those of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and acute pancreatitis. Two American cases are reported together with a brief discussion of the pathology and immunology of this disease. Two unusual lesions in Hong Kong patients, an egg-granuloma of the liver and an adenoma of the bile duct, are also discussed. PMID- 7004221 TI - Advances and controversies in the management of supraglottitis and laryngotracheobronchitis. AB - Recent advances in pediatric airway intubation and the introduction of pharmacotherapeutic agents, active within the larynx and tracheobronchial tree, have created significant controversies in the treatment of acute obstructive inflammatory laryngeal disease. Although the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical patterns of supraglottitis and laryngotracheobronchitis are no longer confused, decisions concerning their medical management and method of airway control remain controversial. Both inflammatory disorders are critically examined, with a reveiw of current concepts regarding the choice between endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy. Specific problems of anesthetic technique, criteria for extubation or decannulation, and the rationale for the use of corticosteroids, antibiotics, or racemic epinephrine are evaluated. If mechanical airway control is required, careful attention to initial intubation with a relatively small, cuffless polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube and precise surgical technique when employing tracheotomy will minimize the overall morbidity. Short term intubation in acute obstructive inflammation of the larynx appears to be well tolerated. Tracheotomy is reserved for the few patients with laryngotracheobronchitis who demonstrate persistent significant subglottic edema. PMID- 7004220 TI - Fibrous dysplasia: findings in a pre-Columbian skull. AB - An ancient Peruvian specimen (600 to 800 years old) with fibrous dysplasia involving the left frontoethmoidal region is discussed. The skull is that of a woman aged 20 to 30 years exhibiting marked deformity of the left frontal bone, ethmoids, orbit, and nasal wall. Plane radiographs and tomographic views demonstrate a heavily calcified, expanding process in the frontal region and replacement of the ethmoids by less dense osseous tissue. This specimen represents the second reported instance of fibrous dysplasia occurring in the Americas, further documenting the antiquity of the disease on this continent. The lesion is probably monostotic and has characteristics similar to the process as it is known today. PMID- 7004222 TI - Concepts of dental occlusion. AB - The otolaryngologist frequently encounters problems related to the form and function of the stomatognathic system. Much has been published over the past 50 years regarding the "ideal occlusion," but controversy continues to rage over the relevance of various occlusal parameters to the evaluation and management of problems involving occlusal dysfunction. A review of the literature on occlusion is offered, maintaining historical perspective while expanding each theory with relevant clinical correlates. A concept of occlusion is offered that may help in the evaluation and management of otolaryngologic problems involving the stomatognathic system. PMID- 7004223 TI - Demonstration of the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to the surface of human tonsillar tissue. AB - One of the mechanisms by which bacteria become pathogenic on mucosal surfaces is their capacity to adhere to those surfaces. Although adherence of pathogens has been demonstrated on other mucosal surfaces, it has never been demonstrated on tonsillar tissue. A section of the surface of a pharyngeal tonsil was thoroughly washed with phosphate buffered saline and divided into fragments of Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and incubation with group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from the upper respiratory tract. After 30 minutes and 24 hours of incubation the fragment was removed, washed thoroughly with phosphate buffered saline to remove any nonadherent S. pyogenes, and divided into three parts for Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and homogenization for tube and plate dilution. Adherence of S. pyogenes was demonstrated by Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy, and plate dilution. This first demonstration of bacterial adherence on tonsillar mucosa tract points to adhesion as a mechanism of pathogenesis in S. pyogenes infection in the tonsil. PMID- 7004225 TI - Vascular fascial island graft for partial nasal reconstruction utilizing an H flap for forehead repair. AB - A procedure for partial nasal recontruction is discussed in detail. A midfrontal vascular island is created and utilized for graft repair of nasal defects. New instrumentation for refining this technique has made it increasingly useful. A very satisfactory cosmetic result is obtained with this procedure; it compares quite favorably with other methods of repair. PMID- 7004227 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Honored Scientist, Prof. M. S. Malinovskii]. PMID- 7004226 TI - Onlay bone grafts in head and neck reconstruction. AB - Autologous bone grafting has been described as a means of dealing with the deficiencies of soft tissue, cartilage, or bone in restoring facial symmetry. One advantage is the excellent tissue tolerance. However, there are disadvantages to its use as an onlay graft, and they are related to the possibility of partial resorption of the graft due to the lack of the stimulation of muscular stress on the graft. Bone grafting remains a useful technique among the reconstructive procedures available to the head and neck surgeon. PMID- 7004224 TI - Control mechanisms of inner ear microcirculation. AB - Some disease processes, drugs, and noise are said to produce vascular disorders of the inner ear, and in some instances changes in the capillaries have been observed during histologic examination of the temporal bones. Consequently the ability to control the circulation is important because of its therapeutic implications. This brief review points out the areas of conflicting experimental evidence and some of the factors that may be responsible for the variations. PMID- 7004228 TI - [Modern methods of regulating fertility]. PMID- 7004229 TI - [Clomiphene stimulation of ovulation]. PMID- 7004231 TI - Antagonism of ethanol narcosis in mice by hyperbaric pressures of 4-8 atmospheres. AB - Hyperbaric treatment with 100% oxygen or oxygen-helium mixtures at 4-8 atmospheres absolute significantly reduced ethanol sleep-time and increased wake up blood ethanol concentrations in C57 mice. The results indicate that the antagonism does not result from direct effects of oxygen nor from enhanced ethanol elimination, but appears to involve a direct effect of hyper-baric treatment. PMID- 7004232 TI - Individual differences in blood and breath acetaldehyde levels and urinary excretion of catecholamines after alcohol intake. AB - Sixty three male Japanese, aged 20-40 yr were evaluated as to the degree of facial flushing following a controlled dose of ethanol either as Japanese rice wine or ethanol 0.4 g kg body weight. Thirty four subjects responded with overt facial flushing. The acetaldehyde levels in blood and expired air were significantly higher in the flushing group without a change in ethanol elimination rate. Urinary excretion of Vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and 3 methyoxy-4 Hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) are reported. PMID- 7004230 TI - Influence of ethanol on pancreatic lipid metabolism. AB - The influence of acute exposure to ethanol on rat pancreatic lipogenesis has been investigated. Marked alterations of in vitro pancreatic lipid metabolism were found with changes compatible with increased de novo triglyceride synthesis. Ethanol in vitro stimulated (U--14C) glucose incorporation into triglyceride, but inhibited incorporation into phosphatidyl choline. Prior exposure to ethanol did not further enhance these effects on labeled glucose incorporation. One hour after feeding ethanol at a dose of 378 mg/100 g body weight, (1--14C) acetate incorporation in vitro into pancreatic lipid was significantly increased. This increase was not uniform, but was confined to the free fatty acid, triglyceride, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidyl choline fractions. Similar observations were made when pancreatic tissue from saline-fed control animals was incubated in the presence of ethanol at a concentration of 3.4 mM. Prior exposure to ethanol enhanced this stimulatory effect, and tissue from the alcohol-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol incorporated more acetate label into all lipid fractions than tissue from alcohol-fed animals incubated without ethanol and from saline-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol. PMID- 7004233 TI - Alcohol and very low density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by isolated hepatocytes. AB - Labeled leucine can be used to measure accurately the rate of both total and secretory protein synthesis by isolated hepatocytes if at least 1 mM leucine is added to the incubation medium, even in the presence of 50 mM ethanol. Using this technique it was found that ethanol caused a significant inhibition of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as total protein synthetic rates in hepatocytes from both fed and fasted rats. In contrast, a single acute oral dose of ethanol to fasted rats caused within 4 hr a threefold stimulation in the rate of VLDL synthesis without affecting the total protein synthetic rate in the hepatocyte system. PMID- 7004234 TI - Ethanol oxidation by rat brain in vivo. AB - Can brain metabolize ethanol? We present data demonstrating that brain catalase in conjunction with endogenous H2O2 will oxidize ethanol in vivo. The method is based on an H2O2-dependent inhibition of brain catalase in vivo by 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole and its prevention by ethanol. The irreversible inhibition of catalase by aminotriazole is known to proceed via the reaction of (catalase-H2O2) compound I with aminotriazole. Inhibition can be prevented by compounds that are oxidized by compound I. Ethanol is one such compound. Prevention of the inhibition of brain catalase in vivo by prior administration of ethanol constitutes indirect evidence for the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in rat brain. The catalase content of the tissues represented catalase in the brain parenchyma, from which erythrocytes and capillaries had been excluded. Ethanol did not alter the levels of aminotriazole in brain. These results constitute the first demonstration of ethanol oxidation by living brain. PMID- 7004236 TI - Methanol toxicity: treatment with folic acid and 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid. AB - After methanol administration to monkeys, an accumulation of formate in blood occurs coincident with the development of metabolic acidosis and a depletion of blood bicarbonate. Formate metabolism in monkeys depends upon and is regulated by a folate-dependent system; therefore, the effect of folic acid pretreatment and 5 formyl tetrahydrofolic acid administration on methanol toxicity was investigated. Treatment of monkeys with repetitive doses of either sodium folate (48, 24, 12, and 4 hr prior to methanol) or 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (2 mg/kg at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18 hr after methanol) resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of blood formate and an absence of both metabolic acidosis and depletion of blood bicarbonate following methanol administration. Also, 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid reversed methanol toxicity once it was established in the monkey. The results indicate that folate compounds decrease formate accumulation after methanol by stimulating formate oxidation or utilization and suggest a possible use for folates in the treatment of certain cases of human methanol poisoning. PMID- 7004235 TI - Correlation between medical and behavioral data in the assessment of alcoholism. AB - Using the Munich Alcoholism Test, this study examined the prevalence and interrelationships of medical and sociobehavioral disorders in a nonhospitalized sample of 106 males who had been referred to a medical officer for "suspected" problems related to drinking. A further objective was to evaluate measurement properties of the Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT), a new diagnostic instrument for alcoholism. Self-report items focusing on the recognition of drinking problems formed a homogeneous and quite reliable scale. However, clinical signs and symptoms of disorders related to alcohol abuse occurred with relative independence of each other. In this predominantly young group of subjects, many individuals recognized that they had sociobehavioral problems, but few had clinical or laboratory manifestations of diseases associated with chronic alcohol abuse. These findings underscored the advantages of including both biomedical and sociobehavioral data for the early identification of alcohol abuse and dependence. PMID- 7004237 TI - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of ethanol: the disproportionate AUC-dose relationship. AB - Whole venous blood concentrations of ethyl alcohol were measured following the constant rate intravenous infusion of ethanol to four Beagle dogs. Five different doses (0.1-0.8 g ethanol/kg body weight) were administered at scheduled intervals. The area under the blood ethanol concentration-time curves (AUC) was found to demonstrate a markedly nonlinear relationship with the administered dose. Simulations of one and two compartment open models with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics and zero-order input are presented with their theoretical AUC-dose relationships. PMID- 7004238 TI - A sweat-patch test for alcohol consumption: evaluation in continuous and episodic drinkers. AB - We evaluated the sweat-patch test for its ability to detect alcohol consumption. During an 8-day study, volunteers drank whisky while wearing sweat-patches that collected sweat continuously at a steady rate. We offered 1.0, 2.0, or 5.0 g ethanol/kg/day to 6 continuous drinkers, and 5.0 g ethanol/kg/day for 2 days to 8 episodic drinkers, and removed sweat patches after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The concentration of ethanol in the collected sweat (Cs) rose: (1) progressively with the amount of alcohol consumed: and (2) linearly with the mean concentration of ethanol in the blood (Cb) during the sweat collection period (In Cs = 0.80 In Cb 1.40; r = 0.93, p < 0.001). The test clearly distinguished drinkers from nondrinkers (Cs < 0.0022 G/L when no ethanol consumed; Cs > 0.0067 G/L when 0.5 G ethanol/kg/day consumed and when Cb > 0.013 G/L). The sweat patch test provides an objective index of drinking behavior with potential applications in clinical practice and research. PMID- 7004239 TI - Acute ethanol administration causes transient impairment of blue-yellow color vision. AB - The higher incidence of blue-yellow color blindness (tritanopia) found among alcoholics could be due to genetic or acquired factors. The acute administration of ethanol to alcoholics and normal subjects transiently resulted in poorer color discrimination in all spectra but with significantly more errors in the blue yellow versus the red-green color range (p < 0.005, p < 0.01). Thus, ethanol appears to act as a toxin to inner retinal layers, which could account for the higher incidence of tritanopia found among alcoholics. PMID- 7004240 TI - Propranolol and chlordiazepoxide effects on cardiac arrhythmias during alcohol withdrawal. AB - The pattern of cardiac arrhythmias and their treatment, by propranolol and chlordiazepoxide, during the first 48 hr of alcohol withdrawal has been studied. Prior to treatment, the incidence of serious and life-threatening arrhythmias was found to be very low and uncorrelated with most biochemical parameters. Propranolol treatment, while efficacious in controlling arrhythmias, was limited due to its association with hallucinations. Chlordiazepoxide was associated with poor early control of arrhythmias. The combination of propranolol and chlordiazepoxide was found to perform best overall with substantial reductions in arrhythmias and the fewest treatment failures. PMID- 7004241 TI - Alcoholism and cerebral atrophy: a study of 50 patients with CT scan and psychologic testing. AB - A study of 50 alcoholic patients was carried out with CT scans of their brains and psychologic testing. These patients were alcohol and drug free, and without neurologic or psychiatric disorders at the time of the examinations. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had cerebral atrophy. There was no correlation between the results of the psychologic testing and cerebral atrophy. The only factor that correlated to a significant degree with cerebral atrophy was the duration of problem drinking. Only the mean duration of problem drinking was statistically significantly longer in the patients with cerebral atrophy compared to those patients with normal CT scans. Implications of this finding of high prevalence of cerebral atrophy in alcoholics is discussed. PMID- 7004242 TI - Disulfiram distribution and elimination in the rat after oral and intraperitoneal administration. AB - 35S disulfiram (DSF), 7 mg/kg, was administered as a single dose to rats both orally (p.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). The 35S DSF was rapidly absorbed by either route. Kidney, pancreas, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract exhibited the greatest uptake of radioactivity, while the least was found in brain. Preferential tissue uptake was similar with both routes of administration. Seven percent of the dose was excreted in the feces. Approximately 12% of the dose was eliminated by the breath as CS2. The 35S-DSF was rapidly metabolized to the 35S diethyldithiocarbamate-glucuronide and 35S inorganic sulfate. Approximately 93% of the radioactivity was accounted for 48 hr after p.o. or i.p. 35S administration. PMID- 7004243 TI - Identification of alcohol abuse: thoracic fractures on routine chest X-rays as indicators of alcoholism. AB - In a retrospective study, rib and thoracic vertebral fractures were found to be present on posteroanterior and lateral routine chest x-rays of 57 (28.9%) of 198 alcoholic male patients and in 4 (1.8%) of 218 nonalcoholic male control subjects. The magnitude of the increased prevalence (16-fold; p < 0.001) of rib and vertebral fractures in alcoholics suggest that routine chest x-rays should be useful in the identification of problem drinking and may be used, along with other indices, in population screening for alcoholism. PMID- 7004244 TI - Biochemical evidence for an interaction of ethanol and stress: preliminary studies. AB - Studies were carried out to examine the interaction of stress and ethanol. Ethanol (0.5 g/kg)-treated, stressed (electric foot shocks) rats exhibited less marked elevations in plasma levels of nonesterified fatty acids and of corticosterone compared to saline-treated stressed subjects. Stress alone markedly elevated these two parameters in plasma. Ethanol treatment alone also resulted in small elevations in both parameters. Results provide support for a significant interaction of ethanol and stress, and might provide some basis for the purported stress-relieving effect of low doses of ethanol. PMID- 7004245 TI - The effect of alcohol on dopamine metabolism in the caudate nucleus of an unanesthetized monkey. AB - Previously it was shown that the acute administration of ethanol to the rat significantly alters the metabolism of the dopamine (DA) in liver but not in brain tissue. To extend this finding to the primate, two push-pull perfusion cannulae were implanted in the regions of the left and right caudate nucleus of a Macaca nemistrina. After 14C-DA was injected into the caudate, the site ws perfused with an artificial CSF and the perfusate analyzed for the major metalolites of DA. Ethanol was then administered in a dose of 6 g/kg by the nasopharyngeal route. The results show that very little alteration occurs in the metabolism of DA during or postethanol intoxication. PMID- 7004246 TI - Plasma glutamate dehydrogenase: clinical application in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - The time course of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) elevation was studied in 42 male alcoholics admitted for alcohol detoxification or for the treatment of medical complications of alcoholism and in 2 volunteers consuming 2 g/kg/day of ethanol under metabolic ward conditions. GDH values were usually highest during or immediately after cessation of drinking; thereafter, they fell rapidly toward the normal range. Early GDH values correlated well with liver histology in 37 patients who subsequently underwent diagnostic liver biopsy. PMID- 7004247 TI - Oxatomide in seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. AB - The new antiallergic drug oxatomide was evaluated in 40 schoolchildren suffering from severe allergic seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Antihistamine drugs had earlier given insufficient symptomatic relief. Double-blind technique was used. There was no significant difference in effect between oxatomide, the antihistamine cinnarizine in combination with phenylpropanolamine and placebo. The results do not support the hypothesis that oxatomide is superior to antihistamine drugs in the treatment of severe seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7004249 TI - Creative visualization as a self-care practice. PMID- 7004248 TI - [Study of a kit for the search for HBs antigen by an enzymo-immunological method (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a kit marketed by Abbott for searching HBs antigen by an immunological method. This technic of sandwich type included 3 stages. During a first stage, the HBs antigen eventually present was extracted from the biological fluid by a specific antibody adsorbed on a polystyrene bead. After washing, a second specific antibody labelled with peroxidase was added. After incubation and washing, the peroxidase activity of the bead was revealed by adding a chromogenic substrate. The development of a colour indicated the presence of HBs antigen in the biological fluid under study. Very simple to use, this kit permits specific detection of HBs antigen with a sensitivity comparable to that of radio immunoassay. A good correlation was obtained with the radio-immunological kit Austria II and with the enzymo-immunological kit Hepanostika. PMID- 7004250 TI - Haemodynamic changes following buprenorphine and morphine. AB - Twenty-five women were investigated on the day after lower abdominal surgery in a single-blind non-cross-over trial to assess and compare the haemodynamic effects of intravenous injections of buprenorphine 0.3 mg and morphine 7.5 mg. Arterial blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometry and cardiac output by thoracic impedance cardiography. Arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced following both drugs (p < 0.05), although the mean decrease in systolic arterial pressure was less than 8 mmHg. However, in one patient in each group the decrease was more than 20 mmHg. Cardiac output decreased but the mean reduction was less than 5%. The greatest individual decreases were 21% after buprenorphine and 30% after morphine. Myocardial contractility, assessed by systolic time indices, did not appear to change. There were no consistent differences in the haemodynamic effects of the two drugs. PMID- 7004251 TI - Cardiovascular responses to anaesthesia. Influence of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with metoprolol. PMID- 7004252 TI - Ventilatory support for children with whooping cough. Experience with children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. AB - Twenty-four patients with pertussis admitted to a paediatric Intensive Care Unit over a period of 42 months are reviewed. It is concluded that pertussis affects the young baby most severely, the majority of the children admitted were under the age of 3 months. Many required long term intubation and pulmonary supportive therapy and the percentage of those admitted to the Intensive Care Unit who have needed mechanical ventilation has steadily increased over the period reviewed from 25 to 71%. The youngest infant died from overwhelming respiratory infection. The other 23 patients recovered but three children developed neurological complications and their recovery is still being assessed. The importance of maintenance of the immunisation programme is stressed in view of the evidence of the severity of the disease in the very young infant. PMID- 7004253 TI - Anaesthesia in Hong Kong. Its history and present position. AB - The history of the development of the specialty of anaesthesia in Hong Kong, its present position and future prospects are discussed. Special reference is made to the activities of the Society of Anaesthetists in Hong Kong which has promoted the cause of anaesthesia and maintained extensive international links during the last 25 years. PMID- 7004254 TI - Glycopyrrolate in children. A comparison between the effects of glycopyrrolate and atropine administered before induction of anaesthesia. AB - The effect of intravenous administration of glycopyrrolate and atropine shortly before induction were compared in a double blind study in children. The study shows that glycopyrrolate, unlike atropine, administered before anaesthesia had little effect on heart rate. The heart rate changes at, and following, tracheal intubation were similar in both groups. PMID- 7004255 TI - The Cape Bristol ventilator. Spontaneous respiration: the Bromsgrove Conversion. AB - The Bromsgrove Conversion has been developed for use on the Cape Bristol series of automatic lung ventilators; it enables the patient to take a spontaneous breath between mandatory mechanical breaths. The conversion will also permit entirely spontaneous breathing and continuously positive airways pressure. PMID- 7004256 TI - Sedation for ventilation. A retrospective study of fifty patients. AB - A retrospective survey of the sedation requirements of the last 50 patients needing ventilation in a provincial Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) showed a wide variation in regimes used. The results were more random than expected: some patients were given six drugs for control of ventilation. There was greater reliance on pancuronium than anticipated. Patients' requirements varied greatly, as did each individual's daily requirements. The need to ensure adequate sedation is emphasised. PMID- 7004258 TI - Metoprolol in anaesthesia for oral surgery. The effect of pretreatment on the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias. AB - Metoprolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug, was given, with a placebo as an alternative, in a double-blind trial to 60 patients who were undergoing removal of third molar teeth under general anaesthesia. Dyshythmias occurred in significantly fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the control group, and when ventricular dyshythmias occurred they were abolished in every case by the administration of metoprolol. It is concluded that metoprolol is effective in preventing cardiac dysrhythmias occurring during oral surgery carried out under general anaesthesia. PMID- 7004257 TI - Self-administered intravenous and intramuscular pethidine. A controlled trial in labour. AB - In a randomised controlled trial of mothers in labour intramuscular pethidine 150 mg, repeated if necessary, was compared with self-administered intravenous pethidine (0.25 mg/kg available at 10-min-intervals). Each mother agreed to have either method of pain relief and could opt for epidural block. The intramuscular group had significantly more pethidine than the intravenous group (mean differences, primipara 29 mg; multipara 16 mg). Ratings by mothers of the pain of 1st, 2nd stage and overall (analogue scores and gradings) were consistently better for the intravenous group although not significantly different. There were no differences in mean Apgar scores between the babies in the groups. In mothers who do not choose epidural block, similar pain relief is afforded by adequate intramuscular pethidine or self-demand intravenous pethidine; however, intravenous self-administration is more efficient since the pain relief is achieved with a lower dose of pethidine. PMID- 7004259 TI - Air embolism in hip surgery. AB - The hearts of 49 patients undergoing hip-replacement surgery were auscultated and the characteristic sounds of air emboli were heard in 15 of them--30% of the total. This finding was confirmed in the later patients by the use of an ultrasonic transducer to detect air emboli. Routine auscultation of the heart during the insertion of acrylic bone cement and prosthesis is recommended. PMID- 7004260 TI - Anaesthesia and demyelinating disease. AB - The demyelinating diseases are classified and the current concepts of the aetiology and pathophysiology of the most common of these diseases, multiple sclerosis, are described. The effects of the impaired function, local responses and known complications of the disease on the choice of anaesthetic, drugs and techniques are discussed. PMID- 7004261 TI - Early opposition to obstetric anaesthesia. AB - Some of the arguments used to oppose the introduction of inhalation anaesthesia- especially in obstetrics--are considered. These arguments were mainly based upon a desire to retain the sensation of pain, either as a factor necessary for survival or as a diagnostic aid: moral arguments were also adduced but religious opposition is no more than a myth of historiography. The opposition to anaesthesia lasted for less than 15 years and is seen as essentially a reflection of contemporary views on the role of pain. PMID- 7004262 TI - [Bacterial contamination as a complication of intravenous therapy in intensive care (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous infusion therapy has become an indispensible part of intensive care. Problems of bacterial contamination during this therapy are well known. To check on the possible routes of contamination we examined the infusion system in its several parts (infusion solution, infusion system, connection between infusion system and catheter and content of syringes). The highest rate of contamination was found at the connection between the infusion system and the catheter after use for 24 h (26.7%, 39 out of 146 probes); just at the beginning of the infusion we found bacterial growth in 7.1% (10 out of 141 probes). After injection of drugs into the system the infusion solution was contaminated in 1.9% (6 of 320 probes). The system for measuring the central venous pressure was contaminated in 2.7% (4 of 148 probes). At the end of infusion the infusion solutions were contaminated in 3.1% (9 of 287 probes). Different drugs in syringes in no case were contaminated. In most cases (59 probes) we found gram-positive bacteria (87.3%), in only seven cases (9.7%) gram-negative bacterias and in two cases Candida tropicalis. Our results show that the extrinsic or in use contamination plays the most important part in bacterial contamination of the infusion system. Infection control of intravenous therapy necessitates care in the hygienic standard adopted during the infusion and injection procedures. PMID- 7004263 TI - Preparation and assay of monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids. PMID- 7004264 TI - A rapid dilution cuvette for kinetic studies of microtubule disassembly. PMID- 7004265 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase-coupled spectrophotometric assay of epoxide hydratase activity. PMID- 7004266 TI - Improved synthesis of the sodium salt of DL-alpha, beta-dihydroxyisovaleric acid. PMID- 7004267 TI - A permeabilized-cell assay for transaminase B activity in Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7004268 TI - Analyses of DNA by automated logging and processing of data from the analytical ultracentrifuge. PMID- 7004269 TI - New fluorogenic substrates for a rat brain proline endopeptidase. PMID- 7004270 TI - A modified Lowry procedure suitable for assay of proteinase activity especially in crude enzyme preparations containing purine bases. PMID- 7004271 TI - A sensitive assay for determining the specific activity of highly labeled 2' deoxyribonucleoside 5'-[alpha-32P]triphosphates. PMID- 7004272 TI - Pentoxifylline (BL 191) by oral administration in the treatment of asthenozoospermia. AB - The aim of this trial was to study the effects on semen of pentoxifylline administered chronically per os to patients with normogonadotropic asthenozoospermia. Fifteen infertile men (age 22 to 44 years) were incorporated. Each subject was submitted to a treatment with pentoxifylline per os at a dose of 1,200 mg per day during no less than four months (x plus or minus SE 6.6 plus or minus 0.7 months). Assessment of the results was performed by serial spermatograms performed during and up to three months after treatment. The results showed a significant improvement of the percentages of forwardly progressive spermatozoa and of live and motile spermatozoa. Five of the patients achieved a normalization of semen (frank improvement) and seven a significant improvement in comparison to the initial values. Pregnancy was obtained by two patients. Pentoxifylline could be a useful alternative for the treatment of patients with normogonadotropic asthenozoospermia. PMID- 7004273 TI - Does diazepam pretreatment prevent succinylcholine-induced fasciculations?--a double-blind comparison of diazepam and tubocurarine pretreatments. AB - To determine the effectiveness of diazepam pretreatment in preventing succinylcholine-induced fasciculations, 61 surgical patients were randomly allocated into three groups receiving either diazepam (0.05 mg/kg), d tubocurarine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline in a double-blind fashion. Following the induction of anesthesia with fentanyl and thiopental, a bolus dose of succinylcholine (1 mg/kg was injected 5 minutes after the pretreatment drugs. Resulting fasciculations were then graded visually. Responses to electrical simulation of the ulnar nerve, somatic motor responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and changes in serum levels of potassium were also evaluated. Diazepam had no effect on frequency or intensity of succinylcholine fasciculations. Fasciculations were observed in 90% of the patients given placebo injections and in 95% of those given diazepam, but in only 16% of those given tubocurarine. Tubocurarine prolonged the onset and shortened the duration of the succinylcholine block and thus made intubation more difficult. Diazepam accelerated onset, but had no effect on duration of succinylcholine block. The twitch response following ulnar nerve stimulation disappeared after 84 seconds (p < 0.01 vs placebo) in patients given diazepam after 115 seconds in patients given tubocurarine, and after 106 seconds in those given placebo injections. The increase in serum potassium after succinylcholine was prevented by pretreatment with d-tubocurarine but not by diazepam. PMID- 7004274 TI - Local urokinase in arterial thromboembolism. AB - Selective intra-arterial urokinase (UK) is effective in treating recent arterial thromboembolism. However, usually only partials lysis is achieved and this treatment seems less effective than intravenous streptokinase. At a dose of 37,500 UCTA/hour it does not produce systemic fibrinolysis. This protocol substantially reduces the risk of systemic bleeding and embolism and extends its applicability to operative patients. The combination of surgery and UK seems particularly promising in patients with atherosclerotic arterial thrombosis. PMID- 7004275 TI - [The enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and its application to toxoplasmosis immunity (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. 238 sera were tested, and the results compared with those of agglutination and immunofluorescent test. ELISA gives a good correlation (p < 0.001). PMID- 7004276 TI - Immunologic aspects of combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals. AB - Tests for T- and B-cell quantitation and immune function were developed, and their application in the diagnosis of primary severe combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) in Arabian foals was investigated. Foals with CID had severe lymphopenia and had small or zero numbers of B cells, as shown by immunofluorescence of surface immunoglobulin (Ig), erythrocyte-antibody complement rosetting, and staphylococcal protein A rosetting. Serum IgM was undetectable in four CID foals 25 to 71 days old. Demonstrable antibody responses were not elicited in CID foals by phage phi X-174, a potent antigen in normal foals. Nonspecific esterase (NSE) staining in the pattern of a single vesicle was investigated as a possible marker for equine T cells. For normal foals, 64.0% of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained NSE positive. The CID foal 1 had only 4.0% NSE-positive lymphocytes, whereas CID foals 2, 3, and 4 had 75%, 68%, and 77.5%, respectively. In an in vitro T-cell function test, lymphocytes from 12 normal foals did not show a response. In normal foals, intradermal injection of 50 micrograms of phytohemagglutinin induced visible reactions, and skin grafting induced a pronounced mononuclear cell response at the base of the graft. In contrast, there was little or no response in the foals with CID. PMID- 7004277 TI - Distribution of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the canine hypothalamus: effect of castration and exogenous gonadal steroids. AB - The effect of exogenous gonadal steroids or orchidectomy on the distribution and concentration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the hypothalamus of the dog was studied. Various hypothalamic area of the canine brain were extracted with 90% methanol and processed, and LHRH was assayed, using a specific radioimmunoassay. The highest concentration of immunoreactive LHRH was found in the infundibular, premammillary, preoptic, and suprachiasmatic areas in intact dogs. Measurable amounts of LHRH were found in the mammillary and lateral hypothalamic regions. The hypothalamus in the male dog had significantly (P < 0.05) higher LHRH concentrations 3 mm lateral to the midsagittal line (the lateral hypothalamic area) as compared with the area in the anestrous female dog. Daily estrogen treatment of female dogs with 0.2 mg/day or 1 mg/day, IM, or with testosterone propionate (1 mg/day, IM) for 3 weeks increased LHRH concentration 2.5- to 5-fold in the mammillary, premammillary, and infundibular areas and almost 40-fold in the preoptic, rostral commissural area and in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic regions. Orchidectomy caused an increase in LHRH concentration in the preoptic and suprachiasmatic area with a concurrent decrease in LHRH in the infundibular area. Therefore, in the dog, LHRH is possibly synthesized or transported (or both) from different regions of the hypothalamus to the median eminence, and the gonadal steroid feedback mechanism is complex, involving multiple sites of action in the hypothalamus and the components of the limbic system. PMID- 7004279 TI - Replication of African swine fever virus in cell cultures. AB - Infection-specific, nonstructural, African swine fever virus antigens, as visualized by the immunofluorescence technique, appeared as fine stipplings, evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Vero cells and in monocytes by postinoculation hour (PIH) 3. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB) appeared at PIH 4 and continued to increase in size up to PIH 8. The viral DNA was solely synthesized within the IB of infected monocytes, as evidenced by an autoradiographic chase experiment; maximum synthesis occurred at PIH 5. The 2,300 S and 2,500-S (sedimentation coefficient) structural viral antigens were visualized in the IB at PIH 5 and 6, respectively. The infective new progeny of African swine fever virus were formed between PIH 7 and 8, and the cell surface viral antigens were produced between PIH 8 and 9. Free virus was released between PIH 10 and 11. Infected cells detached from the glass surface from PIH 13. The 5 iodo-2'-deoxyuridine interfered with the formation of infective virus, but not interfere with the production of viral antigens. PMID- 7004278 TI - Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with other tests for brucellosis, using sera from experimentally infected heifers. AB - During an evaluation of H-38 Brucella melitensin vaccine, serum samples were collected from 24 Hereford-Angus heifers (nonvaccinated controls) before exposure and then 11 times between 12 and 102 days after exposure to Brucella abortus strain 2308. Antibody concentrations were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by standard tube agglutination (STA), 2 mercaptoethanol agglutination (ME), microtitration complement-fixation (MCF), and automated complement-fixation (ACF) tests. The results were compared in terms of concordance, sensitivity, and specificity. Concordance between the ELISA and other tests were 100% (STA), 75.7% (ME), 97.8% (MCF), and 95.2% (ACF). On the 12th day after heifers were exposed, antibodies were detected in 18.2% of the infected heifers by the ELISA and in 11.1% with the STA test, in 0% with the ME test, in 33.3% with the MCF test, and in 44.4% with the ACF test. On the 25th day, ELISA and all serotests (except ME) detected antibodies in all infected heifers. All serum samples from the heifers before exposure were negative. PMID- 7004280 TI - Intramammary coliform infection after heavy external contamination of teats. AB - Teats of lactating dairy cows were exposed to massive, repeated external contamination by application of a freshly prepared broth culture of Escherichia coli that was maintained in wet contact with the teat ends during 14 or 21 successive entire intermilking periods. When contamination was restricted to the intermilking periods by dipping teats in an iodophor germicide before each milking, 18 new intramammary infections occurred among the 93 mammary quarters at risk. The rate of infection achieved was 1/89 milkings. Transient residence of E coli in streak canals and frequent occurrence of sterile inflmmation of mammary quarters made diagnosis of new infection difficult. Teats also were exposed to E coli without sanitization before milking. The milking machine was modified to maximize the likelihood of contaminated milk droplets impacting on teat orifices through back-jetting. Diagonally opposed milking maching inflations were fitted with rifled bore short milk tubes designed to be protective against back-jetting. The rate of new E coli infections was 1/291 milkings among control and protected quaters. When contamination was extended into the milking operation, the new infection rate was not greater than that achieved when exposure was limited to intermilking periods; therefore, the protective value of rifled-bore short milk tubes was not adequately tested and a role of the machine as a vector was not demonstrated. PMID- 7004282 TI - Immunoglobulin A response of the bovine fetus and neonate to Escherichia coli. AB - The chronologic appearance of immunoglobulin (Ig) A-containing plasma cells and their distribution and numbers in the intestinal tract, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes were determined in beef calves inoculated in utero with Escherichia coli O26-K60:NM bacterin or with saline solution. Secondary responses were assessed by oral revaccination or by challenge exposure to live E coli. Specific immunofluorescent procedures were used to count IgA-containing plasma cells. Appreciable numbers of IgA-containing plasma cells were seen in in utero vaccinated calves at birth. Oral vaccination or challenge exposure with E coli increased the number of plasma cells. The caudal part of the jejunum and the ileum and related lymph nodes had more IgA-containing cells than any of the other tissues examined. In revaccinated and challenge exposed calves, the spleen was especially active in the formation of IgA-containing plasma cells. The results indicate that the entire small intestine, the draining lymph nodes, and the spleen were involved in IgA formation in these young calves. Age as a factor in IgA production was seen in the control calves which had no indication of IgA containing cells before 9 days of age. None of the in utero-vaccinated calves at birth or at necropsy had evidence of IgA in serum. PMID- 7004281 TI - Antibody-producing cells in bovine lacteal secretions after local immunization. AB - The indirect Jerne plaque assay was used to determine the presence of antibody forming cells in lacteal secretions of 2 cows inoculated in the mammary gland with T4 phage. Two adjacent mammary glands of 2 nonlactating 7-months pregnant cows were inoculated by intramammary injection 4 times at 3- to 5-day intervals. The presence of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was assessed in each quarter beginning on postinoculation day 8 and at 4- to 14-day intervals thereafter. Amounts of antibodies in serum and secretions were measured by an indirect hemagglutination test. The PFC were detected in secretions from all quarters of both cows between postinoculation days 8 and 32. Concentrations of PFC fluctuated within quarters during the course of the experiment but no relationship was evident between numbers of PFC in a quarter and its inoculation status. The use of monospecific antiglobulin sera at 1 sample-collection period revealed that cells synthesizing immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies were predominant in lacteal secretions. Antibody amounts in serum and secretions rose after inoculation, and titers in secretions were markedly higher in most instances. Antibody-forming cells were thus demonstrated to accumulate in the mammary gland after intramammary inoculation. The presence of antibody-forming cells in non-inoculated glands may have been the result of antigen transfer among quarters, but was considered more likely to have resulted from systemic migration of antigen-stimulated cells with migration into all quarters, regardless of inoculation status. Antibodies in lacteal secretions may have accumulated through a combination of local synthesis and selective transport from the bloodstream. PMID- 7004283 TI - Application of the amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparative quantitation of bovine serum IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM antibodies. AB - The comparative quantitation of serum antibodies to a defined antigen, using the amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (a-ELISA), has been demonstrated in a model system in which bovine immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM antibodies to human serum albumin (HSA) were measured. Comparative measurements are facilitated because the same enzyme-antibody complex is used for measuring all 4 isotypes. Serum dilutions from 1:100 to 1:50,000,000 were titrated and, when graphed logarithmically, yielded dose-response plots that contained a linear segment for all but IgA anti-HSA. Data obtained with whole serum and fractions enriched in IgA- and IgM-anti-HSA indicated that dimeric IgA antibodies may compete poorly with those of the IgM and IgG classes and that IgM antibodies are more avid than those of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. Plateauing of complete a ELISA titrations at optical density (OD)400 nm values lower than those observed for their standard-curve counterparts was interpreted to result from saturation of the antigen. Quantitation was accomplished through the use of standard curves prepared by adsorbing purified, radiolabeled Ig of the 4 isotypes directly to polystyrene. These plots were also valuable in evaluating antiglobulin specificity and potency and for ascertaining linearity in the absence of the primary antibody to be measured, as well as standard curves for determining antibody content in absolute terms. The absolute amounts of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to HSA were simliar to those determined by quantitative precipitation and constituted about 25% of the total IgG1 and IgG2 in a hyperimmune bovine serum. Only 5% of the serum IgM was specific antibody to HSA. The specificity of various anti-bovine globulin reagents was further shown by demonstrating the charactristic distribution of IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA anti-HSA in serum fractionated on Sephadex QAE-50 and in sucrose density-gradients. Finally, data on the influence of enzyme-complex concentrations, complex-step incubation times, and the reaction kinetics of soluble antibody-enzyme complexes on a ELISA results are presented. PMID- 7004284 TI - Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae respiratory tract infection of squirrel monkeys with aerosol administration of kanamycin. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of IM-administered kanamycin was compared with the efficacy of aerosol-administered kanamycin in Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected squirrel monkeys. Differences in mortality or morbidity were not seen with equivalent dosages of antibiotic ranging from 15 to 6.9 mg/kg of body weight/day. Seemingly, the IM route of kanamycin administration was as effective as the aerosol route for therapy. PMID- 7004285 TI - Antigenic stimulation via the anterio chamber of the eye: immunosuppressive effect in combination with cyclophosphamide treatment. PMID- 7004287 TI - Effect of ex vivo hypothermic irradiation on duct-ligated pancreas allografts in dogs: functional, histological, and ultrastructural findings. PMID- 7004288 TI - Clinical trial of jejunoileal and gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity: four-year progress report. AB - The present status of 38 patients comprising a clinical trial of jejunoileal and gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity, begun four years ago at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, is reported. Weight loss was greater in patients treated by jejunoileal bypass than those treated by gastric bypass. The poorer weight loss noted in the gastric bypass patients is associated with an excessively large proximal gastric pouch, which had characterized the 19 gastric bypass operations done prior to May 1977. The weight loss achieved with the current version of the gastric bypass, a smaller proximal gastric pouch, is comparable to that achieved with jejunoileal bypass. The objective and subjective sequelae and complications of jejunoileal bypass are more common and more serious than those of gastric bypass. Gastric bypass is the better operation for the treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7004289 TI - Quantitative measurement of red blood cell central pallor and hypochromasia. AB - A quantitataive definition and techniques of measurement for central pallor of red blood cells are proposed. These are based on high-resolution measurements of absorbance across the center of the cell. Thus, the measurements reflect both variations in cell thickness and hemoglobin concentration. Although contributions of thickness and concentration may differ in individual cells, to a first approximation, a specific cell may be considered as having a similar concentration of hemoglobin throughout, and thus the major contribution to the central pallor is that due to the difference in thickness between the edges of the cell and the center. The definition proposed expresses central pallor as the percentage volume of indentation, comparing the red cell to a disc of uniform absorbance equal to the maximum found at the cell edges. Population distributions of central pallor then provide a basis for quantitation of hypochromasia. The mean and standard deviation of such distributions are proposed as quantitative descriptors. Sample distributions from 27 normal persons, 8 patients with spherocytic anemia and 26 patients with iron deficiency anemia were studied. PMID- 7004286 TI - Changes in peripheral blood T-cell rosettes in kidney allograft patients during the first postoperative month. AB - This study was undertaken to compare quantitative changes observed in serial determinations of T-cell rosette values during the first 21-28 postoperative days in two groups of cadaver-kidney allograft patients. The antithymocyte (ATG) treated group received ATG (UpJohn) immunosuppression in addition to a standard regimen of immunosuppressive treatment. the second group did not receive ATG but were also on the same standard immunosuppressive regiment. Absolute number of T cell rosettes per cubic millimeter and per cent baseline rosettes were determined in each case rather than per cent rosette-forming cells. The results indicate that ATG-treated patients have the most dramatic drop in the levels of peripheral blood T-cell rosettes. Also, 60 per cent of the patients in the untreated group experienced cell-mediated immune (CMI) rejection episodes compared to 17 per cent in the ATG-treated group. This suggests that the high levels of T-cell rosettes in the peripheral blood of kidney allograft recipients may be associated with CMI rejection episodes. These findings indicate that monitoring E-rosette levels in the peripheral blood of allograft patients can provide pertinent information that may lead to accurate predictions of CMI rejection episodes. PMID- 7004290 TI - Microphotometric differentiation of human T and B cells tagged with monospecific immunoadsorbent beads. AB - A comparative and statistical study was done of the classification of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as T cells, B cells and monocytes by various immunologic procedures and computerized microphotometric analysis. PBLs from 15 healthy male subjects were examined by immunofluorescence, E rosettes, and immunoadsorbent beads (IAB) for T cells and B cells, by phase contrast microscopy and as fixed slide preparations. Cells tagged with IAB for T cells and B cells were fixed, stained with Papanicolaou stain and analyzed. Evaluation of immunologic data shows 50% to 57% T cells, 9.7% to 24.1% B cells, 13.4% to 16.1% monocytes and about 20% unmarked cells. Analysis of T cells shows significant correlations between E and T cell-IAB rosettes, but neither rosetting procedure reveals a positive correlation with immunofluorescence-labelled T cells. Comparison of B cells shows an insignificant correlation between B-cell IAB and immunofluorescence. Results showed that permanent slides of rosetted cells can be made without alteration in relative numbers of rosetted cells. Assessment of immunologically tagged cell samples by image analysis correctly classified 80% to 90% of cells as T and B cells. Evaluation of homogeneity of the T and B cell populations shows the existence of four subsets of B cells and five subsets of T cells. PMID- 7004291 TI - Combined autoradiographic and cytophotometric study of proliferating cell populations in human gliomas with description of a logarithmic screen method of cytophotometry. AB - Cell populations of 19 human brain tumors were studied by the combination of autoradiographic and cytophotometric methods. In some tumors there were up to 20% polyploid cells, but in the majority of cases the number of labeled polyploid cells was minimal. In 17 cases, labeled cells were within the range 2c to 4c or 1c to 3c: i.e., mainly near-diploid or hypodiploid cells took part in the proliferation process. In two cases (a malignant astrocytoma and an oligodendroglioma) there were two classes of proliferating cells, diploid and tetraploid. In some cases, large populations of S and G2 cells were found, which were considered to be arrested within the cycle. PMID- 7004292 TI - Reflux esophagitis: effect of oral bethanechol on symptoms and endoscopic findings. AB - We ascertained the effectiveness of oral bethanechol on symptoms and endoscopic evaluation of reflux esophagitis in a double-blind controlled study. Forty-four patients were treated with either 25-mg bethanechol tablets or placebo, each given four times daily for 4 weeks, in addition to conventional medical therapy. Both therapies significantly decreased symptoms as well as endoscopic lesions; however, endoscopic improvement was significantly better in the bethanechol treated group. Bethanechol therapy resulted in complete endoscopic healing in 10 of 22 cases, whereas only three of 22 patients in the control group had such healing. No worsening of endoscopic lesions was seen in either group. Our study indicates that bethanechol is an effective drug offering advantages over conventional antacid therapy in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7004294 TI - The clinical significance of tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7004293 TI - Calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Part II: Hemodynamic effects and clinical applications. AB - The calcium channel blocking agents have multiple hemodynamic effects that make them potentially valuable in treating many cardiovascular disorders. They are potent dilators of coronary and peripheral arteries and in isolated tissue preparations exert potent negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. In intact animals the peripheral arterial vasodilatation induces reflex mediated adrenergic activity, which opposes the direct negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic, and hypotensive effects. The individual calcium channel blockers have different relative potencies on various cardiovascular functions. The net hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effect of each agent, therefore, results from a complex interplay of direct and reflex phenomena. The clinical efficacy of these agents in classic angina pectoris relates to their ability to decrease afterload, myocardial contractility, and heart rate and increase coronary blood flow. The agents have been used to prevent coronary spasm in Prinzmetal's variant angina. The negative inotropic effects of verapamil are valuable in improving the symptoms and hemodynamic disturbances of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The role of these agents in treating arterial hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass needs to be determined. PMID- 7004295 TI - Medical therapy of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7004296 TI - Platelets and their membranes in hemostasis: physiology and pathophysiology. AB - Platelets form a plug and promote thrombin generation at sites of vascular injury. These processes are initiated by interaction of the platelet plasma membrane with various substances within or accumulating at the injured vessel. Thus, platelet adhesion to exposed subendothelium requires the binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets. Agonists such as thrombin bind to membrane receptors, thereby stimulating the binding of fibrinogen to platelets and resulting in the aggregation of platelets onto those already adherent to the vessel wall. Agonists also stimulate transfer of membrane=bound calcium into the cytoplasm. This triggers the secretion of granule substances and results in the recruitment of additional platelets to the hemostatic plug. Concomitant with secretion, the platelet surface supports several reactions leading to thrombin generation. Thus, hemostasis requires a series of coordinated responses involving platelet membranes. A defect in any of these responses can lead to a bleeding diathesis. PMID- 7004297 TI - Physician care in nursing homes. PMID- 7004298 TI - Escherichia coli and acute diarrheal disease. PMID- 7004299 TI - Outpatient care costs. PMID- 7004300 TI - Fatal pancytopenia associated with the use of captopril. PMID- 7004301 TI - Serum phenytoin concentrations in uremia. PMID- 7004302 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions to cancer chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Hypersensitivity reactions from cytotoxic agents have not been accorded much attention. Certain drugs (L-asparaginase, cisplatin, intravenous melphalan, topical mechlorethamine, zinostatin, and teniposide) produce reactions often enough to be a clinical problem. Others (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine) do so only occasionally. Bleomycin uniquely produces an occasional hyperpyrexic reaction with clinical findings similar to anaphylaxis. Some cytotoxic agents have never been known to produce hypersensitivity reactions. This paper reviews the frequency and clinical information about such reactions, factors augmenting or decreasing the frequency, and, where possible, the etiologic mechanisms. PMID- 7004303 TI - NIH conference. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disease characterized and perpetuated by activated lung T-lymphocytes. AB - The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by an intense, mononuclear cell infiltrate that probably precedes granuloma formation. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying pulmonary sarcoidosis can be shown by study of the mononuclear cells composing the alveolitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage has shown that the sarcoid lung is characterized by increased numbers of "activated" T lymphocytes within the alveolar structures. In contrast to normal control cells, the lung T-lymphocytes of patients with sarcoid release the mediator, monocyte chemotactic factor, that probably contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by recruiting blood monocytes to the lung, thus providing cellular building blocks for granuloma formation. Conventional monitors of the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis, such as blood studies, pulmonary function testing, and chest roentgenograms, show little assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage or by histopathologic studies. In contrast, quantification of lavage T-lymphocyte populations and 67Ga scintigraphy of the chest provide a sensitive and specific means of assessing the activity of the alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis and may provide a rational basis for therapy. PMID- 7004304 TI - The histiocytic disorders: a pathophysiologic analysis. AB - The histiocytoses are a diverse group of disorders involving cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. These diseases are usually characterized by proliferation and activation of macrophages caused either by external stimuli or by an intrinsic cellular abnormality. We propose that these conditions be classified as reactive histiocytosis (inciting agent known or unknown), lipid storage disorder, and mononuclear phagocyte neoplasia based on apparent cause and natural history. Recent knowledge of monocyte-macrophage development and function allows for construction of pathophysiologic models of diseases formerly approached in a descriptive fashion. Macrophage activation appears to mediate many clinical features of th histiocytic disorders, such as hemophagocytosis, fever, and osteolysis. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of the histiocytic disorders should lead to improved therapy. PMID- 7004305 TI - [Purulent meningitis from surgical inoculation of an anterior sacral meningocele: a rare complication of Marfan's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bacterial meningitis by surgical inoculation of a pelvic meningocele is reported. The authors remind the association between anterior sacral meningocele and the Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7004306 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies: means of assistance by clinical teams in emergency cases in Brazil]. PMID- 7004307 TI - [The psychiatric hospital of yesterday and tomorrow]. PMID- 7004308 TI - [Recent developments of psychiatric policy in Spain]. PMID- 7004309 TI - [Contribution of delusion analysis to psychiatric assistance]. PMID- 7004310 TI - [School sociometry]. PMID- 7004312 TI - Correction of hammer toe surgery deformity by Z-plasty and bone graft. AB - Some of the older orthopedic techniques for correcting hammer toes and corns called for major resection or even total resection of a phalanx of the toe. The late result of some of these procedures was a deformed, flail, or contracted toe on the dorsum of the foot. The patient described had such deformities on both little toes. Surgical correction included Z-plasties for the skin, extensor tendon resection, and bone grafts. Three-year follow-up has shown the technique to be a safe and satisfactory long-term method of reconstruction. PMID- 7004311 TI - [Proximal nail fold biopsy in connective tissue diseases. 26 cases studied under light and electron microscopy and direct immunofluorescence (author's transl)]. AB - 30 specimens of nail fold biopsies have been studied through light and electron microscopy, and direct immunofluorescence, in 26 cases of connective tissue diseases: Raynaud's phenomenon and acrosclerosis (7 cases), systemic scleroderma (10 cases), chronic and acute lupus erythematosus (4 cases), dermatomyositis (5 cases). Numerous tissular changes have been observed by these three different ways: capillaries dilatations, dermal sclerosis, numerous, large, dermal and epidermal colloid bodies, basal lamina replications, collagen's modifications, tubuloreticular inclusions, crystalloid bodies, lysosomial inclusions, immunoglobulins deposits. Thus proximal nail fold appears to be an elective tissular area for collagen diseases study. PMID- 7004314 TI - Where should the knot be placed? AB - When suturing a wound the surgeon should consider where to locate the knot. Suture placement and removal, patient comfort, wound healing, and cosmetic result can be facilitated by proper knot placement. PMID- 7004313 TI - The fate of the buried hair. PMID- 7004315 TI - Reconstruction of the ala and nostril sill using proximate composite grafts. AB - The use of a wedge of contralateral alar rim as a composite graft for alar reconstruction after tumor resection is presented. The use of submental full thickness graft interposition is also discussed. PMID- 7004316 TI - The "Sulfamylon sandwich"--a laminated mafenide-saline dressing. AB - Though commercially available 11.2% mafenide acetate cream (Sulfamylon) has been shown to be very effective in preventing burn wound sepsis, it has several serious drawbacks. Five percent mafenide acetate solution dressings are also effective and do not have the disadvantages of the cream. This preparation, however, is not available for general usage. For these reasons, we have devised a laminated dressing using the 11.2% cream and saline, which delivers an aqueous solution of mafenide acetate to the wound. The dressing has proved both effective and acceptable to patients, and is particularly valuable following the application of split-thickness skin grafts to burns and other chronic open wounds. The technique is described. PMID- 7004317 TI - The pulley canthopexy for residual telecanthus after hypertelorism repair or facial trauma. AB - The onset of canthal drift after hypertelorism repair can nullify the effectiveness of the repair, despite roentgenographic evidence of normal interorbital distance. The problem of hypertelorism is simply replaced by the problem of telecanthus. An excess of bulky tissue between the orbits contributes to the problem. A procedure is described in which excess soft tissue (fat, nasal muscles, and parts of the orbicularis oculi) are excised. A pulley canthopexy with a figure-of-eight suture of polypropylene is performed to bring the canthal tendons together using a hollow awl with a removable handle. The pulley gives a 4 to 1 mechanical advantage to the suture, adding control and distributing the forces over a wider area. The pulley canthopexy is a valuable tool not only in congenital anomalies but also for correcting long-standing traumatic telecanthus and acute detachment of the canthal ligaments. PMID- 7004318 TI - Evaluation of biological dressings. AB - The use of biological dressings in the treatment of burns is reviewed. Many theoretical advantages were initially proposed, but time and controlled studies have disproved some of them. Biological dressings are nevertheless helpful in relieving pain, protecting exposed vital structures, reducing exudative protein and erythrocyte loss and evaporative water loss, protecting granulation tissue, antibacterial activity, and testing a recipient bed's readiness for grafting. They probably offer no benefit in final wound debridement and primary dressings for partial thickness burns or split skin donor sites. There is no conclusive evidence that biological dressings alter epithelialization or the rate of formation of granulation tissue. A review of our last 100 cases at the Bothin Burn Center generally supports these conclusions with evidence of the superiority of homografts over heterografts. PMID- 7004319 TI - Late repair of facial burns. AB - Management of patients with severe postburn facial deformities is elaborated. On the basis of over 400 patients, the planning and value of numerous surgical methods are discussed with--special regard to rarely adopted but effective solutions. PMID- 7004320 TI - Comparison of donor site dressings. AB - A comparison study of donor site care using 5 common modalities was undertaken. A total of 210 treated donor areas were examined for healing differences, comfort, complications, and cost. At the conclusion of the study we were able to recommend certain treatment methods depending on the nature of the donor wound. PMID- 7004321 TI - Rapid application of skin grafts over large areas. PMID- 7004323 TI - [Repair of long-term cavernostomies and parieto-pleurectomies using myoplasty and cutaneous autoplasty]. PMID- 7004322 TI - [Complications during treatment of inflammatory tracheal stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004324 TI - [History of hand surgery]. PMID- 7004325 TI - [Mechanism of arrhythmia in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004326 TI - Kidney transplantation and tumours. AB - During the period 1964--1978 700 renal transplants were given to 602 patients. Eight patients had a history of tumour before transplantation. After transplantation six cases with a de novo tumour were found. The treatment of the pretransplant tumours was completed on average 3 years before transplantation. The average interval from transplantation to discovery of de novo tumour was 2 years. The pretransplant tumours appeared 5 to 9 years before last control (Jan. 79) (mean 8 years). Two of the transplanted patients with previous tumours died later of their tumours. The others are still alive. Two of the patients with de novo tumour died of vascular accidents and one of tumour. The other three are alive. It seems that transplantation can be successful in patients with previous tumours. This study does not support previous reports of increased risk of de novo tumours in transplanted patients. PMID- 7004327 TI - Endogenous oestrogens and the renin-aldosterone axis--castration of women with high or normal oestradiol level. AB - Oestrogens increase plasma renin activity (PRA) by inducing synthesis of renin substrate in the liver. This is proved clinically by the synthetic oestrogens of oral contraceptives and by the equine conjugated oestrogens in postmenopausal therapy. The effect of endogenous oestrogen production on the activity of the renin-aldosterone system is not clear, but progesterone is an important stimulus of renin release in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. We studied 15 premenopausal women undergoing bilateral oophorectomy. Eight women had high mean serum oestradiol level 1.2 +/- 0.6 (SD) nmol/l for follicular cysts or for a prolonged climacteric proliferation phase. Seven women had normal follicular oestradiol level (0.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/l). In PRA or daily urinary aldosterone excretion (dU-Ald) no differences could be found between the groups. In one month after oophorectomy no changes in PRA or dU-Ald were found in either group, while the serum oestradiol fell to unmeasurable levels. The results suggest that endogenous oestrogens are not to cause activation of the renin-aldosterone axis as measured by the clinically useful PRA and dU-Ald. The result is in agreement with previous reports of postmenopausal therapy with oestriol succinate or oestradiol valerate. PMID- 7004328 TI - Diabetes Mellitus 1979. PMID- 7004329 TI - Modern iron ligands useful for the measurement of serum iron. PMID- 7004330 TI - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - A rapid homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline has been adapted to a centrifugal analyzer. The sample volume used was 10 microliter and sera from as many as 28 patients could be measured in 180 seconds. The assay temperature was 30 degrees and the absorbance rates were measured at 340 nm. Within-run and run to-run precision showed a coefficient of variation of less than 2.6 and 7.5 percent, respectively, for theophylline concentrations of 2.5 to 40 mg per liter. The method was linear to 50 mg per liter and the analytical recovery was quantitative. A comparison between high pressure liquid chromatography (X) and the centrifugal analyzer enzyme immunoassay method (Y) for 51 patient samples revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.976 with a regression line of Y = 1.07 X 1.05 mg per liter. Reagent costs were reduced three-fold by adapting the enzyme immunoassay procedure from a semi-automatic spectrophotometer to a centrifugal analyzer. An absorbance rate for each theophylline sample was obtained by a multipoint kinetic rate computer program by the centrifugal analyzer. Severe hemolysis and lipemia interfered in this assay. PMID- 7004331 TI - Intrinsic factor mediated cobalamin absorption. AB - The physiological absorption of vitamin B12 is a complex process which requires the interaction of several macromolecules. Mediated by the glycoprotein, intrinsic factor (IF), this process requires formation of a primary complex between vitamin B12 and IF (IF-B12), the recognition and binding of this complex to specific ileal receptors and the transport of vitamin B12 across the ileal cell. As a measure of this overall process, the vitamin B12 absorption test has helped to identify abnormal vitamin B12 absorption in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and familial vitamin B12 malabsorption (Immerslung Grasbeck syndrome). Progress into understanding the role of proteolytic enzymes in promoting vitamin B12 absorption as well as the molecular events of vitamin B12 transport across the ileal cell has been brought about by recent investigation based upon this determination. PMID- 7004332 TI - The measurement and interpretation of serum ferritin. AB - Determination of serum ferritin is an important means of assessing body iron stores. Trace amounts of ferritin normally present in serum are detectable by sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques or an enzyme immunoassay procedure. Ferritin normally accounts for no more than a very small fraction of the total iron in serum, but generally maintains a stable concentration that is proportional to the much larger pool of storage iron in tissues. The serum ferritin assay, in contrast to other measurements of iron status such as hemoglobin, serum iron and iron-binding capacity, can distinguish differences in iron stores within the physiological range. In iron deficiency anemia, the concentration is below 10 ng per ml. Increased concentrations (above 200 ng per ml) are found in conditions with increased iron stores. The information it provides is similar to that obtained from bone-marrow aspirates stained for iron. In contrast to the percent transferrin-saturation and concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin, ferritin concentrations become abnormal before exhaustion of mobilizable iron stores and before the onset of anemia. Serum ferritin also provides a practical means of assessing new programs of iron supplementation, since it reflects various degrees of iron deficiency and overload. PMID- 7004333 TI - Clinical manifestations of hypothalamic tumors. AB - The regulatory function of the central nervous system encompasses diverse endocrine, metabolic, and behavioral processes. Many of these originate, are integrated, or are coordinated through hypothalamic pathways or nuclei. Thus, tumors affecting areas projecting to the hypothalamus, tumors of the hypothalamus, and tumors invading or compressing the hypothalamus can produce abnormalities of hypothalamic function. PMID- 7004335 TI - [Penicillin amidase from E. coli. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis of 7-phenylacetamidodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid catalyzed by an immobile enzyme]. AB - The kinetics of 7-phenylacetamidodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-PADCA) catalyzed by immobilized penicillinamidase was studied. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the reaction were determined by analysis of the kinetic curves of the reaction product accumulation. Inhibition of the enzymatic reaction by the substrate and hydrolysis products was studied. It was found that the Michaelis complex completely lost its activity after attachment of the substrate second molecule to it. The values of the Michaelis constants, catalytic constant and constants of inhibition by the substrate and reaction products were determined: Km = (9.3 +/- 1.1) . 10(-5) M, kcat = (65 +/- 5) c-1, Ks = (1.4 +/- 0.1) . 10(-2) M, K1 (FAA) = (2.5 +/- 0.3) . 10(-4) M, K1 (7-ADCA) = (1.4 +/- 0.1) . 10(-1) M. The diffusion effect in the kinetic reaction catalyzed by immobilized penicillinamidase is discussed. The values of the Thiele modulus and the actual value of Km were calculated. PMID- 7004334 TI - Clinical applicability and usefulness of ferritin measurements. AB - The accurate measurement of ferritin in the serum was first reported in 1972. Since then, the assay has become widely available to clinicians. However, the role of this assay in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases is still poorly defined. Serum ferritin levels are clearly useful in the diagnosis of simple iron deficiency. Hepatic disease, malignancies, and other chronic diseases can cause an elevation in serum ferritin which does not represent an elevation in body iron stores. While markedly elevated in late hemochromatosis, the value of serum ferritin in the detection of early hemochromatosis or the carrier state is not certain. PMID- 7004336 TI - [Use of paper strips impregnated with antibiotics in the bacteriological diagnosis of dysentery: the 2-strip method]. AB - The studies provided development of a new method consisting of placing 2 filter paper strips each impregnated with an antibiotic (2 antibiotics are used out of 3: levomycetin, tetracycline and streptomycin) under a layer of Ploskirev's medium with sodium sulfacyl. The antibiotics are chosen proceeding from the predominance in the given area of Shigella resistant to some of the above antibiotics. The method simplifies and makes more economic the tests, provides higher frequency of Shigella isolation as compared to the procedure with the routine Ploskirev's medium or gradient dishes, has almost the same isolation frequency as with the use of 2 plates (with and without antibiotic). The method is recommended for wide use in practice. PMID- 7004338 TI - Comparative activities of cefotiam and cefazolin against urinary tract infections with Proteus mirabilis in mice. AB - The therapeutic effect of cefotiam on experimental urinary tract infections with Proteus mirabilis IFO 3849 in mice was compared with that of cefazolin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefotiam and cefazolin against the test organism were 1.56 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. Beginning 3 days after infection, various doses of each cephalosporin were given subcutaneously twice a day for 5 days. Doses of 100 mg of cefotiam per kg or more sterilized the urine within 3 days and effected a marked reduction or complete eradication of bacteria in the bladder walls and kidneys of mice sacrificed the day after treatment was terminated. A dose of cefazolin greater than 800 mg/kg was required for equivalent therapeutic results. Clearance of bacteria from urinary tract organs was as rapid or more rapid with 50-mg/kg doses of cefotiam as with 200-mg/kg doses of cefazolin. Much more rapid clearance was attained with 200-mg/kg doses of cefotiam. The concentrations of cefotiam attained in plasma, kidney, and urine were lower than the cefazolin levels achieved at an equivalent dose. The superiority of cefotiam over cefazolin in treatment of experimental urinary tract infections appears to be due to its greater activity against the test organism. PMID- 7004337 TI - Plasmid-determined resistance to fosfomycin in Serratia marcescens. AB - Multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains of Serratia marcescens isolated from hospitalized patients were examined for their ability to transfer antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli by conjugation. Two different patterns of linked transferable resistance were found among the transconjugants. The first comprised resistance to carbenicillin, streptomycin, and fosfomycin; the second, and more common, pattern included resistance to carbenicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, and fosfomycin. The two types of transconjugant strains carried a single plasmid of either 57 or 97 megadaltons in size. Both of these plasmids are present in parental S. marcescens strains resistant to fosfomycin. The 57-megadalton plasmid was transformed into E. coli. PMID- 7004339 TI - Substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for amikacin in human serum. AB - A homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay has been developed to measure amikacin levels in human serum. Amikacin is covalently labeled with the fluorogenic enzyme substrate beta-galactosyl-umbelliferone. This beta-galactosyl umbelliferone-amikacin conjugate is nonfluorescent under assay conditions until it is hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase to yield a fluorescent product. When antiserum to amikacin binds the substrate-labeled drug, the antibody complex formation inhibits hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate. Reaction mixtures containing a constant level of substrate-labeled amikacin and a limiting amount of antiserum enable labeled and unlabeled amikacin to compete for the antibody binding sites. Unbound substrate-labeled drug is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to release a fluorescent product that is proportional to the unlabeled amikacin concentration. The amikacin levels found in clinical serum samples with this method were comparable (r = 0.987) to those obtained by radioimmunoassay. The fluorescent immunoassay is rapid and simple to perform and requires only 2 microliters of serum. PMID- 7004340 TI - Effects of potassium and sodium ions on the killing action of a Pichia kluyveri toxin in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Loss of viability of toxin-treated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCF 1717 could be prevented in the period before they altered physiologically if cells were incubated in media with a suitable concentration of potassium (0.08 to 0.13 M) and hydrogen ions (pH 6.2 to 6.7). Incorporation of higher amounts of potassium chloride in the media had a pronounced negative effect on cell survival, particularly when the pH of the medium was lowered. Replacement of KCl by NaCl in the plate media was even more deleterious to toxin-treated cells and, in contrast with potassium, low concentrations of sodium ions could not sustain recovery of cells. Complete recovery of a toxin-treated cell suspension required an incubation of 3 h in a suitable medium. The recovery process was blocked by cycloheximide. PMID- 7004342 TI - Therapeutic effects of cefotiam and cefazolin on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. AB - The efficacies of several dosage schedules, productive of plasma levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three different times (3, 18, and 30h) after infection, were examined in experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. With each of the multiday regimens there was a large segment of the day when plasma levels fell below assayable concentrations. In all cases, cefotiam proved about eight times as active as cefazolin, indicating that the potent in vitro antibacterial activity of cefotiam was well reflected in the therapeutic effect in this model infection. As judged by the total dose administered, the regimen of cefotiam producing a low but sustained plasma level gave better therapeutic effects than that exhibiting a high but transient plasma level. The cefotiam levels in the plasma of mice that received the regimen effective when initiated at 18 h after infection were less than the expected levels in humans after intravenous infusion of the usual clinical dose. PMID- 7004341 TI - Klebsiella neonatal injections: mechanism of broadening aminoglycoside resistance. AB - Kanamycin resistance in eight strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated during an outbreak of infection in a neonatal intensive care unit was found to be transferable and mediated by neomycin phosphotransferase. After gentamicin was used to control infections caused by kanamycin-resistant organisms, a strain resistant to gentamicin emerged. Gentamicin resistance in this ninth strain was not transferable and was accompanied by resistance to tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin. Enzymatic modifications of aminoglycosides other than neomycin and kanamycin could not be demonstrated either by filter binding assays or by electrophoresis of a radioactive aminoglycoside substrate. The strain with broad aminoglycoside resistance contained six plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid bands, none of which appeared to be different in molecular weight from plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid bands in strains isolated before the institution of gentamicin therapy. The broadening of resistance was accompanied by reduced uptake of radioactively labeled streptomycin and gentamicin. The relationship between aminoglycoside resistance and reduced drug transport in the absence of any enzymatic modification is discussed. PMID- 7004343 TI - Influence of extracellular K+ or Mg2+ on the stages of the antifungal effects of amphotericin B and filipin. AB - The macrolide heptaene amphotericin B (AmB) induced concentration-dependent effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were separable into two distinct stages. At low concentrations the drug inhibited the growth of the yeast and reversible changed cell permeability to Na+ and K+. At high levels it was lethal. The intracellular K+ concentration of cells with reversible damage (stage I) could be increased by addition of K+ to the medium, but cells irreversibly damaged (stage II) were not able to retain K+. The addition of K+ to the medium did not influence the growth-inhibitory or killing action of AmB. Addition of Mg2+ to cultures increased S. cerevisiae resistance to the killing effects of AmB. At low concentrations of AmB, growth inhibition was also decreased by extracellular Mg2+, but at higher concentration of AmB, growth inhibition was increased, probably because the prevention by Mg2+ of the lethal effect allowed expression of the inhibitory effect in a greater range. Simultaneous addition of K+ and Mg2+ markedly decreased both the inhibitory and lethal action of AmB at all concentrations. Filipin, a pentaene macrolide, had only lethal effects, which were unaffected when K+ was added to the medium but were diminished when medium was supplemented with Mg2+. PMID- 7004344 TI - Comparative susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens to newer cephalosporins, alone and in combination with various aminoglycosides. AB - We examined 100 clinically significant isolates of Serratia marcescens for susceptibility to newer cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotics, alone and in combination with various aminoglycosides. Moxalactam and cefotaxime were the most effective agents; all isolates were inhibited by 25 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. All strains were susceptible to amikacin at concentrations safely achievable in serum, whereas gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin inhibited 63, 63, and 16% of the isolates, respectively. Moxalactam, cefotaxime, and amikacin were active against gentamicin-susceptible and gentamicin-resistant strains. Studies of synergy revealed that moxalactam and cefotaxime, in combination with netilmicin or amikacin, were often synergistic and infrequently antagonistic against cephalothin- and gentamicin-resistant strains. These results suggest that moxalactam and cefotaxime, alone or in combination, may be efficacious in treating infections due to multiply antibiotic-resistant S. marcescens. PMID- 7004345 TI - Characterization of beta-lactamase-deficient (bla) mutants of the R plasmid R1 in Escherichia coli K-12 and comparison with similar mutants of RP1. AB - Thirty-eight mutants of R1, an R plasmid specifying the type IIIa (TEM) beta lactamase, were isolated; these mutants are partially or totally unable to synthesize the type IIIa beta-lactamase. The loss of beta-lactamase activity was associated with a reduction in the level of penicillin resistance conferred by the mutants upon their host strain. At least two of the mutants synthesized a beta-lactamase with altered substrate specificity. These properties are compared with those of two beta-lactamase-deficient mutants of plasmid RP1. The results suggest that, for both R plasmids, penicillin resistance is entirely attributable to the presence of beta-lactamase activity. The properties of two R1 derivatives, pUB251 and pUB252, which have phenotypes similar to that of RP1, support this conclusion. PMID- 7004346 TI - Quantitative correlation between penicillin resistance and beta-lactamase activity specified by the R plasmids R1, R1 bla-45, and RP1 in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - A mutant of the R plasmid R1 which synthesizes a beta-lactamase with altered kinetic characteristics was isolated. The level of penicillin resistance specified by this plasmid was correctly predicted from the properties of the wild type R1 according to a simple theoretical model published by Zimmermann and Rosselet (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 12:368--372, 1977). The model also accounts for the high level of penicillin resistance specified by the R plasmid RP1. PMID- 7004348 TI - Effect of storage and changes in bacterial growth phase and antibiotic concentrations on antimicrobial tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Forty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for tolerance to oxacillin and cephalothin by broth dilution susceptibility tests and killing curves. Most experiments were carried out with stationary-phase inocula, but nine tolerant isolates were retested with log-phase inocula. All 40 isolates were retested in killing curves at double the antibiotic concentrations used in initial tests. Isolates were retested for tolerance to oxacillin after storage at --70 degrees C for 1 year. In broth dilution tests, 23 of 40 (57.5%) and 20 of 40 (50%) isolates were tolerant to oxacillin and cephalothin, respectively. By killing curves, 25 of 40 (62.5%) and 22 of 40 (55%) isolates were tolerant to oxacillin and cephalothin, respectively. When nine tolerant isolates were retested with log-phase inocula, none manifested tolerance. Only 25 to 30% of the isolates were tolerant in killing curves performed with oxacillin and cephalothin at concentrations double those used in initial tests. After storage at --70 degrees C for 1 year, only two-thirds of the isolates remained tolerant. In isolates that remained tolerant, the degree of tolerance diminished to about 25% of that observed in initial tests. PMID- 7004350 TI - Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to newer beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - In vitro susceptibility testing of 28 strains of Eikenella corrodens by the agar dilution technique showed that all strains were uniformly susceptible to penicillin, ticarcillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, and moxalactam and resistant to clindamycin and cefadroxil. Cefoperazone, piperacillin, and mezlocillin showed good activity, with some strains relatively resistant. Bacampicillin and cefamandole showed relatively poor activity. PMID- 7004347 TI - Identification of tetracycline-resistant R-plasmids in Streptococcus agalactiae (group B). AB - In this report, 30 tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of group B Streptococcus were examined to assess the extent to which tetracycline resistance is plasmid mediated. Of these, 27 showed no physical or genetic evidence of plasmid-mediated resistance; however, one conjugative and two small (3.5 X 10(6) dalton) multicopy non-self-transmissible tetracycline resistance plasmids were identified. The conjugative plasmid was transmissible to Streptococcus faecalis as well as to Streptococcus agalactiae (group B). The two nonconjugative plasmids were readily mobilized by a number of sex factors into these same two backgrounds and, in addition, readily transformed Streptococcus sanguis Challis to tetracycline resistance. Due to readily available sites for several site-specific endonuycleases, these small, multicopy plasmids should prove useful as cloning vehicles in this host system. PMID- 7004349 TI - Interaction between aminoglycoside uptake and ribosomal resistance mutations. AB - Mutants resistant to the 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides hygromycin B and gentamicin were analyzed biochemically and genetically. In hygromycin B-resistant strains, ribosomal alterations were not detectable by electrophoretic or genetic experiments. Rather, as was demonstrated for one strain in detail, resistance to this drug seems to be the consequence of several mutations, each impairing drug accumulation, namely of a deletion of a gene close to the proC marker which potentiates the effect of a second mutation in the unc gene cluster. Three mutants resistant to gentamicin which were previously demonstrated to harbor an altered ribosomal protein, L6, were shown in addition to contain unc. Both the unc and the ribosomal mutation greatly impair the drug accumulation ability of the mutants. Further evidence for the direct effect of ribosomal mutations on the uptake of aminoglycosides was obtained with strains that possess ribosomes with increased affinity for dihydrostreptomycin. Dihydrostreptomycin transport by these cells is greatly stimulated; thus, the hypersensitivity of these mutants is caused by increased binding affinity for dihydrostreptomycin and its secondary effect on the uptake process. Experiments were also performed on the biochemical basis of the third phase of aminoglycoside transport (acceleration phase). The condition for its onset is that ribosomes are active in protein synthesis irrespective of whether the proteins synthesized are functional. This, and the failure to observe the synthesis of new proteins upon the addition of aminoglycosides, do not support the view of autoinduction of a cognate or related transport system. PMID- 7004351 TI - Virulence of Escherichia coli in acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. AB - E. coli strains were isolated from urine specimens of hospitalised patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), and tested for virulence in an experimental mouse model. Of 12 pyelonephritis-strains 11 were shown to be virulent and 1 avirulent; of 12 cystitis-strains 4 were virulent and 8 avirulent; of 12 ABU-strains 5 were virulent and 7 avirulent. It is concluded that, while no difference in virulence was found between cystitis- and ABU-strains, pyelonephritis-strains were more often virulent than cystitis- and ABU-strains. No associations could be shown between virulence of the isolated strains and the presence of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine. Common urinary O types were not more often virulent than other O types. No relationship was seen between virulence and the presence of K antigen or the presence of particular K types. PMID- 7004352 TI - Capture of latex beads, bacteria, endotoxin, and viruses by charge-modified filters. AB - This report demonstrates how electropositive filters can be used to enhance the removal of microorganisms and other negatively charged particles from water. It was shown that electropositive depth filters were capable of adsorbing viruses and endotoxins many times smaller than the average pore size of the filter. Electronegative filters of similar porosity or electropositive filters that had been treated to destroy the positive charge were almost ineffective under similar conditions for the removal of viruses and small latex spheres. The results of this study indicate that electropositive filters are highly effective in the removal of a wide range of contaminants over a wide range of pH values and ionic conditions. PMID- 7004353 TI - Relative effects of bacterial and protozoan predators on survival of Escherichia coli in estuarine water samples. AB - The relative effect of protozoan and bacterial predators on the survival of Escherichia coli in estuarine water samples was examined. Predacious protozoa exerted their major influence on E. coli destruction during the first 2 days of a 10-day-decline period. Inhibition of protozoa after day 2 had little effect on E. coli survival. Bacterial predators also contributed to E. coli destruction but in natural estuarine water samples were maintained at lower levels due to "grazing" by predacious protozoa. PMID- 7004354 TI - Simple method for concentration of bacteria from large volumes of tap water. AB - Membrane adsorption-elution techniques have made it possible to concentrate and detect small numbers of viruses in large volumes of water and wastewater, but no such methods are available for quantitative recovery of bacteria. A number of waterborne disease outbreaks of "unknown etiology" in the United States are suspected to have been caused by pathogens present in numbers too small to be detected by currently available methodology. The present study reports on the use of positively charged depth filters for the concentration and detection of bacteria in large volumes of tap water. In this method, dechlorinated tap water was passed, under positive pressure, through positively charged filter media (Zetaplus, 05S). More than 90% of seeded bacteria adsorbed to these filters at ambient pH levels. Adsorbed bacteria were eluted by passing a small volume of Trypticase soy broth in the direction opposite of the influent flow. By this method, Escherichia coli and Salmonella serovar B organisms in 20 liters of tap water were concentrated in a final volume of 50 ml, with an average recovery efficiency of greater than or equal to 30%. PMID- 7004355 TI - Rate of occurrence of false-positive results from total coliform most-probable number analysis of shellfish and estuaries. AB - The incidence of confirmed test, false-positive coliform most-probable-number results was compared with environmental parameters and was found to be inversely related to water temperature. It is concluded that the completed coliform test must be done when water temperatures drop below 15 degrees C. PMID- 7004356 TI - [Detection of sulfite-reducing clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae in drinking water]. PMID- 7004357 TI - A near-infrared method for studying hydration changes in aqueous solution: illustration with protease reactions and protein denaturation. PMID- 7004358 TI - Coenzyme B12-dependent diol dehydrase: chemical modification with 2,3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal. PMID- 7004359 TI - A nuclear magnetic resonance study of cobalt II alcohol dehydrogenase: substrate analog-metal interactions. PMID- 7004360 TI - Proteolytic modification of human phosphoglycerate kinase from lymphoblasts. PMID- 7004362 TI - Water deprivation and food restriction on pulmonary bacterial defenses in mice. AB - Mice deprived of water for 48 hr, mice allowed water but restricted in food intake to equal that consumed by the water-deprived mice, and control mice were exposed for 30 min to an aerosol of Serratia marcescens. Comparison of the number of organisms in the lungs of mice killed immediately after infection and those killed 4 hr later showed a normal reduction over the 4-hr period in the control mice. A significant increase, however, was observed in the water-deprived mice and an even greater increase in the food-restricted mice allowed water. The results did not correlate directly with the lung weight or lung water content. This reduction in bacterial defense could not be assigned solely to either water or food restriction. PMID- 7004361 TI - Immunopathological studies on alopecia areata. AB - Anti-endothelial cell antibodies could be removed from circulating lymphocytes by means of acid elution techniques in eight patients with different degrees of alopecia areata. These antibodies were specifically directed against the endothelial cells in the capillary network of the hair bulb, indicating the existence of an antigen, which is unique to these particular endothelial cells. These antibodies do not bind complement "in vitro" and are species-specific. Circulating ANA (speckled type) were only noticed in case with alopecia areata in spots. A significant decrease in circulating T cells was noticed in six of eight patients with a certain degree of alopecia. PMID- 7004364 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on the LH release induced by a superactive analog of LH RH. AB - The effect of cycloheximide on the pituitary response to a superactive analog of LH-RH (D-Ala-6-des-gly-10-LH-RH-ethylamide) was studied in intact male rats. Cycloheximide did not modify the LH release induced by the LH-RH analog within 1 hr after its injection, but produced significant supression between 1 and 4 hr. It is concluded that the early release of LH observed after the administration of the analog occurs from the readily releasable pool of LH in the pituitary gland, which is not affected by cycloheximide. The subsequent LH release that can be suppressed by cycloheximide comes from the second pool of LH. PMID- 7004365 TI - Calcium fluxes in the process of glucose-induced insulin release. PMID- 7004363 TI - Hemorrhagic pancreatitis. PMID- 7004366 TI - Endotoxin-induced inhibition of gastric emptying rate in the rat. The effect of repeated administration and the influence of some antipyretic agents. AB - Intravenous injection of endotoxin from E. coli O (111)B(4) caused inhibition of gastric emptying rate in conscious Wistar rats. Tolerance induced by repetitive daily intraperitoneal administration of the endotoxin, resulted in a complete abolition of this effect. Insulin, administered subcutaneously, stimulated gastric emptying rate. Pretreatment with this drug opposed the endotoxin-induced inhibitory effect completely. Pretreatment with indomethacin only had a partial antagonistic influence, while other drugs such as flurbiprofen, suprofen and novaminsulphonum had no significant effect upon endotoxin-induced inhibition of gastric emptying rate. Previous studies suggested that some effect of endotoxin other than stimulation of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins should be considered. The results of the present study suggest a similar conclusion. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents used, did not modify the normal course of gastric emptying in the control rats. PMID- 7004367 TI - Effect of nolinium bromide, cimetidine, and oxyphencyclimine on gastric hypersecretion induced by some secretagogues in the rat. AB - Gastric hypersecretion was induced in the pylorus-ligated rat by histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol, or insulin following the peroral administration of either nolinium bromide, a new non-anticholinergic antisecretory drug, cimetidine, an H2-histamine receptor antagonists, or oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride, a specific anticholinergic drug. Nolinium bromide cimetidine or oxyphencycline. Nolinium bromide and cimetidine weakly antagonized hypersecretions in response to carbachol and to insulin while oxyphencyclimine caused profound antagonism. It was concluded that there was incomplete parallelism in inhibitory efficacy among the three antagonist drugs suggesting that their modes of action in blocking gastric hypersection differed. The findings with nolinium bromide were consistent with its lack of specific anticholinergic action and in keeping with its gastric acid antisecretory activity. PMID- 7004368 TI - Cryptococcal pyelonephritis and disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient. AB - Symptomatic cryptococcal pyelonephritis, meningitis, and disseminated cryptococcosis are described in a renal cadaver transplant recipient who subsequently died of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. The presence of cryptococcuria and a subsequent positive CSF India ink stain led to the initial diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis. Therapy with 0.511 g of amphotericin B and 112.5 g of flucytosine for four weeks did not eradicate Cryptococcus from the kidney and was associated with hepatotoxicity. The importance of urinary examination and culture for C neoformans is emphasized. Cryptococcal pyelonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of allograft rejection in the renal transplant patient. PMID- 7004369 TI - Arm lymphedema associated with filariasis. PMID- 7004370 TI - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. An overlooked cause of hyperkalemia. AB - To establish the frequency and clinical and biochemical characteristics of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (HH), we reviewed 100 consecutive cases of hyperkalemia (potassium content > 5.3 mEq/L). The most common cause was end-stage renal failure (34%). Other causes included overzealous potassium replacement, spironolactone therapy, hemolysis, acute renal failure, acidosis, thrombocytosis, and Addison's disease. Ten of 19 patients with unexplained hyperkalemia showed suppressed renin (0.12 to 1.3 ng/mL/hr) and aldosterone (5.4 to 21.6 ng/dL) responses to furosemide-posture challenge. Cortisol reserve was normal in HH. Fludrocortisone acetate therapy corrected the hyperkalemia. Other features of HH include low serum bicarbonate content, mild renal insufficiency, diabetes, and advanced age. The use of indomethacin and ibuprofen was associated with one case of HH each. Results suggest that HH is an overlooked cause of hyperkalemia, especially in patients whose hyperkalemia is unexplained. PMID- 7004371 TI - Uncommon causes of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - In five patients, peritonitis caused by uncommon agents was acquired during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Three patients had yeast (two Candida albicans, one C parapsilosis), one Aspergillus fumigatus, and one Nocardia asteroides infections. A review of the literature indicates that yeasts are the most common cause of peritoneal dialysis-associated fungal peritonitis; only one other possible case of Aspergillus sp and no Nocardia infections have been proved, to our knowledge. Observations are recorded in reference to diagnosis and suggested methods of treatment. PMID- 7004372 TI - Obesity and essential hypertension. Hemodynamics, intravascular volume, sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity. AB - Systemic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, and plasma renin activity were determined in 135 lean, midly obese, or distinctly overweight subjects who were normotensive or had borderline or established essential hypertension. Cardiac output (but not index) was higher and peripheral resistance lower in obese than in lean subjects, except in borderline hypertension. Intravascular volume was increased in obese patients, and more so when corrected for body height; correction for body weight led to relative volume contraction. Intravascular volume correlated directly with cardiac output in the entire population, as well as in the subgroups. Intravascular volume correlated inversely with total peripheral resistance in all subjects and in each subgroup. Both correlations remained significant when an approximation was used to correct influences of obesity on total blood volume. Sodium excretion was higher in obese than in lean subjects. Thus, despite the expanded intravascular volume in obesity, the pathophysiologic relationship between systemic hemodynamics and intravascular volumes remains unchanged. Relatively low peripheral resistance in obesity may decrease the risk of systemic vascular disease. Nevertheless, since circulating volume is increased, the greater venous return adds an additional load to a left ventricle that is already burdened by a high afterload caused by arterial hypertension. PMID- 7004373 TI - Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. AB - In the vast majority of patients, angina pectoris is the cornerstone on which the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease are formulated. There is evidence to suggest that transient myocardial ischemia may occur without angina pectoris; such episodes are generally detected during ECG or hemodynamic monitoring. The exact incidence, pathophysiologic nature, and importance of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is not well known and needs further study. PMID- 7004374 TI - [Atomic absorption spectrophotometric study of the inorganic substance content of skeletal remains as a means of determining the duration of burial in the ground]. PMID- 7004375 TI - Utilization of D-phenylglycyl-glycine in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli K 12 is able to utilize the dipeptide D-phenylglycyl-glycine as a source of glycine. Growth experiments with a glycine auxotrophic mutant show that utilization of there dipeptide is competitively inhibited by D-alanine at a Ki of 4 x 10(-4) M. In contrast, L-alanyl-L-alanine which is transported via the system specific for dipeptides does not interfere with the utilization of D phenylglycyl-glycine. This indicates that the dipeptide is hydrolyzed prior to uptake, and D-alanine therefore competes with the uptake of glycine via the transport system common for both amino acids. This was confirmed by examining the growth response of various transport mutants. A mutant deficient in the transport of oligo- and dipeptides grows as well as the wild type on D-phenylglycyl glycine, whereas the growth of mutants deficient in the transport of glycine is severely impaired or prevented with this dipeptide. It is therefore demonstrated that D-phenylglycyl-glycine is hydrolyzed prior to uptake. This is a mechanism of peptide utilization in E. coli K 12 which is distinct from that described so far for other dipeptides. PMID- 7004376 TI - Membranes of the protoplast L-form of Proteus mirabilis. AB - Isolated membranes of the cell wall-less stable protoplast L-form of Proteus mirabilis were characterized by density gradient centrifugation and by assay for their major chemical constituents, proteins, phospholipids and lipopolysacchartide, and for some specific marker enzymes of the cytoplasmic membrane. In most of the analyzed properties the L-form protoplast membrane resembled the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, with some notable modifications. Considerable amounts of lipopolysaccharide, normally an exclusive constituent of the outer membrane, were found. Furthermore, the L-form membranes contained the functions of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase system, of D lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.28) and of succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) at specific activities comparable to, or in some cases considerably higher than, those present in cytoplasmic membranes of the bacterial form. Of two peptidoglycan DD-carboxypeptidase/transpeptidases (EC 3.4.17.8 and EC 2.3.2.10). which are normally present in the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial form of P. mirabilis, the membrane of the protoplast L-form contained only one. Electron microscopy of thin sectioned L-form protoplasts showed extensive heterogeneity of membraneous structures. In addition to the single membraneous integument, internal membrane-bounded vesicles and multiple stacks of membranes were present, as the result of unbalanced growth and membrane synthesis in the L-form state. PMID- 7004377 TI - The activities of hydrogenase and enoate reductase in two Clostridium species, their interrelationship and dependence on growth conditions. PMID- 7004378 TI - Phosphoglucose isomerase from Escherischia coli K 10: purification, properties and formation under aerobic and anaerobic condition. AB - Phosphoglucose isomerase has been purified from crude extracts of Escherichia coli K 10. Two forms of the enzyme were separated during the purification procedure. The major species comprises more than 90% of the enzyme activity, has an apparent molecular weight of about 125,000 and consists of two 59,000 molecular weight subunits; the minor species has an apparent size of 230,000 and consists of (possibly four) subunits of 59,000 molecular weight. Both enzyme forms have the same N-terminal amino acid, the same pH optimum of reaction and the same kinetic constants for the substrate fructose-6-phosphate and the inhibitor 6-phosphogluconate. They differ in that the minor species has half the specific enzyme activity compared to the major one and that its subunit polypeptide carries a higher electronegative charge. Since they are both coded by the pgi gene and since they show full immunological identity it seems that the minor species is a dimer of the major enzyme form and that dimerisation is caused by subunit modification. No physiological role could be found for the existence of the two forms. -- Formation of phosphoglucose isomerase is under respiratory control: under anaerobiosis the enzyme (both species) is depressed parallely with other glycolytic enzymes. PMID- 7004379 TI - Differentiation of mycoplasmatales from bacterial protoplast L-forms by assay for penicillin binding proteins. AB - Membrane proteins with the specific ability for binding penicillin with high affinity (penicillin binding proteins) were found to be present in two strains of the cell wall-less protoplast L-form of P. Mirabilis and were absent from different species of Mycoplasma and from Acholeplasma laidlawii. Thus, the assay for penicillin binding proteins appeared to be suitable for the differentiation of the cell wall-less procaryotes. The absence of penicillin binding proteins from the mycoplasmatales further confirmed the unrelatedness of this group to the bacteria. PMID- 7004380 TI - [Measurement of electric conductivity in first quarter milking samples for comparative assessment of udder health in large dairy cow herds]. AB - Described in this paper is an experimental milking kit by which to collect first quarter milking samples directly from the milk pipeline system during full operation of the milking parlor. Measurement of electric conductivity of milk samples thus collected during the milking process may provide information on the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in the herd concerned. Discussed are results obtained from comparative measurement of milk conductivity, indirect determination of milk cell counts, as well as from clinical udder checks and bacteriological milk tests in seven large herds. PMID- 7004382 TI - [Epidemiologic and genetic studies of spina bifida (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of neural tube defects among the siblings of 311 index cases has been estimated at 1.9%. The recurrence risk is higher for a same type malformation i.e. spina bifida after the birth of a child with spina bifida. The same features appear in other surveys from the literature although the general recurrence risk is lower in our series. The sex ratio appears to be inversely correlated with the incidence of the malformation, being higher in France than in Britain. Interpretation of the segregation analysis of the data is difficult. Genetic counseling is based upon the empirical risk (1.25% in the studied cases). Indications of antenatal diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7004381 TI - [Pharmacokinetic model studies of sulfamerazine in domestic mammals. 3. Acetylation, protein binding, and minimal inhibitory concentration of sulfamerazine]. AB - Acetylation and protein fixation were established for the purpose of elucidating the chemotherapeutically effective part of sulphamerazine when applied to cattle, swine, horse, sheep, dog, and cat. The highest degree of acetylation and lowest protein fixation in all species tested, were recorded from swine. A reciprocal correlation was found to exist between the two above parameters, and it was statistically secured, except for horse. A mathematical description of the functional relationship between sulphamerazine fixed to serum protein and free sulphamerazine was possible by means of the Freundlich isothermia which had been recommended by SCHOLTAN (1962) in the following form: cgeb = K+ . cfreim The problem of minimum inhibitory concentration is discussed and explained in greater detail by computational examples with Escherichia coli. PMID- 7004383 TI - [Sudden infant death and nesidioblastosis]. PMID- 7004384 TI - [Measurement of insulin sensitivity in obese or diabetic children in vivo. A comparison of three methods (author's transl)]. AB - Three groups of ten similar obese children were infused with one of three protocols. Protocol I glucose only (1.15 mM/min/m2). protocol II, glucose, insulin (42 mM/min/m2). Protocol III, glucose insulin, propanolol (0.04 mg/min/m2) adrenalin (3 micrograms/min/m2). Eighteen newly diagnosed diabetic children without acidosis received glucose according to protocol II. Thirteen normal adults (controls) received glucose infusion according to protocol I. Protocols I and II were well tolerated and gave consistent results but Protocol III was not well tolerated and did not give interpretable results. In obese children steady state blood glucose levels are significantly higher than in controls but this difference was only moderate (8.8 + 0.7 mM, against 6.6 +/- 0.4 mM for protocol I). There was no difference in insulin levels. In diabetic children the steady state was more rarely obtained after a 120 min infusion and blood glucose levels were higher than in the controls or in obese children. PMID- 7004386 TI - [Morphological classification and problems of lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease) (author's transl)]. AB - According to the Rye classification, four subtypes of Hodgkin's disease are distinguished: lymphocytic predominance, nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocytic depletion type. In this order of array prognosis is increasingly unfavourable. The importance of the diagnostically relevant Sternberg-Reed cell is discussed. The fact is emphasized that the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease cannot be made in the absence of diagnostic Sternberg-Reed cells, but the diagnosis must depend on the picture of the section as a whole. The histological feature of the four subtypes is demonstrated. Finally, problems of subclassification, the different data on frequency of the subtypes, the problematic nosological position of Hodgkin's disease, and the obscure histogenetic origin of Sternberg-Reed cells are discussed. PMID- 7004387 TI - [Old medical books in the Capitular Library in Przemysl]. PMID- 7004385 TI - The role of the term schizophrenia in the decline of diagnoses of multiple personality. AB - The syndrome of multiple (dissociated) personality fell into disrepute around 1910. This has been attributed to loss of interest in hypnosis; psychiatrists believed the syndrome resulted from hypnosis and that they were duped. However, around 1910 an important event occurred in psychiatry: Bleuler introduced the term "schizophrenia' to replace "dementia praecox.' This factor also played a role in the decline of recognition of the multiple personality syndrome, and many of these cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia. A review of Index Medicus from 1903 through 1978 shows a dramatic decline in the number of reports of multiple personality after the diagnosis of schizophrenia "caught on,' especially in the United States. A review of clinical reports indicates that many patients with multiple personality had been diagnosed and treated as schizophrenics. PMID- 7004388 TI - [Current Polish bibliography of the history of medicine]. PMID- 7004389 TI - [School of Surgery in Warsaw (1789-1793, 1795-1796). Contribution to the history of the school]. PMID- 7004391 TI - [Origin of congresses of Slavic physicians]. PMID- 7004390 TI - [Central Medical Library in Warsaw (a brief historical outline)]. PMID- 7004392 TI - [Reminiscences from the years of the German occupation 1939-1945]. PMID- 7004393 TI - [Polish medical students in Kaunas during World War II. Reminiscences of a former student]. PMID- 7004394 TI - [Polish medical students in Kaunas 1940-1942]. PMID- 7004395 TI - Studies on acquired systemic resistance in mice with oral immunization with Shigella sonnei. AB - Virulent, viable Shigella sonnei bacilli introduced orally, induced in mice resistance against lethal intravenous (i.v.) infection with dysentery bacilli. The immunized animals survived lethal infection and also bacilli were effectively destroyed in the spleen and liver of the immunized animals. It was shown that orally induced immunity may be transferred into nonimmunized mice by means of serum and spleen cells taken on definite days after immunization of donors. Protective activity of serum appeared to be dependent on the presence of specific antibodies and was correlated with their titer. Protective activity of spleen cells occurred about 6 days after immunization of the cell donors with the bacilli. Cell suspensions, prepared from the spleens taken from donors on day 6, protected 100% of the recipients of these cells from lethal infection. Results of these studies indicate that bacterial infection developing in the intestine mobilizes besides local immunity also general immunity. Mechanism of the general immunity induced by orally administered dysentery bacilli is discussed. PMID- 7004396 TI - Immune processes in the course of infection with dysentery bacilli. IV. Transfer of immunity by means of fractions isolated from sera of mice immunized with dysentery bacilli. AB - Studies in mice on the protective activity of sera fractions isolated from immune sera, showed that viable as well as killed dysentery bacilli evoke in mice immunity, which can be transferred to other mice by serum or globulin fractions isolated from the serum. It was shown that protective activity is localized in the globulin fraction of IgM and IgG class. No correlation between the titers of specific antibodies and protective activity of components of the globulin fractions was found. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the globulin fraction isolated from the serum of normal mice is capable to transfer the immunity, whereas whole serum does not exhibit any protective activity. Possible mechanism of the immunity caused by transfer of the serum fractions into lethally infected recipients was presented in the discussion. PMID- 7004397 TI - Long-term results after transfixation of an osteochondritis dissecans fragment to the femoral condyle using autologous bone transplants in adolescent and adult patients. AB - A review is reported covering 16 adolescent and 15 adult patients treated for osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles by reconstruction of the articular surface and transfixation of the fragment in situ using autologous bone transplants and followed up for a period of up to 18 years. Sixty percent of the patients were totally symptom-free, whereas in others the clinical symptoms had consistently decreased. A radiologically estimated total remodelling of the condylar surface with union of fragment to the osseous bed was seen in 90%. The reduction of the fragment was incorrect in 16% of the cases. Resorption of the distal ends of cortical bone transplants in the articular surface of the condyle was total in 87%. No immobilization or removal of bone transplants was needed after surgery and all patients later on returned to their previous work. PMID- 7004398 TI - [The profile direction toward right and left as seen from a historical study of cultural development. A dominance problem (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty percent of right handers drawing a human profile, direct it towards the left. The neurophysiological basis for this fact and the dominant role that the right hemisphere plays in higher visual performances is discussed. The preference for the left profile direction is traced back to the early Greek period in paintings, drawings, coin portraits, gems, cameos, and vase portraits. Fifty thousand objects have been analyzed. A 60% prevalence of face direction towards the right occurs in the cultural centers of the Mediterranean before 600 B.C. Before the early Greek period: the Assyrian, Egyptian, and Sumerian cultures faced more profiles to the right. This tendency for right profile direction can be traced back to Stone Age cave drawings. The profile shift from right to left occurs in the early Greek period and is related to a shift in script and in letter profile at the same time. This profile shift occurs simultaneously with an acceleration of intellectual and cultural development which also influenced our present culture. Although the percentage of right handers might not have changed considerably since the Stone Age, the profile shift from right to left suggests a hypothetical change in dominance of the cerebral hemispheres for the higher visual perception which may have induced a left preference in the period around 600 B.C. PMID- 7004399 TI - Hormonal and behavioral response of male chimpanzees to a long-acting analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - A long-acting preparation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was administered to three adult male chimpanzees living in a socially integrated group. Hormonal changes and behavioral responses were monitored for 8 days. Blood serum levels of luteinizing hormone peaked at about 8 hr and returned to baseline at 48 hr. Total serum testosterone reached the highest levels of 140% above baseline at 24 hr and returned to baseline after 48 hr. Out of a wide variety of behaviors observed in detail, only one cluster of three related behaviors showed even a suggestion of response: The two measures of activity, lone travel (p < 0.05) and distance traveled (p < 0.1), decreased on the day of hormone administration followed by an increase on the 2 subsequent days, and idle time (p < 0.1) revealed the reciprocal pattern. In view of various reports of behavioral effects of GnRH in other species, it is particularly noteworthly that parameters of sexual and agonistic behavior of male chimpanzees definitely did not change. PMID- 7004400 TI - Stapled vs sutured colorectal anastomosis. AB - Performance of low, anterior colorectal anastomosis by means of stapled end-to end anastomoses and hand sutures was achieved in 51 patients. Among the 26 stapled anastomoses, leakage and external fistula were observed in two cases, but subsequent surgery has never been necessary. Conversely, hand sutures were associated with external fistula again in two cases, but leakage and peritonitis were observed in two other cases. It is suggested that stapled anastomoses are at least as reliable as sutured, colorectal anastomoses. Moreover, the stapling device enables the surgeon not only to extend the range of anterior resection to lower tumors but also to extend the level of resection below the tumor. PMID- 7004401 TI - Abdominal aortic surgery and horseshoe kidney. AB - Seventy cases, including the six reported here, of aortic operations in patients with horseshoe kidney were reviewed. Anomalous renal arteries were encountered in 42 (60%) of these patients. We concluded that accurate preoperative diagnosis and angiographic delineation of aberrant renal arteries facilitate preservation of renal blood supply. When accessory or anomalous arteries cannot be preserved in situ, they should be reimplanted into the aortic prosthesis. Symphysiotomy may improve operative exposure and when necessary is a safe maneuver. PMID- 7004402 TI - Mutagenic and cell transforming activities of 1-chlor-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) and squaric-acid-dibutylester (SADBE). AB - In the Salmonella/microsome test, DNCB was mutagenic for TA100, TA1538, and TA98, whereas SADBE did not induce mutations in the test system. The ability of the compounds to transform BHK cells being able to reproduce in semi-solid agar was investigated. DNCB induced a dose-dependent increase in transformed cells, SADBE did not show this effect. PMID- 7004404 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of myeloarchitectonics of the fibrillar radial system of the infraparietal area of the human brain]. AB - A complex and in each layer investigation of cyto- and myeloarchitectonics of the fibrillar radial system in fields 40, 39 of the inferioparietal area has been performed in histological preparations of the left and right hemispheres of one mature human brain. In "cellular" preparations the width of cytoarchitectonic layers has been measured, in "fibrillar" preparations in layers 4, 5, 6 the external diameter of the fibrillar fasciculi, that of fibres in the fasciculi have been measured, the number of fasciculi, as well as the number of fibres in the fasciculi have been counted. Each left and right cytoarchtectonic layer has its own degree in changeability of the width. Fibrillar radial system is characterized by a rather high degree of changeability. As to the distribution of the fibrillar radial fasciculi in each layer and that of fibres according to their caliber in the left and right hemispheres, it does not obey any normal law, has rather considerable coefficients of the right-sided asymmetry and, on the whole, great positive meanings of excess. Reliability of interhemispheric differences has been stated according to the caliber of the fasciculi and fibres, as well as the difference between the layers of every hemisphere. The data obtained seem to demonstrate certain differences existing in the rate of impulse transmission for each layer and between the hemispheres. PMID- 7004403 TI - Ultrastructural studies of partially solubilized polyhedral inclusion bodies of a baculovirus infecting Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). AB - Polyhedra were solubilized under mild alkaline conditions and their structure during solubilization was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Some new structural features such as the extent of virion-packing in a polyhedral body and the cavities remaining in polyhedral bodies following the release of the occluded particles are demonstrated. Some other, previously reported features, such as the presence of polyhedral "membrane" and the crystalline array of the soluble polyhedral protein are accentuated at the various stages of solubilization. PMID- 7004405 TI - [Changes in kidney tissue elements after ligation of the lymphatic vessels. Role of disorders of lymph outflow after kidney transplantation]. AB - The effect of sectioning the nephric lymphatic vessels on the functional morphology of its tissue elements has been studied in 125 dogs, providing that the other kidney, is preserved, as well as after contralateral nephrectomy and at autotransplantation. It has been stated that on the first postoperative days, in consequence of lymphostasis, protein resorption from the interstitial connective tissue is impeded. This results in stromal edema and in disturbed liquor transport performed by nephrocytes of the convoluted tubules. Protein retention in the interstilial connective tissue, despite the fact that lymph drainage is restored, produces formation of a slightly expressed diffuse nephric sclerosis with increasing number of collagenous fibrils, thickened basal membranes and accumulation of glycoproteids in them. Sectioning the nephric lymph vessels delays the development of compensatory hypertrophy signs in the nephric cellular elements. Nevertheless, as microcirculatory disturbances subside, hypertrophy and hyperplasy of cells and intracellular structures develop. Comparing dynamics of morphological changes in the autotransplanted kidney with that of a single kidney when its lymphatic vessels are cut, it is possible to conclude that it is the disorder in lymph drainage that causes a slight diffuse sclerosis in the transplanted kidney. PMID- 7004406 TI - [Histogenesis of stomach cancer]. AB - A conclusion on histogenetic unity of various structural variants of carcinoma of the stomach is drawn from the analysis of the data from literature and the own observations referring to light and electron microscopy and histochemistry of precancer alterations of the gastric mucosa and carcinoma of the stomach as well as the clinical pattern and prognosis of carcinoma of the stomach depending on the morphological structure of the tumour. All the variety of morphological and functional properties of tumours depends on the level and direction of differentiation of carcinoma cells. PMID- 7004407 TI - [Morphological methods in evaluating immunity levels in infections diseases]. AB - Examinations of the lymphoid tissue and values of productive inflammation (granulomatosis) are most informative in the assessment of immunity intensity in infectious diseases. Histochemical, enzyme-morphological, immunohistochemical studies done by light and electron microscopy with quantitation of the results (morphometry) determine in great detail the dynamics of immunity, formation of the secondary immunological insufficiency, development of immune response deficiency to a definite bacterial antigen. Currently these methods are used only for solution of particular problems. Algorhythms for the assessment of the structural signs of immunogenesis should be developed for infectious immunomorphology. PMID- 7004409 TI - [Life and activities of G. S. Kulesh (on the 50th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7004410 TI - [Audio signaling of the end of operation of the AT-4 apparatus]. PMID- 7004408 TI - [Ubiquitousness of viruses and the presumption of their innocuousness (the facts and the concept)]. AB - A concept is presented based on the currently available data according to which viruses are a necessary element of nature playing a certain role in the adaptation of organisms to the conditions of existence. The pathology caused by a virus infection, exquisite for the great majority of viruses, is for a number of them a consequence of individual defectness of the immune system of the host, the pathology of the adaptation process. The latter presumes a shift of the therapeutic approach to the primary effect on the immune systems of the host. PMID- 7004411 TI - [Pathological anatomy of thymus gland tumors]. AB - The paper presents detailed morphological characteristics of 31 thymomas and 25 microscopically similar neoplasias of the anterior mediastinum (carcinoid, seminoma, lymphogranulomatosis, angiofollicular lymphoma, etc). The term "thymoma" is determined as a tumour consisting of two components: mandatory epithelial one and lymphocytes. The diversity of the morphological picture of thymomas is determined mainly by the variability of the epithelial component. The special features of the ultrastructural organization of thymomas (the presence of desmosomes, tonofibrils and basal membrane) were revealed which facilitate the differential diagnosis of the anterior mediastinum tumours. PMID- 7004412 TI - [Pressing problems in the study of the pathological anatomy of epithelial thyroid gland tumors]. AB - The paper analyses most important publications and the author's own observations on the pathology of the thyroid gland epithelial tumours. The WHO Histological classification of tumours of the thyroid gland was used for the analysis of the material, although on the basis of his own studies the author concludes that apart from the benign thyroid gland tumours mentioned in the classification, atypical and papillary adenomas, adenoma of Ashkinazi cells and benign tumour consisting of C-cells should be distinguished. In the morphological diagnosis of highly differentiated carcinoma tumours the greatest importance is attributed to the structure of the nucleus of tumour cells the structure of which have been studied both by light and electron microscopy. The latter is also very important for histogenetic diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma and tumours consisting of C-cells. The tumour cells rich in mitochondria in which the activity of oxidative-reductive enzymes is high are considered as cells undergoing degeneration due to cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes. PMID- 7004413 TI - [Pathologicoanatomical characteristics of the most important forms of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas (based on the Kiel classification)]. AB - Owing to the use of the newest methods of research it is now possible to accomplish common designation and characterization of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHML). This is also facilitated by the application of Kiel Classification of these tumours maximally approximating the positions of clinicians and pathologists. The information presented in the paper on the pathology of various forms of NHML with illustrations based on the materials of K. Lennert et al. will help the practicing pathologists in diagnosis of NHML following the modern concepts. PMID- 7004414 TI - Fine structure of cultured human gingival fibroblasts and demonstration of simultaneous synthesis of types I and III collagen. PMID- 7004415 TI - Piggyback contact lenses for reducing postkeratoplasty astigmatism. PMID- 7004417 TI - The dental application of electroformed pure gold. III. An investigation into an alternative ceramic bonding system for base metal alloys. PMID- 7004416 TI - The posterior palatal seal. A review. AB - The posterior palatal seal area is described and its anatomical borders are defined. The methods used to achieve a seal are (1) scraping the cast, (2) a selective loading impression technique, and (3) a physiological impression technique. Each method is described and its problems are discussed. It is believed by the authors that the physiological impression technique using wax requires the least amount of skill and experience to master competently. PMID- 7004418 TI - Buy bullion! AB - A two component system of pure gold and an alloy of silver, copper, palladium and zinc has been shown to have similar mechanical properties to those of Type C casting golds. The system may offer some cost advantages in dental gold alloy restorations. PMID- 7004421 TI - The catabolism of alloantibody IgG2a in normal and homograft tolerant rats. AB - Alloantibody was raised in PVG/c rats against DA rats. The catabolism of alloantibody in normal PVG/c rats and PVG/c rats tolerant to DA rats was followed after intravenous injection. A haemagglutination assay was used to detect alloantibody activity. The half-life time of alloantibody IgG2a in the normal PVG/c rats was 10 days. On the other hand, in the PVG/c rats tolerant to DA rats, the half-life of alloantibody IgG2a varied. The rats could be divided into three groups. Group A: alloantibody IgG2a was eliminated from the circulation very rapidly. Group B: alloantibody IgG2a disappeared from the circulation relatively rapidly and was maintained at a low level in the plasma but then increased to a high titre. This peculiar pattern of Group B seems to be due to the endogenous production of alloantibody. In this case abrogation of tolerance took place. Group C: the pattern of elimination of this group was almost identical to that of normal rats. The biological significance of the plasma decay of alloantibody IgG2a in the normal and homograft tolerant rats has been considered. It is concluded from the present results that alloantibody might be important in some cases for the maintenance of homograft tolerance. PMID- 7004420 TI - Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in post-partum ewes treated with oestradiol-17 beta and failing to show a plasma LH surge. AB - Oestradiol-17 beta (40 micrograms intravenously) failed to elicit a surge in plasma LH levels by 13 h after administration in 64% (16 out of 25) Merino ewes about 30 days post partum in the anoestrous season. LH-RH responsiveness and LH RH priming effect were significantly greater in these ewes than in similar post partum (n = 9) and non-parturient ewes (n = 3) not treated with oestradiol. This suggests that the failure of the oestrogen-positive feedback effect on LH release in post-partum ewes is not due to a failure of oestradiol action on the pituitary increasing pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH and LH-RH priming effect, but could be due to inadequate release of LH-RH from the hypothalamus. PMID- 7004419 TI - Immunological functions of the mammary gland and its secretion--comparative review. AB - The mammary gland performs vitally important immunological roles, both in providing passive immune protection to the suckling infant and in immunological defence of its own tissues against infection with microorganisms. These immunological functions differ greatly between species of mammals in both nature and magnitude. In ungulates the mammary gland is singularly responsible for transfer of immunoglobulin (IgG) from mother to young. This process is dependent on a highly selective mechanism which results in the transport of blood-borne IgG molecules across secretory epithelial cells of the colostrum-forming mammary gland and into secretion. Upon ingestion of colostrum by the young ungulate this immunoglobulin is absorbed across the wall of the small intestine and thence into the bloodstream. In other species, including rodents and primates, there is a well-developed local IgA system operating in the mammary gland. In this situation, plasma cells located near the basal membranes of secretory epithelial cells secrete IgA which passes through the epithelial cells and into colostrum of milk. In the species the IgA in mammary secretions is not absorbed into the circulation of the suckling infant; because of its unique property of resisting proteolytic degradation, it may mediate a local protective role in the lumen of the intestine of the suckling infant. Specific immunological protection of mammary tissue may be mediated through blood-derived antibody (particularly IgG), locally synthesized antibody (particularly IgA) or phagocytic cells. Neutrophils arrive in mammary tissue and secretions in very large numbers following bacterial invasion of the gland. It has been established recently that these cells carry cytophilic antibody on their cell membrane. This cytophilic antibody can play an important functional role in enhancing the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils in the mammary gland. PMID- 7004422 TI - The distribution of group B streptococcal serotypes among isolates obtained in three Australian cities. AB - One hundred and sixty three isolates of group B streptococci from human carrier and disease conditions in Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide were serotyped by the Lancefield capillary precipitin test, coagglutination and microimmunodiffusion. Serotypes I and III were most common; serotype III appeared to occur uniformly but serotype Ia varied in distribution. No significant difference was found in serotype distribution among isolates from pregnant and non-pregnant women, or rectal and vaginal swabs; however, type Ia was found to occur significantly more often as an infectious agent than as a commensal (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7004423 TI - Obituary: Sister M. Alphonsus Daly, M.B.E., F.C.N.A. PMID- 7004427 TI - Early Melbourne eye and ear hospital, and Dr Turnbull's house at 101 (157) Spring Street. AB - A description is given of the development of early charitable eye and ear hospitals in Melbourne, and some of the difficulties that had to be overcome. The infirmary founded in 1863 by Andrew Sexton Gray grew in strength to become The Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. Vicissitudes of accommodation centred around a house at 101 (157) Spring Street, originally built for Dr W. M. Turnbull, an obstetrician. PMID- 7004426 TI - Liver injuries in sydney: a 20-year experience. AB - One hundred and twenty consecutive liver injuries treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital have been studied prospectively. The overall mortality of 17.5% and the mortality for blunt injury of 23% compare quite favourably with figures in other reported series of similar injuries. The surgeon who treats liver injury must have a repertoire of procedures appropriate for different circumstances and must remain flexible in his approach. Simple suture haemostasis and the provision of adequate drainage will cope with most injuries. Debriding resections are safe, allow adequate haemostasis to be achieved, and give reasonably good access to the retrohepatic vena cava and hepatic veins. Formal lobectomy is very rarely indicated. Drainage of the common bile duct is to be avoided, but cholecystostomy has some marginal advantages and appears safe. The problems of retrohepatic vena caval injury and major hepatic vein tears have not all been solved. PMID- 7004429 TI - David Unaipon. PMID- 7004424 TI - Ronald Francis Lowe. PMID- 7004430 TI - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of complications following renal transplantation. PMID- 7004425 TI - Dipivefrin: current concepts. AB - Pro-drugs are agents that require biotransformation prior to exhibiting pharmacologic activity. Dipivefrin (dipivalyl epinephrine or DPE) is an epinephrine pro-drug produced by the addition of two pivalic acid groups to the parent compound. This creates a more lipophilic molecule which penetrates the cornea more readily than epinephrine. Enzymes in ocular tissues convert dipivefrin into its active form, epinephrine. In concentrations approximately one tenth that of epinephrine, topically applied dipivefrin therefore produces: (1) similar intra-ocular concentrations of epinephrine; (2) similar reductions in intra-ocular pressure (IOP); (3) similar degrees of mydriasis; and (4) fewer extraocular and systemic side effects. For reasons that are discussed, dipivefrin should probably not be used in conjunction with anticholinesterases. Dipivefrin offers the same risk of cystoid macular oedema as does epinephrine. Dipivefrin is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated alternative to epinephrine in the treatment of elevated IOP. It is particularly useful for patients who cannot tolerate epinephrine. PMID- 7004431 TI - Observations on competitive exclusion for preventing Salmonella typhimurium infection of broiler chickens. AB - In 3 separate trials, groups of 180-200 one-day-old broiler chicks were treated with a lyophilized extract of breeder flock litter, an anaerobic culture of this extract, and an anaerobic culture of adult chicken feces, respectively. They were placed on litter, exposed at 3 days of age to Salmonella typhimurium placed in the drinking water and reared to 7-8 weeks (market age). Culture of litter samples, and of the intestines of all chicks that died or were killed throughout the growing period, showed that the incidence of infection at market age was significantly lower in treated chickens than in untreated controls. PMID- 7004428 TI - The surgeon as medical practitioner: an historical appreciation of the role of surgery in the corpus medicum. AB - The present-day division between surgery and medicine, and between surgeons and physicians, is examined in its historical context. It is contended that from the earliest times up to the thirteenth century of the Christian era in Western Europe such a division was not recognized, and that the separation which then occurred was based, not in nature, but in clerical, feudal, and humanistic conceits. Five centuries then elapsed, up to the turn of the eighteenth, before surgery was able to regain public recognition as a grave, honourable, and scholarly profession. PMID- 7004432 TI - Dissemination of Salmonella in broiler-chicken operations. AB - Dissemination of Salmonella from hatchery to broiler farm and from broiler farm to processing plant was assessed. Bacteriological examination of fluff and meconium at the hatchery, feed and litter at the farm, and carcass rinsing at the plant level was conducted. When fluff and/or meconium were contaminated with Salmonella, litter and carcasses were contaminated with the same serotypes. Properly pelleted feed does not seem to be an important source of infection. Stress (feed and water deprivation) and some effect on shedding of Salmonella. Fluff and meconium at hatchery, feces from 3-to-7-day-old chicks, and litter at 3 and 6 weeks can be used as an indicator of flock infection and thus carcass contamination. PMID- 7004433 TI - Experimental botulism in Pekin ducks. AB - Clostridium botulinum types B, C, and E were found to produce toxin in killed Pekin ducks after oral administration of spores to the live birds. The highest toxin production was found when the ducks were killed within 40 minutes after the administration of the spores. If the ducks were killed after 4 hours, only small amounts of toxin or no toxin at all was found. Pekin ducks were sensitive to botulinum toxin type C-L after oral administration, the LD50 being 9.6 X 10(4) intraperitoneal mouse LD50. Toxin types B-L, B-M, C-M, and E failed to produce symptoms of botulism. The intravenous LD50 for types B-L, B-M, C-L, and E were respectively 1.5 X 10(4), 1.6 X 10(4), 3.0 X 10(2), and 2.5 X 10(6) intraperitoneal mouse LD50. Although the results clearly showed that ducks are orally not sensitive for botulinum toxin types B and E, multiplication and toxin production of C. botulinum types B and E in dead ducks is possible. Therefore, such carcasses can be vectors in cycles of these types in the environment. PMID- 7004434 TI - Further evidence for syncytiotrophoblastic localization of beta 1-SP1 glycoprotein. AB - We have tried to localize beta 1 SP1-glycoprotein in placental tissue through an indirect immunofluorescence procedure. Some of the syncytiotrophoblastic cells were selectively immunostained. Specificity test supported the conclusion that beta 1 SP1-glycoprotein is stored in such cells. PMID- 7004435 TI - [Experiences with the E. coli vaccines ECOPIG and PORCOVAC]. PMID- 7004436 TI - [Comparative studies on the culture and serological fluorescence detection of treponema hyodysenteriae]. PMID- 7004437 TI - Naturally occurring toxicants in food. PMID- 7004438 TI - Hydroxyurea-resistant mouse L cells with elevated levels of drug-resistant ribonucleotide reductase activity. AB - We describe the isolation and partial characterization of a mouse L-cell line which is resistant to normally highly cytotoxic concentrations of hydroxyurea. A detailed analysis of the target enzyme ribonucleotide reductase in both wild-type and hydroxyurea-resistant enzyme preparations suggests that the drug-resistant cells form a ribonucleotide reductase enzyme which contains a structural alteration, rendering it less sensitive to inhibition by hydroxyurea. K1 values for hydroxyurea inhibition of ribonucleotide reduction in enzyme preparations from hydroxyurea-resistant cells were significantly higher than corresponding values from preparations from wild-type cells. The Km for CDP reduction in enzyme preparations of drug-resistant cells was approximately threefold higher than the corresponding parental wild-type value. In addition, in vivo enzyme assays detected a major difference between the temperature profiles of ribonucleotide reduction in nucleotide-permeable drug-resistant and wild-type cells. When levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity were measured in vivo, it was found that the drug-resistant cells contained approximately 3 times the wild-type level of CDP reductase activity and twice wild-type level of GDP reductase activity. This combination of enhanced enzyme levels plus an altered sensitivity to drug inhibition can easily account for the drug-resistance phenotype. The properties of these hydroxyurea-resistant cells indicate that they will be useful for genetic and biochemical studies. PMID- 7004439 TI - Proteolysis of isolated mitochondria by myocardial lysosomal enzymes. AB - 1. Solubilized mitochondria and lysosomal fractions were obtained from guinea-pig heart by differential centrifugation and selective membrane disruption. 2. Mitochondria incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of lysosomal enzymes underwent proteolysis. The rate of protein degradation was inversely dependent on pH. 3. The use of proteinase inhibitors showed that at low pH the major enzyme involved in mitochondrial digestion was cathepsin D. 4. At neutral pH carboxyl proteinases were still active, but thiol proteinases accounted for most of the protein breakdown. 5. The role of lysosomal enzymes as mediators of mitochondrial damage in ischaemic myocardium is discussed. PMID- 7004441 TI - Some properties of peptidasic activity bound to the anterior pituitary membranes. PMID- 7004440 TI - Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Occurrence of non-functioning components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of proteinase inhibitors: evidence for proteolytic control over assembly of the respiratory chain. AB - Yeast was grown in glucose- or galactose-containing media without or with proteinase inhibitors, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and pepstatin. Culture growth was practically not affected by these compounds. Yeast growth on glucose in the presence of either phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride or pepstatin entails accumulation of cytochromes c, c1, b and aa3 to a 25--30% excess above the control by the stationary phase, while cell respiration is unaffected. During growth on galactose the maximal cytochrome content (per unit weight of biomass) is reached in the mid-exponential phase and then decreases by 30--40% towards the stationary phase, while cell respiration remains constant. Addition of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride or pepstatin in the mid-exponential phase blocks the decrease in cytochrome levels and has no effect on cell respiration. Mitochondrial populations isolated from stationary-phase control and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride-grown cells glucose cultures display identical succinate oxidase and partial-respiratory-chain activities, despite the differences in cytochrome contents. However, the activities of individual respiratory complexes measured after maximal activation are nearly proportional to the amounts of corresponding components. The same situation holds true for mitochondrial populations from mid-exponential-phase, stationary-phase control and stationary-phase inhibitor-grown cells of galactose cultures. The findings suggest that the 'surplus' respiratory-chain components do not participate in electron flow because of the lack of interaction with adjacent carriers. PMID- 7004442 TI - Genomic fragments of turnip yellow mosaic virus: appearance during infection. PMID- 7004443 TI - Characterization of insulin receptor subunits in brain and other tissues by photoaffinity labeling. PMID- 7004444 TI - Rational design of enkephalinase inhibitors: substrate specificity of enkephalinase studied from inhibitory potency of various dipeptides. PMID- 7004445 TI - Effects of castration and testosterone administration on rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7004447 TI - Loss and grief: implications for the speech-language pathologist and audiologist. PMID- 7004446 TI - Immunization of patients with Sjogren's syndrome with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a randomized trial. AB - Thirty-two patients with Sjogren's syndrome were randomly selected to receive either multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or saline placebo in a double-blind study. Among placebo treated patients, levels of antipneumococcal antibodies remained constant. Immunized patients developed significant elevations of antibody concentrations against all 12 capsular serotypes measured. Levels fell, but persisted above baseline, for 8 of the serotypes 6 months after immunization. During the 6-month study no clinical or serologic evidence of disease exacerbation occurred in either group. We conclude that pneumococcal vaccine can be safely and successfully administered to patients with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7004448 TI - Communication services in home health care agencies: availability and scope. PMID- 7004449 TI - Issues in ethics. PMID- 7004450 TI - Conduct of the due process hearing. PMID- 7004451 TI - PL 94-142 due process decisions. PMID- 7004452 TI - Competency and commitment. PMID- 7004453 TI - ASHA recognizes needs of older persons. PMID- 7004454 TI - Gerontologic training in communication disorders. PMID- 7004455 TI - Requirements for the certificates of clinical competence. PMID- 7004456 TI - Changes in the expression and polarization of blood group I and i antigens in post-implantation embryos and teratocarcinomas of mouse associated with cell differentiation. PMID- 7004457 TI - Interspecific fusion of sea urchin eggs. Surface events and cytoplasmic mixing. PMID- 7004459 TI - [Various causes of failure in treatment with partial removable denture]. PMID- 7004460 TI - [Hepatic clearance of Escherichia coli during chronic alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The effects of chronic ethanolic intoxication on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable Escherichia coli were examined using be in vitro perfused at liver system. Livers were isolated from control and ethanol treated animals (3 week) and perfused with a red cell-free medium containing 4% homologous serum from control rats. After addition of E. coli (2 X 10(7) cell/ml) to the perfusing medium hepatic clearance of bacteria was measured by determining the recovery of viable cells in the perfusate, liver and bile after 30 min experimental time. Livers from ethanol treated animal showed a slightly lower phagocytic activity respect control animals, but were not able to kill phagocytized bacteria (20% intraphagocytic killing occurred in control livers). Our date suggest that the higher susceptibility toward infections with gram negative bacteria during chronic ethanol intoxication might be mediated by a impairment of functional activity of hepatic macrophages which may be independent of changes in serum opsonins. PMID- 7004458 TI - Induction of mouse erythroleukemia cells by microinjection of inducing compound. PMID- 7004461 TI - Induction of an ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme by diaminopropane in chicken kidney and intestinal mucosa. AB - Administration of diaminopropane to chickens, injected with insulin in order to induce ornithine decarboxylase, prevents the increase of the decarboxylase activity in kidney and in the intestinal mucosa, not in the heart, In the first two tissues, not in the last one, an ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme is detected. The ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme appears therefore to be involved in vivo in the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7004462 TI - [Insulin receptors in the HL60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells line]. AB - The insulin binding characteristics of human promyelocitic HL60 cell line was studied by the use pf I(125) insulin. The binding activity was found to increase linearily both with the number of cells and with the incubation time. The competition curve with increasing concentration of unlabeled insulin demonstrated of specific receptors. The number of receptors was estimated to be 6.36 . 10(6) per cell. PMID- 7004463 TI - [Decrease of insulin binding to human acute leukemic cells during chemically induced differentiation]. AB - The specific insulin binding activity of human promyelocitic HL 60 cell line during the myeloid and macrophagic differentiation induced by chemical compounds was investigated. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and retinoic acid myeloid induced differentiation in HHL 60 cells was accompanied by a marked decrease of insulin receptors. In K 562 cell line, where DMS O has no effect on differentiation, the number of insulin receptors was only slightly affected. 12-0-tetradodecanoil phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induced macrophagic differentiation of HL 60 cell line was also accompanied by a decrease of insulin binding activity. Our results support the hypothesis that during the process of terminal differentiation a decrease of insulin receptors occurs. PMID- 7004464 TI - [Saralasin in subjects with low renin arterial hypertension]. AB - The Authors have studied, in a group of hypertensive subjects with low renin, the behavior of arterial blood pressure, PRA, plasma aldosterone, plasma K and Na, after intravenous load of Saralasin before and after treatment with Furosmide (40 mg orally given for 4 days). In such conditions we evidenced an agonist effect of Saralasin mainly on plasma aldosterone and less on arterial pressure. The Authors conclude that Saralasin, in given conditions (free receptor sites), can exhibit on agonist effect on aldosterone secretion; such agonist effect can be augmented by dopaminergic deficit, that sometimes in present is essential arterial hypertension. PMID- 7004467 TI - [Mutagenicity of alkylnitrites in the Salmonella test]. AB - It has been shown that five alkylnitrites are mutagens by the Salmonella/microsome assay. n-Propyl-, n-butyl, iso-butyl and amyl-nitrite are direct mutagens on TA 1535; sec-butyl-nitrite is mutagen on TA 1535 only following metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver homogenate. Because of the known correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, we believe that amyl-nitrite and iso-butyl-nitrite, which are used as human drugs, should be tested for carcinogenicity in animals; in the meanwhile, their use should be allowed only in emergencies. PMID- 7004466 TI - [Function of the gastro-epiploic nerve in the rabbit]. AB - Four rabbits have been given 0,2 U/Kg insulin intravenous injection, thus inducing a vagal stimulation. Having been sponged a Congo Red solution onto the mucosa, via a gastrotomy incision, we could see an acid secretion by the colour change when the right gastroepiploic vessels were cut together with the nerves along side them, the colour change appeared in a large area of gastric fundus and corpus, but not in a small area near the greater curvature. These experiments let us consider the nervous filaments along side the right gastroepiploic vessels in the rabbit as secretory fibers of probable vagal nature. PMID- 7004468 TI - [Distribution of the O-groups of E. coli strains isolated from urinary infections in Sardinia]. AB - We refer to the results of the serological identification of E.Coli strains from urinary tract infections and from faeces of healthy subjects in Sardinia. The serological groups more frequently found in urinary tract infections (06, 018, 075) of our geographical region one similar to those of other authors. The fact that some of the 0-groups (02, 018, 075, 04) which occurred more frequently in urinary tract infections are also the most prevalent among faecal strains, supports the theory of prevalence; the presence of 0-groups (06, 01, 011, 09) in urinary infections alone does not leave out a specific disposition towards growth in the urinary tract of the same strains. PMID- 7004470 TI - Beta-adrenergic blockade and the metabolic response to surgery. AB - The effect of the administration of propranolol 0.15 mg per kg body weight i.v. on the metabolic response to pelvic surgery was compared with results in similar patients who had not received propranolol. The only significant difference between the two groups was a lower plasma insulin concentration in the beta blockade patients after 60 and 90 min of surgery. The glycaemic response to surgery was unimpaired in the propranolol-treated patients and there were no adverse haemodynamic effects. We conclude that beta-adrenergic blockage is unlikely to have deleterious metabolic effects on healthy patients. PMID- 7004469 TI - Caries prevention by dentifrices containing a combination of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride. Report of a 3-year clinical trial. PMID- 7004471 TI - Postoperative effects of methylphenidate. AB - A double-blind study is described in which the analgesic and analeptic properties of methylphenidate were investigated in 63 patients following surgery. No effect of methylphenidate on postoperative pain was observed. However, methylphenidate reduced sedation up to 30 min after operation, and improved respiratory function up to 180 min in patients receiving halothane. No conclusive evidence of improvement in mood was obtained, and occasional undesirable behavioural effects of methylphenidate were seen. PMID- 7004472 TI - Sleep studies in clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7004473 TI - Effect of tienilic acid and amiloride in healthy volunteers and in hypertensives with normal renal function. PMID- 7004465 TI - [Effect of unilateral right hemisphere lesions upon recognition of faces tachistoscopically presented to the left hemisphere]. AB - Normal subjects recognize a tachistoscopically presented face faster when it is flashed to the left visual field (right hemisphere) than when it is presented to the right visual field (left hemisphere). In order to assess the capacity of the left hemisphere in processing physiognomical material, a comparison was done between the choice-reaction times of a group of normals and of a group of right brain-damaged patients, to face photographs tachistoscopically projected to the right visual filed (left hemisphere). All subjects were right-handed adult males. In the brain damaged group it took almost as twice as the time taken in the controls for the left hemisphere to perform the task, even when unspecific factors, lengthening the reaction times, were excluded. These results are interpreted as favouring the hypothesis of an "absolute" right hemisphere dominance for recognizing faces, suggesting that in normal conditions a face projected to the left hemisphere is analyzed either exclusively by the right hemisphere or with a preponderant cooperation of it after the transfer of information across commissural pathways. PMID- 7004474 TI - Indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of oral and rectal dosing. AB - 1 Indomethacin 100 mg nightly for 1 week has been administered to 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis by both oral and rectal routes in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. 2 Clinical assessments were performed at 09.00 and 14.00 h on the last 3 days of each active treatment period and compared to the results on the last 2 days of the placebo control period. 3 Indomethacin produced significant improvements in the clinical assessments at both 09.00 and 14.00 h compared to placebo but not differences were seen between the two routes of administration. 4 No significant difference was seen in the side effects experienced in the two periods. 5 The mean (+/- s.e. mean) plasma indomethacin concentration at 09.00 h in the oral period was 200.3 +/- 27.4 ng/ml, not significantly different from that in the suppository period (220.0 +/- 28.9 ng/ml). 6 Indomethacin 100 mg nightly by mouth is as effective as a 100 mg suppository and easier to administer. PMID- 7004475 TI - Restoration by ketoprofen of defective neutrophil granulocyte migration induced in guinea-pigs by plasma from cancer patients. AB - The infiltration by inflammatory cells of dacron mesh tissue containing live BCG, implanted under the skin of male and female guinea-pigs treated with normal control and cancer patients' plasmas, was investigated. These cells migrated from the blood vessels to the peri-implant region under the influence of local chemotactic mechanisms generated by the bacilli. Animals given normal or cancer patients' plasmas were unable to produce normal levels of cellular infiltration. This was more markedly reduced with plasma from patients with malignant disease. Cell counts in treated animals have shown significant reduction in while-cell counts but the more marked effect was seen on the polymorphonuclear neutrophil level. Ketoprofen restored normal infiltration responses to animals simultaneously given plasma from cancer patients. These observations further underline the importance of prostaglandins in both inflammation and malignant disease. PMID- 7004478 TI - Double-masked cross-over comparison of Ganda 1.02 (guanethidine 1% and adrenaline 0.2% mixture) with gutt. adrenaline 1% (Simplene 1%) and with pilocarpine 1% (Sno Pilo 1%). AB - A trial of the efficacy of low-concentration nonmiotic therapy was carried out, the aim being to minimise the side effects produced by 1% adrenaline or pilocarpine. A total of 77 eyes with open-angle glaucoma were studied in both parts of the trial. Thirty-nine eyes had a base-line pressure of over 28 mmHg and 28 eyes a pressure of 30 mmHg or over. In the comparison between Ganda 1.02 and adrenaline 1% (Simplene) the mean lowering of intraocular pressure was 8.6 mmHg with Ganda and 7.69 mmHg with Simplene. In the comparison between Ganda 1.02 and pilocarpine 1% (Sno-Pilo) the mean decrease was 6.34 mmHg with Ganda and 6.13 mmHg with Sno-Pilo. The resulting falls in intraocular pressure were highly significant statistically, but the differences between the effects of the 3 drugs were not significant. No significant side effects were reported with Ganda 1.02, and in particular no ptosis or superficial punctate staining of the cornea was noted. PMID- 7004476 TI - Epoxides--is there a human health problem? AB - The purpose of this review is to consider whether epoxides represent a hazard to human health. Possible means of occupational and non-occupational exposure are discussed with reference to the production and uses of industrially important compounds and other epoxides, such as naturally occurring plant and fungal products. In addition to epoxides themselves, unsaturated compounds that may be metabolised in vivo to epoxides are included, since this appears to be a further important means of exposure. The toxicology, in particular carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, is discussed, along with a brief outline of the biochemistry such as metabolism, binding to cell constituents, and DNA repair mechanisms. The question of interactions between different epoxides in vivo is also raised. PMID- 7004477 TI - Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles. AB - The relation between the concentrations and characteristics of air contaminants in the work place and the resultant toxic doses and potential hazards after their inhalation depends greatly on their patterns of deposition and the rates and pathways for their clearance from the deposition sites. The distribution of the deposition sites of inhaled particles is strongly dependent on their aerodynamic diameters. For normal man, inhaled non-hygroscopic particles greater than or equal to 2 micrometers that deposit in the conducting airways by impaction are concentrated on to a small fraction of the surface. Cigarette smoking and bronchitis produce a proximal shift in the deposition pattern. The major factor affecting the deposition of smaller particles is their transfer from tidal to reserve air. For particles soluble in respiratory tract fluid, systemic uptake may be relatively complete for all deposition patterns, and there may be local toxic or irritant effects or both. On the other hand, slowly soluble particles depositing in the conducting airways are carried on the surface to the glottis and are swallowed within one day. Mucociliary transport rates are highly variable, both along the ciliated airways of a given individual and between individuals. The changes in clearance rates produced by drugs, cigarette smoke, and other environmental pollutants can greatly increase or decrease these rates. Particles deposited in non-ciliated airways have large surface-to-volume ratios, and clearance by dissolution can occur for materials generally considered insoluble. They may also be cleared as free particles either by passive transport along surface liquids or, after phagocytosis, by transport within alveolar macrophages. If the particles penetrate the epithelium, either bare or within macrophages, they may be sequestered within cells or enter the lymphatic circulation and be carried to pleural, hilar, and more distant lymph nodes. Non toxic insoluble particles are cleared from the alveolar region in a series of temporal phases. The earliest, lasting several weeks, appears to include the clearance of phagocytosed particles via the bronchial tree. The terminal phases appear to be related to solubility at interstitial sites. While the mechanisms and dynamics of particle deposition and clearance are reasonably well established in broad outline, reliable quantitative data are lacking in many specific areas. More information is needed on: (1) normal behaviour, (2) the extent of the reserve capacity of the system to cope with occupational exposures, and (3) the role of compensatory changes in airway sizes and in secretory and transport rates in providing protection against occupational exposures, and in relation to the development and progression of dysfunction and disease. PMID- 7004481 TI - Frames of reference for the measurement of occlusal change and the integration of data from orthodontic models and cephalometric radiographs. PMID- 7004482 TI - Yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase: sulfate and substrate binding, their effect on the conformational state of the enzyme. AB - Anions and particularly sulfate are known to interact with 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and to induce an increase of its catalytic efficiency. The present work affords information on the location of the anionic site and on the conformational change produced by the sulfate binding. We have established that sulfate is able, first, to modify the environment of some critical amino acids (cysteine and arginines) located in the N-terminal half of the protein, second, to induce perturbation of aromatic residues as judged by spectrophotometry, and, third, to slightly decrease the magnitude of the Cotton effect at 233 nm. All these modifications are produced by sulfate concentrations required for the activation of the enzyme. The most striking result consists in a large change in the hydrodynamic properties of the protein upon sulfate interaction as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation studies. Thus, sulfate modifies the shape of the molecular, causing it to become more compact. Furthermore, a study of the binary and ternary complexes between yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and its substrates suggests that such a change of the shape of the molecular only occurs in sulfate enzyme with or without substrates and in ATP (with or without Mg2+)-3 phosphoglycerate-enzyme complexes. PMID- 7004480 TI - An investigation into some of the factors concerned in the surgical removal of the impacted lower wisdom tooth, including a double blind trial of chymoral. AB - During the surgical extraction of 102 impacted lower wisdom teeth the following factors were studied: the amount of trauma applied during tooth removal; the duration of the operation; post-operative swelling; post-operative trismus; sex differences; the relationship between swelling and trismus; the pattern of development and subsidence of swelling and trismus. This study was combined with a clinical 'double-blind' trial of the drug Chymoral. PMID- 7004479 TI - Interaction of timolol and adrenaline. AB - In a prospective double-blind randomised trial the interaction of timolol and adrenaline was studied in 20 patients with open-angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma. After pretreatment for at least 2 weeks with timolol eyedrops adrenaline was added in a double-blind manner, and the intraocular pressure was recorded during 4 days. The study showed a significantly additive hypotensive effect of adrenaline, which was more pronounced in patients with exfoliative glaucoma. PMID- 7004483 TI - Circular dichroism and fluorescence-detected circular dichroism of deoxyribonucleic acid and poly[d(A-C).d(G-T)] in ethanolic solutions: a new method for estimating circular intensity differential scattering. AB - A method is presented for determining the circular dichroism (CD) of systems whose CD spectra contain contributions from CD differential scattering. The technique is shown to detect light over 4 pi steradians, and thus, for the first time, a complete correction for scattering is possible. The method is applied to ethanol-condensed DNA and poly[d(A-C).d(G-T)]. From the results obtained, the former are proposed to have an A-type secondary structure. The condensed polynucleotide particles are shown to exhibit behavior similar to that of cholesteric liquid crystals. CD difference spectra, obtained from the scattering corrections and showing the contributions to different sections of the scattering envelope, are displayed. It is asserted that these scattering patterns contain information about the tertiary structure of the condensed DNA particles studied. PMID- 7004484 TI - Contribution of light scattering to the circular dichroism of deoxyribonucleic acid films, deoxyribonucleic acid-polylysine complexes, and deoxyribonucleic acid particles in ethanolic buffers. AB - The contribution of scattering to the circular dichroism (CD) of DNA films with twisted structures, DNA-polylysine complexes, and condensed DNA aggregates in ethanolic buffers of defined salt concentrations has been studied by the use of novel measuring techniques. These techniques include fluorscat cuvettes, fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) methods, backscattering capturing devices, and beam-mounted goniometer detectors. The result of the experimental measurement is that DNA films can be made which have very large ellipticities or CD at sharp specific wavelengths. The sign of these ellipticities is related to the handedness of the twists, with a right-handed twist producing large positive rotations and a left-handed one producing negative rotations. The film show nodal angles at which the interaction with light is minimal. The scattering patterns of both films, DNA-polylysine particles and DNA-EtOH condensates, show that the main interaction is light scattering produced by a resonance phenomenon similar to that produced in cholesteric liquid crystals and twisted-nematic liquid crystals. From this result we propose that the so-called psi-type CD spectrum is a manifestation of a side-by-side packing of DNA molecules with a long-range twisting order whose helical parameters match the helical parameter of circularly polarized light at specific resonance or critical wavelengths. Application of the Bragg law for cholesteric liquid crystals gives the periodicity of the long-range ordered structures. PMID- 7004485 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of inhibition of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase by permanganate ion. PMID- 7004486 TI - Catalytic mechanism of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10. Effect of pH and chemical modification. PMID- 7004487 TI - Melting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5S ribonucleic acid: ultraviolet absorption, circular dichroism, and 360-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The heat-induced melting of yeast 5S RNA and tRNAPhe has been monitored by UV, CD, and 360-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy in order to determine the extent of base stacking and base pairing in the native and denatured structures. In the presence of Mg2+, the optical data indicate less than or equal to 40 base pairs in native yeast 5S RNA, a 60:40 ratio of GC to AU base pairs, with more single-stranded stacking and a slightly less stable structure (half-melted at 67 degrees C) than for tRNAPhe (half-melted at 71 degrees C). In the absence of Mg2+, the NMR results identify a minimum of approximately 32 base pairs at 25 degrees C (increasing to a minimum of approximately 35 base pairs in the presence of Mg2+), of which more than half are still intact at 48 degrees C. The native structure (25 degrees C) shows only minor dependence upon Mg2+ concentration, and no denatured forms could be detected. Finally, the present results support a previously proposed cloverleaf secondary structure for eukaryotic 5S RNA. PMID- 7004488 TI - Studies on the damage to Escherichia coli cell membrane caused by different rates of freeze-thawing. AB - Freeze-thawing of Escherichia coli cells caused a release of cell membrane components such as protein, phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. A greater amount of release and a lesser extent of cell survival were seen in slow freeze thawing than in rapid freeze-thawing. Several dehydrogenases in the cells were also freed. The mode of release was also dependent on the rate of freeze-thawing. The materials released by slow freeze-thawing were found to be mostly composed of outer membrane components, whereas the materials released by rapid freeze-thawing contained cytoplasmic as well as outer membrane components. The chemical composition of these fragments differed significantly from that of the original membranes. The relative content of cytoplasmic membrane-bound enzymes in these fragments also differed from that of the cytoplasmic membrane. The fragmentation was assumed to have resulted mainly from the crystallization of external water. In slow fraeeze-thawing, it was considered that the phase separation of the membrane phospholipid bilayer increased the possibility of outer membrane fragmentation. Rapid freeze-thawing caused cytoplasmic membrane damage to the cells as well as to the outer membrane. In rapid freeze-thawing, the effect of phase separation appeared to be small because of rapid passage through the transition temperatures. The presence of 10% glycerol completely inhibited the release of cellular materials and enzymes. Cell survival was maintained at a high level in the glycerol-treated samples whether freeze-thawed slowly or rapidly. PMID- 7004489 TI - Subunit interactions in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. Their involvement in nucleotide binding and cooperativity. AB - 1. The hybridization of rabbit muscle and yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) was used to study the involvement of subunit interactions in NAD+ and NADH binding by these enzymes. 2. In the presence of 1 mM NAD+ or NADH no hybrid formation was observed with our preparations of the two enzymes. 3. The inhibition by NADH of the hybrid formation is shown to be a consequence of an unfavourable equilibrium of the hybridization process in the presence of NADH. 4. The inhibition by NAD+ of the hybrid formation is shown to be a consequence of both a shift in the equilibrium, as in the case of NADH, and a decrease in the rate of the dissociation of the enzymes. 5. The dimer of the yeast enzyme binds NAD+ or NADH with equal affinity irrespective of whether it is combined with another yeast dimer in the yeast tetramer or with a rabbit muscle dimer in the hybrid. 6. The binding of NAD+ and NADH to the dimer of the rabbit muscle enzyme is stronger in the rabbit muscle tetramer than in the hybrid; this explains the shift in the equilibrium of the hybridization process caused by these nucleotides. 7. Alkylation of the rabbit muscle enzyme with iodoacetate does not influence the hydridization process in the absence of nucleotides. 8. After alkylation of the rabbit muscle enzyme NADH cannot cause a large shift in the equilibrium of the hybridization process. 9. In accordance with this it was found that the binding of NADH (and NAD+) to the rabbit muscle enzyme is weakened by alkylation, whereas the binding of NADH to the alkylated rabbit muscle subunits is not affected strongly by the hydridization. 10. An attempt is made to combine the effects of nucleotides on the hybridization properties of the yeast enzyme and the alkylated or unalkylated rabbit muscle enzymes with the binding properties of all tetrameric species involved in the hybridization processes in a thermodynamic description of nucleotide binding and subunit interactions. PMID- 7004490 TI - Study of subunit interactions in immobilized D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Under conditions which cause dissociation of soluble tetrameric glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) into inactive dimers, immobilized apoenzymes from yeast and rat skeletal muscle coupled to CnBr-activated Sepharose via one subunit retain 50% of matrix-bound protein with unaltered specific activity. The solubilized dissociated species are inactive. Two molecules of NAD+ (NADH) firmly bound to the immobilized rat muscle tetramer can prevent the dissociation. Immobilized dimer was demonstrated to bind one molecule of coenzyme with high affinity. Using various combinations of immobilized and soluble rat muscle and yeast dimers, we succeeded in reconstituting tetramers, containing one molecule of NAD+ bound either to a matrix-linked or to a non-covalently bound dimer. In the latter case, the dissociation of the tetramer was completely prevented. This suggests that the binding of a single coenzyme molecule is sufficient to stabilize the interdimeric contacts provided the neighbouring dimer is stabilized independently. Such stabilization is produced by the covalent binding of one of the subunits comprising the dimer to the matrix. The structure of the dimer as a whole becomes resistant to the action of the dissociating agent. The effect appears to be cooperative and similar to that of NAD+ or NADH. The dissociation of the immobilized tetramer is, most likely, the result of conformational changes, affecting the structure of the non-covalently bound dimer. Any factor, capable of preventing these changes, would stabilize the interdimeric contacts. The latter conclusion is substantiated by the effect of specific antibodies, which prevent the dissociation of the immobilized tetramer by forming a complex with the dimer, non-covalently bound to the matrix. The evidence obtained in the present investigation supports the conclusion that the isolated dimer of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase represents a relatively independent structural and functional 'unit' of the enzyme. It can be stabilized in a catalytically active form by interactions other than those involved in inter dimeric contacts in the tetramer. The kinetics of the association of immobilized and soluble dimers have been studied. Association rate constants were determined for homologous (yeast-yeast, rat-rat) and heterologous (yeast-rat, yeast-rabbit) dimer combinations. The binding of one molecule of specific antibody to the immobilized dimer was shown to increase the rate constant of association. PMID- 7004491 TI - Separation and characterization of NAD- and NADP-specific succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K-12 3300. AB - Two distinct proteins endowed with succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (succinate-semialdehyde:NAD(P)+oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.16) activity were separated and partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation or Sephadex G 200 gel-filtration or both. They differ by coenzyme specificity (NAD or NADP), molecular weight, temperature and pH resistance, pH-activity curves, beta mercaptoethanol activation. Moreover, the NADP-specific enzyme catalyzes only the oxidation of succinate-semialdehyde among a number of aldehydes tested, whereas the NAD-specific form is active also towards n-butyraldehyde. The Km for the substrate is also appreciably different according to the coenzyme specificity, while the Km values for NAD and NADP are quite similar. Finally, the growth of the cells on gamma-aminobutyrate as the sole source of nitrogen resulted in enhanced level of the NAD-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, with concurrent decrease of the alternate enzyme activity. On the basis of the above results, distinct metabolic roles are suggested for the two enzymes forms. PMID- 7004492 TI - delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from Baker's yeast. Purification, properties and its application in the assays of L-delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and L-ornithine in tissue. AB - delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2) from Baker's yeast has been purified and characterized. Purification to an apparently homogenous protein was effected by using 'reagent-grade' water containing dithiothreitol and by maintaining a constant pH 7.5, because of the instability of the enzyme protein. The enzyme was purified approximately 200-fold from the crude extract of baker's yeast, and it is a negatively-charged protein with a molecular weight of 125 000, containing an active SH group which participates in binding with NAD(P)H. The Km value for DL-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is 0.8 x 10(-4) M; for NADH, it is 4.8 x 10(-5) M; and for NADPH, it is 5.6 x 10( 5) M. These Km values are much smaller than those of enzymes from other sources. The purified enzyme is free of contaminating enzymes which might interfere with its use in assays. The enzyme has been applied successfully to the assays of L delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and L-ornithine in tissue, and in vivo levels of these amino acids in rat liver are reported. PMID- 7004493 TI - alpha-Isopropylmalate synthase from yeast. A zinc metalloenzyme. AB - Highly purified alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (3-hydroxy-4-methyl-3 carboxyvalerate 2-oxo-3-methylbutyrate-lysase (coA-acetylating), EC 4.1.3.12) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inactivated by various chelating agents. Atomic absorption spectrometry indicates that the enzyme contains approx. four gatoms of zinc per dimer of molecular weight of 130 000. Dialysis against ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at an initial concentration of 0.1 mM reduces the zinc content to about two gatoms of zinc per dimer. While such enzyme remains active, it has altered kinetic properties and is stimulated by Mn2+, in contrast to untreated enzyme. Dialysis against ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at an initial concentration of 50 mM reduces the zinc content by more than 80% and causes almost complete loss of enzymatic activity. Activity can be restored by the addition of Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, or Cd2+. PMID- 7004494 TI - Stringent control and protein synthesis in bacteria. AB - Most bacteria have evolved a number of regulatory mechanisms which allow them to maintain a balanced and rather constant cellular composition in response to nutritional variations. In particular, when the availability of any aminoacyl tRNA species becomes limiting (namely through amino acid starvation or inactivation of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase), several biochemically distinct physiological processes are significantly modified. This coordinate adjustment of cellular activity is termed the "stringent response". Under such conditions of aminoacyl-tRNA limitation, protein synthesis still proceeds, but various quantitative as well as qualitative changes in polypeptide metabolism can be observed. In this review, after a brief recall of the main characteristics of the stringent response, several aspects concerning protein synthesis in deprived bacteria have been presented. First, the rates of residual protein formation, peptide chain growth and protein degradation, and the molecular weight distribution of proteins newly synthesized have been analyzed. Then, the data relative to the biosynthetic regulation of non-ribosomal and ribosomal proteins have been summarized and compared to the results obtained from in vitro experiments using transcription-translation coupled systems. Finally, the problem of translational fidelity during deprivation has been discussed in connection with the metabolic behavior of polysomal structures which are still maintained in cells. The stringent dependence of cellular activity on aminoacyl-tRNA supply is known to be abolished by single-site mutations which confer to bacteria a phenotype referred to as "relaxed". These mutant strains provide an useful analytical tool in the scope of understanding the stringency phenomenon. Therefore, their proteosynthetic activity under aminoacyl-tRNA deprivation has also been studied here, in comparison to that of normal wild-type strains. PMID- 7004497 TI - Experimental transformation of right gonads of female fowl in to fertile testes. PMID- 7004495 TI - Thermodynamic studies of binding proteins: effects of temperature variations on substrate binding and conformation of the leucine-isoleucine-valine binding protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The behaviour of the Leucine isoleucine Valine binding protein of Escherichia coli as a function of temperature has been examined. Substrate binding measurements showed a temperature dependence of the leucine-isoleucine-valine binding protein leucine complex formation constants. The protein-substrate complex was completely dissociated beyond 70 degrees C. In the range 5-65 degrees C the protein remained active but Van't Hoff's plots indicated changes of the reaction thermodynamic parameters. Large negative delta Cp values (--2.25 kJ mole 1 K-1 between 5 and 40 degrees C and--9.40 above 40 degrees C) indicate important substrate induced modifications of the protein conformation. Scanning calorimetry of the leucine isoleucine valine binding protein before and after addition of leucine was also performed. Two thermal events were recorded when the protein was substratefree and only one, at a higher temperature and more important, when the substrate was added. The results of these two approaches were in agreement in that both methods suggested a binding dependent conformational change of the protein which resulted in a greater stability of its structure. PMID- 7004498 TI - Evaluation of the purity of boar sperm plasma membranes prepared by nitrogen cavitation. PMID- 7004499 TI - Blastocyst implantation in the rat and the immunohistochemical distribution and rate of synthesis of uterine lysosomal cathepsin D. PMID- 7004496 TI - Effects of endotoxin from different bacteria on ovum transport in rabbits. PMID- 7004501 TI - [Determination of glucose - a state of the art report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004502 TI - [Application of ceramics in spare parts surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004504 TI - [Energy sources for long-term implantable devices (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004503 TI - [Alloplastic materials for heart valve prostheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004506 TI - The application of the density dilution method for the observation of fast osmotic fluid shifts in the lung circulation. PMID- 7004500 TI - Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the hypothalamic control of ovulation in the rat. PMID- 7004505 TI - [Computerized tomography--an introduction and review of the state of the art (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004508 TI - Investigations of the hemostatic efficacy of the thermocoagulation of gastrointestinal hemorrhages by convective heat transfer via a miniature endoscopic hot gas probe. PMID- 7004509 TI - [Experience with a new endocardial pacemaker electrode with special consideration to dislocation rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004507 TI - [The importance of continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure in the field of neurotraumatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004512 TI - Effect of antiobiotics on elimination of mycoplasma from experimentally infected cells. AB - The primary and continuous cell cultures and mouse peritoneal macrophages were experimentally infected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. orale I strains and maintained in culture media containing high concentrations of tetracycline or kanamycin. The viable mycoplasmas were eliminated from cell supernatants but not from cells. PMID- 7004511 TI - Sodium and hypertension. AB - The role of sodium and its share in the mosaic of hypertension is reviewed with particular reference to membrane alterations which may lead to new aetiopathogenic insights into essential hypertension. PMID- 7004510 TI - Fc receptor mediated immune regulation and gene expression. AB - Exogenous Fc receptors (FcR) have been demonstrated to either augment or inhibit endogenous FcR mediated immunity, immune regulation and gene expression. Other immune regulatory or modulator molecules, such as the H2 histocompatibility antigens, interferon, transfer factor and leukocyte chalones might involve association with or alter the synthesis or status of FcR, thus effecting regulation of immunity and/or gene expression. FcR provide a unique opportunity for eliciting the mechanisms and perhaps altering the immunity and/or gene expression which influence immune regulation, cellular differentiation, viral replication and malignant transformation. PMID- 7004514 TI - Hemopoietic bone culture in diffusion chambers. AB - Many experimental arguments make some cellular elements which are present in the hemopoietic bone cavities responsible for the bone marrow microenvironment. Diaphyseal fragments of previously curetted rat femurs were cultivated in vivo in diffusion chambers. Histological examination of the chamber membranes showed the presence of fibroblast-like cells. Their osseous origin was demonstrated by the study of the sexual chromatin. A morphological similarity seems to occur between these cells obtained in vivo and those described in in vitro cultures of hempoietic bone or bone marrow. PMID- 7004513 TI - Genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation as a leukemia-lymphoma defense mechanism: correlation of "in vivo" lymphoma resistance and "in vitro" NK activity. AB - (C57 X AKR) F1 hybrid mice, which show genetic resistance to C57 parental bone marrow cells and to AKR lymphoma but not to AKR bone marrow cells in vivo, also show high natural killer cell lysis versus lymphoma cells in vitro. (C3H X AKR) F1 hybrids which show no genetic resistance to parental bone marrow cells or to lymphoma cells in vivo have low levels of NK activity like those of the low responding AKR strain. Thus genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation and to lymphoma in vivo, correlates with NK lytic activity versus lymphoma cells in vitro, adding to the evidence linking these phenomena. PMID- 7004515 TI - Animal models and enzyme immobilization in the development of enzyme replacement therapy: an overview. PMID- 7004516 TI - Cellular transplantation for enzymatic and metabolic deficiencies. PMID- 7004517 TI - Enzyme manipulation by specific megavitamin therapy. PMID- 7004519 TI - Status of enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease. AB - At this point in time, enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease appears both biochemically effective (patients 1-3, and 10) as well as clinically promising (patients 4 and 5), although these salutary responses have not been obtained consistently (patients 6-9). The discrepancy may be due to the method employed for the isolation of the enzyme. One current opinion is that glucocerebrosidase prepared by conventional fractionation and ion exchange chromatographic procedures may have been more effective in vivo than enzyme prepared by butanol extraction and hydrophobic column chromatography, which we developed because of the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of glucocerebrosidase by the conventional method. It should be remembered that the enzyme prepared by the latter procedure was fully active on glucocerebroside in liver biopsy specimens in vitro. Furthermore, glucocerebrosidase prepared by the second method exerted a positive effect in 2 young patients, who received relatively large amounts of enzyme, and in an adult who was treated with corticosteroid prior to infusion of the enzyme. At this moment, a possible explanation is that a necessary associated factor, perhaps a lipid, may have been removed by the large-scale isolation procedure. We are attempting to improve the biochemical and clinical responses to enzyme infusion by investigating the effects of lysosomal modifying agents and by enhancing the uptake and localization of the infused enzyme in lysosomes of cells that contain the stored glucocerebroside. PMID- 7004518 TI - Human mannosidosis: in vitro and in vivo studies of cofactor supplementation. PMID- 7004520 TI - Enzyme replacement in Pompe disease with an alpha-glucosidase-low density lipoprotein complex. PMID- 7004521 TI - Human trials: direct enzyme replacement--summary and discussion. PMID- 7004522 TI - Hereditary angioneurotic edema and its correction with androgen therapy. PMID- 7004523 TI - The synthesis of insulin in bacteria: a model for the production of medically useful proteins in prokaryotic cells. PMID- 7004524 TI - History of genetics in dentistry. PMID- 7004528 TI - [Effect of fluctuating electromagnetic fields on the processes of growth and blastomogenesis]. AB - Rats were exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic field, adequate to the natural background, with Gaussian energy distribution, spectrum width 15 kHz, and field intensity 5 V/cm. Electric fluctuations were shown to have an inhibitory action on the normal growth of the animals and on blastoma development. This action reaches maximum with the greatest build-up gradient. As the frequency band of the field of action increase, the inhibitory effect declines. PMID- 7004527 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of lactoferrin-synthesizing thymus cells]. AB - Lactoferrin-synthesizing cells were detected in the human thymus by immunofluorescence. LF cells in the thymus were shown to be more numerous, to possess greater secretory activity, and to appear earlier in the process of embryonal development as compared to the organ producing this protein (salivary gland). The data obtained suggest that in the thymus, lactoferrin apart from its known functions, bacteriostatic and ferrous iron-binding ones, acts as a heteroorgan antigen, i.e. provides lymphocytes of the thymus with information on this protein structure during natural immunologic tolerance induction. PMID- 7004526 TI - [Distribution of a cross-reacting antigen common to group A streptococcal polysaccharide and multilayer squamous epithelium in different human organs]. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence with the use of antibodies) to group A streptococcal polysaccharide (A-polysaccharide has shown cross-reacting antigen (CRA) common for A-polysaccharide and the squamous epithelium to be localized, apart from the skin and thymus, in basal layer cells of oral mucosa epithelium, esophagus, inferior portion of the rectum, in salivary and mammary ducts. These tissue carriers of CRA are united by common ectodermal origin. The evidence obtained may be of use in the devising of a method for differential diagnosis of tumors of different genesis. In the course of organogenesis CRA appears early in the monolayer embryonic epithelium. The data presented correlate with those obtained before during study of animal tissues. PMID- 7004525 TI - [Localization of endodermal antigen in the organs and tissues of dogs]. AB - Spontaneous stomatitis in dogs gives rise to the appearance in ectodermal derivatives of an additional antigen that is not detectable in normal oral mucosa. The immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods were used to study the intracellular localization of entodermal antigen in various part of the alimentary tract. Clear and contrast localization of the test antigen in all parts of the alimentary tract warrants a conclusion that this antigen is a mucus component secreted by alimentary tract glands. No antigen under test was found in oral mucosa portions of entodermal origin except for soft palate. Entodermal antigen was not detected either in small mucus-forming glands. PMID- 7004529 TI - [Quantitative immunoenzyme method of analyzing embryonal prealbumin (EPA-1) in biological fluids]. AB - A quantitative immunoenzymatic method (ELISA) has been developed for detection of embryonic prealbumin (EPA-1). This method allows EPA-1 to be detected in human serum in an amount of 4 to 100 ng/ml. The high levels of EPA-1 (over 4 ng/ml) were observed in all cases (27 patients) of tumors of connective tissues, in 50 of 51 in brain tumors, in 39 of 341 in gastrointestinal tract tumors, in 4 of 13 in breast tumors, and in 21 of 51 tumors of the respiratory tract. The levels of EPA-1 in donors and pregnant woman sera normally did not exceed 4 ng/ml. However, about 3% of the samples of these sera had the levels of EPA-1 from 4 to 12 ng/ml. PMID- 7004530 TI - Blood tests for the diagnosis of venous and arterial thrombosis. AB - There are many reports in the literature of blood test abnormalities occurring in patients with venous or arterial thrombosis. Most of these have not used acceptable criteria for establishing an association between thrombosis and blood tests and, therefore, their interpretation is questionable. Recently, sensitive and specific assays have been developed for the detection of products of intravascular thrombin formation, of plasmin digests of fibrin or fibrinogen and of platelet specific proteins that are released into the plasma when platelets react with stimuli. Blood abnormalities have been sought that can either predict or detect venous thrombosis. Many of the predictive tests evaluated are nonspecific acute phase reactant responses to inflammation; of these, only reduced fibrinolytic activity has been consistently reported to be associated with postoperative venous thrombosis. Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency has been consistently shown to predispose patients to venous thrombosis. Abnormalities of the plasminogen and fibrinogen molecule have also been described in patients with familial or recurrent venous thrombosis but these are rare and the association could be coincidental. Two blood tests, the fibrinopeptide A assay and the assay for fibrin/fibrinogen fragment E are highly sensitive to acute venous thromboembolism in symptomatic patients but both are nonspecific. Elevated levels of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 have been reported in patients with arterial thromboembolism but the sensitivity and specificity of these findings is presently unknown. PMID- 7004531 TI - Contributions of human platelets to the proteolytic activation of blood coagulation factors XII and XI. PMID- 7004532 TI - Prevention of graft rejection following bone marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling is increasingly used in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. One major problem with this approach is graft rejection that occurs in 25%-60% of patients conditioned for transplantation with cyclophosphamide. At most transplant centers it has been difficult to accurately identify patients at high risk for graft rejection. We studied a conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide (200 mg per kg) and low-dose total body irradiation (3 Gy; equivalent to 300 rad) in 23 consecutive unselected patients with aplastic anemia followed for a minimum of 6 mo. There was only one episode of graft rejection. Graft-versus-host disease and interstitial pneumonitis were not increased by the more intensive conditioning regimen. Actuarial survival was 61% at 1 yr and 49% at 2.5 yr. Cyclophosphamide and low dose total body irradiation is an effective conditioning regimen in patients with aplastic anemia. It may be particularly useful when accurate predictive tests of graft rejection are not available as is the case in most transplant centers. PMID- 7004533 TI - Concomitant administration of granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B in neutropenic patients: absence of significant pulmonary toxicity. AB - One hundred and ninety-five series of granulocyte transfusions in 144 patients were evaluated with respect to possible severe pulmonary toxicity from concomitant administration of granulocytes and amphotericin B. Dyspnea as a side effect of granulocyte transfusion was equally common among patients receiving amphotericin B and those in a matched control group not receiving amphotericin B. Granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B were given simultaneously in 35 transfusion series, involving 32 patients. Respiratory deterioration, defined as the appearance of new pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray, occurred in 11 of these 35 episodes. Patients developing respiratory deterioration were similar to those not developing respiratory deterioration in age, diagnosis, disease status, duration of concomitant therapy, and outcome, but more often had positive fungal cultures as an indication for treatment (91% versus 58%; p = 0.1). In 8 patients, the episodes of respiratory deterioration were readily explained by congestive heart failure, by simultaneous bacteremia or fungemia, or by fungal pneumonia discovered at autopsy. One patient had a leukoagglutinin reaction (responsive to steroids) and the other 2 had unexplained, but reversible respiratory deterioration. We concluded that concomitant administration of granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B is not associated with unexpected or rapidly fatal pulmonary toxicity and when appropriate, can be safely accomplished. PMID- 7004534 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease in 52 patients: adverse natural course and successful treatment with combination immunosuppression. AB - Fifty-two of 175 (30%) survivors of allogeneic marrow transplantation developed chronic graft-versus-hose diseases (GVHD). Five with limited chronic GVHD had an indolent clinical course with involvement of only the skin and liver. Forty-seven with extensive chronic GVHD had an unfavorable multiorgan disorder that resembled several autoimmune diseases. Thirteen patients with extensive disease (group I) were not treated and only 2 survive with Karnofsky scores >- 70%. Mortality resulted from infections and morbidity from sica syndrome, pulmonary and hepatic insufficiency, scleroderma-like skin disease, and contractures. Another 13 (group II) received a median of 8 mo prednisone and/or a brief course of antithymocyte globulin, and 3 survive without disability. The other 21 (group III) were treated with a combination of prednisone (1.0 mg/kg/q.o.d.) and either cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, or azathioprine (all 1.5 mg/kg/day) for a median of 13 mo. Combination therapy was well tolerated with only modest myelotoxicity. Fifteen in group III had a good and 4 a fair response to treatment while 2 with no response died. Azathioprine and prednisone was the most effective regimen. All therapy has been discontinued in 12 group III patients: GVHD returned in 5 (including 2 who died in spite of retreatment) while 7 remain free of GVHD for a median of 11 (range 6-30) mo observation. Only I group III survivor is disabled and 16 of the original 21 are alive 2-4 yr after transplant with Karnofsky scores of 70%-100%. Thus, combination immmunosuppression appears to favorably affect and, in some cases, premanently arrest the adverse natural course of extensive chronic GVHD. PMID- 7004535 TI - Immunofluorescent identification of human megakaryocyte colonies using an antiplatelet glycoprotein antiserum. AB - The development of a satisfactory in vitro assay system for human megakaryocyte colony forming progenitor cells has been delayed by the lack of a suitable marker for cells of human megakaryocyte lineage. For this purpose we raised an antiserum directed against a purified human platelet glycoprotein preparation. In conjunction with indirect immunofluorescent staining of human bone marrow, this antiserum labeled only platelets, megakaryocytes, and an infrequent population of small mononuclear cells. These small mononuclear cells, not otherwise identifiable as members of the megakaryocyte series, constituted 22.9% of the total fluorescein positive nucleated bone marrow cells. This antiserum was also used to label colonies cultured from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a modified plasma clot technique. A mean of 123 fluorescein-labeled colonies were cloned per 10(6) mononuclear cells cultured. Granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid burst colonies did not label using this method. No augmentation of colony numbers was found with varying concentrations of erythropoietin, human embryonic kidney cell conditioned media (a source of thrombopoietin), or media conditioned by a human T lymphoblast cell line (a source of both colony stimulating and burst promoting activities). Immunofluorescent labeling for platelet glycoproteins is a convenient phenotypic marker for cells of human megakaryocyte lineage useful in the study of in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 7004536 TI - Fatal graft-versus-host disease in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia following normal granulocyte transfusion. AB - A woman with lymphoblastic lymphoma was treated with combination chemotherapy. She subsequently became febrile while granulocytopenic and was given unirradiated granulocyte transfusions from normal, unrelated donors. She recovered, but 12 days later noted the onset of progressive skin rash, hepatic dysfunction, diarrhea and pancytopenia and, 22 days after her last granulocyte transfusion, died of gram negative septicemia. Histologic examination of multiple tissues including the skin, liver, and intestinal tract showed changes characteristic of acute graft-versus-hose disease (GVHD). Y-chromatin analysis of the patient's peripheral blood just before death indicated the presence of male cells. HLA typing of lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from the patient and lymphocytes from the family and granulocyte donors was also consistent with engraftment of cells from one of the male granulocyte donors. This donor most likely was homozygous for one of the patient's halotypes, perhaps facilitating engraftment of his cells and subsequent development of transfusion-induced acute GVHD. Until more precise guidelines can be established, we recommend that all cellular blood products given to patients receiving intensive chemotherapy be irradiated with 1500 rad. PMID- 7004537 TI - Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease contain fibronectin. AB - Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes from five patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied. Indirect immunofluorescence on fixed sections with a monospecific anti-serum to fibronectin revealed abundant cytoplasmic fibronectin in approximately 90% of the Reed-Sternberg cells. In addition, the cells were shown by immunofluorescence to contain polyclonal IgG; however, factor VIII antigen, albumin, fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, anti-thrombin III, and ceruloplasmin were not present. The abundant cytoplasmic fibronectin suggests that Reed Sternberg cells are derived from tissue macrophages. PMID- 7004538 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). AB - Using an electronmicroscopic peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in combination with a three-step fixation procedure according to Willingham, the ultrastructural site of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) could be shown in cells of a human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (MOLT 4). TdT appeared in the cytoplasm of the cells associated with large membrane bound granules from 150 to 600 nm in diameter usually arranged in aggregates. TdT-positive spaces were completely segregated form the rest of the cytoplasm and seemed to be interconnected by a tubular system. No TdT was detected in the nuclei. PMID- 7004540 TI - Idiopathic amyloidosis in the stone marten (Martes foina): identification of amyloid fibril proteins in tissue sections using the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Amyloid fibril proteins isolated from a spleen of a wild stone marten (Martes foina, Exleben) with idiopathic amyloidosis show resemblance to protein AA by amino acid analysis. An antiserum directed against these proteins can be used to identify the marten's amyloid in formalin-fixed tissue paraffin-embedded sections using the immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 7004539 TI - Early bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia. PMID- 7004542 TI - Interhuman transmission of medieval plague. PMID- 7004541 TI - Abraham Flexner's unpublished report: foundations and medical education, 1909 1928. PMID- 7004543 TI - The Victorian medical profession and military practice: Army doctors and national origins. PMID- 7004545 TI - The historical background of psychiatry in Lebanon. PMID- 7004546 TI - "Medical" despatches from American consuls in Malta, 1804-1865. PMID- 7004547 TI - The Osler's son--Revere. PMID- 7004549 TI - Jozef Jakobkiewicz M.D., pioneer of maritime and tropical medicine in Poland. PMID- 7004544 TI - The throat distemper reappraised. PMID- 7004548 TI - Assistant Professor Jan Chmielewski, M.D. (1933-1979). PMID- 7004550 TI - Chronic brucellosis in the author's observations. PMID- 7004551 TI - Seroreactions in detecting Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Gdansk region, years 1973-1976. PMID- 7004552 TI - [Control of leprosy: fantasies and possibilities]. PMID- 7004555 TI - Injury and insult--considerations of the neuropathological aetiology of mental subnormality. PMID- 7004554 TI - [Daniel Bargeton (1906-1980)]. PMID- 7004553 TI - [Normal and pathological lung growth: structure-function relationships (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004556 TI - A comparison of the efficacy of naproxen sodium and a paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination in the treatment of soft-tissue disorders. AB - Ninety-eight patients were admitted to a single-blind parallel study comparing the efficacy of naproxen sodium with a paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination in the treatment of soft-tissue disorders. The two study groups were well matched in all respects. After seven days of treatment patients in the naproxen sodium group had less residual symptoms and more of them were considered cured. These patients also had a significantly lower mean-pain-score, tended to have less daily symptoms and recorded a significantly greater initial improvement in their condition. Fewer side-effects were recorded by the naproxen sodium-treated patients. One patient from each group withdrew from the study because of side effects. It was concluded that in the treatment of non-articular soft-tissue disorders the use of a rapidly-acting withdrew anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen sodium, gave a better clinical response than did treatment with a simple analgesic combination. PMID- 7004557 TI - A controlled trial to evaluate and compare a sutureless skin closure technique (Op-Site skin closure) with conventional skin suturing and clipping in abdominal surgery. AB - Sutureless wound closure employing a new product, Op-Site Skin Closure, was evaluated in comparison with two standard techniques of skin closure, using interrupted nylon sutures and Michel clips. The trial involved 110 patients undergoing elective and emergency abdominal surgery. The results showed that Op Site Skin Closure was as good as the conventional techniques of skin closure with the advantages that it is easier and quicker to apply, produces a superior cosmetic result and, consequently, has gained excellent patient and nurse acceptance. PMID- 7004558 TI - Evaluation of 99Tcm-labelled HIDA examination. PMID- 7004559 TI - Chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: results of a controlled, prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. AB - Forty patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer were included in a prospective, randomised, controlled trial of multiple chemotherapy. The survival of 19 untreated control patients was compared with that of 21 patients who received an initiation course of intravenous fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and vincristine given over five days followed by intravenous fluorouracil and mitomycin given over three or five days at six-week intervals thereafter. Median survival in treated patients was 44 weeks, which was significantly longer than the nine weeks seen in controls. In patients without metastases median survival was 48 weeks in the treated group and 12 weeks in controls. In patients with metastases it was 30 weeks in treated patients and seven weeks in controls. The treatment was well tolerated and seemed to confer a significant prolongation of survival, comparing favourably with previous reports of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. If the results are confirmed this regimen may be useful in district general hospital practice. PMID- 7004560 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: side effects and quality of life. AB - In a trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy women with primary breast cancer and spread to one or more axillary nodes were randomised to receive a six month course of either the single agent chlorambucil or the five-drug combination of chlorambucil, methotrexate, fluorouracil, vincristine, and adriamycin. On completing the treatment 47 patients were asked to fill in questionnaires at home on the side effects of treatment and its influence on the quality of their life. Side effects including nausea, vomiting, malaise, and alopecia had been severe enough to interfere with their lifestyle in 9 (42%) of the patients who had received the single agent and 19 (79%) of those who had received multiple-drug treatment. Various other side effects were reported by a few patients. Seven (29%) of the patients who had received the multiple-drug schedule voluntarily added that the treatment had been "unbearable" or "could never be gone though again." The proportion of patients who had experienced severe side effects while receiving the treatment was considerable; hence such adjuvant chemotherapy is justifiable only if it will substantially improve a patient's prognosis. PMID- 7004561 TI - An aid to reducing unnecessary investigations. AB - The number of investigations carried out on patients with the same condition varies greatly. The reason is largely inappropriate investigation. The known progressive increase in the use of laboratory facilities could be slowed down if unnecessary tests were eliminated. A computer-based medical information system, house officer information system, was used to eliminate the ordering of unnecessary tests. Analysis showed that patients cared for while the system was in operation were less likely to have unnecessary tests, which lead to a saving of pound1.34 per patient in laboratory costs. PMID- 7004562 TI - Fulminant Streptococcus pyogenes infection. PMID- 7004563 TI - Renal aneurysms in rejected renal transplants. PMID- 7004565 TI - The Hamadryad Hospital Ship for Seamen, 1866-1905. PMID- 7004567 TI - Susceptibility of rabbits venereally infected with Treponema paraluis-cuniculi to superinfections with Treponema pallidum. AB - Three female rabbits, venereally infected with Treponema paraluis-cuniculi between five and eight months previously, had treponeme-containing genital lesions and positive results to serological tests for syphilis. These rabbits and four normal female rabbits were challenged with Treponema pallidum intradermally on the shaved back with triplicate doses of 10(4), 10(3), 10(2), and 10 treponemes (all at different sites). Significantly fewer syphilitic lesions developed in the rabbits previously infected with T paraluis-cuniculi (4/36) compared with the control rabbits (37/48), and the mean size of the lesions (diameter of induration) was significantly less (4 mm compared with 10 mm). It appears that previous venereal infection of female rabbits with T paraluis cuniculi induced a level of cross-immunity against infection with T pallidum. Protection was however not complete. PMID- 7004568 TI - Evaluation of the Papanicolaou-stained cytological smear as a screening technique for asymptomatic gonorrhoea. AB - To assess the Papanicolaou smear as a screening test for asymptomatic gonorrhoea 311 women who had had simultaneous Papanicolaou smears and cervical cultures performed were studied. Of the 151 women who were culture-positive only 27 (18%) had a positive result by Papanicolaou smear. The presence of either endocervical or metaplastic cells did not increase the frequency with which gonococci were recognised. The eight cytotechnologists spent at least 30 minutes for each case looking for diplococci; the variability between observers was high. The possibility of using an already widely accepted diagnostic technique, such as the cytological smear, as a means of screening for gonococci is very attractive. Unfortunately in this study the excessive time taken to examine the slides, the poor correlation of observers' findings, and a low sensitivity for finding diplococci made the Papanicolaou smear an impractical method for detecting gonorrhoea in asymptomatic women. PMID- 7004566 TI - Nature of Samuel Pepys's "wind colic". PMID- 7004564 TI - Chlorosis, anaemia, and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7004569 TI - [Analysis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis by fluorescent antibodies and lectins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004570 TI - [Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004571 TI - [Intraocular lenses. Foundations and surgery]. PMID- 7004572 TI - [Blood pressure in children and adolescents. Application to the detection and prevention of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7004573 TI - [Adoption of an abandoned child. Current problems]. PMID- 7004574 TI - [Metals and rheumatism]. PMID- 7004575 TI - [Therapeutic protocol (emoblization and surgery) for cervicofacial vascular tumors]. PMID- 7004577 TI - [Understanding and classification of hyperviscosity syndromes]. PMID- 7004576 TI - [Toward more effective action against alcoholism in France]. PMID- 7004578 TI - [Alphonse Laveran and the discovery of the malarial parasite]. PMID- 7004580 TI - [Prospects for the future in the control of malaria]. PMID- 7004581 TI - [Effect of maternal alcoholism on the offspring]. PMID- 7004582 TI - [Sleep-waking cycle and the nyctohemeral secretion of prolactin and somatotropin in Parkinson patients. Effect of bromocriptine]. PMID- 7004579 TI - [Laveran's work in protozoology and its impact]. PMID- 7004583 TI - [Anti-glare headlights in the city? Negative response in physiological optics]. PMID- 7004585 TI - [The reliability of metal materials used in orthopedic surgery. Problem or scandal?]. PMID- 7004584 TI - [Hypophosphoremia during forced diuresis]. PMID- 7004586 TI - [Coronary spasm: myth or reality?]. PMID- 7004587 TI - [The growing number of allergens causing lung disease]. PMID- 7004588 TI - [Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries]. PMID- 7004589 TI - [Problems which are essential to resolve in order to obtain significant results in experimental studies on nutrition and toxicology in laboratory animals]. PMID- 7004590 TI - [An innovation in the European diplomas in radiology. Results, implications, and future]. PMID- 7004591 TI - [Diagnostic problems posed by radiological burns]. PMID- 7004593 TI - Production of lymphocyte migration inhibition (LyMIF) and stimulatory (LyMSF) factors by T and B lymphocytes from rabbit peripheral blood stimulated with concanavalin-A. PMID- 7004592 TI - [Prevention of tetanus]. PMID- 7004594 TI - The fate of ten successive skin allografts in Triturus cristatus (Laur.). PMID- 7004595 TI - Mechanisms of anaesthesia: a review. AB - Anaesthesia is a drug-induced reversible perturbation of neuronal activity. Since a wide variety of structurally unrelated substances are capable of producing this phenomenon, it has been generally accepted that anaesthetics produce their effects through non-specific hydrophobic interactions. Results of recent studies in whole animal and cellular (membrane) preparations demonstrate that a unitary theory of action does not exist. Anaesthetics can produce a spectrum of activity in the central nervous system, and different agents produce different patterns of activity. At the cellular and membrane level, differential effects have been observed, structural dependent differences occur and optical isomers display very different activities. The perturbation (fluidity change) of membrane components does not appear to be uniform for all anaesthetics. It is concluded that anaesthetics are selective agents, and produce their effects at multiple sites and through a variety of mechanisms. PMID- 7004596 TI - The "milieu interieur"-a model of brain physiology and pathophysiology. AB - The "milieu interieur" or "internal environment" of the brain is determined by the glial cells, the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood-brain barrier, the cerebral blood flow, the central regulation of respiration, and the intracranial pressure. Anaesthetic agents and anoxia-ischaemic insult can disrupt this important but vulnerable neuronal environment. Head injury is used as an example of a common insult to the neuronal environment and the principles of management are discussed, using a model of brain physiology and pathophysiology which can be modified to include other clinical situations. PMID- 7004597 TI - Effect of total sympathetic blockade on plasma renin activity during surgery. AB - The interaction of sympathetic blockade and decreased mean arterial pressure on plasma renin activity during surgery was studied in dogs. Plasma renin activity was measured during lumbar laminectomy before and after sympathetic blockade produced by subarachnoid spinal anaesthesia. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased during laminectomy. Twenty minutes after sympathetic blockade there were marked decreases in mean arterial pressure and plasma renin activity; but with mean arterial pressure continuing to decline, plasma renin activity showed moderate increases at 50 minutes after sympathetic blockade. It is concluded that increases in plasma renin activity seen during surgical operations can be attenuated by sympathetic blockade produced by subarachnoid or epidural spinal anaesthesia, although decreases in mean arterial pressure resulting from the sympathetic blockade continue to provide a stimulus for renin secretion. PMID- 7004598 TI - Incentive spirometry: its value after cardiac surgery. AB - Treatment with intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) and incentive spirometry (I.S.) was compared in 109 patients after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Assessment was done by measurement of vital capacity, arterial oxygen tension and identification of the radiological signs of atelectasis. All patients were instructed pre-operatively in the treatment which was to be used. Vital capacity, arterial oxygen tension while breathing air for the first three postoperative days and the incidence of atelectasis showed no significant difference between groups. Ten minutes after treatment the arterial oxygen tension fell, but this was only statistically significant after I.P.P.B. At 60 minutes the arterial oxygen tension had returned to pretreatment level in both groups. The use of the incentive spirometer four times daily is no better than I.P.P.B., in preventing atelectasis after open-heart surgery. Possibly incentive spirometer treatment given more frequently may be more effective. PMID- 7004599 TI - Microfill resins. PMID- 7004600 TI - Oral health after periodontal therapy. PMID- 7004601 TI - Patient knowledge and attitudes after periodontal therapy. PMID- 7004602 TI - Rests of Malassez and chronic marginal periodontal disease. PMID- 7004603 TI - [Caries, malocclusion and periodontal diseases--a longitudinal study]. PMID- 7004605 TI - Mandibular subperiosteal implants (a retrospective analysis in light of the Harvard Consensus). PMID- 7004604 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody prevalence (a survey at the College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan). PMID- 7004606 TI - Traumatic hyperplasia of the gingiva - alveolar fibrosis. PMID- 7004609 TI - Changes in the Salmonella status of broiler chickens subjected to simulated shipping conditions. AB - Market-age broiler chickens from flocks infected with Salmonella typhimurium were killed after being placed in crates and subjected to simulated shipping conditions for five, 19 or 24 hours. The cloacal feces, ceca and exteriors of the birds were cultured for salmonellae to identify shedders, cecal carriers and external carriers respectively, and the results compared with those obtained from pen-mates killed at the time the tested birds were put into the crates. Carriage of S. typhimurium was significantly higher among birds placed in clean crates than among the uncrated controls, mainly due to an increase in cecal carriers (from 23.5% to 61.5%). This increase was not related to the time spent in the crate. Twenty-four chickens were placed in crates contaminated with Salmonella alachua and all 24 became carriers of this organism: 22 (91.5%) of these were cecal carriers and 18 (75%) were shedders. This contamination also spread to 15/24 chickens placed in clean crates and "shipped" in the same truck: six of these became cecal carriers and seven were shedders. These results indicated that chickens in shipping crates which are exposed to salmonellae under transport conditions may readily become infected and begin to shed salmonellae within 24 hours. PMID- 7004608 TI - Yeast cell wall, membrane, and soluble marker polypeptides identified by comparative two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Yeast cell wall, plasma membrane, total spheroplast, and total soluble protein fractions were isolated from exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch cultures. The cell wall, plasma membrane, and soluble protein fractions were obtained by mechanical disruption of intact yeast cells under identical osmotic conditions. Electron micrographs of purified wall fractions appeared free of vesicular membrane contamination and micrographs of plasma membrane vesicles were free of cell wall contamination. Various stages of cell wall purification were monitored by electron microscopy and comparative two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This resulted in the identification of a glycopeptide designated 16w in the cell wall fraction, with an apparent isoelectric point of 5.0 and an apparent molecular weight of 25 000. Protein analyses of soluble and plasma membrane protein fractions failed to detect component 16w. Two-dimensional protein analyses of total cellular homogenates were capable of resolving the cell wall glycopeptide 16w. However, protein separations of spheroplasts formed by glusulase degradation of the cell wall complex did not detect 16w. These observations suggest that component 16w is unique to the cell wall fraction. In addition, comparison of two-dimensional gels of soluble and plasma membrane proteins, with a total cellular homogenate, tentatively identified several polypeptides unique to each of the soluble and plasma membrane fractions. PMID- 7004607 TI - Catalysis of exchange of terminal phosphate groups of ATP and ADP by purified nitrogenase proteins. AB - A crude Azotobacter nitrogenase complex contained a highly active adenylate kinase which caused rapid equilibration of AMP, ADP, and ATP. Purified molybdenum iron protein preparations also contained measurable adenylate kinase activity which could be removed by adsorption and elution from hydroxylapatite. Independent of adenylate kinase, the highly purified molybdenum-iron protein from both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter chroococcum catalyzed the exchange of [32P]orthophosphate with the terminal phosphate of ATP or ADP. The exchange labeling of ATP was stimulated by ferricyanide ion due to the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis linked to substrate reductions which cannot occur in the absence of reductant. This exchange reaction is responsible for reported ATP synthesis by crude nitrogenase preparations. Binding of ATP labeled with 32P in the terminal phosphate group was measured directly with concentrated solutions of the molybdenum-iron nitrogenase protein from K. pneumoniae by the column gel filtration method. The protein was saturated with ATP at a calculated ratio of 4.0 +/- 0.3 mol ATP/mol protein; half-saturation of 220 microM protein occurred at 600 +/- 100 microM. The interactions between adenine nucleotides and the molybdenum-iron protein suggest the involvement of the nucleotides in a role distinct from the established reactions with the iron protein of the nitrogenase complex. A dual role for ATP in the reduction of dinitrogen by isolated nitrogenase proteins would be consistent with the existence of binding sites for ATP on both the iron and molybdenum-iron proteins. PMID- 7004610 TI - Spongiform encephalopathy of long duration: a family study. AB - Seven members of a family succumbed to prolonged dementing illnesses. In two, those dementia lasted 10 years, spongiform encephalopathy was found at autopsy. This duration of illness has not been a feature in other instances of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7004611 TI - Trace amines and mental disorders. AB - In this brief review it will be possible to mention only superficially the bioclinical, behavioral, neurochemical, neuropharmacological and neurophysiological evidence to support the view that some of the trace amines [meta- and paratyramine (m-TA, p-TA), beta-phenylethylamine (PE) and tryptamine (T)] may play a significant role in the propagation of nervous impulses and perhaps be involved in the etiology of certain mental disorders. More detailed comments will be found in some recent papers and reviews (Axelrod et al., 1976; Boulton, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1979; Boulton and Baker, 1975; Boulton and Juorio, 1979, Faurbye, 1968; Mosnaim and Wolfe, 1978, Sandler and Reynolds, 1976; Wyatt et al., 1977). PMID- 7004612 TI - Gallstones: current concepts of pathogenesis and medical dissolution. AB - Gallstone disease constitutes a major health problem in the western world, despite a successful form of surgical therapy, cholecystectomy. The past decade has witnessed considerable advances in our understanding of the physiochemical changes in bile that lead to cholesterol gallstone formation. This knowledge has resulted in a rational basis for identifying agents that could dissolve gallstones and for defining conditions that predispose to gallstone formation which might be eliminated or treated prophylactically. This review examines the concepts of gallstone formation and indicates the current status of medical therapy. PMID- 7004613 TI - Malaria in Vietnamese refugees. PMID- 7004615 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation for post-transplantation renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7004614 TI - Alcohol and high-density lipoproteins. AB - High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been shown to be negatively associated with coronary heart disease; some epidemiologic evidence also suggests that alcohol may protect against coronary heart disease, but other evidence shows the opposite. Alcohol ingestion and even alcoholism may be associated with higher serum HDL levels, but the levels tend to return to normal within 2 weeks with abstinence from alcohol. The relation between HDL and alcoholism, however, is complex, since in addition to alcohol itself several other factors have to be considered. Liver disease and cigarette smoking tend to decrease the serum HDL level in alcoholic persons, while certain hormonal and nutritional influences and the concomitant use of other microsomal-enzyme-inducing drugs may lead to increased HDL levels. On balance, while alcohol per se may increase the serum HDL level, alcoholism--particularly alcoholic liver disease--probably negates the HDL related protection against coronary heart disease. PMID- 7004616 TI - Shigella sonnei resistant to cotrimoxazole. PMID- 7004617 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms: how can we improve their treatment? AB - Arteriosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms are present in a least 2% of the elderly population of the Western world and their number is increasing. Without treatment 30% of patients with asymptomatic aneurysms live for 5 years, although the risk of rupture becomes greater as the size of the aneurysm increases. Of those with untreated symptomatic aneurysms 80% are dead within a year. Elective repair of aneurysms has a low mortality, and 50% of the patients live for at least 5 years. Symptomatic aneurysms all cause pain and may produce other symptoms from pressure on adjacent structures, distal embolism, acute thrombosis or rupture. In 88% of cases an aneurysm can be diagnosed by physical examination alone; confirmatory tests include soft-tissue roentgenography of the abdomen, ultrasonography, computer-assisted tomography and aortography. Repair is indicated for symptomatic or ruptured aortic aneurysms and for asymptomatic aneurysms over 5 cm in diameter. Early diagnosis and referral for repair is essential for optimum treatment of this common condition. PMID- 7004619 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a renal transplant recipient for stenosis of the grafted renal artery. PMID- 7004618 TI - Treatment of acute renal failure due to myeloma kidney. AB - Severe renal insufficiency is considered to indicate a poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma, their reported median survival being approximately 2 months. In five consecutive patients with severe renal failure secondary to acute myeloma kidney early aggressive therapy, including chemotherapy and peritoneal dialysis, led to a significant improvement in the renal function of four; the fifth patient received a cadaveric renal transplant after 1 year of peritoneal dialysis. After a median follow-up period of 12 months all the patients were alive and had improved renal function. This experience contrasts with that previously reported and suggests that aggressive management may improve the survival of patients with acute renal failure due to myeloma kidney. PMID- 7004620 TI - An approach to preventive intervention in child psychiatry. AB - A conceptual model for primary prevention is proposed. Its five elements are (1) Risk Factors that increase the likelihood of (2) eventual Mental Disorder contingent upon (3) intervening psychological stresses that promote Crises, which the individual may master more or less effectively dependent on (4) his current psychological Competence and (5) the powerful influence of Social Supports. The paper summarizes recent preventive intervention efforts and evaluative studies that focus on these elements in seeking to reduce psychiatric disorders in child populations: reduction of risk factors through mental health consultation and collaboration by mental health clinicians with child care workers and administrators; improvement of competence in children t risk by special educational programs with children and their parents that seek to enhance their cognitive and emotional programs with children and their parents that seek to enhance their cognitive and emotional problem-solving and coping skills; crisis intervention for children and their families by anticipatory guidance and preventive intervention; and fostering protective social supports by convening supportive groups for persons in need, and organizing mutual help groups, both of which seek to provide individuals under stress with help with emotional reequilibrium and cognitive guidance to compensate for capacities that are usually temporalily eroded by the upheaval of crisis. PMID- 7004622 TI - Differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma and nonlymphoid tumors using monoclonal anti-leucocyte antibody. AB - Pathologic samples from 34 cases of human solid malignancies were tested for reactivity with monoclonal anti-human leucocyte antibody, designated 2D1. This antibody detects a human leucocyte antigen (HLe-I) that is expressed strongly on B and T lymphoid cells and weakly on early hemopoietic cells, but is not found on normal mesenchymal and epithelial tissues. This study demonstrates the use of this reagent in cryostat sections of tumor samples using indirect immunofluorescence in combination with other lymphoid markers such as anti-T cell serum, anti-Ia-like serum (detecting p28, 33 "B cell associated" membrane antigen) and antisera to different immunoglobulin isotypes. Tumor cells from all 12 cases of epithelial malignancies and sarcomas were HLe-I- although adjacent (normal) lymphoid cells showed strong positive staining. In contrast, 20 cases of lymphoma (B- as well as T-cell types) were HLe-I+. Two other malignancies involving the lymphoid system were HLe-I- and failed to express any of the other lymphoid markers tested. PMID- 7004621 TI - Histogenesis of Brenner tumors, II: histochemistry and CEA. AB - The histochemical characteristics of 21 benign Brenner tumors were studied. The mucins associated with these tumors are of transitional cell origin and do not represent a secondary metaplasia of transitional to intestinal-type epithelium. The goblet and ciliated columnar cells associated with the proliferative Brenner tumor are thought to represent a parallel mucinous metaplasia from celomic epithelium. Thirteen of the 16 benign Brenner tumors and the one proliferative Brenner tumor were found to contain carcinoembyronic antigen (CEA), indicating an additional antigenic similarity to transitional epithelium. PMID- 7004623 TI - Steroid receptors in breast cancer: historical perspective. PMID- 7004626 TI - The use of immunocytochemical techniques for the detection of steroid hormones in breast cancer cells. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays were developed to detect estradiol and progesterone in breast cancer cells. Appropriate controls were used to confirm immunologic specificity. Studies of estradiol binding by human breast cancer cells identified three groups: no detectable binding (25%); all tumor cells exhibiting binding although to different degrees (4%); and tumors with varying numbers of positive and negative cells (71%). Similar observations were made with respect to progesterone binding. The percentage of cells with estradiol binding was correlated with the amount of estrogen receptors (ER) present in the tumor specimens. Post-hormone binding events e.g., nuclear binding of estradiol, were also evaluated. Some tumor cells showing cytoplasmic binding of estradiol did not show nuclear binding of estradiol; such tumors lacked detectable diethylstilbestrol under routine assay conditions, and relatively high concentrations of estradiol were needed to observe estradiol-specific staining. The results suggest that the immunocytochemical assays detect hormone-specific binding, but that the binding is probably due to multiple classes of steroid binding sites. PMID- 7004625 TI - Estrogen receptor status and response to polychemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - In a retrospective study, response to systemic polychemotherapy was analyzed in 72 female patients having advanced breast cancer and correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) status. Estrogen receptors were analyzed by agar-gel electrophoresis or uptake competition technique in tumor biopsy specimens derived from the primary tumor or from metastases. The borderline between positive and negative ER values was declared to be 20 fmol/mg tissue protein. Most of the patients have had an extramural review. We did not find statistically significant differences between the ER-positive (ER+), and ER-negative (ER-) groups in these characteristics: age; menopausal status; disease-free interval; dominant site of involvement. Chemotherapy regimens utilized in the two groups were comparable. According to criteria formulated by the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), there is no evidence that response to chemotherapy is correlated with the presence or absence of estrogen receptor. Thirteen of 31 ER+ patients responded objectively to chemotherapy (42%) and 17 or 41 ER- patients gained such remission (41%). Given the retrospective nature of the data, this result should be interpreted cautiously. More clinical studies are warranted to determine whether response to cytotoxic agents is affected by ER status. PMID- 7004627 TI - Use of polyestradiol phosphate and anti-17 beta estradiol antibodies for the localization of estrogen receptors in target tissues: a critique. AB - Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) has been used for localization of estrogen receptors in human carcinoma. The nature of PEP binding to the receptor molecule and the ability of antiestradiol antibodies to react with estrogen receptor complexes were investigated, using an animal model system. Castrated adult female rats were injected with PEP, estradiol 17 beta-diethylstilbestrol or saline. An estrogen target organ (uterus) and a non-target organ (diaphragm) were removed from each animal. In each organ, unoccupied cytosolic estrogen receptors were quantified by DCC assay. The tissue sections were processed to ascertain the PEP binding and the ability of antiestradiol antibodies to detect hormone-occupied sites. Comparison of the results obtained by DCC assay and immunohistochemical technique revealed that antiestradiol antibodies do not react with estradiol receptor complexes formed in vitro or in vivo; that PEP cannot compete with estradiol for the receptor sites in vitro; and that PEP binds to proteins other than those measured by DCC as receptor molecules having high affinity for estradiol. PMID- 7004628 TI - A fluorescent probe for rapid detection of estrogen receptors. AB - Fluorescein conjugates to estradiol-17 beta by the sixth carbon (6-FE) and to estrone by the 17th carbon (17-FE) were used to detect estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast cancer tissue sections and in cultured cell lines (human mammary carcinoma MCF-7 and Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor R3327-AT). 17-FE was found to interact with ERs better than 6-FE by biochemical and histochemical techniques. Thin layer chromatography analysis of ethanolic extracts of 17-FE incorporated in tissues and cultured cells showed that over 95% of 17-FE was not metabolized. We concluded that the fluorescence observed in tissue sections and cultured cells was due to 17-FE and not to fluorescein dissociated from the conjugate. Analysis of 65 human breast cancer showed that 74% of the cases were positive for specific 17-FE uptake and 26% were negative. The fluorescence was consistently brighter in the ductal and glandular epithelial cells than in the stroma. specific 17-FE uptake in the nucleoli was observed in MCF-7 and in R3327-AT tumor cells in in vitro cultures, suggesting that these nucleolar estrogen receptors may play a key role in the mechanism of estrogen action. Problems of fluorescence quantitation in tissue sections and cells are discussed. PMID- 7004629 TI - Estrogen receptors and responsiveness of advanced breast cancer to chemotherapy. AB - We reviewed 89 patients with disseminated breast cancer who had at least one valid estrogen receptor (ER) assay and who underwent one or several trials of chemotherapy. The responses were assessed by two independent extramural reviewers. Of the 89 patients, 81 were evaluable; 28 of 36 (77.8) ER-positive (ER+) and 28 of 45 (60.7%) ER-negative (ER-) tumors reached at least one remission. Of patients who had received Adriamycin-containing therapy, 13/20 (65%) ER+ and 12/34 (35.3%) ER-tumors experienced a remission . ER+ breast cancer tends to respond better to Adriamycin-containing combinations than ER-negative tumors. This study does not support the thesis that lack of estrogen receptor in breast cancer predicts favorable for response to chemotherapy. PMID- 7004624 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy, antiestrogen therapy and immunotherapy for stage II breast cancer: 45-month follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. AB - The results of adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF), endocrine therapy (t), and immunotherapy (BCG) in 318 women who had undergone mastectomy for Stage II breast cancer are reported after 45 months of life table analysis. CMFT therapy was found to be more effective than CMF alone in increasing recurrence-free survival. This beneficial effect appears to be limited to patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors (ER+). Patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors (ER-) (< 3 fmol/mg) have increased recurrence rates and higher mortality. PMID- 7004630 TI - Comparative study of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from normal rat liver and Morris hepatomas in vivo and in culture. PMID- 7004632 TI - Cancer immunology: the search for specificity--G. H. A. Clowes Memorial lecture. AB - The major focus of cancer immunology has shifted away from arguments about the validity of the immunosurveillance theory of cancer to the more basic question of tumor-specific antigens. Despite vast effort aimed at demonstrating such antigens, their existence in the generality of cancer remains unproven. Serological analysis of three tumor types, mouse leukemia, mouse sarcoma, and human malignant melanoma, has received most attention, and a rudimentary classification of the surface antigens expressed by these tumors has begun to emerge. The prime candidates for antigens that can be considered tumor specific are the few instances of Class 1 antigens that have now been serologically defined on mouse and human tumors. These antigens show an absolute restriction to individual tumors, not being demonstrable on any other normal or malignant cell type. Biochemical and genetic characterization of Class 1 antigens represents an essential next step in evaluating the significance of these antigens. The surprising features of the Thymus Leukemia (TL) antigens of the mouse provide insight into the genetic origin of another key class of tumor antigens, in this case antigens with characteristic properties of both differentiation antigens and tumor-specific antigens. In normal mice, TL antigens are restricted to cells in the thymus, and strains differ with regard to expression versus nonexpression of TL antigens. Genetic information for TL is universal in the mouse, however, as leukemias developing in mice that normally lack TL are found to express TL. What is clear from the past two decades of research in cancer immunology is that a far more detailed knowledge of surface antigens of tumor cells will be necessary before we can begin to assess the possibility of immunological control of cancer. PMID- 7004631 TI - Effects of serum and insulin on the sensitivity of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to estrogen and antiestrogens. AB - The effect of the antiestrogens tamoxifen and nafoxidine on the growth of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 is modified by both serum and insulin. Tamoxifen inhibition of the growth of MCF-7 cells in culture is reduced as the concentration of serum in the medium is increased from 0.1% to 5 to 10%. Estradiol does not stimulate cell growth over the same range of serum levels. Insulin changes the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to both estrogen and antiestrogens. Cells growing in media containing insulin are less sensitive to inhibition by either tamoxifen or nafoxidine than are cells growing in its absence. In addition, higher concentrations of estradiol are required to stimulate the production of plasminogen activator when cells are grown in media containing insulin. This effect of insulin can be accounted for by the finding that insulin lowers the level of estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells without altering the binding constant for the hormone. Cells grown with insulin have an average of 21,000 +/- 4,700 (S.D.) estrogen binding sites/cell compared to 62,000 +/- 9,700 sites/cell in cells grown in the absence of insulin. This difference in receptor level is sufficient to account for the difference in the concentration of estradiol needed for equivalent induction of plasminogen activator in cultures with or without insulin. These results indicate that the level of estrogen receptor in breast cancer cells can be changed and that the sensitivity of such cells, both to estrogen and to antiestrogens, is altered by changes in the level of estrogen receptor. They also have implications concerning the mechanism by which antiestrogens act to inhibit the growth of mammary tumor cells. PMID- 7004634 TI - Ifosfamide, methotrexate, and vincristine (IMV) combination chemotherapy as secondary treatment for patients with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7004636 TI - Treatment of advanced adult acute leukemia with diglycoaldehyde: a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 7004635 TI - Randomized comparison of two combination chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a Western Cancer Study Group trial. AB - Ninety-six patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered in a prospectively randomized trial comparing a five-drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-containing regimen given in two different schedules. Both regimens included cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, prednisone, and doxorubicin. On one schedule, referred to as "combination" treatment, doxorubicin was given every 21 days and cyclophosphamide was given daily. On the less intensive "fixed-rotation" schedule, doxorubicin was given on alternative cycles every 42 days and cyclophosphamide was given for 21 days of the 42-day cycle. Response frequency and survival were comparable among patients receiving either regimen. Significantly less (P < 0.05) nausea and leukopenia occurred on the fixed rotation schedule. Therefore, similar therapeutic benefit along with decreased toxicity was obtained by use of combination chemotherapy involving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide given in the less intensive schedule. PMID- 7004638 TI - Effects of cancer chemotherapy on gonadal function of patients. PMID- 7004639 TI - The radiographic evaluation of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes in oncologic practice. PMID- 7004637 TI - Anorexia and cancer in animals and man. PMID- 7004633 TI - The role of plasma membrane receptors and the kinetics of macrophage activation by lymphokines encapsulated in liposomes. AB - The kinetics of activation of tumoricidal functions in mouse macrophages incubated with macrophage-activating factors (MAF) released by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (free MAF) and MAF encapsulated with liposomes (liposome-MAF) have been compared. Development of tumoricidal activity requires incubation of macrophages with free or liposome-encapsulated MAF for a minimum of 4 hr. Macrophages incubated with MAF for 4 hr were not cytotoxic when tumor target cells were added immediately after removal of MAF, but they were highly cytotoxic when allowed to complete a "lag" phase before being exposed to tumor cells. The duration of the lag phase varied with different activation protocols. The levels of cytotoxic activity induced by liposome-encapsulated MAF was consistently higher than that obtained with free MAF. Studies using inhibitors of endocytosis demonstrated that internalization of the liposome carrier is required for activation by liposome-MAF and that activation does not result from MAF leaking from liposomes and binding to MAF receptors on either the plasma membrane or the membrane of endocytic vesicles. Comparison of the efficiency of macrophage activation by MAF encapsulated in liposomes of differing internal volume revealed that large multilamellar and large unioligolamellar liposomes were more efficient in activating peritoneal exudate macrophages than were small unilamellar liposomes. Measurement of the volume of liposome contents internalized by macrophages from these three types of liposomes revealed that maximum cytotoxicity required internalization of a given volume of MAF-containing lymphocyte supernatants, after which no further increase in cytotoxicity occurred. PMID- 7004640 TI - Uptake and transport of immunoglobulin by the chick choroid plexus. I. Studies with enzyme-treated human immunoglobulin in tissue culture. AB - The choroid plexus from the lateral ventricles of 18-day chick embryos was cultivated as an organ in medium 199 until the degeneration of the stroma. Selected plexuses forming an empty epithelial sac were then incubated with enzyme treated human immunoglobulin (5S-antibody) and with native human immunoglobulin (7S-antibody). Uptake of the 7S-antibody was observed after 30 min, whereas the 5S-antibody was taken up by the choroid plexus within 1 min, as demonstrated by means of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique (Sternberger 1974). The antibodies were located in conspicuous, large vacuoles of the choroid epithelium. Further experiments were performed using only 5S-antibody. In addition to the demonstration of the protein structure of this immunoglobulin, it was also shown that its binding capacity for tetanus toxoid as an antigen remains intact in the intracellular location. It was not possible to observe lysosomal degradation. Moreover, 5S-antibody was detectable in cultures first incubated with 5S-antibody for 30 min and subsequently in antibody-free medium for a further period of 7 to 11 days. The biological significance of the uptake of material from the cerebrospinal fluid and the possibility of the existence of a receptor for 5S antibody are discussed. PMID- 7004641 TI - Light and electron microscopic observation on the appearance of immunoreactive LHRH in perinatal rat hypothalamus. AB - The appearance and localization of LHRH were studied in the developing hypothalamus of perinatal rats using the unlabelled antibody method. By light microscopy, immunoreactive LHRH was first detected as brown dots on day 18.5 of gestation in the OVLT and on day 19.5 in the median eminence, respectively. When the median eminence was examined by the preembedding immunohistochemistry technique for electron microscopy, the occurrence of immunoreactive LHRH fibers could be demonstrated on day 18.5. These fibers were thin and very occasionally encountered near the surface of the lateral regions of the median eminence. The axoplasm contained a few immunopositive secretory granules and also extragranular immunoreactive products. With development, a gradual increase was noted both in number and size of nerve fibers with a concomitant accumulation of secretory granules within the axoplasm. A possible physiological significance of LHRH is discussed in relation to the onset of hypothalamo-hypophysial system in fetal life. PMID- 7004642 TI - Sequence of introns and flanking exons in wild-type and box3 mutants of cytochrome b reveals an interlaced splicing protein coded by an intron. AB - We have determined the DNA sequence of the wild type and mutated introns as well as their flanking exons in the yeast mitochondrial gene specifying cytochrome b. The second intron (box3) encodes a trans-acting protein "mRNA maturase" responsible for splicing and maturation of cytochrome b mRNA. This protein is interlaced with cytochrome b exon sequences. Its biosynthesis is subject to a negative feedback which may constitute a regulatory mechanism for the expression of split genes. PMID- 7004643 TI - Mutations of the yeast SUP4 tRNATyr locus: transcription of the mutant genes in vitro. AB - Twenty-nine different SUP4-o tRNATyr genes with second-site mutations were transcribed in X. laevis cell-free RNA polymerase III transcription reactions, and the in vitro transcripts were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nineteen mutant genes yield normal amounts of RNA that co-electrophorese with SUP4-o gene transcripts. RNA synthesized from a mutant gene lacing a single base pair migrated slightly faster in gels, as expected. The still shorter transcripts made from seven other mutant genes suggest that several mutations alter transcription starting or stopping points. Fingerprint analyses of transcripts from the two most extreme cases showed that premature termination occurred at new tracts of T residues resulting from the mutations. Two mutations significantly enhance transcription, and two mutations which alter the invariant C within the T psi CG sequence dramatically reduce SUP4-o gene transcription. The regions of the SUP4-o gene that surround these mutations are partially homologous to intragenic sequences in many other eucaryotic tRNA and 5S RNA genes. We hypothesize that these homologous sequences are recognized as promoter regions during RNA polymerase III transcription initiation. PMID- 7004644 TI - The topology of homologous pairing promoted by RecA protein. PMID- 7004646 TI - [Plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion in coarctation of the aorta]. PMID- 7004645 TI - Human-specific nuclear protein that associates with the polar region of the mitotic apparatus: distribution in a human/hamster hybrid cell. AB - We describe the first example of a predominantly nuclear protein which during mitosis becomes part of the mitotic apparatus. This protein has been termed the nuclear-mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein. In interphase cells NuMA protein is restricted to the nucleus and is a constituent of isolated nuclear matrices, but in mitotic cells it is observed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to be concentrated at the polar regions of the mitotic apparatus. This mitotic localization is dependent on the integrity of the spindle, since treatments which disrupt the spindle result in dispersion of NuMA protein throughout the cell. Comparison to the subcellar distribution of tubulin at different stages of the cell cycle indicates that NuMA protein is distinct from the previously identified components of the mitotic spindle. Its association with the nuclear matrix and its localization during mitosis to the site of nuclear reassembly suggest the interesting possibility that NuMA protein could be representative of a class of proteins involved in the early events of nuclear reassembly. NuMA is present in the nuclei and mitotic spindle of all types of human cells that have been examined, but proteins of similar molecular weight (300,000 daltons in dissociating solvents) or immunological specificity are not detected in cells of other species (including monkey). However, the NuMA protein is synthesized in a human/Chinese hamster hybrid cell containing a reduced number of human chromosomes. Immunofluorescence studies of this hybrid cell showed that the distribution of NuMA protein is equivalent to that in human cells. These results suggest that the human gene coding for NuMA protein, unlike other genes coding for human specific nuclear proteins, can be expressed in human/hamster hybrid cells and that the cell hybrids will be useful in further characterization of NuMA protein. PMID- 7004647 TI - [Infusion of glucose and galactose in newborns of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers and the effect on metabolism and insulin levels]. PMID- 7004648 TI - Sensitivity and specificity in enzyme immunoassay of testosterone. PMID- 7004652 TI - [Privileged links uniting Greek and French ophthalmology]. PMID- 7004653 TI - [Keratoplasty in corneal lesions of traumatic origin]. PMID- 7004650 TI - [Heterotopic homograft of the rat stomach: microsurgical technic]. AB - More than by a practical viewpoint, the experimental graft of stomach is very useful like model for the study of gastrointestinal physiopathology. Starting from these considerations the AA. have set up a new method for the execution of stomach heterotopic homograft in rat and they have studied the secretory activity without immuno-suppressed therapy. Not inbred rats have been used; their middle survival has been of 9,3 days. The secretion has been regular up to 5th-6th day; in the same time the AA. have made histopathologic studies on the transplanted stomachs of animals that had been sacrificed at programmed intervals of time, which have outlined the progressive growth of a reaction of intense immunological rejection. PMID- 7004654 TI - Age group swimming: a multi-disciplinary review of the literature. PMID- 7004651 TI - [Orthotopic homograft of the rat stomach: microsurgical technic]. AB - The principal aim of this study is to set up a new microsurgical technique that can be reproducible easily for the execution of orthotopic homograft of stomach in rat. The vascularization of homograft is given, for arterial district by a termino-terminal anastomosis between celiac artery of donor and right renal artery of receiving, and, for venous district, by a termino-lateral anastomosis between portal vein of donor and vena cava of receiving. The middle survival of rats that were had a graft, in this first stage of research, has been of 3 days, therefore it hasn't't been possible to look into the function of graft. PMID- 7004655 TI - Sprint start reaction time: should one attend to the input or the output or does it matter? AB - The advice most compatible with the experimental literature reviewed is to suggest that the performer's attention be directed toward response preparation, the level of which varies inversely with simple RT magnitude. Directing the individual's attention elsewhere, such as enforcing a sensory set via instructions or encouraging the performer to focus attention upon the details of response execution, serves to reduce response preparation degree, thereby prolonging RT and masking any facilitation effect which can be demonstrated when proper attentional instructions are given. PMID- 7004656 TI - Anxiety and the competitive swimmer. AB - The literature on anxiety states is reviewed and their contribution to swimming performance is discussed. Unresolved practical questions concern the coach's ability to predict performance based upon knowledge of trait and state anxiety levels respectively, previously exhibited by the competitor, and upon the former's ability to manipulate these traits beneficially. Particular techniques for reducing anxiety states are discussed although these remain equivocal and without a true research base. PMID- 7004649 TI - Effect of alloxan on the incorporation of uridine diphospho-D-galactose into cultured pancreatic endocrine cells of the rat. PMID- 7004657 TI - [Review of the literature on myoglobin in the development of exertion and aerobic training]. AB - The myoglobin has the property to store the oxygen at the level of the striated muscle. The histological study of the striated muscles proves that the distribution of myoglobin is neither uniform nor identical in all of the muscular fibres (slow twitch and fast twitch fibres). It has been shown that the myoglobin content increases with endurance training but the opposite effect (decrease) has not been formally demonstrated during a training based on short and explosive exercises. PMID- 7004658 TI - Enhanced sensitivity to endotoxin induced by the RE stimulant, glucan. AB - Pretreatment of rats with the RES stimulant, glucan, markedly increases their sensitivity to endotoxic shock. Intravenous administration of S. enteritidis endotoxin (10 micrograms/100 gm B.W.) produced a more severe shock in glucan pretreated rats than IV injection of 1 mg/100 gm B.W. of endotoxin in normal rats. Endotoxic shock in glucan-sensitized rats was associated with a precipitous increase in serum activity of lysosomal enzymes and a more severe hypoglycemic response. The shocked glucan-pretreated rats died before marked increases in plasma hepatocyte enzyme activity were apparent. Assessment of RE-phagocytic function with the 131I RE test-lipid emulsion revealed a rapid clearance and hepatic uptake of the emulsion in nonshocked glucan-control animals. This hyperphagocytic function, however, was abolished at two hours after injection of endotoxin. Hepatic ultrastructure in shocked glucan and normal rats revealed extensive sinusoidal changes. Hepatocytes, with the exception of a depletion of glycogen granules, were comparatively intact in the shocked-glucan group as opposed to the shocked control group. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone (60 mg/kg) protected the glucan-treated rats from endotoxin and was relatively more effective in diminishing the hypoglycemic response than preventing a loss of lysosomal integrity. Thus, despite the absence of overt ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, altered glucoregulation appears to be a significant factor in the enhanced sensitivity of glucan-pretreated rats to endotoxin. PMID- 7004659 TI - Intestinal vascular and central hemodynamic responses in the cat following i.v. infusion of live E coli bacteria. AB - Septic shock was induced in cats by i.v. infusion of live E. coli bacteria. The reactions of the series-coupled sections of the small intestinal vascular bed were followed continuously by a plethysmographic technique. Intestinal venous outflow was recorded using a drop counting technique. Intestinal venous outflow was recorded using a drop counting technique. The chest was opened and blood flow in the ascending aorta was followed electromagnetically. Pulmonary arterial blood pressure was recorded after direct cannulation. Following infusion of washed E. coli bacteria suspended in saline, a rapid early response was evident. This was characterized by arterial hypotension, unchanged aortic blood flow, pulmonary hypertension, and intestinal vasoconstriction. After 5-10 min a period of relative normalization followed. After 30-60 min a second phase, characterized by general circulatory deterioration, developed. The induced septic shock was initially characterized by a slight intestinal vasoconstriction. There was no accumulation of blood or fluid in the intestinal vascular bed; an isovolumetric state was thereby maintained in intestinal tissue throughout the experiments. PMID- 7004660 TI - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on endotoxin shock and endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in dogs. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a major metabolite of arachidonic acid and is synthesized in vascular endothelial cells. It is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a known vasodilator. Because of the effects of PGI2 on platelet function, this study was designed to determine the efficacy of prostacyclin in endotoxin shock and on endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation in dogs. Thrombocytopenia is characteristic of septic shock and is believed to be related to platelet clumping, and thereby, to participate in the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock. Twenty-four males dogs were given an LD50 dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/kg). Twelve of these animals were treated with PGI2 (20 ng/kg/min) by continuous infusion from 15 minutes before, and for 4 hours after the injection of endotoxin. Parameters determined were mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, platelet and white blood cell counts, and arterial blood gases. In animals given endotoxin alone, only 42% (5/12) survived, whereas, with PGI2 treatment, 83% (10/12) survived (P < 0.05). Prostacyclin therapy did not alter the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure, but did further decrease the mean systemic arterial pressure. There was a transient attenuation of the thrombocytopenia, and minimal effects on the granulocytopenia. Despite the fact that the PGI2-treated animals had greater decreases in blood pressures, 83% of the animals did survive. These findings suggest that PGI2 may have some protective effects in endotoxin shock. Serratia marcescens endotoxin caused dose-dependent platelet aggregation in canine platelet-rich plasma in vitro. Antiaggregating agents such as indomethacin (0.2-1 microgram/ml), and aspirin (0.2-1 microgram/ml), PGE1 (0.1-1 microgram/ml) and PGI2 (0.1-1 microgram/ml), added 1 minute before endotoxin (1 microgram/ml), had no apparent effect on the endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation. These findings suggest that endotoxin-induced platelet aggregation may be caused by a mechanism that is unrelated to cAMP and/or the arachidonic acid prostaglandin system. PMID- 7004661 TI - Professor Jack Pepys, Founder editor, Clinical Allergy. PMID- 7004663 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of leukemia. PMID- 7004665 TI - A single liquid-chromatographic procedure for therapeutic monitoring of theophylline, acetaminophen, or ethosuximide. AB - Simultaneous and semi-automated determinations of theophylline, acetaminophen, and ethosuximide from human serum are possible through use of a programmable autoinjector, an isocratic mobile phase, and reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column. To avoid salt damage to the valves and the fittings of the autoinjector and solvent pump, we used only volatile, ion-pairing buffers such as triethylamine/acetic acid or N ethylmorpholine/acetic acid at apparent pH 4.8 in acetonitrile/water (1/11 by vol). With this method we can separate theophylline, acetaminophen, and ethosuximide from 26 other drugs, metabolites, and related substances. Results by this procedure and the EMIT procedure for theophylline and ethosuximide in patient and control sera correlated well (r = 0.944 and 0.968, respectively). We conclude that this single chromatographic system reliably and economically yields analysis of three widely used therapeutic drugs on a routine or emergency basis. PMID- 7004662 TI - Standardization of allergen extracts by inhibition of RAST, skin test, and chemical composition. AB - Five allergen extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Lolium perenne, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium herbarum, obtained from four different manufacturers, were examined by inhibition of RAST, content of protein and carbohydrate, contents of phosphorylcholine (Pc) and tridacnin reactive components, and by skin test. Inhibition of RAST was used as a primary method for establishing allergenic potency and demonstrated wide variations for each preparation supplied by the different manufacturers. The extracts also varied widely in protein and carbohydrate content and in the ratio of these parameters, indicating internal heterogeneity. Pc content was significantly related to RAST potency for extracts of A. fumigatus and A. tenuis, suggesting that Pc content may be used as a primary standarization procedure for these extracts. Skin test reactions undertaken at a single concentration did not show any significant variation in weal size between preparations of a given allergen extract. However, of particular importance to practising clinicians is the finding that varying numbers of patients showed negative skin reactions to one preparation of a particular allergen yet were positive to the corresponding preparations supplied by the other companies. PMID- 7004664 TI - Melanoma detection by enzyme-radioimmunoassay of L-dopa, dopamine, and 3-O methyldopamine in urine. AB - This enzyme-radioimmunoassay for the measurement of L-dopa, dopamine, and 3-O methyldopamine is based on the incubation of urine in the presence of catechol-O methyltransferase, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine. The O-methylated dopamine metabolite formed, 3-O-methyldopamine, was characterized by radioimmunoassay. To evaluate the role of L-dopa metabolism in melanoma, we used the enzyme-radioimmunoassay to assess concentrations of L-dopa, dopamine, and 3-O-methyldopamine in urine from 10 healthy subjects, 10 hospitalized patients without melanoma and 28 patients with different degrees of melanoma. The effect of surgery for melanoma on urinary output of these catechols of melanoma patients was also evaluated. No significant difference in urinary L dopa, dopamine, and 3-O-methyldopamine excretion rates was seen between normal subjects (L-dopa 1.3 +/- 0.3, dopamine 147 +/- 38, and 3-O-methyldopamine 31.4 +/ 13.6 microgram/24 h), hospitalized patients without melanoma, and amelanotic melanoma patients. However, the excretion rates for these metabolites in melanotic melanoma (L-dopa 5.6 +/- 1.2, dopamine 555 +/- 121, and 3-O methyldopamine 178 +/- 40.3 microgram/24 h) were significantly (p < 0.005) higher than in control or amelanotic melanoma subjects. After surgery, there was a substantial decrease in urinary output of L-dopa and its metabolites by these patients. PMID- 7004666 TI - Diagnosis of self-induced hyperinsulinism in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient by radioimmunoassay of free C-peptide. AB - On the basis of results of simultaneous determinations of plasma free insulin and free c-peptide, episodes of hypoglycemia in an insulin-dependent diabetic were attributed to surreptitious self-administration of insulin. Immunoreactive c peptide values were falsely increased and diagnostically misleading when measured in unextracted plasma. After preliminary removal of antigen/antibody complexes from the plasma by extraction with polyethylene glycol, the c-peptide values, referred to as "free c-peptide," were suppressed. We suggest that insulin antibodies formed complexes with proinsulin-like material in the plasma of this patient, which accounted for most of the c-peptide immunoreactivity in her unextracted plasma. These complexes must be removed if c-peptide measurements are to be accurate. PMID- 7004667 TI - History of the Philadelphia Section, American Association for Clinical Chemistry. PMID- 7004668 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate activation of aminotransferases in serum of patients with kidney transplants. PMID- 7004670 TI - Extended clinical trial and evaluation of glucose determination with the Eastman Kodak Ektachem GLU/BUN Analyzer. AB - We followed the "abbreviated precision protocol" of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the evaluation of precision, accuracy, and carryover in analyses for glucose with the "Ektachem." We analyzed 760 clinical samples by this technique, by the FDA Proposed Class Standard glucose reference method, and with the Beckman System I GLU/BUN Analyzer. Precision and accuracy were estimated for 500, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 3000 mg/L glucose concentrations in 100, 30, or 20 microL of serum or plasma. Potential interference of 19 compounds was evaluated. Random error (1.965 X SD) was 22, 30, 34, 40, and 88 mg/L. Systematic error was 8, 1.5, -2, -5, and -27 mg/L. Total analytical error was 30, 32, 36, 46, and 110 mg/L for analysis of 100 microL of serum at the above-stated glucose concentrations. The greatest interference (-39 mg/L) in the glucose (at 1200 mg/L) determination was caused by L-ascorbate (40 mg/L). Glucose concentrations as determined with the Ektachem were found to be linearly related to the expected concentration up to at least 5660 mg/L. Carryover was not statistically significant. PMID- 7004671 TI - Patterns of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion after renal transplantation. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity (NAG) was assayed in 750 early morning urine samples from 25 renal transplant patients during the post operative period. Eighty four per cent of all acute rejection episodes were preceded or accompanied by a greater than two-fold rise in NAG activity; similar increases were caused by dialysis, gentamicin therapy and ureteric dehiscence. Only 9% of all significant increases in NAG excretion could not be accounted for by any of these four processes. Analysis of the day-to-day pattern of NAG activity as opposed to individual NAG values provided a clue to the occurrence of rejection during immediate post-transplantation oliguria. PMID- 7004669 TI - Investigation of captopril for methodological interferences in continuous-flow (SMAC) profiles. PMID- 7004672 TI - Purification of hapten-enzyme conjugates for enzymoimmunoassay. AB - Chromatography on hydroxyapatite, including a potassium phosphate linear-gradient elution, was applied to the purification of hapten-enzyme conjugates to be used as immunoenzymatic tracers (namely, progesterone, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin coupled to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). The method effectively removed unreacted enzyme and separated the conjugate classes according to the number of substitutions between enzyme linking groups and hapten derivatives. The adequacy of the chromatographic procedures in improving the analytical performance of the enzymatic tracer appears to depend on direct interdependence between the degree of substitution and the immunological properties of the conjugates. PMID- 7004673 TI - The EEG effects of tobacco smoking--a review. AB - In summary, smoking does produce obvious changes in EEG activity. Human studies have been limited to surface electrodes. These have provided evidence of the alpha, evoked potential, and CNV effects of smoking. Changes in alpha and evoked potential activity have been statistically analyzed across subjects. These analyses indicated statistically significant arousal effects. However, large individual differences in responding were observed but not analyzed. Analysis of individual data in the Ashton, et. al. (1974) study indicated some arousal effects and some sedative effects, depending on the personality characteristics of the individual subject. Differential effects might have been detected in other studies had individual subject data been adequately analyzed. In research with nonhuman subjects, nicotine and tobacco smoke produced cortical arousal and sometimes a biphasic effect of arousal followed by apparent sedation. Behavioral effects accompanied the cortical arousal, including eyelid opening, head movements, and eye movements. During the synchronization phase, crouching, low mobility, and closed eyes occurred. Both the limbic and reticular activating systems seem to be affected by nicotine and smoking with the hippocampus most noticeably affected. PMID- 7004674 TI - [An evaluation of Konsul Insulin Kit in the insulin radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004675 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay of insulin--fundamental and clinical studies of Insulotec Mochida (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004676 TI - [Comparison of insulin determination methods: enzyme-immunoassay and radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004677 TI - Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis: Highly variable expression within a family including cleft palate in two neonatal cases. AB - Cranial sclerosis with osteopathia striata was diagnosed in four members of a family in three generations. The expression of the gene varied from mild cranial enlargement to cranial abnormality associated with severe Pierre-Robin triad. The disorder was diagnosed prenatally in the most severely affected member of the family from the finding of an increased biparietal diameter of the fetal head on ultrasound examination. PMID- 7004679 TI - Captopril in mild and severe hypertension. AB - 1. Ten patients with mild essential hypertension and nine with severe treatment resistant hypertension were treated with captopril. 2. Supine blood lpressure was controlled in 9/10 patients with mild hypertension (four with addition of propranolol). 3. There was no correlation between blood pressure fall and initial plasma renin concentration in patients with mild hypertension. 4. Captopril (plus diuretic and/or propranolol) controlled only 4/9 patients with severe hypertension. 5. Four patients developed reversible dysgeusia and one a skin rash. PMID- 7004678 TI - Tienilic acid in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. AB - 1. A double-blind crossover trial comparing the antihypertensive effect of tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide was conducted in thirty-eight patients with mild to moderate hypertension. 2. Tienilic acid was shown to be as effective as hydrochlorothiazide in controlling blood pressure. 3. Tienilic acid acid significantly lowered serum uric acid levels compared with both placebo and hydrochlorothiazide. 4. Tienilic acid was generally well tolerated but one patient developed acute renal failure due to acute allergic interstitial nephritis whilst taking the drug. PMID- 7004681 TI - Stimultion by angiotensin of prostacyclin biosynthesis in rats and dogs. AB - 1. Stimulation of prostanoid release by angiotensins (AI and AII) in rat isolated mesenteric vasculature and in the circulation of anaesthetized dogs has been investigated by bioassay. 2. AI and AII released a PGI2-like substance into rat mesenteric effluent and arterial blood of dogs; PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or TXA2 were not detected. 3. AI stimulated PGI2 release in both systems largely as a result of its conversion to AII, since PGI2 release was much reduced after treatment with captorpril. 3. AI stimulated PGI2 release in both systems largely as a result of its conversion to AII, since PGI2 release was much reduced after treatment with captopril. 4. Intravenous AII (0.02-1.0 microgram kg-1min-1) in dogs released PGI2 mainly from the lungs since right atrial blood contained much less than arterial blood. 5. Indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) abolished AII-induced PGI2 release from the memestery preparation, but intravenous idomethacin (10 mg/kg), meclofenamate (2 mg/kg) or aspirin (100 mg/kg) did not eliminate the pulmonary source of PGI2 in dogs. These findings highlight the dangers of assuming in vivo treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors abolished biosynthesis of all prostanoids. PMID- 7004680 TI - Acute changes in blood pressure and vasoactive hormones after captopril in hypertensive patients. AB - 1. The acute effects of captopril on blood pressure, renin, angiotensin, bradykinin and catecholamines were examined in patients with essential (n = 10, Group 1), accelerated (n = 6, Group 2) and renal hypertension (n = 14, Group 3). 2. Blood pressure showed little change in Group 1, fell significantly in Group 2, with a marked fall in Group 3. Heart rate did not change. 3. The fall in blood pressure was positively correlated with pretreatment renin and angiotensin II. 4. Angiotension II fell, with reciprocal increases in renin and angiotensin I. No changes occurred in bradykinin or catecholamines. 5. The rise in renin after captopril was greatest in renovascular hypertension which may prove useful as a screening test for such patients. PMID- 7004682 TI - Hypotensive effects of captopril administered centrally in intace conscious spontanously hypertensive rats and peripherally in anephric anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. The hypotensive response to captopril in anaesthetized spontanously hypertensive rats (SHR) is not modified by bilateral nephrectomy performed 1 or 24 h previously. 2. Intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of captopril (2 mg kg-1) significantly lowered blood pressure of conscious SHR over a 7-h period of observation but there was no significant blood pressure response to i.c.v. vehicle, or to intravenous captopril (2 mg kg-1) in SHR. 3. There was no significant blood pressure response to captopril (2 mg kg-1) i.c.v. in the normotensive Wistar Kyoto controls (NT-WK). 4. These results indicate that captopril can lower the blood pressure of SHR by mechanisms independent of the kidneys or the circulating renin-angiotensin system. 5. The hypotensive effect of central captopril in SHR but not in the NT-WK suggests biochemical differences between the brains of the two rat strains. PMID- 7004683 TI - Drug-induced agranulocytosis. AB - Drug-induced agranulocytosis is relatively rare. It is a heterogeneous disorder in pathogenetic terms, not surprisingly in view of its idosyncratic nature. Indeed, one drug might cause agranulocytosis by different mechanisms in different patients. Recent investigations suggest that there are at least three mechanisms by which it can be produced, namely differences in drug pharmacokinetics, abnormal sensitivity of myeloid precursors, and adverse immune responses to drug administration. Genetic factors are important and could act via any of the above. Examples have been reported where one drug has been shown to cause damage at different levels of neutrophil development in one patient, and others where the drug acted at different sites in different patients. Any drug is potentially capable of toxicity and should be viewed with suspicion in the appropriate context. Drug-induced agranulocytosis is usually a self-limiting condition (provided toxic drugs are withdrawn) with complete resolution within two weeks. However, the mortality rate during the acute phase is high, and therefore prompt supportive therapy with isolation and broad-spectrum antibiotics for infection are mandatory during periods of severe neutropenia. The place of granulocyte transfusions in this disorder has not yet been established, and needs to be decided in each individual case. PMID- 7004684 TI - Drug-induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7004685 TI - Eosinophilia and allergic reactions to drugs. PMID- 7004686 TI - Antithrombotic drugs in relation to prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 7004687 TI - Drug-induced oxidative haemolysis. PMID- 7004688 TI - Drug-induced mitochondrial damage and sideroblastic change. PMID- 7004689 TI - Experimental drug-induced aplastic anaemia. PMID- 7004692 TI - Cold sitz baths for relief of postpartum perineal pain. PMID- 7004690 TI - Drug-induced aplastic anaemia: clinical aspects. PMID- 7004693 TI - Lactation suppression. AB - In spite of a very recent upsurge in breast-feeding in industrialized countries, approximately one-half of parturients are candidates for postpartum lactation suppression. The mechanisms controlling lactation are complex and involve preparation of the breast during pregnancy, stimulation of secretion of milk in the immediate postpartum period, ejection of milk from the alveolar cells, and maintenance of milk production during the period od lactation. The local effects of estrogen and progesterone in the breast prevent milk secretion during pregnancy. With their withdrawal in the postpartum period, the stimulating effect of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin dominates and milk secretion is initiated and maintained. Milk ejection is accomplished by a neurohormonal reflex resulting in stimulation of the myoepithelial cells of the breast by the posterior pituitary hormone oxytocin. Local stimulation of the breast by suckling is important in initiating the release of oxytocin and also the secretion of prolactin. The suppression of lactation in the postpartum period can be accomplished in approximately 60--70% of females by the use of a tight brassiere and avoidance of stimulation of the nipples. An additional 10% or so of females can be helped with the use of estrogens during the postpartum period. The addition of an androgen to the estrogen increases the success rate of lactation suppression to about 90%. Unfortunately, the use of estrogen alone or in combination with an androgen is accompanied by rebound lactation in a significant number of patients and has been associated with an increased incidence of postpartum thromboembolic disease. Lactation suppression by inhibiting prolactin secretion with synthetic ergot alkaloids such as bromocriptine has been shown to be safe and highly effective both immediately post partum and after lactation has been established. The 2 week period of therapy required with this drug may be unsatisfactory for some patients. If given immediately at delivery, a single injection of testosterone enanthate and estradiol valerate is equally effective in suppressing lactation and, in the young patient who has delivered vaginally, is not associated with significant risk. PMID- 7004691 TI - Puerperal infections. PMID- 7004695 TI - Family planning in the postpartum period. PMID- 7004697 TI - Postpartum depression. PMID- 7004694 TI - Returning to breast-feeding. PMID- 7004696 TI - The postpartum period: after confinement: the fourth trimester. PMID- 7004703 TI - Principles and instrumentation of microsurgery. PMID- 7004700 TI - Routine neonatal circumcision: a surgical anachronism. PMID- 7004699 TI - The perinatal autopsy: special considerations. PMID- 7004701 TI - Introduction to microsurgery. PMID- 7004704 TI - Postoperative adhesions: etiology, prevention, and therapy. PMID- 7004705 TI - Cornual occlusion and its microsurgical reconstruction. PMID- 7004702 TI - Anatomy and physiology of the fallopian tube. PMID- 7004698 TI - Managing perinatal loss. PMID- 7004706 TI - Salpingostomy: microsurgical technique and results. PMID- 7004708 TI - The impact of microsurgery in gynecology. AB - Reconstructive microsurgery has been associated with significantly improved results in infertility. These techniques have made the gynecologist much more conscious of peritoneal trauma and of postoperative adhesions. It has enabled the appreciation of normal and pathologic fine morphologic details. The assimilation of microsurgical principles into gynecology will provide its major benefit in terms of prophylaxis. A pelvic laparotomy in the female infant, adolescent, or young woman will aim at conservation and the avoidance of trauma, postoperative adhesions, and future reduction of fertility. Microsurgery enables a tubal transplantation. Although this is feasible today in a homozygous twin, the wider application of this procedure must await necessary progress in immunology. Microsurgical techniques are required for extracorporeal fertilization. In the not too distant future, microsurgery will become an integral part of fertility promoting procedures. There will no longer be the need to qualify "microsurgery" since "fertility surgery" will simply imply "fertility microsurgery." PMID- 7004707 TI - Fallopian tube transplantation and its future. PMID- 7004709 TI - The puerperium: anatomic and physiologic readjustments. PMID- 7004710 TI - Postpartum hemorrhage and shock. PMID- 7004711 TI - Anterior cervical fusion using vertical self-locking T-graft. AB - Ninety-three patients with persistent signs and symptoms of cervical disk disorder resistant to conservative therapy were treated surgically by anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with a vertical self-locking T-graft. This surgical technique offers the following mechanical and physiological advantages: the load-bearing capability of the cortices of the vertical graft supports the cortices of the adjacent vertebral bodies, and prevents anterior wedging postoperative structural collapse; the surgical removal of the cartilaginous end plate and intimate relation between the cancellous bone of the graft and the vertebrae promotes early fusion; the posteriorly positioned prongs of the graft present extrusion; the posterior cortex and posterior longitudinal ligament are not removed, thus minimizing the spinal cord injuries. In a two- to ten-year follow-up, 90% of the patients obtained an excellent of good result. Those with a single level of fusion obtained a far better end result. Complications among these 93 patients were relatively minimal: no instance of anterior collapse or wedging, no evidence of extrusion, no wound or disk space infection, and no neurologic complications occurred. The author recommends this approach when managing selected patients. PMID- 7004712 TI - Giant-cell tumor of bone: an historical perspective. AB - The history of giant-cell tumor of bone includes important contributions by a group of scientists as distinguished as Lebert, Paget, Nelaton, Robin, Gross, Bloodgood, Ewing, and Jaffe. Various concepts of the origin and role of the osteoclast-like giant cell constitute the basis for present understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of the tumor. Giant-cell tumor of bone, as well as other bone tumors, must be considered as a clinical-radiologic-pathologic entity. Progress in the understanding of bone tumors has been made only when the use of special research techniques have been coupled with close clinical observation. The treatment of giant-cell tumor requires the collaboration of experts in orthopedic surgery, pathology and radiology. PMID- 7004715 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux. A review. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may produce vomiting, failure to gain weight, esophagitis, heartburn, or pulmonary symptoms. Medical or surgical management depends on the severity of the symptoms. Newer diagnostic procedures such as esophageal manometry, esophageal pH probes, and nuclear scans may confirm the presence of GER. The mechanism by which GER produces different symptoms is not well understood. PMID- 7004720 TI - Circulating prostacyclin concentrations may be increased by bendrofluazide in patients with essential hypertension. AB - 1. A within-patient randomized double-blind crossover study was performed on mechanisms of action of bendrofluazide in mild essential hypertension. Significant reductions in lying, standing and post-exercise blood pressure were seen after both 3 days and 10 weeks treatment with bendrofluazide (10 mg daily). 2. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the chemical hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, were significantly increased by both 3 days and 10 weeks therapy with bendrofluazide. This raises the possibility that thiazides may reduce peripheral resistance by increasing prostacyclin biosynthesis. PMID- 7004713 TI - Multidrug chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. AB - A review of the steps by which the current adjuvant chemotherapy programs for osteosarcoma (COMPADRI-V) evolved over the past 19 years indicates that among the important concepts incorporated into the program are demonstration of antitumor activity of each component, adequate evaluation of patient tolerance of the treatment regimen, progressive improvement in documented treatment results, and concomitant utilization of pharmacokinetic information. The current program utilizes intensified high-dose methotrexate and Adriamycin courses and preoperative chemotherapy. The regimen has permitted ready amalgamation of limb salvage programs. The success of these approaches is emphasized by the overall survival rate of 79% at three years for the patients with osteosarcoma treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital. PMID- 7004714 TI - The classic: Epiphyseal chondromatous giant cell tumors of the upper end of the humerus: Ernest Amory Codman. PMID- 7004719 TI - Diminished urinary prostacyclin metabolite in essential hypertension. AB - 1. Urinary excretion rate of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), a stable nonenzymatic transformation product of prostacyclin (PGI2), was measured in 13 patients with sustained essential hypertension and in nine normotensive control subjects by a specific radioimmunoassay. 2. Patients with essential hypertension had significantly lower 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion rates irrespective of their sex, but in both groups urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was lower in females. 3. Sodium excretion was significantly correlated with urinary 6-keto PGF1 alpha only in hypertensive subjects. There was also a positive correlation between 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and urine volume in control subjects and in hypertensive patients. 4. If diminished urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha reflects suppressed endogenous PGI2 production, a deficiency in this important vasodepressor substance in essential hypertension may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7004717 TI - Interactions of prostaglandins with the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems. AB - 1. Prostaglandins together with the kallikrein-kinin system comprise a major vasodepressor system. 2. Prostaglandins can antagonize the actions of pressor hormones and the adrenergic nervous system. They aslo contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of kinins by enhancing the vasodilator and diuretic natriuretic actions of the peptide. 3. Deficiency of the vasodepressor system may lead to hypertension without any increase in the basal activity of the blood pressure-elevating system. 4. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous systems evoked by stressful stimuli enhances prostaglandin synthesis, which protects organ function from excessive effects of angiotensins and catecholamines. 5. Several findings preclude unqualified acceptance of prostacyclin as the only important vascular prostaglandin: first, in some blood vessels prostacyclin is not the principal product of enzymic transformation of the cyclic endoperoxides. Secondly, prostaglandin E2, which is also synthesized in the vascular wall, may be the principal modulator prostaglandin. Lastly, prostacyclin may be transformed by some tissues to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1, a more stable product having similar biological potency. 6. Synthesis of prostaglandins by the kidney is important to mechanisms which control renin release and renal vascular resistance. PMID- 7004718 TI - Intrarenal conversion of prostaglandin F2 alpha into prostaglandin E2 and renin release in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - 1. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit medium at constant pressure. 2. When prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was infused into these kidneys at 0.1 mumol/l (final concentration) PGF2 alpha-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) could be identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3. The extent of this conversion of PGF2 alpha into PGE2 during passage through the kidney is dependent on the salt history of the rats from which the kidneys were taken for perfusion: kidneys from rats kept on normal diet converted 10%, those from rats on a low sodium diet 5% and those from rats kept on a high sodium diet 11%. 4. These differences in conversion can account for the different increases in renin release after PGF2 alpha infusion in these groups. PMID- 7004716 TI - Dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion is independent of the renin angiotensin system in rats. AB - 1. In rats, intra-arterial metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, resulted in an elevation of plasma aldosterone at 5 min and plasma renin activity at 10 min and peak aldosterone and renin responses at 10 and 30 min respectively. 2. Pre administration of L-dopa blunted and delayed aldosterone and renin responses to metoclopramide, indicating that metoclopramide-induced plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity increments are mediated by a direct effect of blockade of dopamine receptors rather than other effects of this drug. 3. Pre-administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14 225) and the angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, as well as bilateral nephrectomy did not significantly affect the aldosterone response to metoclopramide, Thus dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion occurs independently of alterations in the renin-angiotensin system. 4. Modulating effects of dopamine on plasma aldosterone are probably mediated by direct effects as well as by interaction with other factors influencing aldosterone secretion at the adrenal zona glomerulosa. PMID- 7004721 TI - Role of prostaglandin in the antihypertensive mechanism of captopril in low renin hypertension. AB - 1. The role of endogenous prostaglandins in the antihypertensive mechanism of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was investigated. 2. An unequivocal reduction in blood pressure and significant increase in plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandin E excretion were found after the captopril administration. 3. The changes in blood pressure, plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandin E excretion induced by captopril were reversed after the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin. However, the responses in low renin hypertension were different from those in normal renin hypertension. 4. In low renin hypertensive patients who responded to captopril, the hypotensive effect was abolished after th addition of indomethacin, whereas no marked change in blood pressure was induced by indomethacin in normal renin hypertensive patients. In contrast, plasma renin activity was markedly increased after captopril administration in normal renin hypertension, and no significant change was found in low renin hypertension. 5. Potentiation of the prostaglandin system seems to be a principal factor in the antihypertensive mechanism of captopril in low renin hypertension, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system is important in normal renin hypertensives. 6. The increase in renin release after the administration of captopril was inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting that an endogenous prostaglandin system may contribute to the short feedback mechanism of renin release. PMID- 7004722 TI - Influence of sodium on experimental renovascular hypertension in rats. AB - 1. Rats on normal sodium diet (group 1) and on chronically maintained low sodium diet (group 2) were studied during a control period, after clipping the renal artery (two-kidney, one-clip hypertension) and after nephrectomy (one-kidney, one clip hypertension). 2. The low sodium diet neither prevented the development nor changed the severity of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, and the latter was not accompanied by an increase in plasma renin activity. 3. After nephrectomy arterial pressure further increased and plasma renin activity decreased in group 1, and both remained unchanged in group 2. 4. Blood volume was the same in both groups 10 days before and 10 days after nephrectomy. 5. Sodium does not seem to be 'necessary' in the two-kidney, one-clip hypertension although it may play an enhancing role in the one-kidney model. PMID- 7004723 TI - Effect of moderate salt restriction and high potassium intake on pressor hormones, response to noradrenaline and baroreceptor function in man. AB - 1. Twenty-one normotensive subjects were studied to assess any possible benefits of moderate salt restriction and of high potassium intake in the prevention of hypertension in man. 2. The effects of salt reduction from 200 to 50 mmol/day and/or of an increase of potassium intake from 80 to 200 mmol/day over a 2 week period, on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, renin and aldosterone, were measured both at rest and after mental stress. The effects of graded infusion of noradrenaline on blood pressure and heart rate were also studied. 3. Salt restriction lessened the increase of blood pressure during noradrenaline infusion; the combination with high potassium intake also reduced the pressure rise after mental stress. There were no major changes in plasma levels of vasopressin and adrenaline. Plasma noradrenaline increased during the low sodium diet. 4. High potassium intake improved baroreceptor function as revealed by the greater decrease in heart rate for a given rise in pressure after noradrenaline infusion. 5. The results of this study are compatible with a protective effect of a practicable low sodium/high potassium diet on the development of human hypertension. PMID- 7004725 TI - Interconversion between high- and low-molecular-weight forms of renin in dog kidney. AB - 1. The low-molecular-weight (40 000) form of renin was converted into the high molecular-weight (60 000) form of renin with sulphydryl oxidation, and the high molecular-weight form of renin was re-converted into the low-molecular-weight form with a reduction of disulphide bonds in the renal cortical homogenate of the dog. Therefore, the low- and high-molecular-weight forms of renin were interconvertible. 2. The formation of high-molecular-weight form of renin required a renin binding substance which was found to be included in the cytosol fraction of kidney cortex of the dog. 3. The renin binding substance of the dog was unstable to heat and low pH, but vitally resistant to Triton X-100 and chloroform. It did not bind to concanavalin A Sepharose 4B. 4. The renin binding substance was eluted in the molecular-weight region between 156 000 and 60 000 on Sephadex G-200, and such apparent molecular weight was not altered by urea at 4 mol/l; thus molecular weight greater than the theoretically expected value of 20 000 was indicated. PMID- 7004724 TI - Renin precursor and its activation mechanism in hog kidney. AB - 1. A completely inactive renin was isolated from hog kidney extract by affinity chromatography on pepstatin-aminohexyl-Sepharose and on an Affi-Gel Blue column. 2. This inactive renin had a molecular weight of 43 000 +/- 1500 as determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44. Upon activation with trypsin, its molecular weight fell to 41 000 +/- 1400. 3. The inactive renin lacked the ability to bind renin-binding substance whereas trypsin-activated renin was able to bind the renin-binding protein and to form high-molecular-weight renin. 4. Chymotrypsin as well as trypsin could activate the inactive renin although less effectively. 5. The active renins generated from the inactive renin by the action of different proteolytic enzymes differed in their net charge, reflecting the specificities of the proteases used; the isoelectric points of the native, the trypsin-activated and the chymotrypsin-activated forms of renin occurred at pH 5.3, 5.1 and 4.8 respectively. PMID- 7004727 TI - Plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity at birth and during the first days of life. AB - 1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure. PMID- 7004728 TI - Active and inactive renin in individual juxtaglomerular apparatuses. AB - 1. Renin was measured in individual juxtaglomerular apparatuses before and after acidification in vitro. 2. Active renin increased with delivery of extra sodium by microperfusion to the macula densa and this increase was similar to that achieved with acidification. 3. In rats pretreated with an inhibitor of protein synthesis active renin increased when extra sodium was delivered to the macula densa. 4. Salt intake changed the amount of renin present in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. In rats on a high salt intake the total renin was low and was all in an active form. PMID- 7004726 TI - An inactive, prorenin-like substance in human kidney and plasma. AB - 1. Plasma prorenin (inactive renin), which accounts for about 70% of the total renin in human plasma, was almost completely separated from active renin by affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3G-A-agarose. The slight residual renin activity present in the prorenin peak can be removed on concanavalin A-Sepharose, demonstrating that prorenin is completely inactive. 2. The renin activity of both human renal cortical extract and renal perfusate increased after incubation with trypsin. This trypsin-activable renin accounted for 15 and 40% of the total renin in extract and perfusate respectively. 3. Trypsin-activable renin from both renal extract and renal perfusate was, like plasma prorenin, almost completely separated from active renin on Cibacron blue F3G-A-agarose. After additional chromatographic steps, the trypsin-activable renin from renal cortical extract was found to be completely inactive. 4. We conclude that human kidney contains, and is able to release, a trypsin-activable renin that resembles plasma prorenin. It may differ from many of the 60 000 molecular-weight forms of renin previously identified in renal extracts, since these possess considerable intrinsic renin activity and probably represent a complex of renin with a binding protein. PMID- 7004729 TI - Role of haemodynamics, catecholamines and renin in acute hypercalcaemic hypertension in man. AB - 1. The effect of acute hypercalcaemia on blood pressure, blood volume, haemodynamic indices, plasma catecholamines, renin and aldosterone levels was investigated in 10 patients. 2. Calcium infusion (15 mg/kg over 3 h) increased (P < 0.05) plasma calcium and adrenaline levels, blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and packed cell volume. Plasma volume was decreased, and heart rate, cardiac output and plasma renin, aldosterone or dopamine levels were not significantly changed. Plasma noradrenaline was increased only minimally after 3 h of calcium infusion. 3. Mean blood pressure before and during calcium infusion correlated with concomitant serum calcium (r = 0.39; P < 0.02) or adrenaline levels (r = 0.57; P < 0.01); changes in blood pressure correlated with variations in plasma adrenaline (r = 0.68; P < 0.001). 4. Acute hypercalcaemic hypertension is mediated by an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and may be induced by a direct effect of calcium on blood vessels. The calcium-mediated increase in adrenaline release may play a contributory, and plasma volume contraction an inhibitory, role. PMID- 7004730 TI - A comparison of multiple forms of renin in rat renal perfusate with those in renal extract. AB - 1. Physicochemical properties of renin secreted by isolated perfused rat kidney were examined and the results compared with those obtained for the renin in renal extract. 2. In renal extract, two high-molecular-weight renins (molecular weight 65 000 and 55 000) and one low-molecular-weight renin (molecular weight 39 000) were found. Their relative proportion varied depending on extraction conditions. By acidification, high-molecular-weight renins were converted into low-molecular weight renin without marked changes in activity. 3. In renal perfusate only low molecular-weight renin was found after renin stimulation by isoprenaline or anoxia. Inactive renin was not found. 4. Renin in renal extract and perfusate samples were both found to consist of at least four isoenzymes having different isoelectric points (pI). The pI patterns were identical in renal extract and perfusate samples: pI 5.7 (60-70%), 5.5 (15-25%), 5.3 (5-10%) and 5.0-5.2 (2-5%). 5. These results indicate that the native renin secreted by rat kidney consists entirely of the low-molecular-weight and active form comprising multiple isoenzymes with a stable pI pattern. PMID- 7004733 TI - Total body potassium falls with age. AB - 1. Plasma volume, 24 h urine sodium and total body potassium were similar among 89 previously untreated patients with mild hypertension and 89 control subjects matched for age and sex. 2. Total body potassium correlated with renin activity in both hypertensive patients and controls. 3. Renin activity and total body potassium fell significantly with age in both groups. 4. The relationship between renin and total body potassium was no longer present when the effects of age were allowed for in a partial correlation. PMID- 7004732 TI - Immunochemical differences between angiotensin I-forming enzymes in man. AB - 1. Human plasma, amniotic fluid and acidified amniotic fluid were incubated at pH 5.5 with the same concentrations of human plasma renin substrate and rat plasma renin substrate. They produced three to eight times more angiotensin I with human than with rat renin substrate. By contrast, human brain extracts generated 20 times more angiotensin I when incubated with rat plasma renin substrate than with human plasma renin substrate. 2. Serial dilutions of anti-(human renin) antibody inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of angiotension I when plasma, amniotic fluid and brain extracts were incubated with human plasma renin substrate. They also inhibited the production of angiotensin I when plasma and amniotic fluid were incubated with rat plasma renin substrate. They were ineffective on the angiotensin I generation by human brain extracts acting on rat plasma renin substrate. 3. Affinity chromatography on an haemoglobin-Sepharose gel separated the fraction of brain extract acting on human renin substrate and inhibited by anti-(human renin) antiserum; this was not retained on the gel at pH 3.3. Part of the angiotensin I-forming activity detected by rat renin substrate hydrolysis was not retained on the gel and part was eluted at pH 8.5. These angiotensin I-forming activities did not hydrolyse human renin substrate, and were not neutralized by anti-(human renin) antibody. 4. These results demonstrate that a renin, immunochemically identical with renal, plasma amd amniotic fluid renin, is present in the human brain. Other angiotensin I-forming activity, acting on an heterologous substrate at a more acidic pH, is also present in human brain. PMID- 7004731 TI - Haemodynamics of stable renal transplant recipients. AB - 1. Haemodynamics, blood volume, plasma renin concentration and creatinine clearance were evaluated in 24 stable renal transplant recipients. 2. The mean cardiac index of the transplant recipients was not different from that of the normal subjects. 3. The transplant recipients comprised eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. The mean cardiac index was the same in eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. Thus the hypertension of stable renal transplant recipients is sustained by a high total peripheral resistance. 4. The mean blood volume, plasma renin concentration and creatinine clearance were similar in eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. Therefore the hypertension of stable renal transplant recipients is not related to blood volume expansion, elevated peripheral renin or low creatinine clearance. The cause of the elevated total peripheral resistance in hypertension in stable renal transplant recipients remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7004735 TI - Metoprolol in diabetes mellitus: effect on glucose homeostasis. AB - 1. In eight hypertensive diabetic subjects receiving hydrochlorothiazide, glucose homeostasis as measured by the changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon after an oral glucose load was not significantly affected by 8 weeks of therapy with metoprolol. 2. The combination of metoprolol plus hydrochlorothiazide significantly lowered blood pressure in all subjects. 3. Plasma renin activity was suppressed by therapy with metoprolol. PMID- 7004734 TI - Identification of renin and renin-like enzymes in rat brain by a renin-specific antibody. AB - 1. The major angiotensin I-generating activity of rat brain extracts has a pH optimum different from that of renal renin and is not inhibited by renin specific antibody. 2. Affinity chromatography utilizing renin specific antibody, pepstatin and alpha-casein yielded fractions that resembled renal renin more closely with respect to antibody inhibition and pH optimum as well as an absence of the ability to hydrolyse haemoglobin. 3. We conclude that rat brain contains a host of enzymes with angiotensin I-generating activity including acid and neutral proteases and an enzyme with the immunochemical identity of renal renin. The biosynthetic origins of this renin-like protein remain uncertain. PMID- 7004736 TI - Renin in rat and mouse brain: immunohistochemical identification and localization. AB - 1. Localization of renin in rat and mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical methods with specific anti-renin antibodies. 2. Renin containing neuronal cells were found in the medulla oblongata, cerebellar nuclei and hypothalamus. Purkinje cells contained renin. 3. Glia-like cells contained renin. Some of them are closely associated with vascular walls and these vascular walls were renin positive. 4. The pineal gland, adenohypophysis and choroid plexus contained renin. 5. The extensive distribution of renin suggests functions other than those which have been associated with the hypothalamus. PMID- 7004737 TI - Brain angiotensin II stimulates release of pituitary hormones, plasma catecholamines and increases blood pressure in dogs. AB - 1. The mechanisms of central angiotensin II blood pressure effects in conscious dogs on normal or sodium-deficient diets were examined. 2. The biosynthesis of brain angiotensin II in cerebrospinal fluid from its local precursor angiotensinogen was induced in vivo by injection of 0.5 unit of hog kidney renin through a chronically implanted cannula into the third brain ventricle in conscious dogs. 3. Intracerebroventricular administration of renin induced an increase of arterial blood pressure and a marked drinking response under both dietary regimens. Sodium restriction had no effect on the magnitude of the central angiotensin pressor response. 4. Plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II decreased, and plasma antidiuretic hormone, noradrenaline, adrenaline and corticosterone increased, in both groups of dogs. 5. Simultaneous intraventricular administrations of captopril with renin inhibited the central renin effects. Intracerebroventricular injections of [Sar1, Val5, Ala8] angiotensin II alone increased plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations. 6. It is concluded that endogenous brain angiotensin II participates in central mechanisms of blood pressure regulation by the stimulation of the release of antidiuretic hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline. PMID- 7004738 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensin II and vasopressin in rat hypothalamus: evidence for production in the same neuron. AB - 1. By immunoperoxidase technique, immunoreactive angiotensin II (ANG II) was located in the cell bodies of many magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and their pathways to median eminence and posterior pituitary gland in the rat. 2. Like vasopressin and its neurophysin, but not oxytocin, ANG II was also found in parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. 3. Analysis of these peptides in the same magnocellular neurons reveals that ANG II is localized primarily in vasopressin cells. 4. Like vasopressin and its precursor, ANG II is deficient in homozygous Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus. 5. In adrenalectomized rats increases in vasopressin and its neurophysin in median eminence are associated with increases in ANG II. 6. The data suggest that the ANG II demonstrated shares antigenic determinants with the vasopressin precursor, or is regulated in a similar way to vasopressin in the same neurons. PMID- 7004740 TI - Angiotensin II and not sodium status is the major determinant of the agonistic/antagonistic balance of saralasin's actions. AB - 1. To study which factors determine the balance between the antagonistic and agonistic effects of the angiotensin II analogue [Sar1,Ala8]-angiotensin II (saralasin) in man, saralasin was infused in subjects on a 'normal' sodium intake (group 1) during sodium restriction with appropriately elevated plasma angiotensin II levels (group 2) and in sodium-restricted subjects in whom plasma angiotensin II was suppressed by converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (group 3). 2. The action of saralasin was agonistic in group 3, antagonistic in group 2 and variable in group 1. 3. For groups 1 and 2 together the saralasin induced changes of arterial pressure, of plasma aldosterone and of plasma renin were significantly related to control plasma angiotensin II but also the the 24 h urinary sodium excretion. When group 3 was included the changes remained significantly related to plasma angiotensin II but not to the urinary sodium excretion. 4. The results indicate that angiotensin II and not sodium status determines the agonistic/antagonistic balance of saralasin's actions. PMID- 7004739 TI - Angiotensin II in human cerebrospinal fluid may be an immunoassay artifact. AB - 1. Concentrations of angiotensin II (ANG II) were measured by radioimmunoassay in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from neurosurgical patients and patients having spinal anaesthesia. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of renin, renin substrate and ANG I were also measured. 2. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ANG II measured with antiserum 30/VI were low in neurosurgical patients (mean 6 pmol/l, range < 2 - 12 pmol/l, n = 7) and lower in spinal anaesthesia patients (mean 1 pmol/l, range < 2 - 4 pmol/l, n = 14) and unrelated to concurrent plasma concentrations of ANG II. 3. A second more sensitive immunoassay with ANG II antiserum 9/P gave higher cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ANG II in spinal anaesthesia patients (mean 15 +/- 1 pmol/l, n = 7, P < 0.01). 4. Paper chromatography showed that the ANG II immunoreactive material measured with antiserum 9/P was not ANG I, ANG II, ANG II-(2-8), ANG II-(3-8) or ANG II-(4-8). 5. The concentration of ANG I in cerebrospinal fluid was low (4 +/- 0.04 pmol/l, n = 7). No renin was detected (n = 32) and the concentration of renin substrate was 45 +/- 2.6 nmol/l (n = 24). 6. Much of the immunoreactive ANG II in human cerebrospinal fluid is an immunoassay artifact. PMID- 7004741 TI - Hypotensive effects of captopril, saralasin and bromocriptine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Neurosecretion of peptides from superfused neurohypophyses in vitro was inhibited by dopamine. 2. This inhibition was dose-dependent. 3. Intravenous injection of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats within 15 min. 4. Saralasin or captopril also lowered blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats, but progressively over a period of 3 h. 5. The results suggest that dopamine and angiotensin have opposite effects on the neurosecretion of vasopressin. 6. Vasopressin appears to be involved in maintenance of blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat but is apparently not the only factor. PMID- 7004742 TI - Captopril affects blood pressure equally in renovascular and essential hypertension and in the fluid-depleted anephric state. AB - 1. The haemodynamic effects of 100 mg of captopril in renovascular hypertension (n = 11), essential hypertension (n = 12) and the anephric state (n = 7) were compared. Brachial artery pressure was measured in all patients, and changes in right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac output were followed in renovascular and essential hypertension. Nephrectomized patients were studied before and after fluid withdrawal by ultrafiltration. 2. The pretreatment concentration of active renin in plasma was 100 +/- 24 mu-units/ml (mean +/- SEM) in renovascular hypertension, and 24 +/- 4 mu-units/ml in essential hypertension. In nephrectomized patients pretreatment renin was 1.7 +/- 0.3 mu-units/ml, and renin was unresponsive to withdrawal of 1.8 +/- 0.21 of body fluid. 3. The effects of captopril were maximal after 60-90 min. Mean arterial pressure after 90 min was lowered by 19 +/ 4% in renovascular hypertension, by 17 +/- 4% in essential hypertension and by 16 +/- 3% in fluid-depleted nephrectomized patients. These changes were not significantly different despite the marked differences in renin. Captopril had no effect on arterial pressure in the fluid-replete anephric state. 4. The effects of captopril on cardiac filling pressures and cardiac output in renovascular and essential hypertension were also not different. 5. It is concluded that the antihypertensive action of captopril may be largely independent of circulating renin. PMID- 7004744 TI - The renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system in the maintenance of blood pressure, aldosterone secretion and sodium balance in normotensive subjects. AB - 1. Captopril given for 5 days caused a fall in blood pressure in normotensive subjects. The percentage fall in mean supine pressure was greatest on a low sodium diet (10 mmol/day), 19.6%, least on a high sodium diet (350 mmol/day), 11%, and in between on a normal sodium diet (120 mmol/day), 16.5%. 2. Captopril caused a marked fall in plasma aldosterone in normal subjects on all three sodium intakes. 3. Captopril caused an increase in sodium excretion on the normal (120 mmol/day) and low (10 mmol/day) sodium diet but not the high sodium diet. 4. These results suggest that the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system is a normal mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and aldosterone secretion in normotensive man. The system may also be involved in the maintenance of sodium balance. 5. These results may lead to a better understanding of the role of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system in the maintenance or causation of high blood pressure in essential hypertension. PMID- 7004745 TI - [Value of the determination of the rapid hemoglobin fractions in the therapy of diabetics]. PMID- 7004743 TI - Long-term regulation of arterial pressure, glomerular filtration and renal sodium reabsorption by angiotensin II in dogs. AB - 1. This study was designed to quantify the role of angiotensin II in determining the chronic relationships between arterial pressure, renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion. 2. In six control dogs sodium balance was achieved during chronic increases in sodium intake from 5 to 495 mmol/day with small increases in arterial pressure (7mmHg), moderate increases in glomerular filtration rate (19%) and decreases in filtration fraction. Similar increases in sodium intake in dogs whose circulating levels of angiotensin II were fixed, due to a constant intravenous infusion of 4.85 pmol of angiotensin II min-1 kg-1, caused large increases in arterial pressure (42%), glomerular filtration rate (31%), filtration fraction and calculated renal sodium reabsorption above control. In six dogs whose angiotensin II formation was blocked by SQ 14 225, sodium balance at intakes of 5-80 mmol/day occurred at reduced arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction and sodium reabsorption although plasma aldosterone concentration was not substantially different from that in control dogs. At sodium intakes above 240 mmoL/day arterial pressure was not altered by SQ 14 225. 3. These data indicate that during chronic variations in sodium intake angiotensin II plays a major role, independently of changes in plasma aldosterone concentration, in allowing sodium balance without large fluctuations in glomerular filtration rate or arterial pressure. The mechanism whereby angiotensin II conserves sodium chronically is through increased sodium reabsorption, since steady-state sodium reabsorption was increased by angiotensin II and decreased by SQ 14 225. PMID- 7004747 TI - [Removal of non-absorbable sutures in digestive anastomoses, by means of endoscopy. Personal experience]. PMID- 7004746 TI - [Action of simfibrate on post-heparin lipoprotein lipase]. PMID- 7004748 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and therapy of hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7004749 TI - [Anti-inflammatory or antirheumatic agents? Pharmacological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs: comparative study. III]. PMID- 7004751 TI - [Diabetic polyneuropathy: considerations on 100 cases]. PMID- 7004750 TI - [A new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent in therapy of osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 7004752 TI - [Therapy of essential arterial hypertension. I]. PMID- 7004753 TI - [Therapeutic advances and rheumatic fever. Their influence on the spread and development of the disease]. PMID- 7004754 TI - [Insulin response and lipid and purine metabolic disorders in protodiabetes: evaluation of the changes induced with hypoglycemic drug treatment]. PMID- 7004755 TI - [Therapy of essential arterial hypertension. II]. PMID- 7004756 TI - [Therapy of essential arterial hypertension. III]. PMID- 7004757 TI - [Differential effects of insulin on glycemia, NEFA and ketone bodies in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7004758 TI - [Prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrences with a maintenance dosage of cimetidine]. PMID- 7004759 TI - [Clinical contribution to the study of pipemidic acid in urinary tract infections in a urology clinic]. PMID- 7004760 TI - [Medical therapy of tumors. III]. PMID- 7004761 TI - [Controlled clinical experiment with the topical use of 2-(3-benzoyl-phenyl) propionic acid at 3 different concentrations]. PMID- 7004762 TI - [Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derivatives in the therapy of chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 7004765 TI - Current literature on medical toxicology. PMID- 7004766 TI - Inside Medicaid. PMID- 7004764 TI - The toxic effects of alcohol on folate metabolism. PMID- 7004767 TI - Continuous cytotoxic T-cell lines. PMID- 7004768 TI - V(H) gene products allow specific communication among immunologic cell sets. PMID- 7004763 TI - Chloramphenicol toxicity: pathogenetic mechanisms and the role of the p-NO2 in aplastic anemia. PMID- 7004769 TI - Antibody production to antigen-specific factors. PMID- 7004770 TI - The genetic and cellular basis of regulation of the immune response to tumor antigens. AB - In this chapter I have dealt with the cellular and genetic basis of regulation of the immune response to tumor antigen. I have knowingly omitted discussion of effectors such as ADCC, NK, and B cells, since my own experience with such effectors relates primarily to early events associated with small-tumor inocula (Greenberg and Greene, 1976). In that model, NK and ADCC mechanisms, in which natural antibody and macrophages participate, are of importance and T cells are not. In the studies I have dealt with herein, more advanced tumor models have been evaluated. It is clear, I hope, from this chapter that understanding the pathways to immune-cell or Ts activation will provide the basis for applied immunotherapy techniques in the future. PMID- 7004772 TI - Luteolysis induced by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist is prevented by human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The superactive stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRh was administered intranasally to five healthy women in a daily dose of 600 microgram during two successive days of the mid-luteal phase. Both the basal serum progesterone levels and the length of the luteal phase were reduced, i.e. luteolysis occurred. Three women who were given additional treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a daily intramuscular dose of 1500 IU for 10 days, had increased basal progesterone levels and a prolongation of the luteal phase. Thus, HCG prevented the luteolytic effect caused by the LRH agonist. PMID- 7004771 TI - A comparative study of the clinical performance of two copper-releasing IUDs, Nova-T & Copper-T-200 in Lagos, Nigeria. AB - A non-randomised study was performed to compare the use-effectiveness of the Copper-T-200 and Nova-T intrauterine devices. It was found that generally, results compared favourably with other world-wide studies. No accidental pregnancies were experienced and no significant difference was found between the expulsion rate of the Nova-T (5.0) and that of the Copper-T-200 (6.5) and the removal rates for bleeding and pain, which were 1.5 and 3.8, respectively. The continuation rate for the Nova-T was 91.3 compared with 88.2 for the Copper-T. The total experience was based on 815 woman-months of use. PMID- 7004773 TI - Reduction of acute pulmonary hypertension by prostacyclin. AB - Acute pulmonary hypertension was produced in anaesthetized dogs by inflating a balloon in a major branch of the pulmonary artery. Intravenous infusion of prostacyclin lead to a dose-related decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure. Heart rate and cardiac output did not change significantly. There was a concomitant, but more variable decrease in the systemic arterial pressure. Respiratory rate increased significantly. It is concluded that prostacyclin may offer a therapeutic potential in diseases accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, when it is not associated with significant arterial hypotension. PMID- 7004774 TI - A critical review of electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of higher cortical functions. AB - Since Berger's original observations of alpha intensity reductions accompanying mental activity, studies have attempted to elucidate spontaneous (background) EEG correlates of complex mental functions in normal adults. These efforts have failed to develop a model that successfully relates EEG patterns to aspects of cognition. Representative studies are criticized, and guidelines of minimal criteria for conducting research in this area are presented. PMID- 7004777 TI - Early onset group B streptococcus neonatal septicemia and respiratory distress syndrome: characteristic features of assisted ventilation in the first 24 hours of life. AB - Clinical features and assisted ventilation (AV) aspects of 10 neonates with early onset group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia were compared with those of 12 randomly selected newborns with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Initial chest radiograph in the GBS group was interpreted as RDS in seven of 10 cases. Although 9 of the 10 neonates with early onset GBS were preterm, they were of a significantly higher mean birth weight (p < 0.01) and the mean gestational age (p < 0.005). The duration of rupture of fetal membranes was not significantly different between the two groups. Contrary to neonates with severe RDS, who gradually developed hypoxia necessitating AV, the neonates with early onset GBS required AV because of persistent apnea, shock, and respiratory insufficiency. During the first 24 h of life, neonates with early onset GBS were more acidotic, had significantly higher PaCO2 and lower PaO2 values, and required significantly higher peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) on the respirator (po < 0.01) while on AV, although the oxygen requirement was similar. PMID- 7004775 TI - The contractility of cardiac muscle. AB - The problem of defining and measuring contractility and inotropy of the cardiac sarcomere and of the whole heart are discussed. The mechanical techniques for deducing and controlling sarcomere lengths and the use of electron microscopy for measuring sarcomere lengths in chemically fixed preparations are compared with recent studies in which the lengths were measured directly with light microscopy of light diffraction. The consequences of muscle fiber buckling and sarcomere length inhomogeneity on the mechanical properties of the muscle are discussed. The relationship between muscle tension, passive and active sarcomere lengths, and the inotropic state of the muscle are reviewed. Possible explanations for the opposing views as to whether muscle length is an important determinant of the inotropic state of the muscle are considered. Isovolumic and ejection phase indices based on assumed and observed mechanical characteristics of the heart have been used to evaluate contractility. The validity of th assumptions and the advantages and disadvantages of each index are discussed. PMID- 7004776 TI - The origin of the T-wave. AB - Of all the features of the electrocardiogram, the T wave shows the earliest and most dramatic correlation with abnormalities of electrical behavior in the heart. Yet, it has remained difficult to make quantitative connections between the T wave and electrical activity in the heart at the cellular level. It is the purpose of this paper to review attempts at deriving T waves from a knowledge of the membrane electrical activity in the heart and the geometry and conductive properties of the heart and its surrounding medium. We first summarize the problem of calculating T-wave potentials on the body surface, based on physical laws. Next, we review the empirical conclusions that have been reached through observations of the T wave, including its connection with repolarization of the cell membrane, the distributed nature of the current source during the T wave, and the gradient in action potential duration responsible for the positive polarity of the normal T wave. Six quantitative models have been proposed for the T wave; we compare these models and comment on their accuracy and underlying assumptions. Finally, we discuss ideas that have been suggested for the membrane mechanism of repolarization and the T wave. PMID- 7004778 TI - Conference report of a workshop on the measurement of lung water. AB - Thirty-five investigators representing the fields of anatomy, anesthesiology, biophysics, chest medicine, nuclear medicine, pathology, physiology, radiology, and surgery met to discuss the current status and future direction of the measurement of extravascular lung water. This report was prepared by the co organizers and reviewed by the four session chairmen. PMID- 7004779 TI - Combination of CT and ultrasound in the retroperitoneum and pelvis examination. AB - The retroperitoneum and the pelvis are difficult areas to examine by conventional radiographic means. Pelvic ultrasound can distinguish cystic from solid masses, but is poor in defining tissue planes. Computed tomography (CT) easily detects calcifications, is rarely affected by overlying bowel gas, and usually demonstrates the mass with good definition of tissue planes. Although less accurate than ultrasound in distinguishing cystic from solid masses, CT is superior for demonstrating contiguous anatomical structures such as the rectum, bony pelvis, vertebral bodies, abdominal aorta, and inferior vena cava. Overlying bowel gas often precludes obtaining a diagnostic ultrasound examination of the retroperitoneum. In addition, ultrasound is unable to reproducibly demonstrate soft tissue relationships in the retroperitoneum as does CT. Both CT and ultrasound are capable of providing diagnostic information. Ultrasound can more easily distinguish cystic from solid masses, but CT may be better for determining the extent of disease. CT should become the procedure of choice for evaluation of the retroperitoneum. PMID- 7004780 TI - Biological determinants of radiation-induced human breast cancer. AB - This is the second in a three part series on the hypothetical risk from X-ray mammography. It will review those aspects of breast anatomy, histology, physiology, and pathology which are pertinent to radiation carcinogenesis. Radiation-induced breast cancers are histologically identical to the naturally occurring type in that they arise from the ductal epithelium and consist of a similar proportion of infiltrating and intraductal lesions. As indicated from mortality/incidence ratios, their prognosis is no worse, and may even be better, than that of naturally occurring lesions. Their location within the breast may depend on the distribution of absorbed radiation. Possible explanations for the increased resistance to radiation effect in women over 30 years of age at time of exposure will be evaluated. these include regression of the glandular target tissue, hormonal changes, and parity. Examples of age-related sensitivity and hormonal dependence in other radiation-induced human and animal tumors will be discussed. PMID- 7004781 TI - Usefulness of gallium imaging in the evaluation of lung cancer. AB - The current enthusiasm for gallium (Ga) citrate as a tumor imaging agent reflects the need of clinical medicine for a good tumor imaging agent. To date, Ga-67 is probably the best tumor imaging agent available for clinical use. Initially, Ga 67 was investigated for its bone scanning potential. In this process, in 1969, Edwards and Hayes accidentally found that Ga-67 concentrated in soft tissue tumors, mainly lymphomas, in patients. Later studies reported the clinical experience with Ga-67 concentration in many different tumor types. Great variation was noted in the ability of different tumors to concentrate Ga-67. However, Ga-67 was most consistently and reliably taken up in lung tumors, with sensitivities of Ga imaging positivity in lung cancer ranging from 85 to 95%. Within the lung cancer group, squamous cell carcinoma consistently has been much more reliably positive than adenocarcinoma or alveolar cell carcinoma. Subsequent studies on Ga-67 led to the recognition of its preferential concentration in inflammatory lesions and abscess. These reports resulted in the clinical application of Ga-67 imaging as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with suspected abscesses. Mechanisms of Ga localization in tumor and inflammatory lesions are not currently well understood. Electron microscopic studies have revealed some information regarding the intracellular localization of Ga, but the mechanism by which it is taken up by the cell remains unproven, although several explanations have been suggested. The biodistribution of Ga-67 is responsible for the great difficulty experienced in interpreting Ga images of the abdomen, mainly because of the normal of the normal excretion in the bowel. Clinical studies have shown that the Ga scan can be used in the workup of patients with lung cancer as a sensitive tool in excluding the presence of mediastinal metastases. In some institutions, a negative Ga mediastinal scan in the presence of positive Ga uptake in the presumed primary tumor in patients with lung cancers has been used in lieu of a staging mediastinoscopy. Data regarding the thresholds of various factors which determine visibility of a lung tumor by Ga-67 imaging have been described in some detail. The factors include lesion size, depth in tissue, gallium concentration in tumor relative to background, type of film and instrumentation used, and count rates obtained. The data suggest the need for very high radiopharmaceutical concentrations in small tumors relative to background activity for identification of the tumor on an image. PMID- 7004782 TI - New applications of cytologic techniques in cancer diagnosis. PMID- 7004783 TI - Surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Indications for operation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are now standardized as a result of the vast surgicaL experience that has been accumulated during the past 40 years. The surgical indications in Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis vary minimally with the anatomic distribution of either disease, and can be recognized easily in a particular patient. Consequently, decision or judgment regarding the need for operation is rarely difficult. Delaying operation on the basis of fear of recurrence of Crohn's disease is unrealistic because (1) indications for operation are complications of the disease that have not responded or cannot be expected to respond to medical treatment, (2) conservative resection primarily removes diseased bowel that will never return to normal, (3) many patients, perhaps 50%, will never have recurrence of disease, and (4) those who have recurrence will have experienced varying periods when they were free of disease and relieved of the serious complications for which their operations were performed. The value of surgery in the treatment of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis can be stated even more positively, because recurrence of disease is never a concern after proctocolectomy. PMID- 7004784 TI - The neural crest: what can it tell us about cell migration and determination? PMID- 7004785 TI - The regulation of fiber growth and synaptogenesis in the developing hippocampus. PMID- 7004787 TI - Neural induction: past, present, and future. PMID- 7004786 TI - Genetic approaches to invertebrate neurogenesis. PMID- 7004789 TI - [Evaluation of gingival inflammation using the PMA index]. PMID- 7004788 TI - [Papers on stomatology published in 1979 in nondental Polish medical journals]. PMID- 7004792 TI - [From the historical pages of the Lodz Orthodontic Subsection of the Polish Stomatology Society]. PMID- 7004790 TI - [Prof. Ksenia Lutomska, M.D., on her 80th birthday]. PMID- 7004794 TI - [Surgical treatment trials in mandibular fractures using a steel screw]. PMID- 7004795 TI - [Activities and accomplishments of the Orthodontics Section of the Polish Stomatology Society in 1951-1977]. PMID- 7004793 TI - [Trial of electroanalgesia in tooth extraction]. PMID- 7004796 TI - [Dental films produced by the Scientific Film Production Department of the State Medical Publishing House]. PMID- 7004791 TI - [Diaket as a root canal filling material]. PMID- 7004797 TI - Combined alpha- and beta-blockade with labetalol in post-open heart surgery hypertension. Reversal of hemodynamic deterioration with glucagon. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous labetalol (a combined alpha- and beta blocking agent) were studied in 11 patients during early post-open heart surgery hypertension. With a mean dosage of 15 mg, labetalol reduced both systemic arterial pressures and the heart rate by an average of 21 percent (p < .001). The patients failed to compensate for the decline in pressure and pulse rate by elevation of their stroke volume, and even the cardiac index (CI) was severely depressed (from 2.30 to 1.67 L/min/m2, ie, 27 percent; p < .001). Neither left ventricular filling pressure nor vascular resistance was affected by labetalol early after open heart surgery. In four patients, 3 mg of glucagon after administration of labetalol elevated pulmonary arterial pressures and increased the CI by 16 percent. Two patients were observed on the preoperative day, and their response to labetalol was similar to that described in earlier studies: during blood pressure decline, CI was slightly augmented, and the systemic vascular resistance was greatly reduced (26 percent). The results indicate that after open heart surgery, patients are highly sensitive to the beta-blocking effects of labetalol, and although labetalol can greatly reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, it cannot be recommended for the treatment of post-open heart surgery hypertension. PMID- 7004798 TI - Theophylline and aerosolized terbutaline in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Double-blind comparison of optimal doses. AB - The bronchodilator response to aerosolized terbutaline and optimal doses of theophylline, given singly and in combination, was studied in ten patients with perennial asthma. Optimal doses of theophylline were determined (mean peak theophylline level of 20.9 micrograms/ml). Patients then received this theophylline dose plus 500 micrograms aerosolized terbutaline by metered-dose nebulizer qid for one week. Placebo was then substituted for one of the active agents for two weeks, followed by both active agents again for one week, and finally, placebo substituted for the second agent for a two-week period. The therapeutic response was determined by measurement of peak expiratory flow rate four times daily at different intervals following medication and the patient's subjective assessment of each period. The combination was found to be superior to either theophylline or terbutaline alone (P < .05). Theophylline alone and aerosolized terbutaline alone were equally effective. No side effects were encountered with any of the treatment regimens. PMID- 7004799 TI - [Topical application of fluoride; current methods in pedodontics and significance of custom-made or personalized applicator trays]. PMID- 7004800 TI - Conversion of reactions to leprolin and lepromin in patients with lepromatous leprosy by the transfer factor. AB - Conversion of leprolin and early lepromin reactions was achieved by two injections of transfer factor made of lymphocytes from lepromin-positive tuberculoid leprosy patients. However, the late reaction to lepromin remained unchanged. The importance of the degree of sensitivity of the cell donor was demonstrated, and a booster dose was also found to be useful. The feasibility of using transfer factor in treatment of lepromatous leprosy is briefly discussed. PMID- 7004801 TI - The granulomatous response of leprosy patients to lepromin and killed BCG. AB - The volunteers studied included 6 tuberculoid and 11 lepromatous leprosy patients (Ridley and Jopling). Each received intradermally 0.1 ml of lepromin (Wade method) and 0.1 ml of autoclaved BCG (grown on Dubos medium) at 2 separate sites on the left upper arm. Observations were made at weekly intervals, and biopsy specimens were taken at the fourth wk. Within 3 to 4 wk all 6 tuberculoid patients responded to lepromin with typical granulomas (5 of which measured 5 mm or more in diameter) composed of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and giant cells. In contrast, 8 of the 11 lepromatous patients remained negative; the other 3 developed tiny papules less than 3 mm in diameter which disappeared after 2 wk. Biopsy specimens taken from injection sities at the fourth wk showed essentially normal histology. All 1 patients developed typical granulomas to heat-killed BCG (non were less than 5 mm in diameter and most were larger) consisting of epithelioid cells, many lymphocytes and a few giant cells. The reaction in tuberculoid leprosy was stronger than that in lepromatous leprosy and the reaction to BCG in tuberculoid leprosy was stronger than that to lepromin, but the differences were not very remarkable. PMID- 7004802 TI - [The significance of exogenous sodium uptake in the perioperative homeostasis of the water and electrolyte balance]. AB - In 13 surgical patients who underwent abdominal surgery of moderate degree it has been shown that postoperative sodium substitution of normal range (1.5 m eq/kg bw. .24 h) led to hyponatremia and aldosteronism with Na+ and water retention. Aldosteronism was strongly correlated to increased activity of the renin angiotensin-system, both anteceded by restriction of the extracellular space and expansion of total body water. These were controlled by a high sodium input (5 m eq/kg bw. .24 h) without changing the volume infusion, which is demonstrated by suppressed renin and aldosterone secretion rates, improved diuresis and subsequent reduction of total body water in favor of a preserved functional extracellular space. In order to avoid inadequate fluid redistribution it seems reasonable to meet the patient's postoperative sodium requirements by increased sodium input. PMID- 7004803 TI - [Memories of the beginnings of the professional society]. PMID- 7004804 TI - Folded chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of response to sporulation medium, arrest at start, and G0 arrest. AB - Folded chromosome phenotypes have been examined and compared in four cell division-cycle (cdc) mutants during transitions between cycling and non-cycling states. The two start mutants, cdc 28 and cdc 25, can undergo G0 arrest at the restrictive temperature. Arrest at start, defined by the cdc 28 and cdc 25 block points, is distinguishable from G0 arrest. Arrest at the cdc 28 and cdc 25 block points can also be distinguished from each other: folded chromosomes appear to be destabilized at the cdc 25 block, but are stable at the cdc 28 arrest point. On the other hand, folded chromosomes from cdc 28 in sporulation medium at the restrictive temperature appear unstable, while chromosomes from cdc 25 are stable. The G1 arrest mutants, cdc 4 and cdc 7, can undergo G0 arrest at the restrictive temperature. In sporulation medium no meiotic replication form is detected at the restrictive temperature, although incorporation of labeled precursors into nuclear DNA does take place. A schematic model incorporating these various findings is presented. PMID- 7004805 TI - Captopril and hypertension development in the SHR. AB - Captopril (100mg/kg) administered daily by gavage to young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) from their 6th to 20th weeks of age almost completely inhibited genetic hypertension development (GHD). This effect was correlated with an early and long-lasting limitation of the progressive increase in peripheral resistance which normally develops in SHRs during their growth. Heart rate, cardiac and systolic indexes remained unchanged, plasma renin concentration was significantly increased and heart weight/body weight ratio was significantly decreased. At last, captopril's GHD preventive effect persisted up to 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation. PMID- 7004806 TI - Single-dose captopril administration in DOCA/salt rats: reduction of hypotensive effect by indomethacin. AB - The effect of an oral angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14225 (Captopril) on blood pressure and plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA/salt) hypertensive rats. Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of captopril (1 mg/kg) produced a significant fall in systolic blood pressure (23.4 +/- 5.0 mm Hg, p < 0.001) whereas no significant change in blood pressure occurred in control rats. Indomethacin (IDM) (2.5 mg/kg ip) pretreatment significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the hypotensive action of captopril in DOCA/salt rats. PRA was markedly suppressed in DOCA/salt rats (0.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/hr) when compared with the normotensive controls (4.4 +/- 2.2 ng/ml/hr, p < 0.001) at baseline. Captopril induced a significant rise in PRA in both groups of rats. These responses were not significantly altered by IDM pretreatment. The hypotensive effect of captopril in the DOCA/salt model may be mediated by prostaglandins since their synthesis is inhibited by indomethacin. PMID- 7004807 TI - Antihypertensive effects of angiotensin blockade: saralasin versus captopril. PMID- 7004808 TI - Treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy with lactose in lactase deficient patients. AB - A controlled cross-over clinical comparison of lactose (50 g twice a day) versus neomycin (3 g/day) plus milk of magnesia, was carried out in ten cirrhotic patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy and documented lactase deficiency. Serial semiquantitative assessments were done including: mental state, asterixis, number connection test, electroencephalogram, and blood ammonia levels. No patient developed deep coma while ingesting either lactose or neomycin plus milk of magnesia. However, a significant improvement of mental state, asterixis, number connection tests, and electroencephalograms was evident during lactose therapy. apart from mild diarrhea and bloating, no severe side effects were noticeable during lactose treatment. Based on these results, we propose lactose as a valuable alternate treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy in lactase-deficient populations. PMID- 7004809 TI - Effect of portacaval anastomosis on hypersplenism. AB - Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia occur commonly in advanced cirrhosis. Some investigators have reported that portacaval anastomosis (PCA) abolished hypersplenism while others have not found PCA to be uniformly beneficial. We compared the frequency of hypersplenism before and after admission to a controlled investigation of the effects of PCA in 52 unoperated control subjects and 38 patients with patent PCA. The two groups were followed for an average period of 5 1/2 years. On admission to the study leukopenia was present in about 2% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 6%, and hemolytic anemia in 4%. Splenomegaly was present in 48% and hypersplenism in 11%. After randomization splenomegaly disappeared more frequently in the shunted group. In addition, fewer patients with PCA developed splenomegaly for the first time after inclusion into the study than did unoperated control subjects. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia, when present at inclusion into the study, disappeared with equal frequency in the shunted and unshunted patients, and appeared with equal frequency in both groups after randomization in previously unaffected patients. In no instance was hypersplenism clinically significant nor was splenectomy considered or carried out in any of these 90 patients. In additional uncontrolled studies we observed that therapeutic PCA did not affect hypersplenism differently from prophylactic PCA. We conclude that PCA has neither clinically nor statistically significant effects on hypersplenism. PMID- 7004811 TI - Improved control in diabetes with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - Nine insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated with continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin infusion, using a portable battery-driven infusion pump and home monitoring of capillary blood glucose. The infusions were maintained for 4 days during an acute in-hospital study and for up to 150 days on ambulatory patients. No significant changes in growth hormone and cortisol secretory patterns were found at the end of the acute study. Mean plasma glucose, M values, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), as well as the patients' sense of well-being, improved significantly. However, absolute normalization of metabolic control was not achieved, since patients presented occasional, albeit minor, swings of blood glucose. The possibility that the same improvement in control could be achieved with multiple s.c. injections of insulin and similar monitoring of blood glucose in the home is discussed. It remains to be seen whether the degree of control obtained will influence the development of the late complications of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7004813 TI - Hypoglycemia and hemostatic parameters in juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - Hypoglycemia was induced by intravenous infusion of insulin in six juvenile-onset diabetic subjects. Hemostatic parameters were assessed before insulin infusion and 0, 1, and 2 h after discontinuation of insulin infusion. The onset of hypoglycemia coincided with an enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in five of the patients; platelet aggregation returned to normal levels during the next 2 h. The recalcification time was significantly shortened at the onset of hypoglycemia and continued to decrease for the next 2 h despite the return of serum glucose to normal levels. Correspondingly, a significant increase in fibrinogen was found. The ethanol gelation test was positive in two patients 2 h after stopping insulin infusion. Platelet counts decreased significantly after stopping insulin infusion. Thus, insulin-induced hypoglycemia markedly affects hemostatic balance and may potentially lead to intravascular coagulation in juvenile-onset diabetic patients. PMID- 7004812 TI - Effect of guar gum on 24-hour insulin requirements of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects as assessed by an artificial pancreas. AB - The effect of guar gum on insulin requirements, mean blood glucose (MBG), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) was investigated in seven insulin dependent diabetic subjects without endogenous insulin secretion by means of an artificial pancreas (Biostator). Fifty-four hours after the withdrawal of long acting insulin, the patients were controlled for two consecutive days by the artificial pancreas, under standardized identical conditions, except for the ingestion of guar gum before meals on the second day. The 24-h insulin requirements were significantly reduced by 12.4% on the day with guar gum (P < 0.05). No statistically significant effects were observed on MGG and MAGE. PMID- 7004814 TI - Diabetic staff simulation of insulin-dependent diabetic life. AB - Diabetic staff members, including doctors, nurses, and paramedical personnel, participated in a 1-wk experiment in which the life-style of a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes was stimulated. The respondents underwent reaching in (1) urine testing and recording results, (2) twice daily "insulin" regimen, and (3) diet involving regularly spaced carbohydrate in meals and snacks. Evaluation was conducted at several levels. The nurse educator assessed the pseudo-patients' performance. Staff members evaluated the teaching. Most important, the staff came to appreciate unforseen minutiae and pitfalls in the practical aspects of daily living as ordinarily prescribed by medical attendants. The simulation experiment is recommended for all staff involved in diabetic education. PMID- 7004816 TI - C-peptide and HLA antigens in long-standing juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7004815 TI - Research on diabetes management and the family: a critique. AB - Research on diabetes management and the family has been traditionally viewed within a linear model, in which parental attitudes toward diabetes are seen as the principal influence on the child's adjustment and metabolic control. Recently the focus of research has shifted to the broader family milieu, with an emphasis on patterns of cooperation and conflict among all family members in implementing the treatment regimen. As investigators have begun to study the entire family, the linear model of parental influences has been overshadowed by a systems model of family interaction, based on the concept of mutual influences among all individuals in the family. Several methodological problems have characterized research in this area, such as inadequate assessments of family functioning, unreliable indices of metabolic control, and insensitivity to differences in age and disease variables. Future studies of diabetes management will have much to gain from consideration of the role of the father and siblings in treatment, attention to the diabetic child's impact on family functioning, and recognition of sources of support and stress outside the family that affect adaptation to diabetes. PMID- 7004810 TI - Gardner's syndrome. Recent developments in research and management. AB - In recent years, a number of comprehensive reviews have been written on inherited intestinal polyposis syndromes (1-7), but none has dealt specifically with Gardner's syndrome and none has focused on basic research being carried out in an attempt to understand this syndrome and to improve the medical management of affected patients. A better understanding of this rare genetic disorder is essential for surgeons, gastroenterologists, cancer researchers, and geneticists alike. To the clinician, it poses difficult challenges in management; to the cancer researcher, it presents a rare opportunity to study very early premalignant transformations; and to the geneticist, it poses exciting questions at the cellular, chromosomal, and molecular levels. PMID- 7004817 TI - Multiple daily s.c. insulin doses. PMID- 7004818 TI - Self-administration of insulin by a hemiplegic individual. PMID- 7004820 TI - Travelers' diarrhea. PMID- 7004819 TI - Diabetes and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7004821 TI - The challenge of uncontrolled diabetes. PMID- 7004822 TI - Experiences with the insulin pump: two perspectives. PMID- 7004824 TI - Emotional aspects: the patient's view. PMID- 7004823 TI - An instructional guide for patients placed on an insulin infusion pump. PMID- 7004826 TI - [Viewing of the body before cremation]. PMID- 7004825 TI - [Amyloid of islets of Langerhans and its relation to diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - After grading into 4 groups of severity the extent of amyloidosis of the islets of Langerhans was investigated in 60 patients with diabetes and in 60 without. Distinction of 3 stages of diabetes according to clinical parameters showed clear connections between the stage of diabetes and the extent of amyloidosis. Development of amyloid locally may be evidence for progressive B cell insufficiency in diabetes of adults. PMID- 7004829 TI - [Laser-nephelometry, a sure and quick method in the measurement of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of calves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004828 TI - [Prevention of meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 7004830 TI - [Ethological choice-experiments with early weaned piglets kept in flat-decks. 1. Part: Results of the first part of the investigations to find appropriate floor types for animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004831 TI - [Accumulation of thallium in edible tissues of rams and steers depending on the thallium amount in fodder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004827 TI - [Fenclofenac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of fenclofenac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was compared in a crossover double-blind study of 30 patients with that of indometacin over a period of two weeks. The therapeutic effectiveness of fenclofenac, at a daily dose of 900 mg, was comparable to that of indometacin, at a daily dose of 100 mg. Side effects were less common with fenclofenac than indometacin, especially with respect to gastro-intestinal ones. On questioning more patients preferred fenclofenac, and its use is therefore recommended for patients with actual or potential gastro-intestinal problems. PMID- 7004832 TI - [Mercury in carnivore food (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004833 TI - [A contribution to the treatment of penis paralysis in nutrias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004835 TI - [Abscess forming and granulomatous fistula-forming actinobacillary lymphatic and lymph node inflammations in cattle]. PMID- 7004834 TI - ["Hyena disease" in southern Germany (clinical short communication)]. PMID- 7004836 TI - [Effect of pregnancy on diabetes and its management]. PMID- 7004837 TI - [Prostacyclin--a new biologically active agent]. PMID- 7004838 TI - [Human necrobacillosis]. PMID- 7004839 TI - [Congenital myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 7004840 TI - [Reports of drug reactions - why and when?]. PMID- 7004841 TI - [In memoriam on the centenary of the birth of Dr. Alfred Kantorowicz]. PMID- 7004842 TI - [Dimensional changes in metal ceramic bridges due to the burn off process]. AB - Six-part bridge frames constructed from the same were examined with microscopic measuring techniques to determine the influence of the fusing technique on porcelain. In the course of this study, it was established that alterations in the dimensions of the bridge frame develop with the oxide bake as well as also the dentine and glaze bakes, while only slight alterations were observed with the basic bake. The oxide bake leads to a general reduction in lumen size of the abutment crown and a decrease in the flange angle; the dentine and glaze bakes, to a deformation of the abutment crowns, mesiodistal decrease in lumen size and buccolingual widening, as well as further reduction of the flange angle. The alterations ranged between 10 micrometer and -63 micrometer and therefore are responsible for the inaccuracy of fit of porcelain-fused-to-metal bridges. PMID- 7004843 TI - [Reproduction of the abutment clearance in casting fixed tooth replacements]. AB - After casting one model with various procedures and materials, models were constructed of Duroc. the abutment distance of the Duroc model depended on the impression method and the impression material. In general, double-mix impressions were more accurate than corrective impressions. Corrective impressions could be improved by placing flow-off grooves in the primary impression. PMID- 7004844 TI - [Clinical study of an aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) for the treatment of oral hyperkeratosis]. AB - The effects of the vitamin A-derived aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) on 25 patients with oral hyperkeratosis were good. Compared with vitamin A, toxicity is reduced and the recurrence quota after discontinuation of the preparation is lower. PMID- 7004845 TI - [Antiphlogistic and analgesic effect of diclofenac sodium after maxillofacial interventions in a double-blind trial]. AB - Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) was tested over a period of six months in a double blind experiment for its antiphlogistic and analgesic effect. A retained or impacted lower third molar was removed from each of the 138 patients studied. The postoperative course was evaluated in terms of the criteria of pain, trismus, swelling, and side effects; and the results were recorded. The swelling was objectified by photographic documentation and planimetric measurements. Our studies indicated that diclofenac sodium can also be recommended for the medicamentous prophylaxis of swelling and pain resulting from dental procedures. PMID- 7004847 TI - [Principles of the TCP-implantation system after 2 years of clinical experience]. AB - The TCP implantation system is based on absorbable tricalcium phosphate ceramics which is used in different ways as porcelain-fused-to-metal material. The strict and complex application of preimplantologic and peri-implantologic principles, particularly the cleansing and preparation of the implant bed and of the bone tissue, as well as newly developed, internally cooled cutting and self-cleaning instructions are of special importance. The shape of the implant and the operative technique also play an important role in achieving a successful oral implant. The nonmetalic surface of the TCP implant has proved to be an important advantage. Since these implants induce a fusion with the bone tissue which does not include connective tissue, the use of elastic coupling elements that functionally imitate the periodontal tissue have proved to be an important factor in the primary and long-term success of the implant. The gnathologic formation of the chewing surfaces is just as important as the need for proper information, training, and supervision of the dentists as well as control of implants. PMID- 7004846 TI - [Cooperation between dental practice and the commercial dental technology laboratory]. AB - Questionnaires were distributed to 150 practicing dentists and 150 commercial dental laboratories in Baden-Wurttemberg in order to work out the state of cooperation and the possibility for improving the partner relationship. Two important points were established: 1. When communication between both partners is improved, the quality of the tooth replacement to be constructed is also improved. 2. Inaccurate impressions and instructions by the dentist confuse the dental technician and lead to independent and often inappropriate decisions and actions. PMID- 7004848 TI - [Embedding in methacrylate for the histologic study of decalcified and non decalcified preparations of teeth with their surrounding periodontium]. AB - Methacrylate embedding was suggested for improving the histologic examination of teeth with surrounding alveolodental ligament, including large sections of the jaw bone. The method introduced here makes it possible to prepare sections of decalcified as well as undecalcified material which, for the most part, are free of artefacts. PMID- 7004849 TI - [The tension distribution in metal-ceramics bonding]. AB - A certain method of testing bending was developed to test the strength behavior of metal fused to porcelain, independent of the fusion strength, which was based on calculations made according to the finite element method and on test results. The results indicate that, when non-precious metals are used, the wall strength for veneer crowns may not be lower than that required for the utilization of noble metal alloys. PMID- 7004852 TI - Computerized clinical evaluation in dentistry. Part II: Design, implementation and use of the computer program. PMID- 7004850 TI - [Improved cutting method for glasceramics-containing bone preparations]. AB - A modified method of sawing sections of undecalcified bone containing ceramic implants and a simple way of embedding into methacrylat are described. By glewing a cover glass onto the acrylic block before sectioning it is possible to achieve sections down to 7 micrometer. PMID- 7004851 TI - Computerized clinical evaluation in dentistry. Part I: Rationale, design and construction of the instrument. PMID- 7004853 TI - [Functional analysis of depressive states: integration of cognitive and behavioral contributions (author's transl)]. AB - The article provides a review of the main contributions both of behaviorally--and cognitively--oriented litterature on depressive states and depressive behaviors. These various data are organised so as to form into a tool for the functional analysis of depression: symptoms--structures--releasing factors--mechanisms- maintaining and aggravating factors. Synthetic tables at the end of the article constitute a first attempt at a clinical report allowing the pratician to evaluate the contributions--as well as the limits--of a behavioral approach of the depression phenomenom. PMID- 7004854 TI - [Alcoholism and depression (author's transl)]. AB - Alcoholism and depression have always been in intricated. A lot of studies try presently to precise this relation:--Clinical studies about episodic alcoholism.- Genetical studies showing a debatable relation between alcoholism and unipolar depression.--Biological studies essentialy attesting a depressive action of ethanol among the serotoninergic system: ethanol would deviate the serotonin metabolism. Likewise it would induce a depletion of catecholamines in the brain. More, biochemical researches point out an inheritance of ethanol preference which would be correlated with a decrease of the brain level of serotonin. Is is a genetical transmission of alcoholism: these perturbations could manifest themselves by the ethanol dependence, or by depressive trends? PMID- 7004855 TI - [Lithium and renal function (author's transl)]. AB - Reviewing the literature on the effect of lithium on renal function, the authors summarize the mechanisms involved in the concentration and elimination of lithium by this organ, as well as the urinary modifications in ionic exchanges and concentration capacity induced by this metal. After having mentioned the different factors influencing lithium clearance, the authors emphasize that diuretics should be used with caution with lithium and examine critically the various publications on the eventual nephrotoxicity of this agent. Although they conclude that there is no absolute proof of renal toxicity, they suggest for the time being to consider lithium intoxications and lithium-induced insipid diabetes, without ruling out lithium treatment itself, as risk factors of renal insufficiency. Their importance still needs further evaluation and requires, before and during treatment with this drug, a monitoring of the renal function, some essential element of this surveillance being proposed. PMID- 7004856 TI - Acute progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol modulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by pituitaries of cycling rats superfused in vitro. AB - During the rat estrous cycle there are marked changes in the concentrations of serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone. The objective of the present study was to examine the acute effects of E2 and progesterone on isolated pituitaries obtained at 1230 h at each stage of the 4-day cycle. At time zero, single quartered anterior pituitaries were placed in a chamber and superfused at 0.5 ml/min with medium 199 with or without steroids for 360 min; sequential 10-min effluent samples were collected. LHRH (10 ng/ml) was administered as two successive 10-min pulses at 120 and 240 min. The proestrous and the diestrous-II pituitaries in vitro exhibited the characteristic LHRH self-priming response: an increased LH secretory response to a second pulse of LHRH in both the absence and presence of steroids in the superfusion medium; however, the magnitude of the response to the initial pulse of LHRH was reduced significantly when E2 (50 pg/ml) was present. The presence of progesterone (50 ng/ml) resulted in a marked augmentation of the LH secretory response to the first pulse of LHRH; when both E2 and progesterone were included in the superfusion medium, the stimulatory effect of progesterone was reduced. The progesterone augmentation of LHRH-induced LH secretion was present after 60 min of steroid exposure in vitro but was not demonstrable after only 10 min of exposure. Cycloheximide inhibited the progesterone augmentation and the LHRH self-priming without affecting the LH secretory response to the initial LHRH pulse in the absence of steroid. Progesterone augmentation was not observed on estrus and diestrous-I. The presence of E2 in the medium, however, resulted in a significant decrease in the response to the first pulse of LHRH for pituitaries from either estrus or diestrous-I. These data 1) demonstrate that E2 by itself suppresses LHRH-induced LH secretion by the proestrous pituitary and 2) provide proof for a direct stimulatory action of progesterone, in the absence of E2, on the proestrous pituitary and suggest a positive feedback role for progesterone during the preovulatory LH surge. (Endocrinology 108: 413, 1981) PMID- 7004858 TI - Comparative effects of estrogen and antiestrogen on plasma renin substrate levels and hepatic estrogen receptors in the rat. PMID- 7004857 TI - Effect of down-regulation of insulin receptors on receptor-antibody binding. AB - The extraction of insulin receptor antibody (ARAB) by IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells was measured using nonisotopic ARAB, ARAB extraction was expressed as a clearance, with ARAB determinations made indirectly by a method dependent on its inhibition of insulin binding. Control cells and down-regulated IM-9 cells (cells exposed to 10(-7) M insulin for 16 h) at a cell density of 8 X 10(7) cells/ml were incubated in the presence of a 1:75 dilution of serum from a patient with insulin resistance due to insulin receptor antibodies. After 60 min at room temperature, control cells cleared 42 +/- 3% of ARAB compared to only 18 +/- 2% by the down-regulated cells. ARAB clearance was directly proportional to maximal tracer insulin binding, as determined in parallel experiments. ARAB clearance was similarly reduced in a dose-related fashion by 16-h exposure to Concanavalin A. These results indicate that ARAB extraction by IM-9 cells is reduced by chronic exposure to insulin. The observation that ARAB binding to insulin down-regulated cells is reduced despite the ability of ARAB to attach normally to cells whose receptors have been saturated with insulin supports the notion that down regulation is due to a loss of membrane receptor rather than to simple receptor occupancy. (Endocrinology 108: 478, 1981) PMID- 7004859 TI - Normal mammary cells in long term culture. II. prolactin, corticosterone, insulin, and triiodothyronine effects on alpha-lactalbumin production. PMID- 7004860 TI - Modulation by the hypothalamus of glucagon and insulin secretion in rabbits: studies with electrical and chemical stimulations. AB - The effects of electrical and chemical stimulations of the hypothalamus on the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, and glucose were studied in undisturbed and free-moving rabbits. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) caused a marked increase in the circulating level of glucagon coincident with a rapid rise in the glucose level. The level of insulin did not increase during VMH stimulation, but increased after cessation of stimulation. Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LHN), on the other hand, did not alter the plasma level of either hormone. Microinjection of a minute amount of acetylcholine into the VMH led to a rapid increase in plasma glucagon, with a gradual rise in plasma glucose, but no significant change in the insulin level. The responses of glucagon and glucose to acetylcholine were almost completely blocked by previous treatment of the VMH with hexamethonium, but not with atropine. Microinjections of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the VMH also caused rises in the levels of both glucagon and insulin, although the effects of norepinephrine were much less than those of epinephrine. Injections of dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid had no effect. Chemical stimulation of the LHN only with epinephrine induced a preferential rise in the insulin level without any significant change in the levels of glucagon and glucose. It is concluded that the actions of acetylcholine in the VMH, probably though activation of nicotinic receptor, and of epinephrine in the LHN are important for hypothalamic modulation of the selective releases of glucagon and insulin, respectively. (Endocrinology 108: 605, 1981) PMID- 7004861 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in thyroidectomized rats. AB - The influence of thyroidectomy on the renin-angiotensin system was studied in the rat. From 1-6 weeks after thyroidectomy, PRA and plasma renin substrate (PRS) decreased, but the plasma renin concentration remained unchanged, and the renal renin content increased. T3 injection corrected the changes in the plasma renin angiotensin system of thyroidectomized rats within 20-40 h. After ethinylestradiol treatment, the PRS in thyroidectomized rats rose in the same proportion as that in normal rats, but remained below the normal level. After binephrectomy, on the other hand, the PRS was high, and PRS levels in normal and thyroidectomized animals were similar. Isoproterenol increased PRA and plasma renin concentration in control animals but had no effect on thyroidectomized rats. From the above results it may be concluded that angiotensinogen production is dependent on thyroid hormones and that renin release depends on beta adrenergic receptor sensitivity to catecholamines, which is reduced by thyroidectomy. (Endocrinology 108: 647, 1981) PMID- 7004862 TI - Limited sequence homology between porcine and rat relaxins: implications for physiological studies. AB - We have isolated rat relaxin as a single chromatographic component and determined its complete amino acid sequence. Comparison with porcine relaxin reveals a clear sequence homology but the extent of this is much more limited than expected, with only 21 of 53 residues (39.6%) in corresponding positions being identical. In contrast 47 of 51 residues (92.2%) are identical between porcine and rat insulins. These findings suggest that relaxin has been less constrained to conserve its structural features during evolution than has insulin, since the original duplication of a common ancestral gene. Relaxins as a group (and rat and porcine relaxins in particular) show poor immunological cross-reactivity despite a common biological activity. The finding of extensive sequence differences as well as conserved residues between porcine and rat relaxins provides a possible structural basis for these observations, and should facilitate identification of a localized receptor-binding surface region of relaxin. A further important implication of this limited sequence homology is that physiological (and clinical) studies with relaxins should whenever possible be carried out with hormone preparations from the same species. PMID- 7004863 TI - Effect of exogenous zinc on insulin secretion in vitro. AB - The effect of varying exogenous zinc concentrations on insulin secretion by the perfused pancreas and short-term cultured islets was studied. No significant effect was observed at several supraphysiologic concentrations unless islets were cultured with 200 microM added zinc. These results suggest that exposure of the pancreas to non-physiologic zinc levels is necessary in order to influence the insulin secretory process. PMID- 7004864 TI - Glucose and insulin concentration patterns in cerebrospinal fluid following intravenous glucose injection in humans. AB - The glucose and insulin (IRI) concentration pattern in both peripheral venous blood and cerebrospinal (CSF) were studied in 10 normal weight non-diabetic subjects after glucose load of 0.33 g/kg injected intravenously. A significant increase of glucose induced IRI-response with an IRI-peak concentration after 5 min was found in the peripheral venous blood whereas no changes in both glucose and IRI-levels of the CSF occurred. The basal IRI-CSF-concentration (4.08 +/- 0.6 muU/ml) was five times lower in comparison to the level measured in the venous blood and remained unchanged over the 15 min period of observation. There were not any correlations between peripheral venous blood and CSF concerning the glucose and IRI concentration. The physiological significance of the low insulin concentration in CSF and the delay in the passage of this hormone in CSF is still unclear. PMID- 7004865 TI - Fertility impairment in females--present status. AB - Various approaches towards the control of fertility in females have been discussed. The salient observations made in the field of reproductive physiology which may generate new leads for the development of agents capable of inhibiting pregnancy, are described. The discussion concerning the oestrogen and progesterone receptors is directed towards designing new antifertility agents. The different areas of fertility control covered in this survey are of importance for basic and applied research. PMID- 7004867 TI - Photo-induced crosslinking between phenylalanine transfer RNA and messenger RNA on the Escherichia coli ribosome. AB - Crosslinking between phenylalanyl transfer RNA from brewer's yeast and poly(U) can be obtained when ribosomal complexes are irradiated at > 300 nm; the ribosomal complexes were formed by enzymatic binding of the tRNA. The crosslinked product was isolated on oligo(dA)-cellulose columns. The experiments suggest that the photo-crosslinking occurs via the wybutine in the anticodon loop of the tRNA. This system can be used to study interactions between tRNA and messenger RNA on the ribosome. PMID- 7004868 TI - Purification and chemical characterization of the vitamin-B12-dependent 5 methyltetrahydrofolate: homocysteine methyltransferase from Escherichia coli B. AB - The transferase was isolated by means of hydrophobic chromatography and combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration at different pH values and ionic strengths. As judged by disc electrophoresis, the enzyme is homogeneous. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate reveals only one band with Mr = 49500 +/- 10%. In gel filtration the native enzyme has a Mr of 200,000. The subunits can be crosslinked by iminothiolane followed by hydrogen peroxide oxidation. In sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis this results in a band pattern of integer multiples of 50,000 up to 20,000 but not higher. The high-Mr aggregates disappear on splitting the crosslinks by reduction. Thus the enzyme appears to be composed of four subunits identical or nearly identical in Mr. By the dansyl method, only phenylalanine and methionine were found as the amino terminal residues, suggesting the existence of two different types of subunits. PMID- 7004866 TI - Purification and primary structure determination of the N-terminal blocked protein, L11, from Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Protein L11 was isolated from the 50-S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes, using two salt extractions and two chromatographic separations on CM-cellulose. The unusual behavior of the protein when run on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis showed multiple bands. The complete primary structure of protein L11 is presented in detail. Its sequence was derived from peptides obtained by digesting the protein with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, Staphylococcus aureus protease and, after modification, with trypsin. Chemical cleavage was performed with cyanogen bromide. Sequencing of the various peptides was achieved by manual micro-dansyl-Edman degradations and automatic methods. The N-terminal residue of the protein is blocked and was not degradable in the liquid-phase sequenator by the Edman method. It was identified by a combination of enzymatic cleavage and mass spectrometry. Protein L11 contain three methylated amino acid residues, a N alpha-trimethylalanine, and two residues of N epsilon trimethyllysine. Their behaviour and influence in the sequence elucidation are described. The protein contains 141 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 14874. Secondary structure predictions of the protein are given, and its sequence is compared with those of other E. coli ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7004869 TI - Professor Albert Frey-Wyssling at eighty. PMID- 7004870 TI - Tau and HMW microtubule-associated proteins have different microtubule binding sites in vivo. AB - We have previously demonstrated the immunofluorescent localization of the tau and HMW MAPS on microtubules in vivo. When cells were treated with the non-ioni detergent triton before fixation, however treated with the non-ionic detergent triton before fixation, however, the immunofluorescent staining of microtubules with antiserum to HMW protein disappears, while the staining with anti-tubulin of anti-tau serum remains unaffected. Because of these differences in sensitivity to triton, we conclude that tau protein and HMW protein have different binding sites on microtubules. Parallel ultrastructural studies indicate that this loss of staining correlates with a loss of filamentous projections from the outer wall of cytoplasmic microtubules. These results indicate that in vivo the HMW protein is most probably distributed along the outer surface of the microtubule as filamentous projections similar to those observed in vitro. The in vivo distribution of the HMW protein suggests that it may form part of the microtrabecular system and be involved in the interaction of microtubules with other cell organelles. PMID- 7004871 TI - Redistribution of contractile and cytoskeletal components induced by cytochalasin. I. In Hmf cells, a nontransformed fibroblastoid line. AB - Hmf cells are normal rat fibroblastoid cells of large size having an extensive stress fiber (cable) system. On exposure to cytochalasin D (CD), shortening and segmentation of the actin-based cables and diffusion of the normal periodic distribution of tropomyosin and myosin occur, concomitant with generalized cell retraction. During retraction, areas of extended cytoplasm may be pulled apart and torn. The actin, tropomyosin, and myosin of the stress fibers become localized in dispersed masses represented in the electron microscope as compact filamentous felt-like networks. Many of these are derived from shortening of stress fibers at their insertions into the persisting attachment plaques. In a few cells, rod-like elements of variable length remain; these are CD-resistant segments of uncontracted stress fibers. Inhibitors of energy metabolism prevent these changes. Microtubules remain unaltered but are passively displaced in the CD-deformed cells. Bundles of 10 nm filaments maintain close relations with the actomyosin masses resulting from CD-treatment. Evidence is considered for the hypothesis that cellular retraction, the apparent disorganization of stress fibers, and the redistribution of contractile proteins result from unremittent energy-dependent contraction induced by CD, and that the compact forms may be analogous to rigor complexes. A mechanism for these actions of cytochalasin is proposed. PMID- 7004872 TI - Redistribution of contractile and cytoskeletal components induced by cytochalasin. II. In HeLa and HEp2 cells. AB - In HeLa and HEp2, cell lines derived from human carcinoma, application of cytochalasin D (CD) is followed in minutes by generalized cell contraction and zeiosis. Simultaneously, actin, myosin and tropomyosin, mostly from cables, become relocated in condensed masses. Most of these occupy the bases of the zeiotic knobs protruding at the cell surface. In contrast to most nontransformed cell types, in these cells both the protrusions and the contractile proteins are concomitantly translocated centripetally to the cell apex to form an aggregate of zeiotic knobs and a subjacent, membrane-associated, actin-based microfilamentous cap containing tropomyosin and myosin. The redistribution of these contractile proteins is antagonized by pretreatment with inhibitors of energy metabolism, or with cyclic adenine nucleotide. The centripetal movement appears to be guided by microtubules, which tend a radiate toward apical aggregates. Under the influence of CD 10 nm filaments associate in bundles. These processes are rapidly reversed after withdrawal of CD. The changes in distribution of actin, myosin and tropomyosin in relation to cell surface structures are considered in terms of the hypothesis that CD induces contraction of the microfilament apparatus of the cortex which, at least in part, remains tethered to plasma membrane. PMID- 7004873 TI - Myofibrillar differences among mammalian skeletal muscle fibres at the ultrastructural level. A comparison of immunocytochemical and morphometrical parameters. AB - In the light microscope two types (I, II) of skeletal muscle fibres can be distinguished with antibodies against myosin isozymes. At the ultrastructural level a difference in Z-line width has led to muscle fibre classification. In this study we distinguish at the ultrastructural level between type I and type II fibres of the M. soleus and M. plantaris of adult mice using ultracryosections with immuno-ferritin and antisera against myosin isozymes. Muscle fibres of the M. plantaris are identified as type II fibres and the fibres of the M. soleus are divided in type I and type II fibres. In the immunologically identified fibres the filament overlap in the Z-line was measured. The type II fibres of the M. plantaris have narrow Z-lines, whereas type I and type II fibres of the M. soleus have wide Z-lines. We conclude that a classification of fibres based on Z-line width differs from the type I/type II classification. The antimyosin antibodies react exclusively with the A-band. In serial sections the myosin isozymes can be identified unambiguously. This is a prerequisite for further studies of myosin isozyme distribution in "mixed" muscle fibres. PMID- 7004874 TI - Serum antibodies against gliadin and reticulin in a family study of coeliac disease. PMID- 7004877 TI - Successful acute and long-term treatment of renin-induced hypertension in two infants with captopril. AB - Captopril, an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting-enzyme, offers a new approach in the treatment of renin-induced hypertension, which is refractory to conventional drugs. A 4 months old infant developed after nephrectomy again hypertension which was probably renin-induced. BP did not respond to high doses of methyl-dopa, clonidine, hydralazine, and furosemide. An acute BP response to captopril was seen at a daily dose of 150 mg. During long-term treatment 75 mg captopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide resulted in normalization of BP. In a second child with renin-induced hypertension since the firth month of life, treatment wiht hydralazine, clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide was in part effective, but failure to thrive was progressive. Captopril treatment was started at the age of 20 months. BP was lowered at a daily dose of 75 mg and normalized during long-term therapy with 50 mg. Side effects were not seen. PMID- 7004878 TI - Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in glucose regulation. AB - Blood glucose, insulin, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) were evaluated in 8 normal children, aged 17-41 months, during an oral glucose load; in 7 normal children, aged 15-42 months, during i.v. glucose infusion; and in 6 normal children, aged 19-40 months, during glucagon administration. During the oral glucose tolerance tests the mean maximum decline of Ca (8.63%) and p (12.66%) was at 120 min, while PTH and CT significantly increased from basal values of 1.36 ng/ml +/- 0.21 and 97 pg/ml +/- 14 to 2.20 ng/ml +/- 0.22 and 140 pg/ml +/- 13, respectively, at 45 min. During i.v. glucagon administration the mean maximum decline of Ca (9.64%) and P (12.28%) was at 30 min. PTH levels rose significantly from basal values of 1.2 mg/ml +/- 0.22 to 2.1 ng/ml +/- 0.32 at 45 min, while CT increased rapidly from basal levels of 90 pg/ml +/- 14 to 127 pg/ml at 15 min. In conclusion, increases in glucose and insulin due to ingestion or infusion of glucose, or to glucagon injection, are therefore not only associated with a fall in serum Ca and P but also with rises in PTH and CT. PMID- 7004879 TI - The distribution of fibronectin in attachment sites of chick fibroblasts. PMID- 7004876 TI - Histiocytosis x. PMID- 7004875 TI - Dna repair: pathways and defects. AB - Damaged DNA can be repaired by three different mechanisms: photoreactivation, excision repair and postreplication repair. Each mechanism is regulated by a highly specific set of enzymes. Defects within these systems result in diseases which have one common feature: affected individuals are cancer prone. Recently, newly developed methods not only make it possible to diagnose affected patients but also to detect individuals at risk. Furthermore, the results obtained elucidate some mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 7004880 TI - Immune complex deposition in the ciliary process of rabbits with acute and chronic serum sickness. PMID- 7004881 TI - Proteolytic enzymes of the human lens. PMID- 7004882 TI - Antoinette Pirie and Ruth van Heyningen. PMID- 7004883 TI - Recollections of research in spinal cord regeneration. PMID- 7004884 TI - Influence of extrauterine survival on branching characteristics of hippocampal neurons in preterm infants. PMID- 7004885 TI - Inhibition of lysosomal function in red and white skeletal muscles by chloroquine. PMID- 7004886 TI - Newly synthesized elastin is associated with neoplastic epithelial cells in human mammary carcinoma. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence with a purified antiserum to human foetal elastin has identified newly synthesized elastin on the membranes of neoplastic epithelial cells in human mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7004887 TI - The effect of Listeria monocytogenes lipids on immune response to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. AB - The administration of Listeria monocytogenes lipids augmented the humoral immune response to ovalbumin (OVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone and E. coli lipopolysaccharide, but failed to support the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to OVA. PMID- 7004888 TI - Visual input to rat pineal. AB - Electrophysiological recordings from freely behaving rats, previously implanted stereotaxically with permanent electrodes in the pineal, ventromedial hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, lateral geniculate body and medial geniculate body were obtained. The pineal photic responses revealed 5 sequential components. Injection of a neuronal blocker at the level of the superior cervical ganglion did not alter the earlier photic responses, but did eliminate the late components (N2-P3) for 60-90 min after the injection. All of the other responses were unchanged during the experiment. The present experiments demonstrated that photic input travels to the pineal through two pathways. PMID- 7004890 TI - Controversial geneticist and creative biologist. A critical review of his contributions. PMID- 7004889 TI - Renin in mouse but not in rat submandibular glands. AB - Renin was found in the submandibular glands of male Quackenbush mice in concentrations higher than has been reported for any tissue of any strain or species. However, no renin-like activity could e detected in glands from male and female Wistar rats using either pH 5.8 or 7.4 for assay and a radioimmunoassay specific for renin's reaction product, angiotensin I. Rabbit submandibular glands contained renin. PMID- 7004893 TI - A macromolecular perspective on "The Material Basis of Evolution". PMID- 7004891 TI - An evaluation of Goldschmidt's work after twenty years. PMID- 7004894 TI - Views on the nature of the gene, the structure and function of the chromosome, and heterochromatic heredity. PMID- 7004895 TI - The historical development of "Time Law of Intersexuality" and its philosophical implications. PMID- 7004892 TI - A provocative view of the evolutionary process. PMID- 7004896 TI - Views on sex determination. PMID- 7004897 TI - Contributions to the department of zoology, university of california, berkeley. (R. B. Goldschmidt) PMID- 7004898 TI - Induction of pentylenetetrazol convulsions by polysaccharide--protein complex isolated from Candida albicans. PMID- 7004899 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the localization of IgG in the aortic endothelium and subendothelial intima of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic rabbits. PMID- 7004900 TI - Early immunopathologic events in experimental diabetic nephropathy: a study in db/db mice. PMID- 7004901 TI - Simon Koletsky, M.D. 1910--1980. PMID- 7004902 TI - Microbiological assay of vitamin B12 in liver extracts. Modification of the E. coli cup-plate method. PMID- 7004903 TI - [Lenin, culture, medicine]. PMID- 7004904 TI - [Cardiac glycosides as regulators of the bioenergetics and function of myocardial contractile proteins]. PMID- 7004905 TI - [Use of pharmacological preparations in experimental and clinical angiography (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7004907 TI - [Pharmacological regulation of homeostatic kidney function]. PMID- 7004906 TI - [Enzyme inducers and inhibitors of drug metabolism (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7004908 TI - [Effect of acetylsalicyclic and nicotinic acids and complamin on the formation of a prostacyclin-like substance by the aortic wall]. AB - Experiments on Wistar rats have shown that single oral administration of acetylsalicylic (300 mg/kg), nicotinic (3 mg/kg) acids and complamin (2 mg/kg) inhibits platelet aggregation. It has been established that acetylsalicylic acid inhibits, as an antiaggregation agent, platelet aggregation and synthesis of a prostacycline-like substance by the aortal wall, and decreases its antiaggregation activity. Nicotinic acid and complamin inhibit platelet aggregation but do not lower antiaggregation activity of the aortal wall. Therefore, these latter drugs compare very favorably with acetylsalicylic acid as antiaggregation agents. PMID- 7004909 TI - [Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity in progeny]. AB - Effect of chronic alcoholic poisoning on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the liver of rats was studied during ontogenesis. The activity of the enzyme was detectable for the first time in the fetal liver days 17-18 of the ontogenesis and reached the level seen in adult rats day 25 after the birth. ADH activity was dramatically increased in the liver of fetuses and progeny of females alcoholized before and during the entire pregnancy period as well as of females alcoholized before and during mating. Alcoholization of females before and over the first 15-16 days of pregnancy did not modulate the activity of liver ADH in the fetuses and progeny despite the fact that this activity in the mothers liver was 2.5 times as high as that in control. PMID- 7004910 TI - [Interaction of catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin system in regulating sodium reabsorption in the rat kidney]. AB - It has been established that the catecholamine-induced increase in renin secretion by juxtaglomerular apparatus cells and sodium reabsorption stimulation in the rat kidney are consequent on the excitation of renal beta-adrenoreceptors. Strophanthin K interferes with the renin-secreting action of adrenaline and perverts its activating effect on sodium transport by renal tubules. When given in a dose inhibiting angiotensin II formation and renin-secreting effect of catecholamines, heparin also diminishes their activating effect on tubular sodium transport. It is suggested that the renin-angiotensin system may be directly involved into the mechanism of catecholamine-stimulated sodium reabsorption by the rat kidney. PMID- 7004911 TI - [Soviet toxicological science and the activities of Moscow toxicologists (on the 15th anniversary of the Toxicology Section of the Moscow Society of Pharmacologists)]. PMID- 7004912 TI - Effect of subcutaneous injections of carbuterol on renin release and water intake in the rat. AB - The effect on renin release and water intake of subcutaneous injections of the beta-adrenergic agonist carbuterol has been studied in the rat. Carbuterol, as well as isoprenaline, elicited a clear dipsogenic effect, dose-dependent, apparently mediated by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. The dipsogenic potency of carbuterol, in comparison to that of isoprenaline, was weaker; the ratio of dipsogenic potency between the two substances proved to be very similar to that of their relative vasodepressor activities. These findings appear to be consistent with the hypothesis that beta 2-adrenergic receptors of vascular type are involved in renin release and water intake stimulation. PMID- 7004913 TI - Regulation of lymphokine-dependent reactions. AB - The experimental findings described here represent an initial approach toward a study of the mechanisms involved in the regulation and control of lymphokine activity. Work on experimental desensitization as well as clinical studies in lymphoproliferative disorders and sarcoidosis suggest that such control can be both at the stage of lymphokine production and at the stage in which lymphokine activity is being expressed. Interestingly, lymphokines themselves, when present systemically, can interfere with the induction of lymphokine-dependent delayed hypersensitivity reactions, both via preemption mechanisms and by abolition of essential mediator gradients. PMID- 7004914 TI - Microsurgery of the fallopian tube: from fantasy to reality. PMID- 7004915 TI - Autoantibodies to zona pellucida in infertile and aged women. AB - A total of 735 human serum samples were tested against isolated porcine ova for detection of autoantibodies to zonae pellucidae by the specific method reported previously using indirect immunofluorescence. Positive fluorescence was found in 13 of 175 samples (7.4%) from patients with unexplained infertility, in 2 of 122 samples (1.6%) from patients with proven etiology of infertility, but in none of 141 samples from age-matched control subjects (fertile women and men). There was an age difference in the incidence of positive reactions: 4 of 156 samples (2.6%) from women over 40 years old were positive in contrast to only 1 of 159 samples (0.6%) from women under 40 years old. Although autoantibodies to zonae pellucidae may be produced during the aging process, the observed high incidence in unexplained infertility suggests an etiologic association of the antibody with the disease when produced in younger women. PMID- 7004916 TI - The 100th anniversary of tubal sterilization. PMID- 7004917 TI - Acceleration of ovarian follicle maturation of female caused by male in Microtus agrestis and Clethrionomys glareolus. PMID- 7004918 TI - [Analysis of the mesial support hook and the L-shaped retentive arm]. PMID- 7004920 TI - [Significance of a double structure prosthesis]. PMID- 7004919 TI - [Pierre Fauchard's Le Chirurgien-Dentiste]. PMID- 7004921 TI - [Fracture of a tooth supporting a bracket]. PMID- 7004922 TI - [Pierre Fauchard's "Le Chirurgien-Dentiste". II]. PMID- 7004923 TI - [Adapted crowns and fused crowns]. PMID- 7004924 TI - [Fusion pins: indirect system with indirect injection]. PMID- 7004925 TI - [On the autoimmune pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. Review of the literature and our results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7004926 TI - Old bones are brittle. PMID- 7004927 TI - The effect of a short-term course of antibiotic prophylaxis on patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. AB - A prospective double-blind study of antibiotic prophylaxis in 69 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy was conducted. A short, 1-day course of cefazolin prophylaxis effectively decreased febrile morbidity, serious postoperative infections and hospital stay. Resistant infections or delayed infections were not encountered in this series of prophylactically treated patients. There was no difference between the active drug group and the placebo group in the frequency with which aerobic Gram-negative rods and the incidence of cephalosporin-resistant organisms cultured postoperatively. PMID- 7004928 TI - Analysis of expression of human mammary epithelial antigens in normal and malignant breast cells at the single cell level by flow cytofluorimetry. AB - The expression of cell-type specific antigens on the surface of human mammary epithelial cells (HME antigens) is analyzed at the single cell level by flow cytofluorimetry. Methods are described to deal with two technical difficulties that have hampered the quantitation of surface antigens on cells from primary cultures by flow cytofluorimetry, namely, cell clumping and the presence of several cell types. By staining the cells simultaneously with two different fluorescent markers: the cell surface HME antigens with fluorescein-tagged antibodies (green fluorescence) and the cell DNA with propidium iodide (red fluorescence), it was possible to determine the expression of HME antigens per unit DNA, analyze their expression on breast cells in mixed populations, and analyze their expression in different phases of the cell cycle. The HME antigens were diminished in malignant breast epithelial cells as compared to their normal counterpart. PMID- 7004929 TI - Dipyrroles in the bile, gallstones, feces and urine. PMID- 7004930 TI - International review of drugs in acute porphyria--1980. PMID- 7004931 TI - Chemistry of porphyrin biosynthesis: results and applications. PMID- 7004932 TI - Effects of a homogeneous formula high in corn oil and of intravenous glucose on red cell uroporphyrinogen I synthetase activity during porphyric relapses. PMID- 7004933 TI - Thirty years with biochemistry and clinic of porphyrias in man and animals. PMID- 7004934 TI - Processing of exported proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - The mechanism of export of protein in E. coli can be summarized in terms of the 'signal hypothesis'. The proteins are synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes in the form of precursors, which carry N-terminal extensions of amino acids, the 'signal'. The proteins are vectorially transferred through the membrane during synthesis and the signal sequence is removed to generate the mature protein. The basic principle is established and it is now important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of export. We have attempted to detail the proteolytic removal of the signal. We have shown that the precursors are processed post-translationally, and we have data suggesting that two cleavages may be involved. It appears that processing is not necessary to activate the mature proteins. Why then is the signal removed? Perhaps the answer will shed light on the other yet unanswered questions: what is the energy source for the translocation? how does the cell differentiate between the two classes of exported proteins, those in the periplasm and those in the outer membrane? The next few years should see the resolution of these questions. PMID- 7004935 TI - Regulation of proteolysis: implications for the control of protein breakdown within the cell. PMID- 7004936 TI - Limited proteolysis and viral replication. PMID- 7004937 TI - Activation of myxovirus glycoproteins by post-translational proteolysis. PMID- 7004938 TI - Expression of embryonic antigens at the surface of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells. PMID- 7004939 TI - Development of a radiochemical assay for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase in human B- and T-lymphocytes. PMID- 7004940 TI - The demonstration of Escherichia coli methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7004942 TI - The relationship between the nuclear membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum in interphase cells. PMID- 7004941 TI - High sensitivity of deoxyribonuclease 4 of Aspergillus nidulans to inhibition by orthophosphate. PMID- 7004943 TI - Methionine metabolism via the transamination pathway in rat liver. PMID- 7004944 TI - Neutral proteinases in germinating conidia and hyphae of Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7004945 TI - Alkaline proteolytic activity in mouse intestinal muscle. PMID- 7004946 TI - The critical analysis of a method for estimating the mean overall intracellular pH value in yeast illustrating the effect of errors in assumed cellular parameters. PMID- 7004947 TI - Response of brown adipose tissue to an oral glucose load in virgin and lactating rats. PMID- 7004948 TI - Interactions between rat liver cytosol and 125I-labelled insulin. PMID- 7004949 TI - Effect of glucose administration on rat liver glycogenolysis after birth. PMID- 7004950 TI - Analytical fractionation of subcellular organelles from human peripheral monocytes with particular reference to their neutral proteinase content. PMID- 7004951 TI - Possible regulation of the methanol dehydrogenase fro Methylophilus methylotrophus by its oxidized electron acceptor. PMID- 7004952 TI - Solubilization and stabilization of L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. PMID- 7004953 TI - Pattern formation on lepidopteran wings: determination of an eyespot. PMID- 7004954 TI - Culture of the terminally differentiated adult cardiac muscle cell: a light and scanning electron microscope study. PMID- 7004955 TI - Dermal-epidermal interactions and the action of alleles at the agouti locus in the mouse. II. The viable yellow (Avy) and mottled agouti (am) alleles. PMID- 7004956 TI - Dantrolene sodium suspension in treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. AB - A double-blind study was carried out on 20 children with spasticity secondary to cerebral palsy, in order to compare the effects of dantrolene sodium suspension and a placebo. The drug was found to be physiologically active in reducing the force of muscle contraction, but objective functional improvement, as measured by multiple performance tests, was irregular and probably not significant. PMID- 7004957 TI - Developments in the biology of neuroblastoma: implications for diagnosis and treatment. AB - There has been little improvement in the prognosis for neuroblastoma in childhood over recent years. The authors review recent investigations into the biology of the tumour and discuss their implications for diagnosis and therapy. Immunological studies suggest a heterogeneity in cell-surface antigens on different human neuroblastoma lines/fresh tumours. The reagents being developed against these antigens will play a role in the diagnosis of metastatic spread, and may be useful in autologous bone-marrow transplantation programmes. The occasional in vivo differentiation of the tumour is reviewed, with particular reference to in vitro studies on the differentiation of human and murine neuroblastoma cell-lines. This work may have implications for therapy if ways can be found to cause in vivo differentiation of the tumour into a benign ganglioneuroma. PMID- 7004958 TI - How high the carbohydrate? PMID- 7004960 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was measured serially by microcolumn chromatography in 38 children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes. Initial HbA1 levels of 13.6 +/- 0.5% fell signficiantly from day 0 (prior to therapy) both to day 1 (1.6 +/- 0.2% decrease) and to day 3-5 (2.6 +/- 0.4% decrease) (P < 0.001). This drop correlated closely with changes in blood glucose (P < 0.001), less closely and inversely with plasma bicarbonate levels (P < 0.01), but not with prior duration of symptoms or changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. HbA1 levels reached a nadir of 8.2 +/- 0.3% 3 weeks to 6 months after diagnosis, and correlated with decreasing insulin dosage (P < 0.001). HbA1 levels rose again to 11.4 +/- 0.5% in 21 patients followed for more than 3-6 months. Our results indicate that (1) HbA1 level change rapidly during initial stabilization of insulin-dependent diabetes suggesting that glycosylation may not be entirely irreversible, and (2) HbA1 levels are consistent with clinical assessment of control during remission and postremission phases. PMID- 7004959 TI - Human pancreatic polypeptide secretion in conditions of exogenous and endogenous hyperglycaemia. AB - The effects of exogenous and endogenous hyperglycaemia on human pancreatic polypeptide secretion have been studied. In normal subjects elevation of plasma glucose concentration by glucose infusion both depressed the basal levels of circulating human pancreatic polypeptide (by 40-50%) and consistently reduced the human pancreatic polypeptide response to the ingestion of a portion-rich meal (areas above pre-meal value: 19.5 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- SEM) vs. 9.6 +/- 2.1, p < 0.01) as well as to caerulein infusion (areas above pre-caerulein value: 8.8 +/- 2.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.4, P < 0.01). In diabetic subjects treated with sulphonylureas or diet (fasting plasma glucose: 166 +/- 11 mg/dl, n = 24), human pancreatic polypeptide secretion evoked by food was similar to that of 24 healthy individuals (areas above basal value: 46.6 +/- 9.9 and 33.6 +/- 3.6, respectively). In insulin dependent diabetics (fasting plasma glucose: 231 +/- 19 mg/dl, n = 21) the human pancreatic polypeptide response to the meal (area above basal value: 78.2 +/- 13.7) was significantly greater than that of the controls as well as that of the noninsulin-dependent group (P < 0.05). Since the administration of pancreatic polypeptide to man has been shown to decrease pancreatic exocrine output, postprandial human pancreatic polypeptide hypersection may contribute to the decreased exocrin function of the pancreas often found in insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7004961 TI - B-cell function in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7004962 TI - Preliminary characterization of calcium binding in islet-cell plasma membranes. AB - Preliminary characterization of calcium binding was determined in a highly enriched islet-cell plasma membrane fraction using a membrane filtration technique. Equilbrium calcium binding was specific, concentration dependent and saturable. Scatchard analysis indicated the existence of more than one class of calcium binding sites. The affinity constants and maximum binding capacities were 1.14 X 10(5) M-1 and 1.2 picomol/microgram protein and 1.17 X 10(3) M-1 and 64.8 picomol/microgram for the high and low affinity sites, respectively. Bound 45Ca2+ was dissociate from the plasma membranes in a biphasic manner in the presence of excess unlabelled calcium. PMID- 7004963 TI - Antibodies direct against the pancreatic islet cell plasma membrane. Detection and specificity. PMID- 7004964 TI - Blood glucose control and insulin clearance in unrestrained diabetic dogs portally infused with a portable insulin delivery system. PMID- 7004965 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling in glucose-induced insulin release xliv. A possible link between glucose metabolism and phosphate flush. AB - Above a threshold of 3.0-4.2 mmol/l, D-glucose provoked a transient increase in 32P fractional outflow rate from rat pancreatic islets prelabelled with 32P orthophosphate. Nutrients which stimulate insulin release in the absence of glucose, alpha-ketoisocaproate and L-leucine, also provoked a phosphate flush. No flush occurred in islets exposed to non-insulinotropic nutrients (L-glutamine and and L-lactate) or non-nutriet secretagogues (arginine, tolbutamide, theophylline). A late increase in 32P fractional outflow rate was observed in Ca2+ deprived islets stimulated with BaCl2 and theophylline. The occurrence of a phosphate flush did not appear to be attributable to changes in insulin release, cyclic AMP content, membrane polarisation, K+ conductance, or reduced pyridine nucleotide content. The 32P response to glucose was slightly decreased in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or HCO3-, markedly impaired in the absence of K4, and virtually abolished in the presence of menadione (10 mumol/l). It is proposed that the occurrence of a phosphate flush is linked to the metabolism of nutrient secretagogues, possibly via an increase in O2 uptake and the production rate of NAD(P)H and ATP. PMID- 7004966 TI - Effect of a high glucose diet on insulin binding and insulin action in rat adipocytes. A longitudinal study. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms whereby changes in dietary composition affect the action of insulin on glucose metabolism, insulin binding and glucose uptake and oxidation have been studied in epididymal fat pad adipocytes from rats fed high glucose diets for 5 and 10 days. After 5 days, insulin binding was increased, the mainly to an increased number of receptors (3.4 X 10(5) vs. 2.4 X 10(5) sites per cell) in spite of increased plasma insulin levels (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.1 microgram/l; P < 0.05). The maximal response of glucose oxidation to insulin was increased (925 +/- 55 vs. 510 +/- 58 n moles/2 X 10(5) cells/2h; P < 0.01) and the dose-response curve of glucose uptake was shifted to the left. After 10 days, receptor number decreased to the control level and the effect of insulin on glucose uptake and oxidation (% basal) were similar to controls. Thus, in the early stage of high glucose feeding, insulin receptor number, and insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake, and insulin responsiveness of glucose oxidation were increased. PMID- 7004967 TI - Role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of glucose homeostasis. Effects of insulin secretion. AB - The role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of B-cell function of in the mouse has been examined. Ovariectomised adult female mice were treated with daily subcutaneous replacement doses of oestradiol (5 microgram/kg), progesterone (1 mg/kg), both hormones combined, or vehicle only for 15 weeks. Ovariectomy caused a 40% increase in plasma glucose concentrations during glucose tolerance tests, a 26% decrease in the plasma insulin response to glucose (2 g/kg IP) and a 32% decrease in the plasma insulin response to arginine (2 g/kg IP) compared with control mice. When islets from ovariectomised mice were incubated for 30 minutes in media containing 28 mmol/l glucose or 2.8 mmol/l glucose with 5 mmol/l arginine, insulin release was reduced by 23% and 31% respectively. Total pancreatic and islet insulin content were each decreased by 36%, and the number of B-cells was decreased by 39% in the ovarietomised mice. These detrimental effects of ovariectomy were partially or totally prevented by the oestradiol and progesterone treatments. The results indicate that ovarian oestrogens and progestogens may play an important role in the long-term maintenance of B-cell competence in the female mouse. PMID- 7004968 TI - Kelly McGuffin West 1925-1980. PMID- 7004969 TI - Plasma noradrenaline in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7004970 TI - Diabetic control on once- and twice-daily insulin injections. PMID- 7004971 TI - Haematocrit, glycosylated haemoglobin and diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7004973 TI - Induction of the eye lens. PMID- 7004974 TI - Approval of purified insulins. PMID- 7004975 TI - [Critical review of the indications for electrocardiac stimulation]. PMID- 7004972 TI - Prevalence of permanent congenital diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7004976 TI - [Significance of some changes induced in the vasoactive systems of renin and kallikrein during diuretic treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7004977 TI - [Double-blind clinical study of the therapeutic effect of SAMe and Ibuprofen in degenerative osteoarticular pathology]. PMID- 7004978 TI - [Administration of simple carbohydrates (glucose) and compound carbohydrates (starches) in patients with renal insufficiency. Effects on glycemic and insulin responses]. PMID- 7004979 TI - [Wilson's disease: physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7004980 TI - [Hyperinsulinemia--a vascular risk factor]. PMID- 7004981 TI - [Clinical study of the efficacy of and tolerance for a new nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agent, cinmetacin]. PMID- 7004982 TI - [Controlled clinical study of SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine) administered orally in degenerative osteoarticular pathology]. PMID- 7004984 TI - [Relation between prolactin and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 7004983 TI - [Less well-known lipid "risk" factors of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7004985 TI - [S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in osteoarthrosis; a double-blind crossover peroral study]. PMID- 7004986 TI - [Clinical evaluation of (-) eburnamonine in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7004988 TI - [Left ventricular kinetics in bundle-branch block. Analysis by different methods in patients without coronary artery diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Radiological ventriculographic findings of twenty-three patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) without valvular heart disease and without evident coronarographic lesions are studied by means of six differents methods for quantitative evaluation of wall motion analysis. The patients are subdivided into two subgroups on the basis of hemodynamic criteria, but the results of wall motion studies are similar in both, if the values obtained are normalized for election fraction (EF). End-diastolic images of left ventricle are similar in both subgroups too, but very different from those of normals because apical region is characterized by rounded contour of images. The modes of contractility in LBBB patients evidence, after normalization by the same EF, hypercinetic motility of anterior wall. The patterns of contractility, shaped by progressive simulated EF, show that low EF are obtained through contraction of anterior wall. Greater EF are obtained by further uniform contraction of all the explored regions. The apical zone in LBBB patients is affected by persistent hypokinesis. PMID- 7004987 TI - [When to mobilize and when to discharge a myocardial infarct patient? Facts and opinions]. PMID- 7004990 TI - On the occasion of presentation of the Friedenwald Medal of the American Gastroenterological Association to Horace W. Davenport. PMID- 7004989 TI - [Different cardiovascular and hormonal consequences of A-V fistula in uremic patients (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors studied 11 uremic patients for whom it was necessary to make an arterio-venous (A-V) fistula for dialysis purposes. Before and after creation of the fistula, the following parameters were determined: arterial pressure (PA) heart rate (HR), peripheral vascular resistances (PVR), renin, adrenalin and nor adrenalin blood levels. The patients were divided in two groups according to the increase of the systolic output (SO) and o the cardiac index (CI) after the fistula (1st group of 5 patients: less than 30% increase of these values as compared to those before the fistula; 2nd group: more than 30% increase. By using Wilcoxon distribution free test it was possible to demonstrate the existence of a different condition, statistically significant in the two groups. In the 1st group of older patients (P < 0.05) where the systolic pressure values were greater (P < 0.05) and the indexes of the mechanical events of the left ventricle were altered, there was an increase of heart rate (P < 0.05), a moderate reduction of PVR (P < 0.01) and a very small increase of the systolic output and cardiac index (P < 0.01). Furthermore, in the 1st group, a left ventricular hypertrophy was observed, except in one case whereas this condition was constantly absent in the patients of the 2nd group. Patients of the 1st group had high nor-adrenalin blood levels, which did not change after the significantly after the creation of the fistula. In conclusion, an A-V fistula provokes two different hemodynamic behaviours which are related to age, pressure values, myocardial performance, presence of a left ventricular hypertrophy, PVR variations, and renin and nor-adrenalin blood levels. PMID- 7004991 TI - Renal and hemodynamic effects of the peritoneovenous shunt. II. Long-term effects. AB - The long-term renal and hemodynamic effects of the peritoneovenous shunt for intractable ascites were studied in 11 patients to elucidate the mechanism of its persistent beneficial effect. Sodium balance studies were performed in 7 patients. All had patent shunts and no clinically detectable ascites. On a 20-mEq sodium diet, the mean sodium excretion was 17.2 +/- 5.3 mEq/day which was increased over the preoperative mean of 2.4 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.025) on the same diet. There was a 100% increase in creatinine clearance over the preoperative level (p < 0.0005). The mean plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone levels were within normal limits in most patients, and the sodium excretion correlated inversely with the levels of each. During 100-mEq sodium challenge diet, the sodium excretion ranged from 4 to 130 mEq/day with a mean of 56.1 +/- 16.5 and with 6 of the 7 patients displaying sodium retention. On this diet the mean creatinine clearance was 104.3 +/- 6.4 ml/min, and the mean plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone levels had decreased physiologically with the higher sodium intake. Again the sodium excretion correlated inversely with the serum aldosterone on the 100-mEq sodium diet. In 8 patients, the portal pressure, as reflected by the wedge hepatic vein pressure, had decreased by a mean of 37% (p < 0.0005). But, despite this, 2 of the 8 patients had major variceal hemorrhages postoperatively. There was a significant inverse correlation between the increase in sodium excretion and the fall in portal pressure in 4 patients. Thus, sodium retention in cirrhosis is multifactorial with the reninaldosterone system and, possibly, portal hypertension per se both playing a role. Peritoneovenous shunting in carefully selected patients partially reverses the sodium retention and renders patients more manageable over the long term. PMID- 7004992 TI - A consideration of the adverse effects of cimetidine. AB - The value of cimetidine in treatment of duodenal ulcer and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome appears to be well established. The drug has been enthusiastically embraced and widely used by practicing physicians. As with virtually all drugs used in the practice of medicine, cimetidine is not without its adverse effects. In some instances these effects may result from actions of cimetidine on H2 receptors on many widely distributed and diverse cells other than parietal cells, to which its potent acid-inhibiting properties are directed. Other adverse effects of cimetidine may be idiosyncratic, and, therefore, not predictable on a pharmacologic basis. In some instances the mechanisms responsible for cimetidine's adverse effects hav e yet to be defined. An assortment of abnormalities reported in patients receiving cimetidine have been suggested, but not proven, to represent adverse effects of the drug. Considering its extremely wide use, serious toxicity with cimetidine is rare. However, no potent drug, including cimetidine, used in the practice of medicine is without its adverse effects. Recognizing the present and projected extensive and probably long-term use of cimetidine, physicians and surgeons treating patients with cimetidine must maintain continued surveillance in order to detect and clarify potential undesired consequences of cimetidine administration. PMID- 7004993 TI - Glucose tolerance, non-nutrient drink, and gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 7004994 TI - Hypoxia of canine gastric mucosa caused by Escherichia coli sepsis and prevented with methylprednisolone therapy. AB - To test the hypothesis that sepsis causes in vivo changes in nutrient microcirculatory blood flow to gastric surface epithelium, cellular oxygenation (PO2), and transmembrane potential difference, measured by an ultramicroelectrode, were studied before, during, and after a 1-h intravenous infusion of live E. coli organisms. A "high-dose" infusion (1.0-1.4 x 10(10) organisms/kg) resulted in a hyperdynamic septic state; a "low-dose" infusion (0.3 0.7 x 10(10) organisms/kg) caused no significant systemic hemodynamic changes except a decline in mean arterial blood pressure. Both doses, however, caused a significant and persistent decline in epithelial PO2 and potential difference. The rate of fall was dose-related but was not related to total gastric blood flow, which remained normal with both high- and low-dose infusions. Treatment with methylprednisolone 30 min after the start of infusion ameliorated mucosal hypoxia and restored potential difference to normal; recovery was maintained for 2 h after the septic insult. Light microscopy of the gastric mucosa subjected to high-dose infusion showed focal and confluent interstitial edema with evaluation of surface epithelium away from dilated capillaries in the lamina propria near the apices of the faveoli. Methylprednisolone treatment completely prevented these changes. We conclude that hypoxia of gastric surface epithelium at a time when total gastric blood flow is normal reflects impairment of nutrient subepithelial microcirculatory blood flow. Decline in transmembrane potential difference before cellular PO2 reaches rate-limiting concentrations indicates that sepsis has a dual effect: direct inhibition of epithelial metabolism as well as redistribution of microcirculatory blood flow. Methylprednisolone provided dramatic protection to the canine gastric mucosa, enhancing microcirculatory blood flow to apical gastric epithelium, maintaining normal capillary permeability and protecting cellular function during and after sepsis. PMID- 7004995 TI - A prospective trial of steroid therapy in severe viral hepatitis. The prognostic significance of bridging necrosis. AB - A prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial of corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis has been conducted. At the same time, we have examined the prognostic significance of the presence of bridging necrosis in liver biopsies obtained from such patients as well as the predictive value of certain serologic markers. Forty-two of the 77 patients admitted to the trial were shown to have bridging necrosis on their initial biopsies. Two patients progressed to death with massive hepatic necrosis, while 5 patients developed chronic liver disease. A complicated course could not be predicted by the initial biopsy findings nor by any of the serologic markers assessed. We could not identify any clinical or epidemiologic features with prognostic impact. No advantage was demonstrated to be associated with the use of corticosteroids early in the course of severe viral hepatitis. PMID- 7004997 TI - Functional implications of liver cell heterogeneity. PMID- 7004998 TI - The demise of corticosteroid therapy for acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7004996 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural studies on parietal cell regeneration in experimental ulcers in rat gastric mucosa. AB - The regeneration of parietal cells was studied in rat gastric mucosa. For this purpose wounds were produced by cauterization of the corpus mucosa in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were killed at 30, 60, 90, 130, and 260 days postoperatively, six at each time. Sham-operated rats, killed at 60 and 260 days, served as controls. Stereologic data were obtained by electron microscopy of 10 20 parietal cells in each animal. At 90 days immature parietal cells appeared in the center of the wound. These cells were characterized by large nuclei, small mitochondrial volume density, and few tubulo-vesicles. With further regeneration the parietal cells became ultrastructurally mature, but their total volume in the mucosa remained subnormal. Also the epithelial cell volume density was lower than normal after 260 days of healing. PMID- 7004999 TI - Effect of motilin on the gastric emptying of glucose and fat in humans. AB - The effect of natural motilin on the rate of gastric emptying of 200 ml 25% glucose was studied in seven subjects using a 99mtechnetium tin colloid marker. On the control day the subjects received intravenous saline while on the test day they received a motilin infusion of 0.2 pmol/kg/min. Infusions were blind and given in random order. Thirty minutes after glucose ingestion, 25.5 +/- 2% of the isotope had emptied during motilin infusion, compared with 11.0 +/- 1.5% with saline (p < 0.005). Plasma motilin concentrations rose from a basal value of 23 +/- 5 pM to 57 +/- 9 pM during the motilin infusion. The faster emptying rates after motilin were reflected in a faster rise of plasma glucose and insulin. The rate of emptying of 99mtechnetium-labeled double cream (200 ml, 24 g fat) was measured in 5 subjects. The rate of gastric emptying of the cream was unaffected by exogenous motilin. Gel chromatographic analysis of basal plasmas revealed two immunoreactive motilin peaks. After ingestion of cream during motilin infusion, there was an increase of the second peak but a reduction of the first peak whereas both peaks rose on the control day. Thus low-dose exogenous motilin stimulates the gastric emptying of glucose but not of fat. PMID- 7005000 TI - Effects of thyroidectomy and triiodothyronine administration on rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The effect of thyroidectomy on the activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and on the rate of ethanol elimination was determined in the rat. Thyroidectomy resulted in a marked increase in liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Three isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase activity were demonstrated in thyroidectomized animals by starch gel electrophoresis, as compared with two in sham-operated control animals. Triiodothyronine administration decreased the enzyme activity in control animals, and suppressed the enhanced activity in thyroidectomized animals. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by triiodothyronine in vitro was found to be competitive with respect to NAD+ and uncompetitive with respect to ethanol in both contrast and thyroidectomized animals. Thyroidectomy did not result in any changes in the rate of ethanol elimination. The cytosolic free NAD+/NADH ratio decreased after ethanol administration in both control and thyroidectomized animals, while the mitochondrial-free NAD+/NADH ratio decreased only in the control animals. These results indicate that the thyroid is a repressor of liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. A defect in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria appears to limit the rate of ethanol elimination in thyroidectomized animals with increased liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7005002 TI - [Stereology in research and practice. Symposium of the Society for Topochemistry and Electron Microscopy of the GDR and the Section of Medicine of the Humboldt University of Berlin on 26-27 October 1978 in Berlin]. PMID- 7005001 TI - The psyche and the stomach. A historical vignette. PMID- 7005003 TI - [Theoretical basis for the numerical evaluation of object distribution in cut sections]. AB - A detailed evaluation of object distributions from area distributions is only possible by means of geometric-statistical investigations. A general integral equation for the solving of this problem is derived for any populations of similar objects. For the problem of spheres the WICKSELL equation can be derived. PMID- 7005004 TI - [Systematic principles for quantitative pathomorphological studies]. AB - The single steps are depicted of an analysis of biological systems by quantitative pathomorphological investigations. After mathematical description and modelling, principles and biological laws can be formulated. The complex view of the problems should provide a theoretical base for the prospective development of quantitative pathomorphology. PMID- 7005005 TI - Estimation of sheet thickness distributions from linear and plane sections. AB - A biological "membrane" or a "barrier" can often be modelled by a sheet, namely a portion of space comprised between 2 smooth, quasi-parallel faces, such that sheet thickness is in general variable but very small in relation to face extent. Sheet thickness measurements are often of interest to the morphometrist, the physiologist and the pathologist. In the present paper, some stereological techniques are developed for estimating true sheet thickness distributions, and their moments, from the apparent thickness or intercept length measurements obtained, respectively, via random plane or linear sections. An important premise for the models to work is that of isotropic random ("non-preferential") sheet orientation relative to the sectioning probe. PMID- 7005006 TI - [Correction of nuclear volume fraction and specific surface area from random nucleated sections of cells with structured surfaces]. AB - Correction procedures are proposed for the nuclear volume fraction (Vvn) and the specific surface area (Svc) of single cell populations which allow to calculate true values of Vvn and Svc from biased samples of nucleated sections. The methods can be applied on the understanding that the cells have an approximately spherical basic shape and that cells of eventually existing different size classes are geometrically similar; any regular shape of the nucleus is not necessary. The correction formulas are especially suitable for cells with an extremely folded cell membrane surface. The procedures are tested on four populations of peritoneal cells and the results are compared with those of correction formulas derived from the sphere-in-sphere model. PMID- 7005007 TI - [A graphical method for the correction of nuclear volume fraction and specific surface area of the cell membrane from random nucleated sections of cells]. AB - An empirical graphical method is described for the correction of the nuclear volume fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of tme fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of tme fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of the (analysed) "cell stumps" containing nuclear profiles and the "cell caps" lacking nuclear profiles (which were excluded from the stereological estimation). Prerequisites for the application of the method are an approximately spherical shape of the basic cell body and the geometrical similarity of eventually occuring size classes of the cells. The graphical method was checked on peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes as well as on corresponding cell model systems. The results have been compared with mathematical methods derived from sphere-in-sphere geometrical models. The graphical methods gave results generally comparable to those from methematical methods. Provided that the shape and position of the nucleus inside the cell as well as the structure of the cell surface showed considerable differences to the geometrical models underlying the mathematical corrections, the graphical method was superior, and should be favoured in such cases. On ideal sphere-in-sphere models, the mathematical methods derived from those models should be applied. PMID- 7005008 TI - [Problems with the morphometric-stereologic measurement of biomembranes]. AB - In seeking to draw comparisons between surface density Sv estimates of various organelle membranes, it becomes apparent that main classes of data may be recognised. In the 1st (class A) there is a relatively good agreement between the uncorrected Sv values obtained in different research laboratories, e.g. the boundary membranes of mitochondria, lysosomes and nuclei. In the 2nd class (class B) fall estimates for organelles or organelle sub-compartments whose membrane boundardies cannot be everywhere reliably predicted when they form but vague images on the micrograph, e.g. cristae and membranes of the rough and smooth ER, i.e. class B membranes do not fulfil the assumption for morphometric counting that the identification on section is unambiguous (WEIBEL). For these class B membranes Sv estimates are often more widely discrepant for 2 main reasons. The 1st is connected with the difficulties in finding suitable correction factors which correct either for underestimation of membranes (due to membranes oriented obliquely to the axis of the electron beam) or overestimation due to the Holmes effect. The 2nd equally important reason lies in the subjectivity of the analyser who has to decide to count or not to count vague membrane images. In order to show the insecurities of class B membrane Sv estimates when presenting data it is proposed to abandon the 2nd and 3rd decimal. 2 proposals are made to tackle the problems connected with Sv estimates of class B membranes: Firstly a new method of obtaining a correction factor is presented and secondly, a rigorous standardisation of the criteria used for defining membrane profile intersections. Examples of the latter are shown. PMID- 7005009 TI - [Effect of preparation procedures on the calculation of average cell volumes from stereological data]. AB - The shrinkage of peritoneal cell during the electron microscopical preparation was investigated by means of a special device. Independently of the procedure of fixation after critical point drying the cells exhibit only 54 to 59% of the original diameter (residual volume about 18%). The reduction of cell diameter after Epon embedding is about 25%, corresponding to a residual volume of 40%. PMID- 7005010 TI - [Empiric regression as a method for "parameter-free" refining and evaluation of morphometric data for functional stochastic relations between random variables]. AB - The statistical resp. numerical procedures of empirical regression give an objective and prejudice-free possibility for quantitative description of functional-stochastic connections between random variables. This will be explaned by heuristical arguments illustrated at an example of histophotometrical measurements. Also the possibilities are shown for application of empirical regression procedures for a quantitative characterization of the systematical component in time series of morphometrical datas and for separation of such a trend component out of the time series. PMID- 7005011 TI - [Multivariable EDV-program for light and electron microscopic morphometry]. AB - A computer program for morphometry and stereology in which conventional morphometric and stereological data acquisition (direct linear measurement, point counting technique) is used and which is designed for variable application of conventional and electron microscopy is presented. There are several program variants and magnification stages each designed for a different structural level. There is fixed number of essential subcellular, cellular and extracellular structures for different kinds of tissue (myocardial, liver and connective tissue), but this number can be enlarged with each stage of magnification and for each measured parameter by reserving free places for evaluating additional structures. Thanks to the extended program and to the fact that these free places are interchangeable, the program can be used independently of the kind of tissue examined and of the kind of morphological information sought. The program structure is realized by means of a master control and 4 external subprograms. The statistical analysis of the morphometric stereological parameters is calculated by image, case by case or group by group. The mean values of the calculated primary and secondary parameters, the standard errors and the standard error/mean value ratio are printed out. All common stereological parameters and the essential cellular and extracellular structures of different kinds of tissue are described in quantitative terms with the aid of the program. PMID- 7005012 TI - [Problems of statistical evaluation of stereological data from single cells]. AB - A definition of morphometrical parameters of single cell populations is given. Methods for estimating these quantities (confidence estimation included) are described. For the comparison of equivalent parameters of 2 cell populations 2 statistical test procedures replacing the common t-test, are discussed. In addition, a homogeneity test is proposed for comparing the distributions of morphometrical data. PMID- 7005013 TI - Morphometric studies of cell nuclei by means of image analysis and computer data processing. AB - A review of the recent results of the authors in the field of morphometric studies of Feulgen-stained cell nuclei is given. The data acquisition with Quantimet 720 and data processing with computer were used in the study. The discrimination between male and female cell nuclei from buccal smears on the basis of morphometric data is described. The morphometry-based classification of cells from vaginal smears according to the computer procedure is presented. The results are discussed in the context of the general strategy of morphometric work. PMID- 7005014 TI - [Morphometry and densitometry with the aid of automatic image analysis]. AB - Method and effectiveness of recording primary morphometrical and densitometrical data by picture processing are compared with classical test point methods. The advantages of picture processing are demonstrated by measing of mitochondria. PMID- 7005015 TI - [Possibilities for automatic quantitative image analysis of cell organelles stained ultrahistochemically]. AB - Metal-containing secretory granules of alpha 2-cells of the Langerhans' islets of normal and alloxandiabetic rats were stained for electron microscopy by a special method. Thereafter the electron micrographs were analysed by the Quantimet 720 image analysing computer with respect to size of the granules and their quantitative distribution in classes. The following statistical tests verified significant differences between the distributions of the granules under normal and diabetic conditions. The secretory granules from alloxandiabetic animals were diminished distinctly. The examination by image analysing computer confirmed objectively observations, we have made and published formerly. PMID- 7005016 TI - [Pregnancy following renal transplants (author's transl)]. AB - Women with uremia are usually infertile. Following successful renal transplants ovarian function resumes and conception becomes possible. Two cases of pregnancy following renal transplants are reported. The first patient had a Caesarean section at 33 weeks gestation for maternal indications, the second patient had a Caesarean section at 36 weeks gestation because of premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes. Both mothers and infants are in satisfactory condition. The problems of pregnancies following renal transplants are discussed and the literature since 1963 is reviewed. Pregnancy following renal transplantation is a high risk pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus. These high risks are acceptable if close supervision of the pregnancy by the nephrologist, gynaecologist and paediatrician are possible and if co-operation of the mother is satisfactory. PMID- 7005017 TI - Common errors in tooth preparation. PMID- 7005018 TI - Acanthomatous ameloblastoma of the maxilla. PMID- 7005019 TI - Acid-etched anterior fixed partial prosthesis. PMID- 7005020 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: a review of the literature. PMID- 7005021 TI - Faster, neater, more accurate rubber base impressions. PMID- 7005023 TI - [Simple method of determining the R(xi) parameter of a half-chromatid chiasma]. AB - Comparison of a point mutant of T4 phage with a deletion one in two-factor crosses against other point mutants demonstrated that at equal distances the deletion marker gave constantly lower frequencies of wild-type recombinants than the point marker did. The pattern of the distance dependence of this difference in the frequencies of recombinants agrees well with the hypothesis that mismatched regions formed by deletion markers undergo repair to the mutant allele with a probability close to unity. The equations have been obtained, connecting the frequency of the wild-type recombinants in a cross between two point mutants with the analogous frequency in a cross between a deletion marker and a point one. Analysis of the experimental data by means of these equations enabled the critical frequency R (xi) (recombination frequency between two point mutants separated by a distance equal to the mean length of hybrid region) to be measured in two independent ways. PMID- 7005022 TI - [Formal genetic study of the enzymology of T4 phage recombination. I. Effect of the antimutational T4 DNA-polymerase on noncorrection-type recombination]. AB - Effect of temperature sensitive antimutator L42 allele of gene 43 of T4 phage on the parameters of non-correction-type mechanism of genetic recombination have been studied under permissive conditions. By comparison of a point mutant with a deletion one, the critical frequency R (xi) corresponds to recombination between two markers separated by a distance equal to mean genetic length of the hybrid region was measured to be 4.15-10(-2). This value exceeds the frequency R (xi) determined with the parallel data in normal (43+) crosses by a factor of 1.6. The length of the hybrid region was shown not to change in the presence of L42 allele. The frequency of formation of the hybrid regions with recombinant flanks and of those with parental flanks increases in the presence of L42 by a factor of 1.3 and 1.8 respectively. PMID- 7005024 TI - [Mutagenic effect of combined exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen or angelicin and long wave ultraviolet light in uvs-strains of Aspergillus nidulans]. AB - Combined mutagenic effect of near ultraviolet irradiation (NUV, lambda > 320 nm) and angelicin, which forms monoadducts, or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), which forms monoadducts and cross-links in DNA, were studied in uvs and uvs+ strains of Aspergillus nidulans. Mutations were induced intensively by both kinds of furocumarins. The induction of mutations by angelicin testifies the significance of psoralen-pyrimidine monoadducts in mutagenesis. Using the method of fractionating NUV-irradiation and studying the influence of monoadducts repair to the mutation frequency, it is found the interstrand crosslinks of DNA induced by 8-MOP plus NUV are also nighly mutagenic. The products of genes uvs 12, uvs 20b and uvs 26, acting in DNA excision repair, do not participate in forming the mutations induced by furocumarins plus NUV in Aspergillus nidulans. The products of genes uvs 19, uvs 20a, participating in DNA post-replicative repair, are important for repair of premutational damages induced by furocumarins plus NUV. PMID- 7005025 TI - [X-ray-induced DNA degradation in Aspergillus nidulans cells. Comparative analysis of UV- and Xray-induced DNa degradation]. AB - X-ray irradiation of Aspergillus nidulans wild strain cells from logarithmic phase of growth lead to delay of DNA synthesis. Insignificant enzymatic DNA degradation accomplished with its repair takes place. There is no direct dependence between doses of irradiation and levels of DNA degradation. Investigation of X-ray induced DNA degradation in the number of uvs-mutants has demonstrated the existence of two branches of DNA degradation: dependent and independent on external source of energy. Dependence of DNA degradation on the protein synthesis before and after irradiation was observed. It is proposed that the level of X-ray induced DNA degradation is determined by two protein systems: initiating and terminating DNA degradation. The comparative analysis of UV- and X ray induced DNA degradation is carried out. PMID- 7005026 TI - [Production of directed mutations in T7 phage by transfecting Escherichia coli using locally alkylated T7 DNA]. AB - Modified polyribonucleotides carrying a number of alkylating groups were used for alkylation of complementary sites of DNA to induce gene-directed mutations. Polyfunctional alkylating mustard, N,N,N'-tri-(beta-chloroethyl)-N'-(p formylphenyl)-propylene diamine-1,3, moieties were attached to T7 phage early transcripts. The transcripts modified to 4-5% were hybridized with T7 DNA to form R-loops, and RNA molecules were covalently bound to the complementary DNA sites as a result of the activation of RNA carried alkylating groups. T7 DNA molecules alkylated by modified RNAs transcribed from 0.3 and 1.1 T7 phage genes were used for transfection of Escherichia coli. In the progeny of phages generated by the transfection of 24 negative colonies, 3 contained double amber mutants in amounts of 2-10%. Complementation tests permitted to assign all mutations to the same complementation group. Recombination analysis established that one of the mutations concerns gene 0.3. The results of complementation studies indicate that the second mutation, with high probability, concerns gene 1.1. PMID- 7005027 TI - [Mitochondria antibiotic-resistance mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their recombination and effect on induction of respiration-deficient mitochondrial mutations by ethyl alcohol]. AB - The locus of neomycin resistance is located at near equal distances from the loci of erythromycin and oligomycin resistance on mitDNA, as the analysis of recombination frequencies between three markers has shown in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae descending from XII race. We studied the influence of the resistance to these antibiotics on the yield of spontaneous and induced by 24% ethanol rho- mutations in 2 haploid and 126 diploid strains of yeast. All of the neomycin resistant strains were characterized by significantly lower level of spontaneous mutations in comparison with other strains. Ethanol did not induce rho- mutagenesis in neomycin resistant strains or slightly increased it (up to 2-4%). However ethanol increased the yield of these mutations up to 58% in neomycin sensitive strain. The killing effect of ethanol on diploid strains did not depend on their genotype. PMID- 7005028 TI - [Relation between Escherichia coli K-12 viability and mutability and the balance between DNA and protein synthesis. IV. Relation between disruptions in the balance between DNA and protein synthesis and the mutability and viability of cells exposed to ultraviolet and gamma radiation or treated with N-methyl-N nitroso-N'-nitrosoguanidine]. AB - It has been established that the restoring of the disturbed DNA and protein syntheses balance in cells exposed to UV- and gamma-irradiation or nitrosoguanidine treatment, brought about by the inhibition of the protein synthesis, differently affects mutagenic and lethal effects of these irradiations. In case of UV-irradiation and NG-treatment, inhibition of the protein synthesis increases lethal and decreases mutagenic effects, while gamma irradiation results in a decrease of both lethal and mutagenic effects. It has been shown that the difference in response to protein synthesis inhibition with respect to mutagenic and lethal effects of UV- and gamma-irradiation is determined by the cell genotype and the nature of the DNA damage. PMID- 7005029 TI - Stopping nosebleeds in the elderly: pressure, cautery, or packing? PMID- 7005030 TI - [Terbutaline in threatened premature labor]. PMID- 7005031 TI - [Historic, cultural, legal, psychosocial and educational aspects of induced abortion]. PMID- 7005033 TI - Demonstration of IgA and secretory component in human hepatocytes. AB - By the immunoperoxidase technique, immunoglobulin A(IgA) was demonstrated in 50% of human hepatocytes. The positively stained cells showed a tendency towards periportal clustering. Very few plasma cells were identified in the liver. The intrahepatocyte IgA is most probably derived from serum and on its way to the bile ducts. Secretory component (SC) had the same distribution as that of IgA. The presence of SC in the hepatocytes reflects either the synthesis of SC or the transport of pre-assembled SC-IgA by liver cells. The significance of transfer of IgA from serum into bile is as yet unknown. However, the transhepatic passage of IgA may represent a reinforcement of local intestinal immunity, as part of the gut-originated IgA antibodies, which fail to go through the intestinal mucosa, may still gain access to the lumen of the gut. PMID- 7005034 TI - Cardiac pre-ejection period during prenatal life. AB - Perinatal clinicians are confronted with the problem that they are supposed to gather information about the condition of the unborn child almost exclusively by monitoring the rate of the fetal heart. Human heart rate recording, however, is no more or less informative in utero than in the newborn nursery. Determination of the pre-ejection period (PEP) of the fetal heart might provide information regarding the performance of the heart of the human fetus in utero and about its cardiovascular adjustments during fetal distress. On the verge of introduction of clinical human fetal PEP monitoring, this article presents a review of the results obtained from chronically instrumented fetal animals as well as some preliminary data from human perinatal research. Finally, possible future developments in human fetal PEP recording are anticipated and it is concluded that the most promising feature of the PEP for clinical use appears to be its predictive value as an early antepartum indicator of possible fetal distress during subsequent labor. PMID- 7005035 TI - Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: a comparison of acetylsalicylic acid, placebo and phenprocoumon. PMID- 7005032 TI - [Possibilities of using computer analysis in the diagnosis of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7005036 TI - [The character and function of mononuclear cells in the spleen and peripheral blood in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7005038 TI - [Leo-insulins in the treatment of diabetes. Experiences from an internal medicine practice]. AB - An account is given on the long-term control of 27 unselected diabetics treated with Leo insulins in private internal medical practice. Both primary adjustments in recently manifested juvenile diabetes and change-over from other insulins or oral antidiabetics were carried out as outpatient treatment. Thorough training of the patient, which is a prerequisite to successful cooperation between the diabetic and his physician, is just as important as regular metabolic check-ups. The therapeutic results was considerably improved using Leo insulins. While 26 out of 27 patients were inadequately compensated before the beginning of therapy, the subsequent observation revealed very good adjustment in 11, good adjustment in 3 and satisfactory adjustment in 4 patients. PMID- 7005037 TI - [Reconstruction of total loss of fingers by free sensory dorsalis pedis flap and Matev procedure]. PMID- 7005039 TI - [Urological emergencies in general practice. 2. Diagnosis and therapy of anuria]. PMID- 7005041 TI - Structure and infrastructure. PMID- 7005040 TI - [Origin and development of suicide prevention in German-language psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005042 TI - The treatment of chronic peptic ulcer. PMID- 7005043 TI - Surgical therapy of gastric ulcer. PMID- 7005044 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of gastric malignancies. PMID- 7005045 TI - New aspects on epidemiology, genetics, and dynamics of chronic gastritis. PMID- 7005047 TI - Gastric motility. PMID- 7005046 TI - Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of benign gastric tumours. PMID- 7005048 TI - The epidemiology and pathogenesis of gastric ulcer. PMID- 7005050 TI - The epidemiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastritis: three etiologic entites. PMID- 7005049 TI - Epidemiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. PMID- 7005052 TI - The dual regulation of calcium efflux from pancreatic islets. AB - Calcium fluxes in islet cells were investigated by monitoring the efflux of 45Ca from prelabelled and perifused rat pancreatic islets. Glucose 16.7 mM provokes an initial fall followed 3 to 4 minutes later by a dramatic increase in 45Ca efflux. Both movements represent sustained phenomena which can be masked by one another. They both depend on the integrity of glucose metabolism and are also observed in response to other nutrients such as glyceraldehyde and alpha-keto-isocaproate. The secondary rise, which only occurs in the presence of extracellular calcium is thought to correspond to a Ca-Ca exchange mechanism and hence to reflect an increase in the rate of 40Ca influx. The initial fall in 45Ca efflux depends on the presence of extracellular sodium. Manipulation of the extracellular sodium concentration indicates the existence in islet cells of a glucose-sensitive Na-Ca counter transport process conceivably responsible for active extrusion of calcium. Inhibition of such a process appears to be the mechanism by which glucose initially reduced 45Ca efflux. By both decreasing the exit and increasing the entry of calcium into the beta-cell, glucose may provoke a sufficient intracellular accumulation of calcium to trigger insulin release. PMID- 7005051 TI - The nature of the oscillatory behaviour in electrical activity from pancreatic beta-cell. AB - The typical burst pattern of electrical activity recorded from beta-cells of mouse islets in the presence of 11.1 mM glucose has been compared from 225 cells in terms of two parameters: relative duration of the active phase and periodicity of the oscillations between active and silent phases. The two parameters show different distributions, Gaussian and bimodal respectively. Burst periodicity was found to increase dramatically at external potassium concentrations below 2mM, while the relative duration of the active phase was little affected at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Increasing external calcium concentration significantly increased the amplitude of the bursts but greatly decreased the relative duration of the active phase. Quinine, in the absence of glucose, induced depolarization and electrical activity and stimulated insulin release from perifused mouse islets; spike frequency and insulin release followed a monophasic pattern. A model has been proposed for the beta-cell explaining the experimental results in terms of a feedback mechanism between calcium permeability activated by depolarization of the cell membrane and potassium permeability activated by an increase in the concentration of intracellular ionized calcium [Ca2+]i. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that a [Ca2+]i-dependent potassium permeability, specifically blocked by quinine, controls membrane potential and insulin release. PMID- 7005053 TI - Calcium ultracytochemistry in pancreatic B-cells. AB - Ultracytochemical studies in B-cells using the pyroantimonate technique in combination with x-ray microanalysis demonstrated calcium deposits in association with structures of functional importance. In a series of experiments precipitate distribution has been shown to depend on the functional state of the B-cell. Increased calcium precipitation during stimulation of insulin secretion occurred at the cell membranes, in the ground plasma and the halos of the secretory granules. If these data bear functional relevance and are not only concomitant effects of the activated secretory apparatus on pyroantimonate precipitation, they may point to a direct involvement of calcium in some early steps of exocytosis and in granule transport mechanisms. PMID- 7005054 TI - Nucleoside-stimulated insulin production by isolated mouse pancreatic islets. AB - Purine ribonucleosides were found to be as potent stimulators of proinsulin biosynthesis as glucose, adenosine being effective at very low concentrations (0.1 mM). Some pyrimidine nucleosides together with 2-deoxyribonucleoside (thymidine) were also potent stimulants. The single components of nucleosides (pentoses and bases) had no, or only slight, stimulatory effects. Nucleosides added to a low-glucose culture medium were found to replace glucose as a long term stimulant of the insulin biosynthesis of islets in culture. Adenosine stimulated insulin secretion from perifused islets was biphasic, although kinetic differences were observed as compared with glucose stimulation. The rate of oxidation of [U-14C]-adenosine was dose dependent, whereas no production of 14CO2 was obtained during incubation of islets in [8-14C]-adenosine. Oxidation of 14C labelled glucose was depressed by addition of adenosine. The results add further support to the view that nucleoside-stimulated insulin secretion and biosynthesis are modulated through metabolic signals. PMID- 7005056 TI - Membrane surface interactions involved in insulin secretion. AB - Laser light-scattering techniques have been used to study the effects of polyanions on the time-dependent interaction of (i) polystyrene particles and (ii) insulin-containing granules isolated from pancreatic islets. New evidence of a major effect of polyanions on secretory granule aggregation is presented. The possible importance of intracellular polyanions in restricting the aggregation and hence fusion of secretory granules, especially in the presence of Ca2+, is discussed. PMID- 7005055 TI - The role of Ca2+ as a trigger for membrane fusion. AB - As revealed by freeze-fracturing, secretory vesicles isolated from pancreatic islet cells fuse when incubated with low concentration of Ca2+. The properties of this process are described and were found to be similar to those investigated with isolated secretory vesicles from different tissue origin. Secretory vesicle fusion is compared mainly with the ionic requirements of insulin secretion by the pancreatic B-cells and exocytosis by other secretory cells. PMID- 7005057 TI - Changes in membrane lipids of the beta-cell during insulin secretion. AB - The effect of insulin secretion on the turnover of phospholipids in the pancreatic beta-cell was determined by following the fate, during secretion, of phospholipids prelabelled with 3H-glycerol. The secretion of insulin in response to glucose (20mM) plus isobutyl-methylxanthine (0.5mM) was associated with a calcium dependent increase in the turnover of the major classes of phospholipids and an increase production of 1:2 diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. In addition, changes in the fatty acid composition of the beta-cell, during insulin secretion, were determined. There was an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids relative to saturated fatty acids during stimulation by glucose (20mM) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (0.5mM). The results of this study suggest that there are marked changes in the phospholipid composition of the beta cell during insulin secretion. The regulation of such changes may play an important role in controlling the rate of insulin secretion. PMID- 7005059 TI - The role of actin in the secretory cycle. AB - Binding of filamentous actin to isolated insulin storage granules has been demonstrated in an in vitro system; this binding is enhanced by 2 mM ATP, but is diminished in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. It is unaffected by glucose or by cyclic AMP. Estimation of the actin content of isolated rat islets by DNAase inhibition indicates that G-actin constitutes 1 to 2% of the protein content of the islets, that 50 to 70% of the actin content of the islets is present as the depolymerized globular from (G-actin), and that the proportion of F-actin found may be increased in islets incubated in the presence of 20mM glucose. Thus both the proportions of G- and F-actin, and the binding of granules to F-actin may be important in the regulation of rates of insulin secretion. PMID- 7005058 TI - Microtubule interactions in islets of Langerhans. AB - Morphologic and functional studies have implicated islet microtubules in the transport of the B-cell secretory product form the endoplasmic reticulum to the peripheral pool of secretory vesicles. The participation of the microtubular apparatus in the insulin release mechanism appears to be mediated through an increased rate of tubulin synthesis and of tubulin polymerization, two possible sites for a physiologic and pharmacologic regulation of hormone discharge. It is conceivable that cytoplasmic microtubules from either a rigid cytoskeleton which facilitates hormone transport by establishing n intracellular organization or act as a motion generating system along which the secretory vesicles are actively transported to the cell periphery. The existence of an eventual interaction between secretory vesicles and islet microtubules has been examined by measuring I123-tubulin binding to various subcellular fractions. In working out the experimental procedure on liver tissue, tubulin was found to bind to all subcellular fractions being most pronounced in the microsomial fraction; in the cytosol, tubulin was incorporated into high molecular weight complexes. Similar results were obtained with islet subcellular fractions, binding per microgram protein being tenfold higher than in liver tissue. In view of the calcium-induced increase in tubulin binding to islet subcellular fractions, and of the high affinity of tubulin and secretory vesicles for calcium, it is suggested that a calcium stimulated bridge - eventually microfilamentous in nature - might link the growing microtubules to the secretory vesicles and could, as such, participate in the intracellular transport of the secretory product. PMID- 7005060 TI - Glycolytic intermediates and signals for carbohydrate-induced insulin release. PMID- 7005061 TI - Changes of function and metabolism of the pancreatic B-cell caused by amino acids and related compounds. AB - Evidence is presented that, to explain the insulin releasing capacity of L leucine, b-BCH or alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), the following alternatives must be considered: 1. Interaction of the unchanged molecules with specific B-cell membrane receptors triggers insulin release. Stimulation of metabolism is a consequence of these events. 2. Primary enhancement of intramitochondrial hydrogen production triggers insulin secretion which could modulate metabolism. 3. Combination of mechanism 1 and 2: a) Additive effects of 1 and 2. b) Potentiation of 1 by 2. c) Potentiation of 2 by 1. 4. Different control of first phase or second phase of insulin release by 1, 2, or 3. PMID- 7005062 TI - Fuel and signal function of 2-keto acids in insulin secretion. AB - The stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islet tissue by 2 ketoisocaproate was accompanied by a characteristic electrophysiological response and by increases in islet net uptake of 45Ca and respiratory activity. These parameters were closely correlated to changes in islet keto acid content, islet NADPH/NADP+ ratio and to the rates of 2-ketoisocaproate catabolism and amination. The production of 14CO2 from [U-14C]2-ketoisocaproate was reduced by the addition of valine, isovalerate, glutamine or pyruvate to the incubation media. Such an effect, however, did not correspond to the response of insulin secretion of 45Ca uptake observed in the presence of these substrates. These findings suggest that the metabolic sequence between the initial conversion of 2-ketoisocaproate to isovaleryl CoA and its subsequent transformation to acetoacetate and acetyl CoA was not the site of generation of a signal which initiated insulin release. The total rate of oxidation deduced from the sum of the rates of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]2-ketoisocaproate and the [U-14C]-labelled second substrate, however, did follow the secretory response of the tissue. It is proposed that reactions associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle are important to the stimulus secretion coupling mechanism of 2-ketoisocaproate-induced insulin release. The question of whether such reactions participate in the generation of a signal which initiates insulin secretion or merely reflect the energetic demands of the secretory process is discussed. PMID- 7005064 TI - The interplay between metabolic and cationic events in islet cells: coupling factors and feedback mechanisms. AB - In the mechanism of glucose-stimulated insulin release, the coupling between glucose metabolism and the remodelling of cationic fluxes in the B-cell apparently represents a multifactorial process involving changes in the generation rate of H+, reducing equivalents and ATP. This process is susceptible to feedback regulatory mechanisms through which primary changes in cationic movements affect glucose metabolism. The interplay between metabolic and ionic events may participate in the rhythmogenesis of bioelectrical and secretory phenomena. PMID- 7005063 TI - Respiration of the pancreatic B-cell: effects of glucose and 2-aminonorbornane-2 carboxylic acid. AB - The rates of oxygen consumption and glucose oxidation were measured in isolated pancreatic islets of obese-hyperglycemic or normal mice. Sufficient analytical sensitivity was achieved by incubating islets in Cartesian divers, allowing accurate measurements of oxygen uptake in the range of 1 to 10 mug dry islet weight. The endogenous islet respiration proceeded at a constant rate for more than one hour. Glucose effected a rapid and lasting elevation of the respiratory rate which corresponded to the observed rate of glucose oxidation. An extended period of starvation led to a reduction in both oxygen uptake and glucose oxidation. Isolated islets maintained for seven days in tissue culture at a glucose concentration of 5.5 mM showed a pronounced increase in oxygen consumption when they were incubated with the nonmetabolizable insulin secretagogue b (+/-) BCH in the absence of glucose. The respiratory stimulation was less marked after culture at 3.3 mM glucose and only faint after culture at 16.7 mM glucose. A common feature of islets exposed to BCH in the absence of glucose was a gradual decline of respiration commencing 30 to 40 minutes after addition of BCH. Islets incubated with BCH in the presence of glucose displayed, however, no respiratory retardation. BCH produced only a weak stimulation of the islet glucose oxidation. It is concluded that BCH stimulates the endogenous substrate oxidation of the B-cells, possibly by affecting a noncarbohydrate pool of substrate. The observations add further support to the idea that the regulation of insulin release is linked to metabolic events in the B-cell. PMID- 7005065 TI - The potassium permeability of pancreatic islet cells: mechanisms of control and influence on insulin release. AB - The K+ permeability of pancreatic islet cells was evaluated by monitoring the efflux of 42K+ or 86Rb+ and measuring the uptake of 42K+ in rat islets. Glucose rapidly and reversibly reduces 42K+ (or 86Rb+) efflux without apparent effect on the rate of 42K+ uptake. This decrease in passive K+ permeability is not secondary to insulin release as it does not require extracellular Ca, and is most marked for changes in the glucose concentration between 3 and 6 mM. This property of glucose is shared by all metabolized sugars, but by none of the nonmetabolized sugars tested. Inhibition of glucose metabolism by islet cells prevents the sugar from decreasing their K+ permeability. Reduction of the redox couple NAD(P)H/NAD(P) appears to be an important link between glucose metabolism and the K+ system in the membrane. A pharmacological decrease of the potassium permeability in islet cells (by tetraethylammonium or 9 aminoacridine) potentiates (and to some extent even mimicks) the insulin-releasing property of glucose. A pharmacological increase (by valinomycin) of this permeability inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. The results clearly establish the importance of the decrease in the K+ permeability of B-cell membranes for the physiological response to the stimulation by glucose. PMID- 7005066 TI - Univalent ions in islet cell function. PMID- 7005067 TI - Characterization of iodinated derivatives of alpha-bungarotoxin. AB - The iodination of alpha-bungarotoxin and the reactivity of iodinated derivatives towards nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are described. 125I2- and 125I-alpha bungarotoxin can be resolved, but the latter was not separated from unreacted alpha-bungarotoxin. A study of the reactivities of the various forms of the toxin towards nicotinic acetylcholine receptor indicated that di-iodination had modified its reactivity. The 125I2-form bound with a slower rate constant than alpha-bungarotoxin to the receptor. 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin showed no modification of reactivity towards the receptor. Apart from the A280, two methods for calibrating 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin are described. They may be employed in the presence of other proteins. The first of these is an immunological assay using the complex formed between toxin and antitoxin antibodies. The second is a dilution assay, where competition between iodinated and noniodinated toxins for binding sites on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is exploited. PMID- 7005069 TI - Developing and managing HMOs: a guide for hospitals--part 1. AB - The types of HMOs, the reasons a hospital should or should not associate with one, and how to plan for HMO association and development are present in this first half of a two-part article. PMID- 7005068 TI - Interactions of boar acrosin with detergents. AB - The activity of boar acrosin was found to be stimulated up to 260% by non-ionic detergents if present in concentrations above their critical micelle concentration. In addition, the stability of acrosin was remarkably enhanced in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) detergents. Triton X-100 was found to reduce the affinity of acrosin to the synthetic inhibitor 6-amidino-2(4' methoxyphenyl)indole by the factor 2.9 when Ki values were measured in buffer solutions in the presence (0.1%, w/v) and absence of Triton X-100. Phospholipids did nearly completely abolish the acrosin activity, this effect being reversibly by addition of 0.1% (w/v) Triton X-100. These results are interpreted in terms of hydrophobic binding sites exposed on the surface of the acrosin molecule. Hence, for the first time data are presented characterizing acrosin as a membrane associated protein. PMID- 7005070 TI - Medical office buildings present many issues for consideration. AB - When a hospital is considering the construction of a medical office building, a number of options exist, each of which presents both advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 7005071 TI - Enamel hypoplasias as indicators of stress in three prehistoric populations from Illinois. PMID- 7005072 TI - Nesidioblastosis and other islet cell abnormalities in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of childhood. AB - The histologic findings are described in 16 subtotal pancreatectomies performed in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia over a 17 year period. All patients had nesidioblastosis, defined as the presence of small packets of two to 25 islet cells scattered throughout acinar tissue and separate from islets of Langerhans. The proliferating islet cells were a mixture of beta, alpha, and delta cells. Two histologic subgroups were apparent: Group I patients had diffuse hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans as well as nesidioblastosis, and group II patients had more subtle nesidioblastosis alone. The patients in groups I and II were remarkably age segregated. All but one of the group I patients were eight months old or younger. Group II patients ranged in age from three to 15 years. The incidence of nesidioblastosis in the patients undergoing pancreatectomy was higher than the incidence in a group of age matched autopsy controls. PMID- 7005074 TI - Old Chinese observation correlated to ABO groups. PMID- 7005078 TI - Isolation and identification of Clara cells from rabbit lung. AB - A procedure has been developed for the isolation of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) from rabbit lung. Following pulmonary lavage to eliminate macrophages, cells (5% Clara cells) were released by digestion with 0.1% Protease I in HEPES-buffered balanced salt solution containing 0.5 mM ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid instilled through the trachea. These cells were then separated on the basis of size using the Beckman JE-6 elutriator rotor. The fourth fraction collected from the elutriator contained about 30% Clara cells. This fraction was then layered on a two-polymer aqueous phase system consisting of 5% dextran T500 (DT) and 3.8% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) in sodium phosphate buffer. A cell fraction was obtained from the PEG phase, which included approximately 70% Clara cells. These cells were found to be greater than 90% viable by trypan blue dye exclusion. Identification of isolated Clara cells was confirmed by light microscopic observation of nitro blue tetrazolium staining and by ultrastructural characteristics as observed by electron microscopy. PMID- 7005077 TI - Immuno-overlay: a method for identification of hepatoma cell colonies that secrete albumin. AB - A screening technique was developed for the identification of clones of hepatoma cells that secrete albumin. The technique employs the overlay of a 1% agarose solution containing antiserum to albumin onto clones of hepatoma cells. A distinct immunoprecipitation complex is formed in the immuno-overlay that corresponds directly to the position of each secreting clone. Clones deficient in albumin secretion do not form an immunoprecipitate. Thus comparison of the immuno overlay and the cell colonies results in identification of variant clones as well as those capable of secretion. Biochemical characterization of the region of agarose overlay from secreting and nonsecreting clones demonstrates the specificity of the method and its potential for selection of colonies that are secreting other hepatic or cellular proteins. PMID- 7005075 TI - A survey on the formation and localization of secondary isozymes in mammalia. AB - A survey on the formation of secondary isozymes (= multiple molecular forms of enzymes) is given by means of well-documented enzyme systems. Further examples of a certain type of formation are summarized in tabular form. Eight different classes of enzyme variants deriving from translational processes are discussed. These are: aggregation, polymerization, oxidation and reduction of free SH groups, limited proteolysis, cleavage of carbohydrate residues, deamidation, noncovalent binding of coenzymes, and conformational isomerism. In addition, the intracellular distribution of secondary isozymes is discussed, as are the formation of artificial enzyme variants and the recognition of multiple enzyme forms caused by an exchange of neutral amino acids. About 200 original papers are cited. The reference list was completed in early 1979. PMID- 7005076 TI - Phenotypic conversion of human erythrocytes by H-Y antigen. AB - Human male erythrocytes absorb H-Y antiserum while those of human females do not. Studies on the mode of attachment of H-Y antigen to the erythrocyte membrane reveal: (1) After several washes H-Y antigen can only be removed from male erythrocytes and not from other male cells such as granulocytes. (2) Female erythrocytes absorb exogenous H-Y antigen and thus become H-Y positive. (3) Complement mediated lysis of erythrocytes by H-Y antiserum is not sex specific but is dependent on the ABO blood group type of the red blood cells. It is concluded that H-Y antigen is unspecifically attached to red blood cells and is therefore not an integral part of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7005073 TI - A synopsis of the human Y chromosome. AB - Phenotypic features and functions known to depend on the presence of the Y chromosome or the H-Y antigen are discussed in relation to structural anomalies of the Y chromosome and other abnormalities of sexual and somatic development. Recent knowledge about molecular organization of constitutive heterochromatin in relation to the human Y is presented. An attempt is made at assigning different functions, genes and DNA sequences to different regions of the Y chromosome. PMID- 7005079 TI - [Characteristics and function of enterotoxins of gram negative bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - Several factors are important for the pathogenesis of bacterial intestinal disease: 1. Colonisation of the intestine; 2. exo(= entero)toxin production without penetration into the intestinal wall; 3. invasion of the intestinal wall with or without (?) simultaneous formation of enterotoxin. These factors are of different importance for the various infective agents. Whereas cholera is exclusively caused by an enterotoxin, this is of minor importance for the pathogenesis of Shigella dysentery. The enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysenteriae 1 have been intensively studied. Additional enterotoxic substances have been demonstrated in other gramnegative organisms (Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila), which, however, are not yet characterized sufficiently. Future studies will aim to the elucidation of the structure and function of these toxins on the molecular level, and their importance for the pathogenesis of intestinal disease. PMID- 7005080 TI - [Experimental models of human immune haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)]. AB - In the last ninety years there were many attempts to induce immune haemolytic anaemia (IHA) in laboratory animals. The techniques employed were injections of modified autologous or incompatible erythrocytes as well as hyperimmunization with material of high antigen activity (e.g. egg albumin). Serious temporary IHA could be induced occasionally. The main pathogenetic mechanism in this immune reaction was related to the antigen. Another model used was the so called graft host-reaction in which IHA is based on antibody formation of transplanted immunocompetent cells towards the host erythrocytes. So far, the best animal model is the spontaneous autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in NZB-mice. However this model has not been completely evaluated. In these animals AIHA is mediated by a genetically prescribed immunoregulatory defect which may be located at the level of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 7005081 TI - [Methods for differentiation of streptococci: comparison of serological, biochemical methods, triple- and camp-test (author's transl)]. AB - Methods for group classification of beta-hemolytic streptococci were compared: biochemical versus serological techniques as well as Triple- and CAMP-Test. Attention was mainly put to the Phadebact streptococcus test, based on the co agglutination principle which is intended to differentiate groups A, B, C and G. This test is easy to conduct and allows grouping within minutes. Classification was done with 50 strains of clinical isolates. Approximately 88% of the strains were identified as group A and B which are the most important in human streptococcal infections. The co-agglutination gave false results with 6 strains (8%), one of which was group A. The others turned out to be S. milleri, they could be identified only by the Lancefield precipitin test. In cases where several Phadebact antisera lead to an agglutination of one strain, the questionable result must be verified by conventional methods. PMID- 7005084 TI - Interactions of glucocorticoids and heparin on the humoral immune response of mice. AB - Interactions of glucocorticoids and heparin on the humoral immune response of mice to SRBC have been studied. Heparin injected subcutaneously in a depot-form 2 hours before immunization restores the antibody-forming ability of mice immuno suppressed by hydrocortisone, through pretreatment of mice only with heparin 3 days before immunization decreases the PFC-count in the spleen. Cortisone (ip) and heparin (sc) per se injected at about the time of immunization with suboptimal doses of SRBC resulted only in a slight stimulating or no effect on spleen PFC count and serum antibody level. Cortisone and heparin applied in combination, however, exerted a stimulatory effect on the humoral immune response to SRBC. The route of steroid administration pointed to the significance of macrophages in this phenomenon. As the cooperative effect of heparin + cortisone on the humoral immune response shows a good correlation with their cooperative effect on in vivo (3H)dThd incorporation and thymidine kinase activity of spleen, it was hypothesized that an in vivo mitogenic activity for the spleen cells was responsible for the adjuvant effect observed. PMID- 7005082 TI - [Helminthic infections of the tropics: parasitology and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of tropical heminthiases for the populations of tropical countries is discussed and a survey on the incidence of these parasitic infections is given. The difference between infection and disease is explained, and the properties of an ideal drug for combatting the different diseases are described. After a short comment on the goals of the primary and secondary screening procedures the authors refer to WHO's Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. As to the different forms of filariasis, the most important problem is onchocerciasis due to the high rate of blindness. The existing drugs (suramin DEC) are evaluated, however, there is a need for a safe, macrofilaricidal drug. The chemotherapy of filariasis caused by W. bancrofti and B. malayi and the drugs used is also discussed. Thereafter, a survey on the chemotherapy of schistosomiasis and the drugs at hand and in development is given with special reference to praziquantel. Chemotherapy of opistorchiasis and clonorchiasis is still unsatisfactory. The problems arising from this situation are mentioned. Up to now, we have a similar situation in hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus species. The therapy of choice is operation, however, in animal experiments it could be demonstrated that benzimidazole derivatives inhibit the growth of cysts what indicates the possibility of chemotherapy in man also. Finally, a survey is given on anthelminthic drugs for the therapy of different forms of intestinal helminthiasis with special regard to ancylostomiasis. PMID- 7005083 TI - Mouse spleen cell-derived toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor: its separation from macrophage migration inhibitory factor. AB - Spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii were cultured in vitro with Toxoplasma specific antigen. The supernatant produced from the cells were termed lymphokines (LKs). The LKs were divided into 4 major fractions, namely: LKs-I, LKs-II, LKs-III and LKs-IV, according to the elution pattern on Sephadex G-100 gel columns. Partially purified LKs contained 2 MIF peaks, namely: MIF-I in LKs-II fraction and MIF-II in LKs-IV fraction. In this study, Toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor (Toxo-GIF), which inhibits the multiplication of Toxoplasma within non-immune macrophages in vitro, was separated by the same method as MIF separation, i.e. Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Toxo-GIF activity was present in the LKs-II fraction in which MIF-I was also detected with a calculated molecular weight of 30,000 to 40,000. This murine LKs inhibited Toxoplasma multiplication only in murine macrophages but not in guinea pig macrophages or canine monocytes. Cytotoxic substances against macrophages were observed in the LKs-IV fraction, however, no Toxo-GIF was present in this fraction which in addition contained MIF-II with a calculated molecular weight of 3,000 to 5,000. PMID- 7005085 TI - E receptors and T antigens are different antigenic entities on human T lymphocytes. AB - ATS contains antibodies of different specificity directed against E receptors and T specific antigens, respectively. E-receptors are trypsin-sensitive, T-antigens are trypsin-resistant. Absorption of ATS with trypsinized thymocytes thus removes anti-T, but leaves anti-E antibodies unaffected. The rosette inhibitory potential of the absorbed antiserum (anti-E) remains unaltered. Immunization with trypsinized thymocytes on the other hand results in the production of anti T-cell sera highly specific in immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity tests without contaminating anti-E antibodies and, therefore, also lacking any rosette inhibitory capacity. E receptors and T antigens are independently mobile within the cell membrane as shown by differential capping. PMID- 7005086 TI - Tuberculosis prevention Trial, Madras. PMID- 7005087 TI - Serologic group and type of streptococci in human infections. PMID- 7005088 TI - Foetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7005089 TI - The clinical significance, taxonomy and special methodological problems of the pathogenic clostridia. AB - The clinical significance of clostridia is much greater than is generally recognized. The organisms are a major cause of septic abortion, Clostridium perfringens being the most important single organism. This species is also the principle agent in food-poisoning. Clostridium botulinum is considered to be one of the main causes of the sudden death syndrome in infants. As clostridia are universally distributed in nature and the human body, the isolation of an organism of this group from the human body is significant only if it can be linked with pathological changes. In the case of histotoxic disease, a direct gramstained smear from the lesion is of paramount importance, since the pathogens are always present in large numbers. Generally, a few simple procedures and tests ensure the rapid isolation and identification of the main pathogenic clostridia. C. perfringens, by far the most important species, may be identified by its ability to produce lecithinase on egg yolk-glucose agar and stormy clot in litmus milk. However, strain identification of this microorganism is much more complicated. PMID- 7005092 TI - Serological properties of Bacteroidaceae. AB - A review of immunological experiments with Sphaerophorus species and anaerobes of the Bacteroides fragilis group is presented. PMID- 7005090 TI - Aspects of anaerobic infections in animals. AB - The recent literature on clostridial infections of animals and infections due to gram-negative anaerobic rods is reviewed. It is stressed that quite recently the literature is concerned with animal models for the evaluation and study of the chemotherapy, immunity mechanisms and pathogenesis of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides infections in animals came into being. PMID- 7005091 TI - Endotoxins of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. AB - The author reviews the data available on endotoxins of Fusobacterium, Sphaerophorus, Leptotrichia, and Veillonella species, and reports his own findings with lipopolysaccharides extracted from Bacteroides fragilis strains by the trichloroacetic acid method. The latter extracts showed a very low toxicity for mice after i.v. injection of dosages of less than or equal to 500 micrograms and a slight leucopenic effect in mice after intraperitoneal injection of 50 micrograms. PMID- 7005093 TI - Studies of the antigenic structure of the Bacteroides fragilis species. AB - The authors describe the new antigenic fraction E3 within the Bacteroides fragilis species and report results obtained with E antisera in immunofluorescence tests. PMID- 7005094 TI - Collection and transport of specimens for bacteriological analysis: a neglected subject in medical teaching. AB - The collection and transport of specimens are important steps in bacteriological diagnosis. Using blood cultures and sputum as examples, the need for close collaboration between the laboratory and the clinic is demonstrated. PMID- 7005095 TI - Factors contributing to loss of anaerobic bacteria in transit from the patient to the laboratory. AB - Care and attention to detail in the sampling, transit and submission of a specimen for anaerobic bacteriological investigation are of paramount importance. The swab is a relatively inefficient sampling device and is often abused. A transport system may help, but a full evaluation of our sampling and transport methodology is needed and this will be influenced by local circumstances. PMID- 7005096 TI - Collection and transport of specimens for anaerobic culture. AB - By comparative studies of sampling methods it was shown that specimens should be obtained preferably by aspiration in order to avoid contamination by anaerobic flora. Anaerobic transport systems are recommended, though some anaerobic strains tolerate exposure to air surprisingly well. A gassed-out tube or vial is the method of choice for transporting fluid specimens for anaerobic culture. PMID- 7005097 TI - Feasibility of exact species identification in routine diagnosis of anaerobic infections. AB - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of metabolic products and conventional biochemical tests are actually used for the identification of clinical isolates of anaerobes. As the majority of bacteremic and other life-threatening anaerobic infections are caused by Bacteroides fragilis, the prompt and accurate identification of this highly resistant species is essential for effective treatment. The clinical significance of the identification of the other Bacteroidaceae species and Peptococcaceae is discussed. PMID- 7005098 TI - Simple disk technique for carbohydrate fermentation and esculin hydrolysis testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. AB - Carbohydrate fermentation by anaerobic gram-negative bacilli was easily detected using Taxo-Disks placed on supplemented Columbia Agar. After incubation, two drops of a 0.2% solution of bromothymol blue were added to each disk: yellow coloring was indicative of a positive reaction. In the esculin hydrolysis test paper disks impregnated with 2 mg of esculin were placed on the same medium. The results were read after addition of two drops of a 10% solution of ferric chloride. When testing slow-growing and/or serophilic anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, such as Bacteroides melaninogenicus or Bacteroides oralis, the supplemented Columbia Agar was enriched with 10% sterile horse serum. Discrepancies between results with the conventional tube technique and the disk method were occasionally observed with salicin only. PMID- 7005099 TI - Introduction of anaerobic methodology into a clinical microbiological laboratory. AB - For the successful introduction of anaerobic methodology into a clinical microbiological laboratory, several factors are very important. These include: 1) laboratory; 2) establishment of skilful technicians and adequate equipment; and 3) communication with clinicians who believe in anaerobes as infectious agents and are interested in working with the microbiologist. The beneficial effects of these factors on a laboratory's efficiency in providing an anaerobic service are demonstrated by the following data. In the period January to July 1978, we found 234/1446 specimens (16.2%) positive for anaerobes. The isolated strains mainly belonged to the genera Propionibacterium (26.5%), Bacteroides (26.1%), Clostridium (26.1%) and gram-positive cocci (18.4%). Fusobacterium could be found in 1.7% only. Specimens yielding anaerobes were mostly derived from infected wounds, pus, abscesses, and aspirated liquids from the pelvis, gall bladder or knee. The problem which now has to be solved concerns the significance of some of the anaerobic isolates as causative infectious agents in individual cases. PMID- 7005101 TI - Adjuvant therapy for brain tumor. PMID- 7005100 TI - Anaerobic microbiology in the NASA space program. AB - After briefly reviewing the earlier methods used to monitor the microbial load of returned lunar material, the author reports the more accurate research on the ability of terrestrial organisms to grow under simulated Martian environments. The possible importance of anaerobic microbiology can readily be seen because of the low level of O2 found on Mars. The question of whether any of the experiments on board the Viking landers show any indication of life on Mars is discussed in detail. PMID- 7005102 TI - [Pesticide poisoning]. PMID- 7005103 TI - [Spontaneous breathing, positive pressure respiration (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) after extensive surgical interventions in children]. PMID- 7005104 TI - Bacterial specificity in the etiology of dental caries. PMID- 7005105 TI - The identification of various cell types in healthy and diseased human pulps. PMID- 7005106 TI - Leakage of amalgam root fillings. PMID- 7005108 TI - Acute renal failure. AB - Most perioperative ARF is ischemic in origin. The kidney is in a unique position to monitor the status of the cardiovascular system. The effects of anesthesia and operation on the kidney are due primarily to changes in hemodynamic function. When cardiovascular performance is inadequate, powerful forces tend to reduce renal blood flow. These effects are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system, prostaglandins, vasopressin, and aldosterone. Therefore, careful monitoring of kidney and cardiovascular function coupled with appropriate therapy will prevent most perioperative renal failure. PMID- 7005107 TI - Problems of intra-canal testing of endodontic materials. PMID- 7005109 TI - Preoperative pharmacology and anesthetic risk. AB - Chronic or preoperative drug therapy may contribute to the overall risk of anesthesia by modifying organ function directly, or by altering the response of the patient to anesthetic agents or adjuvants. Many drug-patient and drug-drug interactions can be predicted from analysis of their expected effects upon the neurohumoral control systems that normally maintain physiological homeostasis, especially those involving the release or termination of action of catecholamines or acetylcholine. Current concepts of biotransformation, especially as regards hepatic microsomal function, are so broad that estimates of the toxic potential of the metabolites of anesthetic drugs still require an empirical approach for each agent considered. PMID- 7005110 TI - Anesthesia and the central nervous system: pharmacological, toxic, and protective effects. PMID- 7005111 TI - Hematological complications and side effects. PMID- 7005112 TI - Immunological and carcinogenic side effects of anesthetics. PMID- 7005113 TI - Decision analysis in anesthesiology: application to two complications. PMID- 7005114 TI - Metabolic effects of anesthetics. PMID- 7005115 TI - Respiratory morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7005116 TI - Actions of anesthetics on the coronary circulation in normal subjects and patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7005117 TI - Management of anesthesia in patients with hypertension or ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7005118 TI - Preoperative assessment of patients with cardiac disease. PMID- 7005119 TI - Serological and immunohistological studies on lepromatous leprosy. AB - Sera of patients with lepromatous leprosy were studied for the presence of a variety of antibodies and immune complexes (IC). The frequencies of heterophile, Hanganutziu-Deicher and Forssman antibodies were 61 and 43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other diseases. The frequency of antibodies to cardiolipin was 89% and the frequency of rheumatoid factor was 34%. Circulating IC were demonstrated in 54% of the patients' sera by Raji-cell test and in 43% by anti-antibody inhibition test. Analyses of immunoglobulin classes of IC revealed that IgG was predominant in IC of patients with lepra reaction (LR) and IgM in patients without LR. Immune deposits were found in and between cells of dermis in skin biopsy specimens of patients with LR. PMID- 7005120 TI - Identification and functional characterization of monocytes in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Mononuclear cell suspension from synovial fluids of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 5 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis contained on average of 1.5 and 1.3% cytotoxic plaque-forming cells, respectively, when tested against a monolayer of antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The plaque-forming ability was completely abolished after removal of cells which had phagocytosed carbonyl iron. The highest proportion of plaque-forming cells was found in the cell suspensions that contained the highest percentage of peroxidase-positive mononuclear cells. The plaque-forming activity was almost completely inhibited by human IgG. Cell suspensions from patients treated with corticosteroids contained the highest proportions of plaque-forming cells and peroxidase-positive mononuclear cells compared with patients not receiving such treatment. Our findings indicate that the plaque-forming leukocytes in rheumatoid synovial fluid are monocytes. PMID- 7005121 TI - Double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study on cimetidine--prophylactic effect in patients under steroid treatment. Preliminary data. PMID- 7005123 TI - Response of renin, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone to furosemide and furosemide-triamterene combination. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urinary aldosterone excretion (U-Aldo) and electrolyte excretions were studied in a randomized study after furosemide (80 mg) (F), furosemide + triamterence (80 + 100 mg) (F + T), and after placebo were administered to seven healthy volunteers. F + T preparation showed a slower absorption of furosemide, a slower natriuresis and a slower excretion of potassium as compared to F-praparation. After application of the diuretics, PRA reached the maximal level in four hours, three times higher than the control level after F and four times higher after F + T. At 24 hrs after drug intake PRA did not differe from the control level. No significant difference could be found between F and F + T. U-Aldo of 24 hrs increased 1.9-fold after F and 2.2-fold after F + T, as compared with placebo. Between the individual natriuretic and hormonal responses no correlation could be found. After F + T, U Aldo and U-K showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05). ADH did not change after diuretics from the pretreatment fasting level. The results show a fast but transient response of the renin-aldosterone system after furosemide and the furosemide-triamterene combination which could not be correlated with the natriuretic effects. The result differs from that found earlier with hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 7005122 TI - Pharmacokinetics of atenolol and its clinical consequences in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of daily oral doses of 100 mg and 200 mg atenolol, respectively, were studied in patients with angina pectoris by means of a double-blind cross-over randomized study. Half-lives and areas under the curve were of the same magnitude as described earlier for healthy volunteers and hypertensive patients. However, a steady state level was built up during 4-week medication of 100 mg or 200 mg atenolol daily. Intra-patient correlations of plasma levels and reductions in exercising heart rate were moderate (r = 0.56 0.85). Only plasma levels and exercising heart rates revealed significant differences after a 100 mg and 200 mg dose. These findings, together with the remaining clinical observations, demonstrated that a single daily dose of 100 mg atenolol is useful in patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris. PMID- 7005124 TI - Psychological adaptations to a renal dialysis and transplant program: a longitudinal and cross-section investigation. PMID- 7005125 TI - An approach to the diagnosis and therapy of dermatophytosis. PMID- 7005126 TI - Incidence of intolerance to food additives. PMID- 7005127 TI - Fasciitis with eosinophilia: The Shulman syndrome. PMID- 7005128 TI - Approach to the immunosuppressed patient with pulmonary infiltrates. PMID- 7005129 TI - Ferdinand Hebra: a reexamination of his contributions to dermatology. PMID- 7005130 TI - Neurosyphilis. PMID- 7005131 TI - The treatment of lepra reaction in lepromatous leprosy. Fifteen years' experience with thalidomide. PMID- 7005132 TI - The laser in dermatology. PMID- 7005133 TI - Generalized bullous orf. PMID- 7005134 TI - Treatment of multiple viral warts with levamisole. AB - Seventy-seven patients with multiple common warts were screened for a double blind study using levamisole. Of these, only 32 patients showed cellular immune deficiency. Fourteen patients received 2.5 mg/kg, two days a week, for eight weeks, and eighteen received a placebo. Both groups showed some improvement but results were not statistically different. Placebo plays a significant role in the treatment of warts. PMID- 7005135 TI - Dermatology throughout the dark ages. The interchange of experience. PMID- 7005136 TI - Mitogenic stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes from radium workers. PMID- 7005137 TI - Absence of late radiation effects on bone marrow stem cells. PMID- 7005138 TI - The management of spinal injuries--past and present. AB - This review paper surveys historical aspects and then proceeds to examine major considerations in the management of spinal injuries. These include neurological sequelae, functional disabilities and expectations, pathology, spinal cord injury in children, management complications (genitourinary, bone, neurological, skin respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal), and social aspects. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for comprehensive spinal injury services, noting the bleak future for a reduction in incidence, and emphasizing the goal of care in the community at large, not just in hospital. PMID- 7005139 TI - Nosocomial klebsiella infection in a neonatal unit: identification of risk factors for gastrointestinal colonization. AB - Sequential outbreaks of infection due to gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (GRKP) types 30 and 19 occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Medical College of Virginia in 1977 and 1978. The extensive epidemiologic investigation carried out included a case-control study, careful review of aseptic technique, and cultures from nursery staff and environment. The gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of the patients were the reservoirs for GRKP, and the epidemic strain was transmitted by hands of personnel. The case-control study showed a significant relationship between acquisition of GRKP by patients and oropharyngeal and GI instrumentation, including use of bag resuscitation, oropharyngeal suctioning, and use of nasogastric feeding tubes. The findings of the case-control study were supported by observation of the patient care techniques practiced by NICU staff. Institution of control measures based on results of the epidemiologic investigation of the first outbreak rapidly brought the second outbreak under control, even though cohorting or use of routine isolation was not possible. Whereas GI colonization and hand transmission have been described previously in outbreaks of K. pneumoniae infections in NICUs, this study is the first to document the mode of inoculation of patients' GI tracts by contaminated hands of personnel. PMID- 7005140 TI - Potential problems of detecting and treating psychosis in the White House. Potential psychosis in the White House. AB - Numerous books and articles have described the emotional difficulties suffered by President Nixon and how they influenced functioning in the White House and other branches of government during his presidency. I am not able to ascertain whether Nixon was temporarily psychotic; but the reported emotional turmoil suggests he may have been at high risk for committing suicide or developing a psychosis. This article analyzes the reactions of numerous people to the questionably irrational behaviour of Richard Nixon. Examples of psychiatric risks in other Presidents, presidential candidates, and public figures are also discussed. The potential difficulties in detecting and treating severe psychiatric illness in Presidents and other public figures should not prevent us from taking action now to minimize future risks. It is recommended that future Presidents appoint a psychiatrist, at least on a part-time basis, as one of their personal physicians in order to increase Presidential access to psychiatric evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7005141 TI - The Abhidharma: a cross-cultural model for the psychiatric application of meditation. PMID- 7005142 TI - Chemistry and biology of the vitreous body. PMID- 7005143 TI - Cell proliferation in the mammalian lung. PMID- 7005144 TI - Hemosiderin: nature, formation, and significance. PMID- 7005146 TI - Recent aspects of tumor invasiveness. PMID- 7005145 TI - The Golgi complex: crossroads for vesicular traffic. PMID- 7005148 TI - [Epidemiology of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7005147 TI - A new technique for the treatment of esophageal bleeding in portal hypertension. AB - A new method to operate on patients with bleeding due to portal hypertension is presented. It consists of splenectomy, devascularization of the gastric corpus, fundus and distal esophagus, resection-anastomosis of the lower esophagus, selective vagotomy with pyloromyotomy, and antireflux cardioplasty. All these procedures are carried out through a laparotomy; the esophageal resection anastomosis is performed using the American circular EEA mechanical stapler. The method was used on 15 patients; there was one postoperative death. As regards the varices, early results were optimal. No encephalopathy was observed. Endoscopic dilatation of the anastomosis was required in four cases. No recurrence of hemorrhage has yet been observed. PMID- 7005149 TI - [Diagnosis of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7005150 TI - [Cholangitis]. PMID- 7005151 TI - [Primary surgery of the biliary tract. Indications for surgery]. PMID- 7005152 TI - [Repeat surgery of the biliary tract including reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 7005153 TI - [Gallstone dissolution]. PMID- 7005154 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy with biliary tract drainage. Alternative to surgery in papillary stenosis and biliary tract calculi]. PMID- 7005155 TI - [Digitalis-refractory cardiac insufficiency with arterial embolisms and laboratory-chemical signs of inflammation]. PMID- 7005156 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration as a diagnostic aid in purulent meningitis]. PMID- 7005157 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 7005158 TI - [The clinical course of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7005159 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7005160 TI - [Hemodynamics in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7005161 TI - [The value of nuclear medicine procedures in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7005162 TI - [Prognosis in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7005163 TI - [A 40-year-old patient with recurring tachycardias]. PMID- 7005164 TI - [The treatment of collagen diseases]. PMID- 7005165 TI - [Has drug evaluation improved as a result of drug legislation?]. PMID- 7005166 TI - [Is drug therapy safer as a result of the drug legislation?]. PMID- 7005167 TI - [The influence of the drug legislation on drug information for the physician and patient]. PMID- 7005168 TI - [Therapeutic awareness of the patient]. PMID- 7005169 TI - [Experiences in approving drugs]. PMID- 7005170 TI - [Drug legislation 1976: cost analysis for the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 7005171 TI - [Drug effectiveness in the framework of drug legislation and health insurance law]. PMID- 7005172 TI - [Misdiagnosis of "pulmonary fibrosis"]. PMID- 7005174 TI - [Radiotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. PMID- 7005173 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Review of presently used or proposed systems of classification]. PMID- 7005175 TI - [Chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. PMID- 7005176 TI - [Therapeutic recommendations for non-Hodgkin lymphomas]. PMID- 7005177 TI - [Degree of influence of perturbing factors in clinical-chemical examinations]. PMID- 7005179 TI - [Observations on the treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7005178 TI - [Treatment of acute bacterial meningitis in adults]. PMID- 7005181 TI - Antibody coating of bacteria in experimental infection of the urinary bladder. AB - We studied antibody coating of urinary bacteria in experimental cystitis of the rat both in the absence and presence of a foreign body (polyacrylamide sphere). In the absence of a foreign body, inoculation of the bladder urine resulted in generally transient bacteriuria with no significant antibody coating or defects in the bladder uroepithelium, lymphocytic infiltration of bladder mucosa, or plasma cells in the bladder mucosa. Inoculation in the presence of a foreign body resulted in protracted bacteriuria with significant antibody coating of urinary bacteria, defects in the bladder mucosa surface, lymphocytic infiltration of the bladder mucosa, and numerous plasma cells. We conclude that the bladder mucosa is capable of mounting a local immune response against bacterial invasion which leads to antibody coating of urinary bacteria. PMID- 7005180 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to epidermal growth factor in the rabbit. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has been shown to stimulate epidermal proliferation and keratinization and to induce regeneration of rabbit corneal epithelium, was studied for its immunogenic potential in rabbits. Mouse-derived EGF was administered topically, subconjunctivally, intrastromally, and systemically. Systemic immunization was done both with and without complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). EGF-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes of all immunized animals were tested for cell mediated immunity (CMI) to EGF. All experimental animals demonstrated CMI as determined by either classic positive delayed skin tests or by in vitro production of migration inhibitory factors, regardless of the route of sensitization. Only animals immunized systemically with EGF and CFA produced high titered specific anti-EGF antibody, and only this group showed ocular reactions after subsequent topical challenge of EGF. These results suggest that antibody to EGF is the major cause for ocular inflammatory reactions observed subsequent to topical EGF challenge of a sensitized animal. PMID- 7005182 TI - Charles Horace Mayo (1865-1939). PMID- 7005183 TI - Catecholamines and migraine: evidence based on biofeedback induced changes. PMID- 7005185 TI - [Combined retinoid and UV-phototherapy in pustulosis subcornealis (Sneddon Wilkinson)]. AB - This report describes a case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Seddon Wilkinson). Because of marked side effects the treatment with diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS) was stopped. A good therapeutic effect was obtained with aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) in decreasing doses. This treatment was combined with UV-light irradiations. Maintenance treatment was carried out only with aromatic retinoid. PMID- 7005184 TI - [Pemphigus herpetiformis: a clinical variant of pemphigus vulgaris]. AB - Two female patients are reported in whom the clinical picture closely corresponded to dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring or bullous pemphigoid, while acantholytic changes were present histologically. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed circulating pemphigus antibodies. Direct fluorescence showed deposits of IgG and complement in the intercellular space of the affected areas. One of the two patients responded well to DDS. There have been reports in the recent literature on bullous dermatoses, which can be regarded as morphological variants of pemphigus vulgaris. The term pemphigus herpetiformis is used here to designate these variants. The diagnosis can only be made by histological and immunological examinations in connection with the clinical picture. PMID- 7005186 TI - [Vive la berloque. Etymological observations on berloque dermatitis]. AB - Berloque is no more used in the French language, the term of now-a-days is breloque. Therefore the expression berloque-dermatitis is either an anachronism or a mix-up of two letters. PMID- 7005187 TI - [Walter Schonfeld (1888-1977) and his accomplishments in the history of medicine]. PMID- 7005188 TI - [The genius loci of Zurich dermatology]. PMID- 7005189 TI - Computer-guided neurologic assessment in the neurologic intensive care unit. PMID- 7005190 TI - [Spongiosaplasty of fingers and middle hand bones]. PMID- 7005191 TI - [Arthoplasty of the finger joints following posttraumatic conditions (with the exception of the saddle joint)]. PMID- 7005192 TI - [Biocompatibility of implants in orthopedics]. PMID- 7005193 TI - Excretion of pterins in phenylketonuria and phenylketonuria variants. AB - Total urinary biopterin (B), neopterin (Ne) and monapterin (M) were measured in 25 healthy newborns, children and adults, in 49 patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) assumed to be deficient in phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PH), in 7 patients with dihydrobiopterin synthetase (DHBS) deficiency and in 4 patients with dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency. Excretion of Ne based on creatinine (Ne/C) was 6.6 times higher in healthy newborns than in adults, suggesting a slow maturation of DHBS activity. Newborns excreted more Ne than B and adults more B than Ne (32 and 72% B of the sum of B + Ne, respectively). In all cases, excretion of M was 4-15% of that of Ne. PH deficient patients excreted more B and Ne than healthy controls and again, newborns more than older children. In individual patients, excretion of pterins correlated with phenylalanine (Phe) concentration in plasma; plasma Phe of different patients did not correlate well with excretion of pterins. In PKU variants with deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), extreme pterin patterns were observed: in DHBS- and DHPR-deficient patients, less than 3.5 and more than 81% B were found, respectively. All 30 samples from these patients investigated could be distinguished from those of PH deficient patients and controls by a two-dimensional plot of % B versus B/C. Thus it seems likely that PKU variants due to BH4 deficiency could be detected early and differentiated by measurement of urinary B, Ne and C. This was exemplified already in one case. - In urine of patients with DHBS deficiency, high concentrations of 3'-hydroxysepiapterin were found in addition to Ne. PMID- 7005194 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of ingested kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectins in rat gut. AB - The binding of ingested kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectins to the luminal surface of the rat gut was investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence method in which the primary antiserum was monospecific for kidney bean globulin lectins. The major lectin-positive sites were found to be the non-crypt regions of villi in the proximal region of the small intestine; exactly the same regions displayed extensive disruption of microvilli. Lectins were not localized in the brush border regions of ileal villi and no microvillus abnormalities were detected in this region of the gut. The luminal surface of the caecum was strongly lectin positive and here also microvillus disruption was evident. Low levels of lectins were detected on the luminal surface of the colon; no microvillus abnormalities were detected in this region. PMID- 7005195 TI - The physics and clinical aspects of total body irradiation used for bone marrow transplantation. Proceedings of the workshop of the Radiation Therapy Committee of the Children's Cancer Study Group held in Montreal, Canada. PMID- 7005196 TI - Total Body Irradiation Conference: Introduction. PMID- 7005197 TI - Cobalt-60 total body irradiation dosimetry at 220 CM source-axis distance. PMID- 7005198 TI - Total Body Irradiation Conference: a report of the work party: comparison of total body irradiation techniques for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7005200 TI - Computer determination of thoracic gas volume using plethysmographic "thoracic flow". AB - Plotting a line to the variables obtained during a panting maneuver, i.e. thoracic volume and mouth pressure, is the conventional way of computing plethysmographic thoracic gas volume (TGV). This procedure is reliable if the magnitude of the thoracic volume changes is large compared to the drift on the signal; this is one of the major problems in volumetric plethysmography. We propose replacing the thoracic volume signal (Vt) by its time derivative (Vt) and similarly mouth pressure (Pm) with its time derivative (Pm). Drift is thus ruled out, and the magnitude of Vt is preserved when the subject fails to carry out noticeable changes in thoracic volume during the panting, since even then the speed of these changes in thoracic volume remains high. The use of Vt and Pm appeared to be necessary when a minicomputer was connected to a pressure compensated flow plethysmograph to obtain an automatic calculation of TGV. A regression-line technique applied to signals obtained during the panting was used to find the slope of the relation and thus TGV. However, this slope can only be predicted with less than 5% error if the correlation coefficient is very high (i.e., above 0.99). The analysis of 121 recordings from patients showed that the mean r was only 0.954 when Vt and Pm were used. It increased to 0.993 with Vt and Pm. For the same recordings the comparison of hand-calculated TGV and computer derived TGV showed a much better agreement for the Vt-Pm method (standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.14 liter) than for the Vt-Pm method (SEE = 0.34 liter). These results emphasize that, in contrast to the manual technique, the computer does not adequately handle even a small drift of the thoracic signal. The proposed time-derivative method is therefore useful for a hand calculation, but essential to a reliable computer determination of thoracic gas volume PMID- 7005199 TI - Computer measurement of dynamic compliance: technique and reproducibility in man. AB - A computer program was developed to calculate the frequency dependence of dynamic compliance (Cdyn) using continuous data analysis. Cdyn was measured repeatedly in eight normal human subjects over a 2-yr period. Comparison with Cdyn results measured manually showed that the computer program improved 10-fold the ratio of variance within subjects to between subjects of the compliance at specific frequencies, but there was only slight improvement in indices of the slope of the frequency dependence of compliance. We suggest that the absolute compliance at specific frequencies merits further consideration as a pathophysiological measurement and that, if the frequency dependence of compliance continues to be used, standardization of its calculation should be applied and the wide normal range should be more widely appreciated. Measurements of Cdyn in subjects breathing 80% helium-20% oxygen confirm that inertia is insignificant when breathing with tidal volumes of less than 500 ml and frequency of less than 1.5 Hz. PMID- 7005201 TI - Edema disease in a California sea lion. AB - Edema disease, similar to that occurring in swine, was diagnosed in a california sea lion (Zalophus californianus). The prominent features included a thickened, edematous stomach wall and generalized fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles. A beta hemolytic Escherichia coli, serotype 0147:K . :H52, was the predominant organism isolated from the gastrointestinal tract. The organism caused fatal infection when administered orally and intraperitoneally to mice. PMID- 7005202 TI - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a group of Macaca fascicularis. AB - Diarrheal disease associated with abortions and stillbirths occurred in a group of 42 Macaca fascicularis. The group was composed of wild-caught adults and their colony-born offspring housed in a half-acre cage. Thirteen adult females and 1 infant male were affected. All 14 monkeys had diarrhea and all 9 pregnant females either aborted or had a stillbirth. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 7 animals. In addition, Y enterocolitica was isolated from 1 monkey and Shigella flexneri type IV was isolated from 5 monkeys. One adult female had a mixed infection of both Y pseudotuberculosis and S flexneri. Every pregnant monkey from which Y pseudotuberculosis was isolated aborted or had a stillbirth. Five animals died, and Y pseudotuberculosis was the only pathogen isolated from these 5 monkeys. PMID- 7005203 TI - Fatal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in captive bushbabies. AB - Fatal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed in 3 bushbabies (Galago crassicaudatus) in a large prosimian colony. The clinical signs were diarrhea, dyspnea, hyperthermia, dehydration, and lethargy. Histologically, the disease was characterized by lesions of ulcerative enterocolitis, necrotizing hepatitis, splenitis, lymphadenitis, and nonsuppurative pneumonitis. PMID- 7005204 TI - Fatal airsacculitis and pneumonia, with abortion, in an orangutan. AB - A 14-year-old, 76-kg female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) aborted a premature fetus and within hours experienced severe respiratory distress and died. Necropsy revealed evidence of chronic airsacculitis, acute bronchopneumonia, and terminal sepsis. Escherichia coli was isolated from cultures of heart blood, tracheal fluid, air-sac tissue and fluid, lung, and bile. Retrospectively, it was established that the animal had had a periodic nasal discharge for many months. The aborted infant had no evidence of infection. PMID- 7005205 TI - Tuberculosis in fennec foxes. AB - Fennec foxes (Fennecus zerda) in 2 zoos were found on necropsy to have lesions typical of those found in canine tuberculosis. Histologic examination revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli in lesions of liver, portal lymph node, spleen, kidney, and lung. Mycobacterium bovis isolated from tissues was identified by biochemical methods and by pathogenicity tests in guinea pigs and rabbits. PMID- 7005206 TI - Some bacterial and mycotic diseases of marine mammals. PMID- 7005207 TI - Coligranuloma and psittacosis in an Amazon parrot. PMID- 7005208 TI - A protein required for the initiation of DNA synthesis by RNA polymerase. AB - RNA polymerase of Shigella sonnei rif purified through DEAE-Sephadex A-50 could not initiate the synthesis of DNA using phage fd DNA as a template. A protein which could complement the polymerase to initiate the synthesis of DNA was recovered from the DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column separately from the RNA polymerase. There is apparently a protein which is required to synthesize a primer RNA for the synthesis of DNA other than the components of RNA polymerase holoenzyme of Shigella sonnei rif. The protein seems to be specifically required for the initiation of DNA synthesis and to have little effect on the synthesis of RNA. PMID- 7005209 TI - Studies on the enzymatic reduction of C-nitroso compounds. III. The kinetic analysis of C-nitrosoreductase reaction catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme from porcine liver. AB - The reaction kinetics of the major cytoplasmic NADH-nitrosoreductase, which is the identical enzyme to alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1], was studied with a partially purified preparation from porcine liver. On the basis of the data obtained, the following scheme is proposed as the mechanism of this enzyme reaction: [Formula: see text], where E and E' are the enzyme unit (one subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase) and an intermediate form of the enzyme unit-substrate compound which appears by two-electron reduction of the enzyme unit-substrate compound, respectively, S is p-nitrosophenol (p-NSP), N is NADH, and P1 and P2 are NAD+ and p-aminophenol (p-AmP), respectively. In this case, it is assumed that k1 less than K2. Para-aminophenol, the reaction product, showed an inhibition competitive to p-NSP at fixed concentrations of NADH and also showed a mixed-type inhibition to NADH at fixed concentrations of p-NSP. NAD+ inhibited the reaction in a competitive manner to NADH at fixed concentrations of p-NSP and in a non-competitive manner to p-NSP at fixed concentrations of NADH. These results can also be accounted for by the proposed mechanism. PMID- 7005210 TI - Studies on the enzymatic reduction of C-nitroso compounds. IV. Partial purification and kinetic properties of porcine heart C-nitrosoreductase. AB - An NAD(P)H-dependent C-nitrosoreductase was purified 90 fold from porcine heart cytosol fraction by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration with Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP-Sepharose. The enzyme had no aldehyde reductase activity and showed a pH optimum of 5.5. Its molecular weight estimated by gel filtration was about 65,000 and 70,000 daltons. In the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme, 2 mol of NADH were consumed per mol p-nitrosophenol (p-NSP) reduced to p aminophenol (p-AmP). Nitrosobenzene and other aryl nitroso compounds were also reduced but neither phenylhydroxylamine nor hydroxylamine could serve as the electron acceptor. Kinetic measurements were also carried out and, based on the data obtained, the following scheme is proposed for the mechanism of the reaction: [Formula: see text], where E, E', and E" represent the active enzyme unit, the enzyme unit after two-electron reduction, and the enzyme unit after four-electron reduction, respectively, N in NADH, S is p-NSP, and P1 and P2 are NAD+ and p-AmP, respectively. Para-aminophenol showed an inhibition noncompetitive wih NADH and also one apparently noncompetitive with p-NSP. NAD+ showed an inhibition competitive with NADH and one uncompetitive with p-NSP. These results can also be accounted for by the proposed mechanism. PMID- 7005211 TI - Purification and properties of alanine tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli A tetramer of identical subunits. AB - Escherichia coli alanine tRNA synthetase has been purified from a strain which carries the gene on a recombinant pBR322 plasmid. Several per cent of the soluble protein can be obtained as alanine tRNA synthetase in the plasmid containing host cell. The enzyme was proven to be an alpha 4 tetramer with a Mr = 380,000 by the following criteria: i) a single band of Mr = 95,000 was found in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis; ii) gel filtration chromatography gives a single peak at a Mr = 360,000 for the native enzyme; iii) dimethyl suberimidate cross linking indicates a tetrameric structure; iv) a single undecapeptide N-terminal sequence was found which is Ser-Lys-Ser-Thr-Ala-Glu-Ile-Arg-Gln-Ala-Phe. Limited proteolysis generates a fragment of the native enzyme. The fragment has a Mr = 48,000 (one half that of the native subunit) and, in contrast to the native enzyme, oligomerization of the fragment could be not detected either by gel filtration chromatography or by dimethyl suberimidate cross-linking. The fragment is derived from the NH2-terminal half of the native subunit as shown by their common decapeptide NH2-terminal amino acid sequences. The ATP-PPi exchange activity of 1 mol of fragment is identical with that of 1 mol of native subunit, but aminoacylation activity is absent from the fragment. Therefore, in the fragment, the aminoacyl adenylate formation activity is cleanly separated from tRNA aminoacylation and subunit association properties. These results also mean that, with respect to aminoacyl adenylate formation activity, each subunit in the native tetramer acts independently. PMID- 7005212 TI - Membrane biogenesis. Evidence that a soluble chimeric polypeptide can serve as a precursor of a mutant lac permease in Escherichia coli. AB - A mutant in the Escherichia coli lac permease, called Yf, appears to be defective in the biogenesis and proper assembly of this membrane protein. It was proposed that this defect led to the accumulation of a precursor of the mutant permease (Fried, V. A. (1977) J. Mol Biol. 114, 477-490). In this communication, evidence is presented that the lacYf mutant accumulates a novel lac-specific soluble polypeptide with a molecular weight of 87,000. Detected by double-label analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and identified as a lac-specific polypeptide on a two-dimensional gel system, this polypeptide is immunoprecipitated by anti transacetylase antibody. Pulse-chase experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that it is converted in vivo into a lac-specific membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 28,000, which appears to be the mutant lac permease. The results suggest that the 87,000-dalton soluble protein is a precursor of the mutant lac permease. It is proposed that this precursor is a polyprotein chimera containing both the lacY and lacA gene products. PMID- 7005213 TI - Hydrogen exchange in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate from acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate in O-alkyl lipid synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cell microsomes. AB - We have previously presented evidence that acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to O-alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate via an endiol intermediate which then accepts a fatty alcohol to form O-alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate. We have further proposed that, in the absence of fatty alcohol, the endiol derivative of acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reacts with water to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown, in an O-alkyl generating system, that the amount of hydrogen released from acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the formation of the endiol is greater than the amount of hydrogen lost from the total lipid present at the end of incubation. The discrepancy is greater in the absence of added hexadecanol. The balance of the hydrogen loss can be accounted for by the formation of a non-lipid substance which was identified as dihydroxyacetone phosphate. PMID- 7005214 TI - Concentration and metabolic turnover of UDP-glucose in developing cotton fibers. PMID- 7005215 TI - A dual mechanism of action of ocytocin in rat epididymal fat cells. PMID- 7005216 TI - Allosteric stimulatory effect of S-adenosylmethionine on the RNA polymerase in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. A model for the positive control of eukaryotic transcription. AB - The stimulatory effect of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) on cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus transcription in vitro has been studied in detail. AdoMet affects the initiation of transcription but not chain elongation. It is required for each reinitiation step during multiple transcription cycles. Under limited conditions of synthesis in reaction mixtures depleted of UTP and CTP, a greater amount of initiator oligonucleotides was formed in the presence of AdoMet than in its absence. These small oligonucleotides were also formed along with the completed mRNA under conditions of mRNA formation. Although these capped (or uncapped) oligonucleotides corresponded to the 5'-terminal sequence of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus mRNA, they failed to substitute for AdoMet in promoting mRNA synthesis. Efficient synthesis of mRNA containing 5'-m7GpppAmpG was dependent on the concentrations of AdoMet and the initiating nucleotide, ATP. There was also an inverse relationship between AdoMet and ATP concentrations such that the apparent Km for ATP was decreased strikingly from 10 to 0.25 mM as the AdoMet concentration was increased from 5 to 500 microM. This effect was observed only for ATP. Double reciprocal plots for estimating the Km of ATP formed concave upward curves but became linear upon addition of a higher concentration of AdoMet, indicating a positive cooperativity of ATP and allosteric effect of AdoMet in the initiation process. Stimulation of transcription by lowering the Km for the initiating nucleotide at the promoter site is proposed as a model for positive regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. PMID- 7005217 TI - Fluorescence studies of the location of proteins L7 and L12 on the Escherichia coli ribosome. AB - The location of ribosomal protein L7/L12 has been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Protein L7 modified mainly at the COOH terminus by 5 (iodoacetamidoethyl)-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, and yeast tRNAPhe containing fluorescent dyes located specifically near the anticodon or at the 3' end were used in these studies. Fluorescence-quenching measurements indicate that the COOH terminus of protein L7/L12 is very accessible to the solvent. Steady state anisotropy measurements indicate that this region has a high degree of rotational mobility. Singlet-singlet energy transfer measurements show that the COOH-terminal region of L7/L12 is far away from the peptidyltransferase center, and the main body of the ribosome in general. These results are most easily explained if all four copies of L7/L12 are in a parallel arrangement. Further energy transfer experiments show that the COOH terminus of L7/L12 must be greater than 70 A away from both the 3'-end and the anticodon region of ribosome-bound tRNAs. This indicates that all four copies of L7/L12 must be oriented so that their COOH termini are far away from the tRNAs. However, changes in both the spectrum and anisotropy of labeled L7/L12 accompany tRNA binding. The most simple explanation for these results is a structural change in the 70 S ribosome which somehow alters the environment or location of L7/L12 when tRNA is present. One simple possibility is an alteration in the quaternary arrangement of the multiple copies of L7/L12. PMID- 7005218 TI - Construction and preliminary characterization of the rat casein and alpha lactalbumin cDNA clones. AB - We have constructed a double-stranded cDNA library using total poly(A)-containing RNA extracted from 8-day lactating rat mammary gland and have utilized this library to isolate clones for each of the four major milk proteins. These four cDNA clones, representing the three major rat caseins and alpha-lactalbumin, were initially identified by colony hybridization with labeled cDNA probes synthesized from individual mRNA fractions purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. Additional characterization was accomplished by hybridizing individual clones labeled with 32P by nick translation to a Northern gel blot of an enriched fraction of the four major milk protein mRNAs. The individual mRNAs were clearly resolved by electrophoresis on fully denaturing methylmercury hydroxide agarose gels. The identity of each milk protein clone was further established by the location of unique restriction enzyme sites within each clone. Final identification of each clone was performed by hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. The sizes of the milk protein cDNA clones ranged frm 70% for the alpha-lactalbumin gene to essentially full length for the gamma-casein gene, in comparison to their respective mRNAs. This represents the first isolation of a family of peptide hormone-responsive genes. PMID- 7005219 TI - Structure of the filamentous bacteriophage fl. Location of the A, C, and D minor coat proteins. AB - The location within the virion of the A, C, and D minor coat proteins of the filamentous bacteriophage fl has been analyzed. The A protein is present in approximately 5 copies/particle and is located at the tip of normal length phage, miniphage, and fl/pBR322 chimeric phage, a longer than normal length phage. The mole ratios of the A, C, and D proteins are the same for each type of particle, consistent with a model of phage organization in which the minor coat proteins are clustered near or at the ends of the phage. Normal length phage were fragmented by passing them through a French press, and those fragments that contained the A protein were separated from those that did not by treating the mixture with anti-A protein antibody. Analysis of the protein compositions of the two populations of fragments showed that the A and D proteins were found together in one population of fragments and that most, it not all, of the C protein was found in the other. These results show that the D protein is located near or at the A protein end of the phage and that the C protein is located in a region near or at the opposite end. Treatment of the virion with proteases which lowered the infectivity of the phage resulted in particles in which only the A protein was cleaved to any detectable extent. These particles remained resistant to the action of micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 7005220 TI - 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzeno-2-oxa-1,3-diazole actin as a probe for actin polymerization. AB - Lysine 372 of N-ethylmaleimide actin was specifically (60%) labeled by 7-chloro-4 nitrobenzeno-2-oxa-1,3-diazole chloride (NBD-Cl), which also reacted with lysines on cyanogen bromide fragment 17 (20%) and other undetermined residues (20%). Isolation of N-ethylmaleimide peptides and two-dimensional peptide mapping demonstrated that 90% of bound N-ethylmaleimide was attached to an adjacent residue, cysteine 373, independent of the polymerization state of actin during the labeling reaction. Formation of NBD cysteine severely inhibited lysine modification. After N-ethylmaleimide blockage of cysteine 373, lysine labeling with NBD was greatly accelerated. The kinetics of formation of fluorescent compounds were biphasic, with fluorescence decreasing upon prolonged incubation of actin in NBD-Cl. Lysine 372 of purified NBD actin reproducibly responded to polymerization by a 2.2- to 2.3-fold enhancement of fluorescence. By contrast, interaction of NBD actin with several actin-binding proteins caused only very small or undetectable changes in fluorescence intensity: 10% enhancement on myosin subfragment 1 binding, about 6% quenching by DNase I, and no change at all by tropomyosin-troponin. Despite its sensitivity to polymerization the probe did not affect it. Native and modified actin polymerized randomly indicating that the rate constants for polymerization remained the same. Labeling actin with NBD did not diminish its cofactor activity for myosin ATPase activity. Contrary to previous reports we observed that myosin subfragment 1 (single myosin heads) caused actin polymerization in the absence of salt. PMID- 7005222 TI - Immunochemical studies on catabolite inactivation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme is composed of four subunits of Mr = 64,000. Specific antibodies against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were raised in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is rapidly inactivated when glucose is added to cells starved for carbon (Haarasilta, S., and Oura, E. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 52, 1-7; Gancedo, C., and Schwerzmann, K. (1976)( ARch. Microbiol. 109, 221-225). In the present study this inactivation has been analyzed by immunochemical techniques. It was found that the loss of catalytic activity is paralleled by a decrease in cross reacting material which suggests degradation of the enzyme. In the absence of glucose the enzyme is degraded very slowly, which indicates that glucose-induced inactivation cannot simply be due to repression of enzyme synthesis in the presence of a rapid rate of degradation. Experiments with a proteinase-deficient mutant showed that proteinase B, carboxypeptidase Y, and carboxypeptidase S are not involved in the inactivation system. PMID- 7005221 TI - Effects of insulin, catecholamines, and cyclic nucleotides on rat adipocyte membrane potential. PMID- 7005223 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Characteristics of fatty acid transfer from acyl-acyl carrier protein to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. AB - Two kinetically distinguishable sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (glycerol-P) acryltransferase activities were detected in Escherichia coli inner membranes using acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrates. The first system was characterized as having a Michaelis constant (Km) for glycerol-P of 90 microM and utilized palmitoyl-ACP to form primarily 1-acylglycerol-P. Palmitoyl-CoA and cis vaccenoyl-ACP were also utilized by this system but, with these substrates, significantly more phosphatidic acid was formed as compared to palmitoyl-ACP. Although palmitoyl-ACP and palmitoyl-CoA had kinetically indistinguishable glycerol-P sites, distinct acyl donor binding sites were inferred from kinetic experiments using acyl carrier protein as an acyltransferase inhibitor. A second enzyme system, characterized as having a Km for glycerol-P of 700 microM, was found using palmitoyl-ACP as a substrate. This acyltransferase had a slightly higher pH optimum than the low Km acyltransferase activity, and phosphatidic acid was the major product. Two degradative reactions were identified in this system. One reaction yielded diacylglycerol when palmitoyl-ACP was the substrate. The other degradative reaction produced glycerol. Glycerol was formed in all incubations but was most pronounced when palmitoyl-ACP was the substrate. PMID- 7005224 TI - Chain-terminating mutants affecting a periplasmic binding protein involved in the active transport of arginine and ornithine in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7005225 TI - Substrate specificity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli. AB - The investigation of the substrate specificity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli allows a description of the binding region of pyruvate. Substrate analogs with electronegative substitutions in the methyl group show a strong competitive inhibition of the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The most efficient inhibitor is fluoropyruvate which has a more than 100-fold higher affinity for the enzyme than pyruvate (Ki = 1.4 x 10(-6) M) does. The affinity of alpha-keto acids decreases with increasing chain length. Branched chain alpha-keto acids are even less effective inhibitors (Ki = approximately 0.02 M). alpha-Ketobutyrate is the only alpha-keto acid which is able to substitute for pyruvate as a substrate in the overall reaction of the enzyme complex. The Km value (3 mM) is 10-fold greater than that for pyruvate. The steady state kinetics of the overall reaction of alpha-ketobutyrate exhibits the same cooperativity (nh = 1.9) as seen with pyruvate. Small modifications of the carbonyl or the carboxyl group of pyruvate prevent binding completely. Binding of pyruvate to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex may thus require interaction with two independent electrophilic centers. The acceptance of the methyl group seems not so much due to lipophilic interactions as to a steric effect. The experiments were carried out with an enzyme which was purified by a modified procedure which is faster and more convenient than previous methods. The procedure is applicable up to 0.5 liter of crude extract. PMID- 7005226 TI - A histone-like protein (HTa) from Thermoplasma acidophilum. II. Complete amino acid sequence. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the DNA-binding histone-like protein (Hta) from Thermoplasma acidophilum has been established by sequence studies directly on the protein and on tryptic, chymotryptic, and thermolysin peptides derived from the protein. The sequence of the 89-residue form of HTa is: H2N-Val-Gly-Ile Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Lys-Glu-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Asn-Thr-Thr-Gln-Lys -Val-Ala-Arg-Thr Val-Ile-Lys-Ser-Phe-Leu-Asp-Glu-Ile-Val-Ser-Glu-Ala-Asn-Gly-Gl y-Gln-Lys-Ile-Asn Leu-Ala-Gly-Phe-Gly-Ile-Phe-Glu-Arg-Arg-Thr-Gln-Gly-Pro-Arg-L ys-Ala-Arg-Asn-Pro Gln-Thr-Lys-Lys-Val-Ile-Glu-Val-Pro-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Phe-Val- Phe-Arg-Ala-Ser-Ser Lys-Ile-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Gln-COOH The molecular weight calculated from the sequence is 9,934. Another form of HTa probably differs only by the presence of an additional residue (methionine) at the NH2 terminus (the calculated molecular weight of this form is 10,065). HTa resembles eukaryotic histones in several ways, including some sequence homology, HTa also shows sequence homology with the Escherichia coli DNA-binding proteins NS1 (or HU-1) and NS2 (or HU-2). PMID- 7005227 TI - Biosynthesis of bile acids in man. An in vivo evaluation of the conversion of R and S 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-24 xi-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acids to cholic acid. AB - In vivo studies were carried out on three bile fistula patients to further elucidate the side chain oxidation pathways from C-27 bile acids to cholic acid in man. Two patients each received (25-R)- and (25-S)-3 alpha, 7 alpha,-12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-[7 beta-3H]cholestanoic acid (THCA) on consecutive days and three patients wee administered 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alhpa, 24 xi-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-[7 beta-3H]cholestanoic acid (varanic acid). The varanic acid was biosynthetically prepared with rat liver microsomes and was probably the 24 alpha isomer. The patients efficiently (84 to 97%) converted both (R)- and (S)-THCA to cholic acid. There was no apparent significant difference in the ability of either (R)- or (S)-THCA to form cholic acid. Varanic acid was poorly converted (20 to 27%) to cholic acid in all three patients. From 49 to 75% of the administered 3H activity was recovered in the bile as other labeled products. The bulk (30 to 35%) of this 3H activity was identified by thin layer chromatography as varanic acid. The rate of conversion of (R)-THCA, (S)-THCA, and varanic acid was extremely rapid in all three patients with a t 1/2 of 35 to 74 min. The findings suggest that (a) the stereospecific configuration at C-25 of THCA has no significant effect on the efficiency of side chain oxidation to cholic acid; and (b) side chain cleavage pathways may exist which do not pass through varanic acid, or the oxidation of varanic acid in man is highly stereospecific with respect to the hydroxyl group at C-24. To prove the latter, it will be necessary to compare the metabolism of the 24 alpha and 24 beta isomers of varanic acid. PMID- 7005229 TI - Isolation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 has been isolated from the high speed supernatant fraction of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This purification steps include ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on Sephacryl 300 and hydroxyapatite, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. Electrophoresis of the purified factor on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels reveals three polypeptides with a total Mr of 127,000. The molecular weights of the subunits are 31,000, 46,500, and 49,600. The pI of each of these subunits is 4.5, 7.3, and 8.6, respectively. The stoichiometry of the subunits varies from 1:1:1 to 1:0.25:1 suggesting that the active factor may be composed of only two subunits with total Mr of 80,000. The factor is part of a high molecular weight complex during the first steps of the purification. Prior to chromatography on Sephacryl, this complex is broken up in high salt. The activity of the factor is stabilized by inclusion of GDP in all buffers during the preparation and is stimulated by magnesium ion. PMID- 7005228 TI - Size classes of products synthesized processively by DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7005230 TI - Specific tritium incorporation into gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in proteins. The pH dependence of gamma-proton exchange. PMID- 7005231 TI - Purification and properties of an NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase from human brain. Relationship to prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase and xenobiotic ketone reductase. AB - A nonspecific NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase from human brain (formerly designated as aldehyde reductase 1; Ris, M. M., and von Wartburg, J. P. (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 37, 69-77) has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme reduces a number of biologically and pharmacologically active carbonyl compounds. Quinones, e.g. menadione, ubiquinone, and tocopherolquinone are the best substrates, followed by aldehydes containing an activated carbonyl moiety, e.g. 4 nitrobenzaldehyde or methylglyoxal. The enzyme also reduces ketones, e.g. prostaglandins of the E and A class, the anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin and 3-ketosteroids. During catalysis the pro 4S hydrogen atom of the nicotinamide ring of NADPH is transferred to the substrate. Flavonoids, e.g. quercetin and rutin, indomethacin, ethacrynic acid, and dicoumarol inhibit the enzyme activity. 4-Hydroxymercuribenzoate and iodoacetate inactivate the enzyme. NADPH and substrate do not protect against the loss of activity. Carbonyl reductase consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 30,000. The native enzyme occurs in three molecular forms with similar substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. The isoelectric points of the three enzyme species are 6.95, 7.85, and 8.5. In the presence of coenzyme the isoelectric points are shifted to 5.2 to 5.9. The comparison of structural and enzymic features of carbonyl reductase with other monomeric oxidoreductases suggests a close relationship of carbonyl reductase with prostaglandin 9-keto-reductase and xenobiotic ketone reductase. PMID- 7005232 TI - The mechanism of dissociation of aspartate transcarbamoylase by p mercuribenzoate. PMID- 7005233 TI - Crystallization of yeast triose phosphate isomerase from polyethylene glycol. Protein crystal formation following phase separation. PMID- 7005235 TI - The amino acid sequence of yeast enolase. AB - Automatic sequencing of yeast enolase and of its chemically and enzymatically produced peptide fragments has established the sequence of 416 of the 436 residues in the enolase subunits. The missing segments have been provided from results from sequencing the DNA of the yeast enolase genes (Holland, M. J., Holland, J. P., Thill, G. P., and Jackson, K. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1385 1395). The reported enolase sequence thus represents the results of two completely independent studies, which yielded identical results for 404 of the 436 residues, and which on re-examination are consistent with the reported sequence in all but nine positions. The availability of the entire yeast enolase sequence has permitted a reassessment of structure-function parameters available for the enzyme, and some implications of the sequence information on the secondary, tertiary, and quarternary structure and on the active site components of yeast enolase have been summarized and discussed. PMID- 7005234 TI - The amino acid sequence of yeast enolase. Preparation and characterization of peptides produced by chemical and enzymatic fragmentation. AB - Yeast enolase was subjected to chemical and enzymatic fragmentation, and the individual peptides produced were isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The chemical fragmentation was achieved by cleavage at the single cysteine residue with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, or at the 5 methionine residues with cyanogen bromide. The assignment of the two 2-nitro-5 thiocyanobenzoic acid fragments to the NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal regions (designated C1 and C2, respectively) of the enolase subunit could be done unequivocally on the basis of NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal analysis, and the same was the case for the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptides (designated M1 and M6, respectively). From a comparison of the CNBr peptides from enolase with those from Fragment C1, the identity of methionine peptides M4, of which only the NH2-terminal half is present in C1, and M5, which along with M6 is missing in C1, could also be established. The major enzymatic fragmentation was achieved by tryptic cleavage at the 14 arginine residues after acetylation of the lysine residues. Based on overlaps with methionine peptides, most of the arginine peptides could be ordered in proper sequence during the early phases of the work. Because of the size of several of the primary fragments, secondary cleavages were required for optimal sequencing data. These secondary cleavages were accomplished by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease, or by tryptic cleavage at cysteine after aminoethylation. PMID- 7005236 TI - Mitochondrial transcription complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A DNA protein complex has been isolated from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The complex transcribes RNA complementary to mtDNA in a nonrandom manner. The RNA polymerase activity contained in the transcription complex is not dependent on the addition of exogenous template. The activity is rendered template-dependent by autolysis and can be further purified by heparin-Sepharose 4B chromatography. The activity is inhibited by heparin, Mn2+, and increasing ionic strength. The activity requires Mg2+ and ribonucleotides. The preferred template for the template dependent activity is poly[d(AT)]. The majority of the RNA synthesized by the transcription complex from endogenous DNA is complementary to the DNA strands directing the synthesis of the large and small ribosomal RNA. In yeast the 21 S and 14S rRNA genes are widely separated, therefore the transcription of these two regions but not of the intervening regions by the transcription complex suggests the existence of at least two transcriptional promoters on the yeast mitochondrial genome. PMID- 7005237 TI - Purification of mitochondrial RNA polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The RNA polymerase from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively purified by Sepharose 4B, heparin Sepharose 4B phosphocellulose, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The activity co-sediments with a 45,000-dalton polypeptide at 6.3 S in glycerol gradients. The activity is inhibited by antibodies to the 45,000-dalton polypeptide. The activity is not inhibited by rifampicin or alpha-amanitin. It requires Mg2+ and is inhibited by elevated ionic strength and Mn2+. The most efficient template for the RNA polymerase is poly[d(AT)], with mtDNA being the preferred natural template. The RNA polymerase transcribes mtDNA from the petite strain F11 in a nonrandom manner. PMID- 7005238 TI - Current concepts review: vascularized free bone transplants. PMID- 7005240 TI - Arterial vascularization of the cauda equina. AB - Vascular injection of eleven perinates revealed that each lumbosacral spinal nerve root received its intrinsic blood supply from both distal and proximal radicular arteries through which the blood flowed toward a mutual anastomosis in the proximal one-third of the root. Segmental arteries supplied the distal vessels while their proximal equivalents received blood from their respective anterior or dorsolateral spinal arteries, which derived their flow from the large, irregularly located medullary arteries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The region of relative hypovascularity formed below the conus by the combined areas of anastomoses in the cauda equina may provide an anatomical rationale for the suspected neuroischemic manifestations concurrent with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. PMID- 7005239 TI - A multicenter study of the treatment of non-union with constant direct current. AB - A clinical study was initiated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1970 to evaluate the use of constant direct current in treating acquired non-union. In 1977 the study was expanded to include twelve participating investigators throughout the United States. The results indicate that, given proper electrical parameters and proper cast immobilization, a rate of bone union comparable to that seen with bone-graft surgery was achieved. Experience dictated that four cathodes, each delivering twenty microamperes of constant direct current for twelve weeks, were required to heal a non-union of a long bone. Of 178 non-union in 175 patients treated with adequate electricity in the University of Pennsylvania series, 149 (83.7 per cent) achieved solid bone union. Patients with a history of osteomyelitis had a healing rate of 74.4 per cent. The presence of previously inserted metallic fixation devices did not affect the end-result healing rate. Of eighty non-unions in seventy-nine patients treated with electricity in the participating investigators' series, fifty-eight (72.5 per cent) achieved solid bone union. Review of the non-unions treated unsuccessfully with constant direct current suggested that inadequate electricity, the presence of synovial pseudarthrosis or infection, and dislodgment of the electrodes are causes for failure with the procedure. Complications of the electrical treatment were minor and there was no deep infection resulting from this procedure in patients without previous osteomyelitis. We concluded that the practicing orthopaedic surgeon utilizing constant direct current to treat non-union should, by adhering to proper fracture management and by following the biophysical principles described herein, be able to achieve a rate of union comparable to that of bone-graft surgery, with a lower associated risk. PMID- 7005241 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum-cell sarcoma) of bone. Current strategy for orthopaedic surgeons. AB - We retrospectively reviewed the cases of eight patients with histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum-cell sarcoma) appearing as a primary bone lesion. Histological findings were classified according to the criteria of Rappaport. Lesions were staged as suggested by the Ann Arbor Conference. After thorough staging, four of the eight patients were shown to have more extensive disease than was initially thought, which altered the therapeutic approach used. Thorough staging is necessary for improved survival of patients with histiocytic lymphoma of bone. We suggest a diagnostic strategy for patients with histiocytic lymphoma presenting in bone that leads to appropriate therapy. PMID- 7005242 TI - Water fluoridation and fluoridation supplements in caries prevention. PMID- 7005243 TI - Tetanus and the general dentist: a review of prophylaxis. PMID- 7005244 TI - An in vitro investigation of marginal leakage using two composite resin restorative systems. PMID- 7005245 TI - Biological evaluation of oral tissues: the difference between fabricating a denture and providing a prosthetic service. PMID- 7005246 TI - Cancer chemoprevention. PMID- 7005247 TI - Spontaneous healing of mycotic aortic aneurysms. AB - A 55-year-old man had excision of two mycotic infrarenal aortic aneurysms five months after a severe, prolonged bacteremia. At the time of aortic surgery he was asymptomatic and had sterile blood cultures, and the resected aortic specimen demonstrated no organism on bacteriologic or histologic examination. Though these lesions may sporadically heal, their generally inexorable progression toward rupture or disseminated sepsis, and their usual unresponsiveness to antibiotics, dictates their removal in all cases. PMID- 7005248 TI - [Benign vascular digestive tract malformations. Review and report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Benign vascular digestive tube malformations were first described in 1839. Their incidence is low, they occur mainly in the small intestine and colon, and they are of current interest because of their rare nature, the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis, and the large variety of lesion observed. They tend to be diffuse, multiple, and may be found in the rectum. Treatment is difficult, therefore, and though surgery is usually indicated, endoscopic electrocoagulation, laser beams, or embolization may be of value when used alone or as complementary therapy. PMID- 7005249 TI - [Tertiary hyperparathyroidism following kidney transplants in man treated by parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autografts. A report on 8 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperparathyroidism developed in 8 of 76 patients two months to 4 years after functional Kidney transplants, the most constant manifestation being a hypercalcemia. Raised PTH levels were present in all 7 patients in whom they were measured. The 8 patients were treated by total parathyroidectomy, followed in 7 cases by an autograft of a parathyroid fragment into the muscle off one forearm, according to the technique described by wells. Blood calcium levels became normal in all cases after one month. PTH levels also returned to normal except in one case where rejection of the Kidney graft caused a reduction in renal function. Comparing PTH levels in the venous blood on the side of the autograft with that on the opposite side demonstrated that the parathyroid graft was actively secreting. PMID- 7005250 TI - [Hepaticoportal arteriovenous fistula: a case report, discussion of physiopathological and clinical problems, and review of the published literature (author's transl)]. AB - A patient developed an arteriovenous aneurysm between the gastroduodenal and middle colon arteries and the main mesentericoportal vein, following gastroduodenal resection. This case is described, and patients with arteriovenous fistulae in the portal region reported in the published literature (179 cases) are reviewed. Etiological, pathological, and clinical aspects in relation to surgical treatment and according to the type and location of the lesion, are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on a study of physiopathological problems, and the effects provoked by these fistulae on portal vein hemodynamics, arterial hemodynamic function, and on the general circulation are analyzed in greater detail. PMID- 7005252 TI - Determination of gentamicin in serum using liquid column chromatography. PMID- 7005251 TI - Affinity chromatography of cells and cell membranes. AB - This article attempts to introduce the concept of cellular affinity chromatography as it departs from molecular affinity chromatography. Special emphasis is placed on the selectio of a solid support as well as on the role of lectins as affinity ligands. Our major goal was to bring to light the basic principles involved, multiple options of ligands and matrices, and different techniques, which may be applied to separate the complex cell population as well as cell membranes. It is hoped that further developments in the field, especially in the selection of proper experimental conditions, ligands and matrix material may provide better results. We have tried to identify some of the potential problems which should be considered before these approaches can be used on a routine basis. Although the review deals primarily with the affinity chromatography of cells and cell membranes, examples are presented for diverse systems such as cell organelles, viruses and phages. A table summarizing the use of cellular affinity chromatography is included. It lists more than 80 examples covering the literature up to December, 1979. PMID- 7005253 TI - Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7005254 TI - The continually changing 'natural history' of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7005255 TI - Plasma somatomedins, endogenous insulin secretion, and growth in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. AB - Infants with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus are small for gestational age and fail to thrive postnatally unless insulin is administered. We have measured the concentrations of insulin-related growth factors in an infant girl with this condition to learn if deficiencies in one or more of these factors could be responsible for the impaired growth. Cord blood serum radioimmunoassayable insulin and somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (SMC/IGF-I) were low, but insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) measured by a specific radioreceptor assay was normal. Insulin therapy begun on the fourth day of life resulted in a prompt increase in weight and a delayed rise in SMC/IFG-I. No significant changes in IGF II were observed. After 2.5 months, insulin treatment was discontinued. At that time, endogenous insulin secretion was documented by increased urinary C-peptide. Normal growth and SMC/IFG-I levels persisted. We conclude that growth failure in this condition may be related not only to a lack of insulin but also to SMC/IGF-I deficiency. A deficiency in IGF-II is not involved. PMID- 7005256 TI - Characterization of the human insulin receptor solubilized from cultured fibroblast and erythrocyte cell membrane preparations. AB - Human insulin receptors have been partially purified from cultured diploid fibroblasts and from erythrocytes. Cell membrane fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation and solubilized with Triton X-100. Gel filtration chromatography of the 45,000 x g pellet yielded a single sharp peak of binding activity with an apparent molecular weight of 370,000. Solubilized receptor preparations showed binding affinity, pH optimum, and analog specificity similar to those for whole cells. These data indicate that insulin receptors may be isolated from readily obtainable normal human cells. In the case of the fibroblast, the system has the potential for the coordinated study of insulin receptor biochemistry and insulin action. PMID- 7005257 TI - Suppression of glucose production and stimulation of insulin secretion by physiological concentrations of ketone bodies in man. AB - To determine the mechanism by which ketone bodies decrease plasma glucose in man, seven normal postabsorptive volunteers were infused for 3 h with beta hydroxybutyrate. Total plasma ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate plus acetoacetate) increased to levels (approximately 2.5 mM) observed after a 2- to 3 day fast in normal subjects. Plasma glucose decreased 10% concomitant with decreases of 25% and 10%, respectively, in the rates of glucose production and glucose utilization determined isotopically with [3-3H]glucose. Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were unaltered, but plasma C-peptide levels increased from 2.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml to a maximum of 3.9 +/- 0.2 ng/ml at 30 min (P < 0.01) and remained significantly increased for more than 2 h. Plasma alanine decreased approximately 14% (P < 0.05), while plasma lactate increased 25% (P < 0.01) so that there was no net decrease in the combined levels of these gluconeogenic substrates. These results demonstrate that physiological increments in circulating ketone body concentrations decrease plasma glucose in normal man by suppressing glucose production, an effect which can be explained by the stimulation of insulin secretion being reflected only in changes in plasma C peptide. Thus, changes in pancreatic B cell function not sufficient to alter peripheral plasma insulin levels may cause significant changes in hepatic glucose production. PMID- 7005259 TI - A simple, economical bonding adhesive. PMID- 7005258 TI - Prolactin, growth hormone, thyrotropin, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine responses to exercise after fat- and carbohydrate-enriched diet. AB - The effect of 4 days of intake of a fat-enriched (76%) diet (F1 and F2 experiments) or a carbohydrate-enriched (77%) diet (CH experiment) on circulating levels of glucose, insulin, GH, PRL, and thyroid hormones during prolonged exercise was studied in seven healthy males. After each of the three diet periods, the subjects ran on a treadmill at 70% of individual maximal oxygen uptake. At exhaustion, a 10-min rest was allowed, after which the subjects were encouraged to run while glucose (F1 and CH experiments) or glucose and insulin (F2 experiment) concentrations were restored to preexercise levels. The fat diet decreased the mean concentrations of glucose, insulin, and T3 at rest and increased the mean GH level, whereas, mean PRL, T4, and TSH levels were not changed by diet. During exercise, the decline in glucose and insulin concentrations as well as the progressive increase in GH and PRL concentrations in plasma were enhanced by the fat diet compared to the carbohydrate diet (P < 0.02). Plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH were not significantly (P > 0.05) changed during exercise, but at identical times the T3 concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CH experiments than in F experiments. Glucose or glucose and insulin infusion during continued exercise eliminated hypoglycemic symptoms, and a further small rise in plasma PRL concentration was seen after the fat-enriched diet and glucose infusion (F1 experiment) but not during the F2 and CH experiments. In contrast, GH, TSH, T3, and T4 levels were not significantly (P > 0.05) changed in any of the experiments. These data suggest that glucopenia can be an important modulator of plasma GH and PRL during exercise. Furthermore, it is suggested that GH secretion is more sensitive to a decrease in glucose and insulin levels than PRL secretion. PMID- 7005261 TI - Removing bonded Begg brackets. PMID- 7005260 TI - Dr. Homer W. Phillips on bonding. (Part 1). Interview by Eugene L. Gottlieb. PMID- 7005262 TI - Dr. Homer W. Phillips on bonding (Part 2). Interview by E. L. Gottlieb. PMID- 7005263 TI - Complement-mediated defect in clearance and sequestration of sensitized, autologous erythrocytes in rodent malaria. AB - We investigated the ability of malaria-infected and normal mice to clear particulate immune complexes consisting of autologous erythrocytes sensitized with either IgG or complement. Normal mice rapidly clear autologous erythrocytes optimally sensitized with IgG and the liver plays a major role in their sequestration. Clearance of optimally sensitized erythrocytes is complement dependent because cobra venom factor-treated, normal mice failed to clear these cells rapidly, unless they had been pre-treated with fresh mouse serum. In the initial phase of Plasmodium berghei infection, clearance of the optimally sensitized erythrocytes was markedly increased over that observed in normal mice. 2 wk after infection, however, clearance was minimal. This defect was most likely the consequence of the hypocomplementemia observed at this stage of infection since sensitized erythrocytes were removed rapidly from the blood if they had been coated with C3 in vitro before injection into malarial mice.The functional activity of the complement receptors of phagocytic cells was assayed in malarial mice by the injection of autologous erythrocytes coated with C3 and C4 in the absence of antibody. The complement-coated erythrocytes were rapidly removed from the blood, accumulated in the liver, and then gradually returned to the circulation. Similar patterns were observed in normal animals, but the degree of clearance was considerably higher in the malarial mice late in infection. It appears, therefore, that complement receptors remain functional throughout the infection. Erythrocytes suboptimally sensitized with IgG were cleared minimally by normal mice. This clearance was not complement-dependent and was mediated mainly by the spleen. During malaria, clearance of these particles was initially enhanced but later it was abolished.The association of hypocomplementemia with a major splenic defect in clearance late in malaria infection may explain the accumulation of immune complexes in pathological sites observed in this disease. PMID- 7005264 TI - Participation of the prostaglandins in the control of renal blood flow during acute reduction of cardiac output in the dog. AB - To determine whether renal prostaglandins participate in the regulation of renal blood flow during acute reduction of cardiac output, cardiac venous return was decreased in 17 anesthetized dogs by inflating a balloon placed in the thoracic inferior vena cava. This maneuver decreased cardiac output from 3.69+/-0.09 liters/min (mean+/-SEM) to 2.15+/-0.19 liters/min (P < 0.01) and the mean arterial blood pressure from 132+/-4 to 111+/-5 mm Hg (P < 0.01) and increased total peripheral vascular resistance from 37.6+/-2.5 to 57.9+/-4.8 arbitrary resistance units (RU) (P < 0.01). In marked contrast, only slight and insignificant decreases in the renal blood flow from 224+/-16 to 203+/-19 ml/min and renal vascular resistance from 0.66+/-0.06 to 0.61+/-0.05 arbitrary resistance units (ru) were observed during inflation of the balloon. Concomitant with these hemodynamic changes, plasma renin activity and plasma norepinephrine concentration increased significantly in both the arterial and renal venous bloods. Plasma concentration of prostaglandin E(2) in renal venous blood increased from 34+/-6 to 129+/-24 pg/ml (P < 0.01). The subsequent administration of indomethacin or meclofenamate had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral vascular resistance, but reduced renal blood flow from 203+/-19 to 156+/-21 ml/min (P < 0.01) and increased renal vascular resistance from 0.61+/-0.05 to 1.05+/-0.21 ru (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E(2) in renal venous blood fell from 129+/-24 to 19+/-3 pg/ml (P < 0.01). Administration of indomethacin to five dogs without prior obstruction of the inferior vena cava had no effect upon renal blood flow or renal vascular resistance. The results indicate that acute reduction of cardiac output enhances renal renin secretion and the activity of the renal adrenergic nerves as well as renal prostaglandin synthesis without significantly changing renal blood flow or renal vascular resistance. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis during acute reduction of cardiac output results in an increased renal vascular resistance and reduced renal blood flow. Accordingly, that data provide evidence that renal prostaglandins counteract in the kidney the vasoconstrictor mechanisms activated during acute reduction of cardiac output. PMID- 7005265 TI - Effects of corticosteroids on eosinophil chemotaxis and adherence. AB - Therapeutic doses of corticosteroids frequently induce eosinopenia; however, the mechanism(s) involved remain obscure. To investigate this question, we studied the effects of corticosteroids on eosinophil adherence and migration. Eosinophils from normal donors were prepared by dextran sedimentation and Hypaque gradient centrifugation to 45-96% purity. Adherence was measured by filtration of whole blood and isolated eosinophils through nylon wool columns. Before prednisone administration, adherence was 83.8+/-3.2% for eosinophils in heparinized blood and 82.1+/-3.2% for isolated eosinophils. 4 h after oral prednisone administration whole blood eosinophil adherence was reduced to 53.9+/-10.7%; at 24 and 48 h adherence was normal. In contrast, isolated eosinophils showed no decrease in adherence 4, 24, or 48 h after corticosteroid administration. Similarly, in vitro addition of hydrocortisone to isolated eosinophils at 0.01 and 2.0 mg/ml did not reduce adherence. Eosinophil migration was tested in modified Boyden chambers by "lower-surface" and "leading-front" methods, using zymosan-activated serum and buffered saline to assess chemotactic and random migration, respectively. In vitro incubation of eosinophils with hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone produced a dose-dependent inhibition of chemotaxis. Using lower-surface methods the minimal concentration effecting substantial inhibition was 0.01 mg/ml for both drugs. At 2.0 mg/ml hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone inhibited eosinophil chemotaxis 82.6+/-4.4% and 85.0+/-3.5%, respectively. Using leading-front chemotaxis techniques significant inhibition was detected at 0.001 mg/ml hydrocortisone. Eosinophils incubated and washed free of corticosteroids responded normally to chemoattractants, indicating that the inhibitory effect of these drugs was reversible. Hydrocortisone at 2 mg/ml inhibited random eosinophil migration, although this effect was not apparent at lower concentrations. Corticosteroids did not act as chemotactic factor inactivators and were not toxic as measured by trypan blue exclusion. Eosinophils obtained from donors who had received 40 mg of prednisone orally for four days showed normal chemotactic responses, probably reflecting the fact that the cells were washed free of plasma before testing. In contrast, incubation of eosinophils in plasma from donors who had received a 300-mg bolus of hydrocortisone induced 46.1+/-4.5% more inhibition of chemotaxis than did incubation in normal plasma. These results indicate that: (a) eosinophil adherence is transiently reduced following in vivo corticosteroid administration, (b) eosinophil chemotaxis is inhibited by both in vitro and in vivo administration of corticosteroids, and (c) the chemotaxis inhibiting effect is nontoxic, cell-directed, dose-dependent and reversible. Inhibition of eosinophil adherence and chemotaxis may in part explain how corticosteroids produce eosinopenia and decrease the local accumulation of eosinophils. PMID- 7005267 TI - Identification of group B streptococci in tissue sections using the peroxidase antiperoxidase method: a retrospective necropsy study. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used to demonstrate group B streptococci in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using commercial group specific streptococcal antiserum. Sections from neonatal necropsies in which postmortem lung cultures were positive for group B streptococci showed positively stained intra- and extra-cellular cocci in the alveolar exudate. Many hyaline membranes contained intact organisms whereas some membranes showed only diffuse positive staining. One case of neonatal death was evaluated in which there was a clinical diagnosis of group B streptococcal infection, but postmortem cultures were not obtained. Group B streptococci were identified in the lung by the PAP method. This method may be of assistance in the postmortem evaluation of certain infectious diseases such as those due to group B streptococci. PMID- 7005266 TI - Senile amyloidosis: a protean manifestation of the aging process. AB - Senile amyloidosis represents a group of diseases which, while sharing features common to other forms of amyloidosis, are unique and differ from one another in their morphology, biochemical behaviour, protein components, and organ distribution. Although the exact prevalence of various forms of this group of amyloidosis is not yet known, it appears that some forms are extremely common in elderly patients and in many patients may have no clinical significance. PMID- 7005268 TI - The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was found to be a rapid, specific method for detecting circulating antibodies to Legionella pneumophila, the aetiologic agent of Legionnaires' disease in human sera. Optimum conditions for performing the test are given. Better precipitin lines are observed when the gel support is neutral, and a result may be obtained in 90 to 180 minutes. Comparison of results of CIE and indirect fluorescent antibody tests on 22 sera from patients with Legionnaires' disease and on 27 sera from healthy control subjects showed 100% correlation, and 75 paired sera from patients with pneumonia of unknown aetiology showed 96.7% correlation. Laboratory diagnosis may be made quickly and accurately by CIE. The method is simple and easily performed in the routine laboratory. The antigen is stable at 4 degrees C for at least six months. PMID- 7005269 TI - A simple method for processing fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens for electron microscopy. PMID- 7005270 TI - An economical, simplified haemagglutination test for mass syphilis screening. PMID- 7005271 TI - Immunoperoxidase techniques and controls. PMID- 7005272 TI - Speech production in hearing-impaired children. AB - Investigations in recent years have indicated that only about 20% of the speech output of the deaf is understood by the "person-on-the-street." This lack of intelligibility has been associated with some frequently occurring segmental and suprasegmental errors. Errors of voicing and omission of consonants as well as vowel substitutions are common articulatory problems. Suprasegmental errors are associated with problems of timing, intonation, and voice quality. Yet, in spite of the relatively consistent findings regarding these frequently occurring errors, the correlation between the errors and overall speech intelligibility is less clear. The interrelationship between error types and the frequency of occurrence of a particular error type must be taken into consideration when interpreting the true effect of the error type on speech intelligibility. It is only when this is determined that one can begin to predict how much improvement to expect from correction of specific errors. PMID- 7005274 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: a clinical disorder of varied etiologies. Two cases and a review of immunologic and other reported findings. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an acquired mechanobullous disorder characterized by traumatically induced bullae in skin subjected to frictional injury, i.e., acral extensor surfaces or any point of sufficient mechanical distress. Two new patients with EBA are reported. Histopathologic findings were subepidermal ballae with sparse superficial perivascular mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrates. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive basement membrane zone (BMZ) was split between the floor and roof of the blisters with most attached to the blister roof. Electron microscopy of normal skin from one patient revealed a bandlike zone of granular material within the dermis immediately beneath the basal lamina. Nonbranching filaments were embedded in the granular material. Electron microscopy of normal skin from the second patient revealed a markedly diminished density of anchoring fibrils but no granular material. Immunologic findings in skin biopsies were C'3, IgG, and other immunoglobulins in varying combinations in both cases and in all reported cases. Comparisons of direct immunofluorescent (IF) findings in nine reported cases with 223 cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP) suggest that BMZ deposits of IgG plus IgA and/or IgM occur more frequently in EBA than in BP. Indirect IF studies of patients' sera revealed antibodies to the BMZ in two samples of one of our two cases and in one of seven cases reported by others. While both EBA and BP characteristically yield positive IF findings in the BMZ, clinical, electron microscopic, and some immunopathologic findings indicate that the two diseases are distinct. PMID- 7005273 TI - Granuloma annulare. AB - Granuloma annular (GA) is a benign inflammatory skin disease usually localized to the distal extremities, although generalized, perforating, and subcutaneous variants have also been identified. A regular histopathologic feature is the presence of mononuclear cells, often in palisading array, around foci of altered collagen. The clinical and histologic features of each subtype of GA are discussed along with a differential diagnosis. A variety of remedies have been used to treat GA, but efficacy is hard to define in a disease in which spontaneous resolution is usual outcome. GA has not been conclusively linked either to diabetes or solar radiation. Recent data suggest a role for vascular injury or delayed-type hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis, but the cause of GA remains obscure. PMID- 7005275 TI - Joseph Towne: wax modeler extraordinary. PMID- 7005276 TI - Hermann Pinkus, M.D. PMID- 7005277 TI - Ultrastructural findings in acute and chronic graft-vs-hos reaction of the skin. AB - Two cases of graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were studied by transmission electron microscopy. One was observed only in the acute phase and the other, after a mild acute reaction, showed a chronic lichen planus-like pattern. All types of skin damage described in experimental GVHR have been confirmed in both cases. Our findings indicate an involvement of aggressor lymphocytes against keratinocytes as the chief pathogenetic mechanism of the disease, even in its chronic form, although the participation of humoral factors in some phases of the disorder cannot be excluded. The participation of Langerhans cells and macrophages in the reaction could not be demonstrated in these cases. PMID- 7005278 TI - Cutaneous pathobiology mediated by chemotherapy. AB - A histopathologic study of side effects of chemotherapy on normal skin was made by light microscopy and radioautography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Two psoriatic patients were studied after methotrexate treatment and one after polychemotherapy for an osteosarcoma 2--5 days after administration of methotrexate. Four biological effects can occur: cellular death, recruitment of cells from a resting phase into the cell cycle of proliferation, synchronization of cells in that cycle and blockage of cells in specific phases. Sub-lethal signs and necrosis were recognized in the epidermis as vacuolar alterations, cytoplasmic inclusions, swelling of keratinocytes, apoptosis and dyskeratosis. Bullae resulted from epidermal necrolysis. The labelling index of normal looking keratinocytes was very high. Within capillaries, plump and hyperchromatic endothelial cells were increased in number, as was their labelling index. Fibroblasts and cells of the eccrine glands were also labelled in number. The number of labelled nuclei within these cell lines reflects the recruitment and synchronization in the cell cycle and the blockage in S phase. PMID- 7005279 TI - Characterization and response to mitogens of mammary lymphocytes from the bovine dry-period secretion. AB - From bovine mammary secretion during the dry period, the total number of cells was between 1.2 and 5.9 X 10(6)/ml. A mean of 35% of these cells were classified as lymphocytes and approximately 85% of them could be isolated by the Ficoll isopac method. Centrifugation separated 6% of the cells into the fat; 5% of them were lymphocytes. About 47% of the lymphocytes bound Helix pomatia agglutinin, a T-cells marker, while the proportion of Ig-bearing cells was approximately 28%. The mammary lymphocytes were stimulated by the lectins phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A and by lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. The stimulation indices of mammary lymphocytes were generally lower than those for peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same animals. The background values, i.e. counts/min of lymphocytes incubated without mitogen, were often higher for lymphocytes isolated from mammary secretion than from blood. PMID- 7005280 TI - [Conservative treatment of natal and neonatal teeth: a case report]. PMID- 7005281 TI - [The contamination of airturbine handpieces and the disinfecting effect of ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 7005285 TI - The case against the edentulous ridge--and an alternative. AB - Loss of alveolar bone height frequently occurs when all teeth have been extracted, and many consider this loss irreversible. Retaining teeth under complete and partial dentures is a way of preventing bone loss; this type of treatment should be considered more often to prevent the handicapping condition of edentulism. PMID- 7005283 TI - An electron capture gas chromatographic method for determination of residues of 1,2-dibromoethane in fumigated grapefruit. PMID- 7005286 TI - Observations of denture-supporting tissue during six months of denture adhesive wearing. AB - The regular use by denture wearers of an appropriate denture adhesive is not associated with any increased incidence in mucosal irritation. The use of such an adhesive can, in fact, reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of tissue irritation and, at the same time, provide the denture wearer with specific benefits--both physical and psychological. The use by 111 denture wearers of a natural gum or a synthetic polymer adhesive for six months was not accompanied by any increase in mucosal irritation of denture bearing tissues. Mucosal irritation present in certain of the subjects at the start of the study was eliminated in almost all cases with the continuing use of the assigned adhesive during the six month observation period. PMID- 7005282 TI - [Effect of univalent cations on bacterial absorption of tetracycline antibiotics]. PMID- 7005284 TI - The presidents. William Henry Goddard, 1882-1883. PMID- 7005287 TI - Aphthous ulcers--a review of the literature on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Recurrent aphthous ulcerations are seen in everyday dental practice. These lesions may easily be misdiagnosed and mistreated. A comprehensive but nondefinitive review of the literature is presented in hope that the practitioner can better diagnose, evaluate, research, and treat RAS. Although many modalities of treatment have been advocated, a truly effective therapeutic regimen to prevent RAS does not yet seem available. Additional research on the ideology, pathogenesis, and treatment of RAS is, therefore, needed. PMID- 7005290 TI - The telescoped overdenture: advantages and limitations. AB - A case is reported in which the telescoped overdenture was chosen instead of conventional techniques in treatment of a patient's maxillary teeth. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed. PMID- 7005289 TI - Cast metal resin-bonded retainers for posterior teeth. AB - The design, fabrication, and bonding factors relating to resin-bonded retainers for posterior teeth have been described. When indicated, these retainers provide an alternative to the usual fixed prosthodontic retainers. In addition to having the qualities of a fixed appliance, these retainers enable the therapeutic procedure to be conservative, esthetically acceptable, economical, and reversible. PMID- 7005288 TI - Edwin Tyler Darby, 1883-1884. PMID- 7005292 TI - Computer technology in dental practice. Council on Dental Practice. PMID- 7005291 TI - Tetracycline in the treatment of periodontal disease: review of current literature. AB - For many years, tetracycline has been prescribed in the treatment of periodontal disease with little research data supporting such use. Current data suggest that most patients with periodontal disease are best treated by conventional techniques of subgingival debridement. PMID- 7005293 TI - Short-term efficacy trial and twenty-four-month follow-up of flunisolide nasal spray in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. AB - Seventy-eight patients with perennial rhinitis underwent a double-blind, placebo controlled. 12-wk trial with flunisolide nasal spray, a new potent topical steroid. Eighteen of these patients were followed in an open study and evaluated at intervals for side effects and dosage of spray used. Baseline and plasma cortisol concentrations were performed before and at the end of the 12-wk, double blind period. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing was performed on six patients after 1 yr of flunisolide therapy at 300 micrograms/day or less. Flunisolide was found to be safe and effective over a short period. Over a 2-yr follow-up there were no serious side effects or evidence of adrenal suppression. Ten patients with perennial rhinitis continue to obtain subjective benefit after 2 yr of therapy with flunisolide nasal spray. PMID- 7005294 TI - Serum concentrations of the iodothyronines in elderly subjects: decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 index. AB - In four groups of subjects free of thyroid disease, the following determinations were made: serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3(rT3) and diiodothyronine (T2), and calculated indices of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3). Group A comprised healthy subjects aged 16-64; Group B, 24 healthy elderly subjects aged 68-95; Group C, 23 elderly patients with mild well-controlled chronic illnesses, aged 70-85; Group D, 40 nursing home residents aged 66-100. Serum T4 and T2 concentrations and the FT4 index were not affected by age; the rT3 concentration was slightly but significantly elevated only in Group D patients. Serum T3 concentration was significantly lower in all groups of elderly subjects and decreased FT3 index measurements were detected after age 75. It was concluded that old age, without complicating illness, is accompanied only by a decrease in the serum level of T3 and the FT3 index; values for other iodothyronines are unchanged. Clinicians should consider the age related changes in T3 and FT3 values when interpreting thyroid function tests. PMID- 7005295 TI - Changes in endocrine activities relative to obesity in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The possible role of obesity in the development of hypertension was investigated in two study groups. In a population study of 961 subjects, 739 were found to be normotensive and 222 hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension was 18.7 percent in the nonobese, and 33.2 percent in the obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased progressively with the increase of relative body weight in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. In addition, an endocrinologic study was made of 97 patients with essential hypertension; in 82, plasma renin activity (PRA) was inversely correlated with the increase of relative body weight but not with urinary Na excretion. Despite this decrease of PRA, the level of serum aldosterone was not influenced by relative body weight. Thus, the aldosterone/PRA ratio ratio increased progressively with the increase of relative body weight. Thiazide therapy normalized this inappropriately high ratio, and reduced body weight and blood pressure. Restriction of dietary calories and salt intake had a similar effect. With a high-salt intake in an obese subject, the aldosterone/PRA ratio is unduly increased. Apparently aldosterone contributes to the additional retention of sodium and water and thereby promotes hypertension in the presence of an expanded fluid volume. PMID- 7005296 TI - Double masked study of progressive addition lenses. AB - Fifty-four patients, selected to encompass the full range of bifocal additions were involved in a double masked study of Varilux II and Ultravue progressive addition lenses in which neither patient in or examiner knew the type of lens prescribed at a given trial. Measurements of width of near field were taken with each type prior to and following wearing periods of one month each. Subjects had complete freedom to select or substitute a form of bifocal of their own choice without extra costs. The paper indicates the selections made, and considers the variables influencing these choices. The final results imply that acceptance of variable focus lenses may rest more with the bias of the practitioner than the readiness of the patient. PMID- 7005297 TI - Historical summary of visual fields methods. AB - A brief historical progression of visual field testing is presented. The time period is from ancients who had no instrumentation to moderns who employ sophisticated diagnostic methods. PMID- 7005299 TI - A new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using tripeptide L-prolyl-L prolyl-L-alanine as substrate. AB - We have developed a new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using a tripeptide, L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine, which might be one of the potential natural substrates. The principle of the assay is based on the measurement of fluorescent adduct between alanine liberated from the tripeptide by enzymatic hydrolysis and o-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol in aqueous alkaline medium. This new assay is sensitive enough to measure the enzyme activity in as little as 0.01 microliter of human serum and in crevicular fluid obtained from human gingival sulcus. The Km value for the tripeptide was 1.7 x 10(-5) M which is less than one-tenth of that obtained with other chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. The interference by serum was overcome by simply incorporating the same amount of serum in the standards. PMID- 7005298 TI - The status of color fields today. AB - Pathology of the visual system can alter perception in the central and peripheral visual field. Pseudoisochromatic plates and pigment panel tests can be used to study macular color vision. Perimetric techniques using color targets extends testing to the peripheral field. This facilitates detection of early, sometimes subtle defects that are missed with conventional white-target perimetry. The stimulus conditions and methods of color perimetry are reviewed in this paper, particularly recent methodological advancements which offer a potential for increased sensitivity in detection of pathology. PMID- 7005300 TI - [Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber : exploration by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Transfixing keratoplasty was performed in a patient seven years after a lens extraction, following the appearance of corneal edema with hypertony and proliferation of a retrocorneal veil. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the posterior surface of the removed graft demonstrated the presence of a vast cellular veil formed of epithelial cells. The principal characteristics of these cells were their polygonal shape, slightly raised edges, and the presence of numerous surface microvilli. Because of the particular characteristics of this epithelium, scanning electron microscopy can be used to observe mitoses in the deep layer as well as for differentiation of the superficial layers. The epithelial cell appears to be identical, as far as its evolution is concerned, both in the aqueous humor and when in contact with the lacrymal film. When compared with other modern investigational techniques, the scanning electron microscope appears to be an effective method for studying epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber. In fact, optical microscopy is of little value in such cases, and transmitted light electron microscopy too heavy a technique for the results expected. Scanning electron microscopy enables precise definition of epithelial cells and can confirm their corneal or conjunctival origin. PMID- 7005302 TI - [Federation des Gynecologues et Obstetriciens de langue francaise. List of members as of February 1980]. PMID- 7005301 TI - [Corneal incision in inverse step (author's transl)]. AB - The author presents a corneal incision similar to that of Charleux, but the "biseau" was replaced by a step. Thus the wound is easier closed by the intraocular pressure because the thin posterior plane is moulded over the irregularities of the superficial plane easier than the short slope of Charleux's incision. As a proof, without reducing the postoperative security, the suture consists only of 3 points -- thus inducing a favourable influence on the cicatrisation --, the knotting force is diminished -- avoiding thus the risk of thread cutting the tissue, and the conjunctival covering is rarely used -- leaving thus the entire draining way of the aqueous humour unaffected. The 80 patients operated on left the hospital in the 4th day (41%), 10th day (50%) or in the 14th-21st day (9%), with satisfactory late results: visual acuity superior to 5/10 (87%) and astigmatism inferior to 1D (89%). PMID- 7005303 TI - [Factors contributing to the etiology of hypertension in pregnancy. 2. Renin angiotensin system and toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 7005305 TI - [Modifications of vascular reactivity. 2. Modifications of reactivity]. PMID- 7005304 TI - [Factors contributing to the etiology of hypertension in pregnancy. 3. Placental and renal vascularization with reference to humoral factors or local hormones]. PMID- 7005307 TI - [Glucose tolerance on long-term treatment with a progestogen (etynodiol diacetate) (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous long-term treatments with progestogens are able to bring about an hyperinsulinic reaction, which up till now has been considered to be due to a peripheral anti-insulin effect. Isolating the levels of immuno-reactive plasma insulin and of human C-peptide at the same time when loads of glucose and of tolbutamide are given after one another would seem to demonstrate that there is a primitive beta-islet of Langerhans origin for this hyperinsulinaemia. These results show that it is safe to prescribe etynodiol diacetate to "normal" patients as well as to "diabetic" patients. PMID- 7005306 TI - [The influence of pethidine on uterine activity and dilatation of the cervix in spontaneous labour (author's transl)]. AB - Two series of patients, randomly selected, 29 of whom had pethidine and 29 of whom had a placebo, were compared in order to study the influence of intra muscular pethidine on uterine activity and on the speed with which the cervix dilated. The experiment was a double blind one. A significant increase in the basal tone of the uterine muscle was found 40 minutes after the injection in the group that received pethidine, although there was no other significant difference in the other parameters which were intensity, frequency, length, surface of the contractions [half the height multiplied by (X times) the base on the monitor recording], uterine activity in Montevideo and in Toulouse units and the speed of dilatation. These results do not bear out the classical hypotheses of the muscle relaxing effect of pethidine, and in particular that the uterus relaxes better between contractions, nor that there is relaxation of the cervix in labour. The indication for the use of pethidine is perhaps justified because of its analgesic effect, but as far as favouring dilatation of the cervix in labour is concerned is at best worthy of discussion. PMID- 7005308 TI - [Echograpic diagnosis of a rare malformation: iniencephaly (author's transl)]. AB - We describe a case of iniencephaly, which is a maldevelopment rare enough to warrant the publication of known cases. The ultrasound pictures that are taken and presented show a spina bifida and an omphalocoele were associated with the cerebral abnormality. It is further confirmation of the great value of routine ultrasound making early diagnosis of fetal malformations. PMID- 7005309 TI - [Maternal transmission of bacterial infections in 67 newborn infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005310 TI - [Hydramnios and fetal malformations. A consecutive series of 50 cases which were under observation in the maternity unit of C.H.U. of Rennes between 1971 and 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - 50 cases of hydramnios were found in 17,528 deliveries. This gives a percentage of 0.29. These 50 cases of hydramnios gave birth to 53 fetuses which showed one or more of the following abnormalities. 20 malformations of which 12 were of the central nervous system; 6 twins; 6 cases of Rhesus allo-immunisation; 1 case of chorio angioma; 4 unexplained intra-uterine deaths; and 27 infants that died later. No etiological cause for this hydramnios was found in 20 cases. There was no maternal pathology to be found. Often the obstetrical histories of these women are pathological. In 3 per cent of the cases there was a previous abortion and in 18 per cent it appeared that there was previous hydramnios. We discuss what measures should be taken in cases of hydramnios. In our opinion a woman who has had a pregnancy with hydramnios should have genetic counseilling. The combination of hydramnios with delayed intra-uterine growth suggests that fetal malformation is present. PMID- 7005311 TI - [An 18th century surgeon-midwife]. PMID- 7005312 TI - Portal hypertension and its complications--an overview. AB - The major consequences of cirrhosis stem from development of portal hypertension which leads to bleeding varices, portasystemic encephalopathy, ascites, and hypersplenism. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of portal hypertension with regard to specific causes and the anatomic sites of circulatory derangement. The clinician must understand the mechanisms which lead to clinical complication if current therapy is to be relevant and practical. Controlled clinical trials are really the only way to establish the acceptability of specific therapies. PMID- 7005314 TI - Outbreak of salmonellosis in a poultry farm of Alipore village, Delhi. PMID- 7005313 TI - Current concepts of cobalamin (vitamin B12) absorption and malabsorption. PMID- 7005317 TI - Styles in scientific explanation: Paul Ehrlich and Svante Arrhenius on Immunochemistry. PMID- 7005315 TI - Duration of diethylcarbamazine treatment and clearance of microfilaraemia in bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7005316 TI - The history of Bernardo A. Houssay's Research Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental: the first twenty years, 1944-1963. PMID- 7005318 TI - Autoexperimentation with a drug by Arthur Conan Doyle. PMID- 7005319 TI - The wasteland: garbage and sanitary reform in the nineteenth-century American city. PMID- 7005320 TI - Anxiety--frustration--repressed hostility. An original drawing, painted in gouache, by Boris Artzybasheff. PMID- 7005322 TI - Dr. Edward F. Gleason (1869-1944) of Hyannis, Massachusetts, and the Cape Cod Hospital and Windmill. PMID- 7005321 TI - The chain osteotome by Heine. PMID- 7005323 TI - A letter to Benjamin Rush. PMID- 7005324 TI - Membrane filtration media for the enumeration of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in water: comparison of Tergitol 7 and lauryl sulphate with Teepol 610. AB - In a multi-laboratory trial with the membrane filtration technique, three surfactants--Teepol 610 (T610), Tergitol 7 (T7) and sodium lauryl sulphate (LS)- were compared in media for the enumeration of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in water. A total of 179 samples of water (87 raw and 92 marginally chlorinated) were examined for colony counts of coliform organisms, and 185 water samples (94 raw and 91 marginally chlorinated) for E. coli. Slight differences in the confirmed colony counts between the three media were noted, but few of these were observed consistently in every laboratory. In most laboratories, T7 gave slightly higher counts of E. coli than LS with chlorinated waters; a higher incidence of false-positive results for E. coli at 44 degrees C was also noted with T7. As there were no outstanding differences in the trial, sodium lauryl sulphate, which is chemically defined, cheap and readily available, is therefore recommended for use at a concentration of 0 . 1% instead of Teepol 610 in the standard medium for the enumeration of coliform organisms and E. coli in water by the membrane filtration technique. PMID- 7005325 TI - Significance of enteric gram-negative bacilli in the throat. AB - Pharyngeal micro-organisms of 131 Australian and Malaysian children and adults were compared by analysis of aerobic culture of throat swab specimens. Enteric Gram-negative bacilli were commonly isolated in small numbers from Malaysian adults whether they had sore throats (28%) or not (36%), but were detected in only 9% of Australian adults without sore throats and in only 12% and 4% of Malaysian children with and without sore throats respectively. In other respects microbiological findings were similar in the different groups of subjects studied. It is concluded that the pharyngeal carriage rate of enteric Gram negative bacilli may differ substantially between different groups of normal individuals. Our findings also suggest that these micro-organisms do not have a pathogenic role in pharyngitis. PMID- 7005326 TI - Serial subcultivation of Czechoslovakian and Japanese BCG strains. AB - Changes in the Danish BCG strain under certain regimens of subculture have been shown in preceding studies to be associated with selection of a minority population. Three Czechoslovakian BCG strains, all originally derived from the Danish strain but thereafter and in distinction from it maintained on potato media, have now been investigated. Changes in the immunizing potency of two of these strains have been attributed by other workers to employment of the richer potato media in place of Sauton medium as used for maintenance of the parent Danish strain. However, results from the present study suggest rather that selection of a pre-existing minority genotype or of a new mutant occurred. This proposal is supported by the finding that the third strain has maintained characteristics similar to those of the Danish parent despite many previous transfers on potato media.Another BCG strain investigated was the Japanese which, like the three Czechoslovakian strains, had been previously maintained on potato media. This strain has been shown in the present study to resemble the Danish strain in supporting a minority population yielding non-spreading colonies. Czechoslovakian vaccine prepared with seed culture supplied from Tokyo has retained characteristics similar to those of the Japanese parent. Although a majority population yielding spreading colonies appears so far to have been retained in both centres, it is considered that selection of the minority could still occur in the course of routine transfer. PMID- 7005327 TI - Further studies on caprine and ovine mycoplasmas related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. AB - Nine caprine and ovine mycoplasma strains, said to be indistinguishable serologically from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (the causative organism of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; CBPP) were examined in mice by (1) a mycoplasmaemia test, and (2) a cross-protection test. Of the nine strains, two from goats belonged to a small colony (SC) type; four caprine and three ovine strains belonged to a large colony (LC) type.The two SC strains - like a single SC strain examined in an earlier study - were indistinguishable from genuine M. mycoides subsp. mycoides as isolated from CBPP. They produced mycoplasmaemia readily. In a cross-protection test, the two SC strains and a CBPP strain immunized completely against each other.Of the seven LC strains, six - like six LC strains examined in an earlier study - were easily distinguished from genuine M. mycoides subsp. mycoides; except for one that was not tested, all were shown to lack the ability to produce mycoplasmaemia readily. In cross-protection tests all six strains immunized partially but not completely against a CBPP strain.The seventh LC strain (Mankefar 2833) was exceptional: it produced mycoplasmaemia readily, resembling the SC strains in this respect. Like other LC strains, in cross-protection tests it protected only partially against a CBPP strain. Strain Mankefar 2833 was isolated in ca. 1965 by Brack from a Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) in a German zoo.The ability of Mankefar 2833 to produce mycoplasmaemia enabled it to be used as a challenge strain in cross-protection tests. For the purpose of such tests the collection of nine mycoplasma strains referred to above was augmented with six LC strains from an earlier study. Partial but not complete protection against Mankefar 2833 was produced by two caprine SC strains, one CBPP strain, and nine LC strains. Three further LC strains gave protection that may have been as strong as that produced by the homologous strain, but confirmatory experiments are needed. A strain of M. mycoides subsp. capri gave no protection against Mankefar 2833. PMID- 7005328 TI - Clostridium botulinum in British soil. AB - Soil samples from various parts of Britain were examined for Clostridium botulinum by a sensitive technique comparable with that recently used for mud samples from British aquatic environments. The results showed beyond doubt that in Britain the prevalence of the organism in soil is much lower than in mud. Of 174 samples from all sites examined only 10 (5 . 7%) could be shown to contain Cl. botulinum; this finding was consistent with the results of surveys made by less sensitive techniques in 1922, 1928 and 1942. No type other than B was found. The evidence suggested that in certain localized areas the prevalence was likely to be high. Three sites associated for many years with animals were included in the survey; at the Zoological Society's premises at Regent's Park and Whipsnade, and at the Market paddocks, Gorgie, Edinburgh, the prevalence of Cl. botulinum was either very low, or nil. In an earlier survey of the redeveloped site of the former Metropolitan Cattle Market, London, 25% of soil samples gave a positive result and no less than four types (B, C, D. and E) were demonstrated. PMID- 7005330 TI - Plasmid studies of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 179 resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. AB - Sixteen strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 179 were referred to the National Health Institute, Wellington, New Zealand, from 1977 to 1979. This phage type had not been observed here before 1977. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, several were also resistant to tetracycline, and several were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphafurazole and trimethoprim. All resistances could be transferred to Escherichia coli K 12. Plasmids from these strains and their transconjugants were characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. It appears that resistance to sulphafurazole and trimethoprim is carried on a plasmid with a molecular weight of 5 . 2 Mdal and that resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline is carried on a plasmid with a molecular weight of approximately 60 Mdal. PMID- 7005331 TI - A spatial association between membrane IgD and the receptor for C3b (CR1) at the cell surface of murine B lymphocytes. AB - Surface immunoglobulin D (SIgD) and receptors for C3b (CR1) were demonstrated to be closely associated at the surface of mouse spleen lymphocytes. When SIgD was modulated by incubation at 37 degrees C with heteroantisera (rabbit) or monoclonal alloantibodies specific for delta-chains, the number of splenocytes capable of forming rosettes with EAC1-3b decreased by about 40%, whereas a smaller effect (13%) could be observed when EAC1-3d (indicators for CR2) were used. Antibodies to surface IgM were not inhibitory, ruling out the possibility of nonspecific inhibition of the C receptor sites by antigen-antibody complexes formed at the cell surface. In addition, co-capping of IgD and cR1 was observed on 65% of the cells expressing both markers. In these experiments IgM was shown to redistribute independently from both CR1 and CR2. CR2 and IgD also capped independently. Taken together with the observations that IgD and CR are ontogenetically related and that they have in common certain biologic properties (such as sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes and rate of turnover), these data suggest a functional relationship between the 2 surface receptors. A possible role in the mechanism of B lymphocyte triggering is discussed. PMID- 7005329 TI - Faecal excretion of entero-pathogens in a Pakistani family returning to the U.K. after a visit to Rawalpindi. AB - The family consisted of two parents and five children. While the father remained in Cardiff, the mother and all the children visited Rawalpindi, Pakistan, for 6 weeks to stay with relatives. Travel was by flight from Heathrow airport to Pakistan and by a short road journey to Rawalpindi. Mrs M. - the mother - as a guest, did no cooking on the holiday. The house which they were living in had a piped water supply, thought to be treated. There was no flush toilet but a commode was available and was emptied daily. All the children had gastro enteritis symptoms for 2-3 days after arrival. Ru M. - a daughter - had the most severe illness and was treated by a local doctor. Diarrhoea in the three girls persisted on return to U.K. A faecal swab from Ru M. showed her to be excreting S. typhi (degraded Vi phage type). She was admitted to hospital. Faecal samples from the remaining members of the family were taken and examined for entero pathogens. The father, Fa. M., who had not left Cardiff, had negative stools and remained free from infection. All other family members were excreting one or more entero-pathogens, including a Campylobacter sp., three types of Sh. flexneri and one type of Sh. boydii. A subsequent faecal sample revealed that one of the male children, A.M., was excreting S. typhi phage type B2. The two typhoid infections were apparently unconnected.The media used for microbiological diagnosis in this incident are discussed and contrasted with those employed for routine Salmonella examination of environmental samples. The advantages of selenite F in clinical diagnosis are noted.Antibiotic therapy was used for both typhoid cases but was not employed for the Shigella infections. The clinical condition of those involved in this incident might well have failed to arouse suspicion and the question arises whether food handlers returning from holiday in tropical and subtropical areas should have bacterological investigations before going back to their employment. PMID- 7005332 TI - Correlation of DNA-anti-DNA association rates with clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PMID- 7005333 TI - Macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infections: characterization of lymphokines that induce rickettsiacidal activity in macrophages. AB - Lymphokine-rich culture supernatants of antigen- or mitogen-stimulated spleen cells were fractionated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography; fractions were assayed for capacity to induce tumoricidal and rickettsiacidal activities in mouse macrophages. Lymphokine activity that activated macrophages for tumor cytotoxicity eluted as a single peak in the 45,000 m.w. region. In contrast, activity for intracellular killing of rickettsiae eluted in 3 distinct regions: 115 to 125,000, 35 to 45,000, and less than 10,000 daltons. This elution pattern was observed with both antigen and mitogen-induced lymphokines. Activity of each of the 3 lymphokine species for induction of rickettsiacidal activity was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 1 hr. Tumor cytotoxicity and rickettsiacidal activity, both effector functions of activated macrophages, were dissociated on the basis of lymphokines regulating these activities. PMID- 7005334 TI - Immune response to acute virus infection in the Syrian hamster. II. Studies on the identity of virus-induced cytotoxic effector cells. AB - The identity of the effector cell(s) mediating vaccinia virus-induced cytotoxic activity in Syrian hamsters undergoing acute virus infection has been investigated. Two different approaches have been utilized in this regard. Although T cells do not mediate vaccinia virus-induced cytotoxic activity directly, studies employing adult thymectomized, x-irradiated, bone-marrow reconstituted hamsters lacking discernible T cell reactivity demonstrated that the presence of an intact thymus and/or functional T cells were required for the in vivo development of a significant portion of vaccinia virus-induced cytotoxic activity. In addition, incorporation of aggregated gamma-globulins as well as anti-immunoglobulin reagents into the in vitro 51Cr release assay inhibited a significant proportion of the cytotoxic activity mediated by spleen cells obtained from acutely infected hamsters possessing an intact thymus. Both approaches have yielded information consistent with the idea that a sizable portion of vaccinia virus-induced cytotoxic activity in the Syrian hamster is effected by K cells mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The significance of this observation is discussed with regard to hamster viral immunity in general. PMID- 7005335 TI - Biosynthesis and cell surface localization of nonglycosylated human histocompatibility antigens. AB - The effects of the inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, tunicamycin, on the synthesis of HLA-A and -B antigens in the human lymphoblastoid cell line JY are described. HLA-A and -B antigens are membrane glycoproteins that consist of a two chain complex, the heavy chain being glycosylated at Asn 86, whereas the light chain, identical to beta 2-microglobulin, is not glycosylated. HLA-A and -B antigens synthesized in the presence of the antibiotic are devoid of carbohydrate. This lack of carbohydrate does not affect the association of the heavy and light chains, nor does it affect the reactivity with human alloantisera, or a mouse monoclonal antibody W6/32, that reacts with all HLA-A and -B specificities examined so far. Nonglycosylated HLA-A and -B antigens are no more susceptible to proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or papain than their fully glycosylated counterparts. Thus it may be concluded that the carbohydrate side chains of HLA-A and -B antigens do not contribute significantly to the conformation of HLA-A and -B antigens, at least as measured by these procedures. Pulse-chase experiments, in conjunction with the isolation of cell surface HLA-A and -B antigens by adsorbing the monoclonal antibody W6/32 to intact cells, indicate that nonglycosylated molecules reach the cell surface at a rate indistinguishable from that of fully glycosylated molecules (although the absolute amount synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin was decreased). Thus glycosylation is also not required for membrane insertion of HLA antigens, nor for their subsequent transport to the cell surface. PMID- 7005336 TI - Suppression of the anti-DNP IgE response with tolerogenic conjugates of DNP with polyvinyl alcohol. I. Specific suppression of the anti-DNP IgE response. PMID- 7005337 TI - Interaction between human neutrophils and zymosan particles: the role of opsonins and divalent cations. PMID- 7005338 TI - Evolutionary relationship of thymopoietin to immunoglobulins and cellular recognition molecules. AB - The sequence of thymopoietin, a thymic hormone composed of 49 amino acids, was compared to sequences of immunoglobulins and related cellular recognition molecules. Maximum homology was found between an active site of thymopoietin and homologous regions of IgG, IgE, beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-B7 and the Thy-1 antigen predicted to mediate immunologic activities, including Fc receptor binding. These results suggest that thymopoietin may be derived from approximately one half of the ancestral domain common to immunoglobulins and related immune system molecules and provide further support for a general theory that predicts the location of active sites in molecules of the immune system. PMID- 7005339 TI - Differential effect of aging on the heterogeneity of the immune response to a T dependent antigen in systemic and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. AB - The heterogeneity of the immune response in various lymphatic sites to trinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin was measured in old and young mice at a cellular level using inhibition of plaque-forming cell assay. The primary splenic PFC response of old C57BL/6J male mice was found to be markedly restricted in heterogeneity, with a preferential loss of IgM, IgG, and IgA high avidity PFC. The draining peripheral lymph node IgG PFC response of old mice exhibited similar restriction in heterogeneity, with a preferential loss of high avidity PFC. In contrast, mesenteric and mediastinal lymph node PFC response of old mice remained highly heterogeneous with respect to antibody affinity in the 3 isotypes studied. These results support the hypothesis that the mucosal-associated lymphoid system differs from the systemic system with regard to its immune competence with age. Furthermore, the results imply that the T cell helper activity is unimpaired in the mucosal-associated lymphoid apparatus in aged animals. PMID- 7005340 TI - T lymphocyte characteristics in bone marrow-transplanted patients. I. Changes in biochemical properties that correlate with the immunologic reconstitution. PMID- 7005341 TI - Characteristics of isolated erythrocyte complement receptor type one (CR1, C4b C3b receptor) and CR1-specific antibodies. PMID- 7005342 TI - Induction of IgE synthesis and potentiation of anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody response by HgCl2 in the rat. AB - The present study demonstrates that mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces a striking increase of total serum IgE in Brown Norway (BN) rats. Values up to several milligrams of IgE per milliliter of serum were observed. No antibody specificity was demonstrated for these IgE. Mercuric chloride also potentiated a specific anti-ovalbumin IgE response when the rats were immunized with ovalbumin. The kinetics of the response to HgCl2 was different from that to an antigenic stimulus alone: total IgE increased together with the potentiated anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody response to reach maximum values about 14 days after initiation of HgCl2 injections. The potentiated IgE antibodies represented only an insignificant fraction of total IgE. All these findings were observed in BN but not in Lewis rats. These data show analogies with those reported after parasitic infection in the rat and suggest similar mechanisms of action. PMID- 7005343 TI - Fibronectin in delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions: associations with vessel permeability and endothelial cell activation. PMID- 7005344 TI - Analysis of the different types of leukocyte membrane complement receptors and their interaction with the complement system. AB - The specificity, distribution, and structure of 8 different types of leukocytes membrane complement (C) receptors (CR1, CR2, CR3, and receptors for C1q, beta 1H, C3e, C3a, and C5a) are discussed. Recent data are reviewed on the synthesis of C components by macrophages and B lymphocytes, and how these components may function in the activation of these two cell type by the C system. Commonly used C receptor assay procedures are evaluated in terms of both specificity and sensitivity. Specific assay procedures are recommended for measuring CR1 (C4b-C3b receptor), CR2 (C3d receptor), CR3 (C3bi receptor), and the beta 1H receptor. Assays include both rosette and fluorescence procedures for detection of C receptors on either mouse or human leukocytes. Primary systems have been selected for optimal sensitivity and specificity, and where possible, acceptable alternative systems that are less sensitive or specific are suggested for laboratories lacking facilities for C purification. PMID- 7005345 TI - Endotoxin requirement for macrophage activation by lymphokines in a rapid microcytotoxicity assay. AB - A short term microcytotoxicity assay is described for studying the activation of M0 by lymphokines. Proteose-peptone-induced macrophages were purified by adherence in flat-bottomed microtiter plates and then activated by MAF-containing supernatants for 18 h. 51Cr-labeled tumor target cells were added for an additional 18 h, and then the supernatants were harvested and the % isotope release quantitated. When endotoxin-free medium and FBS were used, we found that small amounts of LPS were absolutely required for macrophage activation in this assay. The advantages of this technique included (a) good reproducibility, (b) the requirement for small number of M0, and (c) the potential of standardizing the assay and thereby testing a large number of samples. Moreover, this assay may have particular value for investigations of M0 activation by exogenous stimuli, since M0 that were not pretreated with activating agents did not exhibit cytotoxicity. PMID- 7005346 TI - The intracellular localisation of immunoglobulin in human lymphoid cells and haematopoietic cell lines by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. AB - A technique is described for the ultrastructural localisation of intracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) in human lymphoid cell suspensions by the immunoperoxidase method. The technique involves restricted saponin digestion of glutaraldehyde prefixed cells to enhance conjugate penetration. With this method of staining Ig was located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear space and Golgi apparatus in human lymphoid cells from a variety of sources, which is consistent with previously published observations using other ultrastructural techniques. In contrast, diffuse intracytoplasmic staining was predominant in cells prefixed with glutaraldehyde but not treated with saponin. These differences in patterns are discussed in terms of membrane permeability. Although saponin treatment was necessary for consistent localisation of intracellular Ig it resulted in unavoidable loss of Ig from the surface of the cells. PMID- 7005347 TI - Comparison of alloantisera and hybridoma antibody for purification of the H-2Db murine histocompatibility antigen and preliminary molecular characterization of this antigen. AB - Previous studies on the determination of the complete amino acid sequence of H-2 molecules have relied on alloantisera to purify the H-2 molecules by immunoprecipitation. In this study, directed toward the determination of the complete amino acid sequence of the H-2Db molecule, it was found that all H-2.2 alloantisera examined had very low antibody titers when analyzed by immunoprecipitation and that most of these antisera reacted with not only the H 2Db heavy chain but also with a 75,000 dalton virus-associated glycoprotein (gp 75). The problems encountered with conventional alloantisera were surmounted by utilizing a monoclonal antibody from hybridoma B22-249R1 obtained as described by Hammerling et al. (1979) and maintained in ascites form in (CBA x Balb/c) F1 mice. This antibody reacted with only 45,000 molecular weight material and had the added advantage of requiring only 0.1 ml of hybridoma ascites fluid to bind all of the H-2Db antigen from 3 x 10(8) EK-4 tumor cells. Biochemical examination of the purified H-2Db molecule showed that it possessed overall structural properties similar to other previously characterized H-2 molecules. An NH2 terminal amino acid sequence was determined for the H-2Db molecule for 28 residues and this sequence was compared to the complete NH2-terminal sequences of the H-2Kb and H-2Dd molecules, and the partial NH2-terminal sequence for the H 2Ld molecule; these comparisons indicated 82%, 75% and 100% homology respectively. In addition, these preliminary studies indicated that there was little or no beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) in the immunoprecipitates with the H2-2Db heavy chain. This lack of beta 2 mu in the immunoprecipitates was found to be true for alloantisera directed against private or public specificities, a xenoantiserum (sheep anti-H-2b), or hybridoma antibody used in the immunoprecipitation. PMID- 7005348 TI - Quantitative determination of circulating immune complexes by inhibition of the hemolytic activity of polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factor. AB - A practical and sensitive method for detection and quantification of soluble complement-fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed. The assay is based on inhibition of complement dependent sheep red cell hemolysis mediated by polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factor. Aggregated human IgG was used as an in vitro model of C-fixing human immune complexes and was quantified by its ability to inhibit hemolysis of sensitized sheep red cells by isolated IgM rheumatoid factor. The limit of sensitivity of this assay was 1--3 micrograms/ml. Fixation of complement in competition with isolated IgM rheumatoid factor, resulting in inhibition of hemolysis of sensitized sheep red cells, was used for detection and quantification of immune complexes in human sera. IgM rheumatoid factor was incubated with sensitised sheep red cells followed by addition of test sera; guinea pig complement was added; and the amount of IgM rheumatoid factor mediated hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically and referred to a standard curve of inhibition of hemolysis by increasing amounts of aggregated human gamma-globulin. Good discrimination between sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients compared with normal and hospitalized subjects was found. PMID- 7005349 TI - An improved method for the detection of human T lymphocytes in tissue sections. AB - The technique of haemadsorption to tissue sections for the detection of T lymphocytes is described in detail. The modification using the closed chamber technique is convenient, sensitive and reproducible. In principle, it parallels the rosette technique using blood lymphocytes in suspensions and AET-treated sheep erythrocytes. Storage of tissue at -25 degrees C did not reduce the activity of the E-receptors in the tissue. The E-receptors were blocked by incubation of the tissue sections with an anti-T lymphocyte serum. PMID- 7005351 TI - Q fever in India: a review. PMID- 7005350 TI - Levamisole in the treatment of chronic brucellosis. AB - Ten patients with chronic brucellosis were treated with levamisole, 150mg daily for 3 consecutive days every week for 6 months. Patients were followed up for another 6 months after the end of treatment. By the end of the treatment period, patients improved clinically, their E rosettes showed a significant increase and specific leukocyte inhibition migration factor (LIF) was produced. By the end of the follow up period, all patients except one became symptom free, antiglobulin titers were very low or negative, E rosettes showed a further increase ranging to normal levels and specific LIF activity was not detected to most of the patients. Our results suggest that levamisole might prove to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic brucellosis. PMID- 7005352 TI - Study of chemical reaction of the wound and its relation to healing and timing for skin grafting. PMID- 7005354 TI - The world's first gall bladder surgeon was a Hoosier. PMID- 7005353 TI - Genetic regulation of the expression of H-2-K.5 antigen of erythroid cells by H 2K end. AB - Difference in the amounts of H-2K.5 antigens present on erythrocytes was observed, using quantitative absorption method, among several B 10 congenic strains. However, no such variation was seen on the lymphocytes and lung cells. The variability in the amount of this antigen on the erythrocyte surface was primarily dependent on the haplotype of the H-2K end in the B 10 recombinant strains examined. This suggests that the regulator of H-2 expression on erythrocytes is in this region. Further genetic analysis confirmed that this regulation functions in the cis-position. Finally, the H-2K.5 antigenic activity was expressed on the reticulocytes of all strains tested, but appeared lower in the type 2 group indicating that the regulation begins early in erythropoietic differentiation and eventually results in a complete loss of detectable activity. PMID- 7005355 TI - G. W. H. Kemper, M.D. (1839-1927) Indiana medical historian. PMID- 7005356 TI - [An experimental study on the patency of the subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005357 TI - [Effects of local irritation on the periodontal tissues of alloxan diabetic rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005358 TI - [A study of the effects of bacterial endotoxin on periodontal tissue in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005359 TI - [Application of fluoride in direct bonding technique. The effect of various concentrations of sodium fluoride in etchant on tensile bond strength (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005360 TI - The response of condylar cartilage stimulated by a small bone defect in the rat mandible. PMID- 7005362 TI - Renal artery reconstruction. PMID- 7005361 TI - Multiple short-term effects of lead on the renin-angiotensin system. AB - We previously demonstrated that lead (3 mg/kg iv) sharply raises PRA in dogs. In the present study, the short-term effects of the same dose of lead on renin secretion, hepatic removal of renin, and arterial AII levels were measured in anesthetized dogs. Despite large increases in PRA in all nine lead-treated dogs, renin secretion increased in only three out of nine lead-treated animals (those with the lowest baseline renin secretion). Hepatic extraction of renin was eliminated by lead, and so total hepatic removal of renin became zero by 2 or 3 hr after lead administration. Finally, despite large increases in PRA, AII levels did not rise after lead. The linear relationship of AII to PRA seen in animals not treated with lead was changed, so that after lead, AII levels were disproportionately low for the corresponding level of PRA. It is concluded that lead may increase renin secretion in animals otherwise unstimulated to secrete but that the major mechanism for the short-term rise in PRA after lead is elimination of hepatic removal of renin; further, lead prevents AII from rising proportionately with PRA, presumably by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme. PMID- 7005364 TI - The medical career of Samuel H. Stout--Part I. PMID- 7005365 TI - The telephone doctor of Wilcox County (James D. Nettles). PMID- 7005363 TI - Analysis of a cell cycle model for Escherichia coli. AB - Ribosome and protein synthesis, DNA replication and cell division in Escherichia coli cells are described by a mathematical model that integrates previous descriptions in quantitative terms and proposes a new formalization to relate ribosome net synthesis to cell growth. The model assumes a cell size control of DNA replication and therefore is structurally divided into two subsystems: the first, whose state variables are ribosomes and protein, and the second, which is activated when the protein level reaches a threshold and which is comprised of DNA replication and cell division. The dynamics of the entire system is set only by the first subsystem: the values of its parameters determine whether the cells will be in a resting condition or will grow exponentially and in the latter case the resulting duplication time, while the structure and the parameter values of the second subsystem determine the size and the composition of the cell and the timing of DNA replication during the cycle. Relationships are derived that allow a simple determination of the time of initiation and of termination of DNA replication and the number of chromosome origins involved in any possible cell cycle as well as the macromolecular levels at the beginning of a cycle and on the average in a population of cells in balanced exponential growth. PMID- 7005366 TI - A clearing technique for the study of root canal systems. PMID- 7005367 TI - Some musings on past and present endodontics. PMID- 7005368 TI - Prostaglandins: their possible role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periapical diseases, part 2. PMID- 7005369 TI - Sealing ability of chelate root filling cements: capillary physical concepts applied to leakages in root-filled teeth, part 2. PMID- 7005370 TI - Sealing ability of chelate root filling cements: the triple CA-test using compressed air, part 3. PMID- 7005371 TI - A historic review of endodontics, 1689-1963, part 1. PMID- 7005372 TI - A historic review of endodontics, 1689-1963, part 2. PMID- 7005373 TI - Fracture susceptibility of endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 7005374 TI - Effects of formocresol on posttreatment pain of endodontic origin in vital molars. PMID- 7005375 TI - A historic review of endodontics, 1689-1963, part 3. PMID- 7005376 TI - Microleakage of three root canal cements: one-year study. PMID- 7005377 TI - Leukocyte migration response to dental materials using Boyden chambers. PMID- 7005378 TI - Adaptation and porosity of poly-HEMA in a model system using two microorganisms. PMID- 7005379 TI - Effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 7005380 TI - The obturation of the entire root canal with a dowel crown. PMID- 7005381 TI - Sealing ability of a chelate root filling cements: device for measuring linear changes of setting chelate cements. PMID- 7005383 TI - Provisional coronal preparation to root canal therapy. PMID- 7005382 TI - Prostaglandins: their possible role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periapical diseases, part 1. PMID- 7005384 TI - A new clamp for end-to-side microvascular anastomosis. AB - A new clamp for use in microvascular end-to-side anastomosis is described. The advantages of the clamp are that the end of the donor vessel is placed precisely over the opening of the recipient vessel without tension, good exposure of the posterior wall is provided, and the tension on the stay sutures is easily adjusted. PMID- 7005385 TI - Use of a tilted double clamp in microvascular anastomosis. AB - A tilted or angulated double microvascular clamp is described that, when applied to the vessels to be anastomosed, presents the vessel ends angulated upward facing the surgeon, so that the initial suturing of the posterior wall can be completed without rotating the vessel. Such a clamp is valuable in clinical situations where space is limited and where conventional double clamps cannot be rotated in the usual fashion. PMID- 7005386 TI - Degradation of connective tissue matrices by macrophages. III. Morphological and biochemical studies on extracellular, pericellular, and intracellular events in matrix proteolysis by macrophages in culture. AB - We have shown that macrophages in culture degrade the glycoproteins and amorphous elastin of insoluble extracellular matrices. Ultrastructural observation of the macrophage-matrix interaction revealed that connective tissue macromolecules were solubilized from the matrix extracellularly. At least part of the matrix breakdown was localized to the immediate vicinity of the cells, as shown by morphological and biochemical studies, although the rate of degradation correlated closely with the secretion of proteinases by various inflammatory stimuli in vivo, by glucocorticoids, prostaglandin E2 or colchicine, or by phagocytosis of latex, zymosan, or cholesterol-albumin complexes in culture was reflected in altered rates of glycoprotein and elastin degradation by the macrophages. Alteration of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion by cytochalasin B, NH4Cl, and proteinase inhibitors did not decrease the overall rate of matrix solubilization, but reduced the processing of the matrix fragments to peptides. Therefore, extracellular, pericellular, and lysosomal events each contribute to degradation of extracellular matrix macromolecules by inflammatory macrophages. PMID- 7005387 TI - Estrogen use and postmenopausal women: a basis for informed decisions. NIH Consensus Development. AB - A panel of experts convened by the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, reached the following consensus regarding estrogen use and postmenopausal women. The use of estrogens alleviates vasomotor symptoms and atrophy of the vaginal epithelium and might aid in preventing osteoporosis. However, it increases the incidence of endometrial cancer. The addition of progestins might prevent this complication, but potential risks have not been adequately evaluated. Convincing evidence that postmenopausal estrogen use influences the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer does not currently exist. Many aspects of the menopause and its management require further research. Any candidate for postmenopausal estrogen use should be given as much information as possible about both benefits and risks and then, with her physician, reach an individualized decision regarding whether to receive estrogens. PMID- 7005388 TI - Malaria prophylaxis in travelers. AB - Each year increasing numbers of Americans travel to countries where the risk of acquiring malaria is considerable. Appropriate advice from family physicians about malaria prophylaxis is important to prevent malaria in American travelers. All travelers to malarious areas should receive chloroquine prophylaxis. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of malaria when fever develops in travelers returning from malarious areas. PMID- 7005389 TI - Relaxation therapy as an adjunct treatment for essential hypertension. AB - Essential hypertension is one of the leading problems seen by a family physician, and it is not easily treated. In some instances, a behavioral therapy may serve as a useful adjunct to the pharmacological treatment of this disease. Evidence indicates that relaxation therapy in combination with medical treatment results in significantly greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the use of medical treatment alone. Progressive muscle relaxation, Benson's "relaxation response," hypnosis, and blood pressure biofeedback are the four most common behavioral treatments for essential hypertension. The first two of these are both effective and well suited to use in a family practice. PMID- 7005390 TI - Association of patient and physician characteristics with follow-up of abnormal laboratory results. AB - Physician follow-up of patients with laboratory abnormalities in 12 commonly obtained blood tests was studied in the ambulatory setting. Nineteen white male physicians had 166 patients with 279 abnormal results. Overall, 38.6 percent of patients had abnormalities followed up. White male patients had a 56.6 percent follow-up, while other patients (black males, white and black females) had a 31.7 percent follow-up rate (P = .006). These higher rates for white males persisted when controlling for the effects of patient age, Medicaid status, type of medical problem for which laboratory tests were obtained, number of abnormalities per patient, degree of abnormality of the laboratory result, and physician year of residency. The scientific rationale for the higher follow-up rates for white males than for other patients was not elucidated by the present study. PMID- 7005392 TI - Bacteremia in a small non-urban community hospital. AB - Forty-six episodes of bacteremia were observed during a three-year period at a small, non-urban community hospital. The incidence of bacteremia was 4.3 episodes per 1,000 admissions; this rate is similar to the incidence of bacteremia in large, urban community hospitals but lower than the incidence of bacteremia in municipal or academic hospitals. Eleven percent of bacteremias were hospital acquired, an incidence of 0.5 hospital acquired bacteremias per 1,000 admissions. The low incidence of hospital acquired bacteremia was a reflection of the low incidence of nosocomial, aerobic, gram-negative bacteremia (0.1 per 1,000 admissions). Thirteen percent of bacteremic patients died. The mortality in patients with community acquired bacteremia (10%) was lower than that reported from larger, urban hospitals; the mortality in patients with hospital acquired bacteremia (40%) was similar to that reported from larger, urban hospitals. The lower rates of bacteremia and associated mortality that were observed appear to be due to the lesser severity of underlying diseases in these patients. PMID- 7005391 TI - Safety of drug therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. PMID- 7005393 TI - Peer medical utilization review: conformity or avoidance? PMID- 7005394 TI - Dissociation of pleasure in psychopathology. AB - This paper analyzes the development of the concept of dissociation from 19th century psychological theory through 20th century neurophysiological thought. Recent research is discussed, indicating that normal individuals show an "association" between emitted pleasurable behavior and self-perception of pleasurable activity, whereas depressives and schizophrenics show a lack of association, or "dissociation," between these measures. concomitantly, depressives show an abnormal degree of association between the experience and expression of negative affect. Such a discrepancy in systems of affect is considered as both an important pathological element in mental disorder and also as a valuable new research tool for studying etiology, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy in psychobiological illness. PMID- 7005395 TI - Jordi Folch-Pi. 1911-1979. PMID- 7005396 TI - Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in neural cell culture: potential role of insulin. AB - Age-dependent decreases in the levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity were observed in the optic lobes, cerebral hemispheres, and midbrain-diencephalon of 6 -17-day-old chick embryos. In dissociated cell cultures from chick embryonic brains a similar pattern of declining ornithine decarboxylase activity with time in culture was observed. Ornithine decarboxylase activity in the dissociated brain cell cultures was stimulated by changing the culture medium. The peak stimulatory effect was shown to occur 12 h after changing the medium. Although serum-free medium stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity slightly, the presence of serum in the medium was the primary stimulatory factor. Both fetal calf serum and heat-inactivated fetal calf serum produced dose-dependent stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Dialyzed fetal calf sera stimulated ornithine decarboxylase, but to a lower level than that produced by nondialyzed sera. Insulin (0.5--10 microgram/ml) stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in a dose-dependent manner in serum free medium. In addition, 10(-2) M-L-asparagine stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in serum-free medium. PMID- 7005397 TI - Effect of stimulation on the incorporation of 14C from glial and neuronal specific substrates into brain proteins in vivo and in vitro. AB - The incorporation of amino acids into brain proteins following brachial plexus stimulation (BPS) was studied in anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats following injection of radioactive precursors of both neuronal and glial compartments. Following intraperitoneal injection of [14C]glucose, which is the major neuronal pool precursor, BPS resulted in a significant increase of 37% (P < 0.001) in the incorporation of carbon from [14C]glucose into TCA-insoluble proteins in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex as compared with the ipsilateral area of the same animal. This increase was abolished totally when tetrodotoxin (10 micrograms ml-1) was applied topically to the surface of the stimulated area. Following intraperitoneal injection of [14C]acetate, which is considered to by mainly a glial cell precursor, the same afferent electrical stimuli caused a significant decrease of 21% in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins in the stimulated versus unstimulated sensorimotor cortex. With [4-(3)H]phenylalanine or [1-(14)C]leucine as precursors a significant decrease (12%) or no change was recorded, respectively. A similar decrease in protein synthesis in the stimulated sensorimotor cortex was achieved using different routes of injection. No significant changes were observed in the ratio of the specific radioactivities of the total amino acids of the two hemispheres using either precursor. In vitro, synaptosomes showed a large increase in incorporation into proteins after treatment with electrical pulses, both with [14C]glucose and with [U-14C]acetate as precursors. PMID- 7005398 TI - Metabolic disposition of glucose carbon by sensory ganglia of 15-day-old chicken embryos, with new dynamic models of carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Dorsal root ganglia from the lumbar region of chicken embryos 14--16 days old were incubated at 37 degrees in modified McCoy's culture medium containing [1 (14)C]glucose or [6-(14)C]glucose and sometimes 32Pi. A volume of 10 microliters of medium was used for four ganglia (dry weight approx. 90 micrograms). The output of 14CO2 was measured continuously. Incorporation of 14C into tissue constituents and into products released to the medium was measured after incubation for 3--17 h. Among nine radioactive components resolved in paper chromatograms of ganglion constituents, the most 14C was found in lipids and on materials remaining at the origin. Only the lipids and the origin materials were detectably labeled by 32Pi. Only relatively small amounts of 14C from [6 (14)]glucose were found in chromatographic regions that should contain intermediates of the pentose cycle. At least five labeled products were released to the bathing medium. Among these, the largest amount of 14C was found in lactic acid. A second component released, possibly alanine, also received considerable 14C. No 32P was detected in products in the medium. The rate of glucose uptake remained relatively constant as the concentration of glucose in the medium declined nearly 10-fold during prolonged experiments. Two new dynamic models of glucose metabolism successfully explained the time courses and magnitudes of previously reported 14CO2 outputs from [1-(14)C]glucose, [2-(14)C]-glucose, and [6-(14)C]glucose. These models are based on the assumption that glucose carbon was delayed on its way to CO2 in a pool of intermediates early in the metabolic chain and in a second pool either in or before the citric acid cycle. Both models assigned the pentose cycle to one cellular compartment, and incorporation into slowly-turning-over substances to another cellular compartment. According to both models, not more than one-half of the glyceraldehyde-P produced by the pentose cycle was converted to fructose-6-P, while at least half of this and other fructose-6-P from the pentose cycle was recycled into it. These conclusions differ from those from a previous model, which assumed that glucose carbon was delayed in a pool related to the pentose cycle; that model had suggested full recycling of both the glyceraldehyde-P and the fructose-6-P produced by the pentose cycle. In the citric acid cycle the efficiency of recycling was over 80%, according to all models. All models demonstrated the large differences that can occur in the metabolic handling of carbons 1, 2, and 6 of glucose. These differences need consideration in any description of the partitioning of glucose metabolism between alternative pathways. PMID- 7005399 TI - Localization of hexokinase in neural tissue: immunofluorescence studies on the developing cerebellum and retina of the rat. AB - Antiserum against purified rat brain hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) has been used in a study of the distribution of hexokinase during the postnatal development of rat cerebellum and retina. The cells of the external germinal layer of the cerebellum exhibit little or no fluorescence. The Purkinje cells exhibit a transient increase in hexokinase levels between 2 and 8 days postnatally, followed by a precipitous decrease (18- 12 days) to the relatively low levels found in the mature Purkinje cell. Development of the intensely fluorescent cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer is readily followed during the 3rd and 4th weeks postnatally. With respect to postnatal changes in hexokinase distribution of the retina, perhaps most notable is the observation that even the cytoplasmic protrusions which represent the precursors of the photoreceptor segments are richly endowed with hexokinase. Biochemical differentiation of the photoreceptor segments into hexokinase-rich inner segments and hexokinase-poor outer segments is readily observed long before the growth of the photoreceptor segments has been completed. PMID- 7005400 TI - Concentration and in vivo synthesis of cholecystokinin in subcortical regions of the rat brain. AB - The in vivo biosynthesis of cholecystokinin (CCK) in subcortical regions of the rat brain was studied by intracisternal pulse injections of [35S]methionine. The rats were killed 1.0 or 1.5 h after the injection. Subcortical CCK extracted in boiling water and acetic acid was immunoabsorbed by an antiserum specific for the COOH-terminal sequence of CCK. Gel chromatography of the absorbed CCK separated four molecular forms with elution constants (Kav) of 0.08, 0.50 (corresponding to the tritriacontapeptide amide, CCK-33), 1.10 (corresponding to the COOH-terminal octapeptide, CCK-8), and 1.40 (a component which may correspond to the COOH terminal tetrapeptide amide). Significant incorporation of [35S]methionine occurred in the largest (Kav approximately 0.08) and octapeptide-like form only. Chasing with methionine indicated a precursor relationship between the largest form and CCK-8. The results demonstrate a substantial synthesis of CCK also in subcortical regions of the brain. PMID- 7005401 TI - Localization of hexokinase in neural tissue: electron microscopic studies of rat cerebellar cortex. AB - The distribution of hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) in the rat cerebellar cortex has been studied at the electron microscopic level using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure. Extensive staining of cytoplasmic regions, with some increased staining at mitochondrial profiles, was seen in the cell bodies of both neurons (basket, stellate, Lugaro, Golgi, and granule cells) and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes showed little or no detectable staining. Purkinje cell perikarya were much less intensely stained than were the perikarya of other neurons. The initial portion of the Purkinje dendrite was, like the perikaryon from which it emerged, lightly stained. More intense staining was seen in the secondary and tertiary branches of the Purkinje dendrite, but the terminal branches were devoid of stain. Granule cell dendrites were well stained in their initial portions but devoid of stain in their terminal dendritic digits which form part of the cerebellar glomeruli. In contrast to the unstained granule cell dendritic digits, the central mossy fiber nerve terminal of the glomerulus exhibited intense staining of the mitochondrial profiles and of synaptic vesicles adjacent to the mitochondria. Axons of basket cells showed intense staining in the segments adjacent to the Purkinje cell soma, while terminal twigs of the basket axons in the pinceau surrounding the (unstained) initial segment of the Purkinje axon showed markedly decreased staining intensity. These results indicate that there may be substantial variation in hexokinase levels between the various regions of neuronal processes. Hexokinase was seen at both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial locations in a variety of cells. It does not appear likely that location of hexokinase can be directly correlated with cell type, i.e., with neurons versus glia. PMID- 7005402 TI - Surface proteins of cultured mouse cerebellar cells. AB - Surface proteins of cultured monolayer cells from embryonic and early postnatal C57BL/6J mouse cerebella were identified by a lactoperoxidase-catalysed 131iodine labelling technique. Major iodinated polypeptides have molecular weights of approximately 200, 145, 120, 100, 85, 65, 50, and 30 x 10(3) (P200, P145,...) as estimated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Membrane glycoproteins, of apparent molecular weights 200, 145, 100, 85, and 50 x 10(3), are detected by biosynthetic labelling with [3H]fucose. The two major iodinated proteins are the glycoproteins P200 and P145. P145 is released from the cells into the medium together with other surface proteins. No changes in the patterns of labelled cerebellar cell surface proteins are detectable between embryonic day 17 and postnatal day 10. A pattern similar to the one seen with cerebellum is obtained with embryonic day 12 and 17 cerebral cortex. Cultured retinal cells from 2-day-old mice, skin fibroblasts, and L-cells display a distinctly different pattern, which does not contain P145 as a major iodinated component. In granule cell-enriched fractions of cerebellar cells the two glycoproteins P200 and P145 are proportionately increased, while three proteins, P100, P85, and P50, are more abundant in the glial cell-enriched fraction. These three polypeptides are also enriched in cells obtained from staggerer mutant mice. An antiserum against 4-day old cerebellar cells (anti-NS-4) precipitates the 145 and 200 x 10(3) molecular weight proteins, from lysates of both embryonic cerebral and postnatal cerebellar cells. From lysates of mouse retinal cells, anti-NS-4 antiserum precipitates two proteins with molecular weights of 140 and 210 x 10(3). PMID- 7005403 TI - A radioassay for GM1 ganglioside concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A radioassay for the rapid determination of GM1 ganglioside concentration in small volumes of CSF from individual patients is described. The assay utilizes the high-affinity interaction between cholera enterotoxin and GM1 ganglioside. The lower detection limit of GM1 ganglioside by this radioassay under the described incubation conditions is 2.5 ng/ml. The radioassay-determined lumbar CSF GM1 ganglioside concentrations in a small group of patients with diverse neurologic disorders are presented. The radioassay GM1 ganglioside concentration is in good agreement with the GM1 ganglioside concentration determined, in one patient, by the tlc-densitometry technique. PMID- 7005404 TI - Early management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. AB - The overall results are presented of early medical management and delayed operation among 249 patients studied during the period 1974 to 1977, treated within 3 days of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and evaluated 90 days after aneurysm rupture. The results included 36.2% mortality, 17.9% survival with serious neurological sequelae, and 46% with a favorable outcome. Of the patients admitted in good neurological condition, 28.7% had died and only 55.7% had a favorable recovery at 90 days after SAH. These figures represent the results despite effective reduction in early rebleeding by antifibrinolytic therapy and successful surgery in those patients reaching operation. Further therapeutic advances are needed for patients hospitalized within a few days after SAH. PMID- 7005405 TI - Stereotaxic instrument CT adaptor. PMID- 7005406 TI - Early recollections of the Manhattan Project--day of criticality. Excerpts from an address to the Society of Nuclear Medicine, 20 June 1977, Chicago, Illinois. PMID- 7005407 TI - The Manhattan Project--a continuum of science. PMID- 7005408 TI - The effect of salivary contamination on fissure sealant--enamel bond strength. AB - The effect of accidental salivary contamination on the retention of fissure sealants is investigated via in vitro bond tests and scanning electron microscopy. The strength of the bond between sealant and saliva contaminated and washed enamel (168 +/- 14 kg cm-2) is not found to be significantly different from the bond strength to uncontaminated enamel (174 +/- kg cm-2). Unwashed contaminated enamel gives significantly reduced bond strength (68 +/- 11 kg cm 2). PMID- 7005409 TI - Jaw muscle fatigue and pains induced by experimental tooth clenching: a review. AB - Maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the elevator jaw muscles, with the mandible in the position of maximal intercuspation of the natural teeth, can induce fatigue and weak as well as severe pains in the jaw muscles of children and adults. A subjective sensation of muscle fatigue appears after about 0.5 min of clenching, and it seems as if the psychological parameter of fatigue onset to a large, but unknown, extent is determined by the physiological parameter of the amount of isometric contractile activity, and perhaps also the original strength of the muscle; however, also individual psychological factors seem to play a role. Pains in the elevator jaw muscles appear after about 1 min of clenching. Although isometric contractions are necessary to cause onset of jaw muscle pains, it is conceivable that perception of the moment of onset of pains to a large, but unknown, extent depends on psychological factors, perhaps the intensity of pains; however, also physiological factors may play a role. The severe muscle pains and gradually increasing subjective exhaustion of the elevator jaw muscles can be endured for about 2 min of maximal voluntary tooth clenching. It is suggested that the psychological parameter of muscle endurance to a large, but unknown, extent depends on the physiological parameter of isometric contractile activity but also individual psychological factors seem to play a role. PMID- 7005410 TI - Stresses in the anchor crowns of a metal-ceramic bridge in model experiments. AB - A four-unit principal model bridge was used. The stresses in the porcelain part of an anchor crown were analysed. When the middle of the span was loaded tensile stresses appeared in the outer surface of the porcelain and compressive ones in the interface. Greater stresses were found when the anchor crown was loaded itself. They were not critical, however, when the gold thickness was > 3 mm. PMID- 7005411 TI - Expansion meshed skin grafts in care of the donor site in skin grafting vestibuloplasty. AB - A method of caring for split-thickness skin graft donor sites using a physiologic dressing of meshed donor material, taken at the same time and location as the split thickness skin graft harvested for maxillary or mandibular vestibuloplasty, has been presented. This procedure is simple to accomplish and provides rewarding postoperative results, with rapid re-epithelialization of the donor site, early ambulation, absence of pain, and an excellent final cosmetic result. PMID- 7005412 TI - Correction of hemifacial microsomia. AB - Hemifacial microsomia is a combination of malformations of the first and second branchial arch derivatives. Reconstruction of three adult cases of hemifacial microsomia with varying degrees of deformity was presented. PMID- 7005413 TI - Stabilization of intraoral skin grafts to the cheek. PMID- 7005414 TI - Growth and development of the lung. PMID- 7005415 TI - Intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with persistent ductus arteriosus--a double-blind controlled study. AB - A double-blind controlled trial of intravenous indomethacin therapy was performed using a group of 55 premature infants (27 placebo, 28 indomethacin) with a significant persistent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin administration at a mean postnatal age of 8.9 days was followed by a significant effect on PDA in 89%; 75% of successes were attributable to indomethacin and 25% to spontaneous effects, an improvement by indomethacin of 86% in infants not undergoing spontaneous improvement. The short-term side effects of indomethacin were transient; urinary output and serum sodium concentration decreased and serum potassium concentration increased. Indomethacin administration was associated with a decreased need for assisted ventilation and a decreased need for surgical closure of PDA. There was no significant difference between the placebo and indomethacin groups in mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia morbidity. The infants who developed BPD had higher RDS scores and lower PO2 values, requiring higher FIO2s within four hours of birth than those who did not develop BPD, indicating a more severe underlying pulmonary disability present birth. PMID- 7005416 TI - Varicella in children with renal transplants. AB - Nineteen of 160 children developed varicella between eight days and 6.4 years following renal transplantation. Eight had severe varicella characterized by prolonged fever and new vesicle formation with rash involving mucous membranes. The severe group had an increased incidence of thrombocytopenia and markedly elevated liver enzyme values. Two patients of this group had bladder paralysis and another died. In three children post-transplant varicella represented a second attack of the disease. Children maintained on azathioprine therapy for three days or more after onset tended to have severe varicella. No graft loss occurred consequent to stopping azathioprine. Children with transplants at risk should have zoster immune plasma or globulin upon exposure, and azathioprine therapy should be stopped at onset of varicella. Corticosteroid therapy should be continued in order to avoid stress-induced Addisonian crisis. PMID- 7005417 TI - A review of antimicrobial agents in plaque diseases. PMID- 7005418 TI - Retention of stainless steel bands cemented with four dental cements. PMID- 7005419 TI - Functional jaw orthopedics: an understanding. PMID- 7005420 TI - A perspective of maternal position during labor. PMID- 7005421 TI - Cellular and molecular aspects of the action of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7005422 TI - Antimicrobial activity of N-chloramine compounds. AB - Cellular mechanisms of action of two representative N-chloramines were studied. Both compounds, 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (I) and N-chlorosuccinimide (III), inhibited bacterial growth and exerted profound inhibition of bacterial DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis at a concentration of 10(-5) M. Enzymes containing sulfhydryl groups generally were significantly inhibited by these chloramines at 10(-4) M. Dihydrofolate reductase, which contains no sulfhydryl groups, also was inhibited but at much higher chloramine concentrations (10(-2) M); ribonuclease, which also contains no sulfhydryl groups, was unaffected. All of these inhibitory effects of the chloramines could be prevented if sulfhydryl containing reagents (mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol) were added before or together with the chloramine. Once inhibition was produced by the chloramine, it was not reversible by later addition of the sulfhydryl reagents. These results suggest that these chloramines act at sulfhydryl sites as well as at other sites in both cells and purified enzymes. PMID- 7005423 TI - Mechanism of captopril-induced renal vasodilatation in anesthetized dogs after nonhypotensive hemorrhage. AB - The roles of renin-angiotensin system and renal prostaglandins (PGs) in mediating the renal vasodilator response of captopril were studied in anesthetized nonhypotensive hemorrhaged dogs. Captopril administered i.v. at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg consistently increased renal blood flow (RBF) and decreased renal vascular resistance. Renal venous PGE concentration and PGE secretion rate were not changed significantly by captopril. In eight dogs, saralasin was infused continuously i.a. to the kidney for the entire experiment. Hemorrhage increased RBF and decreased blood pressure significantly in these animals. Captopril did not further increase RBF in the saralasin-treated kidney and still decreased blood pressure significantly. In hemorrhaged dogs given indomethacin, captopril increased RBF and decreased blood pressure to a similar degree as obtained in the untreated hemorrhaged dogs. These results suggest that under the conditions of these experiments the renal vasodilator effect of captopril is due to the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system and is not associated with either renal PGE release or PG-induced vasodilatation. PMID- 7005424 TI - Regulation of calcium fluxes in rat pancreatic islets: the role of K+ conductance. AB - The effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA), a specific blocker of K+ conductance, on calcium fluxes and insulin release in isolated islets were investigated in order to explore the possible relevance of changes in K+ conductance to the mechanism by which glucose both decreases Ca fractional outflow rate from and stimulates Ca entry into the beta-cell. TEA reduced 86Rb efflux from prelabeled islets to the same extent as a non-insulinotropic glucose concentration. In the absence of glucose, TEA failed to affect 45Ca fractional outflow rate, 45Ca net uptake and insulin release from isolate islets. The drug lowered the threshold concentration of glucose required to stimulate these parameters and dramatically increased the cationic and secretory responses to intermediate glucose concentrations. The effect of TEA was less marked at a high glucose concentration. In the absence or presence of TEA, the effect of glucose to stimulate 45Ca efflux required the presence of extracellular calcium. It is concluded that TEA by inhibiting K+ conductance mimics to a limited extent the effect of glucose in causing the gating of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in isolated islets. The inhibitory effect of glucose upon Ca outflow rate, however, appears unrelated to changes in K+ conductance. PMID- 7005425 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 synthesis by rabbit pulmonary artery. AB - Superfused spiral strips of rabbit intrapulmonary artery (i.p.a.) were contracted by arachidonic acid (AA) and by the following substances in order of potency: prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide analog (U46619) > PGH2 > PGF2 alpha. Intrapulmonary artery strips were consistently relaxed by PGE2 and by the enzyme inhibitors, indomethacin, aspirin, meclofenamic acid and 1-pentylimidazole. These latter inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane (TX) synthetase also blocked the AA-induced contraction of rabbit i.p.a. Prostacyclin had no effect on the i.p.a. or produced either a small contraction or relaxation. TXA2, formed by incubating horse platelet microsomes with PHG2, always contracted the tissue and was more potent than the parent endoperoxide. Incubations of [14C]AA with i.p.a. produced mainly [14C]-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (he breakdonw product of prostacyclin ) and [14C]TXB2 (the breakdown product of TXA2); the identities of these products were confirmed by radioimmunoassay and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The synthesis of TXB2 by i.p.a. cannot be attributed to adhering lung tissue or platelets and appears to be produced by the vascular tissue itself. It is concluded that, although both prostacyclin and thromboxane may contribute to the resting tone of the rabbit i.p.a., the response to AA is mainly due to production of TXA2. PMID- 7005426 TI - Phenytoin, methylprednisolone sodium succinate and graft survival. AB - A laboratory study was undertaken to explore the possible interference of phenytoin with the immunosuppressive effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on skin graft survival in mice. Full thickness skin allografts were performed on five groups of 10 mice. Each group received various combinations of phenytoin and/or methylprednisolone sodium succinate or no treatment at all (control). In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from these mice with phytohemagglutinin was carried out to corroborate the immune status of the recipients. All mice demonstrated prolonged graft survival as compared to the control group regardless of what agents were used. Our results indicate that the concomitant administration of phenytoin and methylprednisolone sodium succinate does not accelerate skin homograft rejection in the murine model. PMID- 7005427 TI - Development of acute tolerance to the effects of naloxone on the hypothalamic pituitary-luteinizing hormone axis in the male rat. AB - Although the development of acute and chronic tolerance to opiate agonists, mixed agonists-antagonists and endogenous opioid peptides is well established, tolerance to naloxone, a "pure" opiate antagonist, has never been reported. In the present studies, the acute development of tolerance to the effects of naloxone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-luteinizing hormone (LH) axis was demonstrated in the male rat. Naloxone causes rapid, dose-dependent increases in serum LH levels in the male, apparently by blocking the actions of an endogenously occurring opioid peptide which normally inhibits the release of LH. We found that naloxone (2 mg/kg) pretreatment markedly reduced naloxone-induced increases in serum LH after a second identical injection if the interval between the first and second injections was 2 to 4 hr. Serum levels had returned to control levels long before (approximately 60 min) the second injection. Normal naloxone-induced increases in serum LH were obtained if the interval between the first and second injections was 6 hr or more. This diminished LH-response to a second naloxone injection satisfied the two pharmacological criteria for the establishment of tolerance: a parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve; and a reduced response to naloxone at the same brain concentration of the antagonist in "tolerant" vs. nontolerant rats. Furthermore, a number of factors, unrelated to tolerance per se, which could have contributed to the effects observed were ruled out. It appears, therefore, that the results presented may provide the first evidence for the development of acute tolerance to a pure opiate antagonist. PMID- 7005428 TI - 6-Keto-prostaglandin E1 is more potent than prostaglandin I2 as a renal vasodilator and renin secretagogue. AB - Several studies indicate that prostaglandin (PG) I2 is involved in the control of renin release. This investigation was performed to determine if the active possible metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-PGE1, is also a renin secretagogue. The relative potencies of PGI2, 6-keto-PGE1 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on renin secretion rate (RSR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were assessed in nonfiltering, beta adrenoreceptor blocked kidneys of seven anesthetized dogs. Intrarenal infusions of both PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1 significantly augmented RSR in a dose-related fashion. However, 6-keto-PGE1 was approximately 5 times more potent than PGI2, producing significantly greater increases in RSR at doses from 3 X 10(-9) to 3 X 10(-8 g/kg/min (P < .03). At low infusion rates (less than 3 X 10(-8) g/kg/min), 6-keto-PGE1 enhanced RBF to a greater extent than PGI2. However, with infusion rates of 3 X 10(-8) g/kg/min, these eicosanoides enhanced RBF to an equal extent. Thus, in comparison to PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 induced a greater increase in RSR for equivalent increases in RBF. 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha had no effect on either RSR or RBF at any of the doses infused. We conclude that, in the canine kidney, 6-keto PGE1 is more potent than PGI2 in stimulating the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin. PMID- 7005430 TI - [Titles of physiology theses for 1979]. PMID- 7005429 TI - The optics of the ophthalmoscope and related instruments. PMID- 7005431 TI - Morphologic and biochemical characterization of Crithidia brasiliensis sp. n. AB - A trypanosomatid with a choanomastigote stage and, therefore, belonging to the genus Crithidia, was isolated in culture from the alimentary tract of the hemipteran genus Zelus. The trypanosomatid was able to grow at 37 C, a characteristic reported to date from only 2 other members of Crithidia, C hutneri and C. luciliae thermophila. Subsequently, the flagellate was cloned for biochemical studies which involved cleaving of kDNA by restriction endonucleases and analyses of the isoenzyme and histone patterns. In all the attributes revealed by the foregoing methods, the organism from Zelus differed from the latter 2 congeneric species. On these and morphologic grounds, this organism appears to belong in a new species for which the name Crithidia brasiliensis sp. n. is proposed. PMID- 7005433 TI - The evolution and impact of medical entomology. PMID- 7005434 TI - Non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of high blood pressure. PMID- 7005435 TI - Blood pressure in the elderly. PMID- 7005436 TI - The once and future hypertensive. PMID- 7005438 TI - Localisation of immunoglobulin (IgG) within the rat metrial gland. AB - An immunohistological method was used to assess the IgG content of the rat metrial gland at different stages of pregnancy. The result apparently varied according to the type of fixative used. Saturated alcoholic mercuric chloride was found to produce the most consistent demonstration, with the IgG located in cells which also contained diastase-fast, PAS-positive granules. Using single cell suspensions prepared from metrial glands, significantly more cells were shown to contain cytoplasmic IgG at day 13, compared to day 14 of pregnancy. However, there were no other significant differences at other stages of pregnancy examined. Surface IgG was detected on a small proportion of the cells and the findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of a lymphocytic origin for the granulated metrial gland cells. PMID- 7005437 TI - Heteroimmunization with isolated human ova. AB - Rabbit antiserum raised against isolated human ova produced an intense immunofluorescence and a precipitate on the outer surface of human and porcine zonae pellucidae. The antiserum reacted with none of 22 human tissues nor with any of 4 body fluid components by immunofluorescence or immunodiffusion analysis, but the antiserum agglutinated AB erythrocytes after absorption with O erythrocytes. The anti-zona activity was achieved by higher titres for human than for porcine zonae. Immunofluorescence on porcine zonae was completely abolished by absorption with porcine ova, whereas a weak but definite fluorescence remained on human zonae. These findings indicate that the human zona pellucida consists of at least three distinct components; (1) a specific antigen(s) shared by human and porcine zonae, (2) an antigen(s) specific to human zonae, and (3) a non-specific antigen(s) associated with the blood group substances. PMID- 7005439 TI - Role of suprapubic catheterization in retention of urine. AB - One hundred and nine male patients took part in a randomized trial of elective suprapubic or urethral catheterization in retention of urine. The self-retaining trocar suprapubic catheter proved safe and reliable in trained hands and its use was associated with a low incidence of side effects. The suprapubic catheter when used to allow continuous flow resection appeared to lead to decreased blood loss and reduced resection time. No decrease in urinary infection rate over the period of hospital stay was noted in the suprapubic group. The suprapubic catheter was more comfortable than the urethral and also allowed a trial of voiding prior to removal. Use of the suprapubic catheter was not associated with an increased hospital stay. PMID- 7005440 TI - Aetiology of pre-eclampsia: a review. PMID- 7005441 TI - Towards the chemotherapeutic treatment of dental caries: a review. PMID- 7005443 TI - Oxfendazole: anthelmintic activity in sheep artificially infected with nematodes. Results of trials against nine species including benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus. AB - In a series of 11 trials, in which 281 lambs were artificially infected with 9 species of nematodes, larval anthelmintic tests were carried out to assess the activity of a dose of 5 mg/kg oxfendazole against all 3 parasitic stages of each species. An efficacy of over 99,4% was obtained against all stages of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Nematodirus spathiger, Gaigeria pachyscelis, Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum columbianum with the exception of the third larval stage of O. Columbianum for which an efficacy of 93,5% was recorded. Against Dictyocaulus filaria efficacies against the fifth stages and adults, fourth larval and third larval stages were 99,8%, 92,0% and 37,5% respectively, and in two additional tests against the combined third and fourth larval stages, efficacies of 86,4% and 85,3% were recorded. Efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus was poor. In 2 supplementary experiments oxfendazole exhibited a 92,2--94,8% efficacy against adults of the Boshof benzimidazole-resistant strain of H. contortus, the highest activity so far recorded against the strain of any benzimidazole tested. PMID- 7005442 TI - Obesity in a dog, with secondary hormonal imbalance. AB - Obesity in dogs is frequently encountered by veterinarians. The history, clinical and laboratory findings of an overweight dog are described. Overfeeding of an all meat diet resulted in obesity, and subclinical nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. The obesity caused fatigue, decreased cardiac performance, respiratory embarrassment, skin lesions, prediabetes and increased glucocorticoid level. A balanced diet fed in limited amounts, and exercise, resulted in a marked loss of weight and an improvement in the dog's health. The practical control of canine obesity is discussed. PMID- 7005444 TI - The anticoccidial efficacy of arprinocid in broiler chickens under floor pen conditions. AB - The efficacy of arprinocid was tested against artificial infections of mixtures of Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens under floor pen conditions in 3 experiments. Treatment with arprinocid at 60 ppm over a 56 d period significantly increased the live mass gain and feed efficiency of broiler chickens. This increase compared favourably with that obtained by treatment with lasalocid, robenidine and halofuginone. Birds treated with arprinocid had substantially reduced numbers of sporulated oocysts in their litter, and less severe lesion scores than non mediated birds. PMID- 7005445 TI - Antimalarials. 12. Preparation of carbon isosteres of selected 4 pyridinemethanols as suppressive antimalarials. AB - Four carbon isosteres related to the highly active 4-pyridylcarbinolamines were prepared and evaluated for suppressive antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Three of the four examples possessed significant activity but were approximately one dose level less active than the corresponding pyridines. PMID- 7005446 TI - Quantitative structure-selectivity relationships. Comparison of the inhibition of Escherichia coli and bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been formulated for the inhibition of purified E. coli dihydrofolate reductase by 23 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines: log 1/C = 1.14MR'3,4,5 + 5.73; r = 0.887; s = 0.285. In this expression, MR'3,4,5 refers to the sum of MR values for X in the 3, 4 and 5 positions of the phenyl moiety. MR' signifies that the effective value of MR is limited to 0.79. Comparison of the QSAR for E. coli enzyme inhibition with that previously obtained for bovine enzyme offers the first general explanation for the great selectivity of the important antibacterial agent trimethoprim. Such QSSR promise to be of value in devising more selective drugs. PMID- 7005447 TI - Prodrugs and site-specific drug delivery. PMID- 7005448 TI - Analogues of chloramphenicol: circular dichroism spectra, inhibition of ribosomal peptidyltransferase, and possible mechanism of action. AB - Circular dichroism spectra of series of chloramphenicol derivatives la-r were measured in water at pH 7. Compounds 1a-o exhibit two positive Cotton effects at 310--340 and 240--260 nm, respectively, and a weaker negative Cotton effect at 280--300 nm. In analogues 1c, 11, and 1m there is only a minimum between the two positive Cotton effects. Derivatives 1p--r possess a strong negative Cotton effect at ca. 280 nm. Compounds 1a--r were examined as inhibitors of the puromycin reaction with Escherichia coli 70S ribosome-poly(U)-N-AcPhe-tRNA complex. Analogues 11, 1n, lo, and lq are potent competitive inhibitors of puromycin comparable to or better than chloramphenicol (1b). Compounds 1k and 1m are less active, whereas 1d--g and 1j are only moderately effective. The rest of the analogues have marginal or no activity. The results are compared with previous biological data and discussed in terms of a retro-inverso relationship of chloramphenicol (1b) to the aminoacyl moiety of puromycin (aminoacyl-tRNA) and to a hypothetical transition state of peptide bond formation. PMID- 7005449 TI - Synthesis and immunological activity of 5,6,6a,8,9,11a hexahydronaphth[1',2':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and 5,6,6a,9,10,11a hexahydroanaphth[2',1':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles. AB - A series of 5,6,6a,8,9,11a-hexahydroanaphth[1',2':4,5]imidazo[2,q-b]thiazoles (17 and 20) and 5,6,6a,9,10,11a-hexahydronaphth[2',1':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles has been synthesized with cis- and/or trans-1,2-diamino-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalenes as the key intermediates and subsequently evaluated for immunological activity (effects on antibody formation and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction). Among the compounds tested trans-5,6,6a,8,9,11a hexahydronaphth[1',2':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (trans-17a) and (+/-)-5,6,6a beta,8,9,11a alpha-hexahydro-8 beta-hydroxy-9 beta-methyl-8 alpha phenylnaphth[1',2':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (20a) showed the largest immunological activity in mice with a magnitude comparable to that of levamisole and were found to be considerably less toxic than levamisole in acute toxicological study. The structures of 18a and 20a were determined by X-ray crystallography. PMID- 7005450 TI - Salt-water coupling in leaky epithelia. AB - The theory of quasi-isotonic transport by cellular osmosis (the standing-gradient theory) has been challenged on the grounds that the osmotic permeabilities of the mucosal and interspace membranes are too low; if they were as high as the theory requires then the osmotic permeability of the whole epithelium would be 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than observed. This objection has basically been accepted for it is now claimed that these enormous permeabilities do exist, but are masked by unstirred-layer effects; I show that this is incorrect because unstirred-layer corrections are small and that the situation has not changed since 1975. The view that the route of fluid transport is junctional is replacing the cellular theory, and trans-junctional water flows seem to account for major fractions of the flow in various epithelia. I argue on grounds of general theory that these are unlikely to be osmotic flows because the junctional pores cannot satisfy both the osmotic and diffusive properties required of them, but the basic osmotic theory is also rather vague here. Non-osmotic theories, if junctional flow is accepted, must be either electro-kinetic or peristaltic. PMID- 7005451 TI - Regulation of calcium fluxes in rat pancreatic islets: calcium extrusion by sodium-calcium countertransport. AB - The mechanisms by which glucose regulates calcium fluxes in pancreatic endocrine cells were investigated by monitoring the efflux of 45Ca from prelabeled and perifused rat pancreatic islets. In the absence of both extracellular calcium and glucose, partial or total removal of extracellular sodium decreases the efflux of 45Ca from prelabeled islets. Glucose also reduces the efflux of 45Ca from islets perifused in the absence of extracellular calcium. This inhibitory effect of glucose on 45Ca efflux is decreased by half when the extracellular concentration of sodium is lowered to 24 mM. In the absence of extracellular calcium but presence of glucose, partial or even total removal of extracellular sodium fails to decrease the efflux of 45Ca. At normal extracellular calcium concentration (1 mM) partial removal of extracellular sodium dramatically increases 45Ca efflux from pancreatic islets. This increase in 45Ca efflux is partially but not totally suppressed by either 16.7 mM glucose or cobalt. It is totally suppressed by 4.4 mM glucose or by the combination of 16.7 mM glucose and cobalt. At normal extracellular calcium concentration, glucose initially reduces and subsequently increases 45Ca efflux. The initial fall is unaffected by tetrodotoxin but decreased by 50% at low extracellular sodium concentration (24 mM). The present results suggest the existence in pancreatic endocrine cells of a glucose sensitive process of sodium-calcium counter-transport. By inhibiting such a process, glucose may decrease the efflux of calcium from islet cells. The effect of glucose is not mediated by an increase in intracellular sodium concentration. It could contribute to the intracellular accumulation of calcium which is thought to trigger insulin release. PMID- 7005453 TI - Functional morphology of the masticatory musculature of the rodent subfamily microtinae. AB - Voles and lemmings are the most successful group of graminivorous rodents, but the adaptations allowing them to enter this niche are not fully known. Dissections of the masticatory musculature of the 12 genera and subgenera of North American microtines show an increase in the potential anterior vector component and in the potential vertical vector component of these muscles relative to the molar tooth row. The result is a separation of the compressive and propulsive functions of the masticatory muscles during the power stroke of mastication. This has led to the formulation of a propalinal "swing" hypothesis which is supported by vector analyses of the musculature. PMID- 7005452 TI - An in vitro study of acid residue in dentin subsequent to etching for composite resin restorations. PMID- 7005454 TI - Isolation from porcine cardiac muscle of a Ca2+-activated protease that partially degrades myofibrils. PMID- 7005456 TI - The role of mucosal adhesion in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea. PMID- 7005455 TI - Clinical skin banking: II. Stimulating sources for organ donation. AB - Donor source stimulation for a regional skin bank is discussed, emphasizing the importance of coordination with other organ donor programs, centralization of a public information and donor identifying communication system, exploitation of regional legislative precedents which facilitate organ donation, and finally, identification of health professional and related groups with a common interest in matters associated with rational planning for the time of death. The specific problem associated with skin donation, namely, a sensitive description of the technical details of skin harvest, is also considered. PMID- 7005457 TI - Hemangiomas of the head and neck in children - a guide to management. AB - Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor of childhood occurring in the head and neck. The vast majority of these lesions are noted in the neonatal period and are a frequent cause for parental concern. Appropriate management requires familiarity with the varied types of lesions and syndromes, their natural histories, and their proven treatments. In general, treatment should remain conservative except when there is mechanical obstruction of the airway, hemorrhage, infection, tissue loss, or threatened cardiovascular decompensation. A review of the literature is presented with anatomic descriptions, classification, and discussion of treatment modalities. Special emphasis is placed on the diagnosis and treatment of the often life-threatening subglottic hemangioma. PMID- 7005458 TI - Diabetic renal transplantation. AB - Fifty-three juvenile onset diabetics have received 59 renal allografts: 31 from living related donors and 27 from cadaveric donors. The average patient age was 34 years and the duration of diabetes was 27 years at the time of transplantation. Patient survival rates for living related recipients at 1 and 2 years were 97 and 94 per cent, respectively. Patient survival rates for cadaveric recipients at 1 and 2 years were 85 and 66 per cent, respectively. Renal allograft survival rates for living related recipients were 81 per cent at 1 year and 71 per cent at 2 years. Cadaveric renal allograft survival rates were 22 per cent at 1 year and 20 per cent at 2 years. The role of pre-transplant coronary angiography relative to patient selection and a recent decrease in our perioperative mortality are discussed. PMID- 7005459 TI - Comparison of 4 and 10 days of doxycycline treatment for urinary tract infection. AB - A total of 105 ambulatory patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of cystitis was allocated randomly to a 4 or a 10-day course of doxycycline therapy. Of these patients 62 (59 per cent) had documented infections and 41 (66 per cent) were infected with doxycycline-sensitive organisms: 24 were randomized to a 4-day course and 17 to a 10-day course of antibiotic. The groups were similar with respect to age, history of urinary tract infection, bacteriology and site of infection. Of the 4-day treatment group 90 per cent were free of infection 42 days after completion of therapy, compared to 92 per cent in the 10-day treatment group. Thus, patients with symptoms of cystitis may be treated with a short course of an appropriate antibiotic, provided careful followup is made 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of therapy. The site of urinary infection of doxycycline resistant and sensitive organisms was determined by the antibody-coated bacteria techniques in 56 episodes: 13 (23 per cent) originated in kidneys, 34 (61 per cent) originated in bladder foci and the results in 9 (16 per cent) were indeterminate. Results of the antibody-coated bacteria technique did not predict therapeutic outcome. PMID- 7005460 TI - Adrenal hemorrhage in neonates: report of 5 cases and review of the literature. AB - The differential diagosis of masses in the suprarenal area in neonates is discussed in relation to clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings. Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage can be accurately diagnosed clinically. In the neonate neuroblastoma in situ is self-limiting and exploration to exclude it is unnecessary. Operative intervention should be reserved for controlling massive adrenal hemorrhage or if an abscess forms. PMID- 7005461 TI - Hypertension secondary to massive upper pole hydronephrosis. AB - Hypertension secondary to hydronephrosis is uncommon, and when a duplex system is involved it is rare. A patient presenting with hypertension and an abdominal mass on the left side was found to have a non-functioning, massively dilated upper pole of a duplex system causing hyperreninemic hypertension. Treatment consisted of an upper pole partial nephrectomy. This unique case is discussed and the literature regarding hypertension secondary to hydronephrosis is reviewed. PMID- 7005462 TI - Renovascular hypertension from segmental renal artery stenosis: importance of segmental renal vein renin sampling. AB - We report a case of severe hypertension in a girl with no evidence of parenchymal renal disease. Arteriography revealed segmental stenosis and a saccular aneurysm affecting a branch of the left renal artery. Segmental renal vein renin sampling demonstrated a markedly increased rate of renin secretion from the ischemic portion of the left kidney. Partial nephrectomy resulted in normalization of the blood pressure. The resected kidney showed striking hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and medial fibromuscular dysplasia as the etiology of the arterial stenosis. This case emphasizes the value of segmental renin vein sampling in the evaluation of pediatric hypertension and illustrates the high cure rate obtained by surgical correction. PMID- 7005464 TI - Late ureteral obstruction and hematuria from de novo angiosarcoma in a renal transplant patient. AB - A patient is described with a long-term functioning renal allograft who presented with ureteral obstruction and hematuria from an angiosarcoma. The diagnosis of ureteral obstruction was established preoperatively with computerized tomography guided anterograde pyelography. This represents the first documented case of an angiosarcoma occurring de novo in a renal allograft recipient. Continued awareness is needed of the increased risk of malignancy following transplantation. PMID- 7005463 TI - Renal cell carcinoma occurring in a polycystic kidney of a transplant recipient. AB - A patient suffering from polycystic kidney disease was returned to chronic maintenance hemodialysis because of chronic rejection of a kidney transplant. One of his native kidneys was excised because of persistent hematuria, enlargement and unusual angiographic findings. Renal cell carcinoma was found in the nephrectomy specimen. The occurrence of renal cell carcinoma in polycystic kidneys is reviewed and the implications for transplantation are discussed. We conclude that pretransplantation angiograms are indicated in transplant recipients with polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 7005465 TI - An unusual cause of cystolithiasis: a migrant intrauterine device. AB - A woman is described in whom an intrauterine device eroded through the bladder wall, causing calculus formation and chronic infection. PMID- 7005466 TI - Emily Perkins Bissell. PMID- 7005467 TI - Earle Christmas Grafton Page. PMID- 7005469 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7005468 TI - Bacterially produced human insulin given therapeutically. PMID- 7005470 TI - Cessation of smoking. PMID- 7005471 TI - A run for the record. Studies on a trans-American ultramarathoner. AB - We examined an ultramarathon runner who recently established world records for the 24-hour run and the trans-American run. Although not endowed with extraordinary physical or biochemical advantages, he has nevertheless been able to run ultralong distances without injury. PMID- 7005472 TI - In praise of 'letters'. PMID- 7005473 TI - Frans Hemerijckx. PMID- 7005474 TI - Comparison of antihypertensive effects of captopril and propranolol in essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effects of the oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and of propranolol were evaluated in a single-blind trial of 12 weeks in 19 ambulatory men with moderated essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure [DPB], 100 to 120 mm Hg after receiving placebo for two weeks) whose sodium intake was unrestricted. The captopril group included 12 patients and the propranolol group seven. After the initial dose-finding period of four weeks, supine DBP was significantly reduced in eight patients receiving captopril and in four of the patients receiving propranolol. In these patients DBP decreased throughout the following eight weeks. In the remaining patients from each group, DBP was not reduced by either drug given alone at maximum allowable dosages during dose-finding periods, nor by combined administration in following weeks. No adverse side effects attributable to captopril were noted, except in one patient in whom proteinuria developed after seven weeks. Captopril has potential value in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 7005475 TI - Rubens and the question of antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Analysis of the hands in paintings attributed to Peter Paul Rubens during the last 30 years of his life seems to show progressive rheumatoid arthritis. Not only does this suggest that rheumatoid arthritis was present at the time, 200 years before some modern authors are willing to date its appearance, but also that Rubens or a major and consistent collaborator suffered from the disease. PMID- 7005476 TI - Medical maladies as seen by the artist. PMID- 7005477 TI - A 'forgotten' clinic of Sir William Osler. PMID- 7005478 TI - From the NIH: Early-treatment diabetic retinopathy study. Patient recruitment under way. PMID- 7005479 TI - Aspirin and recurrent myocardial infarction. PMID- 7005480 TI - A pharmacologic and toxicological study of amygdalin. AB - Six patients with advanced cancer were treated with amygdalin (laetrile) at dosages similar to those employed by laetrile practitioners. Amygdalin given intravenously at 4.5 g/sq m/day was largely excreted unchanged in the urine and produced no clinical or laboratory evidence of toxic reaction. Amygdalin given orally at 0.5 g three times daily produced significant blood cyanide levels to 2.1 microgram/mL. No clinical or laboratory evidence of toxic reaction was seen in the six patients taking oral amygdalin at this dosage. One patient, however, challenged with a large intake of raw almonds, had transient symptoms of cyanide toxic reaction with escalating blood cyanide levels. This small study indicates that amygdalin in the doses employed produces few clinical side effects. A definite hazard of cyanide toxic reaction must be assumed, however, and possible long-term side effects remain unknown. PMID- 7005481 TI - Anaphylaxis after intravenous methylprednisolone administration. PMID- 7005482 TI - Body surface isopotential map. Past, present and future. PMID- 7005483 TI - Non-invasive estimation of the human pulmonary blood volume with gamma camera and RI-angiocardiography. AB - A new, non-invasive method for the estimation of the human pulmonary blood volume (PBV), existing between the pulmonary artery bifurcation (PAB) and the left atrium (LA), has been developed in this laboratory, in the form of PBV = PPTRCG x 0.77 x CO, equation (6), given in Appendix. This was an extension of the classical Stewart-Hamilton method of indicator dilution, applied to radioisotope angiocardiography. Using a gamma-camera, the radio-isotope (99m Tc-albumin) dilution curves were recorded externally at the region of PAB, LA and LV (left ventricle), among other things, in human subjects in supine position. The mean transit time (MTT) was determined for each region, and the difference in MTT, e.g., delta MTTPAB-LA, was measured. We calculated PBV between PAB and LA as PBV = delta MTT PAB-LA x CO, equaton (1) given in Appendix. Empirical time relations between delta MTTPAB-LA and PPTRCG were examined in mechanical models and human subjects, through several steps represented by equations (2) to (5), given in Appendix, and our tentatively final formula was equation (6). The values of PBV estimated in this way were in good agreement with those of PBV measured invasively in the past, using two injection sites (PA and LA) and one sampling site (artery). PMID- 7005485 TI - [The influence of PEEP on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005484 TI - [The effect of cervical epidural anesthesia on glucose metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005486 TI - [Current findings on the history of anesthesiology (11)--the Hannah Greener incident (1)]. PMID- 7005487 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCII]. PMID- 7005488 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXVI. PMID- 7005489 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCIII]. PMID- 7005490 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXVII. PMID- 7005491 TI - Literature. PMID- 7005492 TI - Factors contributing to the prognosis of falciparum malaria. AB - Factors contributing to the poor outcome of imported falciparum malaria in adult patients were investigated and following conclusions were drawn. 1) In the case of primarily non-immune patients, a catastrophic course of the disease was precipitated when the inception of treatment was delayed beyond 6 days after the onset of illness. Nine fatal and 3 moribund cases presently reported fell in this category. However, there were exceptional cases who made an uneventful recovery, despite the delay in starting treatment, apparently due to appropriate treatment taken immediately upon confirmation of the grave situation. 2) The group of fatal and moribund cases usually had higher parasite and lower thrombocyte counts that the groups of patients who ran a favorable course. Exceptional cases were also seen: a moribund or a fatal case with a rather low parasite count or a satisfactorily recovered case with a high initial parasite count. 3) Abnormal kidney function was seen in all the fatal and moribund cases while the incidence was low or nil in the patients who ran a favorable course. 4) The patients with a past history of malaria or in recrudescence usually ran a smooth course despite the delay in the inception of treatment which was initiated beyond the second week of illness. PMID- 7005493 TI - The high prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in indigenous tribes in northern Mindanao, Philippines. AB - Human filariasis was detected in an anthropological and medical survey among the indigenous Mamanwa people of the northernmost region of Mindanao, Philippines in specimens of thin blood smears and cultures of leucocytes from blood samples taken in the day time in September, 1978. Microfilaria positives were 23.2% (22/95) at Bo. Pangaylan, Santiago, 26.7% (28/105) at Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte, 19.3% (16/83) at Urbistondo, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao and none (0/50) at Abucay, Bataan, Luzon. Morphological characteristics of microfilaria were those of Wuchereria bancrofti. The periodicity of microfilaria observed in 3 Mamanwa people was nocturnally periodic with the peak hours at 12 o'clock midnight and the periodicity index at 124.4 following the method of Aikat & Das, or 92.35 following the method of Sasa & Tanaka. Microfilaria positives in the culture of leucocytes were as high as 41.2% (28/68). Since blood samples were taken in the day time and the filaria in these areas was nocturnally periodic, the prevalence of infection among these people is assumed to be much higher than the observed prevalence. PMID- 7005494 TI - [Tissue demonstration of CEA in colorectal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005495 TI - [The mechanisms of hyperglobulinemia in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005496 TI - [Tri-alanyl peptidase, a novel "biliary tract enzyme" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005497 TI - [Studies on hemodynamics and functions of the pancreas. 2. On the relationship between progression of fibrosis and hemodynamic changes of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005498 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2, I2 and F2 alpha on systemic and renal hemodynamics, renal function and renin secretion in anesthetized dogs. AB - Effects of intrarenal-arterial (i.r.a.) and intravenous (i.v.) infusions of PGE2, I2 and F2 alpha on systemic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), renal blood flow (RBF), urine volume (UV), renal function and plasma renin activity (PRA) of the renal venous blood (RVPRA) were investigated. A dose-dependent fall in BP was observed with PGE2 and I2 and was accompanied by a tachycardia (PGE2 < I2, i.r.a. < i.v.). PGE2 and I2 induced increases in RBF and UV in a roughly dose-dependent manner (PGE2 > I2, i.r.a. > i.v.), however, antidiuresis was observed with the highest intravenously given dose of PGI2 (300 ng/kg/min) such being ascribed to a pronounced hypotension. Changes in electrolyte excretion induced by PGE2 and I2 were similar to the pattern of those in RBF or UV. Neither PGE2 or I2 produced any significant changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The diuretic effect of PGE2 and F2 alpha correlated with osmolar clearance (Cosm) (r = 0.89, p < 0.01; r = 0.55, p < 0.01) and free water clearance (CH2O) (r = 0.52, p < 0.01; r = 0.83, p < 0.01), whereas that of PGI2, only with Cosm (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). PGF2 alpha produced the weakest changes in the parameters described above. PGE2 and I2 (30 ng/kg/min, i.r.a.), but not PGF2 alpha, produced a significant elevation of RVPRA without any significant change in BP. These findings suggest that PGE2 plays a primary role in the kidney, whereas PGI2 is important in the regulation of the systemic circulation, and that PGE2, I2 and F2 alpha all have different modes of action in producing diuresis. Both PGE2 and I2 may participate in the control of renin secretion. PMID- 7005499 TI - Determination of purity and identification of animal sources of insulin in various insulin preparations. AB - Prolonged administration of insulin leads to the formation of insulin-binding antibodies due to contaminant peptides and the animal source of the insulin. It follows that quantitation and identification of these factors are of significant importance in pharmaceutical insulin preparations. The assay and test procedures stipulated in the current pharmacopoeia of various countries, nevertheless, cannot determine either of these effects. In the present study, the content of impurities in insulin preparations was measured by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and the animal source of insulin identified by amino acid analysis. Assays of 17 commercial insulin preparations by these techniques revealed diversity in purity and animal sources of insulin. The present results suggest potential usefulness of these assay methods and advisability of their adoption not only by the manufacturers but also by the official pharmacopoeia as well. PMID- 7005500 TI - Macrophage-mediated, antibody-dependent destruction of tumor cells in DBA/2 mice: in vitro identification of an in situ mechanism. AB - A macrophage-mediated, antibody-dependent phagocytic mechanism of in situ tumor cell destruction was evident in the T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma model. The tumor associated effector macrophages (TuM theta) required immune serum at low effector to-target-cell ratios for rapid phagocytosis and destruction of cultured T1699 cells in vitro. Whereas TuM theta were inactive against such cultured T1699 cells, TuM theta rapidly engulfed and destroyed target cells isolated from the same tumor as the macrophages themselves. TuM theta containing intact and partially degraded tumor cells were both isolated from regressing tumors and identified in histologic sections. [3H]thymidine pulse-labeling studies of rergressing tumors in DBA/2 mice indicated that TuM theta phagocytosis of recently dividing tumor cells was common. This supports the concept that macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent tumor cell destruction, though not the only process involved in tumor regression, could be a potentially efficient and relevant mechanism for in vivo tumor cell destruction. Although the data do not formally prove that the phagocytosed tumor cells were undamaged prior to ingestion, the indication is that a particular class of macrophage was relevant in situ for tumor cell destruction either solely through phagocytosis or a combination of events. Inasmuch as TuM theta contained more than 10% of the tumor cells in regressing tumors, the importance of these macrophages to the process appeared relevant. These data also suggest that, inasmuch as phagocytosed intact tumor cells have a life-span of less than 2 hours, the infrequent description of this phenomenon in both experimental and clinical situations may be partly a result of difficulties in detection. PMID- 7005501 TI - Quantitation of tumor antigen expression on the surface of malignant line Ib lymphocytes by immuno-electron microscopy. AB - Malignant line Ib lymphocytes obtained from strain C58/J mice moribund with the syngeneic, transplantable leukemia were examined by transmission electron microscopy. A large, multilobulated nucleus containing a prominent nucleolus was typically viewed. In addition to normal organelles, cytoplasmic elements included frequent intracisternal A-type virions. The cell membrane possessed pseudopodia, and occasionally C-type viruses were noted budding from the plasma membrane. On the basis of complement-mediated antibody cytotoxicity assays with the use of either antiserum against mouse IgM, antiserum against mouse IgG, or antiserum against Thy 1.2 antigen, Ib cells were characterized as T-cells. Similarly, leukemia lymphocytes were lysed by a highly specific rabbit anti-Ib tumor associated surface antigen (TASA) in the presence of complement. The density and distribution of TASA on malignant lymphocytes were analyzed by immuno-electron microscopy with the use of a bridging technique in conjunction with antiserum against Ib TASA. The following observations were reported after the examination of more than 100 randomly selected Ib lymphocytes: a) The density of the TASA was low, b) the distribution of the TASA was random, and c) no evidence indicated cell cycle-dependent expression of the TASA. PMID- 7005502 TI - Alteration of macrophage function in AKR leukemia. AB - A virally induced T-cell leukemia-lymphoma developed spontaneously in 80% of inbred AKR mice between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Advanced cancer inhibited macrophage accumulation at inflammatory sites, with the degree of inhibition being directly related to the elevation in peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and inversely correlated with the weight of the tumorous lymph nodes and thymus. Sixty AKR mice were examined biweekly between the ages of 5 1/2 and 10 months; macrophage inflammatory responses were compared with peripheral WBC counts. Depressed macrophage responses were not observed before onset of leukemia but did occur coincidently with or within 2 weeks of each episode of leukemia. The conclusion was reached that an inhibition of macrophage function typically occurred with the onset of spontaneous leukemia and during the terminal phase of illness, but this inhibition did not precede leukemia, was probably not related to lymph node or thymus enlargement, and was not always present despite persistent tumor growth. PMID- 7005503 TI - Mutagenicity of extracts of pickled vegetables collected in Linhsien County, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer in Northern China. AB - Extracts of pickled vegetables commonly consumed in Linhsien County, a high incidence area for esophageal cancer in Northern China, were studied for mutagenicity. The liquid residue from ethereal extracts produced a dose-dependent increase of mutants in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains; mutagenicity required the presence of a fortified liver microsomal activation system induced by Aroclor 1254 in adult male BD VI inbred rats. An amount of extract equivalent to 2.8 g fresh pickled vegetables produced sixfold (75 revertants/g) and twofold (45 revertants/g) increases in revertant frequencies in strains TA98 and TA100, respectively. Roussin's red methyl ester, a tetranitroso compound, [(NO)2Fe(CH3S)]2, not previously reported to occur in nature, was isolated and identified from the ethereal extracts. The synthetic compound was mutagenic in strain TA100 in the presence of a liver activation system, producing 25 revertants/mumol. Findings on the presence of mutagenic compounds in pickled vegetables were discussed in relation to their possible etiologic role in cancer of the esophagus in Linhsien County. PMID- 7005504 TI - Indirect leukocyte migration inhibition reactions to a 3-M KCl extract of lung adenocarcinoma by lung cancer patients. AB - Mononuclear (MN) cells from the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients were tested for their ability to respond to a 3-M KCl extract of adenocarcinoma of lung with the use of an indirect leukocyte migration inhibition (LMl) assay. Antigen-stimulated MN cell cultures were evaluated for leukocyte inhibitory factor production by their ability to inhibit the migration of indicator polymorphonuclear cells from agarose droplets. When supernatants were prepared in conventional round-bottomed tubes (5X10(6) cell/tube), 25 of 44 (57%) lung cancer patients had positive indirect LMl responses to the 7661 antigen as compared to only 2 of the 30 (7%) normal donors. When supernatants were prepared in conical microtubes, with 10 times fewer MN cells, similar results were obtained. Patients with all histologic types of lung cancer had a similar incidence of reactivity, and reactivity of untreated patients did not appear to be related to stage of disease or degree of tumor burden. Surgical removal of the tumor appeared to decrease the incidence of reactivity in the 1- to 12-month postoperative period. These results strongly suggest that the LMl reactivity against lung tumor extracts is lymphokine mediated, inducing cellular responses by the patients against such antigens. PMID- 7005506 TI - Isolation of oval cells and transitional cells from the livers of rats fed the carcinogen DL-ethionine. AB - For the characterization of the metabolic and biologic properties of oval cells (i.e., cells emerging in the livers of rats treated with chemical carcinogens due to proliferation of bile ductular and/or duct cells) and transitional cells (i.e., cells having properties intermediate between those of oval cells and hepatocytes), these cells were isolated from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats fed DL-ethionine for 4-5 weeks. The livers were dissociated into single cells by perfusion in situ with collagenase, and total cell suspensions were allowed to stand at unit gravity for 10 minutes to separate parenchymal (hepatocytes) from nonparenchymal cells. Nonparenchymal cells were centrifuged in linear gradients of Metrizamide (8-24% wt/vol), and 2-ml fractions were collected from the gradients. The cells in the fractions were defined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and histochemical and immunofluorescence methods. A cell isolate was thus obtained consisting of Kupffer's cells (approximately 20%), bile ductular and/or duct cells and oval cells (approximately 30%), and transitional cells (approximately 50%). A twofold enrichment of bile ductular and/or duct cells and their derivatives was achieved over that found in the nonparenchymal cell fraction before isopyknic gradient centrifugation. PMID- 7005505 TI - Humoral antitumor immune responses in patients with breast cancer measured with the leukocyte adherence inhibition technique. AB - A modification of the hemacytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test was described. In this modification, 0.25% serum from patients with breast cancer was added with the relevant antigen to the assay system with the use of trypsinized leukocytes from control persons as indicator cells. The modified assay measured a humoral immune response. In studies of patients with untreated breast cancer (stages I and II) with the use of a KCl extract from a breast carcinoma or from MCF-7 cells as antigens, the modified LAI test was found to be at least as sensitive as was the ordinary test. In a blind study on sera collected from patients with breast cancer 0.5-2 years before the LAI measurements and stored at -20 degrees C, 15 of 18 (83%) patients had a positive response. Whereas the ordinary LAI test is limited to the use of fresh blood, the present test can be performed with small amounts of serum that can be frozen and stored. PMID- 7005507 TI - Trace metals in mammalian development. PMID- 7005508 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7005510 TI - [Possibilities of microsurgery on ophthalmic vessels (author's transl)]. AB - Ciliary arteries, isolated from the eyes of human cadavers, were incised or severed under the microscope in order to test the technical possibilities of placing sutures or creating leak-proof anastomoses in ophthalmic vessels. Commercially available, minute atraumatic needles and 10-0 "Ethilon" or 15-0 Supramid suture material was used. The experiments were successful. PMID- 7005509 TI - [Tadini. Inventor of the artificial lens (author's transl)]. AB - Tadini, an Italian by birth, was an itinerant ophthalmologist who lived in the second half of the 18th century. Advertisements in old newspapers testify to the fact that he performed eye operations in many towns in Europe, including Lubeck and Ghent. Tadini had a box containing artificial lenses made of glass, which he showed to Casanova. It is therefore probable that Tadini first conceived the idea of intraocular correction of aphakia. Presumably Casanova conveyed the idea to Casaamata, an ophthalmic surgeon in Dresden. At any rate, Casaamata was the first to actually attempt the correction of aphakia by implanting a lens. PMID- 7005512 TI - [Iris suture in cataract surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Cataract extraction can cause a diffuse traumatic dilatation of a narrow pupil in patients with long-standing application of miotics or after iridocyclitis. In order to avoid a total iridectomy a technique for performing an iridotomy with a single iris suture is described. We present the long-term observation of twenty cases: a pear-shaped pupil in a fairly centric position was obtained in all cases and an iris diaphragm was present. The nylon suture was tight in all cases and a bridge of cicatricial iris tissue present. PMID- 7005511 TI - [Microcirculation disturbances at the onset of diabetic retinopathy. New therapeutic procedures? (author's transl)]. AB - The generalized capillary dilatation demonstrable at the early stage of diabetic retinopathy can now, on the basis of recent results in biochemistry, be assessed as an attempt at autoregulation in relative hypoxia of tissue. In patients with diabetic retinopathy, an elevated HbA1c concentration in the blood can be observed. The DPG level, however, is reduced. Both facts cause reduced oxygen transmission from blood to tissue. Rheologic changes such as augmented aggregation of erythrocytes, decreased deformability of erythrocytes and increased viscosity of blood and plasma finally lead to disturbances of microcirculation in the terminal vascular system. From these latest findings concerning the development of microcirculation disorders in diabetic retinopathy possible consequences for new therapeutic procedures can be derived. PMID- 7005513 TI - [Theodor Axenfeld - thoughts on the 50th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7005514 TI - [The influence of metoprolol eye drops on intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The selective beta-1 blocker Metoprolol was tested for a period of one month in a double-blind trial involving 36 patients with open-angle glaucoma or intraocular hypertension in whom the substance was applied twice daily to the eye in concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8%. At all these concentrations the intraocular pressure showed a reduction of 23%. The concentrations over 1% were less well tolerated, the difference being statistically significant; the patients concerned complained of an unpleasant burning sensation for 30 seconds after the application. The subjective intolerance shown increased in proportion to the concentration. It is not clear whether the solvent used contributed to the intolerance. The Metoprolol drops had no effect on pupillary diameter, blood pressure or resting pulse. An important finding was that during the one month's treatment there was no fall-off in the effectiveness of the preparation, i.e., the reduction in intraocular pressure and duration of action showed no diminution such as is seen, for example, with Timolol. PMID- 7005515 TI - [Incidence of immune reactions following penetrating keratoplasty (report on 100 consecutive interventions) (author's transl)]. AB - The outcome of 100 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties was investigated. At present, inadequate surgical technique does not appear to be the major cause of graft failure; instead, immunologic reactions are largely responsible for graft failure. Taking corneal disease and the degree of vascularization as criteria, the prognosis was judged to be favourable in 38 of the 100 keratoplasties, less favorable in 56, and poor in six. In the first group, graft failure occurred only five times (about 13%), whereas in the second group graft reactions of variable degrees were found in about 64%. As expected, the group with a poor prognosis showed the poorest results. Postoperative follow-up over a long period of time and adequate local steroid therapy are necessary. PMID- 7005516 TI - [Clinical appearance of corneal lattice-type dystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - Autosomal dominant hereditary lattice-type corneal dystrophy is a purely corneal hereditary metabolic disturbance, i.e. a localized amyloidosis. The author describes the findings in a family presenting with this disease. The condition progresses slowly; three stages may be distinguished, namely stage A, characterized by paracentrally arranged reticular lattice lines; stage B, characterized by paracentral lattice lines and patchy central subepithelial opacifications, and stage C, distinguished by paracentral lattice lines and diffuse white central subepithelial opacifications. Frequently, lattice-type corneal dystrophy is accompanied by symptoms of a pseudo-inflammation, e.g., photophobia, epiphora, "red eye" and pain due to recurrent corneal erosions. With regard to penetrating keratoplasty, changes of the donor cornea after a certain period of latency may be observed lattice-type corneal dystrophy as a result of which three types of opacifications may occur: 1) peripheral lattice lines and spots in the stroma; 2) diffuse whitish subepithelial opacifications, and 3) recurrent straited eruptions of the corneal epithelium. PMID- 7005517 TI - [Report on the application of chibro-timoptol after one year's use in ophthalmological practice (author's transl)]. AB - A summary is given of the common methods of treating glaucoma medically, beginning with the introduction of pilocarpine over 100 years ago and ending, for the time being, with the application of the beta-blocker Timolol Maleat (Chibro Timoptol). The authors have been using Chibro-Timoptol for over a year and have treated more than 300 patients by this method so far. Timolol proved to have significant advantages over all other pressure-lowering drugs used in the past. It was just as effective or more effective than the substances used previously. For a newly diagnosed glaucoma, the authors therefore recommend using Timolol in all initial attempts at pressure regulation. PMID- 7005518 TI - [The diagnosis of hypoglycemia in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - It is presented a flow diagram for the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in childhood. The basis for this diagnostic approach is the characteristic time of onset on one hand and a typical pattern to react during loading tests with glucose, tolbutamide, leucine, glucagon, alanine and 2-deroxy-D-deroxy-D-Glucose. PMID- 7005519 TI - The Szasz-ratio (CK/GOT) as example for the diagnostic significance of enzyme ratios in serum. AB - The diagnostic significance of enzyme and isoenzyme ratios in serum relies on their different distribution at various levels: from organs to subcellular structures. Factors which modify the ratios are the molecular properties of enzymes and isoenzymes and their turnover in the cells and in the extracellular space. These pathophysiological principles are considered with respect to the Szasz ratio CK/GOT and its application for the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7005520 TI - Inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphokine production by cyclosporin A. AB - The new antilymphocytic agent Cyclosporin A was found to inhibit the production and/or secretion of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human lymphocytes stimulated by Concanavalin A. Preincubation for one hour with the compound, followed by 8 hr restoration period of the cells in absence of the drug, resulted in moderate decrease in MIF synthesis and/or release. Cell viability was not affected. The agent was shown not to interfere with MIF action on the macrophage. We conclude that the molecular mechanism of action of Cyclosporin A is based, at least partially, on a blockade of synthesis and/or secretion of lymphokines from immunocompetent cells. PMID- 7005521 TI - [Clinical trial in couples of effectiveness and side-effects of gold and D penicillamine in long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective clinical trial in couples was done to compare effectiveness and toxicity of gold and D-penicillamine (D-Pen.) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (r.A.). Respecting defined criteria 70 patients were put to couples according to a random list and were treated with gold or D-Pen. alternatively. Physical and laboratory indices of inflammatory activity were checked every 3 months, X-rays every 12 months. Dropouts (side effects, missing compliance, uneffectiveness) were replaced by the nextcoming fitting patient. Thirty-two of 147 totally recruited patients stopped treatment because of side effects, three because of unsatisfying efficiency. Forty-two patients shuned the necessary controls. The clinical course was better in 16 couples with gold, only in sex couples with D-Pen. Thirteen pairs showed no difference in this respect (p = 0.05). Looking to the laboratory parameters separately D-Pen. tends to be superior (p < 0.05), radiografic deterioration seems to be more seldom with gold (< 0.05). Side effects occur with both drugs in comparable frequency (15/44 with D-Pen., 17/52 with gold), but the complications with D-Pen. are more serious. Altogether this trial shows gold superior to D-Pen. in the long-term treatment of r.A. PMID- 7005522 TI - Role of the kidney in hormone metabolism and its implications in clinical medicine. AB - Uremia is accompanied by a variety of metabolic and endocrine disorders, due in part to impaired degradation of hormonally active peptides by the diseased kidney, and in part to the fact that the uremic environment interferes with the extrarenal degradation of certain hormones, or with their synthesis or secretion. It is not always possible to establish a direct cause and effect relationship between alterations in immunoassayable hormone levels and endocrine abnormalities because in uremia the circulating hormonal immunoreactivity frequently includes crossreacting components without biological activity and, in addition, hormonal effects on target organs are often altered. Alterations in the metabolism of pancreatic alpha and beta cell hormones and of prolactin in chronic renal failure and their effect on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates and on reproductive function in this condition are discussed. PMID- 7005523 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis: current status of its morphology and pathogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - The diabetic glomerulosclerosis as a consequence of the abnormal metabolic state is characterized by an uniform thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and an augmentation of the mesangial matrix. Both alterations begin already few years after the onset of the diabetes and are observed in all glomeruli to the same extent (=diffuse type). Later on, nodular deposits of glycoproteins are additionally found in the mesangium (=nodular type). Only these nodules are morphologically specific for the diabetic disorder. In association with both the diffuse and the nodular glomerulosclerosis, insudation of plasma can be seen in the afferent and efferent vessels and the glomerular capillary loops. The mechanism of the increase in the amount of GBM-material is not known, since contradictory data have been reported with regards to both the chemical composition and metabolism of the GBM in human and experimental diabetes. Some postulate that the abnormal deposition of GBM-mateiral is due to an excessive synthesis (anabolic disorder), others argue that a further decrease in the normally slow breakdown and disposal (catabolic disorder) might be responsible. This review presents the different pathogenetic concepts of the glomerulosclerosis and attemps to explain the possible causes for the current discrepancies. PMID- 7005524 TI - Hypercoagulability in the Nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7005525 TI - [Autonomic circulatory regulation in uremia (author's transl)]. AB - Uremic autonomic neuropathy leads to impaired function of the baroreflex. The main defect, according to literature, is located in the afferent limb of the reflex arc and in the efferent cardiac vagus nerve, whereas the sympathetic part of the efferent arc is still intact. Own results, obtained in hemodialysis patients during orthostasis and volume removal induced sympathetic stimulation, showed qualitatively and quantitatively adequate sympathetic response and also an adequate end organ receptor response. Autonomic nervous neuropathy predisposes to volume removal related symptomatic hypotension during hemodialysis treatment. In addition hemodialysis treatment per se induces a so far unexplained interference with sympathetic response to volume removal. The autonomic neuropathy also predisposes to development of hypertension in response to volume load. PMID- 7005526 TI - [Reno-cardiac interactions in kidney failure (author's transl)]. AB - The high incidence of cardiac complications in endstage renal failure is not only related to the chronic pressure load of the left ventricle, although the proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure increases from 53 to 81% as reno-parenchymal disease progresses. Other factors as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, autonomic neuropathy and retention of electrolytes, metabolic products of toxins may cause damage to the heart. It is a matter of discussion whether uremia itself causes cardiomyopathy. Findings of a reduced Ca++-uptake during beta-adrenergic stimulation and a reduced reaction of (Na+, K+)-ATPase to digitalis suggest a basic change of myocardial membrane metabolism. Retention of an "endogenous digitalis" could help to explain some contradictory results. PMID- 7005527 TI - Renal factors in juvenile hypertension. AB - Essential hypertension in infancy, one believed to occur rarely if ever, is now increasingly recognized as a potential precursor of essential hypertension in adulthood. The mechanisms responsible for hypertension in childhood and adolescence are only beginning to be delineated. Renal factors assumed to be operative in juvenile hypertension are involving either volume control (by renal regulation of sodium-chloride and water balance) or vasoactive substances like the kallikrein-kinin, the renin-angiotensin and the prostaglandin system and other less well defined hormones. There is a close interrelationship of all these hormones with each other as well as a close linking of these vasoactive compounds to the renal regulation of sodium-chloride and water balance, thus interfering with a major environmental factor necessary for the development of essential hypertension. At present, data are insufficient to delineate a single hormone or a single hemodynamic abnormality as the only primary factor in juvenile hypertension. Further research into the pathomechanisms responsible for the elevation of blood pressure at its very beginning will improve our understanding of hypertension and possibly benefit its management by early intervention. PMID- 7005528 TI - The glomerulus, passive filter or regulatory organ? AB - This review summarizes recent evidence that glomerular filtration rate is highly regulated and not merely the passive consequence of uncontrolled renal and non renal factors. Changes in the rate of nephron plasma flow and, under certain circumstances, the glomerular permeability coefficient are the major determining factors which influence the rate of glomerular ultrafiltration. Recent studies suggest that a variety a hormonal substances, when infused, share the capacity to affect glomerular filtration rate by influencing nephron plasma flow and specifically by decreasing the glomerular permeability coefficient. Angiotensin II appears to be the important "final common pathway" mediating many of these hormonal effects on the glomerular permeability coefficient. Of the hormonal substances examined, only ADH appears to exert an independent effect. Also, in certain normal and altered physiologic states, it has been demonstrated that certain hormonal substances, notably angiotensin II, participate in the active regulation of the rate of glomerular filtration through the capacity to influence and regulate the rate of nephron plasma flow and effect reduction in the glomerular permeability coefficient. PMID- 7005530 TI - Physiology of epithelial transport in the human eye. PMID- 7005529 TI - Tissue culture in nephrology: potential and limits for the study of renal disease. AB - Kidney cells, when isolated and cultivated in vitro, retain differentiated renal properties. Glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells from animal and human kidneys express their normal ultrastructure and the ability for basement membrane biosynthesis. Mesangial cells in culture have been utilized particularly for the study of hormonal tissue receptors, of prostaglandin production, and of their contractile response to various hormonal stimuli. Cells of tubule origin have been a valuable tool for the study of transport mechanism which, as a consequence of the heterogeneity of nephron functions, can not be assessed in vivo. Ion transport and its structural basis, as well as transport regulation by hormones has been studied in established epithelial cell lines. Induction of ion transport and enzyme activities, and the control of cell proliferation and differentiation has also been succesfully evaluated in cultured epithelia derived from the kidney. Future work will attempt to prepare cell lines from defined nephron segments to study chemical and physical phenomena of renal disease. PMID- 7005533 TI - [Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov]. PMID- 7005534 TI - [The significance of the work of Prof. V.N. Smotrov in the field of clinical gastroenterology and vitamin use (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 7005532 TI - [Glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) without autonomic neuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Insulin-induced hypoglycemias are a sign of non-sufficient counterregulation, in which different contra-insulinary hormones participate. The aim of the study was to investigate, whether there exists a difference between IDD and non-diabetics regarding secretion of glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone during an insulin induced hypoglycemia and further on pointing out, expecially, the importance of glucagon. Insulin-induced hypoglycemias are counterregulated in non-diabetics, not in IDD. The missing glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in IDD seems to be independent from an autonomic neuropathy. Only after high doses of exogenous glucagon can one see a counterregulating increase of glucose. The STH secretion is similar in non-diabetics and IDD during an insulin-induced hypoglycemia and has evidently only a secondary effect in hypoglycemic counterregulation. The STH secretion may be the expression of a diencephal triggered stress situation. The cortisol secretion is the same in both groups. The gluconeogenetic effect of cortisol is not sufficient to accomplish a fast compensation of hypoglycemia. This does not exclude long-term effects. When inhibiting the secretion of insulin and different contra-insulinary hormones with somatostatin, one is able to demonstrate that glucagon alone is a sufficiently counterregulatory hormone in insulin-induced hypoglycemias. PMID- 7005535 TI - [Problem of functional diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 7005536 TI - [Protective barrier of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7005538 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition tests in diagnosing rejection crises in kidney allograft patients]. PMID- 7005537 TI - [Asymmetry of adrenal cortical function in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7005539 TI - Macrophage culture from untreated leprosy cases. AB - Macrophage cultures from the peripheral blood were performed in 25 untreated bacteraemic leprosy patients. The monocytes on conversion to macrophages in culture continued to harbour solidly stained M. Leprae till the termination of culture. It is suggested that the majority of these bacilli are viable and capable of multiplication intracellularly in macrophages if cultures could be maintained for sufficiently long periods. It was observed that bacteraemia in Leprosy can be detected by the culture technic. It has been found to be more sensitive than the leukocyte adherence method. PMID- 7005531 TI - Renal handling of calcium and phosphate. PMID- 7005540 TI - Fluorimetric screening of dapsone in urine for drug trials. AB - The DDS/Crestinine ratios obtained by the colorimetric and fluorimetric methods for dapsone were compared in healthy controls, out-patients not claiming to have DDS treatment and inpatients receiving DDS. The ratios by fluorimetric method were considerably lower in the untreated cases compared to the colorimetric method. Fluorimetric assay for dapsone in urine can be more advantageously and reliably used for the preliminary screening of dapsone in urine for drug trials. PMID- 7005541 TI - Life cycle of Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7005542 TI - Secondary sulphone resistance in leprosy (Report of a case). AB - A case of secondary sulphone resistant lepromatous leprosy proved by mouse foot pad tests is reported from Pondicherry, India. PMID- 7005543 TI - Computers and health education. PMID- 7005544 TI - The immune response to prostate cancer: an evaluation and a review. AB - The effects of stage and therapy of prostate cancer on the immune response were evaluated in 193 patients with an histologic diagnosis of prostatic malignancy. There was little or no effect, as measured by these generally non-specific tests, on the immune response. The host-tumor immune interaction is difficult to evaluate in prostate cancer. The complexities of measuring prostate tumor immunity are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7005546 TI - Oral hypoglycaemic plants in West Africa. AB - West African hypoglycaemic plants are grouped according to their main active components. Also considered are those with constituents identical or closely related to recognised hypoglycaemic components from related species growing elsewhere in the world. The action of the African constituents is still to be confirmed pharmacologically. Where important hypoglycaemic action was found in introduced plants currently cultivated in the area (e.g. foodcrops) these have also been included. PMID- 7005545 TI - Species differences in the kinetics of the renin-substrate reaction in plasma. AB - In view of the substrate-dependence of renin, it was of interest to examine the kinetics of the renin-angiotensinogen reaction in plasma of various species to establish differences in stoichiometry. The results also provide an indication of assay conditions appropriate for accurate measurement of the reaction velocity. Plasma from hogs, dogs, and rats served as the source of renin for incubation with homologous angiotensinogen. The rate of production of radioimmunoassayable angiotensin I increased with increasing concentrations of angiotensinogen. This substrate-dependence of renin conformed to conventional Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The concentration of angiotensinogen was less than that required for half maximum velocity in dog and rat plasma. In contrast, endogenous substrate in hog plasma was sufficient to sustain near maximal rates of generation of angiotensin I. Purification of angiotensinogen altered the catalytic properties of angiotensinogen making it a poor representative substrate for renin. Hog and rat renin were saturable with high concentrations of unextracted plasma angiotensinogen. In contrast, it was not possible to saturate the dog enzyme with unextracted substrate. The interspecies differences in stoichiometry of the reaction indicate that standardization of assay conditions for various species of renin is not justified. PMID- 7005547 TI - Control of patent ductus arteriosus during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7005548 TI - Members of The Samson Thoracic Surgical Society, 1980-1981. PMID- 7005549 TI - Selective use of ventilator therapy in flail chest injury. AB - We have prospectively treated 36 patients with flail chest using a treatment protocol for limited use of mechanical ventilation. Age of the patients ranged from 6 months to 83 years. Patients were divided into three groups dependent upon their clinical presentation and need for respiratory support: Group I patients had severe pulmonary dysfunction-tachypnea, dyspnea, arterial PO2 less than or equal to 60 torr, arterial PCO2 greater than or equal to 50 torr or shunt fraction greater than or equal to 25%. Group II patients had no pulmonary dysfunction but did require temporary respirator support for an associated injury. Group III patients had no pulmonary dysfunction. Thirteen patients were assigned to Group I. They required respiratory support for an average of 10.5 days; 11 of the 13 had complications, and there were two deaths in this group resulting from a combination of respiratory failure and myocardial infarction. Seven patients were assigned to Group II. six patients were extubated immediately postoperatively; one patient with a head injury was hyperventilated for 48 hours to reduce intracranial pressure and then extubated. Sixteen patients were assigned to Group III. Fifteen required no ventilatory support. One 83-year-old man developed pneumonia and was mechanically ventilated for 31 days. Early effective pain control and chest physiotherapy were critical to success and were used in all patients. Increase in respiratory rate, fall in tidal volume or vital capacity, and increased pain were used as criteria for administration of analgesia. Nonventilatory therapy of flail chest reduces morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost. PMID- 7005550 TI - Preservation of platelet function and number by prostacyclin during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Thirty-four dogs underwent total cardiopulmonary bypass for 1 or 2 hours with a bubble oxygenator and cardiotomy suction. The dogs were divided into three groups: control dogs which received heparin alone, dogs which received prostacyclin (PGI2) and heparin, and dogs which received prostacyclin alone. PGI2 was given as a bolus (6 to 60 microgram) and then as a constant infusion (0.2 to 0.8 microgram/kg/min) in the venous outflow line. The pump flows were equal in the three groups. PGI2 as a bolus led to transient hypotension, and 60 microgram reduced cardiac output temporarily. During cardiopulmonary bypass, dogs treated with prostacyclin and heparin had low mean arterial perfusion pressures which responded to fluid infusion or phenylephrine. After 1 hour of cardiopulmonary bypass and reversal with protamine, dogs treated with prostacyclin and heparin had shorter bleeding times (p < 0.02) and better platelet function than control animals. After 2 hours, they had normal platelet number, but only half showed preservation of platelet function. When heparin was omitted, PGI2 preserved platelet number, but consumption coagulopathy developed, with prolonged prothrombin, partial thromboplastin, and bleeding times and decreased fibrinogen levels. PGI 2 preserves platelet number and function but may cause hypotension, and it cannot replace heparin in cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7005551 TI - "1211's" new president: Vincent J. Fiocco, Jr., MD--an exclusive profile/interview. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7005552 TI - Medicaid fraud investigations: an open letter from Attorney General Stephen H. Sachs. PMID- 7005553 TI - The state of medical knowlege in Maryland, 1870s. PMID- 7005554 TI - Fabula Menckeniana. PMID- 7005555 TI - Edgar Berman, MD: the man doctors love to hate--profile/interveiw. PMID- 7005556 TI - 166 years ago this month ... William Beanes: the doctor behind "The Star-Spangled Banner". PMID- 7005557 TI - Obstetric factors affecting risk of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7005558 TI - [Insulin adjustment in outpatient care]. PMID- 7005559 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin and control of diabetes]. PMID- 7005560 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children; a review]. PMID- 7005561 TI - [Clinical trial of metrizamide in femoral arteriography]. PMID- 7005562 TI - [The effect of transcendental meditation on the degree of neuroticism]. PMID- 7005563 TI - [Stapling machines - a review]. PMID- 7005564 TI - [The Nobel Prize in medicine to 3 for findings on same chromosome]. PMID- 7005565 TI - [Hybrid DNA pioneers receive the Nobel prize in chemistry. DNA structure and gene function]. PMID- 7005566 TI - [Indication and operative technique in chronic occlusions of the innominate artery and proximal subclavian artery (author's transl)]. AB - Surgery is indicated in clinical stage II and cases of subclavian steal syndrome. Endarterectomy by mid-sternotomy is the operation of choice for obliteration of the innominate artery. The lethality rate is 6%. Occlusion of the left proximal subclavian artery can be treated by transthoracic endarterectomy or extrathoracic bypass procedure. The bypass procedure is preferred because of low operative lethality rate (0.8% versus 7% in transthoracic procedure). Occlusions of the right proximal subclavian artery are treated by supraclavicular endarterectomy. PMID- 7005568 TI - [Incision- and suture-techniques in plastic surgery of the face (author's transl)]. AB - In plastic and reconstructive surgery of the face it is very important to consider the RSTL (1, 3) for getting satisfactory scar postoperatively. Sometimes it is necessary to regard the so-called esthetic units of the face (2) especially in free grafting. Unsatisfactory scars will be improved by using the Z- and W plasty techniques. The incision should always be perpendicular to the surface of the skin, assuming that the skin has been made tense by the left hand of the surgeon or by the hand of the assistant. The subcutaneous dissection and mobilization is performed with a scalpel with the blade held flat, parallel to the surface of te skin using a hook rather than a tissue forceps. The haemostasis should be as perfect as possible. The infiltration of a local analgesic solution with epinephrin greatly facilitates the haemostasis, careful coagulation by fine bipolar tissue forceps is possible. The principal types of transcutaneous, subcutaneous and intradermal interrupted and continuous sutures are described. PMID- 7005567 TI - [Long-term follow-up study of C-cell-function after partial duodenopancreatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Late results were obtained from the follow up of 48 patients with chronic pancreatitis, who underwent partial duodenopancreatectomy. We measured the rest function of the remaining B-cells after resection by daily glucose profile, i.v. gtt, measurements of the glucagon stimulated C-peptide-output and the amount of C peptide in the 24-h-urine. In 9% of the cases the operation induced diabetes in addition to the already existing 31%. 3/4 of the nondiabetics showed a latent diabetic metabolism (K value < 1.0). The cause of this, as shown by the C-peptide analysis, was the loss of the endocrine functional reserve following pancreas resection because of chronic pancreatitis. Therapeutically great differences resulted in reaching and equilibrium of serum glucose in the pancreas resected insulin-dependent patients, because they were dependent on carbohydrates for energy. The tendency to hypoglycaemia represented an additional endangerment. PMID- 7005569 TI - [Basic techniques of flap formation and their application (author's transl)]. AB - The different type of soft tissue defect in the face can be rehabilitated by means of classical local flaps, either by advancement, rotation or transposition. The excellent blood supply of the face permits of create a flap by its length which may extended up to 5 times of its diameter, and secondarily, may be turned up to an angle of 180 degree (median forehead flap). Typical donar areas besides the forehead are the nasolabial and submandibular area with the advantage of closure in correlation to the skin tension lines. By using a flap and transposing to the neighbourhood disfigurement of natural apertura, like mouth, nose and eyes, can be eadily avoided. Typical smaller and larger defects are demonstrated on patients following excisional tumor surgery in the forehead, naso-frontal orbital angle, at the nose, the naso-labial-buccal region. Different ways of flap rehabilitation are analyzed for te same or similar type of defect, which is followed by the surgical and functional end-result. Attention is paid to the W plasty, whereby a rhomboid defect is created and which can be eliminated with additional W-type incision lines. The results are excellent. Combinations of different types of flaps are possible, when f.e. a total loss of the upper lip and a most subtotal loss of the nose is present. PMID- 7005570 TI - [Special flap-techniques in the treatment of nasal defects (author's transl)]. AB - The median frontal flap described by Kazanjian, a horizontal or slightly oblique frontal flap and the scalp flap described by Converse are discussed. It is shown that each method can be used for specific indications. The choice of method by the less experienced is therefore facilitated. A. The median frontal flap is especially indicated for the grosser defects of the back and the lateral parts of the nose. B. The horizontal or slightly oblique frontal flap is especially indicated for subtotal or total defects of the nasal alae or tip of the older patient, who can not undergo repeated surgery or prolonged hospitalisation. C. The frontal scalp flap is especially indicated for the grosser subtotal or total defects of the external nose. - The fronto-temporal flap, described by Schmid, and the "Island-flap" belong to flaps, who need more experience on the field of plastic surgery. The latter is described in his different variations and it is shown the advantage of "one time" equalization of defects by using this technique. The "bilobed flap" too allowes the "one time" equalization and is suitable for the surgery of defects in the region of the tip of the nose. PMID- 7005571 TI - [Special techniques in the reconstruction of cheek and lip defects (author's transl)]. AB - Rotation flaps described by Esser, Imre or Sercer are described, and the possibilities of closing defects by bi-lobed and tri-lobed flaps are mentioned. To close lip defects we prefer the Gillies-fan flap or the Esthander flap. Some other possibilities for repair of the upper and lower lip are described. PMID- 7005572 TI - [Epidemiology and bacteria in infectious sinus diseases (author's transl)]. AB - A number of studies show that only a few bacteria are dominating the infectious sinus diseases. In acute sinusitis hemophilus and pneumococci are prevalent. Recent results in chronic sinusitis indicate a greater importance of anaerobic bacteria. The bacteriological findings in sinusitis are influenced by many factors: 1. the sampling techniques (proof-puncture or nasal-swab); 2. transport time and transport medium; 3. bacteriological culture technique; 4. the isolated bacteria are not automatically pathogens. The difference between colonizing or contaminating bacteria and pathogenic bacteria should be taken into account. A lack of leukocytes, a mixture of bacteria and a viable count of 10(3) or lower indicates normal flora or contamination; 5. kind of infection: acut - chronic; dentogen - rhinogen; 6. mode and duration of therapy (antibiotics, surgery, irrigation); 7. age of patient, season of the year. PMID- 7005573 TI - [The present position of the computer in audiometry (author's transl)]. AB - Alike other fields, in the last years there was a considerable progress in the use of computers in audiology. Here the on-line-operation in the so-called subjective audiometry is dealt with. On principle we have to discriminate between different arrangements, where on the one hand the machine is merely registering and on the other hand the machine is also controlling the test. The last one has the exceeding advantage to be more flexible and also allows the use of randomization, which means a fundamental condition to statistics. In this case the machine also can check the patient's responses - according to the programmm e.g. periods of the patient's inattentiveness may be discovered and the audiometrist may be called. Further on at certain tests the computer may check the results of the investigation in respect to significance in on-line-operation; by this investigations can be shortened. Several situations of application are described; the computercontrolled automatical audiometry can be performed in accordance to Kekesy (the temporal sequence of pulses is independent on the patient's response) or - similar to conventional audiometry - the calculator will wait for patient's response after each stimulus. For scientific investigation the computer-controlled-performance has great advantages because of the machine compatible output of the results (for further statistical evaluation). By the use of a calculator the audiometry is not at all limited by the inexactness of the patient during an investigation. In spite of this inexactness possibilities are shown to detect farmore smaller differences of the threshold. At least for the moment the use of a computer in routine audiometry seems to be of worth only at great audiometric station and means that the audiometrist has to pay special attention to the psychological state of the patient. PMID- 7005574 TI - [On the history of ENT in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - The history of otology in Austria begins with Adam Politzer, the founder of clinical otology. In 1873, Politzer and Gruber founded the Clinic of Otology of the University of Vienna, the first of its kind in the world. The first stapes mobilization was performed in 1875 by Kessel in Graz. Similar university clinics were founded in Graz under Habermann in 1893 and in Innsbruck under Juffinger in 1894. Urbantschitsch initiated auditory training of the hard of hearing. In 1914 Barany received the Nobel prize for his research on the vestibular apparatus. The history of laryngology in Austria begins in 1857 when the laryngeal mirror was used for diagnosis for the first time by Ludwig Turck. In 1870, the first clinic of laryngology in the world was opened in Vienna by Schrotter von Kristelli. In 1873, the surgeon, Theodore Billroth, performed the first total laryngectomy. All the investigations made at the Austrian clinics were of decisive importance for the development of our specialty. PMID- 7005576 TI - [On the reconstructive surgery of the velopharyngeal incompetence (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of sphincter pharyngoplasty for the reconstruction of the velopharyngeal incompetence is described, applicable even in cases of deficiency of the salpingopharyngeus muscle as it may be seen after a tonsillectomy. PMID- 7005575 TI - [A contribution to the history of the treatment of middleface-injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The first descriptions of facial injuries, especially about hurts of the nose, their diagnosis and their treatment are found in the writings of the old cultures. There are already corresponding references in the Papyrus Edwin Smith and in the Papyrus Ebers. There exist descriptions of the surgery of India and in the papers of Hippocrates, which contribute details to these injuries and their treatments. Here it is pointed to the splinting of the septum by inserting open tubes. A careful bandage, respecting the rebuilding of the nose, and the reposition of lower jaw fractures are remarked. In the Middle Ages there were some innovations in wound-treatment, especially in the technique of suture, but no important innovations in the medical care of middleface-fractures. There are only some modifications in the special treatment, but the surgeons always refer to the already available therapy-methods, mainly to those of Hippocrates. Only towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, these themes, particularly the treatment of upper jaw hurts, got new impulses by Graefe, Lang and Le Fort, who also worked out new methods of the external and internal fixation by wire. PMID- 7005577 TI - [The surgery of nasopharyngeal stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - The reconstructive surgery of the cicatricial velopharyngeal stenosis and atresia may often be difficult and it is sometimes impossible to cut viable flaps from the mucosa of the velum and/or pharynx or to bring free grafts to be taken. For permanent success of the surgery the covering of the lateral pharyngeal wall is essential. Our experiences on 5 operated cases are described as well as a personal surgical technique with flaps from the nasal mucosa. PMID- 7005578 TI - The non-value of preoperative and intraoperative cultures in predicting the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery. AB - A prospective study of patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery was undertaken to define the value of preoperative and intraoperative cultures in identifying the patient at "high risk" of wound infection and in predicting the bacteriology of wound infection. One or two days before surgery, the skin of the operative site on the neck, the oropharynx and anterior nares were swabbed. an intraoperative wound culture was obtained after the pharyngeal defect was closed and the wound irrigated with water. All cultures were processed for aerobes in the Anaerobic Bacteriology Research Laboratory at Wadsworth Hospital Center. Wound infections developed in 10 of 31 patients who received cefazolin prophylactically and 21 of 25 patients who received no perioperative antibiotics. Fifty-five percent of infected patients and 68% of noninfected patients demonstrated potential pathogens preoperatively. A potential pathogen isolated preoperatively or intraoperatively was subsequently recovered from 35% of infected wounds. The majority of infected wound cultures grew one or more additional pathogens. A poor correlation was also noted between preoperative nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolation and subsequent recovery from wound infections. We conclude that preoperative and intraoperative aerobic wound cultures are not predictive of the "high risk" patient or of the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection in major head and neck cancer surgery. PMID- 7005579 TI - Primary monomorphic adenoma of the middle ear. AB - The benign, monomorphic adenoma, derived from the respiratory epithelium of the middle ear, is a well circumscribed, greyish, avascular tumor. Its histology- documented by light and electron micrographs contained in this report--supports a distinct entity and pathogenesis apart from the malignant adenocarcinoma. Utilizing two case reports, this compendium emphasizes the clinical presentations, as well as radiographic and audiometrical characteristics, of the tumor. The first case represents the typical tumor with conductive hearing loss. The second case is the first reported facial paralysis associated with hemorrhagic infarction of an adenoma which was reversible by surgical resection of the tumor. Based on the histology and four year postoperative follow-up, the authors conclude the adenoma may be effectively managed by surgical resection. PMID- 7005580 TI - Clinical and prognostic significance of the T-B immunological classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - This study was made to test the clinical significance and the prognostic value of the T-B immunological classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Thirty-four patients with adult diffuse lymphomas were studied. Nine patients with T-cell lymphomas and three patients with non-T and non-B lymphomas had poor immunity and poor prognosis. Fifteen patients with B-cell lymphomas have been found to be associated with a prognosis of intermediate range between that of T-cell lymphomas and undetermined lymphomas. Seven patients with undetermined lymphomas, which were considered to have lost surface markers of B-cells, had the best prognosis. Thus the T-B immunological classification of this disorder appears to be essential for clinicians, and provides a basis for proper differentiation of treatment for different groups. PMID- 7005581 TI - The differential diagnosis of the mass in the neck. A fresh look. AB - A diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma by light microscopy in a neck node biopsy is insufficient to come to a conclusive answer as to the type of tumor with which one is dealing. The fact that undifferentiated carcinoma by light microscopy may very well be a histiocytic lymphoma with a different mode of treatment and an increasingly improved cure rate has changed the mode of evaluation in arriving at a diagnosis of the node in the neck with no visible primary in the upper aerodigestive tract. PMID- 7005582 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B soft tissue infections of the head and neck. AB - Hemophilus influenzae soft tissue infections produce a variety of specific and dangerous pathologic manifestations in the head and neck. Problems include periorbital cellulitis and abscess, sinusitis, supraglottitis and otitis media. Complications include meningitis, airway obstruction and death. Pediatric patients are especially susceptible to these infections and complications. Effective management includes correct diagnosis, prevention of complications, and high doses of appropriate antibiotics. Increasing ampicillin resistance necessitates alternative antibiotic regimens. Specific physical findings, diagnostic studies and appropriate current treatments are discussed with illustrative cases from Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, and reference to pertinent recent literature. PMID- 7005583 TI - Pulmonary complications of tonsillectomy as originally described by Samuel J. Crowe, M.D. AB - The incidence of pulmonary complications of tonsillectomy is very low today in comparison to the early part of the 20th Century. Much of the credit belongs to Samuel Crowe and his colleagues who demonstrated that pulmonary complications could be prevented by the use of improved instrumentation and techniques which were based upon sound scientific principles. A historical review of anesthesia and the mouth gags of the early 1900's is included with a brief history of the development of the Crowe-Davis mouth gag. A review of the recent literature reveals few published papers about pulmonary complications. Those that are available show incidence figures similar to those of Dr. Crowe. PMID- 7005584 TI - [Legionnaires' disease in two patients following renal transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005585 TI - [Methods for the determination of the serum concentration of antiepileptic drugs with special attention to enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005586 TI - [Value of the determination of nyctohemerol blood glucose in the stabilization of insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7005587 TI - [Therapy of organic psychosyndrome with hydergine and digitalis. A component study using double blind technics]. PMID- 7005589 TI - [The behavior of blood insulin and glucose in diabetic nephropathy under CAPD]. PMID- 7005588 TI - [Alfred Hegar--on his 150th birthday]. PMID- 7005591 TI - [Medicine and philology. General humanistic education as a concern of the Swiss medical historian Charles Lichtenthaeler]. PMID- 7005590 TI - [An external antirheumatic drug under examination--possibilities and limits of a clinical trial]. PMID- 7005592 TI - [Cryopreservation of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005593 TI - [Culture of Trypanosoma cruzi in a monophasic medium. Application to large-scale cultures in fermentation processes]. PMID- 7005594 TI - [Fractionation of a crude extract of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes]. PMID- 7005596 TI - [Fatty acids of Trypanosoma cruzi. A comparative study of the Tulahuen, ES and Brazil strains]. PMID- 7005595 TI - [Subcellular distribution of ergosterol and 5,7-diene sterols in Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005597 TI - [Separation and catalytic properties of alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase isoenzymes from Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005598 TI - [Biosynthesis of lipids in Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005599 TI - [Detection of host proteins in the intestine of Triatoma infestans 3 months after ingestion]. PMID- 7005600 TI - [Composition of the secretion of Brindley's gland in Triatominae]. PMID- 7005601 TI - [Natural infection of Calomys laucha by Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005602 TI - [Preliminary results concerning the ecology of Triatoma infestans (Klug) and congeneric species, with special reference to peri-domiciliary populations]. PMID- 7005603 TI - [Identification of the natural enemies of the kissing-bug]. PMID- 7005604 TI - [Triatoma infestans: effect of artificial feeding on its life cycle]. PMID- 7005605 TI - [Presence of oophagous parasitoids of Triatoma infestans in Cruz del Eje Department, Cordoba]. PMID- 7005607 TI - [Trypanosoma cruzi. Study of phagocytosis by a radioisotopic method]. PMID- 7005606 TI - [Domestic infestation by Triatominae in Misiones Province]. PMID- 7005608 TI - [Lipopeptidophosphoglycan of Trypanosoma cruzi. Variation of the sphingosine bases]. PMID- 7005609 TI - [Culture of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Comparison of cultures in biphasic and submerged media]. PMID- 7005610 TI - [Culture of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi in monophasic media. Effect of the glucose concentration on cellular development]. PMID- 7005612 TI - [Immunoprotective effect of the flagellar fraction obtained from different Trypanosoma cruzi homogenates]. PMID- 7005611 TI - [Variation in the infective capacity of cultured forms of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005613 TI - [Effects of the addition of anticoagulants in the artificial feeding of Triatoma infestans]. PMID- 7005614 TI - [Synthesis of trypanosomicides]. PMID- 7005615 TI - [Immunologic effector mechanisms in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Antibody dependent cytoxic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. PMID- 7005616 TI - [Surface lectin receptors in the trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7005617 TI - The effect of diet upon carbohydrate metabolism, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in congenital total lipoatrophic diabetes. PMID- 7005618 TI - Glucose tolerance an insulin release in L-asparaginase treated rabbits. AB - Male New Zealand White Rabbits were injected intravenously with either a single dose of 10,000 IU Escherichia coli L-asparaginase/kg body weight containing 80 mg of D-mannitol/10,000 IU E. coli L-asparaginase or 80 mg D-mannitol kg/body weight alone. Elevated fasting glucose (G) and elevated fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were observed in the L-asparaginase treated rabbits at 1 wk. They peaked at 3 wk and declined thereafter. However, fasting G and IRI levels remained significantly elevated at the end of the study (9-15 wk after injection) compared to preinjection levels and levels of the controls. Glucose and IRI levels 0.5 hr post and intravenous glucose load (1 g/kg body weight) also became elevated post L-asparaginase and followed a time course similar to that of the fasting G and IRI levels. These 0.5-hr levels also remained significantly elevated at the end of the study. These data show that a single dose of 10,000 IU/kg body weight produced a hyperinsulinemic diabetes in New Zealand White Rabbits that appears to persist in a mild form for at least 9-15 week. PMID- 7005619 TI - Muscle protein catabolism in diabetes: 3-methylhistidine excretion in the spontaneously diabetic "BB" rat. AB - The muscle protein lost in uncontrolled diabetes may be due to decreased synthesis, increased catabolism, or to any combination of alteration in these rates that results in net loss. Differing methods of examining these rates in vivo and in vitro have given conflicting results. We assessed the rate of catabolism of proteins containing 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) by measurement of its urinary excretion in spontaneously diabetic "BB" Wistar rats. Prior to overt diabetes, rates of excretion were appropriate to the age of the rats (1.46 +/- 0.15 mumole/day), with 34%-47% as the nonacetylated form. Accompanying diabetes there was an increase in urine urea nitrogen of two to threefold over 4-14 days, and an increase in ammonium nitrogen of sixfold. 3-MH excretion doubled by 4 days, and 81%-96% was excreted as the nonacetylated form. Subcutaneous insulin in doses sufficient to improve glycosuria and hyperglycemia was associated with normalized total 3-MH excretion (N-acetyl 3-MH plus 3-MH) but a greater proportion than normal appeared in the nonacetylated form. These results suggest that muscle protein catabolism increased with insulin deficiency and that this defect can be corrected by therapy. Both untreated and treated diabetic rats appear to have a limited capacity for acetylation of 3-MH prior to its excretion. PMID- 7005620 TI - The use and misuse of androgens. AB - Because testosterone is rapidly metabolized by the liver, it is necessary either to administer androgens by injection in the form of testosterone esters that are absorbed slowly into the circulation or to administer by mouth derivatives that are slowly metabolized by the liver. The later derivatives, however, have deleterious side effects that limit their usefulness. Long-acting parenteral androgen esters are the treatment of choice in the replacement therapy of male hypogonadism. Because these esters must be hydrolyzed to the free hormone prior to exerting their cellular actions the effectiveness of therapy can be monitored by following plasma testosterone levels. All known effects of the endogenous hormone can be duplicated except for the induction and maintenance of normal spermatogenesis. Androgens have been tried in a variety of clinical situations other than male hypogonadism in the hopes that the nonvirilizing actions would outweigh any detectable side effects. The only disorders in which a salutary effect has been documented are hereditary angioneurotic edema and some patients with anemia due to failure off the bone marrow. PMID- 7005621 TI - Translational fidelity in Escherichia coli: antagonistic effects of neaA and ramC gene products on the ribosome function. AB - A double mutant carrying the ramC and neaA mutations has been constructed by Plvir transductions. This mutant, which carries alterations in ribosomal proteins S5 and S17, behaves like to wild-type bacteria in the following respects: it no longer exhibits the restriction of informational suppressors normally associated with the neaA mutation (altered protein S17); ribosomes from the double mutant show increased intrinsic and neamine-induced misreading in vitro in contrast to ribosomes from the neaA strain, although still less than the misreading level of ribosomes from the ramC (altered protein S5) strain. These properties suggest that ribosomal proteins S5 and S17 act cooperatively to balance translational fidelity. PMID- 7005622 TI - 30S subunit mutations relieving restriction of ribosomal misreading caused by L6 mutations. AB - Mutants were analyzed biochemically and genetically in which restriction of translational misreading by ribosomes containing an altered L6 protein is relieved. Amongst 100 such strains eight possessed an altered S4 and two a mutant S5 protein. The protein-chemical type of L6 mutation seems to influence the kind of S4 mutant form selected. Also, only a few types of S4 ram mutations are obtained and they are different from those usually found amongst suppressors of streptomycin-dependent (SmD) strains. The S4 mutations selected are able to reduce the level of streptomycin-resistance of strA1 or strA40 strains and they confer extreme hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides when present alone. On the other hand, S4 mutations from SmD suppressor strains only weakly reverse L6 restriction. The results imply that control of translational fidelity is an intersubunit function and that protein L6 (an interface protein) cooperates with 30S proteins by directly or indirectly determining parameters involved in aminoacyl-tRNA recognition. PMID- 7005623 TI - A defect in carbon catabolite repression associated with uncontrollable and excessive maltose uptake. AB - The previously isolated recessive mutant allele hex2-3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused a defect in carbon catabolite repression of maltase, invertase, malate dehydrogenase, and respiration but at the same time led to an extreme sensitivity to maltose (Zimmerman and Scheel, 1977; Entian and Zimmermann, 1980). Addition of maltose to a growing culture of a hex2-3 mutant resulted within 60 to 90 min in an inhibition of growth, glycolysis, and de novo protein synthesis. This was not accompanied by any abnormal levels of glycolysis metabolites or glycolytic enzyme activities. However, inhibitory effects coincided with a dramatic increase in intracellular glucose up to 150 mM relative to cell water as opposed to 2.5 mM in wild-type cells. This abnormal behavior is interpreted as a result of an uncontrolled maltose uptake in hex2 mutants, which in combination with increasing maltase activity results in an accumulation of intracellular glucose. Obviously the amount of available glucose surpassed glycolytic capacity in hex2 mutants. Properties of mutant alleles hex2 and hex1 (see Entian and Zimmermann, 1980) clearly show, that specific gene functions are involved in adapting the rate of sugar uptake into the cell to the actual glycolytic capacity. PMID- 7005624 TI - Some properties of the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase encoded by ksgA and the polarity of ksgA transcription. AB - The assay for the ksgA-encoded S-adenosylmethionine--6-N',N'-adenosyl (rRNA) dimethyltransferase has been improved; the gel-filtration molecular weight of partially purified enzyme under two different sets of conditions was found to be 55,000 or 26,000 daltons. We have determined methyltransferase activities in strains where ksgA was brought under the control of the mitomycin C-inducible promoter of the colicin E1 gene. Our studies show that ksgA is transcribed counterclockwise on the Escherichia coli chromosome. PMID- 7005625 TI - Isolation of cell cycle mutants of Physarum polycephalum. AB - Asynchronous amoebal cultures of temperature-sensitive mutants of Physarum polycephalum were examined cytologically, and two cell cycle mutants were identified. Genetic analysis indicated that each mutant carried a single mutation that was expressed in both amoebal and plasmodial phases. Thus it is possible to isolate cell cycle mutations expressed in plasmodia by initial isolation and analysis of amoebal mutants, a quicker procedure than the alternative of isolating plasmodial mutants directly. The two mutants were studied further by measuring nuclear DNA contents and synthesis of macromolecules. Both mutants gave results consistent with a block in nuclear division. PMID- 7005626 TI - Maternal physical activity, birth weight and perinatal mortality. AB - As a result of the acquisition of upright posture, adaptation to muscular exercise seems to be unique in man. It involves a redistribution of the cardiac output mediated by the sympathetic system towards priority organs which apparently do not include the pregnant uterus. This could explain the poor tolerance of the human fetus to maternal exercise. The hypothesis is supported by the independence of a detrimental effect of work from the effect of maternal nutrition and by an influence of maternal posture in late pregnancy on its outcome. Possible relations between maternal activity before and during late pregnancy and perinatal mortality are discussed in the context of this hypothesis. PMID- 7005628 TI - Capturing the heart, 1880: Marey's cardiac tongs. PMID- 7005627 TI - The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor. AB - Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) is synthesized in vivo from absorbed dietary chromium, and acts as a physiological enhancer of insulin activity, binding to insulin and potentiating its action about three-fold. Since GTF is well absorbed orally, the development of sufficiently concentrated and stable supplementary sources of this agent may enable convenient and physiologically appropriate pharmacological modulation of insulin activity. A review of the numerous physiological actions of insulin suggests a number of therapeutic applications for GTF, in such diverse ailments as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, reactive hypoglycemia, obesity, cancer, protein malnutrition or malabsorption, endogenous depression, Parkinsonism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. GTF supplementation may also have value in preventive medicine. PMID- 7005629 TI - Levamisole in patients with recurrent herpes infection. AB - The effect of the immunomodulating drug levamisole was tested in 33 patients with frequently recurring attacks of herpes labialis or herpes genitalis. All patients had suffered monthly recurrent attacks for at least six months, but were otherwise healthy. Patients were randomly allocated to receive levamisole tablets, 2.5 mg/kg orally, on two consecutive days each week for 26 weeks, or placebo tablets taken for a similar time. The tablets were reversed for a second consecutive six-month period. Seven of 21 patients (33%) with recurrent herpes genitalis infection showed complete response and 10 (47%) showed a partial response while receiving levamisole. Three of 21 patients (14%) showed a partial response on placebo. Six of 12 patients (50%) with herpes labialis showed complete or partial responses, with three partial responses on placebo. Frequent minor drug side effects were seen, and therapy was ceased in one patient. No episodes of leucopenia or agranulocytosis were encountered. Levamisole produces a significantly better reduction in frequency, duration and severity of herpes attacks than placebo, particularly after the initial eight weeks of administration. PMID- 7005631 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy]. PMID- 7005630 TI - Evaluation of guanfacine and clonidine in essential hypertension: a single-blind crossover study. AB - The antihypertensive and side effects of guanfacine and clonidine were compared in 24 patients with essential hypertension in a single-blind crossover study. After four weeks of active treatment, both guanfacine and clonidine were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. After six weeks of active therapy, recumbent, but not standing, blood pressures were statistically higher (P < 0.01) when patients were taking guanfacine. Side effects were noted in all 24 patients, and resulted in the withdrawal of five patients (three of whom were receiving clonidine, one was receiving guanfacine and one was taking placebo). There were no significant changes in biochemical or haematological parameters during the trial. There was no evidence of "rebound" hypertension, but withdrawal symptoms did occur in one patient after therapy with guanfacine was discontinued. PMID- 7005632 TI - [New treatment possibilities in gastrointestinal diseases: bromoprid]. PMID- 7005633 TI - [Indications for bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7005634 TI - [Urinalysis with the Urotron. Results of clinical trials]. PMID- 7005635 TI - [Practicability and reliability of opiate detection by immunoenzyme technics]. PMID- 7005636 TI - [Methods of evaluating predisposition and of diagnosis in occupational allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005638 TI - Meclofenamate sodium (meclomen) a new antiarthritic agent. PMID- 7005637 TI - [Acute renal failure from occupational agents]. PMID- 7005639 TI - Zomepirac sodium -- a new oral analgesic. AB - Zomepirac sodium is a new oral analgesic that is more effective than aspirin, with no apparent tolerance or potential for addiction. It causes gastrointestinal bleeding similar to that caused by large doses of aspirin. For occasional moderate pain not responsive to aspirin, zomepirac may prove to be preferable to oral narcotics such as codeine, oxycodone, propoxyphene, pentazocine and meperidine. For chronic use, the safety and continued effectiveness of the new drug remain to be determined; it probably cannot replace oral narcotics in narcotic-dependent patients. For severe pain, as in myocardial infarction, renal colic and after some operations, zomepirac is no substitute for parenteral morphine. PMID- 7005640 TI - Salmonellosis in mice: studies on oral immunization with live avirulent vaccines. AB - The avirulent Salmonella typhimurium galE strain G30, following oral feeding to mice, developed a state of immunity to a secondary oral challenge with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. This immunity was concommitant with the development of intestinal and serum antibodies and delayed-type hyepersensitivity (DTH) to Salmonella antigens. In contrast, repeated oral doses of a hybrid E. coli vaccine, which expresses the O antigens of Salmonella typhimurium, provided a lesser degree of immunity and, although able to stimulate the formation of serum antibodies, it elicited only a low level of intestinal antibodies and no measurable DTH. PMID- 7005641 TI - Use of a transport medium in the search for Salmonella carriers--is it worthwhile? AB - The use of transport media has proved valuable in many fields of clinical bacteriology, and so has become quite common. However, this does not apply to the examination of stool in the search for Salmonella carriers. To evaluate its potential efficiency a commercial transport medium, the PortACul, has been tested parallel to the conventional glass tube in 315 cases. The greater detection rate even though not significant makes further examination important. PMID- 7005642 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses to chlamydial antigens in guinea pigs injected with inactivated chlamydiae. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to chlamydial antigens was readily induced in guinea pigs by a single injection of Betaprone-inactivated chlamydiae in complete Freund adjuvant. The CMI was measured in vivo by delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and in vitro by inhibition of migration of peritoneal exudate cells and by proliferation of lymph node lymphocytes. There was an overall correlation between in vivo and in vitro responses. Of the in vitro assays, migration inhibition reflected the state of sensitization, as judged by skin tests, more uniformly than lymphocyte stimulation. Extensive inter- and intra-species cross-reactivity was noted between LB-1, a strain of C. trachomatis, and three strains of C. psittaci, 6BC, GPIC, and 562F. Cross-reactivity between LB-1 and 6BC was one-way only, by all three parameters: LB-1 elicited strong cross-reactions in 6BC immunized animals but not vice versa. Antichlamydial antibodies could not be demonstrated in any of the animals by microimmunofluorescence. PMID- 7005643 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in nonmetastatic osteosarcoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - This report updates experience with the CONPADRI-I, COMPADRI-II, and COMPADRI-III adjuvant chemotherapy programs for the treatment of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma. A total of 200 patients received one of the three regimens. The analysis of response to treatment is based on disease-free survival time (DFS time). The effect of treatment, age, sex, site of disease involvement, and race on DFS time were investigated. Cox's life-table regression analysis found only sex to have a significant effect on DFS time with males having 1.8 times the risk of recurrence or death per unit time as female patients (P = 0.004). An analysis of the 81 patients still alive and disease-free 18 months after the start of treatment shows significantly longer DFS time for CONPADRI-I than COMPADRI-II patients (P = 0.01). This trend is true for both male (P = 0.12) and female (P = 0.08) patients. PMID- 7005644 TI - A randomized study of intermittent chemotherapy with or without BCG inoculation in maintenance therapy of childhood ALL. PMID- 7005645 TI - Failure of early intensive chemotherapy to improve prognosis in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7005646 TI - Motivation in cancer education, with an appreciation of Dr. Henry Jackson, Jr., pioneer medical oncologist-hematologist (1892-1968). PMID- 7005647 TI - [The newborn infant of the drug-dependent mother. Review of literature and personal case reports]. PMID- 7005648 TI - [The association of juvenile diabetes mellitus, primary optic atrophy and deafness (the Wolfram and Ikkos syndrome). Apropos of a personal case]. PMID- 7005649 TI - [Promotion of breast feeding. Experience with 325 healthy newborn infants]. PMID- 7005651 TI - Tribute to a wonderful colleague, teacher, scientist, and humanist Leo G. Rigler. PMID- 7005650 TI - [A case of neonatal meningitis caused by group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae)]. PMID- 7005652 TI - [Protective effect against bacterial plaque accumulation of a mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium]. AB - A mouthwash containing 0.05% cetylpyridium led to a marked reduction in the accumulation of bacterial plaque in a double-blind cross-over trial on 40 subjects. The preparation is thus a sound mean for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Its tolerance and subjective satisfaction were excellent. PMID- 7005653 TI - [Cariostatic effect of Fluocaril; controlled clinical research]. AB - A controlled, double-blind trial on 42 children showed that a dentrifrice containing 0,25% fluorine clearly prevented caries when used continuously for 2 years. This effects was greater than that of a similar toothpaste containing fluorine. Tolerance was excellent. PMID- 7005654 TI - [Clinical statistical evaluation of the antiplaque efficacy of therapeutic aids]. AB - The results of a blind comparison of different types of toothpaste carried out for two months are reported. It was noted that the paste based on azulene, sodium chloride and benzalkonium chloride produces a more marked regression in the gingival index, whereas that based on chlorhexidine produces a more marked reduction in the plaque index. The differences were not statistically significant, however. With an equal quantity of tooth-paste, it was shown that two initial sessions of ultrasonic detartrasis produce a statistically significant benefit as regards gingival index regression, but an only apparent one for the plaque index. Detartrasis alone, not followed by regular oral hygiene practice, leads to momentary benefits but, as the weeks go by, the difference between the indices of those submitted to detartrasis alone and those who also adopt recommended toothpastes regularly becomes increasingly significant. PMID- 7005655 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma: pathologicoanatomic aspects and the clinical course and therapy]. AB - A report of the literature concerning verrucous carcinoma is produced. Once more it is emphasized that this neoplastic disease has such peculiarities (better prognosis and different therapy) to require an immediate differential diagnosis. PMID- 7005656 TI - [Basic design concepts for the removable partial prosthesis and its social aspects. I. The prosthesis framework]. AB - According to literature and personal research. 14 factors are of major importance in order to preserve abutment teeth and remaining supporting structures when a removable partial denture is needed. These concepts are described step by step. PMID- 7005657 TI - [Basic design concepts for the removable partial prosthesis and its social aspects. II. The prosthesis on attachments]. AB - The subject of prostheses on attachments is discussed with particular reference to the biomechanical aspects of tooth-borne dentures and extension-base-dentures. Commercial attachments can be classed as precision attachments and stress breakers. The indications for the employment of each kind in accordance with individual situations and the degree of edentation are explained. The resort to attachments is, in any event, a compromise solution undertaken primarily for cosmetic reasons. Some types of attachments directly created in the laboratory, or controlled load distribution prostheses employing wired, enable a more personal solution to be elaborated to suit the needs of a given case. PMID- 7005659 TI - [Construction of a prosthesis with wire force distribution]. AB - The various stages and technique for the construction of a partial removable prosthesis based on the wire force distribution is possible to obtain an individual prosthesis suitable for every patient, something that is not possible with other conventional systems, such as prefabricated fittings. PMID- 7005658 TI - [Odontostomatogenic focal disease; embryologic and clinical causes of autoimmune pathogenesis]. AB - The autoimmune pathogenesis of the focal odontostomatogenous disease is investigated and emphasis is laid on the different keys of interpretation: at embryologic, clinic and immunologic level. A special attention is paid to the primary meaning of structured or non structured lymphoid tissue of oropharynx, on account of embryologic identity with thymus and bursa of Fabricius, differentiating into sectors of ecto-entodermic stratification. The clinical evidence of the bursa-equivalent significance of Waldeyer ring, appears to lie in the ascertainment of the tonsillar atrophy in course of agammaglobulinaemia of Bruton type. The active chronic irritant phlogistic stimulus in a primary structure could excite the normal production of intolerant clones, so as to exceed the normal physiological homeostasis (giving rise to the autoimmune disease), or alter the mosiac self, inducing a production of autoantibodies. PMID- 7005660 TI - [Pollution by oil suspensions in the air put out by dental compressors]. AB - Particular polluting factors in the air of dental clinics are examined. Equipment such as air compressors and drill turbines, studied from the viewpoint of the type of lubrication, are examined. Collection of samples in various dental studios and their analysis showed the presence of oily suspensions that had exited from this equipment. Having established the presence of such pollution, its danger and resulting damage are documented. The respiratory system is most affected, of course, and publications of the subjects have shown undoubted pulmonary involvement, particularly of the alveolus. The damage deriving from exposure to these oily suspensions is manifold, from respiratory insufficiency to reactive parenchymal fibrosis to an increased incidence of lung tumors in certain sections of the population. Because of the lenght of time required before such damage is evident, they are not so much a danger to the patient as to the dentist who is exposed to the patient as to the dentist who is exposed for long periods. As for the patient, local damage may be seen in the teeth. PMID- 7005662 TI - Recollections of my work with computer assisted tomography. PMID- 7005661 TI - [Follow-up of 5 cases of mandibular adamantinoma treated by osteotomy and mixed grafts]. AB - The examination after fifteen years of five cases of mandibular adamantinoma treated with an operation performed in two stages (graft of metallic prosthesis and osseous autograft) has confirmed the success of this surgical method. In particular from the clinical and radiological examination it turns out that the essential requisites for a therapeutical success have been respected: the anatomical restoration and the aesthetical and function rehabilitation. PMID- 7005664 TI - Comparison of inactivating effects of blood upon the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7005663 TI - Acridine structure correlated with mutagenic activity in Salmonella. AB - The structural basis for direct mutagenicity of acridines was studied by testing 50 different analogs in the Ames Salmonella tester strains without the addition of mammalian activating enzymes. These experiments showed that the single most effective substituent for frameshift mutagenesis in strain TA1537 is an amino group at the "9" position, while an amino group at either the "3" or "1" position is less effective. Other substitutions at the "9" position demonstrate decreased frameshifting activity compared to 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, all substituents in combination with the amino group of 9-aminoacridine also decrease frameshifting activity, except for the addition of another amino group at the "1" position or a methyl at the ring nitrogen. Nitro substituents at the "1" and "3" positions enhance 9-aminoacridine toxocity. All nitro substituents decrease typical acridine-frameshift mutagenesis for strain TA1537, but they induce mutagenic activity either in the other type of frameshift strain, TA1538, or in the base-pair substitution strain TA1535. These studies have provided important structure-function relationships for acridine mutagenicity and toxicity in Salmonella. Consequently, this biological system has provided a sensitive means for determining the structural requirements for mutagenic mechanisms. PMID- 7005665 TI - Hycanthone as a specific frameshift mutagen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Reversion of mutations of different molecular nature was studied after treatment with hycanthone in mild conditions (0.05--0.4 mM, 4 h in the dark, pH 7.2). The mutagen had a very low reversion activity on 3 missense and 4 nonsense mutations (2 UAA and 2 UAG), although it was very active on 3 frameshift mutations. Our data on intragenic reversion and frameshift suppressors indicate that hycanthone can induce both insertions and deletions. PMID- 7005666 TI - Toxicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of lead. PMID- 7005667 TI - Mutagenicity of airborne particles. AB - The physical and chemical properties of airborne particles are important for the interpretation of their potential biologic significance as genotoxic hazards. For polydisperse particle size distributions, the smallest, most respirable particles are generally the most mutagenic. Particulate collection for testing purposes should be designed to reduce artifact formation and allow condensation of mutagenic compounds. Other critical factors such as UV irradiation, wind direction, chemical reactivity, humidity, sample storage, and temperature of combustion are important. Application of chemical extraction methods and subsequent class fractionation techniques influence the observed mutagenic activity. Particles from urban air, coal fly ash, automobile and diesel exhaust, agricultural burning and welding fumes contain primarily direct-acting mutagens. Cigarette smoke condensate, smoke from charred meat and protein pyrolysates, kerosene soot and cigarette smoke condensates contain primarily mutagens which require metabolic activation. Fractionation coupled with mutagenicity testing indicates that the most potent mutagens are found in the acidic fractions of urban air, coal fly ash, and automobile diesel exhaust, whereas mutagens in rice straw smoke and cigarette smoke condensate are found primarily in the basic fractions. The interaction of the many chemical compounds in complex mixtures from airborne particles is likely to be important in determining mutagenic or comutagenic potentials. Because the mode of exposure is generally frequent and prolonged, the presence of tumor-promoting agents in complex mixtures may be a major factor in evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of airborne particles. PMID- 7005669 TI - Spinal transection and the postnatal differentiation of slow myosin isoenzymes. AB - Newborn rats underwent cordotomy, and the myosin composition of individual muscles was investigated 3 months postoperatively. The results indicate that, after cordotomy, the myosin composition in the extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles is normal, whereas in the soleus muscle the myosin has catalytic and molecular properties intermediate between those of adult fast and slow myosin. Together with histochemical data these results indicate that spinal transection causes a developmental arrest in the soleus muscle, at a stage corresponding to a mixed fiber population. PMID- 7005670 TI - Polymyositis--an immunofluorescence study on the distribution of collagen types. AB - Type-specific antibodies to the polymorphic types of collagen have been used to study their distribution in polymyositis. Dramatic increases were observed in the staining with antibodies to Type III collagen and, to a lesser extent, with antibodies to Types I, IV, and V. The changes in capillary and endomysial basement membrane collagens (Types IV and V) as well as the proliferation of perimysial Type III collagen are discussed in relation to the muscle atrophy observed during the disease. PMID- 7005672 TI - The rise and fall of epidemiology, 1950--2000 A.D. PMID- 7005673 TI - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7005671 TI - Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states. PMID- 7005668 TI - An evaluation of the Escherichia coli WP2 and WP2 uvrA reverse mutation assay. AB - The methodology and status of the Escherichia coli WP2 reverse mutation system as it applies to chemical screening were reviewed using the available published literature. 163 documents were reviewed by the Working Group. These included abstracts, research articles, review articles and publicly available contract and grant final reports. From this group, 115 documents were rejected for critical evaluation by the Working Group. 48 documents were reviewed and the test results summarized. The general conclusion of the Working Group was the the E. coli WP2 reverse mutation system is a valuable tool for mutagenesis research, but that there is no evidence from a review of the literature that this assay will contribute significantly to the results obtainable from careful application of the Ames Salmonella assay. Another review of the role of this system in general screening may be warranted after more research and development with the plasmid containing WP2 derivatives. PMID- 7005675 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining for the serotype-specific demonstration of Legionella pneumophila. PMID- 7005677 TI - National Institutes of Health. Consensus-Development Conference statement: Coronary-artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 7005676 TI - Sepsis neonatorum. PMID- 7005674 TI - Influence of treatment adherence in the coronary drug project. PMID- 7005678 TI - Deleterious effect of prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. AB - To study the efficacy of corticosteroids in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), we pair-randomized 51 patients to receive either 15 to 20 mg of prednisolone per day or a placebo. After initial remission, the maintenance dosage of prednisolone was 10 mg per day, and the patients were prospectively followed for up to 3 1/2 years. Prednisolone decreased serum bilirubin (P < 0.05) and globulin (P < 0.01) at three months; it delayed other biochemical remission occurring after the second month of medication (P < 0.001); it hastened biochemical relapse (P < 0.0001); and it increased the frequency of complications (P < 0.0001) and the death rate (P < 0.01). We conclude that prednisolone has an overall harmful effect in patients with HBsAg-positive CAH. PMID- 7005679 TI - Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on left ventricular performance. AB - Although left ventricular dysfunction is common during ventilatory support with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), the mechanism of this disorder remains unclear. In 10 patients with the adult respiratory-distress syndrome we studied the effects of a stepwise increase in PEEP from 0.to 30 cm H2O on left ventricular output, intracardiac transmural pressures, and two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular cross-sectional area at end systole and at end-diastole. Increasing PEEP was associated with progressive declines in cardiac output, mean blood pressure, and left ventricular dimensions and with equalization of right and left ventricular filling pressures. The radius of septal curvature decreased at both end-diastole and end-systole, implying a leftward shift of the interventricular septum. At the highest PEEP, blood-volume expansion did not restore cardiac output, although left ventricular transmural filling pressures had returned to base-line values. We conclude that decreased cardiac output during PEEP is mediated by a leftward displacement of the interventricular septum, which restricts left ventricular filling. PMID- 7005680 TI - A perspective on PEEP. PMID- 7005681 TI - Increased incidence of acute leukemia in polycythemia vera associated with chlorambucil therapy. AB - In studies to determine the optimal treatment for polycythemia vera, 431 previously untreated patients whose disease met established diagnostic criteria were entered into a prospective, randomized controlled trial between 1967 and 1974. Three treatment regimens were used: phlebotomy alone, chlorambucil supplemented by phlebotomy, or radioactive phosphorus supplemented by phlebotomy. Despite minor differences in age and sex, the three groups were comparable in initial hematocrit, white-cell and platelet counts, and disease-related symptoms. The median duration of follow-up is now more than 6 1/2 years. As of February 15, 1980, there were no statistically significant differences in survival among the groups. However, the risk of acute leukemia in patients given chlorambucil was 2.3 times that in patients given radioactive phosphorus and 13 times that in patients treated with phlebotomy alone. The increased incidence of leukemia during chlorambucil treatment is statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.002); accordingly, the Polycythemia Vera Study Group has discontinued the use of chlorambucil in the treatment of polycythemia vera. PMID- 7005683 TI - Penicillin prophylaxis against neonatal streptococcal infections. PMID- 7005682 TI - A study of the value of simple protective isolation in patients with granulocytopenia. AB - To assess the value of simple protective isolation, we prospectively compared it with standard hospital care in 43 episodes of severe granulocytopenia, most occurring in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Sterilized food and prophylactic oral antibiotics were not used. Twenty episodes in 17 patients were randomized to simple protective isolation (437 days), and 23 episodes in 20 patients to standard care (611 days). No statistically significant differences were observed in the overall incidence of infection, time to onset of first infection, or days with fever. Twenty-seven infections occurred in recipients of standard care (4.42 per 100 days), and 28 infections in isolated patients (6.41 per 100 days). Except for a threefold higher rate of bacteremia in patients in isolation (2.06 vs. 0.65 per 100 days), the profile of infection was similar in the two groups. Neither response to antileukemic therapy nor survival was improved by isolation. We conclude that protective isolation alone, as practiced in most hospitals, appears not to benefit granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 7005686 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 7005684 TI - HLA-DR matching in cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 7005685 TI - Biomedical research in the 1980s. PMID- 7005687 TI - Crystal structure of yeast tRNAAsp. AB - Two independent, three-dimensional structures of yeast tRNAAsp, mainly differing by the conformation of the D loop, have been obtained from a multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) X-ray analysis at 3.5-A resolution. The folding of the ribose phosphate backbone is similar to that found for tRNAPhe; major differences concern the relative positioning of the acceptor and anticodon stems, and the conformation of the loops in the two molecules. Crystal packing involves self complementary GUC anticodon interactions. PMID- 7005688 TI - Reversible activation-inactivation of renin in human plasma. AB - Renin, an aspartate protease, cleaves the alpha-globulin angiotensinogen to produce the decapeptide angiotensin I, which is then converted to the vasoactive hormone angiotensin II by the action of a peptidase 'converting enzyme'. An inactive form of renin sometimes termed prorenin is present in normal human plasma. Its enzymatic activity is increased by exposure to a pH of 3.0 or 3.3 followed by dialysis towards neutral pH. Only a small proportion of the inactive renin is activated during the acid stage of dialysis, most of the activation apparently taking place during the subsequent dialysis to pH 5.7 (ref. 4) or 7.5 (ref. 5). Furthermore, if inhibitors of serine proteases are added to the plasma, the amount of inactive renin activated by this dialysis procedure is reduced. These results suggest that acid-activation is mediated by serine proteases. The role of enzymes such as plasma kallikrein, plasmin and renal kallikrein as physiological activators of inactive renin has recently been discussed. In our study of the activation of plasma inactive renin we have no found that, contrary to previous reports, complete activation of inactive renin takes place during the acid stage of dialysis. This activation can be reversed if plasma is rapidly adjusted to pH 7.4 and warmed. The next step in the acid-activation procedure, that is, dialysis to neutral pH, renders the initial acid-activation irreversible. These results were completely unexpected, and we offer an explanation that reassesses the nature of inactive renin and the activation process. PMID- 7005689 TI - DNA cross-linking and monoadduct repair in nitrosourea-treated human tumour cells. AB - The 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosoureas are potent anti-cancer drugs which produce DNA inter-strand cross-links in a two-step reaction sequence. The first step was proposed to be an addition of a chloroethyl group to a guanine-O6 position of DNA; the second step, which occurs over a period of several hours in the absence of free drug, could then form an interstrand cross-link by the slow reaction of the bound chloroethyl group with a nucleophilic site on the opposite DNA strand. The delay between the formation of chloroethyl monoadducts and the formation of inter-strand cross-links allows time for a DNA repair mechanism, capable of removing the monoadducts, to prevent the cross-linking. We recently proposed this mechanism to account for a difference in inter-strand cross-linking between a normal and a transformed human cell strain. Day and his coworkers (see refs 7, 8 and previous paper) found that some human tumour cell strains (designated Mer- phenotype) are deficient in the ability to repair O6-methylguanine lesions in DNA. We therefore hypothesized that the repair function that removes O6 methylguanine residues from DNA would also remove chloroethyl monoadducts and hence prevent chloroethylnitrosourea-induced inter-strand cross-linking. We now present evidence that supports this hypothesis and indicates also that the O6 methylguanine repair confers resistance to cell killing by chloroethylnitrosourea. PMID- 7005690 TI - Use of a synthetic adjuvant in an effective vaccination of monkeys against malaria. PMID- 7005691 TI - Isolation of a cloned cell line expressing variant H-2Kk using fluorescence activated cell sorting. AB - We describe here a method for the isolation of somatic cell variants that express a structurally altered gene product on their cell surface. The method makes it possible to select positively for cells of the variant phenotype which is defined by loss of a given antigenic determinant. As an example, we present the isolation of a cloned cell line expressing a structurally altered H-2Kk molecule, designated H-2KkS1. Cells of this phenotype were found to be present in the wild type population at a frequency of 10(-5)-10(-6) and were isolated in three rounds of selection in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and subsequent growth in vitro. PMID- 7005692 TI - Yeast genetics and molecular biology. PMID- 7005694 TI - Inducible repair of near-UV radiation lethal damage in E. coli. AB - We present here the initial characterization of a new repair system which is induced in actively growing cultures of Escherichia coli and which repairs a major fraction of lethal damage produced by near-UV (310-400 nm) light. This system is different from the error-prone 'SOS' repair system for DNA, known to be induced in E. coli by treatments which damage DNA and/or inhibit DNA replication, such as irradiation by far-UV (254 nm) light or X rays, thymine starvation or treatment with naladixic acid or mitomycin C. The SOS response requires induction of an 'X' protein, the product of the recA gene, whereas the inducible repair system described here utilizes proteins distinct from the X protein. PMID- 7005693 TI - Intrachromosomal gene conversion in yeast. AB - We have shown that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a mechanism by which information from one gene can be transferred non-reciprocally to a repeated copy of the gene on the same chromosome. This intrachromosomal gene conversion may be important in maintaining sequence homogeneity within families of repeated eukaryotic genes. PMID- 7005695 TI - Evidence for the inducibility of the uvrB operon. PMID- 7005698 TI - Comparison of LAI reactivity in B 77 tumor bearing rats between, before and after surgical removal of tumors. AB - Using a new modification of the tube LAI test, LAI reactivity was followed in rats of the inbred Lewis (LW) strain with transplanted syngeneic B 77 tumors before and one month after a surgical removal of the tumors. A significant decline in LAI reactivity was noted after a thorough extirpation of the tumors as compared to that prior to the surgical intervention. The results have been compared and are here discussed with a view to a possible application of the LAI test in studies of antitumor immunity in patients with a malignant disease. PMID- 7005696 TI - Contaminated cell lines. PMID- 7005697 TI - Plasmid R1 DNA replication dependent on protein synthesis in cell-free extracts of E. coli. AB - Bacterial plasmids serve as model systems for studying the regulation of DNA replication. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in plasmid DNA synthesis requires the development of efficient cell-free plasmid replication systems. Such in vitro systems have previously only been described for Col E1 type plasmids and for the R6K plasmid. Here we report that extracts of Escherichia coli can carry out the complete replication of miniplasmids derived from the antibiotic-resistance plasmid R1. This R1 replication system differs from the previously described ColE1 and R6K systems in its strict dependence on DNA-directed protein synthesis. We believe this to be the first report of the functional coupling of the three fundamental reactions of genetic information transfer (transcription, translation and replication) in a cell-free system. PMID- 7005699 TI - LAI reactivity in rats immunized with tumor cells. AB - Leukocytes of peripheral blood of F1 hybrid inbred strain of rats LW X AVN and rats of inbred Lewis strain, immunized for three consecutive weeks with increasing doses of live or dead MC-1 or B 77 tumor cells, incubated for 20 hours with specific tumor extract, showed a lower adhering ability (LAI 32.8 +/- 16.6, 44.4 +/- 14.0, 43.1 +/- 7.4%) than that of the same cell population cultured without a specific antigen. The nonspecific tumor extract did not produce any LAI reactivity (4.4 +/- 5.9, 5.8 +/- 8.2, 6.7 +/- 5.9%). The values of LAI leukocytes of the controls tested by both the antigens were concordant with those found in samples of the same cell population tested without any antigens. The discussion bears on a possibility of applying the 20-hour modification of the LAI test in studies of cell immunity in immunized patients. PMID- 7005701 TI - Features of amalgam margins. An in vitro study. PMID- 7005700 TI - Activity of chromatin-bound protease in histone fractions from rat liver and Morris hepatoma. AB - Activity of chromatin-bound protease of rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777 was studied. Proteolytic enzyme was copurified with histones during extraction of chromatin with 0.25 M HCl. Total histone was fractionated by Oliver's et al. method. Histone fractions were incubated in 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6) at 37 degrees C within different periods of time. The behavior of these fractions in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as the amounts of peptides soluble in 5% TCA released during incubation indicated that enzyme was coextracted with histone H2B only. It was shown that the activity of protease coextracted selectively with histone H2B was higher in tumor tissue than in normal liver. PMID- 7005702 TI - Response of plasma aldosterone to sequential ultrafiltration, dialysis and conventional hemodialysis. AB - The response of plasma aldosterone to sequential ultrafiltration dialysis has been studied during 16 sessions and compared with the response to 12 conventional sessions of hemodialysis. During the isolated ultrafiltration phase an important and significant increase in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity was observed. There was a substantial removal of extracellular fluid, but no change in plasma biochemistry. During conventional hemodialysis over the same time scale the concentration of plasma aldosterone decreased significantly, plasma renin underwent a small increase and plasma osmolality and plasma potassium decreased. Several possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. We conclude that rapid isosmotic ultrafiltration without change in plasma potassium or sodium, the maintenance of plasma potassium at normal elevated values, and the increase of angiotensin II are factors favoring aldosterone biosynthesis. PMID- 7005703 TI - [Pathogenesis of "stiff-man syndrome" (generalized muscle rigidity)]. PMID- 7005705 TI - Attempts to demonstrate virus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Neurons were isolated from the brain and spinal cord of five patients with clinical and pathologic evidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The following studies were carried out to detect the presence of infectious virus. Homogenates of isolated neurons were passaged in several cell lines at different temperatures; isolated neurons were cultured; and supernatant fluids were passaged on the cell lines. Neurons were also cocultivated and fused with continuous cell lines and subsequently passaged; isolated neurons were examined by electronmicroscopy and immunofluorescent techniques, using sera from ALS patients. No evidence of virus was found by these methods. PMID- 7005704 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors: biology and pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005706 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 20-year-old woman. PMID- 7005708 TI - A simple technique for the preparation of Acacia and other hard-coated seeds for microscopic examination. PMID- 7005707 TI - Semi-automatic washing device for simultaneous cleaning of surface replicas under identical conditions. PMID- 7005710 TI - [Multi-centric study of angina pectoris under oxprenolol treatment combined with nitrates in the Trivento region]. PMID- 7005709 TI - [Critical point drying of mites: a modified preparative technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005712 TI - [Interventricular communication secondary to a penetrating heart wound. A case description; a review of the literature]. PMID- 7005711 TI - [Value of dilazep in the treatment of coronary insufficiency. A randomized and double-blind study on subjects with stable, exertion angina]. PMID- 7005715 TI - [Medically managed delivery under CT 1341 (althesin (Glaxo)) anesthesia]. AB - The Authors, after illustrating the pharmacological and physiological characteristics of CT 1341 (Althesin Glaxo), have experimented this medicine in medico-piloted delivery under narcosis on two homogenous groups of 20 patients each. The Authors have evidenced the lack of any harmful effect on the proceeding of labour, the viability of the infant, the delivery of the placenta and on post partum, provided that a time of induction not too premature with regard to the evolution of labour be respected. PMID- 7005714 TI - [Althesin and fentanyl in continuous perfusion in kidney transplants]. AB - In a previous paper the Authors examined the possibility of prolonged anesthesia by the infusion of Althesin associated with refracted doses of Fentanyl. This anesthetic protocol was extended to anephric patients undergoing renal transplantation operations. No alteration of the hepatic function was noted and early recovery of all patients was appreciated. PMID- 7005713 TI - [Effect of proteinemia on recovery: a comparison between thiopentone and alphaxolone (althesin)]. AB - The effect of proteinaemia and albuminaemia changes on recovery time following administration of an equipotent dose (DPC95) of thiopentone and alphaxolone has been evaluated. The study was carried out on two groups of 24 patients premedicated with atropine alone. Recovery time was more closely related to variations in albuminaemia compared to variations in total proteins: this results that albumins are the main binding-site of i.v. anaesthetics. Variations in total proteins and albuminaemia affect recovery time to a lesser extent when alphaxolone is used, compared with thiopentone. The result is related to the lower alphaxolone binding fraction. The clinical implications of protein binding fraction of anaesthetics is discussed. PMID- 7005716 TI - [Clinical experience with althesin]. AB - On the basis of the clinical records of experiments on 110 patients treated with Althesin as induction and maintenance anaesthetic in association or otherwise with other anaesthetics, it is concluded that Althesin possesses good hypnotic power and is compatible with other anaesthetics. It also offers fair stability of cardiocirculatory and respiratory values with slight incidence of unwanted side effects. Althesin is therefore classed among the safest anaesthetics. PMID- 7005717 TI - [Clinical pharmacology aspects of althesin]. AB - The main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of althesin are described. Though relatively new, this steroid is now widely employed in anaesthesiological practice. From the pharmacological standpoint, the high therapeutic index of althesin, the fact that its metabolic fate is known, its rapid elimination, and the prompt, complete awakening of patients when it is used mean that it can be reliably employed in all forms of surgery and on all types of patient. The absolute contraindications coincide with those preventing the employment of general anaesthesia in any form, while the relative contraindications, i.e. those involving particular care in its administration, are linked to the presence of diseases interfering with its mechanism and elimination, the existence of allergy, or cardiovascular disorders of a fairly substantial nature. Althesin, in fact, while not responsible for frank cardiovascular changes, cannot be regarded as entirely innocuous. In other words, it is subject to the same limitations as the barbituric and non-barbituric drugs commonly employed in the i.v. induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 7005719 TI - [Resuscitation in the treatment of severe tetanus: clinical experiences]. AB - Following a brief review of the aetiopathogenesis, symptomatology and treatment of tetanus infection, a personal series of 31 patients (14 males and 17 females aged between 26 and 89) is considered. The patients were admitted between May 1970 and May 1978 to the Alessandria Civil Hospital Resuscitation workers, it is shown that mortality from tetanus increases steadily with the increasing age of patients. It is also observed that the introduction of Ossime therapy has reduced curarizing drugs. As a result of the cholinesterase-restoring effect of Ossime, a normalization in the transit of inhibitor stimuli on muscle tone and hence a reduction in hypertone is hypothesized. PMID- 7005720 TI - [Segmental transplant of the pancreas in the pig with suppression of the exocrine secretion. Technical aspects]. AB - Twenty autotransplantations and five allotransplantations were performed in female pigs; exocrine secretion was suppressed by injecting an acrylic glue into the ductal system; pancreatic segment was transplanted extraperitoneally in the iliac fussa. We describe an original technique most suitable to the morfologic caratheristics of pancreatic gland in pigs. PMID- 7005721 TI - [Transplantation of the isolated pancreas in rats. Technical aspects]. AB - An original microsurgical technique of pancreatic transplantation in the rat using the intact organ without duodenum is presented. Exocrine secretion was blocked by injection of an acrylate glue in the ductal system. This model seems to be simple and suitable to transplantation and metabolic research. PMID- 7005722 TI - [Homotransplant of the isolated pancreas in the rat, with suppression of exocrine secretion. Results and considerations]. AB - Twenty isolated pancreas allotransplantations were performed in "inbred" diabetic rats, after suppression of the exocrine secretion by injecting an acrylate glue into the ductal system. Metabolic investigations have demonstrated that the transplanted organ is able to restore the glycidic balance, whole histologic studies have shown that the acrylate glue produces pancreatic exocrine athrophy, without damaging Langerhans islets. PMID- 7005718 TI - [0.75% and 0.5% bupivacaine in peridural lumbar block for surgery on the lower abdomen; a double-blind comparison and myographic study]. AB - A double blind study has been carried out on 40 patients subjected to peridural block with 0.50% and 0.75% bupivacaine for operations on the low abdomen. While no significant differences were observed with regard to the latency and duration of anaesthetic action, 0.75% marcaine was more effective as regards the duration and degree of motor block. This result was also confirmed by an electromyographic study of the muscles of the hypothenar eminence. PMID- 7005724 TI - [Antibody response to histocompatibility antigens in hemodialysis patients subjected to planned whole-blood transfusions]. AB - In hemodialysis patients planned whole blood transfusions from single donors, induce the formation of anti HLA A, B, C and DR cytotoxic antibodies. The percentage of immunization, however, is lower than that observed in healthy subjects immunized following a similar transfusional schedule. This observation may reflect the existence in some patients of an impairment of the immune response to histocompatibility antigens. The production of lymphocytotoxic antibodies appear to be associated with severe graft rejections while anti HLA antibodies detected only by an indirect rosette assai don't seem to play a significant role in the outcome of the transplants. PMID- 7005725 TI - [HLA and transfusions in 100 renal transplantations]. PMID- 7005723 TI - [Cross test with B-lymphocytes in transplantation immunology]. AB - Cross-matching procedure with B-lymphocytes may facilitate the detection of cytotoxic antibodies. This finding suggested a reliable use of the test in immune monitoring after kidney allograft from living donor. The possible enhancing role of B-lymphocyte antibodies was also discussed. PMID- 7005726 TI - [Significance of immunocomplexes and complement in renal transplantation. Preliminary data]. AB - The authors have measured circulating immune complexes (ic) and some components (C1q, C4, C3 and properdin factor B) in 87 serum samples obtained during the follow-up of five renal transplantation. Results showed high serum levels of ic with normal renal function of the graft especially in one patient, and an increase of the values in some rejection crises. The behaviour of the complement system was variable for the different components, while frequently low properdin factor B serum levels were noticed in some renal transplantations during the normal function of the graft and during the rejection crisis. In conclusion, the Authors report that a) high levels of ic can be seen also in grafts with normal function and their presence may be correlated with viral infections; b) an increase of ic during the rejection crisis is due to humoral immune response; c) the reduction of C3 and C1q associated to an increase of ic has been frequently seen, and finally; d) the low levels of properdin factor B show a probable intervention of the alternative complement pathway in the rejection crisis. PMID- 7005727 TI - [Esterification of cholesterol in patients with renal transplants. Determination of lecithin:cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT) activity]. AB - In man, cholesterol esterification is controlled by lecithin:cholesterol-acyl transferase (LCAT), which is a key-role enzyme of lipid metabolism. Though LCAT is synthesized by the hepatocytes, its activity seems to be linked to the kidney: in fact, LCAT activity is lowered in uremic and anephric subjects, and probably also in long-term haemodialysis patients. On the contrary, in successfull renal allografts we found fully restored LCAT activity. But physiopathological mechanisms underlying relationships between LCAT and kidney are still unclarified. PMID- 7005730 TI - [Improvement of the results of renal transplantation by the use of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG)]. PMID- 7005728 TI - [Ocular complications in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis and renal transplants from cadavers]. AB - In 36 subjects in chronic hemodialysis treatment and in 36 patients with a renal transplant, well functioning for more than one year, the ocular complications related to the specific form of treatment were evaluated and compared. In the group of the dialyzed subjects ocular pathology was composed by: lens opacities in 9 cases, corneal calcifications in 7 cases, hypertensive fundus in 8 cases. In no patient these lesions produced measurable visus reductions. In the transplant group ocular pathology was composed by: lens opacities in 28 patients, hypertensive fundus in 7 and intraocular hypertension in one. One case of herpes cheratytis and one case of endophtalmytis have also been observed. In 9 patients these lesions produced a remarkable visus reduction. In conclusion renal transplantation shows a greater incidence of ocular complications if compared to hemodialysis. This situation has not important consequences on the rehabilitation of the transplanted subject for the possibility of surgical correction of the cataract. PMID- 7005731 TI - [Immunological monitoring after renal transplantation from living donors]. AB - Monitoring of immune responses were done in kidney recipients from living donors using the following assays: CH-50, alternative pathway of complement activation, circulating Ag-Ab complexes, cytotoxic antibodies. All patients had survived 3 to 5 years from transplant. While some alternations (fall of CH-50, cytotoxic antibodies, circulating Ag-Ab complexes) occurred after the episodes of chronic rejection in 2 patients, despite a well functioning allograft, the inhibition of alternative pathway of complement activation demonstrated a coincidental capability to predict rejection episodes. The blocking mechanism of the alternative pathway of complement activation during rejection is not fully understood. The enhancing role of B-lymphocyte antibodies and the function of circulating immunecomplexes were also discussed. PMID- 7005732 TI - [Results of renal transplantation from cadavers in 200 patients]. AB - We report our experience of 202 cadaveric renal transplant performed over a 9 year period. Actuarial patient survival rate was 87.5% at 1 year and 81% at 9 years; graft survival rate was 58.5% at 1 year and 43% at 9 years. In order to improve patient and graft survival, from September 1977 renal transplantation was performed only in patients with a previous careful clinical selection and who had received at least three blood transfusions. Out of 18 patient, actuarial patient and graft survival rate at 1 year were 100% and 76% respectively. PMID- 7005729 TI - [Renal transplantation in Bologna]. AB - From october '76 to march '79 at the Clinica Chirurgica I of the University of Bologna 50 renal graft have been performed with living donor in 8 cases and with cadaver donor in 42. In the living donor group there was one death for rejection and sepsis. The remaining 7 patients are all alive with normal renal function. Among the 42 patients with cadaver donor 6 died: 3 early (one for gastric hemorrage, one for necrosis of the ascending colon, and one for rejection) and 3 late (two following many rejection episodes and one for miocardial infarction). 6 more patients underwent transplantectomy (4 for acute and 2 for chronic rejection). The 27 remaining patients have normal renal function. The only early important surgical problem was one urinary fistula in the 15th postoperative day successfully reoperated. The major late surgical complication was a renal artery stenosis distal from the arterial anastomosis followed by difficult but effective surgical correction. The authors regret not having been able to use more than half of the possible cadaver donors for refusal of the relatives. PMID- 7005733 TI - [Prognostic significance of anuric acute rejection]. AB - 32 graft rejection episodes requiring dialysis within four days appeared in the first month after transplantation in 224 renal transplants. Our report shows that oliguric renal failure is not related to the severity of rejection but probably to the appearance of an acute tubular necrosis. Therefore graft renal failure requiring dialysis is not necessarily related to a bad prognosis. PMID- 7005734 TI - [Postoperative lymphocele. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7005735 TI - [Pseudo-porphyria cutanea tarda in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and in patients with renal transplants]. PMID- 7005736 TI - [Venous complications in renal transplantation]. PMID- 7005738 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of lymphocele as a complication of renal transplantation]. AB - Of 165 renal transplanted patients, three (1.8%) developed a pelvic lymphocele. Decreased renal function, leg edema, a lower quadrant abdominal mass and fluid retention represented suspicion as the possibility of lymph collection in the perirenal space. Excretory urography associated with pelvic tomography, Computerized Tomography and B scan ultrasound confirmed diagnosis and were helpful in the post-operative follow-up. Drainage procedure restored normal renal function and morphology. External drainage and marsupialization into the peritoneum have been used successfully. PMID- 7005737 TI - [HLA and rejection of renal transplants from cadavers]. AB - Seventy-two patients were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B. Kidney-graft survival, reversibility and time of appearance of reject episodes were comparated with matching level. Matching level had double classification: NIT and Verona; the validity of tissue-typing as prediction of the best result of transplantation and major reversibility of reject episodes. PMID- 7005740 TI - [Ex-situ surgery of the kidney]. PMID- 7005739 TI - [Aseptic osseous necrosis after renal transplantation]. AB - Of 165 renal Transplantated patients, 12 developed aseptic bone necrosis in the femoral head (6 patients), in the femoral condyle (5 patients), in the astragalus (1 patient). The onset of symptoms was 6 to 23 months after transplantation. 99mTc-O4-MDP bone scintigraphy and radiological examination associated with clinical signs confirmed the diagnosis. Unresolved hyperparathyroidism, phosforus depletion, ponderal increase, total i.v. prednisolone-boluses and trauma represented conditions which might predispose to the development of lesion. 8 patients were managed with conservative treatment. 4 patients required a total of 8 operations: head replacement arthroplasty and articular cartilage reimplant in two patients with disease involving femoral head; articular cartilage reimplant and condyle replacement arthroplasty in two patients with disease involving femoral condyle. PMID- 7005741 TI - [Hemodynamic guide for conservative treatment of kidney donors]. PMID- 7005744 TI - [Surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis of the colon]. AB - An appraisal is made of the methods adopted by surgeons from different schools in the surgical management of perforated diverticulitis of the colon. For this purpose, an examination is made of 27 cases treated over the course of 5 years at the First-Aid Section of the Genoa General Hospital. While approval is expressed of an eclectic approach to individual cases in the light of the patient's condition, it is felt that the long-established tactic of exteriorisation and resection according to Mikulicz is still perfectly sound. PMID- 7005742 TI - [Reparative plastic surgery of loss of substance of the upper lip]. PMID- 7005743 TI - [Local treatment of tumors of the rectum]. AB - Local treatment of tumours of the rectum currently rests on clear-cut indications, restricted to cases in which psychological reasons, the extremely poor condition of the patient, or an over-high element of risk militate against destructive surgery. An account is given of the main techniques employed and their advantages, and a critical assessment of their merits is attempted. PMID- 7005745 TI - [Cytostatic therapy of metastatic breast cancer]. AB - As complete as possible a picture of the current state of cytostatic chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma is offered. Attention is therefore mainly concentrated on application modalities of this form of therapy in relation to the clinical stage of the disease and to the use of other treatment possibilities. Methods and results of cytostatic therapy are then considered. The present situation is reviewed and the pharmacological and toxic aspects of prolonged antiblastic treatment are assessed. After outlining a number of special problems relating to the treatment of CNS and pleural metastases, the personal series is presented and results, which do not differ from other reported series, reported. In conclusion, stress is laid on the importance and effectiveness of cytostatic therapy in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma, but extended, controlled studies are also recommended. PMID- 7005746 TI - [Surgical treatment, by simple suturing, in perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer. Clinico-statistical evaluation of 5 years' experience]. AB - A series of 30 patients operated over a period of 5 yr is presented. Stress is laid on the different approaches required in relation to the progress of peritonitis, and reasons are offered for preferring suture, rather than gastroresection, vagotomy, and conservative management. PMID- 7005747 TI - [The use of methylprednisolone in the therapy of renal transplants from cadavers]. AB - The role of steroids, and specifically of methylprednisolone, in the pharmacological treatment of cadaver kidney transplants is discussed. The action mechanisms of the substance, and the modalities for its use in basic treatment of the transplanted organ and in rejection crisis are described. Finally, the results obtained in 147 transplanted patients, the complications involved and the measures taken to eliminate, or at least reduce, the problems of prolonged steroid therapy are reviewed. PMID- 7005749 TI - [Worldwide eradication of smallpox. From Sarah Nelmes to Ali Maow Maalin]. PMID- 7005748 TI - [A 1st experience with radical surgery of cancer of the rectum. Critical analysis of the literature and case reports, with special reference to methods "of security" and to technical guidelines for reducing complications and mortality]. AB - An analysis of the most recent approaches to oncological surgery of the rectum, with particular reference to methods combining the greatest radicality with the lowest incidence of early and late complications, is followed by the presentation of work carried out over a period of four years at a subsidiary university department. A series of 77 radical operations (50 anterior and 27 abdominoperineal resections) is examined in function of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative measures making up the treatment protocol. The results are in line with the currently growing preference for anterior resection, and underscore the effectiveness of excluding right colostomy as a protective measure in low colorectal anastomosis. An absence of p.o. mortality a low incidence of complications significant with regard to short and long survival, and the data obtained from a short follow-up show that the methods are sound and in line with the more extensive university series, as well as the data in the literature PMID- 7005750 TI - [Alcoholism in drug addicts. Clinical study]. PMID- 7005755 TI - [Recognition of the patient with high risk of thrombosis. Possibilities and limitations of clinical and laboratory tests]. PMID- 7005752 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis]. PMID- 7005751 TI - [Glucose and insulin in psoriasis. Role of obesity and genetic considerations in diabetes]. PMID- 7005754 TI - [Current status and prospects of liver transplantation]. PMID- 7005756 TI - [Evaluation of leukocyte migration inhibition (LIF) in patients with carcinoma of the lung before and after the use of levamisole in vitro]. AB - Aspecific immunosuppression in neoplasia has long been known, even though all its biological aspects are not yet fully understood. Inhibition of leukocyte migration (LIF) was studied before and after the use of levamisole in vitro to determine whether changes occurred in cell reactivity. The results of the investigation are discussed in the light of modern immunopathological theories. PMID- 7005753 TI - [Tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 7005757 TI - [Publications concerning the history of Portuguese pharmacy published in the decade 1970-1979]. PMID- 7005758 TI - [Arterial hypertension, III. Antihypertensive therapy (1). Diuretics]. PMID- 7005759 TI - A comparison of two different methods for the serum opacity reaction of Streptococci group A. Occurrence of antibodies against opacity factor in human sera. AB - For detection of the opacity factor (OF) in streptococcus group A, two different methods, the slide technique and the blood agar technique, have been compared. The results agree closely. The reaction of OF positive strains on the blood agar medium seems, however, to be more difficult to interpret than the clear-cut opalescence in the slide reaction. Antibody to serum opacity factor was demonstrated in human sera using the solid agar method. Such antibodies were demonstrated in 26 out of a total of 46 ASO positive sera examined. PMID- 7005760 TI - Beta-lactamase production and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in community strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A study of 193 strains of Staphylococcus aureus with respect to beta lactamase/penicillinase activity and antibiotic sensitivity pattern is reported. Eighty-eight strains were obtained from clinical material from patients treated by physicians in a suburban community. The remaining strains were obtained from healthy military recruits. In the clinical material nearly three out of four strains were beta-lactamase/penicillinase producing as compared to approximately 50% in the recruit material. Six strains were beta-lactamase positive and fully sensitive to penicillin, judged by the disc diffusion technique. Aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7005764 TI - Insulin infusion pumps. PMID- 7005763 TI - The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Volume 100, 1933. The character of the dermatitis-producing factor in dietary egg white as shown by certain chemical treatments; by Helen T. Parsons and Eunice Kelly. PMID- 7005762 TI - Nutrition classics. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 78, 1959. Vitamin K deficiency in germfree rats: Bengt E. Gustafsson. PMID- 7005765 TI - Dental aspects of the Mt Erebus disaster. PMID- 7005761 TI - [Linoleic acid in nutritional balance: experimental studies]. AB - In the male rat a diet rich in beef fat facilitates the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia after a glucose load whereas fats rich in linoleic acid produce no such effect. The combination of saturated fat and saccharose facilitates the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia in the male rat, no such effect is produced by the combination of fats rich in linoleic acid and saccharose. Linoleic acid prevents natrium chloride from provoking hypertriglyceridemia in male and in female rats subjected to a diet enriched in saccharose and fat. Estrogen-induced hypertriglyceridemia in castrated animals is strongly inhibited if the diet is rich in linoleic acid. Physical effort can prevent saccharose combined with saturated fats from inducing hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7005766 TI - New insulin delivery systems. PMID- 7005767 TI - Surgical opportunism: an important principle in the repair of hand injuries. PMID- 7005769 TI - In honor of the memory of Ghislaine van Massenhove, international president of CICIAMS. PMID- 7005768 TI - In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from deer. PMID- 7005771 TI - Gold inaccuracies. PMID- 7005770 TI - A fused permanent maxillary lateral incisor: endodontic treatment and restoration. PMID- 7005772 TI - Norman W. Kingsley. "He helped the dumb to speak.". PMID- 7005773 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7005774 TI - Diagnosis and management of face presentation. AB - Face presentation is an unusual complication of pregnancy; it occurs once in every 500 to 600 deliveries. Prematurity, fetal macrosomia, anencephaly, and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) are the major obstetric factors that predispose the fetus to face presentation. Although the mechanisms of labor in face presentation are different from those of simple vertex presentation, there is no consistent alteration in the duration of labor in the absence of underlying CPD. When disproportion does not exist and gross anomalies are not present, the prognosis for spontaneous vaginal delivery is excellent. The majority of perinatal losses reported in face presentation have resulted from traumatic operative vaginal deliveries, specifically version and extraction and midforceps rotations. Recent experience at this institution with a limited series of face presentations demonstrates that, with careful intrapartum surveillance, delivery can be accomplished with no increase in risk to either mother or fetus. PMID- 7005775 TI - Aortic valve replacement in the third trimester of pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7005776 TI - Polyhydramnios and renal failure. PMID- 7005777 TI - Terbutaline sulfate in the prevention of recurrence of premature labor. AB - Forty-six patients in premature labor were initially successfully treated with ethanol infusion. Twenty-three of these patients were then given prolonged oral terbutaline sulfate therapy until 38 weeks' gestation, and the remaining 23 patients were given placebo. The treated group gained significantly more time in gestation than the placebo group (P < .05), although the placebo group started with a higher Bishop score. In addition, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome was seen significantly less often in the treated group. There was no perinatal mortality in either group. PMID- 7005778 TI - Intravenous metronidazole or clindamycin with tobramycin for therapy of pelvic infections. AB - Anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in obstetric and gynecologic infections. As metronidazole has excellent in vitro activity against almost all clinically significant anaerobes, the newly available parenteral form of the drug was evaluated in a comparative study with clindamycin. Forty-seven patients with postpartum endomyometritis with or without wound infection, acute or chronic salpingo-oophoritis, tuboovarian abscess, postoperative pelvic cellulitis or wound infection, or other soft-tissue infection were included in the study. Initially 6 patients were treated with metronidazole, usually combined with tobramycin, in an open study. Subsequently, 41 patients were treated on a randomized schedule of either metronidazole or clindamycin, each combined with tobramycin. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 86% (37 of 43) of the patients who had positive cultures from sites cultured for aerobes and anaerobes. Anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci were the predominant isolates from infected tissues. Of the patients who received metronidazole, 96% (25 of 26) were considered clinically cured; the remaining patient initially responded but continued to have slight temperature elevations. There were no adverse reactions to this drug. Of the patients who received clindamycin, 100% were considered clinically cured. The excellent therapeutic response to intravenous metronidazole and the predominance of pathogenic anaerobes observed in these infections support its use in the treatment of infections of the female genital tract. PMID- 7005779 TI - Role of induced abortion in secondary infertility. AB - The medical histories of 105 patients with secondary infertility were studied to determine whether or not induced abortion contributes to the occurrence of secondary infertility. One hundred ninety-nine control cases were matched to these cases according to age, number of previous pregnancies, race, marital status, and socioeconomic status. It was found that women with a history of prior induced abortion did have a sligtly higher risk (risk ratio = 1.31) of secondary infertility, but that the 95% confidence interval (0.71 to 2.43) was consistent with no association at all. When the analysis was restricted to women without ovulatory problems the risk was of similar magnitude. Prior spontaneous abortion was also found to be unrelated to secondary infertility in this series of women. PMID- 7005780 TI - Reduction by naproxen of excessive menstrual bleeding in women using intrauterine devices. AB - Thirty-four patients using intrauterine contraceptive devices and experiencing excessive menstrual bleeding (more than 80 ml average loss for 2 cycles) were treated with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor naproxen. The trial was conducted according to a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. Each patient received 2 of 3 treatments: naproxen in high dose (1250 mg/day for 5 days), naproxen in low dose (500-mg loading dose, than 750 mg/day for 5 days), or placebo. Each treatment was taken during 2 consecutive menstruations. When all data were pooled, statistically significant reduction in menstrual bleeding was found with both high- and low-dose naproxen treatment compared with placebo therapy (P < .002). Low- and high-dose naproxen reduced menstrual blood loss by 22% and 32%, respectively, whereas the change with placebo was minimal. Although the dose had no significant effect on mean menstrual loss, the number of treatment cycles in which menstrual blood loss was reduced by 50% as compared with pretreatment cycles strongly suggested a dose response. In almost 60% of naproxen-treated cycles, mean menstrual blood loss was less than 80 ml, whereas during placebo-treated cycles the distribution of menstrual loss was similar to that of control cycles. PMID- 7005782 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer]. AB - The minimum requirements of the International Union against Cancer (UICC) to assess the TNM-classification of urothelial bladder cancer include since 1978 the clinical examination, urography, cystoscopy, bimanual palpation under anesthesia and biopsy or transurethral resection of the tumor. The single biopsy of the tumor should be supplemented by multiple biopsies of all bladder walls in combination with the resection of the tumor to diagnose multifocal tumor growth. The exfoliative urinary cytology should be included in the routine diagnostic regimen: cytology is helpful in detection of severe dysplasia and controls the histologically determined grade of the tumor. In selected cases computer tomography improves the accuracy of clinical evaluation of the depth of tumor infiltration. In our hands the lymphangiography can not assess the regional lymph node metastases: therefore, the staging operation is recommended before radical cystectomy is performed. PMID- 7005784 TI - [Significance of biological markers for the diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer]. AB - Several substances are discussed which possibly may play a role as biological markers in urinary bladder cancer, such as the carcinoembryonic antigen, some proteins, amino acids and their metabolites as well as enzymes. The significance of these serum and urine measurements for the diagnosis of bladder cancer is critically reviewed. PMID- 7005783 TI - [Urinary cytology as a screening test for diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer]. AB - A survey is given of the various methods of urinary cytology. The reliability in terms of specificity and sensitivity is such that cytology should be employed in all cases of urinary bladder cancer and also as an important method for screening of high-risk persons and follow-up of treated patients. PMID- 7005781 TI - [Epidemiology and pathogenesis of bladder cancer]. AB - First, all known etiologic factors for the development of urinary bladder cancer and those being in discussion are summarized. Consideration is essentially given to industrial carcinogens, tryptophan metabolites, phenacetin, nicotine, coffee, artificial sweeteners, and chronic irritations of the bladder urothelium. In addition, the demographic factors known from the literature, such as familial, geographical, sexual, and racial dispositions are discussed. Another section focuses at the early histological changes of bladder urothelium until tumor manifestation. Especially the significance of the carcinoma in situ is emphasized. PMID- 7005785 TI - [Therapy, follow-up treatment and prevention of urinary bladder cancer]. AB - Bladder carcinoma is a disease with a poor prognosis if the tumor is of advanced stage: the 3-year survival rate in stage T3 and T4 is 21 and 4%, respectively. Superficial, noninfiltrating lesions, i.e., TA and T1 (82% 3-year survival rate), have a considerably more favorable prognosis, but on the other hand are associated with considerable morbidity. Recurrent tumors can be expected in 50 90%, and more than five transurethral resections are necessary in 12.7% of the cases. Treatment modalities as directed by tumor stage and grade should be as radical as possible, although preservation of proper bladder function as a factor of quality of life must be taken into consideration. In stage, T1, TUR is the treatment of choice. Thereafter, prophylactic topical administration of intravesical chemotherapy is successful in the prevention of recurrencies. In cases of less differentiated tumors usually associated with deeper infiltration (T3) and if random biopsies reveal carcinoma in situ, radical surgery is indicated. Partial bladder resection for a solitary tumor may be successful only, when rigid limitations of the indication are kept in mind. A radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice in stage T3 with deep muscle invasion; for this tumor category, preoperative radiotherapy offers the best overall results. Single definitive radiotherapy is less effective as if combined with surgery and has a recurrency rate of 41-56%. In metastatic carcinoma (T4, N+, M1), only palliative therapy is possible, with a goal of improving life quality without essentially lengthening survival. PMID- 7005787 TI - Combined chemotherapy. AB - Combined chemotherapy approaches should take into account the complex interrelationships with the host and tumor. Principles of combination drug chemotherapy that may contribute to increased antitumor specificity in the treatment of clinical neoplasia are reviewed and examples provided under the following broad headings: (a) Increased antitumor effectiveness without a proportionate increase in limiting host toxicity. This includes the biochemical concepts of sequential and concurrent blockade, complementary inhibition and error amplification. (b) Decrease in host toxicity without a proportionate loss in antitumor effectiveness. (c) Delay in origin and treatment of resistant mutants. (d) Treatment of metastatic and sequestered tumor cells. (e) Identification of optimal dosages, ratios and schedules for drug combinations. (f) Kinetic considerations such as tumor cell synchronization, choice of drugs that act at different phases of the cell cycle or that stimulate Go cells to divide. (g) Use of drugs that assist active compounds. (h) Employment of combined modalities including surgery, radiation or immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. (i) Loading dose chemotherapy of advanced disseminated tumor. (j) Identification of drugs that may prevent viral or carcinogenic tumor induction. (k) Development of methodology for determination of the effectiveness of polychemotherapy. PMID- 7005786 TI - Biochemical pharmacological determinants of drug action in cancer therapeutics. AB - Based on the hypothesis that the selectivity of the antitumor action of a drug is dependent on a multiplicity of systemic and target cell factors, the role of pharmacokinetics and biotransformation in determining drug bioavailability and the target cell determinants of the action of arabinosylcytosine and of methotrexate are briefly discussed. The modulation of the action of an antimetabolite by a modification of the bioavailability of certain metabolites is mentioned as an approach towards the development of more selective chemotherapy. PMID- 7005788 TI - Cardiac toxicity from antitumor therapy. AB - A review is made concerning cardiac toxicity from antitumor agents. The pattern, clinical course and fate of cardiac drug-related phenomena are considered. Special attention is drawn to new attempts to better understand, and possibly prevent, such a treatment limiting side-effect. PMID- 7005789 TI - Local chemotherapy in bladder cancer treatment. AB - Intravesical chemotherapy can be employed either in a therapeutic aim or as an adjuvant prophylactic treatment after TUR. In this paper a discussion is presented about various controversial points that need to be clarified with regard to topical chemotherapy, with special reference to the selection of the drug and to various modalities of treatment. Some results are presented from the literature and from the author's personal experience, with emphasis on the randomized clinical trials performed by EORTC and by other workers or groups. PMID- 7005790 TI - Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy in inoperable esophageal cancer. Results of three controlled studies. PMID- 7005791 TI - Medical treatment of malignant melanoma. AB - A review is made concerning the treatment of malignant melanoma. Medical therapies are at present applied with metastatic disease, and also in surgically operated cases with high risk of recurrence. PMID- 7005792 TI - Heterogeneity of the interaction of anticancer agents with the immune system and its possible relevance in chemoimmunotherapy. AB - The heterogeneity existing among cancer chemotherapeutic agents, even when structurally closely related, in their quantitative and qualitative interaction with the various cellular components of host defence mechanisms involved in cancer control is reviewed. In addition to being a possible determinant of antineoplastic drugs in vivo efficacy, this heterogeneity can be of importance also in the development of less empirical and more effective approaches to the design of combinations to be used in cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Non-specific immunomodulatory agents are in fact also heterogenous in their mode of action on the various components of the immune complex. Examples of chemoimmunotherapeutic combinations based on drugs acting at complementary levels on host defences are presented and the mechanistic basis for their in vivo synergistic activity discussed. PMID- 7005794 TI - Chemotherapy in complex treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 7005793 TI - Chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas. AB - The medical treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas in adults is reviewed. Response rates of 40--50% are obtainable after various polychemotherapies, mainly containing doxorubicin and dacarbazine. Response to secondary treatment is very poor and indicates the need for further clinical research in these infrequent malignant tumors. PMID- 7005795 TI - Microscopic features and biologic behavior of eyelid tumors. AB - A review of some of the more important microscopic and biologic characteristics of the most common malignant eyelid neoplasms is presented. These are: intraepithelial spread, subepithelial spread, multicentric origination, dermal or stromal involvement. Also presented are factors influencing local recurrence, local invasion, metastasis, and mortality. It is emphasized that an eyelid tumor may not be clinically defined by visual means as to its extent of invasion. The above characteristics must be identified and considered in the course of treatment of these lesions and must be brought to mind when evaluating forms of therapy for eyelid neoplasms which rely primarily on clinical means to determine the extent of tissue involvement. PMID- 7005796 TI - A prospective, controlled study to compare the Scheie procedure with Watson's trabeculectomy. AB - Decisions regarding patient care are made difficult because of lack of adequate knowledge. Surgeons try to decide upon choice of procedure and surgical technique based on the results of their experience and their understanding of published reports. Yet there are virtually no prospective controlled studies comparing different procedures for open-angle glaucoma. The present study compares peripheral iridectomy with a thermal sclerostomy, as described by Scheie, with trabeculectomy, as described by Watson. In 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma a Scheie procedure was performed in one eye and a trabeculectomy in the other, the choice of procedure being determined randomly. Surgical technique was standardized. Shallow or flat anterior chambers were more common in patients treated with a Scheie procedure, but in the 15 cases studied no patients required alteration of their postoperative care because of any complication. When reevaluated five years later, central visual acuity was approximately the same in both groups, control of glaucomatous disease was considered to be slightly easier in patients receiving a Scheie procedure, and intraocular pressure was 16 mm Hg in patients treated with the Scheie procedure in contrast to 22 mm Hg in those in whom a trabeculectomy had been performed. The Scheie procedure resulted in a thin cystic conjunctival bleb. In only two cases was a detectable bleb present following trabeculectomy. PMID- 7005798 TI - A disposable corneal trephine. AB - Postoperative astigmatism might be reduced in penetrating keratoplasty if surgeons could cut a straight-sided round hole in the recipient cornea and place in that hole a round donor button also having straight sides. We present a disposable trephine which assists in cutting a perfect graft by supporting the cornea with a suction ring while an uncommonly sharp, round blade traverses the tissue. PMID- 7005799 TI - Comparative evaluation of coated and uncoated polyglactin 910 in cataract and muscle surgery. AB - This study describes the intraoperative and postoperative performance of coated and uncoated Polyglactin 910 in cataract and muscle surgery. The evaluation represents an animal and clinical comparison of 5-0 coated and uncoated Polyglactin 910 in 50 muscle cases and 7-0 coated and uncoated Polyglactin 910 in 150 cataract cases. Both Polyglactin 910 sutures provided high tensile strength, good knot security, batch-to-batch uniformity, ease of handling, minimal reaction, and a predictable absorption rate. Improvements noted in the coated suture were: (1) easier passage through tissue, (2) less chatter in tying, (3) fewer instances of premature tie, and (4) decreased tendency to incarcerate tissue. PMID- 7005797 TI - Keratoplasty in aphakic eyes with corneal edema: results in 100 cases with 10 year follow-up. AB - Penetrating keratoplasties were performed in 100 patients with bullous keratopathy and aphakia. In 85% of cases, edema was due to Fuchs' dystrophy. Cases were divided into eyes with good, fair, and poor prognosis, depending on the presence of glaucoma, anterior segment pathology and corneal vascularization. The three combined groups had 78% clear grafts during the first year, but when results were correlated with the prognostic groups, there were 85% of clear grafts in Group I, 78% in Group II, and 60% in Group III. The number of clear grafts dropped prominently in Groups II and III after the second year. At the end of ten years, 7 of 15 clear grafts corresponded to Group I. The most common possible causes of graft failure not related to donor tissue were: Vitreous in contact with the graft, glaucoma, and anterior segment pathology. PMID- 7005800 TI - Reactions to an anterior chamber lens--two years after implantation. AB - For two and a half years this 99-year-old man had done well with his anterior chamber lens of the Choyce type. He donated the eye for pathological evaluation after his death. The eye exhibited some superior corneal edema, distortion of the lower iris with formation of pockets to hold the inferior feet of the implant, some iris atrophy, slight iritis, minimal bleeding, slight neovascularization, and vacuolic degeneration of the pigment epithelium. The observation of a callus like formation of connective tissue on all those parts of the iris surface that have had contact with the lens implant is the most important finding. This indicates that the iris can not only adjust to the foreign substance of the implant, but it can also give it firm and lasting support. The authors suspect a mild stage of cystoid macular edema with fibrinous exudation into vitreous and preretinal spaces to be present in this case. PMID- 7005801 TI - Suture for lifting of the cornea during lens implantation. PMID- 7005802 TI - Dental management of patients with surgically corrected cardiac and vascular disease. AB - This article deals with the dental management of patients with surgically corrected cardiac and vascular disease. The emphasis of the report is on the susceptibility of these patients to bacterial endocarditis or endarteritis and the prevention of these diseases in the susceptible patient receiving dental treatment. The author would strongly encourage the medical and dental professions to work together in the management of these patients. The dentist must seek medical consultation prior to rendering dental care, and the physician is encouraged to seek dental consultation and treatment for the patient who is going to receive a prosthetic heart valve or is a candidate for heart transplantation. PMID- 7005805 TI - Common hand injuries in the athlete. AB - Common injuries to the hand and wrist of athletes have been discussed under the headings of ligament injuries, fractures, tendon injuries, and neurovascular injuries. Although the frequency and mechanisms of certain injuries may be different in the athlete than in the nonathlete, the principles of proper early diagnosis and adequate treatment are the same whether the patient is an athlete or not. PMID- 7005803 TI - Immunopathology of oral mucosa in bullous pemphigoid. AB - The immunopathology of the oral mucosa was studied in twenty-nine patients with bullous pemphigoid. The 14 patients with simultaneous involvement of the skin and oral mucosa had positive oral mucosa biopsies by direct immunofluorescence, whereas 85.7 percent had positive skin biopsies. Of the fifteen patients with only skin lesions, 80 percent had positive oral mucosa biopsies by direct immunofluorescence, although the oral cavity was clinically free of disease. A total of 89.6 percent of the patients had positive oral mucosa biopsies, and an equal percentage had positive skin biopsies. IgG was present in the immune deposits in all positive biopsies, and in eight cases C'3 was detected as well. Circulating antibasement membrane zone antibodies were detected in 79.3 percent of the cases when a compound animal substrate was used and in 82.7 percent of the cases when healthy human oral mucosa was used as substrate. PMID- 7005804 TI - Evaluation of oxycodone and acetaminophen in treatment of postoperative dental pain. AB - Although both acetaminophen and oxycodone are commonly used analgesics, they were not available as a combination until recently. Since oxycodone is not available as a single entity, there is no archival or even anectodal information on the efficacy and safety of this combination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of various doses of the combination that could be used in dental situations. The single-dose efficacy and safety of acetaminophen 500 mg., oxycodone 5 mg., acetaminophen 500 mg. + oxycodone 5 mg., acetaminophen 1,000 mg. + oxycodone 5 mg., acetaminophen 1,000 mg. + oxycodone 10 mg., and placebo were compared in outpatients who experienced moderate to severe pain after surgical removal of inpacted third molars. Analgesic data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. All active treatments were superior to placebo, with the high-ratio combination being the most efficacious. This treatment also had the highest incidence of limiting side effects. A positive dose-effect relationship was evident for both acetaminophen 500 mg. and 1,000 mg. and for oxycodone 5 mg. and 10 mg. PMID- 7005806 TI - Chemical evolution and the origin of life. Bibliography Supplement 1978. PMID- 7005807 TI - [Experience with the use of a new tissue adhesive (Fibrinkleber Human Immuno) in urology]. PMID- 7005808 TI - [50th anniversary of the death of Miklos Jancso Sr., last professor of internal medicine at the old Hungarian University of Kolozsvar and 1st professor of internal medicine of the new University of Szeged]. PMID- 7005811 TI - [Results of Hemoccult screening in Hungary (multicenter studies)]. PMID- 7005810 TI - [Results of polychemotherapy of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 7005809 TI - [Evaluation of combined L-dopa-cyproheptadine therapy of patients with Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 7005812 TI - [Sandor Lichtenberg]. PMID- 7005813 TI - [Historical sketch of the Hungarian military medical staff between 1868 and 1914]. PMID- 7005814 TI - [Events of the last weeks in the life of Semmelweis]. PMID- 7005815 TI - [Ferencz Entz Sr. and Jr]. PMID- 7005818 TI - [From the past history of veterinary medicine in Hungary (a new temporary exhibit at the Semmelweis Museum of Medical History)]. PMID- 7005817 TI - [IgE type allergic reaction studied by the Rebuck skin window technic]. PMID- 7005819 TI - [Important contribution to the knowledge about the campaign against alcoholism in the Hungarian Soviet Republic]. PMID- 7005820 TI - [Typical social conflicts and reactive neuropsychoses during the Monarchy in Hungary]. PMID- 7005821 TI - [Immunoglobulin concentration and infection of cord blood in newborn infants and steroid therapy of the mother]. PMID- 7005816 TI - [The Spilenberg dynasty of physicians]. PMID- 7005822 TI - [Pierre Paul Broca, founder of anthropology and discoverer of the cortical speech center]. PMID- 7005823 TI - The old and new in Meniere's disease -- over 60 years in retrospect and a look to the future. PMID- 7005824 TI - The endolymphatic sac and Meniere's disease. PMID- 7005827 TI - Members' response to survey enhances future planning. PMID- 7005826 TI - Fraud and abuse control act: New weapon targets medicaid mills, hits physicians. PMID- 7005825 TI - [Multifocal fungal infections in patients coming to the laryngologists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005828 TI - Myofascial pain of the temporomandibular joint: a review of the behavioral relaxation therapies. AB - This paper reviews the behavioral-relaxation treatments of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. The evidence indicates that this pain (located around the oral cavity) is due to muscle hyperactivity, most commonly of the lateral pterygoids. Research concerning relaxation techniques (i.e. progressive muscle relaxation and electromyographic feedback) has indicated the following: (a) in analogue research, normal healthy controls can learn to relax their muscles of mastication profoundly even during stress, and (b) in case reports, relaxation treatments are helpful clinical interventions, especially for pain patients who are not depressed, and who have not had the pain for more than a few years. Well controlled research is the next, essential step. PMID- 7005829 TI - [The abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in uremia. A study in 20 hemodialyzed patients (author's transl)]. AB - The glucose tolerance and serum lipids pattern were studied in 20 hemodialyzed patients after 8 and 12 hours of fasting. They all were non-obese uremics under 40 years of age. The test was conducted according to the nutritional conditions of the protocol of de Gennes. Fasting hyperglycemia and an abnormal glucose tolerance test were observed in 75% of the patients. The basal serum insulin levels were increased in 80% of the cases. 40% of the population studied exhibited significant hypertriglyceridemia after 12 hours and 65% after only 8 hours of fasting. Thus, this protocol was useful for detecting abnormalities in the metabolism of triglycerides in hemodialized patients with few baseline disturbances. The normal levels of serum tryglycerides at 12 hours could be explained by 1) the relatively young age of the population studied and 2) dialysis with glucose free solutions. PMID- 7005830 TI - [The thermotolerance of the Cryptococcus. Investigation on 208 wild and type cultures strains (author's transl)]. AB - The maximal temperature for growth was investigated on 208 Cryptococcus, 2 type cultures and 206 wild strains, belonging to 11 species or varieties. According to the results, which spread from 25 degrees to 42 degrees, the Cryptococcus were separated in three groups. The differentiation of C. neoformans from other Cryptococcus developing at 37 degrees, and particularly from two species with near bio-chemical characteristics, was discussed. PMID- 7005831 TI - [Diabetic proteinuria. Statistical study (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and six records belonging to diabetics carrying proteinury were studied by uni-dimensional analysis, then multi-dimensional of thirty six variables characterizing diabetes, its complications micro and macroangiopathics and th associated biological perturbations with regards to proteinury. The results permit us to lessen the criterium of risks of the appearance of a diabetic nephropathy and also the linked anomalies. PMID- 7005832 TI - [The alveolar macrophage and its anti-infectious function (author's transl)]. AB - The alveolar macrophage belongs to the "Mononuclear Phagocytic System". The medullary promonocyte is its stem-cell. It has a kidneyshaped nucleus, a developed vesicular Golgi apparatus, numerous mitochondriae, lysosomes, phagosomes, and a rough or smooth ergastoplasm. It can survive several weeks in vitro, when cultivated on a porous membrane in contact with a nutrient medium and incubated in a gaseous phase (5 per cent carbon dioxide in water saturated air). Mitotic activity is questionable. Oxygen consumption is high during endocytosis. Metabolic energy is derived from direct oxidative glucose breakdown. Its anti infectious property is based on phagocytosis as well as on cytoplasmic germicidal or lytic systems (hydrogen peroxide, catalase, free oxygen radicals, hydrogen ion, lysozyme and other lysosomial hydrolases). This function is stimulated by T lymphocyte and by endocytosis of digestible material. In vitro, the alveolar macrophage is capable of inhibiting intra-cellular development of Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphlylococcus albus and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7005833 TI - [Ricin, the toxic protein of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis L). Structure and properties (author's transl)]. AB - Ricin is an extremely toxic phytotoxin from the castor-oil plant seeds. This toxin is different from the two phyto-hemagglutinins or lectins which are also present in the seeds and can be purified in two chromatographic steps. Studies on the physical and chemical properties of pure ricin are given (molecular weight: 65 750 daltons, glycoproteic nature, oses composition: 15 moles of mannose and 8 moles of N-acetyl-glucosamine per mole of ricin, aminoacids composition: 545, bicatenary structure: the toxin is formed by two polypeptide A and B chains linked together by a disulfure bond). Though ricin is resistant to proteolytic enzymes under normal conditions, we have found conditions in which tryptic hydrolysis of the toxin gives several peptides which retain toxicity. Two of them were purified. The LD50 on mice of ricin and its isolated toxic peptides were determined, the symptoms of ricin's intoxication were established on animals which died from a dramatic hepatonephritic injury, but always after a lag. Ricin has a cytostatic, and then a cytotoxic effect on cells in culture which are highly damaged (important membranous protrusions). The mechanism of ricin's action was studied. It inhibits elongation in protein synthesis in vivo as well as in vitro, by acting on ribosomes whether cytoplasmic, mitochondrial or chloroplastic. To act, the ricin A-chain must be activated by ribosomes which split the ricin molecule into its polypeptide chains; these ribosomes are then frozen by the toxin and became inefficients in protein synthesis. PMID- 7005834 TI - [A ten years' experience in the use of a mini-computer system in real time in a clinical biology department (author's transl)]. AB - The objective of this retrospective survey is a mini-computer system conceived ten years ago to treat all numerical information coming from a hospital unit of clinical biology. The options that we chose for its function remain valid on at least two patients: the necessity, for the hardware, to dissociate the treatment of information from the listing of voluminous files (the former should be done in the real time, using a mini-computer system situated inside the department, and the latter should be done in differed time, using a more sophisticated machine situated in a common computer center); the necessity, for the software, to use a common global system, but it cn be cut down to suit the particular need of individual user with whom there should be a permanent collaboration. The results obtained during this time are discussed. They seem sufficiently positive to invite a appraisal re-examination of the use of such systems (in spite of some disenchantment at present), in the light of new possibilities from present progress in shared time computer system. PMID- 7005835 TI - [Test of pituitary adrenal suppressibility with I.V. dexamethsaone in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a pituitary adrenal suppressibility test, using a 4 h IV infusion of dexamethasone phosphate (4 mg). Plasma cortisol is measured before and at the end of the infusion. The results allow a good discrimination between Cushing's disease (bilateral adrenal hyperplasia: 9 cases) and Cushing's syndrome of tumorous origin (adrenal tumors 7 cases, ectopic ACTH syndrome 3 cases, hypophyseal adenomas 2 cases), only bilateral adrenal hyperplasia cases are lowering significantly. PMID- 7005836 TI - [Anti-muscle actin and anti-erythrocyte spectrin in sera containing smooth muscle auto-antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Using immunodiffusssion tests, the authors describe anti-muscle actin and anti erythrocyte spectrin auto-antibodies in sera of patients with chronic active hepatitis. These results are compared with study of sera containing anti-striated muscle auto-antibodies and the meaning of these anti-spectrin antibodies is discussed. PMID- 7005837 TI - [Histamine and serotonin levels in exercise induced bronchospasm in asthmatics (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied variations in histamine and serotonin levels in whole blood, in ten asthmatics with bronchospasm induced by running. A significant elevation of histamine following exercise was noted both in the asthmatics and in the control group and the difference in histamine levels in the two groups is then significant. However no correlation was found between the level of histamine before or after exercise and bronchospasm or the intensity of the drop in FEV1. This is also true of serotonine. The changes in level of these amines thus seem top play a minimal role in the initiation and intensity of exercise induced bronchospasm in asthmatics. PMID- 7005838 TI - Epidemiologic pathology of cancer in New Mexico's tri-ethnic population. PMID- 7005840 TI - Pathology, inference, and carcinogenesis. PMID- 7005842 TI - Renal cell tumors. PMID- 7005841 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy in oncology. PMID- 7005839 TI - Clinical and pathologic aspects of onchocerciasis. PMID- 7005843 TI - Coal workers' pneumoconiosis. PMID- 7005844 TI - Poisoning from heavy metals (mercury, lead, and cadmium). PMID- 7005845 TI - X-ray, microwave, and ultrasound: the real and unreal hazards. PMID- 7005846 TI - Neonatal screening tests. PMID- 7005848 TI - Rapid identification of the invading microorganism. AB - There has been great progress in recent years in the development of sensitive techniques for the rapid identification of microorganisms in material obtained from patients with a wide variety of infections. While some of these methods employ chemical and microscopic analysis, most investigative interest has centered on the detection of specific antigens by exquisitely sensitive immunologic tests. Properly used, these techniques can yield specific diagnoses within a matter of a few hours, thus facilitating management of both patient and others who are at risk for contracting the infection. Because these techniques detect antigens rather than viable organisms, specific diagnosis is also possible when antibiotic therapy administered prior to testing has rendered cultures sterile. In some instances assay of the concentration of antigen present in biologic fluids can be used in prognosis. PMID- 7005849 TI - Literature in pediatric radiology. PMID- 7005847 TI - Somatomedin-C and the assessment of growth. PMID- 7005850 TI - Presentation of the Howland Award: some observations introducing C. Henry Kempe, M.D. PMID- 7005851 TI - Acceptance of the Howland Award. PMID- 7005852 TI - Lung maturation in fetuses of diabetic rats. AB - Pulmonary maturation in diabetic pregnancy has been studied in the 20-day-old fetuses of manifest diabetic rats. The animals were either untreated or treated with insulin. The diabetic state was induced by a single IV injection of streptozotocin given about 2 wk before the onset of pregnancy. The biosynthesis of lung surfactant was estimated by monitoring the rate of incorporation of [methyl-3H]choline into phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in fetal lung slices. In the untreated group, the biosynthesis of both phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine were decreased in the fetal lung. Insulin treatment abolished the decrease in the phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, whereas the lysophosphatidylcholine biosynthesis reamined depressed. Light and transmission electron microscopical studies indicated a delayed pulmonary maturation in the untreated offspring accompanied by a decreased cytoplasmic content of glycogen in the alveolar epithelial cells. PMID- 7005853 TI - [Hematological changes in children with neoplasms]. PMID- 7005854 TI - Community acquisition of group B Streptococcus by infants of colonized mothers. AB - Forty-six infants of women known to be colonized by group B Streptococcus (GBS) during the third trimester of pregnancy were not colonized by GBS at the time of discharge from the hospital nursery. At 6 to 8 weeks of age, two of these infants (4.3%) were found to harbor GBS. The rate of community acquisition of GBS by uncolonized infants appears to be low. PMID- 7005855 TI - The Winnicott Squiggle Game: a vehicle for communicating with the school-aged child. AB - The Squiggle Game, described by pediatrician/child psychiatrist D. W. Winnicott, is a pencil-and-paper technique for eliciting children's thoughts and feelings. Unlike drawing tests such as the Goodenough Draw-A-Person Test and the Bender Gestalt Form Copying Test, the Squiggle Game has an entirely unstructured format. This allows maximal latitude for children to share ideas and feelings. Also, participation by the physician makes the approach fun, rather than simply another test or chore for the child. The Squiggle Game has wide applicability in the general practice of pediatrics. It is ideally suited to communicating with school aged children who are often too young to articulate perceptions and feelings spontaneously, but are too old to be engrossed in play techniques utilizing doll houses, puppets, or other toys. PMID- 7005857 TI - Congenital malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Malaria manifested during the first few months of life may be result of acquisition during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, or by mosquito bite after birth. Both congenital and perinatal malaria are acquired by the transmission of parasitized maternal erythrocytes across the placenta. An infant is described whose mother was diagnosed to have malaria at six months of gestation. The infant developed intermittent fever at 5 weeks of age and presented with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly at 3 months of age at which time Plasmodium falciparum parasites were found on examination of thick smears of the infant's blood. IgG and IgM antimalarial antibodies were detected in maternal blood, but only IgG antibodies were found in the infant's blood at delivery and at the time of diagnosis. These transplacentally transmitted antibodies may afford transient protection for the infant and thus delay the onset of clinical manifestations. Due to the absence of an exoerythrocytic life cycle in congenitally acquired malaria, chloroquine is the drug of choice for treatment. Infections with chloroquine-resistant strains require multiple drug therapy. PMID- 7005856 TI - Infant botulism: clinical spectrum and epidemiology. AB - Between 1977 and 1979, 12 cases of infant botulism were diagnosed in Utah, and 87 control patients (normal, nonbotulism neurologic disease, and nonbotulism systemic disease) were evaluated. Observations from these patients suggest an expanded clinical spectrum of infant botulism including asymptomatic carriers of organism; mild hypotonia and failure to thrive; typical cases with constipation, bulbar weakness, and hypotonia; and children with a picture compatible with sudden infant death syndrome. Clostridium botulinum was isolated from the stools of three normal control infants and nine control infants who had neurologic diseases that were clearly not infant botulism. These infants were termed "asymptomatic carriers" of the organism. The occurrence of the asymptomatic carrier state suggests that a diagnosis of infant botulism cannot be made on a basis of culture results alone, but must rest in historical documentation and physical confirmation of progressive bulbar and extremity weakness with ultimate complete resolution of symptoms and findings over a period of several months. A common set of environmental features characterizes the home environment of children with infant botulism and "asymptomatic carriers" and includes: nearby constructional or agricultural soil disruption, dusty and windy conditions, a high water table, and alkaline soil conditions. PMID- 7005858 TI - [Lumbosacral dysrhaphia with anterior fistula: apropos of 2 cases in infants]. PMID- 7005859 TI - [Cerebral abscess in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7005860 TI - Walter R. Ingram at Ranson's Institute of Neurology, 1930-1936. PMID- 7005861 TI - W. R. Ingram: a student's appreciation. PMID- 7005862 TI - Radio-detoxified endotoxin as a potent stimulator of nonspecific resistance. PMID- 7005865 TI - Baccalaureate education in nursing: key to a professional career in nursing 1980 81. PMID- 7005864 TI - Health care and hedonism. PMID- 7005866 TI - Burnout--or management of stress. PMID- 7005867 TI - [Hypertension. Scientific controlled study necessary]. PMID- 7005863 TI - Nurture turned to poison. PMID- 7005868 TI - [Sezary syndrome with serum monoclonal immunoglobulin. Absence of detectable shared idiotype between the monoclonal immunoglobulin and membrane structures of the Sezary cells (author's transl)]. AB - In a case of Sezary syndrome with monoclonal serum immunoglobulin (IgM kappa) haematological investigations and a study of lymphocyte membrane markers failed to demonstrate any proliferation of B-lymphocytes. In order to test the hypothesis that the T-cells of Sezary syndrome and the B-cells producing the monoclonal immunoglobulin derived from the same stem cells and belonged to the same clone, an antiserum specific for the idiotype determinants of the IgM was used to detect by membrane immunofluorescence the possible presence in Sezary cells of surface receptors containing these determinants. The results were negative. The significance of the association--probably relatively too frequent to be fortuitous--between T-lymphocyte proliferation and monoclonal serum immunoglobulin therefore remains uncertain. PMID- 7005869 TI - [Suppurative pseudarthrosis treated by closed, irrigated corticospongious grafts. New technique derived from Papineau's procedure (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of suppurative pseudarthrosis, particularly in the leg after extensive tibial resection, remains very difficult and exceedingly slow. In the new technique described--which derives from, and improves upon Papineau's procedure--granular micrografts of cortical and spongious bone tissues are laid under a tightly closed sterile tent, and continuous irrigation and aspiration are applied. In 10 patients treated by this technique highly satisfactory results were obtained, bone consolidation being achieved within 8 months on average. PMID- 7005870 TI - [Barb wire repair of recent ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a new repair procedure for recent ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament, using a "barb wire" (metal wire a harpoon-shaped hook). In 8 out of 12 patients the ligament was found healed on re-opening the knee joint to remove the "suture" material. Improvements in material and technique should give even better results. PMID- 7005871 TI - [A rare accident of peritoneo-jugular derivation: migration of the prosthesis into the peritoneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005873 TI - Symposium on infection control. PMID- 7005874 TI - Upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Nursing intervention. AB - Proper nursing intervention can assist in the reduction of nosocomial respiratory tract infections. Maintaining the integrity of the patient's respiratory defense mechanisms and/or augmenting those that are impaired helps to control endogenous factors that can contribute to infection. Nursing implications in controlling endogenous factors include mobilization of secretions, prevention of aspiration, and reduction of oral resident microorganisms. Strict aseptic technique in caring for artificial airways and respiratory assistance equipment is essential. Advocacy of a patient's right to protection from harm should be exercised if breaks in proper technique by others are observed. The care that nurses provide is relevant to infection control. PMID- 7005872 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in the elderly with an alpha-blocker: nicergoline (author's transl)]. AB - The tolerance and anti-hypertensive activity of nicergoline, an alpha adrenoceptor blocking agent, were studied in 28 hypertensive subjects older than 65 years (mean age: 84 years). The trial was conducted double-blind: 14 subjects were given nicergoline 30 mg/day divided into 6 doses ("lyocs"), and 14 subjects received a placebo identical in appearance with the drug. A mean decrease of 34 mm Hg in systolic arterial pressure (p < 0.001) and of 16 mm Hg in diastolic arterial pressure (p < 0.001) was observed in subjects under nicergoline. The corresponding changes in blood pressure (-12 and -7.9 mm Hg respectively) in subjects under placebo were not significant. No side-effect requiring discontinuation of treatment was encountered. The remarkable effectiveness and tolerance of nicergoline make it a highly suitable agent for the treatment of hypertension in elderly people. PMID- 7005875 TI - Employee health. PMID- 7005877 TI - Infection control for the burn patient. AB - Infection control in the burn patient is dependent on the aseptic management of the wound and the environment of the patient, knowledgeable use of topical antibacterial agents, aggressive wound management, judicious use of systemic antibiotics, support of the deficient host defense system, maintenance of adequate nutrition, and close monitoring of laboratory and clinical signs of impending sepsis. With these key factors in mind, the nurses and physicians who care for burn patients can reduce the number of septic episodes as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis in the burn patient. PMID- 7005878 TI - Prevention of infection on the oncology unit. AB - Various combinations of immune deficiency, tumor effect, surgery, ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and neutropenia result in infection-prone states for hospitalized cancer patients. Recognition of nosocomial infection may be difficult, and fever may be the only finding. Pathogens may be exogenously acquired from the contaminated hospital environment. Transmission by contact with hospital personnel is the usual mode of exogenous acquisition of hospital bacteria, and handwashing is the most effective means of prevention. The utility of conventional protective isolation in prevention of exogenous transmission is in question. Inattention to infection control measures by nurses and physicians may result in higher infection rates and more serious types of infections. Endogenous infection by the patient's own bacteria and fungi also occurs in the cancer ward. Autoinfection is "amplified" by the use of cannulae, catheters, and other hospital devices. Meticulous nursing care, particularly in neutropenic persons, is important in reducing the incidence of endogenous spread of microbes. Exogenous and endogenous infections in neutropenic patients are reduced using laminar air flow rooms combined with prophylactic antibiotics. It is still not clear if these expensive measures are effective in prolonging survival of patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 7005876 TI - Legal aspects of nosocomial infection. AB - There are numerous nosocomial infections in hospitals; because they are an unexpected and undesired result of treatment, patients are inclined to bring lawsuits in an endeavor to recover damages. Although some patients do recover damages for nosocomial infections, on the whole it is difficult to do so. However, developing proper standards within a health care facility and updating them through well-educated and informed infection control practitioners such as the nurse epidemiologist are effective methods of preventing lawsuits. Strong infection control committees with the assistance of the medical staff and the hospital staff can reduce the threat of lawsuits stemming from nosocomial infections. PMID- 7005880 TI - [Stab wounds of the chest with foreign bodies left in the heart and large vessels]. PMID- 7005879 TI - The use of proteases as thrombolytic agents from the toxicological point of view. AB - In case of systematic hyperproteolysis in the blood of experimental animals after application of ocrase, a fibrinolytically active protease from Aspergillus ochraceus, toxic side effects, particularly on hemostatis and cardiac action, were observed. In order to prevent toxic effects, ocrase in thrombolytic therapy is to be administered within the inhibitor level. After daily administration of 5.6 mg/kg of ocrase (50% of inhibitor level) to rats, toxicological examinations over four weeks showed no deviation from the regular hematological and biochemical values. The thrombolytic effect of ocrase is explained by the formation of an inhibitor-ocrase complex which acts thrombolytically in the presence of fibrin. PMID- 7005882 TI - [Evaluation of cholecystectomy without peritoneal suture]. PMID- 7005883 TI - [Our observations regarding one-layer sutures in gastric and duodenal surgery]. PMID- 7005881 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the biliary tract]. PMID- 7005884 TI - Hypoglycemia secondary to factitious hyperinsulinism. AB - The case is reported of a young woman with spontaneous hypoglycemia due to fractions hyperinsulinism. Hyperinsulinism was established as the cause by the fact that the level of immunoreactive insulin was significantly elevated and inappropriate for the hypoglycemia. Exogenous insulin injection was implicated on the basis of the finding that serum C-peptide was suppressed. The patient later admitted injecting insulin and was discharged under psychiatric care. PMID- 7005885 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in kyphoscolioses (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief recall of etiology and anatomo-pathology, the authors tried to sum up the knowledge concerning the physio-pathology of kyphoscolioses. First the respiratory repercussion of the disease was studied with its classical spirometric data, the abnormalities of gas exchanges (alveolar hypoventilation, decreased diffusion capacity, inhomogeneous distribution of the ratio ventilation/perfusion which plays a large part in these abnormalities), altered ventilatory mechanics and the response to CO2. Then they studied the anatomical and functional repercussion on the lesser circulation which is at the origin of the chronic pulmonary heart. When present, correlations with the clinic are underlined. In a second part, the clinical evolution of the respiratory insufficiency in kyphoscolioses is approached. The brutality of respiratory decompensations and the very poor prognosis linked to the beginning of a chronic pulmonary heart are underlined. Finally, the therapeutical side of the disease is approached. The classical medical and surgical means are recalled and the paper ends on the changing of the prognosis, which became possible because of the techniques of ventilation at home, currently in expansion. PMID- 7005886 TI - [Co-operation between the pathologist and clinician as a factor in quality control]. PMID- 7005889 TI - Immunohistological identification of macrophages in murine placentae, yolk-sac membranes and pregnant uteri. AB - Several studies have indicated the presence of mononuclear phagocytes in placentae and in extra-placental membranous structures from various mammalian species, but little is known of the cells' precise location or of their possible functions. Because localization of macrophages in mice is facilitated by the existence of specific antisera, indirect immunofluorescence was used in the present study to identify and approximate the numbers of macrophages associated with murine placentae, yolk-sac membranes and pregnant uteri. Substantial numbers of cells which were reactive with the specific antiserum were observed in uterine tissue, in the uterine cavity and in the mesodermal layer of the yolk sac. There was no readily apparent quantitative relationship between macrophages in either location and antigenic disparity between mother and fetus. Furthermore, the macrophages contained substantial amounts of immunoglobulin, apparently in the form of antigen-antibody complexes, an observation which suggested that those Fc receptor-positive cells may function to remove complexes of soluble fetal antigen and anti-fetal antibody during passage of immunoglobulin from mother to fetus. PMID- 7005888 TI - Induction of labour in sheep after fetal hypophysectomy: an investigation of the possible involvement of a fetal pituitary secretion in the activation of placental enzymes by fetal cortisol. AB - Activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C-17, 20 lyase and aromatase were measured in placentae of intact and hypophysectomized fetuses after premature induction of parturition by fetal administration of Synacthen. Activities of these enzymes were compared with concentrations of steroids produced by the placenta, which were measured in maternal plasma before and during parturition. Hypophysectomy was assessed by determining fetal plasma concentrations of LH before and after administering LH-RH, and histologically post partum. Concentrations of progesterone, which decreased before parturition, and of 17 alpha, 20 alpha dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and oestradiol-17 beta, which increased, were not affected by fetal hypophysectomy. However, fetal hypophysectomy reduced the normal rise in oestrone sulphate which precedes parturition and abolished the normal rise in androstenedione. Although placental activities of C-17, 20 lyase and aromatase (but not 17 alpha-hydroxylase) tended to be reduced by fetal hypophysectomy, these effects were not statistically significant. The data support an earlier suggestion that an unidentified product of the fetal pituitary may be involved in the activation of C-17, 20 lyase by fetal cortisol before parturition. However, the results of the present study show that the action of such a factor is more likely to be permissive than obligatory. PMID- 7005887 TI - [Two new technics for the histologic laboratory]. PMID- 7005890 TI - [Comparative study of the proteolytic activity of staphylococci and detection of a specific protease]. AB - Staphylococci of 194 strains and of different origin were tested for the presence of active extracellular protease. Activity of protease from Staphylococcus aureus was found to be significantly higher than that of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The culture that was isolated and characterized proved capable to produce an enzyme of high activity and narrow substrate specificity towards bonds formed by the COOH-group of dicarboxylic amino-acids. The protease within the staphylococcal cell was shown to be linked with the peripheral integral membrane proteins solubilized by 1% Triton X-100. PMID- 7005893 TI - [Effect of thyroxine on the adaptive potentials of the pancreatic islet system beta cells]. AB - Functional activity of the pancreatic insulin-producing apparatus during long term administration of thyroxin high doses was studied in experiments on mature male rabbits. Thyroxin decreased secretory response of beta-cells to glucose when intravenous glucose tolerance test was carried out and to be lesser degree when peroral glucose tolerance test was realized (insulin level in the peripheral blood plasma at various times after glucose injections was significantly lower than in control animals). Carbohydrate tolerance remained unchanged. It retained the hyperglycemic reaction pattern similar to that developing after the infection of guinea-pig antiinsulin serum. An elevation of the sugar-decreasing effect of exogenous insulin was typical. PMID- 7005892 TI - [Changes in the concentration of luteinizing hormone in the blood serum and of luliberin in the hypothalamus of castrated rats after the administration of testosterone and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. I]. AB - Luteinizing hormone concentration in the blood serum and luliberin content in the hypothalamic arcuate body and medial eminence were determined in castrated mature rats 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours afte single injections of testosterone and its 5 alpha reduced metabolites (dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol) at a dose of 2.5 x 10(-7) kg/kg body weight by radioimmunoassay. Principal differences between testosterone and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolite action on the hypothalamohypophyseal system were detected from the stand point of their effectiveness and the effect realization rate. PMID- 7005891 TI - [Rapid method for determining protein concentrations in the cells of microorganisms]. AB - The method of Lowry as modified by Peterson (who had changed concentrations of reagents and added a new reagent, sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been tested. It has been shown that the modified method can be applied for rapid measurement of protein in the suspension of bacterial cells. The effect of the following compounds on the protein estimation by the modified method in bovine serum albumin has been studied: potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, sucrose, EDTA, tris, ammonium acetate, Triton X-100, tyrosine, phenol, glycerol, 2 mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7005894 TI - [Insulin therapy in the complex treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7005895 TI - [Lung macrophages (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7005896 TI - Specific labeling of the lac carrier protein in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli by a photoaffinity reagent. AB - 4-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (NPG) was used as a photoaffinity reagent to specifically inactivate the beta-galactoside transport system in Escherichia coli ML 308-225 membrane vesicles. Photolysis of NPG produced time-dependent, irreversible loss of transport activity with corresponding incorporation of [3H]NPG into the membrane. Both processes were blocked by beta-D-galactopyranosyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside, a high-affinity substrate of the lac carrier protein and inactivation of lactose transport was specific because NPG photolysis did not affect proline uptake or the ability of the vesicles to generate an electrochemical proton gradient. Arylation of the lac carrier protein was stoichiometric and resulted in the formation of 0.25 nmol of NPG adduct per mg of membrane protein. All attempts to regenerate transport activity by reillumination in the presence of externally added nucleophiles failed, indicating that arylation is functionally irreversible. When vesicles labeled with [3H]NPG under defined experimental conditions were solubilized and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, only one radioactive peak with an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 was observed, confirming that the reaction is highly specific. The results demonstrate that NPG is an active-site-directed photoaffinity label for the lac carrier protein. PMID- 7005898 TI - Mass spectra of partial protein hydrolysates as a multiple phase check for long polypeptides deduced from DNA sequences: NH2-terminal segment of alanine tRNA synthetase. AB - A strategy has been developed for rapid and accurate determination of the amino acid sequence of large proteins, such as many of the members of the class of proteins known as aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. This strategy involves combining DNA sequencing of the gene for the protein of interest with gas chromatographic mass spectrometric identification of tetra- and pentapeptides in partial hydrolysates of the entire protein or very large fragments thereof. These peptides are matched to blocks of codons at locations scattered throughout the entire structural gene. Tetra- and pentapeptide sequences are sufficiently long that they are unlikely to be repeated in the protein sequence or to occur in an incorrect reading frame; therefore, they can be placed at unique clusters of codons on the DNA. This procedure rigorously establishes the proper phasing of the DNA throughout the entire length of the structural gene, and the protein sequence is thereby accurately read from the DNA sequence. This approach is being used to determine the amino acid sequence of EScherichia coli alanine tRNA synthetase, a protein that has approximately 900 amino acids. This paper reports the sequence of the first 165 amino acids from the NH2 terminus. PMID- 7005897 TI - Autonomously replicating sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A method is presented for isolating DNA segments capable of autonomous replication from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomal DNA based on the differential transforming ability of autonomously replicating plasmids and nonreplicating plasmids. DNA plasmids that are capable of self-replication in yeast transform yeast spheroplasts at about 1000-fold higher frequency than nonreplicating plasmids. We have cloned from total yeast DNA a number of DNA segments that permit the pBR322 plasmid carrying the yeast LEU2 gene to replicate autonomously. These plasmid clones are characterized by their ability to transform Leu- spheroplasts to Leu+ at a high frequency and their ability to replicate autonomously. Analysis of the insert DNAs carried in some of these self replicating plasmids divides them into two categories: those that are unique in the yeast genome and those that are repetitive. PMID- 7005899 TI - Expression of a DNA strand initiation sequence of ColE1 plasmid in a single stranded DNA phage. AB - In order to investigate initiation of H-strand (lagging strand) replication of the plasmid ColE1, the origin region fragment (Hae II-E) of ColE1 was inserted into the intergenic region of filamentous DNA phage M13 and cloned. A site capable of promoting DNA strand initiation on a single-stranded DNA template has been detected on the L-strand (leading strand) of the cloned fragment. The site, named rri-1 rifampicin-resistant initiation), directs conversion of chimeric phage single-stranded DNA to parental replicative form in the presence of rifampicin, which blocks the function of the complementary strand origin of M13. The function of rri-1 is dependent on both the dnaG and dnaB gene products. It is postulated that rri-1 might be an initiation site for synthesis of the lagging DNA strand during unidirectional replication of ColE1 DNA. PMID- 7005900 TI - Sequence-specific recombination of plasmid ColE1. AB - The conjugal transmission of plasmid ColE1 and its derivatives can lead to recA independent recombination. The recombination is not observed during vegetative growth and takes place specifically between the sequences that are thought to represent the transfer origin of ColE1. This provides genetic evidence for breakage and reunion events during the transmission of ColE1. PMID- 7005901 TI - Replication and meiotic transmission of yeast ribosomal RNA genes. AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has approximately 120 genes for the ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) which are organized in tandem within chromosomal DNA. These multiple copy genes are homogeneous in sequence but can undergo changes in copy number and topology. To determine if these changes reflect unusual features of rDNA metabolism, we have examined both the replication of rDNA in the mitotic cell cycle and the inheritance of rDNA during meiosis. The results indicate that rDNA behaves identically to chromosomal DNA: each rDNA unit is replicated once during the S phase of each cell cycle and each unit is conserved through meiosis. Therefore, the flexibility in copy number and topology of rDNA does not arise from the selective replication of units in each S phase nor by the selective inheritance of units in meiosis. PMID- 7005904 TI - Structural studies of the assembly of simple viruses. AB - The principles of structural design and the bonding properties of structural proteins form a basis for the study of virus assembly. Virus coat proteins are designed specifically to interact with one another and with the viral nucleic acid to form a stable virus particle. The process of assembly is controlled by the switching of protein subunit conformation, which can alter the binding properties of the subunits. The self-assembly processes of several simple viruses in vitro have significantly different rates of assembly and specificities for their viral nucleic acid. It is possible that many viruses have multiple pathways for assembly, each pathway exhibiting somewhat different characteristics but all resulting in identical infectious virus particles. PMID- 7005905 TI - Synthesis and assembly of viral membrane proteins. PMID- 7005902 TI - Vascular relaxing activity and stability studies of 10,10-difluoro-13,14 dehydroprostacyclin. AB - 10,10-Difluoro-13,14-dehydroprostacyclin was compared with natural prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) for vascular relaxing activity in vitro on helical strips of small canine mesenteric arteries (outside diameter < 1 mm) and bovine coronary arteries (outside diameter 1.5-2.5 mm) partially contracted with prostaglanding F2 alpha as well as in vivo in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. The difluoro analog was 3- to 4-fold more active than PGI2 in causing relaxation of both types of strips and appeared at least equipotent to PGI2 in its blood pressure lowering effect in dogs. When incubated with Krebs' bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, the biological half-life of the difluoro analog was about 24 hr compared to the 10- to 15-min half-life of PGI2 under similar conditions. However, when administered intravenously to dogs, the hemodynamic effects of the difluoro analog were of the same duration as those of PGI2. PMID- 7005903 TI - Protein switches in muscle contraction. AB - Two types of Ca2+-sensitive protein complexes control the contraction of muscle: Troponin (TN) and tropomyosin (TM) are associated with the thin actin filaments, and a specific light chain is a regulatory subunit of myosin itself. Most muscles have both types of regulation. X-ray diffraction diagrams from whole muscle have shown changes in the position of tropomyosin and changes in the pattern of myosin crossbridge attachment associated with different states of the regulatory switches. The full interpretation of these diagrams is often ambiguous, however, and structural studies of the purified proteins provide essential information. Recent crystallographic results reveal that the TM molecule has unusual local domains of marginal stability, leading to extensive motions of the tropomyosin filaments. Electron microscopy of negatively stained thin filaments decorated with subfragments of scallop myosin yields unusually detailed images that show marked conformational changes in myosin crossbridges that are dependent on the presence or absence of the regulatory light chain. These observations suggest that both the special dynamic design of tropomyosin and the striking structural changes in the myosin crossbridges are significant clues for detailed models for the regulatory mechanism. PMID- 7005906 TI - Immune electron microscopy of enzyme complexes and cellular organelles. PMID- 7005908 TI - The association of alpha-actinin and clathrin with the plasma membrane. AB - The role of alpha-actinin in the attachment of actin to plasma membranes has been investigated. Double-label indirect immunofluorescence has been used to show that in lymphocytes alpha-actinin will concentrate beneath caps of aggregated surface Ig, confirming the recent report by Geiger and Singer [23]. Specific antibody staining of SDS gels has indicated that alpha-actinin is a major component in isolated plasma membranes prepared from three different cell types by two different procedures. A fraction of this alpha-actinin is readily dissociated from these membranes wit relatively little parallel release of actin. The remaining alpha-actinin is more resistant to extraction but can be removed by prolonged dialysis against low ionic-strength buffers which also dissociate most of the actin. The dissociation characteristics of alpha-actinin from the plasma membrane lead us to suggest that alpha-actinin does not form a direct link between actin and the membrane, although it may promote and stabilize actin attachment by cross-linking adjacent actin filaments close to the membrane. During the course of our work with isolated plasma membranes we have tentatively identified a prominent component of these membranes as clathrin, the major protein of coated vesicles [8]. PMID- 7005907 TI - Ascorbate-induced fibroblast cell matrix: reaction of antibodies to procollagen I and III and fibronectin in an axial periodic fashion. AB - Fibronectin and procollagen types I and III are constituents of the extracellular matrix of human fibroblasts. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method showed fibronectin and procollagen antibodies reacting in continuous fashion on 10 nm diameter extracellular fibrils on human fibroblasts. Intracellular localization showed an intense accumulation of procollagen within cells cultured under routine conditions. This accumulation appeared almost as if there were a blockade in secretion of procollagen under routine culture conditions. Cells treated with ascorbic acid do not have the dense intracellular accumulation of procollagens seen with the apparent blockade of secretion in cells cultured under routine conditions. Ascorbate treated cells also have a more pronounced extracellular accumulation of matrix fibronectin and procollagen constituents. At the electromicroscopic level a new 40 nm diameter fibril is formed after ascorbic acid treatment of human fibroblasts. Antibody to fibronectin and procollagen I and III are seen binding to the 40 nm diameter fibrils in a periodic or stuttered appearance. The fibronectin and procollagen antibodies react with a 70 nm axial repeat along these 40 nm fibrils formed after ascorbate treatment. These studies suggest that under routine culture conditions "precursor" fibrils of fibronectin and procollagen are formed. Ascorbic acid treatment leads to enhanced matrix formation. Ultrastructural studies clearly show antibodies to fibronectin bind to fibronectin on native collagen fibrils formed by human fibroblasts cultured with ascrobic acid. Lastly there is an asymmetric or 70 nm axial periodic distribution of fibronectin along these definitive or mature collagen fibrils formed after ascorbic acid treatment. PMID- 7005909 TI - Interactions between the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton of cultured fibroblasts. AB - Observations of cultured cells made by double-fluorescence staining indicate that regions of the plasma membrane which are in close contact with actin-containing cytoplasmic fibers have characteristics different from other regions of the membrane. On fixed cells it is found that several integral membrane proteins are excluded from these regions of membrane-fiber apposition. If, however, these same integral proteins are clustered by their specific antibodies, the patches produced are rapidly lined up over the cytoplasmic fibers, resulting in a transmembrane linkage of clustered membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. These observations have led us to predict the existence of a class of integral membrane proteins, X proteins, which are associated with actin fibers and are responsible for both the initial exclusion and then the transmembrane linkage of clusters of other integral membrane proteins. In an attempt to identify X proteins we have produced antisera against purified plasma membranes prepared from porcine intestinal brush borders. These antisera detect surface antigens on fixed human fibroblast cells which are initially lined up over actin fibers. These antigens are, thus, candidates for the hypothesized X proteins. Using the fluorescence microscope, we are attempting to isolate the potential X antigens with a staining absorption assay. PMID- 7005910 TI - [Function, composition, biosynthesis and degradation of the surfactant system (anti-atelectasis factor) of the lung]. PMID- 7005914 TI - [Foreign bodies in the rectum]. AB - Extraneous matter in the rectum is that which has become detached either accidentally or deliberately (by mental patients) and retained in the posterior part of the intestine, or that has been introduced from outside via the anus (most often deliberately: rectal masturbation). There are countless different objects introduced in this way, and they indicate an eroticism bordering sometimes on insanity. In many cases it is difficult to extract these objects, which are often large, sometimes brittle, or, more rarely, sharp, and almost always slippery. Because of this the problem of extraction has given rise to many incontestably original procedures with which it is as well to be familiar in order to avoid having to recourse to extraction via the abdomen, a procedure which is not without risks. PMID- 7005911 TI - Implantable prostheses. PMID- 7005912 TI - [Clinical study of the efficacy of Cirkan in phlebology]. PMID- 7005913 TI - [In memoriam Gisbert Wesener]. PMID- 7005915 TI - The expression of liquid holding recovery in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli requires a deficiency in growth medium-dependent DNA repair. PMID- 7005917 TI - Psoralen photochemistry. PMID- 7005916 TI - Effects of acridine plus near ultraviolet light on Escherichia coli membranes and DNA in vivo. PMID- 7005918 TI - Post-incision events in excision repair in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7005919 TI - How valuable is muscle charting? A study of the relationship between neonatal assessment of muscle power and later mobility in children with spina bifida defects. PMID- 7005920 TI - Review of literature of physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7005922 TI - Update on lithium--1979-1980. PMID- 7005921 TI - Analysis of hemodynamic and respiratory effects of PGI2 in the pig. AB - Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in the anaesthetized pig before and after vagosympathectomy at 1',2',3',4',5',10',15' and 20' after the beginning of the infusion. The animals were perfused with PGI2,2ug/kg/min for 4 min. We measured the following parameters : mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean wedge pressure, left stroke work, total systemic resistance, total pulmonary resistance, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute volume, lung resistance and compliance, end-tidal CO2, transpulmonary pressure. Our findings suggest that the hypotension observed is due to a reduction in total peripheral resistance by a direct effect of PGI2 on the vascular bed without inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system. Prostacyclin does not directly modify cardiac function and produces a decrease in preload by venous dilation. The changes in pattern of breathing are related to the hypotensive effect of PGI2. PMID- 7005923 TI - The discovery of phencyclidine [proceedings]. PMID- 7005924 TI - Role of angiotensin II and bradykinin in the diuresis caused by stimulation of atrial receptors. AB - The diuretic response to stimulation of left atrial receptors, by distending balloons located either at the pulmonary vein-left atrial junctions or in the body of the left atrium, was studied during blockade of the generation of angiotensin II using a continuous infusion of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14,225, in anaesthetized dogs. Despite blockade of angiotensin conversion, known also to potentiate the activity of bradykinin, a diuretic response was obtained in each dog; the response was similar to that observed in dogs without blockade of angiotensin conversion. Angiotensin II and bradykinin did not significantly influence the rate of secretion of Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus, which have been shown capable of detecting the blood-borne agent known to mediate the diuretic response. It is concluded that neither angiotensin II nor bradykinin is likely to be the blood-borne agent released by stimulation of atrial receptors. PMID- 7005927 TI - An experimental and analytical study of oxygen depletion in stirred cell suspensions. PMID- 7005925 TI - Radiation problems in fusion energy production. PMID- 7005926 TI - DNA repair and replication in cells of Escherichia coli made permeable with hypotonic buffers. PMID- 7005928 TI - The survival of thyroid cells: in vivo irradiation and in situ repair. PMID- 7005929 TI - The construction and operation of modern gamma camera systems: a teaching article. PMID- 7005930 TI - A renewed role for fluoroscopy in the evaluation of cardiac disease. AB - The advent of surgical therapy for ischemic heart disease and the prospects for modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease have made the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients more important. Cardiac fluoroscopy is an inexpensive and relatively efficacious screening method for coronary artery disease. The combination of fluoroscopy and exercise stress testing is particularly promising. Cardiac fluoroscopy also retains a place in the diagnosis of valvular heart disease. For all of the reasons listed above, we strongly recommend that cardiac fluoroscopy be performed as part of the initial evaluation of any patient suspected of having heart disease. Furthermore, when coronary calcification is discovered incidentally by the radiologist, the patient and his physician should be alerted to its presence as it represents a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of symptomatic coronary artery disease. PMID- 7005931 TI - A radiographic and echocardiographic approach to cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - An updated, systematic approach to the diagnosis of cyanosis in the infant or child has been presented. It involves the use of clinical data (to establish the presence of cyanosis), radiographic information (to assess lung parenchyma, pulmonary vascularity, and certain key, border-forming, cardiac structures), and M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic data (the source of detailed intracardiac anatomic information). Specific radiographic and echocardiographic features of the 10 most common cyanotic congenital heart lesions have been presented. Using this approach, one should be able to diagnose accurately the cyanotic infant or child. Further planning for cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography can then be accomplished with an informed and rational point of view. PMID- 7005934 TI - New aspects of coronary angiography. AB - By combining the standard oblique projections used in coronary arteriography with sagittal or axial angulation of the x-ray beam in relation to the heart, the information provided by this study can be significantly enhanced. This approach is especially useful in assessing the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. PMID- 7005932 TI - Radionuclide assessment of left and right ventricular performance. PMID- 7005933 TI - Myocardial perfusion imaging in ischemic heart disease. AB - The ultimate clinical value of thallium-201 imaging depends, to a large extent, on the technical quality of the test and on an understanding of the fundamental clinical and physiologic principles of this imaging mode. This article offers an in-depth discussion of the underlying biokinetic concepts of thallium-201 imaging as well as the practical and technical considerations involved in its successful implementation. PMID- 7005935 TI - [Current status of the application of pharmacoradiography in gastroenterological x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 7005936 TI - [Methodological orientation for the side-separated diagnosis of the renal elimination function and hemodynamics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005937 TI - Effects of low-level radiation and comparative risk. AB - At low doses of radiation to the whole body, the dose-effect relationship for human must usually be determined by extrapolation from human data at high doses. Reasons for above-linear, linear, or below-linear extrapolation from high doses to low doses are discussed. The linear extrapolation is most common, and probably leads to conservative estimates of risk. Risks from other carcinogens may be compared directly with radiation risk by using cancer incidence as the end point. However, lifeshortening is a more useful index of comparison in many other circumstances, and can be used to compare the time lost due to radiation-induced cancer with that due to accidental deaths and other lost industrial time. Risks for radiation workers exposed at current average occupational dose levels are shown to be comparable with those from other safe industries. Questions of acceptability and public perception of risk are briefly discussed. PMID- 7005938 TI - Peritransplant fluid collections. Ultrasound evaluation and clinical significance. AB - Gray-scale ultrasonography was used to detect, localize, and guide percutaneous aspirations of peritransplant fluid collections. Fifty-one (51%) transplant recipients had abnormal fluid collections; 18 of these patients required surgery. Analysis of the 23 proved fluid collections (10 lymphocytes, 7 abscesses, 4 urinomas, and 2 hematomas) revealed certain sonographic and temporal patterns. Lymphoceles were the most common cause of an obstructed transplant and were usually septated. Most of the undiagnosed fluid collections were small and crescentic and were located in the abdominal wall. They usually did not enlarge or resolve on serial ultrasound examinations. A role for ultrasound in the management of peritransplant fluid collections is proposed. PMID- 7005939 TI - Screening for breast cancer: the Swedish trial. AB - A randomized, controlled mammographic screening procedure has been initiated in Sweden. The study has been conducted since 1977 in Kopparberg county and since 1978 in Ostergotland county. This paper describes the planning and organization of the study as well as the method of screening used. The results of the first 27 months in Kopparberg county are presented. PMID- 7005940 TI - Radiographic features of gastrointestinal graft-vs.-host disease. AB - Five patients underwent bone-marrow transplantation, and graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) developed. Radiographic features are described. Three patients showed an abrupt transition at the jejuno-ileal junction from normal small bowel to ileal loops which were narrowed, tubular, separated, edematous, and, generally, without mucosal markings. The transit time for the contrast material to reach the anus from the mouth was 20 to 25 minutes. A fourth patient showed mucosal ulcerations of the transverse and descending colon. The fifth patient with acute, ultimately fatal GVHD had an edematous duodenum and colon, in addition to an edematous, tubular jejunum and ileum without mucosal markings. Transit time through the intestines for the contrast material was rapid. PMID- 7005941 TI - Morphological consequences of prenatal injury to the primate brain. PMID- 7005942 TI - Extrahypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin innervation of fetal and adult rat brain. PMID- 7005943 TI - Neuropeptides in rat brain development. PMID- 7005944 TI - Neuropeptides. A new dimension in biological psychiatry. PMID- 7005945 TI - Sleep as an adaptation for energy conservation functionally related to hibernation and shallow torpor. PMID- 7005946 TI - Sleep as restorative process: human clues. PMID- 7005947 TI - Sleep as a restorative process and a theory to explain why. PMID- 7005949 TI - Paradoxical sleep deprivation in animal studies: some methodological considerations. PMID- 7005948 TI - The cognitive activity of sleep. PMID- 7005950 TI - Paradoxical sleep and the nature-nurture controversy. PMID- 7005952 TI - Adaptive aspects of neuronal elements in agonistic behavior. PMID- 7005951 TI - Biological substrates of aggression. PMID- 7005953 TI - Is there evidence for a neural correlate of an aggressive behavioural system in the hypothalamus of the rat? PMID- 7005955 TI - Adaptive aspects of hormonal correlates of attack and defence in laboratory mice: a study in ethobiology. PMID- 7005954 TI - Remyelination in human CNS lesions. PMID- 7005956 TI - Adaption of the cerebellum to deafferentation. PMID- 7005958 TI - Nutritional effects on non-mitotic aspects of central nervous system development. PMID- 7005957 TI - Nutrition and central nervous system development. PMID- 7005959 TI - Recent developments in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 7005960 TI - Chemotherapy of cestode infections. PMID- 7005961 TI - Quaternary ammonium salts--advances in chemistry and pharmacology since 1960. PMID- 7005962 TI - Influence of different diets on the progression of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7005963 TI - Estimation of essential fatty acid requirements in pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 7005964 TI - Epithelial conduction: its properties and function. PMID- 7005966 TI - Antibodies specific for modified nucleosides: an immunochemical approach for the isolation and characterization of nucleic acids. PMID- 7005965 TI - The organization of intraspecific agonistic behaviour in the rat. PMID- 7005967 TI - DNA structure and gene regulation. PMID- 7005968 TI - [Dental cattle technology]. PMID- 7005969 TI - [Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005970 TI - [Ultrastructural and immuno-electron-microscopic studies in linear IgA bullous dermatosis]. PMID- 7005972 TI - [Effect of drugs and ultraviolet rays on the development of pemphigoid]. PMID- 7005971 TI - [Studies on the causes of "nonspecific" Treponema pallidum immunofluorescence and the method of its prevention. TPI test with phosphorylcholine in syphilis serodiagnosis]. PMID- 7005973 TI - [Glucagonoma syndrome--a manifestation of neoplastic process]. PMID- 7005975 TI - [The tetanus antibodies titer alterations evaluated by means of indirect hemagglutinin test (HAp) after specific and nonspecific stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005974 TI - [Bibliography of the writings of Jacques Lacan]. PMID- 7005977 TI - A technique for dental porcelain application. PMID- 7005976 TI - Fabrication of cobalt-chromium dies for custom tooth molding. PMID- 7005978 TI - Surface roughness and porcelain bond. PMID- 7005979 TI - One-step impression technique. PMID- 7005980 TI - [New uses of ion beam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005982 TI - [Technical problems in interventional angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Interventional angiography has greatly developed recently, as a consequence of a better definition of clinical indications, the progress and the diffusion of the angiographic techniques and finally as a consequence of the technological improvements of angiographic material and accessories. A synthetic study of the actual technical knowledge and of the perspectives of further improvement, is presented, on the basis of a 10 years' experience, during which more than 500 therapeutical interventions have been performed by means of angiographic techniques. PMID- 7005981 TI - [Fast neutron therapy with 252Cf (author's transl)]. PMID- 7005983 TI - [Lung pictures of the "target sign" in septic embolism]. PMID- 7005984 TI - [Radiologic demonstration of a transparent bronchial foreign body which migrated to the pleural cavity]. PMID- 7005986 TI - [First results by means of non-ionic contrast medium (Iopamidol) in urography and angiography (author's transl)]. AB - The non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium Iopamidol was used for urography in 10 patients and for angiography in 20 patients. In every investigation excellent visualization was obtained and non adverse reaction occurred. Good tolerability to Iopamidol permitted to carry out painless peripheral angiography and translumbar angiography without general anaesthesia. PMID- 7005985 TI - [Myelography with B 15000, a new nonionic water-soluble contrast medium. Technical aspects and preliminary clinical experiences (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report of myelography findings obtained in 50 patients with B 15000 (Iopamidol), a new non ionic water-soluble contrast medium. The procedure was easily carried out with a tilting table wired to a TV image amplifier. The dose of contrast medium injected intrathecally was 10 divided by 15 cm3 of a preconstituted solution containing iodine 200 or 300 mg/cm3. There were no accidents or major complications. The myelograms obtained with the test material afforded accurate diagnosis of intramedullary and extramedullary lesions, and signally of intervertebral disk protrusion and hernia. PMID- 7005988 TI - [Forerunner of the radiologic examination of the digestive tract: Prof. G. Vicentini]. PMID- 7005987 TI - [Sequential scintigraphic evaluation in renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 57 renal transplantation of a sequential scintigraphy was carried out within the tenth day from surgical operation. According to the various scintigraphic findings and on the basis of the possible acute renal failure, the patients were subdivided into 7 groups and the data were correlated with clinical and hystological findings. PMID- 7005990 TI - [Echographic and urographic considerations in a case of lymphocele after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonography and urography are the most useful methods for the diagnosis of an uncommon complication or renal transplantation: the pararenal lymphocele. It presents on ultrasound as a well-defined sonolucent area adjacent to the renal transplant and must be differentiated from abscess, hematoma and urinoma. PMID- 7005989 TI - [Instrumental diagnosis of breast diseases]. PMID- 7005991 TI - [Captopril in the clinical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7005992 TI - [Renal transplantation in cystinosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7005993 TI - [Evaluation of marginal leakage in root canal obturation. Effect of storage time of the cement used and factors introduced through lateral condensation]. PMID- 7005995 TI - [Open bite]. PMID- 7005997 TI - [Bacteriologic study of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium pyogenes isolated from the dromedary in Ethiopia]. PMID- 7005994 TI - [Focal infection and its significance in clinical dentistry]. PMID- 7005996 TI - [Regulation of genetic expression during the transfer of information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm]. AB - In eukaryotes, the transfer of genetic information from the genome to its final site of phenotypic expression is a multistep process. These steps are described and the mechanisms of regulation operating at these various levels are reviewed. The heat shock response in two diptera, Drosophila and Chironomus, is described as a model system to illustrate the existence of regulation mechanisms at different levels of genetic information transfer. In Chironomus tentans like in Drosophila, a short heat shock (10 min, 39 degrees C) treatment induces the synthesis of at least 8 new proteins. This is accompanied by a drastic reduction in the synthesis of the normal proteins that in those synthesized prior to the shock. The localisation of these induced proteins has been studied by microdissection of the various intranuclear and intracellular compartments of salivary glands. While most of these have a ubiquitous distribution, one induced protein (34 000 Daltons) is exclusively localized in the nucleus. Another one (25 000 Daltons) is mainly concentrated in a particulate form which cosediments with ribosomes. Arsenite and anaerobiosis do not induce a heat shock mimicking response in Chironomus. The induction mechanisms as well as the transcriptional and translational controls operating during the heat shock response are discussed. PMID- 7005999 TI - Automobile inspection and maintenance programs: their role in reducing air pollution. AB - The development of Inspection and Maintenance Programs to control automobile emissions are one component of a comprehensive strategy to reduce automobile related air pollutants such as CO, NOX, and HC. Since the efficiency at which most motored vehicles are designed to limit pollutant emissions deteriorate with prolonged driving, an Inspection and Maintenance system is needed to restore the ability of the automobile to achieve its designed emission standards. Several types of approaches toward developing Inspection and Maintenance Programs in the U.S. including city, county, and state levels of organization and their effectiveness have been described. However, information on the efficiency of these approaches in achieving reductions in pollutant levels remain to be documented, as well as the cost effectiveness of such programs, and their acceptance by the public. In light of the important role that Inspection and Maintenance Programs have been projected to have in the U.S. in reducing automobile related air pollution, it is recommended that interdisciplinary research projects evaluating the multiple dimensions of Inspection and Maintenance Programs be initiated. PMID- 7006000 TI - Industrial monosulfhydryl hydrocarbon compounds-a toxicological and pharmacokinetic profile. AB - The relevant published toxicological and pharmacokinetic data on the effects of industrial monosulfhydryl hydrocarbon (MSHC) compounds in humans and animals have been reviewed. These compounds are of occupational and environmental exposure concern to humans because they are manufactured in significant quantities, widely used, and insufficiently studied for long-term exposure effects and epidemiology. Both human and animal exposure studies indicate that the inhalation of low molecular weight (C1-C8) compounds at high concentrations may produce severe central nervous system depression and respiratory paralysis. Short-term inhalation at microgram per liter concentrations does not cause any significant toxicity in humans, but the odors do cause environmental concern. Some delayed toxicity and mortality are seen after subchronic exposure in animals. Respiratory organs are significantly damaged by the inhalation of MSHC compounds, whereas some organ pathology is observed in the spleen, liver, and kidneys after oral and intraperitoneal administration. Dermal toxicity is observed for several high molecular weight compounds (> C8). Of all the compounds tested, monosulfhydrylbenzene is most injurious to the eyes, whereas other compounds cause moderate irritation. Major detoxication products of MSHC compounds are carbon dioxide and urinary inorganic sulfate. Methylation and oxidation are the major pathways for detoxication, with the lungs and kidneys being major organ routes of excretion. PMID- 7005998 TI - The role of high risk groups in the derivation of Environmental Health standards. PMID- 7006005 TI - [Non-hormone-secreting malignant neoplasms of the pancreas]. PMID- 7006004 TI - [Atherosclerosis and diabetes. Hepatic synthesis of lipids]. PMID- 7006001 TI - [Anesthesia in patients with porphyria]. PMID- 7006002 TI - [Endocrine response to anesthetic and surgical stress]. PMID- 7006003 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cardiac liver]. PMID- 7006006 TI - [Use of the peritoneo-atrial shunt in the treatment of ascites]. PMID- 7006007 TI - [Emergency treatment and phalloides poisoning: New prospects concerning the kinetics of Amanita toxins in man]. PMID- 7006008 TI - [The lung in systemic malignant hemolymphopathies. I. Introductory study: outline of the current status of the subject and review of the literature]. PMID- 7006010 TI - [The pathology of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7006009 TI - [Current trends in peripheral reflex regulation of cardiocirculatory function during muscular exercise]. PMID- 7006011 TI - [Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Current physiopathological and therapeutic concepts]. PMID- 7006012 TI - [Physiopathology, anatomo-clinical aspects and diagnostic problems in nephropathy caused by ionic disorders]. PMID- 7006013 TI - [Distal splenorenal anastomosis in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 7006014 TI - [Endocrine exophthalmos. New nosological proposal and current therapeutic trends]. PMID- 7006015 TI - [Evaluation of the serum lysozyme level as a further parameter for predicting hematological tolerance in patients treated with cytostatic chemotherapy. Study of 134 cases]. PMID- 7006016 TI - [Experiences in using an electronic tutorial device for teaching students with severe motor impairments (author's transl)]. AB - Named "Profi 2", a device has been developed that is the first to enable even students with very severe motor impairments to cope independently with learning material on practically all subjects. The student operates the device by means of a single, and individually adaptable, motion sensor, and, without the teacher, therapist or similar personnel having to be present, receives continual feedback information as to the correctness of how he is proceeding. Additionally, the student's individual steps are stored in order to enable subsequent evaluation to be carried out by the teacher or therapist. The micro-computer component including the capacity to discriminate between voluntary and involuntary movement, impairment-related unintentional activation is practically ruled out. PMID- 7006018 TI - Eating, affects, and the regulation of body weight. PMID- 7006017 TI - The aberrant reproductive endocrinology of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7006020 TI - Effect of Escherichia coli O78 endotoxin on plasma lipids in the domestic fowl. AB - The injection of fasting nine- to 10-week-old chickens with endotoxin from a pathogenic avian strain of Escherichia coli (1 mg/kg iv) reduced the triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid content of the plasma 2 to 5 h afterwards. This effect was similar to that of an E coli infection and opposite to that produced in mammals. There was a transient rise in the cholesterol level within the first hour. PMID- 7006019 TI - Factors affecting the absorption of ampicillin administered intramuscularly in dwarf goats. AB - In nine healthy dwarf goats there were significantly higher serum concentrations of ampicillin after it was injected into the lateral neck muscles than after it was injected into the thigh. During fever, induced with Escherichia coli endotoxin, the rate of absorption of ampicillin from shivering muscles was faster, resulting in significantly higher serum concentrations of the antibiotic than in control non-febrile goats. PMID- 7006022 TI - Effects of pesticides on nontarget organisms. PMID- 7006021 TI - Environmental and metabolic transformations of primary aromatic amines and related compounds. PMID- 7006024 TI - Microbial agents as insecticides. PMID- 7006023 TI - Conjugation of foreign chemicals by animals. PMID- 7006025 TI - The blood volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system following open heart surgery. AB - The circulating blood volume changes, plasma electrolytes, aldosterone as well as plasma-renin-activity (PRA) were studied in 14 patients following open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and in 14 patients following cardiac surgery without CPB. In both the groups a postoperative decrease of circulating blood volume was observed. This decrease occurred in spite of the positive fluid balance, and so a shift of fluid from vascular to extravascular compartment was likely. In the bypass group the plasma aldoserone level rose immediately after the operation and reached the peak on the first postoperative day. In the non bypass group the aldosterone level started to fall after the operation, and reached the lowest level on the third postoperative day. The pattern of the postoperative PRA changes was almost identical with the aldosterone level changes in both the groups studied, which suggests that the activation of renin angiotensin-aldosterone axis might be responsible for the observed plasma aldosterone changes. PMID- 7006031 TI - [Current status of human renal transplantation]. PMID- 7006027 TI - [Cortisonoid sparing with the aid of sodium diclofenac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7006032 TI - [Clear liquid pleural effusion]. PMID- 7006029 TI - [Bacteriologic diagnosis of beta-hemolytic streptococci of the rhinopharynx]. PMID- 7006026 TI - [Recent topics in pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006028 TI - [Sharp's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006030 TI - [Home checking of blood glucose levels]. PMID- 7006033 TI - [Oral manifestations of various bullous dermatoses]. PMID- 7006035 TI - [Detection and assay of antitetanus antibodies by an immunoenzymatic method]. AB - We report here a sandwich immunoenzymatic assay to detect and determine the amount of antibodies against tetanus toxoid. The procedure used for coating the polystyrene microplates allows the measurement of antibodies in undiluted serum, in one hour. 1100 sera and 80 plasmas were tested. These results show the reproductibility of this simple and automated method. An objective quantification and a rapid screening of sera containing 4 IU/ml or more of antitoxin by direct observation or by measuring the optical density are possible. PMID- 7006036 TI - [Purpose and methods of blood replacement therapy. Transfusion of red cells and bone marrow]. PMID- 7006037 TI - [Post-transfusional malaria: a case of double infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae]. PMID- 7006038 TI - [The portal system and the hepatic, splenic and superior mesenteric arteries in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Angiographic study]. PMID- 7006034 TI - [Analysis of results in studies on anti-erythrocyte auto-sensitization in 2400 patients]. AB - The authors report their experience since 1970 in the laboratory investigation of anti-erythrocyte auto-immunization. 2400 tests were performed, and the positive results were divided into 2 groups: --341 patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test; --502 patients without positive direct antiglobulin test, but with various abnormalities: positive elution, increased titer of cold agglutinin, auto-agglutinability of protease treated red cells... The immunohaematological and etiological data are described for each group. It appears: --that there is no significant difference in etiological data between the two groups; --that the direct antiglobulin test is not sufficient in investigation of anti-erythrocyte auto-immunization, but some other immunohaematologic tests are indispensable. PMID- 7006039 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). Radiological aspects]. PMID- 7006040 TI - [Historical development of the electrocardiography]. PMID- 7006041 TI - Current results in the clinical therapy of schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 7006042 TI - An experimental model for study the effects of uridine and inosine on renal circulation and function in the rat. AB - The effects of uridine and inosine on blood pressure, renal plasma flow (RPF), intrarenal blood distribution, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum and urine electrolytes were investigated in the rat. Uridine constantly produced an elevation in blood pressure, an increase in RPF and an even greater rise in GFR, resulting in a significant increase in FF which was due to a prevalent constriction of the efferent arterioles. Inosine produced a short-lived pressor effect followed by a more prolonged fall of blood pressure. RPF and GFR increased significantly and a smilar extent so that there was no charge in FF. It is suggested that these two substances may be involved in the vasomotor control of the kidneys. PMID- 7006044 TI - Behaviour of insulin antibodies in diabetics treated with different insulins. AB - Determinations of insulin antibodies in 116 insulin-dependent diabetics treated successively with various types on insulin and in a group of 55 diabetics who received a single insulin type from the onset of the disease, revealed higher titers in those under treatment with conventional insulins, particularly Insulin Novo Lente. The mean titer of insulin antibodies is considered to be related to the insulin demands and sometimes to the length of disease. The presence of antibodies was also recorded after administration of highly purified insulins, but much more seldom and with lower titers, which could be an argument for a wider utilization of such products. PMID- 7006043 TI - [Physician among aviators]. PMID- 7006045 TI - [Histological effects of the treatment of osteoporosis with the combination of sodium fluoride, vitamin D and calcium]. AB - A histomorphometric and dynamic study of non-decalcified transiliac biopsies was carried out in 51 cases of osteoporosis who had received double marking with tetracycline before and after two years treatment with association of sodium fluoride (50 mg/day) vitamin, D2 (8,000 IU/day) and calcium (1 g/day). The main effect of fluoride is an increase in the osteoblastic population, which is shown by an increase in the osteoid parameters. The osteoid volume is multiplied by 3,6, the osteoid surfaces by 2,4, and the index of osteoid thickness by 1,2. There exists a lesser increase in the reabsorption surfaces (X 1,2). There results a very significant increase in bony trabecular volume, the average value of which increase from 9,8 +/- 3,1% to 16,6 +/- 9.3% (X 1,8; p < 0.001). These results were found again both in apparently primary osteoporosis and in secondary osteoporosis. No significant depression was noted in the rate of calcification, but six patients developed a state of histological osteomalacia associated in 5 cases with an increased calcified volume. All these results are in good agreement with those of the world literature and indicate that fluoride is able in most cases (60%) to restore normal bones in osteoporosis with reduced risk of fracture. PMID- 7006046 TI - [Cortisone-induced osteonecrosis: knowledge acquired from observations in man and comparison with the results of animal experimentation]. AB - Aseptic osteonecrosis is observed in 25% of cases after renal transplantation. This etiological variety of osteonecrosis is unusual in that it is frequently bilateral and has multiple localisations. Apart from the classical radiological signs, attention in attracted by isolated images of osteocondensation in the metaphyses and/or the diaphyses suggesting massive bony infarction and the appearances of fatigue fractures observed frequently (14%). In 43% of cases, the obvious necrosis was proceeded by early bone pain, around the 7 th day, during massive administration of corticosteroids in the prevention or cure of graft resection. This finding suggested to us that the best time to observe ischemia of the bone or marrow is very early and led us to undertake an experimental study in the rabbit. Two series of New Zealand White rabbits were treated with massive doses of corticosteroid and sacrificed between the 3rd and the 21st day. The treated animals presented an early peak of hyperlipemia from the 7th day onwards, and diffuse lesions of hepatic and renal steatosis. Fat emboli associated with appearances of parietal thrombosis were observed in most cases. In the same animals, there were also appearances of stage I or stage II necrosis. Referring to the description of bone marrow necrosis in stages by Arlet and Ficat, there was observed in all the series, a frequency of marrow lesions of all stages much higher in treated animals (16 out of 20) than in controls. Only one lesion of stage I was observed in controls; the difference was highly significant. (0,000001 < p < 0,00001). If one only considers necroses of stage II and III (10/20 in the treated group nil in controls) the frequency was still significant p < 0.001. The preliminary results of the fixation of tetracycline are reported. PMID- 7006047 TI - [Societe Francaise de Rhumatologie. Members]. PMID- 7006050 TI - Secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in man. PMID- 7006048 TI - [Results and current objectives of Austro-Germano-Swiss working group for maxillary and facial tumors (DOSAK) (author's transl)]. AB - The author describes the creation and field of activity of the Austro-Germano Swiss working group for maxillary and facial tumors (DOSAK). The first problem discussed by the group was that of the comparison of therapeutic results in epitheliomas of the buccal mucosa, based on the classification established by the U.I.C.C. (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer) in 1973. The objective of DOSAK is to select the statistically confirmed best therapeutic protocols by conducting comparative clinical trials in several centres. PMID- 7006051 TI - Potential and problems with the clinical use of heparin. PMID- 7006049 TI - [Continuous education]. PMID- 7006052 TI - Full dose heparinisation rather by continuous or discontinuous heparin infusion or by subcutaneous administration. PMID- 7006053 TI - Low-dose heparin - present status and future trends. PMID- 7006054 TI - The influence of tissue source, salt and molecular weight and heparin activity. PMID- 7006055 TI - Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia induced by heparin. PMID- 7006056 TI - An epidemic of acute viral hepatitis in male homosexuals. Etiology and clinical characteristics. AB - Among 130 male patients admitted during a 30-month period with acute hepatitis in the Copenhagen Clinic for Infectious Diseases, 31 were homosexuals. Hepatitis B virus occurred in an endemic fashion in the homosexual subpopulation while hepatitis A infection caused a small epidemic among homosexuals during the winter 1977-78. The course of these infections showed no serological or clinical differences from the findings in 38 heterosexual male patients seen during the same period. PMID- 7006057 TI - Viral hepatitis in a venereal clinic population. Relation to certain risk factors. AB - In the present survey 3 groups of patients were studied: 95 homosexual males, 117 heterosexual males and 68 females attending clinics for venereal diseases in Copenhagen. 10 cases of hepatitis B infection were found, all in homosexual males. Chronic carriership of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) was demonstrated in 8 and 5 cases, respectively and liver biopsy showed chronic liver disease in 5 out of the 8 former. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B antibody was significantly higher in all patient groups than in the general population in the area. Two patients had non-B hepatitis, 1 homosexual male and 1 female, but the prevalence rate of hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) was not increased in the venereal clinic population. The serological tests identified certain high risk groups regarding hepatitis B infection: (1) homosexual males > 25 years with anti-HAV and a high promiscuity; and (2) heterosexual males and females > 25 years with a past history of venereal disease and clinical hepatitis. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that sexual transmission plays an important role in the spread of hepatitis B infection. It is recommended that routine serological tests for hepatitis be taken in the high risk groups of venereal clinic populations. PMID- 7006058 TI - An epidemic of type B viral hepatitis: its course and outcome. AB - Between June and August, 1977 there was a small epidemic of type B viral hepatitis in a market town in South-East England during which 4 people developed acute hepatitis. Their close friends and contacts were all negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at this time. One year later, in July 1978, 3 of the original 4 patients were available for follow-up. All were HBsAg negative but hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive. Two had disturbed liver function tests and chronic persistent hepatitis on liver biopsy. Also at this time 2 of the original contacts were found to show evidence, from the serum markers, of previous infection by the type B virus. Both had abnormal liver function tests and showed chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy. A further subject was identified who had had an overt hepatitis 1 year previously and who also showed evidence of continuing liver disease. The origin of the epidemic and its spread through the group were identified. The varying modes of transmission, and the variation in clinical picture and sequelae are discussed. The importance of anti-HBc as a marker of hepatitis B virus infection is emphasised. PMID- 7006059 TI - Rabies exposure among Norwegian missionaries working abroad. AB - Based on the results of an inquiry among 296 Norwegian missionaries and Foreign Aid workers, we present some observations on the present rabies situation in several African countries, India and Bangladesh, Equador and Bolivia. Traditionally these countries receive a large proportion of our missionaries and Foreign Aid personnel. The incidence of rabies varies considerably in the areas covered by this investigation. When calculated for the mean length of stay (4 to 5 years) the average rating of physical exposure to proven or suspected rabies was 16% per household and 7% per individual household member. The risk of exposure was higher with children (10%) than adults (6%). the family dog equalled the stray dog as the source of suspected infection. Of the 48 persons who had been recommended post-exposure vaccination two thirds had only tended or been licked by the offending animal. However, in such animals the ratio of proven or highly probable rabies to non-proven or unknown diagnosis was 2:1. The rabies situation was considered as a minor factor of psychic stress by two thirds of the responding persons, even in highly epizootic countries. The results of this study may be of some value in the process of forming a policy for pre-exposure prophylaxis against rabies for people who are going to stay for a prolonged period of time in these areas of the world. PMID- 7006060 TI - Relation between maternal urogenital carriage of group B streptococci and postmaturity and intrauterine asphyxia during delivery. AB - The obstetrical significance of maternal urogenital carriage of group B streptococci (GBS) was investigated in a prospective study comprising 799 parturients and their infants. 128 mothers were GBS carriers. Fetal heart rate recording showing abnormal baseline frequency and concomitant late decelerations during delivery were found in 6 infants born of GBS carriers (5%) and in 7 (1%) of non-carriers (P < 0.01). The pH of fetal blood was determined in 14 (11%) GBS carriers and in 53 (8%) non-carriers. 6/14 (43%) infants of GBS carriers had pH values below 7.20, in contrast to 4/53 (8%) of the non-carrier group (P < 0.01). Mothers of infants showing signs of intrauterine asphyxia had the same amount of antibodies to GBS as mothers of infants without signs of asphyxia. Among the GBS carriers, 11/128 (9%) were delivered later than the 42nd week of pregnancy. A smaller proportion of non-carriers, 21/671 (3%), were delivered postterm (P < 0.01). PMID- 7006061 TI - High isolation rate of Branhamella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in adults with acute laryngitis. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the nasopharynx in 55% of 40 noncompromised adult patients suffering from acute laryngitis. Diplococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were found in another 5 and 8%, respectively; one patient had group A streptococci in the throat specimen. In 90% of the patients the laryngitis complaints were preceded by symptoms of an acute respiratory tract infection. Two of the patients with B. catarrhalis showed a significant titre conversion against influenza B and parainfluenza type e virus, respectively. Attempts to isolate virus failed in all cases. The results indicate that B. catarrhalis, known to cause acute otitis media in small children and respiratory tract infections in adult compromised hosts, may be involved in the etiology of acute laryngitis in otherwise healthy adults. PMID- 7006062 TI - Cell-mediated immunity against Francisella tularensis after natural infection. AB - 31 subjects with tularemia recently or up to 11 years earlier were studied for cell-mediated immunity against Francisella tularensis using formalin-killed bacteria as antigen in the lymphocyte blast transformation test. Lymphocytes from all the subjects responded to F. tularensis antigen both in separated mononuclear cell and whole blood cultures, whereas lymphocytes from 12 controls responded not at all or only weakly to hig antigen concentrations and only in separated mononuclear cell cultures. The strength of the response remained on the same level as in the cases of recent infection up to 11 years. There was no correlation between the lymphocyte responses and the serum antibodies agglutinating F.l tularensis antigen. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin equally stimulated the cells from the tularemia and control subjects. The lymphocyte stimulation methods can bae used to diagnose infections caused by F. tularensis and to measure cell-mediated immunity and resistance against such infections. PMID- 7006063 TI - Antibiotic resistance patterns of coliform bacteria isolated from food. AB - 308 strains of coliform bacteria isolated from food of various origin were identified and their resistance patterns were studied. The strains belonged to 10 different species and Escherichia coli was the most common. Coliforms isolated from samples incubated at 44 degrees C were more often identified as E. coli than coliforms isolated from samples incubated at 37 degrees C. Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. taken together were, on the contrary, mor often isolated at 37 degrees C than at 44 degrees C. E. coli was most frequently isolated from raw meat and egg products. Klebsiella dn Enterobacter spp. more often in other types of products. 54% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the 9 antibiotics tested. Resistance to nitrofurantoin and sulphaisodimidine was most frequent (30 and 25% respectively). No strain resistant to streptomycin, neomycin or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole was registered. 40% of the resistant strains were multiresistant. The lowest number of resistant strains was recorded from custards and desserts and from raw meat products (42 and 46% respectively) and the highest from ice-cream (89%). Multiresistant strains were recorded most frequently from pasteurized milk products, custards and desserts. None of the 66 multiresistant strains tested could transfer the resistance to E. coli in vitro. The results do not indicate that food of animal origin in Sweden represents a source for bacteria with transferable resistance determinants. PMID- 7006064 TI - Antibiotic assays in muscle: are conventional tissue levels misleading as indicator of the antibacterial activity? AB - Concentrations of ampicillin and cefuroxime in serum and muscle were studied in rabbits following a single intramuscular injection of 25 mg/kg. Simultaneous measurements were performed in whole muscle tissue pieces and in muscle tissue fluid obtained by implantation of cotton threads under the muscle fascia. The concentrations in the tissue fluid showed only a short time lag to thea serum levels. However, levels in whole muscle were substantially lower than the corresponding concentrations in muscle tissue fluid, indicating that the antibiotics were not evenly distributed within the tissue. The whole muscle tissue levels seriously underestimated, by a factor of approximately 5 times, the actual antibiotic concentrations in the extracellular fluid, where the microorganisms causing soft tissue infections are most likely to be found. PMID- 7006065 TI - A suppurative ovarian cyst in pregnancy due to Salmonella typhi. AB - A 23-year-old primigravida with suppurative ovarian dermoid cyst due to Salmonella typhi is presented. The organism could not be isolated from the blood, faeces or urine and it was felt that the patient was an example of non-excretory carrier in whom S. typhi was lying dormant in the ovarian tissue for a long time. PMID- 7006066 TI - Pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: the first imported case in Finland. AB - The first imported case of legionnaires' disease in Finland is reported. A 64 year-old woman fell ill 1 day after returning from a holiday in mallorca. Chest film revealed a bronchopneumonic infiltrate; however, the patient had no respiratory symptoms at all during her illness. The course of disease was benign, possibly due to early onset of treatment with erythromycin. PMID- 7006068 TI - [Psychiatric institution, medical ideology and the chronification of disease]. AB - The author examines some aspects of the history of psychiatry in order to show that psychiatry follows the path traced by the ideology of medicine. The psychiatric hospital was, and continues to be, the place in which psychic suffering is transformed into an "organic" disease; and where the symptom alteration of behaviour, is still referred to as a "lesion", even though, after one and a half century of research, this idea has not yet been proved. Today, as yesterday, the term "endogenous" is correctly used to indicate major mental diseases; this is a term indicating that we know nothing about the origin of these diseases. However, psychiatry behaves as though it knew. Psychiatrists formulate diagnoses, implement organic therapies, prescribe drugs and reconfirm a nosology which should be seriously reconsidered. In other words, psychiatry continues to be the field of ideological transformation, of the social into the biological, as well as the field of biological justification for mechanisms of social exclusion. PMID- 7006067 TI - Pathophysiological and clinical aspects concerning the renin-angiotensin system and the body sodium content in renal and postrenal-transplant hypertension in humans. PMID- 7006069 TI - Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized double-blind study. AB - A double-blind, cross-over trial compared the antiinflammatory and analgesic effects as well as tolerability of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and ibuprofen. Twenty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis were included. A single-blind placebo period was inserted between the two active treatments. The daily dose of diclofenac sodium was 50 mg bid and that of ibuprofen 400 mg tid. The duration of each treatment period was 14 days. The efficacy was measured by the following criteria: Articular index (Lansbury), morning stiffness, fatigue, pain (measured on a visual analogue scale), consumption of rescue-analgesics, status of the arthritic condition, and patient preference. No significant differences were found between diclofenac sodium and ibuprofen, but regarding consumption of analgesic, global evaluation, rheumatic activity, and activity index, a slight trend towards a better effect of diclofenac sodium was found. The study had an adequate sensitivity as it could distinguish placebo from the active treatments for all parameters evaluated. No patient was withdrawn for unwanted effects. None of the laboratory data showed abnormalities of clinical relevance. PMID- 7006070 TI - Postinfective or reactive arthritis. PMID- 7006071 TI - [Incidence of hepatitis virus infections and diseases in travelers returning from the tropics]. AB - Travellers' hepatitis has been investigated by comparing clinical and serological data. The histories of 876 persons examined after their return from tropical countries were analysed for type, location, and length of stay abroad, prophylactic administration of gamma-globulin and past hepatitis. In addition to clinical investigations, 528 of the patients underwent radioimmunoassays for hepatitis markers. HBs antigen was detected in 1.1%, anti-HBs antibodies in 14.2%, and anti-HA antibodies in 37.3% of the patients. The prevalence of anti-HA antibodies increased with age, but the mean value for those over 20 years was only 8% above the mean for the corresponding age groups of Swiss residents. Significant differences in prevalence of anti-HA antibodies were only observed in persons who had stayed in the tropics for more than 5 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was 2-3 times higher in persons returning from the tropics than in volunteer Swiss blood donors. Contrary to hepatitis A, the hepatitis B markers were related neither to age nor to the length of stay abroad. Patient's histories and serological tests revealed a high frequency of unapparent infections, i.e. 74% of hepatitis A and 88% of hepatitis B infections. Acute viral hepatitis was newly diagnosed in 17 out of the 2032 tropical patients who consulted us during 1979. The yearly incidence of hepatitis in this population was thus 8.5%, which is about 10 times higher than that estimated for the Swiss population as a whole. Only 5 of the 17 cases showed hepatitis of type A. One third of the cases were anicteric. The study clearly shows the importance of non A hepatitis among travellers. In consequence, questions arise as to the prophylactic use of gamma-globulin and the epidemiology of traveller's hepatitis. PMID- 7006073 TI - [Influenza vaccination with a trivalent whole virus vaccine]. AB - During winter 1979/80 21 trainee nurses aged 18-22 years were vaccinated once with an intact influenza vaccine containing for the first time, two different virus-A subtypes as well as a B-strain. 22 trainee nurses from the same school served as controls. A greater than or equal to 4-fold seroconversion (2 dilution steps) was observed in 67% (A/Texas/77), 83% (A/USSR/77) and 57% (B/Hongkong/73) of the vaccinated, but only in 5% (A/Texas/77, one case) of the non-vaccinated. In the vaccinated group 36 reciprocal titers rose from < 80 to greater than or equal to 80 so that, with 3 exceptions (A/USSR/77, all vaccinees had a reciprocal titer of greater than or equal to 80 after 28 days. In the unvaccinated group only 3 reciprocal titers rose from < 80 to greater than or equal to 80 (A/Texas/77), so that 42 reciprocal titers were still below 80 after 28 days. PMID- 7006072 TI - [When should stable maturity-onset diabetics be switched to insulin?]. AB - All 11 maturity-onset diabetics (age 55 to 79 years) switched from oral hypoglycemics to insulin during one year in our department, even though metabolically stable, have been followed up. The main reason for the change was a diminished sense of well-being combined with relatively ill-defined symptoms such as declining physical performance, fatigue, dizziness and pain in the legs. None of the patients was ketoacidotic and the 24-hour glucosuria was less than 15 g, although the average fasting blood sugar was markedly elevated to 296 mg/dl. After 6 months on insulin the 24-hour glucosuria had not changed but the fasting blood sugar had dropped to 183 mg/dl. This was accompanied by an improved sense of well-being (as measured by an analog scale) and by disappearance of the symptoms mentioned above. Even though 9 of the 11 patients were initially reluctant to change to insulin, all 11 were still on this drug after 6 months. The authors recommend broadening the indications for insulin therapy in stable adult-onset diabetics, particular attention being paid to vague symptoms such as fatigue and decreased physical performance. PMID- 7006074 TI - [Isolated erythroid aplasia during immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine after kidney transplantation]. AB - The case is presented of a 40-year-old man with pure red cell aplasia which developed 4 years after institution of azathioprine therapy for renal transplantation. The patient recovered 5 1/2 months after substitution of cyclophosphamide for azathioprine. PMID- 7006075 TI - [Effects of subcutaneous insulin infusions on the metabolic regulation in unstable diabetics]. PMID- 7006077 TI - [Goiter, hyperthyroidism and iodine treatment. Homage to Jean-Francois Coindet of Geneva]. PMID- 7006079 TI - [Protection against ascending pyelonephritis by means of preventive aminoglucoside administration]. AB - Accumulated and persistent gentamicin in the kidney, when given prophylactically, affords protection against ascending obstructive E. coli pyelonephritis. Similar protection was observed after administration of tobramycin, netilmicine and amikacin, aminoglucoside antibiotics that accumulate to varying degrees in the renal parenchyma. PMID- 7006078 TI - [The regulation of plasma aldosterone in hemodialysis patients]. AB - The role of potassium in regulating plasma aldosterone has been studied in 7 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone, cortisol, sodium and potassium, and total potassium loss were measured before and after two sessions of dialysis in each patient. The only difference between the two sessions was the potassium content of the dialysate (4 mmol/l versus l mmol/l). Plasma potassium, potassium pool and plasma aldosterone decreased significantly when the patients were dialyzed with a l mmol/l K bath. In contrast, the same parameters remained unchanged when the patients were dialyzed with a 4 mmol/l K bath. Irrespective of the dialysate used, there were no differences either in changes in body weight and PRA, or in plasma sodium and cortisol levels, before and after dialysis. In conclusion, in patients with end-stage renal disease, potassium predominates over PRA and volume depletion in the regulation of plasma aldosterone. PMID- 7006080 TI - Paradox and partnership. The engineer's contribution to medicine. PMID- 7006076 TI - [Improvement in the treatment of diabetes by means of a portable insulin-infusion apparatus. Preliminary results in 4 unstable juvenile diabetics]. AB - Four type 1 diabetics, 10 to 21 years after onset of diabetes and with no detectable levels of plasma C-peptide, were kept on intravenous insulin for 4 months by a portable open-loop insulin infusion system (Siemens, Germany). Using this system, a constant basal rate of insulin was continuously infused into the superior vena cava. During meals additional insulin was delivered for one hour. The patients went home after a few days on the ward, during which time the doses of insulin (basal and extra rates) were established. All four patients maintained the same diet, went to work and continued their personal habits as before. Blood sugar (Glucoquant) and glucosuria (Clinitest) were regularly controlled before, during and after this period. During long-term ambulatory treatment with the insulin pump improved metabolic control was achieved, as shown by lower mean blood glucose values, decreased urinary glucose excretion and by lowering of hemoglobin AIc. All four patients felt well and the number of complications, all technical, was relatively small. PMID- 7006081 TI - Medical decisions. AB - In relation to the application of decision theory to medical problems, a description is given of the terms 'probability', 'utility' and 'coherence'. The use of utilities is illustrated by comparing the outcomes of various methods of palliating terminal renal failure. The use of Bayes' theorem in incorporating additional information is described. Reference is made to specific clinical applications of mathematical methods. Some general comments are made on the way in which clinical and other medical decisions are reached. PMID- 7006082 TI - Lectins of distinct specificity in Rhodnius prolixus interact selectively with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Lectins of different activities were found in the crop, midgut, and hemolymph of the insect Rhodnius prolixus. These were not specific for N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and alpha- and beta-galactose, respectively. Lectin receptors were detectable in epimastigote but not in trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite of the insect and of humans. PMID- 7006083 TI - Synthetic oligopeptide substrates: their diagnostic application in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and other pathologic states. PMID- 7006084 TI - Anemia and iron kinetics in alcoholism. PMID- 7006085 TI - Hematologic complications of alcoholism: overview. PMID- 7006088 TI - A simple approach to full dentures. PMID- 7006087 TI - The psychogenic purpuras: a review of autoerythrocyte sensitization, autosensitization to DNA, "hysterical" and factitial bleeding, and the religious stigmata. PMID- 7006090 TI - Reflections of the regional geography of disease in late colonial South Asia. PMID- 7006089 TI - Perspectives on season of suicide: a review. PMID- 7006091 TI - Variolation and vaccination in South Asia, c. 1700-1865: a preliminary note. PMID- 7006086 TI - Bleeding due to vascular disorders. PMID- 7006094 TI - Surgery for morbid obesity: indications, complications, alternatives. AB - Morbid obesity (100 pounds over ideal body weight) carries with it numerous medical complications and increased mortality which can be improved by weight loss. Medical treatment of obesity is usually not successful, and jejunoileal bypass surgery often produces considerable chronic morbidity which seriously compromises its benefits. Gastric bypass is equally effective and avoids the most severe long-term complications of jejunoileal bypass, but has a higher operative morbidity. Gastric plication will perhaps offer the least operative and chronic morbidity, though few long-term statistics are as yet available. PMID- 7006093 TI - Immunity and skin cancer. AB - Observations in humans and animal studies support the theory that immunologic surveillance plays an important role in limiting the development of skin malignancies. These immune responses undergo progressive diminution with age. In addition, other factors, such as bereavement, poor nutrition, and acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, can further diminish immune mechanisms. We believe these decreases in immune function in combination with the carcinogenic effect of ultraviolet light are important in the production of skin cancers. PMID- 7006092 TI - Nutritional aspects of urolithiasis. AB - Although there is much concern about the relationship between vitamin C consumption and oxalate or uric acid lithiasis in the urinary tract, there is no controlled clinical study that demonstrates this occurrence. Equal concern should be accorded the other nutritional links to urinary lithiasis, since it is very unlikely that vitamin C or any one of the other factors is ever the sole cause of a kidney stone. The rare persons who, because of an altered metabolism, convert much of the ingested vitamin C into oxalic acid constitute the only high-risk category. If the other known nutritional variables were also investigated in these metabolically crippled persons, it might be possible to reduce or eliminate their risk from the intake of vitamin C. PMID- 7006096 TI - Gross hematuria caused by ureteral remnant hemorrhage in a renal transplant recipient. AB - In our case of gross hematuria in a renal transplant recipient, the source of bleeding was identified as the patient's own right ureteral remnant. We have discussed the significance of autologous ureteral hemorrhage in regard to diagnosis, clinical implications, and management. PMID- 7006095 TI - Hepatic abscess resulting from asymptomatic diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. AB - I have described a case of pyogenic liver abscess secondary to completely asymptomatic diverticulitis. Because extensive diverticulitis may be present with minimal or no clinical symptoms, it should be strongly considered as the cause when dealing with a so-called "cryptogenic" liver abscess, and treatment should be planned accordingly. PMID- 7006099 TI - Microcomputers in special schools. PMID- 7006098 TI - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis. A preliminary report. AB - Twenty of 26 consecutive patients with sciatica caused by myelographically proven disc protrusions who were treated by chemonucleolysis with chymopapain made useful recovery. There were no major complications attributable to the procedure. Certain diagnostic and clinical criteria are described which appear to be important in producing a favorable result following chemonucleolysis. PMID- 7006097 TI - Neurologic deficits secondary to spinal deformity. A review of the literature and report of 43 cases. AB - Forty-three cases of neurologic complications of untreated spinal deformities are reviewed. Kyphosis, averaging 95 degrees, was present in all but one patient. The most common deformity was a congenital kyphosis, present in 17 patients. The complication was more common in males, in the presence of thoracic deformities, and in the second decade. Treatment consisted of anterior spinal cord decompression in 25 patients, laminectomy in ten, Capener decompression in six, correction and fusion in five, and Hyndman-Schneider decompression in three. Laminectomy gave the worst results; six of ten patients who received this treatment showed deterioration. Anterior cord decompression gave the best results, with 16 of 25 showing improvement. A treatment plan for this complication is proposed. A plea for prevention is made, as it is far preferable to avoid this dreaded complication by early fusion of kyphotic problems. PMID- 7006100 TI - [Current status of radiological biliary tract diagnosis]. PMID- 7006101 TI - [New radiological procedures in the technical literature]. PMID- 7006102 TI - [Immunoassay, a new generation of laboratory methods]. PMID- 7006104 TI - A hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7006103 TI - What did our forefathers eat? PMID- 7006105 TI - Factors contributing to a reduction in anaesthetic mortality. AB - A substantial improvement in anaesthetic mortality has been noted at Coronation Hospital; the reasons for this are discussed. The factors considered include lethal circumstances associated with the use of suxamethonium and fentanyl; improved ventilation monitoring and postanaesthetic surveillance; a technique in the resuscitation of bleeding patients aimed at conserving the intravascular contents; and the management of dehydrated patients. The dangers associated with the induction of anaesthesia in a head-up position are considered and alternated means are suggested. PMID- 7006107 TI - Combination of radiosensitizers and hyperthermia in tumour radiotherapy. AB - Specific metabolic properties of hypoxic (and therefore radio-resistant) tumour cells are responsible for the selective effect of radiosensitizers (such as misonidazole) and hyperthermia upon these cells in respect of radiosensitization as well as cytotoxicity. Radiosensitizers and hyperthermia should therefore be used to improve the results of tumour radiotherapy; enhancement ratios of 2-4 have already been attained experimentally with this combined treatment. In spite of these good results, certain problems exist, and up to now the combination of radiosensitizers and hyperthermia has not been used to any great extent for tumours in humans. PMID- 7006106 TI - Musicogenic epilepsy. AB - Musicogenic epilepsy is a form of temporal lobe epilepsy, and belongs to the group of reflex epilepsies. Convulsions are generally triggered by a specific passage of music. It is not as rare as is generally assumed, and physicians and neurologists were aware of the condition as early as the latter part of the 19th century. Many of its sufferers have above-average musicality. In some patients autonomic manifestations are conspicuous, but their role as preciptation factors is not clear. Electro-encephalographic studies have shown conclusively that musicogenic epilepsy is not hysterical. Most but not all of its victims respond well to anti-ictal medication. Psychotherapy has a place in the treatment of some patients. PMID- 7006108 TI - Hepatitis B virus-associated liver disease after renal transplantation. AB - A retrospective analysis of the first 200 recipients of renal transplants at the Johannesburg Hospital showed that 23 (11,5%) were chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a further 10 (5%) had previously been exposed to the virus as evidenced by detectable concentrations of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen in their serum. In no patient did graft function appear to suffer as a result of chronic HBV infection. However, 7 of the patients with hepatitis B surface antigenaemia had biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction. In 3 of these patients liver tissue was examined histologically; 2 had a macronodular cirrhosis and 1 chronic persistent hepatitis. One further patient developed acute fulminant B virus hepatitis and was the only one who died of liver failure in either group. Chronic infection with HBV may cause liver disease in renal transplant recipients, and strict techniques to limit the spread of the virus in renal transplant and dialysis units should continue to be enforced. PMID- 7006110 TI - Current concepts of rape victim management. AB - Recommendations for the psychological and medical management of the rape victim are made, as are recommendations on the gathering of medicolegal evidence. The practitioner is a key figure in prevention of secondary victimization. The use of ancillary personnel is recommended. PMID- 7006109 TI - [Pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas) and amenorrhea-galactorrhea]. AB - The syndrome of amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea has been known for years, but new diagnostic methods opened up a new approach to the treatment of patients with this syndrome. Whether the increasing awareness of hyperprolactinaemia is due only to the impact of these newer diagnostic methods, or whether there is an increasing incidence due to modern civilization, is unsettled. The clinical picture is variable and therefore a high-risk group should be delineated, namely those patients with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and hyperprolactinaemia. Since this condition responds very well to treatment with bromergocriptine, and since there is a 5% (micro-adenomas) - 35% incidence of tumour extension during pregnancy, this high-risk group should be scrutinzed for a possible pituitary adenoma. The treatment of pituitary adenomas is at the present stage best labelled as an emotional matter, more particularly for micro-adenomas. This is certainly so for the patient not interested in pregnancy. The long-term outcome in patients with hyperprolactinaemia effectively treated with bromergocriptine is not known. The group with macro-odenomas interested in pregnancy should be treated by some form of destructive procedure. For the rest, the future will tell. PMID- 7006111 TI - Fifty years of training and competition in the marathon: Wally Hayward, age 70--a physiological profile. AB - A 70-year-old South African long-distance runner, holder of his age group's marathon record and former Olympic marathon runner, was studied to determine the effects of 52 years of regular training on functional capacity and health. Maximal treadmill exercise testing revealed no ischaemic ECG abnormalities and an excellent functional capacity (58,6 ml/kg/min). Submaximal testing showed that the subject ran at approximately 86% of maximum aerobic capacity when completing the marathon in his record time. The subject was very lean (13,6% fat) for his age. Muscles contained 82% slow-twitch fibres. Pulmonary function and blood chemical values were within normal limits. Although total cholesterol was somewhat high (247 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated (53 mg/dl). Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring revealed no significant ventricular ectopic activity although frequent premature atrial contractions were noted. M mode echocardiography revealed a normal heart with moderately hypertrophied left ventricular wall thickness. Radionuclide cine angiography showed a normal ejection fraction at rest (69%), followed by a slight drop at maximal exercise (62%). Left ventricular regional wall motion was considered normal at both rest and exercise. He had no significant orthopaedic abnormalities but showed normal flexibility and well-balanced muscular strength. Thickened heel pads were also noted. These results appear to indicate a beneficial effect of habitual physical activity upon the retention of functional capacity with ageing. PMID- 7006115 TI - A simple system for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of strains within the species. AB - A system of 10 agar plate tests allowed presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of up to 512 strain types within the species. The yeast isolates were tested for acid and salt tolerance, proteinase production, resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and safranine, and assimilation of urea, sorbose, citrate and glycine. Media were inoculated semiquantitatively with a multiple pronged device so that 55 yeasts and 5 reference strains could be printed on each plate at once. The results for the 9 strain differentiation tests were arranged in 3 groups to allow simple designation of types by 3-digit numbers. Mouth and vaginal samples from 85 patients and healthy volunteers yielded to 45 different strain types, of which types 153, 157 and 357 were the most prevalent. The reproducibility of the system was good, if attention was paid to the precision which the media were prepared and inoculated. The effect of test variables, including incubation temperature, medium pH and inoculum size, was assessed. Work is presently in progress to extend the system for presumptive identification of other clinically important Candida spp. and differentiation of their strain types. PMID- 7006112 TI - Bicitropeptide and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7006116 TI - The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. AB - One hundred consecutive female patients attending an inner-city clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases were evaluated for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis by history, physical examination, 0.85% NaCl wet mount, Papanicolaou smear, and culture. Of the 100 women, 54 were found to be harboring the parasite, as determined by one or more positive diagnostic tests. This prevalence corresponds with that reported previously. The information gained from the history (symptoms and phase of menstrual cycle) and physical examination correlated poorly with results of cultures for T. vaginalis; the organism was isolated more often than symptoms or physical findings would have indicated. Culture was the most sensitive of diagnostic techniques; 48 (89%) of the 54 patients were identified by this method. The Papanicolaou smear detected 35 infections (65%), and the 0.85% NaCl wet mount, 28 (59%). The simplest and most efficient technique for screening women for infection with T. vaginalis may be the Papanicolaou smear, since it is part of the annual physical examination. PMID- 7006113 TI - Variation in cell surface features of Candida albicans with respect to carbon sources. AB - Clinical isolates of C. albicans were grown in defined media with various carbon sources then examined by scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to note changes in cell surface features. The mode of budding, bud scar morphology, surface topography, and intercellular matrix varied according to the carbon source. PMID- 7006117 TI - Inhibition of Trichomonas vaginalis by fungi during associative growth. AB - In controlled studies of associative growth, Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata, but not Candida parapsilosis, inhibited the proliferation and eventually the viability of Trichomonas vaginalis. The inhibition patterns produced against the trichomonad by C. albicans or T. glabrata were observed with trichomonad-fungus inoculum ratios ranging from 230:1 to 1:100. The onset of inhibition of T. vaginalis by T. glabrata was immediate, whereas that of C. albicans began after incubation for 48 hr. Under routine clinical conditions, T. vaginalis was identified by a combination of direct microscopy and culture in specimens from 330 (19.5%) of 1,691 women with vaginal discharges who were examined. Trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from 49 of 53 vaginal discharge specimens that also contained C. albicans. Therefore, the qualitative results with clinical cultures did not confirm the inhibition of trichomonads by C. albicans as shown in quantitative studies of associative growth. This result indicates that with the routine clinical isolation procedures the use of an antifungal agent in medium for culture of T. vaginalis is not necessary. PMID- 7006120 TI - Establishment of Treponema pallidum as the etiologic agent in general paralysis. PMID- 7006121 TI - Preoperative and postoperative techniques in the prevention of pulmonary complications. PMID- 7006119 TI - Balanitis caused by group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. AB - A case of acute balanitis in an adult is described. Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci type 3 were recovered from an aspirate of the infected area and from the cervical canal of the patient's sexual consort. The patient and his consort were treated with oral ampicillin for ten days. After therapy the patient's infection cleared, and group B beta-hemolytic streptococci were not recovered from his consort. This case illustrates another aspect of disease due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci in adults. PMID- 7006118 TI - Cefuroxime compared with penicillin for the treatment of gonorrhea. AB - One hundred seventy-eight men and women with acute gonorrhea were treated by intramuscular administration of cefuroxime. Use of 1 g of cefuroxime plus 1 g of probenecid gave a cure rate of 95.5%, which compared well with that of a standard treatment of 5 x 10(6) units of intramuscularly administered benzyl penicillin plus 1 g of probenecid. The latter gave a cure rate of 97.2% in a concurrent series of 178 patients. A subsequent comparison of 163 patients who received 750 mg of cefuroxime plus 1 g of probenecid with 145 patients who received 1.5 g of cefuroxime alone showed cure rates of 95.1% and 97.2%, respectively. Only two cases of possible hypersensitivity to cefuroxime were found. It is concluded that cefuroxime is a valuable drug for single-session treatment of acute gonorrhea in both men and women. PMID- 7006114 TI - Reappearance of Sporothrix schenckii lesions after administration of Solu-Medrol R to infected cats. AB - In 10 of 34 adult cats infected with Sporothrix schenckii, demonstrable lesions healed spontaneously in 31 to 88 days after inoculation of the organism. None of 5 untreated cats developed additional visible lesions during the period of observation, nor were they positive for S. schenckii by culture at necropsy. Five animals were treated with Solu-Medrol R to determine if the apparent clinical cure was also accompanied by a mycological cure. Lesions reappeared at, or near, the site of the original lesions in 3 of the 5 treated cats from 4 to 6 months after the initial lesions healed. Fungi were cultured both from the regional lymph node and from exudate of the skin lesions. Thus, it appears that viable S. schenckii may be sequestered in tissues for at least 6 months without showing clinical evidence of their presence. Moreover, apparently "healed" lesions may be reactivated and progress to typical demonstrable skin lesions following immuno suppression. PMID- 7006122 TI - Prevention of pulmonary complications in high risk patients. PMID- 7006123 TI - The pathogenesis of respiratory failure after trauma and sepsis. PMID- 7006124 TI - Management of atelectasis and pneumonia. PMID- 7006126 TI - Ventilation: external regulation of the environment of the lung. PMID- 7006125 TI - Management of severe respiratory failure. PMID- 7006129 TI - Failure of gastric partitioning for morbid obesity. AB - Early failure of gastric partitioning for morbid obesity may result from staple disruption or stomal dilation. We believe suture reinforcement of the gastric staple line and stomal calibration are important in the prevention of this occurrence. PMID- 7006128 TI - An improved technique for end-to-side prosthetic graft anastomosis to medium or small sized vessels. PMID- 7006131 TI - Paraduodenal hernias. AB - Although congenital paraduodenal hernias are infrequently encountered clinically, a surgeon must have knowledge of their production and anatomic relationships in order to properly manage these patients. PMID- 7006130 TI - Cushing, Cutler and the mitral valve. AB - Because of the over-all excellent results in the correction of many cardiac disorders which have accrued during the past several years, it is easy to take for granted the long and often painful evolution of surgery of the heart. Experimental work on the creation of valvular lesions and attempts at their repair stem back for a century, although it took until the 1920's before a few intrepid surgeons considered such procedures for clinical use. It is of interest that early attempts on repair of mitral stenosis, both in laboratory animals and in patients, were undertaken by Cushing and Cutler, two surgical innovators who succeeded each other as Moseley Professors of Surgery at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. Such early efforts in surgical manipulation of the heart opened the way for the refinements of modern cardiac surgery that have become routine. PMID- 7006132 TI - Effect of isocaloric fat or glucose on albumin synthesis and nitrogen balance in patients receiving amino acid infusion. AB - Twelve patients who had undergone colon operations were randomized prospectively in the postoperative recovery room. Seven received a hypocaloric intravenous solution consisting of 3.5% amino acids plus 2.5% glucose and five received 3.5% amino acids plus 10% fat. Nitrogen balance data indicated that isocaloric amounts of glucose and fat seem equally effective when combined with amino acids. Although the albumin synthesis rates (measured by the 14C technique on the fourth postoperative day) were not significantly different between the two groups, when the results were included with pooled data from previous similar studies, there was a statistically significant difference which indicated a higher rate of albumin synthesis in patients who received the combination of amino acids and fat compared with those who received amino acids and glucose P < 0.05). In this clinical setting, fat may favor the uptake and synthesis of amino acids into visceral proteins, while glucose may have a more direct role in the synthesis of skeletal muscle protein. PMID- 7006133 TI - Mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of hemoglobin in experimental peritonitis. IV. The adjuvant effect of hemoglobin in granulocytopenic rats. AB - Intraperitoneal inocula of pure Escherichia coli do not produce lethal peritonitis unless adjuvant materials are present. We have previously presented evidence that hemoglobin acts as an adjuvant in experimental Escherichia coli peritonitis by interfering with antibacterial neutrophil function. The hypothesis was further tested in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and rats depleted of granulocytes by pretreatment with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Hemoglobin increased the lethality of Escherichia coli peritonitis in both neutropenic and normal rats. Furthermore, the early clearance of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity was equally depressed by hemoglobin in neutropenic and normal rats. We conclude that hemoglobin has some effect on intraperitoneal infections beyond its suppression of granulocyte function. This additional effect may represent interference with bacterial lymphatic absorption or peritoneal or systemic macrophage function or may be a manifestation of a nutritional effect of hemoglobin on bacterial growth. PMID- 7006134 TI - Effects of bone wax on bacterial clearance. AB - The hemostatic benefit of bone wax placed in cancellous bone occurs at the expense of the wax persisting at the bony site for years. As such, bone wax appears to act as a foreign body. This study examines the effect of bone wax on the ability of cancellous bone to clear bacteria. The iliac crest of rabbits was penetrated to a standard depth with an 18-gauge needle. Subsequently, nothing or Staphylococcus aureus, 10(5) colony-forming units, was innoculated in the needle site and followed by the subcortical placement of a cylinder of bone wax or similarly sized stainless steel rod. Ten days later, the site of bony penetration was excised and cultured. Eighty percent of animals whose bone was implanted with bacteria and bone wax together had positive cultures. Forty percent of animals whose bone was implanted with bacteria and a steel rod also had positive cultures. The difference between these groups (bacteria with bone wax or with steel rod) was not statistically significant. However, these combinations of bacteria with foreign body were significantly different from the bacteria only or bone wax only or steel rod only groups in which no positive cultures were observed. The data indicate that bone wax significantly impairs the ability of cancellous bone of rabbits to clear a standard inoculum of S. aureus. This effect appears to be the same as that observed with a different but similarly sized foreign body (steel rod). PMID- 7006127 TI - Aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7006135 TI - Arterial injury during perfusion preservation: a possible cause of posttransplantation renal artery stenosis. AB - To evaluate the effect of perfusion preservation upon renal arteries, 10 sets of porcine kidneys were removed en bloc and flushed in iced Sacks' solution via an aortic cannula. Preservation at 4 degrees C was by ice storage without perfusion (10 kidneys), perfusion with cannulation of the aortic segment (five kidneys), or perfusion with direct cannulation of the renal artery (five kidneys). After 48 to 72 hours the renal arteries and their primary branches were examined histologically. No intimal changes were evident by light microscopy. By scanning electron microscopy the endothelium of all renal arteries preserved by ice storage or aortic perfusion remained intact with only occasional deposits of particulate matter. By contrast, three distinct lesions appeared in all arteries subjected to direct cannulation: (1) full-thickness crushing at the site of the securing ligature, (2) intimal flattening at the site of contact with the cannula, and (3) marked disruption of intimal architecture extending several millimeters beyond the cannula tip. The latter injury, presumably caused by turbulent flow, is not apparent to the unaided eye. If this abnormal intima is not adequately excised at the time of transplantation, fibrin and platelet deposition may lead to fibrosis and localized arterial stenosis. The injury can be avoided by ice storage or by indirect perfusion via an aortic cannula. PMID- 7006136 TI - The effect of prostacyclin infusion on endotoxin-induced lung injury. AB - Lung injury produced by endotoxin is characterized by both pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been found to be a vasodilator and a membrane stabilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PGI2 in preventing endotoxin injury. Eight sheep with chronic lung lymph fistula were given both Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 microgram/kg) alone and endotoxin plus an immediate infusion of PGI2 (0.1 to 0.2 microgram/kg/min) for a 5-hour period; the studies were performed 4 days apart. The endotoxin injury was characterized by early severe pulmonary hypertension, with pulmonary artery pressure increasing from 18 +/- 0.6 to 40 +/- 3.1 mm Hg and lung lymph flow (QL) increasing threefold. This was followed in about 3 hours by an increase in permeability characterized by an increasing lymph to plasma protein ratio (0.63 to 0.74) and a threefold increase in QL. In seven of eight animals infused with PGI2 the pulmonary hypertension and alteration in QL in the early and later phases were significantly decreased. In four paired studies, prostaglandins PGE, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 as 6-keto PGF1 alpha were measured in lymph and plasma. PGF2 alpha and PGI2 were significantly increased in lung lymph during the early hypertensive phase immediately after endotoxin injection, but returned to baseline during the later phase. In the PGI2 infusion studies, PGF2 alpha showed the same pattern of response, but PGI2 was increased to much higher levels in lymph and plasma, as compared to values of endotoxin alone. The higher plasma values corresponded with less severe lung injury. The one animal not protected by PGI2 had the lowest plasma PGI2 level. We therefore found PGI2 to protect the lung against injury from endotoxin. PMID- 7006137 TI - Radiation teratogenesis. PMID- 7006138 TI - [Sympathomimetics in the postoperative management of episiotomies. Results of a double-blind clinical trial]. PMID- 7006139 TI - [The art and science of healing as exemplified by Father Sebastian Kneipp]. PMID- 7006140 TI - [Clinical cytology (diagnostic cytology) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006141 TI - A quarter century with Mr. Hageman. PMID- 7006143 TI - Prostacyclin formation by rat endothelial layer. PMID- 7006142 TI - Aspirin-dipyridamole prophylaxis of sickle cell disease pain crises. PMID- 7006144 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriology and laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7006146 TI - [Pivampicillin in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7006147 TI - [Antibiotics in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7006148 TI - [Gaustad Hospital 125 years old (1885-1980)]. PMID- 7006145 TI - Diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. What the computer teaches us. PMID- 7006150 TI - The marking of dentures. PMID- 7006151 TI - The endosseus implant--yes or no. PMID- 7006149 TI - [Indomethacin in acute ankle torsion]. PMID- 7006152 TI - One-step impression technique for multiple preparations. PMID- 7006154 TI - An instrument for the controlled trimming of plastic specimen blocks for light and electron microscopy. AB - A device for the controlled trimming of plastic specimen blocks for light and electron microscopy is described. Many advantages of previously reported instruments together with 1) a rack and pinion control of knife movement, and 2) a control of rotation of the specimen block at 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, or 360 degrees are incorporated. In conjunction with an ocular micrometer, the device allows accurate removal of thin slices during trimming. PMID- 7006153 TI - A method for processing paraffin sections of multilayer cultured tissue. AB - A simple and rapid method is described for processing histological preparations from multilayer cultures growing in plastic Petri dishes, A covering collodion film is utilized to remove the tissue from the plastic dish and transfer it onto a paper block prior to embedding in Paraplast. To avoid any disruption by the collodion of the plasticware, the cultured tissue is first immersed in a solution of collodion and absolute alcohol (1:1) and then covered with pure collodion. All steps are carried out in the cold. This procedure allows morphological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and autoradiographic studies to be carried out on serial sections of cultured tissue. PMID- 7006155 TI - Limitation of temperature rise during embedding in methyl methacrylate by using a water cooled mould. PMID- 7006156 TI - [Delayed bone suturing in the overall treatment of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 7006157 TI - [Quality evaluation of the gold electroplating of dental prostheses]. PMID- 7006158 TI - [Differential diagnosis of different forms of deep bite]. PMID- 7006159 TI - [Stomatologic subjects in the "Canon of Medical Science" of Avicenna]. PMID- 7006161 TI - [Problems in planning partial removable dentures with inserted saddles]. PMID- 7006160 TI - [Prospects for using hyperbaric oxygenation in stomatology]. PMID- 7006162 TI - [Secondary caries]. AB - On the basis of a survey of the literature, the author emphasizes the considerable clinical importance of secondary caries and the dependence of its incidence upon the filling material used. Further predisposing factors (such as marginal leakage, cavity preparation, age and size of the filling, and the kind of cavity wall working) are discussed, and relevant measures for the prevention of secondary caries are presented. PMID- 7006163 TI - Ia antigens and epidermal Langerhans cells. PMID- 7006164 TI - Improved renal graft survival in transfused uremics. A result of a number of interacting factors. AB - In a series of 229 first-time recipients of cadaveric renal grafts the graft survival was better for the patients that had received 4 or more units of blood, than for those patients that had never received blood; on the other hand, for the patients 1 to 3 units the survival was not better. A relationship between blood transfusion and graft survival was found only for patients receiving kidneys with two or less HLA-A and B incompatibilities. Among the patients receiving 20 or more units of blood, one-half became long-term HBsAg carriers and 60% developed HLA antibodies. A larger proportion of these patients had received grafts with a good HLA-A,B match. The graft survival was better for patients that had been on regular dialysis before the transplantation than those that had not. The choice of dialysis method was also significant, the survival being better for patients that had been on peritoneal dialysis than those on hemodialysis. It would appear that blood transfusion and dialysis treatment had an additive effect on graft survival. PMID- 7006169 TI - Most positive B cell crossmatches are not caused by anti-HLA-DR antibodies. PMID- 7006168 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A upon second-set rejection of rat renal allografts. AB - With the use of a DA to LEW rat renal allograft model, the ability of cyclosporin A to influence a second-set rejection was investigated. Sensitization of LEW rats was accomplished by performing DA to LEW skin grafts 4 to 5 weeks before kidney allografting. Cyclosporin A was given to sensitized rats in doses of 10 or 25 mg/kg/day for 14 days from the time of renal transplantation. Neither dose was nearly as effective in prolonging kidney graft survival in sensitized rats as the 10 mg/kg/day dose was in prolonging kidney graft survival in unsensitized rats. In the 25 mg/kg/day dose, cyclosporin A was capable of suppressing antibody formation to the graft in sensitized recipients despite the presence of donor specific antibodies at the time of renal transplantation. The 10 mg/kg/day dose of cyclosporin A did not, however, suppress antibody formation after renal transplantation in sensitized recipients. In both sensitized and unsensitized rats cyclosporin A was effective in ameliorating the histological findings of arterial fibrinoid necrosis and glomerular necrosis in the renal allografts. In neither sensitized nor unsensitized rats did cyclosporin A effect the mononuclear cell infiltration of the renal allograft. PMID- 7006166 TI - A simple method for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Cuff technique for three vascular anastomoses. AB - A simple method for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat is described in detail. A cuff technique was applied to all anastomoses of the supra- and infrahepatic venae cavae and the portal vein. It simplified and shortened the implantation of the graft as well as eliminating the need for microvascular suture technique. In the last series of 20 transplants, the survival rate was 85% after 1 week and 55% after 2 months with normal hepatocellular function. PMID- 7006167 TI - Cadaveric renal transplantation in patients of 60 years and above. AB - Between 1971 and 1977, 34 patients aged 60 years and above were treated with cadaveric renal transplantation in Stockholm. The survival figures were nearly the same as for patients of the same age group that had undergone long-term dialysis, with 2-year survival rates of 49 and 45%, respectively. Comparison with a younger group of transplant patients, ages 16 to 49, showed poorer patient and graft survival figures for the older patients, with 49 and 38%, respectively, after 2 years against 70 and 56% for the younger group. Complications were more frequent among the older patients, especially in regard to serious infections, heart conditions, and steroid diabetes. Irreversible rejection, on the other hand, was less common in the older group. On the basis of these findings, we intend continuing to offer renal transplantation to patients of 60 years and above. It would, moreover, seem worthwhile to try to reduce the dose of prednisolone in these patients. PMID- 7006165 TI - Inadvertent transplantation of a melanoma. AB - A cadaver renal allograft recipient with normal function for over 3 years developed metastatic melanoma and died within months despite cessation of immunosuppression and allograft nephrectomy. Two additional immunotherapeutic modalities were attempted when it became obvious that the tumor was not a de novo malignancy but rather an inadvertently transplanted one. Neither reexposure to the allograft antigens nor administration of alloantiserum from the patient who had received and rejected the mate of the kidney from the same donor affected the rapid growth of the melanoma in our patient. Of extreme interest is that a focus of melanoma was found in the allograft removed from the surviving patient. PMID- 7006170 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma after kidney transplantation. Report of complete remission of cutaneous and visceral involvement. PMID- 7006171 TI - Intraportal embolization of fragments during intrasplenic pancreatic autotransplantation in dogs. PMID- 7006172 TI - A privileged exception of gastric mucosa to allogeneic attack in rats. PMID- 7006173 TI - Elective transfusion or HLA matching. PMID- 7006174 TI - [Studies on the new combined impression method with different types of silicone impression materials]. PMID- 7006177 TI - [Open spongiosa grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006175 TI - Digital reconstruction of bright field phase contrast images from high resolution electron micrographs. AB - The theory of bright-field image formation of thin specimens in a conventional transmission electron microscope is presented. The recorded image contrast is shown to be predominantly linear in the electron atom scattering amplitudes which are in general complex (possessing phase and amplitude). A linearized image model describing multiple images of varying defocus (defocus series) is derived. Image degradation is characterized by an instrumental transfer function (including spherical aberration, defocus and partial coherence), a finite signal-to-noise ratio and a Debye--Waller temperature factor. Using the minimum mean square error criterion, a new method of image reconstruction to recover the real and imaginary parts of the ideal phase contrast image from a defocus series is derived. This new method of image reconstruction reduces to the well known Wiener filter in the appropriate limiting conditions. A defocus series of micrographs taken on the Kyoto 500 keV electron microscope using a radiation damage resistant specimen of chlorinated copper phthalocyanine is processed. The signal-to-noise ratio of this series is found to be approximately 10. A resolution of approximately 2 A is apparent in the unprocessed images. The complex image reconstructed from this defocus series shows increased resolution in the real part of the image (approximately 1.4 A) and increased heavy/light atom contrast in the imaginary part of the image. PMID- 7006176 TI - Dark field electron microscopy of the 30S subunit of the E. coli ribosome. PMID- 7006178 TI - [Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis in the rat following administration of an LHRH agonist]. PMID- 7006181 TI - The role of clonidine in the treatment of migraine: a review of the literature and personal experience. PMID- 7006179 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae in 1980: clinical, microbiological and therapeutic aspects. A review]. PMID- 7006180 TI - [Leucotriens: conclusion of 40 years' research on mediators of anaphylaxis]. PMID- 7006182 TI - Comparative trial of Tenormin (atenolol) and Inderal (propranolol) in migraine. AB - Atenolol, 50 mg, b.i.d., and propranolol, 80 mg b.i.d.,. were given to 28 patients with a presumed diagnosis of migraine, in a placebo-controlled double blind cross-over study, where each period lasted 6 weeks. In the total material, atenolol was significantly better than placebo in reducing attacks, whereas propranolol showed no definite such effect. In seven patients the number of headache days was remarkably high (average: 22 headache days in 42 days), which may indicate that they have been inappropriately included in the material or have recorded interparoxysmal headache in addition to attacks. If these patients are excluded, the attack-reducing effect of propranolol and tenormin is significant and of equal magnitude. PMID- 7006183 TI - Physiotherapy treatment for tension headache. PMID- 7006185 TI - Renal cell carcinoma: an overview. PMID- 7006184 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma: an overview. PMID- 7006186 TI - The Civiale Remedial Agency. Urologic quackery in the gay nineties. PMID- 7006187 TI - 108 years of urology at the Poliklinik of Vienna. PMID- 7006189 TI - [Combined one-stage blepharoplasty in eyelid injuries]. PMID- 7006191 TI - [Role of Avicenna in the development of otolaryngology]. PMID- 7006188 TI - Lymphatic complications in renal allografts--a new look. AB - The pathophysiology of lymphatic complications was evaluated in 10 patients as to the possible source of lymphatic fluid. Both the recipient's peripheral lymphatics and the allograft's lymphatics were found to contribute to lymphatic complications. The prevention of lymphoceles and lymphatic fistulas may be accomplished by careful ligation of both the recipient's and the allograft's lymphatics. PMID- 7006190 TI - [Experimental substantiation and results of clinical use of lecopaine phonophoresis in the treatment of various eye diseases]. PMID- 7006193 TI - [Relation of the survival of kidney transplants to their initial functional integrity]. AB - The influence of the initial functional capacity of renal transplants on the term of their survival was studied in 107 patients who were subjected to 118 transplantations of cadaveric kidneys. If the transplant function was restored within the first days after the operation 61% of the transplants were functioning during a year. In cases with a delayed function resulting from acute insufficiency of the transplanted kidney the good functioning was observed in 28% of all the transplants. The data obtained show the importance of further studies of the ways of the amendment of the quality of kidney transplants. PMID- 7006192 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy and suturing of the perforation in perforating duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7006194 TI - Utilization of the Escherichia coli pol A test: an adjunct to the Ames assay. PMID- 7006195 TI - Cortical interstitial tissue and sclerosed glomeruli in the normal human kidney, related to age and sex. A quantitative study. AB - The relative amount of interstitial cortical tissue was measured by the point count method in kidney tissue from human individuals without renal disease. One series (54 kidneys) consisted of kidneys intended for transplantation and removed immediately after death from persons who died suddenly. The other series (69 kidneys) was obtained by autopsy. In both groups, the percentage of interstitial tissue was dependent on age and followed the equations of regression (1) y = 12.45 + 0.11 0.11 x (donor series) and (2) y = 23.8 + 0,10 x (autopsy series). The autopsy values were significantly greater than the donor-kidney-values. There was no difference due to sex. The relative number of sclerotic, obsolescent glomeruli was very small (0-1%) until the age of 40. Thereafter it increased, most markedly in the autopsy series, until it reached values of about 30% in persons more than 80 years old. PMID- 7006197 TI - Pancreatic PP cell distribution and hyperplasia. Immunocytochemical morphology in the normal human pancreas, in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7006198 TI - Glomerular structural changes in rabbits on treatment with bovine and porcine insulin. A morphometric analysis. AB - Weak nonspecific immunological stimuli can irritate the glomerular mesangium as observed following administration of insulin preparations of varying degrees of purity. In the present study further substances were investigated with regard to this effect. We wished to examine which substances obtained during purification of insulin are mainly responsible for the antigenicity, and whether porcine and bovine MC insulin have the same antigenic properties. Rabbits were treated for up to 90 days with bovine MC insulin, bovine proinsulin, bovine a + b-component, porcine a-component and porcine b-component. The kidneys were analysed morphometrically and antibody titers to bovine insulin, a-component, porcine PP and proinsulin were determined in the various test groups. It was found that bovine MC insulin and porcine MC insulin possess the same immunological activity, i.e. no antibody formation to either of the two insulins was demonstrable. Similarly, there were no differences in the morphometric findings; slight transient mesangial changes were demonstrable after both insulins. However a component and b-component showed a pronounced immunogenic potency with antibody formation. Marked and partly persisting mesangial alterations were demonstrable, with the antigenicity of the a-component being particularly marked. The implication of the study is that a "pure" or optimally purified insulin should be used in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7006199 TI - A comparison of the responses of single cells in the LGN and visual cortex to bar and noise stimuli in the cat. PMID- 7006196 TI - The variability of blood group antigens in gastric carcinoma as demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - In this study the immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate the blood group antigens A, B and H in normal gastric mucosa and primary and metastatic gastric carcinomas. No clear relationship between tumour differentiation and preservation of blood group antigens was found. In some well differentiated tumours there was a marked loss of blood group substance, whereas in other poorly differentiated tumours, both primary and metastatic, it was easily detectable. In some tumours an inverse relationship between A or B and H activity was noted. This observation is consistent with the theory that in some malignant cells there is a blocking of the normal step-by-step elongation of the carbohydrate portion of blood group substances. PMID- 7006200 TI - [Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat liver by insulin and hydrocortisone]. AB - Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), its isoenzyme spectrum and kinetic properties of the partially purified enzyme were studied in liver tissue of intact rats as well as in animals treated with insulin and hydrocortisone. The data obtained suggest that the activation and inhibition of G6PD by insulin and hydrocortisone, respectively, are due most likely not to alterations in conformation of the enzymatic molecules, but to the opposite influence of these hormones on the content of the main fraction of the isoenzyme spectrum of G6PD, which accounts for 78-90% of its total activity. PMID- 7006201 TI - [Relationship between the insulin-stimulated disappearance of inorganic phosphate in vitro and the effect of insulin on creatine accumulation in rat skeletal muscle plasma membranes]. AB - Total content of creatine was increased in unfractionated membrane fractions within 5-30 min after incubation at 30 degrees of the repeatedly washed and suspended in 0.25 M sucrose plasmatic membranes, isolated from rat skeletal muscle, using a medium containing tris-HCl buffer, rH 7.5, AMP and ADP, Mg2+, creatine, inorganic phosphate, NaF, NAD or NAD-dependent system of lactate oxidation (NAD, lactate, cytochrome c and O2) in presence of insulin (4 mg/ml). This increase in total content of creatine, stimulated by insulin, was accompanied by rapid diappearance of inorganic phosphate, which was especially distinct within 1 min of inculation at 30 degrees. Nonactive derivative of insulin (desoctapeptide insulin) did not affect the accumulation of creatine. The effect of inculin on accumulation of creatine was abolished by means of addition of EGTA into the medium or by excluding of Mg2+-AMP and of inorganic phosphate from the medium. The phenomenon observed might be related to synthesis of ATP, required for the physiological activity of insulin during transport of creatine across the biomembranes. PMID- 7006202 TI - [Effect of sturines A and B on DNA synthesis and ribonucleotide reductase and thymidine kinase activity in regenerating rat liver]. AB - After a single intravenous administration of sturines A and B into rats subjected to partial hepatectomy, during the periods, corresponding to maximal synthesis of DNA, incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclear DNA was decreased by 20-30% and incorporation into mitochondrial DNA--by 40-50%, as compared with control. The treatment with sturines led to distinct decrease in activity of nuclear thymidine kinase and ribonucleotide reductase but did not affect the enzymatic activity in mitochondria. The sturine preparations (at concentrations 10(-6)--10(-3) M) inhibited the activity of these enzymes (of both nuclear and mitochondrial origin) in vitro. PMID- 7006203 TI - [Superoxide dismutase--radiobiologic significance and possibilities (review)]. AB - Modern data are considered on the importance of superoxide radical in the oxygen effect of ionizing radiation as well as the participation of superoxide dismutase in biological radioresistance. Biological role and some physico-chemical properties of the enzyme are described. Estimation of the superoxide dismutase activity might serve as a test for study of the primary effect of ionizing radiation on cells; at the same time, the enzymatic preparations could be used as radioprotective drugs. PMID- 7006204 TI - [Effect of dysentery endotoxin on the histamine and serotonin concentration in the mucosa of the small intestine]. AB - An increase in histamine content and a decrease in serotonin concentration occurred in mucosa of mouse large intestine in dynamics of dysenteric intoxication. The content of serotonin was more dependent on the endotoxin dose and duration of its action of these biogenic amines in normal state was altered under the pathological conditions. The impairments in metabolism of biogenic amines in response to dysenteric intoxication were reduced after administration of tryptophane and pyridoxine suggesting the reversibility of these impairments. PMID- 7006205 TI - [Activity of granulocyte proteinases and level of acid-stable proteinase inhibitors in the bronchial secretions of children with bronchopathies of different etiology]. AB - Activities of elastase- and trypsin-like proteinases from granulocytes as well as content of their acid-stable inhibitors were studied in 80 samples of the bronchial secretory products obtained from 34 children from 4 to 15 years old suffering from various forms of bronchopulmonary pathology/primary chronic pneumonia, Cartagener's syndrom, mucoviscidosis, pulmonary malformations. Normal bronchial secretory products were characterized by high content of the acid stable inhibitors as well as by absence of the granulocytic proteinases activity. Development of inflammatory impairments in bronchi was accompanied by 2-3-fold decrease in content of the inhibitors with simultaneous increase in the enzymatic activity. The data obtained suggest that the relationship between activity of granulocytic proteinases and content of acid-stable inhibitors in bronchial secretory products might be considered as an important index of inflammatory processes in bronchi. De novo synthesis of acid-stable inhibitors in lungs appears to be decreased in the course of development of inflammation. PMID- 7006206 TI - [Role of 5-alpha-androstane-3-beta, 17-beta-diol in establishing feedback between the gonads and hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of orchidectomized adult rats]. AB - Concentration of luteinizing hormone and content of luliberine were estimated, respectively, blood serum and in hypothalamic arccuate nucleus and median eminence of adult castrated rats after administration of testosterone, 5 alpha androstane 3 beta, 17 beta diol and 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha, 17 beta diol. Effect of testosterone and of its derivatives on hypothalamo-hypophysial system was distinctly dissimilar both in the intensity of the action and in the rate of its realization. 5 alpha-androstane 3 beta, 17 beta diol as well as testosterone and 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha, 17 beta diol were shown to be active in the negative feedback mechanism between gonads and hypothalamo-hypophysial system; the effect of androgenes was dose-dependent. PMID- 7006207 TI - [Serum creatine phosphokinase, GOT, and GPT activity in different types of infectious diseases in monkeys]. AB - An increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity as well as a decrease in activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed in monkey blood serum under conditions of experimental infection of the animals with dysentery. Contrary to the non-immunized animals, the activity of CPK was increased but the activities of AAT and ALT were unaltered in blood serum of the immunized monkeys. Estimation of the enzymatic activity might be used for diagnosis of experimental dysentery and streptococcal infection. PMID- 7006209 TI - [Malignant neoplasms after organ transplantation]. PMID- 7006210 TI - [Method of flow impulse cytofluorometry in the UV spectrum for the study of tumor cells in the whole blood]. AB - Under consideration is the principal opportunity of using impulse cytofluorometers working in the UV spectrum for recording tumor cells in blood. The results of model experiments evidence the advantages of this method, however at present its sensitivity is not adequate enough. PMID- 7006212 TI - [Books and monographs on oncology appearing in the 2d quarter of 1980]. PMID- 7006208 TI - [Effect of the kallikrein-like enzyme salivain on the course of experimental acute parotitis]. AB - Mechanical trauma of rat parotid gland led to an increase in the size of the gland (due to edema) with simultaneous activation of unspecific proteases, which were estimated at pH 7.6 using casein as a substrate. Administration of kallikrein-like salivary enzyme salivain into non-traumatized parotid gland caused also the same alterations. Complex application of two factors (trauma and salivain) resulted in distinct increase of the gland edema and the proteolytic activity. Administration of trasilol (inhibitor of proteases) decreased the pathogenic effects of salivain. After administration of salivain the alkaline phosphatase activity was shown to decrease in the parotid salivary gland. PMID- 7006211 TI - [Use of cryopreserved bone marrow in oncological patients with depressed hematopoiesis]. AB - The effectiveness of allomyelotransplantation has been assessed in 97 oncological patients with different localization of the tumor process. The data indicate that myelotherapy is a valuable adjunct in treatment of depressed hemopoiesis in oncological patients, which allowed the course of radio and chemotherapy to be continued in most of them. PMID- 7006213 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis in children and adults]. AB - Based on a multi-factorial analysis with application of mathematical methods and an electronic computer-32, it was shown that differences in clinical manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis in untreated patients (360 observations) of two age groups--children and adults, concerned the incidence of the disease in males and females, a primary localization of the process and the frequency of separate symptoms, intoxication and histological types. On the contrary, no statistically reliable differences were noted in factors characterizing the malignancy of the process (staging of the disease, the frequency of general symptoms and signs of the biological activity. PMID- 7006214 TI - [DNA content in the nuclei of breast cancer cells and their metastases to the regional lymph nodes analyzed by impulse cytophotometry]. AB - The data are reaorted on the distribution of the DNA content in cell nuclei of normal human mammary gland, in benign processes, cancer and its metastases in regional lymphnodes by the method of impulse cytophotometry. In benign processes the distribution of DNA in epithelial cells was not shown to differ from the control, however, in some cases there is an increased proliferative activity of the epithelium. Cytophotometrical structure of human breast cancer in general traits reflects the pattern of DNA distribution in them. A tumor consisting of monomorphous elements more frequently shows one type of tumor cells with a different degree of their proliferative activity. The presence of large number of anaplastic cells would correspond to the peaks of anaeploid and polyploid cells on DNA-histograms. A correlation between the DNA content in epithelial cell nuclei of the primary tumor and its metastases in regional lymph nodes was found to remain in the uniform cytologic picture. PMID- 7006216 TI - An introduction to stress management: theory and practice. PMID- 7006215 TI - [Reasons for the late diagnosis of rectal cancer]. AB - At present, patients with rectal carcinoma are admitted for clinical treatment only 8-10 months following the appearance of typical symptoms. In 115 patients followed up the tumor size was on an average 5 cm. In 79 cases (68.7%) the tumor could be revealed in manual examination of the rectum, however, the correct diagnosis was established not earlier than in rectosigmoid tumors. In 81 patients (70,5%) the tumor proved to be inoperable, metastases in distant regional lymphnodes being revealed in 34 cases. Thus, only 47 of 115 patients (40.8%) were hospitalized with the lesion in prognostically favourable stages. The perspectives for improving the results consist in shortening of the period from the appearance of complaints till the onset of treatment. A prerequisite for the latter is an early diagnosis of rectal carcinoma based on a number of consecutive diagnostic procedures. In some cases, it is possible to establish the diagnosis by manual examination of the rectum. Negative results of this examination do not exclude the diagnosis of the tumor. PMID- 7006217 TI - [Cryogenic surgery in urology]. PMID- 7006218 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation and leukemoid reaction in an infant during Salmonella typhimurium-induced septicemia]. PMID- 7006219 TI - [Postmortem cesarean section during the reign of King Sigismund III]. PMID- 7006220 TI - [Influence of insulinfree rehydration on diabetic derangements (author's transl)]. AB - In two groups of pts with diabetic derangements the effect of infusion therapy was investigated with regard to metabolic and endocrine functions. The rate of infusion was adapted to the height of the central venous pressure and the administration of electrolytes to their serum concentration. Insulin was withheld until no further decrease of blood glucose was noted. Group A consisted of 8 pts with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (blood glucose higher than 25 mmol/l, pH below 7.0 and/or bicarbonate below 10 mmol/l). The duration of insulinfree rehydration was 8.8 +/- 1.3 (x +/- SE) hrs and the fluid retention 4060 +/- 3 633 ml. The osmolality in serum decreased from 356 +/- 12 to 340 +/- 8 mosm/kg H2O and the blood glucose from 37.9 +/- 2.9 to 28.6 +/- 3.4 mmol/l. No correlation existed between the decrease of blood glucose and the expansion of the intravascular volume. Therefore, the decrease of blood glucose was not caused by a simple dilution effect. High renal glucose excreation was observed (408 +/- 83 mmol) but could not explain the decrease of blood glucose. The glucose clearance fell from 25.9 +/- 6.9 to 21.5 +/- 3.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface from the first to the last 2-hr periods. It must be concluded that the initial rehydration deminished gluconeogeneses and/or increased tissue glucose utilization without exogenous insulin administration. This conclusion is supported by the decrease in the plasma concentration of the contrainsular hormons. Glucagon decreased 579 +/- 209 to 319 +/- 88 pg/ml (n.s.). Cortisol from 49.9 +/- 4.6 to 35.8 +/- 6.7 micrograms/100 ml (p < 0.05) and Adrenalin from 2.43 +/- 1.03 to 0.4 +/- 0.22 ng/ml (p < 0.05). Blood gas analysis revealed only minimal and ketobodies in serum no changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that rehydration and decrease of plasma concentration of contrainsular hormones do not influence the enhenced lipolyses in diabetic ketoacidosis. Group B consisted of 8 pts with nonacidotic diabetic derangements (blood glucose higher than 25 mmol/l, pH above 7.3 and/or bicarbonate above 18 mmol/l) and an acute weightloss of more than 3 kg. The insulinfree rehydration lasted 13 +/- 1.6 hrs and the fluid retention was 4620 +/ 380 ml. The serum osmolality decreased from 317 +/- 5.3 to 288 +/- 1.9 mmol/l. The decrease of blood glucose could not be explained by delution effect. The renal glucose excreation was 370 +/- 120 mmol/l in total and the glucose clearance decreased from 15.3 +/- 8.4 to 8.0 +/- 2.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface (p < 0.01). Decrease of gluconeogenese and/or increase of glucose assimilation of the tissues can also be expected for the pts with nonacidotic diabetic derangements during plain rehydration. PMID- 7006221 TI - [Long-term treatment of inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases with piroxicam - a field trial]. PMID- 7006223 TI - [The carbohydrate theory of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7006226 TI - [Russian/German contacts in discussion on cellular mechanisms of aging and lifespan (author's transl)]. AB - This is a brief review of the discussions which took place in natural literature at the end of XIX, and the beginning of XX century concerning the problems of cellular mechanism of aging, animal lifespan, death of metazoa and immortality of protozoa. The participation of German and Russian natural scientists in the discussion of cardinal gerontological questions is specially considered. The close relationship between the gerontological conceptions and the evolutionary ideas is emphasized. The author has established historical continuity of the above conceptions and modern evolutionary approaches to the predetermination of species' lifespan and mechanisms of aging. PMID- 7006222 TI - [Long-term prognosis in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7006225 TI - The state and goals of basic research in gerontology in Austria. PMID- 7006224 TI - Basic research in gerontology in Hungary. PMID- 7006227 TI - [Biological effect of selected chemical air pollutant carcinogens on yeast cells]. PMID- 7006228 TI - [Efficient rapid isolation of E. coli faecalis from water by determining the decarboxylate gamma-aminobutyric acid by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 7006229 TI - [Psychiatry under fascism: the outcome of historical analysis]. PMID- 7006231 TI - [Herpes gestationis (author's transl)]. AB - Herpes gestationis is a rare blistering disease of pregnancy and the puerperium which is difficult to differentiate from other bullous eruptions of pregnancy by clinical and histopathological criteria only. Caracteristic immunopathological features permit the exact classification of this disease. This is a report on three typical cases of herpes gestationis. The clinical, histopathological and immunopathological findings of the disease as well as treatment and maternal and fetal risks are discussed. PMID- 7006232 TI - [Haemolytic streptococci of the serological group B and pneumococci - new life threatening bacteria in newborn wards (author's transl)]. AB - In 1978 353 premature and mature newborns were admitted to our neonatal and intensive care unit. 34 children developed bacterial infections. B-streptococci were the offending organisms in 6 cases, pneumococci in 1 case, 5 of these 7 infections were of the early-onset type, 2 of the late-onset type. The early onset type disease manifests itself by respiratory distress and shock. It is transmitted vertically from mother to child before or during birth. 3 of our 5 affected children died. The late-onset type disease occurs after 5-10 days, is transmitted as horizontal, mostly nosocomial infection, and presents as sepsis with meningitis or - as in one of our cases - with osteomyelitis. In addition to the 7 sick infants 8 of the 353 admitted newborns were colonized without signs of disease. Early diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these infections present still unsolved problems. PMID- 7006230 TI - [Results of work psychology research to fulfill occupational medicine goals]. PMID- 7006233 TI - [Examination of placenta by light and electron microscope in a woman patient with renal transplant (author's transl)]. AB - The placenta of a woman who had received a renal graft before she became pregnant was examined. The light- and electronmicroscopical results were as follows: 1. Enlargement of the granulated endoplamatic reticulum in the syncytium. 2. Increase of the syncytial knots. 3. Persistence of exceeding numbers of Langhans cells. These alterations coinciding with the immune suppressive therapy might play a role for the initiation of the growth retardation as observed in children of renal-grafted mothers. PMID- 7006234 TI - [Computer-assisted analysis in cardiology diagnosis. Abstracts]. PMID- 7006235 TI - [Clinical and pharmacological basis of controlled digitalis therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006236 TI - [Mexiletin for treatment of ventricular ectopic rhythm in patients with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In a controlled investigation on 84 patients with acute myocardial infarction, the effect of mexiletine on ectopic ventricular rhythms was tested with respect to mexiletine serum concentration. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias were observed 10 times in the control group and 5 times in the treated group. In the latter patients, mexiletine serum concentrations were below or at the lower therapeutical range (0.5 microgram/ml). During the second day of treatment, ventricular ectopic beats were significantly suppressed in the treated group with effective mexiletine serum concentration between 0.5 and 2.0 microgram/ml. As a side effect, vomiting was noticed in some patients in coincidence with an initial intravenous dosis of 2 mg per kg bodyweight; however, in no case it was necessary to interrupt treatment. There were no significant alterations in hemodynamical data, derived from Swan-Ganz catheter measurements, with mean maximal serum concentrations, on the second day, of approximately 1.15 microgram/ml. PMID- 7006237 TI - Further studies on cynodont endocasts (Reptilia--Therapsida). AB - Endocranial casts of the cynodonts Andescynodon mendozensis, Probelesoden sp., Massetognathus pascualis and M. teruggii are studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The former two show large and flat olfactory bulbs, little or no representation of the olfactory peduncles, long and narrow cerebral region and laterally protruding flocculus at the cerebellar region, specially developed in Andescynodon. The specimens of Massetognathus show long, narrow and elevated olfactory bulbs, well represented olfactory peduncles, wide cerebral region (specially in M. pascuali) and pineal foramen (specially developed in M. teruggii). The encephalization quotients are in agreement with previous results on cynodont endocasts. One specimen of Andescynodon shows a range of 0.097-0.15 and Massetognathus pascuali 0.12-0.18. PMID- 7006238 TI - The histomorphology of pancreatic islets in the bandicoot, Bandicota bengalensis (Gray). AB - Histomorphology of pancreatic islets are first time reported in the Bandicoot, Bandicota bengalensis. Histological observations are made with conventional staining techniques on the pancreatic islets of Bandicota bengalensis. The endocrine tissues present all over the pancreatic mass through large number of islets are confined to spleenic region and exhibited various shaped from round, oval, oblong to irregular. Three main types of cells viz., A-1, A-2 and B cells are observed. The commonly used silver techniques failed in differentiation of A 1 and A-2 cells. However, A-1 cells were stained with toluidine blue, while A-2 cells with phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin. Beta cells are more in number and situated in the centre of the islet surrounded by peripheral alpha cells. Presence of a large number of B cells in an islet indicates the vital role in insulin in the blood sugar homeostasis of the bandicoot. PMID- 7006239 TI - The common vole, Microtus arvalis Pall. as intermediate host of Mesocestoides (Cestoda) in Germany. AB - Tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides leptothylacus Loos-Frank, 1980 were found in 1.4% of 513 common voles (Microtus arvalis) in a district of Southwest Germany where foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are frequently infected with this tapeworm. The tetrathyridia measured 1 to 1.5 mm in length and 0.5 to 1 mm in width. When injected intraperitoneally into white mice, jirds, or common voles, the tetrathyridia did not multiply. Cats fed with the larvae shed proglottids from the 21st day onwards. In one experimentally infected silver-fox proglottids were passed from day 12 onwards. One human subject infected twice with tetrathyridia of M. leptothylacus, did not develop patent infections. One common vole from another district contained tetrathyridia of a Mesocestoides species, which is rarely found in indigenous foxes and which is characterized by a broad-oval cirrus pouch with a much convoluted cirrus. PMID- 7006241 TI - [Knot tying in microsurgery]. PMID- 7006240 TI - [Microsurgical nerve and blood vessel sutures using a resorbable suture material]. AB - Anastomosis of A. carotis and of N. ischiadicus of the rat were carried out by microsurgical technique in comparison to the nonabsorbable suture material Ethilon and the absorbable Vicryl, both 0,2 metric. There occurred no suture insufficiencies with either sutured nerves or vessels. After 70-84 days the Vicryl sutures were completely absorbed. In particular with nerve sutures Vicryl proved to be superior to Ethilon, as the displacement of axons in the area of granuloma decreased with progressing absorption of the suture and thus also resulting less renewed and thus also resulting less renewed degeneration of the axons. PMID- 7006243 TI - [Hyperacute kidney transplant rejection: scanning electron microscopy of the intrarenal arteries]. PMID- 7006244 TI - The World Health Organisation North Fly clinico-epidemilogical pilot study. PMID- 7006242 TI - [Methods for scanning electron microscopic study of thrombocytes]. PMID- 7006245 TI - [Primary repair of soft tissue injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The primary treatment of an injured hand has great influence on later results, and also on secondary measures in reconstruction. In contrast to adults, children show a good healing of distal-pedicle flaps, after removal of fat and sparing the subdermal plexus. The choice of skin replacement must be made under careful consideration of site, function and the possibility of further measures for rehabilitation. Where several structures in the child's hand are injured, good results can be attained by combining an adaptation-osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires, and a plaster cast. Several cases are demonstrated, with examples. PMID- 7006246 TI - [Result of flexor tendor repair in children (author's transl)]. AB - This is a comparison of the results of 14 primary sutures of the flexor tendon, 11 secondary (one-stage) and 14 seconary (two-stage) interposition grafts. Flexion and extension of the fingers treated were best after the primary tendon suture, worst after the secondary interposition graft at one sitting. Since good results were obtained with the primary flexor tendon suture even in unclean, crushed tissues, we conclude that in children a primary tendon suture should be aimed at as a rule. Where the primary treatment is unsuccessful, the secondary two-stage procedure should be preferred to the one-stage interposition graft. The comparison also shows that the two-stage secondary procedure gives better results when the proximal tendon anastomosis is sutured near the muscle, instead of in the palm of the hand. PMID- 7006250 TI - [Reconstructive surgery including Volkmann's contracture (author's transl)]. AB - Restorative measures after mutilating procedures in children are discussed on the basis of an analysis of suitable cases. Modern methods of nerve-transplantation, of bone-transplantation, using microvascular anastomoses, and of microsurgical transplantation of skeletal muscle are described in detail. PMID- 7006247 TI - [Kleinert's primary flexor tendon repair in children (author's transl)]. AB - The essential points of the Kleinert technique of primary suture of the flexor tendons are briefly laid out. Even although the success of this method depends especially on the co-operation of the patient, we have been able to obtain very good results, particularly in children. Here, too, we used dynamic splinting in the form of a whole-arm splint, and in the case of very small children, the mother was instructed in the therapy. PMID- 7006248 TI - [Surgical restoration of tendon function (author's transl)]. AB - Among 3 000 injuries of the hand in 65 children over 10 years, 95 injuries to tendons were found. About a quarter of these were to the extensor tendon. Results from the lengemann-suture are good. Tearing of the extensor-tendons in the end phalanx remains a problem. They are inreasingly being treated conservatively. 20 sutured flexor tendons proximal to the wrist healed well. 32 injuries in "No Man's Land" were sutured primarily, 19 were treated by secondary tendon transplant. 2 primary sutures, 4 transplants were unsuccessful. The primary suture technique of Kleinert is preferred. The healing phase is suported by a hyaluronidase preparation. PMID- 7006251 TI - [Primary treatment of mutilating hand injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The management of badly multiplating hand injuries is reported on the basis of 130 cases treated as in-patients. It is divided into estimation of the injuries, operative procedure and post-op. care. The operation itself comprises 4 stages: - intensive exploration - debridement - reconstruction of underlying structures and - treatment of the skin It is essential to conserve all those structures of the hand which are still living. If at all possible, the first operation should also be the main one. In any case, everything should be done to facilitate the secondary procedure. The final result should guarantee the functions of grasp and touch. PMID- 7006252 TI - [The National Research Program 1A: a community-oriented intervention study. Methodological considerations on various types of studies]. AB - Intervention tricals can principally be classified into community or clinically oriented designs. The clinical approach of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) implies the individual randomization of a volunteer population into a study and a control group. In community-oriented trials, however, the study and control group are not composed of individuals, but rather of total population groups (e.g. communities, factories). The paper gives first an overview over the historial development of epidemiological methods as the basis for both study types. Shortcomings and advantages both of RCT's and of community trials are discussed, using the examples of the "diet-heart" hypothesis and of the National Research Program 1A design, respectively. The two study types uses as primary endpoints for the analysis changes in risk factor distribution, morbidity and/or mortality. A recent alternative is presented, too: advances in angiography allow direct measurements of changes in vessels with atherosclerotic disease. The different study types available complement one another in trying to understand the mechanisms involved in disease of multifactorial origin. PMID- 7006249 TI - [Secondary surgery for restoration of nerve function (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of nerve-suturing belongs in modern times to the domain of microsurgery. Without implementing the posibilities offered by microsurgery, nerve-suturing - even directly end-to-end - is obsolete. In order to obtain a sufficient functional end-result, suturing under tension must be avoided at all costs. Knowledge of this has given rise to the common interposition nerve grafts. Even with interposition grafts, no cases of growth-disturbances, including a failure of the nerve to grow or disturbances in function because of growth, have been observed in children. For a good post-op. results, a continual therapy with neurotropic medicaments, physiotherapy and faradisation, and neurophysiological checks on progress made in renervation are absolutely essential. PMID- 7006253 TI - [Interactions between collagen and C1q: their significance for rheumatology]. AB - Interactions between C1q and collagen are thought to be due to the similarity in the structure of collagen and part of C1q. In the present paper immunological and biochemical aspects of this similarity were explored. It was found that one of nine rabbit anticollagen sera studied showed a clearcut reactivity with C1q, while anticollagenantibody-positive sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis did not display any cross-reactivity with C1q. Eleven of twenty collagen-immunized guinea pigs, however, demonstrated cellular cross reactivity with CLF, the collagen-like fragment of C1q. Gel filtration studies indicated the formation of complexes between CLF and collagen, simulating immunological inhibition of anti-C1q-antibody by collagen. Human RA synovial collagenase was found capable of splitting C1q at a position within its collagen like fragment. The importance of the interactions between collagen and C1q for the pathological events characterizing RA is discussed. PMID- 7006254 TI - [Enzyme histochemical demonstration of immunoglobulins in joint capsules in chronic polyarthritis and active inflammatory arthritis]. AB - In rheumatoid arthritis, immunoglobulins are detectable in joint capsules within the subsynovial space and in superficial cell layers in significantly greater frequency as compared with osteoarthritis. These extravascular immunoglobulins were demonstrated in good agreement by a three-step immuno-peroxydase technique and a two-step alkaline phosphatase technique, the former being preferable because of reduced unspecific background staining. Both techniques are at least as sensitive as conventional immunofluorescence while in addition rendering the histological evaluation of the entire joint capsule possible. Thus, the detection of extravascular immunoglobulins can be related to their activity as mediators of inflammation. Accordingly, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of superficial cells as well as stromal proliferation could be consequences of immunoglobulins or immune complexes persisting in the joint capsule. The histochemical techniques described here are suitable to morphologically distinguish osteoarthritis from chronic polyarthritis in histological sections. The presence of immunoglobulins in superficial cell layers and/or extravascular spaces argues in favour of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7006256 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism and its relation to urolithiasis]. PMID- 7006255 TI - [Therapeutic procedure in acute ulcer hemorrhage after cadaver donor kidney transplants]. AB - In 62 cadaver-donor-allograft recipients we observed 11 times gastrointestinal complications 7 times (11%) an ulcer or an erosion of the mucous membrane could be secured gastroscopically. The therapeutic remedy of choice seems to be the well-timed 2/3-resection after Billroth II, since a too long hesitation increases the number of complications, has a negative influence on the choice of the intervention and increases the lethality. PMID- 7006257 TI - [Embolization in urology]. PMID- 7006258 TI - [Indications and use of the inlay bridge]. PMID- 7006259 TI - Direct MPN for faecal coliform. AB - Samples of Nile and Ismailia canal water were subjected to direct inoculation and incubation at elevated temperatures. The results obtained showed that the use of MacConkey broth medium was better than EC broth. In addition, the Direct MPN technique revealed to be suitable and superior by 90% of the examined samples. A total of 300 isolates was recovered from Direct MPN-technique and identified by using IMViC reactions plus Eijkman test. 96% of the isolates were E. coli proper and 4% irregular types. PMID- 7006260 TI - Detergent effect on metabolic changes in microorganisms. A review. AB - Detergents contain a hydrophobic hydrocarbon structure and a hydrophilic group which may be anionic, cationic, or neutral. Detergents form stable emulsions and are capable of trapping lipid-soluble materials in the interior of the hydrophobic portion of the miscelles. Application of the knowledge of detergents to the discipline of microbiology would provide interesting and accurate data for further studies. PMID- 7006261 TI - Carbomycin, a macrolide antibiotic. AB - Carbomycin is produced by Streptomyces halstedii. It was produced in a medium containing the following ingredients (g/l): soybean meal, 30.0; glucose, 22.0; NaCl, 1.0; CaCO3, 5.0; CoCl2 . 6 H2O, 0.005; and lard oil, 4.0. Influence of trace elements on the biosynthesis of carbomycin was recorded. Methods of extraction and purification were given in the review article. Chemical and physical properties of carbomycin were also described. A microbiological assay method for carbomycin determination was described. Biosynthesis of carbomycin was reported. Mechanism of action of carbomycin on micro-organisms was also given in the review article. PMID- 7006262 TI - [Clinical experiences with the esophagus-stomach replacement using small and large intestine with plication]. PMID- 7006264 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (22)]. PMID- 7006263 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (20)]. PMID- 7006265 TI - [The late recognition of thoracic-abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7006266 TI - Role of thymidine for the activity of trimethoprim, sulfonamides and their combinations. AB - Thymidine levels in urines from 14 patients suffering from severe chronic urinary tract infection were determined microbiologically. The concentrations found were < 10 ng/ml to 33 ng/ml and these do not seem to be any different from the concentrations determined in healthy persons. Results from growth kinetic experiments support the assumption of low thymidine levels in the urines of these patients and in most cases trimethoprim or co-trimoxazole were seen to act in a bactericidal manner in these urine samples. Various aspects of the role of exogenous and endogenous thymidine for the activity and bactericidal effect of trimethoprim, sulfonamides and their combinations, their mutual synergism, the importance of thymine auxotrophs, the problem of thymidine availability and its role in testing media are discussed. PMID- 7006267 TI - [Investigation of mare sera for antibodies against acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas with ther enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (author's transl)]. AB - After abortion sera were taken from 58 thoroughbred and other mares of the northwestern part of Germany and investigated by ELISA (enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay) for antibodies against Mycoplasma equirhinis, M. subdolum, M. equigenitalium, M. pulmonis, M. felis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, A. hippikon, and A. equifetale. Reactions at serum dilutions of 1:32 and higher were considered as positive. At serum dilution 1:32 no antibodies were found in 11 sera. The remaining sera showed antibodies against one or more of the mycoplasma antigens investigated. The number of multiple reactions decreased with an increasing dilution of the sera. Titers were found between 1:32 and 1:256. In one case a titer of 1:2048 against M. equigenitalium antigen was found. Most often antibodies against A. laidlawii were observed i.e. in 37 sera. These antibodies also showed the highest titers. Only 3 sera contained antibodies against A. hippikon. Antibodies against M. felis and A. equifetale were found in 26 sera. Between 10 and 15 sera showed antibodies against the remaining mycoplasma species. PMID- 7006268 TI - [Investigations and review of literature relating to carcinogenesis. II. Communication: Cancer from foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006269 TI - The detection of mutagenic air pollutants from filter samples by the Salmonella/Mammalian S-9 mutagenicity test (Ames test) with S. typhimurium TA 98 (Part 1). AB - Particulate airborne pollutants, collected in 1977 at an urban point in Wanne Eickel, G.F.R., were investigated for mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella/mammalian S-9 mutagenicity tet with S. typhimurium TA98. Two kinds of filters were used: Mikrosorbanfilters (polystyrene) and Membranfilters (cellulose nitrate). Sample preparations obtained following gel chromatography of solutions of the Mikrosorbanfilters showed only weak mutagenic activity. Soxhlet extracts of the Membranfilters gave positive dose-response relations (figs. 3-6), while splitting the initial extract into six fractions resulted in the bacterial reversion rates due to certain sub-fractions increasing over the reversion rates due to the unfractionated preparation (fig. 7). The highest activities were observed in the fractions of the polar compounds and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some (30-50%) of the mutagenic activity was not enzymatically mediated. GC-MS analysis of the samples demonstrated the presence of an average content of around 11 microgram benzo(a)-pyrene/1000 m3 of air. PMID- 7006270 TI - Survival of shigellae in soil. AB - The survival of four Shigella strains in soil (Sh. sonnei, Sh. boydii, Sh. flexneri and Sh. dysenteriae) was studied under various conditions. Their survival period was tested in two different types of sterile soil at 18-20 degrees C and in one type of soil at 4 and 37 degrees C. This latter type of soil, after enrichment with casaminoacids or (NH4)2HPO4 was also used for testing again the survival of the strains at 18-20 degrees C. Though the initial number of the inoculated microorganisms was quite high (10(7) to 10(8) micr. per g of soil) the survival periods were generally short (6 to 39 days). It was found that their viability depended mainly on the bacterial species and not so much on the type of soil, enriched or not, and the temperature. Thus the survival period in soil was always longer for Sh. sonnei and Sh. boydii and shorter for Sh. flexneri and Sh. dysenteriae. The incubations at 4 degrees C or in enriched soil increased and in 37 degrees C decreased the longevity of the strains but for a few days. PMID- 7006271 TI - [Hygienic control of indoor swimming baths (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006272 TI - [Water - hygienic hazards in the past today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006274 TI - [Experience from amniofoetography in second half of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen amniofoetographies were evaluated in tabulated form, with methods and results being reported in this paper. Indications were limited. The importance of amniofoetography to differential diagnosis was found to be based on the specificity of ultrasonographic findings as well as on the disclosure of atresia in the gastro-intestinal tract and of congenital hydrops in cases of hydramnion. PMID- 7006273 TI - Effects of oestradiol and combined norephedrin and oestradiol treatment on female stress incontinence. AB - Thirteen postmenopausal stress incontinent women were treated with oestradiol for one month, and then with oestradiol in combination with norephedrine or placebo according to a double-blind, cross-over schedule. Therapeutic results were assessed by measuring changes in urethral closure pressure profile (UCPP) by means of micro transducer catheters, and by the patient's subjective assessment of the effects. Oestradiol had no effect on the symptom stress incontinence or on UCPP. Norephedrine in combination with oestradiol had a statistically significant therapeutic effect on the symptoms of the patients, and increased UCPP. However, the combination did not increase UCPP more than did norephedrine alone. PMID- 7006275 TI - Comparison of some properties of the CAMP-factor from Streptococcus agalactiae with the haemolytically latent active exosubstance from Streptococcus uberis. PMID- 7006276 TI - A simple scheme for identification of aerobic gram-negative bacteria with special reference to Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7006278 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Viktor Pavlovich Protopov]. PMID- 7006277 TI - [Diagnosing depression of a neurotic and subpsychotic character]. AB - Among 176 depressive symptoms informative symptomological combinations were differentiated (by means of mathematical methods) which characterize the neurotic and hypopsychotic depressions and provide a high percent of diagnosis of these conditions by a computer. An additional group of patients was distinguished which occupied a sort of intermediate position between the two mentioned categories. It was found, incidentally, that the vegetative syndromes within the framework of depressions have a rather small informative-diagnostic importance. PMID- 7006279 TI - [Current understanding of reactive states and key aspects of this problem (critical review)]. PMID- 7006280 TI - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of myasthenia (review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7006281 TI - [Steroid myopathies (review)]. PMID- 7006282 TI - [Glucose tolerance in miniature swine]. AB - Miniature pigs of the "Mini-Lewe" breed were used to study the behavior of glucose and insulin. Firstly, the blood glucose levels within definite intervals of life were determined, thereafter glucose and insulin data were collected during a day and for a period of 60 min (taking 5 blood samples). In intravenous glucose tolerance tests animals with varying glucose utilization were established. PMID- 7006283 TI - [Suture materials]. PMID- 7006284 TI - Pulmonary vascular reactions in experimental septicemia, A preliminary report. AB - Septicemia was induced in cats by infusion of live E. coli bacteria into the inferior vena cava, the portal vein or the aortic arch. Systemic arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow, pulmonary arterial blood pressure, intestinal blood flow and portal venous pressure were recorded continuously and arterial platelet and white blood cell counts and acid-base balance measured at intervals. Infusion of E.coli into the inferior vena cava induced an initial response characterized by systemic pressure reduction, unchanged or increased aortic blood flow and pulmonary hypertension. Intestinal blood flow decreased moderately, while portal pressure remained unchanged. The arterial infusion evoked a similar response. After portal infusion there was a more pronounced increase of aortic blood flow, a significantly less elevation of the pulmonary artery pressure, and the intestinal blood flow was maintained. The changes induced in arterial acid-base balance or in platelet and white cell counts were not influenced by the route of administration. It is concluded that the route of administration of bacteria is of importance when considering the relevance of experimental data to clinical septic states. PMID- 7006286 TI - Efficacy of steroids in the treatment of lung contusion. AB - Haemodynamic, metabolic and clinical data were recorded in patients suffering from lung contusion following blunt chest trauma. The effects of large doses of methylprednisolone (30 mg per kg b.w.) were studied in 10 patients selected at random, and compared with 10 patients receiving no steroids, but who otherwise were treated in the same way. Serious post-traumatic complications were reduced in the steroid group. The beneficial effect of the steroid treatment seemed to be associated with a significant reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, which may lead to a better tissue perfusion and a reduction of right heart work. PMID- 7006287 TI - [Serotyping of pneumococcus (blood cultures and tracheal puncture), sensitivity to antibiotics and consideration of the use of a specific vaccine]. PMID- 7006285 TI - Early hemodynamic and respiratory changes following tourniquet release - influence of large doses of methylprednisolone. AB - The early hemodynamic and respiratory response 5 and 15 minutes after tourniquet release in 26 patients operated upon for osteoarthrosis of the knee was studied. Fourteen randomly selected patients received 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone before releasing the tourniquet, while 12 patients served as control. Cardiac output remained unchanged in the steroid group, but fell significantly in the control group, while mean arterial pressure fell to the same level in all patients. Systemic vascular resistance was lowered in all patients but significantly more so in the steroid group, who also had lower pulmonary vascular resistance. Pa02 fell significantly in all patients after tourniquet release implying pulmonary microembolism. The oxygen consumption increased after tourniquet release in the steroid group, which together with the lower systemic vascular resistance indicates a better nutritive blood flow in the leg. The lower pulmonary vascular resistance in steroid patients resulted in a higher pulmonary capillary flow which however went to non- or poorly ventilated parts of the lung, seen as an increased intrapulmonary shunt. The shunt was unaffected in the control group. The improved leg and pulmonary blood flow indicates a beneficial effect of steroids on patients with fractures in combination with ischaemia. PMID- 7006289 TI - Effects of pentobarbital on hypothalamic catecholamines and LRH activities. AB - Pentobarbital (Pnt) injection at 12.30 h to ovariectomized rats suppressed the LRH contents of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in association with a significant fall in serum LH 60-90 min later. The LRH contents in the preoptic area (POA) were unchanged in Pnt treated rats. A similar effect on LRH levels in the MBH was also evident in ovariectomized rats pre-treated with oestradiol benzoate. Pnt administration rapidly reduced the noradrenergic (NE) turnover in the MBH and POA, whereas dopamine (DA) turnover was unaltered. These studies show that: (i) the apparent decrease in LRH secretion (release + contents) following Pnt treatment was associated with a fall in the hypothalamic NE neurotransmission, and (ii) LRH neurons and fibres in the MBH alone respond to Pnt treatment. PMID- 7006288 TI - [Value of the level of glycosylated hemoglobins in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7006290 TI - Comparison of intraperitoneal, intraportal and intravenous insulin infusion. AB - In order to avoid complications induced by long-term infusion of insulin into the portal vein, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal (ip) insulin infusion on arterial plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in 6 pigs, made diabetic by a constant intravenous (iv) infusion of glucose, epinephrine and propranolol. Insulin was infused by an electromechanical programmable mini-pump (Pharmaject Micro Infusion System, Pharmacia Electronics) as a booster injection of 46 mU highly purified porcine insulin Leo/kg body weight, followed by 3 infusion periods of 30 min each with stepwise decreasing rates of 1.6--0.8 and 0.2 mU/kg/min in a total volume of 192 microliters. Insulin was infused in a peripheral vein, a portal vein and into the peritoneal cavity. A steep rise of arterial plasma insulin was demonstrated followed by a slow and identical decline in the peripheral and portal experiments, whereas only a small increase of plasma insulin was seen in the ip experiment, indicating insufficient absorption of insulin from the peritoneal cavity. The decrease of plasma glucose was identical in the peripheral and portal vein experiments, indicating that insulin infused in the portal vein does not seem to have a higher hypoglycaemic effect, than insulin infused in a peripheral vein. Intraperitoneal insulin infusion seems not to be a practical substitute for iv insulin infusion. PMID- 7006291 TI - Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and its carrier protein in various metabolic disorders. PMID- 7006292 TI - An ultrastructural stereologic study of the effects of angiotensin II on the zona glomerulosa of rat adrenal cortex. AB - The effects of angiotensin II on the rat zona glomerulosa were investigated by morphometric and radio-immunological methods. Short-term (1 h) angiotensin administration induced lipid depletion in zona glomerulosa cells and a significant rise in the plasma aldosterone concentration. Chronic angiotensin treatment provoked a noticeable increase in the volume of the zona glomerulosa and its cells, which was mainly due to the hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial compartment. In chronically treated animals the output of aldosterone in response to a short-term stimulation with angiotensin II displayed a significant increase. These findings are interpreted as indicating that angiotensin II is involved in the stimulation of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the rat zona glomerulosa. PMID- 7006293 TI - Distribution volume, metabolic clearance and plasma half disappearance time of exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in normal women and women with obesity and anorexia nervosa. AB - Synthetic LRH was infused into normal women and women with obesity and anorexia nervosa to determine the distribution volume (DV), metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and half disappearance time (t 1/2) of plasma LRH. In normal women, the DV of LRH ws 12.1 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SE) 1, the MCR was 1478.9 +/- 39.8 ml/min (28.5 +/- 1.2 ml/min/kg body weight) and the initial t 1/2 was 5.6 +/- 0.4 min. In obese patients the DV (20.6 +/- 1.5 l) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P < 0.005), but the MCR and t 1/2 were not significantly different from those in normal subjects. In patients with anorexia nervosa the DV and MCR were 6.5 +/- 1.1 l and 621.8 +/- 110.5 ml/min (17.9 +/- 2.4 ml/min/kg body weight), respectively, which were both significantly lower than those in normal subjects (P < 0.02), while the t 1/2 (7.3 +/- 0.1 min) was longer than in normal subjects (P < 0.02). These data suggest that 1) the abnormal responses of some hormones to provocation tests observed in obese patients and patients with anorexia nervosa should be evaluated in consideration of changes in the DV and metabolic clearance of hormones in these conditions, and 2) in patients with anorexia nervosa changes in MCR and t 1/2 may reflect low metabolism of LRH. PMID- 7006294 TI - Hypernatraemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinaemia, retarded growth and delayed puberty in a 14 year old girl. Effect of bromocriptine treatment. AB - Investigations in a 14 year old girl with arrested growth for 2 years, delayed pubertal development, hypernatraemia without thirst, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipaemia are reported. The hypernatraemia was accompanied by a low vasopressin concentration with an abnormal response to thirst, high plasma renin but normal plasma aldosterone concentrations. Treatment with vasopressin and increased fluid intake decreased serum sodium levels. Serum gonadotrophins were low; GH response during an insulin tolerance test was subnormal and basal serum Prl concentration was elevated. Bone age, thyroid function and adrenal function were normal. After initiation of bromocriptine treatment her growth accelerated and regular menstruations commenced. The serum gonadotrophin levels increased and showed pulsatile release. A hypothalamic disorder is suggested, but no cerebral lesion could be demonstrated. PMID- 7006295 TI - Calcium and pancreatic beta-cell function. 12. Modification of 45Ca fluxes by excess of K+. AB - Glucose stimulation of insulin release is supposed to result from depolarization of the pancreatic beta-cells with subsequent influx of Ca2+. Isolated islets from non-inbred ob/ob-mice were employed for elucidating whether the glucose effects on the beta-cell handling of Ca2+ could be simulated by the depolarization evoked by excess of K+. Addition of 25 mM K+ was as effective as 20 mM glucose in stimulating the intracellular uptake of 45Ca. In both instances the additional amounts of incorporated 45Ca appeared in the mitochondria and the secretory granules. When analysing the washout pattern for 45Ca it was evident that the effects of raising K+ differed from those evoked by glucose. Whereas glucose inhibited 45Ca efflux during perifusion with Ca2+-deficient medium the addition of K+ resulted in a slight stimulation. Furthermore, the 45Ca incorporated in response to K+ was more readily mobilised. PMID- 7006296 TI - Fine-needle biopsy of sarcomas of the breast. AB - From 1967 through 1978, fine-needle biopsy of the breast was performed in a total of 612 cases including 415 benign and 197 malignant mammary lesions. In 16 cases the diagnosis was sarcoma, namely primary tumour in 12 cases (fusocellular, 2; round-cell, 1; chondromyxosarcoma, 1; leiomyosarcoma, 1; melanoblastoma, 1; angiosarcoma, 2; malignant cystosarcoma phylloides, 4), and metastatic sarcomas in 4 cases (round-cell, 1; reticulum-cell, 1; melanoblastoma, 2). The cytomorphology, the histology and the diagnostic problems of mesenchymal malignant neoplasms are discussed in detail, and the practical value in the pre operative diagnosis of mammary sarcomas by fine-needle biopsy is stressed. Clinical experience has proved that this procedure is harmless, therefore its routine application is recommended. PMID- 7006297 TI - Radiation pancreatitis: a necropsy study. AB - The responses of the normal pancrease to radiation administered to the abdomen, sacro-iliac joints and thoraco-lumbal vertebrae was studied in necropsy material. Changes were observed in every case. They consisted of vascular damage, oedema, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration of the interstitial tissue. There were changes affecting the secretory cells of the pancreatic glands and the epithelial lining of the intercalated ducts. Hyalinization of the islets of Langerhans was seen and there were scattered foci of necrosis. It is suggested that the type of histological changes may be correlated with the duration of survival after the exposure to radiation. The normal pancreas shows considerable damages on exposure to radiotherapy, but owing to its large reserve capacity clinical manifestations of the damage are infrequent PMID- 7006298 TI - Chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to corneal tissue extracts. AB - The chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of normal subject, to corneal extracts of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/dl protein concentration were studied in blind well type chemotactic chambers. E. coli endotoxin served for the positive, Rindex 5 fluid for the negative controls. The chemotactic response to corneal tissue extracts, as compared to random migration in the Rindex-5 medium, proved significant. It is suggested that chemotactic factors may be released from corneal grafts in vivo too, in consequence of diverse noxae. These factors are supposed to elicit a granulocytic invasion and to lead to an opacification of the graft as a result of a cellular reaction. PMID- 7006300 TI - [Belgian Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. Membership list--1980]. PMID- 7006299 TI - Nodular splenic immunocytoma. AB - In a 34-year-old woman a non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma with extreme splenomegaly and monoclonal IgM paraproteinaemia was seen. The removed spleen and splenic hilar lymph glands showed a nodular centroblastic-centrocytic malignant lymphoma with large numbers of plasmocytoid cells containing monotypical (monoclonal) IgM kappa type immunoglobulin. The case represents a borderline non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma with features of a follicular tumour and an immunocytoma. The appearance of peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions would support this assumption. Therapeutic measures (splenectomy and/or cytostatic treatment) and prognostic features (nodularity of the tumour) are discussed. PMID- 7006301 TI - Intravenous anesthesia. Its development towards its position in today's anesthesia. PMID- 7006302 TI - Different ventilatory patterns of respiratory resuscitation after near-drowning. PMID- 7006303 TI - Pediatric premedication: atropine or not? PMID- 7006306 TI - Antenatal cardiotocography. Methods, interpretation and clinical application. PMID- 7006305 TI - Serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores during pregnancy. PMID- 7006304 TI - Influence of piracetam and etiracetam compared to placebo, on rCBF and parameters of brain metabolism. AB - On occasion of a carotid angiography in man, regional cerebral bloodflow (rCBF) was measured before and after the injection of thiopental 5 mg/kg I.V. A significant decrease of rCBF was found after thiopental, in a previous study, due to a decrease of the brainmetabolism. To study the influence of piracetam and of etiracetam on this decrease of rCBF, 22 patients received intravenously the evening before the investigation 4 g piracetam or 4 g etiracetam or placebo, as well in the morning before the investigation and 30 minutes before the injection of thiopental. Besides the rCBF also other parameters were measured: arterial pressures, cardiac output, heart rate, as well as blood gases, glucose, lactate and pyruvate in the arterial blood and the cerebral venous blood, and blood gases in the mixed venous blood. There was no influence on the decrease of rCBF neither in the piracetam or etiracetam group, compared to the placebogroup. A few scarce minor changes were seen in the other measured parameters. PMID- 7006307 TI - [Open leg fractures. Review of cases from 1977 to 1978]. PMID- 7006308 TI - Hyperphenylalaninemia: diagnosis and classification of the various types of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in childhood. PMID- 7006309 TI - [Blasphemous expressions and religious ideas of sin in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7006310 TI - [Follow up study of adolescent psychiatric patients in view of social class, diagnosis, therapy and course of illness]. PMID- 7006312 TI - Visuo-motor dissociation in severely disturbed children: a study of Bender Gestalt Test performance. PMID- 7006313 TI - [Progress in the chemical study of flavanol compounds]. PMID- 7006311 TI - Family reactions to the hemodialysis of a child. PMID- 7006314 TI - [A study of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents -synthesis of cantharidine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006315 TI - [Progress in pharmacological studies of ginseng (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006316 TI - [Progress in the chemical constituents and analytical methods of Panax ginseng (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006317 TI - [Presidential address: psychotherapeutic itinerary between the confined body and the relaxed body]. PMID- 7006318 TI - [Dr. Marcel Alexander, 1887-1979]. PMID- 7006319 TI - Alcohol metabolism and alcoholism--pharmacogenetic considerations. PMID- 7006320 TI - Controlled evaluative studies of treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. PMID- 7006321 TI - Therapeutic sex drive reduction. AB - Sex drive reducing therapies are employed in those cases of anomalous erotic preferences in which the patient's sexual behaviour is dangerous (certain forms of sadism, or a preference for forcing intercourse or similar interaction) or while not really dangerous, is utterly unacceptable to the community (pedophilia and pedohebephilia) or is an embarrassment to the patient himself (exhibitionism). Three sex drive reducing therapies are in use, all designed for male patients, (1) pharmacological reduction of circulating testosterone, (2) orchidectomy, (3) deletion of certain brain structures by stereotaxic surgery. The main indication for pharmacological sex drive reduction is exhibitionism but here it should be used only temporarily, as a first emergency measure, and after that only intermittently, during periods when the patient can not manage his urges by techniques he should be taught by a behaviour therapist. In cases of unmanageable and dangerous sadism, orchidectomy is the method of choice--and the same would appear to be true for particular cases of pedohebephilia. Brain surgery in this realm is not yet based on sufficient knowledge and should be thoroughly studied on infrahuman primates, before use with humans could be seriously considered. PMID- 7006322 TI - Quantitative flow estimations of arteriovenous fistulas with Doppler and dye dilution techniques. AB - The flow in operatively created arteriovenous fistulas of 14 patients was calculated with Doppler and dye-dilution techniques. Good correlation was found between the 2 methods. Differences in the results and future examination techniques are discussed. PMID- 7006324 TI - Dietary fatty acids and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7006325 TI - Effect of verapamil on blood glucose and serum insulin in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism. AB - This investigation was carried out in order to study whether calcium antagonism may affect the basal peripheral venous insulin and/or glucose concentration in patients with abnormal thyroid function. For this purpose verapamil, a calcium blocking agent, was infused i.v. over a period of 180 min into 5 thyrotoxic, 4 hypothyroid and, for comparison 5 healthy controls. In the thyrotoxic group, verapamil induced a significant fall in glucose from 60 min on, whereas it had no significant effect on the concomitant insulin concentration. After 4-9 months, 4 of the 5 patients in this group were reinvestigated when euthyroid due to antithyroid treatment. At that time verapamil was without effect on both insulin and glucose concentrations. In the hypothyroid patients, verapamil brought about a transient but significant increase in insulin. Accordingly, insulin had increased by 93 +/- 14% (p < 0.01) after 30 min. From 60 min on it had returned to the control level. The blood glucose concentration tended to fall in response to the infusion, but never reached significantly below the control level. When 3 of the 4 hypothyroid patients were reinvestigated in an euthyroid state after 2-4 months of oral thyroxine substitution, verapamil did not affect either the insulin or the glucose concentration. In the healthy subjects verapamil was without effect on both the insulin and glucose concentrations. This study thus demonstrates an abnormal and different insulin-glucose response pattern to verapamil infusion in untreated hyper- and hypothyroid patients, which can be restored to normal by medical treatment, rendering these patients euthyroid. PMID- 7006327 TI - In vivo and ex vivo studies of the effect of vitamin E pre-treatment on PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis. PMID- 7006326 TI - The anti-thrombotic effects of prostacyclin. PMID- 7006323 TI - Videodensitometry and thermodilution for measuring left ventricular function. AB - In animal experiments contrast medium and physiologic saline were found to be equivalent as indicator substances in thermodilution. The ejection fraction is determined with approximately the same accuracy with thermodilution as with videodensitometry. The cardiac output, on the other hand, is smaller when determined with videodensitometry than with thermodilution. The results indicate that thermodilution gives too high values. PMID- 7006328 TI - Serum lipoprotein composition, platelet factor and arterial smooth muscle cells. AB - The incorporation of [3H] thymidine and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells were studied in the presence of human sera with high HDL cholesterol concentration, high LDL cholesterol concentration or with normal serum lipoprotein concentrations. The sera were prepared either conventionally (CPS, platelet factor present) or from platelet poor plasma by recalcification (PPPS). As compared to normolipidaemic sera, HDL aemic CPS decreased the incorporation of thymidine but LDL-aemic sera had no effect. HDL-aemic sera decreased markedly the synthesis of sulphated GAG but had no effect on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA). Therefore, the sulphated GAG/HA ratio was decreased. The decrease in sulphated GAG was observed only in the presence of CPS, not in the presence of PPPS. LDL-aemic sera decreased the synthesis of hyaluronic acid causing an increase in the sulphated GAG/HA ratio. This effect was observed in the presence of both CPS and PPPS. The results suggest that determination of the sulphated GAG/HA ratio in aortic smooth muscle cell cultures provides a useful method for estimating the atherogeneity of various sera. The anti-atherogenic effect of HDL-aemic sera seems to be dependent on the platelet factor while the atherogenic effect of LDL-aemic sera may be independent of the platelet factor. PMID- 7006329 TI - Thrombosis and blood vessel wall interactions in coronary disease. Foreword. PMID- 7006330 TI - Nature of radiation and chemically induced lesions and role of cellular mechanisms in cell survival and mutagenesis. I. Membrane and cellular repair. PMID- 7006331 TI - The nature of the target in the biological action of ionizing radiations. PMID- 7006332 TI - Mechanisms of prereplication repair of DNA breaks in gamma-irradiated E. coli cells. PMID- 7006333 TI - GABAergic mechanisms in the control of PRL and GH release. PMID- 7006334 TI - Neurochemical aspects of GABA and glutamate in the hypothalamo-pituitary system. PMID- 7006335 TI - Mass transport in tumors: characterization and applications to chemotherapy. PMID- 7006336 TI - Brain edema: pathology, diagnosis, and therapy. Introduction. PMID- 7006338 TI - The economic impact of coccidiosis in domestic animals. PMID- 7006337 TI - Resolution of vasogenic brain edema. PMID- 7006339 TI - Biocontrol in veterinary entomology. PMID- 7006340 TI - Stress and its measurement in domestic animals: a review of behavioral and physiological studies under field and laboratory situations. PMID- 7006341 TI - Current concepts in reproduction of the dog and cat. PMID- 7006342 TI - Banding techniques in chromosome analysis of domestic animals. PMID- 7006343 TI - Whole body autoradiography in metabolic studies of drugs and toxicants. PMID- 7006345 TI - [Cinobar, a new antimicrobial agent for the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 7006344 TI - Drug resistance in coccidia. PMID- 7006346 TI - [Pipemidic acid: a new antibiotic for the urinary tract. A comparative, double blind study of pipemidic acid and amoxidillin]. PMID- 7006347 TI - [Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection with cinoxacin. A comparative study with nitrofurantoin]. PMID- 7006348 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. AB - The administration of pure oxygen at higher than atmospheric pressure (hyperbaric oxygen) had been found useful as a primary method of treatment or as adjunctive therapy in a variety of disorders. Hyperbaric oxygen increases the oxygen available to hypoxic or anoxic tissues; in the case of anaerobic infections, it provides an environment in which the organisms cannot survive. The treatment should be started in the acute stage of the disorders for which it is indicated. Therefore, the family physician should be familiar with the uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and should be aware of a treatment facility in his area. PMID- 7006349 TI - Repair of fingertip lacerations and amputations. AB - Even minor losses of fingertip skin or subcutaneous tissue can be disabling. The location, size and orientation of the defect must be meticulously assessed. Particular attention to technique is required in providing digital block anesthesia, in using Z-plasty to redirect wounds which cross flexion creases and in providing adequate coverage of fingertip amputations. A correct repair will allow rapid recovery and an early return to activities. PMID- 7006350 TI - Group B streptococcus: a venereal-nosocomial infection. PMID- 7006351 TI - Group B streptococcus. AB - The Group B streptococcus has only recently been recognized as a cause of serious clinical disease, especially in infants under three months of age. These organisms are normally found in the female genital tract and also exist, at a lower rate, in male urethras. During labor and delivery, they are transmitted to the fetus in utero or during passage through the birth canal. Group B streptococcal infections in infants are associated with high mortality and sequelae rates despite antibiotic administration. PMID- 7006354 TI - Unapproved generics. A generation of confusion. PMID- 7006353 TI - The efficacy of coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7006352 TI - Modern approach to myocardial infarction: determination of prognosis and therapy. PMID- 7006355 TI - The early days of industrial hygiene--their contribution to current problems. AB - This Herbert E. Stokinger Lecture, directed to the post-1970 industrial hygienists, describes the concepts and contributions of the early industrial hygienists in 1) the determination of standards-TLVs; and 2) the methods of obtaining better working conditions in industry. The scientists who developed the data and proposed the TLVs clearly understood their limitations and the many variable factors in applying these in industry, hence TLVs were suggested only as guides which allowed initiative, experimentation and value judgment by industrial hygienists. Industrial hygiene administration in the 1930's and '40's was the responsibility of state and local health departments (except in two states). In contrast to OSHA's penalty system, the philosophy was to educate and assist industry to understand their health problems and to advise them how to develop safe and healthy working conditions. Special emphasis was placed on small plants. These programs were very successful in most states. Because of OSHA's inability to inspect the small plants, it is recommended that those plants with less than 100 employees be removed from OSHA's jurisdiction and placed under the supervision of special divisions of state and local health departments, financed by USPHS funds, and that the type of service to these small industries be similar to that in the 1930's. PMID- 7006356 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiography: physical principles, anatomic planes, limitations and pitfalls. AB - Although M mode echocardiography has achieved a prominent role in the diagnosis and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, the limited area of view afforded by M mode techniques has restricted the application of ultrasound in many areas. The development of two dimensional echocardiography has obviated many of the limitations inherent in the narrow view of the M mode technique. It has enabled imaging of the heart from additional transducer locations, permitted determination of shape and anatomy and provided the ability to determine motion along two axes. Several types of two dimensional echocardiographs have been developed, and each type offers both advantages and disadvantages. Although two dimensional echocardiography has provided a larger area of view with ultrasound, it has also introduced new limitations including a larger and bulkier transducer, a much reduced sampling rate and a difficult display medium (videotape). In addition, new considerations regarding ultrasonic resolution have been raised. Two dimensional techniques have resulted in new pitfalls in ultrasonic diagnosis related to instrument artifacts as well as to performance and interpretation of the examination. The spurious appearance of cardiac masses because of these ultrasonic artifacts represents a particularly prominent diagnostic pitfall that must be avoided in daily practice. It is anticipated that the new wider field of view provided by two dimensional echocardiography combined with a standard high resolution capability of ultrasound (2 to 4 mm) will result in an increasingly large role for echocardiography in the management of patients with heart disease. PMID- 7006357 TI - Cardiac nuclear imaging: principles, instrumentation and pitfalls. AB - The requirements for cardiac imaging with nuclear techniques are: (1) a radiolabeled tracer that is distributed in proportion to the function under investigation; (2) a collimator to allow photons arising only from specific areas of the heart to interact with the imaging device; (3) an imaging device to convert the gamma photon energy into an electrical signal that can be processed and displayed; and (4) a computer to record the information and permit quantification and optimal display of the data. One characteristic of nuclear imaging techniques is the requirement of averaging of a number of cardiac cycles to provide data for interpretation, whereas th information recorded with nuclear probes can be analyzed on a beat by beat basis. The data can be reviewed both visually and quantitatively. Semiautomatic methods of measuring ejection fraction, which correlate well with data from cardiac catheterization, have been in clinical use for several years. However, these techniques are not capable of correctly analyzing the data from all patients. Particular errors occur with gating, tracking the edge of the ventricle or in the selection of a background area, which may result in the calculation of an erroneous election fraction. In the future, short-lived radiopharmaceutical agents will result in a lower radiation burden to patients and higher quality studies in a shorter period of time, and tomographic techniques should provide new insights into the structure and function of the heart. PMID- 7006358 TI - Evaluation of the left ventricle with two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Two dimensional echocardiography, because of its wide field of view, has been shown to be superior to the M mode approach for ultrasonic evaluation of the left ventricle. The use of this technique for determination of ventricular volume estimates and detection of asynergy has been promising but is limited by compromised image quality found in many patients with ischemic heart disease. Because it supplies cross-sectional information about the ventricular chamber and wall thickness simultaneously, this new technique lends itself to the anatomic localization of changes in regional performance that accompany ischemic heart disease. It allows simultaneous study of regional dynamic changes in chamber circumference, wall thickness and motion characteristics that give practical information on coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7006359 TI - Monitoring cardiac function with nuclear techniques. AB - Noninvasive imaging with radioactive tracers has become widely used since its introduction in the early 1970s. Improvements continue to be made in the techniques and the clinical applications. Much of the information provided by these techniques is new. The first transit studies are used mainly in the evaluation of pulmonary transit time, detection of intracardiac shunting, evaluation of right ventricular function, measurement of ejection fraction and detection of wall motion abnormalities at rest and after exercise. The gated blood pool study is found to be most useful in assessment of global left ventricular function, regional wall motion, valve regurgitation and right ventricular function. The techniques of nuclear cardiac imaging are noninvasive, simple, successfully performed in almost 100 percent of cases. They are easy to interpret, able to be quantified and able to be almost totally automated. Their use is likely to become more widespread in the future. PMID- 7006360 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of left ventricular aneurysm. AB - Gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy is a noninvasive method to assess regional and global left ventricular function in the patient with suspected true or false left ventricular aneurysm after a myocardial infarction. The procedure is easy to perform and provides reproducible, high resolution images that can accurately distinguish from diffuse contractile abnormalities often present after myocardial infarction. An overall accuracy rate of 96 percent for detection of left ventricular aneurysm can be obtained with gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy as compared with contrast left ventriculography. The procedure also permits assessment of functional reserve of the noninvolved myocardium and thus can provide valuable information on whether enough viable myocardium will remain after aneurysmectomy. The addition of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy may aid in the separation of viable from scarred myocardium at the edge of the aneurysm. Both radionuclide techniques are well suited for screening the patient after infarction with persistent congestive heart failure, malignant arrhythmia or systemic emboli in whom a left ventricular aneurysm may have developed. PMID- 7006362 TI - Echocardiographic detection of coronary artery disease. Detection of effects of ischemia on regional myocardial wall motion and visualization of left main coronary artery disease. AB - M mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic studies at rest have been used to detect regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities as a sign of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. These techniques have proved to be fairly specific but not highly sensitive. Detection of new regional wall motion abnormalities with cross-sectional echocardiography during exercise appeared practical in 80 percent of patients in preliminary studies; the finding of such abnormalities is highly specific for the presence of coronary artery disease and, with this approach, the sensitivity of echocardiography is improved. Thus, patients with anatomically severe coronary artery disease on angiography may not manifest an echocardiographic abnormality in regional wall motion even during exercise. The direct noninvasive detection of the left main coronary artery in up to 90 percent of patients studied with cross-sectional echocardiography using the short axis or apical approach, or both, has been well defined. A high sensitivity and specificity of detecting anatomically severe left main coronary artery disease using the criteria of both luminal impingement and the presence of high intensity echoes have been confirmed. Further advances in imaging techniques may allow for better definition of the coronary arterial tree. PMID- 7006361 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography in mitral, aortic and tricuspid valve prolapse. The clinical problem, cardiac nuclear imaging considerations and a proposed standard for diagnosis. AB - The mitral valve prolapse syndrome may present with a variety of clinical manifestations and has proved to be a common cause of nonspecific cardiac symptoms in clinical practice. Primary and secondary forms must be distinguished. Myxomatous degeneration appears to be the common denominator of the primary form. The diagnostic standard of this form has not previously been defined because the detection of mitral leaflet tissue in the left atrium (prolapse) on physical examination or angiography is nonspecific. M mode echocardiography has greatly enhanced the recognition of this syndrome but has not proved to be the best diagnostic standard because of its limited view of mitral valve motion. The advent of two dimensional echocardiography has provided the potential means for specific identification of the mitral leaflet motion in systole and can be considered the diagnostic standard for this syndrome. Primary myxomatous degeneration with leaflet prolapse is not localized to the mitral valve. Two dimensional echocardiography has detected in preliminary studies tricuspid valve prolapse in up to 50 percent and aortic valve prolapse in about 20 percent of patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7006363 TI - Exercise radionuclide imaging approaches to coronary artery disease. AB - Exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging and exercise radionuclide angiography are the two techniques of nuclear cardiology most widely used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. EAch of these tests provides information of diagnostic and functional value. The diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of these two tests for the detection of coronary artery disease are compared. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed. A clinical approach to the detection and evaluation of coronary artery disease using these radionuclide exercise techniques is presented. PMID- 7006364 TI - Echocardiography in acute and remote myocardial infarction. AB - Two dimensional echocardiography is just beginning to be used to characterize cardiac damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The two dimensional approach allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of cardiac anatomy and is able to detect with high sensitivity changes in regional wall motion that previously were sometimes missed or only found with difficulty using M mode echocardiography. Two dimensional echocardiography appears to offer a basis for quantifying the extent of myocardial damage in acute myocardial infarction and thus may permit objective assessment of therapeutic modalities and prognosis. In addition, the technique facilitates recognition of specific complications in acute myocardial infarction. In particular, the technique offers te ability to distinguish true from false ventricular aneurysm, postinfarction ventricular septal defect from papillary muscle dysfunction and rupture, and right ventricular infarction from cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7006365 TI - Thallium-201 versus technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial imaging in detection and evaluation of patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging is of value in the early detection and evaluation of patients with suspected acute infarction. The extent of a thallium defect in an initial myocardial image may have important prognostic value. Tomographic imaging techniques hold promise for increased diagnostic sensitivity and more accurate quantitation of both infarcted and residual viable myocardium. Thallium imaging may have a special value in characterizing patients with cardiogenic shock and in detecting patients at risk for subsequent infarction or death or death or both, before hospital discharge. Approximately 95 percent of patients with transmural or nontransmural myocardial infarction can be detected with technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial imaging if the imaging is performed 24 to 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. Pyrophosphate imaging has been useful in localizing the site and determining the extent of acute myocardial infarction. The "doughnut" pattern is associated with a relatively large incidence of subsequent congestive heart failure and death. However, the clinical utility of this information is limited because it is usually not available when it is most needed, on admission to the coronary care unit. Pyrophosphate imaging may have an important role in the evaluation of patients during the early follow-up period after hospital discharge from an episode of acute infarction. The finding of a persistently positive pyrophosphate image suggests a poor prognosis and is associated with a relatively large incidence of subsequent myocardial infarction and death. PMID- 7006366 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease. AB - Two dimensional echocardiography has enhanced the ability of the clinician to define accurately intracardiac anatomy and great vessel relations. By visualizing relations of the great arteries and determining ventricular situs in the parasternal short axis planes and by assessing the relation of the great arteries to ventricles atrioventricular (A-V) valves and the interventricular septum in the parasternal and apical long axis view, complex congenital heart disorders can readily be differentiated. The subcostal approach allows accurate identification and localization of interatrial and interventricular septal defects. Utilizing the apical parasternal four chambered or subcostal four chambered view, complex malformations of the A-V valves such as complete endocardial cushion defect and Ebstein's anomaly can readily be appreciated. The suprasternal approach has allowed direct visualization of a coarcted aortic segment. The differentiation of left and right ventricular outflow obstruction is also possible. In some patients, it is possible to achieve an accurate diagnosis with two dimensional echocardiography alone. In others, two dimensional echocardiography provides accurate and detailed information with regard to spatial anatomy and valve morphology so that invasive studies can be performed more expeditiously, with less contrast agent and hence with greater safety. With regard to future developments, better resolution capability with newer instrumentation and combined two dimensional echocardiography with Doppler blood flowmeter studies may provide even greater diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disorders. PMID- 7006367 TI - Doppler echocardiography: applications, limitations and future directions. AB - On the basis of principles that are similar to (but differ slightly from) those that underlie M mode and two dimensional techniques, pulsed Doppler echocardiography permits evaluation of intracardiac blood flow noninvasively. This technique is helpful in the diagnosis and management of patients with valvular and congenital heart disease, and in some circumstances provides information not available from M mode or two dimensional imaging. Despite several notable limitations, pulsed Doppler echocardiography is a useful diagnostic technique whose clinical application is likely to increase as future technologic improvements occur. PMID- 7006368 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow, metabolism and function assessed noninvasively with positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission computed tomography is a new technique of potential value for the noninvasive measurement of myocardial blood flow, mechanical function and, in particular, metabolism. The capability of this new study method is attributable to the technologic innovations of the imaging device and the availability of radioactive tracers that are specific for blood flow and metabolism. The device permits recording of cross-sectional images of the left ventricular myocardium that quantitatively reflect regional tracer tissue concentrations. Use of tracer kinetic models with this new technique permits measurements of regional glucose and fatty acid metabolism of the heart. Positron emission tomography is already an important new tool for investigative studies of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology; its clinical utility remains to be defined. PMID- 7006370 TI - The frustrated benevolence of "Dr. Anonymous". AB - Shortly after William Heberden published his original description of the clinical features of angina pectoris in 1772, he received an intriguing letter from an unnamed physician who suffered from the disease. The case of "Dr. Anonymous" is significant as the earliest account of ischemic heart disease clearly associated with ventricular arrhythmias. This astute observer not only predicted his own sudden death, but also offered his body in the benevolent hope that autopsy correlation would contribute to the understanding of the cause of angina pectoris. PMID- 7006371 TI - Burton Lowell Baker 1912--1978. PMID- 7006369 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: potential cardiac applications. AB - During the past several years, the production of high resolution images of organs in intact animals and human beings using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) has generated much interest and raised the possibility that the technique could be usefully applied to clinical problems. Because the images are derived from biochemical as well as structural information, valuable data relating to the metabolic status of the tissues and organs may be obtained. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging involves no potentially hazardous ionizing radiation. The technology of the technique is complex and much work remains to be done defining the biochemical and physiologic basis of such images, but the potential rewards of defining the metabolic state of organs such as heart and brain in the intact animal and human justify continued research. PMID- 7006372 TI - Immunoreactive calcitonin in the rat anterior pituitary gland and its localization in thyrotrophs. AB - The distribution of those cells in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat which stain immunohistochemically with rabbit anti-human calcitonin serum has been examined. Immunoreactive cells were confined primarily to the ventral surface of the gland and possessed both a distribution and morphology distinct from the corticotrophs. Staining of serial thin sections with rabbit anti-rat TSH-subunit serum resulted in an immunoreaction in those cells that stained for calcitonin. However, not all the thyrotrophs gave a positive immunoreaction for calcitonin. It is concluded from this study that it is inappropriate to attribute calcitonin as being part of the 31K-dalton precursor for adrenocorticotropin, a hypothesis that was proposed earlier. In the immunohistochemical reaction with anti calcitonin serum, it was found that relatively high concentrations of antigen (500 micrograms/ml) were required in absorption experiments in order to inhibit staining. Furthermore, the staining of thyrotrophs with the anti-calcitonin serum was inhibited after preadsorption of the primary antiserum with excess rat beta TSH (1000 micrograms/ml). Because of these immunochemical characteristics, it is questionable whether the calcitonin-like material observed in the rat pituitary gland is chemically identical to that of thyroidal calcitonin. PMID- 7006374 TI - Immunocytochemistry of prolactin-producing human pituitary adenomas. AB - Among 92 surgically removed pituitary adenomas immunostained for prolactin and growth hormone, 70 showed positive staining for prolactin. The majority of these (54) was associated with hyperprolactinemia leading to amenorrhea (and often galactorrhea) in women of reproductive age. Similar tumors, asymptomatic or conducive to disturbances of sexual function, were found in six hyperprolactinemic men. Among nine acromegalics, seven had immunostained lactotrophs associated with the somatotrophic adenomas cells, but only two of these had hyperprolactinemia. In all of the remaining tumors that had at least some immunoreactive lactotrophs, mild hyperprolactinemia had been present This indicates that immunostaining of pituitary tumors for prolactin correlated well with elevated plasma prolactin levels, except in the case of mixed somatolactotrophic adenomas. The patterns of distribution of immunoreactive prolactin in adenoma cells are illustrated. Since only some of the prolactin producing adenomas stained with carmoisine--a dye that has been suggested as a marker for prolactin cells--immunocytochemistry is the method of choice for the identification of prolactin-secreting adenomas. PMID- 7006373 TI - Functional classification of cell types in the growth hormone- and prolactin secreting rat MtTW mammosomatotropic tumor with ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. AB - The aim of this study was to identify the neoplastic endocrine cells which contain growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), in the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor, with ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. We used tumors recovered after 5 to 11 weeks of tumor development, from normal (untreated) rats and from rats treated with the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)--a stimulator of GH secretion in these tumors. Immunocytochemical staining was done with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on ultrathin sections of tumor that had been fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed on osmium tetroxide. Immunospecific staining for PRL was found over small (150 nm) secretion granules, whereas staining for GH was deposited on the larger secretion granules (250 nm). Tumors from MPA-treated rats contained profuse numbers of neoplastic cells with large, GH-positive granules. Immunocytochemical staining for GH and PRL was also found in crinophagic, lysosome-like inclusions, particularly in cells that contained many secretion granules. The results support the hypothesis that GH and PRL are produced by separate neoplastic endocrine cell types in the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor, and demonstrate the value of ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis for functional classification of cell types in chromophobic pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7006375 TI - Electron-microscopic cytochemical studies on the secretory process in rat prolactin cells in primary culture. AB - Three aspects of the secretory process in male rat prolactin (PRL) cells grown in primary cultures for 7--14 days have been investigated by cytochemical methods. The subcellular localization of prolactin has been studied using preembedding or postembedding immunocytochemical methods after various fixatives. With the postembedding method, PRL is localized essentially in secretory granules. The maximum intensity of staining is obtained with PAF fixative. With the preembedding method, subcellular localization of the staining varies depending on the fixative. After PAF-fixation, positive staining is observed on secretory granules, ground cytoplasm, the outer face of some RER cisternae and, in a few cells, on the innermost Golgi cisternae, as well as on masses of condensing secretory material. After Ohtsuki's hypotonic fixative followed by saponin permeabilization, PRL is visualized within the totality of RER cisternae, including the perinuclear cisternae and the peripheral saccules on the cis-Golgi face. Secretory granules are unstained. Membrane traffic was investigated using the Con A-HRP indirect method as a tracer of surface saccharides. Plasma membrane, coated with Con A-HRP at 4 degrees C, is slowly internalized at 37 degrees C. This involves both randomly distributed invaginations and capping. The final step of endocytosis (1--2 hours) is located in the Golgi zone, where very few smooth membranes are stained. In contrast, a conspicuous deposit is found around the dense content of secretory granules. This suggests a recycling of internalized membrane and a transfer of Con A-HRP from the inner face of smooth cisternae to the secretory material. The internalization of Con A-HRP-coated membrane leads to an inhibition of PRL release starting after 30 minutes. This is accompanied by a marked increase of acid phosphatase activity, mostly around forming and mature secretory granules. PMID- 7006376 TI - Functional differentiation in acute monoblastic leukemia. AB - Blasts from the bone marrow of a patient who had acute monoblastic leukemia were studied for functional maturity. Classification of the leukemia was based on cytochemical stains. The blasts were negative when stained with Sudan black B and did not have specific esterase activity. They were rich in alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, which was inhibited by fluoride. Functional assays included phagocytosis of Candida albicans, fungicidal activity measured by differential Giemsa staining of the ingested C. albicans, and locomotion using the agarose method to evaluate both random migration and chemotaxis. At a ratio of 20 yeast cells to one monoblast, 80% of the blasts could be stimulated to phagocytize an average of 4.4 organisms. These results compared favorably with the phagocytic potential of normal human monocytes. Candidacidal activity was present, but reduced. At high ratios of yeasts to monoblasts, only ten organisms were killed for every 100 phagocytic blasts. This correlates with the absence of myeloperoxidase activity demonstrated by negative Sudan black B staining. Neither chemotaxis nor random migration could be demonstrated, indicating that monoblasts lacked the apparatus necessary for locomotion. Extrapolation of these findings to normal monocyte maturation suggests that phagocytosis is acquired prior to microbicidal activity, which develops prior to locomotion. PMID- 7006377 TI - Prostatic histogenesis of metastases. PMID- 7006378 TI - Localization of the receptors for activated complement on the visceral epithelial cells by the human renal glomerulus by immunoenzymatic microscopy. AB - Horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG-anti-IgG immune complexes bearing activated third component of complement, C3, were used as indicator particles for the localization of the complement receptor in the human renal glomerulus. The HRP labeled IgG-anti-IgG complexes were coated with activated C3 by exposing them to fresh human serum as a source of complement. This represents a more physiologic indicator particle for complement receptor-bearing structures than the synthetic immune complexes previously used. By light microscopy, the deposition of the complexes was restricted to the glomeruli. By transmission electron microscopy, the complexes were selectively associated with the surface of the visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). Complexes exposed to buffer alone or to heat inactivated human serum failed to adhere to any of the renal structures examined. PMID- 7006379 TI - Four-hour presumptive identification of Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures. AB - A modification of the Minitek identification system for the four-hour identification of gram-negative bacilli recovered from blood cultures was developed. This method enabled our laboratory to identify correctly 99 of 100 consecutive isolates of all members of Enterobacteriaceae representing seven genera and nine species. All rapid identifications were confirmed using conventional biochemical methods. The procedure employs 11 Minitek biochemical discs inoculated with 0.1 ml of a dense organism suspension. Two-tenths milliliter of this suspension was added to a blank well for motility testing. In most instances, identification reactions were identical to those routinely used for the Minitek system. Only with the biochemical citrate disc does the interpretation vary from the Minitek standard. In addition to the blood culture isolates, 22 unknown organisms were also tested. All were correctly identified within four hours of the detection of visible turbidity in broth. This method offers a convenient, economic, and rapid means of identifying gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood cultures. PMID- 7006380 TI - Spironolactone bodies. An immunoperoxidase study with biochemical correlation. AB - The present immunoperoxidase study attempted to localize aldosterone and cortisol in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adrenal glands or tumors. Apparently, steroid substances are solubilized during routine tissue processing, and the cytoplasm of adrenal cortical cells is not stained by either antialdosterone or anticortisol antibodies. However, spironolactone bodies react positively with antialdosterone antibody. The presence of aldosterone in the concentric laminations of spironolactone bodies supports the concept that spironolactone bodies are not artifacts. Furthermore, the fact that aldosterone does survive in spironolactone bodies suggests that it is bound in some unusual form. The spironolactone bodies are probably derived from endoplasmic reticulum, and the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum are considered capable of storing steroids. It is likely that during the formation of spironolactone bodies are probably derived from endoplasmic reticulum, and the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum are considered capable of storing steroids. It is likely that during the formation of spironolactone bodies, aldosterone or a few cortisol-like substances are trapped in these laminated concentric bodies. PMID- 7006381 TI - Comparative toxicities of methicillin and nafcillin. AB - In a prospective, randomized study, 75 infants and children were treated with methicillin sodium and 74 were treated with nafcillin sodium. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of therapy, types off illnesses, etiologic bacteria, and bacteremia. Clinical responses were also comparable. The frequencies of fever, rash, eosinophilia, neutropenia, anemia, and abnormal hepatic enzymes were the same in the two groups. Two patients in each group had transient hematuria early in their course that resolved despite continued antibiotic therapy. Definite urologic toxic effect did not occur in patients who received nafcillin, while four (5.3%) of the methicillin-treated patients were judged to have this complication. In addition, six patients (8%) who received methicillin had questionable evidence of urologic toxic effect. It is concluded that methicillin and nafcillin have comparable clinical efficacy and adverse effects, with the exception that definite urologic toxic effect has been observed with nafcillin therapy. PMID- 7006383 TI - Use of Bernoulli census and log-linear methods for estimating the prevalence of spina bifida in livebirths and the completeness of vital record reports in New York State. AB - Data from birth certificates (BC), death certificates (DC) and medical rehabilitation files (MR) were analyzed to estimate the livebirth prevalence of spina bifida in upstate New York in 1969-1974 and the completeness of the data sources. Birth certificates listed about 68% of cases, death certificates about 27% and medical rehabilitation files about 25%. The three sources together, it is estimated, included only about 80% of cases in the population. For each source, comparisons of estimates of completeness derived using each of the other two as reference sources were found to be useful for evaluating the likelihood of source dependence. The estimated livebirth prevalence rate, adjusting for incomplete reporting and the observed negative dependence of MR and DC sources, was 0.85 per 1000 livebirths by both Bernoulli census and log-linear methods. Taking into account in addition evidence for a BC-DC positive dependence, the resulting prevalence rate estimates were slightly higher, 0.88 per 1000 by log-linear methods and 0.90 per 1000 by the Bernoulli census approach. In view of the likely BC-DC positive dependence, it is suggested that Bernoulli census estimates derived using only these two sources without some ancillary third data source are likely to be biased to a false low figure. Nevertheless, estimates from BC and DC alone may still be useful in establishing that the prevalence rate is above some minimum figure, for example a "breakeven" prevalence rate, in cost-benefit analyses of a possible prevention program. PMID- 7006382 TI - Cerulein-induced pancreatic polypeptide secretion. Its inhibition by atropine and its possible role in regulating gallbladder relaxation. AB - Intramuscular administration of cerulein caused an abrupt rise in plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in normal subjects. Pretreatment by atropine tended to lower the basal plasma PP level and significantly blunted the cerulein-induced PP secretion. It appears, therefore, that PP secretion induced by cerulein is under vagal control. In addition, in normal subjects, a gallbladder series first revealed a well-filled gallbladder of normal size and shape, which then contracted most strongly after a cerulein injection at a time corresponding exactly with the peak plasma PP levels produced by the cerulein. Since exogenous PP is known to cause a relaxation of the gallbladder, it is possible that endogenous PP plays an important role in gallbladder motility. PMID- 7006384 TI - The pancreatic islets in diabetes. AB - Despite the fact that heterogeneity of diabetes in man has become more and more evident in recent years, its pancreatic pathology is still represented by two distinct entities, roughly corresponding to the classic juvenile-onset and maturity-onset types of the disease. In juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes, the pancreatic islets show severe and pathognomonic changes. B cells are greatly reduced in number already at clinical onset. Contrary to classic opinion they do not always disappear in the years to follow. Insulitis, a common finding in the pancreas of recent onset juvenile diabetic subjects, is compatible with a viral infection as well as with an autoimmune reaction as the cause of B cell destruction. In the pancreas of juvenile-onset diabetic subjects the islets, which in the past have been regarded as atrophic and inactive, are actually composed of cells containing glucagon and somatostatin. There is also a profound distortion of islet organization, and many endocrine cells are scattered as single cells in the exocrine tissue. These findings may well account for the abnormal secretory behavior of the glucagon-secreting A cells in insulin dependent juvenile-onset diabetes. In maturity-onset, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, the pancreatic pathology is extremely variable and not pathognomonic. A numeric reduction of the B cells can be demonstrated in many maturity-onset diabetic subjects, but this reduction is much more moderate than in insulin dependent juvenile-onset diabetic subjects and does not account for the disease. The same amount of B cell reduction can be found in many elderly subjects without clinical evidence of diabetes. In many maturity-onset diabetic subjects, the cytologic characteristics of the B cells suggest a decreased responsiveness to the stimulus of hyperglycemia. Islet fibrosis and hyalinosis (amyloidosis), although common, cannot explain this secretory dysfunction. The exact site of the defect in the B cells of maturity-onset diabetic subjects remains to be defined. Further investigations are necessary to assess the role of disturbed intraislet intercellular relationships in the pathogenesis of late-onset diabetes. The dual pattern of islet pathology in diabetes in man does not preclude a more profound heterogeneity in the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7006385 TI - The rise and fall of disease. PMID- 7006386 TI - Autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and immune mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis and etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The onset of the disease is associated with a major loss of beta cells, and inflammatory cells may be seen in and around the islets of Langerhans. Insulin-dependent diabetes is often associated with autoimmune endocrinopathies. Antipancreatic cell-mediated autoimmunity is found predominantly in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset as are antibodies reactive with cytoplasmic components or cell surface determinants of islet cells. Antibodies reactive with live islet cells may mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The antigen(s) in the islet cells remain(s) to be identified and characterized. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether autoimmunity is the cause of beta-cell destruction or whether it is a consequence of damages caused by exogenous agents in susceptible persons. PMID- 7006387 TI - Insulin action. AB - Our understanding of the molecular basis of insulin actin remains incomplete, but important new insights have been achieved recently. All available evidence to date indicates that intracellular signalling by the hormone results from its initial interaction with specific cell surface receptors. Insulin receptors from all tissues studied to date appear to be minimally composed of two Mr 125,000 subunits denoted as alpha and two Mr 90,000 subunits denoted as beta. The beta subunit is extremely sensitive to proteolytic cleavage near the center of its amino acid chain. The four subunits are linked together by disulfide bonds to give a symmetrical configuration with a stoichiometry of (alpha-s-s-beta)-s-s (alpha-s-s-beta). This structure is remarkably similar to the general subunit composition of immunoglobulin G molecules and provides a structural basis for the postulate that this minimum insulin receptor structure may be divalent for binding hormone. A second area of recent progress involves the successful generation of a soluble factor or factors by insulin that are capable of modulating the activity of insulin-sensitive enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) dependent protein kinase in cell-free systems. Indirect evidence indicates that the putative mediator or mediators of insulin action exhibits properties expected of a low molecular weight peptide, including destruction by proteases. The data available are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin-receptor interaction leads to the activation of a membrane protease that catalyzes the release of a peptide mediator or mediators of insulin action. PMID- 7006388 TI - Mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. AB - Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of both obesity and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In general, the causes of insulin resistance can be placed into three categories: (1) abnormal beta cell secretory products, (2) circulating insulin antagonists, and (3) target tissue defects in insulin action. In obesity and in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the cause of the insulin resistance resides at the level of the target tissue. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these insulin-resistant states are heterogeneous. Mechanisms of insulin resistance can be evaluated by constructing in vivo dose response curves using the euglycemic glucose clamp technique. If dose-response curves are shifted to the right with no impairment in maximal insulin action, then this is termed a decrease in "insulin sensitivity" and is consistent with a pure defect in insulin receptors. If a decrease in maximal insulin action exists, then this is termed a decrease in "insulin responsiveness" and is consistent with a postreceptor defect in insulin action. In obese patients, cellular insulin receptors are decreased and the magnitude of this decrease is inversely related to the degree of hyperinsulinemia. In those patients with only moderate hyperinsulinemia, the insulin resistance is not severe. In these patients, the in vivo dose-response curve between plasma insulin levels and glucose disposal demonstrates a rightward shift with no change in maximal insulin responsiveness. Thus, in this situation, insulin resistance is due to decreased insulin receptors only. In obese patients with more severe insulin resistance, decreased maximal insulin responsiveness is also seen indicating a combined receptor and postreceptor defect. In patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the same phenomenon is observed; i.e., those patients with mild insulin resistance have decreased insulin sensitivity due to decreased insulin receptors whereas those with severe insulin resistance have decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased insulin responsiveness due to a combined receptor and postreceptor defect. When the spectrum of patients is examined, a continuum of defects exists. In patients with mild insulin resistance, decreased insulin receptors are the only abnormality; in patients with severe insulin resistance, decreased numbers of insulin receptors and the postreceptor defect in insulin action coexist, but the postreceptor defect is the predominant abnormality. Between these extremes the relative roles of receptor defects and postreceptor defects vary, but the general trend is that as insulin resistance worsens, the postreceptor defect becomes more prominant. PMID- 7006389 TI - Mechanisms of insulin resistance in man. Assessment using the insulin dose response curve in conjunction with insulin-receptor binding. AB - During the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that insulin resistance may be a more frequent cause of carbohydrate intolerance or contributing factor in carbohydrate intolerance than was hitherto appreciated. Abnormal insulin action may result from prereceptor, receptor or postreceptor defects. These may be manifested by an increase in the concentration of insulin necessary for a half-maximal effect (decreased sensitivity) or a decrease in the maximal response to insulin (decreased responsiveness), or both. Alterations in sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin can be distinguished only by evaluating insulin dose-response curves. When used in conjunction with measurements of insulin binding to its receptor, the characteristics of these curves can provide insight into the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance. PMID- 7006390 TI - Patient self-monitoring of blood glucose and refinements of conventional insulin treatment. AB - The compelling evidence that blood glucose control will slow or prevent microvascular complications has stimulated research to find better ways of managing insulin-dependent diabetes. The excellent results obtained with "open loop" insulin infusion systems suggest that the relative failure of conventional treatment is the result of (1) a lack of appropriate feedback to the patient and (2) the use of insulin regimens which do not mimic physiologic insulinemia, particularly in the basal state. Doctors regard blood glucose measurements as an essential part of diabetic management and extension of this technology to patients has added a new dimension, particularly in the assessment of control. Nevertheless, home blood-glucose monitoring will not necessarily improve diabetic control; the best results have been obtained when it has been offered as part of a package deal which includes more investment of time and interest by patients and doctor together with joint discussions of problems and changes in treatment. The biggest problem with conventional twice daily insulin regimens is to sustain constant basal insulin levels during the night. Attempts to obtain fasting normoglycemia with an injection before supper often result in nocturnal hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. This can usually be resolved by changing to a three times daily regimen with an extra injection of NPH insulin at bedtime. Three times daily insulin injections with feedback from home blood-glucose monitoring give as good blood glucose control as infusion systems and are cheaper and more acceptable to patients. PMID- 7006391 TI - Treatment of diabetes mellitus by devices. AB - A very important aspect of diabetes mellitus is whether or not normalization or near-normalization of blood glucose and/or other metabolites and hormones may reduce or eliminate the chronic complications of this disease. To answer this question and to provide a more "physiologic" approach to insulin administration, a constellation of devices have reached the stage of clinical investigation. These include small portable pump systems that can provide variable rates of insulin infusion via the subcutaneous intravenous or intraperitoneal routes. In addition, bedside artificial "beta cells" having the capability of providing insulin infusions, with the rate varying as a function of continuous glucose measurements, are available for short-term studies. Under development are implantable continuous infusion devices and implantable glucose sensors that could in the future lead to a miniaturized implantable glucose-controlled insulin administration system. PMID- 7006392 TI - Diabetes and exercise. AB - This review describes (1) the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise in normal and diabetic man, and (2) the potential benefits of physical training in diabetes. Whereas in normal man plasma glucose varies little during exercise, the insulin-dependent diabetic subject may experience an increase in plasma glucose, a modest decrease or a marked decrease which can result in symptomatic hypoglycemia. Evidence is reviewed that the glycemic response depends on the ambient plasma concentration of insulin and that this may be influenced by an effect of exercise on the absorbtion of insulin from its site of injection. The response to exercise of noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects and of diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy is also described. Physical training improves glucose tolerance in some noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects and in insulin dependent patients, it may diminish insulin requirements. It may also have a role in retarding the development of cardiovascular complications. Physical training is not totally innocuous, however, and in many patients with diabetes special precautions are required. PMID- 7006393 TI - Characterization of renal tissue lymphocytes in patients with interstitial nephritis. AB - Five patients with interstitial nephritis who presented with a variety of clinical profiles were studied with particular emphasis on documentation of the cellular types of potentially immunocompetent lymphocytes and mononuclear cells present within interstitial renal infiltrates. Immunohistologic studies coupled with conventional light and electron microscopic observations indicated that most mononuclear cells making up renal interstitial infiltrates were T cells. Some chronic inflammatory cell foci within renal interstitium were characterized by clusters of Ia antigen-positive T cells considered to be markers for activated lymphocytes. B cells were present in very small proportions (5 percent or less). The profile of immunocompetent cells present in lesions of interstitial nephritis suggests a major role for cell-mediated immunity in this disorder. Increase in tissue lymphocytes of the T gamma subclass with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) also suggests local activation of intrinsic suppressor cell mechanisms. PMID- 7006394 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. PMID- 7006395 TI - Body fluid homeostasis in man. A contemporary overview. AB - In the steady state, urinary excretion of sodium is closely matched to dietary salt intake. Given rigorous defense of extracellular fluid osmolality, it is the quantity of sodium in the extracellular fluid that determines the volume of this compartment. Changes in extracellular fluid volume are detected by volume sensors located in the intrathoracic vascular bed, kidney and other organs. These mechanoreceptors gauge the adequacy of intravascular volume, relative to capacitance, at various sites within the circulation. The perception of a change in the normal relationship between intravascular volume and circulatory capacity evokes a host of renal effector mechanisms that lead ultimately to physiologically appropriate changes in urinary sodium excretion. These effector mechanisms involve physical adjustments in the glomerular filtration rate, renal microvascular hemodynamics and peritubular capillary Starling forces, tubule fluid composition, flow rate and transtubular ion gradients. Neural and humoral pathways are also involved and, among the latter, angiotensin II, aldosterone, prostaglandins and kinins have been studied extensively. The continuous interaction between these sensor and effector mechanisms serves to ensure near constancy of the extracellular fluid volume, a condition essential for optimal circulatory performance. PMID- 7006396 TI - Computer-assisted teaching of sight-word recognition for mentally retarded school children. AB - A computer-assisted training program used to teach a sight vocabulary to mildly mentally retarded school children was described and evaluated. The training program was designed to supplement conventional methods of teaching by using aspects of computer technology to implement various learning principles that would otherwise be difficult to employ. Eight children were taught associations between the written and spoken versions of words by a "talking" computer. These children increased their sight vocabularies by an average of 128 percent; a comparison group had a 34 percent increase. Furthermore, this increase remained constant for over 23 weeks following the completion of the nonintensive 4-week training program. PMID- 7006398 TI - Roster of American obstetrical and gynecological societies. PMID- 7006399 TI - Effect of endogenous insulin release on fetal alanine concentration and uptake. AB - Insulin secretion in the fetus may be important in the modulation of selected fetal amino acid concentration and uptakes. To test this hypothesis we observed the changes in fetal alanine concentrations and uptake after tolbutamide-induced insulin release in the fetal lamb. The basal umbilical venous-arterial alanine difference was 29.1 +/- 4.2 mumoles/L. Fetal alanine uptake was 5.1 +/- 0.6 mumoles/kg/min. After tolbutamide infusion fetal insulin concentration rose fourfold by 30 minutes. Fetal glucose concentration fell to approximately 75% of control values. Both arterial and umbilical venous alanine contents fell significantly (p < 0.01), yet the fetal alanine venous-arterial difference also fell significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 minutes. Fetal alanine uptake from the pooled experiments did not change significantly after tolbutamide. When only insulin responses of less than 150 microU/ml were considered, however, a significant (p < 0.02) fall in alanine uptake was noted. Two injections in one animal caused peak insulin levels above 150 microU/ml. Although limited, data from these latter experiments suggested an increase in fetal alanine uptake at these higher insulin concentrations. Thus, endogenous fetal insulin release caused a significant hyperinsulinism and consequent hypoglycemia. The fetal hypoalaninemia produced may have been due to a number of factors, including an acute decrease in placental alanine transfer and decreased fetal hepatic gluconeogenesis. A differential effect of high versus low insulin responses upon fetal alanine uptake is also suggested. PMID- 7006400 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. AB - The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a major clinical entity afflicting a large segment of the female population. Available information are descriptive in nature and the etiology of this syndrome remains unclear. In this review, both biochemical and psychosocial elements of the syndrome have been explored in an effort to redefine the pathophysiology of this seemingly multifactorial psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction. We propose that luteal phase sensitivity to and subsequent withdrawal from the central effects of the neuropeptides beta endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone result in a cascade of neuroendocrine changes within the brain-hypothalamus-pituitary complex. Modulation of neurotransmitter function by these peptides may produce alterations in mood and behavior as well as enhance pituitary release of prolactin and vasopressin. Variable gonadal steroid modulation of these responses from subject to subject likely accounts for the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the PMS. PMID- 7006397 TI - The new insulins. PMID- 7006401 TI - The differential diagnosis of visual disorders in patients presenting with marked symptoms but with no observable ocular abnormality. AB - A differential diagnosis of nine conditions which sometimes produce distressing symptoms without overt signs is presented. Sophisticated tests, especially electrodiagnostic ones, can aid the optometrist in making the correct decision. The selected procedures and the expected results are summarized in a table. The conditions reviewed are Stargardt's macular degeneration, Leber's congenital amaurosis, albinism, foveal hypoplasia, retinitis pigmentosa, retrobulbar neuritis, amblyopia, and problems of psychogenic origin. PMID- 7006402 TI - Clinical comparison of the (polymacon) spin-cast hydrogel contact lens to the (polymacon) lathe-cut hydrogel lenses. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical acceptability of polymacon spin-cast to polymacon lathe-cut hydrophilic contact lenses. Ten patients successfully wearing polymacon spin-cast lenses were studied. Each patient had one eye refitted with polymacon lathe-cut lenses. Comparison of the two types of lenses was then made. Objective evaluation included centration, movement, visual acuity, and over-refraction. Subjective criteria were based on patient comfort and stability and quality of vision. Results indicate that lathe-cut lenses can be just as clinically satisfactory as the spincast ones. PMID- 7006404 TI - Evaluation of fourteen direct-bonding orthodontic bases. AB - Design characteristics (area of bonding, mesh size, and type) and bond strength of fourteen commercial direct-bonding metal bases with commercially attached brackets were evaluated. Tensile bond strength was measured with two direct bonding adhesives, using plastic and natural teeth as substrates. Statistically significant differences in bond strength were observed among the bases, but bond strength was independent of nominal area and mesh size of the bases. Bond failures occurred most frequently at the base-adhesive interface of the metal bases. Damage caused by spot-welding of brackets to bases was implicated as a factor affecting bond strength. PMID- 7006406 TI - The value of animal models. PMID- 7006405 TI - Needs for animal models of human diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 7006407 TI - The history of mastoid surgery. AB - Adam Politzer wrote this article on the history of mastoid surgery for inclusion in Volume II of his History of Otology, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1913. Politzer reviews the decades before antibiotics when the simple or complete mastoidectomy was performed in cases of acute mastoiditis in which abscess formation was suspected; such timely surgery after prevented extensive osseous destruction and also often-fatal meningitis and sinus thrombosis. So-called "radical" surgery began when surgeons realized that simple exposure of the antrum was inadequate to control chronic infection involving the middle ear, ossicles, and meatal walls. "Modified radical" surgery evolved from the attempt to preserve hearing, canal plasty from the attempt to prevent postoperative canal stricture. Politzer describes the surgery designed to close the tympanic ostium of the Eustachian tube and the application of skin grafts to the operative sites. PMID- 7006403 TI - Microscopic evaluation of the thickness of sealants used in orthodontic bonding. AB - Placement of a resin sealant on the enamel surface prior to orthodontic bracket bonding has been suggested as a means of providing protection against demineralization, particularly at known sites of plaque accumulation. The duration of protection is influenced by resin sealant thickness and distribution. The object of this study was to determine the thickness of polymerized sealant at the vulnerable bracket/resin periphery. Six groups of ten extracted caries-free teeth were bonded with metal brackets using six commercially available bonding materials and their respective sealants. Scanning and light microscopy were used to map sealant distribution and measure sealant thickness at the bracket/resin periphery. Results showed a wide range of sealant thickness, from 0 to 228 micrometers, with considerable intraproduct variation. It was concluded that thin resin films, with their low abrasion resistance, cannot be expected to provide long-standing protection against demineralization. PMID- 7006409 TI - The residency program in otolaryngology at the Washington University School of Medicine. PMID- 7006408 TI - Some psychologic aspects of deafness: Beethoven, Goya, and Oscar Wilde. AB - A personal experience interested the author in the psychologic aspects of deafness early in his career. It is the purpose of this article to discuss potential clues to change in personality by comparing the work of an artist before and after this handicap. Three artists were selected: the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, the painter Francisco Goya, and the author Oscar Wilde. The article develops some concepts and suggests continued appraisal. PMID- 7006410 TI - Potassium-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by subcellular particles of pancreatic beta cells. AB - Accumulation of 45Ca2+ by a microsomal fraction from pancreatic beta-cells of obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice was stimulated by Mg2+ in a concentration dependent manner when 2 mM ATP was present. Maximum effect was reached at 2 mM Mg2+. Increasing the Na+ concentration from 20 to 115 mM had no significant effect, but K+ (10-123 mM) stimulated 45Ca2+ accumulation markedly when tested in the presence of 2 mM Mg2+. This effect was not due to changes of osmolarity, ionic strength, or the concentration of Cl-. Stimulation by K+ was drastically reduced on omission of Mg2+ from the incubation medium. K+ did not significantly affect 45Ca2+ uptake by a mitochondria-rich fraction of ob/ob mouse islets. It is suggested that K+ may be involved in modifying the subcellular distribution of calcium ions in pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 7006411 TI - Lack of effect of morphine, reserpine, and halothane on oscillation of plasma insulin in M. mulatta. AB - Oscillating plasma insulin levels, with periods averaging 9 min, in fasting rhesus monkeys have been previously reported by us. To test whether an oscillator in the central nervous system might be driving these oscillations, we subjected five male rhesus monkeys to morphine, reserpine, and halothane, agents known to affect the central nervous system, in an attempt to either disrupt or change the frequency of the oscillations. We could demonstrate no significant effect of any of the three drugs on the oscillations. We conclude, therefore, that the oscillations in plasma insulin are not driven by an oscillator in the central nervous system. Coupled with the results of others, these data suggest that these oscillations are probably due to an intrinsic pancreatic pacemaker. PMID- 7006412 TI - Stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by experimental edema: role of the kidneys. AB - The role of the kidneys in the stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by sodium sequestration was investigated in potassium-depleted rats. After 2 wk on a potassium-deficient diet, rats were treated by subcutaneous injections of polyethylene glycol or formalin and were then kept on sucrose and water for 24 h. Either type of experimental edema markedly enhanced the conversions of tritiated deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone to aldosterone and 18 hydroxycorticosterone by incubated capsular portions of the adrenal glands and partially normalized the deranged pattern of endogenous corticosteroid output in response to serotonin. Bilateral nephrectomy completely blocked these effects of edema on the zona glomerulosa. When uremia was induced by bladder resection, with the kidneys left intact, edema still significantly stimulated aldosterone biosynthesis. Irrespective of increases in the plasma creatinine, the plasma potassium remained at uniformly low levels in all experimental groups of animals. According to these observations, experimental edema stimulates late steps of aldosterone biosynthesis in potassium-depleted rats by mediation of the kidneys, most likely through the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7006413 TI - Distribution and motor effect of VIP in female genital tract. AB - The distribution and concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in different parts of the female genital organs from various species (cat, goat, pig, rabbit, rat, and guinea pig) were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and immunochemistry. In addition, the effect of VIP on the mechanical activity of uterine muscle was investigated in vitro. VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating vessels and smooth muscle cells were fairly numerous in the genital organs of the cat and goat and less numerous in the pig, rabbit, rat, and guinea pig. In all species studied, VIP-containing nerves were most numerous in the cervix. The tissue concentration of VIP measured by immunochemistry was in agreement with the immunohistochemical findings. VIP inhibited the mechanical uterine activity in the cat, goat, pig, and rabbit, whereas only minimal effects were obtained in the rat and guinea pig. This difference between the species corresponded to the number of VIP-containing nerves in the uterine muscle. The data support the hypothesis that VIP may play a physiological role in the local nervous control of the uterine mechanical activity. PMID- 7006414 TI - Diurnal metabolic and hormonal responses to mixed meals in healthy dogs. PMID- 7006416 TI - Effect of glucose on renal excretion of electrolytes in the rat. AB - Glucose ingestion or infusion increases calcium and magnesium excretion in the human. To assess the role of renal tubular glucose reabsorption and of the parathyroid glands in this phenomenon, we performed standard two-phase clearance experiments in fed, volume-expanded male Sprague-Dawley rats. When compared with a group of animals receiving only 0.9% NaCl (group I), animals infused with glucose (group II) excreted significantly more calcium at any given level of sodium excretion (delta FECa, 1.95 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.18, P < 0.001). Normoglycemic hyperinsulinemia (group III) did not reproduce this increase in calcium excretion. In the group given phloridzin during sustained hyperglycemia (group IV), calcium excretion was well below that of control animals at any given level of sodium excretion. The glycosuric-hyperglycemia group (group V) used to assess the effect of glycosuria seen in group IV responded with a striking calciuria (delta FECa, 3.31 +/- 0.43, P < 0.001, compared with group IV). TPTX animals responded to glucose in the same way as intact animals (delta FECa, 4.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.18 +/- 0.3 in TPTX saline controls, P < 0.001). Magnesium excretion in all groups followed the same pattern as calcium. We conclude that renal tubular glucose reabsorption is essential for glucose to augment calcium and magnesium excretion. The presence of the parathyroid glands was not required for this phenomenon to occur. PMID- 7006417 TI - Calcium in the control of renin secretion: Ca2+ influx as an inhibitory signal. AB - The mechanism for the inhibition of renin secretion in vitro from renal cortical slices by angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, ouabain, and high K+ concentration was studied. The inhibitory effect of these agents was blocked by a Ca antagonist, verapamil. In addition, epinephrine stimulated renin secretion and its stimulatory action was blocked by ouabain. These results support the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx into juxtaglomerular cells plays a role as an inhibitory signal whereas Ca2+ efflux is a stimulatory signal for renin secretion. Renin secretion was greatly stimulated by lowering incubation temperature, indicating that renin secretion is not energy dependent. The possibility is discussed that Ca2+ of juxtaglomerular cells might activate an enzyme(s) that then modulates some sequential steps of renin secretory processes, thereby controlling the rate of renin secretion. PMID- 7006415 TI - Increased enzymatic activity of renin and hyperlipidemia. AB - We have previously reported that the in vitro enzymatic activity of exogenous renin, plasma renin reactivity (PRR), is increased in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure, possibly due to the deficiency of a renin inhibitor. To determine whether increases PRR is related to renal failure per se or to hyperlipidemia, PRR was measured in 10 control subjects, 10 patients with renal failure, and 10 hyperlipidemic patients with normal renal function. Compared to that in control subjects (52.6 ng angiotensin I generated per ml/h +/- 3.8 SE) PRR was increased (P < 0.05) in plasma of uremic patients (65.1 +/- 4.3) and hyperlipidemic patients (71.4 +/- 10.7). Renin substrate concentration did not differ among groups, and after denaturation of endogenous substrate by acidification of plasma, PRR was still increased. A "protein-free" extract of plasma from normal subjects inhibited renin, whereas little or no inhibition occurred with a comparable extract from uremic patients and hyperlipidemic patients. Thus, alterations in lipid metabolism may account for the increased enzymatic activity of renin in uremic plasma. Increased PRR may be related to the deficiency of a normally occurring renin inhibitor. PMID- 7006419 TI - Insulin action in pancreatic acini from streptozotocin-treated rats. III. Electron microscope autoradiography of 125I-insulin. AB - Electron microscope autoradiographs were prepared from diabetic rat pancreatic acini that had been incubated with 125I-insulin. Distribution histograms of the distance of the 125I-insulin silver grains from the nearest plasma membrane were prepared and compared with a histogram of an 125I line source. After 3 min of incubation, insulin was located predominately on the plasma membrane, but even at this early time 15% of the grains had an intracellular location. After 30 min of incubation, there was a decrease in grains on the plasma membrane and an increase (to 45%) in grains localized in the cell. At both times of incubation, a comparison of the distribution of the insulin grains overlying subcellular organelles to a theoretical random grain distribution pattern indicated that the intracellular distribution of insulin grains was nonrandom. At 3 min, there was a relative concentration of grains over the plasma membrane and vesicles with an average diameter of 100 nm. At 30 min, there was a concentration of grains over the plasma membrane, 100-nm vesicle, and Golgi. These studies suggest that 125I insulin is internalized into pancreatic acinar cells in a time-dependent manner and then is nonrandomly distributed inside the cell. PMID- 7006420 TI - Cardiovascular changes within 24 h after renal artery stenosis in rabbits. PMID- 7006418 TI - Insulin action in pancreatic acini from streptozotocin-treated rats. II. Binding of 125I-insulin to receptors. AB - The binding of 125I-insulin to its receptors was investigated with isolated pancreatic acini obtained from diabetic rats under incubation conditions identical to those used to study the effects of insulin on acinar cell protein synthesis. Binding was specific, time dependent, reversible, and linearly related to the acinar protein content. Degradation of insulin after 30 min of incubation was less than 10% of the total hormone present in the incubation medium. 125I insulin dissociated from acini with a one-half time of 9 min. Unlabeled insulin at 83.5 nM accelerated the rate of dissociation of labeled insulin. 125I-insulin binding to acini was competitively inhibited by insulin and its analogues in proportion to their biological potencies. Scatchard analysis revealed a major class of insulin-binding sites with a Kd of 1.6 nM; maximal stimulation of protein synthesis was observed when > 90% of these high-affinity receptors were occupied. These studies indicate, therefore, that insulin binding to receptors on pancreatic acini can be correlated with subsequent regulation of biological functions. PMID- 7006422 TI - ECT and schizophrenia in Great Britain. PMID- 7006421 TI - Is angiotensin essential in drinking induced by water deprivation and caval ligation? AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in drinking induced by water deprivation and caval ligation was assessed by infusion of saralasin into the lateral ventricles of rats. This technique was first validated by demonstrating its capability to specifically antagonize drinking to both systemic and central angiotensin II. However, neither the latency to drink nor the amount of water consumed following 24- or 30-h water deprivation was affected by saralasin. Furthermore, saralasin had no significant effect on the recovery of blood pressure or on the water intake following ligation of the abdominal vena cava. These observations suggest that the renin-angiotensin system alone does not play an essential role in the control of drinking following water deprivation or caval ligation in rats. PMID- 7006423 TI - Consciousness disciplines: immune to scientific investigation? PMID- 7006424 TI - Cancer of the stomach. AB - Carcinoma of the stomach, although its incidence is decreasing in the United States, is still a fatal disease. The results today are actually no better than they were 30 years ago because we are still making late diagnoses. In order to improve our results in the treatment of cancer of the stomach, we must perform fiberoptic gastroscopy in individuals over age 40 who have gastric complaints that do not respond readily to conservative medical therapy. At the time of endoscopy, multiple biopsies of gastric mucosa must be taken. Only in this way can early enough diagnoses be made to increase the survival rate in gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7006425 TI - Randomized prospective evaluation of the EEA stapler for colorectal anastomoses. AB - A randomized, prospective study should be done to evaluate any new procedure or instrument. Our experience with the end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler suggests that an anastomosis can be created in a shorter time than is required for the traditional hand-sewn technique. This difference is even greater when the anastomosis is technically difficult and located deep within the pelvis. There appears to be little difference in the security of a hand-sewn anastomosis compared with that of stapled anastomosis. Postoperative complications appear similar. With the stapler, however, there is an increased risk of intraoperative complications that are not apparent with the traditional hand-sewn technique. These include rectal tears and anastomotic defects. It appears that the EEA stapler can save as many as 12 percent of rectums that otherwise might have to be removed because of technical inability to perform an anastomosis. PMID- 7006427 TI - Randomized trial of drainage after cholecystectomy. Suction vaersus static drainage through a main wound versus a stab incision. AB - One hundred eighty-four patients who underwent biliary surgery were randomly allocated to four groups arranaed in a 2 by 2 design. In 92 patients the drain was brought out through the wound and in the other 92 through a stab incision. In half of the patients in each group the drain was connected to a suction system and in the other half to a sterile bag. Suction was found to impair rather than enhance intraperitoneal drainage. In patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy and early operation for acute cholecystitis, the amount of discharge was more than twice as large when suction was omitted than when it was applied. After common duct operations the amount of discharge was very large and there was little difference in cases with and without suction. Prolonged drainage, static or suction, resulted in an increase in the serum haptoglobin level. Analysis of out data suggested that after a few days the drain starts to act as a traumatic stimulus. No difference was found between cases with the drain brought out through a stab incision and those with the drain brought out through the main wound. A number of studies have ascertained the superiority of closed to open drainage. The results of the present trial lead us to recommend that after biliary surgery the closed us to recommend that after biliary surgery the closed drain should not be connected to a suction apparatus and that after elective cholecystectomy the drain should preferably be removed after a few days. PMID- 7006426 TI - Presidential address: Roger Bacon, William of Occam and Lord Houghton: guides for the perplexed physician. PMID- 7006429 TI - Modified Gambee stitch. Safe, easy and fast modification. PMID- 7006428 TI - Urethrovesical suspension (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz). Experience with 204 cases. AB - The pre- and postoperative evaluation of 204 patients who underwent Marshall Marchetti-Krantz urethrovesical suspension is analyzed. The major complication rate was 7.8 percent. In our hands, this operation has been a success. Our success rates were as follows: at 1 month 99 percent; at 1 year, 89.7 percent; at 5 years, 85.7 percent; at 10 years, 72 percent; and at 15 years, 75 percent. PMID- 7006430 TI - [Improved method for the cesarean section operation]. PMID- 7006431 TI - [Cesarean section technic]. PMID- 7006432 TI - [Acupuncture reflexotherapy and its use in obstetrical and gynecological practice]. PMID- 7006433 TI - [Improved method for cesarean sections in the lower segment using a transverse incision]. PMID- 7006434 TI - [Computer-assisted prognosis of the complications after a cesarean section operation]. PMID- 7006435 TI - [Medicogenetic counseling in developmental defects in newborn infants]. PMID- 7006437 TI - The elimination of soluble cornea proteins through direct current. AB - By direct current it was possible to eliminate soluble proteins from the cornea. This was proven by the decrease of the albumin-concentration which was determined by RID. Treated and untreated corneas were examined by electron microscopic investigations. PMID- 7006436 TI - [Transfer factor]. PMID- 7006438 TI - [Preoperative Placido photography in keratoconus and its meaning in conjunction with postoperative astigmatism (author's transl)]. AB - The preoperative shape of an eye affected by keratoconus can be evaluated by means of Placido photography of the cornea and the "Placido axis" of the main astigmatic error determined (Figs. 1, 2). In 64% of 105 cases it was shown that the postoperative astigmatism correlated well with the preoperative Placido axis (Table 5). A perfectly circular graft if transplanted, will therefore again adopt the preoperative shape of the cornea. From the facts above, a slightly oval graft sutured perpendicularly to the preoperative main Placido axis would probably compensate for this astigmatism but this has not been carried out experimentally as yet. PMID- 7006440 TI - Corrective cardiac surgery in infants. A review of 136 patients including the contribution of postoperative ventilation. AB - This is a review of 136 patients who have undergone corrective surgery for congenital heart disease with the aid of profound hypothermia in a 6-year period. Almost all patients were less than one year old and less than 10 kg. In 1979 the average age was 3.4 months and the average weight was 4.1 kg in 34 infants. The hypothermic technique consisted of surface cooling followed by cardiopulmonary bypass cooling and circulatory arrest during definitive surgery. The hospital mortality was 26% for the whole period, having decreased from 53% in 1974 to 15% in 1979. After operation 70% of patients with uncomplicated ventricular septal defect or the tetralogy of Fallot were extubated within 4 hours, 65% of all patients were extubated within 12 hours of operation. PMID- 7006439 TI - Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat. AB - Experimental studies of ocular inflammation induced by endotoxin have been performed almost exclusively in rabbits. Although the rat has been considered refractory to both the systemic and local effects of endotoxin, the present study has shown that intravitreal injection of endotoxin evoked a characteristic acute inflammatory response which was reproducible and dose-dependent. In addition, a consensual ocular response in the control eye occurred which was less severe but also dose-dependent. Preliminary investigations support the view that consensual responses of this nature may be mediated by a nervous reflex are mechanism. Sequential histological analysis revealed a marked polymorphonuclear cell infiltration of most ocular tissues in the early stages, while mononuclear cells predominated after 3 days. Widespread intravascular microthrombi were also observed, particularly in the ciliary vessels. Recovery, however, was usually complete by 7 days. PMID- 7006441 TI - Maternal opinion about analgesia for labour. A controlled trial between epidural block and intramuscular pethidine combined with inhalation. AB - In a randomised controlled trial epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.5% (mean dose 112.8 mg) was compared with pethidine (mean dose 200 mg) and inhalational analgesia in primipara (28 and 30 mothers) and multipara (17 and 18 mothers). Mothers who had an uneventful pregnancy and labour and agreed to have either treatment were studied during labour and followed-up at interviews for 5 months after delivery. Epidural block was rated significantly superior in respect of pain relief and comfort, there were no differences between the groups in reports of perineal discomfort. Twice as many primipara required forceps delivery after epidural block. Very few mothers, in each group, reported something missing in their experience of childbirth. Two thirds of each group would use the same method again. Epidural block can therefore be recommended to uncommitted mothers as a satisfying and effective method of pain relief for labour. PMID- 7006442 TI - ICI 35868 (Diprivan): a new intravenous anaesthetic. A comparison with Althesin. AB - ICI 35868 (Diprivan), 1-2 mg/kg was used to induce anaesthesia in 20 patients, and the results compared with induction of anaesthesia by Althesin 0.5 ml/kg given to a similar group of 20 patients. ICI 35868 was effective in inducing anaesthesia, but produced more respiratory depression, and cardiovascular effects which were significantly different from those produced by Althesin. ICI 35868 gave a smoother induction. It is concluded that ICI 35868 is a promising new induction agent which may also find application for the maintenance of anaesthesia. PMID- 7006443 TI - A sensitive and accurate method for amino acid analysis using isotopic double labeling with fluorodinitrobenzene. PMID- 7006444 TI - Fractionation of yeast invertase isozymes and determination of enzymatic activity in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7006445 TI - Rapid purification of highly active ribosomes from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7006447 TI - Permeabilization of yeast cells: application to study on the regulation of AMP deaminase activity in situ. PMID- 7006448 TI - Synthesis of Escherichia coli branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase in vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system. PMID- 7006449 TI - Plasmid-mediated isolation of a repressor protein. PMID- 7006446 TI - The adsorptive characteristics of proteins for polystyrene and their significance in solid-phase imunoassays. PMID- 7006451 TI - Method for anaerobic purification of biochemicals as exemplified by Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase purification. PMID- 7006450 TI - Removal of protease from Streptomyces hyaluronidase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7006452 TI - 4',5'-Dimethoxy-6-carboxyfluorescein: a novel dipole-dipole coupled fluorescence energy transfer acceptor useful for fluorescence immunoassays. PMID- 7006453 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of [14a-3H]cryptopleurine. PMID- 7006455 TI - Reagents suitable for the crosslinking of nucleic acids to proteins. PMID- 7006454 TI - Purification of the T4 DNA ligase by Blue Sepharose chromatography. PMID- 7006456 TI - Inexpensive modification of a Polytron for rapid mincing of pancreases for islet isolation. PMID- 7006457 TI - Longitudinal grooves and canals of the human hard palate. AB - Study of the longitudinal palatine grooves and canals revealed that full bony vascular or neural channels are rarely seen in recent human palates. Bony walls of the canals are usually incomplete and very often there is just one groove bordered by bony ridges. Occasionally, one can find bony bridges over grooves which are remnants of the lower walls of the canals. Such bridges are usually found in the posterior part of the canal. Some bridges are incomplete and prominent bony spines remain in their place situated usually 9 to 11 mm in front of the major palatine foramen. The size of the spines is individually different but the longest recorded in the present series of skulls were 4 mm high above the surface of the palate. Palatine torus was frequently found in old and recent populations. In recent European skulls, it is almost as frequent as in medieval skulls and the slightly smaller percentage of occurrence in recent skulls does not justify the possibility of torus palatinus being a disappearing morphological formation. PMID- 7006458 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin nerve terminals in the lateral entorhinal cortex of the rat: demonstration of two separate patterns of innervation from the midbrain raphe. AB - The distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) containing nerve terminals in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) has been studied using antibodies against 5-HT in combination with fluorescence histochemistry. Thin, varicose, branching fibers were found to be distributed in a relatively even, diffuse pattern throughout all layers of the LEC. The largest amount of this type of 5HT innervation was in Layer I. This diffuse pattern of 5-HT terminals was supplemented by a dense network of 5HT terminals restricted to Layer III of a small (approximately 1 mm) strip of the LEC. The fibers in this layer were thicker and more convoluted and contained larger varicosities than fibers in any other layer. The existence of a distinct innervation by 5-HT terminals of only a small portion of the LEC demonstrates a hitherto unrecognized and important principle of heterogeneity in 5-HT innervation of cortex. It suggests that 5-5HT neurons in the raphe can selectively influence specific, narrow regions of the lateral perforant path system, which, in turn, affect the intrinsic hippocampal circuits. PMID- 7006459 TI - Karl Ernest Mason, 1900-1978. PMID- 7006460 TI - On the presence of bridges linking the inner and outer acrosomal membranes of boar spermatozoa. AB - The presence of structures bridging the inner and outer acrosomal membranes of the equatorial segment of boar spermatozoa was clearly demonstrated in cells that have undergone a variety of treatment procedures to displace the electron-dense contents of the acrosome. En-face sections show bridges to be punctate and not linearly extensive as might be suggested by sections perpendicular to the flat plane of the head. About 4.5 x 10(5) bridges, each measuring 7 nm across and spaced 7 nm apart, are arrayed hexagonally in the equatorial segment, but bridges are not present within the principal segment of the acrosome. Short-term treatment with trypsin partially digests the bridges, but does not disrupt the spacing or strict parallel configuration of equatorial segment membranes. However, short-term treatment with pronase digests most bridges and effectively disrupts the typical configuration of the equatorial segment. Freeze-fracture of the cytoplasmic face of the acrosomal membranes of the equatorial segment reveals a pattern throughout the phospholipid layer of the membrane which is similar to the pattern of bridges present in en-face thin sections of the equatorial segments. The data suggest that numerous bridges link the inner and outer acrosomal membranes of the equatorial segment of the acrosome and they play a major, if not an exclusive, role in maintaining the close spacing and parallel arrangement of the membranes in this portion of the acrosome. PMID- 7006462 TI - [Intra- and postoperative right heart catheterization and measurement of cardiac output: review and prospects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006461 TI - The use of computer imaging techniques to visualize cardiac muscle cells in three dimensions. AB - Atrial muscle cells and atrioventricular bundle cells were reconstructed using a computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction system. This reconstruction technique permitted these cells to be viewed from any direction. The cell surfaces were approximated using triangular tiles, and this optimization technique for cell reconstruction allowed for the computation of cell surface area and cell volume. A transparent mode is described which enables the investigator to examine internal cellular features such as the shape and location of the nucleus. In addition, more than one cell can be displayed simultaneously, and, therefore, spatial relationships are preserved and intercellular relationships viewed directly. The use of computer imaging techniques allows for a more complete collection of quantitative morphological data and also the visualization of the morphological information gathered. PMID- 7006463 TI - [The adaptation of the Bennett PR2 to intermittent mandatory ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - This adaptation presents the following advantages over and above those already acknowledged for continuous IPP ventilation: conservation of respiratory muscle functions, autoregulation of ventilatory frequence, reduction of mean endothoracic pressure, thus dispensing with the necessity for negative-end expiratory pressure. In addition: easy, effortless assembly, abolishes the defects of the Bennett PR2, gives the machine a good volumetric performance. PMID- 7006464 TI - Postoperative recovery of pulmonary function. PMID- 7006465 TI - Time course and mechanisms of lung-volume increase with PEEP in acute pulmonary failure. AB - To determine the effects of a step change in end-expiratory pressure on functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung-thorax compliance (CLT), 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was applied in eight patients who needed mechanical ventilation for acute pulmonary failure. Of the total change in FRC, 66 +/- 5.3 per cent (mean +/- SEM) was complete within the next breath, and 90 per cent change was achieved in 4.6 +/- 1.4 breaths (24 +/- 6.4 sec). There was no statistically significant difference between times to 90 per cent FRC change with application and with removal of PEEP. In another 13 patients, PEEP was increased in 5 cm H2O steps from 3 to 18 cm H2O. Mean FRC at 3 cm H2O PEEP was 1.51 +/- 0.20 1 (55 +/- 7.0 per cent predicted supine value). Mean CLT did not change significantly until 18 cm H2O PEEP was reached, at which point it decreased (P < 0.005). The static compliance derived from change in FRC (deltaFRC/deltaPEEP) increased with increments of PEEP (P < 0.05) compared with the initial level. At PEEP levels of 8 and 13 cm H2O, mean FRC was larger than would be predicted from mean CLT (P < 0.005), but it was not significantly different at 3 cm H2O PEEP. The lung component accounted for 62 +/- 3.7 per cent of the lung-thorax compliance difference. These data define a time-dependent increase in lung volume that resembles pressure-volume hysteresis in normal man. Possible mechanisms include surface tension changes, recruitment of nonventilated lung, and stress relaxation of lung and chest wall. This study may explain the greater efficiency of PEEP compared with large tidal-volume ventilation in increasing PaO2 in patients with acute pulmonary failure. PMID- 7006466 TI - Standardization of venous distensibility measurements in plethysmography. AB - This paper comprises a summary of the literature on plethysmography, of study objectives, techniques, and interpretation of methods. The venous distension plethysmography is suitable for the evaluation of clinical venous pathology, but a standardization of the method is urgently needed. The test schedule is described, explained, and discussed. Some questions arising from the test schedule and some ideas that should be more closely discussed are offered. PMID- 7006467 TI - The spectrum of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: an overview. PMID- 7006468 TI - Craniometry and cephalometry: a history prior to the advent of radiography. PMID- 7006469 TI - The human Duffy blood group in rhesus monkeys. AB - There is good evidence that susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection and to P. knowlesi erythrocyte invasion is influenced by certain human Duffy (Fy) blood group antigens. Since P. knowlesi readily infects rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), it was not surprising to find an Fy-like antigen on rhesus erythrocytes. Using human Fy antisera in elution and absorption experiments, we found that all 40 rhesus monkeys tested displayed the Fy(a-b+) phenotype. Furthermore, the rhesus Fyb antigen was inactivated by chymotrypsin but not by trypsin, suggesting that it is homologous to the human Fyb antigen. Preliminary serological analyses and enzyme hydrolysis experiments suggest that none of the 13 blood group systems that we have described in rhesus are analogous to the human Fy system. Thus, it appears that there is no Duffy-like polymorphism in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7006470 TI - Sublingual provocative food testing. PMID- 7006471 TI - The provocative sublingual method. PMID- 7006474 TI - Magnitude of use and costs of in-hospital respiratory therapy. AB - Respiratory therapy services have expanded in the 3 decades since World War II and now account for approximately 3% of hospital expenditures. The types of services performed have changed; the number of intermittent positive-pressure breathing treatments has markedly decreased since peak usage in th early 1970s, whereas the use of ventilator care and incentive spirometry has increased. The continued increase in respiratory therapy costs may reflect both inflationary pressures and the labor-intensive shift to increased involvement in critical care units. PMID- 7006473 TI - Mechanical aids to lung expansion in non-intubated surgical patients. AB - The reported incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) varies markedly with the extent and type of surgery; for many types of major surgery, such as intracranial operations, data are unavailable. After upper abdominal surgery, the incidence ranges from 6 to 70%, depending on the diagnostic criteria used for detection and the physical status of the patients. Thus, the potential for serious PPC after major surgery is so great that some form of preventive respiratory care is mandatory. The most efficient methods remain to be determined. Mechanical aids to lung expansion have received widespread use. Unfortunately, few randomized, controlled trials have been reported, and results are difficult to compare because of important differences in protocol, specific details of therapy, and statistical methods used. We conclude the following: (1) There is little or no evidence documenting the efficacy of intermittent positive pressure breathing (as customarily used) or blow bottles in decreasing the incidence of PPC. (2) Incentive spirometry may be of value in patients receiving routine "stir-up" regimen (turning, coughing, walking) by surgical housestaff and nurses, but does not appear to decrease further the incidence of PPC in patients treated with systematic preoperative regimens of chest physical therapy. (3) Data on the use of positive end-expiratory pressure and continuous positive airway pressure by face mask are to sparse to permit drawing definite conclusions concerning their efficacy. (4) Incentive spirometry and continuous positive airway pressure by mask are both based on sound physiologic rational and warrant further studies to determine their role in postoperative respiratory care. PMID- 7006472 TI - Mechanical aids to lung expansion. The physiologic basis for the use of mechanical aids to lung expansion. PMID- 7006475 TI - Mechanical aids to lung expansion. PMID- 7006476 TI - Short-course (6 month) cooperative tuberculosis study in Poland: results 18 months after completion of treatment. AB - This study compared the efficacy and toxicity of 4 drug regimens containing rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol administered both daily and intermittently for a total duration of 6 months (26 wk). There were 411 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the study. All patients received isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol daily in a hospital for the first 8 wk of treatment. One group continued to receive these 3 drugs daily as outpatients for an additional 18 wk; a second group received the same drugs twice weekly, and a third group received the 3 drugs once weekly during the 18-wk "continuation phase." A fourth group of patients received 2 drugs, isoniazid and rifampin, twice weekly during the continuation phase. Drug toxicity was not a major problem; drugs were permanently discontinued in only 1% of the patients. All 4 regimens were highly effective in achieving sputum negativity. By the fifty month, 100% of the patients had become culture negative. However, the relapse rate was found to be relatively high for all regimens (range, 7 to 20%). Patients with extensive disease, large cavities, heavy growth on pretreatment cultures, slow sputum conversion, persistent cavities, heavy use of alcohol, and concomitant diseases were more likely to relapse. In order to achieve relapse rates acceptable in developed countries, regimens containing rifampin and isoniazid must either be given for longer than 6 months or strengthened by the addition of supplemental drugs during the initial phase. PMID- 7006477 TI - Immune responses in pulmonary lymph of sheep after intrabronchial administration of heterologous erythrocytes. AB - The response of the lower respiratory tract to intrabronchial administration of horse red blood cells (HRBC) was studied in sheep by continuous monitoring of efferent lymph issuing from the regional caudal mediastinal lymph node. The immune response was assessed by enumerating direct and indirect plaque-forming cells (PFC) in pulmonary lymph, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood as a function of time after immunization. Within 3 days, PFC began to appear in pulmonary lymph, reaching a peak between Days 5 and 7. During the primary immune response, PFC were not detected in either bronchoalveolar lavage or blood. A second antigenic challenge resulted in a rapid, marked increase in lymph PFC, predominantly of the indirect type. Plaque-forming cells in lung lavage and blood, although observed after a secondary challenge, were inconsistent, particularly with the lower dosages of antigen. Within the narrow range of antigen dosage used, there was a clear dose-response relationship for a lymph borne PFC during both the primary and secondary immune response. As with PFC, a high titer of antibody in lymph preceded its appearance in serum. The results indicated that monitoring efferent lung lymph can be a very sensitive and reproducible method to assess various aspects of pulmonary immune responses. In contrast, bronchoalveolar lavage elements did not effectively reflect the status of immune reactivity in the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 7006478 TI - Emphysema associated with intravascular leukocyte sequestration. Comparison with papain-induced emphysema. AB - The pulmonary effects of endotoxin-induced, repetitive, intravascular leukocyte sequestration were studied in dogs and were compared to the effects of intratracheal papain. Lung specimens from 7 animals receiving 20 to 23 weekly injections were histologically and physiologically similar to those from 10 control animals. Dogs receiving 50 injections of endotoxin during 17 wk developed histologic evidence of emphysema as seen on whole lung sections, a significant increase in mean linear intercept, and loss of elasticity at high lung volumes. The group of animals given intratracheal papain also developed histologic evidence of emphysema, with increased mean linear intercepts and loss of lung elasticity. However, the effects on lung elasticity were much greater in the papain group. Endotoxin-induced, repetitive leukocyte sequestration in the lungs results in mild emphysema; however, similar changes in alveolar size appear to cause less effect on the pressure-volume loop than does papain-induced emphysema. PMID- 7006479 TI - [A cold look at transcendental meditation]. AB - The transcendental meditation, which has been initiated in Occident for twenty years, is being more and more popular with the general public. So, its more and more numerous devotees may bear witness to that fact. In this article, the authors are looking over the diverse publications which have been done about that mental technique up to now. In spite of many demands of the transcendental meditation movement, the authors, with their own analysis, are induced to formulate a few reserves on the scientific credit to be given to that movement; for, in a way, it may look like an "organized magic" within humane agony. PMID- 7006480 TI - Inhibition of Escherichia coli haemagglutination by phenothiazines. AB - The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain H-10407 (078-H11) of Evans, possessing a colonization factor antigen (CFA/I) and haemagglutinating in the presence of mannose, was tested as to its ability to cause haemagglutination in the presence of phenothiazines. The phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, thioridazine, prochlorperazine, triethylpiperazine, promethiazine and promazine) were able to inhibit E. coli haemagglutination when added to the complex E. coli-erythrocytes. The most potent inhibitors were prochlorperazine and thioridazine, which inhibited E. coli haemagglutination in 1 min at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml. The less potent was promethazine that inhibited haemagglutination at 6 mg/ml. Once haemagglutination had occurred the phenothiazines were able to reverse it, to "unhood" the E. coli from the erythrocytes. Prochlorperazine at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml could reverse haemagglutination after 1 h contact with the E. coli erythrocytes complex. E. coli H-10407 grown in the presence of phenothiazines lost its haemagglutinating activity. The resulting non haemagglutinating E. coli recovered its haemagglutinating activity when recultured in a prochlorperazine free medium. PMID- 7006481 TI - A new in vitro technique for attachment to intestinal villi using enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. AB - The author describes a new in vitro technique for detecting attachment of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to isolated intestinal villi. PMID- 7006484 TI - Protective immunity and the cell-mediated immune response in mice following oral administration of an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Oral vaccination with Salmonella typhi-murium M 206 has been shown to confer highly significant protection on BALB/c and low-responder (LR) Biozzi mice a 30 days, but no protection was observed in high-responder (HR) Biozzi mice. None of the three strains showed any evidence of significant protection 10 days after primary vaccination. A correlation was noted between the degree of protection and the results of tests measuring cell-mediated immunity, both in vitro (MIF test), and in vivo (colloidal carbon clearance). Phagocytosis was significantly more active in vaccinated mice, both at days 10 and 30, except in HR mice. MIF production was only found at day 10 in HR mice, and was present at day 30 in both HR and LR mice. Our results emphasize the importance of the role of macrophage phagocytosis in the protection of mice against Salmonella infections. PMID- 7006482 TI - [Pathogenicity of "Candida albicans" for normal mice and mice treated by the mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol (author's transl)]. AB - The study of the action of diacetoxyscirpenol, a mycotoxin from Fusarium, was carried out on mice. It was found that a single dose of 1/2 DL50 (4.5 mg/kg) inoculated intraperitoneally, induced a transitory diminution of weight of the spleen and thymus and fall in the percentage of blood lymphocyte. The effect on the course of candidiasis was obvious: the mice challenged with C. albicans and treated by small repeated doses of mycotoxin died more rapidly than not treated but infected mice, emphasizing significantly the effect of the immunosuppressive processus on the development of the opportunistic fungus. PMID- 7006486 TI - Inc groups among plasmids harbored by Escherichia coli of avian origin. AB - The enteric flora of poultry includes a high proportion of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains harboring conjugative plasmids: 54 of these strains were selected for their ability to transfer tetracycline resistance (associated or not with other resistances). Among the plasmids transferred from these strains, incompatibility tests revealed a high incidence of group Inc I1 and a low frequency of group Inc FII. The importance of group Inc P was confirmed. No Inc N plasmid was found. This pattern differs from what has been reported for human strains. PMID- 7006487 TI - [Hormone therapy in advanced forms of carcinoma of the endometrium: analysis and prospects]. PMID- 7006483 TI - Susceptibility of mice to bacterial infections after chronic exposure to cadmium. AB - Susceptibility to bacterial infections after chronic exposure to cadmium was studied in mice. Cadmium chloride was injected intraperitoneally three times a week for 4 weeks. After this treatment, mice displayed splenomegalia, hyperplasia of the B-dependent areas of spleen. Virulence of bacteria considered as usually having extracellular sites of multiplication (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), or intracellular (Listeria monocytogenes), was determined. Only L. monocytogenes showed an increased virulence in cadmium-treated mice. PMID- 7006488 TI - [Ovarian dysgerminoma in pregnancy. (Report of a case and review of the literature)]. PMID- 7006485 TI - [Experimental infection by "Salmonella typhi-murium": protective role of homologous ribosomal extracts in calves (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven calves, 6 months old, vaccinated or not, have been infected experimentally with 10(7) Salmonella typhi-murium, administered by oral route. The control calves had a serious illness, characterized by a severe diarrhoea, hepatic and renal symptoms and a heavy infestation of the main organs. The other five calves, which were orally and subcutaneously vaccinated with ribosomal extracts of S. typhi-murium and S. dublin showed only a moderate alteration of their health while biochemical disorders at the level of liver and kidneys disappeared. However, salmonella were found in mesenteric lymph nodes, but in much lower amounts than in controls. PMID- 7006490 TI - Important considerations in the design and construction of groin flaps. AB - A method for constructing groin flaps is presented which the author has used successfully. The flap is elevated medial to the sartorius muscle. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is preserved. The muscular branch is carefully divided to avoid damage to the superficial circumflex iliac artery. Near the femoral artery, the important draining vein, which often diverges from the cutaneous artery, must be preserved. One side of the flap is cut longer than the other and diagonal closure of the donor site and the flap are performed. This diagonal closure increases the circumference of the tube at the base of the flap, thereby reducing the risk of vascular compression. Diagonal closure also produces a spiral in the tube. The direction of the spiral can be controlled to facilitate closure of defects on the palm or dorsum of the hand. PMID- 7006491 TI - Split pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - A variation of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction is presented. The defect to be covered was a large, intraoral, U shaped defect extending from the left tonsillar region around the alveolar ridge and floor of mouth to the right soft palate and buccal mucosa. Nearly the entire tongue was intact, and a 4 cm left mandibular segmental defect existed. A single left pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap was split longitudinally to resurface the defect. Implications of vertical splitting of a myocutaneous flap are discussed with respect to blood supply and limits. PMID- 7006489 TI - The influence of vitamin E on capsule formation and contracture around silicone implants. AB - An attempt was made to determine if the tissue response to surgical trauma and foreign body stimulus (silicone implants) could be altered using vitamin E in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Group A served as controls, Group B were treated by intramuscular vitamin E, Group C were treated topically with vitamin E around the prosthesis, and Group D were treated topically with croton oil around the prosthesis. The animals in each group were killed at 2 week, 1 month, and 3 months intervals. The intraprosthetic pressure in each prosthesis was recorded using a strain gauge transducer. The capsules were then removed and examined histologically using a light microscope and the thickness of pseudocapsules was measured with an ocular micrometer. In Group B significantly thinner pseudocapsules were observed at 2 weeks, but there was no comparable difference either in thickness or degree of contracture (as measured by intraprosthetic pressures) between Groups A and B at 2 months and 3 months. In Group C, the pseudocapsules were significantly thicker at all tested periods and showed noticeable contracture at 3 months. In group D the pseudocapsules were thickest and cellular infiltrate more marked than in the other groups. PMID- 7006492 TI - Mammary implant shell failure. AB - The author critically examined removed implants, and found that the sac of both inflatable and gel mammary implants may perforate due to wear or erosion. PMID- 7006493 TI - The spread of sensibility into previously anesthetic skin following intercostal flap transfer in a paraplegic. AB - Sensibility extending into previously anesthetic sacral skin is reported two years following the transfer of a neurovascular intercostal flap in a 13-year-old paraplegic. PMID- 7006494 TI - As I remember Dr. Herbert Conway. PMID- 7006495 TI - The effects of group study skills counseling and applied relaxation on study behaviors and test anxiety in medical and dental students. PMID- 7006499 TI - [Immediate reimplantation of amputated fingers]. PMID- 7006501 TI - [Suicide by shotgun]. PMID- 7006500 TI - [1956 - No. 1 of "Annales de Chirurgie Plastique"]. PMID- 7006498 TI - [Recent advances in microsurgery technics of plastic surgery]. PMID- 7006496 TI - [Treatment of old unreduced posterior dislocation of the shoulder by double approach and posterior scapular osteoplasty. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006497 TI - [Multi-cavity myxomas. Report of one case of bi-atrial myxoma and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006502 TI - A review of numerical methods in bacterial identification. PMID- 7006503 TI - Effect of fermentation conditions on toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type B. AB - To obtain high yields of toxin for the preparation of purified neurotoxoids, we examined the time of appearance and the quantity of toxin produced by the Bean strain of Clostridium botulinum type B under various conditions by using a fermentor system. The medium employed consisted of 2.0% casein hydrolylsate and 1.5% yeast extract plus an appropriate concentration of glucose. The maximum toxin concentration (4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) mouse median lethal doses per ml) was attained within 48 h under the following fermentation conditions: an initial glucose concentration of 0.5 or 1.0%, a temperature of 35 degrees C, a nitrogen overlay at a rate of 5 liters/min, and an agitation rate of 50 rpm. PMID- 7006505 TI - Relative potencies of four reference endotoxin standards as measured by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate and USP rabbit pyrogen tests. AB - Four commonly used reference endotoxin standards, Escherichia coli O113:H10:K0, E. coli O55:B5, Salmonella abortusequi, and Shigella dysenteriae were compared by the USP rabbit pyrogen and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests. By the rabbit pyrogen test, S. abortus equi was identified as the most potent endotoxin, followed closely by E. coli O113:H10:K0 and E. coli O55:B5. PMID- 7006504 TI - Quantitation of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B1 antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay. AB - A specific microtest plate enzyme immunoassay has been developed for the rapid quantitation of aflatoxin B1 at levels as low as 25 pg per assay. Multiple-site injection of rabbits with an aflatoxin B1 carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate was used for the production of hyperimmune sera. Dilutions of the purified antibody were air dried onto microplates previously treated with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde and then incubated with an aflatoxin B1 carboxymethyloxime-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The amount of enzyme bound to antibody was determined by monitoring the change in absorbance at 414 nm after the addition of a substrate solution consisting of hydrogen peroxide and 2,2' azino-di-3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonate. Antibody titers determined in this manner closely correlated with those determined by radioimmunoassay. Competition assays as performed by incubation of different aflatoxin analogs with the peroxidase conjugate showed that aflatoxins B1 and B2 and aflatoxicol caused the most inhibition of conjugate binding to antibody. Aflatoxins G1 and G2 inhibited the conjugate binding to a lesser degree, whereas aflatoxins M1 and B2a had no effect of the assay. PMID- 7006506 TI - [Evidence of canine distemper virus in kidneys of apparently healthy ferrets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006507 TI - Isolation, crystallization, and properties of calotropins DI and DII from Calotropis gigantea. PMID- 7006510 TI - Proteolytic inactivation of the NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in proteinase-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7006511 TI - Inactivation of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu by the arginine-specific reagent butanedione. PMID- 7006508 TI - Limited proteolysis of calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 7006509 TI - Inhibition of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I by rose bengal. PMID- 7006514 TI - Control of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli: lack of correlation with changes in intracellular pools of ATP, GTP, and ppGpp. PMID- 7006513 TI - The effects of insulin and anoxia on the metabolism of isolated mature rat cardiac myocytes. PMID- 7006512 TI - Ethanol-induced changes in lipid composition of Escherichia coli: inhibition of saturated fatty acid synthesis in vitro. PMID- 7006515 TI - Hormones and liver mitochondria: influence of growth hormone, thyroxine, testosterone, and insulin on thermotropic effects of respiration and fatty acid composition of membranes. PMID- 7006516 TI - Multiple myeloma with cutaneous involvement. PMID- 7006517 TI - An unusual wart-like skin lesion found in a renal allograft recipient. AB - Immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients have an increased tendency to acquire warts. While studying such patients, we found a virus-induced, wart-like lesion that had an unusual histologic picture. Light microscopic studies showed bizarre keratinocytes with cytoplasmic, juxtanuclear, giant, crescentic bodies and round, nuclear inclusions, By electron microscopy, the giant cytoplasmic bodies were found to be composed of tonofilaments, and the nuclear inclusions were found to be composed of papillomavirus-like particles in a filamentous matrix. Typical papillomavirus particles were observed in a wart extract by the negative-staining method. Although virus was abundant in infected cells, no structural viral antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 1, 2, 3, or 5 could be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy, indicating infection by HPV 4 or some other, as yet undescribed, HPV type. PMID- 7006518 TI - Pemphigoid vegetans. Report of a case. PMID- 7006520 TI - Allergic vasculitis. A histological and immunofluorescent study of lesional and non-lesional skin in relation to circulating immune complexes. AB - This study concerns 57 patients who fulfilled histological criteria for the diagnosis allergic vasculitis. For 37 of these patients, biopsy specimen were available from lesional and adjacent non-lesional skin. Histological signs of vasculitis were found at both sites, but in clinically normal skin the perivascular infiltrate was less dense and neutrophils and eosinophils were sparse or absent. Fibrin was found in only ten patients and occurred less frequently in non-lesional skin. Deposits of immune complexes and/or complement were detected by immunofluorescence in 49 of the 57 patients. Hardly any differences between lesional and non-lesional skin were found with immunofluorescent microscopy. Circulating immune complexes were detected in 45 of the 56 available sera. A relationship was found between the class of immunoglobulin in immune complexes in the vessel wall and in the circulation. Moreover, the class of immunoglobulin seemed to be related to the course, the extracutaneous involvement, and the presence of associated diseases. No explanation was found for the histological differences observed between lesional and non-lesional skin. PMID- 7006519 TI - Watery diarrhoea with a vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing ganglioneuroblastoma. AB - An 8-month-old boy with persistent watery diarrhoea and failure to thrive developed abdominal distension, hypokalaemia, and flushing of the face and trunk. A high concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity was found in the serum. Soon after resection of a suprarenal mass, the serum level of vasoactive intestinal peptide became normal and the diarrhoea stopped. Histologically the tumour was a ganglioneuroblastoma: the cells showed fluorescence by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide serum. Electron microscopical examination showed abundant secretory granules in the tumour cells. Reports of chronic watery diarrhoea in children due to neural crest tumours are reviewed, with particular respect to the clinical features of the syndrome. PMID- 7006522 TI - [Diffuse interstitial pulmonary amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006521 TI - Effects of low-dose gestagen (lynestrenol 0.5 mg) and combination-type oral contraception (lynestrenol 1 mg and ethinyloestradiol 0.05 mg) on blood glucose and serum insulin levels after a glucose load. AB - Forty 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed in 10 apparently healthy female volunteers aged 21--34 years, each serving four times as her own control. Each subject was taking either a low-dose gestagen contraceptive (lynestrenol 0.5 mg) or a combination-type pill (lynestrenol 1 mg + ethinyloestradiol 0.05 mg) alternatingly in four consecutive treatment cycles. Blood glucose and serum insulin did not differ significantly with either contraceptive (paired t-test). PMID- 7006523 TI - [Gliosarcoma : a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006524 TI - [Quantitative immunocytochemical study of plasma cells in the stroma reaction in malignant skin tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006525 TI - Seronegative chronic polyarthritis: clinical and serological correlates. AB - Twenty-seven patients with chronic, active, seronegative polyarthritis were assessed clinically and serologically by accepted criteria for evidence of connective tissue diseases. The patients were divided into 2 groups, 13 positive for fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) and 14 that were negative. All but 1 patient fulfilled the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of definite rheumatoid arthritis. Four patients (2 in each group) fulfilled the preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Antiperinuclear factor was positive in 5 of the FANA-negative patients, consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. By contrast, this factor was absent in all the FANA positive patients. Positive DNA binding was found in 7 of the FANA-positive patients, in high titre in 4, consistent with a diagnosis of 'minimal lupus' with predominantly 'unisystem' disease. DNA binding was positive in low titre in 2 of the FANA-negative patients. Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were found in 4 patients with a positive FANA and in only 1 FANA-negative patient. The current clinical criteria showed poor discriminatory value in classifying cases of seronegative polyarthritis, which may represent mild cases of other connective tissue disease presenting with synovitis in the absence of extra-articular disease manifestations. PMID- 7006526 TI - IgM-rheumatoid factors cross-reactive with IgG and a cell nuclear antigen: immunopathological implications? AB - The cross-reaction of IgM-rheumatoid factors (IgM-RF) with a cell nuclear antigen has been further investigated by immunofluorescence procedures. This reaction appears to be optimal at pH 8-9, and fails to occur at pH 6.5. No evidence was obtained by immunofluorescence that IgM-RF bound to the cell nuclear antigen fixes complement. It would appear that the nuclear reactivity of IgM-RF may be of limited immunopathological significance, though this reaction is of note in understanding the behavioural nature of rheumatoid factors. PMID- 7006527 TI - Cadaver donor renal transplantation by centers of the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation. AB - This report summarizes the results after two years of a continuing prospective study of cadaver donor renal transplantation being conducted by the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF). Data are presented on 942 first grafts. Blood transfusions were found to be a major (if not the major) determinant of allograft survival. HLA-A and -B matching was of significant value and the effect of compatibility became more significant as time passed. ALS provided for better long-term survival of more compatible grafts, but it was not a "safer" immunosuppressant. Autogenous nephrectomy appeared to aid in the survival of more incompatible allografts, but not more compatible allografts. Kidneys obtained and implanted locally and kidneys obtained at one center and implanted at another had the same incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as well as the same patient and graft survival. Preservation time did not relate to ATN, patient survival, or graft survival (within the limits of the study); however, ATN did adversely affect graft survival. The final systolic pressure of the perfusion pump was the only perfusion characteristic which predicted ATN. Race, sex, pregnancy, and duration of dialysis did not correlate with graft survival if the effects of transfusions and compatibility were controlled. PMID- 7006530 TI - Primaquine liposomes in the chemotherapy of experimental murine malaria. PMID- 7006531 TI - The antimalarial activity of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines. I. The activity of clociguanil (BRL 50216) against rodent malaria, and studies on its mode of action. PMID- 7006528 TI - Prospective controlled vagotomy trial for duodenal ulcer: primary results, sequelae, acid secretion, and recurrence rates two to five years after operation. AB - In a prospective, controlled clinical trial, vagotomies for duodenal, pyloric, and prepyloric ulcers were performed on 259 patients. Eighty-three patients were randomly selected for truncal vagotomy and drainage (TV + D), 93 patients were randomly selected for selective gastric vagotomy and drainage (SV + D) and 83 patients were randomly selected for parietal cell vagotomy without drainage (PCV). This interim report deals with the primary results, reduction in acid secretion, sequelae, and recurrence rates two to five years after the operation. One patient died after the operation. Postoperative complications were evenly distributed between the three operations. No differences in spontaneous acid secretion (BAO), peak acid output after pentagastrin stimulation (PAOP), or peak acid output after insulin stimulation (PAOI) were found. Patients with recurrent ulcers ahd smaller reductions in BAO than patients without ulcer recurrences, although not significantly. Patients with ulcer recurrences after TV + D had, in contrast to ulcer recurrences after SV + D and PCV, a significantly smaller reduction in PAOP than patients without recurrences. The overall recurrence rate was 13%: 10% after TV + D, 14% after SV + D and 16% after PCV. The risk of ulcer recurrence within the first three years, calculated by an actuarial method, was found to be significantly higher after PCV (0.52% per month) than after TV + D (0.32% per month), but not different from SV + D (0.42% per month). In contrast to TV + D and SV + D, no recurrences after PCV occurred after three years--25% of the patients were followed for five years. It is concluded that the trial, at present, does not point to any evident superiority of PCV. PMID- 7006529 TI - Gallbladder injuries resulting from blunt abdominal trauma: an experience and review. AB - Over a seven-year period from 1973 through 1979, 31 patients with blunt gallbladder trauma were treated at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems. Twenty patients had contusions, ten patients had avulsions and one patient had a perforation of the gallbladder. None of the gallbladder injuries were suspected preoperatively. Twenty-eight of the 31 patients had a diagnostic peritoneal lavage performed on admission, all were positive for blood; bile was not grossly evident. Among the 30 patients, there were 75 associated intraabdominal injuries; there were 25 liver injuries. Five patients died, none as a result of their gallbladder injury. Cholecystectomy is suggested as the definitive procedure of choice for severe contusions and for perforating and avulsive injuries to the gallbladder. Cholecystostomy is indicated in a few patients and should be regarded as a temporary procedure. A review of the English literature shows a total of 101 patients (including the 31 of this study) with gallbladder injuries secondary to blunt trauma. The most commonly reported injury was perforation. The 20 contusions described in the present study are the first such injuries reported. PMID- 7006532 TI - Studies on chronic (lupoid) leishmaniasis. PMID- 7006533 TI - Paul Charles Adkins, 1925-1980. PMID- 7006534 TI - Patency and flow response in endarterectomized coronary arteries. AB - Ninety patients, operated on from May, 1978, through June, 1979, underwent coronary endarterectomy and early recatheterization. Patency of grafts to endarterectomized arteries was 103 of 118 (87.3%) and patency of conventional vein grafts in the same patients was 217 of 233 (93.1%). Myocardial blood flow using xenon 133 washout, at rest and with isoproterenol-induced stress, was measured in 7 normal coronary arteries, 28 conventional saphenous vein grafts, and 33 saphenous vein grafts to endarterectomized coronary arteries. The increase in myocardial blood flow, from rest to isoproterenol-induced stress, was comparable for the three groups. The endarterectomized group was divided further by separating out the 10 patients with heavy scarring or residual disease. The remaining patients had a flow response identical to those with conventional saphenous vein grafts. The rate of perioperative infarction in patients receiving endarterectomy was 3 of 113 (2.6%), as measured by appearance of new persistent Q waves on the serial postoperative electrocardiogram. Positive pyrophosphate scans were noted in 12 of 105 (12.4%) patients. It is concluded that, in the early stages at least, grafts to endarterectomized coronary arteries stay open and perfuse the myocardium as well as conventional saphenous vein grafts unless the myocardium is heavily scarred or unless residual disease remains. PMID- 7006535 TI - Immobilization of disc heart valves by unraveled sutures. AB - Disc immobilization by a prolapsed suture end was observed in a laboratory animal with a pivoting disc heart valve. An identical occurrence was experienced in a clinical situation by other investigators. These experiences prompted a review of sutures and suturing techniques in implanting disc heart valves, in an effort to ascertain the vulnerability of all disc valves toward disc immobilization by sutures. An attempt was made to immobilize the discs in five currently available heart disc valves with prolapsed sutures under various handling conditions. Variables included the model of disc valve, the location of the prolapsed suture, and the type of suture material used. Our investigation showed that any of the valves studied can be immobilized by prolapsed sutures. However, this complication is avoidable if the implanting surgeon adheres to a few precautionary suturing principles. PMID- 7006536 TI - Classics in thoracic surgery. Patent ductus arteriosus: a commentary (Robert E. Gross). PMID- 7006537 TI - Isolated mitral valve replacement and ventricular rupture: presentation of 6 patients. AB - The cases of 6 patients who had ventricular wall rupture after isolated mitral valve replacement and were seen in our service are reviewed. In the first 2, the main lesion was mitral stenosis and calcification was severe. Injury to the ventricular myocardium during removal of the valve was the causative factor in 1 and the most likely explanation in the other. In the other 4 patients, the dominant lesion was insufficiency. Calcium was absent, and fibrosis of the valves was minimal. Defects of technique were not obvious. All perforations were beneath the annulus. The first of these 4 latter patients underwent operation just after cardioplegic solutions were introduced for myocardial protection in our service. During that period, the incidence of ventricular wall rupture was 7.3% for mitral valve replacement (55 patients). Causing 3 deaths, it became the most important mortality factor. After reviewing the problem, we decided to change our technique by leaving practically all the posterior leaflet and most of the chords intact and placing sutures through fibrous tissue only, never into muscle, as had already been suggested. Since then, we have not seen another rupture in 23 valve replacements. PMID- 7006538 TI - Sexual medicine. A progress report. PMID- 7006541 TI - Proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome induced by renin in patients with renal artery stenosis. AB - Exacerbation of hypertension and a marked excretion of protein in the urine were observed in three patients in the absence of underlying renal parenchymal disease or other causes of proteinuria. Stenosis of a renal artery and hyperreninemia were present in all three patients. Correction of the stenosis by arterial bypass or nephrectomy resulted in a rapid decrease in urinary protein excretion. The relationship between the levels of renin activity and the proteinuria in one patient and long-term follow-up in the other two patients are reported, and the mechanisms of this proteinuria are reviewed. Renal artery stenosis may be the underlying cause in some cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7006539 TI - Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen for hemophilic arthropathy. AB - The safety and usefulness of ibuprofen (Motrin) were evaluated in 15 patients suffering from hemophilic arthropathy via a double-blind protocol with individual crossover. No significant increase in hemorrhagic episodes or alteration in platelet function was observed. A decrease in morning stiffness was noted in nine patients, and three decreased markedly their use of other pain medications. We conclude that ibuprofen represents a relatively safe agent for the management of discomfort caused by hemophilic arthropathy in a select group of hemophilic patients. PMID- 7006540 TI - Hyperkalemia and hyperglycemic increments in plasma potassium in diabetes mellitus. AB - The frequency of persistent or intermittent hyperkalemia in patients with diabetes is unknown. In 405 predominantly insulin-treated patients, major hyperkalemia was not common (< 5.0 mEq/L in 2.5%). In ten insulin-treated patients sampled hourly from 8 AM through 8 PM, major intermittent hyperkalemia was not detected (< 4.8 mEq/L in all samples). However, mean plasma potassium values paralleled mean glucose values; these variables were significantly correlated in seven of ten patients. In contrast, there were no relationships between plasma potassium and plasma free insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, or norepinephrine values. We conclude that (1) hyperkalemia--fasting or intermittent -does not occur commonly in patients with diabetes, and (2) hyperglycemia, but not insulin or epinephrine lack or glucagon excess, appears to be a direct determinant of plasma potassium but is not a sufficiently potent determinant to commonly produce clinically important hyperkalemia in insulin-treated diabetic patients. PMID- 7006542 TI - Herpes simplex type 1 hepatitis in renal transplantation. AB - Herpes simplex is a rare but usually fatal cause of acute hepatitis in adults. Most previously reported cases have occurred in debilitated or immunosuppressed patients. We report two additional fatal cases that occurred in renal transplant recipients. In case 1, there is evidence that the allograft may have been the initial nidus of infection. In case 2, dissemination from a genital infection occurred and failed to respond to vidarabine therapy that was started early in the clinical course. We also review the literature concerning previously reported cases of herpes hepatitis. PMID- 7006543 TI - Pheochromocytoma with lateralizing renal vein renin activity. PMID- 7006544 TI - Treatment of dialysis-related muscle cramps with hypertonic dextrose. AB - Hypertonic dextrose (50% dextrose in water [D50W]) has been studied as a therapeutic agent to relieve dialysis-related muscle cramps (DMCs). We conducted a double-blind study comparing the effectiveness of 1 mL/kg of D50W with an identical volume of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) administered as an intravenous bolus. Twelve of 36 patients studied experienced DMCs. Thirty-three cramping episodes were studied. Eighteen were treated with D50W and 15 with D5W. Blood glucose levels and blood pressure were measured before infusion and at intervals to one hour. Cramp relief was graded and recorded at the same intervals. Eighty nine percent of treatments with D50W resulted in complete relief, compared with 40% of treatments. Partial relief was obtained in 5.5% of treatments with D50W, compared with 40% relief with D5W. Twenty percent with D5W did not effect relief. In one treatment with D50W, observations were unsatisfactory to judge relief. There were no important side effects. We have shown D50W to be a safe effective treatment for DMC. Our data suggest that plasma volume contraction is important in the genesis of DMC, and that relief is related to expansion of plasma volume secondary to increased plasma osmolality. PMID- 7006546 TI - The uses and limits of standard exercise tests. AB - Standard exercise electrocardiography to detect coronary artery disease involves limitations of accuracy in a population of apparently healthy persons, to the extent that its value for counseling such individuals is doubtful. Among subjects being examined for chest pain, however, the accuracy of the exercise ECG in predicting coronary obstructive disease is better. In addition, the presence of more severe coronary obstructive disease tends to be associated with more distinctly abnormal tests at low levels of exercise. This tendency of association between marked ST-segment displacement at low exertion levels and more severe obstructive disease adds a measure of prognostic value to the standard exercise ECG in persons with chest pain or after myocardial infarction. The addition of either isotopic cardiac imaging or coronary arteriography to exercise ECG will be appropriate for situations in which either the ECG is known to be nonspecific or inadequate exercise is achieved. PMID- 7006547 TI - Gonadorelin and erythropoiesis. PMID- 7006545 TI - Recovery from rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Improvement after plasmapheresis and immunosuppression. AB - Two patients with rapidly advancing renal insufficiency underwent biopsy and were found to have crescentic glomerulonephritis. Patient 1 demonstrated findings compatible with Goodpasture's syndrome. Crescents were present in 100% of his glomeruli. Patient 2 had findings of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and crescents in greater than 90% of his glomeruli. Both patients were treated with high-dose prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. Patient 2 additionally required hemodialysis for a brief period. Renal function improved in both patients and has not deteriorated after follow-up of 14 and 18 months, respectively. Repeated renal biopsies were performed in each patient. Our findings suggest that clinical improvement and histologic healing are possible in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis despite the initial presence of crescents in every glomerulus. PMID- 7006548 TI - Reciprocal responses to sinusoidal tilt of neurons in Deiters' nucleus and their dynamic characteristics. PMID- 7006549 TI - Ettore Fadiga (1927-1978). PMID- 7006551 TI - [Changes in the concentration of glucose, fructose, insulin and free fatty acids in the blood plasma as well as of lactate and pyruvate in the blood of cattle after i.v. adrenaline, insulin and noradrenaline infusion]. AB - The glucose, free fatty acid, and insulin levels in the blood plasma of young cattle underwent temporary but considerable rises, following intravenous infusion of adrenalin, doses being 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/kg body weight. The average weight of these animals was 106.3 kg. The same findings were obtained from adult cattle, weighing 419.3 kg on average. A temporary but unambiguous rise of lactate in the blood was additionally recorded from young cattle. Adult cattle exhibited a temporary rise of fructose in the blood plasma. Regulation causing reflux of the analysed blood components and their return to their original levels or even below those was faster in cattle than it had been in sheep. Administration of insulin to cattle caused, within 45 minutes, decline of glucose in blood plasma from 8 mg/100 ml to 10 mg/100 ml. Intravenous application of adrenalin (5.0 micrograms/kg) increased the glucose level to 45 mg/100 ml or even 57 mg/100 ml, within five minutes. The lipolytic action of adrenalin was low under those conditions. Noradrenalin (5.0 microgram/kg body weight) exhibited merely medium glycogenolytic action but no lipolytic action at all. PMID- 7006550 TI - [Effect of the intravenous administration of a sorbitol solution on the blood plasma content of sorbitol, fructose, glucose, insulin and free fatty acids as well as on the sorbitol half-life in calves, young and adult cattle]. AB - Average sorbite half-life values were 11.8 minutes in two fasting calves, 18.7 minutes in three calves after drinking, 16.4 minutes in five heads of young cattle, and 16.6 minutes in two heads of adult cattle, following intravenous injection of 0.5 g/kg live weight of sorbite solution. Sorbite conversion thus proved adequate and better than glucose conversion. Fructose levels in the blood plasma of fasting calves as well as of young and adult cattle underwent statistically significant rises, following sorbite infusion, the steepest rise being recorded from adult cattle. Significant glucose and insulin increases following sorbite infusion were recordable only from blood plasma of adult cattle. Concentrations of free fatty acids in blood plasma were quite irregular. PMID- 7006552 TI - [Half-life of galactose in the blood plasma of lambs and sheep and the effect on various blood components after an i.v. galactose solution infusion]. AB - Three lambs, aged between four and five weeks, and four sheep, aged one year, received infusions of galactose solutions (0.5 g galactose/kg body weight). The average half-life values were 28.7 minutes in the lambs and 59 minutes in the sheep. Average galactose concentrations, five minutes from mid-infusion, were 61 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml of blood plasma in the lambs and 71 +/- 3.3 mg/100 ml in the sheep. The infusions caused statistically significant rises of glucose in the blood plasma of both lambs and sheep and an additional rise of fructose in the blood plasma of the sheep. In sheep galactose infusion resulted in rise of insulin in the blood plasma, within ten minutes from mid-infusion, the latter rise being statistically significant, from 53 +/- 26 microE/ml to 96 +/- 23.3 microE/ml. The lambs exhibited, as a result of the infusions, statistically significant rises of blood-borne lactate from 6.7 +/- 2.3 mg/100 ml to 16.7 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml on average, within five minutes from mid-infusion. PMID- 7006553 TI - [Blood bactericidal activity in calves]. AB - Methodical aspects relating to determination of serum-bactericidal capacities were studied, with the view to using them to test the bearing of abiotic environmental factors on defence mechanisms against infections. Communicated are methodical experience by which to enhance the methods used to higher accuracy as well as experience regarding biological variance in calf and results obtained from follow-up checks in which antigens were systematically used. Reference is made also to other methodical issues. The method actually used to determine serum bactericidal capacity was found to be suitable for an assessment of reactivity of infection defence in calf for its good accuracy. Follow-up checks, using antigens, will enable better assessment of the action of abiotic environmental factors on the complex defence system of calf. PMID- 7006554 TI - [Recommendations for isolation and differentiation of Pasteurella multocida]. PMID- 7006555 TI - [Endocrine pancreas function in cattle. I. Age-dependent responses in cattle as well as correlations between the mother animal and the fetus or the newborn]. AB - An account of relevant literature is followed by reference to studies undertaken into age dependence of insulin levels in the blood and into the function of the endocrine pancreas in the peripartum period. The mean plasma insulin concentrations recorded from 251 heads of cattle of different age groups varies between 0.90 ng/ml and 1.90 ng/ml, and they did not exhibit any age-dependent alteration. A positively significant correlation coefficient between insulin and glucose levels in the blood was calculated for calves, aged three days and more. No significant correlations were found to exist between those two parameters in younger animals and in adult cattle. Parturition proper was accompanied by rise in insulin in the blood of mother animals. No difference between blood insulin of mother animals and blood insulin of their own newborn calves was observed up to twelve hours from parturition. Diaplacental insulin passage was established for cattle. PMID- 7006556 TI - Do psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression conflict? Empirical evidence from a clinical trial. AB - Although pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are frequently used in combination as treatment for depression, speculations about possible negative interactions of the two treatments remain. This occurs despite growing research evidence demonstrating the greater efficacy of combined treatment. In this report six hypotheses about negative interactions between pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are evaluated on the basis of data derived from a clinical trial of psychotherapy and tricyclic antidepressants alone and in combination as treatment for ambulatory depression. None of the hypotheses was supported by the data. PMID- 7006558 TI - Depressed outpatients. Results one year after treatment with drugs and/or interpersonal psychotherapy. AB - A one-year follow-up was conducted on ambulatory nonbipolar, nonpsychotic, acutely depressed patients who received amitriptyline hydrochloride and/or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), each alone and in combination, as part of a four-month clinical trial. There were no differential long-term effects of the initially randomized treatment on clinical symptoms one year later since most of the patients were asymptomatic. While most patients were functioning reasonably well, there were some main effects of IPT on social functioning at the one-year follow-up. Patients who received IPT with or without pharmacotherapy were doing significantly better on some measures of social functioning. PMID- 7006559 TI - [Early diagnosis of relapses of cervical and endometrial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - A systematic screening-programme for tumor recurrence diagnosis was carried out in 773 patients with cervical or endometrial carcinomas. In comparison with two other patient groups in this patients an earlier diagnosis of tumor recurrences was possible and more relapses were detected in the subclinically symptomless phase. Considering the primary therapy a practicable scheme for diagnosis is proposed. PMID- 7006557 TI - Depressed outpatients treated with cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy. A one year follow-up. AB - Using a controlled, clinical-trial format, 44 nonpsychotic, nonbipolar, depressed outpatients were treated with cognitive therapy or imipramine hydrochloride over a 12-week period. Although both interventions were associated with significant reductions in levels of depression, the cognitive-therapy patients showed greater symptomatic improvement and a higher treatment-completion rate. A one-year naturalistic follow-up of the 35 subjects who completed the protocol revealed that although many of the patients had a variable clinical course, both original treatment groups remained generally well. Self-rated depressive symptomatology was significantly lower for those who, one year earlier, had completed cognitive therapy than for those who had been in the clinical trial's pharmacotherapy cell. While there were several other interesting trends in favor of the cognitive therapy patients, none of the between-group differences were significant. The pragmatic and clinical implications of the followup results are discussed. PMID- 7006560 TI - [Xenogeneic transplantation of human tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The submitted review describes the xenogeneic transplantation of human tumors. The following methods are presented with special regard to the qualification for chemotherapeutic experiments: Transplantation into immunologically privileged sites, new-born animals, experimentally immunosuppressed animals, nude mice, lasat mice, nude rats. Considering the immense amount of papers published recently only selected references could be included in the bibliography. PMID- 7006561 TI - [A controlled clinical trial on adjuvant therapy by preoperative irradiation or postoperative cyclophosphamide in breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - A randomized clinical trial on adjuvant treatment of operable breast cancer in female aged between 35 and 70 years was performed from 1962 to 1972. Criteria for admission into the trial were: unequivocal clinical evidence of breast cancer stage T1-3 NC-3; no general or technical contraindications against standard radical mastectomy type Rotter-Halsted; no contraindications against radiation or cytostatic treatment: 435 patients entered the trial and 372 patients were evaluable. Of these 126 were treated by surgery, 126 by surgery followed by cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg BW in daily intravenous doses of 200 mg), and 120 by preoperative radiation therapy (about 5500 rad tumour dose by telecobalt) and surgery. The crude 5-year survival rate was 58.7 percent, 57.1 percent, and 57.5 percent respectively. The number of local recurrences and local node metastases was 29.4% after surgery, 23.0% after surgery combined with chemotherapy, and 12,5% after surgery combined with preoperative radiation therapy. This significant reduction in locoregional recurrences was most impressive in the supraclavicular node region. In the irradiated group, the mean diameter of tumours in the surgical specimen was obviously smaller and in 11 cases the tumour in the breast was completely destroyed. PMID- 7006562 TI - Outer membrane proteins of Shigella sonnei. I. Characterization of phase I, phase II and R-form Shigella sonnei. AB - The cell envelope of Shigella sonnei phase I, phase II and R-form was fractionated inot outer and cytoplasmic membrane components by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The protein composition of the outer membrane has been analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The outer membrane preparations contained 15-17 proteins. The major proteins of the outer membrane were of apparent molecular weights: 27,000, 28,000 and 31,000. Their amount varied depending on the structural defects of lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7006563 TI - Outer membrane proteins of Shigella sonnei. II. Comparative studies on virulent and avirulent strains of phase I. AB - The proteins of the outer membrane of virulent and avirulent Shigella sonnei phase I strains were characterized by SDS-polyarcylamide gel electrophoresis and their molecular weights determined. Significant quantitative differences were found in composition of the outer membrane proteins between virulent and avirulent strains. These differences were confirmed in electrofocusing experiments and disc-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7006564 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity to dysentery bacilli with immune T lymphocytes from mice orally immunized with Shigella sonnei bacilli. AB - It has been found previously that live virulent dysentery bacilli administered orally into mice induced immunity against subsequent infection of the animals with lethal dose of these organisms introduced i.v. The experiments revealed that this immunity could be transferred with spleen cells. This report shows that treatment with antiserum prepared against the mouse theta antigen, in the presence of complement, abrogated the ability of specific immune cells to protect the recipient mice against lethal infection with dysentery bacilli. However, treatment of the cells with anti-immunoglobulin serum, in the presence of complement, did not affect the capacity of the immune cells in the adoptive transfer experiments to protect the recipients against dysentery bacilli. Thus, T cells are required for the development of the cell mediated response occurring after oral immunization of mice with live pathogenic bacilli. PMID- 7006565 TI - Rejection of skin allo- and xenografts in the grass frog, Rana temporaria and the edible frog, Rana esculenta. AB - The fate of orthotopic dorsal skin allo- and xenografts at 22 +!- 2 degrees C in the grass frog, Rana tempororai (Rt) and in the edible frog, R. esculenta (Re) which is an interspecific hybrid of R. ridibunda and R. lessonae. Median survival times (MSTs) in experimental groups Rt in equilibrium Rt, Re in equilibrium Re and Rt comes from Re were 28, 26 and 25 days, respectively. In R. tempororia hosts the significantly shorter viability of xenografts than allogeneic grafts may be caused by the broader spectrum of transplantation antigens of the hybrid donors. In the experimental group Re comes from Rt similar surviva times of sensitizing, second set and third set grafts were observed (24, 22, and 22 days, respectively). The first symptoms of destruction in the grafts of dorsal skin of R. temporaria were visible earlier than in the grafts of dorsal skin of R. esculenta independently of the species of the hosts. Hypotheses which could explain the differences observed are discussed. PMID- 7006566 TI - The immunosuppressive effect of concanvalin A. III. Influence on the survival time of skin allografts in mice. AB - The influence of Con-A on the survival time of skin grafts in mice was examined. F1 mice (BALB/c X DBA/2) were the skin donors and C57BL X C3H were the recipients. More than a two-fold prolongation in the survival time of the grafted skin was obtained by a single 100 microgram dose of Con-A given intravenously to mice 24 h prior to grafting. Con-A given in a similar manner three days after grafting did not influence the skin graft. The results obtained substantiate our earlier observations which suggested that Con-A administered prior to an antigen may inhibit the immunological response. PMID- 7006568 TI - Reduplication of the glomerular basement membrane. A study of 110 cases. AB - In 110 cases in which reduplication of the glomerular basement membrane was exhibited, the cellular components and the severity of reduplication were assessed. Sixty-three patients had only endothelial splits; two, only mesangial; and 45, endothelial-mesangial. The most severe splits occurred in transplant rejection and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In cases of transplant rejection endothelial splits were more conspicuous than combined splits, and in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis the converse was found. We found no evidence of antecedent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in any of our cases of transplant rejection, which suggests that the splits observed represented an alteration intrinsic to rejection rather than to recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Previous reports have emphasized the occurrence of mesangial cytoplasm within splits, but the present study demonstrated that reduplication of glomerular basement membrane involves both endothelial and mesangial cells. PMID- 7006567 TI - Routine cytodiagnosis of pulmonary malignancies. AB - Anesthesiologists normally discard the material routinely suctioned from the tracheal tube of patients under general endotracheal anesthesia. We preserved, and later examined microscopically, specimens from 10,621 patients. We found 11 cytologically abnormal smears from subjects with unsuspected pulmonary involvement, an incidence slightly more than 1:1,000. The accuracy of our method was assessed by calculation of the percent of abnormal smears obtained from patients with prediagnosed bronchogenic carcinomas: 40% when suctioned material was immediately spread on slides, and 67% when cellular concentration was achieved by mucolysis followed by filtration or centrifugation. Secretions normally discarded can reveal much information that would otherwise be missed. Our method may be useful if applied to patients at risk (heavy smokers, workers with asbestos, nitrosamine, or benzopyrine, miners of radioactive material, etc) who undergo general anesthesia for incidental surgery. PMID- 7006569 TI - Membranous nephropathy in a renal allograft. Its occurrence in a patient with previous anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. AB - Glomerulonephritis (GN) in transplant recipients has been attributed to recurrent as well as de novo disease. Although GN is thought to be common in renal allografts, few documented cases of de novo membranous GN in renal allografts have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of membranous nephropathy of a renal allograft in a patient whose original disease was anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. PMID- 7006571 TI - Childhood obesity: serum lipoproteins, glucose and insulin concentrations after an oral glucose load. AB - In 15 grossly obese children (10 boys, 5 girls, age: 13,1 +/- 2,4 years, mean overweight 71 +/- 13%) an oral glucose load (45 g/m2) was performed. Blood glucose was determined by means of hexokinase method and serum insulin was estimated by radioimmunoassay. According to the criteria of Rosenbloom our results show, that 5 out of the 15 children must be considered to have abnormal glucose tolerance tests. In comparison to reference values basal serum insulin values were slightly elevated, the corespondending concentrations after the oral glucose load were markedly increased in all children. Furthermore, serum lipoprotein determinations were performed using the Lipid-Research-Clinics Method, NIH, Bethesda: Comparing the mean LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations with those of age and sex matched controls no statistical differences could be found. However, the HDL-cholesterol values showed a tendency towards lower concentrations. Our data suggest that disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in grossly obese children could be only detected after the performance of an oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 7006572 TI - ["Peripheral chromatin" problem in connection with the study of the spatial organization of the cell nucleus]. PMID- 7006570 TI - [Experimental analysis of the immunizing and protective action of an association of total bacterial antigens]. AB - The A. by a series of experimental works have shown that an association of total bacteria antigens (SPRE) administered in the rabbit vai intramuscular route or by inhalation is able to cause the appearance of serum specific antibodies and to have a significant protective action. PMID- 7006573 TI - [Multicenter study with a fixed combination of oxprenolol/chlorthalidone in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7006574 TI - The loading of bioglass-coated aluminium oxide implants to produce sutural expansion of the maxillary complex in the pigtail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 7006575 TI - Long-term drift and continued efficacy after multiyear timolol therapy. AB - The clinical courses of 41 patients who received timolol maleate for experimental protocols were reviewed. We reevaluated the conditions of 17 patients with the elevated pressures of primary open angle glaucoma who had received timolol alone or in combination with other glaucoma medications for a maximum of 35 months (average, 26 months). Withdrawal of timolol led to an average intraocular pressure rise of 5 mm Hg. Eight patients treated with timolol alone showed a progressive, significant, 3-mm Hg upward rise, or "long-term drift" in IOP during the follow-up period. Pressure rise after timolol withdrawal, however, was not significantly less than pressure reduction when timolol was initiated. At least two weeks are required for "washout" or disappearance of timolol effect after timolol is withdrawn, and re-treatment for one week restores IOP to prewithdrawal levels. PMID- 7006576 TI - Computer processing of visual field data. I. Recording, storage, and retrieval. AB - A minicomputer system has been developed to provide real-time management of visual field data. Records of a large population of patients with glaucoma in a university ophthalmic practice are stored on magnetic disks. Data storage has been semiautomated by means of a microprocessor-controlled recording device for standard perimeters. Existing visual field records may also be digitized by means of a magnetic graphics tablet. Records are retrievable in real time and are graphically displayed at video terminals. PMID- 7006577 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: II. Ophthalmologists who became famous in other areas of endeavor.--Fritz Pregl (1869-1930). PMID- 7006578 TI - Computer processing of visual data. II. Automated pattern analysis of glaucomatous visual fields. AB - Machine algorithms have been developed for automated detection and characterization of glaucomatous defects in visual field records stored in a computer. Using elementary techniques of pattern analysis, the contours defining each visual field are described by a set of primitive graphic and type descriptive features. A hierarchical structure of logical tests is then used to arrive at intermediate and higher-level conclusions. Decision procedures are tailored for the detection of features commonly found in glaucomatous visual fields. Application of these analysis procedures to a large group of visual field records having a broad range of glaucomatous defects shows a very high sensitivity for detection. Specificity is limited by the extent to which defects are "typical" or obey expected patterns of field loss. PMID- 7006580 TI - A new patient group in the diabetic retinopathy vitrectomy study. PMID- 7006579 TI - Feulgen-positive deposits in retinoblastoma. Incidence, composition, and ultrastructure. AB - The incidence of hematoxyphilic extracellular deposits in 159 cases of retinoblastoma was found to be 18%. Six other features of these tumors also were examined. In the majority of eyes with these deposits, the tumors were composed solely of anaplastic cells. None was well differentiated with preponderantly rosette formation. The hematoxyphilic deposits were Feulgen-positive, and this staining was diminished but not abolished by pretreatment with purified deoxyribonuclease (DNase), which did abolish nuclear staining. Feulgen staining of the deposits was totally blocked by pronase--DNase pretreatment--suggesting that the deposits may represent DNA-protein complexes. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were electron dense and finely vacuolar. The deposits may originate from degenerating tumor cell nuclei, and the possibility that they may represent immune complexes warrants future study in view of occasional spontaneous regression of this tumor. PMID- 7006581 TI - Timolol and epinephrine in primary open angle glaucoma. Transient additive effect. AB - A randomized, double-blind clinical study was conducted on patients with primary open angle glaucoma to determine whether timolol and epinephrine have an additive effect in lowering intraocular pressure. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment sequences (timolol alone, supplemented after two weeks with epinephrine, and vice versa). An initial additive effect in lowering IOP was found in both sequences. However, after several weeks of combined therapy, complete loss of additive effect was found. Patients who were treated first with epinephrine for two weeks and then supplemented with timolol had significantly lower IOPs, for at least two weeks, than patients in the reverse treatment sequence. Epinephrine treatment alone caused a significant increase in facility of outflow, but this effect did not occur with simultaneous timolol treatment. The results are discussed in terms of possible fundamental beta- and alpha adrenergic influences on aqueous dynamics and their potential clinical relevance. PMID- 7006582 TI - The specific binding of parotin on duct cells of human parotid gland. AB - The relationship between parotin and human parotid gland was investigated using indirect technique of enzyme antibody method. Normal rabbit IgG has non-specific affinity to duct cells of human parotid gland, but it was suppressed by adding bovine serum albumin. Anti-parotin rabbit IgG has no reaction products on the sections of adult human parotid gland. When the sections, initially incubated with parotin solution in PBS, were treated with anti-parotin rabbit IgG containing bovine serum albumin, and then HRPO-labeled anti-rabbit gamma globulin antibodies (swine IgG), intercalated and striated ducts excepting excretory ducts were stained with diaminobenzidine reaction, but also acinar cells did not. These results indicate that parotin is bound specifically on duct cells of human parotid gland. PMID- 7006584 TI - Specific mechanics for abutment uprighting. AB - General practitioners can use adjunctive orthodontics in preparation for complex comprehensive dental restorative procedures. Two orthodontic educators from opposite sides of the world explain and illustrate the biomechanics of controlled abutment uprighting. Solutions to the common mechanical and clinical problems are discussed. PMID- 7006585 TI - Royal Alexandra's century of caring. PMID- 7006583 TI - A preliminary investigation into a method of producing a bond between glass ionomer cement and ceramics. AB - The advantages offered by glass-ionomer cements would be greatly extended if they formed an attachment to ceramic materials. PMID- 7006586 TI - Insulin preparations. PMID- 7006587 TI - 75th Anniversary, of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation. PMID- 7006590 TI - [Medical questions and aspects of the death dance in the Middle Ages (a contribution from Yugoslavia)]. PMID- 7006589 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the liver alcohol metabolism in the rat]. PMID- 7006591 TI - [Quantitative serum morphine determination using enzyme immunoanalysis]. PMID- 7006588 TI - Lack of effect of bromocriptine on semen quality in men with normal or slightly elevated prolactin levels. AB - Bromocriptine, 2.5 mg twice daily, was given for 3-4 months to 27 men with poor semen quality. Serum prolactin levels were suppressed. Minor side effects occurred in over half the subjects. Sperm concentration, motility and morphology and FSH, LH, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels were not changed significantly. Results for 7 men with 1 or more pretreatment prolactin levels above the upper limit of the normal range, but without other evidence of pituitary disease, were no different from those for the normoprolactinaemic men. It is concluded that bromocriptine is not useful for treatment of infertile men with normal or slightly elevated prolactin levels. PMID- 7006592 TI - [Clinical and surgical management of juvenile bone cysts with special reference to active and latent forms]. PMID- 7006593 TI - [Controlled early mobilization following secondary tendon suture]. PMID- 7006594 TI - A historical account of preventive psychiatry in the Greater Boston Area, 1942 1979. PMID- 7006595 TI - Forward mutation assay for screening carcinogens by alkaline phosphatase constitutive mutations in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A new forward mutation assay was developed with Escherichia coli using alkaline phosphatase (APase) constitutive mutations as a genetic marker. Mutation in any one of the three regulator genes (phoR, T and S) is known to make the cell constitutive for APase synthesis and enable the mutants to form larger colonies on beta-glycerophosphate plate under the condition of excess inorganic phosphate. This property was used for qualitative and quantitative assay of chemical mutagens. Attempts were made to construct suitable strains for this assay by introduction of various genetic traits that might increase the sensitivity of mutation. Three known chemical mutagens (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQNO)) were employed as reference compounds in the quantitative assay. Among the strains constructed, a tester strain with genetic markers tif-1, uvrA and pKM101 was the most sensitive to these compounds, judging from tests on concentration-dependent mutagenic activity. The merits and limitations of the present system are discussed. PMID- 7006596 TI - Isolation of rat submandibula kallikreins by using immunoadsorption chromatography. AB - A one-step immunoadsorption method for the isolation of glandular kallikreins is described using the immunoglobulin fraction from rabbit anti-(rat glandular kallikrein) serum coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The adsorptions of 125I labelled kallikrein or unlabelled kallifrein from 100 000 g submandibular gland supernatants were more than 97% complete. The elution of kallikrein from the immunoadsorbent using guanidine hydrochloride gave about 20% yield, which could be increased up to 70% by including 0.5% bovine serum albumin in the elution buffer. The electrophoretic mobility of eluted submandibular 125I-labelled kallikrein or submandibular glandular kallikrein was not altered after affinity chromatography, as judged by conventional polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis or by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. In addition, the specific esterase and the kininogenase activities of isolated submandibular kallikreins were more than 90% of those of the reference enzyme. This procedure, which results in the isolation of immunologically and biologically active submandibular kallikrein, may also be used for purificaton of other glandular kallikreins that show immunological homology. PMID- 7006597 TI - Evidence that the active centre of chymopapain A is different from the active centres of some other cysteine proteinases and that the Bronsted coefficient (beta nuc.) for the reactions of thiolate anions with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide may be decreased by reagent protonation. AB - The active centres of chymopapains A and B (jointly designated EC 3.4.22.6) and papaya (Carica papaya L.) peptidase A were investigated by using 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as thiol-specific reactivity probes. Whereas the first active-centre pKa values for chymopapain B and papaya peptidase A are less than 5, is as the case for papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and ficin (EC 3.4.22.3), that for chymopapain A is about 6.8. The reason why the reactions of thiols of pKa approx. 6.5 with 2.2'-dipyridyl disulphide are essentially pH independent in the pH range around the thiol pKa is delineated. The value of the Bronsted coefficient (beta nuc.) for the reactions of thiolate ions with the 2,2' dipyridyl disulphide monocation appears to be smaller than its value for the corresponding reactions with the neutral disulphide. PMID- 7006598 TI - A rapid method for the isolation of ribonuclease from yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis). AB - A ribonuclease (RNAase; EC 3.1.14.1) from brewer's yeast was purified 90-fold. Crude RNAase was initially separated from other proteins by precipitation at pH 4.0 after incubation of the mechanically disrupted yeast cells at pH 6.0 and 52 degrees C for 30 min. The RNAase was purified from the supernatant by ultrafiltration with a PM-30 membrane and adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. RNAase preparation was free of phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease and phosphodiesterase activities. It showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and a temperature optimum of 52 degrees C with yeast RNA as substrate. This RNAase hydrolysed yeast RNA to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and showed no evidence of base specificity. PMID- 7006599 TI - Calcium and pancreatic beta-cell function. XI. Modification of 45Ca fluxes by Na+ removal. PMID- 7006600 TI - Influence of phosphocitrate, a potent inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal growth, on mineralization of cartilage and bone. PMID- 7006602 TI - A substrate analog inhibitor of renin that is effective in vivo. PMID- 7006603 TI - A mechanism for the enzymic oxidation of methanol involving methoxatin. PMID- 7006601 TI - Irreversible inactivation of the flavoenzyme alcohol, oxidase with acetylenic alcohols. PMID- 7006604 TI - Assembly of succinic dehydrogenase complex into mitochondrial membrane in yeast. PMID- 7006605 TI - A new polypeptide substrate, Suc-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA, specific for spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). PMID- 7006607 TI - Highly sensitive assays for proteinases using immobilized luminogenic substrates. PMID- 7006606 TI - Dual enzyme activities of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, peptidoglycan transglycosylase and penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase, in purified preparations of Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 1A. PMID- 7006609 TI - The role of glutathione conjugation in the mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromoethane. PMID- 7006608 TI - Studies on the catabolism and distribution of fibrinogen in rats. Application of the Iodogen labelling technique. PMID- 7006610 TI - Arabinosyl nucleosides--XXXIII. Metabolism of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in yeast cells. PMID- 7006614 TI - Frentizole in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current status. PMID- 7006615 TI - Comparative effects of aspirin and ibuprofen in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7006611 TI - Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody synthesis after booster immunization in systemic lupus erythematosus. Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo responses. AB - The in vivo and in vitro synthesis of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody (anti-tet) was measured after booster immunization with tetanus toxoid in 9 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 9 controls. In vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from both patients and controls showed maximal anti-tet synthesis 7 days after booster immunization, and maximal serum titers occurred by day 14. The initial in vitro burst of anti-tet synthesis was not dependent upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation, whereas later synthesis was PWM dependent. Two differences between patients and controls were observed: 1) patients with SLE had a lower mean pre-boost serum titer of anti-tet, and 2) one-third of the patients showed a blunted serum anti-tet response. To study whether these abnormalities were a result of altered immune regulation, anti-tet synthesis was measured by the coculture of separated SLE-B or control-B cells and separated SLE T or control-T cell populations (+/- irradiation to remove suppressor T cell activity). These coculture studies showed that both abnormalities were due to a lack of SLE-B cell response, not to abnormalities of SLE-helper T or SLE suppressor T cell function. PMID- 7006613 TI - Frentizole therapy of active systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Frentizole is a benzimidazoleurea that has immunosuppressive properties in mice. Eleven steroid-treated patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus received frentizole (150-350 mg/day) in combination with stable or decreasing doses of prednisone in an open label trial. Nine patients completed at least one 21- to 75 day course of therapy with this drug. Clinical parameters of disease improved in 8 of these 9 patients. Mean DNA binding decreased by 28%, mean CH50 increased by 20%, and mean absolute lymphocyte and T cell counts decreased by 25-26%. Granulocytopenia was not observed. Three patients developed reversible hepatic toxicity. Clinical and serologic improvement was noted in 3 patients who accepted a second 90-day course of frentizole therapy. PMID- 7006617 TI - The efficacy of piracetam in vertigo. A double-blind study in patients with vertigo of central origin. AB - In a double-blind trial according to a switchback design with 4 periods of one week each a comparison was made between the effects of piracetam and a placebo. In 22 patients with vertigo of central origin (posttraumatic, psychogenic, ecileptogenic and hypertensive vertigo were excluded) piracetam was found to significantly reduce symptoms. On anamnestic examination the patients noted the effect of both substances on vertigo, motility disturbances, vitality and sleep. Piracetam was found to have a significant effect on the first three. The effect of piracetam is explained by an enhanced control of the cerebral cortex on the subordinated vestibular centers, in agreement with findings in the literature on animal and human pharmacology. PMID- 7006619 TI - Comparative study of the effects of penbutolol and propranolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - 1. Fourteen patients with angina with obstructive coronary artery disease were treated with propranolol, given four times daily, or penbutolol given once daily. 2. The frequency of anginal episodes and glyceryl trinitrate consumption were monitored using diary cards. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at rest and on exercise. Left ventricular function was assessed using systolic time intervals. 3. Penbutolol given once daily showed similar effects as propranolol, using both clinical assessment and changes in physiological parameters. PMID- 7006618 TI - The action of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents on platelet aggregation and vessel tone in relation to inhibition of PGI2- and thromboxane-release. With particular reference to 5-benzoyl-alpha-methyl-2-thiophene acetic acid (tiaprofenic acid). AB - The actions of 5-benzoyl-alpha-methyl-2-thiophene acetic acid (tiaprofenic acid) on platelet aggregation, coronary vascular tone and myocardial oxygen consumption were studied in vitro and compared to those of diclofenac sodium, indometacin and meclofenamate. Tiaprofenic acid dose-dependently and reversibly inhibited collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of rabbit platelet-rich plasma (IC50 2--5 micromol/l) and was as effective in this system as the reference compounds. Tiaprofenic acid did not alter the myocardial oxygen consumption up to 120 micromol/l but produced reversible and dose-dependent increases in the coronary vascular tone of both guinea pig hearts and isolated bovine coronary arteries at 0.1--10 micromol/l concentrations. This coronary vasomotor activity of tiaprofenic acid could be correlated to its ability to inhibit the vascular PGI2 production whereas the inhibition of platelet aggregation by all of the substances studied does not seem to be tightly correlated to their inhibitory effect on the thromboxane formation of blood platelets. PMID- 7006616 TI - [Efficacy of thiazide in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Results of a one-year double-blind study (author's transl)]. AB - In a one-year double-blind study, the efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide was tested in 51 out-patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis. In the group to which thiazide had been administered, urinary calcium was significantly and lastingly reduced (p < 0.001 in fasting and daily urine), in the placebo group, however, it remained unaltered. Total serum calcium was unspecifically raised in both groups (protein-bound fraction) since ionized and ultrafiltrable calcium remained unchanged and parameters for parathyroid gland function tended to be reduced. The daily oxalate excretion in the urine was reduced in both groups during treatment and most expressedly in the placebo group (p < 0.05), which indicates an influence of unspecific factors. Activity products of calcium oxalate and brushite were reduced in both groups almost equally within the metastable region. In each group, 6 patients spontaneously developed kidney stones while treated. Our data indicate that effective reduction of urinary calcium by means of hydrochlorothiazide without dietary sodium restriction is possible and that causes other than urinary calcium must account for stone formation under thiazide administration. PMID- 7006620 TI - [Dose-response relationship of xipamide in healthy subjects]. AB - To establish a dose-effect relationship for the xipamide diuretic in double-blind trials 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg of xipamide were administered to 5 groups of 6 to 14 healthy test persons in each group. Before, during and after the 15-d period of application all the blood electrolytes as well as the metabolism parameters of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, neutral fats as well as creatinine and urea were determined. Similarly during the entire period of investigation the 24-h urine samples were collected daily and from these the electrolyte excretion as well as the endogenic creatinine clearance were determined. It was found that diuresis and natriuresis significantly enhanced in comparison with placebo were already achieved with 5 mg xipamide per day, they could no further be increased by higher doses. Much rather at 40 mg xipamide per day a significant hypokalaemia as well as a light hypercalcaemia developed. Independently of the dose, during the period of investigation a light, fully compensated hypochloraemic alkalosis developed. Regarding the metabolic processes a slight increase in the uric acid and cholesterol blood levels was observed, while the blood-sugar level, the triglycerides as well as the endogenic creatinine clearance remained unaffected. It can be concluded from the investigations that maximum natriuresis and diuresis can already be achieved with a daily xipamide dose of 5 mg, while side effects can be kept at a minimum. PMID- 7006612 TI - Frentizole therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Seven corticosteroid dependent patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were given frentizole in order to assess its effect on their clinical manifestations. Three patients exhibited slight clinical improvement, 2 patients did not change, and 2 deteriorated. Five of the 7 patients developed subclinical and reversible liver damage related to frentizole. This study, although preliminary and uncontrolled, suggests that frentizole is of limited value in the management of patients with SLE. PMID- 7006621 TI - Challenge of the 80's--what's in a name? PMID- 7006622 TI - Clinical supervision: the state of the art. Part I. PMID- 7006623 TI - A simple rapid method for the preparation of en face endothelial (Hautchen) monolayers from rat and rabbit aortas. AB - This report describes a new method for preparing Hautchen monolayers for autoradiography with photographic emulsion contacting either the abluminal or luminal endothelial surface. Included is a means for monitoring completeness of the monolayer and retrieving cells which fail to adhere to it. Cell retrieval may be important in studies requiring autographic evaluation of endothelial cell populations. The procedure has been applied to endothelium containing newly reendothelialized aortic regions. PMID- 7006625 TI - Touch: a review of the literature. PMID- 7006624 TI - Control of DNA synthesis in cultured vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells -response to serum, platelet-deficient serum, lipid-free serum, insulin and oestrogens. AB - Endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation has an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. To study the effect of serum and some of its putative growth factors on DNA synthesis, the incorporation of thymidine into DNA was studied in cultured human umbilical endothelial and rat aortic smooth muscle cells. DNA synthesis in endothelial cells was progressively stimulated by increasing concentrations of human serum, maximum stimulation occurring with 20% serum. Foetal calf serum had a much lesser effect on DNA synthesis in endothelial cells. Smooth muscle cells responded equally to human and foetal calf serum. Exposure to serum prepared to exclude the platelet-derived growth factor resulted in reduced DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells. However, endothelial cells increased DNA synthesis in platelet-poor serum. Serum from which lipid had been extracted stimulated DNA synthesis less well than whole serum in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Insulin stimulated DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells, while ethinylestradiol, estrone and estriol had no effect on DNA synthesis in either type of cell. Thus cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells differ in their requirements for human serum and in their response to platelet factor and to insulin. PMID- 7006627 TI - [Use of a new immunoenzyme test in streptococcal serology]. PMID- 7006626 TI - [Antibiotic resistance and transfer in Enterobacteriaceae of avian origin]. AB - Thirty-six specimens of feces were taken from as many chicken farms, from which 118 different strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. The resistances of the single isolated bacteria were studied, performing plate sensitivity tests by the Kirby-Bauer method. The capacity of the bacteria under examination to transfer their antibiotic resistances in vitro to a sensitive E. coli strain (E. coli K 12 E 711 F--) was observed. A very high percentage of strains has shown resistance to one or more antibiotics (91%). However a much lesser number of strains were capable of transferring their antibiotic resistances (12.9%). It is suggestive, then, that the animals under examination do not represent an important source of antibiotic resistance diffusion to man. PMID- 7006629 TI - Effect of the cryopreservation on the production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) by lymphocytes from normal volunteers and patients with laryngeal carcinomas. AB - The present paper reports the results of an investigation on the influence of cryopreservation methods of human lymphocytes on the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) production following PHA stimulation. The optimal freezing and thawing procedures, fetal calf serum and dimethyl sulphoxide concentrations are reported. PMID- 7006630 TI - Suitability of Micrococcus luteus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for testing the fertility of media used in drug sterility assays. PMID- 7006628 TI - Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections by immunofluorescence on cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions. AB - The efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions was compared with virus isolation on highly sensitive cell culture systems maintained in serum-free media. Twenty out of 22 (91%) culture-positive specimens were correctly identified by indirect immunofluorescence, which gave no false positive results. Since clinical specimens were sometimes unsuitable for immunofluorescence studies, this could explain two false negative results. Thus, this technique proved to be a reliable tool for early diagnosis of RS virus infections; however, in order to avoid false negative results, it should be combined with sensitive cell culture isolation systems. PMID- 7006632 TI - [Effects of interaction between 2-Br-alpha-ergocriptine (CB 154) and naloxone on the control of insulin secretion in normal men]. AB - The effects of 2-Br-alpha-ergocriptine (CB 154, 2.5 mg per os) and naloxone (0.4 mg i.m.) as well as the interaction between these two drugs on insulin serum levels have been studied in six normal male volunteers. Both CB 154 and naloxone lower insulin serum levels, while a more clear-cut reduction is observed after CB 154 plus naloxone. These results are discussed in view of a possible involvement of dopaminergic and enkephalinergic systems in the control of insulin secretion at hypothalamic or pancreatic level. PMID- 7006631 TI - Natural and synthetic pyrrolobenzodiazepines: chemistry and some biological activities. Part II. PMID- 7006633 TI - [Method for testing niacin bound activities in man]. AB - In order to value the availability of niacin in man, it has been more suitable to test erythrocyte nicotinate-phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activities. These enzymes catalyze the production of Des-NMN and NMN from free bases. The radioactive compounds, produced from [14C] NAc and [14C] NAm, are isolated by a gel chromatography and counted in liquid scintillation. It has been observed that nicotinamide-phoshoribosyltransferase is scarcely active in human erythrocytes, while the nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase gives a good indication of niacin availability. PMID- 7006634 TI - [Use of the D7 strain of S. cerevisiae in the determination of environmental risk. 1. Genetic effects of trichloroethylene]. AB - Trichloroethylene (TCE) was tested for its ability to induce both point mutation and mitotic gene conversion in diploid strain of yeast. S. cerevisiae (strain D7) was tested for both activities in culture with and without a mammalian microsomal activation system and intrasanguinous host-mediated assay in mice. In suspension test with D7, TCE was genetically active only with microsomal activation. In vivo TCE induced both point mutation and gene conversion in D7 and gene conversion in D4 when recovered from the liver and kidneys after both acute and subacute dosing. Yeasts recovered from the lungs showed little, if any, increase in genetic effects. PMID- 7006635 TI - [Use of the D7 strain of S. cerevisiae in the determination of environmental genetic risk. 2. Genetic effects of procarbazine]. AB - Procarbazine was tested in vitro without and with S-10 fraction from mice liver (microsomal assay) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7, Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535) and in vivo in Swiss albino mice (host mediated assay) using D7. Procarbazine without S-10 fraction was highly toxic and induced mitotic cross-over, gene conversion, and reverse mutation in D7. It had a toxic effect on all the Salmonella strains, but it did not induce any reverse mutations of the histidine mutants. In host-mediated assay using Saccharomyces, there was no genetic effect found in the indicator organism. PMID- 7006637 TI - [Liver transplantation: an experimental model with rats]. AB - In this report the Authors describe their surgical technique of liver transplantation in the rat. The operation has been performed on fifty rats of 400 gms of weight, stabulated in standard conditions. The surgical technique has been extremely simplified, requiring only two end-two-end vascular anastomoses and another anastomoses between common bile duct and duodenum. Under the surgical point of view results are excellent, as demonstrated by the normal macroscopic appearance of the new transplanted liver, indicating a good revascularization; pre- and post-operative surgical complications are very rare. However, during the immediate post-operative course the incidence of mortality is high, because the occurrence of electrolytes imbalance can be responsible of cardiac arrest, respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary edema. PMID- 7006636 TI - [Hypertriglyceridemia, IRI and platelet aggregation]. AB - The Authors have studied in 13 patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemie the behaviour of platelet aggregation and the response of IRI and blood nefa to an oral glucose load. Only two, in whom it has been possible to evidence a basal hypernefemia and a net hyperinsulinism in response to glucose oral load, showed platelet hyperaggregation to all inducers. These findings suggest that type IV hyperlipoproteinemia does not significantly influence platelet aggregation, in which IRI may have a possible role. PMID- 7006640 TI - The vagus and the heart revisited. PMID- 7006638 TI - [Behavioral effects of medial-dorsal thalamic, mediobasal hypothalamic and amygdaloid lesions in the rat]. AB - Experiments were carried out to examine the effects of restricted brain lesions on activity, emotionality and aggressiveness of rats. The open-field activity test, the number of defecations test and the interspecific aggressiveness test were, respectively, employed. Lesions were placed on medial thalamus (MD), ventromedial (VM) or arcuate (ARH) hypothalamic nuclei, medial (AME) or intercalate (ICL) amygdaloid nuclei. No aggressiveness was detected in the rats under experiment, independently of the type of lesion. The open-field activity test given significant differences between control rats and animals with VM, ARH, AME or ICL lesion. Remarkable changes in the emotionality were found only between sham-operated controls and MD lesioned rats. It was concluded that hypothalamus and amygdala lesioned nuclei play a role in the neural mediation of activity, while medial thalamus influences the mediation of emotional response. PMID- 7006639 TI - [Small guillotine to obtain reproducible coronal sections from rat brain]. AB - In order to study the morphology and function of central catecholaminergic and peptidergic neurons, it is necessary to obtain reproducible brain sections from several animals. We describe here a cutting machine for sectioning unfixed brains in frontal planes. This versatile guillotine gives a high degree of repeatability in sectioning brains of different animals in defined frontal planes. PMID- 7006641 TI - [Behavior of plasma insulin and GIP in obese patients subjected to biliopancreatic bypass]. AB - Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en Y reconstruction, being the small bowel transected at its midpoint and the enteroenteroanastomosis placed 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Insulin and GIP fasting and meal-stimulated plasma concentrations were determined in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, in 13 nonoperated obese patients, in 11 subjects within two months, in 12 subjects four to twelve months, and in 7 subjects fifteen to twenty months after operation. Insulin in the obese patients was significantly higher than in the control group. Postoperatively these patients showed a sharp reduction in basal and postprandial values. Plasma insulin levels, both basally and following the test meal, were very similar in the 15-20 month and the control group. Plasma GIP fasting level, meal-stimulated peak and integrated response in the obese group were higher than in control group. Due to the extreme variability among subjects in the obese group, the difference was significant only for the mean peak response. All values were greatly reduced after surgery. The mean fasting level in the 15-20 month group was very similar to that in the control group, and both peak and integrated responses were significantly lower than in the preoperative and control groups. PMID- 7006642 TI - [Effect of sex on annual variations in GH response to insulin hypoglycemia in prepuberal subjects of small stature]. AB - 86 males and 66 females, aged 6 to 10 years, affected by short stature (SDs -2 according to Tanner), were investigated from 1977 to 1979 in order to evidence any circannual rhythm in the GH response to insulin test. The patients were hospitalized one week before the study starting and they observed the following life schedule:nocturnal rest from 2200 to 0600, meals at 0800, 1300, 1800. The insulin test (0,1 UI/Kg body weight) were administered at 0800. Plasma samples were taken before and after 20, 40, 60, 90 minutes. The single basal data and the peak were fitted a cosine function by least square method in order to describe amy rhythm and to estimate its parameters:mesor, amplitude, acrophase. A significative circannual rhythm in the GH response to insulin is present in the female subjects, with acrophase in December (-354.85 degrees +/- 21.93). Our study suggest that the sex may influence the circannual response of GH to insulin stimulus from prepubertal age. PMID- 7006644 TI - [Insulin and chondrogenesis: experimental study of chick embryo malformation]. PMID- 7006643 TI - [Effects of PGA 1 on immune response in mice with melanoma B 16]. AB - This study evaluated the effects of PGA1 on B 16 melanoma bearing mice. PGA1 was observed to inhibit the rate of melanoma growth, both as delay in the rate of appearance and decrease in tumor volume. Furthermore PGA1 stimulated humoral but not cellular immune response in melanoma bearing mice, while it was ineffective in normal mice. PMID- 7006645 TI - [Effect of the unsaponifiables of the most common edible oils on the development of E. coli bacteria]. AB - The writers within the context of the research on the biological actions of the unsaponificables in the most common edible oils, have tested the effects produced by such unsaponificables on the culture of E. Coli. The unsaponificables, and those of seed oils of peanuts and sunflowers in particular, aid the doubling of the E. Coli. Similar research on the culture of animal cells (in vitro) and unicellular algae, are at present outstanding. PMID- 7006646 TI - [Dyskinesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006647 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on the functioning pituitary adenomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006648 TI - [Brain steam encephalitis caused by herpesvirus hominis died of acute respiratory failure--report of a case with autopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006650 TI - An update on elastomeric impression materials. PMID- 7006649 TI - Advances in the treatment of oral disease. Rehabilitation of function. PMID- 7006651 TI - Partial anodontia. A prosthetic solution. PMID- 7006653 TI - A tribute to Walter Somerville. PMID- 7006652 TI - Glimpses of medical history. PMID- 7006655 TI - Left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. I: Methodology, and prevalence and spectrum of abnormalities. AB - Frequent abnormalities of left ventricular function were detected in 212 established diabetic patients using non-invasive techniques. Diabetics without angina or heart failure (n = 185) were significantly different from normal subjects (n = 50) in beat-to-beat variation, ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time, pre-ejection period index, isovolumic relaxation time, and interval from minimal dimension to mitral valve opening. Diabetics with angina (n = 18) were similar to control subjects with angina (n = 25); they showed a significant dimension change during the isovolumic period as compared with other diabetics and normals. Sixteen diabetics without angina also showed outward motion during the isovolumic period (incoordinate relaxation) and 13 had abnormal systolic time intervals. Four diabetics suffered a myocardial infarction during the study period; all had previously shown incoordination. Comparison of diabetics with a diastolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg and between 100 and 125 mmHg showed that the latter had a thicker posterior wall; the enlarged systolic dimension and reduced fractional shortening were the result of the inclusion of five of the 11 diabetic subjects with heart failure in the hypertensive group. Insulin-dependent diabetics tend to have more pronounced abnormalities of left ventricular function than those not requiring insulin. Patients selected from a diabetic clinic frequently have impaired left ventricular function, and ventricular hypertrophy, when present, in primarily caused by hypertension. PMID- 7006656 TI - Left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. II: Relation between clinical features and left ventricular function. AB - We have shown a close relation between clinical microvascular complications and abnormalities of left ventricular function in 185 established diabetics without clinical heart disease. In 50 insulin-dependent diabetics who presented at under 20 years of age there was a correlation between the duration of diabetes and the isovolumic relaxation time, minimal dimension to mitral valve opening, and ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time. Diabetics with mild microvascular complications were similar to diabetics with no complications except for minor prolongation of the diastolic time intervals. Those with severe complications were significantly different from diabetes with milder complications and normal controls in all variables of left ventricular function. A close relation between left ventricular function and the microvascular complications index (code 0 when no complications to code 7 when all present and severe) was found for the following variables: isovolumic relaxation time, the interval from minimal dimension to mitral valve opening, ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time, and pre-ejection period index. It is concluded that in diabetes abnormalities of left ventricular function are related to duration of disease and complications; and that a diabetic specific heart muscle disorder occurs frequently in patients with severe microvascular complications. PMID- 7006658 TI - A double blind comparison of meptazinol versus pentazocine in chronic rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. PMID- 7006654 TI - Anatomico-electrophysiological correlations in the conduction system--a review. PMID- 7006657 TI - WY 16225 (dezocine), a new synthetic opiate agonist-antagonist and potent analgesic: comparison with morphine for relief of pain after lower abdominal surgery. AB - Dezocine (Wy 16225), a new analgesic was compared randomly and double-blind with morphine 10 mg in 160 female patients complaining of moderate (group I) or severe (group II) pain after elective lower abdominal surgery; both drugs were given i.m. In group I, pain relief with dezocine 10 and 15 mg was significantly greater than dezocine 5 mg; dezocine 10 mg appeared equipotent with morphine 10 mg. Similar, but statistically insignificant differences were observed in group II. Patient sedation was minimal and untoward side-effects infrequent with all doses of the trial drugs. PMID- 7006660 TI - Is nasogastric aspiration really necessary following cholecystectomy? PMID- 7006659 TI - The role of prophylactic antibodies following hand injuries. PMID- 7006662 TI - Cimetidine treatment for anastomotic ulceration after partial gastrectomy: short term clinical trial and maintenance study. PMID- 7006663 TI - Report on the second myelomatosis trial after five years of follow-up. Medical Research Council's Working Party on Leukaemia in Adults. AB - Three hundred and seventy-two patients were randomized between 3 regimens of chemotherapy: cyclophosphamide, intermittent melphalan, and melphalan with prednisone, and were followed up to death or for at least 5 years. There was no difference in survival between the treatments, either overall or in any subgroup of patients. Therefore, the choice among these 3 treatments should be guided by the patient's comfort and convenience. The most important prognostic feature at presentation was the quality of renal function. It was possible to define good, intermediate and poor renal-function groups which were highly correlated with prognosis (X2 for trend = 62.6). The haemoglobin level at presentation was strongly correlated with prognosis among patients in the good renal-function group. Among 107 patients who presented with good renal function and with haemoglobin above 100 g/l, the 5-year survival was 43%. Other prognostic features were much less important when account was taken of renal function and haemoglobin level. PMID- 7006661 TI - A clinical trial of oxatomide in asthma. PMID- 7006664 TI - Treatment comparisons in the third MRC myelomatosis trial. Medical Research Council's Working Party on Leukaemia in Adults. AB - Results after an average follow-up of 3 years are presented on 485 patients in the 3rd MRC therapeutic trial in myelomatosis. The 353 non-azotaemic patients (199 now dead) were randomized between i.v. cyclophosphamide (CY) and oral melphalan with prednisone (M & P). THose treated with M & P fared slightly, but non-significantly, better. The 132 azotaemic patients (111 now dead) were randomized between i.v. CY and a 4-drug regimen, and both groups fared equally badly. Finally, after one year of the allocated treatment, 297 survivors (126 now dead) were randomized either to stop all treatment until evidence of relapse was obtained, or to continue treatment with azathioprine and vincristine, interrupted every 3 months for a course of the first-allocated treatment. The overall results suggested that maintenance therapy was beneficial, though the results were not statistically significant. Most of the difference was found among the few patients with unfavourable prognostic features who survived one year and were eligible for this randomization. In this, as in the two previous MRC trials, no striking differences have emerged between the therapeutic effects of different schedules of melphalan and/or CY. Consequently, a regimen of intermittent oral melphalan (with or without prednisone) seems satisfactory, because it is among the least toxic and most convenient. The 4th myeloma trial, now beginning, seeks to discover whether the addition of vincristine to the regimen can improve these results. PMID- 7006665 TI - Immunization against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone: histopathological and hormonal changes in the female rat. AB - Immunization of female rats against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) resulted in cessation of the oestrus cycles, undetectable serum gonadotrophin levels and a reduction of pituitary gonadotrophin stores and of hypothalamic content of GnRH. Immunization abolished the post-ovariectomy rise in serum levels and in pituitary content of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) without affecting prolactin levels. This suggests that GnRH is involved in the regulation of synthesis as well as the secretion of LH and FSH. Histopathological changes were found in the pituitary, ovaries and uterus of the immunized rats. A marked reduction in the number of gonadotrophs as well as a small decrease in the size of other cells was observed in the pituitaries of rats having high anti-GnRH titres. Rats immunized 5 weeks before castration showed a marked reduction in the number and in the size of castration cells. The ovaries exhibited various degrees of atrophy which were correlated with the anti-GnRH titres. Rats with high anti-GnRH titres revealed extensive atrophy of stromal cells with disappearance of large follicles and corpora lutea; ovaries of rats with low titres of antibodies exhibited small corpora lutea and larger follicles, some of which were cystic. Uteri of rats having high titres of anti-GnRH were severely atrophied with cystic glandular dilation. Uteri of rats with low anti GnRH titres showed squamous-cell metaplasia and fibrosis of the endometrial stroma. PMID- 7006666 TI - Cellular events leading to blister formation in bullous pemphigoid. AB - Cellular events occurring in eight patients with bullous pemphigoid were studied by light and electron microscopy. Sections (0.5 micrometer) of large surface area, overlapping blisters and surrounding skin, were examined and correlated ultrastructural studies were performed on selected areas. The peroxidase contained in granules of neutrophils, eosinophils and young macrophages was visualized by incubation with diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide. This cytochemical reaction was used as a marker to study the release of granule enzymes from these inflammatory cells. The release of such enzymes from eosinophils and occasionally from macrophages on the epidermal basement membrane (more precisely in the lamina lucida) was demonstrated in the skin surrounding the blisters in four patients. The release of these enzymes was also observed in the floor of the blisters in all eight patients. It is well known that these granules contain several proteolytic enzymes. These observations are therefore consistent with the proposal that proteolytic enzymes of eosinophils play a pathogenic role during the initial stages of blister formation in bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7006667 TI - Wheat grain immunofluorescent antibodies as an indication of gluten sensitivity? AB - An immunofluorescence method using whole sections of wheat grains as the substrate was applied to detect circulating antibodies to wheat gluten in dermatitis herpetiformis patients and in controls. Only IgG class antibodies were detected. From dermatitis herpetiformis patients 22% had these antibodies as had 22% of the atopic dermatitis group. Among the controls who had no skin problems 12% were faintly positive. It is evident that the test as such is non-specific and does not have diagnostic significance in dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7006668 TI - Desquamative gingivitis: a form a cicatricial pemphigoid? PMID- 7006669 TI - A method for culturing human hair follicle cells. AB - For the first time a method for culturing human hair follicle cells is described. The bovine eye lens capsule, a basement membrane-like structure, is used as the substrate for the cultures. In a culture medium supplemented with hydrocortisone and insulin about 70% of the original follicles will form growing colonies of diploid keratinocytes. PMID- 7006671 TI - Coexistent atypical bullous pemphigoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A vesiculobullous eruption with clinical and histological features of bullous pemphigoid developed in a 38-year-old woman with proved systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient had a sulphone responsive blistering disease that was characterized by pruritic subepidermal bullae and linear, predominantly IgA basement membrane zone deposition and IgA pemphigoid antibodies in her sera. Because both diseases are associated with immune complexes of special immunoglobulin classes, this association may not be entirely fortuitous. PMID- 7006670 TI - Evaluation of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity as a marker of T lymphocytes in benign and neoplastic cutaneous infiltrates. AB - Activity of the enzyme acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) in T lymphocytes and histiocytes in cutaneous tissue sections of patients with histologically confirmed lichen planus, chronic discoid eczema and mycosis fungoides was compared with results obtained using an in situ immunohistochemical technique employing an antiserum against the human T lymphocyte surface antigen (HTLA). In lichen planus and chronic discoid eczema, most of the cells in the cutaneous infiltrate exhibited both positive ANAE activity and the presence of HTLA. In mycosis fungoides, cells identified as T lymphocytes by the presence of HTLA often showed no ANAE activity. ANAE activity appears to be a useful marker of T lymphocytes in benign cutaneous infiltrates but is less reliable in labelling abnormal T cells. PMID- 7006672 TI - Inhibitor of in vitro neutrophil migration in sera of children with homozygous sickle cell gene during pain crisis. AB - There is conflicting evidence for a causal relationship between infection and haematological crisis of sickle cell disease. To find out whether changes in leucotaxis occur during pain crisis, in-vitro neutrophil migration was determined in 38 children with Hb SS during steady state and during pain crisis. Migrations of neutrophils of sickle cell patients was 29 +/ 12 microns in steady state and 27.5 +/- 10.5 microns during pain crisis. These rates were comparable to migration of neutrophils of control children with normal haemoglobin of 34 +/- 9.6 microns. However, with addition of autologous serum to the cell suspension, neutrophil migration of patients in pain crisis was significantly retarded (16 +/ 13 microns) as compared to those in steady state (26 +/- 10.2 microns) and control children (28.7 +/- 10 microns). Sera of children in pain crisis also inhibited migration of neutrophils of healthy adults with normal Hb. Pooled normal plasma reversed inhibitory action of pain crisis serum on autologous and homologous neutrophil migration; but pain crisis plasma did not. Chemotactic effect of sera of Hb SS children in steady state or pain crisis and control children on neutrophils of eight adults with normal Hb were similar and comparable to that of pooled normal serum. Thus, children with sickle cell disease develop chemotactic inhibitor(s) in their circulation during pain crisis. They may lead to defective leucotaxis and enhanced susceptibility to infection. PMID- 7006674 TI - Origin of anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) and Tn agglutinins in man and in White Leghorn chicks. AB - Interest in anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antibodies has increased because of their significance in detection of and their possible interaction with human adenocarcinoma. The origin of anti-T, which all humans possess, has not been ascertained. We determined here that anti-T and -Tn agglutinins could readily be induced via the physiological intestinal route by an enteric bacterium, E. coli O86, which possesses T and Tn activities. One dose of live E. coli O86 given in the drinking water to germfree chicks, who had no anti-T and -Tn antibodies, resulted, in all birds, in formation of saline agglutinating anti-T and -Tn antibodies as well as those detectable only by indirect agglutination. Antibody specificity was confirmed by adsorption on and elution from homologous human erythrocytes and for anti-T also by haemagglutination inhibition. In contrast, control chicks raised under ordinary conditions did have anti-T and -Tn prior to feeding E. coli O86. In humans, six diarrhoeic and five healthy infants and the majority of 13 adults investigated were fed killed rather than live E. coli O86. All infants, but one, suffering from diarrhoea showed a significant increase (greater than or equal to 4-fold) in anti-T and/or anti-Tn antibodies; in some, these antibodies were elicited de novo. All four adults with intestinal lesions had a significant increase of anti-T and/or -Tn subsequent to ingestion of E. coli O86, as did five of nine healthy adults, but to a lesser extent. These findings support the immune nature of demonstrable levels of anti-T and -Tn. PMID- 7006673 TI - The effect of clinical prostacyclin infusions in advanced arterial disease on platelet function and plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels. AB - We have infused synthetic prostacyclin (PGI2) continuously for approximately 72 h at the maximum tolerated dose (ranging from 5 to 60 ng/kg/min) into nine patients with advanced arterial disease. Prior to the infusion seven out of nine patients had spontaneous platelet aggregation and five out of six patients tested had an abnormal circulating platelet aggregate ratio. During the infusion only one patient still had spontaneous aggregation and all the abnormal circulating platelet aggregate ratios returned to the normal range. However, none of the patients showed any suppression of ADP induced aggregation. The level of exogenous PGI2 required in vitro prior to the infusion to completely inhibit ADP induced aggregation was 5-10 ng/ml in three of the four patients tested. Ten healthy adults showed complete inhibition with 1 ng/ml of PGI2. It appears that the platelets of some patients with arterial disease are more resistant to the anti-aggregating properties of PGI2. Plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were within the normal range (100-381 pg/ml) in all but one of the patients prior to the infusion. During the infusion plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels rose proportionally to the infusion dose. After stopping the infusion 6 keto PGF1 alpha levels declined according to an exponential process with a half life of 18-29 min, prolonged to 47 min in one patient who was anuric. The linear increase in 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels suggests this as a useful indicator of increased circulating PGI2. PMID- 7006675 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. Case report. PMID- 7006676 TI - PZ-peptidase activity in the pregnant and non-pregnant human cervix. AB - PZ-peptidase activity was determined in homogenates of cervical tissue from non pregnant women, women in late pregnancy and women immediately after delivery. There was a significant increase in activity in late pregnancy and a further increase in post-delivery specimens when compared with non-pregnant tissue. A possible link between rising prostaglandin levels and cervical softening is suggested. PMID- 7006677 TI - Immunopathological and clinical studies in herpes gestationis. AB - Herpes gestationis is a recurring pruritic, vesiculobullous disease of pregnancy and puerperium. Recently, Lawley et al (1979) reported a high frequency (38 per cent) of fetal morbidity and mortality in 40 cases of immunologically proven herpes gestationis. This study was undertaken to determine whether the antibody to skin basement membrane (found in most patients with herpes gestationis) is able to bind to the placenta basement membranes and thereby to threaten the pregnancy. We were unable to detect this antibody in the placental basement membranes of a patient with herpes gestationis, nor could we demonstrate that the anti-basement membrane antibody, found in the sera of herpes gestationis patients, binds to homologous or autologous placentas and fetal membranes. The importance of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this condition is discussed. PMID- 7006678 TI - Systemic immunity in herpetic keratitis. AB - The importance of specific immunity, especially cell-mediated, in resistance to herpes simplex disease is well documented, and animal experiments show that immune responses to previous herpetic infection can give considerable protection against reinfection in epithelial keratitis. Since susceptibility to stromal herpetic keratitis is probably determined in part by the extent of virus proliferation in the epithelium, immune responses to herpes simplex virus were studied in patients with epithelial or stromal keratitis, a group of patients with keratitis who were also severely atopic, and controls. The parameters measured were lymphocyte transformation, production of macrophage migration inhibition factor, and levels of serum antibody and immunoglobulin. No group differences were found except for a slight decrease in the whole blood culture assessment of lymphocyte transformation in stromal keratitis patients compared with seropositive controls and patients with epithelial disease. It is considered that in a small group of patients a deficiency in the specific cell-mediated immune response plays a role in determining the spread of virus into the corneal stroma. PMID- 7006679 TI - Development of quantitative methods of measuring antifungal drug effects in the rabbit cornea. AB - By means of multiple inoculation in each cornea with microtrephination a highly reproducible quantitative model of fungal infection of the rabbit corneal stroma has been produced. A known suspension of the chosen pathogen was systematically implanted into the trephine sites in the cornea. The degree of infectivity was monitored in both the preinoculation treated corneae (prophylaxis) and the postinoculation treated corneae (therapy). Examples measuring and comparing the antifungal effect of various imidazole drugs against Candida albicans are discussed. PMID- 7006681 TI - Inhibition of orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase by 1-(5'-phospho-beta-d ribofuranosyl)barbituric acid, 6-azauridine 5'-phosphate, and uridine 5' phosphate. AB - 1-(5'-Phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)barbituric acid, an analogue of orotidylic acid, binds to orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase about 100000 times as strongly as does the substrate. The Ki at pH 6 is 9 X 10(-12) M and the half-time for dissociation at 4 degrees C is about 10 h. The binding of the barbiturate analogue to the enzyme is thus one of the strongest interactions between small molecules and proteins that have been measured. The possibility that the inhibitor is a transition-state analogue is discussed. PMID- 7006680 TI - Clinical aspects of the measurement of oxygen flux into the cornea. AB - A comparison was firstly done of the oxygen flux through the Bausch and Lomb Plano T lens, the Bausch & Lomb U3 lens, and the Duragel 75 lens with a sensor on the normal eye. The results showed that the Bausch and Lomb Plano T lens was the best for use with the sensor probe. The sensor was then used to obtain a comparison with the normal oxygen flux through a therapeutic lens on keratoplastic eyes and eyes with bullous keratopathy. The results showed that both conditions had a lower oxygen consumption than normal and that eyes with bullous keratopathy predictably had the lowest value. PMID- 7006682 TI - Catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase: resolution of three variants of the acyl-enzyme mechanism. AB - Three variants of the classical acyl-enzyme mechanism were compared theoretically with respect to the predicted transient kinetics of substrate hydrolysis by Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. In all three, acyl-enzyme hydrolysis was assumed to exist initially primarily as a noncovalent complex with the acid product, inorganic phosphate. In one mechanism, the pre-steady-state rate controlling step was assumed to be the dissociation of acid product from its initial complex with enzyme. In the other two, pre-steady-state rate control was assigned to an enzyme isomerization occurring before or after substrate binding to free enzyme. Under concentration conditions of excess substrate and acid product, integrated rate laws were used to reject the possibility of pre-steady state rate control by enzyme isomerization between phosphate dissociation and substrate binding. Whereas this mechanism predicts a pre-steady-state noncompetitive relationship between substrate and acid product, the stopped-flow kinetics of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate hydrolysis demonstrates a competitive relationship, consistent with either of the other two mechanisms. Under concentration conditions of stoichiometrically limiting substrate, computer simulations eliminated the possibility of rate control by enzyme isomerization after substrate binding. This mechanism predicts a substrate concentration dependence for the apparent first-order rate constant of substrate hydrolysis which disagrees with previously published data [Halford, S. E. (1971) Biochem. J. 125, 319--327]; the other two mechanisms are consistent with experiment. Comparison of transient kinetic theory and experiment under these two contrasting concentration conditions suggests strongly that the rate-controlling step in phosphate ester hydrolysis by E. coli alkaline phosphate is the dissociation of "sticky" acid product from its noncovalent complex with enzyme. This mechanism explains an anomaly in the stopped-flow kinetic trace, a substoichiometric pre steady-state burst of alcohol product release. PMID- 7006684 TI - Conformation of myosin in dilute solution as estimated from hydrodynamic properties. AB - On the basis of the current knowledge of the structure and dimensions of myosin and its parts, we analyze available data on hydrodynamic properties (translational diffusion, rotational diffusion, and intrinsic viscosity) for comparison with values calculated for models with varying geometry. Special attention is paid to detecting flexibility effects in those properties. After obtaining a plausible model for subfragment S-1, we concentrate on the conformation of the rodlike parts of myosin. Although uncertainties in the experimental values do not allow a rigorous, quantitative analysis, we show how hydrodynamic data provide evidence for the flexibility of the rod at the joint of subfragment S-2 and light meromyosin. PMID- 7006685 TI - Determination of the equilibrium distibution between alcohol and aldehyde substrates when bound to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase using magnetic resonance. AB - The interactions of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) with the rho trifluoromethyl derivatives of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid have been investigated by use of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance. The aldehyde and alcohol are good substrates for the enzyme and display kinetic characteristics similar to other alcohol/aldehyde pairs. In single-turnover experiments with NADH, rho-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde shows biphasic kinetics similar to those shown by other aromatic aldehydes, which led Bernhard and co-workers [Bernard, S. A., Dunn, M. F., Luisi, P. L., & Shack, P. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 185] to propose half-of-the-sites reactivity for this enzyme. Fluorine magnetic resonance demonstrates that under equilibrium conditions at 4 degrees C and pH 8.75 rho (trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol binds to LADH with a dissociation constant of 1 x 10(-3) M. Addition of 1 equiv of NAD to a stoichiometric complex of LADH and the alcohol generates a discrete resonance. This resonance corresponds to the ternary complex of LADH, NAD, and alcohol with little contribution from the NADH and aldehyde ternary complex. Quantitation shows that the bound NAD-alcohol pair is favored by at least a factor of 20 over the bound NADH-aldehyde pair at equililbrium. These results are consistent with explanations for the biphasic kinetics which involve half-of-the-sites reactivity of multiple steps in the reaction of each catalytic site. These results eliminate explanations for the biphasic kinetics of this system which require this equilibrium constant to have a value near unity or those which give greatest thermodynamic stability to the heterodimer LADH [(NAD-alcohol)(NADH-aldehyde)]. PMID- 7006686 TI - Mechanism of action of enolase: effect of the beta-hydroxy group on the rate of dissociation of the alpha-carbon-hydrogen bond. PMID- 7006687 TI - Probing the limits of protein-amino acid side chain recognition with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Discrimination against phenylalanine by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases. AB - The specificity of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli and bacillus stearothermophilus for tyrosine compared with phenylalanine has been determined by using samples of phenylalanine which have been scrupulously freed from tyrosine by either chemical or enzymic scavenging procedures. Both kinetic measurements and product analyses give a value of 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(5) for the preferential activation of tyrosine. Combined with the known ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine in rapidly growing E. coli, an error rate of about approximately 5/10(4) is calculated for the misactivation of phenylalanine. Since we find no evidence for an editing mechanism and this error rate is similar to observed rates in protein synthesis, the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases appear to have adequate amino acid selection by simple preferential binding of the correct substrate. The incremental binding energy of the phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine is approximately 7 kcal/mol, a value presumed close to the maximum possible because of the evolutionary pressure on tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases for maximum specificity. A summary of high incremental binding energies determined from experiments on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is presented. PMID- 7006689 TI - Effects of actin and calcium ion on chymotryptic digestion of skeletal myosin and their implications to the function of light chains. AB - Experiments have been carried out to assess the involvement of the myosin light chains [obtained by treatment of myosin with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2)] in the control of cross-bridge movement and actomyosin interactions. Chymotryptic digestions of myosin, actomyosin, and myofibrils do not detect any Ca2+-induced change in the subfragment 2 region of myosin. Actin, like Ca2+, protects the in situ Nbs2 light chains from proteolysis and causes a partial switch in the digestion product of myosin from subfragment 1 to heavy meromyosin. This effect is independent of the state of aggregation of myosin, and it persists in acto heavy meromyosin and in actinomyosin in 0.6 M NaCl. Digestions and sedimentation studies indicate that there is no direct acto light chain interaction. Proteolysis of myosin shows a gradual transition from production of heavy meromyosin to subfragment 1 with lowering of the salt level. In the presence of Ca2+ heavy meromyosin is generated both in digestions of polymeric and of monomeric myosin. These results are explained in terms of localized changes within the Nbs2 light chains and subfragment 1. Subunit interactions in the myosin head lead to a Ca2+-induced reduction in the affinity of heavy meromyosin for actin in the presence of MgATP. The resulting Ca2+ inhibition of the actin-activated ATPase of myosin can be detected at high salt concentrations(75 mM KCl). PMID- 7006683 TI - Conformational dynamics of insulin in solution. Circular dichroic studies. AB - Conformational changes of bovine insulin in solution with concentration and pH detected by circular dichroic (CD) studies are reported. The change in the CD spectrum of insulin in the higher concentration range (from 100 microM down to 2 microM) is relatively small, but in the lower concentration range (from 2 microM down to 60 nM) the CD spectrum changes substantially with concentration. A detailed analysis of the data indicates that the hormone has two major conformational states: conformation I, a form which predominates in extremely dilute solutions and corresponds to the monomeric state, and conformation II, a form present in the crystalline state and also, with but minor changes, in all associated states in solution. The apparent conformation of insulin at various concentrations is computed by using a nonlinear least-squares iterative computer program. The mean residue ellipticities at 223 and 208 nm are extrapolated by using [theta] lambda VS. fmonomer plots to calculate the conformations of monomeric and dimeric insulin. These calculations indicate that conformation I of insulin has 21% less helix content than conformation II, the latter conformation being very similar to that found in the crystalline state. It is also evident from these calculations that the conformational transition is of the helix--coil type. Studies pertaining to the dependence of the CD spectrum of insulin on pH are also reported, and a comparison is made with earlier sedimentation coefficient studies. An analysis of the data indicates that changes in the sedimentation coefficient correspond quite closely to changes of CD spectra with pH. This paper is the first report known to us pertaining to conformational studies of insulin in the monomeric state; it presents evidence for conformational transitions of the protein hormone induced by concentration and pH. Since insulin is biologically active mainly in the monomeric state, a knowledge of its conformation in this state should be an important tool in deciphering the molecular basis of insulin action. PMID- 7006688 TI - Reactions of 2-thioribothymidine ad 4-thiouridine with hydrogen peroxide in transfer ribonucleic acids from Thermus thermophilus and Escherichia coli as studied by circular dichroism. PMID- 7006691 TI - Binding of regulatory nucleotides to aspartate transcarbamylase: nuclear magnetic resonance studies of selectively enriched carbon-13 regulatory subunit. AB - Specifically enriched [gamma-13C]phenylalanine, -tyrosine, and -histidine have been biosynthetically incorporated into aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. These nonperturbing NMR probes have been used to characterize the interaction of the regulatory sites on the enzyme with nucleotide effectors. The C gamma carbons of the three tyrosines and four histidines per regulatory chain give narrow, well-resolved resonances, and the signals from the five phenylalanines per chain are partially resolved in the presence of bound inhibitor. Spectral changes in regulatory subunit were monitored as a function of concentration of the inhibitor, CTP, and the activator, ATP. Three histidine residues responded to ATP and CTP in an identical manner while two phenylalanine residues were sensitive to CTP but not ATP binding. The tyrosine resonances were not perturbed by effectors. The chemical shift response of the single observable histidine resonance to bound nucleotides in the reconstituted enzyme was identical with that observed for isolated regulatory subunit. This histidine spectrum was undisturbed by the T to R conformational transition of the enzyme. The results suggest that the regulatory subunit experiences minimal rearrangement of tertiary structure on binding effectors and that at least one phenylalanine and one histidine residue are present in the region of the CTP binding site. PMID- 7006690 TI - Active transport in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli: the electrochemical proton gradient alters the distribution of the lac carrier between two different kinetic states. PMID- 7006692 TI - Substrate specificity of two chymotrypsin-like proteases from rat mast cells. Studies with peptide 4-nitroanilides and comparison with cathepsin G. PMID- 7006693 TI - Mechanism of translocation: effect of cognate transfer ribonucleic acids on the binding of AUGUn to 70S ribosomes. AB - We try to mimic the unidirectional sliding-type movement of the PP-tRNA . mRNA complex with respect to the ribosome by looking at the effect of different combinations of cognate tRNAs on the stability of the 70S-AUGUn complex. The association constant for the binary complex 70S-AUGU3 was determined as 6.8 x 10(5) M-1. Addition of tRNAfMet resulted in a 67-fold increase in the association constant, which with both cognate tRNAs is revised to Kassoc = 2.2 x 10(8) M-1. Increasing the chain length of the oligonucleotide from AUGU3 to AUGU13 did not further raise the association constant. The data indicate that the stability of the 70S ribosome . mRNA interaction is governed by the presence of the cognate tRNAs and is topographically restricted to the decoding domains. Since a peptidyl group in the tRNA increases the affinity of AUGU3 for the ribosome by up to 15 fold, we conclude that the affinity of the peptidyl transfer center for the peptidyl moiety pulls the PP-tRNA . mRNA complex from the A (aminoacyl-tRNA) site to the P (peptidyl-tRNA) site. EF-G . GTP or EF-G . GMPPCP 5'-(beta, gamma methylene)triphosphate] displace tRNAfMet from the quaternary complex 70S . AUGUn . tRNAfMet . tRNAPhe (n = 3 and 6) at Mg2+ less than 25 mM. From the amount of EF G . GTP bound to a 70S ribosome, it follows that the elongation factor replaces the deacylated tRNA in a stoichiometric way. These data indicate that the EF-G . GTP-dependent release of the deacylated tRNA from the P site, followed by removal of EF-G . GDP from the 50S subunit, is sufficient to trigger the translocation of the mRNA . PP-tRNA complex. PMID- 7006694 TI - Regulation of muscle differentiation: cloning of sequences from alpha-actin messenger ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7006696 TI - Picosecond fluorescence kinetics and fast energy transfer processes in photosynthetic membranes. PMID- 7006695 TI - [Tetrakis(3-nitrotyrosine)]insulin. PMID- 7006698 TI - Electron flux through the mitochondrial ubiquinone. PMID- 7006699 TI - Genetics and cancer. PMID- 7006697 TI - Chlorophyll organization in green photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Light-harvesting BChl c, d or e is thought to be located inside the rod elements which fill the chlorosome appressed to the inside of tbe cytoplasmic membrane of green photosynthetic bacteria. BChl a is known to be a part of BChl a-protein which forms a crystal-line baseplate between the rod elements in the chlorosome and the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Reaction-center complexes are most probably buried under the baseplate inside the membrane. Energy transfer is from BChl c, d or e in the rod elements to BChl a in the baseplate and then to BChl a in the reaction-center complexes. The rod elements in green sulfur bacteria are thought to be composed of approx. 15-kdalton protein subunits, each associated with 12-14 BChl c, d or e molecules. Six subunits would be required to form a 10 nm ring, and about 35 rings would be necessary to form a 100-nm rod element. The baseplate appears to be a two-dimensional crystal (trigonal space group P31) of BChl a-protein trimers with the 3(1) screw axis tilted 25 degrees out of the plane membrane. The reaction-center complex is thought to be made up of a 100 kdalton carotenoid reaction-center core and five 50-kdalton subunits, each containing seven BChl a molecules. Each reaction-center complex is apparently linked directly to two BChl a-protein trimers in the baseplate. The reaction centers in green sulfur bacteria may be of one type (containing P-840), or of two types (containing P-830 or P-842). In filamentous gliding bacteria the reaction centers appear to contain only P-865. The number of BChl a molecules in these reaction centers is not known, but is assumed to be at least two. PMID- 7006700 TI - Cancer genes in cell hybrids. PMID- 7006703 TI - Human lymphocyte tubulin. Purification and characterization in normal and leukemic cells. AB - Tubulin has been purified from human blood and tonsil lymphocytes. Using gel filtration, the molecular weight of human lymphocyte tubulin was estimated to be 119000. The protein was shown to consist of two subunits, with molecular weights of 61000 and 58000 comparable to the alpha and beta polypeptides of human brain tubulin. A partial identity reaction was observed between lymphocyte tubulin and human tubulin when tested by double immunodiffusion against a rabbit anti-human brain tubulin antibody. In the presence of GTP, the purified protein polymerized to form microtubules. Tubulin was localized to the cell's juxtacentriolar region by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. When assayed by a colchicine binding assay corrected for time decay, the binding affinity was 1.50 +/- 0.86 . 10(6) M-1 and a level in normal lymphocytes of 1.21 . 10(2) +/- 0.79 g/g of soluble protein was determined. Since chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes have an anomalous capping behavior as well as an unusual susceptibility to colchicine toxicity, the properties and levels of tubulin were determined in these cells. Similar values were obtained for the level, decay rate, molecular weight, and Ka for colchicine as for normal lymphocytes. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes tubulin polymerized in a normal fashion. It thus appears that a decrease in the quantity for function of tubulin does not account for these anomalies in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocyte. PMID- 7006701 TI - Hemopoietic stem cell differentiation. PMID- 7006702 TI - Sequence homologies in the N-terminal region of the ribosomal 'A' proteins from Methanobacterium Thermoautotrophicum and Halobacterium cutirubrum. AB - The ribosomal 'A' protein from the methanogen, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, has been isolated and purified. The amino acid composition and mobility on two-dimensional gels indicates that this protein shows characteristics similar to the equivalent protein from the extreme halophile, Halobacterium cutirubrum, and is significantly different from the equivalent protein from other bacteria. The first 48 residues of the methanogenic 'A' protein were sequenced and showed a large amount of sequence homology to the H. cutirubrum 'A' protein. When the sequences of these two proteins were compared to the 'A' protein from other procaryotes (eubacteria), much less homology was evident. These results support the hypothesis (Woese, C.R. and Fox, G.F., (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 5088-5090) of two procaryotic lines of evolutionary descent, the eubacteria and the archaebacteria, the latter including the methanogens and the extreme halophiles. The sequence data from the 'A' proteins also indicate that, phylogenetically, the archaebacteria are much closer to the cytoplasmic components of eucaryotes than they are to the eubacteria (or 'true bacteria'). PMID- 7006705 TI - William Horsley Gantt 1892-1980. PMID- 7006706 TI - Plasma levels and tricyclic antidepressant therapy: Part 2 Pharmacokinetic, clinical and toxicologic aspects. PMID- 7006704 TI - [Methylation of DNA in eukaryotes. I. Methylated sequences and DNA methylases]. PMID- 7006709 TI - Timed sequential chemotherapy of cytoxan-refractory multiple myeloma with cytoxan and adriamycin based on induced tumor proliferation. AB - Malignant plasma cell proliferation and induced humoral stimulatory activity (HSA) occur in vivo at a predictable time following drug administration. Sequential sera from 11 patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing treatment with Cytoxan (CY) 2400 mq/sq m were assayed for their in vitro effects on malignant bone marrow plasma cell tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation. Peak HSA was detected day 9 following CY. Sequential changes in marrow malignant plasma cell 3HTdR-labeling indices (LI) paralleled changes in serum activity, with peak LI occurring at the time of peak HS. An in vitro model of chemotherapy demonstrated that malignant plasma cell proliferation was enhanced by HSA, as determined by 3HTdR incorporation assay, 3HTdR LI, and tumor cells counts, and that stimulated plasma cells were more sensitive to cytotoxic effects of adriamycin (ADR) than were cells cultured in autologous pretreatment serum. Based on these studies, we designed a clinical trial to treat 12 CY-refractory poor risk patients with MM in which ADR (60 mg/sq m) was administered at the time of peak HSA and residual tumor cell LI (day 9) following initial CY, 2400 mg/m (CY1ADR9). Eight of 12 (67%) responded to timed sequential chemotherapy with a greater than 50% decrement in monoclonal protein marker and a median survival projected to be greater than 8 mo duration (range 4-21+ mo). These clinical results using timed sequential CY1ADR9 compare favorably with results obtained using ADR in nonsequential chemotherapeutic regimens. PMID- 7006707 TI - Human T-lymphocyte growth factor: regulation of growth and function of T lymphocytes. AB - The discovery of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) has made it possible to now routinely grow in tissue culture normal and neoplastic human T cells for long periods and in large amounts. TCGF has been recently purified. It is a small protein released by a subset of mature T cells following lectin-antigen activation, which in turn acts upon other T-cell subsets that have developed specific receptors for TCGF after lectin-antigen stimulation. Thus, release of TCGF and development of receptors for it appear to be obligatory for the clonal expansion of all activated T cells. Unlike normal T cells, neoplastic T cells respond directly to TCGF, requiring no prior in vitro lectin-antigen activation. This has led to the development of several new cell lines from patients with T cell leukemias and lymphomas. In some cases, these cells become independent of exogenous TCGF by producing their own growth factor, implying a role for TCGF in the continuous proliferation of these cells. These developments necessitate a reevaluation of some concepts of immunoregulation of T-cell activities in terms of production and response to TCGF. In addition, this information has clinical implications. Recent results have shown that a major defect of the athymic nude mouse is the inability to produce TCGF and that some immunosuppressive agents, such as glucocorticosteroids and cyclosporin-A, exert their effects on T cells by disrupting the TCGF-T-cell interaction. Some human immune deficiencies might be due to a failure to respond to or to produce TCGF, which in some cases might be corrected by exogenous TCGF. PMID- 7006708 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for refractory acute leukemia in 34 patients with identical twins. AB - Thirty-four patients aged 4-67 yr (median 17) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (18 patients) or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANL) (16 patients) who failed to enter complete remission (CR) or relapsed on conventional chemotherapy were treated with cyclophosphamide (CY), 60 mg/kg/day for 2 days, 1000 rad total body irradiation, and a marrow transplant from a genotypically identical normal twin. Sixteen of the patients received additional chemotherapy within the week before CY. After the transplant, 23 patients received immunotherapy consisting of killed autologous leukemic cells and/or normal twin peripheral blood lymphocytes, 16 as part of a prospectively randomized study. One moribund patient died before engraftment. Nine patients (6 ALL, 3 ANL) continued to have detectable leukemic cells. Twenty-four patients (70%) achieved CR. One of them died of viral hepatitis at 1 mo and another of viral interstitial pneumonitis at 4 mo in CR. Fourteen patients (7 ALL, 7 ANL) relapsed 2-16 mo (median 4) after transplantation. However, 8 patients (24%) (3 ALL, 5 ANL) remain in CR without any maintenance chemotherapy at 29-103 mo (median 80) after the transplant. The end results were not signficantly influenced by the type of leukemia, the immediated pre-CY chemotherapy, or the immunotherapy. The results show that this approach, even when applied to endstage patients with acute leukemia in relapse, causes tolerable morbidity, rare nonleukemic deaths, and frequent remissions, some of which represent cures. PMID- 7006710 TI - Fetal liver cells produce both fetal and adult erythrocytes in semiallogeneic radiation chimeras: possible influence of adult environment. AB - Two kinds of erythrocytes are released in the blood of irradiated adult hybrid mice grafted with parental fetal liver cells: fetal antigen-bearing erythrocytes (Ft+ cells) and adult-type Ft- erythrocytes. Both are of parental origin, as determined by immune lysis using histocompatibility alloantigens. The latter cells make up all the recipient's red blood cells 2 mo after receipt of the graft, Ft+ cells then being no longer detected. The transient duality of erythropoiesis in irradiated adults grafted with fetal liver cells has been confirmed by studying the kinetics of CFU-E populations, as characterized by their ability to give rise to Ft+ or Ft- erythrocytes. The results are discussed in terms of environmental factors that influenc erythroid differentiation. PMID- 7006711 TI - [Behavior of pulmonary parenchyma and the bronchi after subcutaneous graft in the rat]. AB - Subcutaneous isografts of small bronchi and pulmonary tissue were carried out, on rats. - 4 1/2 days after implantation, the bronchial epithelium was dedifferentiated, with mitoses. Smooth muscle disappeared. Pulmonary parenchyma was elastic. Such a state persisted until the 7th day. - 10 days after grafting, some bronchial cells had recovered short cilia. - After 2 weeks, the bronchial epithelium was perfectly redifferentiated: it showed goblet cells intermixed with columnar ciliated cells. Smooth muscle was not apparent. Some islets of elastic alveoli remained. - A similar state persisted for a further 8 weeks after transplantation, but the bronchial lumen appeared as a distended retention cyst with slightly flattened epithelium. PMID- 7006712 TI - [Membership list: Association des Anatomistes]. PMID- 7006714 TI - [Germ cells of the bird embryo: early localization, migration and colonization of gonadal anlagen]. AB - Several experimental and morphological papers are analyzed concerning germ cell origin, migration and proliferation within sexually undifferentiated gonads. The germ material which is first localized in both anterior and posterior halves of the unincubated blastoderm assembles in the anterior area only at the beginning of incubation. In gonads the germinal population does not depend on the initial quantity of germ cells in the early blastoderm: its value seems to be determined by the somatic cells of the gonadal stroma. During the migratory phase, it is suggested that regulated interactions occur between the glycoconjugates of the moving germ cells and the physico-chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrices acting as substrates for the movement. PMID- 7006713 TI - [The development of developmental biology]. PMID- 7006715 TI - Methylmercury/copper effects on hemosiderin: possible mechanism of immune suppression in fish. PMID- 7006716 TI - Determination and metabolism of ethylene dibromide in minipigs. PMID- 7006717 TI - [Academic eulogy for Professor M. Millet, titulary member and former president]. PMID- 7006718 TI - The use of solid-phase radioimmunoassay techniques for serodiagnosis of human plague infection. PMID- 7006719 TI - Breeding of Aotus monkeys for human malaria research. PMID- 7006720 TI - Schistosomiasis and its intermediate hosts in the Lesser Antillean islands of the Caribbean. PMID- 7006721 TI - The use of prostacyclin in preventing occlusion of microvascular anastomoses by platelet thrombus: an experimental study in rats. AB - A pilot study was carried out to assess the value of Prostacyclin in presenting the occlusion of microvascular anastomoses by platelet thrombus using the femoral vein of the rat as the experimental model. This study showed a much higher patency rate in those anastomoses bathed in a solution of Prostacyclin compared with the control group. The difference was statistically significant. The use of Prostacyclin to prevent platelet thrombus occlusion in man requires investigation but may be limited by the short half-life of the solution. PMID- 7006722 TI - The use of prostaglandins as local antithrombotic agents in microvascular surgery. AB - The effectiveness of Prostaglandin E2 and Prostacyclin as a local antithrombotic agent in microvascular anastomoses was tested experimentally in a controlled double-blind trial in rats. Prostaglandin E2 was found to be ineffective whereas Prostacyclin was found to be very effective. PMID- 7006723 TI - Posterior-wall-first microvascular anastomotic technique. AB - A posterior-wall-first anastomotic technique has significant advantages over the traditional method of microvascular anastomosis. Since July, 1979, the posterior wall-first anastomosis has been used in 17 consecutive replantations involving 31 fingers or parts with a success rate of 97%. In addition 20 composite tissue transplants were carried out using the same technique with a success rate of 95%. The technique is described in detail and the advantages clearly stated. PMID- 7006724 TI - The microvascular anastomotic autogenous cuff. AB - A carefully controlled experimental study of the haemostasis time and the patency rates in microvascular anastomoses of the rat femoral artery shows very high patency rates in 0.8-1 mm vessels with only four sutures and with the use of anastomotic autogenous cuffs to provide immediate haemostasis. The "posterior wall-first" technique of anastomosis was performed in all cases. Not only are fewer sutures required: vascular trauma is reduced, less foreign material is introduced at the site of anastomosis and the time to complete the anastomosis is reduced. The results of this study have obvious clinical applications. PMID- 7006725 TI - A new adhesive technique for microvascular anastomoses: a preliminary report. AB - A new technique is presented for the anastomosis of microvessels, using only a tissue adhesive (Fibrinkleber, Human-Immuno, produced by Immuno A. G. Vienna) without sutures. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated experimentally on the femoral artery and vein in rats. PMID- 7006726 TI - Wound healing using amniotic membranes. PMID- 7006727 TI - Sleep, activity, nutrition and mood. AB - For the past fifteen years we have been studying aspects of relationships between sleep, activity, nutrition and mood. This paper comprises a brief statement of some of this research and our views to date. PMID- 7006728 TI - Anticipatory grief: a psychosocial concept reconsidered. AB - Formerly anticipatory grief was viewed as a potential coping mechanism for a prospective loss. More recently it has been studied in preventive psychiatry as a determinant of the severity of post-mortem grief. The authors in a critical analysis of methodological and theoretical inconsistencies recommend a reconsideration of the concept within a psychosocial context. PMID- 7006729 TI - Positron-emitting radionuclides in the study of metabolic and physiopathologic mechanisms. Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture, April, 1980. PMID- 7006730 TI - The urodynamic and subjective results of treatment of detrusor instability with oxybutynin chloride. AB - The results of a double-blind controlled trial using oxybutynin chloride in 30 patients are described. Twenty-three patients completed the study; 17 of these had symptomatic improvement and 9 patients had urodynamic improvement. Seventeen patients had significant side effects. PMID- 7006731 TI - Renal transplantation--15 years' experience. AB - In Australia, it has been logistically possible, with integrated programmes of dialysis and transplantation, to use finite resources optimally for the treatment of patients presenting with terminal renal failure (30 per million population per year). Transplantation is offered as definitive treatment in most instances. Transplantation rates (20 per million per year) will need to increase to meet the continuing demand, if the results of transplantation remain unchanged. Patient survival after transplantation is approximately 80 per cent at year, 50 per cent at 5 years and 20 per cent at 15 years. Most grafts are from cadavers. Graft survival of 60 per cent at 1 year thereafter declines steadily with a 3 per cent graft loss per year. Patient and graft survival are adversely affected by increasing age, and the use of cadaver rather than living donors. Graft survival is superior with a 4 antigen match on HLA A and B matching, and is significantly lower in patients receiving no blood transfusions prior to transplantation. Long term morbidity is significant in two-thirds of patients receiving grafts. Problems include chronic rejection and toxic effects of immunosuppression. The increased tumour risk after transplantation (which in Australia has been mostly skin tumours) is of major concern; 30 per cent of patients by 10 years have developed cancer. PMID- 7006732 TI - Alanine metabolism in patients with chronic infection. AB - Alanine matabolism was studied in surgical patients with chronic infection and non-infected control subjects by means of an intravenous infusion of alanine. Septic patients had low basal blood concentrations of alanine compared with control subjects but alanine half-life was similar in both groups. This suggests that low basal alanine concentration in the septic patients was due to decreased release from muscle rather than increased hepatic uptake. Alanine infusion in septic patients caused a fall in the blood concentration of ketone bodies which was initially raised. Similar increases in blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate an insulin occurred in both septic and control patients after alanine infusion. Hyperketonaemia may limit muscle breakdown and alanine release in patients with chronic infection. PMID- 7006734 TI - Rat neural antigen-2 (RAN-2): a cell surface antigen on astrocytes, ependymal cells, Muller cells and lepto-meninges defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - We have immunized mice with enriched populations of cultured rat astrocytes and fused their spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cells to generate antibody-secreting hybridomas. We have isolated two stable hybridoma clones which secrete monoclonal IgG2 antibodies that react with the surface of the great majority of rat astrocytes in culture. We have studied one of these antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays and show that it binds to the surface of rat ependymal cells, retinal Muller cells and leptomeningeal cells as well as to astrocytes, but not to cultured neurones, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia or various non-neural cells. The antigen defined by this monoclonal antibody is protease-sensitive and rat-specific and we have called it rat neural antigen-2 (Ran-2). We also show that isolated rat ependymal cells and cultured rat Muller cells do not express other neural cell-type-specific markers, such as tetanus toxin receptors, rat neural antigen-1 (Ran-1), galactocerebroside or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Nor do these cells express cell surface Fc receptors for IgG, phagocytose latex beads or make detectable amounts of the Thy 1 or fibronectin glycoproteins. PMID- 7006733 TI - The wound fibroblast and macrophage. II: Their origin studied in a human after bone marrow transplantation. AB - The origin of the wound fibroblast and macrophage was studied in a patient following bone marrow transplantation, using sex chromosome markers. Fibroblast like cells emigrating from explants of a 5-day-old skin wound had the host karyotype, whereas macrophages had donor markers. These results suggest that the wound fibroblast in man is of local tissue origin, whereas wound macrophages are derived from haemopoietic tissue. PMID- 7006735 TI - Localization of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus and ciliary epithelium: implications for the separation of central and peripheral catechols. AB - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was localized in cells of the pia-arachnoid, and in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The specific activity of COMT derived from these tissues was determined by radioenzymatic assay, and in the case of the choroid plexus was found to be 9-fold greater than that measured in whole rat brain. The level of COMT specific activity in pia-arachnoid was twice as high as that in whole brain. Indirect immunofluorescence studies also revealed an intensity of COMT immunofluorescence in the ciliary epithelium at the blood-aqueous barrier in the rat eye, similar to that visualized in the epithelium of the choroid plexus at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The localization of COMT in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and ciliary epithelium is consistent with a role for this enzyme in the separation of catechol compounds synthesized in the central nervous system, from those of peripheral origin. Thus, catecholamines derived from the peripheral sympathetic system may be prevented from entering the brain parenchyma, which is innervated by the functionally distinct central catecholaminergic systems. PMID- 7006736 TI - [Natural history of chronic bronchitis through longitudinal epidemiological surveys]. PMID- 7006738 TI - [Traditional medicine. A medicine of necessity in rural communities of North Africa]. PMID- 7006741 TI - [Prevention of type A viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7006739 TI - [Laxative disease]. PMID- 7006740 TI - [Traffic accidents involving children in the city of Marseille. Transportation, admission, first aid. Evaluation and perspective]. PMID- 7006737 TI - [5-year survival of patients operated on for bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7006743 TI - [Rift Valley fever]. PMID- 7006742 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis complicating cirrhosis. A review of sources]. PMID- 7006745 TI - [Technology and implications for the use of electric bistoury in prosthetics]. PMID- 7006744 TI - [Dysraphia of the anterior neuropore--clinical aspects]. PMID- 7006746 TI - [Biological aspects of cervical margins in fixed prosthetics]. PMID- 7006747 TI - [A cervical margins atlas]. PMID- 7006749 TI - Removable prosthodontic services by B.C. dentists. PMID- 7006750 TI - Attitudes of dentists in British Columbia to dental technicians, dental mechanics and removable prosthodontics. PMID- 7006751 TI - Compound mandibular fracture treatment (without intermaxillary fixation). PMID- 7006748 TI - [Prosthetic crown anatomy in relation to the periodontium]. PMID- 7006752 TI - Soft tissue injuries. PMID- 7006753 TI - Hepatotrophic effects of insulin on glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides in hepatocytes isolated from fed adult rats. AB - In vivo observations have suggested that there is an hepatotrophic effect of insulin. By contrast, subsequent in vitro work, using the isolated perfused liver system, showed no effect or indeterminate effects of insulin on the transport of glucose into the hepatocyte. However because this system may not have endured long enough to show such an influence we explored the transport of glucose using a 48-h suspension culture of hepatocytes isolated from young adult fed rats, the suspension being infused continuously with insulin at a rate approximating the maximum entering portal blood in the fed state. (In a separate study phloridzin was added after 2 h of incubation.) DNA, intracellular glucose and its inward transport, glycogen, and the adenine nucleotides were measured at intervals. By comparison with control or untreated cells, insulin-treated cells showed significantly more DNA and intracellular glucose, and the differences were abolished by phloridzin. Glucose transport rates fell to low values in untreated controls and still lower with insulin plus phloridzin, but the initial rate was maintained to the end (48 h) by insulin alone. Results for glycogen were similar to those for intracellular glucose. There was a close correlation (r = 0.96) between these two. The total adenine nucleotide pool and the concentration of ATP were maintained for about 24 h and fell to half their initial values by 48 h. Insulin had increased these concentrations significantly by 6 h. Although concentrations of ADP and AMP decreased gradually in all groups of cells, insulin enhanced the level of ADP by 12 h but had no measurable effect on that of AMP. The energy charge increased slightly throughout incubation but more so (by 6 h) in the presence of insulin. In conclusion the data support the concept that in the longer term (greater than 12 h) insulin in the portal circulation maintains the characteristic free permeability of the hepatocyte to glucose and this permits a variety of effects related to glucose entry into the hepatocyte. PMID- 7006754 TI - Resolution of the phosphoenolpyruvate: fructose phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli into two components: enzyme IIfructose and fructose-induced HPr like protein (FPr). AB - A protein that substitutes for histidine-containing protein (HPr) in the phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose phosphotransferase system has been found in Escherichia coli grown on fructose. The impure preparation of the fructose induced HPr-like protein (FPr) appears to be an extrinsic membrane protein which differs from HPr on the basis of its apparent molecular weight (45 000 vs. 9600, respectively), its affinity for DEAE-cellulose and its ability to promote sugar phosphorylation which is specific for fructose, rather than for glucose. PMID- 7006755 TI - Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between lipids: influence on organization and function of lipids in membranes. AB - Biological membranes have unique lipid compositions suggesting a specific role for many lipids. Evidence is reviewed concerning the intermolecular forces between glycero- and sphingolipids and cholesterol, the dependence of many of these interactions on the state of ionization of lipids, pH, ionic strength, and divalent cation concentration. The effect of intermolecular interactions between certain lipids on lipid clustering, interaction with cholesterol, on the conformation of proteins, and on transitions to the hexagonal phase is considered. Other forces which cause lipids phase separation or clustering are discussed. It is concluded that lipids are in dynamic equilibrium with their environment and can act as receptors for certain intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, which they can translate into a response by undergoing changes in fluidity, phase transitions, or phase separation. PMID- 7006756 TI - Amplification of the put genes and identification of the put gene products in Escherichia coli K12. AB - The utilization of L-proline as carbon or nitrogen source for the growth of Escherichia coli K12 requires the activities of an L-proline porter (PP-I) and a bifunctional L-proline dehydrogenase-delta1-pyrroline carboxylate dehydrogenase. PP-I is inactivated by mutations at putP and the bifunctional dehydrogenase is encoded in the adjacent locus, putA, at 22 min on the chromosome map. Two additional loci, proP (at 92 min) and proT (at 82 min), have also been implicated in L-proline transport. We have studied four ColE1/E. coli K12 hybrid plasmids from the plasmid bank prepared by Clarke and Carbon. Each of these plasmids was shown previously to complement an L-proline transport defect in E. coli. Genetic complementation analysis and biochemical assays of L-proline transport and L proline dehydrogenase activity show that three of these hybrid plasmids bear the putPA region of the E. coli chromosome (plasmids pLC4-45, pLC10-29, and pLC43 41). The fourth plasmid, pLC35-38, specifically enhances the L-proline transport activity of its host bacteria but not their L-proline dehydrogenase activity. It probably encodes putP. We have used these plasmids in an E. coli minicell system to identify the putA and putP gene products. PMID- 7006757 TI - Citrate transport in Salmonella typhimurium: studies with 2-fluoro-L-erythro citrate as a substrate. AB - The citrate analogue, 2-fluoro-L-erythro-[3,4,5,6-(14)C]citrate was synthesized as a probe for the citrate transport system of Salmonella typhimurium. This analogue was actively transported by an inducible energy-dependent transport system with high affinity for fluorocitrate (Km = 3.3 microM), and this transport system was inhibited competitively by citrate and isocitrate. Fluorocitrate was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the citrate-binding protein (C protein) of this organism (Ki = 4-5 microM). Analogue resistant mutants were simultaneously defective in fluorocitrate transport as well as the C protein and the affected allele, tctC, was located at 59 units on the S. typhimurium chromosome map. These tctC mutants were shown to be specifically defective in K+-dependent fluorocitrate transport but still retained another system capable of transporting fluorocitrate in the presence of both Na+ and K+. PMID- 7006759 TI - Glucagon from the bovine fetal pancreas: chromatographic and electrophoretic characterizations of high molecular weight immunoreactive species. AB - Fetal bovine pancreas was extracted for glucagon using (A) ethanol-Hcl after trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment of the pancreas, (B) ethanol-HCl and (C) urea-acetic acid. Fractionation of the acetic acid soluble proteins vi Sephadex G 50 columns yielded glucagon immunoreactivity in the void volume, high molecular weight glucagon immunoreactivities (HMW-IRGs), "proglucagon" (approximately equal to 9 K delta), and true glucagon (3.5 K delta) regions. HMW-IRGs were obtainable using all three methods of extraction. The material obtained from the ethanol-HCl TCA method appeared stable on Sephadex G-100 (1 M acetic acid) rechromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed immunoreactive species corresponding to approximately 40 K delta and approximately 12 K delta. HMW-IRGs did not bind to concanavalin A (Con A) agarose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the Con A-agarose filtered IRG again showed a major immunoreactive peak of approximately 40 K delta. Dose response RIA studies indicated that the HMW-IRGs from both the gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel experiments were immunochemically indistinguishable from glucagon. HMW-IRGs bind to antiglucagon antibody agarose, further indicating their reactivity towards glucagon antibodies. When HMW-IRGs are incubated with guanidinium hydrochloride and gel filtered in the same system, a significant fraction of HMW-IRG (representing up to 25% of the total IRG analysed) was found to resist disruption. Our data support the contention that a significant portion of the HMW-IRGs (molecular weight greater than 20 K delta) extracted from fetal bovine pancreas are composed of glucagon covalently linked to larger protein unit(s). PMID- 7006758 TI - The formation of phosphatidylethanolamine from diglyceride by extracts of Escherichia coli. AB - Extensively dialyzed cell-free homogenates or washed particulate fractions, of Escherichia coli in the presence of added CTP, Mg2+, serine, and rac-glycerol 3 phosphate, incorporated [32P]phosphatidic acid into phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin but not into phosphatidylethanolamine. [14C]Phosphatidic acid could be incorporated by these preparations into phosphatidylethanolamine in the absence of added CTP and Mg2+. CDP-diglyceride did not significantly affect the formation of [14C]phosphatidylethanolamine from [14C]phosphatidic acid. 14C labeled diglyceride was also readily incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine in the absence of added cofactors by both homogenate and particulate fraction. Serine stimulated the incorporation somewhat whereas CTP + Mg2+ diminished this conversion slightly because of concurrent [14C]phosphatidic acid and [14C]phosphatidylglycerol formation. CDP-diglyceride did not significantly affect the conversion of 14C-labeled diglyceride to phosphatidylethanolamine. Dialyzed 14C-labeled cytosol fractions of E. coli, obtained from cells grown in medium containing [14C]serine, transferred some of their label to phosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of fresh particulate fraction. This transfer was stimulated by added diglyceride. The results indicate that phosphatidylethanolamine can be synthesized from exogenous diglyceride by a pathway which does not require CDP-diglyceride as an intermediate but which likely makes use of an endogenous cofactor supplying phosphorylethanolamine and (or) phosphorylserine. PMID- 7006760 TI - Peroxidase biosynthesis as part of protein synthesis by cultured peanut cells. AB - Membrane-bound and free ribosomes from cultured peanut cells were separated by differential centrifugation. The former ribosomes were liberated from the 27000 X g pellet with 1% Triton X100. Purification of both polysome populations was obtained by passage through a 1.5 M sucrose cushion. Both populations have a high rate of protein synthesis in vitro in the presence of a wheat germ S30 fraction. Comparisons of protein synthesis in vitro with that in vivo, and also with labelled proteins released by these cells into the medium did not provide significant information regarding peroxidase biosynthesis. However, immunoprecipitation of the products formed in vitro with antibodies raised against a purified cationic peroxidase fraction, resulted in isolating one major radioactive product. The higher molecular weight of this isolated product compared with the molecular weight of the purified peroxidase fraction suggests the occurrence of a single peptide for peroxidase commensurate with its being a secreted protein. PMID- 7006761 TI - N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate and adriamycin induced DNA damage in the RPMI-6410 human lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - The adriamycin- and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD-32) induced DNA cross-linking and breakage in human RPMI-6410 cells was compared using the alkaline elution technique of Kohn and co-workers. At comparable growth inhibitory concentrations both adriamycin and AD-32 caused DNA cross-linking. Treatment with proteinase-K showed this cross-linking to be mainly DNA-protein in character. Proteinase-K treatment also revealed that both drugs caused either single-strand DNA breaks or increased alkaline sensitivity. With adriamycin the degree of cross-linking and breakage was dose related over the range studied (0.05 - 0.4 micron/mL), whereas with AD-32 there appeared to be a saturation of both effects at concentrations in excess of 3 micron/mL. With both drugs the extent of cross-linking and breakage was maximal at the end of the drug exposure. This work suggests that AD-32 or some metabolite of its binds to DNA and this binding leads to DNA damage that is similar to that caused by adriamycin. These AD-32 results are somewhat surprising in light of earlier model studies showing that AD-32 does not bind to isolated DNA. PMID- 7006762 TI - Direct effects of estrogens on the endocrine function of the mammalian testis. AB - This article reviews literature relevant to the view that estradiol (E2) synthesized in the testis acts locally to modify testosterone secretion. Despite a lack of convincing evidence from in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments with intact and hypophysectomized animals have demonstrated that estrogens can inhibit testosterone secretion by acting directly on the testis. Reduced testosterone production in estrogen-treated animals probably results from reduced 17 alpha hydroxylase and (or) C17-C20 lyase activity. Estrogen-inhibited steroidogenesis may result from estrogen binding to high affinity--low capacity estrogen receptors. Besides being an estrogen target tissue, the testis produces E2; the cellular site of testicular E2 synthesis remains controversial. Recent studies indicate that E2 is synthesized primarily in the Sertoli cells of neonatal rats and in the Leydig cells of older rats. Follicle-stimulating hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increase testicular aromatase activity and E2 concentrations in neonatal and older rats, respectively. An increase in testicular E2 concentrations, following hCG administration, may be one mechanism by which testosterone synthesis becomes desensitized to subsequent hCG stimulation. However, whether gonadotropin-stimulated testicular E2 synthesis is part of a physiologically relevant "short" feedback loop that participates in the regulation of testosterone synthesis remains to be determined. PMID- 7006764 TI - Factors affecting the production of hydrogenase by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. AB - An examination of conditions for the growth of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, with the aim of optimizing hydrogenase production, is reported. An ammonium sulfate lactate-yeast extract medium gave 5 to 10 times as much hydrogenase activity as a peptone-yeast extract medium. It made little if any difference whether the gas used for sparging was nitrogen, hydrogen, or a mixture thereof but increasing the rate of sparging and agitation did result in a slight decrease in activity. Control of pH during culture development was of little benefit to hydrogenase production. At least two hydrogenases were present in D. desulfuricans: one periplasmic, the other membrane bound. PMID- 7006765 TI - Purification and properties of the periplasmic hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. AB - The periplasmic hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was isolated and purified. Cells were washed with Tris-EDTA and the enzyme precipitated from the wash with ammonium sulfate. Absorption chromatography on DEAE and hydroxyapatite yielded the enzyme at better than 95% purity as judged by gel electrophoresis. The hydrogenase catalyzed the production of more than 9000 mumol H2/min mg protein(-1) from reduced methyl viologen at 37 degrees C. It is very stable and resists inactivation by heat (50% activity remained after 5 min in air at 65 degrees C) and by enzyme inhibitors (except N-ethylmaleimide and potassium ferricyanide). After storage in air at 4 degrees C for 1 month no activity was lost. The enzyme activity is sensitive to ionic environmental changes. With methyl viologen the optimum pH was 5.5 but with p-xylene polymeric viologen the optimum was about pH 7 but less sharp. The molecular weight was 47 X 10(3)(+/- 2 X 10(3), 52 X 10(3)(+/- X 10(3), and 56 X 19(3)(+/- 2 X 10(3) by SDS-gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and sedimentation equilibrium, respectively, and the isoelectric point was at pH 6.0. They enzyme might be useful in the production of hydrogen from water and solar energy. PMID- 7006766 TI - Pedigreed stocks of Mycobacterium lepraemurium for cultivation and metabolic studies. AB - Experience has shown that a prime requirement for investigations with Mycobacterium lepraemurium is pedigreed stocks of cells which provide constant baselines over a long period of time. Biochemical indicator, ATP, was employed to devise a method for preservation of metabolic pools of M. lepraemurium during storage. ATP assays were made by the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescent method. Several cryoprotective agents were compared at -76 and 4 degrees C. The essential steps have been found to be (i) for prolonged storage and constant supply of material, to freeze the intracellular bacteria within infected cells containing 28% proteins, i.e., to freeze the infected tissue; and (ii) when a large number of diverse experiments are to be undertaken on a single suspension, to stabilize working stocks of refrigerated cells for 12-16 weeks by using bovine serum albumin, fraction V, and Difco yeast supplement B to compensate for the leaching of intracellular cofactors, metabolites, nucleotides, etc. PMID- 7006767 TI - Resistance to trimethoprim and other antibiotics in shigellae isolated in the province of Ontario. AB - Antimicrobial susceptibility determinations for three commonly used and seven seldom used antibacterial drugs against 482 strains of shigellae isolated in Ontario during 1977 and 1978 were carried out. Resistance to the first-line treatment drugs, ampicillin and tetracycline, occurred in 20.5 and 39.2% of strains, respectively. The emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was noted for the first time in 3.2% of the strains in 1978. All strains retained their susceptibility to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and polymyxin but were variably susceptible to chloramphenicol, cephalexin, and rifampin. PMID- 7006768 TI - Influence of S-adenosylmethionine on DAPI-induced fluorescence of polyphosphate in the yeast vacuole. AB - Use of the fluorochrome 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.2 HCl (DAPI) in ultraviolet microscopy revealed fluorescent objects in Brownian motion within the vacuoles of seven species of yeast. The abundance of these bodies increased when cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were transferred from growth medium to a glucose phosphate solution, indicating that they contain polyphosphate. In addition, the effect on vacuolar fluorescence of supplementing a defined growth medium with amino acids provided evidence that they also contained S-adenosylmethionine. These deductions were supported by in vitro studies of the interaction and fluorescence of polyphosphate, S-adenosylmethionine, and DAPI. Vacuolar fluorescence of cells in suspension in flucose-phosphate solution was less after addition of exogenous arginine, lysine, or glutamine but not after addition of alanine, aspartic acid, or methionine. Mithramycin was superior to DAPI as a fluorochrome for ultraviolet demonstration of yeast nuclei since it stained the nuclei much more intensely and did not fluoresce with other material in the cells. PMID- 7006763 TI - Sulfur isotope fractionation by Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella heidelberg during the reduction of thiosulfate. AB - Proteus vulgaris metabolized thiosulfate to H2S. The amount evolved and its sulfur isotope composition identified it solely with sulfane sulfur. In contrast, Salmonella heidelberg sequentially reduced the sulfane sulfur of S2O3(-2) with slight enrichment of the evolved sulfide in 32S and then reduced the sulfonate sulfur of S2O3(-2) with large isotopic selectivities and an inverse isotopic fractionation pattern. The inverse isotope fractionation pattern for the H2S derived from the sulfonate sulfur was almost identical to that observed during the reduction of high concentrations of sulfite by S. heidelberg. PMID- 7006769 TI - Microbiological water and effluent sample preservation. AB - A study, using four types of water samples ranging from relatively pure stream water to water containing industrial and domestic effluents, was carried out to investigate the effect of storage temperature on four bacterial parameters: total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and heterotrophic bacteria. In the study, each water sample was cooled immediately after collection to approximately 1.5 degrees C by storage in crushed ice. At 2-, 24-, 30-, and 48-h intervals, the sample was mixed, and a subsample was removed and tested. Three separate analyses for each parameter were made on each subsample. The data available for statistical analyses contained, in some cases, the values obtained for the three subsamples and, in others, the means of the three values. The data were analysed as replicated data and as part of the entire set. The analysed data indicated (i) that with the exception of heterotrophic populations, more than 75% of the samples were microbiologically stable for at least 24 h, (ii) that at least 50% of samples tested for heterotrophic densities were stable for a minimum period of 24 h, (iii) that the original water temperature and bacterial load do not appear to be consistent factors in the preservation of samples for microbiological analysis, and (iv) that nutrient levels, also, do not seem to be consistent factors in the preservation of water samples for microbiological analyses. PMID- 7006770 TI - Chemical and enzymatic changes in the cell walls of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were examined by scanning scanning electron microscopy before and after extraction of the mannans of the cell wall. The surfaces of control cells were smooth; after mannan extraction they were rough and showed erosions which were particularly striking within the area of the scars. Helicase digested irregular holes through the cell wall within 20 min; these increased in size during an additional 40 min of digestion. These holes were not localized in or on the bud scars, which remained intact even after the long digestion period. The results were used to construct a model for yeast cell wall structure. PMID- 7006771 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of Clostridium botulinum types A and B hemagglutinins. AB - The serologically related hemagglutinins of Clostridium botulinum types A and B were resolved into several bands in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Reduction of the samples with mercaptoethanol partly changed the band patterns, but with each hemaglutinin the two fastest moving bands in the reduced and unreduced samples were the same. In type A these two smallest units were of molecular weight 14 500 and 19 500; in type B they were of molecular weight 14 500 and 20 000. The experimentally determined molecular weight of the other resolved units agreed with those calculated on the basis that they were aggregations of the two smallest units in varying but whole multiples. PMID- 7006772 TI - Studies into the mechanism of reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure by hepatocyte transplantation. 1. AB - The authors reported previously that single cell suspensions of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocytes can significantly improve survival in a rat model of acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine. This report explores the mechanism by which hepatocyte transplantation reverses the toxin-induced hepatic necrosis. Radioautographic studies indicated that intraperitoneally administered hepatocytes labelled with tritiated thymidine did not repopulate the injured recipient liver. Hepatocytes irradiated with 10 000 rad (i.e., the cells were nonreplicating) also resulted in a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in animal survival when given to rats treated with D-galactosamine. Experiments with subcellular fractions of hepatocytes demonstrated that an intact cell was not required and that a heat stable "factor" (or factors) present in the cytosol fraction, which is not insulin or glucagon, is responsible for the increase in survival observed. This factor appears to increase the rate of endogenous regeneration of the injured recipient liver. PMID- 7006773 TI - Evidence for the presence of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in granuloma tissue: a fluorescence microscopy study. PMID- 7006775 TI - The Canadian Paediatric Society: its early years. AB - The Canadian Paediatric Society has continued since its origin to be a consultative organization and has been recognized as the official voice for children in matters relating to health. It has appointed a number of special committees to study and recommend policy and action to the profession, government and other health bodies as new developments in child health have become important in Canada. The dedicated involvement of so many fellows of the society makes it apparent that in its nearly 60 years of existence it has lived up to the objectives of its founders. PMID- 7006774 TI - Neonatal jaundice: the surgical viewpoint. AB - There is good evidence that neonatal hepatitis, biliary hypoplasia, biliary atresia and choledochal cyst are different stages of one disease process for which the term infantile obstructive cholangiopathy has been suggested. Thanks to the work of Kasai and the operation of hepatic portoenterostomy the surgical outlook has greatly improved, although in North America it still leaves much to be desired. One cannot procrastinate too long in the hope that the patient's condition will improve spontaneously, because the surgical results are much better when the operation is performed before the patient is 10 weeks old. This article outlines the steps that should be followed in investigating neonatal jaundice, the nonsurgical measures that can be taken in an attempt to reverse or alleviate the underlying condition, and the specific role of the pediatric surgeon in the management of choledochal cyst and biliary atresia. PMID- 7006776 TI - Osler Oration. Medicine in the 80s--can we afford it? PMID- 7006777 TI - Seven decades of service at the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg. PMID- 7006778 TI - The hydrotherapy and infamy of Dr. James Gully. PMID- 7006779 TI - Bleeding varices: 1. Emergency management. AB - The aim of the emergency management of bleeding varices is to stop the hemorrhage nonoperatively if possible, avoiding emergency shunt surgery, an operation that has a higher mortality than elective shunt surgery. Patients with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should undergo endoscopy immediately to verify the diagnosis of bleeding varices. They can then be categorized according to whether they stop bleeding spontaneously (group 1), continue to bleed slowly (group 2) or continue to bleed rapidly (group 3). Group 1 patients are discussed in the second part of this two-part series. Group 2 patients are initially treated with vasopressin given intravenously; those who fail to respond should undergo emergency angiography and receive vasopressin intra-arterially. If this fails, patients at low surgical risk should undergo urgent shunt surgery; those at high risk do better with endoscopic sclerotherapy. Group 3 patients are also given an intravenous infusion of vasopressin. Patients at low surgical risk who continue to bleed then receive tamponade with a Sengstaken--Blakemore tube. If this fails, they undergo emergency creation of an H-shaped mesocaval shunt. Patients at high surgical risk who fail to respond to vasopressin given intravenously are next treated intra-arterially. If this fails they are given either endoscopic or transhepatic sclerotherapy. PMID- 7006782 TI - Developing ways of reducing allograft immunogenicity. PMID- 7006786 TI - Captopril treatment of refractory hypertension in children. PMID- 7006785 TI - Dr. James Tytler: author, balloonist, encyclopedist. PMID- 7006783 TI - Regional program for the study of glomerulonephritis. Central Committee of the Toronto Glomerulonephritis Registry. AB - The Toronto Glomerulonephritis Registry, a regional program for studying the natural history of the different types of glomerulonephritis and the effects of drug therapy on them, was established 6 years ago in Toronto. Data for all patients with histologic evidence of glomerulonephritis seen at the 16 participating hospitals are collected on standard forms and stored in a computer. Randomized controlled trials of different types of therapy for five types of glomerulonephritis have been started under the coordination of the central registry. In view of the registry's low cost and high potential benefit, greater support for such projects is needed. Other centres should consider establishing similar registries to promote more rapid collection of cases and thus allow better evaluation of the development and treatment of this major cause of renal failure. PMID- 7006788 TI - Diagnostic imaging: developing new roles. PMID- 7006780 TI - Bleeding varices: 2. Elective management. AB - Patients who have previously bled from esophageal varices should have their hepatic function, neurologic status and nutritional status evaluated and should be examined for ascites before elective variceal decompression is done to prevent recurrent variceal hemorrhage. The two most important procedures used for this evaluation are liver biopsy and visceral angiography. If the liver biopsy reveals little or no necroinflammatory activity, shunt surgery is indicated. For patients with moderate or severe necroinflammatory activity, surgery is delayed until the inflammation subsides. The central aim of visceral angiography is to determine whether the patient has hepatopetal or hepatofugal portal venous flow. Patients with hepatopetal flow are treated with a selective distal splenorenal shunt. Those with hepatofugal flow are managed with a total shunt, such as an interposition H-graft portacaval or mesocaval shunt. PMID- 7006781 TI - Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: progress and problems in treatment. AB - Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common cancer of childhood. A series of total therapy studies begun in 1962 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee has had a dramatic impact on the survival of children with this disease. These studies have systematically examined various drug combinations and radiation therapy in an effort to cure acute lymphocytic leukemia. As a result, a once uniformly fatal condition is now curable in nearly one half of cases. In addition to improved control of the primary disease, refinements in drug treatment and in supportive care have diminished the frequency of severe infections, which may complicate aggressive therapy. Although the quality of life for the survivors so far appears generally good, treatment induced toxic effects may impose subtle, though significant, handicaps in some cases. A combination of clinical and laboratory investigations begun in the mid 1970s is beginning to demonstrate a previously unknown heterogeneity among patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is now possible to recognize a substantial minority of patients on the basis of these studies as being at "high risk" for treatment failure. For them, drastic modifications of present programs are being investigated in an attempt to improve their prognosis. For patients lacking high-risk features improvements are still needed, but changes in their treatment must be kept within the framework of what is presently successful and must address the hazard of long-term toxicity. PMID- 7006784 TI - Elizabeth Catharine Bagshaw. PMID- 7006787 TI - Herpes simplex keratitis in renal transplant recipients. AB - Herpes simplex epithelial keratitis developed in four renal transplant recipients while they were receiving high-dose systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. In all cases the presentation was atypical, and in two cases the course was protracted, leading to some visual loss from corneal scarring and opacification. With the immunocompromised patient it is important to seek early ophthalmologic consultation when even minor ocular symptoms develop. PMID- 7006789 TI - The superiority of CCNU in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. AB - In a randomized study, the effect of single agent therapy, with CCNU was compared with that of BCNU in previously treated patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. The dosage of CCNU was 100 mg/m2 p.o. q. 6 weeks and of BCNU, 200 mg/m2, p. 6 weeks with dose modification adjusted to individual tolerance. For 60 evaluable patients the response rate (complete and partial was 60 for CCNU and 28% for BCNU (p = 0.025); median duration of response was 4.5 months and 2.0 months, respectively (P = 0.26). Median survival for responders was 11.0 months and for non-responders 5.0 months. No major difference was observed in hematologic toxicity between the two compounds. Used as single agents in equitoxic dosages, CCNU is superior to BCNU for the treatment of previously treated advanced Hodgkin's disease, and CCNU has the additional advantage of oral administration. PMID- 7006791 TI - Experimental adenomas and carcinomas of the large intestine behave as distinct entities: most carcinomas arise de novo in flat mucosa. AB - Detailed histologic analyses were performed on tumors of the large intestine obtained in 152 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats. Of a total 539 glandular neoplasms, 45 were benign; 494 (92%) were locally invasive; of which 222 (41%) were invading the muscularis propria. One-hundred-forty-one tumors were smaller than or equal to 3mm in diameter. Among those, 127 (90%) were invasive. In addition to macroscopic nodules, several appeared after longer latency periods than did serial sections of flat mucosa. The benign polyps usually appeared after longer latency periods than did carcinomas. A review of the literature indicates that in the majority of rat experiments most or all DMH-induced tumors were frequently reported. All these data constitute strong evidence that most experimental adenocarcinomas do arise de novo in flat mucosa, i.e., without a prior adenoma stage. However, most DMH-induced tumors in mice were reported to be adenomas, either alone or coexisting with carcinomas. It is suggested that "de novo arising carcinomas" and adenomatous polyps, which are both inducible by the same carcinogens, and which can coexist in some experimental systems, nonetheless constitute independent and distinct pathologic entities; they can be separated by genetic susceptibility. PMID- 7006790 TI - Randomized study of 5-FU and CCNU in pancreatic cancer: report of the Veterans Administration Surgical Adjuvant Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group. AB - Between the years 1973-1977, 152 male patients from 28 participating Veterans Hospitals with histologically proven nonresectable cancer of the pancreas were randomized in a two-arm study. The treated group was to receive combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and CCNU, and the controls were to receive no chemotherapy. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, amount of weight loss, extent of histologically proved metastases, and operation performed. In the treatment group, drug therapy was begun between 10 and 60 days postoperatively. Intravenous 5-FU, 9 mg/kg, was administered on five consecutive days, and CCNU, 70 mg/m2, was given orally on the first day of each course. In the absence of toxicity, the course was repeated every six weeks for life; 146 drug courses were given. The incidence of toxicity was not great. One or more toxic reactions were reported for one-third of the drug courses administered, but for the most part, these were mild. The most frequent toxic reaction was vomiting in 17% of the courses, and hematologic toxicity-primarily leukopenia-in 15% of the drug courses. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect on survival from drug treatment in the group as a whole or in any subgroup analyzed. The median survival of the control group was 3.9 months, and of the drug-treated group, 3.0 months. PMID- 7006792 TI - Pineal astrocytoma: report of a case, confined to the epiphysis, with immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - A low-grade astrocytoma confined to the pineal gland is reported. The neoplasm was incidentally found at autopsy in a 39-year-old white female with no neurologic symptoms. The astrocytic origin of the neoplasm has been confirmed with electron microscopic studies and with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining, using an antiserum raised against the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. This is the first published case of a well-documented astrocytoma limited to the pineal. The presence of apparently normal, GFA protein-containing cells in human pineal gland is also demonstrated for the first time. PMID- 7006793 TI - Antibody responses of remission leukemia patients receiving active specific and nonspecific immunotherapy. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was utilized to evaluate the antibody response of 21 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients to active specific immunotherapy with either pooled allogeneic AML blast cells or leukemia-associated antigen (LAA), admixed with BCG cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Five of 13 patients treated with LAA had a significant antibody response to LAA after immunotherapy. Antibody response correlated with an increased remission duration (159+ vs. 75+ weeks) and an increased survival (164+ vs. 98+ weeks). Two of eight patients treated with cells responded to LAA, and three patients had initially high anti-LAA antibody levels. In the total study, eight of 11 patients surviving longer than 2 1/2 years and six of seven patients maintaining a complete remission longer than 2 years were antibody responders. Neither protocol induced significant antibody to a normal spleen extract, BCG-CWS, or a measles recall antigen. However, five of seven patients with initially high levels of antibody to BCG (following weekly BCG scarification) were long-term survivors. These data suggest that the humoral immune response to immunotherapeutic agents may be a useful parameter for monitoring immunotherapy of AML patients. PMID- 7006796 TI - Unusual presentation of bronchogenic carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. AB - Although blood spread of pulmonary malignancy presumably occurs through microembolization, frank embolization of tumor fragments is uncommon. The first reported case of bronchogenic carcinoma appearing as a peripheral arterial embolus is described. The patient, a 64-year-old female, had acute ischemia of the left leg secondary to tumor embolism to the left profunda femoris and popliteal arteries. Shortly after embolectomy, she suffered atelectasis of the whole left lung from an epitheloid carcinoma in the left main bronchus. Twenty eight cases of frank tumor embolism to the arterial tree occurring during the course of a noncardiac malignancy have been reported. None, however, occurred as an initial event. Pulmonary metastasis in patients with advanced malignancy was the source of the arterial emboli in 45% (13/29) of reported cases, but bronchogenic carcinoma was the original cell type in 38% (11/29) of cases. In general, arterial tumor embolism is a complication of advanced malignancy usually originating from one of multiple pulmonary metastases. This first case report of tumor embolism to a lower extremity occurring as the initial event in the clinical course of a bronchogenic carcinoma serves to emphasize the protein manifestations of malignant disease. PMID- 7006794 TI - Immunologic classification of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Immunologic approaches to the classification of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) have led to a new awareness of the heterogeneity of this disease. Surface membrane markers including surface membrane immunoglobulin, complement receptors, and sheep erythrocyte (E) receptors have demonstrated at least three subtypes of ALL, which include non-B, non-T, ALL, T-ALL, and B-ALL. In addition, hetero antisera to Ia-like antigens and ALL-associated antigens have been used to positively identify non-B, non-T ALL, which was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. This paper reports 17 cases of childhood ALL whose lymphoblasts were studied for surface membrane immunoglobulin, sheep erythrocyte receptors, and the presence of four antigens detected by well-characterized heteroantisera. Every non-B, non-T lymphoblast was positively identified by the Ia-like antiserum and/or the ALL antiserum. One T lymphoblast was identified by E receptors and the T antiserum, whereas two did not have E receptors but did react to the T antiserum. None of these three T lymphoblasts reacted with the Ia-like antiserum. PMID- 7006795 TI - A study of surface markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. AB - Cell surface markers of 44 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied with various surface markers, especially by using antihuman B lymphocyte serum (ABS), antihuman thymocyte serum (ATS-T), and antihuman peripheral T lymphocyte serum (ALS-T), which were rendered specific for human B lymphocytes, human thymocytes, and human peripheral T lymphocytes, respectively. An immunofluorescent study with ABS, ATS-T, and ALS-T enabled us to demonstrate the histologic localization of normal or neoplastic B and T cells in preserving the original structure of lymphoid organs or tumor tissues. The proportion of cell types in NHL was B cell type 59%, T1 (ATS-T reactive) type 7%, T2 (ALS-T reactive) type 23%, and Null (non T, non B) type 11%. The relationships among cell types, histologic findings, and clinical characteristics were also investigated. Patients with T1-NHL had mediastinal tumors, which were histologically classified into "Lymphoblastic lymphoma." These facts suggest that T1-NHL may have originated in the thymus. Patients with T2-NHL showed a high incidence of skin lesions. Median survival of ten patients with T1- and T2-NHL was seven months, which was much shorter than that of B- or Null-NHL. PMID- 7006797 TI - Midwifery in Canada: a capsule history. PMID- 7006798 TI - Fecal factors which modify the formation of fecal co-mutagens in high- and low risk population for colon cancer. AB - Dietary patterns and fecal mutagens of 2 population groups with a distinct risk for colon cancer, high-risk, non-Seventh-Day Adventists and a low-risk, vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists, in the New York metropolitan area were studied. The diet histories indicate that the intake of protein was identical in the 2 groups; a greater portion coming from meat in non-Seventh-Day Adventists and from vegetables in the Seventh-Day Adventists. The intake of fat was lower in Seventh-Day Adventists. Fecal samples were extracted with dichloromethane, partially purified on silica and assayed for mutagenic activity using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. When tested alone, fecal extracts from both groups were non mutagenic in TA98 and TA100 strains. Fecal extracts of non-Seventh-Day Adventists and Seventh-Day Adventists enhanced the mutagenic activity induced by 2-AAF in TA98 and TA100 (co-mutagenic activity). However, non-Seventh-Day Adventists showed a significantly higher co-mutagenic activity in TA98 than did Seventh-Day Adventists. PMID- 7006799 TI - Amino-alpha-carbolines as mutagenic agents in cigarette smoke condensate. AB - Two mutagenic agents, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b)indole and 2-amino-3-methyl-9H pyrido[2,3-b]indole (amino-alpha-carbolines) have been isolated from cigarette smoke condensate for this study. The former agent varied in amounts from a low of 25 ng/cigarette in the smoke of flue-cured tobacco, to a high of 258 ng/cigarette in a cigarette of Japanese domestic variety. The latter ranged in amounts from 9 to 37 ng/cigarette. The contents of these mutagens in the smoke condensate were positively related to an increase in mutagenic activity of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. PMID- 7006800 TI - Effects of hormones and growth factors on human mammary epithelial cells in collagen gel culture. PMID- 7006802 TI - Nonhistone protein changes during the diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis of rat liver. AB - Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) was administered with drinking water (40 mg/liter) to male Wistar rats for 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. The protein:DNA ratio and the ultraviolet light spectral properties of liver chromatin were not modified by DENA treatment. Nonhistone proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide electrophoresis on slab gels and analyzed by densitometry with a scanning microphotometer connected on line to a computer. There were no qualitative changes in the pattern of nonhistone proteins during the treatment with DENA. The quantitative changes statistically significant at p less than 0.005 were detected only in the 4th and 10th week, increases in fractions with molecular weights of 41,000 to 47,000 and 51,000 to 64,000 and decreases in fractions with molecular weights of 27,000 to 32,000 and 47,000 to 51,000 having been found. The proteinase activity of liver chromatin was assayed in incubation mixtures with 0.2 and 2 M NaCl and the measurement of the cleavage products was performed with ninhydrin. Proteolytic activity was found only in 0.2 M NaCl and was higher in rats treated for 8 weeks with DENA than in controls. Autolysis of chromatin for 24 hr at 37 degrees showed a severe breakdown of the nonhistone protein, being greater in the high-molecular-weight fractions than in the low molecular-weight fractions. PMID- 7006803 TI - Early history of specific antibody-producing lymphocyte hybridomas. PMID- 7006801 TI - Growth-promoting effect, biological activity, and binding of insulin in human intestinal cancer cells in culture. AB - The biological action and binding of insulin were tested in two human intestinal cancer cell lines originating from the duodenum (HUTU 80) and the colon (HT 29). After serum deprivation for 24 hr, insulin stimulated cell division and the incorporation of labeled precursors into RNA, protein, and DNA for both cell lines. The action on the RNA and protein was rapid and significantly different (1.5 to 2 times that of control) 1 hr after adding insulin. These effects were dose dependent, present at physiological concentration in vivo (10(-10) M), and independent of the transport of precursors. For thymidine incorporation, the stimulation was delayed up to 8 hr and culminated with cell division 20 hr later. As previously shown for HT 20, HUTU 80 cells exhibited insulin-specific binding sites. Binding of 125I-insulin was saturable; reversible; and time, temperature, and pH dependent. Scatchard analysis of the binding data of the two cell lines gave curvilinear plots. Assuming the presence of two independent binding sites, the high-affinity constants were 6 to 8 X 10(8) M-1, and the number of high affinity receptors was similar and accounted for 2000 to 3000 receptors/cell. For both cell lines, the effect of insulin on protein and RNA synthesis was significantly different from control at 1 hr when binding reached a maximum at 37 degrees. The biological action of insulin on growth and macromolecular synthesis was dose dependent and maximum at about 10(-8) M insulin, which corresponds to 70% displacement of 125I-insulin binding. Furthermore, the binding and the biological action of proinsulin were about 2% that of native insulin in the two cell lines studied. These results show that insulin acts as a growth factor for these two cell lines and that these effects are probably mediated by the interaction of insulin with specific receptors. PMID- 7006804 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of colonic mucoprotein antigen in neoplastic tissues. AB - The distribution of colonic mucoprotein antigen in various types of cancer was examined to determine whether the antigen might have a role as a tissue marker. An antiserum prepared against normal colon-derived colonic mucoprotein antigen and appropriately absorbed with mucinous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma fluid had reactivity limited to the colon and cecum when tested by immunoperoxidase against various normal adult tissue specimens. Among colon carcinomas, 60% of the tumors were stained, and a correlation with tumor differentiation was noted: seven of seven tumors were well differentiated; 21 of 35 tumors were moderately differentiated; and one of seven poorly differentiated tumors expressed the determinants. Of note was the absence of staining with gastric, pancreatic, lung, and endometrial mucin-producing carcinomas. Only one of five mucinous ovarian cystadenocarcinomas was positive for colonic mucoprotein antigen. The potential role of the mucin as a marker for colon carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 7006806 TI - Effects of chemotherapy with mitomycin C and 5-FU on pancreatic functions in patients with gastric cancer. PMID- 7006805 TI - Phase III study of ICRF-159 versus 5-FU in the treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal carcinoma. AB - Thirty-seven previously untreated patients with advanced metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated in a prospective randomized fashion with either ICRF-159 or 5-FU. The ICRF-159 was administered orally at a dose of 1 g/m2/day for 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks, and the 5-FU was given iv at a dose of 450 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 5 weeks. All patients were evaluated for response and toxic effects after two courses of treatment. All those who failed to meet the criteria for objective response with either a complete remission or a partial response received the other drug in a crossover fashion. Three of the 18 patients (16%) initially treated with 5-FU achieved a partial response while none of the 19 patients initially treated with ICRF-159 achieved a complete or partial response. Nine prior 5-FU-treated patients were crossed over to ICRF-159 and 14 prior ICRF-159-treated patients subsequently received 5-FU. No antitumor response was seen with the secondary agent in this study. The response rate for ICRF-159 (none of 19 patients) predicts that it is unlikely to produce a true response rate of greater than or equal to 20% with a rejection error of less than 5%, making it unsuitable as primary therapy for colon carcinoma. The toxicity of 5-FU was moderate and mainly gastrointestinal while the toxicity of ICRF-159 was severe and mainly hematologic. PMID- 7006807 TI - Transcatheter vessel occlusion: selection of methods and materials. AB - Transcatheter vessel occlusion (TCVO) is increasingly used for control of hemorrhage, palliative and preoperative tumor embolization, organ function ablation, and obliteration of arteriovenous fistulae and malformations. Methods for TCVO include transcatheter electrocoagulation, "staining" with contrast, the use of balloon-tipped catheters, and embolization. The choice of method and material depends on whether proximal occlusion of feeding vessels or arteriocapillary occlusion is desired, the vascular anatomy of the lesion, the safety with which the lesion can be embolized, and the type of lesion being treated. Embolization is the most frequently employed modality. Available materials include autologous tissue, absorbable hemostatics, synthetic particulates, and liquid polymers. Each material has advantages and disadvantages that make it desirable in certain situations and less useful in others. Complications of TCVO may be disastrous, but can be avoided with careful attention to detail. The specific features of the lesion determine the choice of materials and techniques. PMID- 7006808 TI - Vessel occlusion with transcatheter electrocoagulation. AB - Transcatheter intravascular electrocoagulation for therapeutic occlusion of vessels has been experimentally developed and successfully used clinically as an alternative to, and in conjunction with, more routine methods of vessel occlusion. A constant current power source and a steelguide wire anode are used for the occlusion. The subject is grounded with a standard bovie plate insulated from the skin by a highly lubricated sponge. Permanent occlusion of strategic vessels at accurately controlled sites has been achieved with little risk of embolization of non-target areas. There has been minimal damage to vessel walls, and complete occlusion has been possible despite heparinization and/or thrombocytopenia. One limitation is the inconstant ability to position the anode precisely at the desired site of occlusion. Also, a long time may be required (up to one hour) to occlude larger vessels with presently available anodes. Wider use must await refinements in development of the anode material and in its delivery system. PMID- 7006809 TI - Observations on experimental myocardial ischaemia. AB - Over the past decade major advances have been made in the understanding of myocardial infarction largely through the use of animal models of ischaemia and infarction. Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of reversible versus irreversible ischaemic injury have helped to clarify the nature of ischaemic cell death. The presence of a border zone of cells which are in the reversible phase of myocardial injury following coronary artery occlusion allows for salvage of ischaemic myocardium by a number of interventions. These interventions include reperfusion, a variety of pharmacological agents, and physical and haemodynamic interventions. Several clinical studies have shown that these interventions may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7006811 TI - Multiclinic evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of a methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazine, and amiloride combination. AB - A multiclinic, double-blind, randomized study in 361 patients with essential hypertension compared Aldoretic, (Merck & Co., Inc., New Jersey), a combination of methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride with the combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride and with methyldopa alone. At the end of week 12, the proportion of patients who were classified as normotensive (diastolic less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) was 61% in the group treated with Aldoretic, which was statistically significantly greater than the 48% in the hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride group and the 35% in the methyldopa group. PMID- 7006813 TI - [Czech-Russian medical contacts on the pages of the first twenty annual volumes of Casopis Lekaru Ceskych (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006814 TI - [Indirect haemagglutination test in toxoplasmosis. Results of simultaneous tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006810 TI - Efficacy of a betamethasone dipropionate topical glycol preparation in the management of severe psoriasis. AB - A multicenter, double-blind clinical evaluation of three formulations of betamethasone dipropionate was conducted in 258 patients with severe psoriasis. The results obtained after a standard two-week treatment period clearly indicated that a new glycol preparation produced significantly greater improvement than the ointment and cream formulations currently in clinical use. Twenty-one percent of the patients treated with the new formulation had clearing of all signs and symptoms of psoriasis within the two-week span. Sixty-eight percent of those treated with this new preparation reported complete disappearance of scaling, the major cosmetically disturbing sign of the disease. Adverse drug effects were uncommon and were of a limited dermatologic nature. They were equally distributed among treatment groups PMID- 7006812 TI - Urinary tract infections: the efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. AB - The diagnosis of bacterial urinary infections is reasonably exact and routine in medical practice. In contrast, therapeutic regimens have been arbitrary with little rationale and no relationship to infection site or therapeutic objective. During the past decades a series of careful prospective studies have carefully characterized episodes of infection to the site within the urinary tract, and adequate follow-up has been obtained to determine the pattern of response. This has led to the emergence of definite guidelines on dose and duration for antimicrobial therapy. The antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has been employed in many of these studies and has been found to be a particularly effective agent for both the treatment and prevention of urinary infections. These studies and their implications for optimal treatment of urinary infections are reviewed. PMID- 7006815 TI - [Samuel von Basch and one hundred years since the discovery of an indirect method of assessment of blood pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006818 TI - [Diazepam and growth hormone secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006816 TI - [Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity in stomach cancer and high-risk groups]. PMID- 7006817 TI - [In memory of Prof. Klement Weber]. PMID- 7006819 TI - [Dr. Emerich Polak (27 May 1901 - 27 August 1980)]. PMID- 7006820 TI - [The father of modern academic medicine (Jan D. Panyrek)]. PMID- 7006821 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Frantisek Hermansky]. PMID- 7006822 TI - Self-maintenance ability and kinetics of haemopoietic stroma precursors. AB - The use of repeated femoral curettages and repeated passages of ectopic haemopoietic foci had demonstrated the capacity of stromal precursor cells for repeated formation of haemopoietic microenvironment. During this process the stromal precursors undergo no less than ten to twelve mitoses. Precursors of bone marrow stroma proliferating slowly, if at all, in normal mice are triggered into cell cycle, as raevealed by suicide methods, during formation of the ectopic haemopoietic focus. PMID- 7006823 TI - A comprehensive mathematical model of stem cell proliferation which reproduces most of the published experimental results. AB - On the basis of experimental knowledge about haemopoietic stem cells a catalogue of fundamental statements is formulated. From this a simple mathematical model of haemopoietic regulation mechanisms is developed. The functional net effects of regulatory processes which are still unknown or unmeasurable are estimated using evolution arguments. The model is developed in three steps. It allows description of the self-replication of stem cells after direct destruction as well as their reaction to increased or reduced needs in the erythropoietic system. The most important experimental data about changes in CFUs, BFUe and CFUe after acute or chronic irradiation, anaemia, hypoxia, hypertransfusion or direct erythropoietic stimulation can be reproduced within the model. The model allows us to understand most of the results of experimental stem cell research. Furthermore, it can be applied for a more precise analysis of the existing data. Predictions about the results of certain experiments can be made. PMID- 7006824 TI - Studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus. VI. Sympathetic innervation, catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-system in rats and tree-shrews (Tupaia belangeri). AB - It has previously been reported that the primitive primate Tupaia belangeri develops a renal failure when exposed to psychosocial stress. In order to learn if this high susceptibility to stress of the Tupaia kidney can be correlated with morphological and functional parameters of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) and the renin-angiotension system, comparative experiments were performed on Tupaia and rat. Our results reveal an outstandingly high potency of the JGA and the renin-angiotensin system in Tupaia as evident from the following findings: The Tupaia JGA contains a great number of epithelioid cells abounding in renin granules (electron microscopy). The renin content of the Tupaia kidney is considerably higher than in the rat (radio-immunoassay). The sympathetic innervation of the kidney and especially of the JGA is abundant in Tupaia (fluorescence and electron microscopy). Catecholamine contents of the kidney and other organs are significantly higher in Tupaia than in rats (spectrophotofluorometry). Our results support the previously developed concept of a potent intrarenal neuroendocrine interaction at the JGA level favouring, under certain conditions of social stress, the development of acute renal failure in Tupaia belangeri. PMID- 7006825 TI - Two types of luliberin-immunoreactive perikarya in the preoptic area of the rat. AB - At the light microscopic level, following immunostaining with a single antiserum against luliberin (LRF), two types of hormone-producing perikarya in the preoptic area are demonstrated. The two cell types differ in their morphological features: a bipolar, smooth-contoured cell type can be differentiated from an irregularly contoured unipolar type. Intermediate forms between both cell types occurring in the same area are not observed. Electron microscopically, both cell types contain labeled granules of similar size and immunoreactivity. It is discussed whether the uneven surface of the one cell type is due to areas of synaptic contacts, and whether both cell types are integrated in different neuronal and functional circuits. Moreover, at the ultrastructural level, from the irregularly contoured LRF-producing perikarya a further positively stained cell type, probably a glial cell, can be differentiated. The specific labeling of the latter is caused by its content of immunoreactive lysosomal bodies. Differentiation between the labeled glial cells and the irregularly contoured LRF-producing perikarya is not possible at the light microscopic level. PMID- 7006827 TI - Glucagon- and glicentin-immunoreactive cells in the human digestive tract. AB - The distribution and cellular location of substances reacting with anti-glucagon or anti-glicentin sera, i.e., glucagon-like and glicentin-like immunoreactivities, were studied in the human digestive tract using the immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods. Both types of immunoreactivity were (1) absent in the antrum, (2) abundant in cells located at the periphery of pancreatic islets, (3) unevenly present in cells scattered in the epithelium of the small intestinal mucosa, the glicentin-immunoreactive cells being particularly abundant in the ileum. In the pancreas, and, when simultaneously present, in the intestine, both glucagon and glicentin immunoreactivities were located in the same cells. The precise ultrastructural location of each immunoreactivity was readily made using colloidal gold and ferritin tracers on ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed and epoxy resin-embedded tissues. In the pancreas, both glucagon and glicentin immunoreactivities were found in the granules of the A-type cells; the glucagon immunoreactivity was only present in the core of the granule, whereas the glicentin immunoreactivity was found either in the peripheral halo only, or throughout the entire granule. In the small intestine, both immunoreactivities were located inside the granules of the L-type cells. Quantitative specificity tests suggested that the glucagon- and the glicentin-like substances of the pancreas differ from those found in the intestine. PMID- 7006826 TI - Ultrastructural organization of the transition from the distal nephron to the collecting duct in the desert rodent Psammomys obesus. AB - The transition from the nephron to the collecting duct is formed by three tubular segments (convoluted part of the distal tubule, connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct), which in the desert rodent, Psammomys obesus, transform gradually from one segment to the next, due to intermingling of their different cell types. The convoluted part of the distal tubule (DTC) starts abruptly, shortly beyond the macula densa and initially is homogeneously composed of characteristic DTC-cells. Subsequently, the DTC-cells intermingle with intercalated cells. The first appearance of the connecting-tubule cell, which gradually replaces the DTC-cell, is regarded as the beginning of the connecting tubule. The major portion of the connecting tubule is lined by connecting-tubule cells and intercalated cells. The first appearance of the principal cell between them defines the beginning of the cortical collecting duct, which in the medullary ray is lined by principal and intercalated cells only. Each cell type is described in detail and discussed in relation to the assumed function of the tubular segments. Interspecies differences in the cellular composition of the transitional zone from the nephron to the collecting duct are discussed in relation to the different organization of the collecting duct system. PMID- 7006829 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of neural elements in the central nervous systems of a snail, some insects, a fish, and a mammal with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide FMRF-amide. AB - With an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide FMRF-amide neurons and/or nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous systems of a snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), some insects (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Periplaneta americana, Locusta migratoria, Pieris brassicae), a fish (Poecilia latipinna) and a mammal (mouse). The fact that immunoreactive material was observed in neurohaemal organs (corpora cardiaca of the insects) as well as in axon terminals ending on other neurons, seems to indicate that this peptide can function as a neurohormone and/or as a neurotransmitter. The results sustain the hypothesis that biologically active peptides have a wide distribution in the animal kingdom. PMID- 7006830 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of met-enkephalin in the central nervous system of the domestic fowl. AB - In the central nervous system of the male domestic flow, metenkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive perikarya and fiber tracts as well as extensive but sharply delimited fiber networks were visualized by means of the PAP technique. The most striking results were: (1) The demonstration of an association of ENK-containing structures with branchial nerves; (2) the spatial relationship of ENK-containing perikarya and fibers to somatostatin (SOM) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT) immunoreactive systems; (3) the presence of dense and extensive ENK fiber networks within (a) the caudo-basal wall of the third ventricle and (b) the septal-preoptic area; in both regions mainly ENK fibers, but also SOM and AVT fibers, may cross to the contralateral side. PMID- 7006828 TI - Immunochemical localization of contractile proteins in mammalian meiotic chromosomes. AB - Smooth muscle heavy myosin and actin have been detected in mouse and rat meiotic chromosomes, by indirect immunofluorescence performed on testis cryostat sections and isolated germ cells. Both contractile proteins are detectable in the nuclei of meiotic cells during the first prophase. The appearance and disappearance time of myosin and actin, however, is not synchronous. While actin is visible in small spots from resting to late diplotene spermatocytes, myosin appears as filaments in the primary spermatocytes from the zygotene to the early state of diplotene. The number of myosin filaments in the pachytene spermatocytes corresponds to the number of bivalent chromosomes, whereas actin spots constantly outnumber the pairing chromosomes by two units. These immunochemical observations suggest that the two contractile proteins are associated with the synaptonemal complex (SC). Myosin seems to be associated with the central region of the SC, while actin is present in its basal knob which is in connection with the nuclear membrane. The difference in number between myosin filaments and actin spots appears to be related to the peculiar behaviour of the pairing sex chromosomes. The presence of contractile proteins in the nuclei of primary spermatocytes seems to suggest that they might play a role in the process of pairing of homologous chromosomes. PMID- 7006831 TI - Interlamellar tight junctions of central myelin. II. A freeze fracture and cytochemical study on their arrangement and composition. AB - The interlamellar tight junctions (ITJ) of central myelin (white matter from the parietal lobe and the medulla oblongata of the rat) were analyzed electron microscopically, making use of a wide range of different preparatory techniques. Freeze-fracture observations indicate that the ITJ are composed of rows of particulate subunits in glutaraldehyde-fixed or formaldehyde-fixed material, and in the unfixed state. The particulate subunits of the ITJ are preferentially associated with the protoplasmic (P) face in the aldehyde-fixed state, and no shift in the binding characteristics of the particles was observed after omission of aldehyde fixation. Tracer studies in conjunction with the dissociated appearance of the junctional globules suggest that the ITJ represent a leaky type of zonula occludens. It is assumed that the ITJ particles represent an "integral type protein" that preferentially serves as a mechanical device maintaining the structural integrity of the central myelin sheath. By means of cytochemical experiments, the proteinaceous character of the ITJ subunits is established. An attempt is made, based on results from lipid extraction and protein digestion, to define certain cytochemical parameters of the ITJ proteins and to compare them with the current collection of chemically identified proteins of central myelin. PMID- 7006832 TI - Synemin: a new high molecular weight protein associated with desmin and vimentin filaments in muscle. AB - A 230,000 dalton polypeptide co-purifies through cycles of depolymerization and polymerization with the intermediate filament subunits, desmin and vimentin, from avian smooth muscle. This protein is also present in skeletal muscle and is distinct from myosin and filamin. Double immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured cells, using antisera shown to be specific by immunoautoradiography, has revealed that this protein has the same spatial distribution as desmin and vimentin. During skeletal myogenesis, all three antigens exist initially in multinucleate myotubes as wavy filaments throughout the cytoplasm. Within a week after myoblast fusion, they begin to coalesce at the peripheries of the myofibril Z discs, thereby attaining the distribution observed in mature muscle, a network of interlinked rings within the Z plane. Treatment of cultured myotubes with colcemid causes the filamentous forms of these three proteins to co-aggregate into cytoplasmic bundles, but has little effect on them when they are associated with the Z discs. Extraction of cells with nonionic detergent and high salt leaves cytoskeletons containing desmin, vimentin and the 230,000 dalton polypeptide with immunofluorescent patterns that are indistinguishable from one another. These data suggest that this high molecular weight protein is closely associated with desmin and vimentin filaments in muscle cells; to indicate this, we have named the protein synemin, from the Greek oa uv (with) and v eta mu alpha (filament). PMID- 7006833 TI - Histone H2B genes of yeast encode two different proteins. AB - The two genetically unlinked histone H2B genes isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been sequenced. The genes encode H2B proteins that are 130 amino acids in length and that differ by 4 amino acids. The changes betwen them are Ala leads to Ser, Lys leads to Ala, Thr leads to Val and Ala leads to Val at amino acid positions 2, 3, 27 and 35, respectively. A comparison of yeast H2B histones with those of higher eucaryotes demonstrates a high degree of homology clustered mainly at the carboxyl terminus. There is extensive base substitution between the two H2B genes in nucleotides that do not affect the amino acid sequence. DNA prelude sequences show 64% divergence. The coding regions differ at 49 of the 390 bases (12.6% divergence). 41 of these changes are in silent positions. By using the number of amino acid differences in the proteins we estimate that the two H2B genes are the result of an ancient duplication event. PMID- 7006835 TI - [B cell function and morphological characteristics of isolated islands of Langerhans in vitro]. PMID- 7006834 TI - [Prostaglandins and their role in the regulation of volume and circulatory homeostasis]. PMID- 7006837 TI - [Pediatric renal transplantation in Toulouse (author's transl)]. AB - The regional group of renal transplantation in Toulouse includes a medico surgical team which participates to all the activities of this group. Dialysis and transplantation are covered in a center organized for the care of children. This branch is part of the Regional Hospital. From 15 years old on patients are moved from the pediatric branch to the medico-surgical center taking care of adults. Both teams within the regional hospital share the responsability of taking off kidneys from cadaveric donors and collaborate to France-Transplant and Euro-Transplant. Since the pediatric center in charge of renal failure has opened, 32 children underwent chronic hemodialysis. Some of these patients are presently treated in the center for adults. Fourteen children were grafted and seven are at this moment waiting to receive transplantation. The average number of transplantations per year is from 1 to 4. These fourteen children underwent renal transplantation with kidneys from cadaveric donors. Only one has been provided by Toulouse. Diuresis resumed immediately in 8 cases, later in 5. An extremely acute reject was observed in one case and transplantectomy had to be performed 10 days after transplantation. Eight children presented acute reversible reject which, for 4 of them, evoluated towards chronicle reject. Eight children presented a chronicle reject: 4 of them are again in dialysis. Altogether 8 kidneys are functioning (seven years in the longest case). Five children resumed chronic dialysis. One patient died of acute pancreatitis. He underwent a portocaval shunt for type I glycogenosis which ended in a hyperuricemic nephropathy evoluating towards renal failure forcing a transplantation. The rehabilitation of transplanted children was always satisfactory. PMID- 7006836 TI - Mutagenicity of the O-esters of N-acylhydroxylamines for Salmonella. PMID- 7006838 TI - Infection intensity and specific antibody response in schistosomiasis. AB - The antibody titres in hamsters that were experimentally infected and in humans that were naturally infected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium were determined with the IFAT. The infection intensity was measured directly in the hamsters by counting the worms collected after perfusion and indirectly in humans by counting the eggs in faeces or in urine. In general antibody titre reflected infection intensity. PMID- 7006839 TI - [In vitro study of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine]. AB - In vitro testing of P. falciparum chemosensitivity was assessed from 2 severe malaria cases in which the parasite was thought to be resistant to chloroquine. The 3 following methods were compared in both cases. 1.--Maturation test, carried out before and from the outset of treatment, is a rapid and simple method. Primary efficiency of therapeutic procedures can be estimate and the eventually adjust. 2.--Rieckmann test, on patient blood, measure chemosensitivity of host strain modulated by hosts factors. Initially proposed for epidemiological trials, this method is of interest for the choice of treatment at the end of acute phase in individuals cases. 3.--Strain chemosensitivity measurement, require one or more weeks of Plasmodium cultivation. This value will be very helpful to estimate the sensitivity level of P. falciparum to chloroquine in the outcoming strain area. PMID- 7006840 TI - [Post-transfusion malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and carcinoma under chemotherapy: unusual cytology of the parasite]. AB - A man with a carcinoma presented an unusual cytology P. falciparum transfusion malaria. The authors suspect cytotoxic chemotherapy for having induced these cytological changes. PMID- 7006841 TI - [Toxoplasma gondii study by electron immunomicroscopy]. PMID- 7006843 TI - [Cuppers' thread operation and vascularization of the medial rectus muscle]. PMID- 7006842 TI - [Serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis using micro-ELISA. Study of 450 sera and comparison with indirect immunofluorescence]. AB - The microtest ELISA has been used for human Onchocerciasis serological study. The antigens employed were adult Onchocerca volvulus extracts, collected from dissected nodules, delipidized and cleared from human proteins by affinity Chromatography. Under the circumstances, the positivity limit of the test seems excellent (maximum )D: 0,23) defined with 171 negative sera, 66 of them taken from Africans. Specificity controls were studied with 56 heterologous sera; cross reactions occurred with hydatidosis and especially wit various nematode infections, in particular loasis. With reagents and technical conditions used, the specificity limit of the test corresponds to an OD of 0,4 (measured with a 3 mm optical course). The diagnosis value of the test was verified by studying sera from 90 individuals wit a positive skin biopsy and with sera from 233 adults living in endemic areas. For all the infected people, the global percentage of positivity with ELISA is not greater than that with indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (85%). On the other hand, the micro-test ELISA seems slightly more sensitive in detection of high serological positivities. We did not find any statistically relationship presence and quantity of microfilarial worms in skin biopsy and positivity with the microtest ELISA. Likewise, in some polyinfested patients (with Onchocerca volvulus and Dipetalonema perstans or Wuchereria bancrofti), we did not observe any correlation between the results given the microtest ELISA and the quantity of microfilariae in the blood stream. PMID- 7006845 TI - A clinico-pathological study of pulpal reaction to acid etching with phosphoric acid solution at various concentrations. PMID- 7006844 TI - [A case of Mooren's ulcer; treatment with keratoplasty and antimitotic agents]. PMID- 7006847 TI - Release of vasodilator prostaglandin, PGI2, from isolated rat lung during vasoconstriction. AB - Prostaglandins are generated by the lungs and released into the circulation. Since inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis enhance hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we wondered whether vasodilator prostacyclin was synthesized by the lungs in response to vasoconstriction. To test this hypothesis, we measured vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II in isolated rat lungs before and after inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. We found that sodium meclofenamate enhanced and prostacyclin and its precursor arachidonate abolished pulmonary vasoconstriction. In lungs labeled with 14C-arachidonate, effluent radioactivity increased after angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. Hypoxic vasoconstriction, but not hypoxia per se, caused an increase in lung effluent radioactivity. Chromatographic analysis of lung effluent showed that 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha was the major arachidonic acid metabolite released during pulmonary vasoconstriction. We concluded that prostacyclin is produced by the lungs in response to vasoconstriction. Hypoxia per se seems not to be the adequate stimulus for enhanced lung prostacyclin formation. Lung prostacyclin may protect the pulmonary circulation against excessive vasoconstriction. PMID- 7006846 TI - MItomycin C, methyl-CCNU and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. AB - The combination of mitomycin C, methyl-CCNU and 5-fluorouracil produced no objective tumor regressions in 25 evaluable patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Patients who achieved stable disease survived significantly longer than patients who had progressive disease. This difference appeared to be more probably related to pre-treatment characteristics of the patients than caused by treatment. Serial CEA determinations revealed a parallel relationship with tumor behavior in 17 of 19 patients. PMID- 7006849 TI - The effect of hemorrhagic hypotension on urinary kallikrein excretion, renin activity, and renal cortical blood flow in the pig. AB - We measured urinary kallikrein by its esterolytic and kinin-forming activity in 5 minute urine samples obtained throughout continuous bleeding experiments in pigs to correlate possible changes in urinary kallikrein excretion during hemorrhagic hypotension with resin activity and renal cortical blood flow. Renin activity was determined in venous blood samples and renal cortical blood flow was estimated by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. The rate of urinary kallikrein excretion was increased about 4-fold within an arterial pressure range of 100-70 mm Hg, whereas below 70 mm Hg, arterial pressure urinary kallikrein activity declined to undetectable values. Renin activity was increased only 2-fold in the arterial pressure range between 100 and 70 mm Hg but was increased 4-fold at pressures below 70 mm Hg. The pressure range of 100 to 70 mm Hg corresponded to the autoregulation of renal cortical blood flow and glomerular filtration rate; below that pressure range, renal cortical blood flow dropped to about 10% of the initial value. Therefore, it seems that urinary kallikrein is activated mainly during the period of autoregulation, whereas renin activity is, in the main, increased below the autoregulatory range of pressure. The vasodilatory urinary kallikrein kinin system might be involved in maintaining sufficient local blood flow during autoregulation whereas a decrease in blood pressure below the autoregulatory range leads to a major increase in renin activity, thus illustrating the attempt of the organism to reestablish sufficient blood pressure to maintain autoregulation. PMID- 7006848 TI - Relative contributions of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II to maintenance of systemic arterial pressure in the anesthetized water-deprived rat. AB - We used a structural analogue of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and investigated the role of AVP in the maintenance of mean arterial pressure (AP) in anesthetized, water-deprived rats. The administration of [1(beta-mercapto-beta,beta cyclopentamethylene propionic acid) 4-valine-8-D-arginine] vasopressin, d(CH2)5VDAVP, completely inhibited to 30-40 mma Hg rise in AP which normally accompanied the administration of 50 mU exogenous AVP (group 1). Thus, d(CH2)5VDAVP is a specific antagonist of the vascular effects of AVP. d(CH2)5VDAVP failed to significantly alter AP in water diuretic rats (group 3) and was without effect on urine osmolality during water diuresis or antidiuresis. However, bolus injection of d(CH2)5VDAVP into water deprived rats (group 2) prompted an abrupt fall in AP from 112 +/- 4 to 94 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). This fall in AP was transient, with return of AP to 110 +/- 4 mm Hg within 15 minutes. Administration of saralasin, an angiotensin II antagonist, not only prevented the compensation in AP, but also significantly magnified the maximal hypotensive response seen following d(CH2)5VDAVP (group 4). Discontinuing the saralasin allowed AP to return to baseline. Bilateral nephrectomy (group 5) also prevented the return of AP, further implicating endogenous angiotensin II as the specific mediator of the compensation in AP following d(CH2)5VDAVP administration. These studies clearly demonstrate that circulating AVP contributes to the maintenance of AP during water deprivation in the anesthetized rat. When this vascular action of AVP is blocked, angiotensin II assumes major responsibility for blood pressure regulation in the antidiuretic state. PMID- 7006850 TI - The rat with spontaneous genetic hypertension is not a suitable model of human essential hypertension. PMID- 7006852 TI - Effects of minoxidil on hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Vasodilators used in chronic congestive heart failure are not optimal in that nitrates are predominant venodilators, prazosin is associated with tolerance development, and hydralazine produces chronic toxicity. Therefore, we studied the acute hemodynamic effects of a single dose of minoxidil in 18 patients with chronic left ventricular failure caused by ischemic or primary cardiomyopathy. Peak effects were observed 5 hours after single oral doses of minoxidil, averaging 15.3 +/- 1.4 mg (SEM). Heart rate rose slightly, from 85.4 +/- 2.9 to 90.9 +/- 3.2 beats/min, after minoxidil (p less than 0.02) and mean arterial pressure fell slightly, from 88.0 +/- 2.3 to 84.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Cardiac index increased from 2.34 +/- 0.l4 to 2.95 +/- 0.29 l/min/m2 after minoxidil (p less than 0.02) and systemic vascular resistance fell from 19.6 +/- 1.5 to 15.0 +/- 1.3 units (p less than 0.01). Minoxidil did not affect right atrial, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures. Hemodynamic effects of minoxidil persisted for at least 8 hours after a single dose. Minoxidil appears to be an effective arterial dilating agent in patients with heart failure and resembles hydralazine in its actions. Because of its potency, prolonged duration of action and relatively low toxicity, minoxidil may be a useful vasodilator for heart failure. However, its long-term effect must be further evaluated. PMID- 7006853 TI - The effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents on early-cycle premature ventricular complexes. AB - Twelve patients completed a double-blind, crossover antiarrhythmic drug trial in which 300 mg of quinidine, 500 mg of procainamide, 100 mg of phenytoin, or placebo was given four times daily on subsequent weeks. Analysis of 24-hour Holter tapes with a computerized analysis system (Argus/H) permitted accurate counting of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) subclassified according to coupling interval. No antiarrhythmic agent demonstrated a significant overall reduction in the number of PVCs, but both quinidine and procainamide showed a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) reduction of PVCs with coupling intervals less than 400 msec. This effect was noted both in isolated PVCs (quinidine only) and in PVCs that were part of a couplet or run (both drugs). These findings demonstrate that clinically important effects of procainamide and quinidine can occur in the absence of an overall reduction in the number of PVCs. PMID- 7006854 TI - Inflammatory proteins: chemical and biological aspects. PMID- 7006851 TI - Relation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to clinical state in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7006856 TI - The biochemical properties of basement membrane components in health and disease. AB - Basement membranes are complex macromolecular structures which occupy the extracellular space between cells of different histologic types. Biochemically it is composed of Type IV collagen, several noncollagenous glycoproteins including laminin, fibronectin, GP-2 and PYS glycoprotein, and heparan sulfate. Morphologic changes are commonplace in a number of renal diseases. In diabetic glomerular disease, the basement membrane is markedly thickened but the biochemical basis has not been elucidated. In other disease-associated basement membrane changes, altered glycosylation of glycoprotein components has been described. The most important issue is the effect such alterations have on the interaction of basement membrane components and the function of the basement membrane. PMID- 7006855 TI - The membrane glycoproteins of the malignant cell. AB - Experiments are described and reviewed demonstrating that the bound carbohydrates of glycoproteins of many forms of malignant cells differ from their normal counterpart. The difference involves many oligosaccharide groups and is essentially quantitative. The characteristics of the difference are discussed. Despite the consistency of the finding its significance is unknown because the function of bound carbohydrates is largely unknown. Some properties of protein bound carbohydrates that may be of special relevance to malignancy and other pathological processes are considered. The array of structures found in the cell is highly complex but seems to be similar in man, hamster, mouse, chick and fish. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of these structures can be influenced and altered by the environment and by drugs; the cell is tolerant of variation in its bound carbohydrate; microheterogeneity of the carbohydrates is probably the rule rather than the exception; experiments to test the function of bound carbohydrate show only small effects. A role for the bound carbohydrates in evolution is proposed that is consistent with these characteristics. It is also postulated that altered, bound carbohydrates of most glycoprotein does not endanger the life of the cell but may be responsible for involvement and change of many processes some of which permit the malignant cell to divide persistently and to prosper. PMID- 7006857 TI - Double-antibody fluorescence immunoassay of tobramycin. AB - This heterogeneous assay for tobramycin involves fluorescein-labeled tobramycin, which competes with native unlabeled tobramycin for anti-tobramycin binding sites. Bound and free labeled antigen are separated by precipitation with a second antibody. Fluorescence intensity of the resuspended precipitate is inversely proportional to native tobramycin concentration. Background interference was consistently about 10% of the total fluorescence precipitated. Assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect nanogram quantities of tobramycin per assay tube. Correlation coefficients (r) were 0.96 and 0.98 for comparisons of this assay with a microbiological assay and a radioimmunoassay, respectively. Mean analytical recovery was 101% and the CV was less than 10% throughout the therapeutic range. PMID- 7006859 TI - Liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy compared with a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique for determining quinidine in serum. AB - Sera from 67 cardiac patients being treated with quinidine were analyzed for this drug by both a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and a fluorescence procedure (double-extraction method). Of these samples, 47 were also analyzed for quinidine and its major metabolite in serum, (3s)-3-hydroxyquinidine, by liquid chromatography. Results by the EMIT procedure correlated well with those by both the chromatographic and fluorescence procedures, but EMIT gave, on the average, 25% higher values for quinidine than did the chromatographic procedure. The EMIT procedure is therefore not totally specific. (3s)-3-Hydroxyquinidine and dihydroquinidine (a contaminant present in standard quinidine formulations) each show cross reactivity in the EMIT assay for quinidine. Nevertheless, the EMIT assay for quinidine is acceptable for clinical use because these two compounds are also pharmacologically active. PMID- 7006858 TI - Automated enzyme assays by use of a centrifugal analyzer with fluorescence detection. AB - The first commercially available centrifugal analyzer having fluorescence detection capability was used to develop kinetic fluorometric assays for several proteinases. The substrates were all synthetic oligopeptides incorporating 7 amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin, a molecule that can be detected either spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically. We thus compared the centrifugal analyzer spectrophotometric and fluorometric detection systems, finding fluorescence detection to be 50-fold more sensitive. We also compared the sensitivity of the fluorescence detector to that of a conventional spectrofluorometer by determining the minimum detection limit for each enzyme on both instruments; we found them to be similar in sensitivity. As an illustrative application, we measured the cathepsin B-like activity in serum samples from 55 women. The median enzyme activity of women taking oral contraceptives and pregnant women was increased two- and threefold, respectively, over the control group (about 5% CV within run, and 10% CV between runs). PMID- 7006860 TI - Aluminum foil instead of glass plates for thin-layer chromatography in radioenzymic assay. PMID- 7006862 TI - Insulin receptors on erythrocytes and reticulocytes. PMID- 7006861 TI - Effect of hyperlipidemia on homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for thyroxine. PMID- 7006863 TI - Gas chromatography and enzyme immunoassay compared for analysis of disopyramide in plasma. PMID- 7006865 TI - [Clinical evaluation of tamoxifen for advanced and recurrent breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006864 TI - Neonatal maxillary orthopedic device. PMID- 7006866 TI - [Clinical evaluation of enzyme-immunoassay for insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006867 TI - [A study on the determination of plasma renin activity (Pharmacia Kit) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006868 TI - [Prorenin in hog kidney: occurrence and characterization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006869 TI - [Fundamental studies on quantitative measurement of serum thyroxine by competitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006870 TI - [Glucagon immunoassay kit using double antibody method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006871 TI - Identification of heterozygotes for glycogenosis 2 (acid maltase deficiency). AB - In 21 obligate and 9 possible heterozygotes for acid maltase deficiency (AMD) (glycogenosis 2, Pompe's disease), different methods of identifying heterozygotes have been studied. Heterozygosity could not be demonstrated by physical examination, serum CPK assays, morphological examination of muscle biopsy (including light-microscopy, histochemistry and electron-microscopy), or by ultrastructural examination of a skin biopsy. Heterozygotes could be identified to a large, but still limited extent, by measuring the acid alpha-glucosidase activity in urine, cultivated fibroblasts, leucocytes, or skeletal muscle. Heterozygotes for the generalized from of AMD could not be distinguished from those for the muscular form. The limitations of heterozygote identification by means of enzyme assays are discussed, and some practical aspects for genetic counselling are mentioned. PMID- 7006872 TI - Immunologic studies on Werner's syndrome. AB - Five patients with Werner's syndrome were studied to elucidate the relationship between the immune system and the ageing process. Three of five patients had neoplasms such as fibrosarcoma, meningioma and thyroid adenoma but none of the five patients manifested symptoms and signs suggestive of typical autoimmune disorders. Most immunohaematological data were normal; however, two patients exhibited diminished lymphocyte functions such as a significant (P less than 0 . 05) reduction in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced B cell differentiation, a slightly decreased response to Con A- or mitomycin-treated allogeneic lymphocytes and naturally occurring serum antibody to T cells. While these immunological changes were quantitatively small, subnormal levels of immune functions were detected. Cultured fibroblasts exhibited a decrease in clonal growth potentials and elongation of newly synthesized DNA, a decreased expression of HLA antigens, and a diminished secretion of beta 2-microglobulin. PMID- 7006874 TI - Spontaneous antibody-secreting human blood lymphocytes detected with a protein A plaque assay. AB - Spontaneous antibody-secreting lymphocytes in human peripheral blood were detected and counted by a protein A plaque assay. The level of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in peripheral blood was significantly higher in patients with immune disorders (per 10(6) lymphocytes: IgG PFC, 2,654 +/- 684; IgA PFC, 1,727 +/- 327; IgM PFC, 403 +/- 92) than in normal controls (per 10(6) lymphocytes: IgG PFC, 327 +/- 56; IgA PFC 633 +/- 128; IgM PFC, 215 +/- 105). There was no direct correlation between the PFC numbers of different Ig classes. PMID- 7006873 TI - Antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 from birth to 18 months of age: an indicator of intra-uterine infection in leprosy. AB - All babies of three non-leprosy mothers and ten tuberculoid leprosy mothers and four of five babies of mothers with inactive lepromatous leprosy showed a decline in serum concentration of antibodies against M. leprae antigen 7 during the first 4 months of life, as expected from catabolism of maternal IgG. By contrast, ten of twenty babies of mothers with active lepromatous leprosy showed a decline in concentration of anti-M. leprae 7 antibodies considerably less than expected. This indicates that these babies have been stimulated by M. leprae antigen 7, either as free antigen or by viable M. leprae before birth, and thus that leprosy may occur as a congenital infection. Studies of anti-M. leprae antibodies in repeated serum samples obtained during the first 18 months of life indicated that children of mothers with bacilliferous leprosy are frequently exposed to M. leprae to a sufficient extent to stimulate the immune system of the baby to production of anti-M. leprae antibodies during this period. The consequences of this exposure to M. leprae should be ascertained by careful clinical studies. PMID- 7006875 TI - Loss of lysosomal neutral proteinase from leucocytes induced by the action of multiple sclerosis-specific brain antigens. AB - Lysosomal neutral proteinase levels were assayed in leukocytes of patients with other neurological diseases before and after the reaction with MS-specific brain antigens (MSG2). The lysosomal neutral proteinase activity of MS leucocytes was found to be higher than in the two other groups under investigation. To assay the effect of MSG2, 1 x 10(6) leucocytes were incubated with 500 ng of protein MSG2 and with 500 ng of protein of a corresponding fraction from control brain (KG2). Intracellular levels of lysosomal neutral proteinase in leucocytes of all the subjects studied were found to be lowered by the action of both MSG2 and KG2. However, loss of intracellular neutral proteinase induced by the action of MSG2 on all leucocytes was significantly higher than that by KG2 (P less than 0 . 0025). It is suggested that macrophages (monocytes) were stimulated to increased lysosomal enzyme activity, initiated by stimulation of T lymphocytes caused by MS specific brain antigens. PMID- 7006876 TI - Identification of biliary antigens in circulating immune complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The presence of biliary tract antigens in circulating immune complexes from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was investigated. Concentrations of immune complexes in PBC sera, measured by the Raji cell immunoassay, ranged from 58 to greater than 1,000 microgram/ml, but did not correlate with disease activity. Immunofluorescent staining of complexes bound to Raji cells was carried out with guinea-pig antiserum raised against biliary tract antigens. Positive staining reactions were observed with complexes obtained from PBC patients, but not with those obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, indicating that in PBC antigenic components associated with the biliary tract are contained within the complexes. PMID- 7006878 TI - Sequential alterations in the human eosinophil content of arylsulfatase B during therapy of Bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7006877 TI - Results of a thymic epithelial transplant in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and central nervous system lymphoma. PMID- 7006879 TI - Tc-99m-DTPA enema in detection of colon interposition during liver scan. PMID- 7006880 TI - Why is chickenpox called chickenpox? PMID- 7006881 TI - Successful treatment of an institutional outbreak of shigellosis. AB - An outbreak of shigellosis is described in an intermediate care hospital for children, where routine isolation procedures failed to halt the outbreak. Two weeks after the appearance of the first case, small numbers of patients became symptomatic with fever and diarrhea, but remained culture-negative. One week later, two patients with positive cultures were identified, with many other symptomatic patients having negative cultures. Twenty-five days after identification of the first case, there were fourteen cases identified with shigellosis and many more symptomatic patients. It was at that time that hospital wide measures of infection control were instituted, and treatment of all patients, infected and uninfected, was initiated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). No new cases of shigellosis were diagnosed after initiation of treatment, and symptoms abated within 72 hours. PMID- 7006882 TI - Digital plethysmography for assessing erythrityl tetranitrate bioavailability. AB - The bioavailability or oral, sublingual, and chewable tablets or erythrityl tetranitrate (ETN) was evaluated in 15 normal men. In a randomized, complete crossover investigation with nitroglycerin and placebo controls, drug-induced changes in the diastolic amplitude response intensity were measured with a digital plethysmogram. Values for area under the response intensity curve (AUC), maximum response intensity (Imax), and time lapse from dosing to peak response (tmax) were obtained by computer processing and converted to intensity values and AUC segments for specific time intervals. Sublingual nitroglycerin induced a response (p less than 0.05) from placebo within the first hour. Although somewhat slower in reaching peak intensity, all forms of ETN induced significant responses over placebo (p less than 0.05) for 2 hr, with oral (swallowed) ETN different 6 hr. Our results indicate that all the ETN dosage forms were bioavailable, with the longest duration of effect by the oral form. PMID- 7006883 TI - Exercise duration to angina at two and twelve hours after timolol. AB - Eight patients who improved their exercise duration to angina or marked fatigue (greater than or equal to 25%) on timolol 10 to 30 mg twice daily over that on placebo 8 to 14 mo previously were subjects in a double-blind, randomized, crossover 4-wk study of the effect of timolol on exercise duration 2 and 12 hr after medication. One patient was discontinued from the study because unstable angina developed on placebo. Mean exercise duration on timolol over control was increased at 12 hr (p less than 0.02) and at 2 hr ( p less than 0.001) after drug. There was an increase in exercise duration greater than or equal to 25% on timolol over control compared with placebo in three of seven patients (43%) 12 hr after drug and in seven of seven (100%) 2 hr after drug. Timolol 10 to 30 mg twice daily prolongs exercise duration to angina or marked fatigue at 2 hr after drug and in some responders at 12 hr after drug. PMID- 7006884 TI - Analgesic effect of intramuscular and oral nalbuphine in postoperative pain. AB - In a double-blind study using patients' subjective reports as indices of analgesia, the relative analgesic potency of intramuscular and oral nalbuphine was determined in 104 postoperative patients. Effects of single doses of 3 and 9 mg of intramuscular nalbuphine were compared with those of 15- and 45-mg oral doses of nalbuphine by means of a parallel study design (26 patients per treatment group). When both intensity and duration of analgesia are considered (i.e., total analgesic effect), oral nalbuphine is 1/4 to 1/5 as potent as intramuscular nalbuphine. In terms of peak effect, however, oral nalbuphine is only 1/10 as potent. The oral/parenteral potency ratio for total effect is close to those obtained by Houde et al. in studies of morphine (1/6), metopon (1/5), hydromorphone (1/5), and oxymorphone (1/6) and suggests that oral nalbuphine undergoes substantial biotransformation on first pass through gut mucosa and liver. Since intramuscular nalbuphine is approximately equipotent to morphine, it should be feasible to equal the analgesia induced by the usual intramuscular doses of morphine with reasonable oral doses of nalbuphine. Although nalbuphine is a mixed agonist/antagonist analgesic, no psychotomimetic reactions were observed. PMID- 7006885 TI - [The anti-atherosclerotic effect of metformin in the initial phases of diabetes mellitus in adults]. PMID- 7006886 TI - [Essential hypertension with low levels of plasma renin activity: effects of propranolol on aldosteronemia, plasma volume and electrolyte balance]. PMID- 7006887 TI - [Therapy of chronic progessive hepatitis]. PMID- 7006888 TI - [Clinical research on the use of a new benzodiazepine (pinazepam) in gastrointestinal psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 7006889 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of adrenal cortex insufficiency in the aged: presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7006890 TI - Current status of hemoperfusion in toxicology. PMID- 7006891 TI - Hemoperfusion of digoxin intoxication. PMID- 7006892 TI - Hemoperfusion for acute intoxications: con. PMID- 7006893 TI - Clinical experience with ACAC coated charcoal hemoperfusion in acute intoxication. PMID- 7006894 TI - Hemoperfusion in acute drug toxicity. PMID- 7006896 TI - [Prolactin. Physiology and pathology]. PMID- 7006895 TI - Hemoperfusion in drug overdosage: a technique when conservative management is not sufficient. PMID- 7006897 TI - Discriminatory ability of caries diagnosis from bitewing radiographs in caries prophylactic trials. AB - The discriminatory ability of radiological criteria in common use in clinical trials was tested on 99 female teenagers selected from a larger sample taking part in a 3-year caries prophylactic clinical trial. Four radiological caries diagnostic criteria were selected as generally representative of those in current use following a comprehensive review of the literature. A significant preventive effect was evident from the radiographic examination after 3 years. At this time a significant difference between mean DFS increments was recorded when enamel lesions were omitted (P smaller than 0.05). Although preventive treatment effects were evident at all diagnostic levels, the discriminatory abilities differed. The criterion "involvement of amelodentinal junction but not beyond" was most discriminatory. PMID- 7006898 TI - A history of oral hygiene measures. PMID- 7006899 TI - The industrial contribution to safe and effective dentifrices. PMID- 7006900 TI - [From the old notes on Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 7006902 TI - [On research on Florence Nightingale -- a future overview]. PMID- 7006901 TI - [Theodor Fliedner and nursing]. PMID- 7006903 TI - [An encounter with Nightingale]. PMID- 7006905 TI - [The influence of Nightingale on my nursing activities]. PMID- 7006904 TI - [Studies on Nightingale: the role of the matron]. PMID- 7006906 TI - [In preparation of the key words for Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing" - introduction to a humanistic theory]. PMID- 7006908 TI - [50 years of the studies on Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 7006907 TI - [Encounter with Nightingale - a discovery of Nightingale in the field of hospital designs]. PMID- 7006909 TI - [Nightingale's expectation on women - an impression of her writings]. PMID- 7006910 TI - Transmissible drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and their carcasses in Iran. AB - A high prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in populations of Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples and the carcasses of poultry in a University farm. Almost all of the cultures were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin and sulfoamide. Association between antibiotics used for prophylaxis or growth promotion and isolation of E. coli with resistance to these antibiotics was observed. One hundred of 648 (15.43%) of resistant cultures of E. coli isolated from fecal samples and the carcasses were capable of transferring resistance determinants to a laboratory strain of E. coli K-12. PMID- 7006911 TI - Use of PEEP in acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs. AB - This study evaluates the effectiveness of combining mechanical ventilation and 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at the onset of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in dogs. Five cm H2O PEEP applied at the onset of ARDS in oleic acid injured dogs resulted in a decrease in cardiac output (CO). This decrease was accompanied by beneficial effects including a relatively stable SaO2 and PaO2. Control group dogs (receiving mechanical ventilation only) showed a less dramatic changing in CO, but demonstrated a dramatic drop in saturation, compromising oxygen transport of the tissues. Thus, despite decrease in CO experienced by the PEEP group, oxygen extraction at the tissue level remained high. PMID- 7006912 TI - Ventilatory management of life-threatening bronchopleural fistulae. A summary. AB - The loss of a substantial portion of a critically ill patient's inspired tidal volume through a bronchopleural fistula (BPF) may significantly alter the intrapulmonary distribution of ventilation, ventilation-perfusion matching and arterial blood gases. If surgical closure of the fistulous tract is not possible, modifications of traditional ventilatory methods may be necessary to preserve adequate gas exchange. The effect of the methods summarized later in this paper upon the patient's mortality and morbidity has not been rigorously analyzed in a large numbers of patients but has been presented in the case studies referenced. Although these techniques might be considered investigational, they can be justified: (1) in the presence of profound hypoxemia and hypercarbia caused by a large BPF, and (2) when reduced gas loss through the fistula is considered an important part of therapy. All the methods discussed below apply in patients requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, whereas some (as indicated in the text) can be used during spontaneous breathing. PMID- 7006913 TI - Humidification of rapidly flowing gas. AB - Modern ventilatory systems that provide intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) require high rates of flow of dry gases. Because inadequately humidified gas may contribute to respiratory morbidity, the authors conducted a laboratory study of the performance characteristics of four commercially available humidifiers during simulated clinical conditions. Performance was assessed with gases flowing continuously during simulated IMV and during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). A separate investigation assessed the thermal stability of and the resistance to flow through each device. It was found that the performances of the devices tested varied widely. With CMV, three of four humidifiers delivered humidified gas at 37 degrees C; however, with the greater total rate of flow of gas during simulated IMV, only one device provided humidified gas at 37 degrees C. Similarly, the thermal stability of the devices varied widely: two humidifiers' temperatures varied little during the study period; the temperatures on the other two devices varied more than 10 degrees C. The effectiveness of humidification and warming varied inversely with the rate of flow. For all devices, resistance to flow of gas was less than than 5 cm H2O/L . sec at rates of flow less than or equal to 60 L/min. The authors conclude that the performance characteristics of commercially available humidifiers vary widely. PMID- 7006914 TI - Why (not) try PEEP? PMID- 7006915 TI - Low flow continuous positive airway pressure with a modified fresh gas reservoir. AB - To minimize respiratory effort, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) must be applied in a manner that maintains a constant airway pressure. Conventional CPAP circuits depend on relatively high fresh gas flows (FGF) to maintain circuit pressure during inspiration. The authors describe a CPAP circuit employing a "weighted bellows." This simple modification of the conventional gas reservoir allows the FGF to be significantly reduced. In fact, minimal changes in circuit pressure can be achieved with FGF that barely exceeds the patient's minute ventilation. The modified system is compact, mechanically uncomplicated, and simply constructed. PMID- 7006916 TI - Description and clinical evaluation of a new continuous positive airway pressure device. AB - A new CPAP device is described which is simple, lightweight, easily constructed, and not functionally dependent on gravity or valves. The device consists of a conventional T-piece into which a small nozzle is placed opposite, but projecting towards, the patient connection. When a flow of oxygen is delivered through the nozzle, continuous positive pressure within the airway results. The device was evaluated with a mechanical lung model, in human volunteers using various breathing patterns and in intubated patients requiring transport within the hospital. In all three situations, the device provided 7-15 torr end-expiratory pressure and an FIO2 of 0.40-0.90 using oxygen flow rates of 10-30 L/min. The device is safe, reliable, and can be easily adapted to provide IMV when required. Clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 7006917 TI - Temporal responses of functional residual capacity and oxygen tension to changes in positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - PEEP is widely accepted as a therapy for some forms of acute respiratory failure (ARF). PEEP increases functional residual capacity (FRC), decreases intrapulmonary shunt fraction, and improves arterial oxygenation. The time required for FRC and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) to stabilize after an adjustment in the level of PEEP is not clearly established. Therefore, to determine the temporal relationship between PEEP, FRC, and PaO2 after adjusting the level of PEEP, aspiration pneumonitis was produced in swine. The FRC and the PaO2 decreased within seconds after intratracheal instillation of 0.1 N HCl; FRC of all animals was restored to its control value after the application of PEEP, 5 cm H2O, but PaO2 remained low. It was necessary to increase PEEP to 20 cm H2O and FRC to twice the control value to return arterial oxygenation to control levels. After PEEP was applied, an average of 15 sec was required to increase FRC; the less compliant the lung, the more rapid the change. After PEEP was removed, FRC stabilized within an average of 22 sec. When PEEP, 25 cm H2O, was removed, arterial oxygenation decreased suddenly and substantially which suggests that PEEP, especially at higher levels, should not be discontinued, even momentarily, for nonessential maneuvers. PMID- 7006919 TI - Computed tomographic axial, coronal, and sagittal normal abdominal anatomy. PMID- 7006918 TI - Does reduced colloid oncotic pressure increase pulmonary dysfunction in sepsis? AB - Starling's hypothesis of forces governing fluid movement across capillary membranes suggests that any unopposed decrease in intracapillary colloid oncotic pressure (COP) or increase in capillary permeability should result in increased interstitial fluid. Iso-oncotic increase in pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) causes pulmonary dysfunction. Isobaric reduction of COP with normal capillary permeability does not result in pulmonary interstitial edema. Because sepsis is a frequent antecedent of clinical pulmonary dysfunction, the question was asked: does reduction in the COP-PAW gradient in the presence of sepsis result in increased pulmonary dysfunction? Twenty baboons were studied: group 1--control, group 2--4-h constant infusion of E. coli, group 3--plasmapheresis alone, group 4 -plasmapheresis followed by sepsis. Ringer's lactate was infused to keep PAW constant. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases were drawn and the intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT) was calculated. The data were compared using Tukey's HSD test and one way analysis of variance. Plasmapheresis alone resulted in a 68% reduction in COP (15 +/- 2.9 (SD) torr to 4.6 +/- 0.6 in group 3 and 16.5 +/- 4.3 to 5.7 +/- 0.9 in group 4, p less than 0.05). Sepsis resulted in an increase in QS/QT in all septic animals. There was no increased QS/QT in those animals that had sepsis added to plasmapheresis, group 4 (p less than 0.05). These data indicate that sepsis leads to pulmonary dysfunction but that this dysfunction appears to be independent of colloid oncotic forces. PMID- 7006920 TI - Radiological evaluation of renal vein thrombosis. PMID- 7006921 TI - The post-trauma chest film. PMID- 7006922 TI - Scars without wounds: spectrum of delayed manifestations of histoplasmosis outside of the endemic area. AB - This short series represents a spectrum of histoplasmosis usually described only in places where the infection is nearly universal. In fact, most of the patients in this series were born in such places (17 of 19 patients with complicated presentations; 2 had recent suspicious exposures). As young adults, they had moved away to pursue military life, usually in coastal areas where the evidence of infection with H. capsulatum is a statistical rarity. The implications of these observations are straightforward. At the clinical level, they focus on histoplasmosis as a possible cause of pulmonary, mediastinal, or other lesions of obscure etiology, whether or not the patient has recently lived in "the endemic area". The simple determination of CF gamma titers may heighten the index of suspicion, especially when not confounded by skin testing with histoplasmin, a practice which rarely provides useful information. [Table: see text] With regard to pathogenesis, it seems noteworthy that common form of histoplasmosis was not seen in this brief experience. That is the "marching cavity" described by Goodwin and Des Prez, and other forms of chronic cavitary disease. The absence of such lesions is consonant with the view that they require continuous exogenous infection for their development. As for the forms of histoplasmosis which were seen in this series, it appears that most of the illnesses developed outside of what is usually considered endemic areas. The term endemic, as construed medically, has been defined as "restricted to and constantly present in a particular country or locality". Such a construction is unduly pedantic and rigid for clinicians. A more probabilistic view is needed, with attention to the possible role of inapparent infection early in life and of environmental foci of infection in places where the organism is not notoriously present. The mobile nature of our society makes it likely that the radiographic manifestations of once-regional diseases such as this one will be encountered more generally than in the past. PMID- 7006923 TI - Medical images: past, present, and future. PMID- 7006924 TI - The use of monoclonal antibody techniques in the study of development cell surfaces. PMID- 7006926 TI - Antiserum to myosin and its use in studying myosin synthesis and accumulation during myogenesis. PMID- 7006925 TI - The ABH blood groups and development. PMID- 7006927 TI - Immunological approaches to the study of myogenesis and lens fiber junction formation. PMID- 7006930 TI - Human chromosome 11 is syntenic with human specific fibronectin production in human x mouse cell hybrids. AB - Evidence is presented indicating that human chromosome 11 carries a structural locus for fibronectin (FN). A panel of cell hybrids of FN fiber-producing normal human diploid cells fused with mouse A9 cells were immunofluorescence stained with species-specific, affinity purified antibodies to human FN (AHFN); similar anti-mouse FN antibodies (AMFN); and the nonspecies-specific anti-FN antiserum (AFN) which was used in an earlier study of this same hybrid panel (Eun and Klinger, 1980). All hybrids that had the human 11 produced extracellular fibers that fluoresced brightly when reacted with the AHFN and AFN. All other human chromosomes could be eliminated as being related to FN production, suggesting that the 11 caries a structural FN locus. This agrees with our earlier study in which a nonspecies-specific antiserum was used and with the preliminary report of Smith et al. (1979), who used a different cell system. The apparent discrepancy between these results and those of Owerbach et al. (1978), who reported synteny of FN with the human No. 8, was partly resolved in that one of their FN positive hybrids was found to react with our AMFN but not with the AHFN, suggesting that some other as yet undefined mechanism may be operating in their hybrids which were made with mouse LM/TK- cells. The parental mouse A9 cells of our hybrids do not produce FN fibers, although a radioimmunoassay detects a small amount of mouse FN secreted into the medium. The fibers of some of our AHFN positive hybrids also react weakly with AMFN, but none react only with AMFN. This suggests that fibers produced by these hybrids bind some mouse as well as human FN. Why this is not so in all the producers is not clear. PMID- 7006929 TI - Immunology and developmental biology: summary and concluding remarks. PMID- 7006928 TI - Early stages of lymphocyte development. PMID- 7006931 TI - Platelets and atherosclerosis. A review on the role of platelets in atherosclerosis with special reference to the role of polyunsaturated 20 carbon fatty acids. PMID- 7006932 TI - Bacterial infections after renal transplantation. Relationship between pre transplant bacterial culture and post-transplant infection. PMID- 7006933 TI - Pruritus and xerosis in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7006934 TI - Declamping acidemia in major vascular surgery. PMID- 7006935 TI - Increased serum and urinary calcitonin levels in patients with pulmonary disease. AB - Serum and urinary calcitonin levels were measured in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. Using both carboxyl terminal and midportion antisera, the incidence of increased immunoreactive values of this hormone was 68 percent for patients with emphysema, 59 percent for tuberculosis, and 89 percent for acute bacterial pneumonitis. In order to determine the source of the high levels of calcitonin, immunoperoxidase stains were made of sections of human lung; the hormone was found within the bronchial Kultschitzky cell (K cell). This suggests a specific endocrine role for the K cell, and may explain not only the high calcitonin levels in patients with inflammatory lung disease, but also the high levels associated with both carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma, which may originate from K cells. It is apparent that moderately high levels of calcitonin in a patient with pulmonary disease cannot always be associated with tumor. PMID- 7006937 TI - [Left thoracic approach in carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Technics and results]. AB - Of 137 patients operated on for adenocarcinoma at the esophageal-gastric junction by left-sided thoracotomy, only 25% were resectable radically, 25% relatively radically. Because of local or distant metastases the tumor was resectable palliatively in 36% of all patients. The 3-year-survival rate after curative resection is 38%. The left-sided approach to a cardia tumor allows good survey and enables radical resection and lymphonodulectomy. The complication rate is lower than after abdominothoracic incision. PMID- 7006936 TI - [Difficulties and failures in hip prosthesis in inveterate traumatic hip dislocation]. PMID- 7006938 TI - [Influence of surgery and hemodilution on the colloid osmotic pressure]. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure was measured pre- and postoperatively in 75 patients. It could be demonstrated that the level of the colloid osmotic pressure inaccurately corresponded to the serum protein concentration. This fact can be neglected in those patients that are infused for short-term periods. However, many patients receive large amounts of colloids during long-term parenteral nutrition and in those cases an abnormal increase of plasma volume has to be expected. This might be harmful to the cardiopulmonary function and can be avoided by infusing colloids according to the level of the colloid osmotic pressure. PMID- 7006939 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. The classification of cancer of the rectum. PMID- 7006941 TI - Effects of insulin and glucagon on the uptake of amino acids from arterial blood by canine ileum. AB - Insulin and glucagon have variable effects in altering arteriovenous differences for amino acids and glucose in liver and muscle. It has not been determined whether these hormones may similarly affect intestine. Acute effects of intraarterial insulin and glucagon were evaluated in in situ, luminally cleansed ileal segments in anesthetized, fasted dogs. Insulin significantly increased th ileal uptake of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, threonine, and serine from arterial blood: uptake of these amino acids was approximately doubled 45 min after the end of the insulin infusion. Insulin had no effect on glucose uptake or release. Glucagon decreased ileal glutamate release into mesenteric venous blood 45 min after the end of infusion but the uptake or release of other amino acids and ammonia was not changed. Glucagon did increase mesenteric blood flow acutely and caused a net release of glucose into mesenteric venous blood. The results indicate that insulin and glucagon directly after metabolism of the ileum in vivo. PMID- 7006940 TI - Insulin and myoelectric activity of the small intestine of the pig. AB - The effect of insulin on the myoelectric activity of the small intestine was determined in conscious pigs. Animals were implanted with electrodes along the small intestine, a strain gage on the stomach and catheters in both saphenous arteries. Feeding modified the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), a cyclic pattern of action potential activity of the small intestine characteristic of fasting. The first period of regular spiking activity (RSA) on the duodenum after feeding was delayed and was not followed by quiescence. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations during the first three MMC after feeding were highest just before periods of duodenal RSA. Injection or infusion of insulin into fasted pigs with production of hypoglycemia caused disruption of stomach motility and duodenal electrical activity. The duodenal MMC was not altered when glucose to prevent hypoglycemia was infused together with insulin or when glucose was infused alone. These studies suggest that insulin is not directly responsible for the postprandial modification of MMC activity as insulin infusions only modify the MMC when hypoglycemia occurs. PMID- 7006943 TI - Hemoglobin A1c levels in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. AB - Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured as an indicator of glucose control in 180 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus who received two daily injections of insulin as part of a highly structured treatment program. A total of 426 HbA1c determinations was made in the group of 180 patients. HbA1c values were elevated in most patients despite the aggressive treatment. The HbA1c level was very elevated at diagnosis, fell to near normal after 60-90 days of insulin therapy, increased gradually, and reached a plateau after approximately 4 yr duration (at about twice the level in normal subjects) (mean +/- SEM, 10.0 +/- 0.2% and 5.34 +/- 0.07%, respectively). Mean insulin dose (U/kg/24 h) paralleled both HbA1c and duration of diabetes. The relationship between endogenous insulin secretion and glucose control was examined in those patients with diabetes for longer than 5 yr. Patients were separated into three groups based on HbA1c levels: those with HbA1c less than 9% (N = 22), between 9 and 11% (N = 26), and greater than 11% (N = 28). Serum C-peptide and glucose concentrations were measured 2 h after a standard breakfast in those patients in the "low" and "high" HbA1c groups (mean HbA1c values 8.2% and 12.7%, respectively). C-peptide was detectable in all patients and the mean C-peptide levels did not differ significantly in the two groups, although postprandial glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the "low" HbA1c group (means +/- SEM, 96 +/- 11 and 211 +/- 21 mg/dl, respectively; P less than 0.001). PMID- 7006944 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus: correlations with fasting plasma glucose, serum lipids, and glycosuria. AB - The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GlHb), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urine glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were monitored in several hundred patients attending an adult diabetic clinic. Thirty-five percent of the patients were being treated with insulin, 30% with diet alone, and 20% with sulfonylurea. Therapy was changed during the study in the remaining 15%. The levels of GlHb and FPG were significantly lower in the patients treated with diet alone than in the other groups. The overall coefficient of correlation (r) between FPG and GlHb was 0.64, with the highest r (0.70) for the diet group and the lowest r (0.55) for the insulin group. A follow-up study showed that in about 50% of the patients GlHb and FPG levels changed in different directions from one visit to the next. The absence of glycosuria was noted in two-thirds of the patients, while in 78% of the patients GlHb values were above the normal range. A weak but positive correlation was found between GlHb and serum triglycerides and cholesterol. There was no significant correlation between GlHb and HDL cholesterol. The HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in male than in female diabetic subjects, but no significant difference was found between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects of the same sex. The results of this study suggest that (1) although there is a positive correlation between GlHb and FPG, the two tests cannot be used interchangeably in the evaluation of diabetic control; and (2) in the majority of the patients the absence of glycosuria tends to create the false assurance of satisfactory blood glucose control. PMID- 7006946 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7006945 TI - Contraception for the insulin-dependent diabetic woman: the view from one clinic. AB - Experience in a large diabetic clinic has confirmed the suspicion that insulin dependent diabetic women are at considerably increased risk of thromboembolic disease if they take combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptive preparations. The most obvious alternative, an intrauterine device, is associated with an unexpectedly high failure rate, probably because of an unusual metabolic interaction with the diabetic endometrium. In a small group of diabetic women the progestogen-only pill was found to be a successful form of contraception not associated with any side effects except for menstrual irregularities. For most diabetic women the choice of contraceptive should therefore be between a progestogen-only pill and a mechanical method. Female sterilization and injectable progesterone each have their place in particular circumstances. Careful counseling of each patient is essential to ensure the best choice of contraceptive and correct application of the chosen method. PMID- 7006947 TI - The adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7006948 TI - [Hematopoietic origin of peritoneal mast cells]. PMID- 7006949 TI - Corticosteroids can prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7006942 TI - What's new in the esophagus. PMID- 7006950 TI - [Rubella screening of dried infant blood by the hemolysis in gel test using paper filter]. PMID- 7006952 TI - [100 years of German-Japanese cooperation]. PMID- 7006951 TI - [Pigeon breeder's lung]. PMID- 7006953 TI - [Bacteriological investigations of swabs from the genital tract for the organism of the contagious equine metritis (CEM) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006954 TI - [A report on the regulation of feed intake by horses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006956 TI - [An extreme congenital papillomatosis of a piglet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006957 TI - [Veterinarians who moved to Finland in the 19th century and were licensed there]. PMID- 7006955 TI - [Biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), phylloquinone (2-methyl-3 phytylnaphtoquinone, vitamin K1) and other prenylquinones in plants. On the problem of inability of the biosynthesis in animals--a survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006958 TI - [Lameness caused by laminitis (penetrating circular cleft) in all hoofs of a cow]. PMID- 7006960 TI - [Variations in the clinical appearance of certain infectious diseases under the influence of management changing in swine keeping farms of the Netherlands (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006959 TI - [Maintenance and breeding of bisons in Germany]. PMID- 7006961 TI - [Synchronized oestrus induction in mother sows and rearing piglets under the influence of MAP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006962 TI - [Clinical and endocrinological characteristics of normal and induced parturition in sows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006963 TI - [Teat deficiencies in pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006964 TI - [Biochemical investigations on the blood serum of piglets with colibacillosis (edema disease) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006965 TI - [Cystitis and pyelonephritis in sows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006966 TI - [Investigations on heritability of some morphometric and biomechanical traits of the joint cartilage of the epiphysis in swine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006967 TI - [The development of pig health control in Germany until 1945 and in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006968 TI - [A practical method for the bloodless measurement of the blood pressure on pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006969 TI - [Guaranty examination for breeding ability in young boars in Bavaria in the period of 1974-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006970 TI - [Experiences on compatibility of prophylactic vaccination against swine erysipelas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006971 TI - [A contribution to the diagnosis of swine dysentery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006972 TI - [Clinical view on transport losses and diminished meat quality in slaughter pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006974 TI - [Consequences of false positive results in disease monitoring of breeding herds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006973 TI - [Relations between egg-excretion of gastrointestinal strongylides and the condition of brood-sows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006975 TI - [Atrophic rhinitis in pigs: results of an eradication program in the Weser-Ems District since 1971 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006976 TI - [Necrotizing gingivitis and cheilitis in the suckling pig]. PMID- 7006977 TI - [Control of birth: about the influence on partus, puerperium, and rate of conception following the injection of flumethasone/dexamethasone (corticoids) and Planipart (beta-adrenergic agent) in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006978 TI - [Epidemiology and control of wildlife rabies-analysis of potential causes for the vigorous reduction of the badger (Meles meles) population in Hesse 1952 till 1977 (FRG) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006979 TI - [Treatment of intoxications with organophosphates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006980 TI - [A case of cheilognathopalatoschisis lateralis in a foal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006983 TI - [Biological criteria of a species specific wild animal maintenance in the zoo]. PMID- 7006981 TI - [Man-animal relationship from an ethical, sociological and psychological point of view, its significance to animal protection request in animal experimentations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006982 TI - [Survival capacity of chlamydiae and Coxiella burnetii under environmental conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006984 TI - [Fertility of cows following superovulation and flushing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006985 TI - [Telemetric measurement of the vagina temperature of cows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006986 TI - [Methodic aspects of creatine-kinase-test (CK-test) in pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006987 TI - [Basis and importance of bacterial resistance to antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006988 TI - [On the terminology and importance of overflow activities in animals--a definition of a standpoint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006989 TI - [Reproduction in goats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006991 TI - [Local intravenous anaesthesia in the teat surgery of cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006990 TI - [Fluoride resorption and retention from brick-dust by lactating cows fed over one year period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006992 TI - [Quantitative investigations of the bacterial germ content of the sedimentation dust in two pig fattening houses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006994 TI - [The professional connected pension- and welfare-fund after 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006996 TI - [Hair shedding and replacement in domestic mammals.--3. Hair shedding and replacement in sheep and goat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7006993 TI - [Effects of Merle factor on the optic area in the dog]. PMID- 7006995 TI - [X-ray findings of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse]. PMID- 7006997 TI - [Spreading of free-living stages of parasites by municipal wastewater (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007000 TI - [Adhesion values of conical crowns]. PMID- 7006999 TI - [Inaccuracies in molding angular objects]. PMID- 7006998 TI - Neurofilaments in the chick embryo during early development. I. Immunofluorescent study with antisera to neurofilament protein. AB - The time of appearance of neurofilament protein was determined by indirect immunofluorescence in the chick. Immunofluorescence first appeared in 3-day embryos as a peripheral layer on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the spinal cord and hindbrain. Concomitant with a marked thickening of this layer on the ventrolateral surface of the neural tube, neurofibrils were seen emerging from the cord and the myelencephalon. The immunofluorescent layer could be followed rostrally on the surface of the brain up to the mesencephalic flexure. In this location a large bundle of fibrils was observed emerging from the ventral surface of the mesencephalon. The posterior root ganglia and inner layer of the retina were intensely immunofluorescent on day 4. In the following days of development the spinal cord and ganglia assumed a mature configuration. The appearance of the anterior horns on the 6th day was remarkably segmental, the anterior horns being detected in alternate sections in a series of transverse serial section. PMID- 7007001 TI - [Comparative studies of the reproducibility of eccentric position registration with Lauritzen's technic]. PMID- 7007002 TI - [Frequency of caries-related sequelae in the unsupervised use of a removable partial denture]. PMID- 7007004 TI - [Fixation possibilities with adaptation plates in skin and mucosal grafts]. PMID- 7007003 TI - [Results of heightening the the atrophied mandible with a pelvic bone graft]. PMID- 7007005 TI - [Temporomandibular joint treatment as a preprosthetic measure]. PMID- 7007006 TI - [Bases of functional periodontal therapy through splinting measures]. PMID- 7007007 TI - [Acid etching technic problems in splinting using composite interdental bridges and the bracket adhesive technic]. PMID- 7007008 TI - [Occlusion and sound: studies on phonognathography]. PMID- 7007009 TI - [Progress in the study of gingival turgor]. PMID- 7007010 TI - [Lateral sliding flaps: a modified surgical technic]. PMID- 7007011 TI - [Proposals to improve veneered crowns and pontics via the mechanical and geometrical shape]. PMID- 7007012 TI - [Plastic veneering: a problem of the material and of the design]. PMID- 7007014 TI - [Hygienic aspects in prosthetic treatment procedures]. PMID- 7007013 TI - [Hygiene in dental practice with consideration of prostheses (introduction)]. PMID- 7007015 TI - [Bending behavior of fused structures]. PMID- 7007016 TI - [Marginal seal of cast crowns]. PMID- 7007018 TI - Preparation of smooth muscle cell suspensions from the rabbit oviduct and prostaglandin binding analysis. AB - The preparation, viability, and prostaglandin (PG) binding characteristics of dispersed smooth muscle cells from the rabbit oviduct have been determined. Cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic degradation of the intracellular matrix and subsequent mechanical dispersion with a wide bore pipette. The digestion media consisted of a modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, pH 7.1, containing 1.6 U/mg wet wt elastase and 8 U/mg wet wt collagenase. This method provided a yield of single smooth muscle cells of approximately 3 x 10(6) cells/100 mg wet wt within 3-4 h of organ removal. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion, retention of lactate dehydrogenase, absence of 57Co-EDTA uptake, and ouabain sensitivity of cationic transport. Roughly 80% of the isolated cells remained viable after the digestion procedure. The dispersed cells specifically bound [3H]PGE2 and [3H]PGF2 alpha. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed separate homogenous populations of high affinity sites for both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. The equilibrium dissociation constants and total sites per cell were 0.55 nM and 11,332 for PGE2 and 0.19 nM and 5,154 for PGF2 alpha, respectively. Specific labeled PG binding was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by increasing amounts of unlabeled PG. Inhibition of labeled PGE2 binding by unlabeled PGF2 alpha, and vice versa were negligible, except at high concentrations. The results indicate that smooth muscle cells can be enzymatically dispersed from the rabbit oviduct with minimal damage. Also, these cells possess distinct specific binding sites for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha that differ in regard to affinity and total number of sites per cell. PMID- 7007017 TI - Biological potency and uterine estrogen receptor interactions of the metabolites of the antiestrogens CI628 and U23,469. PMID- 7007019 TI - The capacity of the antiestrogen CI-628 to activate the estrogen receptor in vitro. PMID- 7007020 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH agonist termination of pregnancy in hypophysectomized rats: extrapituitary site of action. PMID- 7007021 TI - Diurnal variations in plasma insulin and growth hormone associated with two stages of lactation in high producing dairy cows. AB - Plasma concentrations of GH, insulin, glucose, and FFA were measured in high yielding dairy cows at periods of peak milk production and later during periods of increased feed intake. During each period, five cows were prepared with indwelling jugular catheters, and blood was sampled at 10-min intervals for 24 h, followed by hourly sampling for an additional 24 h. During early lactation (30 days post partum), the plasma GH concentration was elevated (13.2 ng/ml) compared to that in later lactation (90 days post partum; 9.8 ng/ml). This increased GH status was due to a greater magnitude of individual secretory spikes (27.3 vs. 20.2 ng/ml) rather than a difference in the frequency of spikes or in baseline plasma levels of GH. As lactation progressed from 30-90 days post partum, milk yield decreased, feed intake increased, and overall plasma concentration of insulin increased (17.3 vs. 29.3 microU/ml), reflecting both an elevated magnitude of hormone secretory spikes (30.2 vs. 55.2 microU/ml) and an elevated baseline concentration (16.8 vs. 27.3 microU/ml). The short term repeatability of overall mean and total 24-h GH and insulin secretion in lactating cows was demonstrated as well as the uniqueness of individual cow GH secretory patterns. Significant differences were not found in either glucose or FFA concentrations between lactation periods. Increased GH and decreased insulin during early lactation are likely to promote the mobilization of adipose tissue stores needed to supplement dietary energy consumption. PMID- 7007022 TI - Decrease of blood glucose, liver glycogen, and insulin and changes in glucose tolerance in suckling rats treated neonatally with high L-thyroxine doses. AB - The neo-T4 syndrome was induced by sc administration of high doses (30 microgram) of L-T4 (T4) during 5 consecutive days in the early postnatal period. Rats were injected starting on the 3rd or 6th day of life. Blood glucose and insulin levels as well as liver glycogen levels were determined between the 5th and 20th days of life. This covers the critical period for brain development (the 7th to 12th day) during which most myelination takes place. Blood glucose and insulin and liver glycogen started to decrease after the second injection of T4 and remained quite low until 2 days after the last injection. Glucose tolerance testing was performed on 8- and 12-day-old neo-T4 rats; treatment was started at 3 days of age. After 70 min of fasting, 200 mg glucose/100 g BW were injected ip. Low plasma insulin levels were found after a glucose load. Plasma ketone bodies were higher in neo-T4 rats than in controls after 4 or 5 days of treatment. The rats appeared to be in a severe catabolic state and were using up their reserves. These alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in suckling rats should be considered when interpreting the brain damage produced by large doses of T4 during the early neonatal period. PMID- 7007023 TI - Hybridization histochemistry: use of recombinant DNA as a "homing probe" for tissue localization of specific mRNA populations. AB - A procedure, termed hybridization histochemistry, has been developed to locate in specially prepared whole sections of tissue those areas which contain specific mRNA populations. Three 32P-labelled recombinant DNA probes were used; one complementary to endorphin mRNA, one complementary to growth hormone mRNA and one a fragment of bacterial DNA. The specific cell populations or tissue regions binding the probe were identified by autoradiography. Hybridization histochemistry is thus similar in principle to immunohistochemical procedures. The endorphin probe consistently labelled the rat pituitary pars intermedia which is known to be particularly rich in the corresponding mRNA. Likewise the growth hormone probe specifically labelled the anterior pituitary. Control tissues were not labelled by either probe, nor did the bacterial DNA probe significantly label any tissue, providing further evidence of the specificity of the procedure. These results, which are highly reproducible, indicate that the mRNA species for endorphin and growth hormone are present in whole sections of pituitary in a physical state which leaves them accessible to cDNA probes. This initial success provides encouragement that hybridization histochemistry, with further refinement, should have wide applicability in the localization and semi quantitative analysis of intracellular mRNA in whole frozen sections of tissue. PMID- 7007026 TI - Desensitization to gonadotropin-releasing hormone observed in superfused pituitary cells on Cytodex beads. AB - Chronic exposure to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vivo eventually results in a failure to maintain maximal gonadotropin secretion, suggesting a loss of pituitary responsiveness. To examine changes in pituitary sensitivity in vitro, we have developed a superfusion technique in which dissociated rat anterior pituitary cells are attached to Cytodex beads. In this system, continuous administration of 30 nM GnRH caused an initial 20-fold increase in LH and FSH secretion rates. However, hormone secretion declined rapidly, reaching basal levels within 12 h. Both the calcium ionophore A23187 and the cocarcinogen phorbol myristate acetate were effective in releasing additional LH and FSH from cells made refractory to 30 nM GnRH, whereas higher doses of GnRH and 8-bromo cAMP were minimally active. A rapid loss of response was also seen with a superactive GnRH agonist but was not observed with a GnRH antagonist. Desensitization to prolonged superfusion with phorbol myristate acetate was also observed, although these cells remained sensitive to GnRH. In contrast to the development of tolerance produced by continuous exposure to GnRH, repeated delivery of GnRH in a pulsatile fashion maintained pituitary responsiveness for more than 24 h. A priming effect was observed for both LH and FSH. Such results demonstrate that continuous, but not intermittent, exposure to GnRH is capable of producing desensitization in superfused anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 7007024 TI - Energy-dependent steps in insulin-hepatocyte interaction. PMID- 7007025 TI - Possible role of prolactin in the inhibitory effect of estradiol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in the rat. AB - Acute estradiol benzoate (EB) administration to intact adult male rats reduced basal and hCG-stimulated plasma testosterone (T) levels and decreased basal and LHRH-stimulated LH levels. Long term EB administration had similar effects on T levels. Basal LH levels were more markedly depressed than during short term administration, but the response to LHRH stimulation was increased. PRL levels were significantly elevated during both short and long term EB treatment. Hyperprolactinemia induced by grafting two pituitaries of littermate donors under the kidney capsule of a male adult intact rat was associated with reduced basal and LHRH-stimulated LH levels and reduced T responses to hCG. The administration of bromocriptine to EB-treated rats prevented the increase in serum PRL in response to estrogen and restored normal LH responses to LHRH and T responses to hCG. This suggests that PRL may play an intermediary role in the inhibitory effect of estrogens on pituitary-testicular function. PMID- 7007027 TI - Activation of rat plasma renin. AB - Three distinct molecular weight species of active renin, with apparent molecular weights of more than 150,000, 65,000, and 43,000 are present in the plasma of conscious rats. After acute in vivo renin stimulation (ether anesthesia and hemorrhage), however, only the low molecular weight form could be detected. If, on the other hand, when diabutal was given and the duration of anesthesia was extended to 1 h to allow the active plasma renin level to return toward control, two species of renin were observed (greater than 150,000 and 43,000). Acid dialysis (pH 3.3) of normal plasma resulted in a significant increase in renin concentration, confirming the presence of an inactive renin (prorenin) in this species. Acid dialysis was shown to induce a decrease in the relative proportion of the high molecular weight form of the enzyme (greater than 150,000), with a concomitant increase in the 43,000 molecular weight species. Dialysis to pH 1.5 of plasma from 30-h nephrectomized rats to inactivate renin and destroy renin substrate resulted in the generation of an acid-stable factor which, when added to normal rat plasma, caused renin activation at pH 7.4. This renin- and renin substrate-free dialysate (pH 1.5) did not, however, alter the rate of angiotensin I generation when added to plasma samples devoid of inactive renin. Activation of renin in normal plasma could also be induced at pH 7.4 by the addition of plasma from nephrectomized rats which had previously been dialyzed to pH 3.3. These results indicate that the activation of renin by acid dialysis is not directly mediated by acid conditions and confirm the existence of an endogenous plasma factor which, after acid dialysis, is capable of converting inactive to active renin. PMID- 7007028 TI - Relationship between circulating estrogens and the central mechanisms by which ovarian steroids stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion in aged and young female rats. PMID- 7007029 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of androgen-binding protein in the male rat reproductive tract. AB - The localization of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in the reproductive tract of young adult male rats was studied with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using frozen sections and light microscopy. Within the seminiferous tubules, a positive reaction was noted in the apical portion of the epithelium, apparently in spermatids and/or Sertoli cells. ABP was localized in granules in the apical cytoplasm of the principal epithelial cells of the proximal part of the caput epididymis and in the epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes. The cells in the distal part of the caput as well as the corpus and cauda of the epididymis did not contain ABP. Numerous coated vesicles and multivesicular bodies were present in the supranuclear cytoplasm of the epididymal epithelium where ABP was taken up. The results indicate that ABP is taken up from the lumen by epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes and proximal part of the caput epididymis. PMID- 7007030 TI - An evaluation of the importance of lysosomal and neutral cytosol proteases in insulin degradation by adipocytes. PMID- 7007033 TI - Twenty-four-hour variations of plasma pancreatic polypeptide, insulin and glucagon in normal human subjects. AB - Twenty-four-hour variations of plasma hPP levels together with plasma glucose, IRI and GI levels were studied in four normal human subjects. Before examination, their food intakes were strictly controlled during two days' hospitalization. Plasma hPP values were assayed by a radioimmunoassay. They showed sharp peaks after each meal. Mean levels of hPP just prior to breakfast were 88 +/- 26 pg/ml (SEM), and the peak values of the plasma hPP one hour after each meal were 307 +/ 124 pg/ml, 398 +/- 77 pg/ml, and 544 +/- 118 pg/ml, respectively. During the nocturnal sleeping period the hPP levels were stable and returned to the fasting level of the previous morning. IRI increased significantly after each meal, but no significant change was found in plasma GI levels. PMID- 7007032 TI - A method for studying the enteroinsular axis in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats. AB - A method for studying the enteroinsular axis of rats under conditions comparable to those in experiments on human subjects was developed by chronically implanting an oral tube and two cardiac catheters into rats. These implantations were easy to perform and made it possible to give glucose and other stimulatory agents orally and/or intravenously and to take sequential blood samples without anesthetizing the rats or disturbing their movements. In this way, it was possible to confirm that oral loads of glucose and fat potentiate the insulin response induced by hyperglycemia. PMID- 7007031 TI - Bartter's syndrome: effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins, urinary kallikrein, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the response to angiotensin II antagonist. PMID- 7007034 TI - Toward monitoring specific DNA lesions in the gene by using pollen systems. AB - Specific gene systems expressed in cereal pollen could contribute uniquely to the problem of monitoring our environment for mutagens. This paper considers the development of a mutagen monitor with quantitative endpoints that reflect particular types of lesions at the DNA level, and lesions in particular components of the gene. PMID- 7007038 TI - Surface labeling of membrane glycoproteins and their drastic changes during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Surface glycoproteins on plasma membranes from Dictyostelium discoideum were labeled by sodium metaperiodate oxidation and sodium boro[3H]hydride reduction. The amount of incorporation of tritium from NaB3H4 reached a plateau after 10 min at a periodate concentration of 20 mM. The density analysis carried out by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation showed that the plasma membranes were selectively labeled by this technique. About 84% of the radioactivity incorporated was released by hydrolysis with 0.25 M H2SO4 for 3 h at 100 degrees C. The released materials were eluted at a bed volume after chromatography using a Sephadex G-50 column. From the paper chromatographic analysis of the eluate, four radioactive spots were detected. Two of them were glycerol and glyceraldehyde and the other two spots seemed to be oligosaccharides. Using the above method, the plasma membranes from aggregation-phase cells were labeled four times more than those from growth-phase cells. The labeled plasma membrane fraction during the aggregation phase was separated into at least 39 distinct glycoprotein bands on a one-dimensional dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel. Six of the 39 bands increased markedly in density and two new bands appeared. In contrast, four bands decreased in density in the aggregation phase. Using this method, the surface glycoproteins can be analyzed directly be gel electrophoresis of the lysate of labeled whole cells without preparing the plasma membranes. Changes during development of glycoproteins on outer cell surfaces were also confirmed by O'Farrell's method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Utilizing this technique, glycoproteins on plasma membranes of D. discoideum were separated into 63 individual spots; 45 of these 63 spots changed during the early developmental course of D. discoideum. This is in contrast to the slight change in the soluble and membrane proteins during this phase. This fact also suggests that the glycoproteins have important roles in the process of aggregation. PMID- 7007037 TI - Spontaneous dissociation of a cytochrome core and a biglobular flavoprotein after mild trypsinolysis of the bifunctional Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavocytochrome b2. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavocytochrome b2 is known as a bifunctional enzyme which behaves as the association of an FMN flavodehydrogenase with its specific acceptor, a b5-like cytochrome. Mild trypsinolysis gives rise to three complementary fragments (n, X, beta'), both prosthetic groups being still bound. After such proteolysis the separation of a biglobular flavoprotein domain (carrying FMN) from a cytochrome domain (with the heme) is obtained by molecular sieving under non-denaturing conditions. The marked lack of affinity between the tetrameric flavoprotein (X, beta')4 and the monomeric cytochrome core (n) leads to the hypothesis that the two domains are not tightly associated in the native molecule and might more relative to each other. Their respective mobility is possibly required for the catalytic mechanism. The comparison with previous trypsinolysis studies on the flavocytochrome b2 from Hansenula anomala suggests the presence of two common zones of hypersensitivity to proteases, along the protomeric polypeptide chain, and strongly supports the validity of the triglobular model for both flavocytochromes. PMID- 7007036 TI - Adh locus in maize for detection of mutagens in the environment. AB - The advantages of the maize Adh system for low level mutagenesis studies are discussed. They include high mutation rate and the availability of both a strong selection system for null mutants and a sensitive method for detection of variants. The null selection involves treatment of pollen with allyl alcohol which is converted by the Adh enzyme to the toxic acrylaldehyde. Adh variants can be detected by alteration in affinity for phytic acid as well as thermal stability and electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 7007035 TI - Determination of selenium in the environment and in biological material. AB - This paper reviews the following problems, sampling, decomposition procedures and most important analytical methods used for selenium determination, e.g., neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and x-ray fluorescence. This review covers the literature mainly from 1975 to 1977. PMID- 7007040 TI - Inhibition studies in situ of yeast catalases. AB - The catalase activity of the intact yeast cells towards external substrate is generally lower than the 'cryptic' activity which is revealed after cell lysis. The physiological basis for the reduced catalytic activity of the intact cell ('patent' activity) has been investigated by establishing the inhibition profiles of catalases in situ using selected probes; to this end we utilized either non penetrating acids and/or catalase poisons able to cross the plasmic membrane. Owing to the peculiar features of the reaction mechanism, competitive inhibitors, which are known to interact with the prosthetic group of catalases, show an efficiency that is unlinked to the hydrogen peroxide concentration under the usual assay conditions ([H2O2] much less than Km). This mode of interaction, which also characterizes the action of the penetrating probes HCOOH and HCN, is particularly well adapted to the study of the behaviour of the cytoplasmic catalases in situ. By this experimental approach, it has been shown that the catalase of the inner cellular region contributes, together with an isoenzyme present at the cell surface, to the patent activity. The mathematical processing of the data, which takes into account a rate-limiting diffusion of external substrate into the intact yeast cell, has allowed us to predict accurately the resulting apparent efficiency of inhibitors as a function of the physiological variations of the intracellular enzyme concentration. PMID- 7007039 TI - complete amino-acid sequence of a non-neurotoxic, non-enzymatic phospholipase A2 homolog from the venom of the Australian tiger snake Notechis scutatus scutatus. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of Notechis II-1, a non-neurotoxic, non enzymatic phospholipase A2 homolog from the venom of the Australian tiger snake Notechis s. scutatus has been determined. The protein consists of a single chain of 119 amino acids. The main fragmentation of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated derivative was accomplished by cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Tryptic peptides were used to align and complete the sequence, which was determined mainly by automated Edman degradation. Notechis II-1 contains all of the residues that appear to be invariant in elapid and pancreatic phospholipases A2 except at position 30 in the sesquence, where an otherwise invariant glycine is replaced by serine. PMID- 7007041 TI - Expression of bacteriophage M13 DNA in vivo. Isolation, identification and characterization of phage-specific mRNA species. PMID- 7007042 TI - Activity determination of 3-iodopyridineadenine dinucleotide and its phosphate as hydride acceptors in the presence of dehydrogenases using a coupled redox system. AB - A new procedure for the activity measurement of NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases has been devised using an electron-transferring agent, phenazine methosulfate, and an electron acceptor, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The reduction of the latter is determined by an increase in absorbance at 578 nm. 3-Iodopyridineadenine dinucleotide was found to be active as an hydride acceptor with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase but showed no activity with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase nor did its phosphate with 3-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7007043 TI - The core subunit structure in RNA polymerase holoenzyme determined by neutron small-angle scattering. AB - The core subunit arrangement of alpha 2-beta-beta' within DNA-dependent RNA polymerase holoenzyme alpha 2 beta beta' sigma from Escherichia coli was investigated by neutron small-angle scattering using label triangulation. The quaternary structure of multisubunit biomolecules can be studied by this new method if total reconstitution works in a quantitative way and if extensive replacement of C-bound hydrogen (H) by deuterium (2H) is possible. A substitution of the selected subunits by their fully deuterated analogues was used for the analysis of the overall shapes of the core subunits, alpha 2, beta and beta' in situ and for the determination of the intersubunit centre-to-centre distances. The contrast between the buffer and the remaining 'hydrogenated' enzyme vanishes if the buffer contains 42% 2H2O (matching of scattering length densities). The isotopic hybridization of the enzyme fulfils the conditions of isomorphous replacement as required: molecular functions, like enzyme activity, were completely preserved. The orientations of the core subunits within the holoenzyme were derived by comparing theoretical and experimental pair distance distribution functions, P(r), obtained from the scattering intensity differences of the pair labelled (e.g. both beta and beta' labelled) and both mono-labelled molecules by direct Fourier transformations. Additional, the subunit shapes were refined by P(r) analyses. The arrangement of the stable core structure within the holoenzyme, which contains sigma as a dissociable factor, is presented in a three dimensional model. PMID- 7007044 TI - The subunit positions within RNA polymerase holoenzyme determined by triangulation of centre-to-centre distances. AB - The complete 'centre-of-subunit structure' of the multisubunit enzyme DNA dependent RNA polymerase was determined by triangulation of the subunit positions using the intersubunit distances calculated from scattering difference measurements and from the corresponding radii of gyration R. In addition to the centre-to-centre distances d between the core subunits alpha 2, beta and beta' presented in the preceding paper, the values of d between initiation factor sigma and alpha 2 (8.4 +/- 1.6 nm), beta (4.4 +/- 2.2 nm) and beta' (10.7 +/- 1.5 nm) were derived from R of sigma (4.1 +/- 0.3 nm) in situ and of the pairs alpha 2- sigma (6.1 +/- 0.4 nm), beta--sigma (5.6 +/- 0.3 nm) and beta'--sigma (7.5 +/- 0.4 nm) within the holoenzyme (alpha 2 beta beta' sigma). The structural parameters of the subunits within their molecular complex are accessible for neutron small-angle scattering measurements using labelling of the different subunits (deuteration), total reconstitution of isotopic hybrids, scattering length density matching of 'hydrogenated' molecular parts and extended exposure times because of weak scattering effects. The overall shape of sigma bound to core enzyme (alpha 2 beta beta') proved to be identical (within experimental resolution) with sigma in the isolated state measured recently by X-ray small angle scattering. The refined shape of isolated sigma was reduced to an ellipsoid which was orientated with respect to the core structure (alpha 2--beta--beta') in a 'space-filling' way around the position of the sigma centre obtained by triangulation. The complete subunit arrangement of holoenzyme is shown in a three dimensional model. PMID- 7007045 TI - Functional studies on ribosomes lacking protein L1 from mutant Escherichia coli. AB - The function of protein L1 in protein biosynthesis has been examined using ribosomes from two independently derived mutants of Escherichia coli, both of which lacked this protein. In systems in vitro with phage MS2 RNA or poly(U) as message, the mutant ribosomes showed from 40% to 60% of the activity of wild-type ribosomes. The reduction in activity was apparent in the kinetics of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation throughout the incubation period. The activities were restored fully to the wild-type level by the addition of purified protein L1. These results show on the one hand that protein L1 is not essential for protein biosynthesis but, on the other, its presence can significantly increase the overall rate of this process. The data further indicate it as likely that protein L1 exerts its effect at the elongation step PMID- 7007046 TI - On the structure of fatty acid synthetase of yeast. PMID- 7007048 TI - Structural studies on Shigella flexneri serotype 6 core region. AB - The core structure of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 has been investigated. The methods used in these studies involved methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and enzymic modifications of core oligosaccharides isolated from two smooth strains and four rough mutants. As a result the complete core region was established (Formula: see text) where DGalp = D-galactopyranose, DGlcp = D-glucopyranose, L alpha DHepp = L-glycero-D-mannoheptapyranose, dOclA = 3 deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic, DGlcNp = 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose and P--PEtN = pyrophosphorylethanolamine (partially substituted). In the R mutants examined two types of mutation have been observed: (1) defect in heptose region (lack of D glucosamine) or (2) defects in hexose region of the core. PMID- 7007047 TI - Synthesis and processing of Semliki Forest virus-specific nonstructural proteins in vivo and in vitro. AB - A large short-lived virus-specific nonstructural protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 250000 (nsp250) has been isolated from cells infected with the temperature-sensitive mutants ts-4 and ts-6 of the Semliki Forest virus. nsp250 contained all peptides characteristic of the two previously identified nonstructural precursor proteins, nsp155 and nsp135, as revealed by limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Thus nsp250 is probably the translational product of the 5' two-thirds of the 42-S RNA genome which codes for the virus-specific nonstructural proteins. A second viral nonstructural precursor protein, nsp220, was also characterized by peptide mapping. This protein contained all the peptides of nsp155, and several but not all of the peptides of nsp135. Some peptides were demonstrated which possibly are derived from ns60, the only nonstructural protein not yet isolated. Small amounts of proteins with identical mobility to nsp250 and nsp220 were synthesized at 38 degrees C in micrococcal-nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate in response to virion 42 S RNA from the ts-6 mutant. The product of the wild-type 42-S RNA in vitro contained, in addition to nsp220 and nsp155, polypeptides which comigrated with ns86, ns72 and ns70, indicating processing of the translational product. The authenticity of nsp220, nsp155 and ns70 synthesized in vitro was confirmed by limited proteolysis with V8 protease. PMID- 7007049 TI - 4-Thiouridine triggers both growth delay induced by near-ultraviolet light and photoprotection. AB - 4-Thiouridine, a rare nucleoside present in Escherichia coli tRNAs, has been recently proposed to be the major chromophore leading to near-ultraviolet (315 400-nm)-induced growth delay. Here this is established by the isolation of mutants exhibiting a reduced growth delay. The selection procedure involves several successive cycles of 365-nm illumination of the cells in the stationary phase, followed by growth for two or three generations. After the eighth cycle, the level of 4-thiouridine in the culture decreases to 20% of the original level and all individual clones tested show a 4-thiouridine deficiency. One mutant exhibiting a complete lack of 4-thiouridine in its tRNAs has been characterized. In the dark the growth characteristics of the mutant and of the parental strain are indistinguishable. In contrast after near-ultraviolet illumination the nuv mutation abolishes the growth delay and considerably reduces the photoprotection efficiency. PMID- 7007050 TI - Fluorescent antibody localization of Microciona prolifera aggregation factor and its baseplate component. AB - Specific rabbit antisera were prepared against purified aggregation factor and its membrane-associated receptor, baseplate, derived from the marine sponge. Microciona prolifera. They were utilized in conjunction with fluorescent-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG in an assay to demonstrate the surface localizations of both components. The specificity of antibody preparations for AF and BP was demonstrated through inhibition of the rotation-mediated assay by homotypic antibody. This study confirms the presence of aggregation factor on the surface of disaggregated sponge cells maintained in the presence of the divalent cations, Ca++ and Mg++, and its absence when cells are maintained in Ca++ and Mg++-free seawater. The location of BP could also be demonstrated on the cell surface. Aggregation factors and baseplate appear to be heavily distributed on archeocytes and choanocytes, but are localized less intensely on gray cells. Gray cells are typified by yellowish autofluorescence of their intracellular granules in stained and control preparations. The reaction of anti-Microciona aggregation factor with its homotypic factor appeared to be species specificity judged by immunofluorescence assays and by inhibition of rotation-mediated assay by anti homotypic AF since antibodies prepared against heterotypic AF preparations were unreactive. PMID- 7007052 TI - Histological differentiation and organogenesis of rat fetal kidneys after isotransplantation under the kidney capsule of adult rats. AB - Developing kidneys of 14- and 15-day rat embryos were grafted under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic rats and examined histologically after 7 and 14 days. Although the grafted fetal kidney developed in a relatively hypopotassemic environment, no cystic dilatations or other anomalies of the renal tubules were found. PMID- 7007051 TI - Skeletal uptake of diphosphonate: a review. AB - The diphosphonates are currently the skeletal imaging agents of choice and while extremely sensitive for bony abnormality their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. The current concepts in bone uptake mechanisms are reviewed and it is concluded that diphosphonate uptake is most likely related to sites of newly forming bone with diphosphonate adsorbed onto the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals. In situations where there is markedly increased skeletal uptake of tracer, increased vascularity alone cannot account for changes in tracer uptake and changes in skeletal extraction, related to newly forming bone are more important. PMID- 7007053 TI - Staging and surgery in testicular cancer. AB - Both staging and surgery in testicular cancer are thoroughly analysed. Extensive experiences from various authors are reported and compared. The essentials for staging are suggested and a new detailed stage grouping is proposed. The role of surgery in diagnosis, staging and therapy is examined. It is stressed that in non seminomas, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is not only a staging procedure, but it may be also a curative operation in several cases of patients with lymph node metastases and a prospective randomized clinical trial is advocated in order to clarify the usefulness of adjunctive chemotherapy in these cases. Surgery is also useful as adjuvant to chemotherapy in several patients with advanced non seminomas and it is underlined that it should be undertaken early, after only 2 or 3 cycles of chemotherapy, in order to avoid the strong fibrosis that often occurs after long-term chemotherapy and which makes surgical dissection very difficult or even impossible. Lastly, even if extensive, surgery seems to be a safe procedure in these young patients. PMID- 7007054 TI - A study of the effectiveness of inosine in renal transplantation. AB - Kidneys preserved with cold Collins' solution only function satisfactorily if there is no significant preceding period of warm ischaemia. This paper reports an attempt to provide protection to renal function during such a warm ischaemic episode using the nucleotide inosine. In these experiments inosine given intravenously to dogs followed by 15 min of warm renal ischaemia and by either 12 or 24 h of cold preservation with Collins' solution did not protect renal function against the warm ischaemic insult. PMID- 7007055 TI - The young Albarran in Spain. PMID- 7007056 TI - Microscopical splint epididymovasostomy. AB - Splint epididymovasostomy is a new approach in operative andrology. In 23 rats, a microscopical splint epididymovasostomy was done in two groups 40 days after sterilization using 5/0 polyglactic acid and 5/0 plain-catgut as a splint. 28 anastomoses could be evaluated. 3 months later, in 2 of the 16 animals (12.5%), spermatozoa were detected in the ejaculate after electro-ejaculation. In six of the specimens (27.3%), the methylene blue given from the vas deferens passed into the epididymis. The patency of these was also proved histopathologically. The catgut splints were absorbed within 3 months. Microscopical splint epididymovasostomy shows that this method can lead to a free passage of the spermatozoa. PMID- 7007057 TI - Assessment of analgesics in dental surgery outpatients. AB - The usefulness of the dental outpatient model for evaluating the efficacy of mild analgesics, first described by Cooper and Beaver, is demonstrated in five separate, double-blind, randomised, single-dose, parallel-group studies. Pain intensity and pain relief were recorded at hourly intervals for 3 h following the administration of aspirin 1000 mg and placebo. In all five studies aspirin was significantly more effective than placebo, with relatively small variability of the response between the studies. The method is simple, reliable and sensitive and complements the inpatient studies of postoperative pain hitherto more frequently used. PMID- 7007059 TI - Withdrawal of guanfacine after long-term treatment in essential hypertension. Observations on blood pressure and plasma and urinary noradrenaline. AB - 1. Guanfacine (2-6 mg/day) a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, was effective in controlling blood pressure in 5 essential hypertensives and lowered plasma noradrenaline and urinary catecholamine excretion. 2. Withdrawal of guanfacine by blind substitution of identical placebo tablets under observation in hospital led to a gradual recovery of blood pressure over 2-4 days. 3. Salivary flow, which was reduced on guanfacine, returned to pretreatment levels by 2 days after withdrawal and significantly exceeded control for the next two days. 4. Urinary catecholamine excretion returned to pretreatment levels by 3 days but did not exceed control levels during the period of study. 5. Plasma noradrenaline returned gradually to pretreatment levels, and by day 4 significantly exceeded them. 6. No patient experienced symptoms suggesting catecholamine excess although four out of five reported a headache from the second day onwards. 7. Guanfacine, a centrally acting drug which pharmacologically resembles clonidine, has a slow offset of hypotensive effect over 2-3 days. Symptoms or biochemical evidence of catecholamine excess were not encountered within 48 h of withdrawal, possibly reflecting the longer duration of action and plasma half-life of guanfacine. PMID- 7007058 TI - Randomized double-blind study of prophylactic methenamine hippurate treatment of patients with indwelling catheters. AB - Catheterized patients with heavy bacteriuria and short catheter life received a short-course of antimicrobial therapy and then were allocated at random to double blind treatment for 5 months with methenamine hippurate (MH), 1 g three times daily, or placebo 1 g 3 times daily. MH treatment reduced the number of catheter blockages and instances of spontaneous removal of the catheter, and doubled catheter life (p less than 0.001). It is suggested that the doubled catheter life was due to the reduced bacteriuria and lowering of urinary pH. PMID- 7007060 TI - Long-term clonidine effects on autonomic function in essential hypertensive man. AB - Acute studies of clonidine suggest that it lowers blood pressure by central enhancement of baroreflex sensitivity coupled with diminished evidence of sympathetic outflow, but longterm clonidine data have not been conclusive. We examined effects of one month of low dose clonidine (0.4 +/- 0.15 mg/day) alone in 13 essential hypertensive men, assessing several biochemical indices of sympathetic function, as well as physiologic parameters, including baroreflex sensitivity, the cold pressor test, and the hypotensive response to alpha adrenergic blockade. Clonidine diminished mean arterial pressure (from 104 +/- 5 to 84 +/- 3 mmHg; p less than 0.01), without associated changes in several biochemical parameters of sympathetic outflow (urinary excretion of catecholamines, metanephrines, and vanillylmandelic acid; all p greater than 0.1). Circulatory baroreflex function was not enhanced by clonidine, during either the amylnitrite test or the phenylephrine test, before or after parasympathetic blockade with atropine. The cold pressor test, an index of efferent sympathetic pressor function, was also unaltered. The enhanced mean arterial pressure response to phentolamine during clonidine therapy (from a fall of 14.8 +/- 4.3 to 39.4 +/- 5.2 mmHg, p less than 0.01), suggested an increase in alpha adrenergic vascular tone, perhaps mediated by clonidine's alpha agonist properties in vascular smooth muscle. The antihypertensive mechanism of longterm low dose clonidine cannot reliably be ascribed either to baroreflex enhancement or to suppression of sympathetic outflow. PMID- 7007064 TI - Erythropoietin titers in normal human serum: an appraisal of assay techniques. PMID- 7007062 TI - Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. IV. Studies of the primary and secondary responses to thymus-dependent and independent antigens. AB - We have previously shown that hapten-augmentable plaque-forming cells are cells whose secretion of antibody is inhibited by the binding of auto-anti-idiotype antibody to cell surface antigen receptors. Using hapten augmentation of plaque formation, it was shown in the present report that auto-anti-idiotype antibodies are produced during the primary and secondary responses to both thymus-dependent und thymus-independent antigens. In the secondary response to the T-independent antigen trinitrophenylated Ficoll, the rate of appearance of auto-anti-idiotype antibody was faster, and the number of hapten-augmentable plaques was greater than in the primary response suggesting an anamnestic auto-anti-idiotype response. With the T-dependent antigen, trinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin, the kinetics and magnitude of the auto-anti-idiotypic antibody response were relatively similar in the primary and secondary responses. However, a lower concentration of hapten was required to reveal the hapten-augmentable plaques in the secondary response. This is in keeping with the usual finding that secondary antibody to T-dependent antigens is of very high affinity. Both direct and indirect hapten-augmentable plaque-forming cells were detected suggesting that the secretion of both IgM and IgG antibodies is regulated by auto-anti-idiotype antibodies. The data are consistent with a role for auto-anti-idiotype antibody in the normal down-regulation of the immune response as suggested by Jerne's network hypothesis. PMID- 7007063 TI - Suppression of mitogen-induced peripheral B cell differentiation by soluble Fc gamma receptors released from lymphocytes. AB - Soluble receptors for FcIgG released from unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-IgG. This material was shown to interfere with the differentiation of peripheral blood B cells into Ig-secreting cells in cultures stimulated with pokeweek or Nocardia opaca extracts. Neither cell viability nor [3H]thymidine incorporation were altered, but the number of Ig-containing cells and that of Ig-secreting cells were decreased. These effects were dose-related. They were found to be associated with Fc IgG-binding soluble material, since absorption on Sepharose 4B-IgG but not on pepsin-digested F(ab')2 fragments removed the inhibitory activity. This suppressor factor, released by unstimulated lymphocytes, may represent a human analogue of murine immunoglobulin-binding factor (IBF) produced by alloactivated T cells. PMID- 7007061 TI - The influence of folic acid on the frequency of epileptic attacks. AB - A double blind trial of folic acid against placebo was carried out on out patients with epilepsy treated with Phenytoin. There was a minimum period on treatment of one year. While the group receiving folic acid in the treatment period showed a significant improvement in seizure frequency, the placebo group also showed some improvement. It is concluded that the improvement while on folic acid was not due to the folic acid treatment alone. The subjective well-being of patients was not influenced by folic acid therapy. PMID- 7007065 TI - Myeloid colony-forming cell kinetics in man. AB - To determine the half-life of circulating myeloid colony-forming cells (CFUc) in man, we studied circulating CFUc in the blood of transplant recipients after the infusion of donor marrow. The agar culture technique was used to clone peripheral blood granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Circulating CFUc were rare before donor marrow infusion. After infusion of a large number of donor progenitor cells, there was a rapid, linear decrease in myeloid colony-forming cells in the patients' blood. The mean half-life for the circulating CFUc was 4.6 h. No correlation was noted between maximum number of circulating CFUc and the disappearance rate from the blood. A rapid increase in circulating CFUc occurred simultaneously with marrow engraftment. PMID- 7007067 TI - Residual marrow damage following therapy with cyclophosphamide. AB - Studies were performed to determine the type of residual marrow damage which occurs after injecting mice with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide every 2 weeks for 5 courses. Mice treated with cyclophosphamide, and controls injected with normal saline, were studied 6 weeks after the last injection. Complete blood counts, and total nuclear cell counts from femoral marrow revealed no differences between the 2 groups. The number of CFUs in the marrow of cyclophosphamide treated mice was slightly, but significantly, lower than of controls. Cyclophosphamide treated and control mice were then exposed to 300 rad, and the rate of marrow CFUs recovery was determined. That of cyclophosphamide treated mice was significantly slower than that of controls. Stromal function of marrows from cyclophosphamide treated mice was significantly impaired. Also, however, the proliferative potential of marrow CFUs of cyclophosphamide treated mice was modestly reduced relative to that of controls. We conclude that cyclophosphamide treatment of mice results in significant residual marrow damage, due primarily to "stromal" damage, but also to decrease in the proliferative potential of CFUs. PMID- 7007071 TI - Specific compact selfpacking of the ribosomal 23 S RNA. PMID- 7007069 TI - Mechanisms of renal tissue destruction in an experimental acute pyelonephritis. PMID- 7007068 TI - Plasmodium berghei: the in vitro immune response. PMID- 7007066 TI - Fractionated total body irradiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation in dogs: hemopoietic recovery after various marrow cell doses. AB - Hemopoietic recovery was studied in dogs given 2400 R fractionated total body irradiation within one week and graded doses of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow. Complete hemopoietic recovery including histology was observed after this dose and sufficient doses of marrow cells. Doses of more than 5.5 X 10(7) mononuclear marrow cells/kg body weight were sufficient for complete recovery in all dogs, 1.5 to 5.5 X 10(7) cells/kg were effective in some of the dogs and less than 1.5 X 10(7) cells/kg were insufficient for complete recovery. Similarly, more than 30,000 CFUc/kg body weight were required for hemopoietic recovery. The optimal marrow cells dose which has been defined as the minimal dose required for the earliest possible recovery of leukocyte and platelet counts was 7-8 X 10(7) mononuclear marrow cells/kg body weight. It has been concluded that fractionated total body irradiation with 2400 R does not require greater doses of marrow cells for hemopoietic reconstitution than lower single doses and that the hemopoietic microenvironment is not persistently disturbed after this dose. PMID- 7007070 TI - Immunofluorescent detection of thermolability of chromatin in situ during the cell cycle using antithymine antibodies. PMID- 7007072 TI - Amino acid sequence of protein L22 from the large subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome. PMID- 7007073 TI - The primary structure of protein S10 from the small ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007074 TI - Primary structure of protein S11 from Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7007077 TI - Different cell surface glycoproteins are involved in cell-cell and cell-collagen adhesion of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7007075 TI - Location of a phage binding region on an outer membrane protein. PMID- 7007076 TI - On the occurrence of prostacyclin metabolites in plasma and vascular tissue as determined radioimmunologically. PMID- 7007078 TI - The pKa and diminished relative reactivity of the alpha-amino group of phenylalanyl-tRNA from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007079 TI - Topography of RNA in the ribosome: location of the 3'-end of 5 S RNA on the central protuberance of the 50 S subunit. PMID- 7007080 TI - The interaction of B29-fluoresceinthiocarbamyl-insulin with adipocyte membranes. PMID- 7007081 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone upon insulin release from rat islets in vitro. PMID- 7007084 TI - [Feldshers and midwives in the 1905-1907 revolution]. PMID- 7007082 TI - Effects of peptide hormones and adrenergic agents on membrane potentials of target cells. AB - Catecholamines and a number of peptide hormones either hyperpolarize or depolarize surface membranes of target cells. For catecholamines there is no consistent relationship between alpha and beta-adrenergic action and the direction of the change in transmembrane electrical potential difference. Examples of all possible mechanisms have been reported to underlie the altered electrical potentials. The question of what roles hormone-induced altered polarization may play is linked to the question of why a large transmembrane electrical field strength is a general property of cells. It is suggested that the normal, or resting, field strength serves to maintain an array of configuration of membrane dipoles (proteins: transport systems, enzyme systems), and that hormone-induced changes in the field strength serve to command an altered array of configuration of membrane dipoles with a different set of functions. Insulin hyperpolarizes rat skeletal muscle. The mechanism is not by activation of a ouabain-sensitive electrogenic pump, but probably by reduced permeability to Na+. Insulin-induced hyperpolarization precedes other reported effects of insulin. Electrically produced hyperpolarization of a segment of whole muscle (rat), in the absence of insulin, stimulates specific D-glucose transport. Thus, it is possible that insulin-induced hyperpolarization is part of the transduction chain, signaling from the insulin-receptor complex to instruct effector responses to insulin. PMID- 7007083 TI - Dopamine receptors: subtypes, localization and regulation. AB - Receptor binding studies with a variety of dopaminergic ligands have confirmed behavioral and biochemical findings that the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system contain several dopamine receptor subtypes. These subtypes can be discriminated on the basis of their agonist-antagonist pharmacological specificities, linkage to adenylate cyclase, cellular location, regulation by guanine neucleotides and ions, and involvement in several human diseases. Although questions remain unanswered, progress is rapidly being made in equating the subgroupings arrived at by these different experimental approaches. Dopamine receptors are regulated by a number of factors. Acutely, guanine nucleotides and some ions regulate agonist but not antagonist binding and are essential for receptor coupling with adenylate cyclase. Chronically, changes in the level of dopaminergic stimulation modulate the number of at least some receptor subtypes, resulting in "up or down regulation." An increase in receptor number appears central to the pathology of Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and perhaps schizophrenia. Animal models indicate that it may be possible to exploit inherent capabilities for receptor modulation in clinical therapy. The therapeutic precedents set by the indentification of distinct subtypes of adrenoreceptors. histamine, and cholinergic receptors portends and exciting future for dopamine receptor research. PMID- 7007085 TI - [Staunch Bolshevik and Leninist, A. P. Golubkov]. PMID- 7007086 TI - [Military feldsher, P. E. Lazimir]. PMID- 7007088 TI - [History of postmortem blood transfusion]. PMID- 7007087 TI - [Miron Semenovich Vovsi]. PMID- 7007089 TI - Failure of combined therapy with synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate in patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism. PMID- 7007090 TI - [Effect of insulin and hydrocortisone on the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in nucleated and non-nucleated erythrocytes of chickens and rats]. PMID- 7007091 TI - [Effect of experimental duodenal exclusion following gastric resection on the character of blood glucose curves]. PMID- 7007092 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline and phentolamine on the insular apparatus of the pancreas]. PMID- 7007095 TI - [Prophylactic aims in the design and construction of total prostheses]. PMID- 7007093 TI - [Designing of prosthetic substitution for the partially edentulous (class 3) jaw]. PMID- 7007094 TI - [In retrospect. (The Budapest School of Dentistry)]. PMID- 7007097 TI - [Functional and morphologic state of the gastroduodenal mucosa during prolonged pharmacologic stimulation and vagus nerve block]. PMID- 7007096 TI - [20 years of dental theoretical research and its perspectives in the Institute of Physiology of the Semmelweis University Medical School. Establishment and current activities of the Department of Oral Biology of the School of Dentistry]. PMID- 7007099 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Normal Physiology of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute (1930-1980)]. PMID- 7007098 TI - [Relationship between changes in the concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, motilin and insulin in dog plasma]. PMID- 7007100 TI - [Measurement of organ blood flow by means of hydrogen clearance]. PMID- 7007101 TI - [Production and localization of human prolactin in the tissues associated with pregnancy (Report I) (author's transl)]. AB - In the present paper, the authors studied the production and localization of human prolactin from normal human chorionic tissue and decidua in early pregnancy (from the 7th to the 9th week after last menstruation) obtained either by curettage or hysterectomy. Immunohistological investigation by the fluorescent antibody technique using human prolactin specific antiserum prepared by the immunization of rabbits revealed that syncytial trophoblast was a production site of prolactin. Though prolactin was recognized in compact layers of parietal decidua, it was concerned not with production but solely with deposition in intercellular space which was widened edematously with the existence of a collagen-like substance. By double staining method of the fluorescent antibody technique, prolactin could be differentiated with both hCG and hPL in syncytial trophoblast. PMID- 7007102 TI - [The LH-RH neuron system of the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata)]. PMID- 7007103 TI - [Changes in glucose metabolism and endocrine function in the remnant pancreas after major pancreatectomy, with special reference to the function of the anti insulin system in Sandmeyer's diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - Changes in glucose tolerance and the function of the anti-insulin system after a major resection of the canine pancreas were divided into three types. Immediately after the removal of 90 per cent or more of the pancreas, diabetes developed, and the function of the anti-insulin system was depressed, showing a poor response of glucagon secretion to hypoglycemia after insulin load and degeneration or destruction of the islet cells and both A and B cells, and the dosage of insulin required to control blood sugar was close to that of a total pancreatectomy. 6 to 24 weeks after the removal of 70 to 90 per cent of the pancreas, so-called Sandmeyer's diabetes occurred, in which glucose tolerance and the function of the anti-insulin system were within the normal range during the early postoperative periods, but the function of the anti-insulin system was highly activated later, showing a high response of pancreatic glucagon secretion to hypoglycemia after insulin load, accompanied by degeneration of B cells, but not A cells. These results could well explain the fact that the insulin dosage needed to control blood sugar in Sandmeyer's diabetes was 3 to 4 times more than it was in total pancreatectomy. After the removal of 70 per cent or less of the pancreas, diabetes did not occur, and glucose tolerance and the function of the anti insulin system were maintained well, without any significant change in the islets of the remnant pancreas. Insulin therapy relieved the disturbed function of the anti-insulin system in diabetes following pancreatectomy. PMID- 7007104 TI - [Dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion in man (author's transl)]. AB - To evaluate the dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion, the following experiments were performed on 10 normal subjects (3 men and 7 women, aged 21 approximately 69 yrs.), 16 diabetics (8 men and 8 women, aged 20 approximately 74 yrs.) and 7 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism (2 men and 5 women aged 16 approximately 58 yrs.). Blood samples were withdrawn from an intravenous cannula indwelled in an antecubital vein at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after intravenous injection of 10mg metoclopramide with a volus. Plasma aldosterone levels and plasma renin activities (PRA) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In normal subjects, plasma aldosterone levels were significantly increased from basal levels of 111.8 +/- 1.3 Opg/ml (Mean +/- S.E.) to 183.4 +/- 23.3pg/ml 15 min after an intravenous injection of metoclopramide and were sustained for about 90 min. This increase induced by metoclopramide was, however, abolished by pretreatment with 2.5mg of bromocriptine. It is suggested that metoclopramide and bromocriptine are in a competitive relationship at the level of dopaminergic receptor. In diabetics, the mean plasma level of aldosterone was as low as 66.3 +/- 8.7pg/ml, which was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (p less than 0.01), and aldosterone response to metoclopramide was significantly diminished. Although this tendency was more apparent in diabetics with such complications as neuropathy or retinopathy, aldosterone response to metoclopramide implied that aldosterone secretion was under dopaminergic inhibition in this hypoaldosteronemic state. While aldosterone responded well to metoclopramide, PRA was not significantly altered in this treatment in normal subjects and diabetics. In patients with untreated hyperthyroidism, aldosterone response was similar to that in normal subjects. PMID- 7007105 TI - [Replacing missing teeth in a unilaterally shortened dental arch]. PMID- 7007106 TI - [Simple method for the formation of a complete porcelain border]. PMID- 7007107 TI - [Principles for the planning and construction of a partial denture]. PMID- 7007108 TI - [Preservation of functional margins]. PMID- 7007109 TI - [Better precision with silicone vacuum duplication]. PMID- 7007111 TI - [Casting process in dental technology]. PMID- 7007110 TI - [Correction of the posterior gingival margins]. PMID- 7007113 TI - Gold foil: is it a health hazard or a superior material? PMID- 7007112 TI - [Asami Tanaka demonstrates his one-bake technic]. PMID- 7007116 TI - [Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibiting capacity of the serum in bullous pemphigoid]. PMID- 7007114 TI - [Clinical findings and aspects of occupational medicine in vinyl chloride disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007115 TI - [Biologic false positive sera in syphilis diagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007117 TI - [Selected therapeutical problems for dermatological practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007118 TI - The inter-relationship between proton-coupled and binding-protein-dependent transport systems in bacteria. PMID- 7007119 TI - The nature of the uptake systems for nucleic acid bases in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007120 TI - Substrate inhibition of lactose/proton symport in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007123 TI - Regulation of cytochrome P-450 biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: relationship to proposed location of some of adenylate cyclase in mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7007122 TI - Mechanism of degradation of cytochrome P-450 in non-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae: anaerobiosis, chloramphenicol, dinitrophenol and cycloheximide as protective agents. PMID- 7007121 TI - The number and nature of the peptide-transport systems of Escherichia coli: characterization of specific transport mutants. PMID- 7007124 TI - Solubilization of cytochrome P-450 in high yield from Saccharomyces cerevisiae microsomal membranes by 1% Triton X-100: stabilization effect. PMID- 7007125 TI - Prostacyclin production by cultured endothelium. PMID- 7007127 TI - Native-like dimer formed by the N-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. PMID- 7007126 TI - The relationship between hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase and cholesterol esterase from swine adipose tissue. PMID- 7007129 TI - Gene-fusion studies of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in a ribosomal/RNA polymerase operon of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007128 TI - Properties of a collection of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase mutants. PMID- 7007130 TI - Increased ketonaemia in hyperthyroidism. Evidence for a beta-adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7007131 TI - The immunogenicity of insulin preparation. Antibody levels before and after transfer to highly purified porcine insulin. PMID- 7007132 TI - Transfer of experimental autoimmune insulitis by spleen cells in mice. AB - We have tested whether experimental insulitis induced by multiple subdiabetogenic injections of streptozotocin can be transferred by lymphocytes to normal recipients. C57BL/6J mice were treated on 5 consecutive days with 40 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight. 5 X 10(7) nucleated spleen cells from 20 animals which had developed hyperglycaemia with concomitant insulitis three weeks after the first streptozotocin-injection, were transferred into congenic thymusless C57BL/6J-nu/nu mice. The cell transfer led to lymphocytic infiltrations of pancreatic islets in 75% of the recipients. Hyperglycaemia was not observed. It is concluded that low-dose streptozotocin treatment induces cellular immune reactions against pancreatic islets. PMID- 7007134 TI - Homogeneous mono-(125)i-insulins. Preparation and characterization of mono-(125)i (tyr a14)-and mono-(125)i-(tyr a19)-insulin. AB - Mono-(125)I-(Tyr A19)-insulin (Mono*A19) was prepared by iodinating MC porcine insulin with (125)I in acid medium using iodate (as oxidizing agent), followed by anion-exchange chromatography. Mono-(125)I-(Tyr A14)-insulin (Mono*A14) was prepared by iodinating MC porcine insulin with (125)I, using H(2)O(2)/lactoperoxidase at neutral pH, followed by anion-exchange chromatography. The specific radioactivities were in the ranges of 120-200 and 220-300 mCi/mg for Mono*A19 and Mono*A14, respectively. Analyses of the intramolecular distributions of (125)I demonstrated that the preparations were 97 98% radiochemically pure. In both preparations, 98-99% of the radioactivity was capable of binding to insulin antibodies for up to 6 months of storage of the tracers. The IRI concentration decreased with the duration of storage. The greatest observed fall in IRI concentration was 70%. The ime course could be explained by the assumption that the disintegration of a (125)I-nucleus destroys the immunoreactivity of the insulin molecule in which the decay occurs. PMID- 7007135 TI - [Absent pulmonary valve. Report of 4 cases, echocardiographic assessment and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of "absent pulmonary valve" (APV) are described. This congenital heart disease consists of aplasia or extreme hypoplasia of pulmonary semilunar cusps and is always combined with aneurysmatic dilatation of pulmonary artery. In two of them the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. The remaining two are clinical reports surgically confirmed. One of them was studied by single cristal and two dimensional echocardiography. In three cases APV was associated with tetralogy of Fallot, while in one case there was an intact ventricular septum. Review of literature allowed us to select 149 cases of APV anatomically confirmed, besides our ownes. It is stressed on that APV is usually associated with dextroposition of the aorta and ventricular septal defect by conoventricular malallignment. It is suggested that pathogenesis of this malformation is a consequence of an anomalous development of mesenchimal tissue of pulmonary cusps rather than an asymmetrical truncal sepimentation. We favour the hypothesis that aneurysmatic dilatation of pulmonary artery is caused by altered hemodynamics acting both in foetal and extrauterine life, even if differently expressed. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic value of cyanosis, dyspnea, and systo-diastolic murmur are discussed. Some outlines of the most important diagnostic procedures are reviewed and particularly echocardiography, which shows aortic overriding and dilatation of right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery separated by a restricted pulmonary annulus. Prognosis and therapy are also mentioned. PMID- 7007133 TI - In vivo insulin resistance during pregnancy in the rat. AB - The glucose disappearance rate measured after IV glucose injection (1g/kg body wt) remained unchanged between 12 and 21 day of gestation in the rat. In contrast, insulin secretion in response to IV glucose was markedly increased on day 19 and 21 of pregnancy, suggesting resistance to endogenous insulin. Glucose kinetics (glucose production, utilization and clearance) in response to various doses of IV insulin have been studied in anaesthetised post-absorbtive 19 day pregnant and virgin rats using 6-(3)H glucose. With the supramaximal dose of insulin (4 U/kg body wt) no differences in glucose kinetics were found between pregnant and virgin rats. In contrast, with the two lower doses of insulin (0.15 and 0.05 U/kg body wt) glucose production was inhibited by 36 plus or minus 3% and 13 plus or minus 2% (Mean plus or minus SEM) respectively in virgin rats, but was not decreased in pregnant rats. When the effect of insulin on glucose clearance was expressed as % of the maximal effect obtained with 4 U/kg body weight, the rise in glucose clearance in response to the two lower doses of insulin (0.15 and 0.05 U/kg body wt) was lower in pregnant (57.5 plus or minus 6 and 27. 4 plus or minus 4%) than in virgin rats (73.3 plus or minus 6 and 42.2 plus or minus 7%). These results suggest that a decreased sensitivity to insulin appears in late pregnancy in the rat and could involve both liver and skeletal muscle. PMID- 7007136 TI - [Cardiocirculatory reflexes caused by chemosensitive receptors of the musculo skeletal region]. PMID- 7007138 TI - A simple new method for atrial triggered pacemaker. Preliminary clinical trials. AB - Inadequacy of cardiac output in the ventricular paced complete heart block is generally related to lack of rate adaptation to varying atrial contribution. The status of the art in leads technology had not yet freed the clinicians from the necessity to use a double lead system (atrial and ventricular) in order to maintain the atrial synchronization. Authors present a new simple catheter with double electrode (atrial receptor and ventricular stimulator) which, connecting to a new conceived VAT generator, let to obtain atrial synchronization with a single catheter-electrode implantation. External units were tried in 22 patients who needed temporary treatment. The results appear to be positive in all cases and encourage the Authors to continue with the task undertaken until the system is made implantable. PMID- 7007137 TI - [Angina and infarction with normal coronary arteries]. PMID- 7007139 TI - [Cardiovascular reflexes in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7007140 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different kits for serum digoxin determination (author's transl)]. AB - In the last years the determination of serum digoxin levels has become absolutely necessary not only in specialized centers but also in all medical departments for its pharmacological and clinical implications. In order to verify the reproducibility, accurateness and sensibility of the techniques currently employed we performed a comparative analysis of the serum digoxin levels obtained by using one immuno-enzymatic and four different radio-immuno-assay kits. The first in vitro trial was performed by evaluating serum digitalis on blood specimens from eight healthy human donors to which known doses of digoxin and beta-methyl-digoxin had been added. The second in vivo trial was performed by giving for three days to sixteen cardiac patients, previously off any digitalis treatment, only one oral morning dose of 0.125 mg of digoxin (8 patients), and 0.135 mg of beta-methyl-digoxin (8 patients). A monoexponential decay constant was calculated on the curves of serum digitalis levels, measured in the third day of treatment by means of the five different techniques. The statistical analysis, performed on the results we obtained, demonstrates a satisfying degree of reproducibility and accurateness only for some of the kits used. This is due to a poor sensibility of some kits in the presence of low digitalis levels, which can produce significantly different value for the decay constant (p < 0.02). Such a behaviour possibly due to different manufacturing processes of the kits raises some questions on the validity in comparing results from various laboratories when different testing procedures are employed. PMID- 7007142 TI - [Rafael Lucio and the arts]. PMID- 7007141 TI - [Methodology of renal vein renin study: comparison between simultaneous and sequential sampling (author's transl)]. AB - Purpose of this study has been to compare the results obtained using two different procedures in blood sampling from the renal veins for measuring renal venous renin. The first is the classical procedure which employs three catheters for simultaneous sampling from both renal veins and from the inferior vena cava, or from an artery. The other one is a simplified procedure which employs a single catheter that allows blood to be collected in the following rapid sequential manner: right renal vein, inferior vena cava, left renal vein, inferior vena cava. We have studied 13 patients (8 with essential hypertension, 5 with unilateral renal artery stenosis). Two catheters were introduced through a femoral vein and inserted into both renal veins; a third catheter was inserted into the femoral artery; then the blood sampling was performed strictly simultaneously. Soon after, the blood sampling was repeated according to the above mentioned sequential single catheter procedure. PRA was measured by Angiotensin I radioimmunoassay, then the Renal Vein Ratios (RVRR) were calculated. Even though as average of less than 20 seconds elapsed between the blood sampling in a renal vein and that in inferior vena cava, our results demonstrate that the release of renin can vary so quickly that erroneous informations may be obtained unless a strictly simultaneous sampling of blood is performed. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the only reliable renal vein renin sampling procedure must employ the simultaneous renal venous and arterial (or inferior vena cava) blood collection. PMID- 7007143 TI - [Critical analysis of comparative therapeutic trials of elective portal shunts]. PMID- 7007147 TI - [The sapiens populations in neolithic central and northern Europe--hypotheses, model and reality]. PMID- 7007144 TI - [Maintenance cimetidine treatment in duodenal ulcer disease. Second part: Side effects and indications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007146 TI - [Intestinal manifestations of thyroid diseases: current clinical and pathophysiological aspects]. PMID- 7007148 TI - [The "spiritual" bond in nature; mathematical-musical acoustics as a structure analytic method. VIII. Brain structure, gnomonics and lambdoma]. PMID- 7007145 TI - [Hyperselective vagotodmy in the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7007149 TI - [The "spiritual" bond in nature; mathematical-musical acoustics as a structure analytic method. IX. Antique art and buildings]. PMID- 7007150 TI - Topical fluoride treatment of overdenture abutments. PMID- 7007152 TI - Training outcome in liaison psychiatry. Literature review and methodological proposals. AB - This paper reviews training outcome studies in liaison psychiatry. The author located nine evaluation studies, only four of which were controlled and only two of which included trainee-related patient outcomes. The author suggests a typology of evaluation dimensions with specific methodological proposals which may be useful for future assessment research. PMID- 7007153 TI - Psychological problems resulting from parent-to-adolescent renal transplantation. AB - This paper deals with the ways in which the psychological responses of renal transplant donors and recipients interfere with the developmental tasks of adolescence. The characteristic responses of donors and recipients in general are briefly reviewed. The special problems of the adolescent who has received a transplant from a parent are considered. Interference with the separation individuation process is discussed. Also considered is the difficulty posed to the development of sexual identity. Excerpts from brief therapy are presented that illustrate the characteristic psychological conflicts described. PMID- 7007151 TI - A comparison of psychosocial disability in males undergoing maintenance hemodialysis or following cadaver transplantation. AB - Sixteen males undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated for social disability through the use of the Ruesch Social Disability Rating Scale and were compared with a group of 16 cadaver renal transplant recipients, matched for age and marital status. All 16 had excellent functioning of their transplanted kidney. In both groups most patients experienced a major degree of social disability, indicating significant interference with life-style. Patients who were married had lower social disability scores (DS) than those who were divorced or single (P less than 0.01). Contrary to expectation, no differences were noted between these two groups with regard to the overall degree of social disability. The DS data are corroborated by other clinical indices, such as employment status, financial stability, degree of depression and sexual functioning, which indicated similar degrees of impairment in both groups. New approaches, aimed at the preservation and enhancement of social and avocational skills, are mandatory of a comprehensive effort seriously geared towards rehabilitation is to be implemented in the overall treatment of these patients. The expertise of the mental health professional, especially the liaison psychiatrist, is critical for this task. PMID- 7007154 TI - Severe vomiting in a diabetic woman. Psychological considerations. AB - A 50-year-old diabetic woman experiencing 20 episodes of vomiting each day was admitted to the hospital. When vigorous medical management failed to control the vomiting, psychiatric consultation indicated that psychological factors, especially displaced anger and an early childhood history of gastrointestinal sensitivity, combined with autonomic neuropathy and uremia to produce the symptom. A multimodal treatment regimen including continued medical management, supportive psychotherapy, relaxation training and mental imagery exercises effected a dramatic improvement. PMID- 7007155 TI - [Bacteriophage MS2 mutants with disrupted phage replicase repressor activity]. AB - A number of ts-mutants with altered characteristics of RNA synthesis in non suppressor cells at elevated temperatures have been obtained after HNO2-treatment of phage MS2am623 (amber mutation in site 50). The mutant ts130 is studied in detail: its peak of RNA synthesis is displaced 10 min. later and the total amount of RNA is reduced in 5-10 times. No RNA synthesis is observed in ts130-infected cell at 46 degrees C. Changes in the character of RNA synthesis are accompanied by the over-production of phage subunit of replicase: at 42 degrees C the replicase/RNA ratio in ts130 is 20 times higher than that of the original phage MS2am623. It is assumed that there is a decrease in the activity of replicase- RNA repressor complex in ts130 resulting in the loss of replicase control over its own synthesis while the control of coat protein synthesis remains unaffected. PMID- 7007156 TI - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with increased resistance to ionizing radiation. I. Isolation and study of cross resistance to different agents]. AB - The strains of Bacillus subtilis actively exchange genetic material during joint incubation on a properly composed selective solid medium at 37 degrees C. Predominantly, colonies of multiple recombinants are formed. If DNase is present in the medium, total number of recombinant colonies and the share of colonies of multiple recombinants decrease. At 46 degrees C the recombination process is inhibited. The results obtained are discussed using two hypotheses: 1) a donor cell transfers a significant part or even whole chromosome to a neighbouring recipient cell, 2) recombinations occur successively in mini-clones of intermediate recombinants. It is suggested that the phenomenon observed is close to the natural genetic transformation in Bac. subtilis. PMID- 7007157 TI - [Effect of plasmid R6K on expression of the temperature-sensitive mutation in gene dnaE of Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - The multicopy, conjugative R6K plasmid is responsible for the increase in the number of temperature-resistant (Tr) clones formed by Escherichia coli K-12 E486 strain, carrying a ts mutation dnaE486 in the gene coding for DNA polymerase III. The effect observed is not due to the mutator action of R6K or a mutation in the plasmid and requires the intactness of the host recA function. Tr derivatives MG488 and MG492, isolated under non-permissive condition from the strain E486(R6K), still possess the ts allele dnaE486 in the chromosome. Both Tr derivatives are more resistant to UV-irradiation and the characterized with a different level of spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis as compared to the initial strain E486(R6K). The data obtained suggest that the plasmid R6K is involved in the metabolism of chromosomal DNA of the host. PMID- 7007158 TI - [Genetic control of plasmid F' formation. II. Role of recipient recA- in the process of plasmid F' formation]. AB - We have chosen the process of F'-plasmid formation as a model for a study of the illegitimate, recA-independent recombination. Our genetic data showed that F' formation was under genetic control of the Hfr donor cells. To determine the role of recipient cells in the process of F-prime formation we compared the pattern of transconjugant formation in the crosses of Hfr and F' donors with the recA-nalA+ and recA-nalA- recipients, nalA- mutation in the recipient lead to the sharp decrease of the total yield of transconjugants selected for proximal markers and decrease the fraction of conjugative plasmids in progeny. The plasmids inherited in the nalA- recipient in HfrxF- crosses possess only proximal selected markers while the appropriate distribution of proximal and more distal markers took place in the nalA+ recipient. The homogeneity for the sensitivity of nalA- progeny to the male specific phages in comparison with the nalA+ transconjugants was also observed. The data obtained show that the nalA- mutation has a strong influence on the process of final inheritance and probably formation of F'-plasmids in the recipient cells. The extent of the influence of the nalA- mutation on the pattern of F'-plasmid inheritance was dependent upon the primary F' structure formed (or existed) in the donor cell. PMID- 7007160 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of deletion mutants of thermosensitive plasmid pEG1]. AB - Phenotypic revertants of temperature-sensitive in self-maintenance plasmid pEG1 derived from R-factor RP4 were studied. The study indicated a sertain part of them to be variants without ampicillin resistance. The frequency of pEG1 ampicillin sensitive (Aps) derivatives is about 5.10(-7) and does not depend on the recA gene product. The Aps-derivatives of pEG1 plasmid can be classified in two phenotypic groups. The first group is temperature-independent and does not inhibit the growth of host cells by non-permissive temperature (43 degrees C). Agarose gel electrophoresis has revealed that plasmids of this group occur as a result of deletions in plasmid pEG1. The other group of Aps-derivatives still possess the property to be eliminated at 43 degrees C and they inhibit the growth of bacterial cells like pEG1. Agarose gel has demonstrated that some of them are deletion mutants while others are quite similar to pEG1 plasmid. The data obtained in the course of study of deletion mutants make it possible to suppose that the presence of gene with temperature sensitive mutation in pEG1 is not necessary for stable maintenance of R-factor. PMID- 7007159 TI - [Genetic control of production of a lymphokine inhibiting macrophage migration in mice]. AB - Genetic control of the production of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by lymphocytes in mice is studied. Dynamics of the MIF production by perinoteal lymphocytes, lymphocytes of the lymphatic nodes and spleen to specific antigen is investigated. Interstrain differences in the dynamics of MIF production were found: mice of H-2b and H-2d haplotype were highly reactive to tuberculin, mice with H-2k haplotype were low responding. The hybridological analysis has revealed that the character of the MIF production is inherited by dominant type and is controlled by several genes. One genes, responsible for MIF production to tuberculin, are linked with H-2 complex of the major hystocompatibility system, other are not linked. PMID- 7007162 TI - [Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 mutation on gamma ray-induced reciprocal mitotic recombination]. AB - The effect of gamma-irradiation on mitotic segregation and intergenic reciprocal mitotic recombination between the centromere and the ade2 locus of rad sensitive Saccharomyces mutant has been studied in comparison with the wild type RAD. These strains homozygous for either RAD or rad54 gene, showed gamma-rays induced mitotic segregation and reciprocal mitotic recombination. Within a dose range resulting in an equal survival, fraction induced mitotic segregation and intergenic reciprocal recombination was greater for the RAD strain. Rad54 mutation increased the spontaneous mitotic segregation and mitotic reciprocal recombination in comparison with the rad strain. PMID- 7007161 TI - [Genetic control of F' factor production. III. Isolation of a mutant strain of Escherichia coli with reduced frequency and altered specificity of F' plasmid production]. AB - Isolation and properties of the mutant of HfrH with altered frequency and specificity, of F'-plasmid formation are described. This mutant, designated fpf 5, showed significant reduction in the total yield of transconjugants selected for proximal markers in the cross with the F- recA- recipient. The crosses between the fpf-5 mutant donor and recA-nalA- recipient were sterile. The fpf-5 mutation resulted in the marked changes of the frequency of recombination exchanges involving definite chromosomal regions. The mutation reduced the frequency of the recA-independent recombination in the chromosomal fragment flanked by the leu and proA, sharply decreased the frequency of the recA dependent and completely blocked recA-independent recombination in the chromosomal regions bordered by the genes proA and gal. Moreover the fpf-5 mutation affected the process of conjugative F'-plasmid formation suggesting effect of the mutation on recombinational exchange between the chromosome and integrated F-plasmid. The data obtained confirmed our earlier conclusion about fundamental role of the Hfr donor cell in the determination of the frequency and specificity of recombination leading to the F'-plasmid formation, and showed that the recombination events initiating F'-formation process occur in the Hfr donor cell. PMID- 7007163 TI - [Comparative features of methos of inducing auxotrophic mutants of cholera and nonagglutinating vibrios]. AB - The effect of chemical mutagens (EI, NEU, NMU, NMG) on six El-Tor strains and eight NAG-vibryos was studied in order to obtain auxotrophic mutatns. The methods used showed the advantage of A. Adelberg and D. Mayers's method in the Yu. G. Suchkov's modification. It enables to get a greater number of mutants, and it differs from other methods in the simplicity in organization of experiments. The mutants obtained of El-Tor and NAC-vibryos differed from each other and from initial strains in their biochemical properties, agglutinability, phagolisability and culture requirements. PMID- 7007164 TI - A third gene affecting GABA transaminase levels in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7007166 TI - [The history of cancer therapy]. PMID- 7007165 TI - [Elements of scientific teaching and of scientific criticism in the works of Niels Stensen (1638--1686)]. PMID- 7007167 TI - [Malaria prevention and colonial cities: progress as a step backwards?]. PMID- 7007168 TI - [Elements of self-analysis in the "Studies in Hysteria". Explanation of the origins of psychoanalytic technics]. PMID- 7007169 TI - [Anatomy in Zurich]. PMID- 7007170 TI - [Famous Swiss physicians]. PMID- 7007171 TI - [Hospital care in Emmental]. PMID- 7007172 TI - [Pockmarks and beauty]. PMID- 7007173 TI - [The earliest recorded eye doctor in classical antiquity]. PMID- 7007175 TI - 70 + and going strong. "Staying right up there". PMID- 7007174 TI - Fat inhibition of gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients before and after proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - In seven duodenal ulcer patients the effect of intraduodenal infusion of 20 ml oleic acid on submaximal gastric acid secretion stimulation by a continuous pentagastrin infusion was evaluated before and after proximal gastric vagotomy. In the control tests 20 ml of saline was given. Before vagotomy, oleic acid evoked a significant inhibition of gastric acid secretion of 25% compared with the controls. This inhibition was abolished after proximal gastric vagotomy. The difference in inhibition before and after vagotomy was significant (P=0.01). It is concluded that the vagus nerve in man plays a decisive role in duodenal fat inhibition of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7007176 TI - Studies on the distribution of abnormal cells in cytologic preparations. IV. Importance of the topographical position of the cells in material collected by wooden spatulas. PMID- 7007177 TI - [The female climacteric]. PMID- 7007179 TI - Clinical and experimental evaluation of the thromboprophylactic effect of hydroxychloroquine sulfate after total hip replacement. AB - The rate of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was studied by the 125I-fibrinogen method in 35 patients after total hip replacement. 12 out of 18 patients treated prophylactically with hydroxychloroquine sulfate developed deep vein thrombosis compared with 11 out of 17 patients in the control group. Platelet aggregability was inhibited in vitro by high concentrations of hydroxychloroquine sulfate, but these concentrations were not obtained in vivo and platelet aggregation was not limited in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil). PMID- 7007178 TI - [Gynecologic operations in aged women]. PMID- 7007181 TI - The effect of sodium saccharin in the diet on caecal microflora. PMID- 7007180 TI - Relationship between blood concentrations and clinical effects of a new antidepressant "maprotiline". AB - In conducting the double-blind controlled study of antidepressants, observations were carried out on the relationship between Maprotiline/Desmethylmaprotiline, concentrations in blood and antidepressive effects, the doses and the incidence of side effects. 1) The maprotiline concentration in the effective group (markedly improved + moderately improved) was 306.9 +/- 112.9 ng/ml, and 244.4 +/ 43.0 ng/ml in the non-effective group (slightly improved + unchanged + aggavated). There was no statistically difference between both groups. 2) Correlations of the maprotiline concentration in blood and together with desmethylmaprotiline to the efficacy (the variation rates in Hamilton's scores) showed a tendency toward higher concentrations in blood with higher therapeutic responses. 3) Side effects were observed in all of the patients with the concentration in blood higher than the mean value (265.2 ng/ml). PMID- 7007183 TI - A whiff of petrol. PMID- 7007184 TI - Styrene and the chromosome. PMID- 7007185 TI - The varying fate of vinylidene chloride. PMID- 7007182 TI - An investigation of the genetic toxicology of irradiated foodstuffs using short term test systems. 1. Digestion in vitro and the testing of digests in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test. PMID- 7007186 TI - Saccharin: para forms of some impurities are not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7007188 TI - [Treatment of temporomandibular joint luxations by implantation of preserved bone or cartilage]. PMID- 7007187 TI - [Chronic iatrogenic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 7007189 TI - [Recommendations for therapy of juvenile thalassemia major]. AB - Haemosiderosis is the most common cause of death in patients with thalassaemia major because of haemolysis and the necessary repeated transfusions. It is possible to reduce the lethal iron burden by means of iron-chelating agents. We combine a two-day-high-transfusion-regimen of packed cells with the application of high doses of desferrioxamine (500 mg/kg body weight) intravenously. This way we achieve good iron elimination with minimal psychological stress situations. PMID- 7007190 TI - [Non-infectious oral aphthous disorders. 2. Behcet's syndrome (malignant aphthosis)]. AB - Behcet's (Behcet-Touraine's resp.) disease is a very serious systemic vasculitis exhibiting the clinical features of simultaneously or successively recurrent oral aphthosis, genital lesions and ophthalmitis (mainly of uveitis type). During relapsing acute phases of generalisation multifocal visceral, arthritic and/or neurological manifestations with life-threatening complications may develop. The disease which in some geographic areas (Japan, Near East) is observed with rather high prevalence rates, is also assumed to occur in Central Europe more frequently as being diagnosed so far. As to early recognition, the recurrent oral aphthosis spread in the entire oro-pharynx ("malignant aphthosis") is of importance. The present view of aetiopathogenesis deals with an abnormal increase of circulating immune complexes (mainly IgG complexes) against mucosal and/or microbial antigens, which accumulate in both small and larger blood vessels elicidating a severe immunocomplex vasculitis with necrotising tissue damage. For therapeutic management systemic high dose treatment with corticosteroids including immunosuppressive drugs is mandatory. PMID- 7007191 TI - Recent concepts on platelet function and dietary lipids in coronary thrombosis, vasospasm and angina. PMID- 7007192 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on pulsatile and continuous flow during extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients who underwent open-heart surgery, the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, free hemoglobin, and cholinesterase were measured before, during and after pulsatile and continuous perfusion. Pulsatile flow was achieved by modification of a roller pump to effect rapid acceleration and slowing. The driving motor was interfaced with a control module to enable ECG-triggered perfusion. In addition to the clinical studies, investigations were performed in 9 dogs to assess the effects of pulsatile and continuous perfusion on liver and pancreas flow during total bypass. During pulsatile perfusion there was a significant increase in insulin which, however, was clearly diminished in relation to glucose levels. The response of the beta cells was markedly more compromised after continuous than pulsatile perfusion. The secondary postoperative increase in insulin can be accounted for by intravenous administration of glucose and, particularly, after pulsatile perfusion, indicates an almost completely normal response of pancreatic beta cells. As opposed to the effects of continuous perfusion, the low glucose, glucagon, and growth hormone levels, the insulin increase during and after pulsatile perfusion as well as normal cholinesterase values observed in association with pulsatile perfusion appear to be the result of improved pancreatic and hepatic function. This contention is supported by the experimental finding of significantly increased pancreas and liver perfusion during pulsatile perfusion. PMID- 7007193 TI - Unstable angina - an overview. AB - Unstable angina pectoris is an intermediate syndrome between classic exercise induced angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction characterized by the appearance of new ischemic pain, the development of more intense pain, often at rest, or intermittent ischemic attacks complicating the early recovery phase of established acute myocardial infarction. The major risk of unstable angina pectoris is acute myocardial infarction which may occur in about 25% of the patients during the three months following onset of symptoms. Physiologically, ECG changes and hemodynamic alterations generally precede the onset of pain. In unstable angina, the accompanying hemodynamic change and increased oxygen demand in the already-ischemic heart represents positive feedback creating further instability. The hemodynamic alterations may be the result of an abnormal response to stress or to inappropriately high chemoceptor discharge. While coronary spasm may play a definite role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina, other factors such as hemorrhage into the wall of an atherosclerotic plaque, peripheral embolization in the coronary tree from a proximal soft cholesterol "abscess", changes in platelet adherence and aggregability or altered vascular responsiveness must be taken into consideration. Treatment is directed toward inducing coronary and peripheral vasodilatation and reducing cardiac work with medications such as nitrates, calcium antagonists and, with reservations, beta adrenergic blockers. In patients unresponsive to medical therapy, treatment with the aortic counter-pulsating balloon has been recommended. Surgery should be performed on an elective and not an emergency basis. The full clinical and pathologic significance of unstable angina pectoris is still being uncovered. Problems for the future lie in further exploration of the mechanism, treatment and prevention of the entity. PMID- 7007194 TI - Insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis: decreased insulin binding to circulating monocytes. AB - Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis. Since insulin receptor decrease has been demonstrated in some conditions of insulin resistance, we have studied insulin binding to circulating monocytes in eleven patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Specific insulin binding at tracer concentration was lower in cirrhotics than in control subjects (p < 0.005). Insulin binding to monocytes was correlated with basal plasma insulin level in cirrhotics (r = -0.76; p < 0.01). The inhibiting effect of native insulin on 125I-insulin binding was similar in cirrhotics and controls suggesting that concentration rather than affinity of the binding sites is affected in cirrhosis of the liver. These findings suggest that decrease in insulin receptor concentration exists in liver cirrhosis, probably as a consequence of chronic hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7007195 TI - Effects of glicentine on insulin secretion. AB - The glucagon-like immunoreactivity of the gastrointestinal tract is heterogeneous, probably including several different peptides. One of these peptides, glicentine, has recently been extracted and highly purified. Furthermore, by immunocytochemistry a glicentine-like peptide has been reported to occur in the glucagon cell of the pancreatic islets. In the present study we investigated the effects of pure glicentine on insulin release in vivo in mice. The effects were compared with effects of two other peptides, glucagon and GIP. It was found that glicentine had no influence on basal insulin secretion. This was in contrast to equimolar doses of glucagon and GIP, which both stimulated the secretion of insulin. Glucose-induced insulin release was partially inhibited by glicentine. D-glucose, in a dose selected to give a response of 25% of its maximal, raised the plasma insulin concentrations by 44.0 +/- 5.9 microU/ml. The corresponding rise for glicentine plus D-glucose was 22.3 +/- 3.7 microU/ml, i.e. glicentine inhibited glucose-induced insulin released by about 50% (p < 0.01). GIP, on the other hand, enhanced glucose-induced insulin release. This enhancement was diminished by glicentine, a reflection of the inhibition by glicentine of the glucose-induced insulin release. Neither glicentine nor GIP in the doses tested had any effect on insulin secretion induced by cholinergic stimulation. In conclusion, glicentine seems to have no effect on basal insulin release in the mouse, but it partially inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion. Thus, if the recently demonstrated glicentine-like peptide in the glucagon cell is authentic glicentine, the glucagon cell of the pancreatic islets may contain peptides with stimulatory (glucagon) as well as inhibitory (glicentine) effects on insulin secretion induced by glucose. PMID- 7007197 TI - Glucose metabolism following endotoxin administration in diabetic rats. AB - The altered glucose metabolism characteristic of endotoxin-induced shock was studied in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Endotoxin administration led to an exaggerated hyperglycemia in the diabetic rats. The exaggerated hyperglycemia appeared to be a consequence of an increased hepatic output of glucose, presumably via gluconeogenesis, as evidenced by an exaggerated glucose turnover following endotoxin. Diabetic and non-diabetic rats responded to endotoxin similarly with respect to blood pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, blood pH and plasma lactate. Endotoxin administration did not affect urine flow rate or urinary glucose excretion in either diabetic or non-diabetic rats. PMID- 7007196 TI - The insulin-like effects of low molecular weight thiols: role of trace metal contamination of commercial thiols. AB - During the investigation of insulin-like effects of low molecular weight thiols in rat adipocytes it was found that thiol autoxidation to H2O2 occurred even in the absence of albumin and cells. Since chromatography of the thiols on a chelating ion exchange resin prevented H2O2 formation, it is likely that trace metal contaminations of the thiol preparations catalyzed thiol autoxidation in oxygenated solutions. Incubation of rat adipocytes with 1 mM dithioerythritol and low concentrations of dialyzed albumin stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport, glucose metabolism to CO2 and lipids, and formate resin or in most instances incubation with EDTA or catalase prevented these effects. The antilipolytic effect of dithioerythritol was also abolished by catalase. The insulin-like effects of thiols therefore appear to be solely mediated by H2O2 generated during thiol autoxidation catalyzed by trace metal contaminants either of albumin or of the commercial thiol preparation itself. PMID- 7007199 TI - Distribution pattern of PTH in human parathyroid adenomas. An immunhistochemical study. PMID- 7007198 TI - Comparative studies of the antilipolytic effect of insulin and adenosine in the perifused isolated fat cell. AB - Insulin and adenosine are both antilipolytic when studied in the epinephrine stimulated perifused isolated fat cell. Submaximal combinations of insulin plus adenosine are additive but not synergistic. The polypeptide hormone insulin produces an antilipolytic effect which manifests itself as a "lag" in restoration of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis after removal of the insulin. No such lag is observed with the non-peptide, small molecular weight adenosine. Herein, we demonstrate the antilipolytic effect of two distinct, physiologically important agents in the perifused isolated fat cell. PMID- 7007201 TI - Purification and properties of boar acrosin. AB - An isolation procedure in the presence of non-ionic detergents has been developed for the large-scale preparation of boar acrosin. Five steps including hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose resulted in a 161-fold purification of the enzyme with an accumulation yield of 41%. The resultant acrosin preparation had a molecular weight of 38,000, an isoelectric point of 10.5 and a specific activity of 37 U/mg. Apparent homogeneity was judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. A polarity index of 41.2% was calculated from the amino acid composition. Acrosin was stable at pH 5.5 in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100. In the absence of detergent acrosin was strongly adsorbed on plastic surfaces. PMID- 7007200 TI - Kallikrein content of rat pancreatic acinar cells or islets by direct radioimmunoassay. AB - Recent reports have suggested that kallikreins may enzymatically convert proinsulin to insulin. The quantity of rat pancreatic kallikrein in isolated Islets of Langerhans, acinar cells and in whole pancreatic extracts was measured by direct radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Immunoreactive kallikrein content in acinar cells was 813 +/- 111 ng/mg protein (mean +/- S.E.M.). In whole pancreatic homogenates, it was 1303 +/- 213 ng/mg protein. Appreciable quantities of the enzyme were not detected in islets. Kallikrein activity as measured with a rat uterine bioassay had similar distribution. Because of the localization of kallikrein, it is unlikely that the enzyme is involved in the in vivo conversion of proinsulin to insulin. PMID- 7007202 TI - N-Terminal amino acid sequence of boar sperm acrosin. Homology with other serine proteinases. AB - Boar acrosin with a molecular weight of 38,000 had been isolated. An N-terminal amino acid sequence of 52 residues was determined on the S-carboxymethylated material. The protein contains a single peptide chain. Up to 48% of the positions in the sequence show identity with those of some serine proteinases. The highest degree of homology was found at the comparison with plasmin and chymotrypsin. The N-terminus of acrosin corresponds to that of a serine proteinase in the activated form. The N-terminal amino acid is valine. PMID- 7007204 TI - Automatic classification of laryngeal dysfunction using the roots of the digital inverse filter. PMID- 7007203 TI - Central laundries can resolve conceptual, operational problems. AB - Resolving the problems of cost and quality that plague many central laundry systems requires comprehensive analysis, managerial latitude and continuity, and long-term monitoring. PMID- 7007206 TI - Reflections of nursing: portrait or carricature? PMID- 7007205 TI - Application of homomorphic deconvolution to dilution curves. PMID- 7007207 TI - Leukaemic presentation in Burkitt's lymphoma. A case report and review of literature. PMID- 7007208 TI - [Microbiological surveillance in patients treated by bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Patients suffering from acute leukemia were treated by bone marrow transplantation under strict gnotobiotic conditions. The microbiological surveillance was performed during three phases: the admission phase, the phase of decontamination and reverse isolation and the reconventionalisation phase. During the second phase no infections of exogenous origine occurred. All clinically manifest infections in this phase were induced by unsuppressed endogenous bacteria. In our study the bacteria of oropharynx was the main source of infections therefore this biotop deserves special attention during the microbiological surveillance of the immune compromised host. In leukemia patients selective decontamination will be the method of choice, but considering the possibility of GvHR in patients with bone marrow transplantation a complete decontamination should be achieved. PMID- 7007209 TI - Antibody-independent complement activation by a subpopulation of mitogen-induced human T lymphoblasts. AB - A study was made of the complement activation (CA) capacity of human T lymphoblasts obtained in vitro by PHA stimulation of highly purified T cells. The CA was studied by immunofluorescent detection of the C3 fragments deposited onto the cell membrane following incubation in autologous normal human serum (NHS). Whereas resting T cells did not stain, a mean of 12% of the blast cells were positive for monospecific anti-human C3 fluorescent serum. The possible mechanism through which C3 was deposited on the cell membrane may be a consequence of CA, because complement membrane fluorescence (CMF) was abolished by chelation of divalent cations with EDTA, complement inactivation by heating or incubation at low temperature. This reaction appears to occur in the absence of antibodies, because similar results were found when human agammaglobulinaemic serum was used as the complement source. The addition of ethyleneglycolbis-(aminoethylether) tetraacetate (EGTA), supplemented with MgCl2 to the NHS failed to abolish the fluorescence, indicating that the alternative pathway was involved in the phenomenon. It is likely that the capacity to activate complement may distinguish a functional subpopulation of human T lymphoblasts. PMID- 7007210 TI - Variation in the susceptibility of bovine mycoplasmas to killing by the alternative complement pathway in bovine serum. AB - All but one of nine Acholeplasma strains were susceptible to killing by gnotobiotic-calf serum while all but one of fifteen Mycoplasma strains were resistant. The mechanism of killing was examined using inhibitors of complement, viz. EDTA. MgEGTA. epsilon-amino caproic acid, and also by desalting serum and adding MgCl2 and CaCl2. The results indicated that, when strains were killed by serum from gnotobiotic calves it was by the alternative complement pathway. However, experiments with mycoplasmas and Escherichia coli indicated that the effect of MgEGTA was not identical for bovine and human sera. Sensitivity to killing by the alternative complement pathway in bovine serum appeared to be a property of avirulent strains and resistance to killing may be regarded as a virulence determinant of mycoplasmas. PMID- 7007211 TI - Rheumatoid factors in mice: plaque assay for homophile and heterophile rheumatoid factors. AB - It was found that a high proportion of IgM-producing cells secrete homophile or heterophile rheumatoid factors (RF). Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into CBA mice resulted in a sharp increase in total IgM and in RF-producing cells and in some cases resulted in an increase in RF-producing cells as a proportion of total IgM. RF plaques are indirect IgM in the sense that they require development by IgG2 (anti-IgM) antibody for visualization in a standard haemolytic plaque assay. The RF response to LPS is both dose- and time-dependent. PMID- 7007213 TI - Differences in inhibition of the growth of commensal and enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by lactotransferrin and secretory immunoglobulin A isolated from human milk. AB - Immunoglobulins from bovine and human colostrum and milk and lactotransferrin (LTF) from human milk were investigated for bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli growing in a tissue culture medium. When tested separately, LTF or secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) from pooled human milk showed only slight bacteriostatic activity against human commensal or enteropathogenic strains of E. coli. Together, they had a considerable bacteriostatic effect, but only against strains of enteropathogenic serotype. This activity of the sIgA from pooled human milk was consistent for all enteropathogenic serotypes tested, but sIgA isolated from individual milk samples was inactive against some serotypes, and this specificity was associated with antibody to the O antigens. The activity of the sIgA was stable to heat at 56 degrees for 2 h but was lost progressively on heating at 65 degrees for 10 min or longer. Bovine colostral IgGl was without bacteriostatic effect alone. Together with LTF, it was active against a strain pathogenic to calves but not against human enteropathogenic strains. Tests on rabbit antisera raised against commensal enteropathogenic strains of E. coli showed that for the enteropathogens the bacteriostatic activity (in association with LTF) was high and was specific for the serotype of the eliciting strain, but bacteriostatic activity was low or absent in the antisera to commensal strains in spite of the presence of high titres of agglutinating antibodies to these strains. PMID- 7007212 TI - Partial characterization of murine and monkey helper factor to a streptococcal antigen. AB - Helper factors specifically stimulating cooperative antibody responses by normal mouse spleen cells to a dinitrophenylated protein antigen from Streptococcus mutans (DNP-SA) were produced in vitro from monkey peripheral blood leucocytes and mouse spleen cells. The factors were partially characterized by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, isoelectric focusing, treatment with heat and degradative enzymes and binding to specific immunoadsorbents. Gel filtration of both the monkey and mouse factors showed coelution with human serum albumin, suggesting a molecular weight of approximately 70,000. The isoelectric points fell within the range of 4.9-5.2 for monkey and 6.4-6.7 for the mouse helper factors. The glycoprotein nature of both factors was suggested by their lability to heat and sensitivity to pronase and neuraminidase. The factors carried a small fragment of the stimulating antigen and showed specific binding to SA but not to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Monkey factor bound to rabbit antisera directed against the Fc portion of monkey IgM, but not to the IgG or IgA isotypes. The mouse factor contained determinants coded for by the I-Ak but not I-Jk subregion of the MHC. Both factors were absorbed by an antiserum to helper factor raised in rabbits against a KLH-specific mouse helper factor as immunogen. A corresponding antiserum to suppressor factor failed to adsorb either factor. This emphasizes the specific identities of helper and suppressor factors and suggests an evolutionary relationship between those derived from monkey and mouse leucocytes. PMID- 7007214 TI - In vitro and in vivo response of lymphoid cells from LHC hamsters to murine thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens. AB - Lymphoid cell populations (spleen, lymph node, peripheral blood, thymus, and bone marrow) from LHC inbred hamsters were studied in order to characterize further the immune response of this species. The direct PFC response to several thymic dependent or thymic-independent antigens was evaluated. A specific direct PFC response occurred 4 days after immunization with SRBC, DNP-BSA, DNP-lys-Ficoll, TNP-LPS, TNP-BA, and SSS-III. Attempts to induce a polyclonal antibody response with LPS, TNP-LPS, SSS-III, and DNP-lys-Ficoll were unsuccessful. A weak polyclonal response was induced with TNP-BA. Spleen cells and PBL responded strongly in vitro to the T-cell mitogens Con A and PHA-P, but gave weak and inconsistent responses to the B-cell mitogens LPS and PI-PC. LHC hamster lymphoid cell populations bore sIg and receptors for C3 (EAC rosettes) in approximately the same ratio as various murine species. However, the profile of the number of cells bearing low-to-intermediate densities of sIg differed significantly from those of murine species when analysed with the FACS. There was a sharp reduction in the number of cells with low-to-intermediate densities of sIg. These data suggest that B cells in this strain and species lack the ability to translate signals which lead to polyclonal antibody synthesis or lack the appropriate populations of B cells that have membrane receptors for mitogens which are thought to induce such activity in murine systems and provide evidence for separate signals that induce thymus-independent and mitogenic responses. The importance of this model for studying mechanisms involved in B-cell activation is discussed. PMID- 7007215 TI - The role of T cells in regulating immunoglobulin class and subclass. AB - A plaque-forming cell assay was used to follow the changes in Ig class and subclass during the response of mice to repeated injections of sheep red cells. The proportion of IgG1 rose, and that of IgG2b fell, as the response proceeded. In cell-transfer experiments both B and T cells displayed this tendency, and when asynchronously primed cells co-operated together, the pattern was characteristic of the longer-primed population. Thus T cells can advance, but cannot reverse, the progress of isotype changes in B cells. Evidence is presented for two physically separable T-cell subpopulations which need to interact in order the help B cells produce certain isotypes. PMID- 7007216 TI - A morphological and functional study on antigen binding and endocytosis by immunocytes. AB - Immunoenzymatic techniques were used to study antigen binding and endocytosis by lymph node cells of rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase, hen ovalbumin and rabbit IgG. The number of antigen-binding cells varied and depended on the type of antigen used, the time after immunization, and was higher after a booster injection. In secondary responses (4 days after booster), about 80% of antigen binding cells were proplasmocytes and plasmocytes; by a double staining procedure it was found that 82% of these cells bore in addition to surface antigen, specific intracytoplasmic antibody as well. About 20% of antigen-binding cells were small and medium lymphocytes which did not contain detectable intracytoplasmic antibody. For ultrastructural studies of the endocytosis, peroxidase was used as the antigen. This antigen was found in cytoplasmic compartments which consisted of vesicles, cisternae and large round bodies (lysosomes?) often located near the Golgi apparatus. However, the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, involved in the synthesis of specific antibody were not sites of retrieval of endocytosed antigen. The effect of endocytosis of antigen on the secretion and synthesis of antibody was studied by the local haemolysis plaque assay and biosynthetic labelling. No change was detected in antibody secretion and synthesis as a result of antigen endocytosis. PMID- 7007217 TI - Factor affecting the in vitro assessment of opsonization: a study of the kinetics of opsonization using the technique of phagocytic chemiluminescence. AB - The importance of several factors involved in the investigation of opsonic defects was studied using phagocytic Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The range for the opsonization of zymosan and bakers' yeast by serum from healthy individuals was wide and kinetic studies showed comparative differences for different periods of incubation, serum concentrations and particles. Decay in the opsonic activity of serum stored at different temperatures was demonstrated and its clinical implications emphasized. By using techniques to ablate independently the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, the contribution of these to the opsonization of zymosan, Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and group B streptococcus (NCTC 11080) by normal and hypogammaglobulinaemic serum at a concentration of 7% was assessed. By comparison of the results obtained for different periods of incubation between particle and serum, the need for consideration of this parameter when assessing opsonic activity was shown. The results using the chemiluminescence assay were compared with those using other methods and were found to correlate well. PMID- 7007218 TI - The in vivo division and death rates of Salmonella typhimurium in the spleens of naturally resistant and susceptible mice measured by the superinfecting phage technique of Meynell. AB - Salmonella typhimurium appears to divide faster in the spleen of naturally susceptible BALB/c than in resistant (B10 x A/J)F1 mice. S. typhimurium M526 is an LT2 derivative lysogenic for a non-excluding P22 mutant which allows superinfection with a second, non-replicating, P22 phage so that the proportion of superinfected organisms halves at each division. The true in vivo division and death rates can be calculated from successive determinations of the proportion of superinfected organisms and the viable count. It was found that the division time was 2.86 h in BALB/c and 5.02 h in (B10 x A/J)F1; the death rate was low and actually greater in the susceptible BALB/c strain. These results suggest that the gene controlling in vivo salmonella net growth rate, which is very important in natural resistance to salmonella infection, acts very early by regulating the division rate, perhaps inside macrophages. The actual mechanism remains unknown. PMID- 7007220 TI - The conversion of an enhancing factor to a suppressor factor by the formation of an aggregate molecule. AB - A non-specific suppressor factor, owl monkey suppressor factor, OMSF, from leukaemic owl monkey peripheral T lymphocytes has been isolated and characterized. OMSF is a glycoprotein of a molecular weight of 66,000 which can be produced from purified owl monkey enhancing factor, OMEF, by both Tris buffer dialysis and by repeated freezing and thawing. SDS gel electrophoresis demonstrates that OMSF is composed of 39,000 mol. wt subunits which co-migrate with the OMEF molecule. This suppressor acts at less than nanogram levels on day 0 of the in vitro immune response to suppress the number of plaque-forming cells produced to sheep red blood cells in a murine assay system and has little effect when added on day 2 to this system. OMSF is bound by antibodies raised specifically against OMEF and inhibits the binding of OMEF to this antiserum in a competitive radioimmunoassay. These results suggest that both enhancement and suppression of the immune response can be mediated by the same molecule under different circumstances. PMID- 7007221 TI - BCG, Corynebacterium parvum or Mycobacterium leprae added to cultures of BCG primed mouse spleen cells cause an enhanced primary antibody response in vitro. AB - A few weeks after mice were injected i.v. with 10(8) live Mycobacterium bovis, BCG, the antibody response of their spleen cells to SRBC in vitro was comparable with the response of cells from untreated mice. Addition of BCG organisms to the culture vessels resulted in enhanced antibody-forming cell (AFC) responses by the primed cells but not by the cells from the untreated mice. No evidence was found for a direct stimulation of B cells and cell depletion experiments suggested macrophages were directly involved. BCG added to the cultures up to 68 h after they were set up, but not later, still caused enhancement. No enhancement was found when DNP-Ficoll was used as antigen. The ability to stimulate the anti-SRBC response was not restricted to the organism used for priming. Enhancement was also found if C. parvum or M. leprae were added to BCG-primed cells and if BCG was added to C. parvum-primed cells. The relevance of the results to the search for a leprosy vaccine is discussed. PMID- 7007219 TI - Purification and properties of a factor from leukaemic T cells which non specifically enhances the antibody response. AB - A non-specific immunoenhancing factor from leukemia owl monkey peripheral T lymphocytes has been purified and partially characterized. Owl monkey enhancing factor, OMEF, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 39,000 and an isoelectric point of pH 6.5. It acts at nanogram levels on day 2 of the in vitro immune response to enhance the number of plaque-forming cells produced to sheep red blood cells in a murine assay system but has no effect when added on day 0 to this system but has no effect when added on day 0 to this system. Antibodies to the purified factor have been produced and binding studies show that OMEF cross reacts with other antisera raised to an enhancing factor produced by a mixture of human allogeneic lymphocytes but shows no cross-reactivity to a murine enhancing factor. PMID- 7007224 TI - Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in some galactose non-utilizing mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7007222 TI - Anti-cancer action of retinoids. AB - The anti-cancer action of retinyl acetate (Vitamin-A acetate, VAA), chosen as a representative retinoid substance, is attributed to its power to exercise immunopotentiation, though other possibilities are considered. The reasons for forming this opinion were: (1) chronic administration of VAA brought about enlargement of the thymus and peripheral lymph nodes; (2) the administration of VAA curtailed the life of skin allografts though (3) its action could be reversed by the concomitant administration of immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7007223 TI - Immunoregulatory effects of covalent antigen-antibody complexes. III. Enhancement or suppression depending on the time of administration of complex relative to a T independent antigen. AB - The photosensitive affinity label NAP (4-azido-2-nitrophenyl) was used to make a stable covalent-bonded monomeric immune complex (Ag2Ab) between rabbit anti-NAP antibody and a bihaptenic compound containing NAP linked to fluorescein (NAP aminocaproyl-lysyl-Fl). This complex injected into mice had marked effects on their subsequent response to fluorescein coupled to a thymus-independent carrier (Fl-ficoll). Depending on the time at which the complex was administered relative to challenge, it was possible to obtain either enhancing or suppressive effects. The enhancing but not the suppressive effect of complex was dependent on immune recognition of the rabbit IgG carrier. While the suppressive effect probably results from complex-mediated inactivation of T-independent B cells, it is suggested that the enhancing effect results from priming of the T-dependent B cells by Fl-Ficoll followed by their triggering into antibody production by rabbit IgG-specific helper cells. PMID- 7007226 TI - Effect of biologically occurring (poly) cationic compounds on some of the pancreatic activities. PMID- 7007227 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from acute diarrhoeal disease in infants and children. PMID- 7007225 TI - Protein degradation & transamination during muscular fatigue. PMID- 7007229 TI - Simulated altitude and plasma renin activity in rats. PMID- 7007228 TI - Effect of three dosage schedules of flurbiprofen on platelet function and coagulation. PMID- 7007230 TI - A report on computer techniques in medicine and biology. PMID- 7007232 TI - Experimental trial of Candida albicans vaccine as a prophylactic and curative measure-a preliminary report. PMID- 7007231 TI - Plate technique adaptation of the widal test. PMID- 7007233 TI - Teratoma of thyroid glands: case report with review of literature. PMID- 7007236 TI - Abnormal urinary kallikrein in hypertension is not related to aldosterone or plasma renin activity. AB - The relationships between urinary kallikrein (Ukal), and plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone (Ualdo), Na+ balance, SK+, and renal function were studied in essential hypertensives (EHT) and normals. Ukal was measured by a radiochemical esterolytic assay. We studied 18 white patients with EHT (15 men, 3 women) ages 31.6 to +/- 2.1 (SEM) yrs, BP 138 +/- 2/95 +/- 2 mm Hg. and 12 white normals (NLS) (7 men, 5 women) ages 30.2 +/- 2.3 yrs, BP 112 +/- 4/71 +/- 2 mm Hg. All received a 5-day diet of 400 mEq Na+, 80 mEq K+/day, and 5 days of 10 mEq Na+, 80 mEq K+/day. All achieved Na+ balance by Day 5. On Day 5 of the low Na+ diet, 24 hr. Ukal in EHT was 15.8 +/- 2.4 (esterase units/24 hr) vs NLS, 17.0 +/- 2.8 PRA was the same in EHT and NLS, but Ualdo was higher in NLS. (Day 5, low Na+, EHT, Ualdo = 29.4 +/0 3.3 microgram/24h. vs NLS 41.8 +/- 4.7, p less than 0.02). Analysis of individuals showed that all NLS increased Ukal after salt restriction, while 3 EHT decreased Ukal after salt restriction. This abnormal response in EHT was not related to abnormalities in Ualdo, PRA, Na+ balance, SK+, or creatinine clearance. In 3 EHT with low-renin EHT, the Ukal response was normal. In two of four patients with primary aldosteronism, Ukal was normal despite increased Ualdo. The Ukal response to salt restriction is abnormal in some EHT, unrelated to Ualdo or PRA, suggesting either a primary defect in Ukal and/or the presence of other factors modulating Ukal in EHT. PMID- 7007234 TI - Sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin systems in the development of two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension in rats. AB - The relative roles of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system in the development of two-kidney renal hypertension were studied using four groups of rats: Group I = vehicle control; Group II = 6-OH-dopamine (2 weeks prior to renal clipping then weekly throughout the study); Group III = adrenal medullectomy plus vehicle; Group IV = 6-OH-dopamine plus adrenal medullectomy. Six weeks after clipping of a single renal artery, plasma renin activity (PRA) was comparably elevated in all groups. However, mean blood pressure (MBP) of Group II was lower than that of Group I controls (154.7 +/- 6.8 vs 197.3 +/- 6.6 mm Hg respectively). The MBP of Group III (207.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg) was not different from that of Group I whereas in Group IV (134.2 +/- 18.0 mm Hg) it was markedly lower. All groups of rats were given a single dose of captopril (30 mg/kg p.o.) to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. Despite differences in starting MBP, captopril caused similar reductions (38-50%) of MBP and increases in PRA in all groups. Similar results were obtained in two-kidney renal hypertensive rats with hypertension of 12 weeks' duration. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system does not contribute to the elevated PRA in two-kidney renal hypertensive rats but does contribute significantly to the development of hypertension in this model. PMID- 7007235 TI - Can simple clinical measurements detect patient noncompliance? AB - Measurement of patient compliance is essential if management of low compliance is to be performed efficiently. We assessed the value of several easily obtained clinical assessments compared to quantitative pill counts among 134 newly treated hypertensive male steelworkers during the first 6 months of their treatment with antihypertensive medication. Patient's self-reports obtained on structured interview correlated best with pill count compliance (r = 0.74, p less than 0.0001). Patients overestimated their compliance by an average of 17% but 90% of those who admitted to being noncompliant were found so. Qualitative urinary chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide levels and changes in serum potassium, uric acid, and blood pressure also correlated with pill count compliance but were less accurate than interviews. Assessment of the patient's "health beliefs" and a variety of sociodemographic and health traits and perceptions did not provide useful information on compliance. Interviewing the patient is a simple and useful approach in assessing compliance with antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7007237 TI - Effect of dietary salt on hemodynamics of established renal hypertension in the rabbit. Implications for the autoregulation theory of hypertension. AB - Two groups of 10 rabbits were subjected to renal cellophane wrapping and sham operation. Their initial mean arterial pressures (MAP) were similar, 92 +/- 1.5 and 90 +/- 2.9 mm Hg. Six weeks later three experimental periods began, each of 2 weeks' duration, on low, normal, and high salt (1, 9, and 50 mmole Na/100 g food) diets. Each group had two subgroups: rabbits with both kidneys, and rabbits with only one kidney and previous nephrectomy. The hemodynamic findings were similar in each group. After sham operation, the range of dietary salt produced no significant circulatory changes. After wrapping, MAP was reduced on low compared with normal and high salt diets (122 vs 132 and 136 mm Hg; p = 0.01). This was entirely due to lowering of cardiac output (CO) on low salt; on normal and high salt CO was higher than in sham-operated rabbits. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the wrapped animals was unaffected by diet, i.e., 21.4, 20.5, and 21.2 units on low, normal, and high salt--about 35% above values of sham-operated rabbits. Volume-related CO changes therefore produce long-term changes in MAP without alteration in TPR, which is not in conformity with the autoregulation theory of hypertension. Evidence of impaired capacity of wrapped compared with sham-operated rabbits to handle salt included diet-related hematocrit changes, lower creatinine clearance, and some differences in renin responses to salt. Giving saralasin reduced TPR while the rabbits were on low salt; the fall was twice as great in wrapped compared with sham-operated rabbits. PMID- 7007238 TI - Total and kallikrein arginine esterase activities in the urine of salt hypertensive susceptible and resistant rats. AB - Urinary enzymes that hydrolyze the artificial substrate alpha-N-p-tosyl-L arginine methyl ester (TAME) were studied in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt resistant (R) rats. Total urinary TAME esterase activity (kallikrein and non kallikrein) showed a marked increase with dialysis against water, but only in hypertensive S rats with proteinuria. This phenomenon suggests the presence of dialyzable TAME esterase inhibitor(s) in urine following renal damage, but these data do not define what urinary esterases might be affected. Partially purified urinary kallikrein exhibited a ratio of kininogenase to esterase activity which was equal for S and R rats. Thus, the marked discrepancy between kininogenase and esterase activities reported by Carretero et al. with S and R whole urine is not a function of the S and R kallikrein molecules but is probably related to interfering substances in the whole urine. Urinary kallikrein excretion was measured on individual rat samples by TAME esterase activity following dialysis and separation from non-kallikrein TAME esterase(s) using DEAE-Sephadex minicolumns. S rats had lower urinary kallikrein excretion that R when the S rats were hypertensive and showed marked proteinuria. Young S and R rats raised on low salt showed similar blood pressures and similar kallikrein excretion. High salt (8% NaCl) diet decreased kallikrein excretion in both S and R, but the decrease was greater in the S rats which became hypertensive and had increased urine protein excretion. These data suggest that the lower urinary kallikrein excretion in S rats relative to R rats is probably a consequence of hypertension and renal damage rather than a primary cause of hypertension. PMID- 7007239 TI - [The masters of surgery in the 18th century]. PMID- 7007240 TI - [Removable orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 7007241 TI - [Possible physiologic results of preliminary impressions, achieved with an impression tray. Registration of an intermaxillary relation aided by the auto articulator, in the treatment of the total bimaxillary edentulousness]. PMID- 7007242 TI - [Changes in glucose, fat and hormone balance induced by the postoperative administration of alanine solution]. AB - Seven patients undergoing cholcystektomy received a 5 pevcent solution of alanine (90 mg/kg/h) during a period of 8 hours on the 1. postoperative day. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis was observed with increase of glucose from 5,9 +/- 0,2 to 6,3 +/- 0,2 mmol/l. Initially the level of ketone bodies decreased (acetoacetate 70 +/- 23 to 17 +/- 6 mumol/l) but again increased to start values during infusion of alanine. Insulin increased twofold from 7,6 +/- 1,4 microU/ml to 14,6 +/- 4,0, and had a constant level during infusion as did glucagon, which increased from 561 +/- 70 to 608 +/- 74 pg/ml. Nitrogen balance during infusionsperiod was almost zero (0,04 +/- 0,09 g/h minus) showing a significant difference to balances calculated from periods before and after infusion of alanine (0,57 +/- 0,07 and 0,53 +/- 0,06 g/h deficit respectively). Direct influence on peripheral glucose alanine cycle and increased gluconeogenetic substrate seem to be responsible for the nitrogen sparing effect of alanine. PMID- 7007243 TI - [Behavior of the growth hormone in severe cerebral trauma with secondary injuries of the brain stem. New viewpoints for therapy I]. AB - 19 patients developing signs os secondary brain stem involvement after severe head-brain injury underwent human growth hormone (HGH) provocation tests with arginine to determine the significance of HGH during the course of catabolism due to vegetative dysfunction. The results of provocation suggest a normal release of HGH to arginine stimulus during the postagression syndrome. The release decreases in the further course dependent on duration of intensive therapy and degree of brain injury. During recovery the HGH-release slowly became normalized. There was no correlation between blood glucose levels before as well as after stimulation and the percentage increase of HGH. A negative correlation was found between urea nitrogen-excretion and HGH increase. This finding suggests the retention of nitrogen due to an elevated release of HGH after arginine-stimulation. The therapeutic aspects of these results were discussed, especially the effect of HGH and beta-blocking agents on the traumatically disturbed metabolism and also the value of a higher supply of insulin and amino acids. PMID- 7007244 TI - [Effects of L-sorbose on the intact rat. Sorbose effects]. PMID- 7007245 TI - Historical survey of mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7007247 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure in acute ventilatory insufficiency. PMID- 7007246 TI - Common ventilatory modes: terminology. PMID- 7007248 TI - Nursing assessment of intermittent mandatory ventilation. AB - IMV provides the ICU nurse responsible for total multifunctional patient care with many advantages. First of all, it allows more time to perform other needed tasks. Time is made available for counseling the patient and family; consulting with the social worker, occupational therapist, and other staff members; and participating actively on team patient care conferences. IMV permits the patient to perform at an optimal level throughout the ICU stay and to participate in the treatment program. This is perhaps the greatest advantage of IMV for both the nurse and the patient. The patient's comprehension and ability to communicate are not limited by sedation or anxiety, the patient is more responsive when at least some control is retained over the environment. This reassures the family. Allowing the patient to be as awake and alert as possible not only assists the staff in assessment but allows positive feedback to the patient. It is difficult for a nurse to argue with the advantages of this method in contrast to the difficulty of caring for a sedated patient receiving controlled ventilation. Incrementally decreased ventilatory support lessens anxiety during weaning, thereby minimizing one of the negative aspects of critical illness. Because less sedation is required, the patient's overall safety is improved. The ICU team can more easily find out about such problems as abdominal pain and difficulty in breathing. An alarm aids the nurse in discriminating anxiety from hypoxia/hypercapnia. With definitive guidelines for its use and careful delineation of team members' responsibilities, IMV provides the nurse with a simple, flexible, and innovative tool for patient care. PMID- 7007249 TI - Critique of intermittent mandatory ventilation. AB - Kirby and Downs are to be congratulated for introducing a technique that has greatly extended the principles of the old Engstrom ventilator. IMV permits diagnostic distinction and therapeutic choice between lung distention, for mechanical improvement and oxygen exchange, and mechanical ventilation for pH homeostasis. They have stimulated great interest on the part of manufacturers and clinicians. Factual physiological support is still relatively slim, hypotheses greatly outstripping their supporting data. Much of the existing data are as yet either poorly based or, in one or two instances, in error. Where data do exist, their clinical importance is frequently unclear--effects on cardiac output being a good example. The obvious popularity of this technique certainly justifies its further study, and I look forward to seeing the results. I hope that, if studies being carried out in our own intensive care unit are subject to a similar degree of criticism, my resilience will equal that of the authors of these very interesting chapters. PMID- 7007250 TI - Early development: intermittent mandatory ventilation in neonatal respiratory support. PMID- 7007251 TI - Apparatus and techniques for intermittent mandatory ventilation. PMID- 7007252 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation and weaning. AB - Oxygen, PEEP, and mechanical ventilatory therapy should be administered to patients in varying amounts and should be removed gradually and independently. The method of determining optimal PEEP, oxygen, and ventilation is not unlike that recommended for many other therapies. Nine years of prospective evaluation have demonstrated the numerous clinical advantages of this technique, and relatively few complications have been associated with it. Reduced FIO2 may promote resistance to atelectasis and allow rapid discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and PEEP. Similarly, optimal levels of PEEP may improve matching of ventilation and perfusion and assist lung mechanics so that FIO2 and mechanical ventilation may be reduced. Minimal mechanical ventilatory support eliminates iatrogenic respiratory alkalosis, and weaning from ventilatory support may be initiated early. This, in turn, minimizes the detrimental effects of mechanical ventilation on acid-base balance and cardiovascular function, as well as lessening barotrauma. We think that this approach has simplified the clinical management of patients with compromised repiratory function and decreased their mortality. PMID- 7007253 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of intermittent mandatory ventilation. AB - IMV is a combination of spontaneous and mechanical ventilation. For numerous reasons, IMV is potentially more advantageous than conventional techniques. By maintaining spontaneous breathing, mechanical augmentation can be titrated to adjust alveolar minute ventilation levels to normal, thereby decreasing the incidence of respiratory alkalemia. There are major differences between the cardiopulmonary effects of IMV and conventional mechanical ventilation. Spontaneous inspiration decreases Ppl and results in better distribution of inspired gas, a better V/Q, and less physiological dead space. In addition, transmural filling pressures, venous return, and cardiac output are more normal than during conventional mechanical ventilation. Maintenance of spontaneous ventilation lowers mean Paw and pulmonary vascular resistance. If venous admixture occurs, it can be minimized by titrating PEEP. Thus, more effective therapy for hypoxemia is possible. If spontaneous breathing is to persist and be efective, work-of-breathing must be minimized. This can be accomplished best when a continuous flow of gas provides optimal CPAP to maintain FRC and to minimize the effects of decreased compliance without depressing cardiac function. PMID- 7007254 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of normal and neoplastic human hematopoietic surface antigens. AB - Normal and neoplastic human hematopoietic cells were examined for surface markers by a variety of techniques including cytotoxicity assays using anti-HTLA and anti Ia antiserum with viability measured by trypan blue exclusion and automated flow cytometry; E- and EAC-rosette binding assays and surface immunoglobulin measured by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In most cases there was good agreement among these assays. However, one case of CLL of T origin (92% E-rosette-positive) also showed significant amounts of Ia antigen by cytotoxicity tests; additionally, a case of CML in blast crisis demonstrated no E or EAC markers or surface immunoglobulin, but the majority of cells were lysed by both anti-HTLA and anti-Ia antiserum. Thus, Ia is not an exclusive B cell marker. PMID- 7007255 TI - A new technique for determination of immobilizing antibodies against E. coli using capillary tubes. AB - A new technique for determining immobilizing Escherichia coli antibodies is described. Capillary glass tubes were filled with semisolid, lactose-containing agar, supplemented with the antiserum to be tested. The highest dilution of antiserum still immobilizing the bacteria was registered. PMID- 7007256 TI - Flow-cytometric analysis of human basophil degranulation. III. Degranulation induced by allergens and antibodies in hay fever and bee venom allergic patients. AB - Human basophil degranulation responses to grass pollen and whole bee venom as allergens and to anti-IgE and anti-IgG4 as antibodies in hay fever and bee venom allergic patients were assessed using a flow-cytometric system. The concordance of basophil degranulation with skin tests and RAST assays reached more than 90%. These allergens and antibodies could degranulate basophils in a dose-dependent manner; however, there was a wide variation in the response of basophils obtained from different individuals. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the degree of degranulation by allergens and anti-IgE, or by allergens and anti-IgG4, but this was not the case between serum IgE concentrations and basophil response to anti-IgE. These data suggest that 'releasability' of basophils upon challenge by allergens and antibodies is also an important parameter in determining the degree of hypersensitivity in each subject. PMID- 7007257 TI - Decrease in cholera toxin-binding T cells in aged mice and human volunteers. AB - The capacity of T cell-enriched populations of cells from mice and human volunteers to bind cholera toxin was analyzed by means of a fluorescence activated cell sorter. In aged mice and humans, the number of cells capable of binding high concentrations of cholera toxin was lower than that in young mice and humans. The capacity to bind cholera toxin may be one of the useful indicators for the detection of aging in the immune system. PMID- 7007258 TI - Comparison of red-cell linked anti-IgE and 125I-labelled anti-IgE in a solid phase system for the measurement of IgE specific for castor bean allergen. AB - The report described the development of a mixed reverse (solid-phase) passive antiglobulin haemadsorption (MRsPAH) test for specific IgE antibody to castor bean allergen. The allergen is immobilised by formalin fixation in the wells of polyvinyl chloride microtitre plates. After allowing allergen-specific antibodies in the test serum to bind to the allergen, plates are washed thoroughly, and red cells coupled by chromic chloride to sheep IgG anti-human IgE are used to detect specifically bound IgE. This system was compared with a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in which 125I-labelled anti-IgE was substituted for the antiglobulin-linked red cells of the MRsPAH test; the earlier stages of both tests being the same. 12 sera, 10 from patients with allergic asthma to castor bean allergen and two from non-allergic controls, were tested for castor-bean specific serum IgE by both methods and the results showed high correlation. The MRsPAH tst for allergen-specific serum IgE provides a useful alternative to the RAST system, being free of the disadvantages inherent in the use of radio labelled materials. PMID- 7007261 TI - Topical and systemic therapy for pyodermas. PMID- 7007262 TI - The history of tropical dermatology and the 1907 International Congress of Dermatology. PMID- 7007259 TI - Evaluation of neoalleviase (NA-1700) in heroin detoxification: preliminary report on toxicity and efficacy including prophylactic measure in mice and clinical study. AB - Neoalleviase (NA-1700) is a specially formulated unique combination of 14 well identified species of higher plants whose extracts were obtained through an enzymatic process with macerozymes prior to clinical study. Toxicity and efficacy tests were satisfactorily performed by bioassay with 120 mice under double-blind conditions for 82 days. Straub tests facilitated efficacy proof in mice. Neoalleviase (530 mg capsules q.i.d.) was administered to 268 active heroin addicts under double-blind conditions. The established dosage schedule was utilized over a 35 day drug administration period (maximum) with a follow-up observation at 10 months. Himmelsback's techniques were used to determine withdrawal scores. The results of this study indicated that Neoalleviase (NA 1700) effectively suppressed withdrawal signs and symptoms without undesirable major side effects at the given therapeutic dose level. It appears to be potentially the most promising heroin detoxification agent. PMID- 7007260 TI - Acupuncture in methadone withdrawal. AB - Acupuncture was applied to 35 patients in a blind control manner in methadone withdrawal over a period of 6 months. It was found by analyzing their urine that 82.9% of these patients used illicit drugs during the research period. Results of the study seriously question the validity of the use of acupuncture in methadone withdrawal. The factors influencing the use of illicit drugs are discussed. PMID- 7007263 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of a major secretory protein from rat seminal vesicle. PMID- 7007264 TI - Preferred conformation of the tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino group in peptides. AB - Structural parameters, derived from X-ray crystallographic data, have been compiled for amino acid and linear peptide derivatives which contain the N terminal tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group or its next higher homolog, the tert amyloxycarbonyl group. The comparison of the geometry of the urethane group in Boc-derivatives with that of the peptide group shows small differences in bond angles about the trigonal carbon, because of altered interactions when a C alpha H group of a peptide unti is replaced by an ester oxygen. In contrast to the strong preference of the peptide bond for the trans form (except when it precedes proline), the urethane amide bond adopts both the cis and trans conformations in crystals. The cis urethane conformation is preferred in crystals of compounds with a tertiary nitrogen (such as Boc-Pro) or in structures stabilized by strong intermolecular interactions. Conformational energy computations on Boc-amino acid N'-methylamides indicate that the trans and cis conformations of the urethane amide bone have nearly equal energies (even for amino acids other than proline), in contrast to the peptide bond, for which the trans conformation has a much lower energy. The computed increase of the cis content in Boc-amino acid derivatives (as compared with the corresponding N-acetyl derivatives) is consistent with the observed distributions of conformations in crystal structures and with n.m.r. studies in solution. Usually, the substitution of a Boc for an N acetyl end group does not alter the conformational preferences (as indicated by phi, psi values and relative energies) of the amino acid residue which follows the end group when the amide bond is trans. Particular conformations, however, can be stabilized by strong attractive interactions between some side chains (e.g. that of phenylalanine) the the bulky Boc end group. PMID- 7007265 TI - Study priorities identified by nurses in mental health settings. PMID- 7007266 TI - [Pro and con: Panmyelopathy: stem cell or autoimmune disease. Arguments for a disease of hemopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7007268 TI - [Summary: Panmyelopathy: a disease picture with heterogeneous pathogenesis]. PMID- 7007267 TI - [Pro and con: Panmyelopathy: stem cell or autoimmune disease? Arguments in favor of an autoimmune disease]. PMID- 7007269 TI - [Pro and con: Immunotherapy in acute leukemia. Arguments for immunotherapy]. PMID- 7007270 TI - [Pro and con: Immunotherapy in acute leukemia. Arguments against immunotherapy]. PMID- 7007271 TI - [Pro and con: Aggressive or conventional treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Arguments in favor of aggressive treatment]. PMID- 7007272 TI - [Pro and con: Aggressive or conventional treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Arguments in favor of conventional treatment]. PMID- 7007273 TI - [Summary: Therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia--prognosis]. PMID- 7007274 TI - [Pro and con: Consumption coagulopathy--heparin treatment? Arguments in favor of heparin treatment]. PMID- 7007275 TI - [Pro and con: Consumption coagulopathy--heparin treatment? Arguments against heparin treatment]. PMID- 7007276 TI - [Pro and con: Aggregation inhibitors in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct. Arguments in favor of aggregation inhibitors]. PMID- 7007277 TI - [Pro and con: Aggregation inhibitors in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct. Arguments against aggregation inhibitors]. PMID- 7007278 TI - [Summary: Aggregation inhibitors in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7007279 TI - [Pro and con: Anticoagulation or thrombocyte function inhibitors in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct? Arguments in favor of thrombocyte function inhibitors]. PMID- 7007281 TI - [Summary: Secondary prophylaxis following myocardial re-infarct. Anticoagulants or thrombocyte function inhibitors?]. PMID- 7007282 TI - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7007280 TI - [Pro and con: Anticoagulation or thrombocyte function inhibitors in the prophylaxis of myocardial infarct? Arguments in favor of anticoagulation]. PMID- 7007283 TI - Patterns of glucose intolerance and free fatty acid behavior in viral hepatitis. AB - Twenty-one viral hepatitis patients underwent i.v. glucose tolerance tests during the acute phase of the illness. The results, expressed as the constant of glucose disappearance (Kg), were compared with those of 10 healthy control subjects. When the patients were grouped according to Kg-less than 0.9 or greater than 1.2 min-1 it was found that eight showed a delayed glucose disappearance together with a moderate hypoinsulinemic response (pattern 1). Another eight showed a normal glucose disappearance together with a hyperinsulinemic response (pattern 2). Five patients had intermediate Kg values. High levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were a consistent finding in all patients, indicating that unrestrained lipolysis is an important feature of hepatitis. The extent of decrease in plasma FFA in response to the glucose load was markedly lower in all hepatitis patients than in the control subjects; the rate of decrease was most delayed in the pattern 1 patients. This suggested that the increased FFA availability is an expression of adipose tissue insulin resistance, which, in contrast to glucose disappearance, remains uncompensated by the relative hyperinsulinemia. It may contribute to the diminished peripheral glucose utilization, particularly in pattern 1 patients. We conclude that the different patterns of response in hepatitis may be discerned in one patient group by extending the diagnostic criteria of the glucose tolerance test. In addition to the differences in the magnitude of the peripheral insulin resistance, the main distinction between the two patterns lies in the capacity of the pancreas to adjust insulin secretion in order to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. PMID- 7007288 TI - [Conservative treatment of fractures and luxations of the thoracic and lumbar spine]. PMID- 7007289 TI - [Causative mechanisms and nature of injuries in fractures and luxations]. PMID- 7007287 TI - [Functional anatomy of the spine]. PMID- 7007285 TI - Response of cluster headache attacks to oxygen inhalation. PMID- 7007286 TI - Management of thyroid nodules. I: History and physical examination, blood tests, X-ray tests, and ultrasonography. AB - The approach to the management of the thyroid nodule remains controversial. Confusion exists because virtually any thyroidal disease can present as a clinically solitary nodule which means there is no uniformity regarding natural history, incidence, prevalence, epidemiology, and pathophysiology.. The variety of definitions of thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma and the different modes of study selection and individual bias add to the confusion. Diagnostic approaches have not yielded a completely reliable technique to differentiate benign from malignant thyroidal disease. A history of neck irradiation of cervical lymphadenopathy significantly increases the chance of thyroid malignancy, but other parameters of the history or physical examination as well as blood tests are unreliable. Ultrasound displays anatomic but not histologic features. X-ray techniques (plain films, computed tomographic scans, xeroradiography, chest x-ray, barium swallow, lymphography, and angiography) have been used to visualize thyroid nodules, with some techniques proving more useful than others. PMID- 7007284 TI - The Supreme Court and abortion: 2. Sidestepping social realities. PMID- 7007290 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures between the 11th thoracic and the 5th lumbar vertebrae]. PMID- 7007291 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the dens axis]. PMID- 7007292 TI - Renin in the uterus of pregnant mice. Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical studies. AB - The distribution and content of renin in the uterus of pregnant mice (12--14 days of gestation) was studied by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay. The uterine renin concentration at this stage of pregnancy was four-fold higher than that of the nonpregnant uterus but still less than 0.1% of the kidney renin concentration. Renin was localized almost exclusively in the decidual and entodermal epithelial linings of the yolk sac (uterine) cavity near the marginal sections of the placenta. By electron microscopy granular and vesicular structures were observed in the renin containing epithelial cells. Chorioallantoic placenta, myometrium, decidua basalis and the antimesometral parts of the epithelial leafs of the uterine cavity did not contain renin. The specific localization of renin suggests a role in parturition or delivery of the placenta. PMID- 7007294 TI - Double-immunofluorescent staining of isolated smooth muscle cells. I. preparation of anti-chicken gizzard alpha-actinin and its use with anti-chicken gizzard myosin for co-localization of alpha-actinin and myosin in chicken gizzard cells. AB - Contractile proteins have been co-localized by double-immunofluorescent staining in several types of cultured cells. Since freshly isolated smooth muscle cells are more representative of the organization within smooth muscle cells in the intact tissue than cultured cells, the present study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using double-staining techniques in freshly isolated cells. A new method of purifying alpha-actinin from chicken gizzards was used to provide antigen for raising anti-alpha-actinin. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled anti alpha-actinin (FAalphaA) was used in conjunction with tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate-labelled anti-myosin (TRAM) Ouchterlongy gels against myosin, tropomyosin, actin, and alpha-actinin showed that antimyosin reacted only with myosin, anti-alpha-actinin only with alpha-actinin. Anti-alpha-actinin stained only the Z-line of isolated chicken skeletal muscle myofibrils. FAalphaA stained bright, discrete patches or strips on the plasma membrane, while TRAM was excluded from these areas. FAalphaA stained myofibrils faintly in a striated pattern, while TRAM stained myofibrils heavily with less evident striations. Evidence for extramyofibrillar localization of alpha-actinin within the cytoplasm was inconclusive. Although antibodies were quite specific in their labelling, resolution with double-staining was subject to the same limitations described for single labelling of whole cells (Bagby and Pepe 1978). Double-staining of whole cells is just as feasible as single-staining. Indeed, having a definite marker for myofibrils (TRAM) makes the localization of alpha-actinin much easier to interpret. PMID- 7007293 TI - An attempt at localizing adenylate cyclase in rat calvaria. Influence of sodium fluoride and parathyroid hormone. AB - To show adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in rat calvaria, it is necessary first to decalcify the specimen. In hard tissues, several enzymes (adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), alkaline phosphatase (APase), adenylate cyclase (AC) and perhaps pyrophosphatase (PPiase) are able to degrade adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The presence of sodium fluoride (NaF) in the incubation medium reduces the quantity of precipitate formed, compared to that observed using a NaF-free incubation medium. Levamisole, used under the same conditions, gives similar results. Possibly NaF inhibits pyrophosphohydrolase and/or phosphatases which mask the AC activity. Adenylylimidophosphate (AMP-PNP), which is a specific AC substrate, confirms the results obtained with ATP. AC activity is demonstrated cytochemically in the osteoblast and preosteoblast membranes, at the junction between two osteoblasts and along the cytoplasmic processes of the osteoblast which penetrate into the osteoid matrix. The osteocytes never show a precipitate, except those which present some osteoblastic features and then only on the membrane facing the osteogenic layer. An intracellular reaction is also evident and is discussed. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not reveal new sites of AC activity but increases the quantity of precipitate observed. PMID- 7007296 TI - Cytophotometric re-investigation of DNA content in Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. AB - Stage scanning cytophotometry of Feulgen-stained cell nuclei of the cerebellum of young adult rats revealed that the absorbance values of the majority of the Purkinje cells show a Gaussian distribution with a low coefficient of variance. The peak absorbance of this population is the same as that of the granule cells. About 1% of the Purkinje cells measured, were found to have a stain content which indicates a 4C amount of DNA. For both the granular and the Purkinje cell population, a very small number of nuclei possesses absorbance values intermediate between 2C and 4C. The present data suggest prevalent diploidy of the Purkinje cells, and are at variance with those postulating a 'tetraploid and/or hyperdiploid' status of this population. PMID- 7007297 TI - Electron-microscopic localization of enkephalin-like imnmunoreactivity in axon terminals of human sympathetic ganglia. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was applied to demonstrate enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the human sympathetic ganglia. A network of immunoreactive fibres was found in light microscopy between the nonreactive neurons. Electron microscopy showed immunostaining to be restricted to axonal profiles containing both large and small vesicles. The strongest reaction was associated with large vesicles. PMID- 7007295 TI - Alpha-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma cells of the canine colonic mucosa. AB - During immunocytochemical investigations on the presence of opioid peptides in gastrointestinal endocrine cells it was found that a subpopulation of plasma cells located in the lamina propria of the canine colonic mucosa showed immunoreactivities for alpha-endorphin. All immunohistochemical specificity controls proved the specificity of the reaction. Circumstantial evidence suggest, however, that no authentic alpha-endorphin is present within this cell type. Possibly sequence homologies between alpha-endorphin and the amino acid composition of a certain immunoglobulin are responsible for the immunocytochemically specific alpha-endorphin-like immunoreactivity of plasma cells. PMID- 7007298 TI - Study on dipeptidylpeptidase II (DPP II). AB - The activity of dipeptidylpeptidase II (DPP II; E.C. 3.4.14.2) was investigated by biochemical and histochemical methods in rat, mouse and guinea-pig organs as well as in human enterobiopsies. Lys-Pro-MNA and Ala-Pro-MNA showed the most favorable kinetic properties (Km, Vmax) and proved to be the most sensitive substrates for biochemical and histochemical studies of DPP II. Lys-Ala-MNA is more specific and is to be preferred due to its relatively low hydrolysis by DPP IV. Lys-Ala-2NA is suitable for the biochemical determination of DPP II activity. Lys-Ala-1NA, Leu-Ala-2NA, Phe-Pro-2NA and Phe-Pro-MNA are inferior. The pH optimum of DPP II amounts to 5.5. Cacodylate, phosphate, citric acid phosphate and succinate buffers deliver similar hydrolysis rates; with citrate and acetate buffers the recorded activities are lower. The reaction can be inhibited by 1 mM DFP, 50 mM Tris and 10 mM puromycin. In the ileum of suckling rats and in human enterobiopsies similar data (Km, pH optimum, optimal substrate concentration) were obtained by biochemical determination and by quantitative histochemistry (microdensitometry) with Lys-Ala-MNA. For the histochemical demonstration of DPP II freeze-dried celloidin-coated cryostat sections are very suitable. Frozen sections of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde fixed tissue blocks are inferior due to a higher inhibition of DPP II and less precise localization of the azo-dye. Km values and optimal pH are identical in fresh and fixed material. Fast Blue B is the best coupling agent for light microscopical localization. DPP II is present in all organs and tissues investigated. Conspicuous organ and species differences exist. In adult rats the highest DPP II activity resides in the kidney, epididymis and spleen; in guinea-pigs the epididymis and testis are the most active organs. In the majority of guinea-pig organs the DPP II activity is lower than in rats. The histochemical demonstration of DPP II shows, in addition, cell dependent differences of DPP II activity. In most cells the enzyme activity is depicted in lysosomes. Highly active are lysosomes of cells of proximal renal tubules, macrophages, thyroid cells, clear and principal cells of the epididymis of adult animals and of enterocytes of suckling rats. Lysosomes of endocrine cells of adenohypophysis, pancreas, stomach, small intestine and nerve cells display moderate activity. In lysosomes of smooth muscle cells (intestine, myometrium), myocardial cells, and fibers of striated muscle the enzyme is also present. Spermatids and sperms of guinea-pigs are highly active. In some cases secretion granules of endocrine and exocrine gland cells display a positive reaction. Possibly the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum also show a positive staining in the principle cells of the rat and mouse epididymis. Furthermore, DPP II seems to be secreted into the lumen of several organs. PMID- 7007299 TI - The effects of cyclosporin A, ticlopidine hydrochloride and cobra venom factor on the hyperacute rejection of discordant renal xenografts. PMID- 7007300 TI - [Correction of prominent ears (author's transl)]. AB - The the last 20 years plastic surgery was increasingly concerned with the correction of prominent ears. It is not possible to exactly define this anomaly, since it is not only subject to certain tangible criteria from a medical point of view, but also to the purely personal, esthetic perception of the patient. In the present publication an attempt is made to make a broad classification of those factors which together result in the impression of too prominent ears. There are basically 3 techniques for correcting this anomaly: 1. simple suture techniques, 2. simple section techniques, 3. combined techniques. The publication deals specifically with one operation-technique. It is basically a modification of the "Stenstroem-Anthelix-plastic;; procedure. This technique is indicated in the case of uncontoured, flatly prominent ears, whereby the correction is achieved by creating an anthelix bulge. An instrument which we developed as well as our dressing technique are described. Finally, the 123 operations which we carried out according to this technique between 1975 and 1979 are critically assessed. PMID- 7007302 TI - The significance of unilateral radiation nephropathy. PMID- 7007303 TI - Therapeutic irradiation and brain injury. PMID- 7007301 TI - [New trends in head and neck tumour diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical examination and conventional radiology, endoscopy and histology until today form the basis for diagnosis of head and neck tumours. Now magnifying endoscopy, cytology and computerized axial tomography are becoming more and more important. Experience shows that the magnifying endoscope is suitable for every otolaryngologist. Cytology deserves critical appraisal and computerized axial tomography has become important in preoperative tumour assessment. PMID- 7007305 TI - Rectal prolapse in the horse. AB - Eleven horses with rectal prolapses were examined at Purdue University. Nine of the 11 prolapses were corrected by submucosal resection. Four of those were treated by a modified submucosal resection that apposes mucosa as well as submucosa. Follow-up of 8 cases, at intervals ranging from 4 months to 6 years, established that rectal prolapse did not recur following the resection. PMID- 7007304 TI - Stabilization of atlantoaxial subluxation in the dog, using the nuchal ligament. AB - A technique for the stabilization of atlantoaxial subluxation in the dog was developed. The technique involved use of the nuchal ligament as a means of securing the spinous process of the axis to the dorsal arch of the atlas. Two cases were typical atlantoaxial subluxation in toy-breed dogs, and 2 cases were traumatic subluxation secondary to fracture of the axis in dogs of large breeds. On the basis of the results in these cases, it was concluded that the technique has advantages over techniques in which wire or nonmetallic suture material is utilized for stabilization. PMID- 7007306 TI - Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and calf removal on pituitary-ovarian function and reproductive performance in postpartum beef cows. PMID- 7007307 TI - The effect of dietary monensin on th luteinizing hormone response of prepuberal heifers given a multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone challenge. AB - Ten prepuberal Simmental X Brahman-Hereford heifers (average weight 208 +/- 4 kg) were randomly assigned to receive either 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 0 mg monensin sodium (C) or 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 200 mg monensin sodium (M). Both groups of animals (n = 5) received Coastal bermudagrass hay ad libitum throughout the trial. On day 21 of the feeding period all heifers were fitted with jugular cannulas. Immediately after cannulation, the heifers were injected IM with 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and blood was collected every 10 min for 4 hours. Four hours after the first GnRH challenge, a second 100-microgram GnRH injection was administered, and blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for an additional 5 hours. Serum was stored at -20 C until radioimmunoassayed for luteinizing hormone (LH). The amount of LH released after each GnRH injection was greater in the heifers fed M than in the controls (P less than .05). Peak LH after the first GnRH challenge was greater (P less than .05) in heifers fed M than in controls. The area under th first GnRH induced LH curve tended (P less than .20) to be greater for the M group than for the controls. Peak LH concentration was greater in heifers fed M than in control heifers, as the duration (P less than .05) and area under the second GnRH-induced LH curve. In prepuberal heifers, dietary monensin appears to increase hypophyseal capability of releasing LH after a first and second GnRH challenge. PMID- 7007308 TI - The recovery of sublethally injured Escherichia coli from frozen meat. PMID- 7007309 TI - Fenfluramine in management of obese diabetics. PMID- 7007310 TI - Inhibition of sterol transmethylation by S-adenosylhomocysteine analogs. AB - Structural analogs of S-adenosylhomocysteine were tested in vitro for inhibition of the yeast S-adenosylmethionine:delta 24-sterol-C-methyltransferase enzyme. A wide inhibitory range by these compounds was observed, suggesting which structural features of the parent compound are important for binding to the enzyme. No analog tested had inhibitory activity specific only for this enzyme. The most active compound was sinefungin, a metabolite of Streptomyces griseolus, which was also able to inhibit growth of yeast cultures. Sterol extracts of cells grown in the presence of sinefungin revealed a dramatic increase in the levels of zymosterol, the sterol substrate in the transmethylation under study, and a concomitant decrease in the levels of ergosterol. Evidence is presented that sinefungin is transported inside the cell by the same permease as S adenosylmethionine. We conclude that sinefungin is blocking the in vivo methylation of sterols in yeast. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 7007311 TI - Two interacting mutations causing temperature-sensitive phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in Escherichia coli membranes. AB - A conditionally lethal mutant of Escherichia coli lacking phosphatidylglycerol in vivo at 42 degrees C has been previously isolated by two-stage mutagenesis (M. Nishijima and C. R. H. Raetz, J. Biol. Chem. 254:7837-7844, 1979). In the first step (designated pgsA444) the phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase is partially inactivated, but the resulting strain continues to make about two thirds of the normal level of phosphatidylglycerol and is not temperature sensitive. The second lesion, termed pgsB1, causes temperature-sensitive growth and phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in strains harboring pgsA444. The pgsA locus appears to be the structural gene for the synthetase and maps near min 42. In the present study we mapped the pgsB1 mutation and characterized its interaction with pgsA444 by genetic and biochemical methods. Unexpectedly, pgsB1 was not a second lesion in the pgsA structural gene, but rather mapped at a distinct site near minute 4. P1 vir-mediated contransduction suggested the gene order pantonA-dapD pgsB-dnaE (clockwise). Independent evidence for the genetic mapping was provided by the identification of two hybrid ColE1 plasmids (pLC26-43 and pLC34-20. L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) which both carry pgsB+ and dnaE+. Introduction of either the pgsA+ or the pgsB+ gene (via episomes, hybrid plasmids or P1 vir transduction) suppressed the temperature sensitivity of the double mutant (pgsA444 pgsB1) and restored normal levels of phosphatidylglycerol at 42 degrees C. In addition, strains with the pgsA+ pgsB1 genotype produced a novel lipid (X) at all temperatures, whereas the double mutant (pgsA444 pgsB1) contained two unusual lipids (X and Y) after 3 h at 42 degrees C. Both X and Y are precursors of lipopolysaccharide, and introduction of pgsB+ into the double mutant caused the disappearance of X and Y. Although the biochemical basis of the pgsB1 lesion is unknown, its existence suggests a previously unrecognized link between lipopolysaccharide and phosphatidylglycerol syntheses in E. coli. PMID- 7007312 TI - Ferric citrate transport in Escherichia coli requires outer membrane receptor protein fecA. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 AB2847 and of E. coli K-12 AN92 were isolated which were unable to grow on ferric citrate as the sole iron source. Of 22 mutants, 6 lacked an outer membrane protein, designated FecA protein, which was expressed by growing cells in the presence of 1 mM citrate. Outer membranes showed an enhanced binding of radioactive iron, supplied as a citrate complex, depending on the amount of FecA protein. The FecA protein was the most resistant of the proteins involved in ferric irion iron translocation across the outer membrane (FhuA = TonA, FepA, Cir, or 83K proteins) to the action of pronase P. It is also shown that previously isolated fec mutants (G. C. Woodrow et al., J. Bacteriol. 133:1524-1526, 1978) which are cotransducible with argF all lack the FecA protein. They were termed fecA to distinguish them from the other ferric citrate transport mutants, now designated fecB, which mapped in the same gene region at 7 min but were not cotransducible with ArgF. E. coli W83-24 and Salmonella typhimurium, which are devoid of a citrate-dependent iron transport system, lacked the FecA protein. It is proposed that the FecA protein participates in the transport of ferric citrate. PMID- 7007313 TI - Regulation of hexuronate system genes in Escherichia coli K-12: multiple regulation of the uxu operon by exuR and uxuR gene products. AB - New regulatory mutants of Escherichia coli K-1 carrying alterations of the uxuR gene were isolated and characterized. In the presence of superrepressed or derepressed uxuR mutations, mannonic hydrolyase (uxuA) and oxidoreductase relationship analyses suggested that the uxuR gene product acted as a repressor in the control of uxuA-uxuB operon expression. uxuR mutations were localized near min 97, and the following gene order was established: (argH)-uxuR-uxuB-uxuA (thr). Properties of exuR (point and deletion) mutants showed that both exuR and uxuR regulatory gene products were involved in the control of the uxuA uxuB operon. Analysis of exuR uxuR double-derepressed mutants suggested that exuR and uxuR repressors act cooperatively to repress the uxu operon. PMID- 7007314 TI - Structure and function of the PHO82-pho4 locus controlling the synthesis of repressible acid phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - pho4 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although rare among phosphatase negative mutants isolated from wild-type strains, were isolated efficiently from pho80, pho85, or pho80 pho85 strains. The distribution of these pho4 mutants over the pho4 locus was determined by analyzing random spores of two- and three-factor crosses. The pho4-4 mutation confers temperature-sensitive synthesis of repressible acid phosphatase. An intragenic suppressor for the pho4-12 allele results in the temperature-sensitive synthesis of repressible acid phosphatase. Recombination between these sites occurs at 1.0 to 3.0%, the highest for any pair of sites within the pho4 locus. All these results strongly indicate that the information of the pho4 locus is translated into a protein. The PHO82 site was mapped inside the pho4 locus by random spore analysis. The order met10-pho4 1PHO82-1-pho4-9 on the right arm of chromosome VI was confirmed by tetrad analysis. Doubly heterozygous diploids, pho3 PHO82c PHO4+/pho3 pho82+ pho4, produce variable amounts of repressible acid phosphatase under repressive conditions depending on the combination of PHO82c and pho4 alleles. This phenomenon may reflect the constitutive production of the pho82+-pho4 product in the repressed condition, which interferes with the function of the PHO82c-PHO4+ product. The earlier model for the function of the PHO82-pho4 cluster, in which the PHO82 site acts as an operator of the pho4 gene, has been revised to a model in which the PHO82 site codes for the part of the pho4 protein that has affinity for the regulatory protein encoded by the pho80 and pho85 genes. PMID- 7007316 TI - Use of gene fusions to determine the orientation of gene phoA on the Escherichia coli chromosome. AB - We present genetic evidence which demonstrates that the phoA gene is transcribed in the clockwise direction on the Escherichia coli chromosome, in contrast to an earlier proposal. Our conclusion is based on analysis of various genetic fusions between the lac operon and the phoA gene. PMID- 7007315 TI - Purification and properties of aromatic amino acid aminotransferase from Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - We describe the complete purification of aromatic aminotransferase I, the enzyme responsible for the ability of Klebsiella aerogenes to use tryptophan and phenylalanine as sole sources of nitrogen, as well as the partial purification of aromatic aminotransferase IV. An examination of the properties of these enzymes revealed that aminotransferase I had much greater affinity for the aromatic amino acids than aminotransferase IV, explaining the essential role of aminotransferase I in the utilization of exogenously supplied aromatic amino acids. The properties of aminotransferase IV suggest that this enzyme is actually an aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), corresponding to the product of the aspC gene of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007317 TI - Increased binding of a hydrophobic, photolabile probe to Escherichia coli inversely correlates to membrane potential but not adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels. AB - We describe conditions for a quantitative determination of azidopyrene binding to Escherichia coli cells. In addition, we define conditions whereby irradiation of azidopyrene in the presence of cells leads to irreversible association of probe with cells. This is presumably due to the light-dependent generation of reactive nitrenes and subsequent incorporation of nitrenopyrene moieties into cellular components. These methods allowed us to determine that the amount of azidopyrene bound to cells was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the cellular membrane potential, but was not correlated with high or low adenosine 5 triphosphate levels per se. Cells bound more azidopyrene if the delta psi was low. Cell-bound azidopyrene was found to be entirely associated with the inner and outer membrane. We suggest that the decreased association of hydrophobic probes upon energization of whole cells reflects a rapid transition in structural properties of the cell envelope. PMID- 7007318 TI - Regulation of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: isolation and characterization of strains with nif-lac fusions. AB - Strains with lac fused to each of the seven nif operons were isolated by two different methods. Repressing conditions prevented expression of all nif operons, whereas derepressing conditions led to the expression of all nif operons. No differences in Nif regulation were observed between Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with the same nif-lac fusions. Most derivatives of nif-lac fusion strains selected on lactose and NH4+ contained nif operator mutations. Some derivative contained deletions, which establishes that the direction of transcription of all seven nif operons is toward his PMID- 7007320 TI - Purification of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Escherichia coli. AB - Penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2) of Escherichia coli K-12 was purified by covalent affinity chromatography using 6-aminopenicillanic acid covalently coupled to carboxymethyl-Sepharose (6-APA-CM-Sepharose). Purification of PBP-2 was accomplished by prebinding the methoxy cephalosporin, cefoxitin, to the Triton X-100-solubilized PBPs of E. coli and then incubating the PBPs with 6-APA CM-Sepharose. Cefoxitin readily binds to all the E. coli PBPs except PBP-2 and, thus, in the presence of cefoxitin, only PBP-2 could bind to the 6-APA-CM Sepharose. The purification of a mixture of all of the PBPs of E. coli by affinity chromatography is also described. PMID- 7007319 TI - Multiple forms of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins distinguished by a factor in addition to multiple methylation. AB - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins are central to both the excitation and adaptation phases of chemotactic behavior. Using null mutations in the genes coding for the two major methyl-accepting proteins (tsr and tar), we identified the gene products among the membrane proteins of Escherichia coli visualized on one- and two-dimensional gels. On two-dimensional gels, both the tsr and the tar proteins appeared as a group of multiple spots arranged in two to four diagonal arrays. The multiplicity of forms could not be completely explained by the previously documented heterogeneity of the methylated proteins resulting from different numbers of methylated glutamyl residues per polypeptide chain. We suggest that there is at least one other way besides extent of methylation in which the polypeptides of a methylated protein can differ. PMID- 7007321 TI - Structural gene for the alkaline extracellular protease of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. AB - Mutants for Saccharomycopsis lipolytica temperature sensitive for alkaline extracellular protease production, but not for growth, were isolated. Thirty three isolates were temperature sensitive for protease production, and one (xpr 32) produced a temperature-sensitive protease. Genetic analysis indicated that xpr-32 was located in gene XPR2, and allele xpr2-7 was found to also produce a temperature-sensitive protease. None of five independently isolated xpr2 mutations affects the production of extracellular ribonucleases and acid protease(s). Diploids with zero, one, or two active alleles of the XPR2 locus were constructed, and the XPR2 locus was shown to exhibit a gene dosage effect on alkaline extracellular protease synthesis (enzyme activity/cell protein). These results suggest that the XPR2 gene is the structural gene for the alkaline extracellular protease of S. lipolytica. PMID- 7007322 TI - Role of peptide chain elongation factor G in guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3' diphosphate synthesis. AB - In a wild-type strain (relA+) of Escherichia coli, starvation of amino acid led to an immediate cessation of the synthesis of stable ribonucleic acids, together with the accumulation of an unusual nucleotide, guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3' diphosphate, commonly known as ppGpp. This compound also accumulated during heat shock. When temperature-sensitive protein synthesis elongation factor G (EF-G) was introduced into E. coli NF859, a relA+ strain, the synthesis of ppGpp was reduced to approximately one-half that of wild-type EF-G+ cells at a nonpermissive temperature of 40 degrees C. Furthermore, fusidic acid, an inhibitor of protein synthesis which specifically inactivates EF-G, prevented any accumulation of ppGpp during the heat shock. We suggest that a functional EF-G protein is necessary for ppGpp accumulation under temperature shift conditions, possibly by mediating changes in the function of another protein, the relA gene product. However, EF-G is probably not required for the synthesis of ppGpp during the stringent response, since its inactivation did not prevent ppGpp accumulation during amino acid starvation. PMID- 7007323 TI - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein III and transducer gene trg. AB - A comparison of the two-dimensional gel patterns of methyl-3H- and 35S-labeled membrane proteins from trg+ and trg null mutant strains of Escherichia coli indicated that the product of trg is probably methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein III. Like the other known methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, the trg product is a membrane protein that migrates as more than one species in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, implying that it too is multiple methylated. It appears likely that all chemoreceptors are linked to the tumble regulator through a single class of membrane protein transducers which are methyl accepting proteins. Three transducers are coded for by genes tsr, tar, and, probably, trg. Another methyl-accepting protein, which is not related to any of these genes, was observed. PMID- 7007324 TI - High-efficiency, temperature-sensitive suppression of amber mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - We have constructed a high-copy-number plasmid carrying an allele of the supD gene (supD43,74). The plasmid conferred temperature-sensitive suppression of amber mutations. Strains carrying the plasmid exhibited 50 to 60% suppression at 30 degrees C but little or no suppression at 42 degrees C. After a temperature shift from 30 to 42 degrees C the efficiency of suppression decreased gradually over a 60- to 90-min period before reaching the 42 degrees C steady-state level of suppression. PMID- 7007325 TI - Lipid synthesis during the Escherichia coli cell cycle. AB - Lipid synthesis was examined in Escherichia coli cells at different stage of cell division. Exponentially growing cells were pulse-labeled with appropriate isotopes for 0.1 generation time, inactivated, and separated by size on a sucrose gradient. An abrupt increase in the rate of lipid synthesis occurred which was coincident with the initiation of cross walls. In contrast, the rate of protein synthesis during this same interval remained constant, resulting in an increased lipid/protein ratio in dividing cells. No changes in the composition of phospholipid head groups, fatty acids, or phospholipid molecular species were observed in cells at different stages of division. The observed increase in the rate of lipid synthesis may reflect a means by which the activities of membrane associated enzymes are modulated during cross wall formation. PMID- 7007326 TI - Biological consequences of infection of Escherichia coli B by alkylated T7 bacteriophage. AB - Alkylation of T7 bacteriophage considerably delayed phage development and reduced the phage's killing action on host cells. Only a small fraction of infected cells produced phage. For these phages, the latent period was markedly prolonged but the burst was equivalent to or only slightly lower than that of untreated phage. In the progeny of alkylated phage, there was an increase in the fraction of defective particles as well as a change in their morphology. These data show that infection with alkylated T7 bacteriophage is to a large degree abortive; hence, biological consequences of this infection are very different from those characteristic of a normal virus infection. PMID- 7007330 TI - Preferential selection of deletion mutations of the outer membrane lipoprotein gene of Escherichia coli by globomycin. AB - Globomycin is an antibiotic which inhibits the processing of the prolipoprotein. Eighty globomycin-resistant mutants were independently isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 which had a deletion mutation in chromosomal lipoprotein gene (lpp), but contained a plasmid carrying the wild-type lpp gene. Twenty-six of the mutants did not have the lipoprotein in the membrane fractions. From the analysis of the plasmids of these mutants, all of the lipoprotein-deficient mutations were found to be due to deletion mutations around the lpp gene. PMID- 7007327 TI - Effects of furazlocillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic which binds selectively to penicillin-binding protein 3, on Escherichia coli mutants deficient in other penicillin-binding proteins. AB - Furazlocillin binds selectively to penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3), prevents septation of Escherichia coli, and allows the cells to form long filaments without lysis. The effect of furazlocillin on the morphology, autolysis, and murein synthesis of E. coli mutants deficient in either PBP-1A, PBP-1Bs, or PBP-2 was studied. The results reveal that PBP-1A and PBP-1Bs functions are not equivalent since furazlocillin affects the morphology, autolysis, and murein synthesis of PBP1A- mutants quite differently from that of PBP-1Bs mutants. Different "PBP-2-" mutants were found to respond to furazlocillin in dramatically different ways: strain LS-1 cells formed elongated rods with a central bulge which eventually lysed, whereas SP6 cells formed stable "barbells" in which the two daughter cells were well separated but remained connected by a thick central region. PMID- 7007328 TI - Escherichia coli K-12 clones that overproduce dam methylase are hypermutable. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli K-12 that overproduces dam methylase 50-fold was found to be hypermutable, and mutations which resulted in loss of excess methylase activity restored mutation frequencies to wild-type levels. These results are consistent with involvement of this deoxyribonucleic acid methylase in mismatch correction. PMID- 7007329 TI - Use of cir-lac operon fusions to study transcriptional regulation of the colicin Ia receptor in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We describe cir-lac operon fusions constructed by using phage Mu d(Apr lac). Expression of beta-galactosidase in these fusion strains is analogous to known regulatory properties of cir gene expression. It is concluded that the observed regulation by iron of the cir gene is under transcriptional control. PMID- 7007331 TI - Globomycin sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: effects of mutations affecting structures of murein lipoprotein. AB - The sensitivity of strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium to globomycin is increased in mutants defective in the lipopolysaccharide structure. E. coli mutants altered in the structures or biosynthesis of murein lipoprotein are more resistant to globomycin than the parental strains. PMID- 7007332 TI - Cleavage of colicin Ia by the Escherichia coli K-12 outer membrane is not mediated by the colicin Ia receptor. AB - Colicin Ia can be cleaved by isolated outer membranes prepared from sensitive and resistant (lacking the colicin Ia receptor) strains of Escherichia coli. Both active and heat-denatured colicin Ia are extensively fragmented. Such proteolysis does not occur when colicin Ia is added to whole sensitive or resistant cells. These results demonstrate that cleavage of colicin Ia is not mediated by its outer membrane receptor. PMID- 7007333 TI - Plasmid transfer and genetic recombination by protoplast fusion in staphylococci. AB - The experimental conditions for plasmid transfer and genetic recombination in Staphylococcus aureus and some coagulase-negative staphylococci by protoplast fusion are described. Protoplasts were prepared by treatment with lysostaphin and lysozyme in a buffered medium with 0.7 to 0.8 M sucrose. Regeneration of cell walls was accomplished on a hypertonic agar medium containing succinate and bovine serum albumin. Transfer of plasmids occurred after treatment of the protoplast mixtures with polyethylene glycol (molecular weight, 6,000) not only between strains of the same species but also between parents of different species, although at approximately 100 times lower frequency in the latter case. Recombination of the chromosomal genes in fused protoplasts required simultaneous treatment of the mixed protoplasts with polyethylene glycol and CaCl2. A method was developed for isolation of recombinants after fusion between mutants of S. areus carrying unselectable markers. Antibiotic resistance plasmids were introduced into the parental strains and used as primary markers to detect protoplast fusion. Chromosomal recombinants were found among the clones with both parental plasmids at a high frequency. The method appears to have simple applications in the construction of strains with multiple mutant characters. PMID- 7007334 TI - Regulatory mutations conferring constitutive synthesis of major outer membrane proteins (OmpC and OmpF) in Escherichia coli. AB - An ompB strain of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking major outer membrane proteins OmpC and OmpF was used to isolate a pair of mutants that have restored the ability to synthesize either OmpC or OmpF protein. These mutants were found to produce the respective proteins constitutively under the several conditions where the synthesis in the wild-type strain was markedly repressed; namely, in the absence of the ompB gene function, under restrictive medium conditions, or upon lysogenization with phage PA-2. The mutations ompCp1 and ompFp9 responsible for such synthesis were shown to be located in the close vicinity of the corresponding structural genes, ompC and ompF. Moreover, the mutations affect the expression of these genes in a cis-dominant fashion. Taken together with other evidence, it was suggested that ompCp1 and ompFp9 represent regulatory site mutations occurring at the promoter regions of ompC and ompF respectively. Relevance of these findings to the genetic control of outer membrane protein synthesis is discussed. PMID- 7007335 TI - Plasmid transfer within and between serologically distinct strains of Rhizobium japonicum, using antibiotic resistance mutants and auxotrophs. AB - Methionine-requiring and pantothenic acid-requiring auxotrophs of Rhizobium japanicum USDA 31, as well as highly antibiotic-resistant mutants of R. japonicum strains USDA 31, USDA 110, USDA 138, and Webster 48, were isolated. These mutants were used to transfer the P-1 group plasmids R68.45 and RP4 within and between strains USDA 31, USDA 110, and Webster 48. Attempts to demonstrate transfer of either plasmid to strain USDA 138 were unsuccessful. PMID- 7007336 TI - Cysteine and growth inhibition of Escherichia coli: threonine deaminase as the target enzyme. AB - Cysteine has been shown to inhibit growth in Escherichia coli strains C6 and HfrH 72, but not M108A. Growth inhibition was overcome by inclusion of isoleucine, leucine, and valine in the medium. Isoleucine biosynthesis was apparently affected, since addition of this amino acid alone could alter the inhibitory effects of cysteine. Homocysteine, mercaptoethylamine, and mercaptoethanol inhibited growth to varying degrees in some strains, these effects also being prevented by addition of branched-chain amino acids. Cysteine, mercaptoethylamine, and homocysteine were inhibitors of threonine deaminase but not transaminase B, two enzymes of the ilvEDA operon. Cysteine inhibition of threonine deaminase was reversed by threonine, although the pattern of inhibition was mixed. These results suggest a relationship between the growth-inhibitory effects of cysteine and other sulfur compounds and the inhibition of isoleucine synthesis at the level of threonine deaminase. PMID- 7007338 TI - Passive rotation of flagella on paralyzed Salmonella typhimurium (mot) mutants by external rotatory driving force. AB - Salmonella typhimurium mot mutants are unable to rotate their flagella. Dark field light microscopy showed that the flagella could be rotated passively by an external rotatory driving force. PMID- 7007337 TI - Incomplete flagellar structures in Escherichia coli mutants. AB - Escherichia coli mutants with defects in 29 flagellar genes identified so far were examined by electron microscopy for possession of incomplete flagellar structures in membrane-associated fractions. The results are discussed in consideration of the known transcriptional interaction of flagellar genes. Hook basal body structures were detected in flaD, flaS, flaT, flbC, and hag mutants. The flaE mutant had a polyhook-basal body structure. An intact basal body appeared in flaK mutants. Putative precursors of the basal body were detected in mutants with defects in flaM, flaU, flaV, and flaY. No structures homologous to the flagellar basal body or its parts were detected in mutants with defects in flaA, flaB, flaC, flaG, flaH, flaI, flaL, flaN, flaO, flaP, flaQ, flaR, flaW, flaX, flbA, flbB, and flbD. One flaZ mutant had an incomplete flagellar basal body structure and another formed no significant structure, suggesting that flaZ is responsible for both basal body assembly and the transcription of the hag gene. PMID- 7007339 TI - Escherichia coli growth studied by dual-parameter flow cytophotometry. AB - The growth of Escherichia coli cells has been analyzed for the first time by dual parameter flow cytophotometry, in which the deoxyribonucleic acid and protein contents of single bacteria have been measured simultaneously with an accuracy of a few percent and at a rate of 3,000 cells/s. PMID- 7007340 TI - A Salmonella typhimurium mutant dependent upon carbamyl aspartate for resistance to 5-fluorouracil is specifically affected in ubiquinone biosynthesis. AB - The isolation and properties of a mutant dependent upon exogenous carbamyl aspartate for resistance to 5-fluorouracil are described. The mutant was deficient in the synthesis of ubiquinone and accumulated a quinone provisionally identified as the ubiquinone precursor 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4 benzoquinone. The mutation resulted in an alteration in the regulation of synthesis of enzymes involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis but did not establish a functional block in dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity in vivo. Conditional resistance to 5-fluorouracil apparently occurred through an inhibition of the conversion of the analog to the nucleotide level. PMID- 7007341 TI - Selection for loss of tetracycline resistance by Escherichia coli. AB - An improved medium for the direct, positive selection of tetracycline-sensitive clones from a population of tetracycline-resistant strains of Escherichia coli is described. PMID- 7007342 TI - Temperature sensitivity of the regulation of nitrogenase synthesis by Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Temperature sensitivity of the regulatory protein coded by nifA prevents the organism from utilizing N2 at 37 degrees C. The purpling of 6-cyanopurine, a function of nifA expression, also is thermolabile. PMID- 7007343 TI - Characterization and properties of an LL-oligopeptidase from sporulating cells of Bacillus sphaericus. AB - An LL-oligopeptidase was characterized in the cell cytoplasm of sporulating Bacillus sphaericus 9602. Its activity showed a threefold increase throughout sporulation. The enzyme has lytic activity on various LL-dipeptides, especially on dipeptides with N-terminal L-alanine. Lytic activity was also found on some tripeptides and larger peptides which contain the sequence L-Ala-L-Ala. The role of this oligopeptidase in relation to sporulation may be to supply the cell with L-alanine for the biosynthesis of the peptide chains of the spore cortex. PMID- 7007344 TI - Identification of a lysin associated with a bacteriophage (A25) virulent for group A streptococci. AB - A phage-associated lysin was found in culture lysates resulting from the propagation of virulent bacteriophage A25 on the group A streptococcal strain designated K56. In contrast to the previously described group C streptococcal phage-associated lysins, A25 phage-associated lysin was more active on chloroform treated cells, was not phage bound, and was active on some group G and H strains, as well as on group A and C strains. A25 phage-associated lysin had an optimum pH of 6.7 and was inactivated by 10(-3) M p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Group A cells exposed to penicillin were more susceptible to A25 phage-associated lysin, whereas chloramphenicol-treated cells became resistant to lysis. Release of lipoteichoic acid appeared to precede lysis, and cardiolipin treatment of cells reversed the effects of chloroform and penicillin treatments. These results suggest the possibility that A25 phage-associated lysin may have a mechanism similar to the mechanism of an autolysin or that cell lysis may be due to the activation of an autolysin. PMID- 7007345 TI - TRNA2Gln Su+2 mutants that increase amber suppression. AB - We selected mutants of lambda pSu+2 which had an increased ability to suppress on Escherichia coli trp B9601 amber mutation on translationally stringent rpsL594 streptomycin-resistant ribosomes. tRNA2Gin Su+2 molecules produced from eight independent mutants were purified, and their ribonucleic acid sequences were determined. Two types of mutations were mapped to the tRNA2Gin Su+2(glnV) gene by this method. Both altered the pseudouridine at position 37 of the tRNA anticodon loop. Seven of the isolates were transitions (pseudouridine to cytosine), and one was a transversion (pseudouridine to adenine). These mutations resulted in Su+ transfer ribonucleic acid molecules that exhibited higher transmission coefficients than their parent Su+2 transfer ribonucleic acids. As judged by their suppressor spectra on T4 amber mutants, which were almost identical to that of Su+2, the two mutant Su+ transfer ribonucleic acids inserted glutamine at amber sites. PMID- 7007346 TI - Formation of Escherichia coli Hfr strains by integrative suppression with the P group plasmid RP1. AB - Hfr strains of Escherichia coli were obtained by integrative suppression of a dnaA(Ts) mutation by the Inc P-1 plasmid RP1 without prior creation of an unnatural homology between the plasmid and the E. coli chromosome. Unmodified RP1 mobilized the polarized transfer of the chromosome in a counterclock-wise direction from a distinct origin between 81 min (pyrE) and 82 min (dnaA) with pyrE as a leading marker. Inheritance of RP1-Hfr chromosomal and antibiotic resistance genes was due to recombination with the recipient chromosome, as shown by the need for a functional recA system. The acquisition of temperature resistance and donor ability was accompanied by the disappearance of free plasmid when the selection pressure for integration was maintained (growth at 41 degrees C); the loss of temperature resistance and donor ability was accompanied by the reappearance of autonomous RP1 when the selection pressure was removed (growth at 30 degrees C). PMID- 7007347 TI - Catabolite repression of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin activity. AB - The Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) coded for by plasmid pYK007 (Apr ST+) showed a dependence for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to express ST activity in an adenyl cyclase (cya) deletion mutant; no ST activity was detected in the presence of cAMP in a cAMP receptor protein (crp) deletion mutant or in a double deletion mutant (delta cya delta crp). The cya-crp effect on ST activity could not be accounted for by a modification of the copy number of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid per chromosome equivalent or by an alteration in the secretion of an active intracellular enterotoxin. PMID- 7007348 TI - Molybdenum accumulation and storage in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - In Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mo accumulation appeared to be coregulated with nitrogenase synthesis. O2 and NH+4, which repressed nitrogenase synthesis, also prevented Mo accumulation. In Azotobacter vinelandii, Mo accumulation did not appear to be regulated Mo was accumulated to levels much higher than those seen in K. pneumoniae even when nitrogenase synthesis was repressed. Accumulated Mo was bound mainly to a Mo storage protein, and it could act as a supply for the Mo needed in component I synthesis when extracellular Mo had been exhausted. When A. vinelandii was grown in the presence of WO2-(4) rather than MoO2-(4), it synthesized a W-containing analog of the Mo storage protein. The Mo storage protein was purified from both NH+4 and N2-grown cells of A. vinelandii and found to be a tetramer of two pairs of different subunits binding a minimum of 15 atoms of Mo per tetramer. PMID- 7007349 TI - Transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid: calcium induced binding of deoxyribonucleic acid to whole cells and to isolated membrane fractions. AB - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was tightly bound to cells of Escherichia coli at 0 degrees C in the presence of divalent cations. During incubation at 42 degrees C, 0.1 to 1% of this DNA became resistant to deoxyribonuclease. Deoxyribonuclease-resistant DNA binding and the ability to produce transformants became saturated when transformation mixtures contained 1 to 2 micrograms of plasmid NTP16 DNA and about 5 X 10(8) viable cells. Under optimum conditions, between 1 and 2 molecule equivalents of 3H-labeled NTP16 DNA per viable cell became deoxyribonuclease resistant. Despite this, only 0.1 to 1% of viable cells became transformed by saturating amounts of the plasmid. The results suggest that transport of DNA across the inner membrane is a limiting step in transformation. After transformation the bulk of labeled plasmid DNA remained associated with outer membranes. However, in vitro assays indicated that plasmid DNA would bind equally well to preparations of inner or outer membranes provided divalent cations were present to preparations of inner or outer membranes provided divalent cations were present. Divalent cations promoted differing levels of binding to isolated inner and outer membranes in the order Ca2+ much greater than Ba2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Mg2+. This parallels their relative efficiencies in promoting transformation. Binding of plasmid DNA was greatly reduced when outer membranes were treated with trypsin; this suggests that protein components may be required for the binding or transport of DNA (or both) during transformation. PMID- 7007350 TI - Regulation of derepressed synthesis of arylsulfatase by tyramine oxidase in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The participation of tyramine oxidase in the regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium was studied. Arylsulfatase synthesis was repressed by inorganic sulfate, cysteine, methionine, or taurine. This repression was relieved by tyramine, octopamine, or dopamine, which induced tyramine oxidase synthesis, although the level of arylsulfatase activity was very low. The induction of tyramine oxidase and derepression of arylsulfatase by tyramine were strongly inhibited by glucose and ammonium chloride, and the repression of both enzymes was relieved by use of xylose as a carbon source after consumption of glucose or by use of tyramine as the sole source of nitrogen, irrespective of the carbon source used. The initial rates of tyramine uptake by cells grown with glucose and xylose were similar. Results with tyramine oxidase-constitutive mutants showed that constitutive expression of the tyramine oxidase gene resulted in derepression of arylsulfatase synthesis in the absence of tyramine. Thus, catabolite and ammonium repressions of arylsulfatase synthesis and the induction of the enzyme by tyramine seem to reflect the levels of tyramine oxidase synthesis. These results in S. typhimurium support our previous finding that the specific regulation system of arylsulfatase synthesis by tyramine oxidase is conserved in enteric bacteria. PMID- 7007351 TI - Effect of arsenate on chemotactic behavior of Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli cells treated with arsenate cannot tumble. The relationship between cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) level and the ability to tumble has been studied. (i) Cells incubated with arsenate completely lost their tumbling ability, and the cellular ATP level was decreased to less than 0.3 nmol/mg of protein. (ii) Incubation with 10 mM arsenate-1 mM phosphate reduced the cellular ATP level to less than 0.25 nmol/mg of protein. However, the cells were still able to tumble. (iii) Tumbling of the arsenate-treated cells was completely recovered after addition of a slight amount of phosphate, although the ATP level was still as low as 0.2 nmol/mg of protein. (iv) The cellular ATP level of an arsenate-treated uncA mutant (Ca2+,Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase defective) was lower than 0.1 nmol/mg of protein even after the addition of 5 5 mM phosphate. However, tumbling ability was almost completely restored upon addition of the phosphate. PMID- 7007352 TI - sfrA and sfrB products of Escherichia coli K-12 are transcriptional control factors. AB - The mechanisms whereby mutations in Escherichia coli K-12 genes sfrA and sfrB reduce expression of the transfer functions of sex factor F have been examined by assaying the levels of tra messenger ribonucleic acid and of tra proteins. The sfrA product was necessary for efficient transcription of the control gene traJ and, directly or indirectly, for transcription of the traY leads to Z operon. In the absence of sfrA, reduced levels of the traJ and traT proteins were observed in the outer membrane. The sfrB product was needed to prevent premature transcription at one or more rho-dependent termination sites. sfrB mutations also reduced synthesis of full-length lipopolysaccharide molecules, of several chromosomally determined outer membrane proteins, and of functional flagella. Thus, the sfrB product may act as an antiterminator in transcription of several operons encording cell envelope components. PMID- 7007353 TI - Regulation of D-alanine carboxypeptidase and peptidoglycan cross-linkage in amino acid-deprived Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of amino acid deprivation on the activities of D-alanine carboxypeptidase (CPase) and peptidoglycan transpeptidase in Escherichia coli was determined. Enzymes were assayed in ether-treated bacteria (ETB) which were permeable to peptidoglycan nucleotide precursors. ETB were prepared at intervals from cultures grown in the presence and absence of a required amino acid. The specific activity of CPase in ETB decreased 50 to 85% during amino acid deprivation. This was paralleled by a 60 to 70% decrease in the specific activity of peptidoglycan transpeptidase. Both enzymes reached their lowest level of activity about 40 min after the onset of amino acid deprivation. The decrease in CPase activity apparently was not due to degradation of the enzyme, since full activity was restored after disruption of ETB by sonication. A decrease in CPase activity was associated with an enhancement of transpeptidation. The peptidoglycan synthesized in vitro by amino acid-deprived ETB was 1.7 times more cross-linked than the peptidoglycan synthesized by control ETB These results support the proposal that CPase may be involved in regulating transpeptidation in E. coli. PMID- 7007358 TI - Transcendental meditation and mental retardation. AB - A 26-year old moderately mentally retarded woman was taught the Transcendental Meditation technique. She experienced spontaneous improvements in her verbal and social behavior and physiological functioning over a period of three years while practicing the technique. PMID- 7007355 TI - Identification and cloning of the genetic determinant that encodes for the K88ac adherence antigen. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli capable of causing diarrhea in young pigs are often able to proliferate in the upper small intestine of the infected animal due to the presence of a specific surface antigen, K88. The genetic determinants for K88 antigen production and the ability to utilize the trisaccharide raffinose (Raf) are carried on a 50-megadalton plasmid. Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques were used to insert an 8.2-megadalton HindIII fragment carrying the K88ac gene(s) from the K88/Raf plasmid pPS100 into the vector pBR322. At lease six polypeptides encoded by this fragment were expressed in minicells. These polypeptides ranged in size from 18,000 to 70,000 daltons. The K88ac antigenic subunit, which has an apparent molecular weight of 23,500, was identified by immunoprecipitation with staphylococcal protein A as the coprecipitant. PMID- 7007357 TI - Amoxapine and amitriptyline in the outpatient treatment of endogenous depression. AB - This double-blind investigation compared onset of action, efficacy, and safety of amoxapine and amitriptyline in 46 endogenously depressed outpatients. Statistical analysis demonstrated relatively few significant differences in improvement between the two groups. Most of the differences favored amoxapine, however, and on all measures there were clear trends favoring amoxapine for more rapid onset of action or greater overall efficacy or both. PMID- 7007356 TI - Organization and regulation of the ilvGEDA operon in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. AB - A total of 102 isoleucine- and isoleucine-valine-requiring (ilv) mutants induced by insertion of the transposable element Tn10 have been classified to cistron by growth requirement, cross-feeding behavior, and enzyme assays. The mutations are in a polycistronic operon transcribed in the order ilvGEDA and in a monocistronic operon ilvC. Analysis of distal gene expression in these polar insertion mutants revealed the existence of two constitutive interval promoters, one preceding ilvE and the other preceding ilvD. PMID- 7007354 TI - Isolation and characterization of amber mutations in gene dnaA of escherichia coli K-12. AB - Amber mutants with defects in the dnaA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated after localized mutagenesis of the tna-dnaA region of the chromosome. We isolated 36 mutants defective in the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication as determined by their dependence upon integrative suppression by a P2 sig5 prophage. Three of the 36 mutants were shown to contain amber mutations through the use of a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor. These mutations, which mapped between gyrB and tna, were characterized genetically and biochemically as amber mutations in dnaA. PMID- 7007359 TI - Absence of albumin in tissues of analbuminemic rats. AB - Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) are deficient in serum albumin. Extravascular regions of the tissues of NAR were tested for rat serum albumin by the immunofluorescence staining technique. Albumin was not detectable in any of the tissues of NAR tested (liver, kidney, muscle, skin, and small intestine), whereas it was clearly demonstrated in all these tissues of normal rats. Furthermore, extracts of NAR tissues, including the liver, contained no albumin detectable by the single radial immunodiffusion method. These findings indicate that albumin is not present in either the serum or extravascular regions of tissues of NAR, and suggest that the deficiency of serum albumin in NAR is not due to impaired albumin secretion from the liver or alteration of the tissue distribution of albumin in certain tissues, but to the absence of its synthesis in the liver. PMID- 7007360 TI - Occurrence of low molecular weight O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Studies with crude preparations obtained from a cysteine auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase could be separated from O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase by chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column and centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. On the basis of sedimentation distance, the molecular weights of these enzymes were calculated to be about 99,000 and 182,000, respectively. The former did not react with the amino acid substrate of the latter, and vice versa. The wild-type strain was also demonstrated to possess O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (molecular weight: about 96,000), in addition to a large amount of O-acetylserine-O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (Yamagata et al. (1974) J. Biochem. 75, 1221). PMID- 7007361 TI - State of Tyr49 in a mutant tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit substituted at position 49. AB - The states of tyrosine residues in an alpha-subunit of wild-type tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli and a mutant protein which has tyrosine in place of glutamic acid at position 49, were examined by absorption spectrum, spectrophotometric titration of phenolic hydroxyl ionization, and deuteration kinetics of phenolic hydrogen monitored by fluorescence measurement. The difference absorption spectrum of the mutant protein against the wild-type protein at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C had peaks at 289, 282, and 276.5 nm. These positions corresponded to those in the absorption spectrum of L-tyrosine derivatives in a non-aqueous solvent at 77 K and these bands were well-resolved even at 25 degrees C as if the tyrosine residue were fixed at lower temperature. The titration curve of the mutant protein at 3 degrees C differed from that of the wild-type protein only above pH 12.7, where the difference molar extinction coefficient at 295 nm reached a plateau, indicating that ionization of Tyr49 took place at an abnormally high pH. These results suggest that Tyr49 is buried in the hydrophobic interior and fixed in a certain orientation. The deuterium exchanges of phenolic hydrogen at pH 7.0 and 13 degrees C in the wild-type and mutant proteins consisted of a single and two first order processes, respectively, all three having smaller rate constants than that of free tyrosine, indicating that these tyrosine residues are buried. It is concluded that Tyr49 in the mutant protein is not on the surface of the molecule. PMID- 7007363 TI - Phospholipid deacylating activities in murine leprosy bacilli. AB - 1) The particulate fraction of cultivated murine leprosy bacilli (Mycobacterium lepraemurium, rough colonies of the Hawaiian-Ogawa strain) contained phospholipid deacylating activities with acidic pH optima. It hydrolyzed phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine at similar rates, and phosphatidylinositol oligomannosides more slowly. It also hydrolyzed 1-acyl- and 2-acyl-GPCs (sn glycerol 3-phosphocholine) more rapidly than phosphatidylcholine. 2) Ca2+ did not stimulate either diacyl- or monoacyl-hydrolase activity. Triton X-100 and Emulgen 913 had little influence on the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, but at rather high concentrations inhibited the hydrolyses of 1-acyl- and 2-acyl-GPCs. Iron ions strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, but caused little or no inhibition of the deacylations of 1-acyl- and 2-acyl-GPCs. 3) With 1 [stearoyl-14C]phosphatidylcholine and 2-[oleoyl-14C]phosphatidylcholine as substrates, both labeled fatty acid and lysophosphatidylcholine were produced. Labeled fatty acid appeared more rapidly from 2-[oleoyl-14C]phosphatidylcholine than labeled lysophosphatidylcholine, while labeled lysophosphatidylcholine was produced more than labeled fatty acid from 1-[stearoyl-14C]phosphatidylcholine in the early stage of incubation. PMID- 7007364 TI - Augmentation of cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis under stringent control in Escherichia coli. AB - An abrupt increase of cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) occurred concomitant with a decrease of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acids in CP78 (rel+) of Escherichia coli at the onset of the stationary growth phase, whereas such variations were slight in CP79 (rel-). When the cells were starved for isoleucine, the CFA content increased in CP78 but not in CP79. The rate of 14C incorporation from [methyl-14C]methionine into CFAs increased in CP78 abut two fold due to the starvation. The apparent level of CFA synthase also increased due to the starvation. These results that the CFA formation is augmented under stringent control. PMID- 7007362 TI - Solvent accessibility and microenvironment in a bacterial protein proteinase inhibitor SSI (Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor). AB - Solvent accessibility (Lee, B. & Richards, F.M. (1971) J. Mol. Biol. 55, 379-400) was calculated for each atom of a bacterial protein proteinase inhibitor SSI (Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor) based on crystallographic coordinates. Mainly based on this information, various chemical and spectroscopic (UV, Raman, NMR) observations made on the microenvironments of cystines, methionines, tryptophan, histidines, and tyrosines of SSI in solution were evaluated. Crystallographic data and the latter two sets of data were mainly at least qualitatively consistent with each other. These data include (1) the conformation of the two disulfide bridges, (2) the flexibility of the three methionyl side chains, (3) the extent of exposure of the indole ring of a tryptophan, (4) the environment of the two histidines, (5) the environment of the tyrosines, and (6) the hydrogen deuterium exchangeability of peptide NH's. However, the extents of exposure of tyrosines deduced by solvent perturbation UV difference spectroscopy were significantly larger than those based on solvent accessibility calculations. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 7007365 TI - Transport of an uncleaved preprotein into the endoplasmic reticulum of rat pituitary cells. AB - Preprolactin (Pre-Prl) accumulates isolated rat pituitaries incubated with the threonine analog, beta-hydroxynorvaline. The present study examined whether the failure to cleave Pre-Prl to prolactin inhibits the translocation of the peptide chain across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. In homogenates of pituitary tissue Pre-Prl, prolactin, and growth hormone were not degraded by added proteases. If 0.1% Triton X-100 was added with the proteases these proteins were degraded, suggesting that protection of these proteins from proteases was conferred by membrane vesicles. When Pre-Prl synthesized in a cell-free system was mixed and homogenized with pituitary tissue, it was completely degraded by these enzymes. Thus, protease-resistant Pre-Prl was not the result of nonspecific vesicular entrapment of free Pre-Prl during homogenization. Pre-Prl synthesized in isolated pituitaries copurified with the membrane fraction when the vesicles were isolated from tissue homogenates by flotation in 60% sucrose, and sonication and low concentrations of detergent released Pre-Prl from this fraction. Thus, removal of the prepeptide is not an essential step for the insertion of secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7007366 TI - Methionine synthesis from 5'-methylthioadenosine in rat liver. AB - A pathway resulting in the formation of methionine from the 5' methylthioadenosine is shown in vitro using cell-free homogenates of rat liver. Under the conditions used, methionine was the major product produced, as determined by its chemical and chromatographic properties. The kinetics of product formation indicated that 5'-methylthioadenosine is first rapidly converted to 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate, followed by its slower conversion to methionine. 5'-[Methyl-14C]methylthioadenosine, 5'-[methyl-3H] methylthioadenosine, 5'-[35S]methylthioadenosine, and 5'-[adenosine-U 14C]methylthioadenosine were synthesized to determine which portion of the molecule became incorporated into methionine. Carbons from the ribose portion, the carbon and hydrogens of the methyl group, and the sulfur of 5' methylthioadenosine are all incorporated into methionine. The ratio of incorporation of the sulfur and the methyl carbon was 1:1. Therefore, the pathway for methionine synthesis involves modifying the ribose portion of the 5' methylthioadenosine into the 2-aminobutyrate portion of methionine, with the thiomethyl group remaining intact. This pathway appears to be a significant salvage pathway for methionine synthesis in mammals, and may be necessary for removal of 5'-methylthioadenosine produced as a by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7007368 TI - Novel tritium release assays for isovaleryl-CoA and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenases. PMID- 7007369 TI - On the mechanism of ligand-induced down-regulation of insulin receptor level in the liver cell. PMID- 7007367 TI - Unimpaired signal transduction by the adipocyte insulin receptor following its partial proteolytic fragmentation. PMID- 7007370 TI - Effect of a single amino acid substitution on Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase catalysis and ligand binding. AB - The two isozymes of dihydrofolate reductase (Forms 1 and 2) from, a Trimethoprim resistant strain of Escherichia coli (RT500) were separated and purified to homogeneity using a simple procedure based on differential elution from a Methotrexate affinity column. The complete amino acid sequence of the Form 2 isozyme was determined, and it differs from that of Form 1 in only one position. Residue 28 is arginine in Form 2 and leucine in Form 1. However, the isozymes differ greatly in their binding and kinetic properties. Equilibrium dialysis studies showed the Trimethoprim dissociation constants of Form 2 are about 50 fold greater than those of Form 1 in both the binary complex and the ternary complex with NADPH. Similarly, the Methotrexate dissociation constant of Form 2 is about 10-fold greater than that of Form 1. The two isozymes also differ in their turnover numbers at pH 7 (Form 1 is 10-fold more active) and inhibition by divalent cations. Form 1 is extremely sensitive to BaCl2 (50% inhibition at 0.5 mM), whereas Form 2 is much less sensitive (50% inhibition at 60 mM). In the presence of 10 mM BaCl2, Form 1 has the functional characteristics of Form 2. Its turnover number is decreased, its Trimethoprim Ki is increased, and the shape of its pH-activity profile is identical with that of Form 2. The x-ray structures and amino acid sequences of several bacterial dihydrofolate reductases indicate that Asp-27 is important in inhibitor binding and may be involved in catalysis. The present data provide kinetic evidence for this hypothesis, and it is proposed that almost all the unusual characteristics of Form 2 are the direct result of a charge interaction between Arg-28 and Asp-27. A similar interaction between Ba2+ and the Asp-27 of Form 1 can result in an enzyme complex that is kinetically similar to Form 2. PMID- 7007371 TI - Inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase from yeast by coenzyme A disulfide. AB - The time-dependent inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase from yeast by solutions of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA and CoASH is due to the rapid inactivation of the enzyme by oxidized CoA (CoA disulfide) present at trace levels in solutions of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA and CoASH. Solutions of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA or CoASH incubated for 1.5 h with 10 mM dithiothreitol at pH 7.0, 22 degrees C, do not inactivate the enzyme. Inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase is rapid and complete at concentrations of CoA disulfide comparable to those measured in solutions of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA and CoASH. Inactivation of the enzyme by CoA disulfide may be reversed by treating the inactive enzyme with 10 mM dithiothreitol at pH 7.0 Both the inactivation of the enzyme by CoA disulfide and reactivation by dithiothreitol are inhibited by hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA. Other disulfides such as Ellman's reagent and glutathione disulfide also inactivate the enzyme. A thio-disulfide exchange reaction with a sulfhydryl group on the enzyme forming a mixed disulfide or an intramolecular protein disulfide could account for the enzyme inactivation. The normal function of the sulfhydryl group involved in the inactivation of the enzyme is unknown. PMID- 7007372 TI - Physical and chemical evidence for the trimeric subunit structure of 2-keto-4 hydroxyglutarate aldolase from Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7007373 TI - Estradiol receptor-mediated regulation of steroidogenesis in gonadotropin desensitized Leydig cells. PMID- 7007374 TI - Peptidyl diazomethyl ketones are specific inactivators of thiol proteinases. PMID- 7007375 TI - The amino acid sequence of the histidine binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The amino acid sequence of the histidine binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium was determined by automated sequence analysis of reduced and S pyridylethylated histidine binding protein and fragments derived by chemical and enzymatic cleavage of the native protein. The fragments were the products of cleavage at methionine residues by cyanogen bromide, cleavage at tryptophan residues by 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl-3-methyl-3-bromo-3H-indole (BrNps-skatole), limited enzymatic digestion at arginine residues, and enzymatic digestion at Glu X bonds by the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The sequence of the COOH terminal residues was determined using bovine carboxypeptidases A and B and amino acid analysis. The histidine binding protein was found to contain 238 amino acid residues and to have a molecular weight of 26,104 calculated from sequence. PMID- 7007376 TI - In vitro thermal inactivation of a temperature-sensitive sigma subunit mutant (rpoD800) of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase proceeds by aggregation. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant sigma subunit (rpoD800) purified from Escherichia coli was inactivated in vitro by temperatures in excess of 37 degrees C whereas wild type sigma remained stable up to 49 degrees C. Both temperature-sensitive and wild type sigma formed multimeric aggregates upon thermal inactivation which were visualized by electron microscopy as polymeric chains. Conditions favoring sigma monomer (low sigma concentration and binding to core polymerase) protected temperature-sensitive sigma from heat inactivation. Full activity was recovered from inactivated temperature-sensitive sigma aggregates by incubation in a buffer containing 6 M guanidine HCl and subsequent removal of denaturant by dilution. Both wild type and temperature-sensitive sigma recovered full activity levels, retaining their characteristic thermal inactivation temperatures after denaturation in 6 M guanidine HCl and renaturation. Transcription of T4 DNA by RNA polymerase containing the rpoD800 mutant sigma subunit remained undiminished for 10 min after shift up to 46 degrees C but was almost completely inhibited within the following 10 to 15 min. PMID- 7007378 TI - Identical NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the intrahepatic precursor and the secreted form of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Automated Edman degradation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from serum (serum AGP) was successful only after the desialylated, reduced, and alkylated protein had been treated with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase. The sequence is (less than Glu) Asn-Pro-Glu-Pro-Ala-X-Ile-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Ile-. For radioactive sequencing of the NH2 terminus of the intracellular precursor form (liver AGP) of serum AGP, protein was labeled by incubating liver cells in suspension with either [3H]proline or [3H]isoleucine for a 15-min period. Liver AGP was separated from serum AGP by ion exchange chromatography. Between 78 and 90% of the radioactivity incorporated into total AGP was associated with liver AGP, indicating that little conversion of newly synthesized liver AGP to serum AGP had occurred during the 15 min incubation period. Liver AGP was then isolated by immunoprecipitation. The antigen-antibody complex was exposed to 15 Edman degradation cycles; however, no radioactivity was released. Automated Edman degradation of liver AGP which had been extracted from the immunoprecipitate with dilute acid and subsequently treated with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase yielded a sequence of proline and isoleucine identical with that in serum AGP. We conclude that processing of the intracellular precursor form of AGP does not involve a proteolytic trimming near the NH2 terminus. PMID- 7007379 TI - Mechanism of action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Involvement of phospholipid turnover in luteinizing hormone release. AB - The action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) upon luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion is calcium-dependent, but is not mediated by cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or prostaglandins. The role of calcium-mediated phospholipid turnover in GnRH action was investigated in 2-day cultured pituitary cells, in which the production and target cell effects of arachidonic acid were analyzed in relation to GnRH stimulated LH release. Addition of 10(-8) M GnRH, which stimulated LH release 5 fold, caused a 35% increase in the rate of [3H]arachidonic acid release from prelabeled phospholipids. The effects of GnRH on arachidonic acid and LH release, which occurred within 10 min, were calcium-dependent and were not accompanied by a change in [3H]prostaglandin formation. The phospholipase A2 inhibitors, chloroquine and quinacrine, prevented the effect of GnRH on arachidonic acid formation and LH release. Addition of exogenous arachidonic acid or phorbol myristate acetate (which increases endogenous arachidonic acid) caused a dose related release of LH, whereas prostaglandin E2 had no effect. Although GnRH action was highly calcium-dependent, stimulation of LH release by arachidonic acid was unaltered in the absence of extracellular calcium. The effect of arachidonic acid on LH release did not depend on conversion to prostaglandins and was not additive with the action of a maximal stimulating concentration of GnRH. These results demonstrate that GnRH increases arachidonic acid formation from the phospholipids of pituitary gonadotrophs, and indicate that the fatty acid or its metabolites can initiate LH release. PMID- 7007380 TI - Ribosomal components from Escherichia coli 50 S subunits involved in the reconstitution of peptidyltransferase activity. PMID- 7007377 TI - Characterization of proteoglycans synthesized by rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes treated with multiplication-stimulating activity and insulin. AB - The structures of proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by Swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes cultured in the presence of insulin, multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), and fetal calf serum were investigated. Proteoglycans produced in all cultures were found as link protein stabilized aggregates. Monomeric proteoglycans from cultures treated with MSA or insulin were slightly larger in hydrodynamic size than those synthesized by chondrocytes maintained in unsupplemented medium. This increase reflected a 25 to 30% increase in the length of the covalently bound chondroitin sulfate side chains. No free glycosaminoglycans were detected in any cultures, although the presence of a lower molecular weight proteoglycan at a significant concentration was observed in the medium fraction of serum-maintained cultures. MSA and insulin treatments did not result in the synthesis of a proteoglycan containing other types of glycosaminoglycans nor did they alter the degree or position of sulfation of the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. The small changes in proteoglycan structure do not account for the larger differences in the levels of incorporation of radioactivity indicating that the primary effect of MSA and insulin on proteoglycan synthesis in this in vitro system is an increased rate of synthesis and secretion of proteoglycan. PMID- 7007381 TI - NADH inhibition and NAD activation of Escherichia coli lipoamide dehydrogenase catalyzing the NADH-lipoamide reaction. AB - A unique form of inhibition by NADH and partial reversal by NAD+ has been demonstrated with Escherichia coli lipoamide dehydrogenase. Substrate inhibition by NADH is consistent with its reduction of the active two-electron reduced enzyme intermediate to the inactive four-electron reduced form. NAD+ partially overcomes this inhibition by mass action reversal of this reduction. NAD+ activation is only partial since the presence of both NAD+ and NADH forces the accumulation of two binary enzyme-pyridine nucleotide complexes. These are intermediates in the two-electron to four-electron reduction of the enzyme and thus are not on the catalytic pathway. NAD+ is also shown to inhibit by binding to the oxidized enzyme to give a dead-end complex. From the steady state rate equations, it is apparent that the degree of inhibition will depend on the oxidation-reduction potential for two- to four-electron reduction of the enzyme. Thus, the wide variation in the severity of NADH inhibition between the E. coli and pig heart enzymes is explained by quantitative differences in the basic lipoamide dehydrogenase mechanism. A possible physiological role for this type of inhibition as a mechanism of control in E. coli is discussed. PMID- 7007382 TI - Properties of spermidine N-acetyltransferase from livers of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride and its role in the conversion of spermidine into putrescine. PMID- 7007383 TI - The specificity of porcine pancreatic protease E. AB - A procedure for the preparation of porcine protease E is described. The availability of a convenient source of the enzyme has permitted specificity studies utilizing the macromolecular substrates oxidized insulin A and B chains and oxidized ribonuclease. The results show that protease E has a pronounced selectivity for the carbonyl bonds of serine threonine, alanine, and valine residues, with the latter most favored. The specificity is complementary to that of the chymotrypsins and we suggest that this property is physiologically significant. The k3 and Km values for the substrates acetyl-trialanine methyl ester, succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide and benzoylalanine methyl ester are comparable to those observed by others for porcine elastase. The specificity observed in the present work, however, indicates that protease E may best be regarded as a member of the chymotrypsin group of enzymes. PMID- 7007384 TI - Identification of zymogen E in a complex with bovine procarboxypeptidase A. AB - The presence of zymogen E in bovine pancreatic secretion was demonstrated by activation with trypsin and isolation of protease E. The enzyme, pI = 4.85, has k3 and Km values of 48 s-1 and 4.4 mM, respectively, for acetyl-tri-L-alanine methyl ester and an amino acid composition similar to that of porcine protease E. Gel filtration of the proteins in the secretion provided evidence that bovine zymogen E forms complexes with procarboxypeptidase A, including a ternary complex of these two proteins with chymotrypsinogen C. Taken together with previous observations on porcine zymogen E (Kobayashi, R., Kobayashi, Y., and Hirs, C. H. W. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5526-5530) the data suggest that complex formation between procarboxypeptidase A and zymogen E may be a more widespread property of these proteins. The fact that zymogen E occurs as a major constituent in bovine pancreatic secretion in a physiological context n which no requirement for elastolysis exists suggests further that the functional significance of protease E in the digestion of proteins is general and not specific for elastin. PMID- 7007385 TI - Processing in vivo of precursor maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli occurs post-translationally as well as co-translationally. AB - The mechanism of synthesis of maltose-binding protein (Mr = 38,500), an exported periplasmic protein in Escherichia coli, was investigated in vivo. A precursor to maltose-binding protein (Mr - 41,000), which is identical to the precursor polypeptide synthesized in vitro in a cell-free system, can be detected in vivo indicating that it is not processed to mature size until the polypeptide chain is terminated. The population of incomplete, nascent polypeptide chains of maltose binding protein was found to contain NH2 termini characteristic of both precursor and mature protein demonstrating that processing occurs co-translationally as well as post-translationally. However, the polypeptide containing the signal sequence must reach a critical size of Mr - 33,000 before any processing takes place. PMID- 7007386 TI - Clathrin and coated vesicle proteins Immunological characterization. AB - Antisera to a purified extract of bovine brain coated vesicles have been prepared. The extract contained clathrin (greater than 90%) and polypeptides of 35,000 (less than 5%) and 38,000 (less than 5%) molecular weight. Antibodies to clathrin were affinity purified on a homogeneous clathrin-Sepharose column and demonstrated to be monospecific by sensitive immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments. These antibodies give a fluorescence pattern consistent with coated pit localization in cultured cells from diverse species indicating extensive cross-reaction, and, thus, conservation of the clathrin antigen. Antibodies to the lower molecular weight proteins (LMWP) present in the clathrin preparation were also affinity purified on a column containing these polypeptides but devoid of clathrin. These antibodies cross-reacted completely and immunoprecipitated only clathrin from 3T3 cell extracts. Although the molecular weights and isoelectric points of the LMWP presented are quite similar to tropomyosins, these immunological results and limited protease digestion data indicate that tropomyosin and the LMWP are not related. Rather, the latter may be breakdown products of clathrin. PMID- 7007388 TI - alpha-Factor-mediatd modification of a 32P-labeled protein by MATa cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Addition of the polypeptide mating pheromone alpha-factor to haploid MATa cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in the modification of a 32P-labeled protein (P17) with an apparent Mr of 17,000 to a form having an apparent Mr of 17,500 (P17). 32P associated with both P17 and P17 exhibits an unusually rapid rate of turnover. The conversion of P17 to P17 precedes the appearance of morphologically abnormal cells and, in contrast to other responses elicited by this pheromone, this change in apparent molecular weight does not require protein synthesis. Upon removal of alpha-factor, the P17/P17 ratio returns to pretreatment levels. PMID- 7007387 TI - Phospholipid is required for the processing of presecretory proteins by detergent solubilized canine pancreatic signal peptidase. AB - The ability of canine pancreatic signal peptidase to remove the signal peptide portion of presecretory proteins in a translocation-independent assay is shown to require phospholipid. Sodium deoxycholate extracts of canine pancreatic rough microsomes containing both signal peptidase and phospholipid were delipidated by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B equilibrated with 0.2% deoxycholate. Column fractions were assayed for signal peptidase activity both with and without the addition of ethanol-extracted soybean phospholipid at a final concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. A peak of signal peptidase activity was detected only when the fractions were assayed with added phospholipid. Phospholipid assays demonstrated that the peak of signal peptidase activity was cleanly separated from phospholipid. The ratio of protein to phospholipid in the deoxycholate extract of rough microsomes was 1.76 while that of the most active signal peptidase fractions ranged from 46.1 to 138. The peak of signal peptidase activity exhibited an apparent Stokes radius of 55 A. Highly purified preparations of phosphatidylcholine were most effective in restoring activity to delipidated signal peptidase. Phosphatidylinositol was much less effective. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine were all ineffective. PMID- 7007389 TI - Amino acid sequence of the gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7 and nucleotide sequence of its mRNA. AB - The amino acid sequence of purified gene 0.3 protein of T7, the protein responsible for overcoming host restriction, has been determined. The nucleotide sequence of the 0.3 RNA, the messenger RNA that codes for both the 0.3 protein and the gene 0.4 protein, a T7 protein of unknown function, has also been determined. The 0.3 RNA is 578 nucleotides long, 509 of which are used to code for the 2 proteins. The coding sequences do not overlap, but the termination codon for the 0.3 protein and the presumed initiation codon for the 0.4 protein do overlap in the sequence UAAUG. The 0.3 protein is very acidic: 34 of its 116 amino acids are aspartic or glutamic acid and only 6 are arginine or lysine. The 0.3 protein contains no cysteine. The nucleotide sequence predicts that the 0.4 protein consists of 50 amino acids and contains no histidine or proline. The effects of different mutations indicate that a protein which contains only the first 87 amino acids of the 0.3 protein is unable to prevent host restriction in vivo; one that contains te first 93 amino acids has weak function; and one that has the first 94 amino acids (plus 2 that are not in the wild type sequence) is fully able to prevent host restriction. The apparently critical 94th amino acid is tryptophan. The mutant 0.3 proteins that contain 87 or more amino acids appear to be reasonably stable in vivo, but those that contain 78 or fewer are apparently too unstable to have been observed by gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7007390 TI - Social structural consequences of population growth. PMID- 7007391 TI - A study of the clinical incidence of infection in the use of banked allograft bone. AB - To determine the incidence of infection in grafting procedures utilizing banked allograft bone, 567 questionnaires were sent to collaborating surgeons who used Navy Tissue Bank freeze-dried allograft bone from October 1973 to October 1976. Three hundred and three questionnaires were sufficiently completed to be included in the study. Twenty-one patients were reported as showing evidence of infection, of which twelve were considered minor and nine were considered major according to the effect on the patient's postoperative course. In eleven of the twenty-one patients there were positive cultures as proof of infection: in the remaining ten there were not. Analysis of the proved infections showed that the allograft was probably not primarily responsible in most of the patients. Based on the data obtained in this study, the incidence of infection with the use of banked allogenous bone appears to compare favorably with infection rates reported for orthopaedic procedures utilizing autogenous bone. PMID- 7007392 TI - Oxalosis-induced bone disease: a complication of transplantation and prolonged survival in primary hyperoxaluria. PMID- 7007393 TI - Surgical treatment of annulo aortic ectasia. Experience in eight consecutive patients. AB - Eight patients with ectasia of the aortic annulus due to cystic degeneration of the media are presented. All patients were operated with a technique similar to the one described by Bentall and De Bono. Six patients had the aortic valve replaced by a bioprosthesis and two patients with a St. Jude Medical Valve Prosthesis. Manoeuvers to avoid anastomotic tension, adequate myocardial protection, and a careful control of postbypass blood pressure are described. There was no early or late mortality. Patients have been followed for a mean period of twelve months. Seven patients are in grade I of the N.Y.H.A., and one in grade II. Five patients studied postoperatively with cardiac catheterization and angiography showed normal ventricular function, normal prosthetic function and no aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm in any of the suture lines and with a good coronary anatomy. PMID- 7007395 TI - Fibronectin localization in the rat glomerulus. AB - Fibronectin (FN) has been localized in the rat glomerulus using indirect immunolabeling. It was demonstrated in frozen sections by immunofluorescence, in sections of fixed kidneys by both peroxidase and ferritin-labeled antibodies, and in isolated glomerular basement membranes (GBM) with ferritin-labeled antibodies. Complementary and convergent results were obtained with these approaches. FN was most abundant in the mesangial matrix where it was especially concentrated at the interface between the endothelial and mesangial cells. In the peripheral capillary loop, FN was also detected in the laminae rarae (interna and externa) of the GBM--i.e., between the endothelial and epithelial cells, respectively, and the GBM. These findings indicate that FN is an important constituent of the glomerulus, and they are compatible with the assumption that, in the glomerulus, as in cultured cells, FN is involved in cell-to-cell (mesangial-mesangial, mesangial-endothelial) and cell-to-substrate (mesangial cell-mesangial matrix, epithelium-GBM, endothelium-GBM) attachment. PMID- 7007394 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of procollagen and fibronectin in human fibroblasts: effects of the monovalent ionophore, monensin. AB - The monovalent ionophore monensin inhibits the secretion of both procollagen and fibronectin from human fibroblasts in culture. The distribution of these proteins in control and inhibited (5 x 10(-7) M monensin) cells has been studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. In control cells, both antigens are present throughout the cytoplasm and in specific deposits in a region adjacent to the nucleus, which we identify as a Golgi zone by electron microscopy. Treatment of cells with monensin causes intracellular accumulation of procollagen and fibronectin, initially in the juxta-nuclear region and also subsequently in peripheral regions. Electron microscope studies reveal that in such cells the juxta-nuclear Golgi zone becomes filled with a new population of smooth-membraned vacuoles and that normal Golgi complexes are not found. Immunocytochemically detected procollagen and fibronectin are localized in the region of these vacuoles, whereas more peripheral deposits correspond to the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which are also caused by monensin. Procollagen and fibronectin are often codistributed in these peripheral deposits. Accumulation of exportable proteins in Golgi-related vacuoles is consistent with previous analyses of the monensin effect. The subsequent development of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum also containing accumulated proteins may indicate that there is an additional blockade at the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, or that the synthesized proteins exceed the capacity of the Golgi compartment and that their accumulation extends into the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7007397 TI - Visualization of nucleosomes in thin sections by stereo electron microscopy. AB - Nucleosomes (approximately diameter) were clearly visualized in thin sections (approximately 0.1 micrometer thick) of isolated chicken erythrocytes. The cells were lysed and fixed in low ionic strength buffers that maintained the chromatin as dispersed filaments and prevented the reformation of supranucleosomal structures. Stereo electron micrographs at high magnification demonstrate the stability of nucleosome structure in the dispersed chromatin state during fixation, dehydration, and embedding. PMID- 7007396 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of HeLa cell microtubule-associated proteins on microtubules in vitro and in vivo. AB - Rabbit antisera were prepared against the two major groups of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) from HeLa cells, proteins of approximately 210,000 molecular weight (210k MAPs), and 125,000 mol wt (125k MAPs). These antisera were characterized by a sensitive antigen detection technique that employs immunofluorescence to localize cross-reactive material in polyacrylamide gels. Antisera prepared against the 210k MAPs showed no cross-reactivity with extract proteins of other molecular weights or with bran MAPs, but did react with proteins of 210,000 mol wt and with a minor HeLa MAP of approximately 255,000 mol wt. Antibodies prepared against the 125k HeLa MAPs, likewise, reacted specifically with proteins of 125,000 mol wt, showing no cross-reactivity with other HeLa extract proteins or porcine brain MAPs. Immunofluorescence with the 210k and 125k MAP antisera was used to demonstrate the association of each of the MAPs with fixed HeLa microtubules in vitro. In addition, immunofluorescence with these antisera revealed a physical association of 210k and 125k MAPs with a Colcemid-sensitive fiber network in fixed interphase and mitotic HeLa cells. Thus, using specific, well-characterized antisera to the two major groups of HeLa MAPs, we have shown that these proteins are components of microtubules in HeLa cells. PMID- 7007398 TI - Insulin inhibition of protein degradation in cell monolayers. AB - Protein degradation has been measured in confluent monolayers of eleven lines of contact-inhibited cells and ten transformed lines as the rate of release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity after prelabeling cell protein with [3H]leucine. Insulin, at contrations from 10(-12) M to 10(-6) M, has been added at the beginning of the 4-hour degradation period to detect selective effects of this hormone as an inhibitor of the inducible proteolysis occurring in serum-free medium. In addition insulin binding measurements have been performed on selected cell lines in an attempt to relate receptor properties to insulin action. Substantial effects of insulin are found in most cells with a selective inhibition at low insulin concentrations noted in several of the transformed lines. The difference in insulin sensitivity is not entirely definitive because temperature-sensitive transformation mutants of NRK cells are not more sensitive to insulin at a temperature where they show the transformed phenotype. Although insulin receptors on different cell lines have similar binding properties, two of the hepatomas used, H35 and MH1C1, show inhibition of protein degradation at insulin concentrations where receptor occupancy is extremely low. Calvarial osteoblast-like cells have a high rate of protein degradation which can be reduced by growth factors but not by insulin. The lack of an insulin response is a consequence of poor insulin binding to the cells. Insulin binds to the osteogenic sarcoma cells in substantial amounts. However, its normal action to inhibit the induced proteolysis is restricted because with these cells no increase of proteolysis occurs in serum-free medium. Generally higher rates of protein degradation are observed in the contact-inhibited lines than the transformed cells. We suggest that this difference may provide a selective growth advantage to transformed cells. PMID- 7007400 TI - Modulation of the G0 to S phase transit time by insulin: potential involvement of protein phosphorylation. AB - BHK fibroblasts can be growth arrested by incubation in low serum (0.1%) medium. Growth is initiated by incubating cells in high serum (10%) medium. We have found that if the quiescent cells in low serum medium are incubated with insulin, the G0 to S transit time is decreased by two to six hours when serum (10%) is added back to the culture. The effect of insulin treatment of quiescent cells on the cellular phosphoprotein profile was examined. It was found that insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of a 96,000 dalton cytosol protein. This protein is also intensely phosphorylated in proliferating cells and may be one of the critical intracellular events to occur when a cell initiates growth. PMID- 7007401 TI - Insulin degradation in serum of a patient with apparent insulin resistance. AB - A case is presented of a thin diabetic male who was resistant to large doses of sc and im insulin but responded to small dose of insulin given iv. His serum contained an enzyme that degraded [125I]insulin in vitro. We postulate that his apparent insulin resistance was due to inactivation of insulin at the injection site. We propose that the sera of patients with insulin resistance be tested for [125I]insulin-degrading activity as a possible means of identifying patients with this syndrome. PMID- 7007399 TI - Cell surface molecules of Friend erythroleukemias: decrease in T200 glycoprotein expression after induction. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against the Thy-1 and T200 glycoproteins were used to study the expression of cell surface molecules on mouse hematopoietic cell lines. Friend erythroleukemias express T200 glycoprotein but do not express significant amounts of Thy-1 glycoprotein on their cell surface. The rate of T200 glycoprotein synthesis in maximally-induced Friend erythroleukemia 745.6 cells is less than 10% that in noninduced cells, although total protein synthesis shows only a twofold decline and induced cells express 2-6-fold less T200 glycoprotein on their surface compared to noninduced cells. T200 glycoprotein expression is reduced in a variant cell line obtained by selection for growth in dimethylsulfoxide, showing that the reduction in T200 glycoprotein synthesis characteristic of induced cells is an event that can be dissociated from commitment and hemoglobin synthesis. Analysis of T200 glycoprotein negative cell lines, isolated by cytotoxic immunoselection against T200 glycoprotein, indicates that the presence of T200 glycoprotein on the cell surface is not necessary for induction of hemoglobin synthesis and terminal differentiation of Friend erythroleukemias. PMID- 7007402 TI - Isoosmotic central blood volume expansion suppresses plasma arginine vasopressin in normal man. AB - Despite numerous studies which have characterized the regulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the role of volume in governing ADH release remains incompletely defined. Most studies have examined the quantitative effects of hypovolemia on arginine vasopressin (AVP). In contrast, few have assessed the role of hypervolemia on AVP regulation. Furthermore, there are no data to date on the effect of acute isoosmotic volume expansion on plasma AVP in man. The successful characterization of the water immersion model (NI) and the demonstration that it induces an acute central volume expansion without changes in plasma composition commended its utilization in the present study. Twelve normal subjects were studied after 14 h of dehydration on two occasions: control and during 4 h of NI. Blood was obtained every 30 min for AVP. AVP was unaltered during the control period. In contrast, there was a prompt and sustained suppression of AVP throughout NI (P < 0.05 vs. control). There were no concomitant changes in plasma osmolality. Since the changes in AVP occurred consequent to central volume expansion but in the absence of concomitant changes in plasma composition, the current data support the concept that acute isoosmotic central volume expansion in man results in a suppression of plasma AVP. PMID- 7007403 TI - Characterization of human anti-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) antibodies in the serum of a patient with isolated gonadotropin deficiency treated with synthetic LRH. AB - In this report we describe the characteristics of human anti-LRH antibodies detected in the serum of a male patient with isolated gonadotropin deficiency. He had received 90 days of therapy with LRH (1 mg, sc, three times daily) and was then placed on three cycles of intermittent therapy (3 weeks of LRH daily, followed by hCG every 3 days for 15 days). At the start of the fourth cycle of therapy with LRH, he developed urticaria at the site of injection, at sites of previous LRH injections, and at distant sites. Upon direct skin testing, the patient reacted positively to 0.02 ng LRH intradermally. A positive intradermal reaction was induced in a normal adult male by preparing his skin with 0.1 ml of the patient's serum and, 24 h later, injecting 0.2 microgram LRH at that site. A binding factor for LRH was detected in the patient's serum by incubation with [125I]LRH. The serum bound 33% of tracer compared to 6% in control serum. We have detected both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E antibodies against LRH in the patient's serum. We have compared displacement of tracer by synthetic LRH with displacement achieved by a series of analogs. Displacements of tracer by LRH, [Lys8]LRH, [D-Trp6,Pro9-NEt]LRH, [des-Gly10]LRH, and [Phe2]LRH were similar, whereas the potencies of Ac-LRH5-10 and AcLRH2-10 were 0.1% or less. PMID- 7007404 TI - Suppression of captopril-induced increase in plasma renin activity by des-Asp1 ,Ileu8-angiotensin II in man. AB - One hundred milligrams of oral captopril (SQ 14225) caused a significant increase in PRA and a significant decrease in plasma aldosterone (PA) in five normal men and five hypertensive patients. Blood pressure (BP) showed no change in the normal men, but it fell significantly in the patients. An iv infusion of 200 ng/kg.min des-Asp1-,Ileu8-angiotensin II (AIIIA) for 2 h caused a significant decrease in PRA and a slight but significant increase in PA, but caused no change in BP in the normal men. When 100 mg captopril were given orally immediately before the start of the AIIIA infusion, BP showed no change in the normal men, but fell in the patients. However, PRA showed a significant decrease and PA showed a slight but significant increase in both the normal men and the patients, except for one patient with renovascular hypertension who showed a decrease in PA. Thus, this suppression of captopril-induced PRA increase by AIIIA, a derivative of angiotensin II, is not related to BP change, and it suggests that the principal cause of the PRA increase after captopril is a disappearance of endogenous angiotensin II. PMID- 7007405 TI - Radioimmunoassay of leucine-enkephalin-like substance in human and canine plasma. AB - Fasting human plasma immunoreactive leu-enkephalin (ir-leu-enkephalin) measured by radioimmunoassay averages 54+/-10 pg/ml. The method depends on acidification of plasma to protect against destruction of the peptide, adsorption to XAD-2 resin, extraction from the resin by aqueous methanol and concentration by evaporation. Plasma enkephalin in the dog increased from 13 to 56 pg/ml following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7007406 TI - Piperidine enhances sleep-related and insulin-induced growth hormone secretion: further evidence for a cholinergic secretory mechanism. AB - Piperidine, a nicotinic cholinergic receptor stimulator, was used in paired design studies of sleep-related and insulin-induced GH and PRL secretion. For the sleep studies, 100 mg piperidine or an equal volume of saline were infused for 30 min starting at sleep onset in eight normal volunteers. The same dose of piperidine was infused for 30 min (beginning 15 min before insulin injection) in an additional eight volunteers undergoing insulin tolerance tests. After piperidine administration, there was a significant (P less than 0.01) enhancement of sleep-related GH secretion, abut no change in PRL. GH concentrations during the first 2 h of sleep were 7.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml after saline and 15.2 +/-2.9 ng/ml after piperidine (P less than 0.01). No alteration in any measured sleep parameter was noted with the drug. Piperidine did not affect the daytime insulin induced secretion of either GH or PRL, as assessed by an analysis of variance. However, paired analysis of increments and areas under the response curves indicated a statistically significant effect for GH but not PRL. The maximum GH increment with piperidine was 48.0 +/- 4.3 ng/ml, compared to 36.8 +/- 3.6 ng/ml with saline (P less than 0.01). Piperidine given alone did not influence daytime concentrations of GH. These data are consistent with the view proposed by us, on the bass of methoscopolamine inhibition of nocturnal GH secretion, that cholinergic pathways play a facilitatory role in sleep-related and insulin induced GH secretion. Thus, cholinergic mechanisms stimulate GH secretion. Nicotinic as well as muscarinic pathways appear to be involved, although the quantitative nicotinic contribution seems to be smaller than the associated with muscarinic sites. PMID- 7007407 TI - Heterogeneity of the insulin-receptor interaction in lipoatropic diabetes. AB - [125] Insulin binding to its receptors was studied on circulating cells from 11 patients (8 females and 3 males) with lipoatropic diabetes. The patients ranged in age from 9-54 yr. All were insulin resistant, as evidenced by fasting hyperinsulinemia and insulin tolerance tests. Nine patients were evaluated by specific [125] insulin binding to monocytes. Three different patterns of receptor abnormalities were observed: 3 patients demonstrated decreased binding due to decreased binding capacity, 2 patients revealed normal tracer binding with decreased receptor affinity,, and 4 patients had normal or increased insulin binding. [125] Insulin binding to erythrocytes in 9 cases demonstrated similar heterogeneities of initial binding. In most cases there was a good correlation between the binding with erythrocytes and monocytes, although decreased affinity was not observed in the red blood cells. There was no obvious correlations between the nature of the receptor defect and the clinical patterns in these patients. Heterogeneity in insulin binding was even observed among affected members of the same family. Antibodies to the insulin receptor were not detected in any of these patients by either binding inhibition or immunoprecipitation assays. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of the insulin resistance in lipoatropic diabetes is heterogeneous and may involve both receptor and postreceptor abnormalities. PMID- 7007408 TI - Monocyte insulin receptors in infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers. AB - Infants of diabetic mothers have hyperinsulinism at birth, presumably resulting from maternal hyperglycemia or some other derangement of maternal metabolism, and are extremely sensitive to insulin. Such infants have significantly greater numbers of insulin receptors on cord blood monocytes compared to normal infants. To assess the role of maternal diabetic control, nine infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers, who were intensively treated during pregnancy, were studied. Maternal blood glucose values were measured during weekly out-patient visits throughout pregnancy, and insulin therapy was given to maintain fasting blood glucose values below 100mg/dl. When necessary, the patients were hospitalized early in pregnancy in order to achieve glucose control, and all patients were hospitalized for up to 2 weeks before delivery for strict glucose control. The mean birth weight (+/- SD) of these infants (3.23 +/- 0.23 kg) was lower than that of nine infants of mothers with gestational diabetes not receiving insulin or intensive efforts at maintenance of normoglycemia (3.99 +/- 0.12; P less than 0.01) and was not significantly different from that of normal infants (3.51 +/- 0.37 kg). Mean cord blood C-peptide levels (+/- SD), determined by RIA, were 1.6 +/- 0.78 ng/ml for infants of these strictly controlled diabetic mothers and 1.4 0.1 ng/ml for normal infants. Scatchard analysis of [125]insulin binding to cord blood monocytes yielded mean receptor numbers for infants of diabetic mothers of 22,500 vs. 105,000 sites/cell for infants of diabetic mothers (P less than 0.001) and 26,600 sites/cell for normal infants. We conclude that the strict control of maternal diabetes during the last trimester of pregnancy prevents fetal hyperinsulinemia and is associated with the development of normal numbers of insulin receptors on the infants' monocytes. PMID- 7007409 TI - Counterregulatory hormones during moderate, insulin-induced, blood glucose decrements in man. AB - To verify whether a significant increase in levels of counterregulatory hormones occurs in the course of mild blood glucose decrements, we infused regular insulin iv over 65 min in two groups of healthy volunteers (group A, n= 7; group B, n = 6) at a constant rate (group A, 0.05 U/kg; group B, 0.025 U/kg). All subjects were connected to an artificial endocrine pancreas (Biostator) for continuous blood glucose (BG) monitoring. Plasma insulin, glucagon, and GH were determined by specific RIAs. Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol were measured by sensitive fluorimetric methods. A moderate fall in BG occurred from 91 +/- 1.5 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) to a nadir of 56 +/- 4.5 mg/ml at 45 min in group A and from 81 +/- 2.5 to a nadir of 64 +/- 4.9 mg/dl at 45 min in group B. In both groups A and B, the increases in plasma glucagon and catecholamine levels, which remained strictly in the physiological range, appeared concomitant and were significant at 45 min (P less than or equal to 0.05 vs. basal), while the increases in plasma cortisol and GH concentrations were clearly delayed. The increments for all counterregulatory hormones (expressed as the area to minutes ratio) except GH, were significantly greater in group A than in group B ( P less than or equal to 0.01). There was a significant correlation between these increases, including that of GH and the BG decrease, calculated in all subjects investigated. These results suggest that the mechanisms involved for the release of counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and GH are very sensitive to a moderate decrease in BG concentration and that there is a close relationship between this hormonal response and the degree of the BG decrements obtained. PMID- 7007410 TI - T-lymphocyte sensitization in Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases confirmed by an indirect migration inhibition factor test. AB - T-Lymphocyte sensitization in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was studied by an indirect migration inhibition factor test using normal T lymphocytes as second stage indicator cells. In the first stage, mononuclear cells or T-lymphocytes, fractionated by the standard Ficoll-Hypaque procedure from the blood of patients with untreated GD and HT, were cultured in Eagle's medium containing thyroid antigen, and their cell-free supernatants were saved. Normal T-lymphocytes as second stage indicator cells were packed in capillary tubes and placed in planchettes with the above supernatants to complete the indirect migration inhibition factor test. Inhibition of the migration of indicator T-lymphocytes was demonstrated when either GD or HT culture supernatants were employed. Moreover, there was a good correlation between the indirect using the culture supernatants and the direct migration inhibition factor test using mononuclear cells or T-lymphocytes. On the other hand, in both direct and indirect migration inhibition factor tests using mononuclear cells and mononuclear cell culture supernatants, respectively, in the presence of human liver antigen as a nonspecific antigen, there was no significant difference between controls and patients. From these results, we can conclude that GD and HT T-lymphocytes are sensitized to thyroid antigen and produce the lymphokine, migration inhibition factor, into the supernatant when exposed to this antigen. PMID- 7007411 TI - beta-Endorphin stimulates the secretion of insulin and glucagon in humans. AB - Administration of beta-endorphin as an iv bolus elicited an acute and simultaneous rise in insulin and glucagon levels within 5 min in fasting normal male and female subjects. This was followed by an increase in the concentration of plasma glucose. The elevation of plasma insulin, glucagon and glucose levels lasted for up to 120 min. These observations suggest a possible role for beta endorphin in the regulation of alpha and beta cell function within the pancreatic islets. PMID- 7007412 TI - Candida antigenemia, as detected by passive hemagglutination inhibition, in patients with disseminated candidiasis or Candida colonization. AB - A passive hemagglutination inhibition assay was studied by using a hyperimmune serum from rabbits immunized with whole yeast cells (Candida albicans group A). This technique was effective at detecting small amounts of laboratory-prepared mannan or a whole-cell extract of C. albicans. Of 32 patients with documented disseminated candidiasis that were tested, 19 showed evidence of circulating antigen by passive hemagglutination inhibition. Three of these patients showed only partial, rather than complete, inhibition. Among 22 colonized patients, 4 showed partial inhibition, and none of 49 normal controls demonstrated inhibition. All of the sera were tested for antibody by agglutination, immunodiffusion, and passive hemagglutination. This last technique added increased sensitivity, but not specificity, to the standard tests already in use. Fourfold or greater titer rises by passive hemagglutination occurred in fewer than one-third of patients with invasive candidiasis and developed in more than one-half of patients who were colonized and did not require systemic anticandida therapy. PMID- 7007413 TI - Improved serodiagnosis of Salmonella enteric fevers by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological diagnosis of typhoid or paratyphoid fevers was tested with a collection of five sets of sera from 23 individuals who had no history of Salmonella infection from a nonendemic area (set 1) and from 143 patients from a highly endemic area (sets 2 to 5). The test was performed with a crude cell envelope fraction derived from Salmonella typhi. On the basis of results with sera in set 1, titers >160 (inverse of serum dilution) for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or >500 for IgG were regarded as signifying a specific antibody response. These titers were occasionally exceeded in sera in set 2, derived from patients with no clinical or laboratory evidence of Salmonella infection. In presumptive cases of typhoid or paratyphoid fevers (culture positive and agglutination negative or vice versa; 13 patients, set 3, and 26 patients, set 4, respectively), IgG antibodies were encountered more frequently than IgM, but some sera were negative in each group. In 81 confirmed cases (culture and agglutination positive, set 5) IgG antibodies were detected in at least one of the paired sera from all patients, and the IgG titers were higher (median 3,500) than those of the IgM antibodies (median 600). There was no evidence of a significant difference in IgM or IgG titers between acute- and convalescent-phase sera. The titers of 10 paired sera from patients from whom S. enteritidis, bioserotype paratyphi A, was isolated were somewhat lower than those of 84 patients with S. typhi isolation (serogroup D). There was some correlation between O antigen agglutination and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but otherwise the titers in the two serological tests varied independently. Of 11 patients in set 3 (2 patients with serogroup B agglutinins omitted), 1 belonged to blood group O, in contrast to 54 group O among 107 agglutination-positive patients, a distribution not necessarily reflected by the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. This study has provided good evidence that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can serve as a valuable aid to the diagnosis of Salmonella infection in an endemic area, as a substitute for the agglutination test. PMID- 7007414 TI - Correlation studies of entero-set 20, API 20E and conventional media systems for Enterobacteriaceae identification. AB - The Entero-Set kit (Fisher Diagnostics) is a 20-biochemical-test system used in the identification of members of the Enterobacteriaceae. This kit was compared with the API 20E (Analytab Products) and conventional media systems, using 505 (303 stock and 202 clinical) strains of Enterobacteriaceae. When the Entero-Set and API 20E results were compared with those of the conventional media system, the Entero-Set performed as well as the API 20E in overall identification. Comparison of common biochemical tests among the various systems showed that citrate, arabinose, adonitol, inositol, and malonate gave correlations below 90%. The majority of the discrepancies were found among stock cultures. In addition, most discrepancies occurred with species of Enterobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Serratia. Reproducibility studies showed the Entero-Set system to perform with a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility. PMID- 7007415 TI - Quantitative method for enumeration of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - A rapid method was developed to quantify toxigenic Escherichia coli, using a membrane filter procedure. After filtration of samples, the membrane filter was first incubated on a medium selective for E. coli (24 h, 44 degrees C) and then transferred to tryptic soy agar (3%; 6 h, 37 degrees C). To assay for labile toxin-producing colonies, the filter was then transferred to a monolayer of Y-1 cells, the E. coli colonies were marked on the bottom of the petri dish, and the filter was removed after 15 min. The monolayer was observed for a positive rounding effect after a 15- to 24-h incubation. The method has an upper limit of detecting 30 toxigenic colonies per plate and can detect as few as one toxigenic colony per plate. A preliminary screening for these enterotoxigenic strains in polluted waters and known positive fecal samples was performed, and positive results were obtained with fecal samples only. PMID- 7007416 TI - Evaluation of preservation methods and solid media suitable for recovery of Ureaplasma urealyticum from transported urine specimens. AB - Urine specimens to be tested for Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) must often be transported to a central laboratory for identification. To examine survival of these organisms over 2 days of transport, fresh urine samples were tested for the presence of ureaplasmas and then divided into four groups: (i) fresh, (ii) frozen, (iii) preserved with 1% (wt/vol) boric acid at room temperature, and (iv) preserved with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and frozen. The samples were cultured on both A7 and New York City solid media, and the estimates of survival were compared to that of fresh urine. Less than 10% survival of Ureaplasma was observed in 11 of 14 specimens stored frozen for 2 days without preservation; six specimens lost all organisms. Specimens containing either dimethyl sulfoxide or boric acid showed higher survival rates, although neither method consistently approached the full recovery of the T-strains found with the fresh urine. Ureaplasmas from fresh specimens grew well on both New York City and A7 media; however, the New York City medium proved superior for those preserved with boric acid and for urine samples containing few ureaplasmas. These results indicate that preservation of samples does increase the yield of U. urealyticum from urine samples delayed in transit. PMID- 7007417 TI - Validation of Legionella pneumophila indirect immunofluorescence assay with epidemic sera. AB - Sera from six outbreaks of legionellosis and four outbreaks of pneumonia of other etiologies were tested with the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as currently performed. The current IFA is at least as sensitive as the original test in detecting cases of Legionnaires disease (78 to 91%). By using Center for Disease Control criteria for a positive (fourfold increase in titer during convalescence to greater than or equal to 128) or presumptive (single titer greater than or equal to 256) serological test, the specificity exceeded 99%. No cross-reactions against Legionella pneumophila antigens were observed among sera from epidemic cases of Q fever, tularemia, and psittacosis; the only positive L. pneumophila IFA titer among the epidemic Mycoplasma pneumonia sera was reduced to a negative titer with an immunosorbent extracted from Escherichia coli strain O13:K92:H4. The slight increase in specificity (to 100%), however, was offset by a slight decrease in sensitivity. The sensitivity of the IFA was maximal when a conjugate that detected immunoglobulins G, M, and A was used. IFA titers were not significantly altered by replacing the monovalent serogroup 1 antigen with a polyvalent antigen (serogroups 1 through 4) nor by the presence of rheumatoid factor or heat-labile serum factors. PMID- 7007418 TI - Rapid screening for bacteriuria by light scatter photometry (Autobac): a collaborative study. AB - A total of 2,720 urine specimens from three laboratories were evaluated by Autobac (Pfizer Diagnostics) and were compared with simultaneous colony counts for evidence of bacteriuria. Of 599 specimens with a colony count of greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml, 93.8% were detected within 6 h. This detection rate increased to 97% of 447 positive urine specimens when only specimens from patients not on antimicrobials were evaluated. The majority (77.9%) of positive specimens were detected as early as 3 h. Those specimens with greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml, which were negative by Autobac at 6 h, included organisms which are frequently considered to be contaminants (diphtheroids, lactobacilli, alpha and gamma streptococci, yeasts, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), or were from patients who were being treated with antimicrobial agents. Of 2,121 urine specimens with colony counts of less than 10(5), 98.1% were correctly determined to be negative by Autobac at 3 h. This percentage decreased to 86.0 at 6 h. The majority of these false-positive specimens were those with colony counts of 10(4) to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. There appeared to be no major difference in results from the three laboratories or among the four lots of broth used in this study. PMID- 7007419 TI - Accurate automated identification of selected Enterobacteriaceae at four hours. AB - The Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card of the AutoMicrobic system Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) provides completely automated identification of members of this family within an 8-h test period. Identification of 776 clinical and stock isolates to species level by the Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card under routine operating conditions correlated at 96% with our present 18- to 24-h methods of identification. Further, utilizing a special program, we investigated presumptive identification of certain organisms within 4-h--an interval that provides greater practical clinical usefulness on a real-time rapid basis. In a single year, 1978, 97% of 23,464 Enterobacteriaceae isolated in our diagnostic laboratory belonged to 11 species of six genera. Our results suggest that, by limiting the number of the identified Enterobacteriaceae that could be actually presumptively reported to those 11 species of six genera. Our results suggest that, by limiting the number of the identified Enterobacteriaceae that could be actually presumptively reported to those 11 species with the highest frequency of occurrence, we could have correctly identified and presumptively reported 83% of these to genus or species after only 4 h. Approximately 2% of the isolates would have been presumptively identified and reported incorrectly, whereas the identification of the remaining 15% would not have been reported before the completed 8-h incubation period. PMID- 7007420 TI - Variable assimilation of carbon compounds by Candida albicans. AB - A total of 215 typical strains of Candida albicans were studied for their ability to assimilate 11 carbon compounds. All isolates assimilated lactic acid, ribitol, succinic acid, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. None of the isolates assimilated cellobiose and salicin; 1.9% of the isolates assimilated L-arabinose. Citric acid, glycerol, and L-sorbose were assimilated by greater than 97% of the isolates, whereas melezitose was assimilated by 81% of the isolates. Assimilation results depended on duration of incubation, temperature, and methodology. PMID- 7007422 TI - Toxin detection after storage or cultivation of enterotoxigenic with colicinogenic Escherichia coli: a possible mechanism for toxin-negative pools. AB - Of 100 non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea in Bangkok, Thailand, 24 were found to produce colicin(s). Of these, 87% were active against one or more enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from the same population. Storage of nine enterotoxigenic E. coli with known inhibitory colicin producing E. coli in different proportions caused 51 of 96 pools to become negative in the suckling mouse assay (heat-stable toxin) and 17 of 52 to become negative in the Y-1 adrenal cell assay (heat-labile toxin). Cocultivation of the same strains, without prior storage, caused 12 of 96 pools to become negative for heat-stable toxin and 1 of 52 pools to become negative for heat-labile toxin. Storage or cultivation of E. coli in pools may cause negative results in the suckling mouse and Y-1 adrenal cell assays if any of the isolates in the pool produces colicin(s). PMID- 7007421 TI - Hemolysin and K antigens in relation to serotype and hemagglutination type of Escherichia coli isolated from extraintestinal infections. AB - Escherichia coli isolated from cases of bacteremia and from a variety of urinary tract infections were characterized according to serotype (O:H antigenicity), K type (possession of K1, K2, K3, K12, or K13), hemagglutination (HA) type, and production of beta-hemolysin. Results obtained with the bacteremia and urinary tract infection isolates were similar except for more hemolytic isolated from urine than from blood (42 versus 29%) and more K1+ isolates from blood than from urine (50 versus 29%). A close correlation was found between Ha type VI (production of fimbriae which mediate mannose-resistant HA of human and African green monkey erythrocytes) and the production of hemolysin or K1 capsular antigen or both. Most (95 of 98, or 95%) of the HA type VI+ blood isolates and most (146 of 164, or 89%) of the HA type VI+ urine isolates produced hemolysin or K1 or both, in contrast to 22 and 26%, respectively, of those belonging to HA types other than HA type VI. Also, 76% of all hemolytic and 70% of all K1+ isolates belonged to HA type VI. Remarkably few of the HA type VI+ isolates (13%) and even fewer of the HA type VI- isolates (3%) produced both K1 and hemolysin; these belonged mainly to serotypes O16:H6, O18:H7 and O2:H4. Other major serogroups were usually K1+/hemolysin- (O1, O7) or K1-/hemolysin+ (O2, O4, O6). At least 74% (262 of 351) and possibly as many as 83% (293 of 351) of those isolates which produced mannose-resistant HA of human erythrocytes were classified as HA type VI+; 31 isolates produced mannose-resistant HA with all erythrocytes tested. Taking serogroup and serotype into consideration, we conclude that the E. coli fimbrial hemagglutinin(s) responsible for the HA type VI phenotype will prove to be the same as the virulence-associated mannose-resistant adhesins of uropathogenic E. coli which other investigators have characterized as unique fimbrial antigens detectable by mannose-resistant HA of human erythrocytes. PMID- 7007424 TI - Comparison of three techniques for isolation of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi from contaminated sources. AB - Inoculation of a liquid medium comprised of Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems), cycloheximide, nalidixic acid, penicillin, and potassium tellurite and subcultured onto M3 medium plus potassium tellurite was highly successful for the isolation of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi from soil. PMID- 7007423 TI - Correlation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia with complement component titers in rural Nigerian school children. AB - The relationship between Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and the complement components C3, C4, and C3b was investigated in 141 ambulant rural Nigerian school children. Three groups were studied. Group 1 included 42 children with circulating P. falciparum gametocytemia in which the mean titers of C3, C4, and C3b were 145.4 +/- 22.6 mg/100 ml (72%), 60.5 +/- 0.2 mg/100 ml (149%), and 64.0 +/- 5.9 mg/liter (65%), respectively. These findings indicated marked C3b hypocomplementemia. Group 2 included 50 children who were used as controls and lacked malaria parasitemia. C3, C4, and C3b mean titers were 161.6 +/- 28.9 mg/100 ml (80%), 56.8 +/- 2.07 mg/100 ml (140%), and 84.8 +/- 11.4 mg/liter (86%), respectively. Group 3 included 49 children with other blood stages of P. falciparum parasitemia but no gametocytes. C3, C4, and C3b mean titers in this group were 103.0 mg/100 ml (51%), 18.3 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml (45%), and 90.7 mg/liter (92%), respectively. Our findings suggest that C3b hypocomplementemia may be related to the advent of circulating P. falciparum gametocytes in children. We also confirmed C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia in acute human malaria. The implication of our findings in relation to neat in vitro culture of P. falciparum gametocytes or total inhibition of gametocytogenesis in malaria control is still speculative. PMID- 7007426 TI - Exflagellation of malarial parasites in human peripheral blood. AB - Exflagellation of microgametocytes in malarial parasites is associated with the life cycle in the mosquito. However, it is not found with the usual developmental phases in humans. This report describes two case reports where exflagellation of microgametocytes was observed in vitro in patients documented to have Plasmodium vivax malaria. PMID- 7007425 TI - Iodometric spot test for detection of beta-lactamase in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A simple iodometric spot test for detecting beta-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae was compared with the capillary procedure for detecting beta-lactamase and the Bauer-Kirby disk susceptibility procedure. Isolates were classified similarly by all three procedures. PMID- 7007427 TI - Naturally acquired rabies in an eastern wood rat (Neotoma floridana). AB - Rabies in an eastern wood rat was detected by fluorescent antibody testing and mouse inoculation. The results were independently confirmed. PMID- 7007430 TI - Evaluation of the repliscan system for Enterobacteriaceae identification. AB - A total of 1,013 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified in parallel by the Repliscan (Cathra International, Ontario, Canada) and API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) systems. There was a 62% agreement at the genus level between the two systems. Of the 38% discrepant results, Repliscan classified 22% as "biochemical pattern not on file," 8% as a multiple-genus group which included the API 20E identification, and 8% as a genus other than that designated by API 20E. Relative to the various genera, Repliscan agreed with API 20E as follows: Escherichia coli, 80%; Klebsiella spp., 76%; Citrobacter spp., 75%; Proteus spp., 69%; Providencia spp., 54%; Serratia spp., 49%; Enterobacter spp., 25%; Shigella spp., 4%; and Salmonella spp., 0%. Repliscan identified 35% of Enterobacter spp. isolates as Citrobacter spp., 91% of Shigella spp. isolates as a multiple-choice genus group, and 67% of Salmonella spp. isolates as "biochemical pattern not on file." Repliscan agreed with API 20E at the species level as follows: E. coli, 80%; Klebsiella spp., 56%; Citrobacter spp., 66%; Proteus spp., 55%; Providencia spp., 46%; Serratia spp., 39%; Enterobacter spp., 18%; Shigella spp., 4%; and Salmonella spp., 0%. These findings indicate that the Repliscan system in its present stage of development does not reliably identify the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7007429 TI - Properties of binding of Escherichia coli endotoxin to various matrices. AB - Binding of Escherichia coli O127:B8 endotoxin to a variety of resins and column materials was investigated by measuring the beta-hydroxy myristic acid content (a major component of the lipid A moiety) of endotoxin after hydrolysis by selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. More than 80% of the endotoxin was bound to hydroxylapatite, polystyrene, Dowex 1-X2, and charcoal. The binding of endotoxin to these materials was markedly reduced by the addition of normal or delipidated serum. Phenyl- and octyl-Sepharose bound 56 and 50% of the endotoxin from saline solutions, respectively. Their percent binding was increased significantly in 1 M ammonium sulfate solutions, indicating hydrophobic interactions between endotoxin and phenyl- and octyl-Sepharose. Only 5% of the endotoxin was bound to plastic polymer PSI-HAP-100 beads, and no binding was observed with concanavalin A- and heparin-Sepharose. Study of the in vitro binding of endotoxin to the above material in the presence of serum suggests that the use of these materials in removing circulating endotoxin in vivo is limited. PMID- 7007428 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody-coated bacteria. AB - To quantitatively evaluate factors potentially affecting antibody coating of bacteria in urine, we developed an assay with enzyme-linked rather than fluorescein-conjugated immunoglobulin. Using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in an in vitro system in which concentrations of serotype O44 Escherichia coli and antibody titer to E. coli Orr O44 O antigen were known, we compared specimens run in parallel with a fluorescent antibody (FA) assay. At greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria per ml, antibody titer to homologous O antigen correlated directly with absorbance in the EIA. Both tests had sensitivities exceeding 95% in specimens containing greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria per ml, but the FA test detected 23 of 27 positive specimens with less than 10(5) bacteria per ml compared with 21 of 43 detected by EIA (P = 0.002). However, nonspecific fluorescence caused false positives in 8% of negative tests run by FA compared with 1% of simultaneous EIA tests (P = 0.05). pH alterations and pretreatment of bacteria with antibiotics did not affect either test. Heterologous E. coli strains showed no cross-reactivity with O44 antiserum, but all Staphylococcus aureus isolates tested caused false positives in both assays, and one Klebsiella strain repeatedly caused a false-positive FA assay. The EIA appears to be a simple, quantitative, and specific technique for detection of antibody-coated bacteria in this experimental system. PMID- 7007431 TI - Analysis of tests used to differentiate Trichophyton rubrum from Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - Differential identification of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was evaluated by using the standard in vitro hair perforation test as a criterion for identification and comparing its effectiveness with that of nine other tests used to differentiate these two taxa. Correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that no single test or combination of these tests was able to make the differentiation as effectively as the standard in vitro hair perforation test. Using relative error analysis, we suggest an identification scheme based upon selective utilization of potato-carrot agar for sporulation and the standard in vitro hair perforation test. Using potato-carrot agar for development of typical microconidia on each of the nonsporulating primary isolates and subsequently performing the standard in vitro hair perforation test only on those isolates that failed to produce spores on potato-carrot medium, we showed that this combination scheme provides more expedient results, without any sacrifice in reliability, than the standard in vitro hair perforation test alone. PMID- 7007432 TI - Detection of bacteriuria: manual screening test and early examination of agar plates. AB - We assessed two procedures for the initial processing of urine specimens: (i) manual screening of urine samples by inoculation into tryptic soy broth and incubation for 3 to 6 h, and (ii) examination of agar plates inoculated with urine and incubated for 4 to 6 h. Of the urine samples with greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml, 73.6 and 90.1% were detected with the broth cultures after 3 and 6 h of incubation, respectively. The organisms not detected at 6 h were Corynebacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and one of six isolates of yeasts. When inoculated plates were examined for growth, 53.3 and 80.0% of the specimens with greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml were detected after 4 and 6 h of incubation, respectively. Of the cultures with significant growth of Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp., 95% were detected on the plates after 6 h of incubation. PMID- 7007433 TI - Carbohydrate fingerprints of streptococcal cells. AB - The carbohydrates of whole cells of group A, B, C, D, F, and G streptococci were analyzed with a highly sensitive gas chromatographic procedure. Characteristic chromatographic fingerprints were obtained for each group of streptococci grown in broth cultures or as single colonies on a blood agar plate. Rhamnose, glucose, and N-acetylglucosamine were major components of all the groups. Groups A, C, and F contained very little galactose, and groups A and B showed almost a complete absence of N-acetylgalactosamine. Chromatograms obtained for group B streptococci were distinguished by the presence of 1,4-anhydroglucitol. PMID- 7007434 TI - Rapid, reproducible enzyme immunoassay for tobramycin. AB - An enzyme immunoassay for tobramycin utilizing glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was compared with the radioimmunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay for tobramycin was accurate, specific, and easily performed. It offers an alternative method for assaying aminoglycosides and could be used in institutions that use the enzyme immunoassay to assay other drugs. PMID- 7007435 TI - Cytotoxic antibodies to cloned rat islet cells in serum of patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - We have found complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the serum of 8 of 24 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using a 51Cr cytotoxicity assay with monolayers of cloned rat islet cells (clones RINm 5F and RINm 14B). In contrast, complement-dependent cytotoxicity with 51Cr release greater than 24% was found with sera from 34 controls or from 5 patients with polyglandular failure without diabetes, and was present in only 1 serum our of 12 from patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of antibodies appears to decrease with duration of insulin-dependent diabetes, and in one patient studied, cytotoxic antibodies were present at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. Cytotoxicity is independent of insulin synthesis, as evidenced by the linear correlation of cytotoxicity of sera for the insulin-producing clone RINm 5F and the somatostatin-producing clone RINm 14B. The present study identifies nonspecies-specific cytotoxic antibodies in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus, and the assay used should facilitate studies of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7007436 TI - Treatment of acute low pressure pulmonary edema in dogs: relative effects of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure, nitroprusside, and positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Severe pulmonary edema sometimes develops despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw). The equation describing net transvascular flux of lung liquid predicts decreased edema when hydrostatic pressure is reduced or when colloid osmotic pressure is increased in the pulmonary vessels. We tested these predictions in a model of pulmonary capillary leak produced in 35 dogs by intravenous oleic acid. 1 h later, the dogs were divided into five equal groups and treated for 4 h in different ways: (a) not treated, to serve as the control group (Ppw = 11.1 mm Hg); (b) given albumin to increase colloid osmotic pressure by 5 mm Hg (Ppw = 10.6 mm Hg); (c) ventilated with 10 cm H(2)O positive end expiratory pressure (Peep) (transmural Ppw = 10.4 mm Hg); (d) phlebotomized to reduce Ppw to 6 mm Hg; (e) infused with nitroprusside, which also reduced Ppw to 6 mm Hg. Phlebotomy and nitroprusside reduced the edema in excised lungs by 50% (P< 0.001), but Peep and albumin did not affect the edema. Pulmonary shunt decreased on Peep and increased on nitroprusside, and lung compliance was not different among the treatment groups, demonstrating that these variables are poor indicators of changes in edema. Cardiac output decreased during the treatment period in all but the nitroprusside group, where Ppw decreased and cardiac output did not. We conclude that canine oleic acid pulmonary edema is reduced by small reductions in hydrostatic pressure, but not by increased colloid osmotic pressure, because the vascular permeability to liquid and protein is increased. These results suggest that low pressure pulmonary edema may be reduced by seeking the lowest Ppw consistent with adequate cardiac output enhanced by vasoactive agents like nitroprusside. Further, colloid infusions and Peep are not helpful in reducing edema, so they may be used in the lowest amount that provides adequate circulating volume and arterial O(2) saturation on nontoxic inspired O(2). Until these therapeutic principles receive adequate clinical trial, they provide a rationale for carefully monitored cardiovascular manipulation in treating patients with pulmonary capillary leak. PMID- 7007438 TI - Enhanced platelet accumulation onto injured carotid arteries in rabbits after aspirin treatment. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation, but its role in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis is uncertain. We have studied the thrombogenic effect of inhibiting PGI2 production by aspirin (ASA) in carotid arteries of rabbits given 0, 3, 10, or 100 mg ASA/kg either 1, 3, 6, or 20 h beforehand. Platelet accumulation onto injured carotid arteries was enhanced with ASA in a dose of 10 mg/kg. A higher dose of ASA (100 mg/kg) had no further effect. The enhanced thrombogenic effect of ASA persisted for at least 20 h and was associated with a decrease in vessel wall PGI2 production. There was a strong inverse correlation (r = 0.55, P less than 0.01) between PGI2 production and platelet accumulation. The findings suggest that the margin of safety in obtaining an antithrombotic effect of ASA and producing a potential thrombotic effect in arteries may not be as large as predicted by studies using cultured endothelial cells or experimentally induced thrombosis in veins. PMID- 7007437 TI - Metabolism of parathyroid hormone by isolated rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. AB - Data from several laboratories indicate that hepatic mechanisms may have a distinctive role in the metabolism of intact hormone after secretion, a process that accounts, at least partly, for the heterogeneity of circulating parathyroid hormone. Accordingly, we studied the proteolysis of intact hormone by isolated rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Kupffer cells (10(6) cells/ml) and hepatocytes (10(7) cells/ml) were incubated with unlabeled and (125)I-labeled bovine parathyroid hormone at 37 degrees C for periods ranging up to 2 h. When incubated with Kupffer cells, intact hormone disappeared with a t((1/2)) of 12+/-4 min. Radio-immunoassays using sequence-specific antisera showed that the dominant hormonal fragments recovered in the medium have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 6,000, lack amino-terminal antigenic determinants, and react in assays that specifically recognize determinants in the carboxy-terminal portion of the intact hormone. Amino-terminal fragments also were detected in high concentrations, particularly after short incubation periods. Radioiodinated fragments resulting from incubation of (125)I-labeled bovine parathyroid hormone with Kupffer cells had the same apparent size as fragments derived from the metabolism of unlabeled, intact hormone; when analyzed by Edman degradation, positions 34 and 37 of the intact hormone sequence were the amino-terminal amino acids of these dominant carboxy-terminal fragments. Hepatocytes did not hydrolyze the hormone. Thus, metabolism of parathyroid hormone by Kupffer cells results in the appearance of fragments in the media that are immunochemically indistinguishable from, and chemically identical with, those found in plasma when intact hormone is injected intravenously. This indicates that the proteolysis observed in vitro accurately reflects the metabolism of the hormone in vivo. The detection of amino-terminal fragments in concentrations nearly equal to those of carboxy-terminal fragments indicates that cleavage of intact hormone is, initially, by an endopeptidase(s). Kupffer cells may be a source from which specific protease(s) that hydrolyze parathyroid hormone can be characterized, particularly in terms of enzymic specificity and requirements for inhibition. Detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular events during incubation of parathyroid hormone with these cells may help to clarify the biologic significance of the peripheral metabolism of the hormone. PMID- 7007439 TI - Bradykinin production and increased pulmonary endothelial permeability during acute respiratory failure in unanesthetized sheep. AB - To investigate mechanisms of pulmonary edema in respiratory failure, we studied unanesthetized sheep with vascular catheters, pleural balloons, and chronic lung lymph fistulas. Animals breathed either a hypercapnic-enriched oxygen (n = 5) or a hypercapnic-hypoxic (n = 5) gas mixture for 2 h. Every 15 min blood gases, pressures, cardiac output, lymph flow (Qlym), plasma and lymph albumin (mol wt, 70,000), IgG (mol wt, 150,000), IgM (mol wt, 900,000), and blood bradykinin concentrations were determined. In both groups, cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressures increased, whereas left atrial pressures were unchanged. Acidosis alone (arterial pH = 7.16, PaCO(2) = 81 mm Hg, PaO(2) = 250 mm Hg) resulted in a doubling of lymph flow, a small increase in protein flux, and a decrease in lymph to plasma protein concentration (L/P) ratio for all three proteins. Acidotic-hypoxic animals (arterial pH = 7.16, PaCO(2) = 84 mm Hg, PaO(2) = 48 mm Hg) tripled Qlym. In these animals the increase in lymphatic flux of albumin, IgG, and IgM was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that seen in either the acidosis alone group or in animals where left atrial pressures were elevated (n = 5; P < 0.05). Also, their percent increase in flux of the large protein (IgM) was greater than for the small protein (albumin) (P < 0.05). With acidosis alone, only pulmonary arterial bradykinin concentration increased (1.27+/-0.25 ng/ml SE), whereas acidosis plus hypoxia elevated both pulmonary arterial bradykinin concentrations (4.83+/-1.14 ng/ml) and aortic bradykinin concentration (2.74+/-0.78 ng/ml). These studies demonstrate that hypercapnic acidosis stimulates in vivo production of bradykinin. With superimposed hypoxia, and therefore decreased bradykinin degradation, there is an associated sustained rise in Qlym with increased lung permeability to proteins. PMID- 7007440 TI - Insulin resistance in uremia. AB - Tissue sensitivity to insulin was examined with the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 17 chronically uremic and 36 control subjects. The plasma insulin concentration was raised by approximately 100 microU/ml and the plasma glucose concentration was maintained at the basal level with a variable glucose infusion. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate is a measure of the amount of glucose taken up by the entire body. In uremic subjects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was reduced by 47% compared with controls (3.71 +/- 0.20 vs. 7.38 +/- 0.26 mg/kg . min; P less than 0.001). Basal hepatic glucose production (measured with [3H]-3-glucose) was normal in uremic subjects (2.17 +/- 0.04 mg/kg . min) and suppressed normally by 94 +/- 2% following insulin administration. In six uremic and six control subjects, net splanchnic glucose balance was also measured directly by the hepatic venous catheterization technique. In the postabsorptive state splanchnic glucose production was similar in uremics (1.57 +/- 0.03 mg/kg . min) and controls (1.79 +/- 0.20 mg/kg . min). After 90 min of sustained hyperinsulinemia, splanchnic glucose balance reverted to a net uptake which was similar in uremics (0.42 +/- 0.11 mg/kg . min) and controls (0.53 +/- 0.12 mg/kg . min). In contrast, glucose uptake by the leg was reduced by 60% in the uremic group (21 +/- 1 vs. 52 +/- 8 mumol/min . kg of leg wt; P less than 0.005) and this decrease closely paralleled the decrease in total glucose metabolism by the entire body. These results indicate that: (a) suppression of hepatic glucose production by physiologic hyperinsulinemia is not impaired by uremia, (b) insulin-mediated glucose uptake by the liver is normal in uremic subjects, and (c) tissue insensitivity to insulin is the primary cause of insulin resistance in uremia. PMID- 7007441 TI - Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions on endothelial monolayers grown on micropore filters. AB - We have developed a technique for growing endothelial monolayers on micropore filters. These monolayers demonstrate confluence by phase and electron microscopy and provide a functional barrier to passage of radiolabeled albumin. Neutrophils readily penetrate the monolayer in response to chemotaxin, whereas there is little movement in the absence of chemotaxin. This system offers unique advantages over available chemotaxis assays and may have wider applications in the study of endothelial function. PMID- 7007442 TI - Influence of clearing agent on immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue. PMID- 7007444 TI - Activation of complement by renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - In a study of complement activation by renal tissues, renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. These specimens were incubated with freshly frozen guinea-pig serum, and the activation of guinea-pig complement systems was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining with FITC-conjugated anti-guinea-pig complement antisera. It was shown that the alternative pathway of the complement was activated in situ in renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy. it is suggested that analysis of in situ activation of complement in such patients is useful for elucidating the mechanism of complement activation in various glomerular diseases. PMID- 7007443 TI - Circulating lysosomal enzymes and acute hepatic necrosis. AB - The activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid and neutral protease, N acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase were measured in the serum of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Acid protease (cathepsin D) activity was increased about tenfold in patients who died and nearly fourfold in those who survived fulminant hepatic failure after paracetamol overdose, whereas activities were increased equally in patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis whether or not they survived. A correlation was found between serum acid protease activity and prothrombin time, and the increase in cathepsin D activity was sustained over several days compared with aspartate aminotransferase, which showed a sharp early peak and then a fall. Circulating lysosomal proteases can damage other organs, and measurement of their activity may therefore be of added value in assessing prognosis in this condition. PMID- 7007445 TI - The cryopreservation of standard sera. AB - To determine the storage temperature needed for the preservation of standard sera for serodiagnostic tests, groups of sera were tested before and after storage at 70 degrees C and -20 degrees C for periods of up to five years. The temperature required depended on the nature of the test, but no definite advantage was found in storage at -70 degrees C. For complement fixation this temperature was inadequate and greatly inferior to liquid nitrogen. For immunofluorescence it had no apparent advantage over a temperature of -20 degrees C, and for some other tests it was no more than marginally superior. PMID- 7007446 TI - Primary carrier sites of group B streptococci in pregnant women correlated with serotype distributions and maternal parity. AB - Perianal, perineal, vulval, and vaginal swabs from women attending an antenatal clinic were quantitatively cultured for group B streptococci using Islam's medium. The isolation rates from the four sites were very similar with an overall carriage rate of 21%. The findings suggest that the type II strains, a faecal flora, probably colonise the perianal site from a faecal source, and that the type III strains colonise primarily the genital site and then spread to the perineoperianal region. The type I strains did not conform to any pattern, suggesting a possible secondary involvement of these sites from another source. The types I, R, X, and non-typable isolates were almost exclusively isolated from primigravidae and second gravidae; the type III strains were conspicuously absent in 47 primigravidae. The primigravidae and second gravidae women consistently had high colony counts. PMID- 7007447 TI - Microbial flora of the lower genital tract of women in labour in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Nine genera of microbes isolated from the lower genital tract of 187 women in labour in Zaria have been identified. The work was undertaken to establish the nature of microorganisms in the lower genital tract of women in labour as a basis for further study. The isolates in order of prevalence were: Candida albicans (20.9%), Klebsiella sp (15.0%), Escherichia coli (9.1%), Streptococcus faecalis (6.4%), haemolytic streptococci (other than Streptococcus pyogenes (2.7%), Streptococcus viridans (2.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.1%), Aeromonas hydrophila (2.1%), Proteus mirabilis (1.1%), Peptostreptococcus putridus (1.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes (0.5%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.5%). Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus sp, Lactobacillus sp, and Clostridium sp were sought but not found. Chlamydia, viruses, and T-strains of mycoplasma and trichomonas were not sought. It appears from this study that the lower genital tract of most women in Zaria at the time of labour is heavily colonised by pathogens. For this reason alone prolonged labour and trauma to the genital tract at the time of delivery should be avoided. PMID- 7007448 TI - Source of group B streptococci in the female genital tract. AB - Swabs were taken from the posterior fornix, perineum, and anorectum of 135 patients on three occasions during their pregnancy. Multiple isolates of beta haemolytic streptococci of group B were obtained from 24 women, in 21 of whom the strains were examined by a highly discriminative serotyping and phage typing method. In 18 of these patients their own isolates were indistinguishable but different from those of other women with multiple isolates. Women yielding group B streptococci from the posterior fornix usually carried an indistinguishable strain in the anorectum. PMID- 7007450 TI - Update on plaque and periodontal disease. AB - The relationship between plaque and inflammatory periodontal disease is complex, and requires extensive and often abstruse research. One unfortunate consequence is that much relevant information concerning this relationship is not readily available to those most concerned with the prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease. The present review is concerned with some relevant developments in recent plaque research. PMID- 7007451 TI - Effects of a zinc citrate mouthwash on dental plaque and salivary bacteria. AB - A double-blind crossover trial was carried out to assess the effect of zinc citrate on plaque accumulation in vivo and to measure total salivary aerobes and anaerobes both during the trial and throughout the day following a single rinse. When compared to the placebo, zinc citrate significantly reduced the plaque accumulation in the subjects. However, the mean reduction was small and of questionable clinical importance. A progressive increase in plaque was observed throughout both active and placebo 7-day rinsing periods. There was no significant reduction in salivary bacterial counts either during the crossover study or during the day following a single rinse with zinc citrate. PMID- 7007449 TI - Comparison of ELISA and RIA for measurement of pneumococcal antibodies before and after vaccination with 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - Antibody responses to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children under school age were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were usually detectable by ELISA in the prevaccination sera, and one or both of them increased as a response to the vaccination. Specific IGA antibodies were detected by ELISA in a part of the post-vaccination sera only. The frequency of the IgA responses increased with the age of the children. The correlation of the ELISA results with RIA was good (r from 0.652 to 0.812) except for type 6A (r = 0.471). PMID- 7007453 TI - Influence of free gingival grafts on the health of the marginal gingiva. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of increasing the width of inadequate attached gingiva on the health of the marginal gingiva, 12 free gingival grafts were performed on 12 patients with less than 1.0 mm of attached gingiva on homologous contralateral pairs of mandibular teeth. A baseline examination, which included measurements of plaque, gingival exudate, sulcus bleeding, sulcus probing depth and width of attached gingiva, was done before surgery. One week after surgery, plaque was eliminated mechanically on the test and control sides. All measurements were repeated 7 and 14 weeks after surgery. During the week following the first postsurgical examination, individual oral hygiene instruction was given until the patient could show plaque-free test and control sites. The width of the attached gingiva increased significantly on the side where the grafting was performed (test side). The only other significant changes observed during the experiment were a decrease of the mid-buccal plaque index on the test side during the first 7 weeks following surgery and a decrease of the buccoproximal plaque index on the test and control sides during the total experimental period (14 weeks). None of the other clinical parameters measured showed significant differences when test and control sites were compared or when the same sites were compared longitudinally. PMID- 7007452 TI - Interrelationship of inflammation and tooth mobility (trauma) in pathogenesis of periodontal disease. AB - A series of studies has investigated interactions between periodontal trauma and marginal periodontitis in relation to the initiation, progression and treatment of periodontal disease. Lesions of trauma in the periodontal ligament consequent to either single or jiggling displacing forces result in morphologic alterations in the ligament and alveolar bone. These changes do not initiate the loss of connective tissue attachment characteristic of marginal periodontitis. Studies conducted in squirrel monkeys and beagle dogs in which jiggling forces have been produced subjacent to an established marginal periodontitis reported increased loss of alveolar bone, but the accelerated loss of attachment which occurred in the dog model did not occur in the monkey model. To clarify the relative importance of inflammation and tooth mobility in the treatment of advanced periodontal disease, periodontal response was evaluated after removing traumatic and/or inflammatory components. Elimination of trauma in the presence of existing marginal inflammation did not reduce tooth mobility or increase bone volume. Osseous regeneration and decreased tooth mobility occurred after resolving both components, however, similar findings occurred after resolving inflammation in the presence of continued tooth mobility. Resolution of marginal inflammation is of prime importance in the management of periodontal disease. After resolution of inflammation, bone regeneration may occur around mobile teeth and, furthermore, any residual tooth mobility does not result in increased loss of connective tissue attachment. PMID- 7007454 TI - Effects of topical and systemic folic acid supplementation on gingivitis in pregnancy. AB - A double-blind study evaluated the effects of systemic and topical folate on gingival inflammation during the fourth and eighth months of pregnancy. Thirty women were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received placebo mouthwash and tablets; Group B; placebo mouthwash and 5 mg folate tablets; Group C: folate mouthwash and placebo tablets. Supplementation lasted for 14 days during months 4 and 8. Subjects took one tablet daily and rinsed twice daily for 1 min with the mouthwash. At the start and finish of each 14-day period, fasting serum and red cell folate levels were estimated and oral status assessed by a plaque index (P1I), a gingival index (GI), and gingival exudate flow meter (GEF). Subjects completed 1-week diet sheets which were analysed for dietary folate. All groups were similar in each parameter at the start. Correlation was demonstrated between GI and P1I, and between GI and GEF. GI tended to increase throughout pregnancy in all groups except Group C, when in the eighth month there was a highly significant improvement (0.001 less than P 0.01) despite no significant change in P1I. Although dietary intake of folate was significantly higher during the eighth month in Group C as compared with Groups A and B, (0.001 less than P less than 0.01), the folate mouthwash produced highly significantly improvement in gingival health in pregnancy. PMID- 7007455 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of the 150K neurofilament protein in the rat and the rabbit. AB - Antisera to the 150K-dalton polypeptide of the bovine neurofilament triplet and chicken neurofilament antisera reacting with the 70K protein in isolated bovine brain filaments stained the same structures in rat cerebellum by immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods, that is Purkinje cell baskets, thin nerve fibers in the lower half of the molecular layer and myelinated axons. The 150K bovine neurofilament antisera did not stain large motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord in rat and rabbit, nor aluminum-induced neurofibrillary tangles in the rabbit. All these structures were demonstrated by the chicken neurofilament antisera and by silver neurofibrillary methods. IDPN-induced axonal balloons containing accumulations of neurofilaments were equally well stained by bovine 150K and chicken neurofilament antisera. These data suggest that the 150K polypeptide of the neurofilament triplet is not a subunit of the neurofilament core and probably plays a role in axonal transport. PMID- 7007457 TI - Early management of severe bilateral cleft lip and palate in an infant. PMID- 7007456 TI - A behavioural approach to the treatment of obsessional rituals: an adolescent case study. PMID- 7007458 TI - Basic techniques and materials for conservative dentistry: I Cavity preparation. PMID- 7007459 TI - A review of the properties of some denture base polymers. PMID- 7007460 TI - Partial denture failures: a long-term clinical survey. PMID- 7007461 TI - Maximum incisal biting force in denture wearers as influenced by adequacy of denture-bearing tissues and the use of an adhesive. AB - Maximum incisal biting force was measured in 21 subjects by gnathodynamometry. Biting force was directly related to the quality of the denture support tissues. Biting force was increased and denture dislodgements reduced, especially in those with unsatisfactory support tissues, by the use of a test adhesive. PMID- 7007462 TI - The necessity for trained advanced dental professionals. AB - The differentiation of the workforce in dentistry is discussed in terms of its history, the development of the specialties, and advanced education. The differentiations in the general practitioner workforce, through general practice residencies and the proposed advanced educational programs in general dentistry, are discussed. The possibility of further differentiation in the workforce by drastic changes in Section 18 of the Principles of Ethics of the American Dental Association (ADA) is analyzed and evaluated. The differentiations in the dental auxiliary workforce are noted and some conclusions and recommendations in all of these areas are presented. PMID- 7007464 TI - On the long-term behavior of grafts of meshed skin. AB - In the past four years, 47 patients in our institution had grafts of meshed skin placed on a variety of defects. Indications, advantages and disadvantages, and postoperative phenomena are presented. Ten cases were available for a follow-up study of one to four years. Subjective complaints in the graft sites; vulnerability of the grafts to ordinary trauma; the patient's opinion of the postoperative condition; visibility of the mesh pattern; level; hyper- or hypopigmentation of the grafted sites; occurrence of hypertrophic scars or keloids; return of sensations (touch, pressure, cold, warmth, and epicritic pain); and thermographic findings in the graft sites were inquired about and judged objectively. PMID- 7007463 TI - Surgical gems. A simplified method for closure of full-thickness skin grafts. PMID- 7007465 TI - Mutagenicity of 2-alkyl-N-nitrosothiazolidines. PMID- 7007466 TI - Mutagenicity of 1,5(or 7)-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-biscyclopentapyrazine obtained from a cyclotene/NH3 browning model system. PMID- 7007469 TI - Metallic foreign body embedded in the cheek for 20 years. AB - The unique tissue response to a knife blade embedded for more than 20 years in the cheek of a patient is discussed. Chronic proliferative inflammation resulted in iron corrosion products that were phagocytized by inflammatory cells. PMID- 7007468 TI - The clinical effectiveness of a colored pit and fissure sealant at 36 months. AB - Clinical trials were conducted on the teeth of 148 children to determine the effectiveness of a clearly visible white pit and fissure sealant. A three-year follow-up study showed a high retention rate for the sealant. PMID- 7007467 TI - Prevention of artifact formation during the analysis of N-nitrosamines in the rumen fluid of cows. PMID- 7007470 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 7007471 TI - A personal history of dental practice: 1920-1980. AB - The progress that has been made in dentistry during the past 60 years is reviewed by Dr. Grossman, who has been a member of the profession since 1923 and whose experience has covered both the purely academic and practical application of current theory. PMID- 7007472 TI - The presidents. Walter Webb Allport, 1886-1887. PMID- 7007475 TI - The early days of postgraduate medical television in London. PMID- 7007473 TI - Pharmacologic prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis: relative efficacy of hydroxyzine and chlorpheniramine. AB - The efficacy of hydroxyzine and chlorpheniramine in preventing exacerbations of ragweed allergic rhinitis was compared in a double-blind, randomized manner. Ninety-five subjects with positive skin tests, a history of two previous symptomatic seasons, and discontinuation of immunotherapy for at least 1 yr received either hydroxyzine 150 mg/day, chlorpheniramine 24 mg/day, or placebo during the 1978 ragweed season. Subjects in the placebo group experienced annoying or disabling sneezing 50% of days during the period of highest pollen counts whereas those in the chlorpheniramine and hydroxyzine groups experienced this symptom with equal severity only 22% and 12% of days, respectively. Suppression of rhinorrhea and itchy nose was similar although less dramatic. Both antihistamines were more effective than placebo in altering conjunctivitis, but neither decreased the frequency or severity of nasal stuffiness. Skin tests to ragweed decreased in diameter during the season by 38%, 13%, and 3% among patients receiving hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, and placebo, respectively. Frequent drowsiness occurred initially in subjects taking both antihistamines but did not persist. Thus, prophylactic antihistamine therapy effectively prevents most symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis without persistent drowsiness. These data further suggest a therapeutic advantage for hydroxyzine over chlorpheniramine in the doses used. PMID- 7007474 TI - Preseasonal intranasal immunotherapy with nebulized short ragweed extract. AB - We determined the effect of preseasonal intranasal short ragweed (SRW) immunotherapy in a double-blind, nonpaired, 20-wk study involving 33 SRW sensitive patients. Patients were selected on the basis of an elevated IGE serum antibody level, a positive intradermal skin test, and a positive intranasal challenge to SRW antigen. SRW-treated patients sprayed SRW solutions intranasally six times a day for 12 wk preseasonally. Placebo-treated patients used nebulized solutions containing buffer or histamine that were interchanged randomly throughout this period. The SRW-treated group reported more preseasonal symptoms than the placebo-treated group (p less than 0.003); however, during the SRW pollination season, the SRW-treated group reported significantly less sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, red/itchy eyes, itchy nose/throat, and cough/wheeze. Supplemental antihistamine usage was similar in both groups. The treatment did not affect serum IgE antibody levels to crude SRW, AgE Ra3, or Ra5 in either group at any time during the study. No significant production of IgG antibody to SRW was seen in either group. One SRW-treated patient developed acute sinusitis after 2 wk of treatment; otherwise no side effects other than symptoms of hay fever were noted. Although intranasal SRW immunotherapy may offer an effective and less costly alternative to parenteral immunotherapy, reduction in hay fever symptoms during the pollination season was achieved at the expense of provoking these symptoms during the preceding weeks. PMID- 7007476 TI - ["Serratia marcescens" in neonatology: epidemiology of a hazard (author's transl)]. AB - A case of meningitis, caused by Serratia marcescens in a 6-day old newborn triggered a search for Serratia in the Neonatology ward. Fifteen out of 38 newborns were found fecal carriers of S. marcescens. The source of S. marcescens was found in flasks containing almond oil with 1% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide used for skin care. All strain of S. marcescens belonged to pigmented biotype A6a and serotype 014 : H10. The spread of S. marcescens was controlled by heat sterilizing and renewing twice a week the almond oil flasks. Means of control of contamination sources are discussed. PMID- 7007477 TI - [Hydramnios as evidence of Steinert's congenital myotonic distrophy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a case of Steinert's disease. It was tracked down because of three anomalies of pregnancy: a lessening in active movements of the fetus, breech presentation and hydramnios, and it was diagnosed by neurological and electromyography of the mother. The existence of hydramnios should make it possible to avoid maternal trauma during the delivery, knowing that the child will be born with a very severe form of the illness, which is likely to be lethal. Those few cases that survive are severely mentally handicapped. PMID- 7007479 TI - Note on Eugenio Rignano as a forerunner of the "new look" theory of visual perception. AB - This note examines the theoretical study of perception presented by Eugenio Rignano, the Italian philosopher and editor of Scientia. Rignano's theory, which is structured around the concept of "affective tendency," is seen as a forerunner to the "New Look" theory of perception presented by Gardner Murphy. It is concluded that the case of Rignano and Murphy is another example strengthening Henle's thesis that the study of the history of psychology can help to avoid the conceptual errors of a previously stated theory. PMID- 7007480 TI - A note on the influence of F. M. Alexander on the development of Gestalt therapy. PMID- 7007478 TI - [Cerclage and infection. Clinical and therapeutic study (author's transl)]. AB - The authors compared the evolution of the pregnancy, of the labour and of the post-partum period in 75 patients who had cerclage for cervico-isthmial incompetence and in 68 mothers who had no pathology in the cervix (the control group). A state of infection developed more often in the mother and in the fetus and/or the newborn in the group that had cerclage than in the control group. The perinatal death of 7 infants in the group that had cerclage, of which 5 were due to infection, is to be deplored. The only perinatal death in the control group was due to an infection. PMID- 7007482 TI - Obituary, Rowdon Marrian Fry 1896--1980. PMID- 7007481 TI - Freud and hypnosis: report of post-rejection use. AB - The development of hypnosis as a therapeutic and experimental method was significantly influenced by Sigmund Freud's announced rejection of the technique late in the nineteenth century; however, a Hungarian-born hypnotist, Franz Polgar, related in his little-known autobiography that he served as Freud's assistant for six months in 1924. Possible factors related to this seeming paradox are discussed, including the evidence that many of Freud's psychoanalytic colleagues were then actively interested in hypnosis and the negative value associated with the modality had been lifted during the time when Polgar reported that Freud himself was utilizing the method. This is a historically important account of the interface between two prominent therapeutic techniques. PMID- 7007483 TI - Investigation into an outbreak of food poisoning. AB - During an outbreak of food poisoning at a church camp, 16 of the 25 people attending were affected. Despite a thorough search for a bacterial pathogen none was identified. An examination of the Escherichia coli serotypes present suggest that E. coli O159. H9 may have been the organism causing the outbreak. PMID- 7007484 TI - Streptococcal infection in a Junior Detention Centre: a five-year study. AB - In 1972 more than 20% of boys admitted to a closed community (Junior Detention Centre) developed acute tonsillitis and group-A streptococci were isolated from more than 40% of all boys at some time during their stay of two months. The most common serotype was M-type 5, which has frequently been associated with rheumatic fever in other epidemics; four cases of rheumatic fever occurred between 1972 and 1977. Various methods were tried to eliminate the infection, but only full penicillin prophylaxis (0.25 g oral penicillin 4 times a day for 10 days) to all boys on entry appeared to be effective. In a sample of cases of acute tonsillitis, group-A haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 31.7% by the use of dry swabs or unenriched transport medium, but with enrichment medium duplicate swabs, 77.6% yielded positive results. We question the current practice in some laboratories of reporting positive cultures only when more than ten colonies of beta-haemolytic streptococci are present. In this survey viruses did not appear to be an important cause of acute tonsillitis. High titres of streptococcal antibodies (antistreptolysin O, anti-desoxyribonuclease B and anti-M associated protein) were found, not only in cases and carriers, but in boys on entry to the centre. This supports epidemiological evidence that adolescent boys are particularly prone to streptococcal throat infections. PMID- 7007485 TI - Bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli by milk. V. The bacteriostatic properties of milk of West African mothers in the Gambia: in-vitro studies. AB - Bacteriostatic activity was measured in 244 specimens of milk collected during 1977 throughout lactation of up to one year from 78 mothers; the activity varied from very good to fair and only seven were inactive. There was a wider range of activity than was found previously in milk from English mothers. Activity usually fell slowly during lactation but some of the Gambian mothers produced milk of very high activity, like that of colostrum into the second week of lactation, and two mothers did so at six and nine months; other mothers produced good-activity milk throughout lactation. The bacteriostatic activity varied little with the season but slight decreases from that expected were found after the high incidence of infant diarrhoea towards the end of the rainy season. The bacteriostatic activity of most of the milk tested could be prevented by iron salts but that of colostrum and some of the milks with high activity could not. Only these highly active colostra and milks were inhibitory in vitro when the inoculum was increased from 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per ml. These and less active milks were able to inhibit the smaller, standard inoculum for longer than 3 h with the addition of bicarbonate and extra iron-binding protein at the concentrations likely to be present in vivo. Both commensal and pathogenic E. coli were inhibited to a similar degree by these milks and there was no evidence of serotype specificity. PMID- 7007487 TI - Anthrax. William Smith Greenfield, M.D., F.R.C.P., Professor Superintendent, the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution (1878-81). Concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax. AB - The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that W. S. Greenfield, working at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution in London, prepared an effective vaccine against anthrax and described his results some months before the experiment of Pasteur at Pouilly-le-fort. Partly through lack of financial support and partly due to opposition by the antivivisectionists, Greenfield was forced to confine his experiments to a small number of animals, but his results were nevertheless conclusive. He showed that by continuous subculture in a fluid medium that the anthrax bacillus progressively lost its virulence, until it was harmless even to the most susceptible animal, the mouse. The injection of suitably attenuated organisms into cattle rendered them immune to the subsequent injection of virulent anthrax bacilli. Greenfield's work has been overlooked or neglected, and he has never received the credit due him. It is only fitting that his work should be acknowledged in the centenary of the year in which it was described. The following account is composed primarily of quotations from his published papers. For additional information on Greenfield, reference may be made to the series of papers by Wilson (1979 a, b). It may be pointed out that the method of attenuating the virulence of bacilli recorded by Pasteur in relation to the bacillus of fowl cholera was, like that of anthrax vaccine, anticipated by Greenfield. PMID- 7007486 TI - Bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli by milk. VI. The in-vitro bacteriostatic property of Gambian mothers' breast milk in relation to the in-vivo protection of their infants against diarrhoeal disease. AB - A one-year field-study has been carried out in a diarrhoea-endemic area in West Africa to determine the relationship between the bacteriostatic activity of fresh human milk for Escherichia coli in vitro and freedom from diarrhoea of the infant recipients of the milk. The specific contribution of E. coli gastroenteritis to gastrointestinal diseases of infants in general is not known, nor is its particular role in the Gambian infants studied. During the study period, however, both enteropathogenic and toxigenic strains of E. coli were isolated. The incidence of diarrhoea in Gambian infants of seven age-groups from 2 days to 12 months was not significantly correlated with the bacteriostatic activity of milk. This was due rather to absence of diarrhoea in babies fed on low-activity milk than illness in those receiving highly bacteriostatic milk. Indeed, very active milk appeared to protect recipients almost completely, including seven babies of over 3 months of age, five of them during the rainy season, when the risk was high. Babies receiving lower-activity milk experienced more diarrhoea. In a situation where diarrhoeal disease is multifactorial, field evaluation of the protective action by one antibacterial property of milk is difficult. A better understanding of in vivo protection is important, and the factors which have to be taken into account are discussed. PMID- 7007488 TI - Responses of volunteers to inactivated influenza virus vaccines. AB - Three different types of bivalent influenza virus vaccine, a whole virus, an aqueous-surface-antigen vaccine and an adsorbed-surface-antigen vaccine were tested at three dosage levels in volunteers primed with respect to only one of the haemagglutinin antigens present in the vaccines. The local and systemic reactions to all three vaccine types were mild in nature and, following first immunization, the aqueous-surface-antigen vaccine was the least reactogenic. The serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response to the A/Victoria/75 component of the vaccines to which the volunteer population was primed, was greatest following immunization with the aqueous-surface-antigen vaccine; the greatest antibody response to the A/New Jersey/76 component of the vaccines was observed following immunization with whole virus vaccine. PMID- 7007489 TI - Antigenic scheme for Citrobacter koseri (syn. C. diversus, Levinea malonatica); three new antigens recognized in strains from Israel. AB - An antigenic scheme for Citrobacter koseri was described previously and consisted of 14 'O' antigens. Three additional antigens are now added to the scheme and type strains for these antigens are designated. Their origins and their biochemical and serological reactions are described. PMID- 7007490 TI - Monitoring infectious diseases using routine microbiology data. I. Study of gastroenteritis in an urban area. AB - Sources of information for monitoring infectious disease are routine data, special surveys and ad hoc investigations. In practice much use is necessarily made of routine notifications and laboratory records although this reporting is often incomplete and may therefore be biased. In a retrospective study of a 16 year series (up to 1968) of routine records concerning the diagnosis of gastroenteritis at one Public Health Laboratory we found it possible to identify biases. During school outbreaks of dysentery, laboratory investigation of diarrhoea increased appreciably and such response to publicity affects the use of routine data in surveillance. Although the patients examined were probably representative diagnostically, their selection may not have reflected the age incidence of disease. Valid geographical comparisons within the urban area were not feasible because medical practitioners differed in their use of laboratory facilities and in their habits of notification. Nevertheless, as far as can be established retrospectively, these data did reflect time trends in disease incidence and so had value for monitoring purposes. Several of the biases defined are likely to apply to other sets of routine data. A further communication will describe a statistical method of correcting for quantifiable bias. PMID- 7007492 TI - Evaluation of a portable air purifier. AB - A portable air purifier significantly reduced mal odour in a small room. If the atmosphere was deliberately contaminated with Serratia marcescens the unit rapidly removed this organism. However, if incorrectly sited, the purifier could disperse organisms into the atmosphere. PMID- 7007491 TI - Monitoring infectious diseases using routine microbiology data. II. An example of regression analysis used to study infectious gastroenteritis. AB - Routine data used to study infectious diseases may contain biases which obscure trends. A 16-year series (up to 1968) of routine laboratory data was used to study patterns of incidence of infective gastroenteritis for which no laboratory diagnosis could be made. An artificial pattern was detected. This arose because GPs tended to refer a greater proportion of their patients during dysentery epidemics. Multiple regression analysis was used to separate out this effect so that the underlying trends could be observed. The seasonal pattern of undiagnosed cases showed an autumn peak. There were also early-winter epidemics of disease with little or no excretion of red blood or pus cells in the diagnostic faeces specimen. Some of the winter communicable disease among older children and adults appeared to be associated with signs of a temporary fat malabsorption in pre school age cases. Undiagnosed cases in older children and adults were not related to the E. coli serotypes causing disease in infants during this period. The statistical method applied increased the usefulness of these routine data. Although this series of laboratory records is now more than a decade old the results of the analysis can be compared with new observations as more is learned about the epidemiology of previously unrecognized pathogens, especially rotaviruses. PMID- 7007494 TI - Standardisation in clinical bacteriology comparison of minitek(r) and enterotube(r) with PDR (provisional diagnostic register) and with differential diagnosis for computer storage of antibiotic resistance. PMID- 7007493 TI - Detection of autoplaque-forming cells as a means for characterizing the state of reactivity of the child organism. AB - Counts of plaque-forming cells [PFC] in blood were determined by the method of N. N. Klemparskaya in 181 children aged 1 to 3 years living in an organized community. A raised level of autoantibody-producing cells was detected in 45% of the children. The causes responsible for this enhanced autoimmunization may have been different infectious diseases. On the basis of phenomenon of PFC count increase in the presence of penicillin in specimens in vitro, hypersensitivity to thi antibiotic in the absence of clinical manifestations of allergy was detected in 27% of children. PMID- 7007495 TI - Tuberculosis in wildlife (review). AB - The cases of tuberculosis in wild animals of different systematic groups recorded and published in the world literature since the time of discovery of the agent of tuberculosis have been presented. The epizootiology, routes of dissemination of the infection, clinical manifestations and some other characteristics accounting for the present status of tuberculosis in wild animals have been described. PMID- 7007496 TI - Hair as a biopsy material for the assessment of trace element status in infancy. A review. AB - Results of the studies reviewed suggest that hair represents a promising biopsy material to study trace element redistribution and changes in trace-element status during early infancy. Caution must be exercised in sampling and only proximal, recently-grown hair collected. Appropriate standard washing procedures must also be employed and sensitive analytical techniques used for the determination of hair trace element concentrations. PMID- 7007497 TI - An immunomorphologic study of adenosine deaminase distribution in human thymus tissue, normal lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cell lines. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been detected immunohistochemically in human thymus. The enzyme was localized predominantly in cortical thymocytes. Occasional lymphocytes in the medulla were also positive for ADA. Blood vessels, connective tissue, and Hassall's corpuscles were not stained for the enzyme. Using single cell immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays, we found that thymocytes and lymphoid cells of peripheral blood (PBL) and tonsils were heterogeneous with respect to ADA expression. About 70% of thymocytes were strongly stained for the enzyme whereas weak staining was seen in 20% of cells. About 10% of thymocytes were ADA negative. Twenty percent of PBL and tonsil cells were strongly positive for ADA, 10% of cells were negative for the enzyme, and weak staining was seen in the remainder. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were not stained for ADA. One hundred percent of lymphoblasts of 3 T cells leukemia lines were strongly stained for the enzyme whereas weak staining was seen in a pre-B cell leukemia line, 4 B cell lymphoma/normal lines, 2 non-T, non-B cell leukemia lines and 2 myeloid cell leukemia lines. There was a good correlation between intensity of cellular staining and quantity and activity of ADA detected in cell extracts by radioimmunoassay and enzymatically. The development of immunomorphologic methods for the detection of ADA provides a tool to study the role of the enzyme in function(s) and differentiation of normal and leukemic cells. PMID- 7007498 TI - The ADCC capacity of macrophages from C3H/HeJ and A/J mice can be augmented by BCG. AB - Macrophages elicited from the peritoneal cavity of C3H/HejJ and A/J mice by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), although ineffective in mediating tumor cytotoxicity, had augmented capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against both erythroid and neoplastic target cells. The level of augmented ADCC was comparable to that expressed by BCG-activated macrophages from control C3H/HeN mice. The data suggest that the defective potential for cytolytic activation in 2 genetically deficient strains of inbred mice does not extend to augmentation of capacity for mediating ADCC and that full expression of cytolytic activation is not necessary for expression of augmented cytolysis of antibody-coated targets. PMID- 7007499 TI - Immunogenicity of haptenated schistosomula in vitro. AB - Skin-stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni modified with 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl (TNP) induce primary anti-TNP plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in normal mouse spleen cells in vitro. The PFC are TNP-specific, and the response is dependent on adherent cells and T lymphocytes. In contrast, comparably haptenated lung stage larvae are weakly or nonimmunogenic in this system, and their inability to stimulate anti-TNP PFC cannot be attributed to a toxic or suppressive effect. These observations suggest that maturation of schistosomula in vivo is accompanied by a decline in their immunogenicity, which, along with other adaptive mechanisms, may promote the survival of parasites in the host environment. PMID- 7007501 TI - Expression of endogenous retroviral envelope antigen in Ig(+) B cells of immunized 15I5 X 71 chickens. AB - In a previous study (1), we observed that antigen cross-reactive with structural protein of the endogenous retrovirus RAV-O is expressed in splenic Ig(+) B lymphocytes of immunized 15I5 X 71 chickens. The present experiments were undertaken to determine the relationship of this antigen to viral gag- and env coded antigenic specificities. As analyzed by immunofluorescence with several antisera, group-specific determinants of the gp85 envelope glycoprotein as well as viral-related type E-specific determinants were detectable in islands of Ig(+) splenocytes; antigenic determinants of viral gag protein were not detected in the splenic islands. These observations indicated that antigen cross-reactive with endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein is expressed in Ig(+) B cells. PMID- 7007500 TI - A mechanism of migration inhibition in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. I. Fibrin deposition on the surface of elicited peritoneal macrophages on vivo. PMID- 7007502 TI - Trypanosome variable surface antigens: studies using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Variable surface antigens of cloned populations of African trypanosomes were studied using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. Two dimensional gel maps showed that the only major differences in protein profiles of the non-nuclear materials from different clones of solubilized trypanosomes were attributable to the variable surface antigens and that purification doesn't alter these molecules, at least with respect to charge and apparent m.w. Purified variable surface antigens were used as immunogens and a number of monoclonal antibodies were derived using cell-fusion technology. In radioimmunoassay, each of the monoclonal reagents was shown to be specific for the immunizing antigen, and in immunofluorescence tests using acetone-fixed trypanosomes, each bound specifically to the clone from which the antigens were purified. Only 20% of the monoclonal reagents bound to living trypanosomes, however, providing evidence for both exposed and nonexposed antigenic sites on the variable surface antigens. Those reagents derived to a single antigen bound to different nonoverlapping antigenic sites, which were on the protein portion of the molecules and not the carbohydrate moieties. The data show that monoclonal antibodies are ideal probes for studying localization of antigenic sites on the antigen molecules and for studying antigen synthesis, glycosylation, and architecture in relation to the cell surface. In addition, the finding of exposed and nonexposed antigenic sites on trypanosome variable antigens allows a possible explanation for the role of the antigens in pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7007503 TI - Inhibition of murine plaque-forming cell responses in vivo by ribavirin. AB - The effects of ribavirin, a potent inhibitor of RNA and DNA virus replication, on the generation of primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in vivo has been investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of ribavirin 1 day after immunization of C3H/HeJ mice with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) suppressed splenic IgM and IgG PFC responses by 60 to 90%. Primary IgM PFC responses of C3HeB/FeJ mice to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a T-independent antigen, were also inhibited to a similar extent. Inhibition of splenic PFC responses, without significant reduction in nucleated cell recoveries, was dose dependent between 0.5 and 4 mg ribavirin. Varying the time of treatment determined that optimal inhibitory activity occurred when ribavirin was administered simultaneously or 1 day after antigen. Kinetic analysis of PFC responses in ribavirin-treated mice revealed that suppression did not result from a delay in development since reduced numbers of PFC were found at all times after immunization. Ribavirin treatment after primary sensitization in vivo also impaired the capacity of spleen cells to develop secondary PFC responses in vitro, indicating that ribavirin also inhibited memory cell generation. PMID- 7007505 TI - Evidence for a multistep mechanism of cytolysis by BCG-activated macrophages: the interrelationship between the capacity for cytolysis, target binding, and secretion of cytolytic factor. PMID- 7007506 TI - Lectin immuno tests: quantitation and titration of antigens and antibodies using lectin-antibody conjugates. AB - We have investigated the possibility of using lectin-antibody conjugates as general reagents in immunological procedures requiring a labeled antigen or antibody. Using these conjugates, labeling is achieved through saccharide binding sites of lectins which operate as acceptors for glycoconjugate marker substances added secondarily. Marker substances used in this work were enzymes, radioactively labeled glycoconjugates and erythrocytes, but other markers can also be used. Using the first two markers, antigens and antibodies were determined with accuracy and sensitivity equal to those of conventional enzyme or radioimmunoassays. Using erythrocytes as a marker, a simple erythro-adsorption procedure, possibly followed by hemolysis, has been developed which allowed the titration of antigens and antibodies to be carried out with a sensitivity at least equal to enzyme or radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7007504 TI - Immunologic memory to phosphorylcholine in vitro. I. Asymmetric expression of clonal dominance. PMID- 7007508 TI - Rat brain antigen concentration measured by 14C-labeled immunoprecipitates. AB - Newborn rats were labeled with [14C]glucose during the first 35 days of life. Specific radioactivity was the same in fibrin, hemoglobin and brain proteins. The radioactivity precipitated in specific immunoprecipitates obtained on crossed immunoelectrophoresis with polyspecific antisera was used to calculate the amounts of synaptosomal antigens. Immunoprecipitable D1, D2, and D3 amounted to approximately 3.0%, 2.2% and 2.4% of rat forebrain proteins respectively. PMID- 7007507 TI - Protein A-peroxidase conjugates for two-stage immunoenzyme staining of intracellular antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues. AB - Staphylococcal protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was employed in an indirect immuno-staining technique to identify intracellular antigens in paraffin embedded tissues. The sections were incubated with specific antisera and the antigen-IgG complexes demonstrated with protein A-peroxidase conjugate. Immunoglobulins, lysozyme and insulin were satisfactorily detected by this technique. A comparison of this method with the PAP, "labelled antigen" and peroxidase-labelled antibody sandwich techniques was made. PMID- 7007511 TI - A simplified method for the preparation of EAC14. AB - Sheep erythrocytes (E), sensitized with unheated rabbit antiserum containing IgG antibodies (EA), bound human C4 when heat-inactivated serum was used as the source of complement (EAC). The EA were not agglutinated by antiserum to rabbit C3 and were not lysed in the presence of C4-deficient guinea pig serum. The EAC were agglutinated by antiserum to human C4, lysed by the addition of C4-deficient serum and were reactive in immune adherence. They were not agglutinated by antiserum to human C3. Accordingly, the cells could be designated as EAC14. They were stable and could be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 1 week without haemolysis occurring, and with no loss of reactivity in immune adherence test. E sensitized in the presence of EDTA or with heat-inactivated rabbit serum did not bind C4. PMID- 7007510 TI - A polyethylene glycol-based radioimmunoassay for gastrin. AB - Precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 is a satisfactory technique for "bound from free" separation in gastrin radioimmunoassay (RIA). This reagent, however, cannot be used in stoichiometric invertase-peptide conjugate-based enzyme immunoassays. PMID- 7007509 TI - The use of polyethylene glycol precipitation to detect low-avidity anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - With a recently introduced method for measurement of low-avidity anti-DNA, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assay (Riley et al., 1979), high levels of DNA binding by normal human serum (NHS) were found when circular PM2-DNA was used as antigen. THe nature of this DNA binding was studied. The removal of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the serum, e.g., by Aerosil absorption, eliminated DNA binding by NHS. Purified LDL bound DNA to the same extent as NHS. Non-specific binding of NHS or LDL to DNA was prevented by adding dextran sulphate to the incubation mixture. Analysis on sucrose gradients showed that only large DNA-anti-DNA complexes were precipitated by 3.5% PEG. The PEG assay with dextran sulphate is a sensitive assay for low-avidity anti-DNA antibodies. It adds important information to results obtained with the Farr assay, which mainly detects antibodies of high avidity. PMID- 7007512 TI - A new assay for lytic anti-galactocerebroside (GC) antibodies employing 56Rubidium release from GC-labelled liposomes. AB - This assay is a quick and sensitive method for determination of antibodies to galactocerebroside (GC). The use of antibody-plus-complement radioisotope release from GC-bearing liposomes allows numerous samples to be handled in semi-automated fashion. By substituting alternative gangliosides or cerebrosides, the technique may be simply modified for assay of antibodies to other substances. PMID- 7007513 TI - Rapid preparation of multiple cell samples for immunofluorescence analysis using microtiter plates. AB - A method is described which allows incubation, washing and staining of cells for immunofluorescence analysis to be carried out in microtiter plates. Comparison of this procedure with the conventional protocol, carried out on normal and leukemic human peripheral blood cells, reveals 5 major advantages. (1) Only 2.5 X 10(5) viable cells are needed for testing a particular antiserum. (2) The amount of reagents needed is 1/4 of that used in the conventional method. (3) Damage to cells is reduced to a minimum by shorter processing times and gentler centrifugation steps. (4) A large number of samples can be processed at the same time in an identical and reproducible manner. (5) The cost of an experiment is considerable reduced. PMID- 7007514 TI - New method for production of influenza A virus subtype specific antisera: employment of precipitate obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoretic techniques as antigen. AB - The crossed immunoelectrophoretic technique was employed for the production of subtype-specific influenza A virus antisera. Glycoprotein-containing precipitates were produced by this technique by using detergent solubilized influenza A virus glycoproteins as antigens in the first dimension gel and rabbit antisera against these antigens in the second dimension gel. By cutting these precipitates out of the gel and using them for the immunization of rabbits, antisera were produced which showed the presence of subtype-specific antibodies in haemagglutination inhibition and immunofluorescent antibody tests but no antibodies in neuraminidase inhibition tests. PMID- 7007515 TI - Antibody production by hybridomas. PMID- 7007516 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies in serum free medium. AB - We have succeeded in growing several established hybridoma cell lines (1116NS-19; 116NS-33a; 1116NS-52a; 1083-17-1A; 691-19-19) in a serum free medium supplemented with physiological concentrations of insulin (5 microgram/ml) and transferrin (5 microgram/ml). The hybridoma cells replicate in this medium and will secrete monoclonal antibodies in quantities comparable to those produced in the presence of serum. Adapted hybridoma cultures have been secreting antibodies in the supplemented serum free (SSF) medium for more than 3 months. Parental mouse myeloma P3x63Ag8 cells and non-secreting subclone 653 cells cannot survive longer than 6 days under the same conditions. Both insulin and transferrin are necessary for hybridoma cells to grow in serum free medium and omission of either one will not permit cell multiplication. PMID- 7007518 TI - Normal and psoriatic human skin grafts on "nude" mice: morphological and immunochemical studies. AB - 124 normal and psoriatic human skin grafts were performed on congenitally athymic nude mice. 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after grafting, histological and immunochemical studies (using bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris and anti 67 K keratin polypeptide immune sera) were performed. The preservation of certain immunological identities of grafted skin, at least with regard to intercellular substance and basement membrane, was observed and the keratinization pattern of human epidermis also remained unaltered throughout the post-grafting period. The typical clubbing of rate ridges/acanthosis pattern in psoriatic skin was preserved in 40% of involved psoriatic skin grafts. The possible significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7007517 TI - A rapid method for determining whether monoclonal antibodies react with the same or different antigens on the cell surface. PMID- 7007519 TI - Darier's disease: a partially immunodeficient state. AB - Darier's disease (Keratosis follicularis) a dominantly inherited keratinizing disorder of the skin, is associated with the development of severe, progressive viral and bacterial skin infections. We investigated the possibility that an inadequacy of the immune system might be responsible for this tendency. Seven of our 8 patients with Darier's disease showed complete anergy to common skin test antigens and their peripheral blood lymphocytes failed to produce the lymphokine, leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) in vitro when stimulated with the same antigens. One Darier's patient and 6 controls showed positivity to at least one skin test antigen and produced lymphokine in vitro to the appropriate antigen. All patients had normal leukocyte and differential counts and normal numbers of circulating T and B cells. All 8 patients with Darier's disease demonstrated no proliferative response to optimal doses of the T cell mitogen Con A while showing normal responses to the T cell stimulant PHA and the T cell dependent B cell stimulant PWM. This previously unreported finding suggests a subtle abnormality of T cells in Darier's and might be a marker for these patients. Serum from 2 patients with Darier's disease did not suppress the in vitro immunologic activity of lymphocytes from normals. Finally, 13-Cis-retinoic acid in dosages adequate to clear their skin disease did not alter the in vivo or in vitro immunologic functions in 3 Darier's patients, suggesting that the immune dysfunction is not a secondary phenomenon. PMID- 7007520 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii: use for diagnosis of acute acquired toxoplasmosis. AB - In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, sera from individuals with negative results in the Sabin Feldman dye test (DT) and sera from individuals with chronic toxoplasma infection all yielded negative results, even when tested undiluted. In contrast, of sera obtained from individuals with recently acquired toxoplasmosis, all sera that gave positive results in both the DT and the IgM-immunofluorescent antibody (IgM IFA) test and 92.8% of sera that gave negative results in the IgM-IFA test yielded strongly positive results in the IgM-ELISA. Thus, the IgM-ELISA is more sensitive than the IgM-IFA test in the diagnosis of recently acquired infection with T. gondii. Moreover, sera that gave negative results in the DT but that contained either antinuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factor and thus caused false-positive results in the IgM-IFA test all yielded negative results in the IgM-ELISA, probably because serum IgM and IgG fractions were separated during the initial step. PMID- 7007521 TI - Relation of virulence of Escherichia coli in septicemia and urinary tract infection to temperature-sensitive growth in minimal medium. PMID- 7007522 TI - From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The present status of live influenza virus vaccine. PMID- 7007523 TI - Streptococcal adherence to pharyngeal cells of children with acute rheumatic fever. AB - The adherence of strains of group A Streptococcus to pharyngeal cells from Egyptian children with acute rheumatic fever (RF) was examined. Nine RF associated and eight unassociated streptococcal strains were tested in vitro for adherence to pharyngeal cells from 11 patients with acute RF and eight normal subjects. RF-associated streptococcal strains adhered more avidly to pharyngeal cells of patients with acute RF (mean, 11.8 bacteria/cell) than did unassociated strains (mean, 5.9 bacteria/cell; P less than 0.05). The difference in mean adherence could be attributed to certain RF-associated strains. There was no significant difference in adherence when pharyngeal cells from controls were used. Furthermore, one RF-associated streptococcal strain was found to adhere considerably more avidly to pharyngeal cells of patients with RF than to those of controls. PMID- 7007524 TI - Bactericidal function of neutrophils from patients with acute bacterial infections and from diabetics. AB - Killing of Staphylococus aureus by neutrophils from untreated patients with acute bacterial infection was increased compared with neutrophils from uninfected controls or the same patients after antibiotic treatment. In contrast, neutrophils from diabetics failed to increase their bactericidal activity in response to infection to the same degree as neutrophils from nondiabetic subjects. The latter abnormality was pronounced in poorly controlled (plasma glucose level, greater than 130 mg/100 ml), but was also present in well controlled (plasma glucose levels, less than 130 mg/100 ml), diabetics. In parallel studies neutrophils from poorly controlled, uninfected diabetics did not kill S. aureus to the same degree as neutrophils from normal subjects or controlled diabetics. Finally, neutrophils from two diabetics who underwent controlled insulin withdrawal developed a bactericidal defect that was corrected by treating the patients with insulin or by preincubating their neutrophils with insulin in vitro. These results support the possibility that defective neutrophil bactericidal activity may contribute to the proposed increased susceptibility to bacterial infection of diabetics. PMID- 7007525 TI - Granulocyte function in recipients of renal transplant from live related donors and from cadavers. AB - Granulocyte adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity were studied in patients receiving renal transplants to determine whether defects in granulocyte function can explain increased susceptibility to infection. Five points were studied: preoperatively; immediately after transplantation; at the time of any rejection crises (when the patient was receiving large doses of prednisone and azathioprine); at discharge; and six months postoperatively with stable renal function. The major defect was depressed granulocyte adherence early postoperatively and at the time of rejection crises, when prednisone dosage was maximal. Chemotactic activity improved progressively after transplantation despite large doses of prednisone and azathioprine and was supranormal at the time of rejection crises. Phagocytosis was enhanced early postoperatively and at the time of rejection crises. Bactericidal activity was unaffected by renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy in recipients of transplants from live related donors, but was depressed in recipients of cadaveric kidneys. PMID- 7007527 TI - [Cadaver heart preservation and transplantation: an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007526 TI - Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization. AB - A method fo detecting large numbers of isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is described in which the genes encoding th enterotoxins are detected, rather than the toxins themselves. Radiolabeled fragments of DNA encoding the heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) toxins were used as hybridization probes for homologous DNA sequences in E. coli colonies grown and lysed in situ on nitrocellulose filters. The LT probe detected all of 31 E. coli strains producing ST and LT or only LT, while the ST probe detected 12 of 17 strains producing only ST and three of 26 strains producing ST and LT. These results suggest that the LTs produced by different isolates of E. coli are homologous and that human isolates of E. coli produce at least two heterologous STs detectable in the infant mouse assay. The hybridization method also detected the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli in bacterial growth in directly spotted stools from patients with acute diarrhea. PMID- 7007528 TI - [The important factor in preservation of cadaver heart: an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007529 TI - [Seven cases of tracheobronchial reconstruction and questionnaire on the anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007530 TI - [A comparative study of myocardial protective methods during open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007531 TI - [Effects of glucagon on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism (II). Role of insulin in the improvement of myocardial metabolism and hemodynamics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007532 TI - [Studies on inhibitory mechanism of insulin secretion associated with open-heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007534 TI - [Clinical evaluation for the effects of cold cardioplegic solution on myocardial protection. Effects of combined use of Young's solution and GIK solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007535 TI - [The correlationship between the protease activity and the epithelial cells in the saliva from the patients with gingivitis or marginal periodontitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007533 TI - [The study of glucose metabolism and pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions in cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007536 TI - [Immunofluorescent study on experimentally induced gingivitis in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007537 TI - [Cathepsin D activity in human gingival fluid and serum by fluorometric assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007538 TI - [Studies on the mechanical properties of a metal-ceramic restoration. (Part I) Estimation of the bond strength by pull-out test (author's transl)]. AB - Metal-ceramic composite materials as a porcelain fused to metal restoration, have been used for biomaterials. But the chief objection, to use of these materials as restorative materials, is its lack of strength, particularly tensile and shear strength. And the materials to have strong bond strength have been studied. On the other hand, the bond strength along metal-ceramic interface have usually measured by a pull out test. At the same time, the objection of the pull out test are pointed out. So, the deformation of metal-ceramic composite materials by the pull out test were simulated to use the axi-symmetric finite element method. And shear stress distribution along the interface and the principal stress distribution in ceramic were calculated. The following results were obtained. (1) Shear stress along the interface and maximum principal stresses in ceramic and in metal decrease rapidly along the interface. (2) The stress concentration factor as the case of the alloy with high Young's modulus is smaller than that of the alloy with low Young's modulus. So, the former would be stronger about the pull out test. (3) Metal-ceramic interface length is not affected for shear stress concentration. If the specimen has more than the critical interface length, the initial crack in ceramic would be occurred at the same pull out force. PMID- 7007539 TI - [Measurement of casting shrinkage with U-type tungsten die (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method was developed for the accurate measurement of casting shrinkage using a U-type tungsten die. A wax pattern was prepared on the die and both were invested together in phosphate bonded investment. Cobalt-chromium alloy, Regalloy shot 2, was cast and its shrinkage was calculated from the distance of the gap created between the die and the cast piece. In order to evaluate the effects of some manipulative variables on the cast shrinkage value of the alloy, mold temperature, kind of liquid for the investment and powder/liquid ratio were varied and shrinkage values were obtained. The results showed that the shrinkage value was not affected by the kind of liquid and the power/liquid ratio, but significantly decreased as the mold temperature raised up to 600 degree C. However, this effect was eliminated by means of substractive correction of the thermal expansion of the tungsten die. Thus, the casting shrinkage of the cobalt chromium alloy, Regalloy shot 2, was calculated to be 2.08 +/- 0.02%. The casting shrinkage of pure gold was also measured with the same procedure. The casting shrinkage was calculated to be 1.73 +/- 0.04% and highly consistent with the value (1.74%) reported by R. Earnshaw. This suggested that the developed method was sufficiently effective for the accurate measurement of casting shrinkage. PMID- 7007541 TI - Human ceruminous gland innervation. AB - Human ceruminous glands have been examined for the presence of adrenergic nerves using the histofluorescence method according to Falck and Hillarp, and immunohistochemistry for the presence of peptidergic nerves. The effect of adrenaline, alpha- and beta-blockers have been tested in vivo. No adrenergic or peptidergic nerves could be seen innervating the ceruminous glands. In spite of that, the glands reacted to local administration of adrenaline. This adrenaline effect could be blocked by alpha-blockers but not by beta-blockers. The cerumnious glands seem to possess alpha-adrenergic receptors, possibly capable of reacting with circulating catecholamines. PMID- 7007540 TI - [The influence of surface treatments on non-precious metal-ceramics alloys (author's transl)]. AB - In this study, the author attempted to find out the suitable methods of surface treatments for non-precious metal-ceramics alloys. Three Ni-Cr system alloys in the market, (Gemini II, Euro-ceram and Wiron S) were used. The shear bond strength was measured under the various conditions, varying the heating temperatures of pre-oxidation treatment and finishing methods of the metal surface. A specially designed apparatus which had been improved by the author, was used to measure the shear bod strength of the metal-ceramics. The following results were obtained. 1. The testing method improved was found better as a means of measuring the bond strength. Because the shear bond strength which was obtained by this testing method was hardly affected by the compressive force originating from porcelain contraction or the strength of alloys. 2. In the case of Gemini II and Euro-ceram, the influence of the finishing treatment on the properties was great. The coarser the surface roughness, the greater the value of the shear bond strength. 3. In the case of Wiron S, the influence of the pre oxidation treatment was great. The higher the temperature of treatment, the greater the value of shear bond strength. 4. The optimum surface treatment of metal was obtained among three alloys respectively. The shear bond strength of Gemini II was greater than the others under any condition. In the case of Euro ceram, the highest bond strength was obtained under the coarser surface condition regardless of the temperature of pre-oxidation treatment. In the case of Wiron S, the highest bond strength was obtained by the surface which was finished by the #600 emerypaper and the higher temperature of pre-oxidation treatment. PMID- 7007542 TI - Sound localization. Part I: a brief history. PMID- 7007543 TI - Studied of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride metabolism in an obese population with low plasma lipids: lack of influence of body weight or plasma insulin. AB - Pima Indians have a high prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and diabetes, but they have low plasma cholesterol levels, reduced low density lipoprotein synthesis, and little arteriosclerotic heart disease. To investigate lipoprotein metabolism further in this group, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism was studied, using [3H]glycerol as an endogenous precursor of triglyceride (TG) synthesis, in 15 obese Pima nondiabetic males and compared to that of 10 obese and 13 normal weight, normolipidemic, nondiabetic Caucasian males. The resultant kinetic data were analyzed using a multicompartmental model which includes two pathways for VLDL-TG synthesis and a process of stepwise delipidation for VLDL catabolism. As compared to obese Caucasians, the obese Pimas had a lower rate of VLDL-TG synthesis, and a lower proportion of slow pathway for synthesis. The fractional catabolic rate in the Pimas was higher than in either Caucasian group, a larger proportion of VLDL-TG was delipidized at each step, and particle residence time was shorter. When the relation between VLDL-TG metabolism and plasma insulin was examined, plasma insulin levels in the Pima were not correlated with VLDL-TG synthetic rates, catabolic rates, or plasma pools. On the other hand VLDL-TG synthetic rates were correlated with plasma free fatty acid levels. Thus, in this population with low plasma lipids and reduced arteriosclerotic heart disease, VLDL-TG synthesis is low, VLDL-TG catabolism is accelerated, and VLDL pools appear to be insensitive to the influence of body weight and hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7007544 TI - Fixation of onlay bone grafts with lag screws. AB - A method is described of fastening bone segments to the mandible and maxilla by means of lag screws. The indications are discussed, as are the possible advantages of the procedure compared with fixation of bone grafts by wiring or by osteosynthesis plates. Indications include: 1. Fixation of bone segments at the lower border of the mandible when, after maximal displacement of the segments, the surface of contact between the mandible and the bone segment becomes too small. 2. Filling-in defects in the alveolar process, e.g. stabilising bone grafts for augmentation of the height of the alveolar ridge. 3. Fixation of fragments serving to bridge over mandibular defects. Within the stated range of indications lag screws appear to have the following advantages compared with wire fixation: a) more stable immobilisation of the grafts b) closer contact between graft and recipient surface through compression between the two; c) the possibility of easier removal of the screws compared with removal of wires. Within the range of indications lag screws appear to have the following advantages compared with bone graft fixation by means of osteosynthesis plates: a) The plate acts as a separating medium between graft and the soft tissue bed. b) The more tedious removal of plates is avoided with screws. PMID- 7007545 TI - [Lymphoedema and elephantiasis due to filariasis. Pathogenesis and clinical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Adult lymphatic filariae (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) can cause blocking of lymphatics producing obliterating endolymphitis lesions. The subsequent extravasation of lymph (or chyle when the obstruction is canal) is at the origin of the formation of lymphedema or elephantiasis, in which the main histological finding is great hypertrophy of collagen elements. This theory involving filaria only is not the full picture, and bacterial infection, mainly by streptococci, is an important factor. The association of filaria with microbes is particularly dangerous because the presence of the latter, or its toxins, causes death of local microfilariae and even adult worms, which are known to be more harmful dead than alive. The progression of the disease, especially in cases with lymphedema, which mainly affects the limbs and the genital organs, depends on three factors: the species of filaria, the degree of transmission, and the receptivity of the patient to the parasite. Large differences are found according to the region involved, and in the same endemic zone, according to the individuals affected. However, they almost always occur progressively in areas where there have been recurrent attacks of acute lymphangitis. PMID- 7007546 TI - [Rene Fontaine; 1899-1979]. PMID- 7007547 TI - The Four Horsemen of amateur psychiatry, class of '46. Interview by William H. McDonald. PMID- 7007548 TI - Oral rehydration in diarrheal infants and children. PMID- 7007549 TI - Combined clofibrate and chlorpropamide in the treatment of maturity - onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7007550 TI - Morphological changes of the molecular sieve in bovine glomerular basement membrane by protease and lysosomal enzyme digestion. PMID- 7007551 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-induced release of luteinizing hormone from pituitary explants of cows killed before or after oestradiol treatment. PMID- 7007552 TI - Effect of portacaval anastomosis and chronic underfeeding on the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis in the rat. AB - Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) in the rat may be a useful experimental model for examining endocrine changes that occur during cirrhosis of the liver. A marked reduction in diet intake and body weight occurs in rats after establishing the shunt and studies were undertaken to determine the relationship of these effects to the testicular atrophy that also follows PCA. Control, sham-operated animals, experiencing a reduction in food intake similar to that of the animals with a PCA, showed reduced plasma levels of LH and testosterone but also exhibited a marked testicular response to LH. This was consistent with increased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the negative feedback of gonadal steroids in chronically underfed animals. Male rats with a PCA exhibited similarly reduced levels of LH and testosterone, but showed poor secretory responses of the pituitary gland to LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) and of the testis to LH. Testicular atrophy and cessation of spermatogenesis occurred in the animals with a PCA. These results suggested that the effects of PCA on the pituitary-gonadal axis cannot simply be explained as a consequence of the restricted intake of diet. This was confirmed by the responses to castration. In both fed and underfed sham-operated rats, castration resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in plasma LH and both groups showed a marked LH secretory response to LH-RH. In contrast, in animals with a PCA castration had little effect on plasma LH and the pituitary response to LH-RH was still poor. The effects of PCA cannot be simply explained by impeded metabolism of gonadal steroids causing increased negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 7007553 TI - Effect of progesterone on the secretion and peripheral action of insulin and glucagon in the intact rat. AB - The plasma insulin response to glucose an arginine was increased in intact female rats implanted with progesterone. This change was not mediated by increased energy intake since the insulin response to glucose was similarly enhanced in progesterone-treated rats pair-fed with controls. In contrast, similar levels of pancreatic glucagon were observed in the plasma of both control and experimental rats during arginine stimulation. Thus the molar ratio of insulin to glucagon may be increased in the plasma of progesterone-treated rats following a mixed meal. This change may represent a physiological adaption to a demonstrable resistance to the peripheral actions of insulin in non-adipose soft tissue. The hyperglycaemic and lipolytic actions of exogenous glucagon were also impaired in progesterone-treated rats. It is suggested that an increase in the molar ratio of insulin to glucagon will favour hepatic lipogenesis and the peripheral deposition of fat. PMID- 7007554 TI - Endocrine pancreas in the offspring of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. AB - At birth newborn rats from mothers with experimentally induced diabetes show hypertrophy and degranulation of the pancreatic islets. With birth the maternal hyperglycaemic stimulus is removed and during the lactation period the overstimulated B cells can restore their normal secretory activity. The increase of B-cell mass, however, remains retarded for several weeks. By adulthood the endocrine pancreas of offspring from mildly diabetic mothers seems to have recovered from the influence of the abnormal intra-uterine milieu, at least as judged by morphometric examination. In offspring from severely diabetic mothers an increased secretory activity of the individual B cells might be responsible for their sustained hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7007556 TI - Possible influence of heavy metals in cardiovascular disease: introduction and overview. PMID- 7007555 TI - The role of elevated levels of sodium in diet and drinking water on the development of hypertension in animal models and humans. PMID- 7007557 TI - Experimental approaches to evaluating the role of environmental factors in the development of cardiovascular disease. AB - Epidemiologic studies have suggested factors in drinking water influence on the human cardiovascular system. A clear identification of the factors involved requires more invasive techniques and more strict experimental controls than can usually be applied in epidemiologic studies. Consequently laboratory animals are often used to expand and support epidemiologic data. For laboratory purposes cardiovascular toxicology must be broken down to effects on the myocardium, the vasculature and the kidney. Further division may be necessary to take into account the influence of the neuroendocrine system or other systems that influence the function of the cardiovascular system. Since environmental influences upon the cardiovascular disease are relatively subtle (versus the acute effects of some drugs) it is assumed that major difficulties are chronic in nature. Accordingly, it is suggested that laboratory experimentation focus on either chronic toxin exposure or short-term exposure to stressed or genetically susceptible animals. A variety of in vivo and in vitro tests may be necessary to relate the toxicity realized in animals to what might be expected in man. Wide species differences with respect to the susceptibility of particular target tissues must be taken into account to clearly apply the results to man. Similarly, special characteristics of stressed and genetically susceptible animals must be understood to avoid deceptive results. PMID- 7007559 TI - Selenium in the drinking water and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7007558 TI - The influence of copper and zinc on the occurrence of ischemic heart disease. AB - The zinc/copper hypothesis, which invokes relative or absolute deficiency of copper in the etiology of ischemic heart disease, was described. The belief that calcium (and, perhaps, magnesium) is a substance in hard water which protects against ischemic heart disease by altering copper and zinc metabolism was presented. The amounts of copper and zinc in drinking water usually are too small to produce important increases in the amounts of these elements in diets. Occasionally tap water high in copper may be an important supplement to a diet low in copper. PMID- 7007560 TI - Mutagenic activity of N-chloropiperidine. AB - The toxicity and mutagenicity of N-chloropiperidine (NCP) and piperidine (PD) were tested in C57Bl/J6 mice and in Salmonella tester strains. Toxicity studies, based on single intraperitoneal administration of the test compounds, revealed that while the toxic effect of PD in aqueous solution decreased with time, the toxicity of aqueous solution of NCP increased on standing at room temperature for 24 or more hr. Direct incorporation assay of NCP and PD for mutagenic activity, using Salmonella tester strains as the test system, showed that the number of revertants induced by NCP was about 2.4 fold of that induced by PD. The results further indicated that TA100 and TA1535 were the most sensitive strains. A modified host-mediated assay, involving the analysis of urine, peritoneal fluid and faecal material from control and NCP-treated mice, indicated that peritoneal fluid from treated animals generated more revertants; moderate levels of revertants were produced by faecal material and urinary and urinary preparations produced the least number of revertants. PMID- 7007561 TI - Immunosuppression in mice induced by dioxin (TCDD) in feed. AB - Juvenile and adult mice (4 and 7 weeks old, respectively) were fed various levels of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) incorporated in mouse feed for five weeks or more. Animal parameters monitored included body weight, organ weights, white blood counts, hematocrits, certain serum protein levels (see below), symptoms of overt toxicity and mortality. High exposure levels (100 ppb) produced marked suppression in total serum protein, gamma globulin and albumin, but an increase in the beta-globulins. Feeding levels of 10 ppb TCDD or more reduced the primary and secondary antibody response to both tetanus toxoid and sheep erythrocytes. The amount of suppression appeared to be dose related, with juvenile animals showing greater suppression than adults. Antibody suppression from the 10 ppb feed level was roughly equivalent to that observed from a single high dose (200 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (CY). No evidence of enhanced IgE synthesis was obtained from TCDD exposed animals. TCDD feeding also lowered contact sensitization to dinitrofluorobenzene and resistance to challenge with either Salmonella typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 7007562 TI - Population characteristics and environmental factors that influence level and cause of mortality. A review. AB - Responsible evaluation of energy production effects on human health requires prior accounting for the socioeconomic, cultural, and climatic characteristics known to influence mortality rate and cause. Fifteen population characteristics and environmental variables (education, income, occupation, industrial mix, socioeconomic status, housing quality, climate, urban residence, geographic residence, internal migration, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, marital status, foreign birth or stock, and religious affiliation) and three age subgroups are discussed. An initial set of eight variables is indicated for mortality rate standardization, based on the reliability of their relationships with mortality. These eight variables are: education, occupation, industrial mix, urban residence, marital status, ethnic mix, and cigarette and alcohol consumption. Education and occupation are negatively related to mortality. Occupational exposure to toxicants (indicated by industrial mix), cigarette consumption, and alcohol consumption have positive linear relationships with various specific causes of mortality. Urban residence, marital status, and ethnicity have non-linear relationships with mortality and show consistent patterns for certain causes of death. In addition to these characteristics three age subgroups ( less than 1 year, 1-14 years, greater than or equal to 65 years) are discussed because of their relatively high or low rates compared to the rest of the population. A brief review of water and air pollution effects on mortality is included for completeness. Unique to this review is the quantitative summary (presented as an appendix) of the variables influencing adult mortality. It is a compilation of numerical relationships, derived either directly or indirectly from the published data, that support the choice of influencing variables. PMID- 7007565 TI - Three hundred years of family health care: some perspectives. AB - Many medical texts have been produced in the past to help the ordinary individual and his family care for themselves, without resorting to the services of a physician. Five "home care" books were randomly selected for study from the many hundreds spanning a period of approximately 300 years, up to the early 20th century. It is likely that these books, which dealth with a whole range of problems including morality, religion, and lifestyle, had a significant impact on the attitudes of society, many of which persist to this day. The importance of environment and natural therapies stressed in these books has been reemphasized in recent years. PMID- 7007564 TI - The epidemiologic perspective: water hardness and cardiovascular disease. AB - Studies of water hardness and cardiovascular disease are briefly reviewed, and the probability that the reported associations are those of cause-and-effect is assessed. While the verdict is "not proven", further studies are desirable because of the potential benefits that might accrue from water treatment. Future studies, however, need to be much more definitive than the ecological investigations of the past. Although such studies have been useful as pilot studies, the effects of a possible water factor cannot be disentangled from the effects of many personal characteristics that also vary with geography. PMID- 7007563 TI - Development of the 'Water Story': some recent Canadian studies. AB - Because of excessive reliance on the method of ecological correlation, in which the units of study are entire communities, there have been few agreed conclusions concerning the relation between mineral quality of water and health. However, in recent years there have been attempts to relate water exposure to health outcome in statistical series of individual subjects. Studies in Kitchener, Ontario and Regina, Saskatchewan found that households having domestic water softeners experience lower death rates than others. Kitchener data clearly implied an association between copper piping and mortality rate but this was not confirmed in Regina. Comparison of myocardial tissue between residents of soft and hard water areas has confirmed that insufficient magnesium intake is a likely cause of higher mortality in soft water areas. Within the 'normal' range of myocardial magnesium concentration the risk of IHD death appears to vary by at least one and possibility two orders of magnitude. PMID- 7007568 TI - Exchange of skin grafts among monozygotic quadruplets in armadillos. AB - Skin grafting experiments, with long-term follow-ups, on three litters of armadillo quadruplets born in our laboratory have confirmed the familiar rule that grafts exchanged between monozygotic littermates are not rejected as a consequence of alloimmune reactions. A possible explanation of the striking discrepancy between the present findings and those of a previous study is uncertainty about the relationships of the previous animals, which were obtained from a commercial dealer at 10 days of age. PMID- 7007567 TI - Splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and stem cells (CFU-s) during acute phenylhydrazine-induced enhanced erythropoiesis. AB - The erythroid status and levels of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were monitored in mice subsequent to acute phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hemolytic anemia. From ferrokinetic measurements, we noted a shift in erythropoiesis from bone marrow to spleen. The levels of splenic PFC were significantly depressed following PHZ-induced erythroid differentiation. Although this immune depression may reflect competition at the stem cell levels, whereby pluripotent stem cells (CFU-s) are preferentially differentiated into the erythroid line at the expense of lymphopoietic pathways, other possibilities cannot be excluded. In this regard, we have shown that loading of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) by PHZ-damaged erythrocytes effected profound depressions in splenic PFC numbers. Lastly, in addition to the well-documented increases in CFU-s migration from marrow to spleen during enhanced erythropoiesis, we noted increased migration of B lymphocytes (as assessed by PFC) in marrow-shielded lethally-irradiated mice given PHZ. We also provide data which show that PHZ damaged RBC evoke increased migration of CFU-s in normal mice, indicating a possible involvement of the MPS in stem cell migration. PMID- 7007570 TI - Monoclonal antibody: a major new development in immunology. PMID- 7007569 TI - Genetic variability of alcohol dehydrogenase among Australian Drosophila species: correlation of ADH biochemical phenotype with ethanol resource utilization. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities, electrophoretic phenotypes, and the extent of ethanol resource utilization are compared for three groups of species distinguishable on ecological criteria: 1) the cosmopolitan species D. melanogaster, a frequent inhabitant of wineries; 2) fruit-baited species of the typically Australian subgenus Scaptodrosophila: D. lativittata, D. nitidithorax and D. howensis; and 3) Scaptodrosophila species not attracted to fermented-fruit baits being collected by sweeping in temperate rain forests (D. inornata, D. collessi) or from Hibiscus flowers (D. hibisci). D. melanogaster showed the highest levels of ADH activity and an electrophoretic polymorphism with two active allelic forms, while group 2) species showed intermediate ADH activities and polymorphisms, which were consistent with "high activity" and "low activity" allelic forms in natural populations of these species, and group 3) species showed only "low activity" forms. Ethanol resource utilization follows the same sequence, being 1 greater than 2 greater than 3 (D. howensis and D. collessi were not tested). Therefore the species considered show an association of ADH biochemical phenotype, laboratory ethanol utilization, and resources utilized. PMID- 7007571 TI - The limitations of expert scientific evidence. PMID- 7007573 TI - [Genetic aspects of Rendu-Osler disease in Haut-Jura: convergence of methodological approaches of historic demography and medical genetics]. PMID- 7007572 TI - [Genetic analysis of human behavior: epistemological methods and limits]. AB - The genetics of human behavior, whether dealing with socio-biology, or with the heritability of schizophrenia or of IQ levels, is currently a controversial domain. The author briefly presents the relatively new methods of genetic pedigree examination utilizing likelihood calculation analyses, and compares this method to the more classical evaluations by family, twin, and adopted children studies. Illustrative examples are drawn from work on the genetics of schizophrenia. PMID- 7007574 TI - [Ultrasonics and genetic counseling]. PMID- 7007576 TI - [Pregnancy abnormalities as alerting signs of Steinert's congenital myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 7007575 TI - [The gene in 1979]. PMID- 7007577 TI - Activity and isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in neurons and astroblasts cultured from brains of chick embryos. AB - Primary cultures of neurons and glial cells (astroblasts) prepared from brains of 8-day-old and 15-day-old chick embryos, respectively, were grown for periods between 3 and 19 days. Specific activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in both types of cultures as a function of time and was always significantly higher in glial cells than in neurons. Glial cell extracts were found to contain predominantly the anaerobic isoenzymatic form of LDH (LDH-M4), and this pattern did not change over a period of 19 days. Cultured neurons contained predominantly the aerobic isoenzymatic form LDH-H4, and there was a progressive appearance of all other isoenzymes over an 8-day period. These results support the hypothesis of a different energy metabolism in neurons and glia. PMID- 7007578 TI - A sensitive radiometric assay for ornithine aminotransferase: regional and subcellular distributions in rat brain. AB - A radiometric assay for ornithine aminotransferase was developed using [1 14C]alpha-ketoglutarate as the labeled substrate and glutamate decarboxylation as a linking step. This assay gives near total measurement of ornithine aminotransferase activities that are, respectively, about 1.5 and 10 times larger than those obtained by the spectrophotometric assay and the radiometric assay using [1-14C]ornithine. It is also the most sensitive of the three assay procedures. Consistent with previous reports, brain ornithine aminotransferase was found to be present predominantly in synaptosomes. Regional distribution of the enzyme correlated with that of the high-affinity uptake of glutamate, but not with the distribution of glutamate decarboxylase. Ornithine aminotransferase may be responsible for the synthesis of glutamate in glutamatergic neurons but it is clearly not localized exclusively in such neurons. PMID- 7007579 TI - Metabolism of acetate to amino acids in brains of rats after complete hepatectomy. AB - The concentration of glutamine increases in the brain after hepatectomy. In the present studies the conversion of intravenously given [14C]acetate to [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine was studied in control rats and in rats at 6 h after complete hepatectomy. The incorporation of label into glutamate was only slightly inhibited, but the further incorporation into glutamine was greatly inhibited, after hepatectomy. These data, and previous data using [14C]glucose as precursor, indicate that synthesis of glutamine in brain is inhibited after hepatectomy, and suggest that its concentration must increase because degradation is inhibited to an even greater extent. PMID- 7007580 TI - Peptidase regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels during in vitro incubations of the rat hypothalamus. AB - The fate of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was examined by a GnRH radioimmunoassay during in vitro incubations of the rat medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). There was a progressive disappearance of exogenous GnRH during MBH incubations. The GnRH degradation could be explained by the release of peptidases from the MBH into the incubation medium. The cytoplasmic marker lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was also released into the incubation medium. The peptide antibiotic bacitracin produced a dose-dependent inhibition of GnRH degradation during MBH incubations; 1 mM-bacitracin completely inhibited exogenous GnRH degradation during 4-h incubations. Bacitracin also produced dose-dependent increases in the recovery of endogenous GnRH released from the MBH under basal conditions or when stimulated with the depolarizing agent veratrine. Veratrine also was found to decrease the GnRH peptidase activity significantly but not the LDH activity during MBH incubations. The present results indicate that peptidase activity can be an important regulator of endogenous GnRH released from the hypothalamus during in vitro incubations. PMID- 7007581 TI - A model system for the study of the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from isolated storage granules. AB - We have developed an in vitro system for the study of the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) from its storage granules. In this system, homogenates of hypothalamic tissue are subjected to hypoosmotic shock, and the LH RH-containing granules are isolated by means of differential centrifugation. The isolated granules are then incubated in a buffered medium, and the incubation is terminated by passing the incubation mixture through LH-RH affinity columns. The LH-RH associated with the granules passes freely through the columns, whereas the LH-RH released into the medium binds to the columns and is subsequently eluted with an acid solution. LH-RH is quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA). We tested the effects of various concentrations of KCl on LH-RH release, which was found to be dependent on the concentration of KCl in the medium over the range 40-160 mM. We then studied the effects of pH on the release of LH-RH. Incubation of granules at pH 7.8 in the presence of 160 mM-KCl resulted in the release from the granules of 14% of the stored LH-RH, whereas incubation at pH 6.2 resulted in the release of approximately 30% of the LH-RH. In addition, granules were incubated at pH 7.8 with MgATP and KCl. MgATP elicited a marked release of LH-RH that was approximately twice that seen in the absence of MgATP. In summary, in this in vitro system, granules containing LH-RH are stable under defined biochemical conditions, and LH-RH release from these granules is stimulated by ions and MgATP. PMID- 7007582 TI - Presence of conjugated catecholamines in rat brain: a new method of analysis of catecholamine sulfates. AB - A new method of measuring catecholamine (CA) sulfate permitted us to detect its presence in rat brain for the first time. The procedure consisted of separating the CA sulfate from the free CA by alumina adsorption followed by passage through Dowex, and measuring the CA sulfate by a radioenzymatic assay in the presence of a sulfatase. This method permitted demonstration of the presence of dopamine sulfate, and occasionally, of norepinephrine and epinephrine sulfate in the hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus of rat brain. PMID- 7007583 TI - Kurt Mothes--scientist, educator, humanitarian. PMID- 7007584 TI - A preliminary study of hypoglycemic activity of Lythrum salicaria. AB - A study of the hypoglycemic activity of several extracts of Lythrum salicaria was made in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rabbits. Circulating insulin variations were studied as well. The results of this study prove a hypoglycemic activity of the plant. PMID- 7007585 TI - Fibrous Astrocytes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Fibrous astrocytes were stained by the Sternberger (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) method, using paraffin sections of mid-frontal cerebral cortex of patients with senile dementia and of normals of similar age. The populations of fibrous astrocytes were similar in the molecular layer, but were widely divergent in layers II through VI. Here the mean count of fibrous astrocytes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type was more than four times that of the normal aged cortex. PMID- 7007587 TI - EACA and subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7007586 TI - Thrombosis: the relationship of hemostatic mechanisms to drug therapy. AB - The mechanism of action and present clinical role of drugs affecting hemostasis in the therapy of spontaneous, postoperative, and posttraumatic arterial thrombosis, arterial embolism, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and intracranial aneurysm have been reviewed. Both the management of neurosurgical problems and the development of antithrombotic regimens are improving. In regard to the use of drug therapy, discussed herein, each surgeon will reach his own decision based on his findings in the individual patient, and may wisely elect in specific situations not to employ drug therapy. The comments offered in ths analysis are to be construed as suggestions not mandates, as they will undoubtedly undergo modification with time. In closing, it is appropriate to recall a famous Chinese curse: "May you live," it reads, "in a time of transition." PMID- 7007588 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with spinal cord trauma. Effects of steroids, cimetidine, and mini-dose heparin. AB - The frequency and degree of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding were examined in 131 patients with spinal cord injuries. All patients were randomly assigned to either high- or low-dose steroid regimens and some form of GI prophylaxis. The latter consisted of antacids alone or antacids supplemented with cimetidine when this medication became available. Segments of the population were treated with mini dose or full-dose heparin. The incidence and degree of GI bleeding did not appear to be affected by steroid dose level, regimen of prophylaxis, or mini-dose heparin. Only full heparinization was found to significantly increase bleeding. These results place in question the benefits of adding cimetidine to antacids as a prophylactic atreatment in patients with no history of ulcer. PMID- 7007589 TI - Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. Part 5: Correlation of a lymphocyte index and clinical status. AB - Long-term assessment of general host immunocompetence of patients with primary malignant brain tumors indicates that although isolated determinations of nonspecific responsiveness are not clinically useful, sequential analyses utilizing a linear combination of in vitro lymphocyte probes are capable of predicting tumor recurrence prior to clinical deterioration. PMID- 7007590 TI - An overview of neurogenic pulmonary edema. AB - It is hoped that this presentation has increased the knowledge and understanding of the neurogenic pulmonary edema syndrome. Each of us should now be more aware of the potential for development of this complication in patients admitted with head trauma. Through increased awareness, knowledge, and understanding, we are better equipped to meet the challenge presented to us by these patients and to deliver the high-quality nursing care essential to their recovery. PMID- 7007592 TI - James Lawder Gamble (1883-1959) A biographical sketch. PMID- 7007591 TI - Pulmonary extraction of C-11 chlorpromazine, measured by residue detection in man. AB - Uptake of C-11 chlorpromazine (CPZ) was measured to evaluate the nonrespiratory function of lung in patients. A multiple-indicator dilution technique was used with external detection. Following intravenous bolus injection of C-11 CPZ, with In-113m transferrin as an intravascular reference molecule, counts were recorded with a scintillation camera using two energy windows. The residue functions, R(t), for C-11 CPZ and In-113m transferrin were plotted against time for selected areas of interest, and the CPZ area-weighted extraction, E(t), was computed for the same areas every 250 msec using the formula: E(t) = [RT(t) - RR(t)]/[1 - RR(t)], where RT and RR are the normalized residue functions for CPZ and transferrin, respectively. The initial extraction was 90 +/- 5% in four normal subjects and 64 +/- 7% in six patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (C.O.L.D.), these values being significantly different (p less than 0.001). The large initial extraction of CPZ in a single passage through the pulmonary vasculature resulted from a fixation to membranes, due to its high liposolubility. The lower extraction seen in patients with C.O.L.D. was explained by weaker fixation to lung tissue. PMID- 7007594 TI - Long-term effects of moderate fructose feeding on glucose tolerance parameters in rats. AB - The effects on glucose tolerance of prolonged fructose feeding, at a level approximating that currently in the American diet, were examined in weaning, male Wistar rate. Two groups of rats were fed ad libitum diets containing either 54% cooked cornstarch (w/w) [CS] or 39% cooked cornstarch plus 15% D-fructose (CSF) for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 15 months. All rats were given an oral glucose tolerance test (250 mg glucose/100 g body weight) after each designated feeding period (hereafter referred to as age groups). Serum insulin and glucose were determined from blood obtained after fasting and 1/2 1, 2 and 3 hours following the glucose load. Neither body weight nor relative food intake (g/day/100 g body weight) differed significantly with diet. Fasting serum insulin increased linearly (r = 0.97) with age in both dietary groups, but was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in CSF- than in CS-fed rats. Fasting serum glucose levels were also higher (P less than 0.05) in CSF-than in CS-fed rats. The levels decreased with age (r = 0.61) in CS-fed rats, but increased linearly with age (r = 0.96) in CSF-fed rats. Serum insulin response to the oral glucose load was higher (P less than 0.03) in all CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats. The serum glucose response curve following the oral load was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) in CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats at 7 months but not at other ages. Liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) activity, measured only in the 3-month group, was higher (P less than 0.05) in the CSF-fed rats, indicating higher gluconeogenic activity. PMID- 7007593 TI - Absence of impaired glucose utilization in adipocytes from rats fed a carbohydrate-free, high protein diet. AB - Glucose utilization was studied in isolated adipocytes from rats fed a mixed (51% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 19% protein), high fat (81% fat, 19% protein) or high protein diet (30% fat, 70% protein). Despite similar food intake, rats on the high protein (HP) diet had smaller epididymal fat pads than the other two groups. The reduction in fat pad size was caused by small and variable reductions in both cell size and cell number. Fat cells from rats on the high fat (HF) diet had the previously reported reduction in pentose phosphate shunt activity in the absence and presence of insulin, and marked diminution of de novo fatty acid synthesis. Lactate release was elevated in the absence of insulin. There was no insulin stimulation of glucose uptake, CO2 production, glyceride-glycerol production or lactate release in these adipocytes. However, significant stimulation of fatty acid synthesis was seen. There was no impairment of glucose uptake or utilization in cells from rats on the HP diet despite the absence of dietary carbohydrate. Indeed, 14CO2 produced from glucose-l-14CO2 produced from glucose-1-14C was increased in these adipocytes. Thus the impaired glucose utilization in rats on the high fat, carbohydrate-free diet is due solely to the fat content of the diet. PMID- 7007595 TI - Evidence of a glucose-insulin imbalance and effect of dietary protein and energy level in chickens selected for high abdominal fat content. AB - Effects of dietary protein or energy level on growth and physiological parameters were investigated in growing chickens selected for high (fat line, FL) or low (lean line, LL) abdominal fat but similar body weight. The FL birds deposited consistently more abdominal fat (about two-fold) and had poorer feed conversion, irrespective of diet. Increasing the ratio of energy to protein increased fat deposition similarly but at different levels. Body weight and feed consumption showed only minor and inconsistent differences and feed consumption following a fast and body temperature in the fed or the fasted-state showed no differences between lines. Fasting plasma glucose levels were similar for both lines at hatching but consistently lower in FL birds thereafter. This was matched by higher fasting plasma insulin levels. A similar relationship was also observed in fed FL birds at 2 weeks of age. Glucose disposal rate was faster in FL birds at 4 and 6 weeks but normal by 8 weeks. The glucose-induced insulin release was higher in FL birds at 6 and 8 weeks, indicating a normal sensitivity to insulin at a young age, with the development of a tissue insulin resistance by 8 weeks of age. The primary mechanism responsible for the fattening of FL birds appears therefore to be greater insulin release from the pancreas of the FL birds soon after hatching. PMID- 7007596 TI - Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in lambs: the ultrastructure and immunopathology of diffuse glomerulonephritis in newly born Finnish Landrace lambs. AB - Renal biopsies were obtained by laparotomy from eight newborn C3 deficient Finnish Landrace lambs, and examined by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. The capillaries of all glomeruli contained numerous neutrophils and peripheral capillary walls were thickened and refractile at high magnifications. Almost continuous subendothelial electron-dense deposits were seen in peripheral capillary walls. Large amounts of C'3, and small amounts of IgM and IgA were also seen in these sits. No IgG was seen in these glomeruli. Four lambs died within 96 hr of birth. The remaining four lambs all had severe clinical mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN) by 21 to 42 days after birth. Amounts of C'3, IgM and IgA in glomeruli had increased by comparison with amounts at birth, and IgG was present in the deposits. It was concluded that the processes ultimately expressed as MCGN in these lambs were initiated before birth. PMID- 7007597 TI - The pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7007599 TI - Characteristics of antischistosomal benzodiazepine binding sites in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The benzodiazepines, clonazepam and Ro 11-3128, have been identified as antischistosomal drugs (Stohler, 1978). Using [14C] Ro 11-3128 or [3H] clonazepam, we were able to demonstrate that male S. mansoni can specifically bind these labeled drugs. The binding sites on this parasite displayed characteristics of saturability and low affinity. The affinity of various benzodiazepines for the binding site on intact schistosomes correlated with their antischistosomal efficacy. Binding was markedly altered by agents known to destroy membrane integrity. Combined with previous studies (Pax et al., 1978), this work suggests that a specific, benzodiazepine binding site may be located on the epidermis of male S. mansoni. PMID- 7007600 TI - Studies on the West Pakistan strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes. AB - The West Pakistan strain of Plasmodium vivax was established in 17 Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys. Parasitemias were moderate. Prior experience of the animals with P. falciparum and a heterologous strain of P. vivax resulted in a marked reduction in parasitemias, but maintenance of mosquito infectivity similar to that of animals with no prior malaria. Comparative infectivity studies indicated that this strain in Aotus monkeys was most infective to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes followed by An. balabacensis balabacensis, An. maculatus, and An. culicifacies. Anopheles albimanus were infected only rarely. The intensity of the salivary gland infections was highest in An. maculatus followed by An. culicifacies, An. freeborni, and An. b. balabacensis. Transmission via mosquito bite was obtained once with An. freeborni and once with An. maculatus; prepatent periods were 20 and 25 days. PMID- 7007598 TI - Homocystinuria caused by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: a case in an infant responding to methionine, folinic acid, pyridoxine, and vitamin B12 therapy. PMID- 7007601 TI - Evaluation of Plasmodium berghei for endotoxin by the Limulus lysate assay. PMID- 7007602 TI - Autocytotoxins during rodent malaria. PMID- 7007603 TI - The efficacy of antimicrobial agents in parenteral products assessed by the USP XIX method compared to the USP XVIII method. PMID- 7007604 TI - Presidential address: the evolution of pediatric surgery. PMID- 7007605 TI - Depression of glucose utilization by Intralipid in the post-traumatic period: an experimental study. AB - We investigated the accelerated clearance of Intralipid (IL) in the immediate post-traumatic period and the influence of the concomitant rise in fatty acid ((FFA) metabolism on carbohydrate tolerance. As a result we postulate that intermediary products of fatty acid oxidation inhibit key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The fatty acidemia and its metabolic sequlae can be avoided by intermittent Intralipid supplementation (at low rates) during TPN. It will assure (1) a larger carbohydrate-to-fat caloric ratio during infusion and (2) cyclical regeneration of the enzyme systems involved in lipid metabolism. PMID- 7007606 TI - Correction of congenital abnormalities of the vagina and perineum. AB - Techniques used for vaginoplasty in patients with congenital anomalies are described. They include simple cutback, inlay of a perineal flap, perineal pullthrough, abdominal-perineal pullthrough, and the use of a free skin graft. When the clitoris is enlarged, clitoroplasty should be performed instead of clitoridectomy. The technique should vary according to the size of the phallus. Labia minora can be constructed from excess skin of the clitoris. Labioscrotal tissue can be advanced posteriorly to provide a more normal appearing vulva. These various reconstructive procedures can be performed either simultaneously or in stages depending on the complexity of the case and the age of the patient. PMID- 7007608 TI - The relationship between peak inspiratory pressure and positive end expiratory pressure on the volume of air lost through a bronchopleural fistula. AB - A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) may complicate the management of patients with major pulmonary disease or thoracic surgery. Neonates with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and requiring ventilation are especially susceptible to pulmonary barotrauma, which may result in a BPF. Morbidity and mortality are consistently high. In ventilating patients with BPF, the effects of peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP) on air leak have not been documented. These relationships were studied in rabbits prepared by thoracotomy and creation of a standardized BPF. Randomized trials of various levels of PIP and PEEP were applied, and the percent of inspired tidal volume lost through the BPF calculated. The percent of inspired volume lost does not increase significantly from 10 to 30 cm H2O PIP (p greater than 0.05). Percent leak does increase significantly when increasing PEEP frm 0 to 16 cm H2O (p less than 0.001). Any PEEP greater than 6 cm H2O results in more air loss through the BPF than any level of PIP (p less than 0.01). Linear regressions through a common origin were calculated to illustrate the relationship of PIP versus leak and PEEP versus leak. The slopes of these lines (0.572 and 3.97, respectively) are significantly different (p less than 0.001). When using equal increments of PIP and PEEP, PEEP will have over a sixfold greater effect on air leak than doses PIP. These data suggests that PIP should be increased preferentially when ventilating patients with BPF in order to minimize air leak. PEEP less than 6 cm H2O can be used without any significant increase in the volume of air lost. PMID- 7007607 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in hemorrhagic and septic shock in puppies. AB - The efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of shock remains controversial. In order to evaluate this question, the following controlled experimental study was undertaken. There were 44 puppies (2-6 kg) used to examine the effects of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) in both hemorrhagic and live Escherichia coli septic shock. In order to isolate the effects of steroid treatment, no volume or antibiotic therapy was given. Arterial, venous, and pulmonary artery catheterization allowed continuous hemodynamic and metabolic monitoring. One control group received steroid treatment and was not subjected to shock. Septic shock was achieved by a rapid bolus infusion of 10(9) live E. coli organisms. Hemorrhagic shock was produced by bleeding the puppy an average of 43% of his blood volume. Four septic and four hemorrhagic shock groups received either no treatment, steroids at the time of shock, or steroids 30 min before or after shock. Cardiac outputs of less than 50% of control values and significant lactic acidosis were documented in all of the shock animals. The septic groups showed more profound alterations in these parameters and a decreased overall survival. No statistically significant differences could be found, however, in the hemodynamic, metabolic or survival figures among the different septic shock groups, or among the various hemorrhagic shock animals. The anticipated preservation of cardiac output and decrease in leakage of lysosomal acid phosphatase were not seen with any treatment schedule. The theoretical benefits of corticosteroid treatment in shock could not be documented in these two models of severe septic and hemorrhagic shock in puppies. PMID- 7007609 TI - The effect of particle size on the osteogenic activity of composite grafts of allogeneic freeze-dried bone and autogenous marrow. AB - This study was carried out to determine if particle size is a factor to be considered in the evaluation of the osteogenic activity of freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA) and, if so, whether small particles enhance or inhibit osteogenesis. Small particle FDBA (100-300 microns) plus marrow and large particle FDBA (1000-2000 microns) plus marrow were placed in plexiglass diffusion chambers secured to the femurs of six Rhesus monkeys. Control chambers contained either marrow alone or were left empty. Two animals were given injections of oxytetracycline hydrochloride at 5 and 7 weeks to obtain intravital osseous labeling. All chambers were removed after 8 weeks. Ten chambers were evaluated for new bone formation by fluorescent microscopy. The contents of 15 additional chambers were evaluated by single blind technique for presence or absence of bone resorption and ossification. The results indicated that there was significantly more new bone formation associated with small particle FDBA (100-300 microns) plus autogenous marrow than with large particle FDBA (1000-2000 microns) plus autogenous marrow. In addition, small particle FDBA (100-300 microns) plus autogenous marrow tended to display more resorption than large particle FDBA (1000-2000 microns) plus autogenous marrow. It was concluded that within the parameters of this study, small particles of FDBA enhance osteogenesis. This study also demonstrated that particle size is a variable to be considered when comparing the osteogenic potential of freeze-dried bone allografts. PMID- 7007610 TI - Periodontal disease and oral hygiene. Described by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. PMID- 7007611 TI - Effect of cinoxacin on the conjugal transfer of R-plasmids in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7007613 TI - Therapy for urolithiasis by hydroxamic acids. II. Urease inhibitory potency and urinary excretion rate of hippurohydroxamic acid derivatives. AB - The apparent I50 values of various hippurohydroxamic acids against urease activity of sword bean were mostly 0.5 to 2.0 microM regardless of hydrophobicity of their substituents. However, the marked increase of hydrophilicity caused by substitution of trimethoxy groups conspicuously decreased the inhibitory potency. Methylation at alpha-position of the hydroxamic acid group in these compounds remarkably decreased the inhibitory potency, probably owing to steric hindrance by the alpha-methyl group. Thenoyl-, furoyl- and nicotino-glycinohydroxamic acids which are bioisostereomers of hippurohydroxamic acid had I50 values of 0.64, 1.3 and 5.3 microM, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory potency of some substituted hippurohydroxamic acids against the ureolytic activity of intact Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, were half to one-tenth of those against urease activity of sword bean. On the other hand, m and p-nitro-, m- and p-methoxy-, m- and p-acetylamino-hippurohydroxamic acid and furoylglycinohydroxamic acid showed high urinary excretion rates of 14 to 16% of the doses administered orally to rats, while most of the others had excretion rates of about 3 to 5%. PMID- 7007612 TI - [Hormones. III. Thyroid hormones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007614 TI - Therapy for urolithiasis by hydroxamic acids. III. Urease inhibitory potency and urinary excretion rate of N-acylglycinohydroxamic acids. AB - Hydroxamic acid, a potent urease inhibitor, having a high urinary excretion rate is expected to be a therapeutic agent for urolithiasis caused by urea-splitting bacterial infection of the urinary tract. Twenty-one new derivatives of N aliphatic-acylglycinohydroxamic acids (GHAs) were synthesized, and their inhibitory potencies against the urease activity of sword bean in a phosphate buffer and against the ureolytic activity of Proteus mirabilis in human urine, and their urinary excretion rates in rats were also measured for this purpose I50 values of most of GHAs against the urease activity of sword bean were about 1 to 10 microM and 2-ethyl-n-butyroyl GHA was the most potent inhibitor with the value of 0.79 microM. I50 values of most of the GHAs against the ureolytic activity of Proteus mirabilis were about 5 to 50 microM and n-nonaroyl GHA was the most potent inhibitor with the value of 3.6 microM. 2,2-Dimethylpropionyl GHA had the highest urinary excretion rate with the recovery of 11%. Routes of administration of 2,2-dimethylpropionyl GHA and sex of rats used did not affect the amount of urinary excretion at all. The results in this report suggest that DL 2-methyl-n butyroyl, 2-ethyl-n-butyroyl and 2,2-dimethylpropionyl GHA are the most hopeful therapeutic agents for urolithiasis among them. PMID- 7007615 TI - [X-ray structure analysis of proteins and its relation to other fields--with special reference to molecular pharmacology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007616 TI - [Antitumor activity of yeast cell wall against syngeneic tumors and its effect on mitogenic response of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007618 TI - Reduction in immunogenicity and clearance rate of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase by modification with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. AB - Escherichia coli L-asparaginase was modified with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol using cyanuric chloride as a coupler. The modified enzyme did not cross-react with anti-L-asparaginase antibody in precipitin reaction, but retained some catalytic activity (8% of the original activity). It has the same Km value for L asparagine and the same optimal pH as the native enzyme. The immunogenicity of the modified enzyme was substantially reduced because mouse antiserum to it showed no significant increase in hemagglutinin titer of L-asparaginase-coated sheep red blood cells. After a single i.p. injection of the modified enzyme (80 I.U./kg) into rats, enzyme activity was detected in the serum within 30 min and persisted for over 3 weeks. Concomitant depletion of serum L-asparagine persisted for more than 3 weeks. On the other hand, the active enzyme was rapidly cleared from the serum. The half-lives of the modified and native enzymes were calculated to be 56 and 2.9 hr, respectively. This modified L-asparaginase may be much more useful than the native enzyme for the clinical treatments of tumors because of its reduced immunogenicity. PMID- 7007617 TI - [Anti-inflammatory action of water extract of snake's moulted skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007620 TI - Replacing an abutment crown for an existing removable partial denture. AB - A method to replace an abutment crown for an existing removable partial denture has been presented. PMID- 7007621 TI - A preliminary study of wear of porcelain when subjected to functional movements of retentive clasp arms. AB - Porcelain-metal crowns simulating abutment retainers for removable partial denture clasping were studied to determine the effects of wear to the porcelain surface and possibilities of fracture. Surface profile recordings at x 1,000 were made on the porcelain surfaces before and after subjecting samples to wear that was equivalent to 2 years of patient use. Little or no change was recorded in these surface profiles, indicating that little or no wear had occurred. None of the samples failed due to porcelain fracture. It appears that well-fabricated, glazed porcelain surfaces can withstand the wear forces of removable partial retentive clasp arms. PMID- 7007619 TI - Insulin secretion in sheep exposed to cold. AB - 1. Cold exposure caused a marked decrease in insulin response to intravenous injection of glucose, with a sharply declining response over the first 4 days of cold exposure followed by a constant low response up to 13 days of the experimental cold period. 2. The glucose-induced insulin response was unaffected by concomitant infusion of phentolamine in the warm environment. In contrast, the low response of insulin secretion to glucose during cold exposure was so augmented by concomitant infusion of phentolamine as to exceed the response observed in the warm environment. 3. Intravenous infusion of phentolamine caused an increase in the concentration of plasma insulin in the cold but not in the warm environment. 4. Adrenaline completely abolished the insulin response to glucose in the warm environment. 5. Exposure to cold environment brought about an increase in urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline and in heart rate, but rectal temperature was unchanged. 6. It is concluded that cold exposure insufficient to cause hypothermia produces a marked decrease in insulin secretion by the pancreas of sheep, mediated through adrenergic alpha-receptors stimulated by augmented sympatho-adrenomedullary activity. PMID- 7007623 TI - An evaluation of cross-bite ridge relationships. A study of articulated jaw records of 150 edentulous patients. AB - Data were collected from 150 men and women complete-denture patients. Their jaw records were evaluated with a specially designed instruments. The extent of deviation of the maxillary and the mandibular ridges in the horizontal plane was calculated at various interridge distances, at a constant interalveolar crest line angle of 80 degrees. It was found that: 1. Most patients of both sexes revealed a normal horizontal ridge relationship. 2. Next to the normal ridge relationship, there was a tendency for a unilateral cross-bite ridge relationship on the left sides of those patients who had recent extractions (up to 6 months previously). 3. True bilateral cross-bite ridge relationships were found only in those patients who gave a history of prolonged edentulousness. 4. The decision to arrange the posterior teeth in normal or cross-bite ridge relationship should take into consideration the deviations in the ridge relationship as well as the interridge distance. A method of evaluating interridge deviations in the horizontal plane in the posterior region of articulated jaw records of edentulous patients was developed. PMID- 7007622 TI - A comparative study of the centrifugal and vacuum-pressure techniques of casting removable partial denture frameworks. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate two techniques for casting accuracy on removable partial denture frameworks: centrifugal casting and vacuum-pressure casting. A standard metal die with predetermined reference points in a horizontal plane was duplicated in refractory investment. The casts were waxed, and castings of nickel-chrome alloy were fabricated by the two techniques. Both the casts and the castings were measured between the reference points with a measuring microscope. With both casting methods, the differences between the casts and the castings were significant, but no significant differences were found between castings produced by the two techniques. Vertical measurements at three designated points also showed no significant differences between the castings. Our findings indicate that dental laboratories should be able to use the vacuum pressure method of casting removable partial denture frameworks and achieve accuracy similar to that obtained by the centrifugal method of casting. PMID- 7007624 TI - Telescope retainers for removable partial dentures. AB - Telescope crowns used in removable partial dentures reduce the destructive horizontal and rotational occlusal forces by directing them more axially and less traumatically than other retainers. These properties are combined with excellent conditions for cross-arch and multiple abutment splinting. If one of the abutment teeth needs extracting, the denture can be repaired with acrylic resin simply by remaking the secondary crown into a pontic. The single copings can be easily cleaned due to the good accessibility around their gingival margins. They also protect the abutment teeth against caries and thermal irritation. Soldering of the primary copings or their connection with accessory bars is not necessary in rigidly constructed telescope crowns, because the secondary crowns incorporated in the superstructure provide sufficient rigidity. In addition, the splinted copings often cause inflammatory gingival hyperplasia because the solder joints are too close to the gingival margins, preventing proper hygiene maintenance. The taper configuration or vertical height of the coping, which determines the amount of load transferred to each abutment, can be planned to suit each tooth's condition and designated function in the restoration. In a fixed restoration, the load is always evenly distributed among all the abutment teeth regardless of their condition, because the crowns are permanently cemented to them. In the telescope denture, the amount of force can be individually regulated by modifying the form and leverage of the retainers, according to their position, bone support, and occlusal conditions. PMID- 7007625 TI - Swinglock removable partial dentures: where and when. AB - The where and when of swinglock removable partial denture treatment planning have been presented, including indications, contraindications, and advantages. While the principles asserted in this article do not represent a panacea to partial denture design, the swinglock design concept does provide another treatment alternative for select difficult biomechanic situations. PMID- 7007626 TI - Temporary space maintainers retained with composite resin. Part II: Fracture load in vitro. AB - The average fracture load during occlusal loading of pontics which were bonded to natural abutment teeth in vitro was found to be 56.1, 57.5 and 74.2 kg for natural, acrylic resin, and Restodent pontics, respectively. Coating the roots of the abutment teeth with a thin layer of silicone rubber before embedding them in stone slightly reduced the strength of the fixed partial dentures. Thermocycling the specimens with coated roots caused a considerable decrease in strength to fracture loads of 33.0, 17.9, and 37.3 kg for natural, acrylic resin, and Restodent pontics, respectively. Fracture of the enamel of natural tooth pontics was observed in a few specimens. The superior strength of the fixed partial dentures with natural tooth and Restodent pontics would indicate that these pontics are superior for clinical trials rather than acrylic resin pontics. PMID- 7007627 TI - Marginal leakage: entry side and exit side-clinical implications. AB - The marginal leakage along the proximal walls of Class II amalgam restorations was studied. The influence of the direction of the bur rotation to tooth structure in cavity preparation was the primary concern of investigation. Also, the effect of different cavity wall finishing techniques created by exit and entry action of the rotating bur and that of two different types of amalgam on the marginal leakage was studied. The degree of marginal leakage was not significantly different among any of the treatment groups. PMID- 7007628 TI - Increased occlusal vertical dimension in adult monkeys. AB - Splints which opened the vertical dimensions on all posterior teeth in five rhesus monkeys were studied over a period of 3 to 36 months. Findings were as follows: 1. The increased vertical dimension of occlusion did not have a pathologic effect on the TMJs. 2. The posterior teeth attached to the splint and the teeth opposing the splint were intruded into the alveolar processes. 3. The nonoccluding incisor teeth extruded, but the epithelial attachment remained close to the cementoenamel junction. 4. The vertical dimension as measured between the markers in the bones of the mandible and maxillae gradually returned toward the pretreatment vertical dimension, although complete closure to this position was not accomplished during the time period of the experiment. 5. The relationship between the epithelial attachment and the cementoenamel junction remained undisturbed by the experiment. 6. After completion of growth, there appeared to be a definite tendency for rebound to the normal pretreatment vertical dimension following increase of the vertical dimension. This was recorded by measurable movements of the teeth. PMID- 7007629 TI - Comparison of elastomeric impression materials used in fixed prosthodontics. AB - Five elastomeric impression materials were evaluated: two polysulfides (one lead cure and one non-lead cure), two silicones (one condensation polymerization and one addition polymerization), and one polyether. These materials were subjected to simulated clinical conditions. Two techniques were evaluated. All materials were evaluated initially with use of a custom tray and manufacturers' adhesive. A second evaluation was performed without using the tray system. Both techniques were subjected to statistical comparison. Conclusions of the research were as follows: 1. All impression materials that were poured immediately and evaluated using a custom tray and adhesive consistently demonstrated superior results in comparison to those tested without the custom tray. 2. Polyether material consistently yielded superior results with or without a custom tray when compared to the other impression materials. The additional polymerization silicone ranked second, followed by the lead-cure polysulfide and the condensation polymerization silicone, respectively. PMID- 7007630 TI - Strengthening mechanism of bonded alumina crowns. AB - The results of this study suggest that the strengthening of aluminous porcelain with Sn-plated Pt is an effect of (1) a chemical interaction involving diffusion and dissolution of Sn-oxide in the glass phase of the porcelain and (2) a better wetting of te Sn-plated substrate by the porcelain. This conclusion supports and confirms the earlier hypothesis of McLean and Sced. PMID- 7007631 TI - In search of Laennec. PMID- 7007632 TI - Roger Marbeck--first Registrar. PMID- 7007633 TI - Harvey and sensory neuropathy. PMID- 7007634 TI - Anti-ovarian and anti-lymphocyte antibodies in patients with chronic vaginal candidiasis. AB - Seventeen of 30 patients with chronic vaginal candidiasis (CVC) of at least 5 years duration had varying degrees of menstrual problems and defective T lymphocyte function; 8 developed amenorrhea. In a group of 40 CVC patients, titers of autoantibodies to ovary, thymocytes, a T-cell line (CCRF-CEM), and a B cell line (RN114) were significantly higher than those in 45 normal females (69 +/- 3 vs. 5 +/- 2, 70 +/- 27 vs. 4 +/- 2, l7 +/- 6, vs. 4 +/ 2, and 73 +/- 24 vs. 8 +/- 5, respectively, mean +/- S.E.). Antibody titers to sperm, T-cell line HSB 2, and B-cell lines RAJI and BALL-1 were within the normal range. Significant correlations were found between anti-Candida, anti-ovarian, and anti-thymocyte antibody titers. Similar results were found for 6 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) and in serial samples obtained over a one-year period from a representative patient with both CVC and CMCC. The anti-T lymphocyte antibodies in these patients were directed primarily against non suppressor (predominately helper) T cells. Absorption of the sera with either Candida cells, ovarian follicle cells, or thymocytes reduced all three antibody titers; absorption with sperm or B-cell lines did not alter the titers. These results suggest the presence of one or more cross-reactive antigens on ovarian follicle, T lymphocytes (especially the helper cell subpopulation), and Candida. PMID- 7007636 TI - Evaluation of immunofluorescence on pig zone pellucida for detection of anti-zone antibodies in human sera. AB - Using immunofluorescence tests, antibodies reacting with pig zone pellucida could be detected in 31% of 103 sera from patients in different clinically defined categories, mainly fertile males and females and patients from couples with unexplained infertility. The antibodies could in all cases be absorbed by means of pig erythrocytes - in most sera with all erythrocyte suspensions tested, but in some cases only with erythrocytes from certain animals - indicating that antibodies both to generally occurring pig antigens and alloantigens may be present in human sera. Staining of pig zonae was recorded equally frequently with unabsorbed sera from infertile and fertile males and females, respectively, but titres of 1:16 or more occurred more frequently among infertile than among fertile female (P = 0.053). PMID- 7007635 TI - Differential expression of minor histocompatibiility antigens on the surface of the mouse oocyte and preimplantation developmental stages. AB - The expression of specific minor histocompatibility antigens on oocytes and preimplantation developmental stages in the mouse has been examined using immunofluorescence. Multi-specific alloantisera in conjunction with serological adsorption and target cells of the appropriate genotype have been used to how that there is differential expression of minor histocompatibility antigens during early development. Detailed analysis showed that antigen expression can be detected on oocytes and zygotes, but not on two-cell stages. From the eight-cell stage to the blastocyst, reactivity with antibody directed against a single specificity could be detected. PMID- 7007637 TI - A national public health service. AB - The development of the British public health services is briefly reviewed and it is suggested that two types of epidemiologist (Community Physician) are necessary in each locality: one concerned with medical administration and health care planning-the medical administrator, and the other with the prevention of disease the clinical epidemiologist. A new nation public health service is proposed to revive disease prevention with four main features: (1) A district Clinical Epidemiologist who is a member of the district department of community medicine with responsibility for prevention but with no district administrative duties. (2) A District Epidemiology Unit comprising other appropriate staff. (3) National specialist epidemiology units within the NHS with service roles to support and coordinate the District Clinical Epidemiologists. (4) A national authority within the NHS with responsibility for prevention and for administering the national specialist units. PMID- 7007638 TI - Prostatitis. PMID- 7007642 TI - The Abraham Flexner Award. Dr. William G. Anlyan. PMID- 7007641 TI - Moynihan needle--surgeons'choice. PMID- 7007643 TI - The Borden Award. Dr. Donald F. Steiner. PMID- 7007639 TI - Single-layer anastomosis in the large bowel: ten years' experience. AB - Satisfactory experience with single-layer colorectal anastomosis during 1969-74 led to an analysis of the results of single-layer large bowel anastomosis during the subsequent years 1975-79. This technique has continued to be associated with a low incidence of anastomotic failure, but anastomotic integrity also depends on rigorous attitudes to bowel preparation, to bacterial contamination and to the avoidance of anastomosis when the risk of anastomotic failure is high. PMID- 7007644 TI - High-powered research and the microscopic viewpoint. PMID- 7007640 TI - Hyposensitization in asthma: a review. PMID- 7007645 TI - Analysis of wall antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Water-soluble and surface-located antigens from Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D IEP) with selected sera. A complex pattern was seen when a water-soluble fraction reacted with hyperimmune sera. Significantly fewer precipitin peaks were seen when wall-located antigens were used in the 2D IEP system; this made possible the detection of a small number of recurring antigen-antibody interactions when sera from patients with aspergilloma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were analysed. Many of these recurring precipitates were affected by lectins with specificity for alpha D-glucose, alpha-D-mannose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. All the antigens were susceptible to hydrolysis by pronase, confirming the glycoprotein composition of many of these macromolecules. PMID- 7007647 TI - Effect of the growth environment on cell-envelope components of Escherichia coli in relation to sensitivity to human serum. AB - Three smooth strains of urinary Escherichia coli were grown in a chemostat under carbon-limited (C-lim) and magnesium-limited (Mg-lim) conditions over a range of dilution rates (D). Strain LP1674 was resistant to human serum under C-lim but became sensitive when grown under Mg-lim, the degree of sensitivity increasing as D increased. The transition to serum sensitivity was accompanied by loss of ability to produce extractable K1 antigen and a reduction in the amount of a 46k envelope polypeptide. C-lim cells of strain LP729 exhibited a delayed sensitive response to serum, the degree of lag in serum killing becoming less pronounced with increasing values of D; Mg-lim cells were more sensitive with little or no lag in serum killing. The degree of lag appeared to be directly related to the amount of the O side-chain sugar mannose associated with the lipopolysaccharide. C-lim and Mg-lim cultures of E. coli strain LP1395 were resistant to serum except when growing at near maximal rates. Although C-lim cultures contained more acidic polysaccharide than Mg-lim cells, transition to serum sensitivity did not appear to be related to exopolysaccharide production. Rapidly growing cells of strain LP1395 did, however, have lower lipopolysaccharide 0 side-chain sugar:core-sugar ratios than more slowly growing cells. With all three strains, changes in dilution rate and in the nature of the limiting nutrient were accompanied by changes in envelope protein composition. This study demonstrates that many cell surface changes occur in response to alterations in the growth environment and some of these may be correlated with changes in sensitivity to serum. PMID- 7007648 TI - Serial measurement of circulating immune complexes in the sera of patients with leukaemia. AB - The occurrence of circulating immune complexes was studied in 220 sera of 86 patients with leukaemia. Three tests were used in parallel: the 125I-C1q-binding assay, the complement consumption test and C1q solubility test. Positive results in at least two assays were found in 64% of the patients and in 88% of the 32 serially investigated patients. An association was found between the elevated immune complex level and the blastic phase of the disease. A fluctuation of the immune complex level-independent of the clinical course of leukaemia-could also be demonstrated. The peaks of these types of fluctuations obtained by the different tests did not coincide on several occasions. These findings suggest that the composition of immune complexes changes in the course of the disease. PMID- 7007650 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) and antithrombin III (AT III). AB - The activity of LIF, produced in vitro by sensitized lymphocytes exposed to the appropriate antigens, is readily abolished in the simultaneous presence of heparin and thrombin. Heparin or thrombin alone are without significant effects. Adding AT III together with heparin and thrombin restores the LIF activity. We suggest that the migrating leucocytes on their cell membranes have receptors, composed of AT III-like molecules, which are blocked or destroyed, by forming complexes with heparin and thrombin. However, the heparin-thrombin complex will preferentially interact with AT III added to the culture medium, thus leaving the cellular receptors free to interact with LIF. PMID- 7007646 TI - A rapid and simple method for distinguishing colonies of proteus from those of Salmonella and Shigella. AB - A rapid and simple method is described by which colonies of Proteus can be distinguished from those of Salmonella and Shigella and other non-lactose fermenting organisms growing on MacConkey's agar or desoxycholate citrate agar. The method is based on the ability of Proteus to produce urease constitutively. The enzyme was detected by the degradation of urea by the inoculum, thereby creating an alkaline reaction on pH-indicator paper. PMID- 7007649 TI - Expression of the blood group I, i, H, and A1 antigens on erythrocyte membranes studied by immunofluorescence. AB - A double immunofluorescence technique was used to study the expression of I, i, H and A1 antigens on individual erythrocytes of neonates, adult controls and patients with various haematological disorders. I, i and H staining was heterogeneously distributed from cell to cell as was already demonstrated for A1 antigen. i staining occured in 41 to 64% of cord cells (11 to 32% were strongly fluorescent) but only in 0.2 to 2.3% of adult erythrocytes. I staining occurred in 54 to 97.5% of adult erythrocytes but only in 1 to 14% of those of cord blood. Patients' cells tended to mimic a foetal pattern of heterogeneity in that an increase of i stained cells occured associated with a decrease of A1 or H stained cells. It is suggested that the foetal-like red cells observed in patients with haematological disorders result from an expansion of a normal process of differentiation rather than clonal development of abnormal cells. PMID- 7007651 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the trpB gene in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7007653 TI - Gene structure in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence of trpC and the flanking intercistronic regions. PMID- 7007652 TI - Nucleotide sequences of the trpG regions of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7007654 TI - Evolution of patterns of gene expression in hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. AB - The tissue and stage specificity of expression of five enzymes was examined by electrophoretic analysis of relative enzyme levels in extracts of 13 larval and adult tissues in 27 species of Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. The developmentally regulated patterns of enzyme expression thus characterized were compared to a modal standard phenotype. About 30% of the pattern features analyzed differed significantly from the standard in one or more species. Many of these regulatory differences are essentially qualitative, with tissue specific differences in enzyme activity in excess of 100 fold for some species pairs. The adaptive significance of these pattern differences in unknown, but the results provide strong direct evidence for rapid evolution of new patterns of gene regulation in this group of organisms. PMID- 7007655 TI - Identification and definition of chemical carcinogens: review of criteria and research needs. AB - Advances in carcinogenesis research have greatly improved the methods for detection, investigation, and definition of occupational carcinogens. A basis of scientific criteria has been developed for carcinogen identification and evaluation. Research, legislative, and regulatory initiatives in the United States are reviewed. The 1979 Report of the Working Group on Occupational Carcinogenesis, Occupational Cancer Task Force, National Cancer Institute, is added as an appendix. A detailed discussion is given of the 1979 report of the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group entitled "Scientific bases for identification of potential carcinogens and estimation of risks." Two separate approaches are considered, i.e., the qualitative determination that a substance poses a carcinogenic hazard and the quantitative estimation of risk. The qualitative criteria are reviewed in the present paper. The need for critical data evaluation and the judgmental nature of the process are emphasized. Research needs arising from the analysis of these criteria are discussed. Laboratory research contributions to the identification and characterization of carcinogens are summarized, including development and study of organ target models for carcinogenesis in animals; studies of human target tissues and cells in culture; studies of transformation, initiation, and promotion of epidermal cells in culture; studies of transplacental carcinogenesis; and studies of molecular mechanisms. PMID- 7007657 TI - Overview of some aspects of quantitative risk assessment. AB - Use of animal data to estimate the human risk from long-term exposure to low doses of environmental carcinogens poses a number of biological, toxicological, and statistical problems. One of the problems is that of extrapolating animal dose-response relations from the high-dose range, where animal test data are available, to the low doses that humans might encounter. Different mathematical models for extrapolation are summarized, and the procedures for an problems of estimating human risk on the basis of animal studies are evaluated. PMID- 7007658 TI - Historical perspectives of occupational cancer. AB - Three topics are discussed in this review, which is not intended to give even a short description of the history of occupational cancer. First, the present state and possible future trends of occupational cancer are examined. Such factors as rapid industrialization, increasing amounts of chemical compounds in the environment, and discoveries of new occupational carcinogens such as asbestos and vinyl chloride indicate that occupational cancer is likely to become more frequent in the future. The controversial issue of the proportion of cancers related to occupation is briefly considered. The upward trend of estimates of various authors during a quarter of a century indicates a growing proportion of occupational cancers in the overall incidence of cancer. Second, some lessons from the past are considered. Careful observations and alertness of physicians and proper documentation of occupational cancer cases are pointed out. Interdisciplinary teamwork and international cooperation have been useful in the past and continue to be desirable. Some details of the studies of skin cancer caused by mineral oil are informative. Individual susceptibility, whether genetically determined or due to pathological conditions, needs further study. As an example of the predictive value of animal experiments, skin cancer related to the oil shale industry in Estonia is discussed. The third topic--input from experimental cancer research--deals mainly with the problem of modifying factors. Experimental data on such factors could facilitate investigations of life-style effects, using the proposed classification of modifying factors. The problem of nasal cancer in woodworkers may be easier to solve by taking into account some experimental data on tannin-containing material. Some possibilities for future action and suggestions for further research are outlined. PMID- 7007659 TI - An epidemiological study of speech and hearing disorders. AB - The research described in this report began on January 1, 1976, and continued for three and a half years. The object was to examine the prevalence of communication disorders in southeastern Ontario in order to make recommendations for the planning of future facilities and services. The study is, to the best of the writers' knowledge, the largest of its kind ever undertaken; it involved more than 5,000 subjects over 18 months of age, each assessed in a one-to-one situation. The research consisted of the following stages, which often overlapped in order to achieve the goals of the study as rapidly and as effectively as possible: -- A review of literature. -- Data collection on known cases of communication disorders in 1975. -- Testing speech and hearing in almost 5,500 people. -- Making recommendations for the future provision of services. PMID- 7007656 TI - Potential carcinogenic and mutagenic industrial chemicals. I. Alkylating agents. AB - A variety of alkylating agents, acylating agents, peroxides, halogenated derivatives, and nitrogen derivatives have been reviewed, principally in terms of their synthesis, areas of utility, stability, distribution, reactivity, levels of exposure, population at risk, metabolism, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. PMID- 7007660 TI - Artifacts observed in critical-point-dried preparations of human chromosomes by electron microscopy. PMID- 7007661 TI - Evidence for heterogeneity in populations of T5 bacteriophage. II. Some particles are unable to inject their second-step-transfer DNA. AB - A new class of bacteriophage was characterized in purified T5 stocks. Regardless of the host cell, these phages were irreversibly blocked at the first-step transfer stage under conditions in which whole DNA injection normally takes place. However, they expressed their first-step-transfer functions. These observations confirmed the previously established heterogeneity of T5 bacteriophage populations and provided a new way to define a phage function necessary to release the blocking of T5 DNA injection at the first-step-transfer stage. PMID- 7007663 TI - The role of computerized tomography in renal transplant patients. AB - We evaluated 53 patients with computerized tomography after renal transplantation. The diagnostic value of computerized tomography scanning was primarily in differentiating between patients with acute rejection and those with obstructive uropathy, urinary fistula or significant perinephric fluid collections. Computerized tomography guidance also may be helpful in performing anterograde pyelography or percutaneous allograft biopsy. The computerized tomography scan provides an effective, non-invasive, complementary method of evaluating post-transplant dysfunction. PMID- 7007662 TI - Sequelae and management of urinary infection in the patient requiring chronic catheterization. PMID- 7007664 TI - Proximal tubular function in human hydronephrotic kidneys. AB - Proximal tubular was evaluated on the basis of the excretion rate of urinary beta 2-microglobulin of each kidney in 15 patients with unilateral hydronephrosis. Total and divided renal function was measured with 51chromium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance, isotope renography and a concentration test. Total renal function was normal in all patients. Parenchymal function, measured by renography, was reduced in 2 hydronephrotic kidneys and both patients had had upper urinary tract infections. The ability to concentrate urine was impaired in 10 hydronephrotic kidneys. These patients had renal calculi or had had upper urinary tract infections. The urinary beta-2-microglobulin excretion was normal in all hydronephrotic kidneys, indicating an intact proximal tubular function in these patients. PMID- 7007665 TI - Marcello Malpighi. PMID- 7007667 TI - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. PMID- 7007666 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in simple hand lacerations. AB - A randomized prospective study of 265 patients with hand lacerations was carried out to define the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of simple, sutured wounds of the hand. Two hundred sixty-five patients were followed up until suture removal or satisfactory wound healing. There were a total of three infections (1.1%). There was no noticeable differences in the incidence of infection in the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups. It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics are an unnecessary adjunct in the treatment of simple lacerations of the hand and no replacement for meticulous wound management. PMID- 7007670 TI - Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of Dr. Gachet. PMID- 7007668 TI - Successful treatment of naturally occurring influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1. AB - Forty-five university students with proved influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1 infection were randomly treated with either amantadine hydrochloride (14 students), rimantadine hydrochloride (19 students), or placebo (12 students). By 48 hours after initiation of therapy, amantadine and rimantadine recipients had significantly less fever and greater improvement compared with subjects given the placebo. Minor reversible CNS side effects at the end of the five-day course of therapy were observed in one third of the amantadine-treated subjects. However, both amantadine and rimantadine recipients returned to classes earlier and shed smaller amounts of virus than placebo recipients. Thus, both drugs exerted a notable therapeutic effect. Hence, during an influenza outbreak, five days of empirical therapy with amantadine or rimantadine for persons with an influenza like syndrome should ameliorate clinical symptoms and might decrease spread of virus. PMID- 7007669 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia. AB - Comprehensive data were reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry by 24 worldwide teams regarding 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia who were treated with HLA-identical, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between 1975 and 1978. One hundred fourteen patients received one transplant and 30 received two. Sustained engraftment of donor marrow occurred on the first transplant attempt in 76% of the patients whose engraftment status could be evaluated. Moderate, severe, or lethal graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 52% of the engrafted patients. The one-year survival rate for all patients was 44% (64/144). Among the one-year survivors, the primary disease was apparently cured in 90% and improved in 10%. Thus far, four patients died one to five years after transplant. Of the 60 patients currently alive, ten have chronic GVHD and the remainder are in good health. Multivariate analyses of the data disclosed a number of pretransplant factors associated with engraftment, GVHD, and one-year survival. The most important finding was that the use of male donors was preferable to female donors because of a higher rate of engraftment, less severe GVHD, and a higher one-year survival rate. PMID- 7007671 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7007672 TI - Implantation of an artificial pancreas. Current perspectives. PMID- 7007673 TI - Carl Arthur Scheunert. PMID- 7007674 TI - Van Gogh's vision. Digitalis intoxication? AB - Vincent van Gogh, the Dutch postimpressionist painter, died in 1890. He was an uncommon man. Automutilation, depression, insanity, and suicide are part of his medical history. During the last few years of his life, his paintings were characterized by halos and the color yellow. Critics have ascribed these aberrations to innumerable causes, including chronic solar injury, glaucoma, and cataracts. Van Gogh may have been under the influence of digitalis intoxication and its side effects: xanthopsia and coronas. This hypothesis is based on his twice having painted his physician holding a foxglove plant; that this medicine was used in the latter part of the 19th century in the treatment of epilepsy; and that the toxic effects of digitalis may have, in part, dictated the artist's technique. PMID- 7007675 TI - Metabolic control and complications in diabetic patients. PMID- 7007676 TI - Fritz Haber. PMID- 7007677 TI - Calcium antagonists: long-awaited new therapy for heart disease. PMID- 7007678 TI - Owen H. Wangensteen, MD, PhD, dead at 82. PMID- 7007679 TI - Radiological evaluation of patients receiving assisted ventilation. PMID- 7007680 TI - Decreased secondary hyperparathyroidism in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis. AB - Biochemical and bone scintigraphic studies were performed in nondiabetic and diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis at the time of kidney transplantation to assess the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Despite lower serum calcium concentrations, diabetic patients had significantly lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels than nondiabetic patients. In addition, diabetic patients had lower graded total-skeletal scintigraphic scores than nondiabetic patients. The PTH levels showed positive correlations with bone scan scores and with alkaline phosphatase in nondiabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. Avascular necrosis occurred in 17% of nondiabetic patients and in only 2% of diabetic patients. Patients with avascular necrosis had significantly higher PTH levels than patients without avascular necrosis. Diabetes mellitus seems to confer a protective effect from the skeletal manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism, including avascular necrosis. PMID- 7007681 TI - [The measurement of cardiac output using ether or ether and nitrous oxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007682 TI - [Studies on the rat liver following endotoxin administration. (1) A morphological, biochemical and histochemical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007683 TI - [Influence of halothane anesthesia and surgery on plasma levels of aldosterone and renin activity in pediatric patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007684 TI - [Current findings in the history of anesthesiology (12)--Hannah Greener case (2)]. PMID- 7007685 TI - Exaggerated response of renin secretion to captopril (SQ 14225) in renovascular hypertension. AB - Captopril (SQ 14225), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered in a dose of 50 mg to 12 normotensive subjects (Group I), 26 essential hypertensive patients (Group II), and 8 renovascular hypertensive patients (Group III). In Group III, 5 of the 8 patients had control plasma renal activity (PRA) similar to those in Groups I and II patients, but the PRA response to the administration of captopril was greater in 7 of the 8 patients than those in Groups I and II. These 7 patients had either bilateral or unilateral main renal artery stenosis. Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renin aplasia. It is concluded that this provocation test is useful as a screening procedure for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7007688 TI - Literature. PMID- 7007691 TI - [Lipoproteins and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7007687 TI - [Japanese literature on clinical hematology. 1979]. PMID- 7007689 TI - [Criteria for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer]. PMID- 7007690 TI - [Malignant lymphoma among Japanese]. PMID- 7007692 TI - [Effect of age on active and inactive plasma renin levels in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007693 TI - [A study of in vitro guinea pig complement fixation test on the rabbit membranous nephropathy and the rabbit Masugi nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007694 TI - [Immunofluorescent features in anaphylactoid purpura nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007686 TI - Acute and chronic cardiocirculatory effects of oral prazosin in chronic refractory heart failure. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of oral prazosin were investigated in 7 patients with chronic refractory heart failure. A single dose of 1 to 3 mg prazosin produced a significant increase in cardiac index (+17.6%, p less than 0.01) associated with substantial decreases in pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure ( 31.6%, p less than 0.02), systemic vascular resistance (-29.7%, p less than 0.01), and double product (-24.1%, p less than 0.02). Plasma renin activity was significantly elevated (+42.4%, p less than 0.02). These effects were found maximum at 2 hours and persisted for 8 hours. The chronic hemodynamic effects in 5 patients with chronic refractory heart failure were evaluated by administration of 1 to 2 mg prazosin 3 times daily for 8 weeks, and ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography and carotid pulse recording. All the patients showed improvement in the clinical symptoms of heart failure. Peripheral venous pressure decreased slightly (-12.5%). ET/PEP increased (+24.5%) without any significant changes in EF and mVcf. Plasma renin activity also slightly increased (+17.8%). Thus, prazosin possesses sustained nitroprusside-like actions, and is effective in the management of chronic congestive heart failure refractory to conventional therapy. While, further investigation is necessary to define the effect of prazosin on plasma renin activity. PMID- 7007696 TI - Apparent affinity changes induced by insulin of Na-K transport system in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The dependency of Na efflux on intracellular Na concentration was examined on sartorius muscles of Rana catesbeiana. In normal Ringer, the rate coefficient of 22Na efflux is nearly proportional to the internal Na concentration, i.e., Hill's coefficient in the dependency of Na efflux on internal Na concentration was around two. As long as insulin is present in the bathing solution, the rate coefficient of 22Na efflux retains the stimulated level. Insulin caused a leftward shift of the relationship between Na efflux and the logarithm of internal Na concentration, and concomitantly decreased Hill's coefficient. A model of the coupling of Na transport and hydrolysis of ATP was proposed. The theoretical relation derived from this model accounted for these findings quite satisfactorily. According to this model, insulin shifts as a cofactor the equilibrium between dephosphorylated and phosphorylated states of carriers, whose Na binding sites are not occupied by Na, toward the phosphorylated state. PMID- 7007695 TI - Effects of ouabain on Na efflux in high internal Na and insulin-preincubated muscles. AB - To gain an insight into the mechanism of stimulation by insulin of Na efflux, the effect of high concentrations of internal Na on the inhibition by ouabain of Na efflux was compared to the inhibition by ouabain of insulin-stimulated Na efflux. The rate coefficient of 22Na efflux from "high-Na" muscle exposed to ouabain was lower than that from "low-Na" muscle exposed to ouabain. Similarly, the rate of net Na loss from the "high-Na" muscle which had been exposed to ouabain was lower than that frm the "low-Na" muscle. These findings indicate that Na transport units whose internal Na-binding sites have been occupied by Na is susceptible to ouabain. The insulin-stimulated Na efflux was inhibited by ouabain to a larger extent than was the Na efflux from the control muscle, although the final level of the rate coefficient of 22Na efflux from the muscle exposed to both insulin and ouabain was not always lower than that from the muscle exposed only to ouabain. The similarity between the effects of ouabain in "high-Na" muscle and in insulin-preincubated muscle suggests that insulin increases the fraction of Na transport units whose internal Na-binding sites have been occupied by Na. PMID- 7007697 TI - Development changes in the febrile response to endotoxin in rabbit. AB - The pyrogenicity of E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) was measured at both 25 degrees C and neutral temperatures (Tn) in day -1 to adult rabbits. Intravenous injection of endotoxin (0.5 micrograms/kg) produced febrile response at Tn in day -1 rabbits, but not at 25 degrees C. A similar response was observed when endotoxin was injected s.c. (1.0 micrograms/kg) or intracisternally (0.0001 micrograms/kg). The mean magnitude of the rise of rectal temperature increased with the advance of age. Propranolol abolished the endotoxin-fever in day 3 rabbits. The inhibitory effect of propranolol was incomplete in day 14 rabbits and was not seen in day 28 rabbits. The inhibitory effect of phentolamine was not observed in day 3 and day 28 rabbits, but the blocker reduced the febrile response in day 14 rabbits. No shivering activity was evident in day 3 rabbits after injection of endotoxin. In the day 7 and 14 rabbits, shivering was less significant and of shorter duration than in the case of day 28 rabbits. The endotoxin caused no significant decrease in ear skin temperature in day 3 rabbits. A decrease in ear skin temperature was observed in rabbits older than 14 days. Thus, pyrogenic sensitivity is apparent even in day -1 rabbits. The mechanism of the heat production underlying endotoxin-fever gradually shifted from the nonshivering thermogenesis mediated by catecholamines to shivering thermogenesis during the first month of life. PMID- 7007698 TI - [Study on serotyping, phage typing and drug resistance of Serratia marcescens isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007699 TI - [Present and future in the treatment of renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007700 TI - [Study on renal transplantation. VII. Experimental study on protective effect of chlorpromazine on damage of the warm ischemic kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007701 TI - [Antimycobacterial mechanisms of activated alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007702 TI - [Passing of a great personality in nursing: death of Mrs. Seki Hora]. PMID- 7007704 TI - [Study on the social position and evaluation of the nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 7007703 TI - [Scenes associated with Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 7007705 TI - [Transition in nursing in the 30 years since the end of World War II]. PMID- 7007706 TI - [Effect of KIG polarizing mixture (potassium, insulin and glucose) on the adrenergic activity in early stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7007707 TI - Pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy. PMID- 7007708 TI - Antibody-mediated injury to proximal tubules in Heymann nephritis. AB - To evaluate the hypothesis that antibody-mediated damage to proximal tubules (PT) could be a feature of Heymann nephritis (HN), we studied the kidneys of rats in different stages of the disease by light, immunoflourescence (IF), transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The observations of morphology were correlated with titers of circulating antibodies directed against the brush border (BB) and with proteinuria. Antibody titers reached a maximum 5 to 7 weeks after immunization with Fx1A, coincident with the onset of proteinuria. IgG and C3 were deposited along the BB of PT in all animals within the first week of proteinuria. BB antibodies were present in the urine of those rats. As antibody titers declined, a decrease in the extent of in vivo IgG deposition along the BB was also noted. The results of indirect IF tests, by using BB antibodies on kidneys of rats with HN of 3 to 4 months' duration, suggested extensive loss of the BB antigen(s) from the PT. Numerous granular deposits of IgG were present along the basement membrane of PT at that time. Study of kidney histology revealed that deposition of IgG and C3 along the BB of PT was associated with extensive loss of microvilli, as well as degeneration and proliferation of PT cells. Subepithelial electron-dense deposits were present along the basement membrane of PT. In rats with HN of more than 4 months' duration, with little or no circulating BB antibodies and persistent proteinuria, IgG and C3 were found in minimal amounts along BB. Examination by light and electron microscopy provided evidence of partial recovery of PT lesions in those kidneys. Rats with similar proteinuria resulting from chronic serum sickness did not have similar abnormalities of PT. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that, in rats with HN, BB antibodies induce cytotoxic injury to PT. PMID- 7007709 TI - Role of sympathetic nerve inhibition and body sodium-volume state in the antihypertensive action of clonidine in essential hypertension. AB - A simultaneous analysis of the interrelationships between mean blood pressure (MBP), plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, exchangeable body sodium, and blood volume was carried out before and after acute and chronic administration of clonidine in 15 patients with essential hypertension, in order to further elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of this drug. After a single oral dose of 200 microgram, clonidine produced a significant fall in MBP, heart rate, plasma norepinephrine (NE), PRA, and aldosterone. There were significant correlations (P < 0.01) between NE and MBP, but not between PRA or aldosterone and MBP both before and after the ingestion of clonidine. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between the magnitude of fall of plasma NE and change in MBP. After 6 weeks of treatment, conidine at a dose of 960 +/- 80 microgram/day produced a significant decrement in MBP and NE, but not in PRA and aldosterone; with upright posture, the magnitude of the fall in MBP was significantly greater (P < 0.01), and the rise in plasma NE was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) after chronic clonidine treatment. There was also a significant fall (P < 0.01) in exchangeable sodium and plasma volume. The data provide evidence that inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by clonidine plays a major role and that the decrease in exchangeable body sodium and blood volume after chronic treatment may contribute to the antihypertensive action of the drug. PMID- 7007711 TI - Nephrotoxicity of urographic radiocontrast drugs. PMID- 7007710 TI - Kidney transplant nephrotic syndrome: relationship between allograft histopathology and natural course. AB - We analyzed clinical and pathologic data from 36 recipients of 38 renal allografts who developed nephrotic syndrome following transplantation. Three groups were identified on the basis of histologic changes in the graft, and each group had a distinct clinical course. Nine grafts (23.7%) had recurrent glomerulonephritis (GN) (5 membrano-proliferative, 4 focal glomerulosclerosis) and developed nephrotic syndrome at 5.1 months (mean) posttransplant. Renal function deteriorated rapidly, with a 2-year graft survival of 29.7%. Four grafts (10.5%) with de novo GN (3 epimembranous, 1 minimal change) developed nephrotic syndrome at 32 months posttransplant, and all functioned for more than 3 years. Twenty-five grafts (65.8%) had allograft glomerulopathy with the onset of nephrotic syndrome at 9.1 months posttransplant and a 2-year graft survival of 66.6%. The differences in duratin of graft function between grafts with allograft glomerulopathy and recurrent GN (P < 0.01) and in graft survival rates at 2 years among the three groups (P < 0.05) are statistically significant. This analysis indicates that allograft glomerulopathy is the most common cause of kidney transplant nephrotic syndrome. Membranoproliferative GN and focal glomerulosclerosis may recur soon after transplantation and rapidly progress to renal failure in marked contrast to grafts with either de novo epimembranous nephropathy or minimal glomerular change, lesions that are compatible with prolonged graft function. PMID- 7007712 TI - Mechanisms in the development of analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7007713 TI - Renal effects of drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7007714 TI - [Strangulation syndrome after operations on the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7007715 TI - [Efficient approach to the use of metal screws and screws made of xenogeneic bone tissue in oblique and spiral tibial fractures]. PMID- 7007716 TI - [Seduxen ataralgesia in high surgical-risk patients]. PMID- 7007718 TI - [Surgical procedure and lethality in acute cholecystitis (a review of the literature]. PMID- 7007717 TI - [Use of baralgin in combination with nitrous oxide for anesthesia in arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 7007719 TI - [Choice of the method in choledochotomy]. PMID- 7007720 TI - Rare forms of renal hypertension. PMID- 7007721 TI - Naturally acquired infections of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Wistar rats. AB - Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from lesions in 2 dead and 82 ill animals in a breeding colony of 2300 Wistar rats. The clinical signs were unilaterial and bilateral fluctuating masses in the cervical and inguinal areas, and focal cutaneous ulcers in the ventral neck. Cervical and inguinal lymphadenitis with abscess formation were found on microscopic examination. Lesions also occurred in visceral organs. Although characteristic of the natural infection in most species, no respiratory lesions were seen in this epizootic episode. A capsular serotype 5 K. pneumoniae which did not utilize malonate was the only bacterial strain cultured from the lesions, but other K. pneumoniae strains that utilized malonate and were untypable by capsular serology were cultured from throats and faeces. 30% (6/20) of asymptomatic animals tested had both types of K. pneumoniae in their faeces. PMID- 7007722 TI - Prevalence of rickettsial antibody and cell-mediated reaction in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Serologic studies on feral, colony-held cynomolgus monkeys indicated that 61% reacted to Coxiella burnetii antigens, and 36% reacted to Rickettsia conorii antigens. The results suggest that a high percentage of cynomolgus monkeys have been exposed to these organisms. PMID- 7007723 TI - Skin adnexa in leprosy and their role in the dissemination of M. leprae. AB - Skin biopsies from twenty patients each of tuberculoid, border-line and lepromatous leprosy were studied with a view to find out the presence of bacilli in sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and arrector pili muscles and also the pattern of destruction of these tissues by leprous granuloma. M. leprae are found in large numbers in sweat glands, sweat ducts, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and arrector pili muscles. Further in lepromatous leprosy the granulomas mainly surround the skin adnexa which atrophy due to pressure by the granuloma. However in tuberculoid leprosy the inflammatory cells infiltrate the adnexal tissues and destroy them. This study confirms that M. leprae are discharged and disseminated through sweat and sebaceous secretions and therefore infection through skin to skin contact can be one of the common modes of transmission of the disease. PMID- 7007724 TI - Cultivable precursors of Mycobacterium leprae. AB - During attempts at test tube culture of M. leprae in our laboratory we have repeatedly isolated a non-acid fast, coccoid organism from lepromatous tissue and skin smears (Chatterjee, 1976). These organisms show a tendency to generate acid fast mycobacteria in test tube passages and in mice experimentally infected with these organisms, and a number of stable, pigmented mycobacterial cultures have been obtained from them that are being maintained in test tube media. In the first report cited above it was postulated that these coccoid organisms of leprous origin were a cultivable precursor phase of the non-cultivable M. leprae, and further that M. leprae was a pleomorphic organism that has a cultivable non mycobacterial phase (Chatterjee, 1978). Since these reports, further studies have been made on these precursor organisms, as well as mycobacteria that either grew out of the coccoid precursors, or isolated in pure culture form lepromatous tissues and appeared to be identical. This paper deals with the biochemical and drug sensitivity patterns, and infectivity in experimentally inoculated mice, of a few of these non-acid fast coccoid strains, and their mycobacterial progenies, i.e, mycobacterial converts from the coccoids, and a few mycobacterial strains isolated straight away from lepromatous nodules that showed quite identical characteristics. PMID- 7007726 TI - Third annual report of the UNDP/World Bank/who special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. PMID- 7007727 TI - The molecular basis of malabsorption. PMID- 7007725 TI - Choice of skin slit smears for study of bacterial and morphological indices. AB - Skin slit smears of 46 patients of lepromatous leprosy (16 untreated, 30 long treated) were studied from ear lobules, fingers, elbows and knees. In untreated patients ear lobules gave highest BI, as compared to other sites. MI from ear lobules was higher than elbows and knees but slightly lower than that from fingers. In treated patients sites other than ear lobules yielded solid staining bacilli more frequently. Multiple sites and especially peripheral sites are recommended for study of skin slit smears to discover persistent bacilli. PMID- 7007728 TI - Clinical applications of the paraplegic swivel walker. AB - An account is given of ten years experience of swivel walkers in 135 paraplegics of all ages and types. The majority of patients were victims of spinal bifida. Reference is made to the importance of engineering design and proper maintenance of the orthosis. The degree to which the device is utilized is discussed and the particular value it has in young children is stressed. Further developments, especially those which satisfy the increasing demand for the device for adult use are mentioned, notably those needed to simplify the problems of transfer into and from the device. PMID- 7007729 TI - Lung injury and lung lysosomal enzyme release during endotoxemia. PMID- 7007730 TI - Studies of peritoneal phagocytes as therapy for fecal peritonitis. PMID- 7007732 TI - A method for the study of steady-state kinetics in cell suspensions. Evaluation of estrogen metabolism in HEC-1B cells. PMID- 7007731 TI - Organ preservation. I. Kidney and pancreas. PMID- 7007733 TI - The aromatization of androstenedione by human adipose and liver tissue. PMID- 7007735 TI - Production rates and metabolism of sulphates of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane derivatives in pregnant women. PMID- 7007734 TI - In vivo utilization of cholesteryl esters in low density lipoprotein for steroidogenesis in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7007736 TI - On the mathematics of tracer kinetics when pools are not in steady-state. PMID- 7007737 TI - 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in feedback between gonads and hypothalamo-pituitary system of male rats. PMID- 7007738 TI - Biochemical properties of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors. PMID- 7007739 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and chordoma. AB - An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used in an attempt to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 17 well-differentiated colonic adenocarcinomas, five osteosarcomas, and four chordomas. Fifteen of the adenocarcinomas were positive, and five of them had been fixed and embedded in 1952 and one in 1942. Two other adenocarcinomas from 1942 were not positive. CEA was not demonstrated in any of the osteosarcomas or chordomas. PMID- 7007740 TI - Tissue isoantigens A, B, and H in carcinoma of the cervix uteri: their clinical significance. AB - A specific red cell adhesion test was done in 243 patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri and showed the presence of isoantigens in only 27.16% of the patients with infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma. There was a gradual loss of isoantigens during the development of carcinoma. The test can be usefully employed in studying the evolution of the disease. The negativity of the test was found to increase as clinical severity of the disease increases. Also, the highest percentage (57.57%) of retained isoantigen was found in large-cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma, a well-differentiated type for the cervix. Follow-up studies suggest that the loss of antigen indicates probably metastasis and a poor prognosis. PMID- 7007741 TI - Transcultural use of narcotic water lilies in ancient Egyptian and Maya drug ritual. AB - Comparisons are made between ancient ritual uses of the flowers of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) in Maya and Egyptian civilizations. Recurrent motifs encountered in the art of both of these ancient civilizations suggests that the role fo the water lily was that of a narcotic (psychodysleptic) used to mediate ecstasis among a priestly caste. Relevant literature is reviewed as are chemical data. Elements in the complex belief systems of these two civilizations need to be reinterpreted in view of the use of two water lilies as ritual narcotics. The species implicated are Nymphaea caerulea Sav., in Egypt, and N. ampla DC., among the Maya. PMID- 7007742 TI - Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Review of thirteen years' experience. AB - A review of the treatment of esophageal atresia (EA) was undertaken to examine current methods of management and to ascertain the influence of prematurity and associated medical defects on survival. One hundred patients with EA presented at The Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, between 1967 and 1979. Eighty-two percent had a blind proximal esophageal pouch and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Ninety-two patients were initially treated by gastrostomy. Fifty-nine patients were born at term and had no major medical problems. They underwent either primary or delayed (up to 1 week) repair of the esophagus. The survival rate was 93% and surgical mortality was 3%. Twenty-two patients born prematurely or having major medical problems underwent a staged repair. Survival in the staged group was 55% with a surgical mortality of 27%. Overall survival for the entire series was 79% (79/100). The use of air rather than contrast material for the radiographic diagnosis of EA was associated with fewer subsequent pulmonary abnormalities. There was an 18% incidence of minor anastomotic leaks, regardless of technique. The route of approach (transpleural, retropleural) did not influence mortality or morbidity in this series. There were more than three times as many significant strictures among patients who had double-layer anastomoses (18%) as among those who had single-layer repairs (5%). The surgical treatment of infants with EA has reached a level in which associated illness, anomalies, or prematurity are now the most significant determinants of survival. PMID- 7007744 TI - The present status of heterotopic cardiac transplantation. AB - In the period November, 1974 to May, 1980, 30 patients underwent heterotopic heart transplantation at Groote Schuur Hospital. One patient subsequently underwent retransplantation for rejection. There were no operative deaths. Fifteen patients are alive 4 months to almost 5 1/2 years after transplantation. The 1 year survival rate has been 61%. Three of six patients have survived for more than 4 years. Eight of nine patients whose initial transplant operation was performed during the past 18 months remain alive. Seven patients died from infection, five from rejection, and three from other causes. The advantages of heterotopic over orthotopic heart transplantation, in particular in allowing patients survival even after graft destruction by irreversible rejection, are discussed. PMID- 7007745 TI - [Life science. 5. Progress in medical research]. PMID- 7007747 TI - Surgical treatment of obesity. PMID- 7007743 TI - Hypertension after coronary operation. Can it be prevented by pulsatile perfusion? AB - Nonpulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated as a causative factor of postoperative hypertension. In a consecutive series, patients undergoing coronary bypass were selected for perfusion with either nonpulsatile flow (American Optical roller pump) or pulsatile flow (Desjardin's modification of the roller pump). The incidence of postoperative hypertension and the levels of peripheral renin were noted. No differences could be observed in renin activity, with either modality of perfusion, before CPB, after 30 minutes of stable CPB, or 2 hours postoperatively. Hypertension, necessitating treatment, occurred in 60% of the patients having pulsatile and 68% of those having nonpulsatile perfusion (p less than 0.05). Although pulsatile CPB would appear to be more physiological than nonpulsatile perfusion, this method of creating pulsatile flow does not appear to eliminate postoperative hypertension. PMID- 7007748 TI - Antithrombotic therapy: role of platelet-inhibitor drugs. I. Current concepts of thrombogenesis: role of platelets. (first of three parts). AB - Definite evidence has confirmed that platelets play a major role in thrombus formation and embolization, especially in the arterial system. In addition, increasing evidence has now shown that platelet deposition and thrombus formation can contribute to the growth and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. For these reasons, considerable attention has been focused recently on the question of whether drugs that inhibit certain platelet functions can prevent or modify the course of arterial thromboembolic disease and atherosclerotic disease in humans. In this first part, we review the current understanding of the role of platelets in thrombus formation, especially in the arterial system. This section comprises (1) the phases of arterial thrombus formation and its ultrastructural and biochemical basis, (2) the clinicopathologic presentation and fate of the arterial thrombus, and (3) the role of laboratory tests in its detection. PMID- 7007746 TI - Isolated type II cells from fetal lung as model in studies on the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 7007751 TI - Historical data, Maryland State Department of Health, 1899-1932. PMID- 7007750 TI - Dr. Ted Patterson:: civic leader and good neighbor. PMID- 7007749 TI - Orthostatic hypotension. AB - This article reviews the physiology and pathology of orthostatic blood pressure regulation. It describes the diverse clinical disorders of postural blood pressure adjustment, focusing attention on idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and the Shy-Drager syndrome, with emphasis on clinical aspects, pharmacology, and pathologic anatomy. Proposals are made for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with orthostatic hypotension and for steps to be taken in therapeutic management. PMID- 7007752 TI - [Use of oxprenolol, triamterene, and dihydralazine in the treatment of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7007753 TI - Static and dynamic foot-pressure measurements in clinical orthopaedics. PMID- 7007754 TI - Children's utilization of medical care. AB - Children's utilization of medical care remains unequal even after the implementation of policies such as Medicaid and Neighborhood Health Centers. Children in lower-income areas or from larger families are less likely to see a provider over a 1-year period. Sharper differences are found when one analyzes the type of providers used. Here income, race, marital status, family type, type of insurance coverage and community characteristics are all associated with type of provider used. Children to whom more resources are available (in terms of income, parents' time, community income and insurance) appear more likely than other children to use what is traditionally termed higher-quality care. The fact that the data used are from a community with generous Medicaid benefits and a university-sponsored pediatric project suggests that inequalities in utilization continue to exist even after substantial government intervention. PMID- 7007756 TI - [Disorders of potassium metabolism I]. PMID- 7007755 TI - [Treatment of acute brucellosis with cotrimoxazole, doxicyclin and streptomycin. A comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - Human brucellosis can be managed with different therapeutic measures. The present study compares the therapeutic efficacy of the classical treatment with streptomycin, doxicyclin and cotrimoxazole, every one of the treatment regimes being applied to 19 patients with acute brucellosis. The results do not demonstrate an advantage of the new association over the classical treatment. Relapses, time elapsed until the patient was afebrile and drug tolerance were similar for both treatments. The classical treatment has a lower cost but the new association implies more patient comfort because the number of pills to be ingested daily is reduced to less than half, a fact that could make it the treatment of choice. PMID- 7007758 TI - Rehabilitation yesterday and today. PMID- 7007757 TI - Transmissible agents in inflammatory bowel disease: 1980. PMID- 7007759 TI - Obituary: the passing of an era (Georgina McCready). PMID- 7007760 TI - Looking back: 'A psychological problem.'. PMID- 7007761 TI - Biochemical and cytogenetic techniques for the study of communication disorders. AB - At least 30 to 40% of all childhood communication disorders are thought to be genetic in etiology. These range from well-defined entities such as the Treacher Collins and Waardenburg syndromes to such a poorly delineated problem as reading disability. Genetics, in the past, has proved to be a powerful tool in predicting families at risk for having a child with a serious disorder. New techniques in biochemical and cytogenetics are now making feasible the early detection of individuals at high risk for developing certain disorders with the implied potential for prevention or amelioration of the resultant disability through early intervention. PMID- 7007764 TI - Mentoplasty--a clinical analysis of alloplastic implants. AB - Different types of alloplastic implants are currently being utilized in performing mentoplasty. A review of the literature points out the number of prostheses that have been used. Each type of material has inherit physical properties which determine its characteristics for use as a chin implant. The type of implant and method selected in chin augmentation depends upon accurate preoperative evaluation and full understanding of the properties of alloplastic substances. Five hundred and thirty-nine cases of chin augmentation utilizing different materials and methods were reviewed over a nine year period. The limitations of mentoplasty as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and in selected cases, the indications for the use of a particular implant are discussed. PMID- 7007763 TI - Posterior packs and the nasopulmonary reflex. AB - Increased mortality and arterial hypoxemia have long been associated with posterior nasal packs placed for control of severe epistaxis. Several authors have postulated a nasopulmonary reflex to partially explain this clinically observed phenomenon. In ten young, healthy subjects, using a multiparameter pulmonary evaluation, posterior nasal packs were placed and no significant changes were observed in lung volumes, flow and alveolar gas exchange, especially oxygenation. These findings suggest that aspiration, sedation, and degeneration of pulmonary function with age, not a nasopulmonary reflex, have not been adequately emphasized in previously performed studies. PMID- 7007762 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cholesteatoma. AB - Cholesteatoma specimens were obtained from 28 patients undergoing surgery for chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. All specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Bacterial growth was present in specimens of 24 of the 28 patients. A total of 74 bacterial isolates were present (40 aerobes and 34 anaerobes). Aerobes alone were isolated from 8 (33%) of culture positive patients, 4 patients (26.7%) yielded only anaerobes, and 12 (50%) had both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Fifty isolates (27 aerobes and 23 aerobes) were present in a concentration greater than 10(6) CFU/gm. The most commonly isolated aerobic organisms were P. aeruginosa (9), Proteus sp. (7), K. pneumoniae (5), S. aureus (5), and E. coli (4). The anaerobic bacteria most commonly isolated were gram-positive anaerobic cocci (12), Bacteroides sp. (12, including 5 B. fragilis group), Clostridium sp. (3), and Bifidobacterium sp. (3). The above findings indicate the polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cholesteatoma. PMID- 7007766 TI - The Marchoux Institute. PMID- 7007767 TI - Leprosy in the Seychelles. PMID- 7007768 TI - Demonstration of antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae both in immunoglobulin G and M in sera from pregnant and non-pregnant lepromatous leprosy patients. PMID- 7007765 TI - Local immune system in the developing fetal larynx. AB - Using histopathological and immunofluorescent techniques, we investigated the development of the glandular system of the larynx from 12 human fetuses. Glandular buds were first observed at the fourth month of gestation and glandular distribution became evident from the fifth month in the larynx. Ciliated or nonciliated epithelium covered the cavity of the larynx, with the exception of the true vocal cord. Immunofluorescent examination revealed the presence of IgG in the fetal larynx, but there was little fluorescence for IgA, IgM and IgE. Secretory component (SC) synthesis, on the other hand, was found in each serous type glandular epithelium or acinus from the fourth month on. Our observations suggest that the local immune system by SC, which binds to IgA as SIgA in human laryngeal mucosa, is inherently acquired in the fetal larynx. PMID- 7007769 TI - In vivo effects of propranolol on some cellular and humoral immune functions in a group of patients with lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7007770 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007771 TI - [Did the Zagreb surgeon Dragutin Schwarz perform the first nephrectomy in Croatia? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007772 TI - [Histology and embryology in the work of Dr. Ante Schwarz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007773 TI - [Advice to the physician of insulin-deficient diabetic patient (excluding coma and pregnancy)]. PMID- 7007774 TI - [Respiratory system and noxa (II). Thematic research coordinated during the decade 1971-1980]. PMID- 7007775 TI - Digitalis cardiotoxicity revisited. PMID- 7007776 TI - The secretion and metabolic clearance rates of growth hormone, insulin and prolactin in high- and low-yielding cattle at four stages of lactation. PMID- 7007777 TI - [Use of a gamma counter for assessing myocardial contractile capacity]. PMID- 7007778 TI - [Automatic analysis-based scintigram classification]. PMID- 7007780 TI - [Analog data processing methods for dynamic radionuclide studies]. PMID- 7007781 TI - [Quantitative indices in radionuclide visualization of the pancreas]. PMID- 7007779 TI - [Potentials of radionuclide lung studies]. PMID- 7007782 TI - [Changes in the calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and iron content in the body with tumors]. PMID- 7007783 TI - [Famous Bolshevik Red Guard nurses]. PMID- 7007784 TI - [Sampling material for bacteriological study]. PMID- 7007785 TI - [Red Army nurses at the fronts in the civil war]. PMID- 7007786 TI - [P. P. Gubina]. PMID- 7007787 TI - [L. A. Tarasevich]. PMID- 7007788 TI - ["Private homes for the insane" in Milan in 1846. Marginal note on certain documents]. PMID- 7007790 TI - [Clinical study of the interaction between prajmalium bitartrate and beta methyldigoxin]. PMID- 7007789 TI - [Bone diseases in uremia]. PMID- 7007792 TI - [Urological problems in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7007791 TI - [Sir Alexander Fleming--on the 25th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7007793 TI - [Philibert-Joseph Roux on his 200th birthday]. PMID- 7007794 TI - [Reduction plastic surgery of the breast. I. Histological and development tendencies]. PMID- 7007795 TI - [Reductive breast surgery. II. Development trends (1926-1950)]. PMID- 7007797 TI - [Cancer as a psychological problem]. PMID- 7007796 TI - [Current significance of juvenile salmonella infections]. PMID- 7007798 TI - [Phillipe Pinel's ideas on the freeing of the insane and their relatization in the northern German region at the beginning of the 19th century]. PMID- 7007800 TI - Insulin resistance in the aged: the role of the peripheral insulin receptors. AB - In the healthy subject, glucose tolerance tends to decrease with age due to impaired insulin secretion and/or decreased peripheral insulin activity. An oral glucose (100 g) tolerance test was performed on 12 aged (70 +/- 4 yr) and 8 young (32 +/- 7 yr) subjects; these subjects underwent laparatomy for cholecystectomy or the management of abdominal diseases. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was removed during surgery and fat cells, prepared according to a personal modification of Rodbell's method, were incubated in a medium containing monoiodo- and cold insulin to evaluate insulin binding and affinity constants. The results of the tolerance test pointed to an insulin resistant state i.e., impaired glucose tolerance coupled with normal plasma insulin, as previously shown also by us using other methods in the aged subject. The binding study demonstrates a distinct insulin receptor decrease in fat cells from the older subjects (185,000 +/- 19,200 as opposed to 310,000 +/- 12,000), without any change in affinity constants. The result indicates that insulin resistance in the aged may be attributed at least in part to a reduction in the number of insulin receptors on the target cells. This could be a consequence of aging itself, as proposed by other workers in the case of old fat rats. PMID- 7007803 TI - Acute hypoglycemia in man: neural control of pancreatic islet cell function. AB - Acute hypoglycemia is associated with stimulation of the pancreatic alpha cells and a concurrent, prolonged suppression of insulin secretion by the beta cells. The islets receive a rich autonomic innervation and may therefore be subject to control by adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms. The role of such neuroregulation of pancreatic islets in response to hypoglycemia has been examined in normal subjects, in subjects with a preganglionic sympathectomy due to traumatic tetraplegia, and in tetraplegic subjects given atropine to induce effective dual autonomic denervation. The normal rise of plasma norepinephrine following hypoglycemia was absent in both groups of tetraplegic subjects, providing evidence of a complete sympathectomy. Blood glucose recovery was significantly impaired only in the group of tetraplegic patients given atropine. Changes in plasma C-terminal glucagon-like immunoreactivity (C-GLI) and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) following hypoglycemia were commensurate with blood glucose levels and were not significantly influenced by islet denervation. These observations suggest that neuroregulation of human islet cell function in response to hypoglycemia may be of limited importance and that stimulation of glucagon secretion may occur independent of cholinergic vagal control. PMID- 7007805 TI - Effect of a 3-day fast on glucose storage and oxidation in obese hyperinsulinemic diabetics. PMID- 7007802 TI - The kinetics of peritoneal insulin absorption. AB - This study examined the relationship between the delivery of insulin into the peritoneal space and its absorption into the peripheral circulation. Studies were performed in conscious dogs receiving somatostatin (5.0 microgram/min) to suppress endogenous insulin secretion, and intravenous glucose (50 mg/min) to prevent hypoglycemia. The biologic effectiveness of the absorbed insulin was determined by its hypoglycemic effect. The possibility of direct absorption of insulin into the portal circulation from the peritoneal space in anesthetized, portal vein-catheterized dogs was examined with radiolabeled I125 insulin. Our results suggest that absorption of insulin from the peritoneal space is volume, concentration, and time-dependent. Maximal absorption of insulin was observed at 50 min when 1.92 U of insulin in a volume of 3 ml was infused intraperitoneally over 30 min. More rapid absorption was observed at 30 min when this quantity of insulin was given in a 1-min intraperitoneal bolus, compared to 30 min of intraperitoneal infusion. Least rapid absorption of insulin followed the delivery of 1.92 U of insulin in a volume of 15 ml. Intermediate absorption of insulin was observed at 40 min when the 1.92 U was delivered in a volume of 0.6 ml. Peripheral intravenous insulin delivery of 1.92 U reached a maximal plasma concentration at 20 min, which was more than three times the concentration observed with intraperitoneal insulin. Isotopic tracer studies, in which radioiodinated insulin was placed into the peritoneal space in anesthetized dogs, demonstrated greater radioactivity in the portal vein than in the aorta throughout a 30-min observation period. These studies demonstrate that intraperitoneal administration of insulin results in absorption of insulin which is volume, concentration, and time-dependent. Thus, the peritoneal space may be an appropriate site for insulin delivery through a transcutaneous catheter. PMID- 7007806 TI - Fat mobilization and plasma hormone levels in fasted dogs. PMID- 7007804 TI - Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion, very low density lipoprotein kinetics, and plasma triglyceride levels in normotriglyceridemic man. AB - We have previously postulated that resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake was the basic metabolic abnormality in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. In this situation, glucose tolerance would tend to deteriorate, and could only be maintained by the increased secretion of insulin. Although the ensuing hyperinsulinemia might prevent the development of glucose intolerance, we suggested that it would also lead to increased hepatic very low density (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) synthesis and secretion. In the current study we have quantified these four metabolic variables in 16 nonobese human subjects with plasma TG concentrations less than 175 mg/dl. The results demonstrate the following degree of correlation: insulin resistance (Formula: see text) insulin response to food (Formula: see text) VLDL-TG secretion rate (Formula: see text) plasma TG concentration. These data indicate that nonobese subjects with normal TG levels have the same relationship between degree of insulin sensitivity, insulin response to food, VLDL-TG secretion, and TG concentration previously described in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7007801 TI - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the New Zealand white rabbit: physiologic characteristics. AB - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been observed in a female New Zealand white rabbit. By inbreeding of this individual and her offspring, 39 litters comprising 157 animals have been studied and a closed colony of diabetic rabbits established. Three groups of animals can be identified. Twenty-nine (19%) have overt diabetes characterized by fasting hyperglycemia and depressed intravenous glucose stimulated serum insulin levels. This abnormality is seen between 1 and 3 yr of life. Forty-three of the animals (27%) have developed abnormal glucose disposal with normal or slight elevations in fasting serum glucose levels. Glucose stimulated insulin levels are also significantly lower in the rabbits with abnormal glucose disposal. The remaining 85 animals (54%) exhibit no apparent abnormalities of glucose metabolism. All animals with overt diabetes pass through a stage in which glucose disposal as measured by k values is less than 1.0, a value not observed in normal animals. Fasting and arginine stimulated glucagon levels were no different in 4 diabetic animals and 7 normal colony rabbits. Insulin therapy corrected the hyperglycemia in the diabetic rabbits. Insulin was withheld in 5 diabetic rabbits and serum and urinary glucose and ketones were measured for 9 days. Despite marked increases in serum and urinary glucose, only mild ketonemia was observed. The relatively late onset of diabetic symptoms, lack of obesity, severe hyperglycemia, and depressed insulin secretion without ketoacidosis make this a model with many of the characteristics of insulin responsive diabetes as seen in nonobese human adults. PMID- 7007799 TI - Determinants of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin secretion. AB - The plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP), insulin, and glucose were measured in 5 dogs after administration of various constituents of food. IR-GIP responses produced by galactose and fructose were minimal compared to those of glucose. Corn starch caused a significant early increase in insulin and glucose concentrations, although the rise in IR-GIP was delayed. The responses after starch were delayed, possibly due to the necessity for hydrolytic cleavage. Neither individual fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, and linoleic), monoolein, nor glycerol produced increases in IR-GIP comparable to those observed with lesser amounts (on a molar basis) of corn oil alone. None of four amino acids tested orally (arginine, leucine, alanine, and phenylalanine) caused increases in IR-GIP concentrations, but they increased insulin concentrations. Although glucose-induced IR-GIP responses were not inhibited by the amino acids (1 g/kg) tested, increasing concentrations (up to 1 g/kg) of either alanine or arginine caused progressive inhibition of corn-oil-stimulated IR-GIP responses, in spite of the expected amino-acid-induced rises in insulin concentrations. These results confirm the specificity of the IR-GIP secretory response for glucose and triglyceride, and suggest that certain food constituents (such as amino acids) may modify the GIP secretory response to a meal. PMID- 7007807 TI - Studies of ribosomal proteins of yeast species and their hybrids: gel electrophoresis and immunochemical cross-reactions. AB - The cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) of seventeen yeast species of the genera Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces were analyzed by one-dimensional gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The electrophoretic patterns of cytoplasmic r-proteins from different species display extensive differences in both the 40S and the 60S subunit. Relatedness of species suggested by r-protein patterns correlates well with that based on DNA/DNA homology (Bicknell and Douglas 1970). Immunochemical cross-reactions and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also used to compare different species. Analyses of r-proteins from two different interspecific hybrids showed that their ribosomes were hybrid, containing r-proteins from both parents. These findings are discussed in relation to the evolution of yeast species and the regulation of expression of r-proteins in eucaryotes. PMID- 7007810 TI - Altered regulation of the recA gene in Escherichia coli strains carrying a recA linked suppressor of lexA. AB - A mutant strain of E. coli displaying altered regulation of the recA gene was isolated as a revertant of a lexA3 recA200 double mutant which showed improved DNA repair and recombination functions. The mutant (alc-24) was located between srl and recA200 and caused synthesis of high levels of recA protein in both lexA+ and lexA3 strains. The possibility that alc-24 defines the regulatory site for recA is discussed. PMID- 7007808 TI - A second purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Escherichia coli K-12. I. Xanthosine phosphorylase regulatory mutants isolated as secondary-site revertants of a deoD mutant. PMID- 7007809 TI - A second purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Escherichia coli K-12. II. Properties of xanthosine phosphorylase and its induction by xanthosine. AB - The presence of a second purine nucleoside phosphorylase in wild-type strains of E. coli K-12 after growth on xanthosine has been demonstrated. Like other purine nucleoside phosphorylase it is able to carry out both phosphorylosis and synthesis of purine deoxy- and ribonucleosides whilst pyrimidine nucleosides cannot act as substrates. In contrast to the well characterised purine nucleoside phosphorylase of E. coli K-12 (encoded by the deoD gene) this new enzyme could act on xanthosine and is hence called xanthosine phosphorylase. Studies of its substrate specificity showed that xanthosine phosphorylase, like the mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylases, has no activity towards adenine and the corresponding nucleosides. Determinations of Km and gel filtration behaviour was carried out on crude dialysed extracts. The presence of xanthosine phosphorylase enables E. coli to grow on xanthosine as carbon source. Xanthosine was the only compound found which induce xanthosine phosphorylase. No other known nucleoside catabolising enzyme was induced by xanthosine. The implications of non-linear induction kinetics of xanthosine phosphorylase is discussed. PMID- 7007811 TI - Immunological and genetic properties of Escherichia coli K12 argE mutants. AB - CRM+ nonsense mutations, as described for E. coli K12 lacZ, in theory permit determination of the direction of transcription of an isolated gene. In the hope of utilising this approach to confirm that the E gene of the E. coli K12 argECBH cluster is transcribed in the opposite direction from the CBH unit, 30 argE mutations were investigated immunologically and genetically. Only three, E1, E25 and E26 (which map close together towards the left-hand end of the gene), were found to be CRM+. Co-suppression of each argE mutation with known strongly polar lacZ amber, ochre and UGA mutations was looked for to distinguish missfense from nonsense argE's, Arg+ revertants being screened for Lac+ and Mel+ phenotypes. Of 16 mutations not hitherto characterised as nonsense, frameshift or large deletions, only three, E1, E25 and E26, appeared to be missense. Three of the nonsense mutations were also streptomycin suppressible. It appears, therefore, that among argE mutants so far studied the correlation between CRM+ and missense is complete, so that the projected method for determining the direction of transcription of argE could not be applied. PMID- 7007812 TI - Amber mutations in the structural gene for RNA polymerase sigma factor of Escherichia coli. AB - Amber mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 affected in the structural gene (rpoD) for the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase have been obtained from a strain harboring a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor (supF-Ts6) which is active only at low temperatures. These mutants grow normally at low temperature (30 degrees C) but do not grow at high temperature (42 degrees C) due to the inability to synthesize sigma factor. In one mutant studied in detail (rpoD40), the rate of sigma-factor synthesis at 30 degrees C is about half that of the wild type and is decreased to 10%-15% within 1 h of incubation at 42 degrees C. The synthesis of core polymerase subunits or bulk protein is virtually unaffected at least for 2 h. The defect of the mutant in sigma synthesis and growth at high temperature can be suppressed by any of the amber suppressors tested (supD. supE or supF). RNA polymerase holoenzymes prepared from the mutant cells carrying each of the suppressors (grown at 42 degrees C) exhibit different thermostabilities attributable to alterations in the sigma factor. The reduced sigma synthesis in the mutant is accompanied by the synthesis of polypeptide tentatively identified as 'amber fragment'. These results as well as the genetic mapping data indicate that the amber mutation (rpoD40) resides within the structural gene for the sigma factor and directly affects sigma synthesis upon inactivation of the suppressor at high temperature. PMID- 7007813 TI - Depression of alkaline phosphatase in Hfr of Escherichia coli during conjugation. AB - In a mating mixture of Hfr and F- bacteria the gene for alkaline phosphatase undergoes a transient derepression at the time of transfer. It is shown that this escape from repression occurs in the donor cells and is probably connected with the synchronous duplication of the transferred genome. PMID- 7007815 TI - cur-1, a mutation affecting a phenotype of sup+ strains of Escherichia coli. AB - cur-1, a mutation found in many strains of the Y10 line of Escherichia coli K-12, but not previously described, maps at 27 min, close to galU. cur-1 causes mucoidity or uracil requirement at 29 degree C depending on the genetic background. These phenotypes are suppressed by amber codon suppressors. PMID- 7007814 TI - Cold-sensitive mutations in beta and beta' subunit gene affecting the interaction of RNA polymerase with promoters. AB - RNA polymerases with a cold-sensitive activity were purified from seven mutants of Escherichia coli. Subunit reconstitution experiments have shown that RNA polymerases from three mutants (Rpob262, RpoB264, and RpoB265) owed their cold sensitivity to alterations in the beta subunit. Three mutants (RpoC3, RpoC263, and RpoC267) were shown to be defective in the beta' subunit and one (RpoBC266) in both beta and beta' subunits. Two mutations (rpoC3 and rpoC263) reduced the level of RNA polymerase reconstitution. RNA polymerases from RpoC3 and RpoBC266 mutants are defective in RNA chain elongation at 6 degree C, while all the other mutants are defective in RNA polymerase-promoter interaction. most mutant RNA polymerases differ from the wild-type enzyme in transcription selectivity. The results obtained in this study indicate that both beta and beta' subunits are involved in RNA chain elongation and promoter binding and selection. PMID- 7007816 TI - Recognition of two initiation codons for the synthesis of phage fd gene 2 protein. AB - Bacteriophage fd gene 2 protein was specifically labeled with radioactive amino acids and was isolated from membranous cell structures as an apparently homogenous protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the protein was initiated at two distinct AUG codons close to the ribosome binding site. The two resulting translation products were found to begin with a deformylated methionine residue. Initiation at the first signal was used for 90% of the chains and at the second signal for 10% of the sequenced molecules. The use of one or the other chain start may influence functions of gene 2 protein. PMID- 7007818 TI - A mutation, bsu, that suppresses temperature-sensitive dnaB function in Escherichia coli K12. AB - A mutation of Escherichia coli K12 that suppresses certain temperature-sensitive dnaB mutations was identified. The suppressor, named bsu maps very near the dnaG mutations. The bsu mutation in dnaB bacteria appears to be dominant over the wild type allele, and suppresses specifically the temperature-sensitive dnaB mutations which are revertible phenotypically when salt is present. The observed specificity in suppression suggests that the product of bsu alone cannot substitute for the defective dnaB gene products. These findings suggest strongly that gene products of bsu and dnaB interact with each other in the process of DNA replication in E. coli. PMID- 7007817 TI - Mating due to loss of surface exclusion as a cause for thermosensitive growth of bacteria containing the Rtsl plasmid. AB - At 25 degrees C, Rtsl+ bacteria grow to about 5 X 10(9) bacterial/ml before leveling off, whereas at 42 degrees C they grow from 2.6 X 10(8) bacteria/ml for only 2-3 generations after temperature shift before the growth is inhibited with a zig-zag pattern at the plateau. When diluted, Rtsl+ bacteria grow rapidly at 42 degrees C, until the concentration reaches as high as the undiluted 42 degrees C culture when growth measured by colony counts stops and the zig-zag pattern again appears. This density-dependent growth inhibition is not due to the presence of stable growth inhibitor(s). Mating experiments show that at 42 degrees C, Rtsl+ bacteria retain good donor ability; at the same time, they become good recipients in mating with Hfr (Rtsl) bacteria. SDS-PAGE reveals that membranes are altered at 42 degrees C. Examination of DNA synthesis indicates that chromosomal DNA is synthesized at both 25 degrees C and 42 degrees C at high bacterial concentration, but that of the Rtsl plasmid is slowed down at 42 degrees C. The labeling experiments suggest that in 2 h there are 2 rounds of plasmid replication at 25 degrees C, 3.5 rounds at 42 degrees C when bacteria are diluted, and 0.6 rounds at 42 degrees C when bacteria are not diluted. These results suggest that the growth inhibition of Rtsl+ bacteria at 42 degrees C is probably the consequence of mating initiated due to loss of surface exclusion. PMID- 7007820 TI - Maintenance of some ColE1-type plasmids in chemostat culture. AB - When cells carrying the plasmids RP1, pDS4101 (a ColK derivative) or pDS1109 (a ColE1 derivative) were maintained in chemostat culture in the absence of antibiotic selection, plasmid-free segregants were not detected after 120 generations of nutrient-limited growth. By contrast, plasmid-free segregants of pMB9- and pBR322-containing cells arose after approximately 30 generations, irrespective of the host genetic background. However, even though pDS1109 was maintained its copy-number fell five-fold during 80 generations of limited growth. It is suggested that loss of pBR322 occurs following a similar copy number decrease which results in defective segregation of the plasmid to daughter host cells. This defective segregation was not complemented in trans by either RP1 or pDS4101. PMID- 7007819 TI - Properties and transforming activities of two plasmids in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Two plasmids from group B streptococcus were introduced into pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) and examined for copy number, stability, and some features of the process by which they transform pneumococcal recipients. The 3.6 Mdal pMV158 (tet) was present at a minimum of 12 to 16 copies per chromosome and was never observed to be cured. The 20 Mdal pIP501 (cat erm) had a minimum copy number of 3 to 4 per chromosome and was lost spontaneously at a frequency near 0.03 per division. The presence of novobiocin increased this frequency 2 to 3 fold. Competence for chromosomal transformation and the membrane endonuclease needed for normal DNA entry were required for plasmid transformation. Plasmid transformants segregated transformed cells one generation ahead of chromosomal transformants. Both single and multiple hit components of the transformation reaction kinetics were observed, but the latter could not be seen in the presence of competing chromosomal DNA. The major of the transforming activity behaved as covalently closed circular DNA in dye-buoyancy gradients. Although most of the activity for both plasmids sedimented in sucrose gradients more rapidly than did monomeric closed circular DNA, a significant fraction was found at a position suggesting that it may have been due to monomeric plasmids. PMID- 7007821 TI - The variation in frequency with which markers are transduced by phage P1 is primarily a result of discrimination during recombination. AB - The efficiency of recovery of P1 transductants is marker dependent and normally varies over a 25-fold range. UV irradiation of either transducing lysates for recipient cells results in a selective stimulation of the transduction of markers which are normally transduced poorly. As a result the range in frequency of transduction is reduced to about 3-fold and resembles the gene frequency distribution expected in the donor cells. We conclude that P1 transducing lysates are likely to contain a random sample of donor DNA but that the recombination system of the recipient cell exhibits a preference for the DNA of some regions over that of others. Damage to DNA presumably overrides this specificity. PMID- 7007822 TI - UV-induced mitotic recombination and its dependence on photoreactivation and liquid holding in the rad6-1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Spontaneous and UV-induced mitotic recombination was compared in diploids homozygous for rad6-1 mutation and in the wild-type strain carrying heterozygous markers for detecting gene conversion (hom2-1, hom2-2) and crossing over (ade1, ade2). Diploids homozygous for rad6-1 mutation were characterised by an elevated level of spontaneous and UV-induced mitotic recombination, particularly the intergenic events. Exposure of UV-irradiated strains to visible light resulted in an increased survival and decreased level of mitotic recombination. Liquid holding (LH) differentially affected frequency of mitotic intergenic and intragenic recombination in mutant and wild-type strains, being without any significant effect on cell survival. In a mutant strain intragenic recombination is significantly increased, intergenic only slightly. In the wild-type strain intragenic recombination is slightly decreased but intergenic is not changed by LH. Visible light applied after LH had no effect on survival and mitotic recombination in the wild type, while in the mutant strain photoreactivability of survival was fully preserved and accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of intragenic and intergenic recombination. The results suggest that metabolic pathways responsible for restoring cell survival are independent of or only partly overlapping with those concerning recombination events. PMID- 7007824 TI - Mapping of a centromere-linked gene responsible for constitutive acid phosphatase synthesis in yeast. AB - From a chemostat in which the activity of acid phosphatase was limiting, a mutant with a constitutive acid phosphatase was selected. This gene (pho80) responsible for the production of a repressor was mapped 5.3 centimorgans apart from the centromere on the right arm of chromosome XV. PMID- 7007823 TI - Relation between liquid-holding recovery, DNA repair, and mitotic recombination in the rad3 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with diepoxybutane (DEB). AB - The rad3 mutant is characterized by a high level of liquid-holding recovery after DEB treatment. The recovery is abolished when the treated cells are postincubated in growth medium, but the effect can be cancelled by suppression of DNA and protein synthesis by specific inhibitors. Alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation revealed that DEB induces single strand breaks in DNA which are not repaired during post-treatment incubation in growth medium or during LH. Effective repair takes place only when LH is followed by incubation in growth medium. Split-dose treatment applied to test the possible inducibility of repair by LH did not confirm this presumption. In a diploid homozygous for rad3 mutation, DEB induces mitotic inter- and intragenic recombination with very high frequency. Liquid holding recovery (LHR) was found to be accompanied by an increase in molecular weight of DNA and by a sharp decrease in the frequency of mitotic recombination. The data suggest that recombination events are not involved in LHR pathway. PMID- 7007825 TI - Mapping of two transcription mutations (tlnI and tlnII) conferring thiolutin resistance, adjacent to dnaZ and rho in Escherichia coli. AB - Two mutations in Escherichia coli conferring resistance to the transcription initiation inhibitor, thiolutin, have been mapped. One of these mutations (tln I)( maps at 10.2 min on the genetic map and is cotransducible with dnaZ at a frequency of approximately 50%. The other mutation (tln-II) maps between metE and ilvD, probably close to rho, and is cotransducible with ilvD at a frequency of approximately 65%. The presence of both the mutations in the same cell confers resistance to thiolutin in minimal medium. Either one of them alone renders the cell 'conditionally auxotrophic' in the presence of the drug. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the mode of action of the thiolutin sensitive factors in transcription. PMID- 7007827 TI - Adjuvant action of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on antibody response. IX. Its effect on the histology of the regional lymph node and other lymphoid organs. AB - The sequence of histological changes in the regional lymph node and other lymphoid organs of mice injected with the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was followed. Injection of CPS-K, but not LPS, induced the following characteristic histological changes in the regional lymph node. In the early stage there was a marked decrease in the number of small lymphocytes, accompanied by the appearance of scattered fragmented nuclei and infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, and in the late stage there was marked proliferation of macrophage-like cells and pyroninophilic cells. Histological changes in the thymus and spleen and changes in cell populations in the bone marrow and peripheral blood after CPS-K injection were essentially the same as after LPS injection. Since CPS-K has a much stronger adjuvant action on antibody response than does LPS, it is suggested that the characteristic histological changes in the regional lymph node after injection of CPS-K are closely related to its extraordinarily strong adjuvant action. PMID- 7007828 TI - Microbial adjuvant and autoimmunity. IV. Production of lesions in the exocrine pancreas of mice by repeated injection of syngeneic pancreatic extract together with the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Definite lesions in the exocrine pancreas were produced when SMA mice were immunized eight times at intervals of 30 days with a mixture of extract of pooled pancreas from syngeneic mice and the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type I Kasuya strain (CPS-K), whereas no pancreatic lesions were produced in mice given CPS-K alone or pancreatic extract alone. The typical histological changes were characterized by infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other mononuclear cells, degeneration and lysis of the acinar cells, destruction of the lobular architecture, and replacement of fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. The endocrine islets were well preserved. No specific histological changes were produced in the organs other than the pancreas in these mice. Most of mice immunized with pancreatic extract mixed with CPS-K produced serum precipitins to syngeneic pancreatic antigens. However, severe pancreatic lesions were also produced in mice showing no definite precipitin production. PMID- 7007829 TI - [Experimental model of high-dosage immunological tolerance to Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide]. PMID- 7007826 TI - The dnaA gene product is not required during stable chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. AB - Exposure of Escherichia coli dnaA strains to UV light results in a transient resumption of chromosome replication at 42 degrees C, the temperature restrictive to these mutants. Capability of dnaA mutants to replicate DNA at 42 degrees C can be stabilized, however, when either protein or RNA synthesis is inhibited 60 min after UV irradiation. DNA synthesis proceeds for several hours under these conditions. These results indicate that dnaA dependent transcription is not involved in initiation of chromosome cycles during stable DNA synthesis. PMID- 7007835 TI - [Bacteriological controls of Sivas city water supply (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriological control methods have not been standardized in Turkey until today. In this article, we will describe the membrane filter technique and the results of bacteriological examinations of 167 water samples taken from Behrampasa, Kepenek and Sivas city water supply and from some fountains which are built on three springs. According to the results obtained: 1) The city water supply (except Behrampasa and Kepenek) is contaminated. 2) The chlorination of the city water is unsatisfactory. Chlorination is made in a rather primitive way for the source and reservoirs. The initial amount of chlorine which is about 0,2 ppm. must be raised at least to 2 ppm. 3) The Tavra Village which is situated around the main supply must be removed unconditionally. PMID- 7007832 TI - [History of the discovery and study of the causative agent of adiaspiromycosis]. PMID- 7007830 TI - [Effect of rifampicin in combination with acridines on the course of experimental bacterial infections]. PMID- 7007831 TI - [Escherichia coli transformation by recombinant plasmids]. PMID- 7007834 TI - [Dr. Zekai Muammer Tuncman (1895-1980)]. PMID- 7007833 TI - [Origin and development of medical virology in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7007836 TI - Association of retinopathy and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in diabetes mellitus. AB - One hundred and forty patients with diabetes mellitus were examined in the small mining town of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The primary object was to determine the incidence of retinopathy in the diabetic community. One hundred and thirty eight sets of data were obtained. There were 69 males and 69 females. The diabetes was controlled with orally administered hypoglycaemic agents in 62 patients, in 58 patients with insulin, and in 18 by diet alone. Forty-six of the 138 volunteers (33%), were found to have retinopathy and this included eight of the 14 Aboriginals taking part in the survey. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels ranged from 8.1% to 18.8% (mean 11.7%; SD; 2.28%) of total haemoglobin concentration, and plasma glucose levels from 1.2 mmol/L to 27.3 mmol/L (mean, 9.5 mmol/L, SD, 5.06 mmol/L); there was a positive correlation between levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma glucose (r = 0.63; P less than 0.001). Diabetics with retinopathy had a mean glycosylated haemoglobin level of 12.5% compared with 11.3% in those without this complication. Examination by treatment groups showed that patients with retinopathy whose disease was controlled with insulin had significantly higher levels of glycosylated haemoglobin compared with those without this complication (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). Patients whose disease was controlled with orally administered hypoglycaemic agents did not show this difference. PMID- 7007837 TI - Double-blind trial of trimipramine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - Twenty-three patients with chronic duodenal ulcer were allocated randomly to receive either trimipramine 25 mg or placebo, as a single night-time dose, for six weeks. Ulcer healing was determined by endoscopy. The ulcer healed in two of 10 patients receiving trimipramine and in seven of 13 patients receiving placebo. Trimipramine in this dosage does not assist ulcer healing. PMID- 7007838 TI - Centenary oration. Evolution of responsibilities in the care of health. PMID- 7007839 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation. A preliminary study in aplasia and leukaemia. AB - Six patients with aplastic anaemia, and nine patients with acute leukaemia in relapse, underwent bone-marrow transplantation between November, 1975, and November, 1979. All patients with aplastic anaemia developed a functioning marrow graft and four were alive 42, 24, 22, and 17 months respectively after the procedure. Two died within the first four months after the procedure from graft versus-host disease (GVHD) and associated infection, while two of the survivors are still troubled by chronic GVHD. Of the nine patients with acute leukaemia, seven died within the first few months after the procedure. However, two patients remained alive, with no evidence of recurrent leukaemia, 18 and nine months respectively after the graft. These results confirm that bone-marrow transplantation is a useful therapeutic procedure in severe aplastic anaemia, but is of limited value in the treatment of acute leukaemia in relapse. PMID- 7007841 TI - Disseminated fusarium infection. AB - A case of disseminated Fusarium sp. infection in a bone-marrow transplant patient is described. The most likely source of the organism was food, and the importance of a specially prepared diet in immunosuppressed individuals is emphasized. PMID- 7007840 TI - Long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine. Intermittent or continuous therapy? AB - Forty-eight patients with chronic duodenal ulcers which were healed with cimetidine were allocated at random into two equal groups to assess different ways of using cimetidine during one year of treatment. Twenty-four patients received intermittent six-week courses of cimetidine for each relapse, and 24 patients were treated with maintenance administration of cimetidine (400 mg twice a day) continuously. Only one patient in the group receiving continuous therapy suffered clinical recurrence, but asymptomatic ulceration was found in four others. The group of patients who were receiving intermittent therapy suffered a total of 36 clinical recurrences. Three of these patients required prolonged treatment to heal their ulcers, and seven developed asymptomatic ulcer. The number of relapses varied from none to five. No way of predicting the individual prognosis was found. Intermittent treatment was an acceptable alternative in approximately half of the patients treated in this way, and was a failure in one quarter of the group. PMID- 7007843 TI - [50 years of the Italian Society of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene]. PMID- 7007844 TI - [Antilipemic drugs]. PMID- 7007842 TI - Chloroquine resistance in the south-west Pacific. PMID- 7007845 TI - [Nutritional influencing of drug action]. PMID- 7007846 TI - Danazol for fibrocystic disease of the breast. PMID- 7007847 TI - Drugs that cause psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 7007848 TI - I. Immunosurveillance and tumorigenesis in 1. BALB/c mice. Early reactive state in the jejunum disseminated lymphoid tissue. AB - Using functional ultrastructure we established the physiology of the cellular immune response in the BALB/c mouse jejunum disseminated lymphoid tissue (JDLT) before and after sequential stimulations with E. coli endotoxin (ECE) (the preceding article in this journal). The functional ultrastructure was established also in this series of BALB/c mice injected i.p. initially with 0.5 ml of mineral oil and then weekly with 5 ng of ECE (EOA). The present series of mice had a pathological immune response and, it is known that they will in time produce plasmacytomas. Differences between the physiologic and pathologic immune responses during the first month of tumorigenesis, are: 1. The T-lymphocyte response was found to be strong but disorganized; 2. As judged from the T:B ratios, the B-lymphocyte response was found to be very strong, late after the first, early after the second, and late after the fourth injections with ECE, in this EOA model of stimulation. 3. The macrophage cellular response during the EOA stimulation was found to be slightly weaker than that seen in the series of mice stimulated with ECE alone. At the time of this study, the differences found between the physiologic and pathologic immune responses in the JDLT are not conclusive and they do not elucidate either the mechanisms of tumorigenesis or the role of the immunocompetent cells. PMID- 7007851 TI - Protection of mice against group B Streptococcus type Ia by IgG components of a rabbit antiserum. AB - IgG fractions were separated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose from hyperimmune rabbit sera prepared against a group B streptococcus type Ia mouse-virulent strain. 50 microgram IgG in conjunction with ampicillin (200 mg/kg) protected mice more effectively against a lethal challenge than ampicillin (400 mg/kg) alone or ampicillin (200 mg/kg) combined with gentamicin (10 mg/kg), when administered up to 12 h after infection. PMID- 7007850 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated in the Tel-Aviv (Israel) area. AB - The prevalence of enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) as a pathogenic agent of diarrhoea in the Tel-Aviv (Israel) area was determined, and the isolated E. coli strains characterized. During three periods (summer 1977, summer 1978, and summer 1979), a total of 335 specimens were tested for the presence of E. coli producing LT and ST toxin. Most of the specimens were from sporadic ambulatory diarrhoea cases (children and adults) attending a number of health care clinics in Tel Aviv. Two to five colonies were tested from each sample. ETEC was detected in 69 cases (20%): LT/ST strains were isolated from 9 cases (2.7%); LT from 7 cases (2.1%); and ST from 53 cases (15.2%). ETEC was isolated in all age groups. In 19 specimens, 2 or more of 4 colonies tested were enterotoxigenic and were identical according to biotype, antibiotic sensitivity, and serogroup. These findings suggest that enterotoxigenic strains predominated in the bacterial population of the stool specimen. Part of the isolated ETEC strains belonged to serotypes already known as enterotoxigenic in different geographic areas of the world. The most frequently encountered were serogroups O8 (9 cases) represented by at least three serotypes, among them O8:K40:H9, and serotype O6:K15:H16 (5 cases); a number of serotypes were represented only by two cases or by single cases. Among 16 LT-producing stains (LT/ST and LT-only), 13 belonged to 3 serogroups, while ST only strains represented a large spectrum of serotypes, some of which are now known as enterotoxigenic. Several serotypes common in other geographical locations were not detected. PMID- 7007849 TI - Streptococcus group B isolates in a regional hospital area. AB - A survey of the frequency of group B streptococcal infections in the Sharon area (Israel) was done in this laboratory. In the female genital tract streptococcus group B was found in 11.8%. This microorganism was recovered in lower frequencies (1.6%-7.4%) in other infection sites (CSF, wounds, throat, blood, and urine). The streptococci were identified as belonging to group B by biochemical properties such as resistance to bacitracin and capability to hydrolyze hippurate. Later the isolates were classified serologically. Serotypes Ib, Ic, and II were predominant in the vaginal smears (25%-28% each serotype). In the other infection sites serotype Ib was the most frequent (36%). The isolates were sensitive to penicillin, cloxacillin, cephalothin, and erythromycin - M.I.C. 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml. Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (69%) and some to chloramphenicol (17.5%). Synergism has been obtained in vitro using a combination of gentamicin and penicillin simultaneously. Group B streptococci or Streptococcus agalactiae first became known because of association with bovine mastitis. This microorganism is now widely appreciated as a potent human pathogen. In several geographic regions it is the leading cause of meningitis during the first two months of life (Eickhoff et al. 1965; Franciosi et al. 1973; Baker et al. 1973; Patterson and Hafeez 1976; Anthony and Okada 1977; Baker 1977). Two clinical syndromes have been defined among infants. The first syndrome, called early onset, is observed in neonates aged five days or less (Baker et al. 1973). In older infants (between 10 days and three months of age) the second syndrome or the late-onset may appear (Franciosi et al. 1973; Baker et al. 1973). In the last few years infections in adults have also been reviewed (Bayer et al. 1976; Lerner et al. 1977). Group B streptococci are divided into five serological types: Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III (Wilkinson and Eagon 1971); some strains to be devoid of type-specific antigens and are called nontypable (NT). The serotypes of group B streptococci isolated from infants with early onset disease are identical with those isolated from the genital tracts of their mothers. Infants probably acquire the microorganism during passage through the birth canal (Baker and Barrett 1973). Furthermore, the genitourinary tract is known to be a major reservoir of infection and a source for subsequent dissemination in both men and women (Wilkinson 1978). The appearance of sepsis and meningitis in neonates caused by group B streptococci and which was reported previously by this laboratory (Maayan et al. 1978; Nitzan et al. 1978) has prompted us to study the current situation of the infections caused by this microorganism. This study presents a survey on the frequency of infections, serotype distribution, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of group B streptococcal isolates in the Sharon district (Israel). It seems that the transformation of the group B streptococci to human pathogens has also affected this area. PMID- 7007852 TI - Malignant lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes: report of T cell variant of so-called Lennert lymphoma and review of the literature. AB - The present report describes the first case of well-differentiated nodular lymphocytic lymphoma evolving into Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin. A 58-year old white female developed malignant lymphoma, well-differentiated, lymphocytic type, nodular, with focal bone marrow involvement (stage IV) in May 1975. She received 16 cycles of cyclophosphamide and prednisone combination chemotherapy which was completed in October 1976. A complete remission was achieved. In December 1976, she relapsed and was treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone until May 1977. Lymphadenopathy decreased until August 1978, but then increased again. Biopsy of an axillary lymph node was interpreted as Lennert lymphoma. She received methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and prednisone beginning in September 1978. When last seen in November 1979, she was in partial remission. Lymphoid cells obtained from lymph node which was involved with Lennert lymphoma consisted of 93% standard E rosettes and 83% gravity E-rosettes. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin on frozen sections was negative, but acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reactions were strongly positive. These findings support a T-cell proliferation in Lennert lymphoma. A review of the literature reveals only four cases of Lennert lymphoma of T-cell origin. PMID- 7007854 TI - Acute myeloblastic leukemia following non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an adolescent. A report of a case with preleukemic syndrome, and review of the literature. AB - Reports of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia occurring after successful treatment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are appearing with increasing frequency. Two years after completion of LSA2-L2 therapy for stage III, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, a 16-year-old boy developed a preleukemic state characterized by a refractory macrocytic anemia with excess blasts, dyshematopoiesis, abnormal cluster:colony ratio on in vitro bone marrow culture, and acquired deficiencies of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, triose phosphate isomerase, and adenylate kinase. Four months later acute myeloblastic leukemia was evident. The RNA index determined by flow cytofluorometry was increased. Four marker chromosomes were found and involved complex translocation of chromosomes 11 and 17 (t11;l17) in 100% of the cells, and chromosomes 4 (t4q;4) in 10% of the cells. A thorough literature search uncovered four other reports of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia occurring in children treated for NHL and a total of 58 cases in the adult and pediatric age groups. Over 50% of the patients had AML, were mean over 50 years of age, and were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is anticipated that additional cases of second malignancies will be reported in this population of patients whose outlook for the curability of the primary malignancy is 75%. PMID- 7007853 TI - Doxorubicin, vincristine, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - Preliminary data suggesting synergistic activity of cisplatinum and doxorubicin and the expected poor prognosis of women with breast cancer who progress on treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), led to a trial of monthly doxorubicin (50 mg/M2), vincristine (1.4 mg/M2) and cisplatinum (50 mg/M2) in such patients. Overall partial response rate to this regimen was 42%; 37% progressed and 21% could not complete two cycles of therapy because of gastrointestinal (three or renal (one) toxicity. This study does not support the use of cisplatinum, 50 mg/M2, in combination with doxorubicin and vincristine in patients with breast cancer which has proven refractory to CMF therapy. PMID- 7007855 TI - A review of time-dose effects in radiation therapy. AB - A historical review of conventional fractionation offers little confidence that such treatment is optimal for all tumors. Thus manipulation of time-dose schedules may provide a relatively inexpensive yet potentially useful technique for improving therapeutic results in radiation therapy. Consideration of basic radiobiological principles and animal model data illustrates the complex and heterogeneous nature of normal tissue and tumor response to time-dose effects and supports the hypothesis that better time-dose prescriptions can be found in clinical practice. The number of possible time-dose prescriptions is very large, and a review of the clinical trials using nonconventional fractionation demonstrates that the sampled portion of the total three-dimensional space of time, fraction number, and dose has been very small. Only carefully designed clinical trials can establish the therapeutic advantage of a new treatment schedule, and methods for selecting the most promising schedules are discussed. The use of simple data reduction formulas for time-dose effects should be discarded since they ignore the very complexity and heterogeneity of tissues and tumors which may form the basis of improved clinical results. PMID- 7007856 TI - Flow cytometry. AB - A brief review of flow cytometry is presented. Emphasis is on the construction of relatively simple instruments and on their application to problems in medical physics. Among these are the problems of measuring the biological parameters that determine the response of tumors to therapy and of measuring the biological damage in people exposed to ionizing radiations. PMID- 7007857 TI - A portable insulin infusion system with a rotary solenoid-driven peristaltic pump. AB - A portable, external, preprogrammed insulin infusion system with a mass of 560 grams and a battery lifetime of 4 months is described. The system uses a rotary solenoid-driven peristaltic pump, with low-power CMOS timing circuitry and controls to provide bimodal insulin delivery with a timed high rate. Accurate and reproducible delivery of 2 microliter fluid pulses at programmed intervals from 0.6 seconds to 100 minutes can be achieved permitting the delivery of a wide range of insulin concentrations. This system is the precursor to a totally implantable insulin delivery system. PMID- 7007858 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in childhood. Recent etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic acquisitions]. PMID- 7007859 TI - [The child in the past and present]. PMID- 7007860 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis. Observations on 2 cases with an anatomopathological report of 1 case]. PMID- 7007861 TI - [Controlled trial of a polyvalent antibacterial vaccine in children with recurrent respiratory infections]. PMID- 7007862 TI - Shipping fever pasteurellosis and salmonellosis prophylaxis. AB - A water-in-oil emulsion adjuvanted combination shipping fever bacterin containing Pasteurella multocida, P hemolytica, Salmonella typhimurium and certain other species was effective in field use as a prophylactic agent against shipping fever pasteurellosis and salmonellosis. In trials using ranch calves it produced a greater antibody response than a comparable aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted bacterin. In critical 30-hour postvaccination challenge mouse tests it was superior to the conventional type bacterin and induced rapid and remarkable protection. PMID- 7007863 TI - Early veterinary biologics. PMID- 7007865 TI - Effect of 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleotides on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. PMID- 7007864 TI - Clinical neurology in small animal practice. PMID- 7007866 TI - Effects of the ferrous chelate of 4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (MAIQ-1) on the kinetics of reduction of CDP by ribonucleotide reductase of the Novikoff tumor. PMID- 7007867 TI - Distribution of post-proline cleaving enzyme in human brain and the peripheral tissues. AB - We have studied the distribution of post-propline cleaving enzyme activity in the various tissues in humans using 7-(succinyl-Gly-Pro)-4-methylcoumarinamide as substrate. The post-propline cleaving enzyme activity was high in muscle, testes, kidney and submandibular gland, but was low in the heart, mesenterium and aorta. In the brain, relatively high post-propline cleaving enzyme activity was observed in the cerebral cortex, but other brain regions showed a very low enzyme activity. On Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, enzyme activity in human kidney showed a major peak and a minor peak. The major peak coincided with the enzyme in human cerebral cortex, but was different from human serum enzyme. Diisopropylfluorophosphate, a serine protease inhibitor, strongly inhibited the enzyme activity of each active fraction. The enzyme in the cerebral cortex and kidney was inhibited by heavy metals and thiol blocking agents. However, inhibition of enzyme activity in the serum was not observed with such inhibitors. Therefore, we suppose that post-proline cleaving enzyme activity in the brain is similar, if not identical, to that in the kidney. PMID- 7007869 TI - The partition of cis-parinaric acid and trans-parinaric acid among aqueous, fluid lipid, and solid lipid phases. AB - In this article, I review the current information concerning the partition of the fluorescent probes, cis-parinaric acid (9, 11, 13, 15-cis, trans, trans, cis octadecatetraenoic acid) and trans-parinaric acid (9, 11, 13, 15-all trans octadecatetraenoic acid) among aqueous, solid lipid, and fluid lipid phases. The association of these probes with lipid is described by a mole fraction partition coefficient whose value is trypically in the range of 1-5 x 10(6), a reasonable value in light of partition coefficients for other fatty acids between hydrophobic phases and water. The partition coefficient, in the absence of lipid phase changes, is relatively independent of temperature and only slightly dependent on the total aqueous probe concentration. In lipid samples which contain coexisting fluid and solid phases, trans-parinaric acid preferentially partitions into the solid phase, while cis-parinaric acid distributes nearly equally between fluid and solid phases. This partition behavior probably arises from the molecular shape of the cis and trans parinaric acid in mixed lipid systems or membranes it is possible to evaluate the proportion of lipid components involved in phase changes or phase separation. From fluorescence energy transfer between protein typtophan residues and the parinaric acid isomers it is possible to gain information about the organization of lipids and proteins in membranes and model systems. I close the review by considering some of the membrane research areas where these probes and their various lipid derivatives may be particularly useful. PMID- 7007868 TI - Amplification by enzymatic cycling. AB - Enzymatic cycling provides a methodology for virtually unlimited amplification of analytical sensitivity. The most widely applicable cycling systems are those for NAD and NADP, since these can be used to increase the sensitivity of methods for a host of other substances. However, cycling systems for ATP plus ADP, GTP + GDP, glutathione and coenzyme A have also proven to be very useful. A total of 19 cycling procedures are described in greater or lesser detail. Some of these are capable of amplification rates in excess of 20,000 per hour in a single cycling step (20,000 x 20,000 with two one hour cycling steps). Advantages, disadvantages, limitations and other practical considerations are stressed, as well as the means for coupling the cycling systems to assays for other substances. PMID- 7007871 TI - Effects of chronic exposure to insulin on lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 fatty fibroblasts. AB - The acute effects of insulin on 3H incorporation into lipid from glucose was measured in 3T3-L1 fatty fibroblasts cultured with and without insulin at 10 microgram/ml for 7 days. Basal lipid synthesis did not differ between control cells and cells treated chronically with insulin. There was no insulin stimulation in treated cells while 3H incorporation into lipid in control cells increased from a basal level of 1.39 to 3.85 nmol/dish/90 min with a maximally stimulating concentration of insulin. This is the first study of 3T3-L1 fatty fibroblasts which describes a lack of acute insulin responsiveness in cells exposed chronically to insulin as compared to control cells. PMID- 7007870 TI - Stimulation of insulin release by L-glutamine. AB - Under normal environmental conditions, L-glutamine is well oxidized but fails to stimulate insulin release in rat pancreatic islets. However, a marked stimulation of insulin release by L-glutamine, without alteration in its oxidation rate occurs when the intracellular pH of the islet cells is decreased and/or when theophylline is added to the incubation medium. PMID- 7007872 TI - Relationship between antibody affinity and hemolytic plaque diameter--II. Maturation of primary immune responses to DNP and SRBC. PMID- 7007873 TI - First order dissociation rates between a subpopulation of high affinity rabbit anti-fluorescyl IgG antibody and homologous ligand. PMID- 7007874 TI - Analysis of plaque forming cell data to detect the presence of cells producing antibody bearing two allelic allotypes. PMID- 7007876 TI - Factors responsible for the metabolic formation and inactivation of bacterial mutagens from trans-4-acetylaminostilbene. PMID- 7007875 TI - Mutagenicity of trialkyltriazenes: mutagenic potency of alkyldiazonium ions, the putative ultimate carcinogens from dialkylnitrosamines. AB - Although aryldialkyltriazenes have been known for many years and their mutagenic, carcinogenic and carcinostatic properties have been investigated, almost nothing is known of the related trialkyltriazenes. Our recently developed general preparative route to these substances has allowed the examination of the mutagenic properties of several representative examples of this class of compounds. This, 1-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-, 3-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl, 3-benzyl-3-methyl 1-n-butyl- and 1,3-di-n-butyl-3-methyltriazenes are direct acting mutagens in the TA1535 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The respective mutagenic potencies of these substances can be accounted for by the in situ generation of alkyldiazonium ions. These ions are considered to be strong candidates for the ultimate mutagens/carcinogens derived from some dialkylnitrosamines. PMID- 7007877 TI - Genetic control of diploid recovery after gamma-irradiation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Genetic mechanisms(s) of gamma-ray resistance of the diploid and budding haploid cells of S. cerevisiae were investigated, with special reference to mitotic recombination, by examining 11 rad mutant strains. The radiosensitivity of the diploid was markedly enhanced in certain gamma-ray-sensitive rad mutants, whereas the sensitivity of the haploid was not so enhanced in these rad mutants. These enhanced sensitivities of diploids were irrespective of their own haploid sensitivities. From these results, the existence of a mechanism of diploid specific recovery was postulated. The magnitude of diploid radioresistance in rad mutants was positively correlated with the ability for the induction of mitotic recombinational events which were controlled by RAD genes belonging to the RAD-51 genetic pathway. The genetic mechanism(s) of the diploid recovery after gamma irradiation are probably related to recombinational processes between the homologous chromosomes leading to reciprocal recombination or non-reciprocal gene conversion. Furthermore, the higher radioresistance of budding cells in comparison with the non-budding cells was also correlated to the diploid radioresistance with a few exceptions. Consequently, the mechanism(s) of budding radioresistance similar to the diploid recovery seems to be related to mitotic recombinational processes. PMID- 7007878 TI - Yeast mitochondrial DNA characterization after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Yeast mitochondrial (mtDNA) 3H-labelled was isolated from exponential phase cells after ultraviolet light irradiation. Both the size and amount of mtDNA were found to be reduced during a 40-h liquid-holding (LH) period in non-growth medium following irradiation as compared to the mtDNA recovered from nonirradiated cells under similar conditions. After the LH period, previously irradiated cells were resuspended in growth medium containing [14C]adenine. Double labelled mtDNA (3H and 14C) was isolated from cell samples removed during new growth. A recovery in the amount and size of mtDNA was observed in irradiated cells during new growth. These biochemical studies agree with the observed loss and recovery of mtDNA genetic markers in UV-irradiated exponential phase yeast after a period of LH and new growth resp. PMID- 7007879 TI - On the sensitivity of the fluctuation test. PMID- 7007880 TI - [Testing of Germ Tube formation and other cell-morphological criteriae of yeasts on a chemical defined medium by Wickerham (Mycoplate MS "Roche")]. PMID- 7007884 TI - One gene's intron is another gene's exon. PMID- 7007883 TI - Suppressive action of cytoplasmic and metabolite extracts of Candida albicans on the immune response in guinea pigs. AB - This study investigated the possibility that Candida albicans components exert a suppressive effect on the immune response of guinea pigs (GP), similar to that of live C. albicans organisms as was previously shown. Hartley GP were inoculated with C. albicans crude cytoplasmic or metabolite (culture filtrate) extracts (containing most of the organism's cell contents or its metabolite and degradation products, respectively). Their immunological responses towards sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were compared with those of GP inoculated with SRBC alone or with SRBC together with live C. albicans organisms. The immunological responses were measured by: 1) rosette formation (RF) of SRBC with peritoneal macrophages, 2) haemolytic plaque formation (PFC) with lymph node-cells, 3) haemagglutination and 4) haemolysis tests. According to the RF tests, inoculation of GP with either cytoplasmic or metabolite extracts resulted in decreased RF as compared to GP inoculated with SRBC only; the decrease was correlated with the protein concentration of the extracts. Inoculation with metabolite extract led to a more diminished RF than with cytoplasmic extract, but less than with live C. albicans organisms. Inoculation of cytoplasmic extracts did not affect the haemagglutinin and haemolysin titers, while that of metabolite extracts resulted in a slight decrease of these titers. The assays for PFC were not conclusive enough to point to a suppressive effect of C. albicans extracts. In summary, it appears that both the cytoplasmic and metabolite extracts of C. albicans exert a partial suppressive effect on the immune response in GP, as judged primarily on the basis of the RF results. PMID- 7007881 TI - Effect of inhibitors of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation on Trypanosoma cruzi respiration and growth. AB - Antimycin A and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, two specific inhibitors of the b-c1 segment of the respiratory chain, affected the respiration of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. The half-maximum inhibitory concentrations were about 0.05 and 4.0 micrograms/mg cells (dry wt.), respectively. The maximum effect of antimycin (about 80% inhibition of respiration) was at about 0.1 microgram antimycin/mg cells. Differential spectrophotometry of T. cruzi epimastigotes in the presence of antimycin, cyanide (or sulfide) and uncouplers, revealed the presence of functional cytochromes aa3, b and c558. In the stationary growth phase respiration by T. cruzi was completely inhibited by cyanide and effectively inhibited by sulfide, but in the exponential growth phase respiration was about 20% insensitive to 5 mM cyanide. Cyanide- and antimycin insensitive respiration was completely inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid (2 mM). Antimycin inhibited the operation of the tricarboxylic acids cycle in T. cruzi, as shown by the lesser production of 14CO2 and by the modification of 14C distribution in epimastigotes incubated with [1-14C]glucose, [2-14C]acetate or NaH14CO3. The inhibition of electron transport by antimycin increased the rate of the fumarate reductase reaction, an alternative electron pathway for the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides. Addition of carbonyl cyanide 3 chlorophenylhydrazone to epimastigotes increased the rate of respiration and promoted the oxidation of reduced cytochrome b components, thus showing that these components are subject to respiratory (acceptor) control. Pentachlorophenol similarly affected the cytochrome b redox level but did not modify the rate of respiration. The uncouplers released N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of respiration, and uncouplers and cyanide significantly decreased the ATP level in epimastigotes. The combined effects of the assay inhibitors on respiration, cytochrome b redox level, ATP content and energy charge confirmed the operation of oxidative phosphorylation in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Antimycin, uncouplers and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibited growth of T. cruzi, thus proving the essential role of oxidative phosphorylation for the parasite. PMID- 7007882 TI - Leukemia relapse in donor cells after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 7007885 TI - Negative cooperativity at the insulin receptor. PMID- 7007886 TI - Enkephalins co-exist with oxytocin and vasopressin in nerve terminals of rat neurohypophysis. AB - Evidence is accumulating that opiates inhibit the release of oxytocin and vasopressin by acting on nerve terminals in the neurohypophysis. Extracts of neurohypophysis have been shown to contain substantial amounts of Met- and Leu enkephalin, and Leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres originating in the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei have been described in the neural lobe, where the two hormones are secreted. We have compared the distribution of oxytocin, vasopressin and enkephalin immunoreactivity (IR) in the neurohypophysis of the rat, and report here that Met-enkephalin-IR is invariably associated with nerve terminals that contain oxytocin-IR whereas the terminals that contain vasopressin-IR often, but not invariably, are Leu-enkephalin immunoreactive. PMID- 7007887 TI - Relationship of glicentin to proglucagon and glucagon in the porcine pancreas. AB - We have previously isolated from porcine small intestine a peptide known as glicentin. The C-terminal portion of glicentin consists of the sequence of glucagon extended at its C terminus by an octapeptide, and differs slightly from the sequence of a proposed fragment of proglucagon. Glicentin-like material has been demonstrated in the pancreatic A cell, wherein it is located in the periphery of the secretory granules, whereas glucagon is located in the centre of the granules. To study the relationship of glicentin to the biosynthesis of glucagon, we have now investigated the glucagon-like and glicentin-like peptides in extracts and perfusates of the porcine pancreas. Our findings that a peptide with glicentin-like immunoreactivity, and intermediate in size between glicentin and glucagon, is secreted synchronously with glucagon suggest that this glicentin related peptide is a major cleavage product of proglucagon. PMID- 7007888 TI - Well-groomed predecessors. PMID- 7007889 TI - Function of the mandibular tooth comb in living and extinct mammals. AB - Among the most interesting mammalian dental specialization is the mandibular 'tooth comb' or 'tooth scraper' that evolved independently in certain primates and other mammals. Its occurrence is most widely known in lemurs and lorises, where it is comprised of the long, slender, procumbent incisors (one or two pairs) and incisiform canines (Fig. 1). In non-primates to canines are not incorporated into the comb. Some tree shrews (Tupaiidae) possess a tooth comb consisting of the four central incisors, and some early Tertiary arctocyonid condylarths had a similar structure composed of all six lower incisors. The extant flying lemurs (Dermoptera: Cynocephalus) also have a dental 'comb' but it is very different from the ones already mentioned, consisting of two pairs of pectinate incisors, each tooth modified into a comb with as many as 15 tines. This condition, although sometimes said to be similar to that in lemurs, is unique to Cynocephalus. One of the principal functions of the tooth comb in primates is to comb the fur, and we present here indirect evidence that condylarths used this structure in the same way, millions of years before tooth combs evolved in prosimians. We also show that the comb-like incisors of Cynocephalus, contrary to popular belief, probably do not function to comb the fur. PMID- 7007891 TI - Sulfazecin and isosulfazecin, novel beta-lactam antibiotics of bacterial origin. AB - In the long history of screening for antibiotics, fungi and actinomycetes have been the only producers of beta-lactam antibiotics although several phytopathogenic bacteria have been reported to produce toxins with a beta-lactam structure. We report here the first evidence that novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfazecin and isosulfazecin, are produced by new species of Pseudomonas. PMID- 7007890 TI - Miocene lorisid primates from the Pakistan Siwaliks. AB - In 1975-79, joint expeditions from Yale University and the Geological Survey of Pakistan (YGSP) recovered fossil lorisids in the Siwalik Group of Pakistan from four localities, spanning a period before 10 Myr ago to about 7 Myr ago. In three of the localities, only isolated teeth or fragments were found, whereas the fourth and youngest locality yielded dental, cranial and some postcranial remains of a single individual described here as a new genus and species. These specimens are the first fossil lorisids known from outside East Africa, and include the only recovered postcranial remains from slow-moving arboreal lorisines. The findings indicate that significant tracts of forests in the Siwalik environmental mosaic may have been utilized by ominoid primates, notably Ramapithecus. PMID- 7007892 TI - The great badger debates. PMID- 7007893 TI - No need for a new membrane model. AB - Schindler et al. recently reported lateral diffusion measurements in reconstituted membranes of phospholipid (PL), lipoplysaccharide (LPS) and Escherichia coli matrix protein (P), using the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Evaluation of their data led Schindler et al. to conclude that the fluid mosaic model is an inadequate description of the membrane and to propose a new membrane model. Their conclusion was based on identifying the fluid mosaic model with a particular binding behaviour of LPS to matrix protein. I present here a more general model for the association of membrane components, and demonstrate the use of lateral diffusion data in elucidating membrane structure. The data of Schindler et al. are shown to be reasonably interpretable on the basis of an association of LPS and matrix protein, which obviates the necessity for postulating a new membrane model. PMID- 7007894 TI - Molecular cloning of the K1 capsular polysaccharide genes of E. coli. AB - Epidemiological and immunological evidence indicates that the K1 capsular polysaccharide confers the property of virulence on Escherichia coli. E coli K1 is associated with invasive diseases in humans and in laboratory and domesticated animals. K1 isolates account for 80% of E. coli neonatal meningitis and comprise the majority of capsular types in neonatal septicaemia without meningitis and in childhood pyelonephritis. Passive administration of K1 antibodies prevented bacteraemia and meningitis in infant rats fed E. coli K1. Nonencapsulated derivatives of these invasive K1 strains did not cause bacteraemia in infant rats, although intestinal colonization was similar to that of the parent strains (M. Achtman and R.P.S., unpublished results). Several reports propose that the E. coli K1 capsular polysaccharide exerts an anti-phagocytic effect similar to that observed with other pathogenic encapsulated bacteria. One approach to studying whether the K1 antigen is sufficient to confer virulence of if other E. coli structures are necessary is to isolate the K1 genes for genetic and biochemical analysis. Recombinant DNA methodology provides a powerful tool for such an approach. Here, we report the molecular cloning of the E. coli K1 antigen genes. The cloned K1 genes synthesize a capsule in E. coli K12 indistinguishable chemically and immunologically from that of wild-type K1 strains. PMID- 7007895 TI - Attenuation in the control of expression of bacterial operons. AB - Bacterial operons concerned with the biosynthesis of amino acids are often controlled by a process of attenuation. The translation product of the initial segment of the transcript of each operon is a peptide rich in the amino acid that the particular operon controls. If the amino acid is in short supply translation is stalled at the relevant codons of the transcript long enough for the succeeding segment of the transcript to form secondary structures that allow the transcribing RNA polymerase molecule to proceed through a site that otherwise dictates termination of transcription. This site is the attenuator; the process is attenuation. PMID- 7007896 TI - [Aspiration of Fero-gradumet]. PMID- 7007897 TI - [Carnitine deficiency myopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007898 TI - [The schizo-affective borderland and the 19th century concept of primary and secondary psychic disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007899 TI - [Martin Buber's influence on the swing towards anthropological medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007900 TI - Cimetidine in the treatment of severe ulcerative reflux oesophagitis; results of an 8-week double-blind study and of subsequent long-term maintenance treatment. PMID- 7007901 TI - Gastric carcinoma in a renal allograft recipient. PMID- 7007904 TI - Influence of corticosterone on the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in rats. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether the diurnal rhythm of corticosterone (B) alters the response of the pituitary to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Mature female rats housed in constant illumination were ovariectomized (Ovx) and adrenalectomized (Adx), and maintained on either corticosterone (B, 260 micrograms/ml in drinking water) or 0.9% saline. 3 weeks later a silastic implant of estradiol (E2) was implanted subcutaneously into each animal. For the next 5 days B-maintained rats received a daily injection of either B (250 micrograms/100 g BW) or vehicle at 05.00 or 17.00 h. Groups of rats were sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 h after the fifth injection, and plasma B and E2 were measured. Other animals were challenged with GnRH (1.0 ng/100 g BW) at 0, 6, 12 and 18 h after the last B injection. The fifth B injection initiated changes in plasma B which closely mimicked the normal B rhythm in intact rats. E2 levels (approximately 100 pg/ml) remained fairly constant over the same period. In rats receiving B injection at 17.00 h, the response to GnRH was altered by B administration. The LH response was greatest 6 h after B was injected, and animals showed a lower response at other times. The same relationship between circulating B and the response to GnRH could not be demonstrated in rats injected with B at 05.00 h. Animals maintained on saline exhibited higher basal LH levels, a longer mean half-life of LH, and the plasma LH response to GnRH was lower than in animals receiving B therapy. These results indicated that: (1) physiological dosages of B can alter the response to GnRH in constant light rats; (2) B has a potentiating effect on this response, and (3) B may also influence the clearance rate for LH. PMID- 7007902 TI - [Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius]. PMID- 7007905 TI - Increased LH secretory response to LHRH after hypophyseal stalk-transection of monkeys. AB - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) will evoke large increases of circulating LH in all species tested except for the rhesus monkey. Indeed, in the present study we found that an intravenous injection of a relatively large dose of LHRH (20 micrograms) evoked only a small (2.2-fold) increase in plasma LH levels, as measured by the dispersed interstitial cell bioassay in 4 intact follicular phase monkeys. In contrast, 4 stalk-transected animals exhibited a significantly greater (19.9-fold) increase in plasma LH levels when treated with 20 micrograms of LHRH within 1 week after surgery. Qualitatively similar differences in responsiveness also existed between the two treatment groups with respect to FSH secretion. 2 stalk-transected monkeys treated with LHRH at weekly intervals for the first 4 weeks after surgery showed progressive declines in the LH secretory response approaching, eventually, that observed in intact animals. In 3 additional monkeys, initiation of estrogen maintenance therapy within 3 h of stalk transection, to achieve mid-follicular phase plasma levels of estradiol, totally abolished hyperresponsiveness to LHRH. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that a transient increase in pituitary responsiveness to LHRH occurs after hypophyseal stalk transection in rhesus monkeys. Although the results indicate that this phenomenon can be accounted for, in large part, by the absence of estrogen feedback, they do not preclude the possibility that factors other than LHRH and gonadal steroids regulate gonadotropin secretion in monkeys. PMID- 7007903 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein polymerized in vitro: an ultramicroscopic study. AB - The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger et al. has been employed at the ultramicroscopic level to stain filaments polymerized in vitro from aqueous extracts of multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques. The filaments were heavily decorated with antiserum to the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein but not stained with serum absorbed with GFA protein, preimmunization serum, or anti-rat brain tubulin but was not stained with antiserum to the GFA protein. The present study provides direct morphological evidence that filaments polymerized in vitro from extracts of MS plaques contain the GFA protein. PMID- 7007906 TI - Dopamine: effects on prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rhesus macaques after transection of the pituitary stalk. AB - Luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) levels were compared in the serum of ovariectomized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with pituitary-intact (PI) and surgically transected pituitary stalks (SS). After stalk sectioning, LH levels declined and PRL levels rose dramatically. Chronic infusion of intermittent pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 1 microgram/min for 6 of every 60 min) into SS females reinitiated LH secretion within a few days despite increased PRL secretion. Continuous infusion of dopamine (10 micrograms/min/kg of body weight) for 9 days suppressed PRL levels in GnRH-infused SS females to near normal without alteration in basal serum LH levels or pulsatile LH release. A comparable dopamine regimen also failed to modify serum LH patterns in PI monkeys. Immediately after cessation of dopamine, serum PRL levels rose sharply in both PI and SS animals. Injection of estradiol benzoate (42 micrograms/kg of body weight) into SS monkeys receiving GnRH infusions resulted initially in LH suppression and then in LH release. However, the magnitude of LH release was less and the latency to its onset was longer in SS animals given estrogen than in PI controls with similar serum estrogen concentrations. It is unclear whether the atypical pattern of the estrogen-induced LH release in SS monkeys was due to hyperprolactinemia or other deficiencies in this GnRH-infused model. However, these data indicate that the response of gonadotropes to GnRH stimulation was not altered by a direct action of either PRL or dopamine on the pituitary gland. Conversely, dopamine directly suppressed the lactotrope, which became hypersecretory immediately upon dopamine withdrawal. We have concluded that estrogen-induced inhibition and subsequent augmentation of LH release represents a direct action at a pituitary locus, although effects at additional, nonpituitary loci are not precluded. PMID- 7007907 TI - The sites of action of ovarian steroids in the regulation of LH secretion. AB - In the monkey, estradiol appears to exert both its negative and positive feedback actions on gonadotropin secretion primarily at the hypophysial level. In the rat, inhibitory and stimulatory effects of estradiol on the pituitary are also evident, but additional actions on the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and preoptic area must be postulated to fully account for the negative and positive feedback effects of estradiol in this species. The available evidence points to the MBH as a site for the negative feedback action of progesterone in the rat. In both species, progesterone probably acts in the central nervous system to block the positive feedback action of estradiol while the facilitation of luteinizing hormone release by this steroid appears to be at a hypophysial level. PMID- 7007908 TI - [Psychotherapy in a semi-liberal home (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007909 TI - [Verbal and graphic expression of dreams by children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007910 TI - Bibliography on the biology and pharmacology of lithium. 8. PMID- 7007911 TI - A subpopulation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons projecting to limbic areas contains a cholecystokinin-like peptide: evidence from immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde tracing. PMID- 7007912 TI - Simultaneous demonstration of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase immunofluorescent and catecholamine fluorescent nerve cell bodies in the rat medulla oblongata. PMID- 7007913 TI - Characterization of antisera raised against cultured rat sympathetic neurons. PMID- 7007916 TI - Combined visualization of vascular endothelial walls, Nissl substance and cell nuclei in the central nervous system. PMID- 7007915 TI - Parenchymal involvement of the nervous system in lymphoma. PMID- 7007914 TI - Intraspinal steroid therapy. PMID- 7007917 TI - [Digitalis poisoning. Study of the correlations between the serum digoxin level of poisoning and some clinico-functional variables in a sample of 40 poisoned patients]. PMID- 7007918 TI - [Relation between acute alcoholism and myocardial function]. PMID- 7007919 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic use of myocardial scintiscanning with 99m-technetium pyrophosphate]. PMID- 7007920 TI - [Correlation between various hemorheological factors in peripheral obstructive arterial diseases]. PMID- 7007921 TI - [Clinical evaluation of labetalol in essential hypertension. Effects of long-term treatment in conditions of rest and stress]. PMID- 7007922 TI - Historical notes on breast cancer, with emphasis on the Netherlands. I. Pathological and therapeutic concepts in the seventeenth century. AB - The history of carcinoma was for many centuries mainly the history of breast cancer. Only when in the second half of the 19th century anaesthesia and antisepsis had enabled surgery to treat certain internal carcinomas as well, interest in malignancies other than those of the breast sprang into being. PMID- 7007924 TI - [Statuary and painting iconography of Saint Apollonia in the Milan Cathedral]. PMID- 7007923 TI - Chylothorax following 'high' translumbar aortography. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 63-year old patient with Leriche's syndrome developed chylothorax after attempted 'high' lumbar aortography. Seventeen other cases of chylothorax with this etiology were found in the literature and studied. The causes, diagnosis and treatment of this complication are discussed. PMID- 7007925 TI - [Italian editions of Madame Fouquet's prescription book]. PMID- 7007926 TI - [Serological diagnosis of systemic connective tissue inflammation; a new immunofluorescence method for demonstrating antinuclear antibodies]. AB - Two methods for the demonstration of antinuclear antibodies by means of indirect immunofluorescence were employed on 83 serum samples from 80 patients, with rat liver as the substrate. The first method (the classic ANA-test) uses cryostatic slices fixed in acetone; the second (ANA-Bp-test) is based on fixation of the substrate with Bouin's fluid and embedding in paraffin. The series was composed of 25 cases of lupus erythematosus (28 serum samples), 10 of rheumatoid arthritis, 1 of dermatomyositis, 8 of progressive systemic sclerosis, 4 of unclassifiable systemic connective tissues diseases, and 28 various internal and rheumatological forms. The undiluted sera that proved positive were subsequently tested for Ig typing and ANA titration. The ANA-Bp-test was found to be more sensitive, safer, more practical and less expensive than the ANA-test. PMID- 7007927 TI - [Adrenal cortex extract in the supportive therapy of neoplasm patients]. AB - A high-title (2000 UCD) adrenal cortex extract was used in the support management of 30 neoplastic patients. Evaluation was based on performance status (PS) according to Karnofsky and symptom incidence before and after the treatment. PS improved in 30%. There was a marked reduction in asthenia and anorexia, with significant changes in headache, nausea, and vomiting. Blood pressure, heart rate, and the blood chemistry picture were not altered. PMID- 7007929 TI - Part 1. Bronchogenic carcinoma a review and study. AB - Despite much research and clinical application of various treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate in bronchogenic carcinoma is very poor. With over 90,000 lung cancer deaths recorded in 1977, and over 100,000 deaths estimated in 1980, we should emphasize prevention as well as cure in our daily patient contacts. Patients particularly at high risk are (a) men over 45 years of age with more than 10 pack-years of smoking, (b) patients (men and women) with chronic cough, recent pneumonia, or hemoptysis. (c) Patients with a stable solitary nodule, (d) patients with occupational exposure. Hopefully, with prevention, early diagnosis, and improved treatment, our role in management of the lung cancer patient will be easier. Management of the patient with bronchogenic carcinoma will follow in the second part of this article. PMID- 7007931 TI - Early medical photography in America (1839--1883); VI. Civil war medical photography. PMID- 7007930 TI - Private psychiatric participation in Medicaid. Practitioner ebb and flow. PMID- 7007928 TI - [Clinical trial of the activity and therapeutic effectiveness of 3 drugs with diuretic and antihypertensive action]. AB - The Authors have examined, by statistical analysis of the variance for a three period cross-over design, the effects of fenquizone, furosemide and chlorthalidone on 24 in-patients affected by hypertension, edematous cardiac, renal and liver diseases. The fenquizone, given at doses of 20 mg/die/os, has shown an hypertensive activity comparable to that of the other two diuretic compounds. Such an activity occurs without secondary effects on the heart rate, the electrolites and acid-base balance and on the other parameters taken into account among which the renal functionality test, uricemia and glycemia. At low doses fenquizone has an hypotensive action without showing the characteristics secondary effects of diuretics so that it can be employed for long-term treatments without any risk. PMID- 7007934 TI - Dental implants--differential diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 7007932 TI - Guillaume Dupuytren, M.D. (1777-1835). Surgeon of Hotel Dieu and his American students. PMID- 7007933 TI - Tumoral calcinosis in the horse. PMID- 7007935 TI - Tissue reaction to non-metallic dental implants. PMID- 7007936 TI - Single intra-bony tooth replacement. The limitations of dental implants. PMID- 7007937 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 7007938 TI - Alma C. Leech is 1981 recipient of DSSNY Distinguished Service Award. PMID- 7007939 TI - Quantitative transcervical uterine cultures with a new device. AB - This study was initiated to examine the ability of a new device to take transcervical cultures of the endometrial cavity in the normal and postpartum uterus. Quantitative bacteriologic assessments were made. The results show there is a millionfold increase in the mean concentration of bacteria cultured from the infected puerperal uterus when contrasted with cultures from nonpregnant women and those who have just undergone repeat cesarean section. The authors conclude that the new device obtains cultures transcervically with marked reduction in contamination; however, some method for quantification of bacterial populations must complement the culture so that results differentiate between colonization and infection. PMID- 7007940 TI - A simple and sensitive color test for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - A simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable ELISA test for the detection of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been developed using penicillinase (EC no. 3.5.2.6) as the label and a microtiter ELISA plate as a solid support for antibody. The results of the test is assessed visually for the dark blue that indicates the presence of hCG. A minimum of 500 mU of hCG/ml of urine can be detected easily and the test can be completed in 2 hours with good precision. Accurate negative results are obtained in urine samples of normally ovulatory women, postmenopausal women, and adult males, suggesting that the physiologic concentrations of luteinizing hormone do not influence the assay results. In samples referred for pregnancy detection 95.5% accurate results were obtained when compared with histopathologic and/or clinical findings. There were 2 false negative results, and only in 4 of 132 subjects studied were false-positive results obtained. This test, if properly performed, should prove a valuable tool in the detection of hCG as early as 30 to 35 days from the last menstrual period. PMID- 7007941 TI - Penicillin treatment for group B streptococcal meningitis in the rhesus monkey. AB - Penicillin therapy for experimentally produced neonatal meningitis due to intracerebral inoculation of group B streptococci (GBS) was studied in 25 rhesus monkeys. Penicillin was administered either therapeutically to the newborns 3 hours after GBS inoculation or prophylactically as a bolus to the pregnant females 2 hours before delivery. The neonatal mortality in the newborn treatment groups was 40% (6 of 15) compared to 100% (5 of 5) in the maternal prophylaxis group, and 0% (0 of 5) among uninfected and untreated controls. It was concluded that although penicillin can be used successfully to treat neonates with meningitis after intracerebral inoculation of GBS, penicillin given antepartum as bolus prophylaxis to the mother monkey was ineffective. PMID- 7007942 TI - [32P therapy of malignant pericardial effusions]. AB - Treatment of 11 patients with malignant pericardial effusion was performed by instillation of radioactive phosphorus. All of these patients had clinical evidence of tamponade. Only 2 patients had further problems with effusion after radioisotope therapy. Remarkable long-lasting remission could be observed in the rest of patients. PMID- 7007944 TI - [Social class and bronchial cancer. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of cigarette smoking]. AB - The social class distribution of 400 male lung cancer patients differs significantly from the distribution in 280 controls (more lower-class people among lung cancer patients). Lung cancer patients showed a similar distribution of smokers in all social classes, who had the same tar exposure. Controls showed a similar distribution of smokers in all social classes but a significant difference between the tar exposure of smokers in different social classes. Tar exposure of smokers increases with the decrease of social class, comprising a higher lung cancer risk in the lower social classes, which equals the class distribution of lung cancer patients found in the study. PMID- 7007943 TI - [Laryngeal cancer: data on prognosis. Comparative analysis of 1128 cases in Berlin and Wurzberg]. AB - The object of this survey concerning 710 patients in Berlin and 418 patients in Wuerzburg/FRG with carcinoma of the larynx is to determine the prognostic factors which are important for the results and the choice of the treatment. PMID- 7007946 TI - [Serum iron and serum copper balance in the early diagnosis of metastases of breast cancer]. AB - In a study made in the follow-up clinic on 684 patients with mammary carcinoma it was found that there were 64 cases of local recurrence and 244 cases of distant metastases. In both groups the serum iron and the serum copper balance in blood tests, in relation to the clinical proof of local recurrence and/or distant metastases, was investigated. It was found that there were 43.7% pathological serum iron and serum copper findings with local recurrences and 62.7% with distant metastases. The drift apart tendency of the blood serum values in patients with distant metastases could be proved in 78.7% of the cases and in 77.5% of the cases before any clinical proof. Thus, these observations allow the statement that the blood serum iron and serum copper imbalance in blood tests is of very real value in the early diagnosis of distant metastases. PMID- 7007945 TI - [Sex life after radical operations for cervical cancer]. AB - 75 sexual active women with invasive cervical carcinoma up to 55 years of age were treated by radical hysterectomy, part of them also with postoperative irradiation. Of primary interest were interviews with those 57 women (87,7%) whose marital relationship was not disturbed in the postoperative phase. No harmony in the partnership was found in 7,7%, manifestation occurred within 1 year after treatment. The causes were in many cases of psychosomatic nature. Reduced libido was found in 60,8%, 62,0% had their first sexual relationship within 3 months after treatment. No orgasm was reported before operation by 7,6%, by 23% after operation. 57,7% had sexual climax always or mostly after treatment. Reduced orgasm was rare in those women, whose partnership was not disturbed. Frequency of cohabitations was reduced. 11,5% reported preoperative painful coitus, 50,8% postoperative. The interviews of women by means of standardized questionnaires should become a routine measure within the rehabilitation and postoperative control program of gynecologic cancer patients. The establishment of self-help groups is recommended in order to control also the psychosocial components of the disease. PMID- 7007947 TI - [Transanal local tumorectomy]. AB - Transanal tumorectomy is an operation with continuing anal continence. With necessary indications give, this operation is justified both curatively and palliatively. Sphincter-stretching in combination with a lateral sphincterotomy of the Musculus sphincter internus and externus to two thirds their height is performed. This technique allows the resection of tumors in the rectum up to 12 cm from the anocutaneous line, a height that cannot be reached by dilatation only. The results from the First Surgery Department of Innsbruck University show that in more than 50% of patients submitted to transanal tumorectomy, this expansion of the operational angle was necessary to remove tumors. PMID- 7007948 TI - [Significance of tumor markers in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial carcinoma]. AB - In bronchogenic carcinoma a variety of tumor markers have been described in the last few years. These markers are oncofetal proteins like the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pregnancy-associated antigens like the pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG), and the beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), or normal proteins like isoferritin, coeruloplasmin and hormones. In addition, many attempts have been made to isolate tumor-specific antigens and proteins from lung tumor tissues. The clinical application of the different tumor markers for early diagnosis, staging and therapy control of lung cancer patients is described. PMID- 7007949 TI - [Problems of cumulative toxicity of radiotherapy and cytostatic chemotherapy in bronchial carcinoma]. AB - The possible toxicities of combined modality therapy in bronchogenic carcinoma are reviewed. Enhancement of local and systemic side effects of each treatment form are the main risks to reduce quality of survival in these patients. Recent studies did not yet resolve the problems of optimal chemotherapy, dose of radiation necessary to obtain complete responses more frequently, or timing of the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Until significant survival benefits due to combined modality treatment are proven in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, combined therapy should be given in controlled clinical trials only. PMID- 7007950 TI - Glucose turnover, tolerance and insulin response in wethers, ewes and pregnant ewes in the fed and fasted state. AB - Glucose turnover parameters were obtained in fed and fasted wethers, ewes and pregnant ewes in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters, using a jugular bolus injection of D-glucose-2-3H. Fasting significantly (P less than 0,05) reduced glucose turnover (c. 40%) in both the wether and the non-pregnant ewe. A somewhat larger difference (c. 54%) between the fed and fasted ewes was found in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy due to an increase when fed (c. 29% higher turnover than in the non-pregnant ewe) rather than a decrease when fasted, since there was no statistical difference (P less than 0,1) between glucose turnover values of pregnant or non-pregnant fasted ewes. Glucose tolerance was estimated from an intrajugular glucose load (1 g/kg0,75 body mass) in these 3 groups of sheep under both fed and fasted conditions, and the resulting insulin response was followed for 4 hr after the injection. Fasting reduced the plasma clearance rate of glucose by c. 63% in both the wether and the non-pregnant ewe while the reduction was somewhat smaller (c. 51%) during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Only the pregnant ewe group showed a corresponding reduction in the resulting insulin response of 46% which was similar in magnitude to the diminished clearance, indicating that factors other than insulin are responsible for the reduced glucose clearance associated with fasting in the wether and non-pregnant ewe. Despite similar baseline plasma glucose values the glucose load appeared to distribute in a space that was significantly less than that found in all 3 groups of fed sheep when trace amounts were injected. PMID- 7007951 TI - Mucosal antral cysts. Review of the literature and report of a radiographic survey. AB - The increased use of panoramic radiography in dental practice has brought about the coincidental detection of abnormalities in the maxillary sinus, especially cysts of the mucosal lining. In our material of 1,080 patients, an incidence of 8.7 percent was found. Males were affected significantly more than females. The literature is reviewed regarding terminology, etiology, frequency, and radiologic and microscopic findings of those cysts. PMID- 7007952 TI - Mycosis fungoides with oral manifestations. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of mycosis fungoides with oral involvement is presented. Cases of mycosis fungoides with oral involvement as reported in the English-language literature are reviewed, discussed, and compared to the present case. Although MF is invariably a fatal disease, the oral lesion in the present case was managed successfully. PMID- 7007953 TI - Oral candidiasis: effects of antifungal therapy upon clinical signs and symptoms, salivary antibody, and mucosal adherence of Candida albicans. AB - A human study of the effects of topical nystatin (Mycostatin) therapy of oral candidiasis showed that effects of treatment were limited to the time in which the drug was used. Two weeks of therapy resulted in significant reduction in number of organisms and marked improvement in signs and symptoms of candidiasis. The condition recurred rapidly following cessation of treatment. No change in specific anticandida antibody in saliva or in adherence of Candida albicans to mucosal epithelium (in vitro) was seen with treatment. PMID- 7007955 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid: direct and indirect immunofluorescent studies. AB - Oral mucosa, skin tissue, and serum samples from thirty-three patients with cicatricial pemphigoid were studied by the direct and indirect immunofluorescent techniques to determine the presence of tissue-bound and circulating antibodies. A linear continuous basement membrane zone pattern was observed in 96.9 percent of the oral mucosa biopsy specimens studied. This pattern is indistinguishable from the pattern observed in bullous pemphigoid. In 97 percent of the cases clinically healthy skin biopsy specimens were negative for basement membrane zone staining. Circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies were present in 36.4 percent of thirty-three patients with cicatricial pemphigoid in low titer (1:10 to 1:40), when normal oral mucosa was used as substrate. The demonstration of tissue-bound and circulating basement membrane zone antibodies in cicatricial pemphigoid morphologically identical to those found in bullous pemphigoid provides further support for the concept that the two diseases may represent variants of the same entity. PMID- 7007954 TI - Direct immunofluorescence in oral mucosal disease: a diagnostic analysis of 130 cases. AB - We retrospectively analyzed direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings from 130 cases of oral mucosal disease. The diagnosis of each case was based on history, clinical features, histopathology, and clinical follow-up. To avoid circular reasoning, we did not use the DIF results in forming the diagnoses. Our results indicate that the presence of characteristic fluorescent patterns produced by several DIF reagents can establish the diagnosis of the oral lesions of pemphigus and pemphigoid and strongly indicate the diagnoses of lichen planus and lupus erythematosus. The absence of these fluorescent patterns can help to rule out these conditions, thereby strengthening the diagnoses of other oral mucosal diseases. The results of DIF are sufficiently distinguishing to be routinely helpful as diagnostic criteria for chronic ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. PMID- 7007956 TI - [Biofeedback studies in asthmatic patients]. PMID- 7007957 TI - [Surface charge of lymphocytes in developmental abnormalities]. PMID- 7007958 TI - [Attila Jozsef (1905-1937)]. PMID- 7007959 TI - [Gusztav Rigler: prominent figure in Hungarian public health (1868-1930)]. PMID- 7007960 TI - [Bela Entz: through the eyes of a disciple]. PMID- 7007961 TI - [Current medical literature and clinical medicine]. PMID- 7007962 TI - [1st experience in hungary with PUVA therapy in psoriasis]. PMID- 7007963 TI - [Dr. Gyula Takatsy (1914-1980)]. PMID- 7007964 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 7007965 TI - [Paradoxic lowering of arterial O2 partial pressure and progressive hypoxemia in respiratory distress syndrome treated by expansion therapy]. PMID- 7007966 TI - [Brief history of blood group research]. PMID- 7007967 TI - [The Hungarian Society of Paris was founded in 1925]. PMID- 7007968 TI - [A new method for diagnosing neonatal sepsis: microhemoculture of capillary blood]. PMID- 7007969 TI - [Literature and history of medicine] (Foldi J) PMID- 7007970 TI - [In memory of Lavoisier]. PMID- 7007971 TI - [Philibert Joseph Roux (1780-1854)]. PMID- 7007972 TI - [Hungarian students at the University of Vienna (1770-1848)]. PMID- 7007973 TI - [Adverse effect of butylbiguanide therapy on alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels]. PMID- 7007975 TI - [Ferdinand Hebra, 1816-1880]. PMID- 7007974 TI - [Monocomponent insulin therapy]. PMID- 7007976 TI - [The death of Prof. Fanconi]. PMID- 7007977 TI - [Reorganization of the Cracow Medical School 200 years ago]. PMID- 7007979 TI - [Advantages of single-layer anastomosis of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7007978 TI - [Development of urology based on experience of the past 25 years]. PMID- 7007980 TI - [Lassa letter]. PMID- 7007982 TI - [Artur Irsai (1855-1919)]. PMID- 7007981 TI - [Harold Hirschsprung (1830-1916)]. PMID- 7007983 TI - [Segmental avascular necrosis of the femoral head: flexion osteotomy combined with cancellous bone grafting of the lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7007985 TI - [The right-to-left shunt the neonatal period. III. Shunt calculations in healthy newborns on their 1. day of life]. PMID- 7007984 TI - [In memoriam Univ. Prof. Dr. Richard Trauner]. PMID- 7007986 TI - [Organizational and professional problems of neuropsychiatric ambulatory care for children--report on experiences in a rural district]. PMID- 7007987 TI - [Spontaneous rosette formation in various diseases--comparative studies of incubation temperatures of 4 degree and 29 degree C]. PMID- 7007989 TI - [Relative clinical biological availability of a combination of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in fasting children and after a meal]. AB - Lidaprim, a bactericidal chemotherapeutical agent, was administered to 10 patients in a children's hospital, in the form of an oval suspension for children. The initial dosage was given on an empty stomach, the second after a standard meal. The concentrations of the chemotherapeutical agents in the plasma and the urine were chemically analysed. The bio-availability of the preparation was very good. A standard meal, taken just before dosage, led to a delay in absorption both for Trimethoprim and Sulfametrol. In the period under surveillance, 0-12 hours after administration, an absorption loss could be calculated from the plasma and urine levels in the case of both Trimethoprim and Sulfametrol. In spite of this effect, adequate plasma and urine levels with a bactericidal action, were achieved with the usual dosage. The clinical success and compatibility of the preparation were good in every single case. PMID- 7007988 TI - Is the therapy with carbamazepine more effective when measuring blood levels? AB - 41 patients receiving Carbamazepine under regular measurements of blood levels were compared with 77 patients with no or irregular controls of the blood level. 71% of the patients in the first group had a good seizure control in contrast to 61% of the patients in the second group. Furthermore, patients with regular controls reached the desired therapeutical effect earlier (on an average within 21/2 months) compared with patients with no or irregular controls (the average was 10 months). Patients who did nor react to medication with CBZ were put on another drug within a shorter time if their blood levels were measured (on the average 10 months compared with 20 months). We conclude that regular blood level controls make handling of CBZ easier. This allowed us to extend the range of indications for CBZ to a greater number to epilepsy with grand mal and focal seizures as well as to few therapy-resistant cases of epilepsy of early childhood with tonic seizures. PMID- 7007990 TI - [Therapy of bronchitis in childhood with Eprazinone (author's transl)]. AB - This study should demonstrate the efficiency of a new bronchosecretolytic substance, Eprazinone, in therapy of acute and chronic bronchitis with children. The following groups of children have been treated: 1) 10 children with acute bronchitis (aged 5-14 years); 2) 12 children with chronic bronchitis (aged 7-14 years). To objectivize the effect of the substance, exact laboratory- and check up examinations have been done daily. The dose was 3 x 1 tablet/day for school children, for younger children 2 x 1 suppository daily. All children have been treated over 5-8 days. The results of the therapy with Eprazinone in both groups show that -Eprazinone is an efficient remedy to cure symptomatically chronic and acute bronchitis in children. It shows an excellent mucolytic activity. PMID- 7007991 TI - [Insulin antibody formation in diabetic children (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report about the findings of insulin antibody formation (circulating IgG-antibodies) in 18 diabetic children. 1. High levels of antibodies during treatment with conventional insulin show a remarkable decrease under treatment with highly-purified insulins. 2. Insulin binding capacities were also found in children treated from diagnosis of the disease with highly-purified insulins, but they were all below 1.0 mU/ml. 3. Infectious diseases and intermittent insulin application seem to provoke an, at least briefly, increase of antibodies. 4. High levels of antibodies cause a high insulin requirement. Therefore only highly purified insulin should be used for the treatment of childhood onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7007992 TI - [Ultrastructure of the antennal sensillae of the bug, Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)]. AB - On the antenna of the bug R. prolixus we found numerous receptors which can be classified into three categories: mechanoreceptors (sensilla chaetica), olfactory (sensillae trichodea, basiconica and caeloconica) and gustatory (sensilla trichodea) receptors. The number, size and distribution on the antenna of each type have been recorded. A description of each of these sense organs is given. Tactile hairs are present on all of the antennal segments while thin-walled chemoreceptors are limited to segments 3 and 4. The tactile hairs are innervated by a single bipolar sensory cells. In fine structure each dendrite reveals the following successive regions; a broad inner segment, a ciliary region, a region with neurotubules. Two types of thin-walled sensilla trichoidae differ in the structure of the walls and internal parts. It was shown that the cuticular part of the olfactory trichoid hairs has pores; the cuticular part of the basiconic sensillae had longitudinal canals. PMID- 7007993 TI - [Historical and evolutionary premises of the creation of the topographical epidemiology of helminthiases]. AB - Origin of E. N. Pavlovsky's theory of natural nidality of disease and one of the tendencies of native nature-study, determined by works of V. V. Dokuchaev, V. I. Vernadsky and A. P. Vinogradov are put in connection. This connection is regarded as the first precondition of landscape epidemiology. Thesis about the leading role of anthropogenic factors at the modern step of natural nidi evolution, in some biohelminthoses in particular, is suggested as the second precondition. PMID- 7007995 TI - Viral latency and its importance in human disease. PMID- 7007996 TI - [Anaphylactic shock in brown Norway rats with reagins and no precipitins in the blood (author's transl)]. AB - Brown Norway rats have been actively sensitized against hen ovalbumine mixed with anti Bordella pertussis vaccine. After ten to twelve days, IgE are detected in the blood, but no precipitins. Anaphylactic shock induced by i.v. injection of 1 mg.100 g-1 body weight of ovalbumine is caracterized by a vascular collapse, the animal dying in about 15 minutes. This collapse is identical with the same general anaphylactic reaction as observed in the Wistar rats, which have large amounts of precipitins in the blood. PMID- 7007994 TI - [History of Charles Nicolle's discovery of the route of typhus infection]. AB - In 1909 French microbiologist, director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis Charles Nicolle discovered the ways of the louse-borne typhus infection. With his numerous experiments on apes he proved that body louse is a transmitting gent of louse-borne infection. This great discovery which has formed the basis of modern concepts of the disease epidemiology and led to its prophylaxis has become lasting contribution to the history of medical science. PMID- 7007997 TI - [Oral administration effects, with different doses, of arginine aspartate and arginine chlorhydrate upon growth hormone and free fatty acids plasmatic rates in normal fasting children (author's transl)]. AB - With an equivalent arginine base furniture, arginine chlorhydrate (CA) and arginine aspartate (AA) are orally administered, with variable doses, to normal fasting children, to study during 4 hours evolution of plasmatic growth hormone rates (stimulation of endogenous GH secretion) and plasmatic free fatty acids rates (secondary effects on effectors). With CA 5 g (half dose) opr 10 g (total dose, about 500 mg/kg) mean plasmatic GH rates increase is etale and non significant, when compared to normals. With AA 7,35 g (half dose) or 14,70 g (total dose), there is a 2 h GH peak, when compared to initial values and 2 h normal values (p less than 0,05 or p less than 0.01). Area increases with the two doses AA, when compared to normals (p less than 0,01). With the two products, mean 1 h plasmatic FFA rate does not vary or non significantly decreases. 4 h rate increases, when compared to normals, with CA and AA half dose (p less than 0,05) and CA and AA total dose (p less than 0,01). PMID- 7007998 TI - Chronic lathyrism. Plasma, aorta and rat skin treated for five months with beta aminopropionitrile with or without high fat diet. AB - Previous experiments proved that white Wistar rats, resistant to spontaneous or experimental atheroma, present arteriosclerosis (parietal aorta lesions) and atheroma lesions (fat deposits) after a 9 week-treatment by Beta aminopropionitrile (BAPN) followed by a high fat diet. The present work shows that BAPN alone, administered for 5 months, does not induced atheroma; its formation needs both lipid humoral disorders and parietal aortic lesions. It confirms certain facts noted in the aging of man and in the formation of atheroma. PMID- 7007999 TI - [Changes in the cholesterol levels of high density lipoproteins following the intravenous administration of triton WR 1339 to rats (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of the present study was to determine, in the rat, changes in the plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels after single or iterative administration of triton WR 1339 in order to elicit the inverse relation between triglyceride and high density lipoprotein levels in man and animal. 24 hours after the acute intravenous injection of triton WR 1339 increases of cholesterol and glyceride were observed while HDL decreased. These effects are potentiated by iterative intravenous administration of triton. According to Nikkila these variations could be explained by the fact that a part of HDL proceeds from the catabulism of lipoproteins rich in glycerides. At the time of the recovery of epuration process, the HDL regeneration from VLDL that are abondant in the plasma should represent the changes observed. The effects found after iterative intravenous administration of triton, confirm that infusion of the detergent induces in the blood a decrease of the catabolism of lipoproteins rich in triglycerides and at the same time the disappearing of blood HDL. PMID- 7008000 TI - Rheumatoid factor in the elderly. New methodology. AB - Many authors have shown a progressive incidence of auto-antibodies in the elderly as age increases. Among the auto-antibodies found, the highest incidence concerns the Rheumatoid Factor (RF). Using an original enzyme-immunoassay of RF (RF-EIA), we were surprised to find a low incidence of RF in a sample of 100 healthy persons aged from 65 to 98 years (8%). Moreover, the finding of other auto antibodies confirms this frequency inferior to other workers results. On the other hand, the level of present auto-antibodies is generally low, far below those usually found in auto-immune diseases. These results confirm a disturbance of the immune system in the elderly, but the levels observed make this disturbance more an humoral stigma of aging than a proof of a subjacent dysimmune disease. PMID- 7008001 TI - Influence of lipidic plant extracts on cells kinetics during carrageenin-induced inflammation of guinea pig palatal mucosa. AB - It has been shown that guinea pigs treated during 60 days with vegetal insaponified fractions presented a stabilization of the vessels volumetric density during the 4 days following a carrageenan injection in the palatal mucosa when compared with the vascular increase observed in non-treated animals. This inhibition of the inflammatory vascular neoformation influences the cells kinetics during the carrageenan induced inflammation of the palatal mucosa. The cellular volume fractions were calculated by a stereologic technique based on a morphometric point counting procedure described by Weibel (1969). The principal result consists in a general decrease of the inflammatory cells volume densities, specially concerning the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This phenomenon must be related to the vascular volume fraction stabilization during the inflammatory process and could explain the drug activity on inflammatory states. PMID- 7008002 TI - [Normal values of gastric acid secretion in Senegalese (author's transl)]. AB - From a sample of 70 selected after gastric biopsies and who presented no gastroduodenal illness was proposed a table of reference of values of gastric acid secretion in Senegalese in their base state and after stimulation with a subcutaneous injection of 6 microgrammes per kilo of pentagastrine. The method of calculation is taken entirely from the one proposed by Bernier and colleagues (1973). The flow (or hourly volume) found in the sample are established in comparison with the thin mass and more precisely with the exchangeable potassium that was obtained in relation to the weight, age and sex. The comparison with European's secretion shows differences statistically significant for stimulated secretion. The hourly volume (average and standard deviation) are calculated for all subject in relation to the weight, age and sex. PMID- 7008004 TI - [Peroxidase and human thyroid hormonosynthesis disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008003 TI - Cutaneous cholesterol assay using a micro-method and punch-biopsy in the detection of early arteriosclerosis. AB - Two methods of skin biopsy and cholesterol assay are compared. Skin cholesterol assay after punch-biopsy (micro-method) is better than the macro-method: skin cholesterol assay after surgical removal of a sample. Skin biopsy which was shown to give information on the arterial wall thus becomes an easily accessible routine technique. PMID- 7008005 TI - Evaluation of Micro-ID, for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Micro-ID system is a new identification kit for Enterobacteriaceae which provides the identification at the species level 4 hours after primary isolation. When compared with conventional biochemical tube media, micro-ID gave a 94% agreement. Comparison of Micro-ID with Api 20 E showed a 90% agreement. A comparison of all 3 systems showed that for 90% of the time, the isolates were named the same by the all systems. PMID- 7008006 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against human cell membrane antigens: a review. PMID- 7008007 TI - A reliable technique for making permanent preparations of bone marrow cultures. AB - By modifying several techniques for the permanent preparation of bone marrow cultures in semi-solid agar, we have developed a system which give reliable results in terms of a high success rate, morphological quality and cytochemical flexibility. PMID- 7008008 TI - Changing views of infant care 1914-1980. PMID- 7008009 TI - Science and scholarship in pediatrics. Presidential address, American Pediatric Society, 1979 annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 7008013 TI - [Complement changes in pneumonia and bronchospastic reactions in infants]. PMID- 7008011 TI - Ontogeny of secretory immunity: levels of secretory IgA and natural antibodies in saliva. AB - In 187 healthy subjects from 2 months to 27 years of age, secretory IgA and free secretory component were assayed in samples of whole saliva obtained before and after stimulation with lemon juice. Antibody titers against Escherichia coli O antigens and against rabbit erythrocytes were also dosed in unstimulated saliva. Secretory IgA, undetectable in newborns, was present in all 2-month-olds tested in both unstimulated and stimulated saliva; thereafter secretory IgA levels increased progressively, reaching adult values by 6 to 8 years in unstimulated saliva and already by 2 to 4 years in stimulated saliva. The antibody titers assessed in unstimulated saliva followed a similar pattern also reaching adult values by 6 to 8 years. On the other hand, free secretory component levels showed no significant variation with age in unstimulated saliva whereas a slight increase was observed in the first year of life in stimulated saliva. PMID- 7008012 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure impairs renal function in newborn goats. AB - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used routinely to improve oxygenation in newborns who have intrapulmonary shunts and hypoxemia tha tis refractory to usual oxygen therapy. Although the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of CPAP on newborns are well known, little information is available concerning the effect of CPAP on renal function. Therefore, we determined the effect of CPAP (7.5 cm H2O) on urine flow, sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate in six newborn goats that were lightly anesthetized with methoxyflurane. CPAP decreased urine flow, sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate. CPAP also decreased pulse pressure but did not change mean systemic arterial pressure or heart rate. We conclude that CPAP can impair renal function in newborns without significantly altering renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 7008014 TI - [Treatment of children with diuretics, particularly furosemide]. PMID- 7008010 TI - Twin siblings with a Reye's-like syndrome associated with an abnormal organic aciduria, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, and vomiting with close similarities to Jamaican vomiting sickness. PMID- 7008015 TI - [Fetal and neonatal thyroid function]. PMID- 7008016 TI - [Pneumatoceles and Escherichia coli pneumonia.. Apropos of 3 neonatal cases]. PMID- 7008017 TI - Mutual withdrawal... or Gwen Tudor revisited. PMID- 7008018 TI - NLN/APHA program for accreditation of home health agencies and community nursing services. PMID- 7008019 TI - [Gastrectomy with "primary" gastro-jejunal anastomosis. A new way of using mechanical suture instruments (author's transl)]. AB - A new way of performing Billroth II-type gastrectomy using mechanical suture instruments is described. After section and closure of the duodenum with a TA 55 stapler,, the stomach is exteriorized and the jejunal loop is brought into contact with its posterior surface. A GIA stapler is introduced into stab wounds in the stomach and jejunum, and the gastrectomy is performed. The anastomotic suture is included in the "secondary" gastric resection suture with one single application of a TA 90 stapler. This original resection technique, which ensures primary establishment of gastro-intestinal continuity, has been used on 52 occasions since 1973. There was no increase in mortality and no postoperative haemorrhage or fistula. The perfect quality of the anastomis was confirmed by control radiographic and endoscopic examinations. PMID- 7008020 TI - [Effects of labetalol, a new alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug, on arterial pressure, renal function and renin activity (author's transl)]. AB - Labetalol, a blocker of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors, was tried on 45 patients with severe (29 cases) or mild to moderate (16 cases) hypertension. After an initial period of dosage adjustment and a 2 months treatment in effective doses, there was a significant fall in supine blood pressure from mean values of 207/132 to 170/106 mmHg. In 23 patients hypertension was controlled by labetalol alone in doses of 400 and 1800 mg per day. True failures were rare (16%). Digestive disorders and postural hypotension were the most frequently encountered side effects; they obliged to discontinue treatment in 4 cases, but were compatible with it in 11 cases. In 22 patients the fall in BP was accompanied by a significant (p less than 0,001) decrease in plasma renin activity from 123 to 44 ng/l/min supine and from 144 to 83 ng/l/min standing. Studies of the renal function showed no changes during oral therapy. Following intravenous injection of 50 mg labetalol to 20 subjects, inulin and PAH clearances remained unaltered, and there was a significant, though transient (1 hour), decrease in chloride, sodium and phosphorus excretion. Effective in lowering blood pressure be used and well tolerated by the kidneys, labetalol can safely be used for the treatment of severe hypertension with organic renal involvement. PMID- 7008021 TI - [Ineffectiveness of poliomyelitis vaccine in the treatment of recurrent herpes. A double-blind comparative study with placebo]. PMID- 7008022 TI - [Bone marrow autograft]. PMID- 7008024 TI - [Prenatal echotomographic diagnosis of spina bifida]. PMID- 7008023 TI - [Studies of immunological status, following autologous bone marrow transplantation in man (author's transl)]. AB - Following transplant, circulating immunoglobulin levels fell moderately and remained depressed less than 2 months for IgG, and for variable and longer periods of time for IgM and IgA. Repeated quantitative determinations of antibodies against multiple antigens did not show any decrease in the pretransplant levels. Indeed some patients developed herpes and cytomegalovirus infections to which they responded by a sharp increase in antibody titers. In 2 cases, a primary immunization was demonstrated (against CMV and BK virus) with increasing levels of IgM and IgG antibodies. Lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood returned to 500 mm# between day 10 and 29 (median day 18) and to pretransplant values within 6 weeks. Non specific stimulation of lymphocytes by mitogens in the immediate post-transplant period showed a decreased response to PHA and Con A, whereas the responses to pokeweek mitogens and alloantigens were only slightly diminished. The degree of the responses was related to the dose of cryopreserved marrow infused. We conclude that:--although the minimum dose for autologous bone marrow transplantation in man is around 0,5 10(8) nucleated bone marrow cells/Kg, much higher doses should be used to ensure faster and better restoration of immune reactivity.--The similarity of the immunological dysfunction following autologous and allogeneous bone marrow transplantation suggest that, in the immediate post-transplant period, the role of GVHD in cellular immunity depression may be minimal. PMID- 7008025 TI - [Degranulation of human basophils in hydatidosis. Diagnostic value]. PMID- 7008026 TI - Selective 32P-labelling of individual species in a total tRNA population. AB - A simple procedure to label individual tRNA species in a total tRNA preparation has been developed. The principle of the method is as follows: total crude tRNA (from E. coli) is incubated in the presence of a crude aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase preparation, containing most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and only one specific amino acid corresponding to the tRNA species which is intended to be labelled. This achieves the purpose of charging the desired tRNA species thereby protecting its 3'OH-terminus; obviously all the other tRNA species will have a free 3'OH group. Periodate oxidation, followed by beta-elimination, destroys any free 3'OH. After deacylation of the specific aminoacylated tRNA at pH 8.8 the only free 3'OH group will be the one of the desired tRNA species. High specific activity (32P) pCp is ligated to this 3'OH by means of T4-RNA ligase. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PGE) and sequence analysis of the isolated tRNA show that the method is very specific. Individually labelled tRNA species can be used as probes for cloning tRNA genes. PMID- 7008027 TI - DNA sequence of the araC regulatory gene from Escherichia coli B/r. AB - The DNA sequence of the araC regulatory gene from Escherichia coli B/r has been determined by the base-specific chemical cleavage reactions of Maxam and Gilbert. An open reading frame is found which codes for a protein of 292 amino acids. A nonsense mutation, araC5, is shown to result from a G to A transition at nucleotide 429 converting the tryptophan codon TGG to the amber codon TAG. A deletion which does not recombine with any known point mutation in araC, delta(araCO)719, removes all but the last 22 codons of the gene. PMID- 7008028 TI - Yeast histone mRNA is polyadenylated. AB - Histone mRNA from S. cerevisiae has been identified and partially purified. The RNA is quantitatively retained on oligo (dT) cellulose or poly(U) sepharose as assayed by in vitro translation or hybridization of radiolabelled cloned yeast histone sequences to RNA immobilized on DBM paper. Retention of yeast histone mRNA on either of these chromatographic systems is most likely the result of polyadenylation since, when primed with oligo (dT), the RNA is an extremely good template for reverse transcriptase, as determined by hybrid arrest translation or by hybridization to D. melanogaster histone DNA sequences. PMID- 7008029 TI - Synthesis of the human insulin gene. Part III. Chemical synthesis of 5' phosphomonoester group containing deoxyribooligonucleotides by the modified phosphotriester method. Its application in the synthesis of seventeen fragments constituting human insulin C-chain DNA. AB - A method for phosphorylating a protected deoxyribooligonucleotide containing phosphotriester linkages is described. The modified phosphotriester method of chemical synthesis is further refined in terms of (i) better final deblocking conditions and (ii) new chromatography solvent systems containing acetone-water ethyl acetate to yield pure oligomers. The effectiveness of these improvements has been demonstrated in the rapid and efficient synthesis of seventeen fragments constituting the sequence of human insulin C-chain DNA. PMID- 7008031 TI - Two classes of Mu lig mutants: the thermosensitives for integration and replication and the hyperproducers for ligase. AB - We have previously shown that Mu restores an active DNA replication at non permissive temperature in E. coli K12 ligts7 strains. In this paper we describe two new types of phage mutants for the Mu lig function. The Mu ligts mutants are conditional lethals defective for both integration and replication of DNA, unable to 'complement' the bacterial lig mutation; the map between B and lys. The mutants of the other type, on the other hand, are able to restore to a maximum level the activity impaired by the ligts7 mutation in the host. We suggest the hypothesis that the product of Mu lig gene could be part of a complex as a topoisomerase. PMID- 7008030 TI - The structure of the yeast ribosomal RNA genes. I. The complete nucleotide sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The cloned 18 S ribosomal RNA gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been sequenced, using the Maxam-Gilbert procedure. From this data the complete sequence of 1789 nucleotides of the 18 S RNA was deduced. Extensive homology with many eucaryotic as well as E. coli ribosomal small subunit rRNA (S-rRNA) has been observed in the 3'-end region of the rRNA molecule. Comparison of the yeast 18 S rRNA sequences with partial sequence data, available for rRNAs of the other eucaryotes provides strong evidence that a substantial portion of the 18 S RNA sequence has been conserved in evolution. PMID- 7008033 TI - Leu-enkephalin purification from E. coli cells carrying the plasmid with fused synthetic leu-enkephalin gene. AB - Chemically synthesized leu-enkephalin gene was fused to a large Eco RI-Bam HI fragment of pBR322 along with a Eco RI fragment of Ch4A phage DNA carrying the promoter and most of the E.coli beta-galactosidase gene. The resulting recombinant DNA was used to transform E. coli cells. Transformants were screened for Tc-sensitivity, Am-resistance, and beta-galactosidase constitutional synthesis. Restriction endonuclease analysis combined with DNA sequencing of the plasmid DNAs revealed a complete nucleotide leu-enkephalin sequence and Eco RI lac-operon fragment in two possible orientations. Radioimmunoassay for leu enkephalin activity in BrCN-treated bacterial extracts showed that in vivo leu enkephalin is synthesized only in strains carrying plasmids with the proper lac fragment orientation. About 5.10(4) molecules of the former are synthesized per single E. coli cell. One of the clones was used for leu-enkephalin purification. Using 100 g of cells it is possible to obtain about 2 mg of practically pure leu enkephalin.Images PMID- 7008032 TI - DNA strand specificity in promoter recognition by RNA polymerase. AB - DNA strand and enzyme subunit specificities involved in the interaction between E. coli RNA polymerase and T7 DNA were studied by photo-crosslinking techniques. In non-specific enzyme-DNA complexes, subunits, sigma, beta, and beta' were crosslinked to both strands of the DNA. Under conditions leading to specific enzyme-promoter complexes, however, only sigma and beta subunits were crosslinked. The sigma subunit was crosslinked preferentially to the non-sense strand at promoter sites. No such strand specificity was observed for the beta subunit. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of promoter recognition and indicate that the interaction between RNA polymerase and DNA template is different at promoters and at non-specific sites. PMID- 7008035 TI - [Effectiveness of computer-assisted methods of evaluation of serial cerebral scintigrams (radionuclide angiography) (author's transl)]. AB - A validation was made of various published methods of computer processing of radionuclide angiography studies of the brain: qualitative and quantitative evaluation of count-rate curves from regular and irregular regions of interest, evaluation of images of the arterial, capillary and venous phase of the tracer transit and the evaluation of function images of the slope, the height of the maximum and the time of the maximum of the regional countrate curves. By logical combination of results from various methods, an attempt was made to improve the final diagnosis in terms of higher sensitivity and simultaneously higher overall accuracy. It was found that the logical "OR" combination of slope function images, qualitative comparison of curves from irregular ROIs and quotient of the maxima of these curves is an "acceptable" processing method for clinicians with average experience in nuclear medicine. This was demonstrated by a comparison of ROC curves. PMID- 7008036 TI - Infant welfare in the Bible. PMID- 7008034 TI - A DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli that releases free urea from a polydeoxyribonucleotide containing fragments of base residues. AB - A poly (dA, [2-14C]dT) copolymer has been synthesized using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Treatment of the polydeoxyribonucleotide with potassium permanganate converts the thymine residues to urea and N-substituted urea derivatives, while the adenine residues are resistant to oxidation. This damaged polymer has been annealed with an equimolar amount of poly (dT) to generate a double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide containing scattered fragmented base residues, which are radioactively labeled selectively. On incubation of the latter with crude cell extracts from E. coli, free urea is released by a DNA glycosylase activity. The enzyme has been partly purified, and appears to be different from previously studied DNA glycosylase. It shows a strong preference for a double-stranded substrate, exhibits no cofactor requirement, and has a molecular weight of 20000 - 25000. Since fragmentation of pyrimidine residues is a major type of base lesion introduced in DNA by exposure to ionizing radiation, it seems likely this DNA glycosylase is active in repair of X-ray-induced lesions. PMID- 7008037 TI - The development of psychiatric nursing education in England and Wales. PMID- 7008038 TI - The early history of the infant feeding bottle--1. PMID- 7008039 TI - The early history of the infant feeding bottle-2. PMID- 7008040 TI - Crisis at Gettysburg. PMID- 7008041 TI - Diploma of nursing. Part A: development of nursing as a profession. PMID- 7008042 TI - Full thickness burn. Grafting for success. PMID- 7008043 TI - Keratoconus. PMID- 7008044 TI - [Various aspects of food poisoning]. PMID- 7008045 TI - [Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax associated with menstruation (catamenial pneumothorax)]. PMID- 7008046 TI - [Ascorbic acid in oncology]. PMID- 7008048 TI - Efficacy of nifedipine in the treatment of angina pectoris and chronic airways obstruction. AB - Twenty patients suffering from angina pectoris with co-existing fixed or labile airways obstruction, were administered fortnightly treatment periods of nifedipine or matching placebo over an 8-week period. Maintenance treatment for their airways obstruction continued throughout this period. Nifedipine was found to be an effective drug in controlling their angina, and did not have an adverse effect on the airways obstruction. Both systolic and diastolic BP was reduced over a 90-min period after administration of a single dose of nifedipine. PMID- 7008049 TI - Staphylococcal septicaemia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis in dialysis and renal transplant patients. AB - Septicaemia is a common and potentially lethal hazard of haemodialysis and renal transplantation; it is usually caused by Staphylococcus pyogenes. In 6 patients with S. pyogenes septicaemia, fatal endocarditis and spinal osteomyelitis have each occurred once, and 3 patients have had recurrent episodes of septicaemia. The management of septicaemia in these patients must include a search for metastatic infection, and prolonged therapy with 2 antistaphylococcal agents is necessary to ensure eradication of infection. Access site infection in dialysis patients must be treated vigorously, and recognized as potentially hazardous by patients. The risk of sepsis in dialysis and transplant patients cannot be excluded, but devastating consequences may be avoided by simple measures. PMID- 7008050 TI - Life-threatening Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is common, but it is rarely life threatening. A case is reported in a previously healthy adult whose illness was severe enough to require treatment with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for 14 days and which resolved after treatment with corticosteroids. PMID- 7008047 TI - Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease. Effect of dietary fats on arterial thrombosis. AB - Epidemiological studies indicate that dietary saturated fats are implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). Human prospective studies have shown that diets low in long chain saturated fatty acids and enriched in linoleic acid are beneficial in CHD-prevention. Experiments in animals have shown that such diets diminish atherosclerosis and the tendency to arterial thrombosis; they also lower the ability of platelets to aggregate in animals and in man. The mechanisms by which these diets produce these effects are not yet completely understood. Platelets and vascular prostaglandin-like substances may be involved as well as platelet membrane fluidity and platelet coagulant activities. On the basis of the available evidence, measures to decrease the intake of long chain saturated fatty acids (concomitant with an enhanced consumption of linoleic acid-rich products) are justified. Although certain marine oils may also have anti-thrombotic properties the possibility of undesirable side effects compels extensive investigation before their wide-spread use can be recommended. PMID- 7008051 TI - [Relaxation therapy with Thomas. First steps on a new path]. PMID- 7008052 TI - Directory of active and emeritus members: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. PMID- 7008053 TI - Quantitation of platelets in the microcirculation. Measurement of indium-111 in microthrombi induced in rabbits by inflammatory lesions and related phenomena. PMID- 7008054 TI - Uric acid-induced decrease in rat insulin secretion. PMID- 7008055 TI - Effects of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 on perinatal pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7008057 TI - Cardiovascular responses to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in the dogs. PMID- 7008056 TI - The renin-angiotensin system and renal prostaglandin E2 release in dogs. PMID- 7008058 TI - Studies of potential organo-fluorine antibacterial agents. Part 5: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new fluorine-containing indole-2,3-dione derivatives. AB - A series of new 1-dialkylaminoacetyl-5/6-fluoroindole-2,3-diones and 3 arylhydrazino-5/6-fluoro-1-morpholinomethylindol-2-ones have been synthesized; the former by the reaction of different secondary amines with N-chloro-acetyl-5/6 fluoroindole-2,3-diones and the latter, by the condensation of substituted phenylhydrazines with 5/6-fluoro-1-morpholinomethylindole-2,3-diones. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by their IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. These compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activity against the Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus albus and the Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli. PMID- 7008060 TI - The looped square knot: a useful suture method. AB - We present a suture method that allows removal of the stitches postoperatively without using scissors. This technique should have wide use in plastic surgery, especially for infants. PMID- 7008059 TI - Survival following vascular compromise in an island skin flap. AB - A model for evaluating vascular compromise in an island skin flap is presented. Survival is seen earliest following loss of the artery. Both artery and vein ligation groups show equal survival from the second day on with complete survival after the third day. Longer healing, up to 5 days, is required before the loss of both vessels can be withstood. Survival of island flaps in Wistar rats is not dependent on circulation through the vascular pedicle after 3 to 5 days. PMID- 7008061 TI - Role of hypotension induced by PGI2 on the control of depth and frequency of breathing. AB - We studied the respiratory response to infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) in 7 anaesthetized pigs in an attempt to understand whether the changes in pattern of breathing were due to a direct action of the substance or to the concomitant hypotensive effect. The depth and frequency of breathing were analyzed in terms of the threshold-inhibition curve for termination of inspiration (VT/TI relationship) and of bulbo-pontine rhythm, estimated from inspiratory and expiratory time during occlusion of the airways at the end expiratory level (TE/TI relationship). This provide the central respiratory rhythm when the phasic lung volume receives no input from pulmonary stretch receptors. The hypotension induced by PGI2 increased pulmonary ventilation mainly through a change in VT and caused a slight rightward displacement of VT/TI relationship without modifying the slope of the curve. This effect seems to be vagally mediated. PGI2 also changed the bulbo-pontine rhythm. Our results show that PGI2 modifies the vagal discharge and bulbo-pontine rhythm by two opposite mechanisms: hypotension and an apparent direct action on carotid and aortic baroreceptors. PMID- 7008062 TI - The renin--kallikrein--prostaglandin system: plasma active and inactive renin and urinary kallikrein during prostacyclin infusion in man. AB - Renal prostaglandins are integrated with the kallikrein-kinin and renin angiotension systems in a vasoactive hormone complex. Prostacyclin potently stimulates renin release from rabbit cortical slices and plasma renin activity rises in response to prostacyclin infusion in man. Prostaglandins also stimulate the production of kallikrein, a potential activator of renin in vivo. To investigate the mechanism of prostacyclin induced renin release, human volunteers were infused with prostacyclin 8ngKg-1min-1 and vehicle alone in random order. Despite a marked increase in plasma active renin during prostacyclin both plasma inactive renin and urinary kallikrein failed to alter from control values. Urinary sodium and volume were increased by prostacyclin. The stimulation of renin by intravenous prostacyclin is not mediated by activation of the kallikrein system. PMID- 7008063 TI - [Evaluation of the anti-anxiety and side effects of propranolol]. PMID- 7008064 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of treating delirium tremens]. PMID- 7008065 TI - [Deficit of mental functions in affective disorders]. PMID- 7008066 TI - [Psychiatric aid on the battlefield-evolution of views and methods]. PMID- 7008067 TI - [Dr. Magorzata Dominik (1941-1979)]. PMID- 7008068 TI - [Prof. Janina Doroszewska (1900-1979)]. PMID- 7008070 TI - Carotid dP/dt as a psychophysiological index of sympathetic myocardial effects: some considerations. PMID- 7008069 TI - Research issues in psychological studies of chronic dialysis. AB - Research examining the psychological and psychosocial effects of chronic dialysis has produced numerous controversial issues, such as the role of denial in emotional adjustment and the relationship of intelligence of vocational rehabilitation in dialysis patients. Inconsistent findings leading to these controversies are attributable in part to variance in research design and to shortcomings in methodology and reporting of data. The present article briefly reviews methodological factors not previously addressed in critiques of dialysis research, focusing on subject selection, subject description, illness measures, assessment procedures, conditions of testing, comparison groups, and data analysis. It is concluded that consideration of these factors in the design and conduct of studies will enhance the quality of research in this area. PMID- 7008072 TI - Plasma renin in hypertensive patients: significance in relation to clinical and other biochemical features. AB - Presenting features of 221 hypertensive patients were examined in relation to plasma renin. One hundred and seventy-six patients had essential hypertension, of these 47 had high plasma renin activity (PRA), 80 had normal PRA and 49 low PRA. When the groups with high and low PRA were compared with age and sex matched patients with normal PRA there was no difference with respect to clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic and biochemical characteristics. Twenty-five patients had radiological evidence of unilateral renal or renovascular disease and twenty patients had accelerated hypertension with advanced fundal changes: both these groups had more severe hypertension, a higher plasma renin and evidence of greater cardiovascular morbidity than patients with essential hypertension. Morbidity was equally high in patients with accelerated hypertension whether PRA was high or normal. There is therefore no evidence to support the view that renin is an important factor in assessing risk in hypertension. If, on the other hand, specially referred patients with renovascular and accelerated hypertension are pooled with other hypertensive patients, a spurious association between renin and cardiovascular morbidity will be created. PMID- 7008073 TI - Effects of 120- to 165-nm vacuum-uv light on wet yeast cells. PMID- 7008071 TI - Comparison of four biofeedback treatments for migraine headache: physiological and headache variables. AB - Forty-two migraine headache patients participated in an appraisal of biofeedback for differential finger warming--forehead cooling, frontalis EMG relaxation, alpha enhancement and vasoconstriction of the temporal scalp arteries. All patients provided 8 weeks of baseline charting of headache and then received 24 training sessions in one of the above conditions. Headache charting continued throughout training and for 8 months posttraining. During the training period measures were made of each biofeedback variable plus forehead temperature, heart rate, skin conductance, and finger pulse amplitude. Analyses revealed that all groups had a significant reduction in number of headaches per week with no change in intensity, disability or length of headache. Physiological changes were consistently small and unrelated to headache outcome. A nonspecific effect for biofeedback is suggested with the likely candidates being a relaxation phenomenon or a cognitive explanation based upon perceived control. PMID- 7008074 TI - Yield of DNA strand breaks and their relationship to DNA polymerase I-dependent repair synthesis and ligation following X-ray exposure of toluene-treated Escherichia coli. PMID- 7008075 TI - Linear dose response of gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae after ionizing radiation. PMID- 7008076 TI - Renal venous renin sampling. Prospective study of technique and methods. AB - During a three-year period, 107 patients undergoing renal arteriography were studied to evaluate the influence of renin sampling techniques and contrast material administration on renal venous renin activity. Plasma renin activity was nearly equal in three extrarenal sampling sites (antecubital vein, aorta, and lower inferior vena cava). Values for renal vein renin activity obtained with a single catheter (nonsimultaneous sampling) did not differ significantly from those obtained with two catheters (simultaneous sampling). Similarly, contrast material had no significant effect on renal vein renin activity levels. Thus, in hypertensive patients, sampling for renal venous renin activity can be performed accurately with a single venous catheter after renovascular disease has been demonstrated by arteriography. PMID- 7008077 TI - Ultrasound in acute renal transplant rejection. AB - Gray-scale ultrasound and biopsy were compared in 63 patients with suspected acute kidney allograft rejection. Sonographic findings of increased size and decreased echogenicity of renal pyramide, focal zones of sonolucency in renal cortex, and patchy sonolucent areas involving both cortex and medulla with coalescence correlated well with biopsy in 46 out of 50 patients (92%) treated for acute rejection (sensitivity = 0.92). Abnormal perirenal fluid collection was encountered in three out of 60 patients (5%). Out of 63 sonographic studies, 10 (16%) gave either false positive (6) or false negative (4) results for an overall accuracy of 85%. PMID- 7008078 TI - Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: the role of intraoperative mapping and consideration of the presently available surgical techniques. PMID- 7008079 TI - Arrhythmias in the first hours of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7008081 TI - Ferritin: molecular structure and iron-storage mechanisms. PMID- 7008080 TI - Spectrum of cardiovascular function during gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 7008083 TI - [Synergistic factor: an enhancing agent for the infection of insect baculovirus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008082 TI - Bifurcation in the privileged two-dimensional reaction-diffusion system as the ligand-induced redistribution, and biochemical control as its functional significance. PMID- 7008084 TI - [Initiation mechanism of blood coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008085 TI - [Toward higher-order structures of proteins from their primary sequences (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008086 TI - [Structure and mode of action of bacterial toxins: cell membrane damaging toxins and ADP-ribosylating toxins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008088 TI - [Metallothionein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008087 TI - [Preparation and application of neoglycoproteins and similar synthetic polymers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008089 TI - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on bovine plasma progesterone and LH concentrations. AB - Injections of 1 mg PGI2 directly into the bovine corpus luteum significantly increased peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations within 5 min. Concentrations were higher in the PGI2-treated heifers than in saline-injected controls between 5 and 150 min and at 3.5, 4, 5, and 7 h post-treatment. Levels tended to remain elevated through 14 h. Saline and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were without effect on plasma progesterone levels. The luteotrophic effect of PGI2 was not due to alterations in circulating LH concentrations. An in vitro experiment assessed the effects of either PGI2 alone or in combination with LH on progesterone production by dispersed luteal cells. Progesterone accumulation over 2 h for control, 5 ng LH, 1 microgram PGI2, 10 micrograms PGI2, and 10 micrograms PGI2 plus 5 ng LH averaged 99 +/- 42, 353 +/- 70, 152 +/- 35, 252 +/- 45, and 287 +/- 66 ng/ml (n = 4), respectively. Thus PGI2 has luteotrophic effects on the bovine CL both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7008090 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. AB - We have compared the production of prostaglandins in fibroblast-like cells and endothelial cells in culture. Of the fibroblasts studied 10T1/2, SHE, BP6T and KD produce significant amounts of PGI2, PGE2 and PGF2F2 under optimal culture conditions, but only 3T3 and BHK produce TXA2 in addition to PGI2. The adult bovine aortic endothelial cells (ABAE) and fetal bovine heart endothelium (FBHE) synthesise PGI2 but not TXA2, either from endogenous or exogenous substrates. Both cultured endothelial cells and fibroblasts apparently lack 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase pathway and the ability to convert 6-Keto PGF1 alpha into 6-Keto PGE1. PGI2 production by ABAE was 3-5 times that of FBHE, about twice that of SHE cells and 6-8 times that of 10T1/2 or BP6T cells. Supernatants or media obtained from these cells inhibited aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma, a known biological effect of PGI2. This effect was abolished when cell monolayers were preincubated with indomethacin or tranylcypromine. RIA and chromatographic data of 6-Keto PGF1 alpha from these experiments confirmed that the inhibition of platelet aggregation was due to the formation of PGI2. The production of all prostanoids by endothelial cells or fibroflasts was significantly higher during the exponential phase of growth as compared to confluent monolayers. We propose that fibroblasts 10T1/2 or SHE can serve as useful experimental models for the study of metabolism and transport of PGI2 and/or TXA2 in cells of nonendothelial nature. PMID- 7008091 TI - Albumins stabilize prostaglandin I2. AB - We monitored the chemical stability of prostaglandin I2 in the presence of different plasma proteins. PGI2 hydrolyzes by first order reaction kinetics, dependent on the albumin concentration in aqueous buffers. Chemical analysis shows that vertebrate albumins prolong the half-life of prostaglandin I2. The degree of stabilization varies quantitatively among different species. The results indicate that prostaglandin I2 may persist in its active form longer than previously supposed in some experimental conditions. PMID- 7008093 TI - ["Mimi presents a bouquet to Madame Grenouillet". A psychoanalytic study of the path taken by the 4-year-old Paul Klee's fantasy in a childhood drawing]. PMID- 7008094 TI - [Treatment of mild and moderate essential arterial hypertension with captopril]. PMID- 7008095 TI - [Treatment of severe arterial hypertension with captopril]. PMID- 7008092 TI - Inhibition of platelet factor 3 availability by prostacyclin. AB - Preincubation of human platelet rich plasma with PGI2 in a concentration preventing collagen induced platelet aggregation abolished also platelet factor 3 availability brought about by collagen. Following PGI2 pretreatment no second wave aggregation could be elicited by ristocetin. However, primary aggregation as well as platelet factor 3 activity were only partially inhibited in this case and the inhibitory action of PGI2 was not increased by raising its concentration. Similarly, marked but not complete inhibition of platelet factor 3 availability was obtained when kaolin was used as activating agent. PMID- 7008096 TI - [From medical police to social medicine: a genetic analysis]. PMID- 7008097 TI - [Chronic apical periodontitis]. PMID- 7008098 TI - [Management of post-traumatic subtotal reconstruction of the mandible--apropos of a case]. PMID- 7008099 TI - [Gingival tolerance to intermediate bridge elements]. AB - Factors affecting gingival response to pontics are the design, the material used and its roughness and the pressure exerted on the ridge. With a triangular ridge and a large available space, gingival health is promoted by ridge-lap pontics, (with large gingival and lingual embrasures) contacting the ridge with a glazed porcelain or a highly polished gold surface, and without pressure. With a rounded ridge and a narrow available space, modified-saddle pontics are used and the bucco-lingual width is reduced. PMID- 7008100 TI - [Hemostasis deficiencies in stomatological practice]. PMID- 7008102 TI - [Bioavailability of 2 different rifampicin preparations]. PMID- 7008101 TI - [Changes in the course of acute renal insufficiency by glycerol]. PMID- 7008103 TI - [Dengue. I. Historical antecedents; etiological agents; clinical picture]. AB - A bibliographic review of the dengue virus involving the 1952-1978 period and including viral characteristics (serotypes, physical and biological properties, susceptibility within different biological systems, antigenic characteristics, chemical constitution and viral multiplication) and the clinical picture of the disease is made. PMID- 7008104 TI - [Streptococcal infection in a primary school population. Study during the academic year]. AB - One hundred and seventy four children from the "Republica de Checoslovaquia" National School of the Centro Habana-Norte municipality were investigated during the 1976-1977 academic course months. The method of mail interview of parents was used. Every month the history of oropharyngeal infection and antibiotic administration was obtained, and bacteriology of pharyngeal exudates was performed. Antistreptolysin or AELO titers were determined at three-month intervals. Cardiovascular physical examinations were made and electrocardiograms obtained during the last month. 19,22% of exudates were positive for hemolytic streptococci. 46,56% of streptococcal strains isolated corresponded to the group A. Hemolytic streptococci isolation ranged between 10,4% in October, 1976 and 36,1% in April, 1977. The monthly distribution of the different serological groups of isolated hemolytic streptococci disclosed statistically significant differences. 78,26% of the 667 AELO reactions corresponded to titers of 200 or more Todd units. Average titers in the four stages of the serological study are between 382,42 and 463,92 Todd units. Significative differences between the results of bacteriology and serology and the physical state of oropharynx or the history of clinical manifestations were not evidenced. Manifestations of carditis or rheumatic fever were not found. PMID- 7008105 TI - [Notes on bites of the snake Alsophis cantherigerus Bibron (Reptilia-Serpentes colubridae) in Cuba]. AB - The two single cases of persons who were bitten by the abundant and current species of Cuban snake which is commonly known as "jubo" (Alsophis cantherigerus) and the bothersome lesions as a result of the enzymatic content of its saliva are reported. Likewise there are in the Antilles region other species of that genus which also cause such lesions since they also have the same characteristic. Bibliography on these ophidia and their main toxicology are pointed out. PMID- 7008107 TI - [Report on the collection of nests of Biomphalaria spp in the laboratory]. AB - A simple method for counting, observing and collecting eggs of three Biomphalaria species kept under culture is reported. The advantages of the method in statistical studies and in the case the nest is to be isolated in order to follow its behavior according to age, etc., are exposed. PMID- 7008106 TI - [Urticaria as a clinical manifestation of intestinal parasitism]. AB - The main goal of this paper is to call the attention of general practitioners and internists on the different affections which may involve urticaria as a clinical manifestations. A differential diagnosis of the causes of urticaria with an allergic and a nonallergic pathogenesis is made. Intestinal parasitism is among the first causes of urticaria. Six cases studied at the allergy service which had been referred from health areas or other hospital services are reviewed and reported. In these patients, a total regression of the clinical picture was achieved once intestinal parasitism was eradicated. PMID- 7008108 TI - [Toxoplasmosis. Diagnostic considerations. Results of various studies]. AB - Toxoplasmosis as a human disease is briefly described. Concerned investigations developed in Cuba and some aspects of immunological tests performed in our country are pointed out. Results of studies conducted at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology between 1974 and 1978 are disclosed, and an increase of the number of tests is evidenced. In the thesis work of Dr. G. Delgado it was proved the high sensitivity of the complement fixation test regarding toxoplasmin. For these reasons, it is desirable the decentralization of the laboratory diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 7008109 TI - [Intestinal perforation by Ascaris lumbricoides]. AB - The case of an adult patient who while being admitted to the Injured Patients Hospital of Prenda, Luanda, Popular Republic of Angola, due to a right tibial fracture had an acute abdominal picture is reported. The patient was operated on and it was found a small intestinal perforation by Ascaris lumbricoides. The operation and his uneventful postoperative evolution are described. World and national medical literatures are reviewed. PMID- 7008110 TI - [The control of international travelers in Cuba]. PMID- 7008111 TI - [Descending urogram in the evaluation of the complications of urinary schistosomiasis]. AB - Fifty patients with a diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis who had been assisted at the "Maria Pia" and "Americo Boavida" Hospitals, Luanda, Popular Republic of Angola, were studied. They underwent urine parasitology, cystoscopy and descending urography. Comparative studies between radiographic findings and global results of cystoscopies and urine parasitology were conducted. A higher incidence between the second and the third life decades was evidenced. 78% of patients had vesical calcifications; 72%, urethritis; 40%, ureterohydronephrosis; 4%, excluded kidneys; 4%, vesical cancer; and 2%, lithiasis. Altered descending urograms were obtained in 94% of patients. Positive urine parasitology involved 18% of patients. Cystoscopy was positive in 100% of patients. It is concluded that the cystoscopic study is highly important in diagnosing the disease and its complications. PMID- 7008112 TI - [Spina-bifida and anencephaly. Geographic distribution, correlation with HLA system (author's transl)]. AB - Geographical variation in the incidence of an Anencephaly and Spina-Bifida is well documented. The highest rates for these malformations were found in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and in Western regions of England. These rates decrease progressively towards eastern Europe. In France the highest rates were found in some regions of Brittany. The geographical correlations between the mortality rates of Spina-Bifida and incidence of Spina-Bifida and Anencephaly and the HLA antigen frequencies are studied. There is a positive correlation with A1 and B8 and a negative one with B5 and BW35. The role of the HLA system in these associations is discussed. PMID- 7008114 TI - [Epidemiology, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (author's transl)]. AB - The iron losses/requirements of children, adolescents, adult men and women, pregnant and lactating women are presented and interpreted in the light of present information concerning the intestinal iron absorption. This helps to explain the high frequency of iron deficiency during childhood and in fertile women. The problems affecting treatment as well as the various approaches to iron deficiency prevention are also discussed. PMID- 7008113 TI - [Adaptation to life events: its measure and effect upon health. A review from 1975 to 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - Results which appeared since 1975 concerning the measure of adaptation to life events and its possible relation with health status are analysed. A part of research is devoted to determining good measures of this adaptation. The research workers agree on the use of scales built from lists of varying events weighted according to the principles described in the article. With regard to the association of these events with health, this review confirms the positive results obtained in the case of some unique severe events, and the imprecise results in the case of events taken together and requiring a more complex adaptation. From the point of view of the epidemiologist, we make three inferences: retrospective studies should be avoided, distinction between mental health and physical health should be deemphasized, studies of adaptative life events should be pursued individually rather than as a whole. PMID- 7008117 TI - [Changes in specific cellular immunity in cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 7008115 TI - [Genevieve Arfel-Capdevielle, 1922-1979]. PMID- 7008118 TI - [Physiopathology of diffuse and bullous emphysema (author's transl)]. AB - In emphysema, structural modifications (alveolar distension with destruction of the walls and of the pulmonary capillary bed) contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological disorders, such as increase of the static pulmonary volumes, loss of elastic recoil, impairment in gas transfer. In panlobular emphysema, the simultaneous destruction of ventilatory and circulatory structures explains the absence of shunt effect. The loss of elastic recoil is the main cause of maximal expiratory flow limitation and of bronchial obstruction which is qualified as "extrinsic". For a same degree of bronchial expiratory obstruction, the disorders of gas exchange and pulmonary haemodynamics are less pronounced in emphysema (panlobular) than in chronic bronchitis. The effects of voluminous bullae associated with diffuse emphysema are difficult to study and to demonstrate. The bullae accentuate the altered elastic properties of the emphysematous lung and contribute therefore to the expiratory flow limitation. The bullae are usually neither ventilated nor perfused; a dead-space effect is thus rare, but should be investigated. The effects of compression by the bullae of the adjacent parenchyma (excepting the haemodynamic effects) can be evaluated only by relatively sophisticated regional exploration methods, while taking into account morphological data (X-ray, angiography). PMID- 7008116 TI - [Electro-encephalographic study in 25 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Standard EEG tracings were recorded in 25 patients with anatomically confirmed Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease. A total of 82 recordings were studied, and were found to conform with those previously described. More particularly, the periodic paroxystic tracing described by Nevin in 1954 was observed in 16 cases, but these were of late onset, frequent, and non-specific. By adopting the anatomical classification described by Daniel (1972), the authors were able to obtain some evidence of electro-anatomical correlations in some cases, but confirmation by means of a larger series of patients is necessary. PMID- 7008120 TI - [Infantile necrotizing enterocolitis]. PMID- 7008119 TI - [Current problems in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7008121 TI - [Correlations between clinical EEG and neuroradiological examinations in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7008122 TI - [Prolonged therapeutic use of corticosteroids. Indications and risks]. PMID- 7008123 TI - Artificial feeds for the young infant. Report of the Working Party on the Composition of Foods for Infants and Young Children, Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. PMID- 7008124 TI - Rickets and osteomalacia. Report of the Working Party on Fortification of Food with Vitamin D. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. PMID- 7008126 TI - [A bacteriological study of 300 clinical specimens from patients suspected of having anaerobic infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008125 TI - Serological relationship between a large Babesia found in Japanese cattle and Babesia major, B bigemina and B bovis. AB - Immunofluorescent methods were used to study the serological relationships between a Japanese Babesia species and three other Babesia species (B major, B bigemina and B bovis). All the sera were obtained at intervals from five splenectomised calves each infected experimentally with five strains of the four parasites. The antibody titre of each serum was determined by the use of homologous and heterologous antigens. The reactions between homologous antigens and their serial antisera were consistently higher than those obtained with heterologous antigens. It was concluded that the Japanese Babesia species (Miyake strain) was distinguished from B major (British and Dutch strains), B bigemina (Kochinda strain) and B bovis (Miyara strain). PMID- 7008127 TI - [The psychiatric ideas of Jose Ramon Elguero, M.D., physician at the "Casa de Locos" (the House of Mads) in Santiago, 1862) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008128 TI - [Intracranial hypertension and continuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure in neurosurgical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008130 TI - [New drugs in cancer chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008131 TI - [Recollection from the past: good medical care which Ambroise Pare gave to a Prince in Hainaut and the success he had with it]. PMID- 7008129 TI - [A case of malaric encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008132 TI - [Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclin and leucotrienes]. PMID- 7008133 TI - [Homeopathy]. PMID- 7008134 TI - [The choice of a method of contraception during adolescence]. PMID- 7008136 TI - [Association of insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes with optic atrophy (DMOA syndrome)]. PMID- 7008135 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal control. Structural and functional findings]. PMID- 7008137 TI - [The Hopital de l'Enfance from 1861 to 1979]. PMID- 7008138 TI - [Historical development of surgery of the flexor tendons]. PMID- 7008139 TI - [Organ transplantation. The physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 7008140 TI - [Application of a test of cellular fusion in Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Alzheimer diseases (author's transl)]. AB - We have tested the in vitro cellular fusing activity of brain suspensions from the following categories of patients: CJD (53 cases), Alzheimer (23 cases), and non-neurological controls (25 cases). CSF specimens were also available for 26 of the CJD patients. Our results show that 65-75 per cent of CJD brain specimens induce cell fusion but that this activity is only rarely reflected in matched CSF specimens. Among other types of degenerative neurological diseases, a sharp distinction appeared between familial Alzheimer disease, which caused fusion at nearly the same frequency as CJD, and sporadic Alzheimer disease, which was not significantly different from the non-neurological control specimens. The biological and clinical significance of these results are discussed. PMID- 7008141 TI - [Apexification. Treatment of pulpless incompletely developed teeth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008144 TI - [Modeling technique based on the "long and wide centric" concept]. PMID- 7008143 TI - [Treatment of Kennedy Class IV maxillary edentulousness with removable prostheses]. PMID- 7008142 TI - [Effect of treatments before firing of the porcelain on the resistance of the ceramic-metallic bond]. PMID- 7008145 TI - Developmental aspects, A, B, H, Lewis, I, i and Pr antigens in human kidney. PMID- 7008146 TI - Structural and biological aspects of blood group I and i antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins. AB - I and i oligosaccharide sequences are carried on a multiplicity of glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. They occur as accessible or as partially or totally masked antigens on the surface of diverse cell types and in certain secretions. Changes in their expression may occur during differentiation, development, cell cycle and oncogenesis. There is suggestive evidence that they may be coupled to receptor systems on lymphocyte membranes. Monoclonal anti-I and i antibodies hold promise as reagents in biological chemistry. PMID- 7008148 TI - [The nursing profession in search of its history 1870-1980]. PMID- 7008147 TI - [Is it necessary to administer tranquilizers as pre-endoscopic medication?]. AB - A prospective randomized study of 204 consecutive upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed with a flexible esophago gastroduodenoscope was made to determine the efficacy of diazepam as compared to the lack of sedation as pre medication. The mental attitude of the ambulatory patients was assessed prior to the endoscopy. It was found that calm patients were satisfactorily endoscoped with or without sedation. The anxious patient had an unsatisfactory endoscopy more frequently when no sedative was used. Those patients with complication conditions (hypovolemia, liver failure, anemia, cardiac failure, etc.) were adequately studied with or without sedation. Age or sex of patients did not affect results in either group. Results show that a majority of patients can be satisfactorily endoscoped without sedation. PMID- 7008150 TI - The effect of low molecular weight protein loads on renal tubular function. PMID- 7008149 TI - [Indirect immunofluorescence reaction and intradermoreaction for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in residents of the Jacarepagua region (Rio de Janeiro). Comparative study of results observed in 1974 and 1978]. PMID- 7008151 TI - Value of serum ferritin for determination of body iron stores in patients on chronic haemodialysis and after kidney transplantation. PMID- 7008153 TI - Long-term outcome and clinical significance of orthostatic proteinuria. PMID- 7008152 TI - Tubuloproteinuria in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7008154 TI - Standardisation in relation to human albumin. PMID- 7008155 TI - beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) in maternal serum as a diagnostic aid in ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7008156 TI - Significance of acetylcholine receptor antibody in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7008157 TI - A comparative study of three ANA assays. PMID- 7008158 TI - Immune complexes in human myeloma and rat immunocytoma. PMID- 7008159 TI - Cryopheresis in cryoglobulinemia (a model for the in vivo removal of immune complexes). PMID- 7008160 TI - Complement activation in acute glomerulonephritis in children. PMID- 7008161 TI - [Cellular immunity and immune status]. PMID- 7008163 TI - Claude Bernard between history and the "principles" of science. PMID- 7008162 TI - [Fetal pulmonary maturity, II. Diagnosis]. PMID- 7008164 TI - "Once upon a time there was a king...". PMID- 7008165 TI - [Viral hepatitis: etiological aspects]. PMID- 7008166 TI - [Immunological assay of beta-1-SP-1-glycoprotein applied to obstetric diagnosis: review of the literature and serum levels in normal and pathological pregnancies]. PMID- 7008167 TI - [Kleine-Levin syndrome]. AB - A case of a 15 years old boy with a Kleine-Levin syndrome is presented. Neurological examination and X-ray studies, including pneumoencephalography, were normal. Laboratory findings were also normal except for a flattened response to glucose load. The EEG was mildly abnormal, showing bifrontal discharges at 3 c/s, a finding already presented in other cases of Kleine-Levin syndrome. The differential diagnoses among the group of periodic hypersomnias is discussed. PMID- 7008168 TI - [Malignant extradural spinal cord compression in childhood: diagnostic, surgical, and prognostic considerations with respect to 6 cases]. AB - The authors report six cases of malignant extradural spinal tumors in childhood (3 sarcomas, 2 neuroblastomas and one metastasis). They emphasize the different frequency of these tumors in infants and in adults, the clinical diversity between the primitive and metastatic tumors and the necessity of an early surgical treatment followed by the radiotherapy in the primitive tumors, because of the possibility of long survival. PMID- 7008169 TI - [The treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7008170 TI - [Prospects in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 7008172 TI - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from man to guinea pigs. Pathomorphological study of the central nervous system in animals with the experimental disease. PMID- 7008173 TI - [Methodical standardization for the clinical use of the LAI test]. PMID- 7008174 TI - Limitations of oxygen saturation method for measurement of left-to-right shunt during oxygen breathing. PMID- 7008175 TI - Serum levels of IgD during rejection of renal allograft. PMID- 7008171 TI - [When should insulin be resorted to in late diabetes of the adult or in diabetes of the obese?]. PMID- 7008176 TI - Solid phase ELISA for serum ferritin. AB - We describe a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for human serum ferritin, with the use of polyethylene glycol to shorten the reaction. The amount of bound enzyme antibody conjugate used as a second site antibody is proportional to the ferritin titre in the assay. This method is fast, and the reagents are stable for many months at 4 degrees C. The lowest detectable concentration was 5 micrograms/l. Interassay coefficients of variation were 9.3 and 12.2%, respectively, at ferritin concentrations of 100 micrograms/l and 200 micrograms/l. The data also show that polyethylene glycol accelerates antigen-antibody complex formation in the solid phase. An assay may be completed in 5 h. PMID- 7008178 TI - Distribution and forms of iodine in human oral cavity. AB - Neither iodinated proteins nor iodinated, low-molecular weight compounds (e.g. iodinated tyrosine derivatives) could be detected in concentrated human salivary supernatant by using the Ce(SO4)2-method either directly or after thin-layer chromatography. Salivary sediment contained free I- ions, loosely bound iodine (released with saline) and strongly bound iodine (released with sonication, detergent and acid hydrolysis). A positive correlation between salivary and crevicular excretion of I- from plasma was observed. Thiocyanate ions, which competitively inhibit peroxidase-catalysed oxidation and iodination reactions and which are abundant in human saliva, possibly prevent the coupling of I- to protein in vivo although some human salivary proteins are very susceptible to iodination in vitro. PMID- 7008179 TI - Effect of thickness of peridental restorations on the casting precision. AB - The present study has shown that the precision of peridental gold alloy castings depends both on the specific properties of the investment used and on the thickness of the pattern. In all cases the inside diameter of the castings decreased with increasing thickness. The most accurate results were obtained with an experimental investment characterized by a setting expansion of 0.05%, a thermal expansion high enough to compensate for the alloy contraction during cooling from solidus to room temperature, and a compressive strength of only 27 kg/cm2 at 670 degrees C. PMID- 7008177 TI - Dentition on Umm an-Nar (Trucial Oman), 2500 B.C. AB - Teeth and jaws excavated from three burial cairns on the island of Umm an-Nar outside Abu Dhabi were examined. Dating: 2500 B.C. The number of individuals buried was estimated from the dentitions. In spite of the bad condition of the sparse material an attempt was made to give an impression of non-metric and metric traits of the teeth. The teeth showed Caucasoid but no Mongoloid traits. They were small, worn at an early age, with abundant calculus, multiple fractures but no carious lesions. The percentages of agenesis of third molars in the three graves were equal. Alveoloclasia appeared frequently. The population would seem to be hunters and fishermen rather than agriculturists. PMID- 7008180 TI - Serum vitamin B12 and erythrocyte folate in chronic uraemia and after renal transplantation. AB - Serum B12 and erythrocyte folate were measured in 16 non-dialysed uraemic patients, 28 peritoneal dialysed patients, 28 haemodialysed patients, 14 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function and 49 healthy control subjects. Serum B12 values in non-dialysed uraemic patients were higher than in control subjects (P less than 0.01). Serum B12 values in peritoneal dialysed, haemodialysed and transplanted patients were not significantly different from the control group. Erythrocyte folate values in non-dialysed uraemic patients were lower than in controls (P less than 0.03), but all subjects had values within the normal range. Erythrocyte folate values in peritoneal dialysed, haemodialysed and renal transplanted patients were not significantly different from the control group, although 2 peritoneal and 6 haemodialysed patients had subnormal values. Blood and bone marrow examination, performed in 64 patients, demonstrated no megaloblastic changes. PMID- 7008181 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and IgG heavy chain disease. AB - A 64-year-old woman who has suffered from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia since 1976 is discussed. In 1978, an abnormal protein component was found in her serum by means of immunoelectrophoresis. Using the techniques of immunoselection of the serum immunoglobulins and immunofluorescence of the bone marrow cells, it was demonstrated that this component consists of IgG1 heavy chains only. The native protein, COL, consisted of a dimer linked by disulphide bonds of a molecular weight of 80 000 daltons. Its monomeric unit had a molecular weight of 40 000 daltons, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. Protein COL was not produced by the leukaemic cells (which bore IgM-lambda on their membrane) but by a morphologically distinct clone of lymphoid cells. After therapy with chlorambucil, the level of the heavy chain disease protein in the serum decreased substantially. PMID- 7008182 TI - Extreme potassium loss in a patient with severe graft versus host disease. AB - A 19-year-old male, suffering from post-hepatitis aplastic anaemia, was transplanted with bone marrow cells from his HLA-identical, MLC non-reactive brother. Haematological recovery ensued, but the patient also developed grade IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In addition to involvement of skin, liver and gut, the kidney seemed affected by GVHD since the patient has hypokalaemia and severe hyperkaluria. Other causes of urinary potassium loss were excluded. The amount of potassium loss correlated well with the severity of the GVH-reaction. Although coagulation disorders prohibited a kidney biopsy, the clinical course suggested GVHD to be the cause of the urinary potassium loss. PMID- 7008183 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies on filter collected granulocytes. AB - The in vitro function of granulocytes collected by filtration leukapheresis after premedication of donors with dexamethasone was found to be normal. In vivo studies were performed in a 21-year-old woman who was transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow for severe aplastic anaemia. The patient received granulocyte transfusions for treatment of septicaemia during the transplantation period. On 11 consecutive days an average dose of 7.2 X 10(10) granulocytes/transplantation, the patient died from cardiac failure. Transfused granulocytes were found ante mortem in a pericardial effusion and post mortem in lungs, kidneys, liver and spleen. The data indicate that filter collected granulocytes function normally in the recipient and are clinically effective. PMID- 7008184 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid-induced prolongation of bleeding time in healthy men. AB - Bleeding times were determined in 25 healthy men using the Thrombolette bleeding time device. The median bleeding times prior to low and high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 245 and 230 s, were not significantly different (P = 0.12). 2 h after randomized ingestion of 0.44 and 3.96 g ASA, the median bleeding times rose to 450 and 430 s, respectively. Both increased in bleeding time were significant (P less than 0.001), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.29). The maximum increase in bleeding time was estimated to occur 2.6 h after ingestion of a single low ASA dose, and 2.4 h after a single high dose. Following ingestion of 0.44 as well as 3.96 g ASA the bleeding time returned to basal levels within 5-6 d. Compared to the younger ones, volunteers with a higher age showed a tendency to have lower plasma salicylate levels as well as smaller increases in bleeding times following ASA ingestion. PMID- 7008185 TI - Change in the humoral response of athymic nude mice with ageing. AB - The evolution of the serum Ig levels of Balb/c-nu/nu mice was investigated between 1 month and 12 months of age. An increase as a function of age was observed in all classes and subclasses, which was, expressed in percentage of a nu/+ serum, from 130% to 230% for IgM, from 3% to 24% for IgG1, from 12% to 164% for IgG2a, from 28% to 62% for IgG2b, and from 10% to 50% for IgA. This increase correlates with an increase of plasma cells of each class in the bone marrow, whereas the number of plasma cells in the plasma cells in the spleen, the lymph node, and the intestinal mucosa did not change markedly with age. The humoral response after an injection of heterologous erythrocytes was compared in young and aged nu/nu mice; aged mice had a higher haemagglutination titre mainly due to direct (IgM) antibodies. The response of the spleen, as judged by plaque-forming cells (PFC), was similar in young and aged mice, but the bone marrow response, not detectable in young mice, was about as high in aged nude mice as in nu/+ mice. Although the content of Thy 1 cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was markedly higher in aged than in young nude mice, no T-cell function could be detected at any age, either in the response to phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A or in a graft-versus-host assay. Increase in the Ig production with age is interpreted as the result of progressive priming and hyperimmunization by environmental antigens, leading to a T-independent immune response (even against antigens considered to be T-dependent) predominantly located in the bone marrow. PMID- 7008186 TI - The antigens of Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG, studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: a reference system. AB - A reference system for the soluble antigens of Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG is described. The system is based on crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. A commercially available immunoglobulin preparation made from rabbit anti BCG hyperimmune serum was used as reference antibodies, while a concentrated BCG culture filtrate was used as reference antigen. The pattern obtained was highly reproducible, and most of the components were stable when the fiftyfold concentrated culture filtrate was stored at -20 degrees C. About thirty different antigenic components were selected as reference antigens and numbered. The majority of the reference antigens were present in extracts prepared from BCG by ultrasonication or bacterial press extraction. Use of the system for studies of antigenic relationship between mycobacteria, identification and quantification of antigens, and characterization of antimycobacterial antibodies are illustrated by examples. The antigens of two preparations of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) were identified. The antigen designated BCG60 was found to be a najor constituent of tuberculin PPD. Evidence is presented that this antigen is cell wall associated. PMID- 7008187 TI - Role of adherent cells in graft-versus-host-induced suppression of the humoral immune response. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate the role of adherent (A) cells in graft versus-host (GVH)-induced immunosuppression. GVH reactions (GVHR) were induced in adult F1 hybrid mice by intravenous injections of parental lymphoid cells. Spleen cells (SC) from mice experiencing a GVHR (GVH mice) were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin (Con A), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SC taken in the early phase of the GVHR (early GVHR) responded normally to LPS but did not respond to PHA and Con A. SC taken in an advanced phase of the GVHR (advanced GVHR) did not respond to PHA, Con A, or LPS. The influence of A cells from GVH mice (GVH-A cells) on the response of normal non-adherent cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), PHA, and LPS was investigated. A cells from early GVHR, used in appropriate numbers, stimulated the responses to SRBC and to PHA; in excess they inhibited both responses. They had no effect on the response to LPS. A cells from advanced GVHR, even in low numbers, suppressed the responses to SRBC, PHA and LPS. The lymphoregulatory activities of GVH-A cells seemed to be mediated by soluble factors. The results indicate that the GVHR evokes complex non-specific regulatory interactions between A cells and lymphocytes. PMID- 7008189 TI - [Trial of the sealing capacity of 3 attachment cements]. PMID- 7008188 TI - [Bacteriological diagnosis of anaerobic infections]. AB - To avoid false positive results it is very important that specimens for culture of anaerobic bacteria are not contaminated with normal flora from the skin or mucous membranes (mouth, intestinal tract, genital tract). The specimen should be transported to the laboratory as fast as possible without exposure to oxygen. Liquid specimens, such as aspirates, are superior to swabs. For rapid presumptive diagnosis suitable methods are gram stain and direct gas-liquid chromatography for fatty acids. Culture is laborious and time-consuming. PMID- 7008190 TI - [Tooth loss and prosthetic care depending on age in the Swiss population]. PMID- 7008191 TI - [Gingivitis-and plaque-inhibiting action of Pyralvex Berna and its components]. PMID- 7008192 TI - [Enhancement of bradykinin action on smooth muscles by proteases of animal, bacterial and plant origin. A model for airway obstruction]. PMID- 7008193 TI - E. Margaret Burbidge, president-elect. PMID- 7008194 TI - AAAS officers, staff, committees, and representatives for 1981. PMID- 7008195 TI - Insulin as a potent, specific growth factor in a rat hepatoma cell line. AB - A line or rat hepatoma cells in culture which, in response to serum starvation, become arrested in the early G1 phase of growth, can be stimulated by insulin alone to enter the cell cycle and traverse S phase. A half-maximum response is observed at 30 to 70 picomolar concentrations and the maximum response is essentially identical to that found with optimum serum concentrations. PMID- 7008196 TI - Clocked cell cycle clocks. AB - The cell division cycle of both mammalian cells and microorganisms, which apparently has both deterministic and probabilistic features, is a clock of sorts in that the sequence of events that comprise it measures time under a given set of environmental conditions. The cell division cycle may itself be regulated by a programmable clock that, under certain conditions, can generate circadian periodicities by interaction with a circadian pacemaker. These clocks must insert time segments into the cell division cycle in order to generate the observed variability in cellular generation times. PMID- 7008197 TI - Living tissue formed in vitro and accepted as skin-equivalent tissue of full thickness. AB - Living skin-equivalent grafts consisting of fibroblasts cast in collagen lattices and seeded with epidermal cells were successfully grafted onto the donors of the cells. The grafts were vascularized, did not evoke a homograft reaction, inhibited wound contraction, filled the wound space, and persisted. PMID- 7008198 TI - Minerals formed by organisms. AB - Organisms are capable of forming a diverse array of minerals, some of which cannot be formed inorganically in the biosphere. The initial precipitates may differ from the form in which they are finally stabilized, or during development of the organism one mineral may substitute for another. Biogenic minerals commonly have attributes which distinguish them from their inorganic counterparts. They fulfill important biological functions. They have been formed in ever-increasing amounts during the last 600 million years and have radically altered the character of the biosphere. PMID- 7008199 TI - The publishing game: getting more for less. PMID- 7008200 TI - Preoperative scanning: evaluation for metastatic disease in carcinoma of the breast, lung, colon, bladder, and prostate. PMID- 7008201 TI - Carcinomas of the skin and their treatment. PMID- 7008202 TI - Local procedures in the management of rectal cancer. PMID- 7008203 TI - [Influence of the spleen on adrenal cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008204 TI - [Experimental studies on the sealing properties of various kinds of root canal sealers and pastes in vitro, with special reference to zinc oxide eugenol preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008205 TI - Case report 139. Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease). PMID- 7008206 TI - Women at the Medical College of Georgia. PMID- 7008207 TI - [Observation on the health conditions in the rural regions of Taumalipas, Mexico]. PMID- 7008208 TI - [Mortality from tuberculosis in the Republic of Mexico during the 1963-1974 period]. PMID- 7008211 TI - Is acute leukaemia curable? PMID- 7008209 TI - Peripheral dopaminergic receptors. Physiological and pharmaceutical aspects of therapeutic importance. AB - Evidence for the existence of dopamine (DA) receptors in structures peripheral to the blood-brain barrier is accumulating. Two important central dopaminergic systems are functionally located peripheral to the blood-brain barrier, viz, the DA receptors in the chemoceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and those in the anterior pituitary. Agonists on these systems induce vomiting and reduce milk production, while antagonists have opposite effects. DA receptors also occur in the proximal gastrointestinal tract where activation of DA receptors delays gastric emptying. DA antagonists, however, enhance gastric emptying and prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux probably via an action on DA receptors in the stomach. DA receptors also occur in renal, mesenteric, coronary and intracerebral arteries. Activation of these DA receptors causes vasodilatation with a resultant increase in regional tissue perfusion. PMID- 7008213 TI - Musical functioning, speech lateralization and the amusias. AB - Amusia is a condition in which musical capacity is impaired by organic brain disease. Music is in a sense a language and closely resembles speech, both executively and receptively. For musical functioning, rhythmic sense and sense of sounds are essential. Musical ability resides largely in the right (non-dominant) hemisphere. Tests have been devised for the assessment of musical capabilities by Dorgeuille, Grison and Wertheim. Classification of amusia includes vocal amusia, instrumental amnesia, musical agraphia, musical amnesia, disorders of rhythm, and receptive amusia. Amusia like aphasia has clinical significance, and the two show remarkable similarities and often co-exist. Usually executive amusia occurs with executive aphasia and receptive amusia with receptive aphasia, but amusias can exist without aphasia. Severely executive aphasics can sometimes sing with text (words), and this ability is used in the treatment of aphasia. As with aphasia, there is correlation between type of amusia and site of lesion. Thus in executive amusia, the lesion generally occurs in the frontal lobe. In receptive amusia, the lesion is mainly in the temporal lobe. If aphasia is also present the lesion will be in the left (dominant) hemisphere. PMID- 7008210 TI - [President J. H. Brand and his medical history]. AB - During his term of office of 25 years (1863-1888) Johannes Hendrikus Brand, fourth President of the Orange Free State, proved himself a remarkable statesman of international stature. Born in the Cape Town of Lord Charles Somerset he was educated in the British tradition, and later received knighthoods from both Portugal and Britain. However, in converting his young embryonic state into South Africa's 'Model Republic' he showed himself to be a staunch republican. Total loyalty towards his country of adoption was aptly demonstrated by his uncompromising stand over the British annexation of the diamond fields in 1871. While preparing to put his case before the Colonial Secretary in London, he developed Bright's disease at the age of 49 years in August 1872. After an extreme illness lasting 5 months he appeared to recover fully. His subsequent health was excellent up to the end of the next decade when he developed symptoms of heart failure, epistaxis and possibly a cerebrovascular incident. In March 1888 his two Bloemfontein doctors, C. J. G. Krause and B. O. Kellner, in consultation with Dr Leander Starr Jameson (of Jameson Raid fame) diagnosed a recurrence of his kidney ailment and progressive heart disease. His death on 14 July 1888 was probably due to acute left ventricular failure as a late hypertensive complication of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7008212 TI - The Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescent test for the detection of antibodies to native DNA. AB - The Crithidia luciliae test was compared with the radioimmunoassay technique for n DNA antibodies on 93 randomly selected sera submitted for antibody testing, and was found to be a highly specific, reproducible and economical test. It appeared to be less sensitive than the radio-immunoassay technique in sera from some of the patients, but analysis of the clinical findings showed that the C. luciliae test correlated better with the clinical assessment of these patients. PMID- 7008214 TI - High blood pressure-the silent killer. AB - Hypertension is an issue of international and national importance. The aetiology of hypertension is conjectural. However, its treatment must be regarded as one of the strongest weapons against coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular episodes and renal failure. Thus therapeutic compliance has become a major problem. Because only a small proportion of the population is receiving treatment a modular system, perhaps a tertiary health system, should be developed. The primary prevention of cardiovascular disease must be the ultimate goal and is clearly our most cost-effective strategy. PMID- 7008218 TI - [Hamular notch locators]. PMID- 7008220 TI - [Management of periodontal diseases. 2. Examination, diagnosis and plaque contro]. PMID- 7008219 TI - [Miscellaneous notes on medico-dental and pharmacological history. An illustrated book on emergency care practiced 200 years ago]. PMID- 7008216 TI - Peptic ulceration in the renal transplant patient. AB - Peptic ulceration in renal transplant patients at Johannesburg Hospital is reviewed. The incidence of ulceration was 4,4%, and a high proportion of patients experienced complications (bleeding or perforation), with a mortality of 18,8%. From our experience, active pre- and post-transplant surgery is advocated in transplant patients, who are at risk from both the development of peptic ulceration and its sequelae. PMID- 7008215 TI - Post-infarction ventricular septal defect and aneurysm formation. AB - A fairly young man suddenly developed a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) after an extensive anterolateral and anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Because of congestive cardiac failure refractory to medical treatment he underwent simultaneous closure of the VSD and left ventricular aneurysmectomy 6 weeks after the myocardial infarction. Some 14 months after operation the patient is completely asymptomatic on the minimum of medical therapy and is able to live normally. The literature on these two combined lesions complicating acute myocardial infarction and their surgical correction was caused by coronary spasm of the Prinzmetal variety with underlying normal coronary arteries. PMID- 7008217 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum with cardiac involvement. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A young Black man with many features of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), confirmed by skin biopsy, complained of classic angina pectoris, decreasing effort tolerance, and palpitations. Clinically he was in severe congestive cardiac failure which was confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, investigations which indicated the presence of a 'congestive' cardiomyopathy. Selective coronary arteriography showed normal epicardial vessels. Antemortem endomyocardial biopsy in this condition is described for the first time in the literature. This showed abnormal light microscopic and electron microscopic features. It is postulated that the predominant cause of congestive cardiac failure and angina pectoris in this disease is a diffuse arteriopathy secondary to elastic fibre dysgenesis, involving the small intramural coronary vessels ('small-vessel disease'). Hitherto it has been accepted that the endocardial changes have been most important in the pathophysiology. A review of the literature as it applies to cardiac involvement in PXE is undertaken. PMID- 7008221 TI - [Plaque control in periodontal diseases--use of plaque index]. PMID- 7008222 TI - [Erythropoietin and the kidney, with regard to the pathogenesis of the anaemia of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008223 TI - [Coagulation and fibrinolysis alterations in renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008224 TI - [Uraemic-haemolytic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008225 TI - Suture alignment for cuff creation in Nissen fundoplication. PMID- 7008226 TI - Ambroise Pare and the renaissance of surgery. PMID- 7008227 TI - The association of ocular hypertension with the exfoliation syndrome, the pigmentary dispersion syndrome and myopia. AB - The intraocular pressure (IOP) may rise dramatically with the appearance of the exfoliation syndrome. With the pigmentary dispersion syndrome, the IOP may have a tendency toward large spontaneous fluctuations. There is evidence supporting a correlation between elevated IOP and myopia. The author reviews various reports on these entities, noting that perhaps because of the effects of the exfoliation and pigmentary dispersion syndromes on IOP, it is difficult to follow many of these patients over a long period of time without therapy. PMID- 7008228 TI - Risk factors favoring the development of glaucomatous visual field loss in ocular hypertension. AB - Multivariate studies have identified elevated IOP, optic disc abnormality, increasing age, and a family history of glaucoma as risk factors for the development of glaucomatous visual field loss. Further studies are required to validate these findings and to identify additional risk factors. Eventually it may be possible to develop an equation capable of predicting accurately the risk of glaucoma developing in a given individual with ocular hypertension. If a reliable estimate of risk were available, rational decisions concerning the institution of therapy could be made. PMID- 7008230 TI - Computerized intravenous arteriography: a technique for visualizing the peripheral vascular system. AB - A unique method of computerized fluoroscopic enhancement allows direct visualization of the entire vascular system by intravenous injection of standard contrast agents, thereby avoiding the need for arterial puncture or hospitalization. This technique has been used to satisfactorily visualize the intra- and extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries, the aortic arch and upper extremity vessels, the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as lower extremity vasculature. Although the technique is still under development, occlusions, stenoses, ulcerated plaques, and aneurysms have been visualized. Qualitative evaluation of these studies indicates a promising correlation with standard arteriography. This technique has great promise as a method of diagnostic screening in the management of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7008229 TI - The "no treatment" approach to ocular hypertension. AB - Should patients with ocular hypertension be treated to prevent glaucomatous visual field loss? Three considerations suggest that for most patients the answer is no. First, the average risk of visual field loss in untreated ocular hypertension is small. Population surveys and prospective studies indicate that no more than about one of every nine persons with intraocular pressures higher than 20 mm Hg will develop a visual field defect. Secondly, treatment of ocular hypertension to lower intraocular pressure is unproven efficacy in preventing visual field defects. Thirdly, adverse reactions to glaucoma therapy occur frequently and are sometimes serious. Although pressure reduction may be indicated for some patients who possess certain risk factors which make them especially susceptible to glaucomatous damage, for most patients "no treatment" is the best management. Untreated patients must be observed carefully with periodic visual field and optic disc examinations. PMID- 7008233 TI - [Medical inheritance of Avicenna and current clinical medicine]. PMID- 7008231 TI - Evoked responses in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - The lack of an objective method for diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome and monitoring the results of treatment has prevented a clear understanding of its natural history and the indications for surgery. Although one can detect vascular compression, the majority of patients have symptoms that are primarily neurogenic; and neither electromyograms nor studies of nerve conduction velocity has proved consistently helpful in their evaluation. We have studied evoked responses in 22 patients and believe that this technique allows selection of patients with significant neural compression for operative treatment. In this procedure, a bipolar stimulating electrode is placed on the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist; and bipolar recording is performed from active electrodes placed at Erb's point, over the spines of C6 and C2, and over the contralateral parietal scalp, all referenced to a midfrontal electrode. A minicomputer temporally summates the low-amplitude potentials elicited by repetitive electrical stimulation to increase the signal to noise ratio and therefore distinguish the potentials of interest from the background bioelectric activity. Normative values have been determined, allowing detection of changes in conduction of the electrical activity that occur between the sites of stimulation and the sites of recording. Of 19 new patients, 13 had abnormal evoked responses. Nine of these underwent surgical treatment; eight obtained good or excellent results. Abnormalities in evoked responses disappeared after operation in seven of the eight in whom it was measured. Four patients with abnormal responses but no surgery are being evaluated. Two of three long-term patients with recurrent symptoms had abnormal evoked responses that changed after treatment. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if this method is helpful in selecting patients for operative treatment or in monitoring its results. PMID- 7008234 TI - [Effect of antibacterial therapy on regeneration of large-intestinal mucosa in dysentery]. PMID- 7008235 TI - [Clinical and immunological characteristics of the course of pseudotuberculous mixed infection associated with other diseases]. PMID- 7008232 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of new antirheumatic drugs]. PMID- 7008237 TI - [Chronic diffuse alopecia in women. A diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. PMID- 7008236 TI - [Weight loss by treatment with Fugoa depot. Results of a double blind study]. PMID- 7008238 TI - [19 years as a pharmacologist in Turkey]. PMID- 7008241 TI - Noah or the legend of albinism. PMID- 7008239 TI - [For 56 years physician and researcher]. PMID- 7008240 TI - Bela Issekutz (1886--1979). PMID- 7008242 TI - Bacterial culture of perfusion blood after open-heart surgery. AB - The results of routine culture of 595 consecutive specimens of perfusion blood are presented. Ten per cent of the specimens yielded bacteria overall, but it was found that the isolation rate was increased to 17.7% when the prophylactic antibodies being given during the bypass were specifically neutralised. Coagulase negative staphylococci and diphtheroids formed the majority of organisms isolated, but Gram negative bacilli or "coliform" type were also occasionally found. A comparison of the relative findings in patients receiving prophylactic flucloxacillin or cephradine showed that the isolation rates of coagulase negative staphylococci and diphtheroids were lower in the group receiving flucloxacillin. The origin of the bacteria isolated from perfusion blood remains uncertain but speciation of coagulase-negative staphylococci from perfusion blood and similar organisms isolated subsequently from catheter tips in the same patients revealed no evidence that the two sources of organisms were linked. Although organisms are easily and commonly found in perfusion blood, the relevance of this phenomenon to post-operative endocarditis is not clear. PMID- 7008243 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs: table of publications published in 1977-1979]. PMID- 7008245 TI - Assessment of thrombin heterogeneity with quantitative electrophoresis. PMID- 7008244 TI - Monitoring of oral anticoagulation by an amidolytic factor X assay. A long-term study in 42 patients. AB - The validity of the amidolytic Factor X assay for the control of long term oral anticoagulation (OA) was investigated in 42 patients randomized into 2 groups; PT group (anticoagulant dosage according to PT) and F.X group (anticoagulant dosage based on F.X). An independent expert's dosage according to F.X served for analysis in the former group. In the F.X group the F.X based dosage was considered valid only when not differing by more than 15% from the expert's PT based dosage. Confirming the good correlation between PT and F.X the study further demonstrates that the changes from one control to the next one, delta PT and delta F.X, too, are significantly correlated (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001, n = 217). In over one third of the periods the dosage proposals based on PT and F.X were identical and differed by more than 15% in only 12/217 instances. Our results justify a large trial on the control of OA by the amidolytic F.X assay. PMID- 7008246 TI - [Treatment of spasticity with dantrolene sodium]. PMID- 7008247 TI - [Hygienic aspects of bovine udders: collection, storage and processing (author's transl)]. AB - The status of hygiene during collection, storage and processing of bovine udders at 73 locations (50 abattoirs, 14 freezing-storage factories and 9 processing plants) was assessed. We found unacceptable low levels of hygiene at the abattoirs. Udders were contaminated during slaughtering by contact with animal skin, unclean tools and the unwashed hands of the personnel. Storage and transport of udders in large containers prevented effective cooling. Bacteriological analysis of deep frozen udder tissue revealed a quality decline as compared to similar analysis directly after slaughtering. Approximately 80 per cent of the samples were found to have an aerobic count of 10(5)-10(7) and 30 per cent of the samples contained 10(3)-10(5) Enterobacteriaceae/g. Frozen samples collected directly before processing revealed practically no increase in bacterial count as compared to counts found in freezing-storage factories. PMID- 7008248 TI - HLA and insulin dependent diabetes in South African Indians. AB - The HLA antigens of 44 Asian Indians with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes were determined. The frequency of HLA-B8 was increased but that of HLA B15 was not. There was a significant increase in the frequency of some of the subdivisions of B5. PMID- 7008249 TI - Spina bifida and anencephaly. Geographic correlation with the HLA system. AB - The geographical correlation between the incidence of spina bifida and anencephaly and the HLA and ABO antigen frequencies are studied. There is a positive correlation between these malformations and A1 and B8, and a negative correlation with B5 and Bw35. The role of the HLA system itself, or of a human T like locus, is discussed. This study provides evidence of a possible genetic background of susceptibility to these malformations. PMID- 7008250 TI - The association of HLA-B18 with increased male offspring in paternal backcross matings. PMID- 7008252 TI - Lack of expression of HLA antigens on choriocarcinoma cell lines. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies against HLA--A, B, C, DRw, beta 2 m and other determinants on human cells has been used in indirect trace binding and absorption assays to determine the distribution of these antigens on choriocarcinoma cell lines. HLA--A, B, C, DRw and beta 2 m were not found on these cell lines, while other human antigens expressed on most human tissues were expressed on all the lines. PMID- 7008251 TI - Polyglandular autoimmune disease and HLA. AB - We have studied 25 patients with polyglandular autoimmune disease with respect to HLA antigens. Whereas the combination of insulin dependent diabetes with Graves' disease or atrophic thyroiditis was associated with an increase in HLA-B8, this was not found to be the case for patients with I.D.D.M. and goitrous thyroiditis. However 4/7 of these patients were DRw3 positive in contrast to previously established normal distribution of HLA-B8 in patients with goitrous thyroiditis alone. These data suggest that patients with polyglandular failure may be highly selected for HLA-B8/DRw3 positivity. We also report on two families with polyglandular autoimmune disease; the results suggest that these disorders are not necessarily transmitted with B8/DRw3 bearing haplotypes. In one family both the affected mother and non-affected father were B8 positive. The mother's B8, which was associated with DRw7, BfF and Rga did not appear to be involved in the transmission of disease susceptibility to two affected offspring. The search for complete haplotypic arrangement should be pursued to see whether this uncommon haplotype arrangement is peculiar to autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7008253 TI - Depression of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and hemolytic antibody production in passively enhanced rat renal allograft recipients. AB - Specific suppression of renal allograft rejection in two strain combinations of rats by passive enhancement was associated with depression of both peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and hemolytic antibody production. Variations in these responses were related to allograft survival in individual rats. In general, these studies confirm the value of monitoring both the lymphocyte proliferation and hemolytic antibody responses for the prediction of subsequent rejection, and for evaluating the efficacy of the enhancement therapy. PMID- 7008254 TI - Family studies of neutrophil alloantigens in bone marrow transplantation. AB - In order to evaluate the utility of the neutrophil specific antigens NA1, NA2, Vaz (NC1), NB1 and 9a in the documentation of bone marrow chimeras in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow grafts, neutrophil antigen typing was performed by EDTA microagglutination on the families of 17 patients with hematopoietic disorders under evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. Mendelian segregation independent of HLA and mutually independent was noted for the NA, NB and 9a systems. Vaz (NC1) segregated with and was included in NA2. Serological complexity was noted for NA1 and NA2. Typing for neutrophil antigens was achieved for 13 of 17 patients. Eight of 10 patients with HLA identical siblings had neutrophil antigen markers differing between donor and recipient. Conversion to donor neutrophil phenotype was documented for four recipients of bone marrow grafts. The neutrophil antigens, particularly of the NA system, appear to be useful additional markers for allogeneic bone marrow engraftment. PMID- 7008255 TI - HLA-linked control of susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and association with HLA-DR types. AB - In an attempt to confirm an HLA-linked effect on the course of Mycobacterium leprae infection observed in families from Surinam (South America), we conducted a similar family study in an endemic area in India. We observed a significant (P less than .05) excess of identical HLA-GLO haplotypes only from healthy parents among siblings affected with tuberculoid leprosy. Compared with healthy controls, unrelated patients with tuberculoid leprosy (n = 15) showed a significant heterogeneity at the HLA-DR locus (P less than .05). This heterogeneity was caused by an increased frequency of HLA-DRw2 (.93 versus .53, P less than .05), particularly of DRw2 homozygotes (.53 versus .11, P less than .005), and a decreased frequency of HLA-DRw6 (.07 versus .58, P less than .005). We observed a significant (P = .03) preferential segregation of DRw2 from DRw2 heterozygous parents not affected with tuberculoid leprosy to children with the tuberculoid type of the disease. These data confirm an HLA-linked control of susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy only, and suggest a recessive inheritance of this trait for which HLA-Drw2 appears to be a genetic marker. PMID- 7008256 TI - Non-expression of H-Y antigen on mouse red blood cells. AB - The expression of H-Y antigen on mouse red blood cells has been investigated by studying their life span in vivo. The survival of 51Cr-labeled cells from males was unaltered when transfused into isogeneic females or female mice which had rejected a male skin graft. These observations are consistent with the view that the H-Y antigen is not present on mouse erythrocytes. PMID- 7008257 TI - The effect of blood transfusions on renal transplantation. Studies of 395 patients registered for transplantation with a first cadaveric kidney. AB - Three-hundred-and-ninety-five candidates registered for a first cadaveric renal transplant have been analyzed for the effect of pre-graft blood transfusions. Of these, 348 patients were transplanted, 45 died prior to transplantation and two patients have not yet received a transplant. Slightly less than half of the transplanted patients had been transfused, and those received five or more transfusions demonstrated a superior graft survival. This was pronounced in all HLA incompatible transplants who had received five or more transfusions. In patients who received less than five transfusions, only one-two HLA antigen incompatible transplants demonstrated increased graft survival. The frequency of rejection episodes was significantly decreased in all transfused compared to non transfused groups. Among the patients dying while waiting for a transplant, the majority had been transfused, and a significantly higher proportion of them had cytotoxic HLA antibodies, compared to those who were transplanted. PMID- 7008258 TI - Formation of cell-sized single-layered liposomes in a simple system of phospholipid, ethanol and water. AB - A mixture of an ethanolic solution of phospholipid and water was sonicated, kept at 50 degrees C for 30 min, and then observed by a phase-contrast microscope. A large number of cell-sized, single-layered liposomes thus obtained were different in shape and thickness from the liposomes prepared by conventional methods. Fixation with La(NO3)3 and KMnO4 stabilized the liposomes. As a result they remained unchanged in the organic solvents used for dehydration and embedding. Ultrathin sections of the liposomes could, therefore, be observed with an electron microscope. The nature of these liposomes was discussed in relation to the structure and function of the cell membrane. PMID- 7008259 TI - Active and inactive renin after SQ 14225 (Captopril) administration. AB - The changes of active and inactive renin in plasma after the oral administration of 25 mg or 50 mg of SQ 14225 (Captopril) were studied in 29 hypertensive patients. Inactive renin was calculated as plasma renin activity (PRA) after cold storage minus PRA before cold storage. The patients were divided into 2 groups, responders and non-responders, according to the response of active renin to Captopril. In 9 responders, the active renin increased markedly while the inactive renin decreased. On the other hand, in 20 non-responders, both renin activities increased only slightly. These results suggest that inactive renin may be converted in vivo to active renin by Captopril. PMID- 7008260 TI - Intermolecular interactions and anesthesia: infrared spectroscopic studies. PMID- 7008261 TI - Screening of tobacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames' test. AB - To clarify the mutagenic activity of individual smoke components, 239 compounds, representative of the gaseous and semivolatile phases of tobacco smoke, were assayed for mutagenicity towards 4 histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537). All compounds were tested qualitatively both with and without metabolic activation using a liver fraction (S-9) from Aroclor 1254 or methylcholanthrene induced rats. Without S-9, only 2,3 dimethylindole and 2,3,5-trimethylindole showed mutagenic activity that was not enhanced by the metabolic activation system. 2,6-Diaminotoluene and coronene, which like the above compounds are not documented carcinogens were found to be mutagenic for strain TA 98 with S-9. Mutagenic activity was also observed for the previously known mutagens benz[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]-anthracene, perylene and beta-naphthylamine, on exposure to strains TA 98 and/or TA 100 with S-9. PMID- 7008262 TI - An evaluation of instant and regular coffee in the Ames mutagenicity test. AB - High concentrations of "home brew" and instant coffe induced revertants 2--3-fold the spontaneous level with the Ames Salmonella tester strain TA 100 but not with the strains TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 1538. This borderline effect, which may also have been due to non-mutagenic interactions (false positives) occurred only at bacterial levels of coffees and was completely abolished in the presence of the microsomal "metabolic activation system". Negative results were obtained in host-mediated assays when mice received up to 6 g instant coffee/kg body weight. An extrapolation in respect of possible carcinogenic risks is dubious. PMID- 7008263 TI - High affinity binding of horseradish peroxidase to collagenous tissue in formalin paraffin processed human tissue. AB - Horseradish peroxidase or peroxidase conjugated immunoglobulin binds strongly to the collagen in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded human tissue sections. The binding reaction is neither immunological nor organ specific, and may cause confusion in the interpretation of immunoperoxidase reactions in tissue sections containing collagen. This binding reaction can also be useful in identifying collagen fibers in paraffin processed tissue sections. PMID- 7008264 TI - The use of Ralph-Bennett glass knives for specimen block trimming. PMID- 7008265 TI - [Comparative study of the inhibitory action of stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine on the formation of dental deposits]. PMID- 7008267 TI - [Apparatus for hydromassage in dentistry]. PMID- 7008266 TI - [Dental hermetic sealants (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7008268 TI - [Development of dental care and the training of dentists in the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7008269 TI - [Tooth development, caries frequency and alveolar process structure in children with chronic kidney insufficiency. 1. A review of the literature]. PMID- 7008270 TI - [Plaque reduction on the deciduous dentition with a chlorhexidine-containing gel]. PMID- 7008272 TI - [Status and development of endosseous dental implantation at the Karl Marx University, Leipzig]. PMID- 7008273 TI - [Experimental studies on altering the properties of the prosthetic plastic, Kallocryl B, by adding an x-ray contrast medium]. PMID- 7008271 TI - [Problems of the 6-year molar in pedodontic care]. PMID- 7008274 TI - [Double-blind trial of the effect of a propolis-containing mouthwash on inflamed and healthy gingiva]. PMID- 7008275 TI - [Clinical methodological presentation of therapy with 1-piece cast bridges]. PMID- 7008276 TI - [Guide and systematics for measuring cast, removable partial prostheses]. PMID- 7008277 TI - [Comparative clinical and experimental study of mucodynamic molding with special reference to "Stafanat mittelfliessend" in the closed-mouth impression system]. PMID- 7008278 TI - [Results of a morbidity study conducted in 1976 in the city and rural district of Potsdam]. PMID- 7008279 TI - [Aluminum silicopolyacrylate cement (ASPA): a presentation based on the literature and the author's own research results]. PMID- 7008280 TI - Death in Jonestown: techniques of political control by a paranoid leader. AB - Jim Jones and Jonestown are discussed from a "political control" point of view. Seven basic techniques of political control are identified: Control of property and income, weakening of family ties, a sociopolitical caste system, control of egression (escape), control of verbal expression, cognitive control and emotional control. Jonestown is identified as a mini-totalitarian state ruled by a delusional and paranoid person. PMID- 7008281 TI - D.H. Lawrence and modern destructiveness. AB - This article discusses twentieth century societal destructiveness as reflected in four key prose works by D.H. Lawrence--the novels Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, Lady Chatterley's Lover and the early travel book Twilight in Italy. Sons and Lovers, which projects the young Lawrence persona's struggle between life and death, partly accounts for a deepening sensitivity to life and death in modern society in Lawrence's subsequent works. It is seen that Lawrence's writings depict the perilous trends today towards the mechanization of our fundamental being, and the resultant life-threatening qualities of sensationalism and reduction of the individual inner life. PMID- 7008282 TI - Enumeration of human peripheral T lymphocytes with E-rosettes and OKT3. PAN monoclonal antibody: a close correlation. AB - Peripheral human T lymphocytes were measured by E-rosette tests and by a monoclonal antibody OKT3. PAN defining an antigenic determinant present on all mature T lymphocytes. The number of OKT3. PAN-positive lymphocytes correlated significantly with the number of rosette forming cells. PMID- 7008283 TI - Improved blood utilization with leukocyte-poor cell masses (LPCM) prepared by cell washing. AB - The preparation of leukocyte-poor cell masses (LPCM) by saline washing with the IBM 2291 Blood Cell Processor was investigated. Units to be washed were preferentially selected from short-dated units to reduce outdating. LPCM had a mean of 0.34 X 10(9) WBC (90% WBC removal) with 87.8 per cent RBC recovery. At least 50 per cent of the LPCM prepared used blood that was salvaged from typically discarded units. Febrile transfusion reactions were prevented in alloimmunized patients with this product. Cell washing with the IBM Blood Cell Processor can prepare LPCM from blood of any storage date to meet American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) standards. PMID- 7008285 TI - Parenthood following renal and hepatic transplantation. PMID- 7008284 TI - Measurement of anti-IgA antibodies by a two-site immunoradiometric assay. AB - To enable the detection of IgG class, anti-IgA antibodies (IgG-aIgA) and to investigate the possible occurrence of IgE class, anti-IgA antibodies (IgE-aIgA), we developed a solid phase immunoradiometric assay (IRA), which uses purified IgA coupled covalently to microcrystalline cellulose as an immunosorbent. Radiolabeled, Fc specific anti-IgG and anti-IgE antibodies were used to detect specific aIgA after incubation of test sera or controls with the immunosorbent. IgG-aIgA were detected by the IRA in 100 and 67 per cent of control sera with class specific and limited specificity aIgA. The IRA was sensitive to approximately two ng of class specific IgG-aIgA. IgG-aIgA also were detected by IRA in 7.9 per cent of sera from patients with urticarial transfusion reactions and 73 per cent of sera from patients with ataxia telangiectasia and IgA deficiency. Sera from 50 normal blood donors did not have detectable IgG-aIgA. Tests for IgE-aIgA were negative in all cases, including control sera with class specific IgG-aIgA. We conclude that the IRA is a sensitive and reproducible method for detection of class specific and limited specificity IgG-aIgA, and that IgE-aIgA do not mediate urticarial transfusion reactions. PMID- 7008286 TI - Sequential orthotopic heart transplantation in man. AB - Between January 1968 and March 1980, 202 hearts had been transplanted into 185 patients at Stanford University Medical Center. Occasionally, patients after transplantation develop myocardial failure which is amenable only to retransplantation. Sixteen patients underwent initial orthotopic allograft using standard techniques. Eight patients developed accelerated arteriosclerotic coronary disease, six had unrelenting rejection, and two had donor heart dysrrhythmia or right ventricular failure requiring retransplantation. One patient required a third transplant because of donor left ventricular ischemia. All sequential transplants were managed similarly to the primary transplant. Of the initial transplant hearts at risk, 60% survived for more than 1 year, and 57% survived for more than 2 years. These results are similar to those of patients not requiring retransplantation. Of the secondary transplant hearts at risk, 31% survived for more than 1 year and 29% survived for more than 2 years. The severity of infection and/or rejection contributed most significantly to secondary heart transplant mortality. Sequential orthotopic cardiac transplantation offers an acceptable alternative to patients with allograft failure. Survival is not as favorable as with initial transplantation because of the prolonged immunosuppression during sequential transplantation. PMID- 7008287 TI - Studies of the ideal [H+] for perfusional preservation. AB - The neutral point of water, being a function of its dissociation constant, is temperature dependent. This is also true of protein-buffered solutions such as perfusates. In organ preservation these facts have been long ignored and, as a result, perfusions have been carried out in a relatively acidotic environment. These studies evaluated the effects of correcting the pH partially or completely for the level of hypothermia involved in perfusional preservation. The findings both in rabbits and dogs were that a pH of 7.4 (measured at 7 C) is dangerously close to the pH below which there is rapid deterioration of function. On the other hand, perfusate pHs up to 7.75 in dogs and 8.25 in rabbits were tolerated at no detriment. As a result, the recommendation is made to carry out hypothermic organ perfusion at a pH well above 7.4; 7.60 or 7.65 seems reasonable. PMID- 7008290 TI - Effect of timing of administration and quantity of blood transfusion on cadaver renal transplant survival. AB - Graft and patient survival rates were analyzed in 239 consecutive first cadaver renal transplants as a function of time of administration of blood transfusion and the number of units given. There was no statistically significant difference in patient survival in comparing patients who were never transfused, patients not previously transfused who received blood peroperatively, those who received blood before transplantation only, and those who were transfused before transplantation and peroperatively. In fact, the best survival rates were achieved in patients who were not transfused previously. Graft survival rates were significantly better in the prior transfused groups compared to either the never transfused group or the larger no prior transfused group which included the peroperatively transfused patients. Graft survival of the peroperatively transfused patients was intermediate between the never transfused and the prior transfused patients. There was no statistically significant difference between graft survival rates of patients who received more than 6 units of blood with those receiving less than 6 units. Also, the time interval from the last transfusion to transplantation appeared to have no effect on graft survival. Since an intentional transfusion protocol carries the real risk of sensitization and delay or elimination of the transplantation option, a prospective study comparing peroperative with preoperative transfusions is suggested. Such a study would answer the questions of the risk of sensitization with prior transfusion and the value of peroperative transfusions. PMID- 7008291 TI - Allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in experimental hepatic failure. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in the treatment of D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic failure in Lewis strain rats. This report describes the efficacy and immunological consequences of allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in the same model. The i.p. administration of allogeneic (minor and major histoincompatibility) hepatocytes or xenogeneic (rabbit or porcine) hepatocytes at a dose of 4 x 10(7) cells/rat given at 48 hr after toxin all resulted in significant improvement in survival compared to that of controls, and also comparable to the results obtained with syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation. Sensitization to i.p. allogeneic (WF) hepatocyte administration was demonstrated by in vivo 51Cr release, indirect immunofluorescent technique, and accelerated skin allograft rejection. Similarly, the in vivo 51Cr release assay was able to detect sensitization to porcine hepatocytes. Despite evidence of immunogenicity, redosing with either WF or porcine hepatocytes resulted in no overt toxicity. Furthermore, presensitization by either WF hepatocytes or skin allografts did not adversely affect survival after WF hepatocyte treatment in D-galactosamine induced hepatic failure in Lewis strain rats. These data demonstrate that histocompatibility is not a constraint to successful hepatocyte transplantation and that repeated treatments are potentially safe and efficacious despite sensitization. PMID- 7008288 TI - Selective immune stimulation during induction of allograft tolerance in the rat by radical immunosuppression. AB - Recent investigation of a biologically active synthetic polymer, NED 137, has demonstrated its ability to induce a B cell differentiation response to certain antigens, even in the presence of T cell depletion. In this report, the effect of T cell depletion combined with NED 137, on skin allografting, is explored in the Lewis strain rat. Animals were T cell-depleted by thymectomy, total body irradiation, and syngeneic marrow repopulation. They were then challenged with skin allografts +/- NED 137 treatment. Graft survival was significantly prolonged in the T-depleted rats regardless of treatment with NED 137. The drug did not increase the immune response to donor antigen as measured by in vivo lysis of 51Cr-labeled cells. Immunization with heterologous erythrocytes produced a low level of differentiation of IgM-producing cells in the T cell-depleted skin allografted group, but in contrast the T-depleted NED 137-treated rats had a normal response to immunization. These data suggest that selective stimulation of the humoral component of the immune response is feasible at a time when T cell mediated function has been radically suppressed, without producing adverse effects on allograft survival. PMID- 7008292 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilation in renal transplant arterial stenosis. AB - Twelve hypertensive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal dilation (PTD) for relief of arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation. Two patients underwent repeat PTD for recurrent stenosis and hypertension. Six patients had end to end anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient hypogastric artery; four of six PTDs were successful. Six patients had end to side anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient external iliac artery; seven of eight PTDs, including one of two repeat PTDs, were successful. Prior to PTD, all patients were using several antihypertensive medications. Following successful PTD, the mean blood pressure dropped from 184 +/- 15/118 +/- 9 to 133 +/- 13/89 +/- 11 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and remained at that level for up to 15 months (average followup 9 months) with decreased or no antihypertensive medications. Since surgical correction of arterial stenosis occurring after renal transplantation is difficult and may endanger the graft, PTD should be the first interventional therapy. PMID- 7008289 TI - Effect of a single transfusion of donor-specific and nonspecific blood on skin allograft survival in mice. AB - The effect of a single transfusion of donor-specific or nonspecific blood on skin allograft survival was studied in ALS-treated mice. In the weak H-2-incompatible C3H/He to B6AF1 combination, transfusion of outbred CF1 blood induced significant prolongation of C3H/He skin graft survival when given over a wide interval of days between transfusion and skin grafting. In contrast, donor-specific C3H/He blood was effective only when given 10 days before grafting. Transfusion of either red blood cells or lymphocytes separated from CF1 or C3H/He whole blood also prolonged C3H/He skin graft survival. In the relatively strong H-2 incompatible DBA/2 to B6AF1 combination, significant prolongation of DBA/2 skin grafts was induced only by transfusion of donor-specific DBA/2- and H-2 compatible BALB/c blood. A single transfusion of C3H/He or CF1 blood failed to prolong DBA/2 skin graft survival. In the strong H-2-incompatible DBA/1 to B6AF1 combination, donor-specific DBA/1 blood was effective in prolonging DBA/1 skin graft survival. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness of donor specific or nonspecific blood is dependent on (1) the degree of H-2 incompatibility of donor-recipient pairs and (2) timing of the blood transfusion relative to skin grafting. PMID- 7008293 TI - Therapy of acute cadaveric renal allograft rejection with adjunctive antithymocyte globulin. AB - A randomized and controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy for the treatment of the initial rejection episode in first cadaveric transplants. When compared to the control group (29), which received only standard antirejection treatment (SAT) of steroid pulsing and local irradiation, the adjunctive ATG treatment group (23) demonstrated significantly faster recovery rates (8.9 +/- 4.1 versus 6.9 +/- 3.7 days, P = 0.05, respectively) and better graft survival rates (62 +/- 9% versus 91 +/- 7%, respectively) after the first rejection. ATG treatment did not result in fewer subsequent rejection episodes than SAT but long-term allograft survival rates remained superior to controls for the entire 3-year study period. By avoiding ATG treatment in those patients who never experienced clinical rejection on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, i.e., nonresponders (23 of 90), complications associated with excessive immunosuppression were minimized. The combined results of the non-responder group of patients and ATG-treated patients resulted in a 1-year patient survival of 97% and graft survival of 86%. These results suggest that the most efficacious use of ATG is therapeutic and not prophylactic in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7008294 TI - Improved allograft survival of strong immune responder-high risk recipients with adjuvant antithymocyte globulin therapy. AB - The pretransplant cellular immune responsiveness of 90 renal failure patients was correlated with subsequent allograft survival. Patients were subdivided in two bases: whether the pretransplant immune parameter values were above (strong responder) or below (weak responder) the group median, and whether they were responsive or anergic to recall skin test antigens. In a group of 72 cadaveric renal allograft recipients, treated with only Imuran and prednisone, the overall 1-year graft survival was 48%. Pretransplant immunocompetence correlated with graft survival: factors predicting longer allograft survival (P < 0.01) included: percentage of active T rosette-forming cells (A-T RFCs) < 36.5%, anergy to microbial skin test (ST) antigens, in vitro spontaneous blastogenesis (SB) < 14,600 cpm, and response to a panel of five donors in mixed lymphocyte culture (PMLC) < 28,000 cpm. In the two groups, weak and strong responders, the 1-year graft survival rates differed: 63% versus 32% when segregated by the A-T RFC parameter, 63% versus 33% for ST, 57% versus 36% for SB, and 63% versus 35% for PMLC. There were no significant differences in the number of HLA mismatches between the two groups. An additional group of 18 patients was treated with adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy by prophylactic administration of antithymocyte globulin (ATG; Upjohn Co.). Strong, but not weak, responders treated with ATG displayed a significantly improved (P < 0.01) 1-year graft survival over that of the untreated group. Thus, pretransplant immunological assessment may guide the selection of adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy to improve renal allograft survival in strong immune responders at high risk of rejection. PMID- 7008295 TI - Effects of blood transfusion on cadaver renal transplantation: the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation prospective study (1977 to 1979). PMID- 7008296 TI - [Effect of low-temperature preservation on the proliferative activity and topography of the dissemination of donor and cadaveric colony-forming units (CFU) in an irradiated organism]. AB - Investigation carried out by means of chromosome marker T6T6 showed that frozen donor and cadaver bone marrow cells (6 h and 12 h after death) survive and proliferate in the organism of lethally irradiated recipient; the proliferation and differentiation intensity of cadaver cells is reduced in comparison with the donor cells. PMID- 7008299 TI - [Uncharacteristic dyspepsia in general practice. A controlled trial with an antacid (Alminox)]. PMID- 7008300 TI - [Myofascial pain treated with injections. A controlled double-blind trial]. PMID- 7008297 TI - Postoperative infections and variations of complement components in cancer patients. AB - Sequential determinations of C4 and factor B serum levels were performed pre- and postoperatively in 56 cancer patients. Patients who underwent radical mastectomy and excision of melanoma had an incidence of surgical infections of 7% and 15%, respectively, and showed a significant postoperative acute-phase increase of C4 and factor B serum levels. A higher incidence of postoperative infections, mostly Gram negative, was recorded in patients who underwent gastric resection (35%) and colorectal resection (73%); these failed to show an early acute-phase response of complement postoperatively. The results of this study confirm the high susceptibility of cancer patients to postoperative infections. Moreover, the lack of postoperative acute-phase increase of C4 and factor B observed in cancer patients who developed postoperative infections suggests an active role of complement in host defense mechanisms against surgical infections. PMID- 7008298 TI - Tamoxifen treatment for advanced renal cell cancer. AB - Twelve patients with metastatic clear cell renal cancer received a course of tamoxifen. Three showed stable disease for a period from 2 to 12 months and 1 a mixed response for a short time. It does not appear that tamoxifen may be a useful agent in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7008303 TI - [The impact of unemployment on health. A review of the literature]. PMID- 7008301 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis treated with Haemaccel. A study with 125I-labelled fibrinogen]. PMID- 7008302 TI - [Lack of effect of guar gum (Slocose) on blood glucose in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7008304 TI - [Treatment and late results of 33 fractures of the pilon tibialis (author's transl)]. AB - Report about 33 patients with fractures of the pilon tibialis. Most of the fractures were treated surgically. In half of all cases severe destructions of the joint were found, the bone was broken into pieces. In eight patients compound fractures were seen; twelve fractures were observed in polytraumatized patients. In 18 patients a follow-up could be done. Only in seven cases the results were good. In six cases the outcome was satisfying, in five cases the results were bad. The reasons for unsatisfying late results are discussed. PMID- 7008305 TI - [Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of burn wound infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008306 TI - [Indication for skin-grafting after burn injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008307 TI - [Experience with tangential necrectomy in the treatment of burn injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008308 TI - [Secondary reconstruction after burns (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008309 TI - [Glucose--insulin--potassium (GIK) in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7008310 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. I]. PMID- 7008311 TI - [Thrombocytopenia during an episode of Plasmodium vivax malaria]. PMID- 7008312 TI - [Method for the study of dental pulp reactivity to pharmacological agents]. PMID- 7008313 TI - [Progress in medical information management. Systematized nomenclature of medicine (SNOMED)]. PMID- 7008314 TI - [Elastin, a fibrous protein involved in several pathological processes]. PMID- 7008315 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: research methods]. PMID- 7008317 TI - [Malaria: recent clinical experience in the Eastern townships]. PMID- 7008318 TI - Use of exteriorized stents in vasovasostomy. AB - Ten patients, three to fifteen years postvasectomy, underwent vasovasostomy. Using 2-0 nylon, stents were brought to the scrotal surface. Vas anastomosis was accomplished with a single transmural layer of 6-0 or 7-0 proline or chromic sutures under loupe magnification. Stents were removed in seven to ten days. After two years, a pregnancy rate of 70% was achieved, comparing favorably with other more difficult operative techniques. PMID- 7008319 TI - [Surgical treatment of interventricular septal defects caused by penetrating heart wounds]. AB - Seven cases of traumatic defects of the interventricular septum are described. All the patients were subjected to operations. The operations were fulfilled under conditions of the artificial blood circulation. The authors believe the greatest difficulties to occur when correcting defects localized in the muscular part of the apical area of the septum. One patient died within 4 years after the operation due to recurring cardiac fibrillation and chronic heart failure. PMID- 7008316 TI - [Sphenoidal aspergilloma]. PMID- 7008320 TI - [Reinfusion of the patient's own irradiated blood in surgical patients]. AB - The experimental work on the autotransfusion of the blood irradiated wit UV rays has shown this method to increase the oxygenating capacity of the blood. The clinical experience with more than 240 reinfusions of the UV irradiated own blood to 65 patients with different surgical diseases showed a pronounced curative effect. The method was used in 45 patients with purulent diseases, in 15 patients in the pre- and postoperative periods. PMID- 7008321 TI - [Scientific accomplishments of Pavel Nikolaevich Napalkov, Professor of Surgery, on his 80th birthday]. PMID- 7008322 TI - [Choledochotomy and the methods for its performance]. AB - The authors have made 390 operations on ductus choledochus. Indications for choledochotomy were choledocholithiasis, jaundice, cholangitis and others. The ideal choledochotomy was fulfilled in 7,1% of cases as a completion of diagnostic manipulations on the duct. The external drainage of ductus choledochus was performed in peritonitis, severe cholangitis and inflammatory alterations of the hepatoduodenal ligament and in weak senile patients (mortality--11,7%). Multiple stones and great dilatation of the duct (mortality--4,5%) were considered to serve indications for supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy (38,7%). Papillotomy was made in fixed ampula stones, stenosis of Vater's papilla (18,2%). Lethality in such cases was twice as high as after choledochoduodenostomy (8,5%). The authors believe peritonitis and duodenostasis to be contraindications against the internal drainage of biliary ducts. PMID- 7008323 TI - [Characteristics of operations on the gastrointestinal track organs using a laser scalpel]. AB - The modes of laser resection of the stomach and gastrectomy with the use of the method of a one-line intestinal suture are described. Recommendations are given on rational use of a laser installation "Scalpel-1" in combination with special auxiliary instruments and suturing devices. The recommendations are based on 230 operations. Nine patients died. The causes of death were not related with the use of laser technique. The authors make a conclusion that the laser scalper should be used but on the key steps of the operation. PMID- 7008324 TI - The systemic response of the traumatized patient: an overview. AB - A metabolic conflict occurs between increased production of easily used substrates and inhibition of their metabolism in any injured animal. The terms ebb and flow describe the dwindling and rising tides of such activity. The ebb may last 24 to 72 hours; the flow is usually over within two weeks but may last up to eight weeks or longer in more severe cases. The ebb phase corresponds to the traumatic and initial post-traumatic period when there usually is adequate substrate (oxygen, glucose, fatty acid) to meet the diminished demand of the tissues. The flow phase is the period of convalescence. The object of the organism's initial defense following injury seems to stabilize the situation during the ebb phase (preservation of the internal milieu). The longer the ebb phase can be maintained and the more substrates that can be conserved, the more likely the animal will recover during the flow phase. The ebb phase is set in motion by an injury such as hemorrhage, burns, fractures, soft tissue damage by crushing sepsis, or diarrhea. After the ebb phase, a variable, integrated response of nervous, endocrine, and metabolic systems begins, which compromises normal function to achieve specific survival objectives (that is, protection, stabilization and adaptation). Systemic changes (such as tissue catabolism) devoted to caloric needs and local growth (that is, wound repair) are all directed at the ultimate objective of survival. PMID- 7008326 TI - Autotransfusion in the trauma patient. PMID- 7008325 TI - Initial assessment, resuscitation, and management of the critically traumatized small animal patient. PMID- 7008327 TI - Trauma to the skin and subcutaneous tissues of dogs and cats. PMID- 7008328 TI - Trauma to the central nervous system. PMID- 7008329 TI - Pathogenesis and lesions of swine dysentery induced by artificial methods in early weaned pigs. PMID- 7008331 TI - Experimental infection of goats, sheep and calves with the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. AB - Goats, sheep and calves were inoculated intravenously with strain Y3343 of the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat with polyarthritis. The goats and sheep died of septicemia (one was killed in extremis) within eight days. The goats had leukopenia and granulocytopenia. Coagulopathy was indicated in some goats; the fibrinogen titer, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times increased with the progress of disease and the number of platelets decreased dramatically in one goat. Goats and sheep had cellulitis at the site of inoculation, pleural hemorrhages, pneumonia, myocarditis, renal infarcts, glomerulitis, adrenal cortical necrosis, enteritis, focal splenic necrosis, polyarthritis and lymphadenitis. Vasculitis and thrombi were seen occasionally, suggesting that vascular changes, perhaps together with coagulopathy, had a role in pathogenesis. One of two experimental calves developed a slight fever, arthritis and minor inflammation of adrenal tissue. Calves seen less susceptible to the mycoplasma organism given intravenously than do goats or sheep. PMID- 7008330 TI - Tracheal wash as a way to diagnose equine respiratory infection. PMID- 7008332 TI - Feline insular amyloid: histochemical distinction from secondary systemic amyloid. AB - Amyloid in islets of Langerhans from 48 domestic cats, one human, one non-human primate, and one raccoon was compared with secondary systemic amyloid from three domestic cats, one dog, one human, and one cow to determine affinity for Congo red dye after treatment of paraffin-embedded tissue sections with potassium permanganate and dilute sulfuric acid. Insular amyloid from all six species was resistant to pretreatment with potassium permanganate, i.e., affinity for Congo red was retained, whereas secondary systemic amyloid from all species was sensitive to the potassium permanganate pretreatment. Other stains did not distinguish between insular and secondary systemic amyloid. The potassium permanganate-Congo red staining procedure thus can be used to differentiate insular from secondary systemic amyloid in the cat and other species. The results also indicate that insular amyloid and secondary systemic amyloid are of different chemical composition and pathogenesis. PMID- 7008333 TI - Comparison between milk deprivation and oral rehydration with a glucose-glycine electrolyte formulation in diarrhoeic and transported calves. AB - Treatment of diarrhoeic calves by oral administration of a glucose-glycine electrolyte solution (GGES) was compared with milk deprivation (water given instead) and with no treatment (milk-fed controls). The diarrhoea followed challenge with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The GGES group showed a significantly lower mortality (5 per cent) in comparison with the controls (37 per cent). The milk-deprived group had a slightly lower mortality (30 per cent) in comparison with the controls. The milk deprived group showed a significantly prolonged duration of diarrhoea in survivors compared with the control group, while the GGES group did not differ significantly from the controls. Calves arriving on farms were allocated randomly to either GGES or to an alternative control treatment (usually partial milk deprivation). The incidence of diarrhoea during the subsequent two weeks was significantly less in the GGES group. Clotting of milk by rennet was impaired by addition with either water or an alkaline electrolyte solution but was enhanced by dilution with GGES. PMID- 7008334 TI - Glomerulonephritis with dense deposits: a variant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or a separate morphological entity? Light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of eleven cases. AB - Eleven cases of glomerulonephritis with dense deposits were selected on the basis of electron microscopic examination performed either on material treated according to conventional techniques (9 cases) or on previously paraffin-embedded material (2 cases). While uniform immunohistochemical patterns were observed, different features were shown by light microscopy: in only 3 cases were membranoproliferative or lobular patterns present, while in the others a varying degree of mesangial cell proliferation (moderate, mild or even very scanty with focal and segmental distribution) was detected. The generally accepted statement that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits represents a subgroup of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis therefore seems questionable. In addition to several clinical and serological data, these morphological features give further support to the hypothesis that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits in all respects a peculiar and distinct form of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7008335 TI - Double inlet right ventricle. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of double inlet right ventricle in which both atrioventricular valves opened completely into the right ventricle is described. The left atrium communicated with the right ventricle by way of an opening low in the atrial septum and there was a large ventricular septal defect. The pulmonary trunk and aorta took their origin from the right and hypoplastic left ventricles respectively. The literature on this rare cardiac anomaly is reviewed and the morphological findings in this case are compared with those of the recorded cases. A short discussion of the possible embryogenesis is given. PMID- 7008336 TI - Production of spikeless particles of the rabies virus under conditions of low pH. PMID- 7008337 TI - The synthesis of coliphage T1 DNA: degradation of the host chromosome. PMID- 7008339 TI - [A remembrance of J.T. Held]. PMID- 7008338 TI - Characterization of measles polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7008340 TI - [Thoughts on Frederic Chopin's illness]. PMID- 7008341 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation in liver diseases]. PMID- 7008342 TI - [Clinical use of blood component separators. (Review article)]. PMID- 7008343 TI - [Activities of the chief epidemiologists at the fronts in 1941-1945]. PMID- 7008344 TI - [Manifestation of diseases in pilots in aviation accidents]. PMID- 7008345 TI - [Ways to study the mechanism of action of laser irradiation]. PMID- 7008347 TI - [Department of Physiotherapy of the Order of Lenin Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training in preparing medical personnel]. PMID- 7008348 TI - [Role of the Department of Therapeutic Physical Exercise and Medical Monitoring of the Order of Lenin Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training in postgraduate instruction]. PMID- 7008346 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease according to the risk factors at a sanatorium (l.)]. PMID- 7008351 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the stromal cells in breast tumors]. AB - Cell reaction of the stroma of breast tumors is an indicator of the activity of the immunocompetent system in oncological patients. In this work, the cellular response of the tumor stroma was assessed histologically and morphometrically, including calculation of the number of cells-lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the centre of tumor and distally. The intensity of infiltration was estimated quantitatively depending on the type of tumor, patient's age, the presence or absence of regional metastases; moreover the effect of preoperative telegamma therapy on the tumor stroma was taken into account. The data obtained indicated that the reaction of immunocompetent stromal cells depend on the type of tumor: it is maximum in the stroma of solid tumors and is less pronounced in the stroma of adenocarcinoma and scirrh, and it is minimum in mastopathy. Preoperative irradiation produced no significant reduction in the number of stromal cells. Patient's age rendered no effect on the intensity of cell reactions. The presence of tumor metastases in regional lymph nodes contributed to a fall in the number of stromal cells of solid tumors. PMID- 7008350 TI - [Soviet-American cooperation in experimental and clinical chemotherapy from 1972 to 1979]. PMID- 7008352 TI - [Vitamin value of food products and improved methods of vitaminological analysis]. PMID- 7008349 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in islet cell dysfunction in generalized infections]. AB - Effect of prostaglandins of the E and F2 alpha groups/PGE and PGF2 alpha/on formation and secretion of insulin was studied in rats inoculated with staphylococcus. Hyperglycemia developed in the animals while the content of insulin in their blood remained normal; the rate of insulin biosynthesis was increased. Content of PGE and PGF2 alpha was distinctly increased in the infected animals as compared with controls. Administration of indometacin into the animals 1 hr before the infection and then twice a day during 3 days /1.5 mg per kg of body weight/ led to a pronounced decrease of the PGE and PGF2 alpha content in blood and to normalization of glucose concentration. Hyperproduction of the prostaglandins under conditions of the infection appears to inhibit the insulin secretion since the elevated rate of the hormone biosynthesis was accompanied by hyperglycemia in the infected animals; at the same time, normal concentration of insulin in blood was not sufficient for normalization of the sugar content. Under conditions of the infection resistance to endogenous insulin apparently developed also. PMID- 7008353 TI - [Nutrition as a prophylactic factor in occupational diseases]. PMID- 7008354 TI - [Model for studying transmission of causative agents of intestinal infections]. PMID- 7008355 TI - The last 50 years of smallpox in Africa. PMID- 7008356 TI - The Pan American Health Organization: origins and evolution (2). PMID- 7008357 TI - A decade of open heart surgery at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, 1968-1978. PMID- 7008358 TI - Drug withdrawal syndromes-- a literature review. AB - Drug withdrawal syndromes reportedly have been caused by numerous pharmacological agents, but only a few drugs have been adequately studied in this regard. Criteria for evaluating drug withdrawal syndromes have been proposed. Sedative hypnotic agents, opiates, corticosteroids, clonidine, tricyclic antidepressant medications and beta-adrenergic blocking agents meet the criteria for such syndromes. Gradual tapering of the dose of these drugs is recommended when therapy must be discontinued. Whether or not other drugs cause rebound reactions is questionable, but caution should be used when discontinuing drugs for which numerous reports of withdrawal syndromes exist. PMID- 7008362 TI - [Heparin and its clinical use]. PMID- 7008361 TI - Changing concepts of health care: an historian's view. PMID- 7008359 TI - Nutritional aspects of ascorbic acid: uses and abuses. AB - Ascorbic acid in physiological doses is essential for the normal functioning of the human body. Larger doses are required to treat a severe deficiency of vitamin C intake, as in the case of scurvy. Occasionally, massive doses may be required to treat a metabolic defect involving ascorbic acid. There has been some mention of megadose therapy with ascorbic acid for the prevention of colds, the improved healing of wounds and even the treatment of cancer, but no acceptable scientific data have been presented. In fact, in a few instances, such therapy has proved injurious. PMID- 7008360 TI - Fuel utilization in marathons: implications for performance. PMID- 7008363 TI - [Case of tubo-ovarian abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae]. PMID- 7008364 TI - [Care of mentally ill patients in Szczecin in the 19th century]. PMID- 7008366 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in diabetes mellitus. Analysis of type of diabetes, therapy, duration of disease and metabolic control (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma lipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were analyzed in 261 patients with type I (n = 90) and type II (n = 171) diabetes mellitus and related to the type of diabetes, therapy, metabolic control and duration of disease. Although atherosclerotic lesions are significantly increased in diabetics, HDL-cholesterol values were significantly lowered only in females with type II diabetes as compared with the controls. Type II diabetes on insulin therapy exhibited significantly elevated HDL-cholesterol values as compared with diabetics treated by diet or by diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents. This seems of particular interest since the latter two groups showed significantly better metabolic control--evaluated by HbA1--than the insulin-treated type II diabetics. No correlation was found between metabolic control (HbA1) and HDL-cholesterol values in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Duration of disease did not have any influence on HDL-cholesterol in type I or type II diabetics. In conclusion, HDL-cholesterol does not seem to be a suitable indicator for assessing the well-known risk of late atherosclerotic complications in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7008367 TI - [The influence of therapy with silymarin on the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - A randomized double-blind study about the therapy of the cirrhosis of the liver shows a significant higher surviving rate of the alcoholic cirrhosis in the group treated with Silymarin. This result can be well explained by the protective influence of this substance against toxic injuries. The etiology of many chronic liver diseases is uncertain and therefore it is advisable to try the therapy also in other cases. The conditions of the study are exactly reported. The influence on the clinic of the disease and on the laboratory data obtained in many controls will be published later, because the statistical analysis needs some more time. PMID- 7008365 TI - [Pelvic labor presentation]. PMID- 7008368 TI - [A comparison of the blood glucose increase and insulin requirement after oral sucrose, fructose and sorbitol alone or in combination (author's transl)]. AB - The artificial pancreas allows a new means of quantification of the behaviour of blood glucose (BG) and insulin requirement after the administration of nutrient sweeteners such as fructose and sorbitol as compared to sucrose. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of these substances, plus a combination of fructose and sorbitol (70:30) in a group of maturity-onset diabetics. Sucrose produced the steepest BG increase and the greatest insulin requirement in order to return to baseline BG levels. Sorbitol at a dosage of 20 g did not act as a laxative, produced the smallest BG increase, and required the least amount of insulin to return to baseline. The combination of 70% fructose and 30% sorbitol achieved similar results to those of sorbitol alone, regarding both BG increase and amount of insulin required to return to baseline. Since this mixture has the same sweetening ability as sucrose, and shows no laxative effect, it was concluded that it is superior to fructose or sorbitol alone. PMID- 7008369 TI - [Stability of insulin-bearing liposomes (author's transl)]. AB - Stability and integrity of 125I-insulin loaded liposomes are temperature dependent. Only storage close to the phase transition temperature ensures their chromatographic integrity even after nine days. The pH of the buffer also affects the stability of the insulinliposomes. pH changes to 6.0 or 8.5 alter the elution pattern of the liposomes. The sensitivity of insulinliposomes to temperature and pH is of importance with regard to their in vivo application. PMID- 7008370 TI - [Effects of a long-acting adenosine analogue on insulin and glucagon release (author's transl)]. AB - The adenosine analogue 765-21 (10 micrograms/kg intravenously), substituted at the 5'-position, caused a sustained increase in plasma glucose and a decrease in plasma free fatty acid concentrations in conscious dogs. Concomitantly, plasma glucagon levels rose threefold. Changes in plasma insulin concentration were relatively small and of no statistical significance. A simultaneous fall in arterial blood pressure was also observed. Aminophylline, an adenosine antagonist, inhibited the haemodynamic as well as the metabolic responses evoked by the adenosine analogue. - In collagenase-isolated rat islets of Langerhans 765 21 inhibited glucose-induced insulin release in a dose-dependent manner (concentration range 10(-8) to 10(-5) M). In contrast to the data obtained on conscious dogs, 765-21 did not promote glucagon release from the pancreatic islets. Since stimulation of glucagon secretion was also not observed on decreasing the glucagon concentration in the incubation medium, the collagenase technique of isolation may be responsible for the insensitivity of the islets to glucagon-releasing stimuli. - The results are indicative of a specific inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release by 765-21. The data obtained in vivo additionally suggest a glucagon-releasing activity of the adenosine analogue investigated. PMID- 7008373 TI - [The relation of disease to changing times]. PMID- 7008371 TI - [Long bone healing after transverse osteotomy under constant interfragmentary compression. Animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - The reaction of cortical contact areas, after osteotomy of a tubular bone, to a constant interfragmentary pressure has not been studied in exact terms so far because of lack of an adequate testing system. The present experimental study therefore examines the influence of various, but during the experiment constant, static pressures on the healing process of the cortical bone. Departing from the basic interrelation between fixation and interfragmentary compression (in the following briefly called: pressure) and from the resulting more or less limited mobility of the bone parts, following osteotomy, it appeared necessary to concentrate observation on either of the two parameters "fixation" or "pressure" alone. For this animal experiment a suitable external compression apparatus was developed so as to secure the application of a constant pressure. The present study contains construction drawings and data on the constructional assembly and integration of these newly developed compression apparatuses and pressure measuring devices. The compression apparatuses permit by variable spring configurations to produce pressures up to a maximum force of 1000 newton. To control the pressure exerted over a period of many weeks, a special measuring system had to be used to provide for a correction of the losses of pressure as occurring, for different reasons, during the progress of the experiment. One chapter is devoted to the various possible methods of pressure measuring. From among the available methods a pressure measuring system, operating on the principle of induction, was selected for practical realization of a model, and produced in a small series. The experiments pressure ranges of 100, 400 and 800 newton as criteria of interfragmentary compression, were carried out on 20 sheep's metacarpal bones, following osteotomy. During the six weeks experiment, current pressure corrections within a maximum of 10 pc of the nominal pressure were necessary, particularly during the first two weeks. X-ray examination showed with the increase of interfragmentary pressure an ever later beginning and ever less substantial formation of callus, regularily in a process of periosteal formation of callus. The lower the interfragmentary compression became, the earlier and the more frequently resorptive changes in the cortical bone occurred. Findings in the cortical contact areas, obtained microscopically from fluoro chrome-labelled ground-sections and from corresponding microradiographs, in about half of the cases showed a formation of resorption cavities whose extent increased with the decrease of interfragmentary compression. An effect, observed parallel with this finding and with decreasing interfragmentary compression, was an intensified and earlier bone fill-up reaction. Also Havers' remodelling of the corticalis showed a tendency of increasing with the decrease of interfragmentary compression... PMID- 7008372 TI - [Effects of Imolamin on hemodynamics and pacing induced angina pectoris (author's transl)]. AB - 10 patients with exertional angina pectoris were examined to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of 100 mg parenteral applied Imolamin. In 4 out of 7 patients the pacing-induced angina was improved after Imolamin. No significant changes were found in heart rate, mean pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular systolic and enddiastolic pressure. The compatibility of Imolamin was good. PMID- 7008375 TI - Immunologic surface markers as prognostic factors for lymphomas and leukemias. PMID- 7008374 TI - Coagulase negative staphylococcal urinary tract infections. A study conducted at five Milwaukee area hospitals. PMID- 7008376 TI - Projection of cancer incidence: experiences and some results in Finland. AB - The prediction of the effects of known or postulated intervention is an important administrative (and sometimes scientific) problem, which can be successfully handled by the presently available methodological means. The long-term prediction of cancer risk is a challenging problem without a general solution. Direct extrapolation of past trends of cancer incidence or mortality may lead to grossly erroneous results. The long latent period from the beginning of exposure to the diagnosis of cancer can be utilized in making predictions. The risk factors used as auxiliary variables have two prerequisites: (1) they should be preponderant enough and (2) they should not be subject to unpredictable intervention during the period of prediction. Some primary sites can be thought to meet these general conditions, but it is unlikely that overall cancer risk or risk of cancer at all specific primary sites could be predicted in this way. PMID- 7008377 TI - [Short history of dentistry]. PMID- 7008378 TI - Virus adaptation to host cells: the non-classical modification of phage T3. AB - Bacterial virus T3 undergoes host-controlled modification which is not based on "classical" processes of DNA modification and restriction. The adsorption and thus the growth of T3 on Escherichia coli W cells (E. coli K12 derivative) decisively depends on the host strain on which the virus was previously propagated. Depending on the modification conferred to the virus by its last host, its efficiency of plating (e.o.p.) on E. coli W varies by six orders of magnitude between 10(-7) and 10(-1). This does not reflect the appearance of T3 host-range mutants, but a fully reversible modification of genotypically unchanged T3 wild-type phage. The behaviour of T3 in the described host system constitutes a second case of so-called non-classical modification and restriction (KRUGER et al. 1977, Molec. gen. Genet. 153, 107-110) of bacteriophages. Non classical modification (protein modification) is additive to and independent of DNA modification and restriction as demonstrated with the ocr- phage T3/R7. - Furthermore, our results suggest that the adsorption specificity of T3 is determined by at least two independent genetic factors; in both of these factors T3 differs from T7. PMID- 7008382 TI - [Max von Pettenkofer--some thoughts on his life, work and heritage]. PMID- 7008379 TI - [Auscultation of bowel sounds - history and development possibilities]. PMID- 7008380 TI - [Obstetrics 150 years ago]. PMID- 7008381 TI - [The career of August Bier (1861-1949) at the Berlin University in 1907]. PMID- 7008383 TI - [Problems of toy disinfection in nurseries]. PMID- 7008384 TI - [Various environmental hygienic aspects of the dynamics of nickel]. PMID- 7008386 TI - [Single-radial-hemolysis-test (SRHT) as specific immunologic method for routine determination of antibodies against influenza viruses]. PMID- 7008385 TI - [Salmonella infections as zoonoses of small pets and domestic animals]. PMID- 7008387 TI - [Selected results of a sociological survey of gonorrhea patients]. PMID- 7008388 TI - [Hygienic standards for chemical pollutants of the stratosphere]. PMID- 7008389 TI - [Use of the cell culture method for determining the diphtheria antitoxin content in adult sera]. PMID- 7008390 TI - [Use of diploid cell lines as a multiplication substrate for viral vaccine production]. PMID- 7008391 TI - [Early history of German inoculation legislation]. PMID- 7008392 TI - [Viewpoints of Russian and German obstetricians on the problems of eclampsia therapy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries]. PMID- 7008394 TI - [The journal Russische Medicinische Rundschau as an intermediary between German and Russian medicine]. PMID- 7008395 TI - [Report from the year 1838 on clinics in Moscow and St. Petersburg]. PMID- 7008393 TI - [August Hirsch's epidemiological trip on the Volga in 1879 (an example of Russian German cooperation in the medical field)]. PMID- 7008396 TI - [Endocrine changes in chronic renal failure]. AB - Endocrine abnormalities are common symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure. They are characterized by: 1. excessive somatotropin and prolactin secretion, 2. increased peripheral conversion of T4 to rT3, 3. secondary hyperparathyroidism accompanied by a relative insufficiency of calcitonin secretion, 4. hypogonadism, 5. hyperinsulinism and 6. decreased erythropoetin and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D synthesis. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency normal function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and pituitary adrenal axis and normal PgA and PgE2 secretion are found. Increased blood levels of some peptide hormones (e.g. glukagon, gastrin) in patients with chronic renal failure seem to be caused, at least partially by secretion of biologically inactive prohormones and their decreased renal clearance. PMID- 7008397 TI - [Experiences with the Antibody-coated Bacteria Test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections]. AB - We examined 67 cases with significant bacteriuria for the presence of antibody loaded bacteria which shall refer to an infection of the upper urinary tract. With the help of this method we could diagnose 43 of the 45 cases with acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Three of the 22 cases with a bacteriuria of other genesis proved as falsely positive. The antibody-coated-bacteria-test should be used as diagnostic remedy in infections of the urinary tract as well as for course controls and as screening test in the clinic. PMID- 7008398 TI - [Differential diagnosis of introduced malaria]. AB - It is reported on three cases of malaria tertiana and on one case of malaria quartana in combination with a peritoneal tuberculosis, emphasizing the differential-diagnostic problems. PMID- 7008399 TI - [Human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in the maternal serum following long-term intake of xantinol nicotinate (Complamin Retard) (author's transl)]. AB - Apart from rest in bed, various pharmacotherapeutic approaches are recommended in the treatment of chronically deficient foetal supply. Xantinol nicotinate (Complamin retard) was examined with regard to its influence on the human placental lactogen (HPL) values in a preliminary study followed by a double-blind study. In the first experimental series, 53 pregnant women were treated on an in patient basis because of suspected placental insufficiency. In 22 women treatment was effected by ordering complete rest in bed, whereas 31 women received for at least three weeks Complamin retard in addition to the "rest in bed" treatment. Rise in HPL levels was significantly more frequent with the Complamin group than with the group of women who had rested in bed only without receiving any pharmacotherapy. A double-blind study was conducted also in patients suspected of placental insufficiency. 25 pregnant women received Complamin retard for three weeks in succession, whereas 25 other pregnant women were given placebo tablets only. Here, too, it was statistically evident that the HPL values increased more often with the Complamin than with the placebo group of patients. PMID- 7008400 TI - [Therapeutical treatment of primiparae to reduce anxieties in connection with pregnancy and delivery (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of primiparae were subjected to two different forms of basically behavior therapeutic treatments which aimed to reduce birth anxiety. In comparison with an untreated control-group a significant reduction of birth anxieties was found. There was no significant effect between the treatment groups. Therapeutical success did not depend on anxiety-level before therapy. In relation to behavior during delivery a higher degree of relaxation was only found in the second experimental group. PMID- 7008401 TI - [Effect of imidazole derivatives on various numbers of microbes to determine microbial sensitivity]. AB - Imidazole derivatives with antifungal activity were investigated in their effects on concentrated and diluted suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus. Against Candida albicans, activity of the imidazol derivatives was higher in diluted suspensions than in concentrated suspensions: this fact proves the presence of a microbe-count sensitivity. Against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus, no microbe-count sensitivity of clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, or N-148/76 could be detected by Warburg assay on resting microbes. PMID- 7008402 TI - [Interactions between amphotericin B and hydroxytetracycline]. AB - By means of the Warburg assay (manometric technique), investigations were performed to elucidate interactions between amphotericin B, a polyene antifungal antibiotic, and hydroxytetracycline. Those two compounds were combined in clinical therapy. On resting yeasts and bacteria, interactions could be ruled out. On the contrary, on both types of microbes a significant increase in antimicrobial actions could be seen in the presence of the second substance. The antimycetic activity of amphotericin B was significantly increased in the presence of hydroxytetracycline (in five-fold concentrations). The antibacterial activity of hydroxytetracycline was significantly higher in the presence of amphotericin B (same concentrations). The clinical implication of these results is briefly discussed. PMID- 7008403 TI - [Photochemotherapy of T-cell lymphomas]. PMID- 7008404 TI - [Smell and taste thresholds in older people]. AB - The smell and taste ability of 105 persons at an age of 65 to 93 years was examined by adequate qualitative and semiquantitative chemical and electrogustometric methods. The basic levels of seniors were found above the levels of younger people. For the sense of smelling a significant connection of age and smell sensitivity could be measured. There was no difference between men and women using chemical test methods. With electrogustometry, however, women had a better taste sensitivity than men. At the age of 65 the taste levels are at a fix point. No higher levels could be realized in older persons. A significant reduction of smell ability was recognized in persons with reduction of cerebral blood flow and in smokers. The taste ability was disturbed in cases of diabetes, in persons using dental prostheses and selectively for "salty" in cases of hypertonia and "bitter" in smokers. Loss of taste was recognized in two women who used NaF-drugs, but also some other drugs were able to induce smell and taste alteration. PMID- 7008406 TI - [Social conditions and intelligence in old age]. AB - There is a complex structure of conditions which are accepted to be of effect on development of intelligence in old age. We turned particularly to the socioeconomic conditions with their stimulating or depriving attributes. With a pathanalytic model we were able to explain about 38% of variance of intellectual performance at the first measurement point of the Bonn Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). With this model we took into consideration the family environment of the aged BLSA people (60-75 yrs.) at their youth as well as some indicators of the aged peoples' socioeconomic status (educational and occupational level) in their later life history. PMID- 7008405 TI - [Aging and life-history: aims and approaches to a life-span oriented gerontology]. AB - The paper discusses the contributions of American theoretical and empirical approaches in life span developmental psychology to the understand of aging in a life-span frame of reference. The main part of the paper consists of a report on longitudinal as well as biographical studies on psychological and social development in adolescence, middle, and late adulthood which started at the Psychology Department of the University of Bonn in 1952 and are continued into the 80's. These studies point to close relationships between the social and psychological conditions in earlier and later periods of life and stress the relevance of promoting not only mental, but also social and effective-emotional competence for the coping with crisis situation in old age. PMID- 7008407 TI - [Determination of enteropeptidase activity in duodenal juice. II. Influential factors and normal values]. PMID- 7008412 TI - [History of preceptorships with general practitioners]. PMID- 7008409 TI - [Osteogenetic induction (critical comments to the concept "bone graft") (author's transl)]. AB - The author makes an attempt to prove the following facts on the basis of his histological studies: 1. The mechanical process of cutting out small bone fragments from the outer cortex of the long bones of fragments from the outer cortex of the long bones of living humans results in an immediate devitalisation or emptying of the lacunae. 2. In almost 74% of the cases, there is an emptying of the lacunae or absence of the mature osteocytes, as well as degeneration- albeit to a varying degree--in almost 95% of the remaining osteocytes. 3. These facts, i.e. immediate devitalisation of these small fragments of living bones, prompted the author to question the expression "bone graft", even with free or floating bone fragments taken from the same patient, i.e. also with the socalled autogenic or autologus bone grafts. 4. Transplanting or grafting a living bone fragment from the donor area to a recipient area will stimulate the recipient area to form new bones. In this manner, it is possible to achieve osteogenetic induction, and expression which respresents the course of facts with biological accuracy. 5. The mature osteocyte does not participate as a living cell in the osteogenetic process of rehabilitation, does not multiply, and dies. 6. The new bone is shaped by the recipient and not by the grafted bone of the donor. PMID- 7008408 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the determination of parameters of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 7008411 TI - [In memoriam Georg Hohmann 1880-1980]. PMID- 7008410 TI - [Histologic investigations of PTFE-surface acting for direct tissue contact on implants (author's transl)]. AB - Generally, implants give rise to toxic reactions and favour the formation and propagation of local infections. Adherance of the soft tissue to the implant prevents the development of fluid filled cavities, thus being of particular interest as a prophylactic measure in arresting spread of infections. Teflon cylinders with an etched surface have been investigated by optical and electron microskopic means following subcutane implantation in mice. We were able to demonstrate closed tissue contact. Signs of toxic tissue reactions were completely absent. PMID- 7008413 TI - [Diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice]. PMID- 7008414 TI - [Treatment of high blood pressure with Betadrenol 100. Results of a clinical study]. PMID- 7008415 TI - [Disturbed sleep I.: Diagnosis of sleep disorders]. PMID- 7008417 TI - Soviet naval medicine: Military Medical Order of Lenin Medical Academy Imeni S.M. Kirov (VMEA). PMID- 7008416 TI - [Disturbed sleep II.: Therapy of sleep disorders]. PMID- 7008419 TI - [Biological and social factors in child development]. PMID- 7008418 TI - Effect of HR (O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides) on the impaired venous function of young females taking oral contraceptives. A strain gauge plethysmographic and clinical open controlled study. PMID- 7008420 TI - [Development of I. M. Sechenov's ideas in modern research on industrial hygiene and physiology]. PMID- 7008421 TI - [Pressing scientific research problems in the nutritional health of the rural population]. PMID- 7008423 TI - [Cast specimens for hardness and elasticity with respect to porosity and microstructure]. PMID- 7008422 TI - [Physical environmental factors as a hygienic problem]. PMID- 7008424 TI - [Shrinkage and gaseous porosity of acrylic denture base materials with respect to processing methods]. PMID- 7008426 TI - Puerperal sepsis in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. AB - Because puerperal sepsis is the second most common cause of maternal death in Papua New Guinea some aspects of its aetiology and prevention have been investigated. 91% of 125 women with puerperal fever were found to have post partum uterine infection. The anaerobes Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus singly or together, were the commonest causes, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the predominant aerobic species. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were established, and chloramphenicol was found to be the most active agent against anaerobic and most aerobic strains. Endocervical cultures obtained from 103 ante-partum and 50 afebrile post-partum women demonstrated all the species associated with post partum genital infection in this study. An analysis of the records of all patients was made to determine the redisposing factors associated with puerperal fever; only operative delivery was found to be significant, especially when it followed prolonged labour. Metronidazole given to 72 women before induction of labour was associated with puerperal fever in 4%, compared with 21% in matched controls. PMID- 7008425 TI - Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. AB - Evidence of resistance ot chloroquine was found in 13 out of 14 children from the East New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea, with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infant amodiaquine also proved to be ineffective in preventing malaria in young children of one village in the Province. PMID- 7008427 TI - Malaria and growth stunting in young children of the highlands of Papua New Guinea. AB - In a Highlands Valley, at low altitude, malaria is a contributing factor to stunting of growth, an expression of chronic malnutrition, in young children. The affect is most marked in children under two years of age, and may result from retarded intrauterine growth, although malaria also possibly exerts a direct affect on growth in young children. In the absence of a malaria control programme, distribution of amodiaquine to young children and chloroquine to pregnant women and mothers of young children, could reduce not only unnecessary mortality and ill health, but also contribute to the nutritional well being of growing children. In accessible areas the regular MCH clinics held every month could effect such a prophylaxis programme among these at risk groups. PMID- 7008428 TI - Primary gram negative pneumonia in adults in Papua New Guinea. AB - A retrospective review of gram-negative bacteraemia in Papua New Guinean adults revealed four cases of primary gram negative pneumonia over a two-year period. Patients with primary gram negative pneumonia constituted less than 1% of all pneumonias admitted to the medical ward. Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the aetiologic agents. Three of four patients died following a fulminant course. It is concluded that primary gram negative pneumonia in Papua New Guinea is rare but carries a high mortality. PMID- 7008429 TI - Endemic ocular infections of the South Seas in the German colonial era. PMID- 7008430 TI - [Changes in immunoreactivity dependent on psychic stresses - animal experiments]. AB - White NMRI-mice, separated according to sex, after different pretreatments (isolation, isolation combined with light deprivation, crowding) were exposed to an experimental infection with E. coli. Compared to the respective control groups. The cumulative post-infectious mortality was significantly higher among the male test subjects in the isolation and the crowding experiments, whereas the female mice showed increased mortality after pre-treatment which isolation in combination with light deprivation. The results are discussed and compared to other findings in the literature. PMID- 7008431 TI - [Migraine and its treatment through functional relaxation]. AB - In contrast to externally manifest behaviour modification, this report deals with the detection and dissolving of unperceptible, unconscious by maladjusted behaviour in patients suffering from headache. This procedure is oriented towards the patient's own personal rhythm, thereby attempting to achieve a balance between relaxation and tension. In the event that unconscious control of the diaphragm by means of relaxation is achieved, it is possible to simultaneously influence the neurovegetative balance. This is crucial for patients with vasomotor cephalalgia. The significance of disturbances in early childhood relations and increase in self-awareness, self-conficence, and self-assurance is demonstrated with the case history of a five year old girl who had suffered severe migraine and was treated successfully by crisis intervention with functional relaxation. PMID- 7008432 TI - [Relation between yoga and psychotherapy]. AB - Western psychotherapy and Yoga overlap insofar as both systems are based upon religious and mythological facts, and--on the level of psychotherapeutical praxis -on the technics of hypnosis, auto- and heterosuggestions and/or meditation. It is 50 years ago that the west considered the psychotherapeutical effects of theayoga-systems, first of all of Hatha- Yoga. Even today a theoretical foundation by means of proper comparison of the two structures is missing. In present-day India Yoga fulfills psychohygienical functions without being a psychotherapy in our sense. There are various techniques of magic in use, which replace the experimental psychological-psychotherapeutical methods in the West. The acceptance of meditation could only be successful if the metaphysical and sociocultural context would be integrated at the same time. The traditional function of Yoga guarantees its continuity even in the modern industrialized society of India. Neither the theoretical nor the pratical fundaments allow a direct transfer at present. PMID- 7008434 TI - [Prevention oriented prosthesis]. PMID- 7008433 TI - Production of gnotobiotic mice with normal physiological functions. I. Selection of useful bacteria from feces of conventional mice. PMID- 7008437 TI - [Clinical use of cast crowns for posterior teeth]. PMID- 7008435 TI - [Internally cooled milling and boring instruments for preparation of an endosseous implant site]. PMID- 7008436 TI - [Problems of facetted crowns with silanated mineral coating]. PMID- 7008438 TI - [Method for special model production using new materials. 1. Report: special model production for ring castings using materials of thermoplastic composition]. PMID- 7008439 TI - [Disinfection of prostheses in need of repair with the chemical disinfectant, Wofasteril]. PMID- 7008440 TI - [12. Aluminum oxide ceramic]. PMID- 7008442 TI - [Technology of cast crowns for posterior teeth]. PMID- 7008441 TI - [5. Biological compatibility of model cast prostheses from the viewpoint of the material]. PMID- 7008443 TI - [Well-balanced material sequences--principles and assumptions in the manufacture of high quality prostheses]. PMID- 7008446 TI - [13. Further development of ceramics]. PMID- 7008444 TI - [Principles of the wax casting technic. 1. Anatomy and physiology of posterior tooth occlusal surfaces]. PMID- 7008445 TI - [Indications and preparation of outside frames of model cast prostheses]. PMID- 7008447 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (21)]. PMID- 7008449 TI - Distribution of phagovars of Salmonella typhimurium in Canada (1969-1976). AB - The distribution of Salmonella typhimurium phagovars in Canada during the period 1969-1976 is described. Of 9282 strains examined, 69.6% were of human origin and the remaining 30.4% were isolated from non-human sources. The typable strains of all sources, constituted 73.1% of all strains examined, and were representative of 107 different phagovars. There were only 15 phagovars accounting for more than 1% of the cases either from human or non-human sources. Phagovar 49 consistently showed the highest incidence in both groups (human 25.2% and non-human 19.9%). Although 26.6% of the strains from all sources were not typable, the use of experimental phages M 499 and 721 reduced the percentage of untypable strains to 9.9%. Yearly data on the incidence of phagovars from human sources showed a gradual decrease of phagovar 49 and an increase of phagovar 10. Examination of 358 human outbreaks of S. typhimurium revealed 47 different phagovars during the 8-year period. PMID- 7008448 TI - Immune response to Mycobacterium lepraemurium: assessment of the humoral immune response in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal infection of mice with Mycobacterium lepraemurium produced a primary immune response as represented by direct (IgM) plaque-forming cells at the splenic level within a short period after infection. This response was enhanced when animals were administered a second infection fifteen days after the first one. An identical situation was observed with the developed (IgG) plaques, although the magnitude of these plaques in animals given the second challenge was of a higher order than those given only one infection. In both instances, the number of plaques declined within a very short time after reaching a peak. Higher levels of both direct and developed plaques in animals given second infection was a consequence of the dual effect of antigenic stimulus offerred through the extracellular organisms in the second challenge and intracellular organisms from the previous challenge. The rapid decline, indicated a dampening of the immune response through restricted antigenic stimulus, not only due to all organisms becoming intracellular during the course of infection but also due to structural alterations in the spleens, caused by extensive proliferation of the infecting pathogen. Comparative analysis of the humoral immune response in animals infected with M. leprae, M. marinum and M. lepraemurium indicated similarities in terms of the latent period of induction and decline of the immune response and some very distinct differences in other respects. These differences could be attributed to various factors, such as the site and dose of infection, nature of the disease induced in the animal hose and the ability of the respective organisms to become intracellular. Based on these observations, it is suggested that neither the M. lepraemurium nor the M. marinum models can fully satisfy the requirements, at least immunologically, needed to consider these models as possible substitutes for evaluation of the host-parasite interactions in M. leprae infection of mice, although such a concept has been proposed previously, especially in regard to the M. marinum model. PMID- 7008450 TI - [Immunization against salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. Chemical composition and protecting activity of different extracts from salmonella R mutants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008451 TI - Studies concerning the sensitivity of Klebsiella strains to a set of Klebsiella bacteriocins. AB - Optimal crude preparations of Klebsiella bacteriocins were obtained bu U.V. irradiation of bacteriocin producer strains. Of 308 clinical isolates of Klebsiella 88.9% could be typed on the basis of their sensitivity to different Klebsiella bacteriocins. The method affords further development of bacteriocin typing as a suitable procedure for hospital epidemiological investigation. PMID- 7008452 TI - [Influence of different sampling systems on evaluation of bacteriological and virological performance for an activated-sludge treatment plant (author's transl)]. AB - Various quantitative evaluations of the performance of an activated-sludge treatment plant for viruses and bacteria removal and ameliorating physicochemical characteristics have been performed over a period of 24 hours, using successive and continuous samplings. The performance of the treatment plant evaluated using these two sampling systems shows no difference with the one obtained from punctual sampling. In every case, one can observe at the discharge a reduction amounting to 1 or 2 log. for the bacterial density and from 1/2 to 2 log. for the viral charge. Statistical study shows that whatever the sampling method used - punctual or successive and continuous over 24 hours - there is no fundamental difference between values of viral and bacterial densities. This comparison can only be established if a previous study has been made to determine the most representative hour to effect the punctual sampling. PMID- 7008453 TI - [Investigations and review of literature relationg to carcinogenesis III. Communication: the results of experimental foreign body-carcinogenesis in relation to asbestos, schistosomiasis and scar cancer in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008454 TI - [Restricted importance of LRH test in clinical routine diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The pituitary responsiveness to luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LRH) was studied in 68 women aged between 15 and 30 years. The patients suffered from primary and secondary amenorrhoea or anovulatory cycles in combination with hirsutism, primary sterility, oligo-amenorrhoea, adrenogenital syndrome, and nervous anorexia. Eleven women without any discernible endocrinological disorders were used as controls. Double stimulation was performed by two intravenous injections of 25 microgram LRH each, spaced by one two-hour interval. Blood samples were taken repeatedly prior to, between, and after the injections at intervals set beforehand. Luteinising hormone (LH) plasma concentrations were determined by radio-immuno-assay. The mean difference between the two basic values measured ten and five minutes before LRH application was as low as 20.1 per cent. In most cases, the maximum values occurred 30 minutes after both injections. A positive correlation (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) was found to exist between the level recordable 30 minutes after the first injection and the integral of all values included. Dependence of response to LRH application on the height of the basic values was more strongly pronounced than that on the underlying category of disease. The LRH test, perhaps, may be indicated in cases of low basic LH values (< 2 ng/ml) to verify suspicion of a hypogonadotrophic situation. Simplification of the test procedure to only one withdrawal of blood each immediately before and 30 minutes after LRH injection seems to be justified. PMID- 7008455 TI - [Local immune response of female genital tract in cases of gonorrhoeal cervicitis (author's transl)]. AB - The optical immunofluorescence technique was used to examine endocervical tissue samples taken from 74 patients with gonorrhoea. Local plasma cells were increased, with immunoglobulin-A forming cells being predominant. Immunoglobulin G forming cells were increased, too, but immunoglobulin-M positive cells were scarce. Complement deposits were recorded interstitially, most of them close to the basal membrane. Intraleucocytic and extraleucocytic gonococci were detected, depending on stages of the disease. PMID- 7008457 TI - [Pathophysiology of asphyxiae shock (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given of the asphyxiae shock to introduce more publications on animal experiments, in the context. The asphyxiae shock is a problem of wide ramifications on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Discussed and graphically described are the pathophysiological processes in macrocirculation and microcirculation along with foetal hypoxia together with the effects of those processes upon the coagulative system of the foetus. The author's own studies had been prompted by unelucidated problems, in that context. PMID- 7008456 TI - [Coagulation disorders in obstetric patients at gynaecological hospital of Leipzig University, 1961 through 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - Intrapartum coagulopathy was secured from 41 in 69,336 obstetric patients, between 1961 and 1978. Haemostatic disorders, such as v. Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, plasmatic coagulation defects, and hyperfibrinolysis, had been recorded from ten patients even before parturition. The courses of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium of those patients are reported, with reference being made to the need for prepartum hospitalisation as well as for target-oriented substitutional therapy and non-invasive delivery control. - Acute intrapartum haemorrhagic syndrome occurred to 31 patients, among them 13 patients with loss coagulopathy. Prophylaxis and therapy of such coagulation disorders are discussed. The deaths of two mothers are analysed. Consumptive coagulopathy, triggered by typical gestational complications, was manifest in the other 18 patients. Prophylaxis and therapy of that severe obstetric coagulopathy are discussed. PMID- 7008458 TI - [Behaviour of human placental lactogen (HPL) following continuous glucose infusion in late pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous intravenous glucose infusion was applied to 15 pregnant women of normal body weight, in the 37th week of pregnancy. The glucose levels in the blood, serum immunoreactive insulin, and placental lactogenic hormone (HPL) were monitored for three hours. Glucose tolerances were found to be normal in five probands, borderline in another five, and pathological in five, as well. No relationships were found to exist between insulin requirement und plasma HPL levels. While all HPL levels were somewhat increased in those patients with pathological glucose tolerances, the differences were not significant. PMID- 7008459 TI - [Successful pregnancy, following kidney transplantation. Brief account of additional cases reported in literature (author's transl)]. AB - A primigravida, 37 years of age, gave birth to a healthy girl, one and a half year from transplantation of a postmortem kidney. The treatment, using immunosuppressors, and pregnancy monitoring are described in greater detail. -- A brief account is also given of additional cases of pregnancy of kidney transplant recipients. Aspects relating to high-risk pregnancy and possible consequences of immunosuppressive therapy are discussed. PMID- 7008460 TI - [Impetigo neonatorum congenita caused by B-streptococci (author's transl)]. AB - The growing incidence among newborns of B-streptococcal diseases has been accompanied by the appearance of less common findings, such as Impetigo neonatorum bullosa. The pathological pattern is described. Brief reference is made to literature. PMID- 7008461 TI - [Continuous intravenous infusion of insulin to girls with hereditary tall growth and secretion of human growth hormone, prior to and during Deposiston treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous intravenous insulin infusion tests, accompanied by growth hormone determination, were applied to 40 girls of tall growth whose final lengths were predicted to be in excess of 181 cm. The girls were aged between nine and half and 14 years and one month, all of them being in the premenarchic phase. The tests were conducted prior to and following at least one year of Deposiston therapy (oestrogen/gestagen). - Really effective inhibition of growth (7.4 +/- 0.6 cm) was obtained only from five girls, aged between nine years and ten months and eleven years, in whom basal secretion of HGH was lower with significance than that of the whole group, with their stimulation reaction being fully retained. Secretion of somatotropic hormone (STH) of the other girls remained unaffected, prior to and following treatment. The weekly oestrogen dose of 1 mg was relatively low, when compared to propositions made by other authors, but it seemed to be justified by the average reduction in expected final body length obtained for the probands reviewed (5.4 +/- 2.0 cm). PMID- 7008462 TI - [Modified measurement of placental blood flow at I Gynaecological Hospital of Vienna University (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a modification of placental blood flow measurement which is in use at the I. Gynaecological Hospital of the University of Vienna. An injection of 350muCi 113m-In-Transferrin was followed by computer-aided on-line recording of the radioactivity curve over the placenta, using a gamma scintillation camera. Radioactivity-time curves may be described by the e function, At=A0(1-e-kt). The iterative regression method was used for mathematical evaluation, and the curve slope was printed out at zero by the computer (tgx at zero). The flow curves were attributable with good clinical relevance to three types of standard curves depending on curve shapes. The disadvantages of other methods are discussed. PMID- 7008463 TI - [Socio-psychological factors of "family-oriented obstetrics", including "rooming in" (author's transl)]. AB - The introduction of the "rooming in" system to maternity wards of many hospitals has been accompanied by additional demands on the hospital made by parents together with their desire tor "natural birth". Therefore, additional factors have to be taken into due consideration in the context of "family-oriented obstetrics". Interviews were made with 1,000 mothers, just after delivery to find out what they thought about certain marginal conditions in maternity advisory centres, delivery rooms, and on maternity wards. Their replies were statistically evaluated. PMID- 7008464 TI - [Results of treatment of cervical carcinoma at Gynaecological Hospital of Rostock University, 1959 through 1972 (author's transl)]. AB - Results obtained in the treatment of cervical carcinoma at the Gynaecological Hospital of Rostock University, between 1959 and 1972, are reported and compared with the figures given in the Annual Report. The results obtained in Rostock were found to be in key with that international standard. Surgical and radiological therapies yielded somewhat identical results, when applied under optimum conditions to the operable stages I and II. PMID- 7008465 TI - [Pathogenesis and morphology of circulatory disorders of the spinal cord. Review]. AB - After a short recapitulation of the functional anatomy and recent findings with respect to the pathophysiology of the spinal circulation, the more important forms of lesions, sites of disturbances and patterns of the extension of spinal blood flow disturbances are described. The morphological findings and patterns of lesions only give conditioned indications with regard to the site of disturbances causing impaired blood supply and of the clinical symptoms, but it is possible to differentiate certain standard lesions and topical lesion patterns which are demonstrated for processes in the aortic region, affections of root and other aortomedullary affluxes, the spinal longitudinal arteries and the intra- and erimedullary vessels and the venous path and documented by instructive examples. Special emphasis is laid on the role of spinal blood flow disturbances in spinal cord injuries, diseases of the vertebral column as well as in diagnostic and vascular-surgical interventions. Finally, deformations of the spinal vessels and their complications are briefly discussed. The knowledge of the functional anatomy, pathophysiology and pathomorphology of spinal blood flow disturbances appears to be essential for an early diagnosis and a systematic therapy of these rare diseases of the spinal cord which are difficult to demarcate differential diagnostically. PMID- 7008466 TI - Immunity to Escherichia coli in piglets: the role of colostral antibodies directed against heat labile enterotoxin in experimental neonatal diarrhoea. PMID- 7008467 TI - The predisposing role of high dietary protein supplies in enteropathogenic E. coli infections of weaned pigs. PMID- 7008468 TI - Antibacterial effect of volatile fatty acids in enteric E. coli-infections of rabbits. PMID- 7008469 TI - [Brain noradrenergic system in onto- and phylogeny]. PMID- 7008470 TI - [Features of thalamocortical relations in the phantom pain syndrome (electrophysiologic studies during stereotaxic surgery)]. AB - Corticographic effects are analysed in 14 patients with severe phantom-pain syndrome from data obtained in electric stimulation of specific sensory and nonspecific nuclear structures of the thalamus. The findings of EEG, ECoG and VP analysis reflect reorganization of the thalamo-cortical relationships in the phantom-pain syndrome in the direction of disorganization of the regulating mechanisms. Evidence of this are an increased excitability level in the thalamic nuclei and the central cortex, disorder of the regional differences of the weakly modulated alpha-rhythm, and marked changes in the amplitude and configuration of VP of the parietal and central cortical areas. Various frequencies of stimulating current were used to differentiate the specific sensory and nonspecific thalamic nuclei. It was found that for the identification of the relay sensory nucleus, stimulation with a frequency range of 1-20 Hz is most effective, in which there is local synchronization of the cortical rhythm corresponding with the duration of the stimulation. Electric stimulation with a frequency of 50 Hz and more induces reactions characteristic of nonspecific nuclei: general desynchronization of the cortical rhythm during stimulation with the development of characteristic "spindles" in the after-action. PMID- 7008471 TI - [Tabular differential diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral contusions using a portable calculator]. AB - Mathematical diagnostic tables for differentiating intracranial hematomas and contusions of the brain were compiled on the basis of a minimax algorithm with the use of the M-222 electronic computer. Their application in 160 cases with intracranial traumatic hematomas and in 110 cases with contusion of the brain provided exact diagnosis in 90% of cases. The mathematical calculations are adapted for use with the "Elektronika" microcomputers manufactured in the USSR. PMID- 7008472 TI - [Stereotaxic cryothrombosis of arteriovenous aneurysms of the vascular plexus of the lateral ventricle]. PMID- 7008473 TI - The in vitro modification of phosphorylated pyruvate kinase by a Ca2+-activated protease from rat liver. AB - A Ca/+-activated protease from rat liver cell sap was prepared. It was shown to act on rat liver pyruvate kinase that had been phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, the activity being optimum at neutral pH. The modified pyruvate kinase had the same Vmax as the phosphoenzyme but showed a lower affinity for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. The possibility that this proteolytic attack is the step that initiates further degradation in the cell is discussed. PMID- 7008474 TI - Review of the use of digitalis glycosides in ventricular dysrhythmia. AB - The present publication reviews actual knowledge of the electrophysiological properties of low doses of digitalis in perspective of its use in patients with ventricular dysrhythmia. Both animal experiments and observations in humans have demonstrated that increased adrenergic and decreased cholinergic tone predispose to ventricular arrhythmia. An increased cholinergic tone on the other hand has been shown to protect against increased ventricular vulnerability, especially in situations of increased adrenergic tone. Therefore the combination of the cholinergic and anti-adrenergic actions of digitalis may help to control situations of increased ventricular vulnerability. This principle is especially attractive because digitalis, in contrast to classical anti-arrhythmics is devoid of any cardiodepressive effects. The clinical experience with digitalis in ventricular dysrhythmia as documented by the group of Lown is discussed in detail. The studies presently available do not yet allow digitalis to be accepted as a drug of first choice in this indication, but its careful use is not longer to be rejected for patients with non-digitalis induced ventricular dysrhythmia. PMID- 7008477 TI - [Proteases of snake venoms. Influence of chemical agents on the proteolytic activity of Lachesis muta Shushupe venom]. PMID- 7008475 TI - The influence of low dose heparin in elective surgery on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet function, antithrombin III and antiplasmin. AB - Patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were randomized into 2 groups, one receiving low dose of heparin (LDH) and one placebo. The code was not opened until all clinical and laboratory tests had been evaluated. LDH had no significant influence on APTT, thrombin time or presence of fibrin monomers except that significantly more patients in the LDH group had prolonged APTT on postoperative day 1, thrombin times greater than 19 sec preoperatively, and fibrin monomers less frequently on postoperative day 5. No significant influence on fibrinogen-related antigens was demonstrable. LDH did not influence the platelet counts or the postoperative increasing aggregability, as illustrated by decreasing threshold concentrations of ADP and adrenalin, increasing frequency of spontaneous platelet aggregation and increase in serotonin release. In contrast the antithrombin III activity against IIa and Xa dropped sigifnicantly more postoperatively in thd LDH group apparently due to increased consumption. The antiplasmin concentration dropped significantly more peroperatively and the fibrinolytic activity increased significantly more in the LDH group immediately postoperatively. The antiplasmin concentrations were significantly in creased later in the postoperative period in both groups, significantly less in the LDH group. These changes induced by LDH favour the inhibition and lysis of thrombus formation. PMID- 7008476 TI - Low dose heparin in elective abdominal surgery. Correlation between concentrations of heparin, antithrombin III and antiplasmin in patients with and without DVT. PMID- 7008478 TI - Action of chymotrypsin on experimental Plasmodium berghei infection in albino mice. PMID- 7008479 TI - Legionnaires disease in Belgium--an additional case. PMID- 7008480 TI - [Evaluation of an automatic system for the rapid screening of bacteriuria in routine practice]. PMID- 7008481 TI - Kinins in relation to renin activity in renal and inferior caval veins in normal individuals and patients with primary aldosteronism. AB - Blood kinin concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined in the renal veins and in the inferior caval vein (ICV) below the level of the renal veins in 9 normal individuals (5 men and 4 women) and 7 patients with primary aldosteronism (3 men and 4 women). PRA in the renal veins and ICV was significantly lower and plasma aldosterone concentration in ICV significantly higher in the patients as compared to the normals. Kinin concentration in the renal veins and ICV did not differ significantly between the patients and the normals (0.31 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SEM) vs 0.45 +/- 0.03 and 0.27 +/- 0.05 vs 0.45 +/- 0.06 microgram/l, respectively). In the normal individuals kinin concentration and PRA were inversely related in the left renal vein (r = -0.80; P less than 0.02), whereas this relation did not reach statistical significance in the right renal vein (r = -0.60; P less than 0.10). Kinin concentration in both renal veins was positively correlated to kinin concentration in ICV (r = 0.73; P less than 0.05 and r = 0.83; P less than 0.02 for the right and left renal vein, respectively). These results indicate that intrarenal kinin formation and renin release are inversely related in normal subjects. Furthermore, they suggest that one and the same enzyme, possibly renal kallikrein, may be implicated in the kinin formation in the systemic as well as in the renal circulation. Intrarenal kinin formation seems not to be increased in primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7008482 TI - In vitro effects of various metabolic inhibitors on the formation of inactive renin and the loss of renin in rabbit uterine tissue. AB - A pronounced formation of renin occurs during incubation of non-pregnant uterine tissue slices in vitro. The synthesized renin appears in an enzymatically inactive form, which can be activated by acidification. Prior to incubation only a small fraction of inactive renin is present. The formation of inactive renin is blocked by puromycin and by inhibition of energy metabolism, indicating a de novo synthesis. A similar pattern of inhibition prevails the modest formation of inactive renin in post-partum uterus. The marked loss of active renin seen during incubation of post-partum uterine tissue is partly prevented by an inhibition of energy metabolism. Potent inhibitors are iodoacetate and chloroquine. These findings are in accordance with lysosomal engagement in the inactivation of renin. Incubated kidney cortex tissue shows only a minor loss of renin during incubation. This loss is uninfluenced by attempts to block it. PMID- 7008483 TI - Uterine receptors and fertility regulation. PMID- 7008484 TI - Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs/Schools. List of recognized educational programs/w/revisions (current status as of September, 1980). PMID- 7008485 TI - A technique for disinfection of the MDO oxygen electrode. AB - A method for disinfection and aseptic assembly of the MDO (Mehrdraht Dortmund Oberflache) oxygen electrode has been evaluated. The method is based on treating each electrode component separately and then assembling the different parts under aseptic surgical conditions. The performance of the disinfected electrode was studied and found to be unchanged as compared with a non-disinfected electrode. Bacteriological studies on the effectiveness of the disinfection technique described and on the permeability of the electrode membranes to bacteria and bacterial spores were performed. The electrode membranes were penetrated by bacteria in experiments simulating in-use conditions in about 11% of membranes tested, after contamination of the inner electrode surface with heavy inocula. When studies were performed with the disinfected MDO oxygen electrode on humans, routine cultures from the wound were positive in about 10% of the cases. No clinical wound infection was seen. The majority of the positive cultures were probably caused by the surgical technique rather than the handling of the electrode. The disinfection method for the MDO oxygen electrode described in this paper makes it possible to use the electrode clinically, except in cases of hepatitis. PMID- 7008486 TI - Effects of the level of CPAP on central haemodynamics and oxygen transport. AB - The effects of different levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on central haemodynamics and oxygen transport were studied in ten spontaneously breathing male patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass graft operation 18 h earlier. With increasing CPAP levels ranging from 5 cmH2O(0.49kPa)(CPAP 5) to 15 cmH2O(1.47kPa)(CPAP 15), the cardiac index was found to decrease significantly, while the intraluminal pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures increased simultaneously. The mean systemic arterial pressure remained unaltered, while the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased with increasing CPAP. Systemic oxygen transport changed concomitantly with the changes in cardiac output, since arterial blood oxygen content was not altered. The mixed venous blood oxygen tension decreased with increasing CPAP, as did the cardiac output. No changes in the total oxygen consumption or in the arteriovenous oxygen content difference were found at the various CPAP levels. Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly higher during hypoxia caused by closure of the small airways as a consequence of a reduction in the functional residual capacity during CPAP 0. Thus, low level CPAP might be beneficial in maintaining proper lung volume in an intubated patient after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The observations also suggest that, in these patients, CPAP levels exceeding 10 cmH2O bring about cardiac depression leading to an undesirable reduction in systemic oxygen transport. Mixed venous blood oxygen tension may offer information useful in the adjustment of the level of CPAP. PMID- 7008488 TI - Cerebral resuscitation. A review. AB - The brain is the target organ of resuscitology. Besides known cardiopulmonary optimalisation, new therapeutic modalities--in particular barbiturate therapy- are introduced in the intensive care of patients with various syndromes of postischemic encephalopathy. An overview of animal research and our clinical experience in "cerebral resuscitation" is discussed. PMID- 7008489 TI - Neurophysiological aspects of learning and memory processes. PMID- 7008487 TI - Postoperative vomiting treated with domperidone. A double-blind comparison with metoclopramide and a placebo. AB - In a double-blind comparison of domperidone 10 mg, domperidone 4 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg and a placebo, 176 adult patients were given an intravenous injection of one of these substances after postoperative vomiting had occurred. Patients were then observed for 6 hours. Those who failed to respond sufficiently to the double-blind injection were given an open dose of domperidone 4 mg i.v. Vomiting recurred in 52% of patients in each of domperidone groups compared with 75% of patients in the metoclopramide group and 84% of patients in the placebo group. Thus domperidone was significantly more effective than the other two substances (p < 0.05). Significantly more patients in the placebo group required a supplementary injection than in the domperidone and metoclopramide groups (p < 0.05). No side effects were observed in any patient. PMID- 7008491 TI - Plaque inhibiting effect of combinations of chlorhexidine and the metal ions zinc and tin. A preliminary report. AB - Rinsing experiments with combinations of chlorhexidine, zinc- and stannous ions were performed in a group of students. Chlorhexidine and zinc (0.2% and 0.3% respectively) gave a plaque inhibiting effect slightly better than chlorhexidine alone, whereas chlorhexidine and stannous ions in the same concentrations showed a reduced effect, presumably due to the low pH of the solution. Pre-rinses with metal ions caused a marked reduction in the effect of chlorhexidine, whereas chlorhexidine first and metal ions afterwards gave approximately the same effect as chlorhexidine alone. The results indicate that the metal ions and chlorhexidine have the same receptor sites in the oral cavity, chlorhexidine exhibiting the stronger affinity when the ions were applied together. PMID- 7008490 TI - The learning brain during a life-cycle - some biochemical and psychological aspects. PMID- 7008493 TI - Occurrence of VIP nerves in mammalian dental pulps. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuropeptide with possible neurotransmitter function, was demonstrating in nerves of dental pulps of several mammals including man. The VIP containing nerves were observed around blood vessels and as single terminals in the pulpal stroma. In view of the potent vasodilatory actions of VIP it is conceivable that pulpal VIP nerves take part in the regulation of local blood flow. PMID- 7008492 TI - The effects of stannous and stannic ions on the formation and acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. AB - The present study was concerned with the effect of stannous and stannic ions on the formation and acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. Five dental students participated in the study on inhibition of plaque formation. They rinsed for four days with 0.2% aqueous solution of either Sn2+ or Sn4+ and in addition 15% w/v sucrose to enhance plaque formation. The P1.I was recorded after each series. Another test panel participated in the study on inhibition of acid production. The pH of the plaque was measured in situ. The stannous ion showed marked inhibiting activity on plaque formation whereas the stannic ion showed only a slight effect. The stannous ion also showed an effect in reducing the acidogenicity of dental plaque whereas the stannic ion showed no such effect. These findings support the concept that the stannous ion reduces the metabolic activity of plaque by oxidation of thiol groups by affinity for these groups. This is not the case with stannic ions. It seems conceivable that the reduced metabolic activity in plaque is the main factor which causes plaque inhibition. The slight plaque inhibiting effect of the stannic ions may be caused by inhibition of adsorption as such as this ion has no direct effect on the metabolism of the plaque. PMID- 7008494 TI - Function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in relation to electrolyte balance in the small-for-date neonate. AB - To assess the influences of intrauterine growth retardation on the electrolyte status and the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of newborn infants, sodium and potassium balance, as well as plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion were determined simultaneously in a group of healthy growth retarded and healthy normally grown neonates. It was observed that intake, urinary excretion and retention rate of sodium and potassium as well as the plasma sodium and potassium levels were essentially the same in the two groups. Similarly, no significant difference was found in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone level and urinary aldosterone excretion between the neonates whose birth weight was small or appropriate for gestational age. It is concluded that intrauterine growth retardation has no significant influence on the electrolyte status and the activity of the renin- angiotensin--aldosterone system, suggesting that in the regulation of these functions gestational factors are mainly involved. PMID- 7008495 TI - Bactericidal capacity of plasma and granulocytes against Escherichia coli in the small-for-dates newborn. AB - Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria in newborns and especially small-for dates newborns sometimes run a dramatic course and have a high mortality rate. The bactericidal effect of plasma and granulocytes was determined by the method of Balch et al [1] in 27 small-for-dates term newborns and 19 normal term newborns. The number of killed bacteria was practically the same in th mixture of granulocytes and plasma in both groups. On the other hand, a threefold decrease of the bactericidal effect of plasma was observed when it was applied alone, without granulocytes. This may indicate that the defect is more in the plasma than in the granulocytes, and is probably due to the failure of class IgM antibodies to cross the placental barrier. PMID- 7008496 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin in liver tissue. A methodological investigation. AB - The influence of the tissue preparation on the immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in liver tissue was evaluated using autopsy and biopsy material with and without AAT globules. On comparing frozen sections of unfixed material with paraffin sections of formalin fixed material a slightly better preservation of the immunoreactivity of AAT was observed in frozen sections. On comparing different fixatives, fixation in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Lillie's AAF or 96% ethanol/1% acetic acid caused a clearly better preservation of demonstrable AAT than fixation in Clarke's or Bouin's fixatives. The fixation time had only minor influence when using fixation times within a week. Extremely long fixation for several months caused, however, a clear reduction in demonstrable AAT. Pretreatment with proteolytic enzymes of deparaffinized sections of formalin fixed tissue caused an increase in demonstrable AAT, especially in tissues fixed for extremely long periods of time. On comparing three different immunohistochemical techniques: indirect immunoperoxidase, peroxidase/anti-peroxidase (PAP), and indirect immunofluorescnece, no convicting difference in sensitivity was observed between the three techniques. It is concluded that for the immunohistochemical demonstration of AAT in liver tissue the employment of indirect immunoperoxidase staining on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material is recommendable as it combines a sensitive staining technique with a satisfactory preservation of immunoreactivity and tissue morphology. PMID- 7008497 TI - Experimental endocarditis in rabbits. 4. Experiments with Serratia marcescens: on the significance of serum susceptibility and proteolytic capacity of the strains and the influence of an indwelling catheter. AB - In order to investigate the course of Serratia marcescens endocarditis in groups of rabbits with and without an indwelling catheter, 130 rabbits were pretreated to produce left-sided endocarditis. Three clinical isolates of S. marcescens were used to infect the rabbits, i.e. CDC O13 (serum sensitive, proteolytic), SM 104 (serum resistant, proteolytic) and SM 55 (highly serum resistant, non proteolytic). Ten rabbits with an indwelling catheter were challenged with CDC O13 and none of them died or showed evidence of endocarditis 28 days later. In groups of rabbits with indwelling catheters which were challenged with SM 104 or SM 55 there was a high incidence of endocarditis (19/20, 18/20, respectively), while groups without catheters inoculated with the same strains had a lower incidence (5/20, 15/20, respectively). In contrast to earlier observations with Streptococcus faecalis, the clinical and pathological data were not significantly influenced by the presence or absence of proteolytic capacity of the infecting strains. The results indicate that the ability of S. marcescens to establish endocarditis depends significantly on the degree of serum resistance of the strains. This difference was only demonstrable in experiments without an indwelling catheter during the infection period. The distrurbing influence of an indwelling catheter is discussed, and it is concluded that experimental models using indwelling catheters are inappropriate for studies on the pathophysiology of endocarditis. PMID- 7008498 TI - Non-antibody components in human milk inhibit Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Milk from 11 Norwegian women was fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and column chromatography. The milk samples inhibited the binding of heat labile E. coli enterotoxin to antibodies coated on microtiter plates in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inhibiting activity was not detected when the toxin was measured in an adrenal cell assay. The inhibiting activity was of a non immunoglobulin nature with an apparent molecular weight of greater than 400 000 in gel filtration experiments. PMID- 7008499 TI - Leucocyte mobilization to skin lesions. AB - Leucocyte mobilization to a chamber covering a skin lesion was studies in healthy volunteers. 111 Indium-labelled blood leucocytes accumulated in the chambers, indicating mobilization of leucocytes from the blood. The concentration of autologous serum in the chamber medium influenced the number of leucocytes mobilized, while heat inactivation of serum or the repeated use of the same serum had no effect on the counts. The use of zymosan-treated serum increased the mobilization by up to 53%. The kinetics for the mobilization of leucocytes to chambers containing autologous serum was followed in healthy subjects. The mobilization showed a uniform pattern, viz. a lag phase of 2--4 hours and maximal migration rates after 20--24 hours. The cumulated counts were 74 x 10(6) leucocytes/cm2/24 hours and 200 x 10(6) leucocytes/cm2/48 hours. Females and males exhibited the same kinetics and cumulated counts. Chamber leucocytes were predominantly neutrophil granulocytes (85--100%) with 2.9--3.6 nuclear segments. The chamber technique provides a simple method permitting quantitation of in vivo mobilization of leucocytes from the blood to an inflammatory lesion. PMID- 7008500 TI - The group A streptococcal receptor for human IgA binds IgA via the Fc-fragment. AB - Eight freshly isolated type M4 strains of group A streptococci were found to bind between 60 and 80% and 2.5 microgram radiolabelled IgA myeloma protein in a standard test system, while a reference type 4 strain bound only 20%. Commercial human IgG or IgG1 myeloma protein did not inhibit the binding of IgA by the reference type 4 strain or one of the freshly isolated type 4 strains, whereas inhibition was obtained by purified polyclonal IgA myeloma protein. Fc fragments of purified IgA1 myeloma protein, obtained by digestion with gonococcal protease, inhibited binding or radiolabelled IgA1, while the Fab fragments had no inhibitory effect. PMID- 7008502 TI - The effect of indomethacin on renal function. AB - The effect of indomethacin on the renal function has been surveyed by the literature and our experimental data. The primary purpose of the present paper is to discuss the various mechanisms of the prostaglandins which participate in the overall operation of the kidney. Prostaglandin has been proposed as a "natriuretic hormone" effecting the natriuresis observed with extracellular fluid volume expansion. Dogs and rabbits were volume expanded under Nembutal anaesthesia. The massive natriuresis associated with expansion ws significantly reduced in dogs by preloading injection of indomethacin (4 mg/kg) to depress prostaglandin synthesis. The indomethacin pretreatment considerably increased the diuretic and natriuretic effect of the volume expansion in the rabbit. The data are consistent with the concept that intrarenal prostaglandins play a role in adjustment of renal vascular resistance and support the concept of a physiological role of intrarenal PG-s in regulating salt and water excretion. PMID- 7008501 TI - Immunoglobulins and albumin in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis. A study of protein stability and presence of proteases. AB - Sputum sol phase from seventeen cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected in the lungs with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and presenting multiple precipitins in serum against this bacterium (CF + P) and 11 CF patients without P. aeruginosa infection (CF-P) were examined for proteolytic activity in a fibrin plate assay. The proteolytic activity was significantly higher (p smaller than 0.02) in sputum from CF + P patients than in sputum from CF-patients. This difference was only quantitative since sputum sol phase from both groups degraded fibrinogen to non-precipitable material. The proteolytic degradation of IgG, IgA, secretory IgA and albumin in the sputum sol phases was investigated by means of gel filtration and the stability of these proteins during various storage conditions was examined. Degradation of IgG, IgA, secretory IgA and albumin in the sputa was not demonstrable and the proteins were stable for at least 4 weeks at 4 degree C. PMID- 7008503 TI - Sperm nuclear chromatin decondensation ability. An in vitro study on ejaculated human spermatozoa. PMID- 7008504 TI - On the sympathetic innervation to the cat's liver and its role for hepatic glucose release. AB - Morphology and function of the adrenergic innervation of the liver were studied in cats. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a dense network of adrenergic nerve fibres in association with interlobular vessels and a sparse, but unequivocal innervation of the hepatocytes. These parenchymal adrenergic nerve fibres were more frequent in kittens (2 months old) than in adult cats. Electrical stimulation of the hepatic sympathetic nerves in the adult adrenalectomized cat evoked a small but insignificant increment (1-2 mM) of arterial plasma glucose concentration. When both hepatic and pancreatic sympathetic nerves were stimulated simultaneously, arterial plasma glucose concentration increased significantly by about 6 mM. We conclude that the pronounced hyperglycemic effect of activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the cat is mediated mainly via an adrenergic influence on the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas. The sympathetic innervation of the cat liver parenchyma seems to contribute to the hyperglycemia to a minor extent only. PMID- 7008507 TI - Determination of optimum doses of insulin by the application of artificial pancreas in the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 7008508 TI - 24-hour blood glucose profiles in insulin-dependent diabetics treated with intravenous insulin infusion systems. A comparison between closed- and open-loop systems. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the 24-hour blood glucose profiles of insulin-dependent diabetics during treatment with preprogramed insulin delivery systems with those of patients on treatment with the artificial beta cell (Biostator). Mean blood glucose (MGB) was 4.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/l for 15 controls, 5.8 +/- 1.0 for 53 patients on open-loop and 6.0 +/- 0.6 for 20 patients on closed loop treatment. MBG was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetic, but the difference between the two diabetic populations was not significant. Mean amplitude of blood glucose excursion was 1.8 +/- 0.6, 4.3 +/- 1.3 and 3.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l respectively, the difference between the diabetic groups being significant. No hypoglycemia was seen in patients during closed-loop treatment, whereas this was the case in 10 of 53 patients on treatment with open-loop systems. Physical exercise resulted in small but normal decreases in blood glucose without hypoglycemia. Plasma insulin was within the normal range during both regimes. It is concluded that blood glucose control during treatment with closed-loop system is superior to that during treatment with open-loop systems. However, under standard conditions i.v. insulin infusion with preprogramed pump devices resulted in blood glucose fluctuations comparable with those during Biostator treatment. PMID- 7008505 TI - Perceptual dependency, personality structure and organicity in the case of chronic alcoholics. A survey with Embedded Figures Test, Life As An Animal, the Benton, Grassi and Modified Word Learning Test. AB - To discover whether high scores in the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) akin to the Rod and Frame Test) with increased field dependency would predict organic decay in alcoholics, and whether field dependency/independence is reflected in projective material, 83 alcoholics were examined at the Tienen psychiatric clinic, 2/3 of them being aged between 25 and 45 years with a relatively short drinking history. The Benton, Grassi and Modified Word Learning Tests were used to measure possible organic decay, and correlated with Life as an Animal and the Embedded Figures Test to discover whether field dependency/independence expresses dependency/independence desire. In 77 % of cases, there is a drop in Grassi and Benton Scores when there is a drop in the EFT, proving that indeed field dependency is an indication of organicity, although verbal learnability remains undisturbed by a rise in the EFT. As EFT scores increases, so do dependency wishes, and there is a lack of strength to control one's situation as expressed in the Life as an Animal Test. The data also suggests that increased orality and dependence accompany organic deterioration. PMID- 7008506 TI - Renal function in lithium and non-lithium treated patients with affective disorders. AB - Renal function was examined in 101 patients maintained on sustained-release lithium carbonate for periods ranging from 1 to 12.5 years. A control group of patients with affective disorders who had never been given lithium was also investigated as well as a control group of normal subjects of comparable age and sex. Creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, maximum urine osmolality after DDAVP administration, urine and plasma beta 2-microglobulin and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were not significantly different between patients on lithium and depressed patients never on lithium. Side effects that have been related to lithium therapy were not correlated with duration of lithium therapy. It is concluded that there was little evidence of a serious renal functional impairment attributable to lithium therapy. PMID- 7008509 TI - Borderline hypertension. Hypertension seminars at Ostra Hospital, Goteberg, Sweden. AB - Borderline hypertension was the topic of one of the "Hypertension seminars" arranged by the Hypertension Section at the Ostra Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. On that occasion Professor Stevo Julius, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA, was an invited guest. During the seminar, various aspects of borderline hypertension were discussed, e.g. the natural history, hemodynamics and management of this condition. The present review is based on these discussions. PMID- 7008510 TI - New mechanism of plasmid curing by psychotropic drugs. AB - Methylene blue enhanced the plasmid curing efficiency of chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline with strains of Escherichia coli K12 carrying F prime lac or the resistance factor R-144. In contrast, methylene blue inhibited the elimination of plasmids by acridine orange and ethydium bromide at all concentrations tested. Two metabolic derivatives of chlorpromazine, chlorpromazine sulphoxide and 7.8-dioxochlorpromazine had no plasmid curing effect even in the presence of methylene blue. Amitriptyline, 7,8 dioxochlorpromazine and acridine orange were effective inhibitors of the conjugal transfer of the resistance plasmid, R-144, whilst methylene blue, chlorpromazine sulphoxide, and imipramine had only slight effects. We were therefore unable to demonstrate a simple correlation between curing ability and inhibition of plasmid transfer amongst the psychoactive drugs tested. A mechanism of plasmid curing by surface action of the drugs is suggested as an alternative to direct intercalation of the drugs into plasmid DNA. PMID- 7008511 TI - alpha-Haemolysin: an additive virulence factor in Escherichia coli. AB - Haemolytic Escherichia coli, including human intestinal and extraintestinal as well as porcine enterotoxigenic and oedema disease isolates, and Proteus morganii strains were studied for their virulence. Hly+ wild type strains and Hly+ transconjugants were more virulent than Hly- derivatives as shown in mice and chick embryos. This enhanced virulence seems to be connected with the ability of diffusible alpha-haemolysin production because clones producing only non diffusible, beta-haemolysin behaved as non-haemolytic ones. Haemorrhagic lung symptoms and haemoglobinuria were frequently observed after parenteral challenge of mice with alpha-haemolytic clones. Though the Hly- clone exhibited a high resistance against blood clearance, the number of circulating bacteria was significantly higher in the case of alpha-haemolytic clone. A causal connection between this phenomenon and the leukocidin activity of alpha-haemolysin is suggested. PMID- 7008512 TI - Rental projections in the adult Xenopus laevis: a study with cobalt filling technique. AB - Cobaltic-lysine complex was used to show retinal projections in adult Xenopus laevis. Retinal fibres partially decussate in the chiasma, and terminate on both sides in the nucleus ovoidalis, lateral geniculate complex, pretectal area, optic tectum, and in the basal optic nucleus. Cobalt filled fibres were found in the preoptic area, dorsal hypothalamic area, and in the periventricular region close to the wall of the third ventricle. PMID- 7008513 TI - Target point, target volume, "whole brain" stereotaxis: remarks on some present trends of evolution in stereotactic neurosurgery. PMID- 7008514 TI - Clinical and chronotopographic psychomotor seizure patterns (SEEG study with reference to postoperative results). AB - In 29 selected patients who underwent stereo-electroencephalographic exploration because of uncontrolled psychomotor epilepsy, 213 seizures were recorded. These seizures were analyzed in 10-second-intervals with respect to the sequence of clinical signs and the electrical chronotopographic patterns. By the aid of a computerized cluster analysis four comparatively distinct localization-patterns were found: a) opercular, b) frontobasal-cingular, c) temporobasal-limbic and d) posterior temporal neocortical. The lowest trend for propagation to the opposite hemisphere is found in a) followed by d). Fairly strong tendency for contralateral propagation is seen in c). Strategically important structures for contralateral propagation are: 1. amygdala and hippocampus, and to a lesser degree 2. the frontal cortex. Seizures propagating to the parietal cortex very often involve the frontal area of the same side before affecting the opposite hemisphere. For each of these "epileptic clusters" the characteristic clinical signs are pointed out. Special emphasis was put on the primictal symptom sequence. By this and a similar study with Bancaud et al. we show that significantly better postoperative results are found, when strategy for surgery was based on the evidence of several SEEG recorded spontaneous seizures. In some patients belonging to the "temporobasal-limbic" cluster stereotactic procedures proved successful. PMID- 7008515 TI - Surgical aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. Results and problems. AB - The Montreal Neurological Institute's experience with cortical resection for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy had grown to 1,102 patients as of the end of 1978, 932 in the non-tumoral category and 170 patients with tumors, including a few major vascular malformations. Follow-up data, (complete to date or to the patients' death in over 80% of the patients) shows that 70% of those with 2 or more years of adequate follow-up data (median period 11 years) have experienced a complete or nearly complete reduction of the seizure tendency. Since the attack pattern frequently does not give evidence as to the lateralization of the epileptogenic area, special EEG techniques are often required to select those patients apt to benefit from temporal lobectomy. Sphenoidal recordings with chronically implanted fine wire electrodes have been particularly useful. Telemetry has enhanced the capability of recording a large number of epileptic spikes during sleep and various daytime activities and of recording spontaneous attacks. An automatic spike detection gadget gives promise of major help in analyzing these lengthy records. The addition of a video tape system, correlated with the EEG telemetry system, aids in determining the side of origin of the seizures. A small number of patients in whom this could not be determined with these various EEG techniques, were studied with stereotactically implanted chronic depth electrodes employing a modification of the Talairach Bancaud technique. Over 3/4 of these patients were shown to have the onset of their seizures to be sufficiently well lateralized to warrant temporal lobectomy. PMID- 7008517 TI - Stereotactic lesions in primary epilepsy of the limbic system. AB - Chronic depth electrodes have proven useful in diagnosing primary epilepsy of the limbic system. Five patients had small lesions in the amygdala and hippocampus. There was a 50% reduction of the seizures frequency. No complication were observed and patients were ambulant the day following surgery. It is felt that stereotactic lesions larger than produced by the leucotome used should be performed provided we have proofs that the epileptogenic focus is in a restricted area. Stereotactic lesions may also have a role in interrupting pathways clearly proven as participating in the epileptic discharge. Only under these conditions, will it be possible to say that stereotactic lesions are effective in specific type of epilepsy. PMID- 7008516 TI - Late results of stereotactic radiofrequency lesions in epilepsy. AB - Thirty-five patients with partial complex seizures and two patients with generalized epilepsy were treated by stereotactic radiofrequency lesions. Follow up from 2 to 13 years was available in 30 patients. The stereotactic targets in patients with partial complex seizures were: a) Amygdala; b) Ammon's horns; c) parahippocampal gyrus; d) Fornix. Depending on scalp EEG and depth electrode studies, each patient had one or more target coagulated, unilaterally or bilaterally. In the 2 cases of generalized epilepsy, bilateral Forel field lesions were performed. Late surgical results are discussed in relation to the depth EEG studies and the number and site of stereotactic lesions. PMID- 7008518 TI - Memory and learning in epileptic patients treated by amygdalotomy and anterior hippocampotomy. AB - The memory and learning capacity in patients treated for temporal epilepsy was studied. The study was performed in 55 patients, observed before and after stereotaxic amygdalotomy and hippocampotomy. Very often disturbances in memory and learning capability were present before surgery. After surgery their learning efficiency increased. Disturbances in memory tracing, as provoked by distraction, remained at the same level after neurosurgery. No decrease in general intelligence was noted. PMID- 7008519 TI - Central stimulation treatment of epilepsy. AB - Therapeutic electrical stimulation of nucleus caudatus was performed in 26 patients suffering from epilepsy. Sixteen of them had previously undergone destructive stereotactic surgery in different deep brain structures and the stimulation was indicated as an additional procedure. The results reported are related to 10 patients stimulated without any other surgical treatment. In 3 subjects stimulation of temporal lobe structures was performed as well. Good therapeutic effects were obtained in 2 cases following caudate stimulation. Mild improvement or no effect were obtained in the other cases, including the two submitted to hippocampal stimulation. Interesting speculation on the relationships between caudate and hippocampal electrical activity have been generated. PMID- 7008520 TI - Deep brain stimulation in mesencephalic lemniscus medialis for chronic pain. AB - Stereotactic deep brain stimulation (DBS) with chronically implanted special devices intermittently activated by the patient himself has led to a new concept in the treatment of chronic central pain, such as the thalamic pain syndrome, herpes-zoster neuralgia, anaesthesia dolorosa, radicular and plexus lacerations, stump pain with and without causalgia and cancer pain. Our results in 32 cases (March 31, 1979) with lemniscus medialis stimulation, including the specific and nonspecific somatosensory nuclei or periaqueductal gray matter show in 53% of our cases, a reduction of pain of over 50%. The follow-up period was 47 months. These results are better than those obtained from stimulating only one of the systems. Mesencephalic lemniscus medialis DBS, introduced by one of the authors (Mundinger), leads to a functional blockade of spinothalamic, lemniscus medialis and spino-reticular systems. In cases where a positive morphine test had been done previously, endorphin secretion also plays a role. It is assumed that the effect of endorphin production lasts longer than the stimulation itself, especially in periaqueductal mesencephalic gray matter and medial pulvinar stimulation. PMID- 7008521 TI - Surgery of epilepsy based on stereotactic investigations--the plan of the SEEG investigation. PMID- 7008522 TI - A study on the tridimensional distribution of somatosensory evoked responses in human thalamus to aid the placement of stimulating electrodes for treatment of pain. PMID- 7008523 TI - Deep brain stimulation for severe, chronic pain. AB - Deep brain electrodes placed in the parafascicularis-centre-median area (pf-CM) can reliably relieve severe chronic pain of long duration by simple electrical stimulation, in selected cases. Twenty-eight patients are presented here who had one or more electrodes placed for periods ranging from a few days to several months. Overall results rated good-to-excellent (having 50% or more relief of the prestimulation pain) were seen in 76% of the cases. Intraoperative test stimulation has been very useful in predicting future effectiveness. Also presented are a new disposable ventricular catheter and a burr hole plug and cap for anchoring the electrode wires in the skull. PMID- 7008524 TI - Stereotactic approach to therapeutic stimulation of cerebellum for spasticity. AB - A Stereotactic approach for transtentorial implantation of deep wire electrodes directly into the anterior lobe of cerebellum has been shown as a beneficial method for the treatment of cerebral palsy in 9 patients. Proper placement of the electrodes especially into the central lobule were checked by evoked potentials and by choosing an optimal program of therapeutic stimulation which appears to be essential. With its favourable effect particularly on axial musculature stimulation seems to promote physiologic maturation of functional mechanisms in the brain, which were delayed in the course of development. PMID- 7008525 TI - Application of stereotactic concepts to the surgery of epilepsy. AB - For the authors, the essential feature of stereotaxis is the three-dimensional representation of the entire brain, including the central gray nuclei as well as the cerebral cortex. Stereotactic neurosurgery, which in this conception might be called "global", associates data from indirect localization (basic reference lines, proportional grid) to direct individual localization (performed by bidirectional, orthogonal teleradiography, with stereoscopy). The obtained high precision radiographic documents allow to establish the three coordinates (X, Y, Z). This method, also used in localization of tumours and interstitial irradiation of tumours, led to the definition of a special methodology for epilepsy surgery (threefold correlation of the clinical seizure patterns, electrical anomalies and the concerned anatomical structures). The stereotactic implantation of several acute and chronic electrodes (stereo-EEG) gives a 3 dimensional definition of the epileptogenic area and of its propagation pathways. These data, as well as the individual anatomy of the patient's brain are represented by the neurosurgeon on a surgical diagram. The transfer of these data to the surgical field is facilitated by the accuracy of the diagram. A double postoperative control is made (photographs--teleangiography). The described methodology increases the precision of open surgery. It is also used to localize and to remove "incipient" lesions evidenced by the CT scan (accurate anatomical localization--vascularization). In the opinion of the authors, the use of a common stereotactic geometry applied to the collection of paraclinical data will lead in the future to an increased precision of surgery and hence, to a better respect of the brain and of its function. PMID- 7008526 TI - Stereotaxic aspects of percutaneous trigeminal gangliolysis. PMID- 7008527 TI - First results wih extralemniscal myelotomy. PMID- 7008528 TI - Stereotactic lesions studied by computer tomography. PMID- 7008529 TI - Long term effects of stereotaxic thalamotomy on parameters of cognitive functioning. PMID- 7008530 TI - Stereotaxic clipping of arterial and arteriovenous aneurysms of the brain. AB - A new method of stereotaxic clipping of arterial and AV aneurysms has been developed. The surgical technique and the special clipping device are briefly described. Successful results have been obtained in 30 clipping operations performed on 27 patients with arterial or AV aneurysms at different locations with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 6 years. There was one fatal outcome not directly related to the clipping operation. PMID- 7008532 TI - Long term results of cortical excisions based on stereotactic investigations in severe, drug resistant epilepsies. PMID- 7008533 TI - Surgical interruption of the conduction pathways for the control of intractable epilepsy. PMID- 7008531 TI - Combined approach (stereotactic-microsurgical) to a paraventricular arteriovenous malformation. Case report. AB - The authors present one case of a 42 years old male patient who had a small right paraventricular arteriovenous malformation. At operation the patient was placed in the Talairach's stereotactic frame and, after performing a right carotid angiogram to locate the lesion exactly, a flexible cannula was inserted stereotactically, through a previous trephine hole, until the tip reached the AVM. Using a microsurgical technique and through a 1-2 cm corticotomy the cannula pathway was followed easily reaching the AVM. Total removal of the AVM was confirmed by a carotid angiogram, the patient was discharged without symptoms 7 days later. The authors propose that due to the special design of the Talairach's stereotactic frame, its application as a locating system for small and deep AVM's would greatly facilitate their removal using microsurgical techniques. PMID- 7008534 TI - Neurophysiological remarks: stereotaxy of epilepsy. AB - Certain points in the different reports relating to the stereotaxy of epilepsy are discussed. The accent is first put on the current superiority of the techniques of stereotaxy used in Man with respect to those currently used in the animal, and especially the Monkey. In order to appreciate the nature of an epileptogenic lesion in Man, it is then discussed what information one can expect to obtain, given the present state of the techniques, from the data furnished by the positron camera as well as by the enzymatic dosages made on micro samples made in vivo by stereotaxic means. Based on different examples, the limits of the extrapolation to Man of the different experimental models of epilepsy are considered: particular attention is given to the data furnished by the kindling phenomenon an by status epilepticus obtained by intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid. These models allow us to appreciate the differences in symptomatology characterizing epilepsy of amygdaloid origin according to the species. They incite us to be careful in transposing to Man the data found in the animal, if one does not consider the process at the origin of the epileptic discharge on the one hand, and of the species studied on the other. PMID- 7008535 TI - Burr-hole electrocorticography. AB - In 17 epileptic patients, most of them with seizures of partial type but with diffuse or focal alternating abnormalities in the electroencephalographic recordings, chronic implantation of subarachnoid electrodes was performed. Through two bicoronal burr-holes and under fluoroscopic control, 13 to 19 insulated monopolar flexible electrodes were introduced in the subarachnoid space, conducting them either to standardized cortical targets, or concentrating them in that area of interest showed by conventional EEG. The electrodes were placed bilaterally and symmetrically, and remained implanted for 10 days. During this period, the activity of multiple foci, the reciprocal dependence between them, its reaction to cortical electric stimulation, barbiturate administration and sleep, were studied. No morbidity was found. Because of the simplicity and safety of this technique, it appears to be a good diagnostic method placed between conventional EEG and stereoelectroencephalography. PMID- 7008536 TI - [Double-blind cross-over clinical study of a new psychopharmaceutic agent: thiadipone (QM-6008), diazepam and a placebo]. PMID- 7008537 TI - [Cutaneous pan-nasal flap]. PMID- 7008538 TI - [Renal transplantation. Surgical technic of mono-block nephrectomy in a cadaver]. PMID- 7008539 TI - [Strategies for the correction of canal treatments]. PMID- 7008540 TI - [Endodontic preparation and root canal anchoring]. PMID- 7008541 TI - [Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (adenoameloblastoma). A case report]. PMID- 7008542 TI - Tumor promoters and the mechanism of tumor promotion. PMID- 7008543 TI - Shedding from the cell surface of normal and cancer cells. PMID- 7008545 TI - Surgical treatment of ascites. PMID- 7008544 TI - Metabolic surgery for obesity. PMID- 7008546 TI - Surgical immunology: identification of immune elements and opportunities for intervention. PMID- 7008547 TI - Melanoma. PMID- 7008548 TI - The acute abdomen. PMID- 7008549 TI - Surgery for bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 7008550 TI - Systemic alterations in metal metabolism during inflammation as part of an integrated response to inflammation. PMID- 7008552 TI - Possible role of a copper complex in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that rheumatoid arthritis may be due to a deficiency in joint fluid of an inhibitor of protein denaturation. This inhibitor may be a histidine-cystine-copper complex. A deficiency of this inhibitor may permit the nonimmunological alteration of joint fluid IgG to a pseudoimmune complex which could initiate the inflammation and immunological abnormalities of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7008551 TI - The dynamics and possible roles of metal complexes in inflammation. PMID- 7008553 TI - Caeruloplasmin: acute-phase antioxidant. PMID- 7008554 TI - Copper levels in inflammatory conditions. PMID- 7008555 TI - Metal ion therapy: some fundamental considerations. PMID- 7008556 TI - Development of copper complexes for potential therapeutic use. PMID- 7008557 TI - Dermal copper drugs: the copper bracelet and cu(II) salicylate complexes. AB - A review is presented of both published work and unpublished observations concerned with: a) the 'efficacy' of copper bracelets for arthritis; b) the bio reactivity of metallic copper (especially with human sweat); c) permeation of the skin by Cu(II) when complexed with certain ligands (such as salicylates); d) the pharmacological and clinical activity of AlcusalR and DermcusalR, two formulations of copper salicylate with ethanol and dimethyl sulphoxide respectively that can be applied to the skin. Topical application promises to be a superior alternative to orally ingested drugs. PMID- 7008558 TI - Molecular mechanisms of zinc action on cells. AB - We have postulated that the sickle erythrocyte becomes membrane damaged at least partly due to excessive accumulation of calcium and then to excessive calmodulin activation (42). We have found that zinc therapy in sickle cell anemia improves the membrane status of the sickle cells (53). We have some evidence that zinc is an inhibitor of calmodulin functions, and postulate that zinc's beneficial membrane effect in sickle cell anemia is due to its calmodulin inhibitory properties (42). This reasoning opens the therapeutic door to other calmodulin inhibitors, such as the phenothiazines, which coincidentally, had already been shown to have antisickling properties years ago (59). The phenothiazines "expand" the red cell membrane, a property shown by Seeman (60) to be shared with a wide variety of drugs. If membrane expansion is due to calmodulin inhibition as we believe (42), then all of the membrane expanding drugs share the potential for antisickling properties. These ideas, if correct, rationalize under one mechanism, the reported antisickling properties of a diverse group of drugs, including zinc, procaine, the phenothiazines and most recently, ceteidil. If these possible new insights into the mechanism of antisickling membrane therapy, namely CAC inhibition in sickle cells, lead to a rational and successful approach to therapy in sickle cell anemia, it will be because of the precedent provided by understanding the action of zinc. PMID- 7008559 TI - cis-Platinum(II) amines: toxicities and immunosuppressant/anti-arthritic activities. PMID- 7008560 TI - Modulation of immune responses of gold salts. PMID- 7008561 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gold in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7008562 TI - Effects of metal ions on lysosomes. PMID- 7008563 TI - [Multiple retained teeth - apropos of a case]. PMID- 7008564 TI - [Enlargement ileocecocystoplasty in a renal transplant recipient]. PMID- 7008565 TI - Aortic dissection: anatomy, consequences, and causes. PMID- 7008566 TI - Update on the role of cigarette smoking in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7008567 TI - Edvard Munch. PMID- 7008569 TI - The Laennec bicentennial. PMID- 7008568 TI - Extra-adrenergic mechanisms responsible for the effects of glucose-insulin potassium solution on vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. AB - In 53 chloralose-anesthetized dogs, the actions of glucose (10 mg/kg per min), insulin (0.025 U/kg per min) and potassium (0.025 mEq/kg per min) on the ventricular fibrillation and repetitive extrasystole thresholds were examined. Measurements were initially made in the control state and then repeated at 30, 60 and 120 minutes of infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium solution at a constant rate of 1.23 ml/min. The dogs received on the average 36 g of glucose, 44 U of insulin and 44 mEq of potassium over a 2 hour period. In the nonischemic myocardium, the infusion raised the threshold for ventricular fibrillation and repetitive extrasystole to a peak of 94 and 61 percent, respectively, without significantly changing serum potassium or circulating catecholamine concentration. In the ischemic myocardium, the incidence of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during 10 minutes of coronary occlusion was reduced from 83 percent in the control state to 17 percent with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion. However, the infusion did not alter the incidence of ventricular fibrillation associated with reperfusion. Because cardio-cardiac sympathetic reflexes are elicited in response to coronary occlusion, the effect of glucose insulin-potassium infusion on ventricular vulnerability during left stellate ganglion stimulation and norepinephrine infusion was investigated. The infusion completely prevented the reduction in the vulnerable period threshold during stellate stimulation and norepinephrine infusion. Furthermore, the peak protection afforded by the infusion was greater than that achieved with beta adrenergic blockade and was still present in catecholamine-depleted hearts. It is concluded that infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium solution protects against ventricular fibrillation in the normal and ischemic canine heart but not during reperfusion. This protection may be due in part to antagonism of adrenergic activity; however, the primary influence of the solution is mediated by extra adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7008570 TI - Contractile mechanics and interaction of the right and left ventricles. AB - The heart and lungs, together with hemoglobin, provide for the transport of oxygen from the atmosphere to the metabolizing tissue. The oxygenation of blood and the circulation of oxygenated blood are precisely synchronized so that the heart and lungs constitute an integrated cardiopulmonary unit. The functional integration of the heart and lungs is fostered by their anatomic arrangement and mechanical interaction. The cardiopulmonary unit consists of the right and left ventricles (two in-series pumps composed of cardiac muscle), which are mechanically coupled by the lungs. The factors that control cardiac muscle shortening (fiber length, afterload and myocardial contractile state) also regulate the pumping behavior of each ventricle. Because the ventricles are aligned in series a perturbation in the mechanical events of one ventricle will influence the behavior of the other ventricle. The interventricular septum and pericardium further promote the mechanical interplay between ventricles. Intrathoracic pressure (the pressure that surrounds the cardiopulmonary unit) creates an additional interaction between the ventricles as well as the heart and lungs. PMID- 7008571 TI - Control of cardiac output by systemic vessels. Circulatory adjustments to acute and chronic respiratory failure and the effect of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7008572 TI - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: the last 20 years. PMID- 7008573 TI - Task Force 1: The physician and children (pediatric and adolescent practice and the school). PMID- 7008574 TI - Task Force 3: The physician in the work setting (industrial/occupational medicine). PMID- 7008575 TI - Detection of streptococcal antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Rapid detection systems for identifying antibody or bacterial antigen have been used for two to three years. The analysis for the presence of bacterial antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis has been used in the detection of neonatal and pediatric infections. In the present report, the previous data concerning the detection of group B streptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid, sera, and urine of infected newborns was reinforced. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was also established as a method for detecting group B streptococcal antigen in amniotic fluid and group D streptococcal antigen in body fluids, and for verifying group A streptococcal antigen from 24-hour culture plates. This is a further extension of the use by the clinical laboratory of counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the detection of bacterial antigen. PMID- 7008576 TI - Inability of the API-20E system to speciate the fluorescent group of pseudomonads. AB - One thousand randomly selected clinical isolates of the fluorescent group of Pseudomonas were speciated in parallel by the API-20E system and by a classic microbiologic 17-test battery. The classic battery identified the isolates as 993 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, five Pseudomonas putida, and two Pseudomonas fluorescens. To augment the P. putida and P. fluorescens data, 52 reference isolates were also tested in parallel. API-20E was found to identify 99% of P. aeruginosa as P. aeruginosa. However, the 59 P. putida and P. fluorescens isolates were not accurately identified and were designated 58% P. aeruginosa, 24% P. stutzeri, 16% ambiguous categories, and only 2% in agreement with the classic designation. These findings indicated that the API-20E system does not accurately identify the non-P. aeruginosa fluorescent pseudomonads and that errors in P. aeruginosa designations will increase as the percentages of P. putida and P. fluorescens increase in the population sample. PMID- 7008577 TI - Cryptococcal prostatitis. AB - A case of granulomatous prostatitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans is reported. The patient, who had a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic active hepatitis, had symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy. Tissue obtained from surgery showed granulomatous prostatitis, and a cryptococcal organism was identified by special stains. Postoperative cultures grew Cryptococcus neoformans, and the patient was treated successfully with surgery and a short course of amphotericin B. After nine months of follow-up, there is no evidence of systemic infection. PMID- 7008578 TI - The Robert C. Horn, Jr., symposium on the contributions of surgical pathology to health care. Introductory remarks. PMID- 7008580 TI - The surgical pathologist as a diagnostician and consultant. AB - The primary role of the surgical pathologist is to diagnose, and then to transmit this information effectively so that it can be used to guide patient management; therefore, the dual roles of the surgical pathologist as a diagnostician and consultant are inextricable. The diagnostic pathologist determines the nature, extent, and rate of disease processes as well as response to therapy or the effects of medication, on the basis of morphologic observations. This presentation reviews some historic aspects of the evolution of surgical pathology, and its projected status in the medical community. The paradoxical (mis)concept of the pathologist with his microscope and slide, in vacuo, devoid of pertinent clinical data, as a pristine expression of objectivity is discusses and compared with the real world in which veracity is a proper surrogate for blind objectivity. The molding of the scientific method with the art of clinical practice by the pathologist is also considered. PMID- 7008579 TI - An introduction to the history of surgical pathology. AB - Development of surgical pathology is documented, chiefly by reference to key publications in the field, beginning with the seventeenth century. Also included is a brief historical review of technical developments basic to progress in surgical pathology. PMID- 7008581 TI - The surgical pathologist as researcher. AB - Most surgical pathologists have the opportunity to perform research. Research in surgical pathology can be classified as: (1) observational; (2) manipulative with human tissues; (3) experimental with nonhuman models; and (4) technical, instructional, and delivery. Examples of each of these forms of research are presented, as are comments on the academic stature and funding problems of research in surgical pathology. PMID- 7008582 TI - Automated image analysis in clinical pathology. AB - The applications of automated cell image analyses are primarily in cytopathology, hematology, and cellular immunology. This paper presents data evaluation technics and statistical methods for automated cell analysis. PMID- 7008583 TI - A half century of neonatal sepsis at Yale: 1928 to 1978. AB - Changes in the pattern of neonatal bacterial infection in a 50-year period at one institution are documented, as well as the striking decrease in mortality during this period. PMID- 7008584 TI - Genetic analysis of the Stanford LRC family study data. I. Structured exploratory data analysis of height and weight measurements. AB - A new methodology for determining mode for inheritance of continuously distributed traits in nuclear families, structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA), is described and applied to height and weight measurements. The family data were collected as part of the Lipid Research Clinic's collaborative study (LRC) and consists of first degree relatives of Stanford University employees who were selected either as a 2% random sample or were identified through a high lipid value. The variables are all standardized using three methods of age and sex adjustment based on two reference populations. The analysis and interpretations are based on the following statistics and indices: 1) the major gene index (MGI (alpha); 2) two measures of correlations between the midparental value and offspring (MPCC); and 3) the offspring between parent functions (OBP (beta). Consistent with a number of other studies, the results support that height shows multifactorial inheritance while height is principally under the influence of non-genetic environmental factors. In contrast to the random families, the male children of the probands who were selected due to their high lipid values exhibit height measurements which appear to involve environmental components or some major gene concomitants. The difference between the random and high lipid families is supported by all three statistical methods. PMID- 7008586 TI - Sickle cell anemia as a rheologic disease. AB - Sickle cell anemia represents an aberration of blood rheology due to a loss of normal red cell deformability. The characteristically low hematocrit compensates for the stiffness of the sickle cells, leaving the patient with approximately normal whole blood viscosity. However, the microvascular flow of sickle cell blood is constantly jeopardized by hemoglobin gellation due to hypoxemia. The cells containing the highest concentration of hemoglobin S are the most viscous and are at the greatest risk for abrupt sickling. Successful treatment of this disease will require interruption of the basic pathogenetic mechanisms and preservation of normal blood rheology. PMID- 7008585 TI - Laennec and the discovery of mediate auscultation. AB - The invention of the stethoscope by Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec occurred within an emerging French tradition of bedside empiricism that combined physical diagnosis with autopsy correlation. On the occasion of the bicentennial of the birth of the discoverer of mediate auscultation, we celebrate the life and work of one of the founders of modern medicine. PMID- 7008587 TI - Hematologic alterations in diabetes mellitus. AB - Several hematologic abnormalities have been defined in patients with diabetes mellitus, despite the lack of classic hematologic pathologic findings in this condition. Studies of the erythrocyte and the formation of hemoglobin A1c have provided a means of documenting glycemia and a model reaction for diabetic sequelae through postsynthetic protein modification. Oxygen affinity has been noted to be abnormal in the diabetic erythrocyte, concomitant with a decreased concentration of inorganic phosphorus, glycosylation of the 2,3 diphosphoglycerate binding site or preexisting vascular disease. Red cell membrane viscosity has also been documented to be increased in the hyperglycemic subject. Abnormalities in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte have been described, involving the properties of adherence, random migration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing. Certain metabolic abnormalities are also present in this cell type. The lymphocyte has been shown to have abnormal metabolic properties, mitogen responses and cell surface properties in diabetes both in animals and human subjects. Certain subpopulations of lymphocytes appear to be especially vulnerable to changes concomitant with diabetes mellitus. In vitro abnormalities of platelet behavior have been widely studied, although the in vivo significance of these findings remains controversial. Studies of the fluid phase of coagulation have suggested the existence of a hypercoagulable state in hyperglycemic subjects. The clinical significance of most of these findings remains to be defined. Nevertheless, the observation that many of the abnormalities described are reversible when hyperglycemia is corrected has given impetus to the development of improved systems of glucose "control" for diabetic patients. PMID- 7008588 TI - Nosocomial infections in the immunocompromised adult. AB - It is universally accepted that the immunocompromised host is more susceptible to nosocomial infection than the normal host. Descriptive clinical or epidemiologic studies that utilize the "organism oriented" approach are now abundant. Generalizations about risk factors are difficult to make, however, because of the wide range of host defects that are usually compounded by therapeutic intervention. Comparative data are lacking on whether certain procedures or treatments are associated with a higher incidence of infection in immunocompromised hosts versus normal hosts. Aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients are usually advocated, but there have been few prospective studies of their effectiveness and the possible increased hazard of nosocomial infection. The paramount questions that must be addressed are, "What infections are preventable and how?" Two derivative issues relate to (1) the cost to benefit aspects of preventive measures, and (2) the impact of such measures on survival from underlying disease. Rigorously controlled studies of specific preventative measures are clearly required because the appearance of improvement may be related to concurrent improvements in the treatment of underlying disease or its complications. The ultimate value of infection control programs in immunocompromised patients with depend on the demonstration that intervention not only reduces infection rates but also has a favorable impact on the treatment of the underlying disease. PMID- 7008589 TI - Bacterial colonization and infection in the neonate. AB - The vast majority of healthy term neonates tolerate their abrupt introduction to the bacterial world with little risk of infection. However, infants who require a longer hospital stay are at greater risk of having an infection, particularly when intensive care is needed. In one study, 15.3 percent of the infants in an intensive care unit acquired a nosocomial infection. Gram-negative bacilli have emerged as the principle cause of nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection due to gram-negative bacilli usually occurs in neonates already colonized with gram negative bacilli in the pharynx or intestine, and the risk of colonization with hospital strains of gram-negative bacilli (which are often resistant to multiple antibiotics) increases dramatically the longer a baby stays in intensive care. The factors which predispose individual neonates to colonization and infection with gram-negative bacilli require further study, but gram-negative bacilli are most often transmitted among neonates on the hands of personnel. Neonates in whom intestinal colonization with gram-negative bacilli develops are a particularly important reservoir of gram-negative bacilli in the nursery; once colonized, infants may harbour antibiotic-resistant hospital strains of gram-negative bacilli in their stool for more than a year. Pharyngeal colonization with alpha streptococci appears to protect neonates from pharyngeal colonization with gram negative bacilli, and bacterial interference may play an important role in regulating intestinal colonization as well. Investigation of the mechanisms of bacterial interference may lead to better understanding of the colonization process and development of alternatives to classic infection control methods. PMID- 7008590 TI - Bacteria newly recognized as nosocomial pathogens. AB - Bacteria recently recognized as nosocomial pathogens generally fall into three categories: those that grow slowly, those that are fastidious in their nutritional or atmospheric requirements and those that resemble commensals. Each characteristic has contributed to the delay in perceiving their importance. Mycobacterium chelonei and Myco. fortuitum--which grow slowly, although characterized as "rapid-growing" mycobacteria--cause sternal osteomyelitis, pericarditis and endocarditis after cardiac surgery as well as other wound infections after many types of surgery. Myco. chelonei-like organisms have been found to cause "sterile" peritonitis in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. Legionella pneumophila and L. micdadei are fastidious bacteria that were more difficult to detect because they stain poorly with the Gram method. They cause pneumonia and lung abscess, especially in immunocompromised people. Clostridium difficile is an anaerobe that causes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous colitis in persons given antibiotics that inhibit competing gut bacteria. Chylamydia trachomatis, an intracellular organism that has not been grown in vitro, causes pneumonia and conjunctivitis in young infants who acquire the organism from their mothers at birth. Group JK bacteria cause septicemia in patients whose immune responses have been suppressed and must be distinguished from "diphtheroid" contaminants in blood cultures. Clinicians, microbiologists and epidemiologists must be alert to the characteristics of these organisms that make them easily overlooked and should also anticipate the existence of other bacteria not yet identified. PMID- 7008591 TI - Evolution of antimicrobial resistance and nosocomial infection. Lessons from the Vanderbilt experience. AB - The development of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria has had profound effects of the clinical use of antibiotics, especially in hospital-acquired infections. In 1973, a large outbreak of nosocomial infections due to Serratia marcescens began at the Vanderbilt University medical complex, a major characteristic of which was high-level resistance to gentamicin and carbenicillin. Investigation of the outbreak and subsequent in vitro studies have shown that the evolution and epidemiology of this high-level resistance operated at three levels of organizations: (1) dissemination of individual strains, (2) dissemination of a plasmid among different strains and (3) movement of a discrete genetic element, or transposon, between plasmids. The investigations of this outbreak and other studies reviewed support the concept that resistant strains can evoke as a result of R-plasmid exchange within the hospital environment, providing an opportunity for control of this exchange can be interrupted. PMID- 7008593 TI - Topics in microbiology, 1979 #5. PMID- 7008592 TI - Immunization against nosocomial infection. AB - Overwhelming infection with gram-negative bacteremia has become the most serious nosocomial infection in compromised patients. Because gram-negative bacteria share a common core lipopolysaccharide, we tried to develop a single vaccine or antiserum that might control these infections regardless of species. We used a mutant of Escherichia coli 0111 (J5) deficient in uridine diphosphate-galactose (UDP-GAL) epimerase and thus unable to attach "0" side chains, so that core lipopolysaccharide was exposed. A vaccine composed of this mutant produced antibody that gave broad protection against lethal infections by different gram negative bacteria in immunosuppressed animals. The J5 vaccine protected against 98 percent lethal doses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and J5 antiserum improved survival tenfold in animals dying of Esch. coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas bacteremia. The protection with vaccine or prophylactic antiserum was undiminished in animals challenged six weeks after immunization. Encouraged by these results, we conducted a double-blind trial in patients with gram-negative bacteremia. In those given J5 antiserum, the mortality rate was cut in half and survival from deep shock increased from 28 percent to 82 percent. Because of these preliminary results in 136 patients, the study has been extended to 300 patients and the double blind code will be examined again to see if the early favorable results are confirmed and extended. PMID- 7008594 TI - Bromcresol green dextrose broth for the presumptive identification of group B streptococci. AB - A 1 percent dextrose broth using bromcresol green as a pH indicator is described for the presumptive identification of group B streptococci. The results in the medium are read after 24 hr incubation at 36C as a color change. This medium was tested using 550 strains of streptococci belonging to groups A, B, C, D, and G. All of the group A strains were negative whereas all of the group B and Group D strains were positive. Thus, by using bacitracin susceptibility, esculin hydrolysis, and BCG dextrose broth, the presumptive identification of the frequently encountered streptococci can be accomplished. PMID- 7008596 TI - Renal transplantation. PMID- 7008595 TI - Neural tube malformations: complex segregation analysis and recurrence risk. AB - A sample of 223 families with at least one child with anencephaly and/or spina bifida was ascertained in Southern Poland, where the incidence of neural tube malformations is 0.92/1,000. The recurrence risk in proband's sibs was 3.4%. The calculated heritability (h2) was 76%, implying a substantial contribution of genetic factors to the cause of neural tube defects. Complex segregation analysis was applied in an attempt to discriminate between the hypothesis of a single locus and that of quasi-continuity under multifactorial inheritance. The results excluded the hypothesis of dominant inheritance with full penetrance. The hypothesis of the two-allele model (at a single locus) fit the data with the same degree of exactness; however, for all hypotheses the estimated penetrance was low, and the phenocopy frequency was high. Less accurate conformity was observed for the multifactorial hypothesis. In view of very low penetrance and high frequency of phenocopies in single locus hypotheses and the finding that empirical data gave better support to the multifactorial model, the differences in chi 2 values should not be viewed as sufficient to discriminate between single locus and multifactorial models. The recurrence risks, assessed in the complex segregation analysis, showed an increase together with the growing number (r) of affected children. For constant r the recurrence risks decreased in successive pregnancies. Although discrimination between the mendelian and multifactorial inheritance models was incomplete, the risk values obtained can be employed in genetic counseling. PMID- 7008597 TI - Host defenses in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. I. Bacterial clearance in the murine uterus and oviduct. AB - Bacterial clearance in the uterine horn and oviduct as a host defense in acute pelvic inflammatory disease was studied in 8- to 12-week-old virgin Balb/c mice. Quantitative cultures of organ homogenates were determined at various intervals following intrauterine injection of a standard inoculum of E. coli by micropuncture technique. The effect of uterine horn ligation and of estrus cycle of inoculated mice was evaluated also. Mean bacterial counts in the uterine horn were significantly higher than in the contiguous oviduct (p less than 0.005), suggesting a barrier function of the uterotubal junction for bacterial passage into the oviduct. Our data suggest a protective role for the uterotubal junction, and demonstrate the influence of uterine obstruction and estrus cycle on bacterial clearance of the oviduct. PMID- 7008598 TI - Problems and proposals for the surveillance and control of sexually transmitted diseases associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in South America. AB - In South America, the number of women at risk for gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease has increased greatly along with the incidence rates for gonorrhea. Further information is needed on the epidemiologic aspects of gonorrhea and PID in order to develop programs for optimal control of sexually transmitted disease (STD). We think that the control of STD, including PID, requires improvement of four basic factors: professional training in STD, management of STD by all levels of health care services, laboratory diagnostic services, and public education in STD. PMID- 7008599 TI - Problems and approaches in the surveillance and control of sexually transmitted agents associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in Africa. AB - The problems in surveillance of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in Africa are numerous and are based mainly on socioeconomic barriers. Policies for controlling STD are either inadequate or nonexistent in many African countries. Gonococci are becoming increasingly insusceptible to penicillin and other drugs because of widespread use of inadequate therapy. Gonorrhea is recognized as the major pathogen of pelvic inflammatory disease in Africa. The magnitude of the PID problem is so great that current efforts are directed at case treatment rather than surveillance and control. The formation of the African Union Against Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses is an important step, and its suggestions and resolutions form a sound basis for improved STD control in Africa. PMID- 7008600 TI - Microbiologic techniques for the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease in developing countries. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major medical problem that causes serious complications in a large number of the female population in many developing countries. It is estimated that between 20% and 30% of gynecologic admissions in these countries are due to PID. The alarmingly high prevalence of gonorrhea is probably a major cause of this syndrome. Diagnosis of PID on clinical grounds without laboratory verification is the rule. The various techniques for diagnosing PID are discussed briefly. Primarily because of very small health budgets, the limitations faced by developing nations in the accurate diagnosis of PID are (1) a lack of adequately trained personnel, (2) inadequate clinic facilities, (3) low accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and (4) ill-equipped and understaffed laboratory services. Suggestions are offered for improvement of the present unsatisfactory situation. PMID- 7008601 TI - Economic consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common serious complication of sexually transmitted infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Initial episodes of sexually transmitted acute PID occur most frequently in the 20 to 24 year age group, while sequelae such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic PID are most common among 25- to 34-year-old women. The apparent chronicity of the disease process suggests that the epidemic of sexually transmitted disease, which began in the mid-1960s, could be followed by an epidemic of PID and its sequelae. More than 850,000 episodes of PID occur annually, requiring more than 212,000 hospital admissions, 115,000 surgical procedures, and 2,500,000 physician visits. Ectopic pregnancies in the United States tripled from 1967 to 1977. Direct and indirect costs for PID and PID associated ectopic pregnancy exceeded $1.25 billion in 1979. If PID and ectopic pregnancy rates continue unabated, by the year 2000 there will have been more than one episode of PID and three related physician visits for every two women who reached reproductive age in 1970. Fifteen percent will require hospitalization, more than 3% will experience an ectopic pregnancy, and more than 10% will involuntarily become sterile because of PID. PMID- 7008603 TI - Intrauterine device use and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - A number of studies have shown an association between use of the intrauterine device (IUD) and the development of pelvic inflammatory disease. In the nine studies reviewed, the estimated risk varied between 1.6 and 9.3. A number of interacting variables are operant, in addition to IUD use. Further, the use of nonpermanent forms of contraception other than the IUD may exert a protective effect against the development of PID. PMID- 7008602 TI - Contraception and the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease: new perspectives. AB - The dramatic increase in use of contraception worldwide makes it imperative to understand the effects of contraceptives on the health of women using them. In this article, we review the literature on the relationships of modern nonsurgical contraception with pelvic inflammatory disease. Subsequently, we identify areas where further research is needed to better define the risks and benefits of these contraceptive methods in various settings. From our review, two new conclusions emerge. First, our reanalysis of published data on the risk of PID associated with intrauterine device (IUD) use compared with no contraceptive use shows, with one exception, less risk than the previous comparisons to all non-IUD use. Second, and probably most importantly, the studies, when taken together, strongly imply that oral contraceptives have a protective effect against PID. Only one study of 11 is equivocal on this point. PMID- 7008604 TI - Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease is used herein synonymously with acute salpingitis. In modern industrialized countries, the annual incidence of PID in women 15 to 39 years of age seems to be 10 to 13 per 1,000 women, with a peak incidence of about 20 per 1,000 women in the age group 20 to 24 years. Since 1960 an increase in incidence by a factor of 1.6 to 1.9 has been observed in the age group 20 to 29 years. The incidence of PID is correlated strongly with the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, although a fraction of the infections might be of endogenous origin. Use of intrauterine contraceptive devices and operations for legal abortions contribute to the increase in incidence. The prevalence of women in the post-PID state has increased by a factor of about 1.5 since 1960. Women in the post-PID state have a tenfold increased risk for ectopic pregnancy and 25% of the increase in ectopic pregnancy can be accounted for by the increase in post PID women. Infertility after PID ranges between 5.8% and 60% depending on severity of infection, number of infections, and age of the women. The fraction of women rendered infertile because of PID has increased by a factor of about 1.6 since 1960. PMID- 7008606 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in the developing world. PMID- 7008605 TI - Salpingitis: overview of etiology and epidemiology. PMID- 7008608 TI - Amniotic fluid C-peptide as an index for intrauterine fetal growth. AB - Amniotic fluid C-peptide (AFCP) was monitored as an indicator of the amount of insulin secreted by the fetus in utero. Levels of amniotic fluid and cord blood C peptide, insulin, and glucose were measured in 103 nondiabetic infants at greater than or equal to 36 weeks's gestation. Infants were grouped according to birth weight and gestational age at delivery, as follows: small gestational age (SGA, less than or equal to 10%, n = 11), average for gestational age (AGA, 10% to 90%, n = 75), large for gestational age (LGA, greater than 90%, n = 17). AFCP correlated best with infant weight-gestational age percentile classification: low AFCP in SGA infants and high AFCP in LGA infants. The data from this study suggest that a persistently low production of insulin by SGA fetuses and a high production of insulin by LGA fetuses may lead to the different intrauterine growth rates observed. PMID- 7008607 TI - Management of congenital absence of the vagina. AB - The management of congenital absence of the vagina is facilitated where there is knowledge and understanding of any associated genetic, metabolic, and morphologic anomalies. Although the McIndoe split-thickness graft operation was the most commonly used method (15 patients), other surgical and nonsurgical alternatives were selectively utilized. In 10 women where a functioning uterus was present, laparotomy was necessary in six because of obstruction to uterine drainage. In the choice of treatment method to establish a functioning vagina, individualization is important, but certain guiding principles found to be useful are discussed. PMID- 7008609 TI - Bladder versus renal bacteriuria during pregnancy: recurrence after treatment. AB - Localization of bacteriuria has been shown to correlate with the pattern of recurrence after treatment. The immunofluorescent technique was used to localize infection in 233 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria to determine whether this would identify those who were at greater risk for recurrence. In both an indigent and a military population, the incidence of renal bacteriuria was 42%. Regardless of the site of infection, after one course of short-term (10 day) or long-term (21-day) antimicrobial therapy, almost two thirds of these women were abacteriuric for the remainder of gestation. Women given short-term treatment were more likely to have a recurrence within 2 weeks of completion of therapy than were women given long-term therapy (P less than 0.001). Moreover, these early recurrences were more frequent in women given short-term treatment for renal bacteriuria (P less than 0.05). Conversely, recurrences 6 or more weeks after completion of therapy, and regardless of site of infection, were more common in women given long-term treatment (P less than 0.01). Although the timing of recurrence varied significantly in relation to duration of treatment and site of infection, the ultimate risk of recurrence was not related to either. The conclusion is that localization of asymptomatic bacteriuria does not contribute to the management of pregnant women, since overall recurrence rates are independent of the site of infection. PMID- 7008610 TI - The fetal and maternal catecholamine response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the rat. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the catecholamine response of the fetal rat to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the mother. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at day 21 of gestation were used. Hypoglycemia was induced with regular insulin; then at timed intervals, the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. When the rats were completely unresponsive, the abdomen was opened, the fetuses were exteriorized, and fetal blood was obtained by sectioning the axillary vessels. Maternal blood was obtained from the vena cava. Plasma glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase technique. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine were measured by radioenzymatic assay. Maternal animals demonstrated a fall in glucose to a nadir of 23 +/- 0.7 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) and a significant rise in plasma epinephrine to a maximum of 2,548.0 +/- 1,071.2 pg/ml. Fetal glucose fell to a nadir of 23.8 +/- 3.3 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) and fetal catecholamines demonstrated a rapid significant rise: norepinephrine rose to a maximum of 5,077.3 +/- 932.6 pg/ml; epinephrine rose to a maximum of 4,295.8 +/- 538.9 pg/ml; dopamine rose to a maximum of 869 +/- 203.3 pg/ml. The fetal correlation coefficients were r = 0.56 (p less than 0.01) for plasma glucose compared to norepinephrine and r = 0.58 (p less than 0.01) for plasma glucose compared to epinephrine. The maternal correlation coefficient for plasma glucose compared to epinephrine was r = -0.54 (p less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that the near-term fetal rat is able to respond significantly to hypoglycemia with a rapid output of catecholamines. PMID- 7008611 TI - Fetal metabolic response to endogenous insulin release. AB - The fetal metabolic response to tolbutamide-induced insulin release was evaluated in nine chronically catheterized fetal lambs. Tolbutamide produced an elevation in fetal insulin that persisted throughout the 1-hour experimental period (peak insulin concentration achieved was 76.1 +/- 9.5 micro U/ml). Fetal hyperinsulinemia was associated with a fall by 30 minutes in both fetal arterial and umbilical venous glucose concentrations as well as an increase in the umbilical glucose venous-arterial difference. This increase was associated with an elevation of fetal glucose uptake 65.6% +/- 29.6% above control at 30 minutes after infusion. Fetal arterial oxygen content fell after tolbutamide administration and was accompanied by an increase in the umbilical venous arterial oxygen content difference (13.0% +/- 5.0% above the basal level.) Despite the increased venous-arterial difference, however, no change in umbilical oxygen consumption was noted. Isolated endogenous fetal insulin release is thus associated with a relatively rapid increase in umbilical glucose uptake as well as concomitant fetal hypoglycemia. The etiology of the mild fetal hypoxemia produced is unclear. The alterations in fetal glucose uptake in the ovine fetus after tolbutamide mimic those changes occurring after fetal exogenous insulin infusion. These alterations strongly suggest a significant role for insulin in the modulation of fetal carbohydrate metabolism and perhaps oxygen utilization. PMID- 7008612 TI - Glucocorticoids, hyperinsulinemia, and fetal lung maturation. AB - Glucocorticoids are reported to accelerate fetal lung development, whereas insulin is alleged to interfere with this effect of glucocorticoids. A paradox exists, however, in that glucocorticoids also induce hyperinsulinemia. The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationships of betamethasone, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia to fetal lung maturation. In this rhesus preparation, maternal betamethasone administration produced an alarming increase in maternal and fetal plasma insulin values. A significant increase in total lung volumes also occurred, but lung surfactant properties (as measured by amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin concentrations, lung alveolar deflation stability, and lung phosphatidylcholine concentrations) remained unchanged. These findings are consistent with the following hypotheses: (1) Betamethasone-induced hyperinsulinemia impairs acceleration of surfactant production but does not negate increases in maximum lung volume; (2) betamethasone-induced increases in maximum lung volume occur through mechanisms other than alveolar surfactant alterations. PMID- 7008613 TI - Natural history of group B streptococcus colonization and its therapy during pregnancy. AB - Seven hundred twenty-two pregnancies were studied in a private-practice setting to determine the natural history of colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) over time. The colonization rate remained constant at 7% to 8% in each trimester, with 19% of the women colonized at some time during pregnancy. The organism was lost spontaneously at some time during pregnancy in 51%. Treatment of third trimester pregnant women and their husbands with penicillin G resulted in a significant reduction in GBS colonization at delivery as compared to an untreated control group. If other factors are considered, however, routine culturing for GBS in pregnant women and treatment of those harboring the organism with penicillin G are not recommended. PMID- 7008614 TI - The role of prostaglandins in endotoxemia and comparisons in response in the nonpregnant, maternal, and fetal models. II. Alterations in prostaglandin physiology in the nonpregnant, pregnant, and fetal experimental animal. AB - The present study evaluates the response of the nonpregnant ewe, the pregnant ewe, and the fetal lamb with regard to prostaglandin physiology after E. coli endotoxin administration. Baseline levels are reported and response to a stimulator (E. coli endotoxin) and an inhibitor (indomethacin) of prostaglandin synthesis is evaluated. The results reveal that the prostaglandin response to stimulation or inhibition relies upon the baseline levels and that acute alterations of prostaglandin ratios may occur with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The fetus reacts differently than the pregnant and nonpregnant animal and appears to be resistant to the effects of endotoxin, which may be secondary to the elevated baseline fetal prostaglandin levels. PMID- 7008616 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis after keratoplasty. AB - Giant papillae of the upper tarsal conjunctiva have been found in vernal conjunctivitis and, more recently, in giant papillary conjunctivitis in patients with contact lenses. A similar syndrome occurred in 11 patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty with interrupted nylon sutures. Minimal itching, mild mucous discharge, mild blepharoptosis, and giant papillae of the upper tarsal conjunctiva were associated with exposed suture ends. Removal of exposed sutures led to resolution of the condition. Conjunctival scrapings from three of five patients demonstrated eosinophils. Although the syndrome may have an immunologic basis, the findings are also consistent with a mechanical origin related to exposed nylon sutures. PMID- 7008617 TI - Abrasive wear of bonding adhesives: studies during treatment and after bracket removal. PMID- 7008615 TI - The Pearl Pregnancy Index reexamined: still useful for clinical trials of contraceptives. AB - Data from 25 studies of intrauterine contraceptive devices show close agreement between the Pearl Pregnancy Index and a cumulative, 12 month, life-table pregnancy rate. Analysis of data from the early stages of these clinical trials shows the Pearl Index to be superior to the short-term life table in predicting the outcome of the study. The error introduced by using the Pearl Index as a single measure of contraceptive efficacy in clinical trials, under conditions in which those trials are often carried out, is probably very minor compared to the effect of situational factors that affect studies and to differences among various life-table methodologies. The real strength of the life-table analysis of contraceptive performance is not the single, summary, 12 month pregnancy rate it provides, but the complete picture of various reasons for termination over time, particularly when a large number of woman-months of experience has accrued. PMID- 7008618 TI - An isolation aid for direct bonding. AB - A technique involving the use of disposable cotton roll holders to isolate the lower arch is presented. The cotton roll holder serves two functions: maintenance of a dry field and enhanced visibility. PMID- 7008619 TI - The effects of maxillary expansion using a quad-helix appliance during the deciduous and mixed dentitions. AB - Ten subjects, five in the deciduous dentition and five in the mixed dentition (mean age = 6 years 9 months), had functional posterior cross-bites successfully corrected with fixed lingual arch wire expansion appliances of the quad-helix design. The appliance, in the context of "early" treatment, produced midpalatal suture separation on each subject as evidenced on occlusal radiographs. While the relative orthopedic and orthodontic changes were not determined, the maxillary intermolar and intercanine transverse measurements showed significant increases in all subjects, with mean values of +5.3 mm. and +4.1 mm., respectively. The active phase of treatment averaged 30 days and 1.1 adjustments for the desired expansion to be achieved. Incorporating a standard 6-week retention period, the total appliance wear time had a mean value of 75 days. Following a 3-month postretention adjustment period, relapse of the intermolar and intercanine transverse dimensions presented mean decreases of -1.5 mm. and -1.9 mm., respectively. The relapse potential was successfully compensated for by overexpansion of 2 to 3 mm. during the active phase of treatment. No significant differences were demonstrated between the deciduous- and mixed-dentition groups during the course of maxillary expansion with the quad-helix appliance. PMID- 7008620 TI - The journal--a record of professional transition and progress. PMID- 7008621 TI - Lethal myocardial ischemic injury. AB - The biologic changes occurring in severely ischemic myocytes in vivo as the affected cells pass through the phase of reversible to the phase of lethal or irreversible injury are reviewed with special emphasis on the effect of ischemia on the production and utilization of highenergy phosphate, the destruction of the adenine nucleotide pool, and the appearance of signs of damage to the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma. Evidence is presented that indicates that the events occurring in severe ischemia in vivo are essentially identical to those found in total ischemia in vitro except that the biologic changes of ischemia develop more slowly in total ischemia in vitro than in severe ischemia in vivo. The slower time course of injury, together with the uniformity of injury provided by total ischemia in vitro, may allow for more precise identification of potential lethal cellular events in ischemic injury. The production of highenergy phosphates (HEP) from anaerobic glycolysis have been estimated in both in vivo and in vitro ischemia by the measurement of lactate accumulation, and total HEP utilization has been estimated from the depletion of stores of preformed HEP. The results show that between 80% and 90% of the HEP utilized by ischemic dog left ventricle is produced by anaerobic glycolysis. The onset of irreversibility is associated with marked depletion of the HEP and adenine nucleotide pools of the tissue and the cessation of energy production via glycolysis. The cessation of anaerobic glycolysis may be caused by the low sarcoplasmic, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration of the dying myocyte. In addition to the foregoing changes, irreversibly injured tissue exhibits both ultrastructural and functional evidence of disruption of the plasmalemma of the sarcolemma. The possible relationships, causal and otherwise, between severe HEP depletion and membrane damage are discussed. Both HEP depletion (ATP < 3-8% of control) and membrane damage are considered to be objective signs of the presence of irreversible myocardial ischemic injury. However, at the present time, there is no proof that these changes are causally related either to each other or to cell death in severe in vivo ischemia. PMID- 7008622 TI - The role of calcium in the ischemic myocardium. AB - Ischemia of the myocardium results in a loss of ultrastructure and function. Tension generation is diminished or abolished, electrolyte imbalance occurs, and the ATP-generating capacity of the mitochondria is reduced. An intracellular accumulation of Ca2+ appears to precipitate many of these changes, the intracellular accumulation of Ca2+ being caused, in turn, by a failure of the ATP dependent mechanisms responsible for maintaining intracellular homeostasis with respect to Ca2+. This hypothesis has been tested by the use of hypothermia, pretreatment with verapamil and a reduced extracellular Ca2+ to modify the events precipitated by an ischemic episode. PMID- 7008623 TI - Myocardial ischemia: the pathogenesis of irreversible cell injury in ischemia. AB - Cells made ischemic rapidly manifest many distinct structural and functional alterations as a consequence of the depletion of their energy stores. In attempting to determine which of these are causally related to the eventual cell death, the authors have emphasized the relationship to the reversibility of the ischemic injury. Two phenomena have consistently characterized irreversibly in contrast to reversibly injured ischemic cells: the inability to restore mitochondrial function and evidence of plasma membrane damage. Studies in the authors' laboratory are reviewed that have focused on the pathogenesis, biochemical nature, and the relationship to irreversible cell injury of both of these alterations. A number of mitochondrial abnormalities are related to changes in long-chain acyl-CoA metabolism with inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocation and potentiation of a Ca2+-dependent increase in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These changes are reversible upon reoxygenation only when the large increase in intracellular Ca2+ content that accompanies the phospholipid depletion from other cellular membranes is prevented. This disorder in phospholipid metabolism is felt to be the critical lesion that produces irreversible cell injury in ischemia. It affects the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticular membranes of liver and myocardial cells, respectively, and probably the plasma membranes of both. It is prevented by pretreatment with chlorpromazine. An activation of endogenous phospholipases by an elevated, cytosolic free Ca2+ ion concentration is suggested as the mechanism underlying this phospholipid disturbance. The central role of intracellular Ca2+ in the initiation and functional consequences of ischemic cell injury are emphasized. PMID- 7008627 TI - Adipose cell size-function relationships: insulin binding and degradation. AB - 125I-insulin binding and degradation have been studied in isolated rat adipose cells of increasing size. Binding at 24 degrees C reaches a steady state by 40-60 min in the absence of significant degradation. At 37 degrees C, binding reaches only a transient maximum by 10-15 min because insulin is rapidly degraded. Cellular enlargement is associated with increasing steady-state binding per cell at 24 degrees C, and increasing maximum binding and degradation per cell at 37 degrees C, in spite of increasing plasma insulin concentrations in the rats from which cells were prepared. Detailed steady-state studies at 24 degrees C, however, fail to delineate the mechanism of these alterations. Although dissociation experiments are consistent with the presence of a small degree of negatively cooperative binding site interaction, its magnitude is unchanged with increasing cell size. Furthermore, binding levels per unit cellular surface at 24 degrees C, at least at those insulin concentrations eliciting a biological response, remain relatively constant. None of the alterations in insulin binding observed here can explain the enlarged adipose cell's markedly decreased metabolic response to insulin. PMID- 7008625 TI - Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia in fasted rats during liver regeneration. AB - The two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, have been implicated as hepatotrophic factors for the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. Similar to previous studies, hyperglucagonemia and hypoinsulinemia were noted following major liver resection of initially well-fed rats. In contrast to well fed animals, rats fasted for 24 h prior to surgery to deplete hepatic glycogen and establish low basal insulin levels developed both portal venous hyperglucagonemia and hyperinsulinemia after 67% hepatectomy. Elevation of basal portal venous levels of the two hormones suggested enhanced pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon in response to acute liver injury in fasted animals. Because polypeptide hormones must bind to specific hepatic cell membrane receptors to exert their hepatotrophic influences, basal portal-systemic venous differences of insulin and glucagon and glucose-elicited portal-hepatic venous insulin differences were evaluated. The evidence implies that hepatic extraction and, therefore, cell membrane receptor binding of both insulin and glucagon by regenerating livers were enhanced even though portal venous levels of the two hormones were elevated. PMID- 7008626 TI - 25(OH)D3 metabolism in kidney cell cultures: lack of a direct effect of estradiol. AB - There are several reports of increased production of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] by the kidney of birds in response to estrogen treatment. To determine whether estradiol influences the renal cell directly, primary cultures of chick kidney cells were exposed to the steroid under a variety of conditions. In the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, treatment of cultures for 20-24 h with 10(-5) and 10(-6) M estradiol led to inhibition of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]-1 hydroxylase activity. When the 1-hydroxylase was suppressed and 25(OH)2D3-24 hydroxylase was induced by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, estradiol in concentrations of 10(-9) and 10(-5) M either had no effect or slightly inhibited 1,25(OH)2D3 production. Similarly, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[24,25(OH)2D3] production was not affected consistently by estradiol. These results were unaltered when either testosterone (10(-6) M) or insulin (5 micrograms/ml) was present in the medium. Shorter treatments (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 h) with estradiol resulted in a transient decrease in both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 production, but at no time was stimulation observed. These results suggest that the effects of estrogens on 25(OH)D3 metabolism observed in vivo are exerted elsewhere than directly at the renal cell. PMID- 7008628 TI - Effects of dietary composition on glucose metabolism in rat adipose cells. AB - The effect of altered dietary carbohydrate and fat content on equilibrium insulin binding to, and glucose transport activity and metabolism in, isolated rat epididymal adipose cells has been studied. Alterations in basal and insulin stimulated total glucose utilization induced by changes in the ratio of dietary carbohydrate to fat are accounted for by specific effects of dietary composition at two levels of cellular function: 1) glucose transport across the cell's plasma membrane, specifically, the number of functional glucose transport systems, and 2) the cell's maximal capacity for glucose metabolism. These effects occur without alterations in insulin binding or the cell's sensitivity to insulin. Furthermore, diet-induced changes in the pattern of 14CO2, and 14C-triglyceride glycerol and fatty acid production appear to be accounted for primarily by the influence of dietary composition on the total amount of glucose entering the cell. Thus, under the conditions of this study, changes in dietary composition alter the adipose cell's capacities for glucose transport and metabolism without altering the mechanisms of insulin action or regulating the metabolic flow of glucose carbons. PMID- 7008624 TI - Metabolic products and myocardial ischemia. AB - Metabolic products accumulate in ischemic myocardium secondary to reduced coronary flow, which prevents adequate washout of vascular spaces, and to reduced oxidative metabolism. The most notable products that accumulate are NADH, H+, lactate, CO2, long-chain acyl-CoA, and long-chain acyl carnitine. These products interfere with the production of ATP and the functioning of the myocardium. Glycolytic production of ATP is inhibited by accumulation of NADH, H+, and lactate. Mitochondrial and plasma membrane function may be altered by the acyl esters of CoA and carnitine. Mitochondrial membranes become structurally distorted and fragmented, and lipid-containing amorphous densities appear in the matrix. Structural alterations of mitochondria occur more frequently in hearts receiving high concentrations of fatty acids and correlate with high tissue levels of acyl esters of CoA and carnitine. Addition of acyl carnitine to mitochondria isolated from normal hearts results in nodulose-appearing cristae and fragmentation of mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 7008629 TI - Insulin binding and sensitivity in rat skeletal muscle: effect of starvation. AB - In contrast to adipose tissue and heart, the in vitro sensitivity of skeletal muscle to insulin is enhanced by starvation. To determine the basis for this, insulin binding and its ability to stimulate glucose metabolism were examined in the incubated rat soleus. In solei from 50-g rats, starvation for 48 h enhanced insulin binding by 50-100% at concentrations of 100 ng/ml or less. Starvation also resulted in higher basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, and glucose uptake. The enhanced effect of insulin only occurred at concentrations less than 50-75 ng/ml, in keeping with the increased binding of insulin in this concentration range. On the other hand, under conditions in which binding at equilibrium was the same, glucose uptake was still higher in the starved group, suggesting that some postreceptor event may have been more sensitive to insulin. These studies confirm that the in vitro sensitivity of rat skeletal muscle to insulin is enhanced by 48 h of starvation. They suggest that this is due at least partially to an increase in insulin binding at physiological concentrations. PMID- 7008630 TI - Decrease in plasma glucose concentration after microinjection of insulin into VMN. AB - The influence of insulin on hypothalamic regulation of blood sugar homeostatis was studied in anesthetized rats. Insulin was injected directly into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), the parietal cortex, or the third cerebral ventricle, and changes in hepatic venous plasma glucose concentrations were studied. After injection of 100 microU insulin into the parietal cortex or the third ventricle, hepatic venous plasma glucose concentration did not differ from that of the control rats, which received saline injection into the same CNS regions. Saline injection into the LHA raised the hepatic venous plasma glucose concentration in control rats, where injection of 100 microU insulin into the LHA resulted in a modest but significant decrease of glycemia in the 2-, 5-, and 10-min postinjection samples. As little as 10 microU insulin injected into the VMN eliminated the hyperglycemic response seen in control rats after saline injection into this site. The divergence between insulin-treated rats and their saline-treated controls was further amplified, and an actual fall of plasma glucose was observed in rats given injections of 50 or 100 microU insulin into the VMN. Increasing quantities of insulin (from 10 to 100 microU) injected into the VMN resulted in graded decreases of hepatic venous plasma glucose concentrations, suggestive of a dose-response curve. These observations support the hypothesis that the VMN and the LHA are parts of an insulin-sensitive CNS glucoregulator system that exerts influences on the systemic blood glucose levels by causing rapid alterations in hepatic glucose metabolism. PMID- 7008631 TI - Overview: white norms and psychiatric diagnosis of black patients. AB - Allegations of psychiatric misdiagnosis of black patients are supported by only a few examples of such errors, but there is a modest body of circumstantial evidence suggesting that black patients run a higher risk of being misdiagnosed than white patients. The author reviews the studies providing such evidence and concludes that greater awareness among clinicians and research into more appropriate diagnostic criteria for black patients are desirable. PMID- 7008632 TI - Perspectives on psychotherapy with the elderly. AB - There is probably no area in which there has been more misinformation, inconsistency, and stereotyping than in discussions about the role and efficacy of psychotherapy with the elderly. In this paper the author attempts to lay the foundation for an improved perspective on psychotherapeutic work with older people. He reviews concepts, techniques, process, and historical views as they relate to psychotherapy in later life. PMID- 7008633 TI - Anxiety and platelet MAO levels after relaxation training. AB - The authors measured platelet MAO activity with phenylethylamine and tryptamine substrates in a group of 20 subjects with chronic anxiety before and after they underwent relaxation training. Levels of anxiety were quantified using a self rating scale. Posttreatment values for anxiety and enzyme activity were significantly lower than pretreatment values. Anxiety and enzyme activity levels were not significantly correlated at any stage of the study. PMID- 7008634 TI - To hell with economics? PMID- 7008635 TI - The effect of a thirty per cent reduction in physician fees on Medicaid surgery rates in Massachusetts. AB - In this paper, we use an interrupted time series analysis to assess the effect of a 30 per cent reduction in the Medicaid reimbursement fee for physician services on the rate at which eight elective surgical procedures were performed in the Massachusetts Medicaid population. Tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy is the only procedure in which there was a statistically significant decline in the rate of surgery in most areas of the state following the fee cut. There is some evidence of an increase in the rate of disc surgeries/spinal fusions. The rate of other procedures increased in some areas of the state and decreased in other areas in the period after the fee cut. PMID- 7008636 TI - Treatment of chondral damage to the patella. PMID- 7008637 TI - The general surgeon and cancer. PMID- 7008638 TI - Low side-to-side sigmorectal anastomosis with intestinal staplers. AB - The radiologic appearance of a side-to-side stapled sigmoid to rectal anastomosis is described. Barium which collects in the stump of the sigmoid may give the false appearance of a anastomotic leak and unnecessarily delay colostomy closure. Oblique views and observation in the radiologic suite for emptying of the distal stump will confirm this condition. PMID- 7008639 TI - Hodgkin's disease with specific bullous lesions. AB - A variety of bullous eruptions have been reported in patients with Hodgkin's disease, among them erythema multiforme, herpesvirus infections, bullous impetigo, prurigo-like papules with vesicles, drug eruptions, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acquired epidermolysis bullosa. We now describe a patient whose bullous eruption was thought initially to be bullous pemphigoid. However, histopathologic examination of a bulla showed a lymphomatous infiltrate beneath an intraepidermal and subepidermal blister. These pathological findings seem to be unique and we interpret them to be those of bullous Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7008640 TI - Immunotherapy in hay fever with two major allergens 19, 25 and partially purified extract of timothy grass pollen. A controlled double blind study. In vivo variables, season I. PMID- 7008642 TI - Salbutamol by powder or spray inhalation in childhood asthma. AB - Forty-three children from 3-16 years of age suffering from moderate bronchial asthma completed a double-blind cross-over study on the clinical effect of inhaled salbutamol (Ventoline) powder (0.2 mg/dosis) compared with spray (0.1 mg/dosis) over two 4-week periods. Both administrations gave significant improvement in air flow meter (AFM) results. There was no significant difference between the periods on active powder or spray regarding daily symptom scores, adjuvant medication or AFM values. The powder caused cough in four children but in 12 of 28 children it was considered as easy or easier to accept as the spray; nine of these 12 children were younger than 10 years of age. It is concluded that salbutamol inhaled as a powder is a useful alternative when using a spray is difficult or unwanted. PMID- 7008641 TI - The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of farmer's lung. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted to measure antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Micropolyspora faeni. Mycelial and culture fluid antigens were used separately to analyze antibodies in three study groups: farmer's lung patients, patients with bronchitis and healthy control persons. The mycelial antigen of A. fumigatus gave more positive results than the corresponding culture fluid antigen. The situation was reversed for the actinomycetes. For this reason either a mycelial antigen or a combination of mycelial and culture fluid antigens should be used in ELISA in routine tests. The prevalence and the titers of antibodies against the three microbes detected by ELISA were higher in the farmer's lung group than in the other two groups. PMID- 7008643 TI - The efficacy of Domperidone (R 33812) in the treatment of postoperative vomiting. A double-blind study with a placebo. AB - One hundred patients (14-82 years) were given either domperidone 10 mg I.V. or a placebo after they had vomited postoperatively. The patients were then observed for six hours. A supplementary injection of domperidone 10 mg I.V. from an open supply was given if required. In the placebo group 47.9% of patients needed another injection but only 25% of patients in the domperidone group (p less than 0.01). Vomiting occurred later after domperidone than after the placebo (p less than 0.01). At the end of six hours 74% of patients in the domperidone group had no recurrence of vomiting compared with 38% in the control group. In this study neither vomiting nor the efficacy of domperidone were found to be related to the type of surgery, the type of anaesthetic or the physical status (ASA I-III) of the patient (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 7008644 TI - ["Hepatitis" following halothane-anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - "Hepatitis" following halothane-anesthesia is a rare complication, occurring once after about 2500 halothane-anaesthesias. The mortality is estimated to be 20-25%. The disease can be diagnosed by exclusion of other causes only. The differential diagnosis of postoperative jaundice is therefore briefly reviewed. Three hypotheses of possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed, namely the theory of toxic products of the metabolism of halothane, the theory of delayed hypersensitivity to a metabolite and the theory of coincidence with preexisting unknown liver disease. None of these theories has been proved definitely. The use of halothane is contraindicated if a patient suffered from unexplained pyrexia and jaundice after a previous exposure to halothane. Gamma radiation decomposes halothane to hexachlorofluorobutene, a know hepatotoxin. The repeated use of halothane during irradiation therapy is therefore contraindicated. The risk of "hepatitis" after halothane anaesthesia increases if the patient is exposed to halothane twice within four weeks, especially if he is obese and older than 40 years. The risks and advantages of repeated halothane exposures have to be weighed against the risks of alternative techniques. The increased mortality after repeated anaesthesias within short periods of time, irrespective of the technique used, has to be considered. PMID- 7008645 TI - [Bupivacaine and the humoral component of the immunlogical secondary response (author's transl)]. AB - Using the Jerne-Plaque-Technique, as modified by Cunningham, the influence of the local anaesthetic bupivacaine (over-all dose 200 mg/kg weight) on the immunological secondary response of the mice was tested. Plasma cells producing IgM as well as those producing IgG could not be shown to be significantly susceptible to suppression by bupivacaine. PMID- 7008646 TI - Synthesis of carrier-free beta-32P-nucleosides-triphosphate in almost quantitative yields. PMID- 7008647 TI - Gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring mass spectrometric determination of captopril in human blood. PMID- 7008648 TI - An appraisal of mutagenicity test systems. PMID- 7008649 TI - A revised cytoarchitectonic map of the neocortex of the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). PMID- 7008651 TI - [Evaluation of hemodialysis systems (author's transl)]. AB - Since March 1973, approval procedure for hemodialysis systems devices is mandatory in France. Basically it controls the minimum requirements to insure the effective, safe performance of these devices in the treatment of end stage renal disease. They include dialysing fluid systems, monitoring equipment and dialyzers. We have controlled 28 dialysate delivery system monitors and 21 dialyzer models. During the approval procedure a high rate of cases which do not meet the minimal requirements, were observed: 61 p. cent for the identification of the device, 72 p. cent for the safe electrical current limits (French National Standard), 83 p. cent for the monitoring and 22 p. cent for the duration (1,000 hours for center utilisation, 1,500 hours for home utilisation). Better results were found with dialyzer performances. Ultrafiltration flow rate and solute dialysance measured in vitro under clinical conditions of flow rates and pressures correlated well with the values claimed by the manufacturers. Problems encountered during the approval procedure stemmed from the lack of National and International Standard for hemodialysis systems and the poor compliance of the manufacturers to "good manufacturing practice" rules. PMID- 7008650 TI - [Trans-cerebral electric analgesia: reality, hypothesis or placebo? (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty patients undergoing major digestive surgery received the same amount of drugs for induction of anesthesia; neuroleptic, morphinomimetic and pachycurares were used and calculated in mg/kg. A randomisation list permitted to define 45 patients who received in double blind (by means of a long electrical cord), an electrical current varying for each protocol; the control group (15 patients) did not receive an electrical current. Statistical study of the amount of drugs used for follow of anesthesia shows no real effect of electrical analgesia for digestive surgery. PMID- 7008653 TI - [Testing of medical devices (author's transl)]. AB - The French regulation of medical devices is already old. it gradually begins since 1940 firstly for the need of safety in radiology. In 1952, an Interministerial Commission (Health, Welfare, Defense, Interior, etc.) was instituted for the medical devices approval: the anaesthesiological devices were examinated since 1956. But this regulation is weak because there is no effective penalty. Nevertheless it is efficient: it had allowed the collection of important documents especially in the fields of radiology, anaesthesiology and intensive care, and recently in hemodialysis. During the last ten years all medical devices in this fields were examinated by the French essay laboratories and their performances were registraded. If the compliance of a device is not effective the approval is not gived. For anaesthesiological and intensive care devices, the approval is give, after clinical testing, only for five years. This approval is not renewed if there are complaints about the device during this time. But medical devices are not easy to define and to test. The best definition seems the American one: "There is a new definition of "device". In broad terms, a device is a health-care product that does not achieve any of its principal intended purposes by chemical action within or on the body or by being metabolized. There is specific recognition that a device may diagnose "conditions" that are not necessarily "diseases" (Medical device Amendment, 1976)." The french regulation is of course not perfect: we suffer of a lack of a law on medical device thus this regulation is appliable only if the public health is envolved. Nevertheless a rather good protection of the patients is assured and the efficiency is gradually better as the international exchanges give technical and clinical informations. PMID- 7008652 TI - [Randomized controlled clinical trials with barbiturate treatment after cardiac arrest in the United States. Ethical and medicolegal aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Brain protection during ischemia by barbiturates has been clearly demonstrated in many different experiments. Only recently the therapeutic value of large doses of thiopental administered early after cerebral circulatory arrest has been demonstrated experimentally in monkey. Noncontrolled studies in humans also indicate beneficial effect, however the treatment is not without potential complication. Controlled randomized studies in humans are needed to document its beneficial effect. Such studies have several unique medico-legal and ethical implications since the treatment has to be started in an unconscious patient and as early as possible after a totally unexpected cardiac arrest. Informed consent, ethical and medicolegal consideration of randomized controlled clinical trials is discussed and a modified approach to clinical trials in humans is suggested. The modification would not alter the scientific value of the studies, but resolve the ethical and medico-legal problems. PMID- 7008654 TI - New concepts in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7008655 TI - Intrathecal injection of morphine for obstetric analgesia. AB - Intrathecal injection of morphine was used to provide obstetric analgesia in 20 primiparous women in labor. When the cervix was at least 3 cm dilated, morphine, 1 or 2 mg, was injected intrathecally. In all parturients, labor pains were completely relieved after 15-60 min and analgesia lasted as long as eight to 11 hours. The analgesia was not associated with any alteration of pin-prick sensation or motor power, and there was no change in the arterial blood pressure or heart rate. All infants were delivered vaginally by use of episiotomy annd a low forceps, except two infants of mothers in the 2 mg of morphine group who needed cesarean section. During the second stage of labor, analgesia was supplemented by lidocaine, 2 per cent, using local perineal infiltration in 14 parturients and pudendal block in two parturients, and by epidural block in four parturients. Nineteen of the 20 newborns cried immediately at birth, and had Apgar scores o 7-9 at 1 min and 8-10 at 5 min. During the first 24 hours of life, the neurobehavioral responses of all newborns were scored as normal. Systemic maternal side effects such as somnolence, nausea, vomiting, and itching occurred in a high proportion of the parturients. However, in the majority of cases, these side effects were mild. Only two parturients of the 2 mg morphine group complained of marked somnolence, itching, and vomiting, which persisted post partum; these were effectively reversed by the specific antagonist naloxone. The analgesic effect of intrathecal morphine can be attributed to its action on the opiate receptors in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. However, supraspinal effects of morphine cannot be excluded. The low lipid solubility of morphine can explain its slow onset and prolonged duration of action. Also, this will result in minimal systemic absorption of morphine, which protects the fetus and results in selective maternal analgesia. PMID- 7008658 TI - Double-blind placebo-controlled studies with flunarizine in venous insufficiency. AB - In 4 placebo-controlled double-blind studies of patients suffering from venous insufficiency--defined as the presence of varicose veins combined with a range of subjective symptoms and presence of venous ulcers--flunarizine was statistically significantly superior to placebo in improving symptomatology, reducing the circumference of swollen lower legs and ankles, and increasing the speed of healing of venous ulcers. No side-effects were noted. PMID- 7008657 TI - Positive hemokinetic effects after selective calcium-antagonism. PMID- 7008656 TI - Double-blind comparison of morphine and bupivacaine for continuous epidural analgesia in labor. PMID- 7008659 TI - Further observations of the digital plethysmography in response to auditory stimuli and its clinical applications. AB - Further observations of the digital plethysmography with auditory stimuli and its clinical applications were performed in patients with vibration disease and heart diseases. The responsive pattern to the auditory stimuli in the digital plethysmogram could be faithfully reproducible if it elapses more than 5 minutes apart between the first stimulus and the second one. The responsive patterns were divided into four types: normal (N), hyperreactive (I and D) types and hyporeactive (P) type. The values of urinary catecholamine increased in parallel to the activity level of the autonomic nerve. The hyperreactive type (D) had the highest value of urinary catecholamine, and vice versa. With regard to the age, the elderly was prone to show hyporeactive (P) type, and the young tended to be hyperreactive (D) type. Psychologic factors were examined by Cornell medical index. Neurosis was not necessarily related to the hyperreactive type. In clinical applications, it was observed by this method that the autonomic imbalance in patients with vibration disease, angina pectoris, or hypertension was recovered by the treatment, and the abnormal types of the response recovered to N type. In conclusion, the digital plethysmography with auditory stimuli as one of the autonomic nerve function tests would be much useful and non-invasive method for observation of clinical course and decision of the severity. PMID- 7008660 TI - Food leukocytic test: time for a new refined technical investigation. PMID- 7008661 TI - Immunotherapy in children: past, present, and future. (Part II). PMID- 7008662 TI - Incidence of fungal precipitins in patients treated with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. AB - The authors followed the development of serum precipitins to aspergillus and Candida albicans in 14 asthmatic patients placed on beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation at a mean duration of five months. Three sera positive for aspergillus precipitins became negative during treatment. One patient had clinical oropharyngeal candidiasis and another patient's serum became positive for candida precipitin. The authors conclude that the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and candida or aspergillus precipitins are rare among patients treated with beclomethasone. PMID- 7008664 TI - The cephalosporin jungle. PMID- 7008663 TI - [Rheumatoid factors : a cause of non-specific results in IgM antitoxoplasma fluorescent tests (author's transl)]. AB - This paper confirms the finding that rheumatoid factor (RF) can cause non specific fluorescence in fluorescent-antibody tests for toxoplasmosis carried out with IgM antiserum (Remington test). There is a 20 to 25 p. cent risk of such error, depending on the conditions under which the test is read. Elimination of the risk by the subjection of all sera to preliminary absorption, as proposed by Camargo et al., does not seem justified as the proportion of positive Remington tests is very low in France (approximately 1,5 of every 1000 sera tested) and the work involved would be wasted is most cases. What is proposed here is to tackle the problem at the other end by taking every serum with a positive response to the Remington test, testing it for RE, absorbing it on heat-aggregated human globulin of placental origin, and determining its IgM toxoplasma antibody titre again. PMID- 7008665 TI - Distinguished Service Award address. The conscience of a surgeon. PMID- 7008666 TI - [Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma in children (author's transl)]. AB - A 12 year old female patient presenting non ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma as initial sign of diabetes mellitus is presented. She was successfully treated with continuous infusion of low dose of insulin and saline and glycosaline isotonic sera. Potassium was precociously added to the hydrating solutions. During convalescence she suffered a left iliofemoral thrombophlebitis which remitted with appropriate treatment. In coma stage, C-peptide was close to normal, indicating active insulin production by the pancreas. PMID- 7008667 TI - Plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion as prognostic indicators in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. AB - Azotemia is an ominous prognostic sign in cirrhosis with ascites. To investigate whether other renal disturbances are also prognostically significant, we studied the renin-aldosterone system and sodium excretion (UNaV) in 75 patients who had nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites and related these to survival. On the basis of plasma renin activity patients were classified in two groups. Group I included 34 patients with normal renin activity (1.13 +/- 0.69 ng/mL . h) and Group II, 41 patients with high renin activity (7.46 +/- 3.86 ng/mL . h). The two groups differed significantly (p less than 0.001) in plasma aldosterone, UNaV, and wedged hepatic venous pressure but not in clinical features, liver function, glomerular filtration, and renal plasma flow. Patients of Group I lived significantly longer than those of Group II (the 50% survival rates were 28 months and 6 months, respectively). Survival curves obtained after grouping the patients according to UNaV (higher and lower than 10 meq/d) were almost identical to those obtained according to renin activity. The study results indicate that plasma renin activity and UNaV are of prognostic value in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. PMID- 7008668 TI - NIH conference. A multidisciplinary approach to non-hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Epidemiologic studies show that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas tend to develop after prolonged antigenic stimulation, after loss of normal regulation of lymphoid proliferation, or especially after both processes. Study of these tumors in vitro has greatly increased understanding of their pathophysiology and has provided a conceptual framework for their morphologic diversity. Lymphomas are now understood to be expanded clones of their normal counterparts. The anatomic location, phenotypic characteristics, proliferative capacity, and functional capabilities of the neoplasm often reflect those of the equivalent normal cells. If neoplastic transformation can occur at any stage of lymphoid differentiation, then it is theoretically possible that neoplastic lymphocytes may respond, or could be induced, to normal regulatory influences. Further study of selective cytotoxicity may reveal exploitable differences among lymphocytic subpopulations and permit more rational choices of therapy. Of major aid to future clinical trials should be the recent consensus on nomenclature by an international panel of experts. PMID- 7008670 TI - Care of the aged: the barriers of traditions. AB - The growing population of older persons in our society will require increased attention. It is contended that the current pattern of third-party reimbursement for hospitalization and technical procedures focuses upon acute care and cure. The philosophy underlying medical education and practice is a barrier to the provision of quality care to older persons with chronic disorders. A changing emphasis for future practice is indicated. PMID- 7008669 TI - Pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction, 1981. AB - Recent observations and discoveries necessitate reassessing the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. Platelet aggregability has been shown to be increased in patients with an acute myocardial infarction, and coronary arterial spasm has been documented by arteriography done just before and during the onset of infarction. These clinical observations have been complemented by the recent discovery of two potent substances; thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, which affect platelet aggregability and coronary arterial tone. These recent observations and discoveries are blended with older pathologic information to attain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. A dynamic interaction among damaged intima, platelet aggregates, and spasm is postulated to occur as a prelude to thrombosis in acute transmural myocardial infarction. Spasm appears to initiate the infarction process in some instances, but the exact sequence of events has not been established. PMID- 7008671 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis during treatment with lithium]. PMID- 7008672 TI - [Madness in the German cinema (1913-1933]. AB - During these twenty years, from 1913 to 1933, of the history of the German cinema, the cinematographic representation of madness varies according to the fluctuations of the social and economical background. The political and ideological chaos of the immediate post-war years was symbolized in the allegorical imagery of unreason in the expressionist cinema. The same equivalence, the same symbolization can be found in the cinema of the thirties when the crash of Wall-Street foretells a crisis like the former. On the contrary in the course of the so-called "relative stabilization" (1924-1929) the meaning of the representation of madness is totally different from the representation of the previous period. At this period of economical restoration, madness which could henceforth be cured on the psychoanalyst's couch (acc. G. W. Pabst's film: "Geheimnisse einer Seele") became the symbol of the absolute power rediscovered by Germany. PMID- 7008673 TI - [Psychiatry and psychosomatics in Arabic medicine]. PMID- 7008674 TI - [Infant mouse model of "Escherichia coli" infectious diarrhoea (author's transl)]. AB - Three enteropathogenic bovine strains of Escherichia coli (B41, B44 and 17C), carrying K99 antigen (K99+) and producing heat-stable enterotoxin (Ent+), caused infectious diarrhoea when administered orally to Swiss OF1 and CD-1 infant mice. A mortality rate of 40 t0 60% was obtained after administration of 10 E. coli B41 to mice which were less than 48 h old. A mortality rate of 80 to 100% was obtained with 10(3) E. coli B41, selected as reference inoculum. Inoculation of mice older than 48 h with the reference inoculum, resulted in variable responses and decreased mortality rate. After 10 days of age, mice were no longer sensitive to the inoculum. Inoculation of mice with each strain of E. coli in standard conditions (10(3) bacteria, mice less than 48 h old) produced similar mortality rates in OF1 mice. CD-1 mice were more resistant to strain B41 than to strains B44 and 17C. Administration of E. coli K12, to which K99 and Ent+ plasmids had been transferred, produced no pathological change in mice under the same conditions. PMID- 7008675 TI - [A dynamic study of drug resistance in populations of fecal "Escherichia coli" from axenic mice, fed chlortetracycline continuously and associated with flora from infant, calf and piglet (author's transl)]. AB - In order to prove the effect of low doses of antibiotics on the level of drug resistance of the gastrointestinal flora, gnotoxenic mice, harbouring various microflora from newborn calf, piglet or infant, were given continuously water containing 20 microgram/ml chlortetracycline. Control mice, harbouring the same flora, were maintained as well in isolators. Sensible and resistant fecal Escherichia coli were counted daily. Results showed that even before the introduction of the antibiotic in the water, drug-resistant E. coli were present in the feces at a level of about 10% of the sensible E. coli. In the three experiments, chlortetracycline increased dramatically the level of resistance of fecal flora. The isolators preventing all possible bacterial contaminations, the observed increase was actually the result of the introduction of antibiotic in the water. However the sensible E. coli remained in higher number in the feces, the resistant strains never becoming dominant. These results are discussed. PMID- 7008676 TI - [Exogenous estrogens and carcinoma of the endometrium: a critical analysis of the literature]. PMID- 7008677 TI - [Major and minor urological complications after simple hysterectomy for malignant tumors of the female genital system]. PMID- 7008678 TI - [Further trials of anti-inflammatory agents in inflammatory gynecological diseases]. PMID- 7008680 TI - [Children's leg fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008679 TI - [Maurice Aubry (1899-1980)]. PMID- 7008681 TI - [Randomized trial with tiapride in post-operative care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008682 TI - Faltin lecture. The use of stapling devices for the construction of low rectal anastomoses. PMID- 7008683 TI - Burns in children with special reference to the benefits of primary excision and immediate grafting. AB - This report gives an analysis of average types of burns seen in children in Finland. The majority were small infants under two years of age who had sustained the burns indoors from scalding with hot water. Cold water immersion was given in half of the cases as first aid treatment. Most of the cases were of a minor degree, but almost half were excised primarily 48--120 hours after the accident if the burn was considered to be deep. Classification of deep and superficial burns has been considered. Special attention was paid to a radically decreasing hospital stay, which was less than 12 days in 68% of the primarily excised cases. Figures up to 60% have been given in the literature. The reduced length of hospitalization decreases psychological complications, which usually begin to become apparent in children after 14 days' hospital stay. Incidence of bacterial contamination to which a burn wound is very prone is also thus diminished. Later reconstruction procedures were carried out in 35% of the primarily excised cases, which shows that hypertrophy of the scars cannot be influenced by primary excision. However, primary excision is a very encouraging method of treatment in children of all ages. PMID- 7008684 TI - Skin banking in the treatment of burns. A practical approach to the processing and storing of allografts. AB - The good resuts achieved by treating extensive thermal burns with skin allografts have led to the development of effective long time preservation methods. Human skin can be frozen and kept viable at low temperatures by using cryoprotective media containing glycerol or dimethylsulfoxide. The biological properties of skin grafts thus treated have been investigated and their clinical success is well documented. Many burn centres have organized frozen skin banks based on liquid nitrogen (--196 degrees C) as the refrigerating medium. Such systems are expensive and require careful handling, regular control, and afterfilling. This is a report of a skin bank organized in an electric freezer, equipped with a recorder for continuous temperature registration, and with an alarm system. The storage temperature is --86 degrees C and the theoretical capacity approximately 3 m2 of skin. This bank has proved to be inexpensive, dependable and easy to use. Maintenance problems are minimal, and the running cost is very low. Skin allografts have been found viable after up to 2 years of storage. PMID- 7008685 TI - Some aspects of quantitative bacteriology in burn wounds. AB - There is clinical evidence that it is important to follow the concentrations of bacteria in burn wounds. This can be done either by quantitative cultures from wound biopsies or from quantitative swab samples or by microscopy. Monitoring by culture is probably better because it gives evidence of the different types of bacteria involved and their antimicrobial sensitivities in advance. PMID- 7008688 TI - The New York Academy of Dentistry fellowship list. 1980-81. PMID- 7008686 TI - Nursing care of the thermally injured patient. AB - Team work is required in the treatment of the thermally injured patient--nursing staff being part of the team. The nurses are with the patient for 24 hours a day and they have to understand the objectives of all other members of the team involved in the treatment as well as thoroughly mastering their own work. For the nursing staff the care of the thermally injured patient is a challenge. The work demands strong motivation and interest--it includes at times painful treatment, isolation and also constant alertness. It is important that the nursing staff is given continuous training so that they are able to give the required care efficiently and to keep up active interest. Practical work is the best way of getting aquainted with the complex forms of treatment of the thermally injured patient. It also lessens the fear of a badly burned patient. Nursing care of the thermally injured patient consists of good basic care, local attention and active observation. The basic care consists of basic hygiene, diet, observation of the patient's psychological condition, giving emotional support, encouraging initiative physiotherapy and postural treatment. PMID- 7008687 TI - The burned hand. Early treatment and surgery of scars and contractions. AB - Hand burns are common injuries in which early accurate diagnosis of the severity of the injury and active surgical treatment can save it or diminish the permanent disability caused by the thermal trauma. During the four year period of 1976- 1979 we treated 45 patients with acute hand burns; secondary surgery was performed in 29 scarred and contracted hands. Deep dermal or subdermal (III degree) burns were either immediately excised to the vital tissue (within 6 hr postburn) or early afterwards (within 1--7 days post injury). The reconstruction of the excised areas was made by free skin grafting in 43 hands. If deep structures were exposed, subsequent reconstructions were used: local, groin, or free flaps. The aims in treatment of scarred hands were to restore function and to repair unstable scars. The following secondary procedures, often combined in a one-stage operation, were performed: scar excision and regrafting, web space correction, groin flap reconstruction, digital joint arthrodesis or capsulectomy, tendon transfer, and spherical osteotomy. PMID- 7008689 TI - [Penicillin amidase from E. coli. The determination of the ionization constants of the Michaelis complex ionogenic groups in the enzymatic deacylation reactions of the phenacetyl derivatives of phenylglycine and 7 aminodesacetoxychephalosporanic acid]. AB - pH and temperature relationships of the maximum rate of the reaction of enzymatic hydrolysis of phenacetyl derivatives of phenylglycine (PPG) and 7 aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-PADCA) catalysed by immobilized penicillinamidase (IPA) (penicillinamidohydrolase CE 3.5.1.11) were studied. A possibility of applying for the routine methods used in determination of electrochemical properties of ampholites for estimation of the ionization constants of the functional groups of both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex was shown. The applicability of various methods for estimation of the ionization constants is discussed and the ways of determination of the ionization constants and the means of quantitative description of the bell-like pH relationship of the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the biocatalytic reaction are presented. The equations described were used in analysis of the pH relationship of the immobilized penicillinamidase enzymatic activity in the reactions of 7-PADCA and L-PPG hydrolysis. The estimated ionization constants of the ionogenic groups of the Michaelis complexes were used in quantitative description of the electrochemical state of the complexes at wide pH ranges. The acid properties of the PA and IPA complexes with a number of substrates, such as benzylpenicillin, 7-PADCA, L-PPG and PANAB were compared. The effect of the immobilization procedure, electrochemical properties of the substrates and the reaction products on the electrochemical state of the Michaelis complexes is discussed. PMID- 7008690 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of bile and bile acids]. PMID- 7008691 TI - Effects of pesticides on the fatty acid and phospholipid composition of Escherichia coli. AB - Cells of Escherichia coli contained an altered phospholipid and fatty acid composition when grown in the presence of some pesticides. Whereas parathion increased the concentration of all phospholipid species without changes in their polar head groups. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) decreased the proportion of neutral serine-derived phosphatides and dieldrin decreased the proportion of negatively charged phospholipids. The saturated/unsaturated plus cyclopropane fatty acid ratio was increased in all cases. The changes suggested that cells adapted their membrane lipids to compensate for the presence of pesticides in the environment. PMID- 7008692 TI - Mutation induced by drying of Escherichia coli on a hydrophobic filter membrane. AB - Drying of Escherichia coli to a required cellular water level was conducted on a hydrophobic membrane at the corresponding relative humidity. Mutation from an arginine auxotroph to the prototroph was induced by drying to a water activity (aw) of 0.53 and below, but not to an aw of 0.75 and above. The critical aw below which mutation occurred in the course of drying was similar to that for induction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage in the bacteria. Some ultraviolet or gamma-irradiation-sensitive strains, e.g., strains of carrying recA, recB, and uvrA recA were more sensitive to drying than the wild-type strains or strains carrying uvrA and polA. The DNA strand breakage of every strain was observed to be to a similar extent after drying to an aw of less than 0.53. The drying resistant strains repaired the damaged DNA partially during postdrying incubation in a growth medium but not in phosphate buffer solution, while the drying sensitive strains could not at all. Significant mutation on drying occurred in the wild-type strains, strains carrying uvrA and polA, but not in strains carrying recA. It is, therefore, concluded that the mutation is caused by errors in rec-dependent repair of the drying-induced breakage in DNA. PMID- 7008694 TI - Variability in gas production by Escherichia coli in enrichment media and its relationship to pH. AB - Variability in gas production in multiple subcultures of Escherichia coli was assessed in two selective enrichment media and in lactose peptone water. Considerable variability occurred with all media at 37 and 44 degrees C. Addition of buffer increased gas production and decreased variability. The relationships between pH, growth, and gas production were complex. In buffered media, viable counts increased by 269 x 10(6) to 382 x 10(6)/U of pH fall, whereas in unbuffered media, they increased by 9.45 x 10(6) to 30.37 x 10(6)/U of pH fall. In buffered and unbuffered media, pH fell as gas production rose. However, variability in gas production among individual subcultures was not associated with changes in pH. PMID- 7008693 TI - Inactivation of Mycobacterium bovis in meat products. AB - The time-temperature combinations necessary to destroy Mycobacterium bovis in meat products were determined. In any given time, M. bovis was destroyed at temperatures 6 to 7 degrees C (ca. 12 degrees F) lower than those necessary for destruction of members of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Hence, any processing heat adequate to kill M. avium-M. intracellulare complex organisms will provide a very large safety factor with respect to M. bovis. Benzalkonium chloride treatment of wiener specimens for cultural examination effectively destroyed the normal flora of wiener emulsion without reducing the numbers of M. bovis. Treatment with a phenolic disinfectant followed by formaldehyde vapor was effective in disinfecting equipment contaminated with meat emulsion containing M. bovis. PMID- 7008695 TI - Estimation of Escherichia coli in raw ground beef. AB - This study was undertaken to establish and evaluate more rapid methods of estimating Escherichia coli in ground beef than the standard most probable number (MPN) technique. Direct inoculation of and modifications to EC medium gave unreliable estimates of the presumptive E. coli count. Solid media incubated at an elevated temperature were compared to the MPN technique. Anderson and Baird Parker's tryptone bile agar (TBA) method and prepoured plates of Endo, Levine eosin methylene blue (EMB), and violet red bile (VRBA) agars incubated at 44 degree C gave equivalent counts to the standard MPN method. Anderson and Baird Parker TBA was the most selective solid medium for E. coli estimation, but all selective media incubated at elevated temperature reduced apparent E. coli counts by as much as 50%. Indole-producing and lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae, capable of growth at elevated temperature, were tested for their growth on TBA, EMB, and VRBA at elevated temperature. TBA was selective for E. coli biotype I compared to other Enterobacteriaceae that predominate in meats. VRBA and EMB incubated at elevated temperature were not as selective as TBA, but differences in colonies could be observed between typical E. coli colonies and other Enterobacteriaceae on these media. Therefore, VRBA incubated at elevated temperature is proposed as a quality assurance screening test for presumptive E. coli in ground meat. Resuscitation techniques and prepoured plates with VRBA increased recovery levels of presumptive E. coli, but, under the conditions of this study, not to levels that represented a significant practical difference. PMID- 7008697 TI - [The vascular patterns in choroid tela of the fourth ventricle in dog (Canis familiaris) (author's transl)]. AB - The tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle of the dog is vascularized principally by the principal and accessory caudal cerebellar arteries but also by the middle cerebellar arteries and dorsal network of the medulla oblongata. The choroidal branches arising from these arteries supply the capillary network of the choroid plexus. The latter drains towards the sigmoid sinus, either directly or through the dorsal plexus of the medulla oblongata. The choroid plexus drains also partially towards the cerebellar veins and the ventral petrosal sinuses. PMID- 7008696 TI - Cell envelope damage in Escherichia coli caused by short-term stress in water. AB - Physiological and morphological changes in Escherichia coli exposed to oligotrophic natural waters and reagent grade water were studied. Several lines of evidence indicated that short-term exposure in water causes cellular envelope damage. Increasing susceptibility to lysozyme, lag time before cell division, and injury as defined by differential counts on selective and nonselective media occurred with exposure time. Electron micrographs of injured cells showed morphological changes in cell envelope. PMID- 7008699 TI - [A comparative in vitro culture study of the action of the chick embryo testis and testosterone on different target organs (author's transl)]. AB - This is a survey of previously published data and some new ones. The target organs studied were chick and mouse wolffian ducts and mullerian ducts. The following statements can be made: 1. The anti-mullerian hormone of the chick embryo testis is active on both the avian and mammalian mullerian ducts. Testosterone on the contrary will stimulate them. 2. Testosterone will stimulate both the avian and mammalian wolffian ducts, the chick embryo testis will not. It is concluded that there is no testosterone secretion by the chick embryo testis or in too low a quantity to be effective. Thus, the chick embryo testis and testosterone exert quite different actions on all four target organs studied. PMID- 7008700 TI - [Systematization of the angioarchietectomy of the jejunum and the ileum in man around the perinatal period (author's transl)]. AB - The vascularization of the different layers of the jejunum and the ileum was studied in 35 human intestins between the 23d foetal week and the first postnatal year. The vascular systems in all 35 cases were injected with gelatinous inda ink. During the perinatal period the submucosal layer is a true vascular crossroad formed by an intricate plexus of blood vessels, both arterial and venous, similar in structure and whose density increases with the development of the intestinal wall. The vascularization of the muscularis, essentially a tributary of the submucosal layer, is assured by long and short muscular arteries whose structure and number vary with age. The venous system of the muscularis is a satellite of the arterial system. The arteries of the serosa originate essentially from straight arteries and accessorily from the intervascular mesenteric arches. Their terminal and collateral branches form an anastomotic network caracteristic of the perinatal period. Drainage is assumed by veins of the serosa, which are tributaries of straight veins, and similar to the arteries, undergo progressive densification parallel with development. The arteries of the mucosa are tributaries of the submucosal network and abandon precapillary arterioles and two capillary networks: one surrounds the Lieberkuhn glands, the other is destined for the intestinal villus. These dense networks and the vascular networks of the other layers help preserve the intstinal villus and glands during development. Finally, the venous drainage of the mucosa flows into the submucosal venous network. PMID- 7008698 TI - The ultrastructures of binucleated follicle cells and migrated nuclei in the lizard Acanthodactylus scutellatus hardyi. AB - Binucleated cells and constricted nuclei have been observed in the polymorphic follicles during certain developing stages in both the intermediate and the pyriform cells. The formation of binucleated follicle cells may increase RNA synthesis and/or another function may be assumed which is the migration of these nuclei to the ooplasm. The migrated nuclei have been seen during certain stages in the ooplasm and are apparently taken into the ooplasms by phagocytosis, or through cytoplasmic bridges, but there is a great possibility that these nuclei enter the oocyte by the fusion of both cell membranes (the oocyte and the follicle cell cytoplasmic membrane). The number of these nuclei is not very large and often too small in each oocyte to permit a true nutritive function but it does enable DNA and RNA material to enter the ooplasm. PMID- 7008701 TI - The morphogenesis of the ventricular flow pathways in man. AB - This work which is based on the study of eight human embryos of 4,5 to 13,6 mm from the Madrid collection, and also on six plastic reconstructions made by the BORN method, and on experiments on chick embryos (ligature of the left vitelline vein in embryos, 3 days of incubation) enables us to reach the following conclusions: no true rotatiorial movements take place during normogensis. Only ventromedial rotation of the right ventricle is observed in stages 12 to 14. This rotation will place the right ventricle, and therefore the vestibulum pulmonalis in front of the aortic infundibulum. We consider that the initiation of cardiac septation is to a great extent due to hemodynamic. causes. During normogenesis in all cases, from the earliest stages of development the presumptive pulmonary outflow tract is always anterior and to the right of the presumptive aortic tract. We do not agree with the statement of GOOR and EDWARDS and VAN PRAAGH R. and VAN PRAAGH S. (1965), that in some stages the presumptive coni of the aorta and pulmonalis are arranged inversely to the way in which they will arranged later. PMID- 7008702 TI - The glycosaminoglycans of estrogen-induced medullary bone in Japanese quail. PMID- 7008703 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Three years after the onset of lupus erythematosus, blisters, erosions, and erythema of the gingivae developed in a 31-year-old man. A diagnosis of cicatricial pemphigoid was established by routine and immunofluorescence microscopy studies. An association between cictricial pemphigoid and other autoimmune disorders seems to be rare. This case demonstrates the importance of performing immunofluorescence microscopy studies, as well as routine histologic assessments, of conditions that resemble desquamative gingivitis. PMID- 7008705 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7008704 TI - Nevus comedonicus with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. A report of four cases. AB - Four patients with nevus comedonicus (NC) and the histological changes of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH) are described. The relationship between NC and other epidermal nevi in which EH may occur is further emphasized by this finding. PMID- 7008706 TI - [Treatment of prostatic disorders with a combination of Prunus africana and benzidamine]. AB - A combination of Prunus africana and benzidamine has been administered to thirty seven patients suffering from several prostate processes, with a predominance of prostatites and prostate adenoma into first two phases in the male and pseudoprostatism in the female. The patients' ages ranged between 28 and 82 years. Good results were achieved in 90% of the cases and there was perfect tolerance in 85%. The authors explain the methods of study and discuss the results. As there are no toxic or hormone risks, their final conclusion is to recommend this combination for prostate patients before attempting any other solution. PMID- 7008707 TI - [Bronchial epithelium and secretory IgA (IgAS) synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008709 TI - [Oral exfoliative cytology. study of its value for detection and therapeutic control of oral cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008708 TI - [Recto-colonic polyposes]. PMID- 7008710 TI - Synovial fluid in antiquity. PMID- 7008713 TI - An articular index for the assessment of osteoarthritis. AB - An articular index was devised for the sequential assessment of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Forty-eight joint units, chosen to reflect the characteristic pattern of the disease, were scored for tenderness on pressure or movement on a 4-point scale. Four observers examined patients to assess inter- and intraobserver error. The index was highly reproducible both within and between observers; intraobserver error was, however, significantly smaller. In a double-blind, cross-over trial the index was sufficiently sensitive to detect a statistically significant difference between the responses of patients with OA to an anti-inflammatory agent and to a simple analgesic. It is likely to be a useful addition to current methods of measurement in osteoarthritis. PMID- 7008712 TI - Detection of anti-dsDNA as diagnostic tool. AB - The diagnostic significance of anti-dsDNA determinations was evaluated in 2 different groups of patients. When the immunofluorescence technique (IFT) with Crithidia luciliae and the Farr assay with 3H-labelled-PM2 DNA were applied to a selected panel of 536 sera from patients with various well-defined autoimmune diseases, positive results were obtained only with serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). On the other hand when we screened 4431 sera sent to our laboratory for diagnostic reasons, we observed a high incidence of antibodies to dsDNA in patients who did not fulfil the preliminary American Rheumatism Association's criteria for SLE and did not have the diagnosis SLE. Furthermore, a significant number of the positive sera showed peculiar behaviour in that they were positive only in the IFT on Crithidia luciliae and not in the Farr assay. PMID- 7008711 TI - Effect of aspirin treatment on chondromalacia patellae. AB - Twenty-nine patients (21 females and 8 males) with chondromalacia patellae diagnosed by arthroscopy were randomly allocated to receive aspirin or placebo for 3 months. Clinical and arthroscopic examination after 3 months showed no significant change in symptoms, signs, or macroscopic appearances in either group. Surgical treatment was performed in 14 patients for deteriorating symptoms. PMID- 7008714 TI - [Critical considerations on the laboratory research in infections from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (author's transl)]]. PMID- 7008717 TI - [Filarial elephantiasis (Wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica) and microfilaremia]. PMID- 7008715 TI - [Antibiotic and metal resistance in "Escherichia coli" strains isolated from the environment and from patients (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence and the patterns of the antibiotic and metal resistance in 106 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from ground waters, used also as drinking water supply (sample A), was studied in comparison with the resistance behaviour in the 104 strains of the same microorganism isolated from non hospitalized patients (sample P). Significant differences between the percentage of resistant strains in the two examined samples were found for some of the antibiotics and the metals tested (ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, mercury and zinc) while non statistically significant differences were found for gentamicin, tetracyclin, nalidixic acid and cadmium. From the high percentages of the resistant strains in the environmental sample (up to 44.3% for tetracyclin) we may deduce that also the ground waters, especially if used as drinking water, contribute to the spread of the resistant bacteria. The patterns of the antibiotic multiresistances in the strains isolated from patients and from ground waters do not differ greatly and this strengthens the hypothesis that resistance to antibiotics has been acquired by Escherichia coli strains before reaching the ground waters. PMID- 7008716 TI - [Parasitic diseases in Europe]. PMID- 7008718 TI - [Immuno-enzymologic diagnosis of (ELISA) human and bovine fascioliasis. Detection of circulating antibodies and/or antigens]. PMID- 7008719 TI - Surgical management of chronic relapsing pancreatitis. AB - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis is a syndrome usually associated with chronic alcohol abuse, and is characterized by pain in the upper abdomen and back, weight loss, and disturbances in function of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. A surgical attack on this disorder can be traced to the turn of the century, when experimental work suggested the feasibility of operations of the pancreas. In 1911 Link performed pancreatostomy for this disease and achieved an excellent long-term result. Later, partial or total pancreatectomy was introduced in the management of this condition. With pathologic evidence of pancreatic duct dilatation, attempts at retrograde drainage of the duct into the gastrointestinal tract were introduced in the 1950s, with encouraging results. The recent advent of diagnostic modalities capable of more precise definition of ductal anatomy allows more discriminate application of the two major surgical approaches of resection and internal drainage. In this review, the literature concerning this interesting subject is surveyed and the favored diagnostic and surgical methods are assessed. PMID- 7008720 TI - Use of transcutaneous oxygen sensors to titrate PEEP. AB - The relationship of transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) to arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), pulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt), mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2), and O2 delivery was determined in patients with respiratory failure in order to explore the possible usefulness of PtcO2 to titrate the level of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Transcutaneous oxygen sensors were applied to the chest of surgical ICU adult patients who were in acute postoperative respiratory failure. The patients had mechanical ventilation with volume ventilators and an intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) rate, which allowed normal pH and arterial CO2 tension ventilation (PacO2). Swan-Ganz and arterial catheters were inserted. The blood volume was measured by iodinated I-125-serum albumin and brought into the normal range, before the study began, with appropriate volume therapy. Serial cardiorespiratory data were taken before and after PEEP was increased from zero to 20 cm H2O, in 5 cm increments. PtcO2 correlated well with PaO2 and PV-O2; it was inversely correlated with Qsp/Qt. PtcO2 correlated with O2 delivery in only seven severely ill patients mean alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference [A-aDO2] was 380 mmHg and the pulmonary shunt was 37%). For the eight other patients, variations in the greatly elevated cardiac output associated with hypoxemia led to poor correlations between PtcO2 and O2 delivery. There was no significant depression of cardiac output in any of the studies. We conclude that the continuous noninvasive nature of PtcO2 monitoring greatly increased the safety and simplicity of PEEP optimization and respiratory management of adult patients with respiratory failure. PMID- 7008722 TI - Ixodes trianguliceps: seasonal abundance and role in the epidemiology of Babesia microti infection in north-western England. PMID- 7008723 TI - Elimination of yeast contamination from malaria cultures using 5-fluorocytosine. PMID- 7008724 TI - Detection of Trypanosoma rangeli by salivation of infected Rhodnius prolixus on glass slides. PMID- 7008721 TI - Detection of antibodies to leishmaniasis in dried blood on filter paper by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. PMID- 7008726 TI - [Use of final positive expiratory pressure (FPEEP) in the management of acute respiratory insufficiency]. AB - A group of 19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) of diverse etiology received as a part of their treatment positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP). All of them were evaluated clinically and with several respiratory parameters. The response to treatment, complications and mortality rates are analyzed. The addition of PEEP in the management of this patients was accompanied by a significant increase of the PAO2 (p < 0.001) and a simultaneous decrease in the following parameters: FiO2/PaO2 index, Alveolo-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) and the pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt). No hemodynamic deterioration was observed. None of the clinical parameters such as: blood pressure, heart rate and diuresis was significantly modified; neither a significant change in the arterious-venous oxygen gradient (a-vDO2) was detected. Pneumothorax as a complication of the use of PEEP was present in the 10.4% of the patients. The course of the ARF was toward the improvement in most of them at the end of the evolution. The high mortality rate in this study was considered to be secondary to uncontrollable sepsis and also to the presence of multiple organ failure. In none of the cases the poor outcome was secondary to refractory acute hypoxemia. PEEP which is one of the varieties of continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) represents one of the most importants therapeutic advances in the last decade in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7008725 TI - Suppression of renin production in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. AB - Twenty patients undergoing elective myocardial revascularization for coronary insufficiency were divided into two equal groups. In 10 patients, propranolol was discontinued 24 hours before operation while the remaining patients received propranolol until the day of operation. Plasma renin was elevated in the intensive care unit in the control group (p < 0.05) whereas patients receiving propranolol did not demonstrate significant elevation of plasma renin. Systemic vascular resistance was elevated in both groups in the intensive care unit (p < 0.05) and was associated with hypertension as defined by a blood pressure of greater than or equal to 160/100 mm Hg in 80% of the control patients and 70% of patients receiving propranolol. We conclude from this study that renin metabolism does not contribute significantly to the production of hypertension following coronary artery operation. PMID- 7008727 TI - [Contribution of "New Spain"to cardiology]. PMID- 7008728 TI - [Current periodical publications on cardiology]. AB - A revision is made of the periodic publications specializing in cardiology that at present are being edited in the world. Ninety-nine titles of actual importance with a perioricity over two numbers per year formed the material of study. The oldest publication began to be printed in the year of 1908, changed name in 1937, and today is titled Archives des Maladies du Coeur et de Vaisseax. In Spanish, the first journal specializing in cardiology started in Mexico 50 years ago; in 1944 it changed name, and at present in continues to be published with the title of Archivos del Instituto de Cardiologia de Mexico. In the first decade of this century, only one publication on cardiology with the above mentioned characteristics appeared. In the first seven months of 1979, five appeared. Considerations are made concerning the alarming growth of the contemporary medical biobliography, and of cardiology in particular. PMID- 7008729 TI - [Study of ScorpIonidae of the Great Arab Maghreb. I. Bibliographic list]. PMID- 7008731 TI - Comparative analgesic efficacies of aspirin and acetaminophen. AB - To be considered well designed, a study of analgesic efficacy must be conducted under double-blind conditions with patients randomly allocated to each treatment group. Ideally, the study should include both a placebo and an acceptable standard or reference analgesic. Extraneous variables should be kept to a minimum. The most firmly established pain models have used pain caused by cancer, parturition (including episiotomy), surgery postoperatively, oral surgery, and headache. The cancer pain model is most amenable to crossover or multiple-dose studies because of the chronic nature of the pain. Appropriately designed clinical studies have provided conclusive evidence that aspirin and acetaminophen are equianalgesic and, milligram for milligram, equipotent. There also is some evidence that acetaminophen can reduce swelling in inflammatory conditions other than arthritis (eg, in patients who have had oral surgery). PMID- 7008730 TI - [Venereal undifferentiated hematosarcoma of dogs (Sticker's sarcoma): formation of "tumor rosettes' with human red blood cells]. PMID- 7008732 TI - Comparative efficacy of aspirin and acetaminophen in the reduction of fever in children. AB - Antipyretics should be employed in the pediatric population whenever it is the clinical judgment of the attending physician that fever should be lowered. Aspirin and acetaminophen are equally effective as antipyretics. The efficacy and safety of these two most common antipyretic agents are examined, and various studies with these agents are critically reviewed. Since acetaminophen has a greater margin of safety at antipyretic dosages, it is preferred to aspirin when an anti-inflammatory effect is not required. The efficacy and safety of combination therapy with acetaminophen and aspirin in pediatric patients--or an alternative treatment regimen with both these drugs--warrant investigation. PMID- 7008733 TI - Selection and results of antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction. AB - Four antiplatelet drugs have been evaluated in cerebrovascular disease and in coronary heart disease--dipyridamole, clofibrate, sulfinpyrazone, and aspirin. There is no evidence that dipyridamole or clofibrate is beneficial in patients with stroke or myocardial infarction. Aspirin is effective in reducing stroke and death in patients with transient cerebral ischemia. Although aspirin has not been reported to significantly (statistically) reduce mortality or frequency of ischemic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction, five of six randomized trials showed a similar favorable trend. Sulfinpyrazone seems to be ineffective in the treatment of transient cerebral ischemia, but there is evidence that it decreases the incidence of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. In patients with prosthetic heart valves, the combined use of aspirin or dipyridamole with an oral anticoagulant is more effective in preventing systemic embolism than an oral anticoagulant alone. PMID- 7008734 TI - Adverse reactions of aspirin and related drugs. AB - The term "aspirin intolerance" is defined as acute urticaria-angioedema, bronchospasm, severe rhinitis, or shock occurring within three hours of aspirin ingestion. Aspirin intolerance occurs most commonly in patients with chronic urticaria (23%), in whom it is mostly manifested by the urticaria type of aspirin tolerance, and in asthmatic individuals (4%), in whom it is mostly manifested by the bronchospastic type. There is no definite evidence that aspirin intolerance is mediated by an immunologic reaction. In the bronchospastic type, an association between prostaglandins and the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) seems likely. It is possible that aspirin causes a preponderance of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), resulting in bronchospasm. The effect of aspirin on blood histamine is controversial. The two major types of aspirin intolerance seem to be mediated by different mechanisms. PMID- 7008735 TI - Acute effects of aspirin and acetaminophen on renal function. AB - The renal effects of aspirin and acetaminophen are minor. With a major overdose of acetaminophen, uncommonly renal failure may occur that cannot be ascribed to hepatic failure; its mechanism is unknown. Aspirin may cause a transient shedding of renal tubular cells, alterations in urate excretion, inhibition of spironolactone action, and, in certain clinical settings, a reversible decline in renal function manifested as a fall in glomerular filtration that may be accompanied by mild water, sodium, and potassium retention. Active systemic lupus erythematosus, advanced cirrhosis, and chronic renal insufficiency seem to predispose patients to the effects on renal function, and there is direct or indirect evidence in those conditions that prostaglandin synthesis is an important part of the body's attempt to preserve renal blood flow. Study of these effects has provided new insight into the way in which the kidneys may use prostaglandins to preserve renal function when it is threatened. PMID- 7008737 TI - The medieval skeletal remains from St. Gregory's Church at Zejtun (Malta) Part II. Anthropological studies. PMID- 7008736 TI - Extracorporeal treatment of salicylate or acetaminophen poisoning--is there a role? AB - Hemodialysis or sorbent hemoperfusion has been used in the management of clinical overdose of salicylates or acetaminophen. Hemodialysis offers considerable benefit in severe salicylate poisoning and is preferred to hemoperfusion or peritoneal dialysis, since it more rapidly corrects acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities than does hemoperfusion, and since it is clearly more efficient than is peritoneal dialysis for the removal of salicylates. Charcoal hemoperfusion in animal studies and hemodialysis in man have been shown to accelerate acetaminophen elimination from the body. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are of questionable benefit in clinical acetaminophen overdose. However, our clinical experience to date with charcoal hemoperfusion in "late" acetaminophen overdose has been associated with a less notable increase in liver enzyme concentrations in comparison with results of retrospective studies of series of patients treated or not treated with sulfhydryl donors. PMID- 7008738 TI - [Juan Obiols]. PMID- 7008739 TI - [In memoriam J. F. Tello]. PMID- 7008740 TI - [Comments on the history of neuropsychology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008741 TI - Gastric carcinoid tumor. Its occurrence with ossification and diffuse argyrophil cell hyperplasia. AB - A case of two gastric carcinoid tumors accompanied by diffuse argyrophil-cell hyperplasia occurred in a 39-year-old woman. One of the gastric carcinoid tumors demonstrated stromal ossification. Diffuse argyrophil-cell hyperplasia accompanied by gastric carcinoid tumors has been reported previously. The significance of this association is unknown. PMID- 7008743 TI - Factors influencing outcome of kidney allografts from pretreated cadaveric donors. AB - A five-year retrospective analysis of patient and graft survival after initial cadaveric kidney transplantation showed that recipients of kidneys from cadaveric donors pretreated with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and methylprednisolone (Medrol) had better graft survival than those patients who received nonpretreated kidneys. In patients not receiving transfusions, transplantation of a pretreated kidney improved the chances of success, with graft survival equivalent to that for patients receiving transfusions. Splenectomy was beneficial for graft survival and did not affect overall patient survival. The effect of splenectomy could not be clearly separated fro the effect of donor pretreatment. PMID- 7008744 TI - Staple suturing of the colon above the peritoneal reflection. AB - We review the few reports in the literature involving the results of stapled colonic anastomoses. Our personal experience with 88 consecutive stapled colonic anastomoses performed above the peritoneal reflection is analyzed. There were no mortalities and no evidence of anastomotic leaks in our series. With proper attention to the usual tenets of good colonic surgery and knowledge of the limitations of the stapling instruments, stapling colonic anastomoses is a safe technique. PMID- 7008742 TI - Comparison of stapled and hand-sutured gastrectomies. AB - We reviewed 585 Billroth II gastrectomies to compare the results of stapled and hand-sutured cases. In 385 patients who had the duodenal stump handled by conventional methods, 18 (4.7%) leaked, compared with four (2.5%) leaks in 160 patients who had the duodenal stump stapled. In 474 hand-sutured anastomoses, there were 12 complications (leaks, hemorrhage, or obstruction), whereas there were no complications in 71 stapled anastomoses. We conclude that stapling provides an expedient way of performing gastrectomies that is at least as safe if not safer than conventional hand suture. PMID- 7008745 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene for microarterial prosthetic grafts. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts can successfully be used as a microvascular prosthetic grafting material in rats with patency results of 90%. There was not a significant difference between patency percentages obtained with the PTFE grafts in comparison with autologous vein grafts. Excellent patency was achieved at 40 days for all of the interposition grafts in this study. Aspirin and dipyridamole did not improve patency. PMID- 7008746 TI - Renal cortical levels of adenosine triphosphate: restoration after prolonged ischemia by in situ perfusion of ATP-MgCl2. AB - The metabolic consequences of low-temperature kidney preservation by pulsatile perfusion and cold storage were evaluated in canine kidneys by serial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determinations. Serial cortical ATP levels were determined (1) after optimal harvest, (2) after 60 minutes of warm ischemia, and (3) after 60 minutes of warm ischemia followed by an intra-aortic infusion of ATP-MgCl2. After 24 hours of preservation, cortical ATP levels were significantly greater when pulsatile perfusion was used-both after optimal harvest and after 60 minutes of warm ischemia. Cortical ATP levels were significantly greater at 24 hours in both perfused and cold-storage kidneys when an intra-aortic infusion of ATP-MgCl2 was used following ischemia. These results may explain the 24-hour limitation of cold storage as well as its inferior results following ischemia injury. Furthermore, since ATP is critical in cellular metabolism, the technique of intra-aortic ATP MgCl2 infusion warrants further investigation in the field of organ preservation. PMID- 7008747 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure. PMID- 7008749 TI - Constrictive pericarditis: a review. PMID- 7008748 TI - Effect of gemfibrozil on serum lipid levels. AB - A short term investigation of the effect of Gemfibrozil in 1200 mg daily doses has been carried out in a group of 20 Swedish males, 9 Lp[a+] and 11 Lp[a-]. The effect of 8 weeks of treatment upon serum lipids resembled those found in previous trials, with a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol. In this series, even VLDL cholesterol and apoB levels decreased significantly. With the apparent exception of HDL cholesterol, there was no suggestion that Lp[a+] individuals responded less well to treatment than did Lp[a-] individuals. PMID- 7008750 TI - [Expectoration of cerebrospinal fluid: an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt]. AB - A child, who had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunting, presented with repeated episodes of pneumonia and expectoration of CSF. Chest x-ray demonstrated the presence of the shunt catheter in the base of the left lung. In the present case the distal end of the catheter perforated the diaphragm, entering the thoracic cavity through the pleura and penetrating the pulmonary parenchyma. CSF then flowed freely into the alveoli and bronchi and became expectorated during repeated bouts of coughing associated with pneumonia. This respiratory complication disappeared after the removal of the catheter. We theorize that the penetration of the catheter into the thoracic cavity was secondary to its displacement from the iliac fossa to the left infradiaphragmatic space between the spleen and the diaphragm where the intra-abdominal pressure is lowest. The respiratory movements and the hypertension inside the abdomen created a constant friction of the catheter against the diaphragm which was finally perforated, permitting the passage of the peritoneal end of the shunting device into the thoracic cavity and secondary penetration of the lung. PMID- 7008751 TI - Salute to C. Miller Fisher. PMID- 7008752 TI - Ciliary body reattachment in ocular hypotony. AB - Ocular hypotony associated with detachment of the ciliary body without evident cyclodialysis has been corrected by reattachment of the ciliary body to the sclera. This was achieved by suturing the ciliary body to sclera under microscopic control. It would seem that prolonged hypotony of this type can be cured by this method. PMID- 7008753 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of human tear lysozyme. AB - Possible local sources of human tear lysozyme were investigated using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Lysozyme was identified in 20% to 50% of acinar and ductular epithelial cells of both main and accessory lacrimal glands. The staining was granular in character and confined to the apices of the cells. Cells that stained positive tended to be grouped. Interstitial tissues of main and accessory lacrimal tissues did not stain. Conjunctiva and all other ocular tissues examined were unstained by antilysozyme antisera. Our findings are compatible with lysozyme either being produced in lacrimal tissue or being concentrated from plasma. The absence of any other lysozyme-specific fluorescence in the interstitial elements of the lacrimal tissues supports the notion of local synthesis by acinar lacrimal tissue. PMID- 7008756 TI - Psychoacoustic study on the dependence of the TTS in the high-frequency range on the exposing frequency (150--500 cps). AB - When exposing a normal-hearing person to a low-frequency tone this results in two dips in the audiogram; the second one is of interest because it is in the range of the PTS. The amplitude of this dip is dependent on the exposing frequency: 200 cps causes significantly more TTS than 350 cps. The origin of this TTS is supposed to be in the cochlea. PMID- 7008755 TI - Free compound groin flap reconstruction of anterior mandibular defect. AB - The free compound groin flap has been used to reconstruct anterior mandibular defects in four patients. The bone grafts have remained viable despite being placed in irradiated and contaminated fields. Partial intraoral exposure of two of the bone grafts did not interfere with their viability. Positive technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate scanning, histology, and tetracycline labeling of the bony part of the composite flap indicate the maintenance of osseous viability without a transitory substitution phase for bone remodeling as seen in conventional bone grafts. Bone viability as it relates to blood supply of the free osteocutaneous groin flap is discussed. PMID- 7008757 TI - Experimental studies on specific immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). AB - The IgG fraction was isolated from the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and conjugated with ferritin or horseradish peroxidase. The conjugate was injected i.v. in nude mice on which transplanted nasopharyngeal carcinomas were growing. Electron-microscopic examination of the tissue revealed localization of the antibodies of the IgG class (VCA, EBNA) exclusively within the tumor cell association of NPC transplants, mainly on the outer cell membrane, on mitochondria of the cytoplasm, and on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility of conjugating such EBV-specific and thus NPC tumor cell-related antibodies with cytostatically active substances so as to convey the cytostatics directly to the tumor cells is discussed. PMID- 7008754 TI - Quantitative determination of T cells in ocular lymphoid infiltrates. An indirect method for distinguishing between pseudolymphomas and malignant lymphomas. AB - T lymphocytes may be identified by two comparatively simple techniques: sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette formation and cytochemically demonstrable acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. We tested the quantitative determination of T cells in 17 ocular lymphoid tumors as an indirect method for characterizing their clonality. Six lesions containing greater than 40% T cells (47% to 73%; mean, 62%) were shown to be polyclonal proliferations and were classified as pseudolymphomas by histologic criteria. Seven lesions containing less than 30% T cells (3% to 20%; mean, 10%) were shown to be monoclonal B-cell proliferations and were classified as malignant lymphomas by histologic criteria. Only two lesions containing between 30% and 40% T cells could not be unequivocally assigned to the monoclonal or polyclonal category solely based on the percentage of T cells. In the final two lesions, the tissue specimen was too small to allow a full panel of immunologic studies; both tumors showed a predominance of T cells consistent with their benign histologic features. PMID- 7008758 TI - Inner ear damage induced by bacterial endotoxin. AB - Repeated i.d. injection doses of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide of E. coli at certain time intervals were found to give rise to the following changes in the inner ear in mice: In the organ of Corti of the cochlea, there were noted degeneration and disappearance of the inner and outer hair cells of the lower turn, partly with a partial disappearance of nerve fibers in the osseous spiral lamina. Degenerative changes seen in the upper turn were of milder degree. The stria vascularis exhibited enlarged intercellular spaces, the appearance of lysosomes in the constituent cells, and degeneration thereof. Changes observed in the vestibular organ were varying degrees of degeneration of types I and II sensory cells of the crista ampullaris and macula as well as a partial disappearance of these cells. The dark cells were found to have undergone such changes as the formation of vacuoles of varying size and widened interspaces between infoldings, thus providing presumptive evidence of a change in the composition of the endolymph. These observations suggest the possibility that Shwartzman reaction might be another probable cause of inner ear deafness or equilibrium disturbances in actual clinical cases which are at present claimed to be of unknown etiology. PMID- 7008759 TI - Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid in urban and rural communities in Papua New Guinea. AB - Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were measured in 109 Melanesian residents of Port Moresby and 71 residents of a Papuan coastal village. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were low, mean cholesterol 3 . 74 and 3 . 70 mM/l and triglycerides 0 . 64 and 0 . 59 mM/l respectively in urban and rural residents, with no relation to age or sex. Uric acid was higher in urban men (0 . 37 mM/l) than either urban women (0 . 26 mM/l) or rural men and women (0 . 25 and 0 . 24 mM/l). The levels of plasma cholesterol found in this study are similar to previous reports on rural populations in Papua New Guinea. The apparent failure of plasma lipids to increase significantly in urbanised residents of port Moresby who had a significantly higher prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obesity is unexplained. PMID- 7008760 TI - Filarial chyluria associated glomerulonephritis and therapeutic considerations in the chyluric patient. AB - Two patients with chyluria who were successfully treated by surgical disconnection of the lymphatics from the renal pelvis are reported. One patient also had an associated glomerulonephritis, possibly secondary to filariasis. Although glomerulonephritis associated with filariasis has been reported previously the details of renal biopsies in man have included only light microscopic findings. In this patient immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies showed mesangial deposits of immunoglobulins and complement which suggests that glomerulonephritis in patients with filariasis may be an immune complex type. PMID- 7008761 TI - Colorectal cancer: the natural history of disseminated disease - a review. AB - The natural history of disseminated colorectal cancer has been reviewed with reference to its dissemination to the liver. The overall median survival rate of patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal primary cancer has been shown to vary from three to 11 months, with an average median survival of 7 months. Many patients survive for three years and some patients for more than ten years without any specific treatment. This may therefore form a basis for comparison of uncontrolled reports of prolongation of survival due to treatment. PMID- 7008763 TI - Australian surgeons and society. AB - Surgery and society are living entities, forever changing and evolving. The quality of the men who served them will never change. In this brief sketch I have traced a lineage of men - men of good heart - men who have mastered their craft - men who have applied it in accordance with the ancient tradition of helping those in need - men who matched their times and the leaders of Australian society. PMID- 7008762 TI - Colorectal cancer: the modern treatment of disseminated disease - a review. AB - Most patients who develop cancer of the large bowel will eventually develop recurrence and will therefore be considered for treatment of that recurrence. There exists very great confusion as to the efficacy of the various treatment options available. This review has attempted to evaluate critically the claim for therapeutic efficacy of the various treatment options, with particular regard to patients with liver metastases from primary tumours of the large bowel. A case can be made out for surgical removal of recurrent or disseminated colorectal cancer, but there is no evidence that any form of treatment other than total surgical excision will result in prolonged patient survival. All forms of treatment can be effective in palliating symptomatic patients. Therefore, with the exception of total surgical excision of recurrent tumour, treatment should be reserved for those patients with symptoms, and the choice of treatment offered should be weighed against possible side-effects. PMID- 7008767 TI - [An alloplastic scoliosis operation without postoperative use of a corset]. PMID- 7008765 TI - Aerospace Medical Association. Directory. PMID- 7008764 TI - Surgeons, physicians, and cardiology. AB - Recognizing that the Renaissance period in Western Europe was the intellectual ferment which triggered an explosive development of knowledge affecting all of the physical sciences. It was judged to be instructive to start from this point and then to advert to some of those persons and institutions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who and which in the area of cardiology have contributed to commonality of knowledge among both physicians and surgeons. These particular activities are used as epitomes to illustrate the thesis that, during that period, the previous unnatural breach in the corpus medicum between physicians and surgeons was in the process of being healed, a process which is still active and reaching its full flowering in our own day. It is concluded that medical knowledge and practice constitute a corporate whole and that historical developments in the special branch of cardiology during two recent centuries were a presage of that which is still being worked out in this twentieth century. PMID- 7008766 TI - [50 years of the Orthopedic Clinic of Karl Marx University of Leipzig]. PMID- 7008768 TI - [Current knowledge concerning pathogenicity of mammalian chlamydial strains for humans]. PMID- 7008770 TI - [Therapy of human mycoses. Drugs for systemic and topical treatment of fungal infections]. PMID- 7008771 TI - [Mechanism of action of imidazole fungicides]. PMID- 7008772 TI - [Mycoses in fishes--a review]. PMID- 7008769 TI - [Fungal diseases of domestic animals--a review]. PMID- 7008773 TI - [Efficiency of mycotoxicological tests]. PMID- 7008774 TI - [Temperature resistance of Cryptococcus neoformans--a contribution to epidemiology]. PMID- 7008775 TI - [Destruction of developmental stages of parasites in liquid manure]. PMID- 7008776 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals--occurrence, diagnosis, and hygienic importance]. PMID- 7008778 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida. AB - Seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida) inhabit piles of decaying seaweed on the seashore. All populations so far studied have been found to be polymorphic at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (Adh). This article reports an attempt to identify some of the forces of natural selection that may be maintaining this polymorphism First, the genetic determination of the rather complex isozyme system is described. Several inbred lines homozygous at the Adh locus were derived and the biochemical properties of their allozymes compared. Significant differences in both specific activities and thermal stabilities were found between ADH allozymes. A simple experiment is reported in which individuals with different Adh genotypes were cultured in competition with each other in the presence of elevated levels of ethanol. Although the presence of ethanol resulted in greater mortality, there is no evidence that it was selective with respect to the Adh genotypes. The possible relevance of these results to the maintenance of the Adh polymorphism is discussed. PMID- 7008779 TI - Deficient metabolic utilization of hydrogen peroxide in Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase system, an alternative pathway for metabolic utilization of H2O2 [Chance, Sies & Boveris (1979) Physiol. Rev. 59, 527-605], was investigated in Trypanosoma cruzi, an organism lacking catalase and deficient in peroxidase [Boveris & Stoppani (1977) Experientia 33, 1306 1308]. The presence of glutathione (4.9 +/- 0.7 nmol of reduced glutathione/10(8) cells) and NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (5.3 +/- 0.4 munit/10(8) cells) was demonstrated in the cytosolic fraction of the parasite, but with H2O2 as substrate glutathione peroxidase activity could not be demonstrated in the same extracts. With t-butyl hydroperoxide or cumene hydroperoxide as substrate, a very low NADPH-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was detected (equivalent to 0.3-0.5 munit of peroxidase/10(8) cells, or about 10% of glutathione reductase activity). Blank reactions of the glutathione peroxidase assay (non-enzymic oxidation of glutathione by hydroperoxides and enzymic oxidation of NADPH) hampered accurate measurement of peroxidase activity. The presence of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in, as well as the absence of catalase from, epimastigote extracts was confirmed. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was cyanide-sensitive and heat-labile, but no activity could be demonstrated with diaminobenzidine, pyrogallol or guaiacol as electron donor. The summarized results support the view that T. cruzi epimastigotes lack an adequate enzyme defence against H2O2 and H2O2-related free radicals. PMID- 7008777 TI - [Comparative studies of cultural demonstration of mastitis streptococci in Udder Health Service]. PMID- 7008781 TI - A possible mechanism for the anti-ketogenic action of alanine in the rat. AB - 1. The anti-ketogenic effect of alanine has been studied in normal starved and diabetic rats by infusing l-alanine for 90min in the presence of somatostatin (10mug/kg body wt. per h) to suppress endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion. 2. Infusion of alanine at 3mmol/kg body wt. per h caused a 70+/-11% decrease in [3-hydroxybutyrate] and a 58+/-9% decrease in [acetoacetate] in 48h-starved rats. [Glucose] and [lactate] increased, but [non-esterified fatty acid], [glycerol] and [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] were unchanged. 3. Infusion of alanine at 1mmol/kg body wt. per h caused similar decreases in [ketone body] (3 hydroxybutyrate plus acetoacetate) in 24h-starved normal and diabetic rats, but no change in other blood metabolites. 4. Alanine [3mmol/kg body wt. per h] caused a 72+/-9% decrease in the rate of production of ketone bodies and a 57+/-8% decrease in disappearance rate as assessed by [3-(14)C]acetoacetate infusion. Metabolic clearance was unchanged, indicating that the primary effect of alanine was inhibition of hepatic ketogenesis. 5. Aspartate infusion at 6mmol/kg body wt. per h had similar effects on blood ketone-body concentrations in 48h-starved rats. 6. Alanine (3mmol/kg body wt. per h) caused marked increases in hepatic glutamate, aspartate, malate, lactate and citrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 2 phosphoglycerate and glucose concentrations and highly significant decreases in [3-hydroxybutyrate] and [acetoacetate]. Calculated [oxaloacetate] was increased 75%. 7. Similar changes in hepatic [malate], [aspartate] and [ketone bodies] were found after infusion of 6mmol of aspartate/kg body wt. per h. 8. It is suggested that the anti-ketogenic effect of alanine is secondary to an increase in hepatic oxaloacetate and hence citrate formation with decreased availability of acetyl CoA for ketogenesis. The reciprocal negative-feedback cycle of alanine and ketone bodies forms an important non-hormonal regulatory system. PMID- 7008780 TI - Insulin action and binding in isolated hepatocytes from fasted, streptozotocin diabetic, and older, spontaneously obese rats. AB - Insulin binding and basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid were measured in isolated hepatocytes from young control rats as well as from older spontaneously obese, 72h-starved, and nonketotic streptozotocin diabetic rats. Isolated hepatocytes from older spontaneously obese rats are similar to those from younger smaller rats in size, maximal insulin responsiveness, the dose-response relationship for insulin-stimulated aminoisobutyrate uptake, and the number and affinity of insulin receptors. Hepatocytes from 72h-fasted rats have similar numbers of insulin receptors per cell as cells from young control animals, but are significantly smaller, have an enhanced basal rate of aminoisobutyrate uptake, and are insulin resistant with regard to maximal insulin-stimulated uptake of aminoisobutyrate at 0.1mm aminoisobutyrate. Because of the decreased maximal response to insulin, the concentration of insulin that elicits a half-maximal response of aminoisobutyrate uptake is decreased. Hepatocytes from diabetic animals, like those from starved rats, have significantly greater basal rates of aminoisobutyrate uptake; whereas the maximal absolute insulin response is the same as control cells, the percentage response is smaller. These cells bind significantly more insulin than do control cells. The increase in insulin binding is reflected in a shift to the left of the dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated uptake of aminoisobutyrate. These studies indicate that there is no insulin resistance with regard to uptake of aminoisobutyrate in hepatocytes from older obese rats. Furthermore, the insulin resistance observed in hepatocytes from starved rats occurs despite an increase in the number of receptors per unit surface area and cannot be explained by alterations in the interaction between insulin and its receptor. The enhanced insulin binding per unit surface area, however, is reflected in the shift to the left of the dose-response curve for insulin. This is also true for hepatocytes from diabetic animals, in which insulin binding per cell is increased. PMID- 7008782 TI - Some studies on the composition and surface properties of oil bodies from the seed cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and linseed (Linum ustatissimum). AB - 1. The average oil-body diameter in intact cells of developing linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cotyledons was similar (about 1.4 micrometer), and there was little change in size after oil bodies were isolated and repeatedly washed. 2. The glycerolipid composition of washed oil bodies from both developing and mature cotyledons of the two species was similar; oil bodies from ten different batches of cotyledons contained 4.3 +/- 0.16 mumol of 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine and 25.2 +/- 1.7 mumol of diacylglycerol per 1000 mumol of triacylglycerol. During four successive washings of a once-washed oil body preparation, the proportion of diacylglycerol to triacylglycerol remained constant and that of 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine to triacylglycerol decreased by only 20%. 3. The protein content of thrice-washed oil bodies from the two species was similar, about 2.4% of the weight of glycerolipids, and appeared to be independent of the stage of cotyledon maturity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that the protein of purified oil bodies from the two species consisted mainly of only four polypeptides and that two of the polypeptides from each species had apparent mol.wts. of 17500 and 15500. Similar patterns of polypeptides were obtained after the hydrolysis of the 15500-mol.wt. polypeptides from linseed and safflower oil bodies by Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, whereas the proteolysis of the 17500-mol.wt. polypeptides from the two species produced different patterns of polypeptides. 4. The 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine in oil-body preparations was hydrolysed about 85% by bee-venom phospholipase A2 without any apparent coalescence of the oil bodies. Incubation with lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus caused rapid coalescence of the oil bodies, and this lipase appeared to initially hydrolyse diacylglycerols in preference to triacylglycerol. 5. Oil bodies from both species were almost completely dispersed in suspensions of pH between 7.1 and 8.3, but formed large aggregates at pH values between 6.7 and 3.9; pH-induced aggregation caused no coalescence. Aggregates formed under acidic conditions were dispersed by re-adjusting the pH of suspensions to 8.3. 6. A freeze-etch electron microscopic examination of isolated oil bodies indicated that these organelles were bounded by some form of membrane with a particle-free outer surface. PMID- 7008783 TI - Insulin stimulates synthesis of soluble proteins in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The incorporation of [3H]leucine into soluble cellular protein was measured in isolated hepatocytes at extracellular leucine concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 20.0 mM. Insulin caused a 12--15% stimulation of [3H]leucine incorporation in the presence of high extracellular leucine concentrations. It is concluded that insulin causes a small but significant increase in the rate of hepatic protein synthesis. PMID- 7008785 TI - Ribosomal resistance to the 12,13-epoxytrichothecene antibiotics in the producing organism Myrothecium verrucaria. AB - An extract of Myrothecium verrucaria, a fungus which produces a range of 12,13 epoxytrichothecene toxins, was found to be resistant to T-2 toxin, one of its products. The epoxytrichothecenes are inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis and normally bind to the 60S ribosomal subunit so as to inhibit peptidyltransferase activity. Ribosomes from M. verrucaria contain 60S subunits which are not subject to inhibition by T-2 toxin and are also resistant to certain other drugs such as anisomycin and homoharringtonine, but not sparsomycin or cycloheximide. PMID- 7008787 TI - Occurrence of proteinase A isoinhibitors in wild type yeast strains and commercial baker's yeast. PMID- 7008784 TI - Changes in the surface membrane during myoblast fusion. AB - 1. During fusion of chick-embryo myoblasts in culture, the surface membrane is affected as follows. Uptake of 2-aminoisobutyrate and 2-deoxyglucose, each of which is concentrated 20-fold relative to its concentration in the medium, is unaltered; uptake of alpha-methyl glucoside and choline (15 mM), each of which equilibrates relative to its concentration in the medium, approximately doubles. An approximate doubling also occurs in iodinatable surface protein (and in total protein) and in cell surface area as judged by light-microscopy. Adenylate cyclase (in the absence or the presence of fluoride) increases by more than 2 fold. 2. It is concluded that, during myoblast fusion cells increase in size, and this is reflected in an increased rate of simple diffusion; the rate of facilitated processes such as the uptake of amino acids and sugars, on the other hand, remains unaltered, though the activity of certain enzymes is increased. These results indicate that specific changes in the function of surface membrane occur during myoblast fusion in vitro. PMID- 7008789 TI - Isopycnography of intact cells - III: concentration of ribosomes in Escherichia coli versus growth rate. PMID- 7008788 TI - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and mycoplasmal lipoglycans: a comparison between their abilities to induce macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing and Limulus amebocyte lysate clotting. PMID- 7008790 TI - Studies on the bioactivity of radiolabeled, highly-purified bovine thyrotropin. PMID- 7008786 TI - Triazine dyes, a new class of affinity labels for nucleotide-dependent enzymes. AB - A number of reactive dichlorotriazine dyes specifically and irreversibly inactivate pig heart lactate dehydrogenase, yeast glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and yeast hexokinase at sites competitive with NAD+, NADP+, and ATP respectively. Monochlorotriazine dyes, including Cibacron Blue F3G-A, do not inactivate lactate dehydrogenase but display high affinity and thus inhibit the inactivation by dichlorotriazine dyes. These data are interpreted in terms of the ability of nucleotide-binding enzymes to bind polysulphonated aromatic chromophores. PMID- 7008791 TI - Amino acid sequence and location of the three glycopeptides in the Fc region of human immunoglobulin D. PMID- 7008792 TI - Demethylation of O6-methylguanine in a synthetic DNA polymer by an inducible activity in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7008793 TI - Acute effect of thyrotropin on phosphatidylinositol degradation and transient accumulation of diacylglycerol in isolated thyroid follicles. PMID- 7008794 TI - Rapid degradation of newly synthesized collagen by primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7008795 TI - Oxytocin biotransformation in the rat limbic brain: chemical characterization of two oxytocin fragments and proposed pathway for oxytocin conversion. PMID- 7008796 TI - Inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis by a limited tryptic digest of ricin, the toxin of Ricinus communis L. seeds. PMID- 7008797 TI - Conversion of des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin by brain synaptic membrane associated peptidases: identification of generated peptide fragments. PMID- 7008798 TI - Lymphocytotoxicity of anti-Klebsiella antisera in ankylosing spondylitis and related arthropathies: patient and family studies. PMID- 7008800 TI - Ineffectiveness of levamisole in systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled trial. AB - Twenty-six patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus partially controlled by prednisone 30 mg daily or less were randomly selected to receive levamisole 150 mg weekly or placebo. Many patients showed increased disease activity over the 6-month trial period, and most required increased steroid dosage. Those on levamisole did no better than those on placebo. PMID- 7008799 TI - Prednisone and azathioprine for polymyositis: long-term followup. AB - Two groups of patients with polymyositis have been followed for approximately 3 years. One group was treated with prednisone alone and the other with prednisone plus azathioprine. Although the polymyositis of both groups has improved, no statistically significant difference was noted at the end of 3 months, as previously reported. Longer followup, however, has shown that the group given prednisone plus azathioprine has improved more with respect to functional disability; this group also requires less prednisone for disease control. PMID- 7008801 TI - Treatment of Behcet's syndrome with levamisole. AB - The clinical response to levamisole in 11 patients with complete Behcet's syndrome was reviewed. Nine patients responded, 3 completely and 6 partially, with reduction in the number and severity of buccal and genital lesions. In 3 patients each, ocular inflammation and gastrointestinal involvement responded to levamisole, and in 1 patient neurologic status improved. Levamisole was purposely discontinued in 3 patients to assess its true role in disease control. Each patient experienced a flare. Reintroduction of therapy controlled the flare in all cases, although 1 patient subsequently relapsed while continuing therapy. Two patients failed to respond. Side effects necessitated permanent discontinuation of the drug in 2 respondent patients, but in no case did neutropenia or agranulocytosis develop. These preliminary results suggest that levamisole may be useful in the therapy of the various manifestations of Behcet's syndrome and that a controlled prospective study is indicated. PMID- 7008802 TI - Functional renal involvement in normotensive patients with progressive systemic sclerosis: impaired sodium excretion during isotonic saline infusion. AB - An intravenous infusion of 2,000 ml isotonic saline was performed in 8 normotensive, normoreninemic patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. None of them had clinical evidence of renal disease. Total and proximal fractional excretion of sodium was reduced when compared with that of 8 normal subjects. No correlation was found with para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance values. Two years after this study was done, 4 patients developed arterial hypertension; interestingly, plasma renin activity remained within the normal range. Reduced sodium excretion is suggested as having a pathogenetic role in the hypertension of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7008803 TI - Septic arthritis due to Nocardia asteroides after successful kidney transplantation. PMID- 7008805 TI - Clinical supervision: the state of the art. Part II. PMID- 7008804 TI - Twenty-fourth rheumatism review. Review of the American and English literature for the years 1977 and 1978. Prepared by the Rheumatism Review Subcommittee of the American Rheumatism Association, Section of the Arthritis Foundation. PMID- 7008807 TI - Renin as a risk factor for atherogenesis. Effects of hypercholesterolemia and two kidney--one-clip hypertension in the rabbit. AB - Four groups of New Zealand rabbits were used to study the effect of plasma renin activity (PRA) on atherogenesis. Control groups were fed normal rabbit chow (Group I) or chow supplemented with 0.25% cholesterol and 0.75% corn oil (Group II). The two-kidney--one-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive model was produced in 2 additional groups; Group III (normal diet) and Group IV (atherogenic diet). The latter 2 groups were subgrouped according to PRA levels. Each group was examined over a 7-month period. Group II became hyperlipidemic and developed extensive lipoidal vascular lesions. Mean arterial pressure remained normal throughout the experimental period; PRA fell below normal. Group III and Group IV rabbits developed sustained hypertension irrespective of circulating PRA. The atheromas of Group III were predominantly microscopic and fibromuscular; the extent of aortic and coronary artery involvement was independent of renin response. The most extensive and complicated atheromas were seen in the 2K-1C rabbits consuming the atherogenic diet (Group IV). The lesions were mostly lipoidal, although some were fibromuscular. These results demonstrated that cardiovascular lesions and atherogenesis were exacerbated in the 2K-1C rabbits on a high cholesterol diet; however, PRA was excluded as the cause. PMID- 7008808 TI - [Severe disability of the hand caused by sequelae of osteomyelitis of the forearm during childhood. Analysis of 10 cases]. PMID- 7008806 TI - The effects of altered thyroid status on lipid metabolism in the genetic hyperlipemic Zucker rat. AB - Exposure to thyroid hormone (T4) has been known to affect the plasma triglyceride (TG) as well as the plasma cholesterol level, but the mechanisms and degree of response in genetic hyperlipidemic states have not been defined. In the present study, we examined TG secretion and removal in vivo in genetically hyperlipemic Zucker rats maintained in hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid states for 6 weeks. The induction of the hypothyroid state resulted in marked weight loss with reduced food intake, and a parallel reduction in plasma TG concentration, hepatic TG production, and peripheral TG removal. In contrast, a similar degree of weight loss in the hyperthyroid state was associated with increased food intake, but no significant reduction in plasma TG concentration, production, or clearance. The changes in plasma cholesterol concentration in the hyperthyroid state were striking, with a 94% reduction in LDL cholesterol, but only a minimal reduction in the HDL cholesterol level. The hypercholesterolemic state in the Zucker rat. The results suggest that the very low density lipoprotein TG metabolism is influenced by hypothyroid but not the hyperthyroid state in this model of human genetic Type IV hyperlipemia. The primary reduction in LDL relative to HDL in response to thyroxine excess, suggests a therapeutic potential in disorders of genetic hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7008809 TI - [Present views of lymphocyte growth and differentiation]. AB - In recent years, a large body of information has been accumulated on the origin and differentiation of lymphocytes. According to the present state of knowledge, their ontogeny can be outlined as follows: the pluripotent stem cell originates the lymphatic progenitors, which undergo a series of differentiation events within the microenvironment of the primary lymphatic organs (bone marrow and thymus). Thus lymphatic precursors appear, which finally give rise to mature T- and B-lymphocytes. These events are accompanied by distinct changes in cell markers, mostly surface markers, which have been clearly documented. Some controversy does exist as to whether T and B lineages stem from a common lymphatic progenitor, since recent evidence suggests that B lymphocytes, but not the T, might share a common progenitor with myeloid lineages (hemocytoblast). T cell maturation starts in the thymic cortex, and under the influence of the soluble thymic factor(s) it progresses in the several post-thymic locations, until final maturation. This process goes from immature (To) to semi-mature (T1) and mature (T2) lymphocytes, these latter mostly characterized by the absence of TdT and by the property to form E-rosettes with SRBC and respond to mitogens. Circulating mature T-lymphocytes display a considerable degree of heterogeneity in terms of functional properties; in this way, various T-subpopulations have been identified on the ground of recognized different properties. The sequence of maturational events of B-lineage takes place within the bursa-equivalent sites. This includes an antigen-independent stage with early B precursors (B0 - B1 - B2), and an antigen-driven maturational phase which actually produces the plasma cells. Among the early B-precursors (B-virgin population), memory cells arise following the antigenic stimulation. Also at that stage, B-cells are highly susceptible to tolerance induction. B-circulating lymphocytes are mainly characterized by S-Ig, Fc receptors, and complement receptors. PMID- 7008810 TI - [Immunofluorescence studies on HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis in children. Correlation with the clinical pattern]. AB - The results obtained in a study of liver biopsies from children affected by different forms of chronic hepatitis during an immunodepressive treatment, accomplished by means of immunofluorescence are summarized. The different antigens correlated to B virus, localized in the nuclei (core and delta), the immunological phenomena observed in the tissue (immunoglobulins and immunocomplexes) and in serum (autoantibodies) have been investigated. The presence of HBcAg, looking finely granular, has been found in 77% of cases of CAH, similar to that found in adults. Delta Ag has been found only in 29% of cases, in the nuclei, like core Ag, but nuclei were more large and not homogeneous. The 2 antigens could be found also in the same patient, differently from adults. The absence of the two antigens has a good prognostic significance; the presence of delta antigen has on the contrary a bad prognostic meaning; the persistence of core antigen under immunodepressive treatment may correspond to a tolerance against antigen. Immunoglobulins and/or immunocomplexes, binding complement, were found in 69% of cases. The fluorescence can be found in different patterns: nuclear, due to immunocomplexes of HBV and antibodies penetrated through impaired membranes; of hepatocyte membranes, linear, probably against auto-antigens (lipoproteins liver-specific) or neo-antigens induced by the virus; in inflammatory cells (K-cells or phagocytic monocytes); or scattered granular, may be from non-eliminated immunocomplexes. Autoantibodies in serum, tested on autologous substrates, were present in 97% of cases, in prevalence antinuclear or against hepatocytary membranes, but also against cytoplasmatic components. Important variations exist between the different forms, both as for what concerns the morphological patterns and the intensity of the reactions. A statement about the severity and the evolution of the disease, with prognostic implication could be hypothetically made in the future, after further studies. PMID- 7008811 TI - [Functional relationships between plasma renin activity and hemodynamic indices in essential arterial hypertension]. AB - Vasoconstriction-volume analysis postulates that arteriolar vasoconstriction is the mechanism of blood pressure elevation in patients with "high-renin" essential hypertension while a volume expanded state with relatively dilated arterioles sustains "low renin" essential hypertension. To test this hypothesis we carried out hemodynamic and PRA studies in 43 essential hypertensives. Cardiac index was directly related to PRA (r=0,41; p less than 0,01), by contrast, peripheral vascular resistances and plasma volume were unrelated to PRA. The data do not support the bipolar hypothesis since vasoconstriction and volume expansion are associated with unpredictable changes in PRA. The direct relationship between CI and PRA may be interpreted as the result of a common factor (presumably sympathetic nervous system) governing both functions. PMID- 7008812 TI - [Lack of interference by carbamylcholine on the renin-angiotensin system thirst mechanism]. AB - The thirst mechanism by carbamylcholine and the possible interactions with the renin-angiotensin system have been investigated. Rats placed in metabolic cages in order to measure the drunk water and the emitted urine were used. Carbamylcholine has been injected together with captopril, an inhibitor of the enzyme converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II, and with propranolol, which blocks the renin beta-receptors respectively. When given in combination with these substances, the thirst by carbamylcholine was not reduced; this result does not favour the hypothesis of a role of the renin-angiotensin system. On the contrary, the thirst by carbamylcholine seems to be due to a vasomotor action. These results confirm the hypothesis that an unbalance between the blood circulating mass and the venous vessels underlies the regulation of the thirst. PMID- 7008813 TI - [Antiparkinsonian drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008814 TI - [Chemistry and biochemistry of peroxides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008815 TI - Left ventricular fibre architecture in man. AB - In order to investigate the possibility of regional variation of ventricular structure, 25 normal postmortem human hearts were studied by inspection of cavity shape and subepicardial fibre orientation, by dissection, and by the histology of sections in two orthogonal planes. Ventricular architecture was complex. Inlet and outlet long axes were separated by 30 degrees in the left ventricle. In the right the corresponding figure was 90 degrees. The thickest part of the left ventricular wall was at the base. At the apex there was potential endo- and epicardial continuity. Left ventricular cavity shape departed significantly from any simple geometric figure, there being, consistently, regions of both positive and negative curvature on the diaphragmatic aspect. The presence of trabeculae caused considerable variation in wall thickness. Striking variation was found in the arrangement of subepicardial muscle fibres. Most pronounced was the contrast between the longitudinal arrangement of fibres observed on the oblique margin and the circumferential arrangement of those on the acute. On the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle, fibres near the crux and apex ran circumferentially while those between ran obliquely; those on the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle also ran circumferentially. Deeper in the myocardium the arrangement was simpler. In the mid-wall of the left ventricle fibres were circumferential, best developed towards the base and in the upper part of the septum. Near the apex of the left ventricle and in the mid-wall of the right ventricle such fibres were sparse. The subendocardial region consisted of longitudinally directed fibres forming the trabeculae and papillary muscles, while fibres deep to and between the trabeculae coursed more obliquely. These findings were confirmed by histology. Models based on uniform myocardial fibre structure cannot explain wall movement in normal subjects, and are likely to have significant limitations if used to investigated left ventricular function in disease. PMID- 7008816 TI - Endocrine and metabolic changes during surgery: anaesthetic implications. PMID- 7008817 TI - The scientific basis of nutritional assessment. PMID- 7008818 TI - A new approach to artificial expansion and ventilation of the lung in the severely asphyxiated neonate. AB - In severe asphyxia, expansion of the newborn lung must precede ventilation by intermittent positive pressure. Inadequate expansion may lead to hypoxia and excessive expansion to rupture of the lung. The only way in which a predetermined pressure can be achieved, and not exceeded in the alveoli, is by applying that pressure at the mouth and waiting until all flow ceases. Applying pressure in this way and increasing it according to a "staircase" pattern, with appropriate steps at suitable intervals, should ensure that the maximum pressure produced in the alveoli is no greater than the minimum necessary for resuscitation in each individual infant. On the basis of published work, ranges of optimum values for the increments and time intervals are suggested. Clinical judgement is still necessary to select from within these ranges, but this "pressure staircase" method should provide a systematic approach to the problem. A suitable apparatus is described. PMID- 7008819 TI - Effect of baricity on spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. AB - In a double-blind study of spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml with no glucose, 5% glucose or 8% glucose all three solutions gave consistently good nerve blocks. The hyperbaric solutions (5% and 8% glucose) produced a greater cephalad spread and were suitable for lower abdominal surgery, whereas the plain solution (no glucose) seldom affected the thoracic nerves. Cardiovascular changes were more marked with the hyperbaric solutions but only necessitated treatment on two occasions. The duration of block was not affected by baricity and was in the range 140-160 min. PMID- 7008820 TI - The origins of the drug-free therapeutic community. PMID- 7008822 TI - Attenuation by SQ 14,255 (captopril) of the vascular response to noradrenaline in the rate isolated kidney. PMID- 7008821 TI - Azatadine maleate in perennial allergic rhinitis: effects on clinical symptoms and choice reaction time. AB - 1 The efficacy of the antihistamine azatadine maleate at maximum recommended dosage (4 mg/day) for 1 week was assessed relative to placebo in a double-blind crossover study of twenty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 2 Sixteen patients reported significant improvement in their clinical symptoms while taking the active drug. 3 The size of skin test weals for both histamine provocation and common inhalant allergens (prick test) diminished significantly after the azatadine treatment. There was no correlation between inhibition of skin reactions and symptom improvement. 4 Eight subjects reported sedative effects attributable to azatadine maleate. Their performance on a choice reaction to placebo occurred in the non-sedated group. PMID- 7008823 TI - Lymphocytes and haemopoiesis. PMID- 7008824 TI - Immunofluorescent studies of the uteroplacental arteries in normal pregnancy. AB - Immunofluorescent studies were performed on placental bed biopsies from 27 normal pregnancies. Uteroplacental arteries were present in 26 of the 27 biopsies and all showed deposition of fibrin in relation to the fibrinoid layer within the vessel wall; 12 also showed deposition of C3. Interstitial fibrinoid deposits also stained positively with fibrin. There was no deposition of immunoglobulins within the arterial changes nor in association with intramural or interstitial trophoblast. This study indicates that fibrin is a significant contributor to the fibrinoid layer within the uteroplacental arteries, and suggests that the presence of bound C3 is due to the activation of the complement system by fibrinogenesis. There was no evidence that the humoral immune response was involved in the aetiology of the physiological changes in the uteroplacental arteries. PMID- 7008825 TI - Vaginal bleeding disturbances associated with the discontinuation of long-acting injectable contraceptives. From the World Health Organization Special Programme for Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction; Task Force on Long-acting Systemic Agents for the Regulation of Fertility. AB - A randomized comparative trial of 832 women receiving norethisterone oenanthate (NET-OEN) and 846 women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections at 12 week intervals was conducted in 10 centers. The pregnancy rate with NET-OEN was significantly higher than with DMPA. The termination rate for amenorrhoea was substantially lowe with NET-OEN than DMPA, whereas the discontinuation rates for bleeding problems were similar with the two drugs. Analysis of bleeding patterns among continuing and discontinuing users suggests that women tolerated frequent bleeding episodes, but found prolonged bleeding or prolonged bleeding-free intervals unacceptable. Bleeding for more than 30 days during an injection interval and complete amenorrhoea for a whole injection interval were jointly associated with 43.7% of all terminations among NET-OEN users and 64.5% of all terminations among DMPA users. In future efforts to improve the acceptability of long-acting injectable contraceptives, more attention should be given to the control of prolonged amenorrhoea and prolonged bleeding. PMID- 7008826 TI - Isabella Leitch (1890-1980). PMID- 7008827 TI - Serum thymic hormone activity in genetically-obese mice. AB - 1. Serum thymic hormone was assayed in genetically-obese (C57B1/6J ob/ob) mice and lean controls (+/+, +/-) of the same strain. 2. The thymic hormone activity was higher in the majority of the obese animals compared with non-obese mice. 3. The number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen expressed as a proportion of the total mononuclear cells was increased in the obese mice. 4. It is suggested that obesity is associated with significant changes in the thymic hormone levels which may alter the relative proportion of lymphocyte subsets and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7008828 TI - Production of biologically active N alpha-desacetylthymosin alpha 1 in Escherichia coli through expression of a chemically synthesized gene. AB - Thymosin alpha 1, an immune restorative polypeptide hormone, was synthesized in Escherichia coli by using recombinant DNA cloning techniques. Based on the known amino acid sequence, a gene coding for the thymosin alpha 1 polypeptide chain was designed and enzymatically assembled from chemically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotide fragments. The gene was ligated into plasmid pBR322 and placed under lac operon control, and N alpha-desacetylthymosin alpha 1 was expressed as part of a beta-galactosidase chimeric protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of this protein gave a mixture of polypeptides, among which thymosin alpha 1 activity was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The E. coli product is identical with native thymosin alpha 1 isolated from calf thymus in the amino acid sequence but lacks the N-terminal acetyl group. Results of a guinea pig migration inhibition factor (MIF) assay, a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay, and radioimmunoassay indicate that the N alpha desacetylthymosin alpha 1 produced by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cloning techniques has biological activity equivalent to that of the native hormone. PMID- 7008829 TI - Determination of interactive thiol ionizations in bovine serum albumin, glutathione, and other thiols by potentiometric difference titration. AB - A potentiometric difference titration (PDT) method is used to study the ionization behavior of the thiol group in bovine serum albumin and in the following less complex compounds: glutathione, cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3 mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine, cis-2-mercaptocyclobutylamine, 2 aminothiophenol, and 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid. In the PDT method the pH dependence of the amount of protons released in the reaction RSH + CH3SO2SCH3 leads to RSSCH3 + CH3SO2- + H+ is measured in order to obtain the pH dependence of the molar proton content of the thiol (hu) relative to the molar proton content of its methylthio derivative (hm). The pH dependence of hu--hm reflects the ionization behavior of the thiol group and of other groups whose ionization is thermodynamically linked to that of the thiol group. Data presented here indicate that the ionization behavior of the single thiol group in albumin is strikingly different in the native and the urea-denatured proteins. Three ionizable groups appear to affect ionization of the thiol in the native protein whereas only one group appears to affect ionization of the thiol in the urea denatured protein. Furthermore, the measured PDT curves are consistent with an abnormally high acidity (pK less than 5) for the thiol in native albumin and a normal acidity for the thiol in the urea-denatured protein. Comparisons of microscopic ionization constants determined for cysteine by using the PDT method with those determined by other methods indicate that the PDT method should be useful in characterizing the ionization behavior of thiol groups in proteins and other polyprotic substances. PMID- 7008830 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate induced alterations in glucocorticoid receptor metabolism by proteases. PMID- 7008832 TI - Chromatographic resolution of insulin receptor from insulin-sensitive D-glucose transporter of adipocyte plasma membranes. PMID- 7008831 TI - Glycyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast. Interconversion between active and inactive forms of the enzyme. AB - Glycyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast has been purified to homogeneity. This synthetase was found to be very sensitive to proteases present in the yeast extracts and to oxidizing agents of thiol groups. In the absence of protease inhibitors and/or dithioerythritol, the enzyme rapidly lost its activity and could not be isolated. The use of these protectors allowed us to obtain different oligomeric structures of the synthetase. In the presence of a minimal concentration of dithioerythritol but in the absence of protease inhibitors, a tetrameric glycyl-tRNA synthetase of the alpha 2 beta 2 type (alpha = 67 600, beta = 57 500) with a very low specific activity was recovered. With high concentrations of both protectors, a dimeric enzyme was isolated with a specific activity comparable to that for other yeast synthetases. The enzyme was of the alpha 2 type where alpha = 70 000--80 000 daltons, depending on whether phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or diisopropyl fluorophosphate was used as the protecting agent. The native form of the enzyme (alpha 2 = 160 000) associated easily with other proteins in various complexes of molecular weights from 250 000 to 300 000, some of them containing valyl-tRNA synthetase. The dimeric glycyl tRNA synthetase was found in equilibrium with its subunits. Diluting the enzyme solution or increasing the salt concentration displaced the equilibrium toward the monomers, which are catalytically inactive for both the tRNA aminoacylation and the PPi-ATP exchange reactions. Addition of both tRNAGly and ATP.MgCl2 plus glycine displaced the equilibrium toward the dimeric form of the enzyme. Thiol groups were found to be involved in the association between the two subunits and in both activities of the synthetase. The results are interpreted in the light of possible regulatory mechanisms of the activity of this synthetase. PMID- 7008833 TI - Esterification of terminal phosphate groups in nucleic acids with sorbitol and its application to the isolation of terminal polynucleotide fragments. AB - The exposure of mono- and polynucleotides to 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide and high concentrations of sorbitol results in the esterification of their monosubstituted phosphate groups. The presence of the sorbitol moiety permits these derivatives to bind strongly at pH 8.7 to columns of chromatographic supports containing the dihydroxyboryl group and to be subsequently released by elution with buffers at pH 5.5. The procedure constitutes a method for the isolation of polynucleotide fragments arising from the terminals of nucleic acids. A new method for the preparation of the chromatographic supports involves the synthesis of the 1,3-propanediol cyclic ester of m-[[3-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)propanoyl]amino]benzeneboronic acid and its condensation with aminoethylcellulose or amino-ethylpolyacrylamide. The reagent is readily prepared by reaction of N-[m (dihydroxyboryl)phenyl)]succinamic acid with 1,3-propanediol to protect the boronate moiety followed by esterification with N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. PMID- 7008834 TI - Resolution of aromatic resonances in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of transfer ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7008835 TI - Stereochemical control of ribosomal peptidyltransferase reaction. Role of amino acid side-chain orientation of acceptor substrate. AB - The substrate specificity of the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase of Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes was investigated in the fMet-tRNA.A-U-G.70S ribosome and AcPhe-tRNA.poly(U).70S ribosome systems by using a series of 2'- and 3'-aminoacyldinucleoside phosphates as acceptors. These chemically synthesized compounds are analogues of the 3' termini of either 2'(3')-, 2'-, or 3'-aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acids (AA-tRNAs) of the types C-A-aa, C-2'-dA-aa, C-3'-dA aa, C-3'-dA-3'-NH-aa, and C-2'-dA-2'-NH-aa (aa = Phe, D-Phe, Lys, Leu, Ala, Glu, Pro, Gly, Asp, Met, and alpha-aminoisobutyryl). It was found that the 3' aminoacyl derivatives of optically active amino acids are much better acceptors of N-formyl-L-methionine (fMet) or N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine (AcPhe) residues than the isomeric 2'-aminoacyl derivatives with affinity constant ratios (KM 2'/3') greater than 100. Likewise, C-A(D-Phe) is a weaker acceptor than the corresponding L derivative C-A-Phe. In contrast, all glycyl derivatives (C-2'-dA Gly, C-3'-dA-Gly, C-3'-dA-3'-NH-Gly and C-2'-dA-2'-NH-Gly) are good acceptors of the fMet residue, with ratios (KM 2'/3') of approximately 2. On the basis of these results, a model for the stereochemical control of the peptidyl-transferase reaction is proposed. It assigns a major role to the orientation of the amino acid side chain in 2'- or 3'-AA-tRNA. A detailed model of the interaction of the acceptor terminus of 3'-AA-tRNA with the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase is also proposed. The model is strikingly similar to those for the active sites of proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7008836 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: equilibrium kinetics and mechanism of enzyme i phosphorylation. AB - The phosphorylation of enzyme I from the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system was studied by means of isotope exchange between phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate. Experiments monitoring 1H--2H exchange showed that enzyme I phosphorylation is accompanied by the transfer of a proton from the enzyme to the C-3 atom of the substrate. 14C--12C-exchange experiments with both deuterated and protonated pyruvate exhibited a kinetic isotope effect (nu V/nu D = 1.9), showing that the proton transfer is (partly) rate determining and is an essential step in the mechanism of phosphoryl group transfer. Under certain reaction conditions, a more than proportional increase of the 14C exchange rate with increasing total enzyme concentration was observed, indicating that only the dimeric form of enzyme I is phosphorylated. From the dependence of the 14C exchange rate on the phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate concentrations, the forward and reverse second-order rate constants of the reaction were determined to be 3 X 10(7) and 8 X 10(5) M-1 min-1, respectively, yielding an equilibrium constant of approximately 40 and a delta G degree for enzyme I phosphorylation of --2.3 kcal/mol. The significance of the values of these rate constants for the thermodynamics of the phosphotransferase system is discussed. PMID- 7008838 TI - Quantitation of the interaction of EScherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme with double-helical DNA using a thermodynamically rigorous centrifugation method. PMID- 7008839 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of fd virus. AB - 31P NMR experiments on the filamentous bacteriophage fd are used to characterize the viral DNA. Because fd is a 16.4 X 10(6) dalton rod-shaped particle, methods of high-resolution solid-state NMR including cross polarization, proton decoupling, and magic angle sample spinning are utilized. The 31P chemical shielding tensor of solid fd is indistinguishable from that of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA in the absence of proteins; therefore the 31P chemical shift does not show evidence of structural changes in DNA upon incorporation into the virus. fd in solution has a very broad 31P resonance line width. The line width is due to static chemical shift anisotropy that is not motionally averaged, as shown by the generation of sidebands with magic angle sample spinning and a linear dependence of line width on magnetic field strength. These results indicate that DNA packaged inside fd is immobilized by the coat proteins. PMID- 7008837 TI - Cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid by the 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complex. Hydrogen peroxide requirement and primary and secondary structure specificity. PMID- 7008842 TI - Interaction of catabolite activator protein of Escherichia coli with single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7008841 TI - Metabolic activation of 1-methyl-3-amino-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and several structurally related mutagens. PMID- 7008840 TI - Hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of the aromatic residues of fd coat protein. AB - The aromatic residues of fd coat protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Resonances from both types of nuclei show structure-induced chemical shift dispersion and line widths indicative of a folded native structure for the protein. The two tyrosines were found to have pKas of 12.3 and 12.5 by 1H NMR and spectrophotometric titrations. 13C relaxation measurements show that two of the three Phe rings have significant internal mobility, the two Tyr rings have moderate internal mobility, and the Trp side chain is completely immobilized. Qualitative comparisons are made between the intact virus and the isolated coat protein. PMID- 7008843 TI - Ribonucleic acid-protein cross-linking in Escherichia coli ribosomes: (4 azidophenyl)glyoxal, a novel heterobifunctional reagent. AB - We have used the heterobifunctional reagent (4-azidophenyl)glyoxal (APG) to cross link RNA to protein in Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits. Synthesis and characterization of the reagent are described. Like other dicarbonyl reagents (e.g., kethoxal), APG reacts specifically with guanosine among the four ribonucleosides. The azido group in APG can be photolyzed with UV light (lambda greater than 300 nm), yielding an unstable nitrene which is potentially reactive with many groups in proteins and nucleic acids. Conditions for APG modification of guanylic acid residues in 30S subunits are described; photolysis of bound APG results in cross-linking of approximately 5% of the total 30S proteins to 16S RNA. A specific subset of the 30S proteins is cross-linked to 16S RNA by APG. PMID- 7008844 TI - Characterization of cell matrix associated collagens synthesized by aortic endothelial cells in culture. AB - Several collagen types have been isolated and characterized from bovine aortic endothelial cells and their associated extracellular matrix. Two collagens, which comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the alpha 1(III), alpha 1(V), and alpha 2(V) collagen chains, were isolated by salt precipitation from pepsin digests of cell layer proteins. Two of these chains were further purified by molecular-sieve and ion-exchange chromatography and were identified as alpha 1(III) and alpha 1(V) by one-dimensional peptide maps generated with mast cell protease and cyanogen bromide. In contrast to type III collagen, which was found in both the culture medium and cell layer, type V collagen appeared to be restricted to the cell layer. In addition to their occurrence as cell layer constituents, both types III and V collagens were localized to an extracellular matrix after the cells had been removed from the culture dishes by detergent. Preliminary studies based on peptide maps comparing type III collagen from the cell layer and culture medium provide evidence for structural heterogeneity within this collagen type. PMID- 7008845 TI - Interaction of elongation factor Tu with the aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid dimer Phe-tRNA-Glu-tRNA. AB - The effect of EF-Tu.GTP on the codon-anticodon interaction of AA-tRNA was studied by using as a model system the interaction of AA-tRNAs with complementary anticodons, namely, dimerization between yeast or Escherichia coli Phe-tRNAPhe (anticodon GmAA) and E. coli Glu-tRNAGlu (anticodon s2UUC) or nonacylated tRNAGlu in the presence or absence of EF-Tu.GTP. The present data indicate that the ternary complexes Phe-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP and Glu-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP can form dimers with a binding constant of (0.9 +/- 0.2) X 10(6) M-1, which is identical in magnitude with that of the dimer of the nonacylated tRNAs tRNAPhe-tRNAGlu and also with that of the complex Phe-tRNA-EF-Tu.GTP with nonacylated tRNAGlu. These results show that the anticodon region is not affected by complexation with EF-Tu.GTP; however, this conclusion does not preclude the possibility of structural changes in the anticodon loop that have no effect in energetic terms. In addition, this model codon-anticodon interaction does not stimulate hydrolysis of the GTP bound in the ternary complex. PMID- 7008846 TI - Translocation of proteins through biological membranes. A critical view. PMID- 7008847 TI - Membrane asymmetry. A survey and critical appraisal of the methodology. I. Methods for assessing the asymmetric orientation and distribution of proteins. AB - This and the companion article are aimed at surveying the methods used for the study of membrane asymmetry. The techniques employed for the assessment of the asymmetric distribution and orientation of membrane proteins are reviewed in this article, whereas those pertaining to the unequal distribution of lipids are detailed in the companion paper. The use of immunological techniques and lectins, functions of proteins and their perturbations, chemical reagents, enzymatic isotopic labeling and enzymatic cleavage of membrane proteins and physical techniques are discussed and illustrated using recent examples of their application. Whenever appropriate, problems involving crypticity and non availability or non-reactivity of functional sites, relevant chemical functions or protein fragments to appropriate ligands, reagents or modifying enzymes are envisaged and possible modification of the exposure of proteins during preparation of ghosts and other drawbacks are discussed, the use of different techniques and control experiments in conjunction is recommended for a more realistic assessment of the distribution and orientation of proteins. PMID- 7008848 TI - Membrane asymmetry. A survey and critical appraisal of the methodology. II. Methods for assessing the unequal distribution of lipids. AB - In the companion paper, I have reviewed the techniques employed for assessment of the asymmetric distribution and orientation of membrane proteins. This article deals with methods applicable to the investigation of the unequal distribution of lipids between the two membrane leaflets. Among the techniques I will discuss are the use of immunological techniques and lectins, chemical reagents, enzymatic isotopic labeling and degradation of membrane lipids, exchange proteins and physical techniques. Whenever appropriate, problems of crypticity and non availability of lipids to interact with the appropriate ligands, reagents, modifying enzymes or exchange proteins have been envisaged. It appears that in many case, highly discordant results, sometimes with the same biological material, have been obtained. Some of the difficulties encountered presumably stem from the reported existence of non-bilayer arrangements and isotropic movement of lipids as evidenced by freeze-fracture and NMR studies. Other problems may be related to the induction of such arrangements, especially the inverted micellar arrangement, by the modifying agents, particularly degradation enzymes or exchange proteins when they cause severe unilateral modification of the lipids of the exposed leaflet. In addition, the situation is complicated by the role of the induced increase in the flip-flop rate under different experimental conditions and by modification of the rearrangement of lipid molecules as a result of the metabolic state of the cell or ghost preparation and of the reactivity of lipids as a consequence of temperature changes. Here, more so than with proteins, one must be cautious in interpreting experimental results. Moreover, it would appear that the use of different techniques in conjunction and the consequent comparison of results should be recommended. It has been emphasized that 'general rules' do not hold and that each new material should be assay again. To give one example, it is not pertinent to state that proteins enhance the flip-flop rate in lipid vesicles (and hence in membranes). This holds true for glycophorin from erythrocyte membrane, but could not be proved when mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase was used. There seems to be no rule for the distribution of lipids between the two leaflets of different membranes. For example, even for different strains of the same bacterial species, highly divergent results have been reported. It is generally (and probably under the influence of different studies with erythrocytes) believed that in mammalian plasma membranes, choline phospholipids are enriched in the outer leaflet and aminophospholipids in the inner leaflet. Though this contention may prove to be correct, different instances of contradictory results have been given in the text. This shows that if rules do exist, they remain to be discovered or established... PMID- 7008849 TI - Alpha-glucosidase synthesis in yeast cells depleted of intramitochondrial ATP. AB - We have studied the dependence on mitochondrial ATP of expression of MAL genes specifying maltose utilization in yeast. It was found that bongkrekic acid does not prevent the maltose induced synthesis of alpha-glucosidase in derepressed cells of the wild-type and corresponding respiratory-deficient mutant of Saacharomyces cerevisiae. The results suggest that expression of nuclear genes specifying alpha-glucosidase and maltose catabolism in yeast is apparently not dependent on the proper function of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase and does not even require the presence of normal levels of ATP in mitochondria. PMID- 7008850 TI - Termination of insulin-induced hexose transport in adipocytes. AB - The hexose transport of insulin-pretreated (80 pM) adipocytes remained elevated for at least 45 min when the cells were depleted of ATP by treatment with dinitrophenol. On the other hand, the half-time of deactivation of hexose transport in insulin-pretreated cells was of the same magnitude as that of dissociation of receptor-bound insulin both in the absence and presence of glucose (about 8 min). Thus, a high ATP-level, but not ongoing glucose metabolism appears to be important for termination of the insulin effect shortly after dissociation of insulin from its receptor. PMID- 7008853 TI - The Twelfth Carl G. Hartman Award. William Hansel. PMID- 7008851 TI - Male-related pheromones and the activation of female reproduction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). PMID- 7008852 TI - Correlative study of changes in the morphology of the LH gonadotroph and anterior pituitary gland LH secretion during the 4-day rat estrous cycle. PMID- 7008854 TI - The third SSR Research Award. Fernand Labrie. PMID- 7008855 TI - In memory of John MacClenahan Marsh (1931-1980). PMID- 7008856 TI - Development of the PVC endotracheal tube. AB - The history is outlined of the development from metal through rubber to PVC of the endotracheal tube. The technical advantages of the plastics material both for product performance and for processing are summarized. Design features of the modern product are described. Finally, a view is presented of the need now to combine polymer science and clinical research towards further improvement of intubation anaesthesia. PMID- 7008857 TI - Testing the monocyte-macrophage system in human cancer. AB - The participation of the monocyte-macrophages cells in the host immune defence mechanisms against cancer has been recognized since a few years. Testing this component of host homeostasis appears as an additional tool necessary for evaluation of immune deficiency in cancer patient. We review here the most current tests used in the frame of such an evaluation, and also the most interesting results. PMID- 7008858 TI - Human K cell activity. I. Relation to effector cells buoyant density. AB - In order to disclose a relation between human K cell activity and effector cells buoyant density, this activity was tested, against antibody sensitized 51Cr labelled L1210 cells, in lymphocytes subsets obtained by centrifugation to equilibrium in discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients. Since K cell activity is mainly present in null and T cells, this study focused on the buoyant density subsets of human T and null cells. Our results show that, in these T and null cells, K cell activity is directly related to cell density, the less dense fraction having the highest cytotoxic capacity. From the recovery of Lytic Units, it is shown that the K cell pool can be associated with the population of activated or precursor cells in human peripheral blood. PMID- 7008859 TI - Laser light-scattering analysis of the dimerization of transfer ribonucleic acids with complementary anticodons. PMID- 7008860 TI - An improved selected ion recording system for precise isotope ratio determination. AB - An improved analog four-channel selected ion recording system is described, in which major modifications permit a decrease in the dwell time to 33 ms per channel, thus minimizing the mass cycling error. Synchronization with a sinusoidal sweep voltage superimposed on the normal accelerating voltage (8 kV) enables two channels to be monitored simultaneously in real time and each mass to be recorded continuously. These improvements allow measurement of ion current ratios with a precision of 0.2% over a wide dynamic range, permitting accurate determination of isotopic enrichment in biomedical assays even when this enrichment is derived from a single label. Use of the system is illustrated by the analysis of palmitate turnover in dogs (using [1--13C] palmitic acid) with an average standard deviation corresponding to the detection of 0.04% excess of [1- 13C] palmitate. PMID- 7008861 TI - [Establishment of pancreatic insular function in embryonic development]. AB - The reactivity of the pancreas in normal and in decapitated in utero fetuses from mothers with experimental diabetes was evaluated from the increased insulin secretion in vitro in response to glucose and theophylline. It was shown that B cells of the islet system in the pancreas of normal fetuses from animals with alloxan diabetes are capable to react to glucose from the 18th day of the prenatal life while those from normal mothers from the 21st day. Removal of the nervous and endocrine regulation centres in fetuses decapitated in utero leads to the loss of the sensitivity to glucose in fetuses both from normal and diabetic mothers. PMID- 7008862 TI - Embryonic hemoglobins in man and other mammals. AB - This report attempts to review the present state of research on embryonic hemoglobins in humans and other mammals from a cytologic, molecular, and clinical point of view. In all mammals, the yolk sac is the site responsible for the "primitive" erythropoiesis, which produces an erythroid population characterized by peculiar cytologic features and globin gene expression. Morphological and molecular events that underlie prenatal erythropoiesis are described herein giving rise to questions regarding biology at large (i.e., the differential activity of genes capable of similar functions); molecular biology of eukaryotic genes (i.e., globin gene organization and structural subtleties); and clinical hematology (i.e., syndromes associated with the appearance of embryonic hemoglobins. PMID- 7008863 TI - Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: detection and characterization of the responsible antibodies by the platelet immunofluorescence test. AB - Platelet immunofluorescence, together with other serologic tests on platelets, lymphocytes, and granulocytes, was used to investigate the sera of 38 mothers with newborns who suffered from thrombocytopenia. In sera of 33 mothers, platelet specific IgG alloantibodies were demonstrable. Three sera also contained HLA antibodies, of which two were only detectable in the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Two other sera contained granulocyte-specific alloantibodies. In sera of 2 mothers, antibodies were found that reacted with all cell types in all tests. However, after further analysis, it became clear that platelet-specific alloantibodies were probably also present in these 2 sera. In 29 cases, the specificity of the platelet alloantibodies was anti-Zwa--PlA1. One serum contained antibodies directed against a new antigen, Baka. This new antigen was defined after the investigation of the family and a small-scale population study. Two other sera had platelet antibodies with still undefined specificities. In all positive sera, IgG platelet alloantibodies were detected, and sometimes IgM antibodies were also present. The IgG antibodies were mostly of the IgG1 subclasses, but sometimes IgG3 and/or IgG4 was also found. In a few sera, only IgG3 antibodies were detected. In our series, we found no increased frequency of blood group ABO compatibility between mother and child, although it has been described by others and is well known to occur in rhesus alloimmunization. Of all the tests used, the platelet immunofluorescent test, especially the test on paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets in suspension, gave the best results in the detection of platelet antibodies in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7008864 TI - Comparative density of the human T-cell antigen T65 on normal peripheral blood T cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - A 65,000 dalton T-cell specific antigen previously demonstrated to be present on the surface of normal and malignant T cells, but not normal B cells, has been detected on the surface of leukemic cells from patients wih nonsecretory, surface immunoglobulin-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By means of immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, the relative surface density of the T65 antigen on CLL cells was compared to that on normal peripheral blood T cells and human thymocytes, as well as cell lines of T-cell lineage. In all cases, the CLL cells had a more homogeneous and a lower median fluorescence intensity than that of normal circulating T cells. Thymocytes were composed of three populations, two with low surface density of T65 resembling the CLL cells and the other with higher density similar to normal T cells. The staining of cell lines varied from bright, heterogeneous staining (8402) to uniform, low-density staining (Molt-4). The implications of these findings with regard to lymphocyte differentiation are discussed. PMID- 7008866 TI - Prevention of acquired transient defect in platelet plug formation by infused prostacyclin. AB - Cardiopulmonary bypass in baboons produced transient severe platelet dysfunction (bleeding times prolonged to 27.8 +/- 1.4 min compared with 3.9 +/- 0.7 baseline) that was associated with a parallel release of platelet alpha-granule proteins into plasma (platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin levels of 28.8 +/- 9.3 and 20.0 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, respectively) and their clearance into urine with a reciprocal depletion from circulating platelets. In contrast, platelet-dense granules did not undergo significant release. The bleeding times normalized rapidly following bypass (8.5 +/- 1.4 min at 1 hr). The infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) into the bubble oxygenator during bypass (40--80 ng/kg/min) prevented the prolongation in bleeding time (p less than 0.01 compared with untreated control values) but did not block the release of alpha-granule proteins. Dosages outside this range were associated with prolonged bleeding times. These results show that transient platelet dysfunction occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass represents activation of platelets independent of alpha or dense granule release and is blocked by potent short-acting inhibition of platelet function using PGI2 infused into the oxygenator apparatus at optimal therapeutic doses. PMID- 7008865 TI - Reconstitution of normal megakaryocytopoiesis and immunologic functions in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by marrow transplantation following myeloablation and immunosuppression with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. AB - Three patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome received transplants of marrow from their HLA-A, B, C, D identical siblings after myeloablation with busulfan, 2 mg/kg/day x 4 days, followed by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/day x 4. Sustained engraftment of lymphoid and hematopoietic elements was documented in each case. Platelet counts in excess of 100,000/cu mm were restored 20--50 days posttransplant and remain in the normal range 6--12 mo later. Platelets exhibit normal size and in vitro aggregation. The patients produce isoagglutinins and antibodies to other polysaccharides. The use of busulfan in moderate dosages as a myeloablative agent, coupled with cyclophosphamide, may offer an improved alternative to the use of lethal total body irradiation as a preparative regimen for complete correction of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by marrow transplantation. PMID- 7008868 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocytopoiesis: strategy for defining mitotic and endoreduplicative events in the committed progenitor compartment. AB - A new cellular approach to the analysis of the physiology and regulation of the megakaryocyte progenitor cell compartment is proposed. It utilizes initial progenitor cell separation by centrifugal elutriation followed by flow cytometry and viable cell sorting using quantitative, vital DNA stains and secondary cytoplasmic and/or membrane markers to isolate megakaryocyte progenitors on the basis of DNA content for subsequent analysis of proliferative (mitotic) activity in an in vitro clonogenic assay. It should be possible to delineate whether mitosis (as measured by the number of CFU-M per culture) is limited to diploid cells and determine the distribution of CFU-M in subclasses of cells identified by the secondary label. This kind of study will provide new information on the relationship between progenitor cell size, DNA content and proliferative activity within the framework of a working model of progenitor cell kinetics. PMID- 7008867 TI - Concentration of hemopoietic stem cells using a light-activated cell sorter. AB - Light-activated cell sorting although capable of highly specific selection of subpopulations of cells is rate-limited. The method as it now exists is insufficient to supply an adequate number of stem cells for bone marrow transplantation. However, other separation methods using electrophoresis, density gradients, and density centrifugation coupled with cell sorting can improve the yield for clinical utilization. PMID- 7008870 TI - Detection of regulatory receptors and distinctive surface markers. AB - Cell sorting has been used as an approach to describing surface markers and functional receptors of hemopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Significant enrichment of CFU-S was obtained with fluorescent cell sorting of human antihuman sperm-labelled bone marrow cells; significant enrichment of human CFU-C was obtained by cell sorting of hybridoma (KGP1)-labelled human bone marrow cells. Significant changes in human bone marrow CFU-C, but not CFU-E were observed by fluorescence polarization after exposure to a putative stimulator of CFU-C. A description of preliminary investigations of a hybrid clone from Dexter culture cells x Chinese hamster ovary and fluorescence polarization measurements after exposure to purified mouse-lung CSF are also presented. PMID- 7008871 TI - Characterization of hematologic malignancies by flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometry of cellular DNA content revealed ploidy abnormalities in 15% of 170 patients with various leukemias, in 50% of 26 patients with malignant lymphomas, and in 68% of 110 patients with multiple myeloma, for an overall incidence of DNA content abnormality of 37% in 306 patients with hematologic malignancies. Since the incidence of ploidy abnormality in over 100 solid tumors exceeded 90%. DNA flow cytometry is also ideally suited to screen for bone marrow metastases. Cell separation by centrifugal elutriation was shown to permit enrichment of aneuploid cells, including one example where cells with abnormal DNA content were not recognized in the unfractionated sample. Biparametric measurements of acridine orange-stained cells for DNA and RNA content analysis were suitable to enhance the discriminatory power of flow cytometric detection of lymphoma and myeloma tumor cells in heterogeneous cell populations of bone marrow and lymph nodes. DNA/RNA measurements in leukemia, (the disease category with the lowest incidence of abnormal DNA mode) revealed a markedly higher mean RNA content in acute myeloid leukemia compared with normal or acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow. While these different RNA content patterns were found in whole marrow, cell separation by centrifugal elutriation of normal marrow disclosed cell subpopulations of myeloid precursor cells with a RNA content pattern similar to that of unseparated AML marrow. Hence, the described differences in RNA content between normal and AML marrow seem to be related to the greater heterogeneity of differentiated cells in normal marrow and per se do not appear to be a unique feature of the leukemia disease process. PMID- 7008869 TI - Antibody to purified human colony-stimulating factor: use in the identification and isolation of granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells. AB - Conditioned media prepared from human lung, placenta, peripheral leukocytes, cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells, and cultured cervical carcinoma cells exhibit a common pattern of two distinct types of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) separable by isoelectrofocusing. Type I and type II CSF differ in MW, isoelectric point, CFU-C specificity, and the morphologic type of colonies they stimulate. Type I CSF exhibits higher activity in mouse than in human marrow while type II is more active in human marrow. Type I and II CSF from cultured human pancreatic carcinoma have been purified, type I to apparent homogeneity, and antibody has been prepared against them in rabbits. We have utilized purified CSF and anti-CSF antibodies to label CFU-C fluorescently for the purpose of cell sorting via flow photometry. Human bone marrow cells preincubated with CSF and then treated first with anti-CSF antibody then fluorescein-labeled goat antirabbit globulin retain their ability to grow and form aggregates in the presence of additional CSF. Colonies thus formed exhibit fluorescence, the intensity of which diminishes with increase in aggregate size. These observations provide new insight into the biology of CFU-C and suggest the following: (1) Incubation of marrow cells with CSF for 2 h results in binding of CSF or an antigenic component of CSF to membranes of CFU-C. (2) Bound CSF-anti CSF complex remains on CFU-C membranes through at least 5-6 cell divisions. (3) The approach described offers great potential for the preparation of highly purified CFU-C populations by fluorescence cell sorting. PMID- 7008872 TI - Intracellular red-ox steady states as basis for cell characterization by flow cytofluorometry. AB - The blue fluorescence of intracellular reduced coenzymes [NAD(P)H] can be used for cell characterization by rapid flow cytofluorometry. Different types of cells show different metabolic (red-ox) steady states under given conditions. Examples are given for yeast and isolated rat liver cells. PMID- 7008874 TI - Flow cytometric probes of cellular physiologic parameters. PMID- 7008876 TI - Computer-assisted instruction in a health sciences library: an experimental project. AB - The Leon S. McGoogan Library of Medicine at the University of Nebraska received a grant from the University of Nebraska Computer Network to study management aspects of providing computer-assisted instruction (CAI) resources. The library wished to determine: (1) faculty and student receptiveness to CAI as a library resource and (2) user response to CAI library services. A user questionnaire was designed to ascertain the appropriateness of initial management decisions regarding CAI access. The methodology employed in implementing this pilot project, the results of the questionnaire, and the future of CAI at the University of Nebraska are addressed in this paper. PMID- 7008873 TI - New metabolic parameters for the characterization of cells. AB - Microspectrofluorometric evaluation of coenzyme-linked transient changes in blue fluorescence, triggered by microinjections of metabolic intermediates, allows the definition of dynamic parameters in the characterization of cells. The observed fluorescence transients can be simulated by appropriate equations accounting for NAD(P) reduction-reoxidation, with NAD(P) as rate-limiting or not. From the above, the rate constants K1 and K2 of NAD(P) reduction and reoxidation can be determined. Other useful parameters in the metabolic evaluation of different cell lines, comprising normal and transformed fibroblasts, glia-glioma, melanoma lines, and a mouse embryo clone, can be derived from the relationship between injected dose of substrate and rise or decay rates of NAD(P) in equilibrium or formed from NAD(P)H transients. Reoxidation of NAD(P)H seems to be a useful target for such studies in view of possible impairment in malignant cells and X irradiated cells. Cells followed by fluorometry are retrieved for subsequent ultrastructural and other analyses. Thus, the metabolic patterns associated with the operation of intracellular pathways or organelle interactions, and their aberrations can be recognized. On this basis eventually a classification of different cell lines according to structure-function should be feasible. PMID- 7008875 TI - Nucleolar immunofluorescence in bone marrow specimens of human hematological malignancies. AB - Leukemic cells and myeloma cells were studied in bone marrow of untreated patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma to provide more information on the nucleolar immunofluorescence produced by antibodies no nucleoli of HeLa cells. The nucleolar immunofluorescence was mainly observed in myeloblasts of myeloid leukemias an in immature as well as mature cells of the plasmacytic or lymphocytic cell lines of multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. With respect to the nucleolar immunofluorescence, both positive and negative populations of cells were noted in the specimens of all patients studied. PMID- 7008877 TI - Improving the MEDLARS search interview: a checklist approach. AB - An analogy is drawn between searching a computer data base and conducting laboratory research: the crucial process in both is phrasing the question to the system to obtain meaningful and useful results. The searcher must act as an intermediary for the library user in questioning the data base; for this reason every effort must be made to maximize the efficiency with which a query is transferred from requester to searcher. Studies reported in the literature tend to distribute themselves into one of two categories: flowchart analyses or nonverbal communication approaches. Because message transfer in an interview is an entirely human process, the flowchart approach, while perhaps providing a correct analysis, is rejected as a means of improvement. Similarly, emphasis on nonverbal cues and communication inhibitors is assessed as misplaced. Rather, the method recommended is guided practice, using a checklist of areas to be covered in an interview for a MEDLARS search. Topic appropriateness, form design, and postsearch follow-through are included in the discussion. PMID- 7008880 TI - [Pathogenic strains of Bacterium coli commune, Jensen]. PMID- 7008879 TI - [Histological and microradiographic study of biological manifestations characteristic of compact bone tissue]. PMID- 7008878 TI - Possible uses of MLA's oral history taped interviews. PMID- 7008881 TI - [Pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7008883 TI - [Medical ethics and politics - one aspect of the history of medical ethics]. AB - Medical ethics became a medical topic of its own in the 16th and 17th centuries as a part of what could be called "public medicine". They served the interests of University-trained doctors by strenghthening their autonomy and by submitting their rivals to medical control. The patients' interests are considered more or less identical with the doctor's. Towards the 19th century an ideologization of medical ethics is observable which has partly been responsible for the inhumane ethical concepts of certain of the 20th century collectivists as well as for certain inhumanities within individualistic ethics of our times and regions. When these ideologies became problematic the question of the relation between patient's and doctor's interests arose. For this and other reasons medical ethics have been rethought in the 60s of the present century. Increased attention has been paid to the realm of non-standardizable ethical behaviour. Thus "situation ethics" were conceived - and, more recently, "communication ethics" which arises from social interchange. Where his own interests are concerned, these ethical concepts require the doctor, not to pursue or deny them but simply to be aware of and to discuss them openly. The practical equivalent of communication ethics is the doctor's dialogue with a patient who personally looks after his own interests, as well as ethical commissions and interdisciplinary symposia on medical ethics. Thus medical ethics are again part of a "public medicine". This development is congruent with the interests of the medical profession insofar as this profession and its concepts have been severely criticized in the last twenty years - an open discussion of medical ethics might contribute to medicine's equilibrium. PMID- 7008882 TI - Insulin effect on lung subcellular fraction phospholipids and cholesterol. AB - Lung subcellular fraction (microsomes, mitochondria, 105 000 X g supernatant and plasma membranes) were isolated from normal and insulin treated rats. Phospholipid and cholesterol contents were determined, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidyl-ethanolamines separated and their fatty acid profiles assayed. Teh investigations carried out indicated that insulin influenced the phospholipid content of all fractions. Cholesterol levels in the 105 000 X g supernatant and especially in the plasma membrane fraction were raised significantly. Insulin administration increased the contribution of the unsaturated long chain fatty acids in both phospholipids studied. The results are discussed in relation to stimulated lipid biosynthesis and to lipid fluidity, of which fatty acyl unsaturation and cholesterol level are main parameters. PMID- 7008884 TI - [Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber - anatomo-clinical analysis]. PMID- 7008886 TI - Prazosin does not alter canine renin release in response to systemic hypotension or intrarenal isoprenaline and prostaglandin I2 infusion. AB - 1. The effect of a hypotensive dose of intravenous prazosin (0.2 mg/kg) on heart rate and plasma renin activity was evaluated in anaesthetized mongrel dogs pretreated with indomethacin. 2. The effect of prazosin on the renin release elicited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline and by prostaglandin I2 was also evaluated. 3. Prazosin administration was associated with a significant increase in heart rate and increase in plasma renin activity. 4. Prazosin did not interfere with the increase in plasma renin activity in response to either isoprenaline or prostaglandin I2. 5. We conclude that prazosin is not a unique peripheral vasodilator since hypotensive doses are associated with an increase in heart rate and plasma renin activity. In addition, prazosin does not inhibit the release of renin induced by either isoprenaline or prostaglandin I2. PMID- 7008885 TI - Effect of indomethacin on hydralazine-induced renin and catecholamine release in the conscious rabbit. AB - 1. The effects of hydralazine on mean arterial pressure (MAP) heart rate (HR), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma catecholamines were examined in conscious rabbits before and after prostaglandin synthesis inhibition with indomethacin. 2. Hydralazine (3 mg/kg. i.v.) produced a 12% decrease in MAP and significant increases in HR, PRA and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. 3. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) failed to alter significantly the control MAP, HR, PRA or plasma catecholamines but inhibited renal venous prostaglandin E2 by 56% (P less than 0.02). 4. Indomethacin inhibited the hydralazine-induced tachycardia by 24% and augmented its hypotensive effects by 6%. 5. The hydralazine-stimulated increase in PRA was also inhibited 75% (P less than 0.001) by indomethacin whereas noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were not significantly reduced. 6. Indomethacin inhibits hydralazine-induced renin release in the presence of elevated concentrations of plasma catecholamines; these findings suggest that renal prostaglandins function as important mediators of sympathetically-induced renin release. PMID- 7008887 TI - Inhibition by nicotine of the formation of prostacyclin-like activity in rabbit and human vascular tissue. AB - 1 Rings of vascular tissue (from rabbit aorta or human peripheral vein) were incubated at room temperature in Tyrode solution in the absence or presence of nicotine or indomethacin. 2 Addition of portions of the incubates to human platelet-rich plasma (HPRP) elicited a decrease in adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation in this plasma. Authentic prostacyclin (PGI2) also induced such a decrease. The decreased aggregation amplitudes that followed the addition of the vascular tissue incubates and of PGI2 were equally potentiated by theophylline (10(-4) M). 3 Both nicotine and indomethacin counteracted the formation of platelet anti-aggregatory activity in the vascular tissue incubates. The IC50S of nicotine and of indomethacin on the formation of platelet antiaggregatory activity were 2 X 10(-5) M and 6 X 10(-6) M, respectively. 4 Nicotine failed to affect the platelet anti-aggregatory effect induced by authentic PGI2 in HPRP. 5 It is concluded that nicotine counteracts the formation of platelet anti-aggregatory activity in rabbit aorta and human peripheral vein by eliciting an inhibitory effect on the bioformation of prostacyclin in these types of vascular tissue. PMID- 7008888 TI - Factors affecting prostacyclin formation by the rat pregnant myometrium. AB - 1 The scraped myometrium of the pregnant uterus of the rat, when chopped and incubated, released an antiaggregatory material closely resembling prostacyclin (PGI2). The material was conclusively identified as PGI2 by identification of its hydrolysis product 6-oxo-prostaglandin F12 (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2 Peak concentrations of PGI2 were detected after 15 min incubation of 20 degrees C. These concentrations were significantly higher than those detected at 37 degrees C, when largest amounts of prostacyclin were formed after 3 min incubation. The concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha detected were similar at the different temperatures. 3 When samples were incubated at pH 8 and 20 degrees C, peak concentrations of prostacyclin were maintained between 15 and 35 min of incubation. When pH 7.4 was employed, prostacyclin concentration in the incubate fell to undetectable limits within this time. 4 Incubation of the chopped myometrium with arachidonic acid or phospholipase A2 stimulated prostacyclin production. 5 Preincubation of myometrial tissue for 10 min at 37 degrees C with inhibitory drugs before chopping reduced prostacyclin output. The doses needed to reduce PGI2 output by 50% (ID50) were: mepacrine (280 micrometer/ml), indomethacin (20 microgram/ml), 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (23 microgram/ml), 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid (23 microgram/ml) and tranylcypromine (225 microgram/ml). 6 It is suggested that due to the large amounts of material available, the rat pregnant myometrium is a useful model for the study of factors affecting prostacyclin synthesis. PMID- 7008889 TI - Agoraphobia: the long-term follow-up of behavioural treatment. AB - Sixty-six agoraphobic patients were followed up five to nine years after their treatment in three clinical trials of behaviour therapy. The main outcome measures used in the original trials were repeated by an assessor who interviewed the patients. Ninety-five per cent of patients were interviewed and partial information was obtained on a further two patients. The measures taken at follow up were compared with those obtained prior to treatment and six months after treatment ended. On most measures of agoraphobia the patients were much better at follow-up than they had been before treatment. The assessor's ratings suggested that there had been little change in the patients' agoraphobia since six months after treatment. Some of the patients' self-ratings showed evidence of a slight improvement over this period. No evidence of symptom substitution was found. PMID- 7008891 TI - Some clinical and metabolic aspects of propranolol in chronic schizophrenia. AB - No benefit attributable to propranolol (1000 mg/day) could be detected in a trial lasting at least 22 weeks, 6 weeks of which was double-blind placebo-controlled, in 5 chronic schizophrenic patients. The mean propranolol CSF/plasma ration was 0.08, and there was good agreement between CSF and free plasma propranolol levels. Basal plasma prolactin was slightly but insignificantly reduced by propranolol, and metoclopramide-stimulated prolactin release was unaffected. Propranolol was associated with a significant temporary increase in HVA, a non significant rise in 5-HIAA and a significant decrease in MHPG, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 4 patients. PMID- 7008892 TI - Reading about... Mental handicap. PMID- 7008890 TI - Viloxazine in the treatment of depressive neurosis: a controlled clinical study with doxepin and placebo. AB - In a four-week, double-blind, clinical trial thirty-one patients with depressive neurosis were treated with viloxazine, doxepin, or placebo. There were no differences among the three groups in therapeutic effects. Many depressed out patients improve on placebo. Viloxazine hydrochloride is one of a series of compounds developed to explore the central nervous system activity of the aryloxypropanolamine type of beta-adreno-receptor antagonists. Initial clinical study support the hypothesis that viloxazine has antidepressant properties in man (Bayliss et al, 1974; Bereen, 1973; Pichot et al., 1975; Tsegos and Ekdawi, 1974). PMID- 7008893 TI - Management of diabetes during open heart surgery. AB - The management of 5 insulin-dependent diabetics following open heart surgery was studied and compared with a group of 5 similar diabetics who had undergone urological or orthopaedic operations. The patients were all treated with a glucose/insulin/potassium infusions regimen, but the cardiac group needed much greater amounts of insulin (1.0 unit/g of glucose) than the non-cardiac group (0.3 units/g) to achieve a similar level of control. The high requirements of the cardiac patients are probably related to trauma, hypothermia and glucose loading when cardiopulmonary bypass begins. Diabetics undergoing such surgery need suitably modified insulin regimens from the outset. PMID- 7008894 TI - The effect of topical povidone-iodine on the incidence of infection in surgical wounds. AB - A randomized stratified clinical trial of topical povidone-iodine in 627 patients undergoing abdominal procedures demonstrated a reduction in postoperative wound sepsis in female patients, in patients receiving subcutaneous low dose heparin and during the first quarter of the trial when the infection rate in control subjects was high. Overall, there was no significant reduction in wound sepsis after administration of povidone-iodine due mainly to a high infection rate in povidone-iodine treated male appendix operations where, by chance, there was an increased incidence of contamination with Bacteroides fragilis. Postoperative stay in those developing wound infection was significantly reduced in the povidone-iodine group. This is considered as indirect evidence for a decrease in severity of wound infection. PMID- 7008895 TI - Treponema-specific and antilipoidal 19S(IgM) antibodies in penicillin-treated and untreated rabbits after infection with Treponema pallidum. AB - The titres of treponema-specific and antilipoidal 19S(IgG) antibodies were determined in rabbits infected intratesticularly with Treponema pallidum. One group of rabbits was treated with penicillin the other served as control. Using different serological tests it was shown that 19S(IgM) antibodies were still detectable eight months after infection at about the same titres in both groups. In contrast, 19S(IgM) antibody titres in patients with syphilis became undetectable within three to six months after penicillin treatment. It is suggested therefore that the rabbit is not a reliable model for studying the effect of penicillin in human T pallidum infections. PMID- 7008896 TI - Early varioliform syphilis. A case report. AB - A 25-year-old man developed a rare form of early syphilis with smallpox-like eruptions, mainly in the groins and axillae. Histological examination of the syphilids showed an unusual structure with an exceptional number of Treponema pallidum within the epidermis. PMID- 7008898 TI - Evaluation of a culture slide in the diagnosis of vaginal candidosis. AB - The Till-U-Test Candida Dermatophyte (TUT CD) culture slide, produced for the diagnosis of yeast and dermatophyte infections, was compared with microscopy and formal laboratory culture in the diagnosis of vaginal candidosis. Candida albicans grew readily on the medium and reliable results were obtained within a mean of three days' incubation at room temperature. Agreement with laboratory culture was 91 . 4%; 29% of cases would have been missed by microscopy alone. The TUT CD is a useful device, therefore, in the investigation of vaginitis. PMID- 7008897 TI - Taking cell cultures to the patient in an attempt to improve chlamydial isolation. AB - McCoy cell cultures were inoculated with 121 urethral and cervical specimens taken from patients attending one of two sexually transmitted disease clinics. The mean number of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions was greater when the cultures were inoculated with the specimens and centrifuged in the clinic than when the specimens were first stored in liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, 18 of the 29 chlamydia-positive specimens produced larger numbers of of inclusions when inoculated immediately. Despite this, the isolation rate from specimens inoculated directly (22%) was about the same as from specimens which had been frozen (21%). Of the 30 occasions on which the cell monolayers were disrupted, 29 followed immediate inoculation. This may possibly have been due to some toxic factor in some of the specimens. PMID- 7008899 TI - Increased number of PNMT-immunofluorescent nerve cell bodies in the medulla oblongata of stroke-prone hypertensive rats. AB - An antiserum to bovine adrenal PNMT was used to identify PNMT-containing nerve cell bodies in the medulla oblongata of 4-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. The regional distribution of PNMT cells and the total number of PNMT cell profiles in tranverse sections of the medulla were examined in each of the two strains. While there was no significant difference in the pattern of distribution of the cells, both the number of PNMT cell profiles per section and the total number seen in all sections of the medulla were significantly higher in the hypertensive rats. The increase in counts of PNMT cell profiles in the medulla suggests that there is a genetic difference in the number of central adrenaline neurons in these hypertensive rats. This is supported by the finding of similar increases of PNMT enzyme activity in the medulla of both stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats. PMID- 7008900 TI - Immunoreactivity for an angiotensin II-like peptide in the human brain. PMID- 7008901 TI - Enrichment of Schwann cell cultures from neonatal rat sciatic nerve by differential adhesion. AB - A novel method of Schwann cell purification from neonatal rat sciatic nerve has been developed using differential adhesion. After enzymatic and mechanical dissociation, the cell digest is allowed to settle on polylysine-coated glass coverslips for 30 min with intermittent shaking. After an 18-h incubation, bipolar cells comprise greater than 95% of the non-adherent population. Indirect immunofluorescence with the cell-specific markers rabbit anti-galactocerebroside and rabbit anti-bovine-P-2 basic protein antiserum confirmed light microscopic identification of these bipolar cells as Schwann cells. Rabbit anti-human fibronectin specifically labeled fibroblasts which comprised less than 5% of the cell population, but did not bind to Schwann cells. Schwann cells isolated by differential adhesion were injected into a rabbit. When absorbed with cultured rat skin fibroblasts, serum from this rabbit specifically surface labeled greater than 99% of the bipolar and round cells after 18 h and 5 days in vitro and also labeled Schwann cells in fetal rat dorsal root ganglia cultures, but not fibroblasts or neurons. PMID- 7008903 TI - A new method for application of horseradish peroxidase into a restricted area of the brain. AB - A new method for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) application into the very restricted area of the brain was developed. Crystalline HRP was packed into the tips of fine micropipettes having tip size of about 50 micrometer in outer diameter. The HRP micropipettes were stereotaxically implanted into the globus pallidus of rats. After survival period of 6 to 48 hours, brain was excised and HRP distribution was investigated following conventional procedures. The diffusion area of HRP at the application site was restricted within the limits of 200--250 micrometer in diameter completely inside the globus pallidus. It was known that the slowly solubilized crystalline HRP was taken up by the nerve terminals in the globus pallidus, and transported retrogradely to the cell bodies in the pars compacta of substantia nigra, indicating the existence of nigro pallidal projections. PMID- 7008902 TI - Immunocytochemistry of glutamate decarboxylase in the deafferented habenula. PMID- 7008905 TI - [The public action in water hygiene]. PMID- 7008904 TI - [Establishment of the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava. 3. The new situation]. PMID- 7008907 TI - [Value of odonto-stomatological identification]. PMID- 7008906 TI - [Recent findings on the morphology of ovular membranes in normal pregnancies at term]. PMID- 7008908 TI - [Methods of supervision of asbestos workers]. PMID- 7008909 TI - [Alarming increase of utero-adnexal infections]. PMID- 7008911 TI - [Evolution of the problem of salmonellosis worldwide]. PMID- 7008912 TI - [Transsexualism. The current status of the medicolegal problem. Apropos of 12 cases]. PMID- 7008910 TI - [Structural changes in ovular membranes of hydramnios]. PMID- 7008913 TI - [Address at the meeting dedicated to the centenary of the death of Paul Broca (1824-1880)]. PMID- 7008914 TI - [Paul Broca (1824-1880). The surgeon, the man]. PMID- 7008915 TI - [Paul Broca and aphasia]. PMID- 7008916 TI - [Paul Broca and anatomy]. PMID- 7008918 TI - [Uniqueness of the coronary circulation]. PMID- 7008917 TI - [Paul Broca and anthropology]. PMID- 7008919 TI - [Steroid and non-steroid anabolic agents in animal breeding. Need for the revision of the law]. PMID- 7008921 TI - [Psychosocial consequences of chronic disease in children (after a study on chronic juvenile arthritis)]. PMID- 7008920 TI - [Alcohol beverages and blood alcohol levels]. PMID- 7008922 TI - [Severe essential hypertension. Physiopathogenic role of the adrenal medulla. Therapeutic implications. Immediate clinical results and those obtained after a period of from 2-20 years]. PMID- 7008925 TI - Carl Rogers revisited. PMID- 7008923 TI - Extraocular muscle recession with a suture loop in dogs. AB - Extraocular muscle recessions with loops of silk suture were performed in 10 dogs. When, after a 5-mm section of the medial rectus muscle was resected, suture loops 5 mm long were inserted near the functional equator (8 mm behind the muscle's original insertion) an effective pseudotendon was produced in 71% of the eyes. This procedure may be a useful addition to the surgical methods of correcting horizontal strabismus. PMID- 7008924 TI - Ocular immunology: a review (first of two parts). PMID- 7008926 TI - Clinical and roentgenographic aspects of pseudogout: a study of 50 cases and a review. AB - Pseudogout, defined as recurrent acute arthritis due to intrasynovial deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, is a relatively common arthritic disorder of the elderly. The clinical and roentgenographic aspects of 50 cases of pseudogout in hospitalized patients are reviewed in this paper. Oligoarticular and polyarticular episodes were observed in half of these patients. Antecedent problems included infection, trauma, surgery and vascular events. Consistent with previous reports, most patients had roentgenographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. A third had asymptomatic capsular or periarticular calcific deposits or both, and a third had pyrophosphate arthropathy, a progressive, destructive, accelerated form of osteoarthritis. An attack of pseudogout may offer a clue to the presence of an unsuspected metabolic disease, such as primary hyperparathyroidism or idiopathic hemochromatosis. PMID- 7008928 TI - Cadwallader Colden: physician, historian and government official. PMID- 7008929 TI - Edwin Lipinski, M.D. 1926-1980. PMID- 7008930 TI - Briquet's concept of hysteria: an historical perspective. AB - Paul Briquet's Traite de l'Hysterie was published in 1859 and is a comprehensive clinical and epidemiological study of 430 patients with hysteria. It was widely known and quoted in its time, but was submerged by the rise of the psychoanalytic concept of hysteria at the end of the 19th century. Briquet's work was resurrected in 1971 with the recommendation that the term Briquet's Syndrome be used for certain forms of hysteria. This paper translates into English those sections of his monograph devoted to his concept of hysteria and discusses these in an historical framework. Briquet regarded hysteria as a "Neurosis of the Brain" in which a variety of unpleasant environmental events acted upon the "affective part of the brain" in a susceptible and predisposed individual. He considered the brain to be the "seat of hysteria" because it was the source of the multiple manifestations of the condition. Amongst its many other notable contributions, Briquet's study finally laid to rest hysteria's historic association with physical disease of the female genitalia. PMID- 7008932 TI - Laboratory and clinical research in breast cancer--a personal adventure: the David A. Karnofsky memorial lecture. PMID- 7008931 TI - Study of the impact of relaxation with guided imagery on stress among cancer nurses. PMID- 7008927 TI - [Serologic properties of antigens HLA-A, B and C]. AB - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are transmembrane bicatenar glycoproteins; their heavy chain is coded by chromosome 6 and carries allotypic determinants. These molecules are present in nearly every cell, tissue and biologic fluid. Their congenital absence from fibroblasts is associated with progeria, while their absence from lymphocytes is associated with immunodeficiency. HLA antigens are usually studied microlymphocytotoxicity tests. The numerous cross-reactions encountered make the interpretation of results quite difficult. To clearly understand these reactions a complex-complex model is mandatory. The antigen, the HLA molecule, is complex since it carries many antigenic determinants; some of them are private ("subtypic"), while others are public ("subtypic"). Anti-HLA antibodies are also complex since they are heterogeneous, reacting with variable affinity with different antigenic determinants. The in vitro cross-reactions represent a partial explanation for varying cross-immunogenicity in vivo. PMID- 7008933 TI - Metabolic activation of cyclopenta(cd)pyrene to 3,4-epoxycyclopenta(cd)pyrene by rat liver microsomes. AB - Cyclopenta(cd)pyrene (CPP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon without a bay region, is a potent bacterial mutagen. The experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that the major CPP metabolite generated by liver microsomes prepared from either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated rats is the optically active trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrocyclopenta(cd)pyrene. Other experiments indicate that formation of the trans-3,4-dihydrodiol of CPP probably proceeds via enzymatic hydrolysis of 3,4-epoxycyclopenta(cd)pyrene by opening of the O--C(3) bond. (a) The racemic 3,4-epoxycyclopenta(cd)pyrene has been synthesized via the bromohydrin of CPP and shown to hydrolyze primarily to 3,4 dihydrocyclopenta(cd)pyrene-4-one and to mixtures of the trans- and cis-3,4 dihydrodiols. Detection of 3,4-dihydrocyclopenta(cd)pyrene-4-one as the major acid catalyzed rearrangement product indicates the opening of the epoxide at the C(3) position to yield a carbonium ion followed by an NIH shift. (b) The synthetic epoxide is potently mutagenic to bacteria with a similar spectrum of mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying base-pair substitution or frameshift mutations as was seen with CPP in the presence of liver enzymes. These results indicate that 3,4-epoxycyclopenta(cd)pyrene is the major microsomal and mutagenic metabolite of CPP. PMID- 7008934 TI - Binding of specific peroxidase-labeled antibody to placental-type phosphatase on tumor-derived membrane fragments. AB - Monospecific antiserum to human placental alkaline phosphatase was purified by immunoabsorption and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The binding of this labeled antibody to membrane fragments prepared from placental and tumor tissue was measured using agarose gel filtration to separate bound antibody. The antibody bound only to membrane fragments which contained placental phosphatase, and the amount bound varied in the order ascitic fluid membrane fragments greater than tumor extracts greater than placental extracts. Absorption of the antibody with crude placental membrane yielded a population of antibody which reacted with tumor tissue and pure placental enzyme, but only slightly with placental membranes. These results are interpreted to suggest that some antigenic sites are exposed in tumor tissue membranes which are not in placental membranes. PMID- 7008935 TI - Circulating immune complexes in cancer patients receiving goat radiolocalizing antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - The circulating radioactivity and antibody immunoreactivity in patients with diverse cancers who had received 131I-labeled goat antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and with solid phase (SP) immunoadsorbents containing anti-goat immunoglobulin G(IgG), anti human IgG, anti-CEA, or CEA. Upon gel filtration, more than 80% of the plasma radioactivity was distributed between native IgG and an excluded macromolecular radioactive fraction (Pool I). The native IgG and Pool I radioactive peaks were immunoreactive with the SP anti-goat IgG and SP CEA to the same extent as was the radioantibody prior to injection. The circulating CEA in patients with elevated titers only partially bound the injected radioantibody since less than 50% of the latter chromatographed as Pool I. Up to 50% of the Pool I radioantibody from this group of patients was bound to the SP anti-CEA, whereas it was minimally reactive with the SP anti-human IgG. The clearance of radioantibody was similar between groups having different amounts of Pool I radioantibody, and injection of CEA radioantibody was not accompanied by a decrease in circulating antigen. Patients with lower CEA titers had the majority of the plasma radioactivity chromatographing as Pool I radioantibody which showed elevated binding to the SP anti-human IgG but not the SP anti-CEA. Tumor localization by photoscanning was observed in seven of eight and nine of nine patients who had circulating CEA radioantibody and anti-immunoglobulin-radioantibody complexes, respectively. Thus, these studies demonstrate that CEA, as well as human antibody reactive with goat IgG, can form immune complexes in patients given injections of CEA radiolocalizing antibody. However, these complexes do not appear to prevent tumor radioimmunodetection. PMID- 7008936 TI - Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-accelerated phospholipid metabolism by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid. AB - The tumor-promoting agent, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), accelerates choline phospholipid synthesis in bovine lymphocytes by an oxygen dependent mechanism. This action is prevented by high concentrations of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (1 to 3 mM), suggesting a possible involvement of lipid oxidation in the response. The acetylenic analog of arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), at concentrations in the 10 to 50 microM range also prevents the acceleration of the incorporation of [methyl-3H]choline hydrochloride into choline phospholipids, and it appears more selective in its action. This antagonistic effect of ETYA, an agent which inhibits both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase routes of arachidonic acid oxidation, can be precluded by arachidonic acid but not by other unsaturated or saturated fatty acids. If ETYA is added to lymphocyte cultures after 1 hr of TPA treatment, the established rate of [methyl-3H]choline hydrochloride incorporation is unaffected, but further acceleration is blocked. The inhibition by ETYA cannot be counteracted by any of the prostaglandins, Types A, B, D, E, or F alpha, or by the prostacyclin compounds, PGI1 and 6,9-thia-PGI2. The thromboxane pathway also appears not to be involved since 9,11-azoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (Azo I), a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, does not affect the TPA response. These results suggest that TPS may activate the lipoxygenase rather than the cyclooxygenase pathway for lipid oxidation and that an arachidonic acid hydroperoxide or a subsequent metabolite plays a key role in the stimulation of choline phospholipid synthesis by the tumor-promoting phorbol ester, TPA. PMID- 7008937 TI - Brain tumor chemotherapy: an evaluation of agents in current use for phase II and III trials. AB - The reported English-language literature since 1969 on chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors has been collated, and reports of drugs or drug combinations used in phase II or III trials or with adjunctive therapies are reviewed. A significant fraction of the literature contained only anecdotal information, and even in the reports of more systematic trials, the criteria used to evaluate response were variable, ranging from subjective evaluation of clinical improvement to more stringent evaluations using one or more neurodiagnostic tests. A more consistent method of determining response is needed to facilitate comparison of different treatment protocols in the future, and guidelines for this are suggested. It appears that drugs of small molecular size (less than 450 daltons) and high lipid solubility have been the most effective. Single-agent chemotherapy using cell cycle-specific drugs has, however, been disappointing. The nitrosoureas (especially BCNU) used either singly or in combination have consistently been the most effective agents in phase II and III trials. The combination of irradiation with adjunctive BCNU remains, for the present, the standard against which all other phase II and III protocols should be compared. New drugs for phase II evaluations are sorely needed. There is also need for new combination-drug and sequential-drug protocols for evaluation. The use of radiosensitizing agents with more novel radiation therapy fractionations and in combination with adjunctive drug therapies holds some promise for improving the disappointing results obtained thus far with chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors. PMID- 7008938 TI - Randomized clinical trial comparing two dose regimens of ICRF-159 in refractory malignant lymphomas. AB - A clinical trial of ICRF-159 was done in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphomas whose tumors had become resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Antitumor effect and toxicity were compared in patients who were randomly assigned to receive either a loading course or a weekly regimen. Among 82 evaluable cases, five of 39 (13%) treated with the loading course schedule and six of 43 (14%) treated with the weekly schedule experienced objective tumor regressions. Response duration tended to be brief (median, 7 weeks). Life threatening myelosuppression was more frequent in patients receiving the loading course regimen. Survival was somewhat longer among patients receiving the weekly schedule (median survival, 24 versus 12 weeks; P = 0.04). ICRF-159 demonstrated definite but limited therapeutic activity in this population of patients with advanced malignant lymphomas. The weekly schedule was associated with fewer episodes of life-threatening toxicity and longer patient survival. PMID- 7008939 TI - Double-blind clinical evaluation of intra-articular glucosamine in outpatients with gonarthrosis. AB - Fifty-four outpatients with gonarthrosis participated in a double-blind clinical test with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and tolerance of intra-articular glucosamine in comparison with a 0.9% NaCl placebo. Each patient had one intra articular injection per week for five consecutive weeks. Pain, active and passive mobility of the joint, swelling, and generalized and local intolerance symptoms were recorded before beginning the treatment, and four weeks after the last injection. glucosamine reduced pain to a significantly greater extent than did placebo, and resulted in significantly more pain-free patients. The angle of joint flexion substantially increased after glucosamine treatment. Active mobility increased with both treatments, with a more favorable trend after glucosamine administration. Knee swelling did not decrease significantly after glucosamine, whereas it worsened (although no significantly) after placebo. There were no local or general intolerance symptoms during and after treatment. Glucosamine administration was able to accelerate the recovery of arthrosic patients, with no resulting side effects, and to partially restore articular function. In addition, the clinical recovery did not fade after treatment ended, but lasted for the following month, at least. These features are a definite improvement over antirheumatic drugs, the major drawbacks of which are action of short duration and side effects. Glucosamine therapy therefore deserves a selected place in the management of osteoarthrosis. PMID- 7008940 TI - Influence of spasmolytic treatment and amniotomy on delivery times: a factorial clinical trial. AB - In a double-blind factorial clinical trial in 300 patients (150 primiparae and 150 multiparae), the effects of amniotomy, rociverine, and butylscopolamine bromide administration on the course of labor were investigated. Rociverine significantly reduced the dilatation time and had no effect on the delivery time. Butylscopolamine bromide had no appreciable effect on the dilatation and expulsion times. Amniotomy resulted in a lengthening of the dilatation time and no significant change in the expulsion time. PMID- 7008941 TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of ribavirin in the treatment of acute measles. AB - In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, treatment of measles patients with ribavirin resulted in shorter and less severe disease, as well as fewer complications, compared with patients in the placebo, group. Ribavirin was well tolerated. There were no side effects or changes in laboratory values that could be associated with drug-related toxicity. Since reported vaccine failures may increase as immunization levels rise, the use of a safe and effective therapeutic agent, such as ribavirin, will be necessary to treat these cases, as well as those occurring in unvaccinated individuals. PMID- 7008942 TI - Multiple forms of carboxylesterases in Baker's yeast. PMID- 7008943 TI - Serological studies in mice bearing an allogeneic tumor. PMID- 7008944 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of a myosin-like protein in the thyroid gland. PMID- 7008945 TI - Ultrastructural study of a wild strain and three mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen. PMID- 7008946 TI - Post-irradiation thymocyte regeneration after bone marrow transplantation. I. Regeneration and quantification of thymocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow. AB - Growth kinetics of the donor-type thymus cell population after transplantation of bone marrow into irradiated syngeneic recipient mice is biphasic. During the first rapid phase of regeneration, lasting until day 19 after transplantation, the rate of development of the donor cells is independent of the number of bone marrow cells inoculated. The second slow phase is observed only when low numbers of bone marrow cells (2.5 x 10(4)) are transplanted. The decrease in the rate of development is attributed to an efflux of donor cells from the thymus because, at the same time, the first immunologically competent cells are found in spleen. After bone marrow transplantation the regeneration of thymocyte progenitor cells in the marrow is delayed when compared to regeneration of CFUs. Therefore, regenerating marrow has a greatly reduced capacity to restore the thymus cell population. One week after transplantation of 3 x 10(6) cells, 1% of normal capacity of bone marrow is found. It is concluded that the regenerating thymus cells population after bone marrow transplantation is composed of the direct progeny of precursor cells in the inoculum. PMID- 7008947 TI - Localization by immunofluorescence of a gastrin-like substance in the brain of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - With the aid of an indirect immunofluorescence technique neurons containing a gastrin-like substance were identified in the brain of Salmo gairdneri. The perikarya of these neurones appear to be located along the periventricular part of the nucleus lateralis tuberis between the hypophysial stalk and the most rostral tip of the saccus vasculosus. The fibres of these perikarya run rostrally toward the hypophysis, where they can be followed in the protrusions of the neurohypophysis into the proximal pars distalis. Here the bundle of immunoreactive fibres divides into numerous smaller bundles and into single fibres. Immunohistochemical specificity test have shown this immunoreactive substance to belong to the gastrin group, sharing an antigenic determinant with cholecystokinin (CCK) and pentagastrin (common amino-acid sequence Trp-Met-Asp Phe). A possible function of these gastrin (or CCK)-containing neurones in the rainbow trout is discussed. PMID- 7008948 TI - Concurrent dosage with niridazole and metrifonate for the treatment of Bilharziasis in school children in Malawi. PMID- 7008949 TI - Unorthodox codon reading and the evolution of the genetic code. PMID- 7008950 TI - A genetic approach to characterizing complex promoters in E. coli. PMID- 7008951 TI - Antibodies to chemically synthesized peptides predicted from DNA sequences as probes of gene expression. PMID- 7008952 TI - Surface domains of the guinea pig sperm defined with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies have been produced that recognize surface molecules of the guinea pig sperm. Each antibody binds to a unique, localized region of the sperm surface. The four antibody-binding patterns are restricted to the anterior head, of the sperm, the posterior head, the whole head and the posterior tail. Based on absorption experiments, the surface molecules detected by the antibodies are differentiation antigens. Three of the antibodies immunoprecipitate 125I labeled protein antigens. The molecular weights of the polypeptides observed after SDS-PAGE are 52,000 (anterior head), 42,000 (whole head), and 60,000 (posterior head). The observed monoclonal antibody-binding patterns suggest that the guinea pig sperm surface is divided into a minimum of four domains. PMID- 7008953 TI - Mitochondrial tRNA gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans: organization and nucleotide sequence. PMID- 7008954 TI - Lentoids in aggregates of embryonic neural retina cells. PMID- 7008955 TI - Deregulation of mouse antibody-forming cells by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE). III. Modification of T-cell-dependent plaque-forming cell responses of mouse immunocytes is a common property of highly purified and of crude preparations of SPE. PMID- 7008956 TI - Transfer of cell-mediated immunity with cell-free leukocyte extracts. I. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo assays of cell-mediated immune function. PMID- 7008957 TI - Transfer of cell-mediated immunity with cell-free leukocyte extracts. III. Demonstration of Ia antigens in the specific component. PMID- 7008961 TI - [The first 10 years of the pharmacy school at Karlovy University]. PMID- 7008959 TI - Subpopulations of splenic T and B lymphocytes producing and regulating leukocyte adherence inhibition factor. PMID- 7008958 TI - The involvement of a preformed cytoplasmic receptor pool in the reexpression of Fc receptors following their interaction with various antibodies. PMID- 7008960 TI - Interaction of macrophages and lymphocytes for lymphokine production and cellular proliferation. PMID- 7008962 TI - [Intrauterine fetal growth]. PMID- 7008963 TI - [Prostaglandins and pregnancy]. PMID- 7008964 TI - [Role of hormones in the regulation of testosterone secretion]. PMID- 7008965 TI - Clinico-pathological studies of the response and the protective procedures of the pulp tissues after jacket crown preparation under water-spray coolants on human permanent teeth. PMID- 7008966 TI - Atrial septal aneurysm: a cause for midsystolic click. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A patient who was evaluated for a midsystolic click was found to have an aneurysm of the atrial septum as an isolated anomaly. Bulging of this aneurysm into the right atrium was associated with the production of the click. Echo-, phono-, and angiocardiographic features are presented, with a review of the literature on atrial septal aneurysms. These aneurysms, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with midsystolic click. PMID- 7008967 TI - Selective reduction of renal perfusion pressure and blood flow in man: humoral and hemodynamic effects. PMID- 7008968 TI - Enzyme immunoassay and enzyme inhibition assay of methotrexate, with use of the centrifugal analyzer. AB - Methotrexate was determined by the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) with the Multistat and CentrifiChem centrifugal analyzers and by the enzyme inhibition assay with use of the Multistat centrifugal analyzer. With both methods, the standard curve extends from 0.2 to 2.0 mumol/L and there is no interference from bilirubin in concentrations up to 100 mg/L. Moderately lipemic samples do not interfere with the EMIT method, but lower the values obtained with the enzyme inhibition assay. Hemoglobin concentrations as great as 1 g/L do not affect results for methotrexate obtained by the enzyme inhibition assay. With the EMIT assay, methotrexate values are lowered in samples containing hemoglobin in concentrations exceeding 750 mg/L. With the EMIT assay, the following compounds in concentrations of 1 mmol/L do not interfere: leucovorin, 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine. When folic acid (100 mumol/L) was added to a serum that did not contain methotrexate, a response equivalent to 0.15 mumol/L was obtained. Methotrexate is stable for five days in serum stored at 23, 4, or -20 degrees C. Within-run precision (CV) for the enzyme inhibition method ranged from 4.7 to 8.1% and for the EMIT assay from 2.5 to 6.2%. Methotrexate concentrations in the serum of children receiving high-dose therapy were compared by three methods: competitive protein binding, EMIT, and enzyme inhibition assays. The correlation coefficients averaged 0.95. PMID- 7008970 TI - Normal range for the third component of complement by solid-phase immunofluorescence. PMID- 7008969 TI - Extended clinical trial and evaluation of urea nitrogen determination with the Ektachem GLU/BUN analyzer. AB - We followed the "abbreviated precision protocol" of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the evaluation of precision, accuracy, and carryover in analysis for urea nitrogen with the multilayer film analysis system ("Ektachem"). We analyzed 456 clinical samples with this instrument, by the manual urease/glucose dehydrogenase method, and with the Beckman System I GLU/BUN Analyzer. Precision and accuracy were estimated for 50, 220, 270, and 500 mg/L urea nitrogen concentrations in 100, 30, or 20 microL of serum. Potential interference of 15 compounds was evaluated. Random error (defined as 1.965 X SD) was 7, 10, 12, and 18 mg/L. Systematic error was 3, 4, 5, and 15 mg/L. Total analytical error was 11, 14, 17, and 34 mg/L for analysis of 100 microL of serum at the above-stated urea nitrogen concentrations. The greatest interference (6 mg/L) was caused by ethanol (300 mg/L) and by hemoglobin (500 mg/L) in the urea nitrogen (at 260 mg/L) determination. Urea nitrogen concentration, as determined with the Ektachem was linearly related to the expected concentration, at least up to 1187 mg/L. Carryover was not statistically significant. PMID- 7008971 TI - Official caution on CEA assay. PMID- 7008972 TI - Measurement of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes: six procedures compared. AB - Six procedures were evaluated for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isoenzyme assay in human serum and tissue homogenates. Results of procedures based on immunochemical precipitation by use of antibodies directed against either the mitochondrial or (with greater precision) soluble isoenzyme correlated well with those by a differential kinetic assay involving both different pH conditions and adipate inhibition. Results with a DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatographic procedure correlated well with these techniques for specimens containing purified isoenzymes, but showed substantial positive bias for determination of the mitochondrial isoenzyme in human serum. An assay based on the differential effects of pH alone discriminated between the isoenzymes with less bias than did the chromatographic assay. Precision of the two differential pH assays was limited by significant reagent blank activity resulting from destruction of NADH at pH 6.0 or 6.2. An electrophoretic procedure in which diazonium salt is used to make oxalacetate visible was least accurate for measuring samples for which the isoenzyme composition was known. PMID- 7008973 TI - Insulin degradation by human erythrocyte lysates. AB - In vitro hemolysates of isolated human erythrocytes degrade 125I-labeled insulin. Ten- to 100-fold dilutions of the hemolysate give a proportionately decreased degradation of 125I-labeled insulin at 37 degrees C, while dilutions of up to eightfold do not. Like the control, diluted "Buffer G" containing 5 mmol/L Tris and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer alone, more than 500-fold dilutions of the hemolysate or boiled hemolysate (in buffer) caused negligible (less than 1%) degradation of the labeled insulin. We conclude that accurate insulin-binding data during erythrocyte insulin radioreceptor assay under optimum conditions (Clin. Chem. 23: 1590-1595, 1977) depend on avoiding or minimizing hemolysis. PMID- 7008974 TI - Saul R. Gilford (1919-1979), a biographical sketch. PMID- 7008976 TI - Heparin does not affect enzyme immunoassay of gentamicin. PMID- 7008975 TI - Hypophosphatasia in renal-transplant patients. PMID- 7008977 TI - Reduced glutathione is not required for measurement of alpha-D-glucosidase in human seminal plasma. PMID- 7008978 TI - Therapeutic effects of topical benzydamine in gynecology. AB - The study was performed on 124 patients divided into 4 groups on the basis of vaginal smears: 1) 60 patients with mild non-specific bacterial vaginitis; 2) 40 patients with moderate or severe non-specific bacterial vaginitis; 3) 10 patients with moderate or severe monilial vaginitis; 4) 14 patients with moderate or severe trichomonal vaginitis. Each group was subsequently divided at random into two subgroups, comprising the same number of patients, who were treated under double blind conditions with vaginal douches of 10/00 benzydamine of placebo (1 douching per day for 10 days). Specific standard therapy with antibiotics, antimycotic and antitrichomonal agents was used concomitantly in groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Vaginal smears, performed a few days after the end of the treatment period, and the improvement in symptoms and sings, demonstrated the curative action of benzydamine in mild non-specific vaginitis as well as its symptomatic effect and potentiation of specific therapy in moderate and severe bacterial, monilial and trichomonal vaginitis. PMID- 7008979 TI - Oculomotor palsy from malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7008980 TI - The proteinuria of diabetic nephropathy. AB - The results of an investigation into the nature of the proteinuria of diabetic nephropathy are described. Proteinuria increases quantitatively with deteriorating renal function but there is no consistent qualitative change; even with small amounts of proteinuria the selectivity may be poor and the proportion of albumin to the total excretion constant. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenesis of the glomerular dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7008981 TI - Magnetisable solid-phase separation fluoroimmunoassay for total oestriol in pregnancy serum. AB - A rapid separation fluoroimmunoassay for serum or plasma levels of total oestriol in pregnancy was established, based on the use of fluorescein-labelled oestriol and sheep anti-oestriol serum covalently linked to magnetisable particles. Equilibrium was attained within 10 min, and the fluorescence of the bound fraction of labelled ligand was quantitated fluorimetrically after elution from the magnetisable particles. Results for pregnancy serum samples correlated well with an established radioimmunoassay technique and the sensitivity, precision and accuracy were appropriate for clinical use. Advantages of this system as compared with radioimmunoassay include the speed and simplicity of end-point detection, prolonged shelf-life of the labelled reactant and absence of any health hazard. The separation step enabled the removal of any endogenous fluorophores or other interfering factors present in biological samples. PMID- 7008982 TI - Intestinal peptidases and sucrase in coeliac disease. AB - The activities of microvillus aminopeptidase (microsomal, EC 3.4.11.2), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.-), glycyl-leucine dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11), proline dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.9), sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) were measured in peroral intestinal biopsies taken from patients with coeliac disease in the acute phase and in remission. A comparison with the amounts of corresponding activities from a reference group showed that all the measured activities were significantly decreased in the acute phase of the disease. In patients in remission only microvillus aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl dipeptidase IV displayed a substantial depression as compared to the reference group. It is suggested that a primary mucosal digestion defect will result in lack of substrate for other intestinal enzymes. This is a situation comparable to starvation and may explain the variation in the grade of restitution for the different enzymes. PMID- 7008983 TI - A solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay of tobramycin. AB - A solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay has been developed for the determination of tobramycin in serum. The principle of this method is based on direct competition of a fluorescein-labeled and unlabeled hapten for a fixed amount of specific antibody immobilized on a dipstick sampler. The bound and free labeled hapten are separated simply by removing the sampler from the reaction mixture. The fluorescence signal from the bound fluorescein-labeled hapten is measured with a FIAX fluorometer. The fluorescein-labeled tobramycin, which is easily prepared, has excellent shelf life. The assay is fast and simple, involves only one pipetting step, and avoids the use of radiochemicals. Within-assay coefficients of variation are less than 10%. The assay correlates well with radioimmunoassay (r = 0.97) and radioenzymatic assay (r = 0.96). PMID- 7008984 TI - Temperature dependent rise in activity of horseradish peroxidase caused by non ionic detergents and its use in enzyme-immunoassay. AB - Non-ionic detergents such as polyoxyethylene-octylphenol or -sorbitolester were found to increase activity of horseradish peroxidase due to delay of inactivation in the course of substrate reaction. This rise in activity was investigated using different chromogens and was highest with o-dianisidine. An increasing stability of the enzyme to higher reaction temperatures was observed when detergents were added to the substrate solution, and the action of detergents also is enhanced with increasing reaction temperature and time. Different degrees of activation were found when comparing substrate conversion with and without detergents using free peroxidase (2.7-fold) and conjugated peroxidase bound to the solid phase by antigen antibody reaction (1.8-fold). In enzyme-immunoassay, detection limit and analytical sensitivity can be doubled. PMID- 7008985 TI - The carotid artery in head and neck oncology. PMID- 7008986 TI - A radiometric assay for the combined measurement of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans. AB - A radiometric assay for combined measurement of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) is presented. The assay, based upon the incorporation of 3H-uridine into the micro organisms, makes it possible to measure phagocytosis and intracellular killing simultaneously but independently in a single sample. Thus it is possible to determine in a single assay whether increased survival of the micro-organism is due to reduced ingestion or reduced ability of the PMN to kill. The assay is objective, quantitative and convenient for clinical application. It is also suitable for analysing the effects of various agents, including serum factors and drugs, on PMN function. PMID- 7008988 TI - IgA antibody against Aspergillus fumigatus antigen in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - IgA antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) antigen were measured by a radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and compared with IgA antibody levels in asthmatics who had positive prick tests to Af and normal controls. The assay for IgA antibody discriminated between both control groups and the ABPA group at two serum dilutions (10(-2) and 10(-3)) but did not discriminate all individual ABPA sera from the peak levels of antibody in the control groups. IgA antibody against Af may participate in the immunopathogenetics of pulmonary inflammation in some cases of ABPA and may be of some diagnostic value in some, but not all, cases. PMID- 7008989 TI - The effects of captopril (SQ14,225) on the systemic and coronary haemodynamics of the intact anaesthetized dog. AB - 1. The effects of Captopril (SQ14,225), an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, given intravenously in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg ws studied in intact anaesthetized dogs. 2. The drug caused a decrease in systemic and pulmonary arterial mean pressures, an increase in cardiac output, and hence a decrease in calculated systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. A sustained tachycardia also occurred. 3. A minor, transient increase in coronary sinus flow was recorded, with a sustained decrease in calculated coronary vascular resistance. 4. No change was found in cardiac oxygen metabolism nor in calculated cardiac efficiency. 5. The plasma renin values increased in the control animals and those given the drug. PMID- 7008987 TI - Extracorporeal immunoadsorption of myeloma IgG and autoimmune antibodies: a clinically feasible modality of treatment. AB - Using heat-killed, formalin-stabilized Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I suspension, it was possible to remove myeloma IgG and autoimmune anti-red blood cell antibodies from two patients' plasma following an extracorporeal procedure. The arterial anticoagulated blood was processed through a cell separator machine. The separated plasma was pumped through a bacterial filter containing S. aureus suspension. The adsorbed plasma was then reunited with the blood cells and returned to the patient through the vein. S. aureus Cowan I could selectively remove the myeloma IgG and autoimmune anti-red cell antibodies from the patients' plasma prolonging the lives of these two terminal patients. The immunoadsorption procedure appears to be a safe, practical and quick method for the removal of pathological IgG from the patients' plasma. PMID- 7008990 TI - Results of a preliminary "blind" study on the presence of the human tumor nucleolar antigen in breast carcinomas, benign breast tumors, and normal breast tissues. PMID- 7008991 TI - Production of human leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. I. Effect of various metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7008992 TI - Suppression of LIF production but not blastogenesis in patients with tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7008993 TI - Presence of circulation immune complexes in Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7008994 TI - The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) immunohistological technique: detection of immune complexes bound to the PMN membrane in acute poststreptococcal and lupus nephritis. AB - Twenty-nine patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and 6 patients with Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APGN) have been studied with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) immunohistological technique to detect in vivo interaction between circulating immune complexes (IC) and PMN membrane receptors. Patients have been studied both at diagnosis and during follow-up and the results compared to those yielded by the C1qSP test. Our data provide evidence that the PMN immunohistological technique may prove a useful tool in monitoring IC disease. Moreover, elution studies may allow the detection and characterization of the antigens in the PMN-bound IC. PMID- 7008995 TI - Vasospastic angina. PMID- 7008996 TI - Mechanism of action of verapamil in ischemic heart disease: observations on changes in systemic and coronary hemodynamics and coronary vasomobility. PMID- 7008997 TI - Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7008998 TI - Hypertrophic occlusive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7008999 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an overview. PMID- 7009000 TI - Verapamil therapy: a new approach to the pharmacologic treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7009001 TI - Clinical uses of calcium ion antagonists in arrhythmias. PMID- 7009003 TI - Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter fibrillation with intravenous verapamil: efficacy and mechanism of action. PMID- 7009002 TI - Verapamil versus placebo in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. PMID- 7009004 TI - Pharmacodynamic comparison of oral and intravenous verapamil in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7009005 TI - Hemodynamic effects in patients with cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7009007 TI - Surgical reduction of spondylolisthesis using a posterior approach. AB - In 26 cases, spondylolisthesis was reduced and stabilized by an intervertebral graft in a new one-step surgical procedure. A critical review of various techniques presently in use illustrates the evolution of the one-stage operation. A most recent modification of the operation is open reduction and internal fixation by a combination of Harrington instrumentation and the posterior intervertebral arthrodesis of Cloward. PMID- 7009006 TI - Hemodynamic effects of calcium ion antagonists after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7009008 TI - Wound contamination through drapes and gowns: a study using tracer particles. PMID- 7009009 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in deep infections after total hip arthroplasty: differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious loosening. AB - Five separate biopsy samples for bacterial culture were taken at primary total hip arthroplasty in patients without signs of infection and at reoperation of patients with infectious and noninfectious loosening of the prosthesis. Based on the results of the culture, on serologic results and on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, bacteria of clinical significance could be distinguished from contaminants. Growth in one or two of five biopsy samples was a strong indicator of contamination, while growth in five of five biopsy samples of one or two bacterial species strongly indicated an infection. These diagnostic procedures are applied to differentiate between infectious and noninfectious loosening of the prosthesis. In the delayed infections, the low-virulent aerobic and anaerobic bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes and peptococci were predominant. PMID- 7009010 TI - Bone-forming and bone-resorbing cell lines derived from bone marrow in tissue culture. AB - The differentiation of connective tissue outgrowths of adult bone marrow in response to the organic matrix of bone was observed in tissue culture by correlated histologic, electron microscopic, biochemical, and radioisotope labeling methods. On a substratum of bone matrix gelatin, myelogenous cells degenerate and disappear while stromal and perivascular cells proliferate and differentiate into mesenchymal-type, monocytoid, and giant cells. From primary cultures of bone marrow cells on bone matrix, cartilage differentiates in isolated areas but only in small islets. With continuous subculture through 25 generations, the proportions of two functionally different populations of chondrogenetic and matrix-resorbing cells gradually emerge. Up to the time of the ninth generation of subculture, the chondrogenetic population predominates. After the 14th to the 25th generation, clones of matrix-resorbing large monocytoid cells predominate and rapidly digest the matrix substratum. Measurements of 35S uptake demonstrate that control cultures of muscle-derived mesenchymal-type cells produce about twice as much cartilage as marrow-derived mesenchymal-type cells. A decline in the chondrogenetic cell population and corresponding rise in the matrix-resorbing cell population is demonstrable by a progressive increase in the quantity of hydroxyproline-containing peptides in the culture medium. This decline is not attributable to conditions in culture because there was progressive loss of chondrogenetic activity of the eighth and 20th passage even when the cells were transplanted in diffusion chambers back into an isologous host. The problem is how to account for the competence of marrow stromal cells to differentiate into bone without bone matrix in vivo but not in vitro. Mixed cultures of muscle and marrow outgrowths produce only half as much cartilage (measured by 36S-uptake/microgramDNA in the system) as muscle outgrowths alone. These observations suggest that a bone marrow-derived matrix-resorbing cell population, by some unknown mechanism, inhibits proliferation of cartilage-bone precursor cell populations. The nature of the inhibition requires investigation by detailed biochemical analyses of marrow cell culture media and chemical extracts of whole bone marrow tissue. PMID- 7009011 TI - Ectopic bone formation and aging. AB - Six-week-old, 6-month-old, and 2-year-old female rats of the Wistar strain were implanted with decalcified bone powder prepared from rats of the same strain. An encapsulated deposit of cartilage and bone formed. The deposits were removed at intervals and studied histologically and after administration of 45Ca. Intramembranous bone formed in 14 days in the 6-week-old animals, but was not seen until the 23rd day in the 2-year-old rats. This implant system may provide a model for the study of the mechanisms for the decline of osteogenesis, or the low bone formation rate which occurs with aging. PMID- 7009012 TI - Distraction epiphysiolysis as a method of limb lengthening. II. Morphologic investigations. AB - Distraction epiphysiolysis as a means of lengthening bone has been studied in sheep tibiae by histologic, histochemical and microradiographic and electron microscopic methods. The tibiae have been studied 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and 2, 4, 6 and 12 months after the induction of this procedure. Distraction epiphysiolysis occurs in the following stages: development of a fracture along a line dividing the maturing from the hypertrophic chondrocytes, with the formation of a hematoma between the fracture surfaces; downward displacement of the metaphyseal cartilaginous fragment and gradual resorption of the hematoma, which is replaced by fibrous tissue; elongation of the fibrous tissue; with the formation of collagen bundles oriented parallel to the tensile force of distraction; calcification and ossification of these bundles, with the formation of longitudinal and parallel bone trabeculae; development of periosteal bone, which becomes a new diaphyseal shaft. The results show that distraction epiphysiolysis actually lengthens the bone segments; bone structure is completely restored, without serious changes occurring in the soft tissues. Restoration of endochondral ossification in the epiphysis tends to be unpredictable, however, so that the procedure is reliable only in subjects that have almost reached skeletal maturity. PMID- 7009013 TI - Wiring of the cervical spinous processes. PMID- 7009014 TI - Trabecular pattern indicators of bone viability and necrosis. AB - Hyperemic osteoporosis can be detected early on serial roentgenograms by loss of the fine trabecular pattern. Maintenance of the normal pattern may be a sign of avascular necrosis. During repair, the fine trabeculae reconstitute poorly, and new bone deposits on the remaining primary heavier trabeculae, leaving a permanent coarse pattern as an indication of former osteoporosis. PMID- 7009015 TI - The classic. Exposure of ruptured lumbar discs: a technical discussion. AB - Technical problems in disc surgery are discussed. Hypotension keeps bleeding under control while surgery is in progress and offers a good view of the exposed area. Hypotension protects against postoperative haematoma. The approach must limit damage to important functional elements. By making the incision in the dorsal fascia lateral to the spinous processes and closing the wound with the spine flexed, postoperative tightness is less pronounced. Extensive disc removal protects against disc material being squeezed out when early weightbearing is permitted. The patient is allowed to leave bed the day after surgery. No physiotherapy, no support, no fusion are needed. PMID- 7009020 TI - Conjunctivitis and ethmoiditis due to Shigella flexneri in an infant. PMID- 7009019 TI - A controlled trial of pyridoxine supplementation in children with febrile convulsions. AB - A total of 107 children who had been hospitalized following a febrile convulsion were enrolled into the trial. By random allocation, 55 children were treated with pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mgs twice daily) and the remaining 52 children were treated with a placebo until there had been either a further convulsion or a year had passed without recurrence. Eighty children were adequately followed up and of these, 17 had a recurrent febrile convulsion while receiving medication. Recurrences occurrences occurred in 7 of the 38 children receiving pyridoxine and in 10 of the 42 children receiving placebo (X2 = .346, p greater than 0.5). Initial tryptophan load tests had been abnormal in 34 children, and of these, recurrences occurred in 3 of the 17 who received pyridoxine and in 3 of the 17 who received placebo. It has yet to be shown that pyridoxine supplementation protects children from recurrent febrile convulsions. PMID- 7009021 TI - Transdermal scopolamine in the prevention of motion sickness at sea. AB - Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of scopolamine, absorbed through intact skin, in preventing motion sickness at sea. Efficacy of transdermal scopolamine was compared with oral dimenhydrinate and placebo. Transdermal applications were made 4 to 16 hr before exposure to motion. Dimenhydrinate or placebo was given 1.5 hr before motion and again 2.5 hr after motion began. Comparison with placebo indicated that transdermal scopolamine provided protection against motion sickness at a significance level of p = 0.0001 and oral dimenhydrinate at a level of p = 0.05. Dry mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision associated with transdermal scopolamine therapy were minimal. PMID- 7009017 TI - Intertransverse process lumbar arthrodesis with autogenous bone graft. AB - Fifty-eight patients with a variety of causes of chronic low back pain underwent posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar arthrodesis utilizing autologous iliac bone graft. The overall success rate of achieving fusion was 92%. Most of the failures occurred at the L4-L5 level. The economic and functional improvement as a result of this operation was between 70% and 80%, indicating that achievement of lumbar arthrodesis does not necessarily mean a successful surgical result. Overall improvement did not correlate specifically with levels of fusion or with performance of a laminectomy, but a history of prior low back surgery significantly lowered the success rate, regardless of achievement of a solid arthrodesis. Persisting discomfort at the iliac crest bone graft donor site somewhat lowered the overall improvement rate. Intertransverse process lumbar arthrodesis appears to be a highly satisfactory and perhaps a superior method of achieving lumbar fusion, when arthrodesis is indicated. PMID- 7009016 TI - Bone allografts in spinal surgery. AB - Despite long-standing interest by orthopedic surgeons in the replacement of diseased segments of the spine with grafts from other individuals, progress in this direction does not extend beyond the last two decades. One of the reasons for a relatively slow rate of progress in these endeavors was the lack of individuals and organizations devoted to safely obtaining and preparing bone allografts for routine clinical transplantation. In an effort to overcome this difficulty, a Tissue Bank was established at the University of Miami-Jackson Medical Center. The service offered by this bank provided an impetus for the clinical study and use of freeze-dried bone allografts, not only in our institution but also extended to orthopedic and neurologic surgeons throughout the United States. PMID- 7009018 TI - Intertransverse process fusion with the aid of chemosterilized autolyzed antigen extracted allogeneic (AAA) bone. AB - Forty intertransverse process spinal fusions were performed across two to three vertebrae in four cases of fracture-dislocations of the dorsolumbar region and 36 cases of degenerative joint and disk disease, including spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis of lumbosacral segments. In all cases, arthrodesis was performed with a composite of AAA cortical bone strips and local autologous spongiosa, including lamellar bone chips. The iliac crest was not used as a donor site in any case. The apophyseal joints were erased, packed with autologous bone slivers, and transfixed with AAA bone pegs. In selected cases, AAA cortical bone "H-blocks" were also placed between the spinous process as in a routine posterior lateral arthrodesis. In cases of bilateral total laminectomy for fractures or spinal stenosis, the excised cancellous bone chips were cleaned of soft parts and transplanted across the transverse processes beneath and around the AAA cortical bone implants. In the above-described operations, graded by the Anatomic Functional Economic (AEF) system, the long-term excellent and good results were: 4/4 in fracture dislocations; 23/28 in degenerative arthritis and spinal stenosis; 5/8 in spondylolisthesis. Overall, there were over 80% excellent and good results; the pseudarthrosis rate was 12%. In a comparable surgical procedure with autologous iliac bone in 58 control cases, reported in the foregoing article in this volume, the minimum pseudarthrosis rate was 8%. Raw band bone, either frozen or freeze-dried, is now either so infrequently considered or unavailable for lumbar spinal operations or unavailable for lumbar spinal operations that further investigations of AAA bone grafts are warranted in a statistically significant number of patients. Although autologous bone is the ideal bone for a graft, the most important incentive for further investigations of AAA bone is the avoidance of complications of excision of massive bone grafts from iliac crests. PMID- 7009023 TI - The radiology of cholesteatoma. AB - The diagnosis of most cholesteatomas of the middle ear is made by direct examination of a perforation in the eardrum, and the only radiological investigation necessary for these patients is a set of plain petro-mastoid views. Of these the lateral with caudal tilt of the tube is the most useful, since it demonstrates the extent of pneumatisation and the position of the lateral sinus and middle fossa dura. The radiographic appearances do not generally affect the surgical approach or the course of the operation which must be exploratory. Nevertheless multidirectional or computerised tomography can demonstrate the soft tissue mass of a small cholesteatoma as well as the typical attico-antral erosion and ossicular displacement and destruction that occur. Tomographic investigation is needed when the diagnosis is in doubt, as when the eardrum is obscured, or when complications develop, but should not cause delay in instituting necessary surgery. For the rare congenital cholesteatoma in or close to the petrous pyramid with an intact eardrum, tomographic studies are essential to show the extent of the bone erosion, and to plan the surgical approach. The appearance of a smoothly outlined expansile lesion in the petrous pyramid may be almost pathognomonic, especially if this is shown to have low attenuation values after contrast enhancement. The role of high resolution CT in these cases is discussed. PMID- 7009022 TI - Prostacyclin metabolites in human plasma. AB - The major metabolites of prostacyclin (PGI2) in human plasma have been determined after intravenous infusion of tritium-labeled prostacyclin. Plasma was extracted and chromatographed. On high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), several radioactive peaks could be resolved. The major peak containing 41.6% of the radioactivity had the retention volume of authentic 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha), the stable in vitro hydrolysis product of prostacyclin. When the material of this peak was derivatized to the methoxime methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the fragments m/z 508 and 598, which are characteristic of this derivative of 6-keto-PFG 1 alpha were detected. A much smaller peak representing 6.6% of the radioactivity eluted from HPLC with the same retention volume as dinor-6, 15-diketo-13, 14-dihydro-PGF 1 alpha. On gas chromatography-mass spectrometry this material resulted in the fragments m/z 527, 468, 437, and 347, which are characteristic for this prostanoid. Finally, 10.1% of the radioactivity with ions m/z 571m 481, 391, and 354 on mass spectrometric analysis could be identified as dinor-6, 15-diketo-13, 14-dihydro-20-carboxyl-PGF 1 alpha. It is concluded that 6-keto-PFG 1 alpha represents the major breakdown product of prostacyclin in human plasma. In addition, dinor-6, 15-diketo-13, 14-dihydro-PGF 1 alpha and its w-oxidized analog could be identified circulating metabolites. PMID- 7009024 TI - Plasma renin activity in normal human pregnancy and in pregnancy-associated hypertension, with reference to cryoactivation. PMID- 7009025 TI - Dissociation of renin--aldosterone and renal prostaglandin E during volume expansion induced by immersion in normal man. AB - The relationship of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone axis with renal prostaglandin E is complex. Although studies have suggested that these two hormonal systems respond to experimental manipulations in a parallel manner, their interdependence has not been assessed fully during volume expansion. Since studies have demonstrated that in normal man the central hypervolaemia induced by water immersion to the neck produces a prompt and profound suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration without concomitant alteration of plasma composition, immersion afforded a unique opportunity to assess simultaneously the effects of central hypervolaemia on plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and prostaglandin E excretion. 2. Seven normal subjects were studied twice while in balance on a diet containing 10 mmol of sodium/day, 100 mmol of potassium/day: with indomethacin administration (50 mg given every 6 h for five doses) and without indomethacin. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was measured hourly and plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration at 30 min intervals. 3. Immersion was associated with a marked suppression of plasma renin activity (59 +/- 7%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (55 +/- 3%) with a return to pre-study values during the recovery hour. Concomitantly, urinary prostaglandin E excretion increased from 4.7 to a peak of 10.9 ng/min. Although administration of indomethacin lowered the basal rate of urinary prostaglandin E excretion and plasma renin activity, it did not prevent the subsequent augmentation of urinary prostaglandin E or the suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone during the subsequent 4 h of immersion. 4. These results demonstrate a dissociation of renin -aldosterone and prostaglandin E during hypervolaemia and suggest that whereas prostaglandin E may constitute one of the major determinants of renin release clinically and experimentally, these two hormonal systems can be dissociated from each other in response to central volume expansion in man. PMID- 7009026 TI - Subcellular fractionation studies on hepatic tissue from a patient with Pompe's disease (type II glycogen-storage disease). AB - 1. An homogenate of liver biopsy taken from a patient with Pompe's disease (type II glycogen-storage disease) was analysed by enzyme microassay and subcellular fractionation by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. 2. A strikingly low activity of lysosomal acid alpha-D-glucosidase was noted but there was also increased activity of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase (found in endoplasmic reticulum). 3. Activities of the acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase and beta-N acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, were elevated compared with those of controls. Measurement of latent beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase activity and results of subcellular fractionation experiments, indicated a marked fragility of certain populations of lysosomes. Lysosomes containing predominantly acid phosphatase and beta-D-glucuronidase activities appeared to have normal integrity. 4. Assessment of organelle pathology by enzyme microassay indicated low mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzyme activities. In addition there was evidence of mitochondrial damage as reflected by increased sucrose permeability and by ultrastructural studies. PMID- 7009027 TI - The effects of treatment with insulin on serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - 1. No significant difference in serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed when control rats were compared with rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes of 14 days duration. Blood glucose and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the diabetic group. 2. In a second experiment rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 8 days duration were given long-acting porcine insulin (1 unit/day or 3 units/day subcutaneously for 14 days) and were compared with a control group. Blood glucose and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations did not differ significantly with the two doses of insulin and there was no significant difference between serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in control rats and either of the two groups of rats given insulin. 3. When the rats given insulin were grouped according to their blood glucose concentrations, those with blood glucose in the range 20-30 mmol/l were found to have significantly higher serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than those with higher or lower blood glucose levels or than controls. There was thus a statistically significant curvilinear relationship between blood glucose and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. PMID- 7009030 TI - [Clinical study of the effect of thiopropamine in duodenal ulcer pathology]. PMID- 7009029 TI - [Randomized double-blind study of loxapine as compared with diazepam in therapy of patients with anxiety neuroses]. PMID- 7009028 TI - [Aerosol administration of corticoids in the therapy of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7009032 TI - [Calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis in rheumatic disorders]. PMID- 7009031 TI - [The paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome: report of a case with associated myoneuropathy]. PMID- 7009033 TI - [Treatment with diphosphonates]. PMID- 7009034 TI - Clinical toxicology of clotrimazole when administered vaginally. AB - Clotrimazole, a tritylimidazole and a new antimicrobial agent, produced itching and irritation of the vulva and vaginal area in less than 1% of the population (N = 131) studied. No abdominal cramps, headache or lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were observed when 200 mg of clotrimazole was inserted deep in the vagina for several days. PMID- 7009035 TI - Carcinogenicity of dichlorvos. AB - Dichlorvos, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used for the control of agricultural, industrial, and domestic pests (Fig. 1) [1]. Dichlorvos is administered orally as an anthelmintic to swine, horses, cats, and dogs. It is applied by dermal application to cattle, goats, sheep, swine, and chickens to control fleas, flies, and mites. Cucumbers, radishes, lettuce, and tomatoes are treated with dichlorvos in greenhouses. Aerosols and strips are used for the control of ants, bedbugs, ticks, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, silverfish, spiders, and wasps. Exposure to dichlorvos is by the inhalation of sprays or vapors from impregnated resins, by skin contact, or orally as a residue in food. The predominant mode of toxicity of dichlorvos is inhibition of cholinesterase. This review includes, to the best of our knowledge, every study on the carcinogenicity of dichlorvos in animals. The studies reviewed are: NCI Dichlorvos Rat Study, Tunstall Laboratory Dichlorvos Rat Study, Kettering Laboratory Dichlorvos Rat Study, Kettering Laboratory Dichlorvos Dog Study, Shell Chemical Company Dichlorvos Swine Study, and NCI Dichlorvos Mouse Study. The conclusions from the NCI Dichlorvos Rat Study and the NCI Dichlorvos Mouse Study are based on my examination and diagnosis of the histological sections. Statistical tests of significance were obtained with Fisher's exact test, and tests for positive linear trend and departure from linear trend. PMID- 7009036 TI - Amphetamine EMIT--structure versus reactivity. AB - Over 60 different amphetamine-related amines were analyzed by EMIT (Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique) at several different concentrations. An attempt is made to relate structural differences to the affinity of the compounds for the EMIT amphetamine antibody. The effects of substituent placement on the amphetamine molecule are studied. Addition of a single alkyl group to the nitrogen of amphetamine increased reactivity, whereas all other structural changes had the reverse effect, decreasing reactivity. PMID- 7009037 TI - Managing childhood ear infections. PMID- 7009038 TI - Marrow transplantation for marrow failure or leukemia. PMID- 7009039 TI - Dental treatment needs and demands of an elderly population in England. AB - A sociodental investigation was conducted among 254 elderly people living at home in Nottingham. A clinical assessment was made of the subjects' dental treatment needs and this was compared with the subjects' felt and expressed needs. Seventy eight percent of the sample were clinically judged as needing dental treatment, mainly some form of prosthetic treatment. There was, however, a wide discrepancy between the normative and perceived needs of this elderly population. Only 42% of those who were clinically assessed as needing treatment felt that they required it and only 19% had actually tried to obtain it. Many of the elderly mentioned a number of barriers to obtaining dental care; these included the cost of treatment, fear of the dentist, immobility and the feeling that they should not "bother" the dentist PMID- 7009040 TI - Bourgelat, founder of veterinary teaching, 1712-1779. PMID- 7009041 TI - [Influenza and associated vaccines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009043 TI - Use of peripheral blood leukocytes in the study of cell-mediated immunity in bovine anaplasmosis--a review. PMID- 7009042 TI - Auto-antibodies specific for lymphocyte surface antigens--a review. PMID- 7009044 TI - Direct and indirect lymphocyte participation in the immunity and immunopathology of tropical canine pancytopenia--a review. PMID- 7009045 TI - Clinical and immunological response of lymphoma dogs following chemotherapy and irradiation. PMID- 7009046 TI - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and light inactivation of proliferating Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium sensitized bovine lymphocytes. PMID- 7009047 TI - Potential use of lymphocyte blastogenic responses in diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. PMID- 7009048 TI - Lymphoid organ and serologic responses of gnotobiotic and conventional chickens to infectious bronchitis virus and mixed infections of Mycoplasma synoviae and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7009049 TI - Flow cytometry: an aid in monitoring lymphocyte transformation in whole blood cultures. PMID- 7009050 TI - Corynebacterium equi: an interhost review with emphasis on the foal. PMID- 7009053 TI - Werner Forssmann (1904-1979) and his unusual success story. PMID- 7009051 TI - Devitalization of salmonellae in fish meals with propionic acid. PMID- 7009052 TI - [Examination of 112 strains of Salmonella abortus ovis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009054 TI - Combined clinical, histological and stereomorphometric studies with a new oral contraceptive of normophasic type: Fysioquens. PMID- 7009055 TI - Low dose injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate 20mg monthly--I. Clinical trials. AB - Clinical trials were undertaken with an injectable low dose progestational contraceptive, norethisterone enanthate 20 mg monthly (Net-en - 20). Data from the study indicate that Net-en - 20 is an effective contraceptive with lower incidence of menstrual cycle disturbances than the currently used injectable progestogens. There was a prompt return of fertility after the withdrawal of the drug. Net-en - 20 did not have any adverse effect on maternal nutritional status as assessed by anthropometric indices of nutritional status, and clinical sign of nutritional deficiencies or on lactational performance as assessed by mothers' impression on milk output and mean duration of lactation. PMID- 7009056 TI - The internal dynamics of globular proteins. PMID- 7009057 TI - The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis--part 1: epidemiology, pathogenicity, infection in animals and immunology of Aspergillus. PMID- 7009058 TI - The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis--part 2: classification and description of saprophytic, allergic, and invasive variants of human disease. PMID- 7009059 TI - CT in head trauma: a review. AB - The diagnosis and management of head trauma has changed significantly with the availability of computed tomography. CT not only demonstrates the presence of a mass, but also delineates acute bleed from brain swelling. CT is useful in determining whether the hematoma is intracerebral or extracerebral, as well as its volume, extent, and multiplicity. CT provides the opportunity for noninvasive sequential studies in the management of the patient with severe head trauma. Sequential CT studies have also been useful in understanding the long-term effects of head trauma. CT has eliminated the need for other diagnostic studies in all but the most exceptional situations. PMID- 7009060 TI - Microbial bioconcentration of organic pollutants from aquatic systems -- a critical review. PMID- 7009061 TI - Intracellular roles of microbial aminotransferases: overlap enzymes across different biochemical pathways. PMID- 7009062 TI - Determination of surface immunoglobulin density on frozen-thawed mononuclear cells analyzed by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. PMID- 7009063 TI - Ultrastructural observations on tissues processed by a quick-freezing, rapid drying method: comparison with conventional specimen preparation. PMID- 7009064 TI - The nutrition significance of sucrose consumption, 1970-1980. AB - Sucrose consumption is a controversial issue. Part of the difficulty arises because of inadequate knowledge about the actual consumption of populations, as well as individuals within a population. Data on the sucrose content of foods are lacking. This review presents information published in the 1970s on these topics as well as current research and thinking about possible relationships of sucrose consumption to dental caries, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other disease conditions. Current attitudes toward recommendations concerning sugar consumption in the U.S. Dietary Goals are examined, as are data on the use of sugar as a fortification vehicle. PMID- 7009066 TI - Clinical aspects of aneurysmal disease. PMID- 7009067 TI - Introduction to techniques in developmental electrobiology. PMID- 7009065 TI - Subtoxic effects of certain chemicals on food crops. AB - An increased supply of food is urgently needed to provide adequate nutrients to the increasing world population. Plant foods are basic in the nutrition of man. Increasing the productivity and efficiency of plant foods is, therefore, essential. Application of low concentrations of certain chemicals have helped in making a breakthrough in this direction. Certain chemicals are known to stimulate plant growth and yield. Many growth regulators also increase the protein content of plants. Treatment with pesticides and herbicides may also change the nutritive quality. These effects have been explored in detail for specific food crops and individual chemicals and the findings are presented here. It should be noted, however, that most of these findings are of an experimental nature and their practical application will depend upon the discovery of more powerful chemicals and further research into less expensive ways to use them with fewer side effects. PMID- 7009068 TI - Requirements for the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular connections. PMID- 7009071 TI - Cellular metaplasia or transdifferentiation as a model for retinal cell differentiation. PMID- 7009069 TI - Colony culture of neural cells as a method for the study of cell lineages in the developing CNS: the astrocyte cell lineage. PMID- 7009070 TI - Glia maturation factor. PMID- 7009073 TI - An unusual case of tinea versicolor in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - A most unusual case of tinea versicolor is presented in which the eruption was localized only to the patient's flexural areas. This is an additional case of tinea versicolor appearing in a renal transplant patient undergoing immunosuppressant therapy. The role that immunosuppressive agents may have played in this case is also presented. PMID- 7009072 TI - Development of specific synaptic networks in organotypic CNS tissue cultures. PMID- 7009074 TI - Bowenoid papulosis: a review. AB - Bowenoid papulosis, a disease manifested by clinically benign-appearing papules of the anogenital region, which histologically shows the changes of squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is reviewed. Although the biologic behavior of bowenoid papulosis has not been fully elucidated, conservative therapy is suggested. PMID- 7009075 TI - Effect of cryo-protective agents on the growth and ultrastructure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When suspended in a glucose medium supplemented with varying amounts of DMSO, ethylene glycol, glycerol, lactose and sodium chloride at its optimum temperature of 30 degrees C, a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gave a mean generation time inversely proportional to the increased concentrations of these anti-freeze compounds. No growth was attained at 0 degrees C and -5 degrees C, and mixtures of the compounds did not support any growth even at 30 degrees C. At 0 degrees C and -5 degrees C with increasing percentages of the individual compounds, and at 30 degrees C, 0 degrees C and -5 degrees C, with mixtures of the compounds, a significant decrease in survival was obtained. As compared to cells grown in the absence of antifreeze compounds, electron microscopy of the cells which grew at 30 degrees C in the presence of antifreeze compounds showed thicker cell walls, highly convoluted plasmalemma, vacuoles filled with electron dense fibrous material, spherosomes, poorly developed mitochondria and many vesicles. PMID- 7009076 TI - Flow-cytogenetics. II. High-resolution ploidy measurements in human fibroblast cultures. AB - high-resolution flow-cytometric measurements of ethidium bromide/mithramycin stained human fibroblast cultures reveal discrepancies between fluorescence pulse height distributions and genome size as a function of cell strain, culture conditions, culture age, and proliferative stage. These discrepancies were quantitatively assessed by (1) evaluation of the variation of the widths of the 2c fluorescence pulse-height histogram peaks, (2) comparisons between sample to standard fluorescence ratios of 45,XO and 49,XXXXY cell strains, and (3) comparison of fluorescence intensities among cell populations of identical genome size but differing degrees of chromatin condensation (mitotic vs. nonmitotic cells of diploid and tetraploid cell strains). As in our previous studies with lymphocytes, our results suggest caution in equating fluorescence intensity with "DNA content" in flow measurements of nonhomogeneous cell populations. Conditions of cell culture and sample preparation must be standardized in order to compare "DNA content" differences by flow techniques. Remaining sources of variation presently limit detection to differences in DNA content of greater than 2%. PMID- 7009077 TI - Phase microscopic observations in the Golgi apparatus in the living cultivated cells. PMID- 7009079 TI - [Biostatic mastication center in dental prostheses]. PMID- 7009078 TI - [Various aspects of postextraction bacteremia]. PMID- 7009080 TI - [1st procedure of uranoplasty in Poland]. PMID- 7009081 TI - [Use of a sodium fluoride solution acidified with orthophosphoric acid in the prevention of dental caries in children. A 1-year comparative study of the anticaries action of selected fluorine preparations]. PMID- 7009085 TI - A comparison of synthetic absorbable suture with synthetic nonabsorbable suture for construction of tracheal anastomoses. AB - This study compares the use of synthetic absorbable suture (SAS, Vicryl) with that of synthetic nonabsorbable suture (SNS, Ticron) for construction of cervical tracheal anastomoses in the dog. Fourteen mongrel dogs underwent resection of one to four tracheal rings. Paired tracheal anastomoses were constructed, using 10 SAS or 10 SNS. After two months each anastomosis was removed and analyzed. All animals survived with intact anastomoses. There were no visible reactions to the SAS. Twenty-six of 70 SNS developed gross suture granulations. Significant stenosis developed in one of seven SAS and in four of seven SNS anastomoses. Histologic examination revealed no residual inflammatory reaction in the SAS specimens, while the SNS demonstrated a spectrum of inflammatory response that directly correlated in intensity with the gross appearance. These findings support the continued evaluation for the use of SAS in clinical tracheobronchoplastic procedures. PMID- 7009083 TI - Comparison of three methods of respiratory care following upper abdominal surgery. AB - Incentive spirometry, as a method for preventing postoperative atelectasis, was compared with intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) and resistance breathing in 126 patients undergoing upper-abdominal surgery, most of whom had cholecystectomy. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of atelectasis among the three groups, who were matched for age, sex, smoking history, previous respiratory disease, and duration of surgery. There was a significantly higher incidence of atelectasis in patients over the age of 50 years (P = 0.004) than in younger subjects, where the incidence was not different among the three groups. Incentive spirometric therapy, as used in this study, offered no advantage over the other methods of treatment. PMID- 7009082 TI - Respiratory failure due to Strongyloides stercoralis in a patient with a renal transplant. AB - We report a case of respiratory failure caused by Strongyloides stercoralis in a patient with a renal transplant; the respiratory failure showed dramatic response to therapy with thiabendazole. The clinical aspects of infestation with S stercoralis in the immunocompromised host are discussed, and features are demonstrated which may have significant implications concerning primary treatment and prophylaxis. PMID- 7009087 TI - Clinical efficacy of ribavirin in the treatment of genital herpes simplex virus infection. AB - 48 patients participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ribavirin in the treatment of herpes simplex virus genital infection. Study design did not allow a conclusion regarding usefulness of the drug in preventing recurrences. Ribavirin treatment (800 mg/day p.o) for 10 days reduced disease severity and promoted recovery as compared with placebo treatment. PMID- 7009084 TI - Effect of a calcium inhibitor, nifedipine, on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris: a double-blind study. AB - The effect of nifedipine on exercise tolerance was studied in 30 patients with stable angina and positive graded exercise testing. Treadmill exercise testing was performed on each of five consecutive days. Placebo or nifedipine, 10 mg sublingually, was given 30 minutes before exercise on the third day. The following day the intervention was reversed in a double-blind manner. Angina was abolished by nifedipine but not by placebo in 12 patients (40 percent). The time to onset of angina in the remaining patients increased from 4.1 +/- 0.4 (SEM) to 6.7 +/- 0.6 min (p less than .001). Time to ST depression greater than or equal to 2 mm increased from 4.0 +/- 0.3 to 5.4 +/- 0.5 min, while duration of exercise increased from 6.3 +/- 0.3 to 8.2 +/- 0.4 min (p less than .001). The maximum heart rate was 145 +/- 3.3 with nifedipine and 122 +/- 3.8 min-1 with placebo (p less than .01). Resting systolic blood pressure decreased 30 min after nifedipine administration from 131 +/- 3.4 to 106 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (p less than .01). Maximal systolic blood pressure during exercise was lower with nifedipine (127 +/- 4.8 mm Hg) than with placebo (155 +/- 5.6 mm Hg, p less than .01). We conclude that nifedipine significantly improves the exercise tolerance of patients with stable angina pectoris by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 7009086 TI - The relevance of Lacinilene C7-methyl ether to byssinosis. Experience with natural product from bracts and synthetic chemical in leukocyte recruitment. PMID- 7009088 TI - [In praise of Otto Goetze, Formerly full professor of surgery in Erlangen]. PMID- 7009089 TI - [Thin-sheet bandages for skin graft wounds]. PMID- 7009090 TI - [Transparent adhesive tape as postoperative dressing. Randomized, clinical study for comparison with a conventional dressing technic]. AB - To evaluate the effect of a thin, transparent, adhesive and elastic polyurethane drape permeable only to gas and water vapor molecules but not to bacteria in comparison to a conventional drape for postoperative dressings, a randomized trial was conducted in 90 male and female patients. 44 patients had the transparent adhesive drape and 46 a conventional dressing. Both groups were reasonably well matched according to age, sex, height, weight and type of operation. There was no difference in healing of skin wounds. But reddening around the stitches was seen more often in patients with the conventional dressing than in those with the polyurethane drape (p less than 0.05). Surprisingly, most of the patients with the transparent drape (42 of 44) accepted it. The transparent adhesive drape was found to be much less expensive than the conventional dressing. PMID- 7009091 TI - [Sternum fracture in a 12-year-old boy]. AB - A sternum fracture resulting from indirect insignificant trauma is described in a 12-year-old boy. Similarities between this case and aseptic osteochondronecrosis are revealed. Conservative treatment results in a quick recovery. PMID- 7009093 TI - [Adjuvant immunotherapy using polyadenylic acid and polyuridylic acid (Poly A., Poly U.) in operable carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009094 TI - [Discussion minutes: Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of complications of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009092 TI - [Colon resection using a modified suture technic]. PMID- 7009095 TI - The lung as a generator of prostacyclin. AB - Under physiological conditions prostacyclin is the main metabolite of arachidonic acid that is generated and released by the lungs. In man and in cat prostacyclin seems to be a circulating hormone whose concentration is 100-200 pg ml-1 higher in arterial blood than in mixed venous blood. Generation of prostacyclin by lungs can be increased by angiotensin II, bradykinin and arachidonic acid provided that low concentrations of these substances are infused into the pulmonary artery. Air pulmonary emboli and mechanical hyperventilation stimulate the lungs to generate more prostacyclin. Respiratory stimulants such as lobeline or almitrine are also effective prostacyclin releasers from the lung. It is proposed that this para endocrine function of the lung protects coronary and cerebral arteries against thrombosis and atherosclerosis while pharmacological amplification of the pulmonary release of prostacyclin may constitute a new means of treating thromboembolic diseases. PMID- 7009097 TI - [The use of indirect fluorescent antibody technique in malaria studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009096 TI - Substrate utilization by the lung. AB - Intermediary metabolism of the lung and its regulation have received relatively little attention in the past, partly because of difficulty in producing suitable models for study. An in situ perfused rat lung preparation is described which remains viable for four hours or more. Concentration-dependent glucose utilization has been found with this model, associated with marked lactate production. More than half the glucose used appears as lactate, despite the high PO2 and maintenance of normal ATP concentrations. The high rates of glycolysis may be related to glycerol-3-phosphate requirements for lipid synthesis. Glucose clearance from the perfusion medium is dependent on nutritional status, clearance by lungs from 48-hour starved animals being decreased by comparison with lungs of fed controls. Lactate is taken up actively at concentrations of 2 mmol/l or above but is produced at an initial lactate concentration of 0.4 mmol/l. Non-esterified fatty acids (1 mmol/l in the perfusate) are also cleared by lung and may be important as an energy source even though 80% is used for synthetic reactions. Alanine, glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate are unimportant as substrates. The lung responds to metabolically important hormones. Insulin and adrenaline cause an acute increase in glucose utilization whereas corticosterone and noradrenaline are inhibitory. Utilization of glucose is also diminished in lungs from diabetic ketoacidotic rats. Further work is required to establish the relative importance of oxidative and synthetic routes for added substrates and the mechanisms of hormonal regulation. PMID- 7009098 TI - [Heart transplantation: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009099 TI - [Replantation of completely severed distal digit by primary suture: observations on 49 digits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009100 TI - [Hemostatic purse-string suture at bladder neck in suprapubic prostatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009101 TI - Effects of abrupt cessation of treatment with clonidine and guanfacine on blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Present experiments were undertaken to compare the effects of clonidine and guanfacine withdrawal on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Five week oral administration of clonidine at a dose of approximately 300 microgram/kg/day produced a significant hypotension. After acute interruption of clonidine administration, a marked blood pressure rise was observed. Peak blood pressure rise was reached within 24 hours after clonidine withdrawal. A significant increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration was observed when clonidine treatment was discontinued. On the other hand, long-term administration of guanfacine at a dose of approximately 3 mg/kg/day produced a significant hypotension. After a five week administration of guanfacine, abrupt cessation did not produce a rapid blood pressure rise. Catecholamine concentration in urine and plasma was not influenced either by guanfacine administration or its withdrawal. PMID- 7009102 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of renin release. AB - The effect of metoclopramide, a procainamide derivative with dopamine antagonistic properties, and L-dopa on plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in adult rats. Following an intravenous bolus of metoclopramide (200 microgram/kg) to the American Wistar rat there was a significant (p less than 0.05) elevation in PRA at 10 min and a maximum response at 30 min. There was a significant depression (p less than 0.05) in PRA at 15 through 40 min following an intravenous bolus of L-dopa (30 mg/kg). Pre-administration of L-dopa delayed and blunted the PRA response to metoclopramide. However, the PRA response to this dopamine antagonist was not altered by beta blockade with propranolol and alpha blockade with phentolamine. Administration of metoclopramide resulted in considerably greater (p less than 0.01) PRA responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls. Administration of L-dopa resulted in similar suppression of PRA in the two groups. These results indicate that there is a dopaminergic inhibitory control mechanism for renin secretion. Dopaminergic control of renin release appears to be altered in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7009103 TI - Effect of polyunsaturate-rich vegetable oils on blood pressure in essential hypertension. AB - A group of essential hypertensives were treated for a period of six weeks with groundnut oil or safflower oil compared with a control group who were given a placebo medication. A significant drop in diastolic pressure occurred in the groups receiving the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) preparation. In another group of eight patients, who were already receiving traditional antihypertensive therapy, supplementation with PUFA rich oil resulted in a significant reduction in blood pressure. Further, after the end of the treatment period, an increase in diastolic pressure was found six to eight weeks later with return of pressures to approximately the pre-treatment level. These preliminary observations suggest that PUFA rich vegetable oils may be useful in the control of mild-to-moderate hypertension. PMID- 7009104 TI - Alteration of the volume-renin component in borderline essential hypertension. AB - Interrelations between blood pressure, circulatory volumes and the renin angiotensin system were studied in 15 normal subjects and in 25 young patients with borderline hypertension after equilibration on controlled sodium intake. Total blood and plasma volumes were consistently lower and plasma renin activity higher in borderline hypertensive as compared to normotensive controls. The decreased volumes were inversely correlated with blood pressure and plasma renin activity, but no correlation was found between blood pressure and plasma renin activity or the product of circulating renin and volumes. The fact that blood pressure and plasma renin activity were independently correlated to circulating volumes but did not correlate between themselves would suggest a common causal factor for the three observed phenomena: elevated renin, decreased volume and borderline hypertension; these anomalies of the volume-renin axis might be mediated through the well documented hyperresponsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system in these patients. PMID- 7009105 TI - Classical articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Cholecysto-intestinal, entero intestinal anastomosis, and approximation without sutures. PMID- 7009106 TI - Insulin allergy: differences in the binding of porcine, bovine, and human insulins with anti-insulin IgE. AB - We investigated in vitro binding of insulins of various species sources (bovine, porcine, and human) with anti-insulin reaginic immunoglobulins (IgE) in 10 patients with systemic insulin allergy and in 5 nonallergic but insulin-resistant cases. Anti-insulin IgE had a higher avidity for bovine compared with porcine insulin in both groups. Avidity for bovine insulin was also significantly higher compared with human or desalanine porcine insulin in the insulin-allergic patients. These observations provide a rationale for using porcine insulin in the treatment of systemic insulin allergy. PMID- 7009107 TI - The artificial endocrine pancreas: its impact on the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7009108 TI - Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. AB - Numerous studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have accelerated atherosclerotic vascular disease, and major advances in understanding it pathogenesis have been made. Current suggestions are that endothelial injury may be the initial event in the genesis of atherosclerosis, followed by platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of injury. In diabetes, evidence of endothelial dysfunction is present. Smooth muscle cell proliferation is an important pathologic finding in atherosclerosis. This process is stimulated by a platelet mitogen, which has been partially characterized. The mitogen has not been studied in diabetes. Lipid accumulation in the area of the atherosclerotic lesion is primarily in the form of intracellular and extracellular esterified cholesterol. In uncontrolled diabetes, elevated plasma low density lipoprotein levels and decreased plasma high density lipoprotein levels favor lipid deposition in large vessels. There is evidence of a thrombotic state in certain diabetic patients. Collectively, these abnormalities of endothelial, platelet, smooth muscle, lipoprotein, and coagulation behavior may be viewed as contributing to the problem of accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of this process aids in designing appropriate preventive therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7009109 TI - Insulin binding to its receptor: is the receptor more important than the hormone? AB - The development of methods to measure insulin showed that many (if not most) patients with disorders of glucose metabolism have a target cell disorder rather than a secretory defect. Methods to measure the insulin receptor have shown that in patients with target cell disorders the receptor is often involved in a meaningful way. Furthermore, even in diseases where hormone secretion (deficiency or excess) is dominant, the receptor may play an important role in the clinical state of the patients. In the future, development of techniques to assess postreceptor events should uncover defects at these sites as well. PMID- 7009110 TI - The internalization of insulin and other hormones by fibroblastic cells. PMID- 7009111 TI - Insulin action: 1948-80. AB - Insulin is an old hormone from the standpoint of evolution. It is found in primitive vertebrates, insects, and crustacea and has effects on growth and glucose uptake in animals low on the evolutionary ladder, yes even unicellular organisms. The fascinating problem to consider is the relative emergence of the hormone and of its receptor. Csaba has reviewed recently the work with more primitive species. He argues convincingly that receptor molecules precede the hormones and adapt themselves to become the specific recognition sites they now are in the mammalian organism. This is a fascinating basis area for further research. The history of insulin research is rich and vivid, and has served to open up very important aspects of biochemistry and physiology. It was the first of the protein or peptide group of hormones; the protein whose amino acid sequence studies served to initiate this fruitful area of polymer biochemistry; and it began the important era of specific immunoassays, a technique that has revolutionized the study of the behavior and action of potent natural materials that are highly active in minute concentrations. Last but certainly not the least of its virtues is its medical use to maintain the life and health of countless victims of severe diabetes. The continuing study of the details of insulin action will undoubtedly have further profound influences on the basic and applied aspects of medicine and biology. PMID- 7009112 TI - The biosynthesis of insulin: some genetic and evolutionary aspects. PMID- 7009113 TI - The clinical application of insulin: a perspective. PMID- 7009114 TI - Radioimmunoassay: its relevance to diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7009115 TI - Aspects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in diabetes. PMID- 7009117 TI - Bacterial production of human insulin. PMID- 7009119 TI - Quantitative and qualitative changes in the early insulin response to glucose in subjects with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. PMID- 7009116 TI - On the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 7009120 TI - Psychosocial crisis in diabetic renal failure. AB - Twenty-nine diabetic renal failure patients suffered a psychosocial crisis at the time when chronic dialysis or renal transplantation was required. These patients could be classified into groups as to the impact of the crisis in terms of participation in life-support therapy. Group 1 consisted of potentially lethal mechanism (9 patients): discontinued dialysis (5); refused to start dialysis (3); overt act to cause personal harm (1). Group 2 contained probably nonlethal mechanism (11 patients): threatened to discontinue dialysis or to never start dialysis if not given a chance for a transplant (5); threatened to discontinue dialysis or to never start dialysis (5); threatened to cause personal harm (1). Group 3 consisted of a combination of mechanisms (9 patients): with drug abuse (4); without drug abuse (5). Important similarities between the groups were easier to document than were subtle differences in the kinds of options in family and employment relationships; in the degree of objective and subjective handicap due to impaired vision; in the level of expectation and/or disappointment following renal transplantation; and in the capacity to cope with changing personal relationships produced by the complications of diabetes. PMID- 7009121 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in the course of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (observations in 23 cases)]. PMID- 7009118 TI - Etiologic aspects of types of diabetes. PMID- 7009122 TI - The blockexcision of malignant melanomas of the ciliary body and the peripheral choroid. PMID- 7009123 TI - [Transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenoses for treatment of renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Transluminal angioplasty according to Gruntzig was performed for 10 stenoses in 7 patients with renovascular hypertension. Nine out of 10 renal artery stenoses were passable and could be dilated. Definite angiographic improvement could be shown in each case. The degree of stenosis could be decreased from 86% to 38% on average. At the narrowest point the diameter was enlarged by a factor of 3.1. The pressure gradient at the stenosis fell on average from 147 to 26 mm Hg. The maximal arterial blood pressure which was on average 254/124 mm Hg before drug treatment, and 169/97 mm Hg after high dosage antihypertensive treatment, fell to 140/84 mm Hg immediately after dilatation. Before dilatation there was a definite increase in peripheral plasma renin activity in every case which fell from 41 to 12 ng AI/ml . h. In one out of 5 patients restenosis occurred after 3 months which could again be successfully dilated. In the two younger patients blood pressure 3 to 9 months later was normal even without antihypertensives. In the older patients normal blood pressure could be maintained with mild antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 7009124 TI - [Therapy of inflammatory vascular diseases]. PMID- 7009125 TI - [Indications for re-operation following lumbar vertebral disk surgery]. PMID- 7009126 TI - [Renal computed tomography]. PMID- 7009128 TI - [Hyperactive carotid sinus reflex (author's transl)]. AB - Following carotid sinus stimulation a hyperactive reflex with ventricular asystole of more than 3 seconds was found in 9 out of 40 asymptomatic patients aged more than 60 years. Results varied considerably between different investigators and different investigation days. Over a period of two years patients with hyperactive reflex did not have a worse prognosis than patients with normal reflex response. Symptoms indicating hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome had not been observed in a single case. The frequent occurrence of hyperactive carotid sinus reflex and its favourable prognosis and the similarly frequent occurrence of vertiginous attacks due to numerous reasons, in the older age group, do not readily allow for a diagnosis of the hypersensitive carotis sinus syndrome, even when both symptoms occur at the same time. Pacemaker implantation should only be considered when repeated syncope has occurred which cannot be attributed to other causes despite extensive investigations. PMID- 7009127 TI - [Results of renal transplantation 1968-1979 (author's transl)]. AB - 173 renal transplantations were done over a period of 12 years. Among these were 162 first, 10 second and one third transplantation. The one year survival rate of transplanted kidneys (all cases) was around 50%, patient survival was 81.6%. Survival rates did not depend statistically on tissue compatibility, immediate function of kidney, duration of kidney conservation, donor age, commencement of graft versus host reaction, and duration of preoperative dialysis. Although the number of HLA identity has increased during the observation period, there was no increase of transplant survival rate. This may possibly be explained by the negative influence of the steady increase of conservation time during the same period. PMID- 7009129 TI - [Clinical rhythm research under A. Jores]. PMID- 7009132 TI - [Bacterial antibiotic resistance, development and distribution]. PMID- 7009130 TI - [Glycohemoglobin. Possibilities and limits in diabetes control]. PMID- 7009131 TI - [Determination of glycosylated haemoglobins with the "fast haemoglobin test system": methodological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Tenfold determination of HbA1a+b+c from ten different blood samples by means of the "fast haemoglobin test system":" gave a standard deviation of 0.12% for the same sample. Serial observations on the same group of subjects without metabolic abnormalities indicated differing quality of various samples in the test system. Measurements on capillary blood, venous blood and heparinised blood gave identical values. Blood or haemolysate could be stored for at least three days at 22.5 degrees C, 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C, column eluate at 22.5 degrees C for at least five hours without altering the results. Hyperlipaemic blood led to the obtaining of falsely high values and had to be washed before analysis. Acute elevation in blood-glucose level induced by an oral glucose tolerance test of maturity-onset diabetics requiring insulin led to a short-lived rise in HbA1a+b+c. The "fast haemoglobin test system" is, after elimination of certain potential errors, a simple, rapid and reproducible means of measuring HbA1a+b+c. The concentration of HbA1a+b+c apparently mirrors shortlived changes in blood sugar level and not only longterm effects on the metabolic state. PMID- 7009135 TI - Fenbufen: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and acute pain. AB - Fenbufen is a phenylalkanoic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity appears to reside in the metabolites. Published data indicate that fenbufen 600 to 1000mg daily is comparable in effectiveness to therapeutic doses (3 to 4g) of aspirin, indomethacin (75 to 100mg) or phenylbutazone (300 to 400mg) in rheumatoid arthritis, but generally causes fewer side effects. At a daily dosage of 600mg, fenbufen is comparable with aspirin 3.6g or indomethacin 75mg in osteoarthritis. Initial studies suggest that fenbufen 600 to 900mg daily is at least as effective as ibuprofen 1200 to 1800mg of fenoprofen 1800 to 2400mg daily. It has not been compared with naproxen or sulindac in adequate numbers of patients. Fenbufen is effective when given twice daily and there is some evidence that once daily dosage is adequate in known responders to the drug. As with other non-steroidal alkanoic acid drugs, gastrointestinal complaints are the most frequently reported side effects, but there have been no reports of peptic ulcer to date. PMID- 7009133 TI - Captopril: a preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. AB - Captopril is the first orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme to become available. It has been studied primarily in hypertension. In mild to moderate essential hypertension captopril is about as effective as usual doses of hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol, about one-half of such patients needing the addition of a diuretic to achieve satisfactory control of blood pressure. In severe hypertension captopril plus a diuretic (and in some patients a beta blocker) usually reduced blood pressure significantly more than could be achieved with 'standard triple therapy' in patients not responding adequately to such a regimen, and often resulted in an improved feeling of well-being in severely hypertensive patients previously receiving intensive multiple drug therapy. Indeed, at the present stage of the drug's development, patients not responding to or not tolerating 'traditional' antihypertensive therapy represent the most suitable candidates for captopril treatment. While captopril has been well tolerated in most patients, some troublesome or potentially serious side effects have been reported, including agranulocytosis, dysgeusia and reduced renal function; although a clear causal relationship with captopril was not always established, it would appear that the final place of captopril in the treatment of hypertension may ultimately depend on further clarification of its adverse effects profile. In addition to studies in hypertension, captopril has produced encouraging improvement in a small number of patients with severe congestive heart failure resistant to conventional therapy. Captopril must be considered an exciting addition to the therapeutic armamentarium; it, and pharmacologically related compounds of the future, will continue to generate much interest as their final place in therapy becomes better defined through additional well designed studies and wider clinical experience. PMID- 7009137 TI - Interindividual variation and drug interactions with hormonal steroid contraceptives. AB - Large interindividual differences occur in the plasma concentration of contraceptive steroids. With the present tendency to decrease the dose of progestagen and oestrogen any factor which reduces the bioavailability of the lower dose preparations becomes very important. The possibility that other drugs and environmental chemicals may interact with contraceptive steroids is currently being investigated. Clinical reports suggest that the most important interacting drugs are the antituberculosis agent rifampicin, anticonvulsants and antibiotics. In the case of the first two, evidence is available suggesting that microsomal enzyme induction, either in the liver or the gut wall, is the operative mechanism. Antibiotics interfere with the pharmacokinetics of contraceptive steroids by interfering with their enterohepatic circulation in animal species: whether this is operative in man is still unclear. Other environmental and constitutional factors such as smoking, variations in diet, and concurrent disease may alter the disposition of contraceptive steroids and affect response accordingly. Additional studies are needed to estimate the significance of such interactions. PMID- 7009136 TI - Adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7009139 TI - alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine: a review of its pharmacology and clinical use. AB - alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine is an orally active inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis which inhibits the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa. At dosages of 600 to 3500 mg daily it is effective in controlling the hypertensive episodes and symptoms of catecholamine excess in phaeochromocytoma during preparation for surgery. Limited published experience suggests that it is effective in controlling hypertension and symptoms in malignant phaeochromocytoma, but further long term experience is needed. Concomitant administration of phenoxybenzamine and propranolol may be desirable in some patients and treatment with phentolamine is usually necessary to control hypertension during manipulation of the tumour. PMID- 7009138 TI - Drug interactions with phenytoin. AB - Drug interactions with phenytoin are a frequent occurrence, although their clinical relevance has often been overemphasised. Probably the most important of such interactions are those resulting in inhibition of phenytoin metabolism: due to the saturable nature of phenytoin biotransformation even minor degrees of inhibition can produce disproportionate changes in both steady-state serum concentration and the magnitude of pharmacological effect. Phenytoin has marked enzyme-inducing properties and can stimulate the metabolism of many concurrently administered drugs, thereby reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Clinically important examples of such interactions include a reduction of the anticoagulant effect of dicoumarol, a decrease in the prophylactic efficacy of the contraceptive pill and failure of response to various corticosteroid agents when administered therapeutically or diagnostically. Unless complicated by additional mechanisms, plasma protein binding interactions with phenytoin are seldom of clinical significance. However, they may alter considerably the relationship between serum drug concentration and clinical response, a possibility which needs to be taken into account when interpreting serum phenytoin levels in clinical practice. PMID- 7009141 TI - Growth of "small-for-dates" babies. AB - The majority of "small-for-dates" (SFD) babies show signs of intrauterine undernutrition. The postnatal period is therefore an opportunity to recover any growth deficit. Growth patterns of SFD babies as a group describe upward centile crossing ("catch-up") over the first 6 months, but there is considerable diversity in growth patterns of individual babies. Some continue in approximately the same centile channel as that in which they were born; others show "catch-up". The rate of early growth is influenced by the severity of intrauterine undernutrition, but perhaps surprisingly the mode of feeding and variations in protein and calorie intake after birth have little or not effect. Whether the size attained by prenatally undernourished SFD babies represents the complete recovery of their growth deficit, or whether more rapid "catch-up" growth is even desirable for later physical size and neuropsychological development, remains to be seen. PMID- 7009142 TI - Screening of human populations for mutations induced by environmental pollutants: use of human lymphocyte system. PMID- 7009144 TI - Kinetics of insulin clearance by the liver in perfused liver-pancreas. AB - The relationship between hepatic insulin extraction velocity and portal plasma insulin concentration was assessed using in situ perfused liver-pancreas preparations from rats fasted 24 or 48 hours. During hepatic transit of the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hepatic extraction velocities followed first order kinetics for all insulin concentrations observed (less than 1 to 17 ng/ml). During the second phase of insulin release, saturation of the insulin removal process occurred at insulin concentrations between 12 and 14 ng/ml. At non-saturating insulin levels, livers from rats fasted 24 hours clear insulin at about 4.0 ml/min corresponding to an extraction ratio of 52%. In contrast, livers of liver-pancreases from 48 hour fasted rats clear insulin at 2.4 ml/min with an extraction ratio of 31%. PMID- 7009143 TI - Marine bivalves, particularly mussels, Mytilus sp., for assessment of environmental quality. PMID- 7009145 TI - Insulin degradation by hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - The mechanism by which the liver degrades insulin has not yet been completely clarified. In intact, non-"leaky" cells the primary process seems to be mediated by initial receptor binding. We now demonstrate that isolated rat hepatocytes in primary culture are suitable for examining insulin degradation. Hepatocytes did not leak degrading activity into the medium, and thus, the degradation seen was essentially exclusively cell mediated. [125I]Iodoinsulin degradation by these cells was dependent on time and cell concentration. There was a short lag time before degradation products could be detected in the medium. After incubation with the hepatocytes, three peaks of 125I-labeled material could be separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The same three peaks were seen with 125I-labeled material extracted from the cells. When [3H]insulin, labeled exclusively at the B 1 phenylalanine residue, was incubated with the cells, additional peaks of labeled material were recovered from the column. These additional peaks were intermediate in size between insulin and iodotyrosine, suggesting the production of products smaller than insulin but larger than individual amino acids. In order to begin to characterize the subcellular mechanisms for insulin metabolism, the effect of various potential inhibitors on insulin degradation were examined. The most effective inhibitors were N-ethylmaleimide, bacitracin, and Kunitz pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Chloroquine decreased degradation only 10%, and NH4Cl had no detectable effect. The effect of the inhibitors on the purified insulin-degrading enzyme, insulin protease, was also examined. The purified enzyme responded essentially identically as the intact cells to the various inhibitors. From all these data it would seem that lysosomal degradation of insulin in the hepatocyte may be a relatively minor pathway and the neutral protease may play a major role. PMID- 7009148 TI - Abnormal water turnover associated with hypothalamic obesity. AB - Experimental obesity produced in rats by stereotaxic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) resulted in hyperphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, decreased urine osmolality, and enhanced excretion of total solute and urea. A 24-h water deprivation test revealed the inability of VMH-lesioned rats to increase urine antidiuretic hormone (ADH) excretion. Thus, destruction of the VMH area appears to be accompanied by impairment of ADH secretion, resulting in a diabetes insipidus syndrome that is partially masked by food restriction and improved by treatment with exogenous ADH. PMID- 7009147 TI - Effects of fasting on growth hormone secretion in the male baboon. AB - The effects of prolonged fasting on the quantity and pattern of spontaneous GH secretion in 5 adolescent male baboons were investigated. Serum GH concentrations were measured in blood samples taken at 20-min intervals over 12 daytime hours after an overnight fast (control period) and during 84-96 h of fasting. Rhythmic GH secretion, with a mean (+/- SE) period of 5.4 +/- 0.2 h occurred in 4 of the 5 animals in 11 control experiments, and GH peaks occurred randomly in the fifth animal. In response to prolonged fasting, the percent half-amplitude of daytime GH peaks decreased from control values of 144 +/- 12% to 105 +/- 17%. The period of the GH rhythm in 4 animals decreased during fasting, but the change was not statistically significant, and the episodic pattern of GH release in animal 5 was apparently unaffected by fasting. After 84 h of fasting, the mean and integrated concentrations of GH released over 12 daytime hours in the 5 animals were not significantly different from control values. In summary, despite a reduction in GH peak amplitude, the quantity and rhythm of GH secretion were maintained in baboons fasted for 84 h. The observed decrease in GH maxima may play a role in the metabolic adaptation to fasting in the baboon. PMID- 7009146 TI - Antibodies against estradiol-binding lysosomal lipoproteins gain access to the nuclear compartment of preputial gland cells under estrogen influence. AB - The influence of estrogen in provoking nuclear recompartmentation of lysosomal components in hormone-sensitive cells was investigated by immunological analyses of isolated nuclei from the preputial glands of ovariectomized rats. Fixed smears were prepared from ultrapurified nuclei freed of outer membrane, 2-30 min after iv injection of placebo-control solution or submicrogram amounts of estradiol-17 beta. Cytoplasmic contamination was negligible in such preparations, as monitored by vital staining with acridine orange. On challenge with immunoglobulin G directed toward a group of lysosomal high density lipoproteins which have been shown to bind estradiol-17 beta specifically, control preparations exhibited minimal indirect immunofluorescence that was essentially confined to the nuclear periphery. In contrast, a high proportion of the nuclei exposed for as little as 2 min to estradiol-17 beta but not to the relatively inert 17 alpha-congener, displayed generally more intense immunofluorescence which was distributed over the entire organellar area. Thus, the immunoglobulin becomes accessible to the nuclear interior in vitro as a function of pretreatment in vivo with active hormone. Nuclei from estrogen-pretreated rats were more structurally labile than corresponding controls, as judged by morphological criteria, even when isolated by gentle teasing rather than subjection to the rigorous ultrapurification process. By either method, integrity of the specimens was enhanced somewhat when they were prepared from rats ovariectomized before experiencing even a single estrous cycle. The observations verify and extend independent biochemical and ultrastructural evidence that structural labilization of cellular organelles and enhanced accessibility of limited amounts of lysosomal constituents to the nuclear compartment of specific target cells are early correlates of estrogen action. PMID- 7009149 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XLVII. The possible role of calmodulin. AB - Pancreatic islets contain calmodulin. This protein activates adenylate cyclase in a subcellular fraction of rat islets in a calcium-dependent fashion. The Km for calmodulin was close to 0.1 microM, well below the concentration of endogenous calmodulin. Trifluoperazine and the trifluoromethylphenothiazine derivative of domperidone inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release without affecting glucose oxidation by the islets. When insulin release was inhibited by 30% or more, this inhibition coincided with a reduction in the 45Ca net uptake by the islets. Both drugs suppressed the increment in adenylate cyclase activity evoked by calmodulin in a particulate fraction derived from the islets. However, the drugs also decreased basal and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. Within limits, these data are compatible with the participation of endogenous calmodulin in the normal process of insulin release. PMID- 7009134 TI - Antirheumatic drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. AB - With the exception of the treatment of gout and bacterial infections of joints, therapy in the rheumatic diseases remains inadequate. Although many patients gain symptomatic improvement on the drugs currently available, their impact on the underlying disease process remains uncertain. Hope for future therapeutic development is highest in rheumatoid arthritis with the second-line agents (e.g. gold, penicillamine), as unravelling their mechanism of action may lead to the design of more effective and less toxic medications. The cytotoxic agents appear to hold some promise in the therapy of vasculitis, but problems with their use have by no means been solved. In the major problem area of osteoarthritis, important gains are being made in the field of joint replacement, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the interim has made symptoms more tolerable. Obviously much remains to be done in research in the area of antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 7009140 TI - Chenodeoxycholic acid: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. AB - Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic acid; CDCA) is 1 of the 3 major biliary bile acids in man. When administered in pharmacological doses it causes a decrease in cholesterol saturation of bile, which in turn may lead to gradual dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. The stone dissolution rate during CDCA therapy has varied considerably from about one-third of patients overall to 80 to 90% in a highly selected group of patients. Radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder are absolute requirements. CDCA is well tolerated; diarrhoea (sometimes requiring dosage reduction) is the only frequent side effect. Although hepatotoxicity has occurred in certain animal species, and slight hypertransaminasaemia has occurred in some patients, definite liver damage has not been observed in man. CDCA is considered contraindicated in pregnancy, and in those patients with the complications from gallstones which require immediate surgery. Care should be taken in patients with liver disease. The only other proven agent for dissolving gallstones is the 7 beta-epimer of CDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Preliminary results show that UDCA is as effective as CDCA, but at one-half to two-thirds the dose, without causing diarrhoea. Further studies need to be done with both CDCA and UDCA to improve criteria for selection of patients most likely to respond, and to establish optimum schedules for dosage and duration of treatment. PMID- 7009153 TI - [Determination of insulin level for evaluation of carbohydrate intolerance in obesity]. PMID- 7009154 TI - ["Day of Nursing": the Medal of Merit in Nursing to Nurse Isabel Cendala y Gomez]. PMID- 7009151 TI - Antireproductive effects of a potent GnRH antagonist in the female rat. AB - The administration of the potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist [Ac dehydro-Pro1,pCl-D-Phe2,D-Trp3,6,N alpha MeLeu7]GnRH (Antag) to female rats results in disruption of the estrous cycle and gestation. Daily doses of 200 microgram Antag are completely effective in blocking regular cycles, which resume 6-9 days after cessation of treatment. When administered to mated female rats, Antag seems to be less effective in terminating pregnancy during the earlier (1-7 days) than later (7-12 days) days of gestation. This may reflect the inability of Antag to lower the secretion of PRL (the luteotropic hormone of early pregnancy) as compared to the Antag-induced inhibition of LH production (the luteotropic hormone of midpregnancy). As a result, administration of Antag 7-12 days after mating is accompanied by a decrease in plasma progesterone levels incompatible with the survival of the embryos. These data provide further evidence that the neutralization of the function of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone is deleterious to reproductive integrity. PMID- 7009152 TI - Purification and characterization of insulin-degrading enzyme from pig skeletal muscle. AB - An enzyme capable of degrading insulin was purified from pig skeletal muscle and studied for its characteristics. Purification of the enzyme was successfully achieved by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography of Bio-Gel P-200 and DEAE-cellulose, and, finally, ampholine isoelectrofocusing. The enzyme obtained showed 741-fold purification in its activity and a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme degraded insulin proteolytically and was sulfhydryl dependent. The Km for insulin was 70 nM. Proinsulin behaved as a competitive inhibitor for insulin degradation; its Ki was 320 nM. Glucagon was also proteolytically degraded, whereas number of other peptides, including A and B chains of insulin, were not appreciably affected by this enzyme. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 135,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and 60,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme and lysosomal enzymes extracted from rat liver were shown to be different, judging from their optimal pH for insulin degradation and substrate specificity. These studies demonstrate the presence of an insulin-degrading enzyme in pig skeletal muscle and suggest that this enzyme is identical to rat insulin protease in most of its biochemical properties. PMID- 7009150 TI - Evidence that estradiol induces the preovulatory LH surge in cattle by increasing pituitary sensitivity to LHRH and then increasing LHRH release. PMID- 7009155 TI - [The first nurse in the history of Public Health, Isabel Cendala y Gomez]. PMID- 7009156 TI - Synthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalase A in vitro. AB - mRNA isolated from cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was translated in the cell-free protein synthesis system from wheat germ. Catalase proteins synthesized were isolated from incubation mixtures by immunoadsorption followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. On dodecyl sulfate gels catalase A synthesized by the wheat germ system migrates like catalase A protein synthesized in vivo. Evidence is presented that yeast catalase T and A synthesized in vivo are no glycoproteins. Synthesis of the two catalase proteins in the wheat germ system and dissimilarity of proteolytic fingerprints of the two proteins demonstrate conclusively that catalase T and A are biogenetically unrelated. PMID- 7009157 TI - Identification of different forms of the murein-bound lipoprotein found in isolated outer membranes of Escherichia coli. AB - The identification of the free and murein-bound forms of the Escherichia coli lipoprotein on dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gels was systematically investigated by analyzing the low-molecular-weight proteins (Mr less than 20 000) of both cytoplasmic and outer membranes. The free form of the lipoprotein was identified on 15% polyacrylamide gels as the fastest migrating component (Mr = 7200-7500) of isolated outer membranes; it could be separated from a small cytoplasmic membrane protein (Mr = 6500) which was probably identical to the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding proteolipid of the membrane-bound ATPase. Lysozyme treatment of both outer membranes and murein sacculi failed to convert the murein-bound lipoprotein into a fragment of uniform size; instead the bound form appeared as a series of bands consisting of lipoprotein bound to one, two,...eight murein subunits. The composition of this ladder depended on the method used to isolate outer membranes. Beside these lipoprotein bands the outer membrane contained two other proteins, III and V; the relation of these proteins to previously described proteins is discussed. PMID- 7009158 TI - Precursor proteins are intermediates in vivo in the synthesis of two major outer membrane proteins, the OmpA and OmpF proteins, of Escherichia coli K12. AB - The OmpA and OmpF proteins are major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K12. Their precursors, the pro-OmpA and pro-OmpF proteins, have been detected in vivo in pulse-labelling experiments carried out with [35S]methionine at 25 degrees C. Wehn the pulse was at 37 degrees C, however, no precursors were detected. The pulse-labelled precursors were processed rapidly and quantitatively into mature protein at 25 degrees C. The apparent half-life of the pro-OmpF protein was estimated to be 30 s, and the pro-OmpA protein may be processed even faster. In short pulses (10 s) the precursors of both proteins were the predominant labelled species, indicating that at 25 degrees C processing does not start until chain elongation of the precursor is almost, if not entirely, complete. When French press lysates of cells pulse-labelled for 10 s were subjected to sucrose gradient centrifugation to separate the inner and outer membranes, both precursors comigrated with the inner membrane. PMID- 7009159 TI - Urethrography in urethral trauma: tissue reaction to extravasation of contrast dye and iatrogenic infection. AB - The reaction of periurethral tissue to retrograde urethrography with 30 or 60% contrast dye and/or iatrogenic infection following a sharp, penetrating injury of the urethra was investigated in rabbits. Urine was diverted continuously by tubeless cystostomy throughout the experiment. The local healing processes did not differ from the normal reaction after urethrography with 10 ml 30 or 60% sodium-meglumine-amidotrizoate or instillation of 1--2 . 10(6) E. coli in 10 ml saline. An increased inflammatory reaction was only observed when urethrography and the instillation of E. coli saline was combined, thus increasing the total fluid volume instilled and with it probably also the intraurethral pressure. The results suggest that retrograde urethrography as a diagnostic procedure immediately after an acute urethral trauma is free of adverse effects on the normal healing processes if performed under aseptic standards, with a small volume of contrast dye and as low as instillation pressure as possible. PMID- 7009160 TI - The Council at midcentury--the reach for growth and status 1934-1950. PMID- 7009161 TI - Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of diabetic and non-diabetic mice bearing fibrosarcoma. PMID- 7009162 TI - Mucus-associated gastrointestinal antigens in transitional mucosa adjacent to human colonic adenocarcinomas: their 'fetal-type' association. PMID- 7009163 TI - Flow microfluorometric analysis of alloantigen expression during T cell development. AB - The fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) was used to examine the expression of several alloantigens on T cells: Thy-1, Lyt-1.1, Lyt-2.1, Ly-5, Ly-6 and Ly-7. Antibodies secreted by monoclonal cell lines were used to characterize the Thy 1:2, Lyt-1.1 and Lyt-2.1 antigenic determinants, whereas Ly-5.1, Ly-6.2 and Ly 7.2 determinants were identified with alloantisera raised by conventional hyperimmunization. Using indirect immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated reagents, the profiles obtained with the FACS demonstrated that: (a) the expression of Thy-1 is greater on normal thymocytes than on cortisone-resistant thymocytes (CRT), lymph node and spleen cells; (b) in contrast to Thy-1, the expression of Ly-1 on normal thymocytes is less than on CRT, lymph node and spleen cells; (c) about 90% of normal thymocytes abut less than 50% of CRT, spleen and lympho node T cells are Lyt-2+ and (d) although weakly expressed on normal thymocytes, the amount of Ly-6 and Ly-7 present on peripheral T cells was considerably increased. The significance of these findings and the potential for further analysis of T cell developmental pathways is discussed. PMID- 7009164 TI - Hormonal regulation of the expression of Ia antigens on mammary gland epithelium. AB - Guinea pig and mouse mammary gland epithelial cells express Ia antigen-like molecules that react specifically with a rabbit anti-Ia antigen antiserum. The murine Ia antigen-like molecules were shown to share alloantigenic determinants with regular spleen cell Ia antigens. The expression of the mammary gland Ia antigens is under hormonal control, i.e. the Ia antigen expression is induced by pregnancy and lactation and can also be induced by the exogenous administration of lactotropic hormones. PMID- 7009165 TI - Efficacy of captopril in experimental low renin hypertension. AB - Captopril (SQ 14225) had a clear antihypertensive effect in rat Heymann nephritis DOCA-NaCl hypertension, a low renin model introduced recently, but was ineffective in 1-kidney-DOCA-NaCl hypertension although plasma renin activity (PRA) was suppressed similarly in both. Thus, the antihypertensive effect of captopril was independent of circulating renin. This result also suggests different pathogenetic mechanisms of hypertension in these two DOCA-NaCl models. PMID- 7009166 TI - Evidence for prejunctional inhibition of norepinephrine release by captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Pretreatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (10 or 100 mg/kg p.o.) had no effect on pressor responses to angiotensin II or norepinephrine whereas the response to angiotensin I was markedly inhibited. In contrast, pressor responses to sympathetic stimulation in pithed SHR were inhibited by captopril whereas the positive chronotropic responses to stimulation were unaltered. These results suggest that captopril causes a prejunctional inhibition of norepinephrine release to sympathetic nerve stimulation which is selective for the vasculature. This is probably due to inhibition of angiotensin II formation in the vasculature. PMID- 7009168 TI - Paracetamol does not potentiate the acetylsalicylate inhibition of prostaglandin release from macrophages. AB - Prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGI2) synthesis can be stimulated in macrophages by the tumour promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and inhibited by acetylsalicyclic acid (IC50 = 8.2 x 10(-6) M) and paracetamol (IC50 = 1.9 x 10( 4) M). When mixture of both drugs were tested only an additive effect was observed. This result is in contrast to recent reports describing both potentiation of acetylsalicylate-induced PG synthesis inhibition and enhancement of PG production by paracetamol. PMID- 7009167 TI - Reversal of corticosterone-induced supersensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline by arachidonic acid and prostacyclin. AB - In the isolated perfused hindlimb preparation of rats treated with corticosterone (2 x 20 mg/kg daily for 2 days), the dose-response curve to noradrenaline was shifted to the left, indicating supersensitivity of the vascular bed to noradrenaline. Perfusion with arachidonic acid (10(-5) M) and prostacyclin (10( 9) M) for 5 min reversed the supersensitivity induced by corticosterone. The metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-keto PGF1 alpha(10(-9) M), was ineffective in this respect. In rats which had received desoxycorticosterone acetate (2 x 5 mg/kg daily for 7 days), there was supersensitivity of the hindlimb preparation to noradrenaline similar to that in corticosterone-treated rats. In that case, however, administration of arachidonic acid did not reverse the leftward shift of the dose-response curve. Administration of indomethacin (2 x 2.5 mg/kg for 7 days) prior to the perfusion experiment also resulted in a shift of the noradrenaline dose-response curve to the left, which was less pronounced than the shift induced by corticosterone. Combined administration of corticosterone and indomethacin caused the same increase in noradrenaline sensitivity as did corticosterone alone. Since glucocorticoids inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, it is concluded that corticosterone may enhance the sensitivity to noradrenaline by affecting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7009170 TI - Enkephalinase activity in rat peripheral organs. AB - Hydrolysis of ([3H]Leu5)-enkephalin into the tripeptide [3H]Tyr-Gly-Gly can be detected using particulate fractions from a variety of peripheral organs. In some tissues, e.g. exocrine and endocrine glands, this dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase ("enkephalinase") activity is even higher than in brain. PMID- 7009169 TI - Activation of guinea-pig platelets induced by convulxin, a substance extracted from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella. AB - Convulxin (Cx), a component of the venom of the snake Crotalus durissus cascavella, induced the concentration-dependent aggregation of guinea-pig platelets when used at and above 50 +/- 5 ng/ml, accompanied by the release of ATP and by the formation of thromboxanes (Tx). Platelet activation by Cx was not due to potential contaminants found in the crude snake venom, such as phospholipase A2 and clotting enzymes. Aspirin (50-100 microM) failed to interfere with the platelet effects of Cx, demonstrating independence from cyclo oxygenase. In contrast, indomethacin (50 microM) displayed a distinct inhibitory activity on the effects of Cx, as compared to aspirin, and thus exerts cyclo oxygenase-independent effects on platelet activation. The ADP scavenger creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK) inhibited aggregation by Cx used at concentrations below 6-8 times the threshold, but failed to interfere with higher amounts. Platelet aggregation by Cx was inhibited and reversed once established by EDTA (5mM) and by prostacyclin (0.1-1 microM). Cx-induced activation of platelets is thus Ca2+-dependent and liable to control by the adenylate cyclase cyclic AMP system. Convulxin induced hypotension, bronchoconstriction and thrombocytopenia when injected i.v. to the anesthetised guinea pig at 0.3-3 microgram/kg. Aspirin and indomethacin (20 and 5 mg/kg respectively) mepyramine and methysergide (02. mg/kg) failed to interfere with these effects, but the combination of either aspirin or indomethacin with methysergide and mepyramine, suppressed the bronchial effects of Cx, leaving the hypotensive and thrombopenic effects unchanged. This synergism remains unexplained. Bronchoconstriction was platelet-dependent, being suppressed by platelet depletion with antiplatelet serum or by i.v. prostacyclin (1-10 microgram/kg). PMID- 7009173 TI - The effect of alpha-factor on the rate of cell-cycle initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: alpha-factor modulates transition probability in yeast. PMID- 7009171 TI - [Glycogenosis II in Japanese quails]. PMID- 7009172 TI - Multiple and masked pools of fibronectin in murine fibroblast cell--substratum adhesion sites. PMID- 7009174 TI - Prevention of colchicine toxicity to cultured rat hepatocytes by glucagon, hydrocortisone and insulin. PMID- 7009175 TI - Microtubules in colcemid-resistant mutants of CHO cells. PMID- 7009176 TI - Redistribution of fibronectin and cytoskeletal proteins during the differentiation of rat mammary tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 7009177 TI - Mitochondrial DNA synthesis in synchronous cultures of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7009178 TI - Mitochondrial role in cell aging. PMID- 7009179 TI - Inhibition of the immune responses of young adult CBA mice due to parabiosis with their old partners. PMID- 7009181 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the three-dimensional reorganization and growth of newly-formed candidate stromal cells and residual hemopoietic cells in culture. AB - Gelfoam sponges were used as three-dimensional culture supports to allow the migration, reorganization and growth of regenerative cells derived from bone fragments previously depleted of marrow by curettage. The explants and sponges, cultured in 0.3% agar-medium, were analysed ultrastructurally throughout a 14 day culture period. By day 5 the gelfoam sponge was infiltrated by large cells with extensive cytoplasmic processes (stromal cells) and primitive round cells. The stromal cells were pleomorphic and varied in their content of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoplasmic granules, microfilaments, lipid droplets and glycogen. The cytoplasmic processes made multiple intercellular contacts with other stromal cells thereby forming a stromal network. Close and direct associations of stromal cells with primitive hemopoietic cells and various stages of myeloid cells were identified. The identification of proliferating granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes on days 7--14 in these unstimulated cultures suggests that the organization of stromal cells is able to maintain primitive cells and supports the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells. It is proposed that this three-dimensional culture technique (i) allows the development of primitive stromal precursors and primitive residual hemopoietic cells; (ii) provides a model for the analysis of early stromal cell hemopoietic cell interactions. PMID- 7009180 TI - Short communication lysosomal and mitochondrial heat labile enzymes in Werner's syndrome fibroblasts. PMID- 7009182 TI - CFUs reduction and adaptation in mice with experimental diabetes. AB - Experimental diabetes was induced in mice by an intravenous injection of alloxan, 75 mg/kg. Bone marrow cells (8 X 10(4)) from nondiabetic or diabetic mice, 2, 14 or 30 days after induction of diabetes, were injected into lethally irradiated (850 R) nondiabetic or diabetic recipients, and the development of splenic hemopoietic colonies was determined 8 days later. In nondiabetic recipients, bone marrow cells from both types of the donors formed equal numbers of spleen colonies. In diabetic recipients, bone marrow cells from nondiabetic mice produced fewer colonies, whereas bone marrow cels from donors that had diabetes for 14 or 30 days formed as many colonies as in nondiabetic mice. Daily injections of insulin into diabetic recipients improved the colony producing capacity of nondiabetic bone marrow cells. We conclude that bone marrow stem cells (CFUs) acquire resistance to adverse metabolic conditions of hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Adapted bone marrow cells function well in either the diabetic or nondiabetic environment. PMID- 7009183 TI - Hemopoietic support capacity of W/WV femurs and tibias. AB - We evaluated the capacity of "stromal stem cells" of the bones of W/WV mice to effect regeneration of functional "stromal" tissue by implanting femurs and tibias from congenic W/WV and +/+ mice subcutaneously into congenic mice of normal hematologic phenotypes. Eight weeks after implantation, we assayed the hemopoietic progenitor cell contents of the bones. Pluriopotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) were assayed by the spleen colony forming assay in lethally irradiated CAF1 mice. Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFUGM) and early erythroid (BFUe) and late erythroid (CFUE) progenitor cells were assayed in agar and methylcellulose semi-solid culture systems, respectively. total cellularity was greater in implanted W/WV femurs and tibias than in +/+ femurs. Although there was substantial variation in the repopulation of W/WV femurs compared to that of +/+ femurs, on the whole, in the W/WV implanted femurs, the numbers of CFUs may have been slightly less and the numbers of maturer progenitor cells slightly greater than they were in the +/+ femurs. All of the progenitor cells assayed were more numerous in the implanted W/WV tibias than in the +/+ tibias. These findings suggest that "stromal stem cells" of W/WV marrow are not defective. In addition, the fact that there were more CFUs in th W/WV that in the +/+ tibias suggests that the CFUs which are native to the implanted bones are not needed to effect reconstitution of normal numbers of CFUs in the implants as all of the CFUs detected in W/WV femurs must have come from the host, for W/WV CFUs do not form surface spleen colonies and, therefore, would not have been counted. PMID- 7009185 TI - Repopulation ability and proliferation stimulus in the hematopoietic system of mice following gamma-irradiation. AB - The repopulation ability of bone marrow was measured following whole body gamma irradiation of mice. Immediately after irradiation (100--500 rad) bone marrow suspensions were transfused into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. At various time intervals after transfusion (1 hour--20 days) DNA synthetic activity in femur and spleen was measured by incorporation of 125iodo-deoxyuridine (125IUdR). The cellularity of femoral bone marrow and the spleen weight was determined. A dose dependent retardation of repopulation was found to be correlated with an increasing duration of an elevated proliferation index (125IUdR-incorporation per unit bone marrow cells of per unit spleen weight, resp.). This suggests that the organism exerted a stimulus on the hematopoietic system to promote regeneration. This proliferation stimulus was kept at a high level unit a certain degree of hematopoietic function was restored either by regeneration of the bone marrow or, by compensating proliferation, in the spleen. The repopulation ability apparently was not only impared by the loss of stem cells but also by the induction of genetic damage in stem cells whose survival and partial functioning may have been enabled by the elevated proliferation pressure. PMID- 7009184 TI - Autologous bone marrow infusion following high dose chemotherapy of the canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate infusion of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow following supralethal chemotherapy in canines bearing a solid tumor thought to be moderately sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Initial studies in 5 dogs established a combination of busulfan (Bu) 3 mg/kg X 2 days and cyclophosphamide (Cy) 50 mg/kg on day 3 to produce bone marrow lethality within 14 days (high dose regime). Bu 1 mg/kg, Cy 20 mg/kg produced tolerable toxicity (low dose regime). Eight pairs of dogs were challenged with 3 X 10(8) transmissible venereal tumor cells. Measurable progressive tumor growth occurred in all instances. Marrow aspirated from the femoral shafts of the animals was cryopreserved in 10% DMSO. One dog of each pair received the high dose Bu + Cy regime followed in 30 h by marrow infusion and his partner received the low dose regime without marrow. Tumors were measured serially for at least 2 months. Infusion of marrow resulted in evidence of hematologic recovery within 2 weeks following the high dose regime. Tumor responses occurred in both groups when compared to 8 untreated tumor challenged controls. High dose animals had greater initial responses than low dosed dogs but long term responses were not significantly different. Eight dogs rechallenged with tumor cells after initial successful therapy failed to develop tumors. It was concluded that: a) cryopreserved autologous bone marrow infusion was effective in protecting tumor bearing canines from otherwise lethal chemotherapy; b) the transmissible venereal tumor of canines responded to both high and low dose regimes; c) the rescue of dogs by stored autologous marrow did not offer additional benefits in tumor control over a standard regime; d) chemotherapy treated dogs resisted tumor rechallenge. This model may offer a large animal system to study the autologous marrow rescue concept during controlled periods of tumor evolution. PMID- 7009186 TI - Role of bone marrow stroma in hemopoietic stem cell regulation. AB - Bone marrow plugs from C57Bl mice were irradiated with 1500 rad, implanted under the kidney capsule of (CBA x C57Bl)F1 hybrid mice and reimplanted one month later in identical F1 hybrid mice. Foci of ectopic hemopoiesis formed in which all hemopoietic cells were of recipient origin, while the stroma was from the donor bone marrow. The hybrid resistance in such foci was of donor origin. Implantation of 8--10 femoral plugs under the capsule of each kidney produced large foci of ectopic hemopoiesis containing thousands of hemopoietic stem cells (CFUS). The sum total CFUS content in such mice was two- to four-fold than in normal mice in steady-state hemopoiesis. It is concluded that the regulation of stem cell proliferation and total content in the body is governed by the stroma of hemopoietic organs. PMID- 7009187 TI - Quantification of spectrin-containing erythroid precursor cells in normal and perturbed erythropoiesis. AB - The presence of spectrin in erythroid cells of female BALB/c mice has been detected by specific antisera to spectrin, using an immunofluorescent sandwich technique. Spectrin-containing cells are more numerous in bone marrow (18.9%) than in spleen (3.7%). In marrow, spectrin-containing cells exceed benzidine positive cells by about 6.2% whereas in spleen, numbers are almost equivalent. This suggests that normal proerythroblasts and perhaps more primitive erythroid cells contain spectrin, which is consistent with cytological characteristics of some spectrin-positive cells. Proerythroblast cells from spleens of Rauscher virus induced erythroleukemic mice contain spectrin although markers for hemoglobin synthesis are absent. Changes in CFUE number are closely correlated with those of spectrin-positive erythroid cells when erythropoiesis is perturbed. In red cell transfused, erythropoietically suppressed mice undergoing hemopoietic regeneration the administration of erythropoietin results in appearance of CFUE and spectrin-positive cells within 24-72 h. Due to different methods of assaying for CFUE and presence of spectrin, numerical data cannot be compared quantitatively because of uncertainty in the level of detection. Although it is not possible to demonstrate the presence or absence of spectrin in CFUE, changes in spectrin-containing cells and CFUE are closely correlated in time. Spectrin provides a convenient marker for both normal and leukemic nucleated erythroid cells and particular provides a functional marker for proerythroblasts which have previously been identified only by morphology. PMID- 7009188 TI - Heterotopically induced bone marrow formation: morphology and transplantation. AB - Following heterotopic osteogenesis by implantation of xenogeneic epithelia, established human amnion cell lines FL and WISH, and isolated transitional epithelium of dogs in mice, biogenesis of hematopoietic tissue among the induced bone ossicles was observed. Precursors and mature forms of erythroid, granuloid, lymphoid and megakaryocytic series were found in the induced bone marrow. The concentration of lymphocytes in the induced marrow was higher and that of erythropoietic cells lower as compared with orthotopic femur bone marrow. The yield of myeloid cells varied from 0.31 to 14.5 X 10(6) per induced bone nodule, and was higher when uroepithelium was used as an inductor. The induced bone marrow contained hemopoietic stem cells in concentration similar to that of medullar bone marrow and the induced bone marrow protected lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients when used in the same doses as orthotopic bone marrow. PMID- 7009189 TI - The abrogation of in vivo resistance to parental bone marrow transplantation and of in vitro natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the YAC lymphoma by in vivo growth of a transformed thymus-derived cell culture. AB - A thymus-derived monolayer culture, referred to as E1, from (C57Bl/6 X A)F1 hybrid mice was continuously passaged in vitro for over three years and formed rapidly growing, non-metastasizing tumors when injected s.c. into syngeneic mice. The spleens of tumor-bearing mice were greatly enlarged, but no tumor cells were detected in these spleens. The natural cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice decreased with increasing tumor size. In addition, the expression of genetic resistance to transplantation of C57Bl/6 parental bone marrow cells was decreased in the spleens of irradiated tumor-bearing mice. This correlation between the expressions of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and of genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation is consistent with the hypothesis that both of these responses are mediated by the same population of effector cells. PMID- 7009190 TI - Membership roster 1979-1980: International Society for Experimental Hematology. PMID- 7009191 TI - Experimental induced bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - Bronchial hyperreactivity can be influenced by antigen inhalation as well as by infections which affect the bronchial tree. Bronchial hyperreactivity characterizes the obstructive airway diseases. In order to study this problem, we have performed in our laboratory a series of experiments concerning this problem. The influence of proteolytical enzymes on acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction was tested in a series of animals. After enzymes inhalation, an extreme enlarged answer to acetylcholine exposure was observed. Bronchial hyperreactivity induced after histamine and also after antigen administration and the influence of antihistamine was also tested in a series of experiments. The hyperreactivity of bronchial system observed after experimental pulmonary embolism was finally studied on a series of animals. The influence of vagus blockade on this induced bronchial hyperreactivity was also tested. After vagus blockade no bronchoconstrictoric answer was observed. The relation of bronchial hyperreactivity to localization of sensoric receptors can be assumed. PMID- 7009192 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. AB - The efficacy of prostacyclin in preventing aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction was evaluated in a single-blind cross-over study in 3 groups of asthmatic patients. Prostacyclin was given by inhalation in doses of 250 microgram in women and 500 microgram in men. Ultrasonic mist of H2O (group 1), physical exercise on cycloergometer (group 2) and pneumoallergens (group 3) were used as bronchial stimulant agents. Prostacyclin gave a very good protection in the first 2 groups, but was ineffective in the third. An increase in heart rate was observed immediately after the inhalation of prostacyclin: this effect was particularly evident in women in whom a significant decrease in diastolic pressure was noted too. PMID- 7009194 TI - Effects of lesioning the anterior suprasylvian cortex on visuo-motor guidance performance in the cat. AB - Seven cats were trained to press a lever that moved in front of them at an adjustable speed and at random from left to right or from right to left. Efficient presses were reinforced by food. After measuring accuracy and latency of pressing the lever, the animals underwent bilateral ablation of the suprasylvian (SS) cortex; in three animals the lesions involved its anterior aspect; in two animals, they were restricted to its middle portion; two other cats had lesions of both anterior and the middle SS cortex. No long-lasting postoperative deficits were observed in any group when the lever remained immobile. On the other hand, the scores after anterior SS lesions were severely deteriorated, when presses had to be performed on the moving lever. No such deficits were noticed when the ablations were restricted to the middle SS. These results suggest that the cat anterior suprasylvian cortex (that includes parts of areas 5 and 7) plays a determinant role in the spatial adjustment of a visually guided (or visually triggered) forelimb movement. PMID- 7009195 TI - The effect of insulin on the electrophoretic mobility of rat hepatocytes. AB - The addition of insulin (10 microU) to a suspension of isolated hepatocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, causes an increase in the negative electrophoretic mobility of the cells from - 1.68 micrometer sec-1 V-1 cm to 2.26 micrometer sec-1 V-1 cm. This observation supports the findings by other workers that the binding of insulin to its receptor leads to a marked change in the membrane. PMID- 7009193 TI - Circadian surges of LH in the ovariectomised rat occur coincident with enhanced pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. AB - Experiments are described in which we have investigated the responsiveness to GnRH of pituitary glands obtained from ovariectomised rats in which LH surges were induced by steroid priming (a) by estrogen implants and (b) by estrogen progesterone injections. These treatments generate LH surges late in the light phase. Stimulation with GnRH in vitro revealed a large increase in responsiveness coincident with the surge of LH. We suggest that this effect is mediated through a self-priming effect of GnRH and that this in vitro technique may be used to detect hypothalamic release of GnRH. PMID- 7009197 TI - Inhibitory effect of 5-bromo-6-azauracil on growth and cell division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The most marked effect of 5-bromo-6-azauracil (BrAzU) on yeast cells is to cause cell lysis. The inhibition of the lytic process is delayed and this delay coincides in time with the capacity of preformed pyrimidines to reverse the effect of BrAzU. PMID- 7009196 TI - Immobilized subunits can function as an affinity sorbent to purify oligomeric enzymes: the usefulness of hybridization on the solid support. AB - Immobilized dimers of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase covalently bound to sepharose were shown to form hybrids with soluble dimers of the homologous enzymes present in crude tissue extracts (rats skeletal muscle, rat, rabbit and bovine hearts, rat liver, rat brain). Immobilized hybrid tetramers were then dissociated to form purified soluble enzymes. PMID- 7009198 TI - Effect of growth factor deficiency on nystatin sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The nystatin sensitivity, as well as the levels of total sterols and individual phospholipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are influenced by variations in the supply of growth factors. PMID- 7009199 TI - Granuloma formation in rat liver after hepatic vein ligation. AB - After occlusion of the hepatic vein draining 1 lobe of the rat liver, macrophage granulomas develop which are reproducible and apparently related to a heat-labile macrophage mobilising factor. PMID- 7009200 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors]. PMID- 7009201 TI - [Glycosphingolipids of blood groups. Their value in biochemical immunogenetics]. PMID- 7009202 TI - [Functions of the glycosphingolipids in biologic membranes]. PMID- 7009203 TI - [Natural compounds with biologic value containing a P-C bond and phosphonates]. PMID- 7009204 TI - [Physiopathological significance of inflammatory reaction proteins]. PMID- 7009205 TI - [Biosynthesis of heme: regulation; hereditary and experimental porphyrias]. PMID- 7009206 TI - [Enzymatic reduction of methemoglobin]. PMID- 7009207 TI - [Phospholipases and the synthesis of platelet prostaglandins]. PMID- 7009208 TI - Factors mediating cell--cell recognition and adhesion. Galaptins, a recently discovered class of bridging molecules. PMID- 7009209 TI - A new sodium-transport system energized by the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate. PMID- 7009210 TI - Topography of RNA in the ribosome: localization of the 3'-end of the 23 S rna on the surface of the 50 S ribosomal subunit by immune electron microscopy. PMID- 7009211 TI - Phosphorylation and proteolysis regulate the NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7009212 TI - Small-angle X-ray study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase holoenzyme from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7009214 TI - Increased lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue of lactating rats fed a cafeteria diet. The possible involvement of insulin in brown adipose tissue hypertrophy. PMID- 7009213 TI - Topology and dynamics of phospholipids in membranes. PMID- 7009215 TI - [Salvador Allende and his medical activities]. PMID- 7009216 TI - [Factory medicine in Petersburg]. PMID- 7009217 TI - [History of therapeutic massage]. PMID- 7009219 TI - Prospective studies of carbohydrate metabolism in "normal" women using norgestrel for eighteen months. AB - Studies of carbohydrate metabolism were conducted before and after 18 months of daily use of a 0.075-mg norgestrel preparation by 50 "normal" women. Each study involved a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. There was a significant increase in the weights of the women over the time of study. In addition, all of the plasma insulin values and all of the blood glucose values were significantly elevated at the 18-month test. All of the control glucose tolerance tests were normal initially, but eight (16%) of the glucose curves were abnormal at the 18 month test. These data suggest a systemic metabolic effect of norgestrel which may play a role in accelerating atherogenesis. PMID- 7009218 TI - Multiple pregnancies following induction of ovulation. PMID- 7009220 TI - Sperm motility assessment by videomicrography. AB - A technically simple, inexpensive method is described for measuring objective parameters of sperm motility. The instruments involved are commercially available, home-oriented videotape equipment. Quantitative measurements of sperm motility are made directly from the video image and are facilitated by use of an analysis transparency that is applied as an overlay to the screen of the television monitor. A protocol is given for describing the motility of a suspension of human spermatozoa in terms of percentage motility, mean swimming speed, and the percentage of progressive sperm. A complete analysis can be done in 20 minutes or less. Examples are presented of videomicrographic assessment of the motility of human and bull spermatozoa. PMID- 7009221 TI - Culture of seminal fluid in a fertility clinic. AB - To determine whether the culture of seminal fluid in a fertility clinic is of importance, bacterial cultures were obtained in a consecutive series of 96 patients. Routine bacteriologic cultures were performed within 1 hour of collection. Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) cultures were also obtained in the last 31 of the patients in this series. Of these 96 patients, 11% showed significant bacterial growth (greater than 10(4) colonies/ml) in the semen specimens, 8% in those patients with normal semen analyses and 14% in those with abnormal analyses. Fifty-eight per cent of semen specimens were positive for U. urealyticum. In reference to normal and abnormal semen analyses the distribution was the same regardless of the presence or absence of U. urealyticum. Antibiotic treatment resulted in minor changes in motility and morphology in a few patients despite conversion to a negative culture. Cultures were also coordinated with microscopic urinalysis and the presence of white blood cells or bacteria in stained smears of semen. There were no significant differences between groups with positive or negative cultures. Trichomonas vaginalis was not seen. PMID- 7009222 TI - Fertility and tubal morphology after microsurgical removal of segments of the porcine fallopian tube. AB - A controlled study was carried out in the pig to determine the effect on fertility of resecting either the ampullary-isthmic junction or the isthmus. In both treated groups, the nidation index was lower than that in the control animals. The index was not significantly lower in the isthmic resection group than in the ampullary-isthmic junction group. The implications of these findings in terms of fallopian tube physiology and human tubal reconstructive surgery are discussed. PMID- 7009223 TI - [Hospital hygiene in the past and present]. PMID- 7009224 TI - [Impression technics in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation]. PMID- 7009225 TI - [The work of Gusztav Morelli and his role in the development of the teaching of periodontics in Hungary]. PMID- 7009226 TI - [Correction of mandibular defects by bone graft combined with soft tissue flaps]. PMID- 7009227 TI - Regulation of antibody response to SRBC. I. Influence of corpuscular and soluble form of erythrocyte antigen and antigen dose on antibody response in A/J and C57BL/10ScSn mice. AB - Mice of the inbred strain C57BL/10ScSn compared to the A/J strain produce ten times fewer IgG plaque-forming cells and serum IgG antibodies after primary and secondary SRBC immunization. Even after a repeated immunization with SRBC, the titres of IgG anti SRBC antibodies in serum do not reach the levels found in A/J mice. On the other hand, IgM anti SRBC antibodies are higher in C57BL/10ScSn mice and remain high, even after repeated immunization. Doses of antigen ranging from 1 X 10(7) to 1 X 10(10) SRBC per mouse i.p. did not change significantly the response of C57BL/10ScSn mice. Only the highest dose slightly increased IgG anti SRBC antibody production. The use of a soluble erythrocyte antigen with similar antigenic properties as the original corpuscular form did not change the nature of IgM and IgG anti SRBC antibody response. PMID- 7009228 TI - Regulation of antibody response to SRBC. II. Effect of a non-specific stimulation. AB - The ratio of individual 78 isotypes after primary and secondary immunization with SRBC was studied in the strain with a normal formation of IgG antibodies (A/J) and in the strain which responds predominantly by formation of IgM antibodies and only by a low IgG antibody response (C57BL/10ScSn, hereafter referred to as B10). The greatest differences were found in the amount of PFC which produce the IgG2a isotype. In B10 mice the IgG2a/IgM ratio is more than 100 times lower than in A/J mice. The so-called "natural antibodies" to SRBC were detected in both strains and were only of the IgM class; they were slightly higher in B10 mice. Using haemagglutination inhibition test we did not find greater differences between SRBC and erythrocytes of B10 mice than between SRBC and erythrocytes of A/J mice which might explain the lower levels of IgG antibodies after immunization with SRBC. T lymphocytes play an important role for the IgM-IgG switch. This activity of T lymphocytes can be partially substituted by certain substances like LPS or even CFA. We attempted therefore to influence the level of IgG in B10 mice by administration of 10 micrograms of LPS i.p. simultaneously with SRBC. In the high responder strain A/J the administration of LPS led predominantly to an increase in IgG-producing PFC, while the amount of IgM increased only slightly. The effect of LPS on B10 mice was somewhat different. It increased the level of IgG to such an extent that it was comparable to the level seen in A/J mice; however, it also increased the number of IgM-producing PFC so that the final ratio of IgG/IgM remained low in B10 mice. PMID- 7009229 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in the gecko, Tarentola annularis. AB - The gecko Tarentola annularis, rejects skin allografts in a chronic manner, whereas the cutaneous response to tuberculin has the characteristics of mammalian delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Moreover, inoculation of gecko's spleen lymphocytes into skin of intact or whole-body--heavily irradiated allogeneic hosts, readily elicits a severe, local reaction (normal lymphocyte transfer reaction). The data indicate that slow skin graft rejection in T. annularis cannot be ascribed to either defective cellular immune reactivity or to the absence of strong antigenic disparity in the species. PMID- 7009230 TI - [Studies on glucagon secretion in obese rats with hypothalamic lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Glucagon secretion was studied in rats with electrolytic lesions of the bilateral ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH-L) under various experimental conditions. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The basal plasma level of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was lowered in VMH-L rats 5 and 10 weeks after the operation. Plasma IRG levels after 24-hour starvation and during the arginine load were more significantly decreased in the VMH-L rats than in the control group. 2. The basal plasma level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) showed significant positive correlations with body weight and Lee's index in these rats. The basal plasma level of IRG showed significant negative correlations with body weight, Lee's index and basal plasma IRI level. 3. In response to the arginine load, the plasma IRI level was significantly increased in VMH-L rats immediately after the operation, and the plasma IRG level was more significantly decreased in VMH-L rats 1 week after the operation than in the control group. 4. The response of plasma IRG to the arginine load was also lowered more in VMH-L rats than in rats pair-fed for 4 weeks after the operation. 5. 15 weeks after the operation, there was no significant difference in response of plasma IRI and IRG to the subcutaneous injection of epinephrine between VMH-L and control rats. These findings indicate that hypoglucagonemia in the VMH-L rats was induced by various factors, such as disorder of the autonomic nervous system, excessive insulin release, etc. The impairment of glucagon secretion may contribute to the development of obesity observed in rats with VMH-lesions. PMID- 7009232 TI - [Fixed or removable partial dentures? Part 1]. PMID- 7009231 TI - [The influence of age, sex, menstrual cycle and electrolyte balance on the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009235 TI - [Restoration of the function of the vestibulum using a circular bridge]. PMID- 7009233 TI - [The Logix model system]. PMID- 7009234 TI - [Formation of the base and clasp elements of removable cast partial dentures]. PMID- 7009237 TI - [Winners of the Golden Parallelometer '80]. PMID- 7009236 TI - [The Golden Parallelometer '80]. PMID- 7009238 TI - Removable orthodontic appliances. AB - One of the goals of this article has been to emphasize the limitation of removable appliances. It is also stressed that if the right preconditions are present, the removable appliance is a tool that should be used by a general dentist as well as by the orthodontist. Interceptive treatment carried out with removable appliances at the correct time may save the patient from a more complicated treatment at a later stage. Minor tooth movements can often facilitate the fabrication of a bridgework and should therefore be included in reconstruction. It has been pointed out that the construction and design of the appliance may be of crucial importance. A careful treatment plan and detailed description of the appliance should therefore precede treatment. PMID- 7009240 TI - [100 years of service to the dental profession]. PMID- 7009239 TI - The differential diagnosis and treatment of crossbites. AB - The purpose of this discussion was to give the practitioner a better understanding of the diagnostic processes involved in evaluating a crossbite and arriving at a differential diagnosis. It is hoped that the material presented helps to show the logical steps required to arrive at an intelligent diagnosis. The section on appliances was presented to show the range of treatment modalities available and to illustrate specific cases to show their effectiveness. It is important for the practitioner to realize that effective and efficient treatment of the patient must start with a clear diagnostic evaluation of the patient's problem. PMID- 7009241 TI - MHC and general recognition. PMID- 7009242 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in ferrets. Delayed dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production. PMID- 7009243 TI - Immunoglobulins in the egg, embryo and young chick. PMID- 7009244 TI - Effectiveness of snake serum as a source of complement in the PFC assay of mouse lymphoid cells. PMID- 7009245 TI - Elimination of bacteria from the circulation of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. PMID- 7009246 TI - Relation between hemoglobin AI and determinations of glucose in diabetics treated with and without insulin. AB - The concentration in blood of hemoglobin AI is known to correlate well with glucose regulation if blood and urinary glucose values are carefully documented over several weeks. A slight increase of HbAI with age was found in 94 healthy subjects. In 41 adult diabetics treated with sulfonylurea drugs or diet alone, good correlations were obtained between HbAI and single random measurements of morning blood glucose (r = 0.69) and log urinary glucose/24h (r = 0.79) whereas in 47 adult patients with insulin-treated diabetes the corresponding correlation coefficients were only 0.42 and 0.49, respectively. In 29 insulin-treated children the HbAI-values were not correlated with single morning blood glucose determinations (r = 0.16 n.s.) but a correlation coefficient of 0.83 was found between HbAI and an index for regular testing of urinary glucose (Clinitest) at home. For the long-term monitoring of insulin-treated diabetics, single random determinations of blood and urinary glucose may often provide misleading information and particularly in these patients, routine determinations of HbAI should be of value. PMID- 7009247 TI - Pituitary and adrenal control of pancreatic endocrine function in the duck. III. Effects of glucose, oleic acid, arginine, insulin and glucagon infusions in hypophysectomized or normal ducks. AB - The existence of plasma metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids [FFA[, aminoacids [AA])--pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon) feedback mechanisms and of insulin glucagon relationships were studied in hypophysectomised ducks; the insulinogenic effect of glucagon was also studied in normal ducks in physiological conditions. Glucose infusion stimulated insulin secretion in hypophysectomised ducks; during oleic acid infusion, plasma IRI (immunoreactive insulin) was not modified whereas plasma GLI (glucagon like immunoreactivity) level drops slightly. Arginine induced insulin and glucagon secretion. Plasma GLI did not decrease during insulin infusion. In normal ducks glucagon was insulinogenic, hyperglycaemic and hypoaminoacidaemic. These biological properties of glucagon were lost in hypophysectomised ducks, except the effect on plasma aminoacids. It is concluded that the anterior pituitary and the adrenal cortex indirectly control the endocrine function of the pancreas, via the plasma metabolites and the insulin glucagon interactions. In normal ducks, glucagon is probably insulinogenic in physiological conditions. PMID- 7009249 TI - [Physiopathology of non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma in diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperosmolar diabetic coma is characterised by extreme hyperglycaemia and dehydration. Hypernatremia often contributes additionally to plasma hyperosmolarity. The pathogenesis of these component abnormalities is considered. The explanation of the absence of hyperketonaemia is examined in the light of recent experimental and clinical data. At the beginning of the development of the syndrome, high peripheral plasma insulin probably explains the lack of ketosis via inhibition of lipolysis. Later, when hyperosmolar coma is established, peripheral insulinopenia but an "insulinised" liver may coexist. This would favour metabolism of free fatty acids along nonketogenic pathways. PMID- 7009250 TI - Supply of polyenoic fatty acids to the mammalian brain: the ease of conversion of the short-chain essential fatty acids to their longer chain polyunsaturated metabolites in liver, brain, placenta and blood. PMID- 7009248 TI - Blood and plasma glucose relationships during pregnancy, the breeding cycle and development in the rat. AB - The concentration of blood and plasma glucose in developing, pregnant and post partum rats has been determined under uniform conditions of housing, feeding and circadian rhythms. The glucose content of erythrocytes and of the plasma compartment has been estimated using the packed cell hematocrit value as correction factor. During pregnancy and fetal development there were significant reductions in the proportion of intracellular glucose, and significant increases during the suckling and weaning period. There was no direct relationship with plasma insulin levels. Results are discussed in relation to aspects of metabolism specific to the physiological components of the breeding cycle studied; plasma glucose homeostasis is held very constant; both intraerythrocytic and plasma concentrations should be considered when studying glucose homeostasis in given physiological situations. PMID- 7009253 TI - Interaction of concanavalin A with individual proteins from bacterial and mammalian ribosomes. PMID- 7009251 TI - Some preparative and analytical applications of triazine dyes. PMID- 7009252 TI - Structural aspects of the catalytic and regulatory function of glycogen phosphorylase. PMID- 7009254 TI - Clomipramine in the prevention of migraine. AB - Clomipramine was compared with placebo in the prevention of migraine headache. Both treatments reduced the frequency of attack markedly but there was no significant difference between the two. The severity of the attack was reduced in both cases but not significantly. The duration of attack was not affected. Significantly more side-effects were seen in the clomipramine group. PMID- 7009255 TI - A comparative trial of clomipramine and placebo as adjunctive therapy in arthralgia. AB - Several studies have reported that both imipramine and clomipramine are valuable adjuncts in the management of chronic pain, in particular that associated with the arthritides. A double-blind between-patients clinical trial of clomipramine and placebo was performed in general practice in patients suffering from arthralgia and who had stable regular predictable pain in the joints without the immediate prospect of natural remission. Clomipramine (25 mg daily) or placebo was administered in addition to standard analgesic or anti-inflammatory therapy. Twenty-eight general practitioners recruited seventy-four patients. Forty-nine patients satisfactorily completed the study and twenty-five 'dropped out'. Twenty three completers received active medication and twenty-six received placebo. The trial failed to demonstrate any difference between the two adjunctive treatments. These results are in marked contrast to those obtained in other studies. Possible reasons are discussed. The dose may have been inadequate and the consumption of 'rescue analgesics' was inadequately controlled. Previous 'positive studies' had been within-patients designs as opposed to between-patients studies. This methodological difference may be important. PMID- 7009257 TI - First impressions of the use of meptazinol in general practice. AB - Meptazinol which is a potent opiate antagonist analgesic has been assessed by the oral route at a dose of 200 mg 3-6 hourly. The analgesic profile shows a significant fall in pain score by 2 hours which was the earliest recording time. Satisfactory pain relief was maintained during 3 days of treatment. The side effect profile was of a low order and there was no adverse effect on haematological and biochemical screens. PMID- 7009256 TI - Once daily beta-blocker in hypertension--oxprenolol slow-release. AB - In a within-patient comparison of conventional oxprenolol administered twice daily with slow-release oxprenolol administered once daily in the treatment of hypertension, twenty patients previously responsive to beta-blockers took each formulation for 4 weeks, after wash-out periods off beta-blocker of 2 weeks' duration. The order of administration of the two forms was randomized, and sixteen patients continued medication with cyclopenthiazide 0.5 mg daily. Blood pressure levels at the end of the 4-week treatment periods were compared with levels at the end of the preceding 2-week wash-out periods. Both formulations lowered blood pressure and pulse rate significantly. There was no difference in their effects on pulse rate or on blood pressure, whether measured by the doctors using standard sphygmomanometers or by the hypertension sister using a random zero sphygmomanometer. In four patients who measured their own blood pressures at home each morning (before medications), afternoon and night, mean levels were similar with the two formulations. Both formulations were very well tolerated. PMID- 7009258 TI - An evaluation of once-daily applications of diflorasone diacetate in eczematous dermatoses. AB - The efficacy of once-daily applications of 0.05% diflorasone diacetate in a cream or ointment formulation was evaluated in a 3-week study of 301 patients with eczematous dermatoses. The lesions were classified by severity and included those of an acute, sub-acute or chronic nature. Clinical evaluations were based on overall lesion improvement and improvement in specific signs and symptoms. Over 80% of patients reported the therapy to be good or excellent. Sixteen patients reported side-effects consisting largely of transient burning and stinging. PMID- 7009259 TI - Benzbromarone therapy in hyperuricaemia. AB - A series of patients with hyperuricaemia associated with rheumatic symptoms were treated with Benzbromarone (Minuric) and followed over a period of 5 months. Each patient was assessed clinically and biochemically before and at regular monthly intervals during the trial. All patients showed a marked reduction in serum uric acid levels and a significant increase in urinary uric acid elimination rates. Some degree of clinical improvement was noted in most patients and the drug was well tolerated throughout the study. Two patients were withdrawn during the trial; one because of diarrhoea, probably due to benzbromarone and the other because of lack of efficacy. PMID- 7009260 TI - Histidine-rich protein in developing rat epidermis. PMID- 7009262 TI - Proteinase activities of the golden hamster eggs and cells of the cumulus oophorus. PMID- 7009261 TI - Cardiac myocyte cell surface: identification and expression of differentiation antigens during chick heart development. PMID- 7009263 TI - Characterization of oligodendrocytes in primary cultures from brain hemispheres of newborn rats. PMID- 7009264 TI - Correlation between the nature and amount of carbohydrate in meal intake and insulin delivery by the artificial pancreas in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - We have studied the effects of mixed meals and dextrose intake on blood glucose and insulin delivery by the artificial pancreas in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics. A group of 12 patients had 3 mixed meals containing at random 20, 40, and 60 g of complex carbohydrate along with protein and fat; another group of 12 diabetics, comparable in weight, age, and duration of diabetes, received at random 20, 40, and 60 g of dextrose. Dextrose ingestion led to a higher initial blood glucose increase than did the mixed meal, but the duration of blood glucose increase lasted significantly longer after the mixed meal than after the dextrose load. The areas under the curves of hyperglycemia were not significantly different. There was a high (but not linear) correlation between the total amount of insulin delivered in order to restore initial blood glucose values and the amount of CHO consumed. There was no correlation with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, nor with the nature and order of administration of the CHO load; 5.1 +/- 1.6 to 13.7 +/- 2.1 units of insulin were needed for a period of 94 +/- 11 to 132 +/- 11 min. It is suggested that some of the data obtained in this study might be useful in the programming of an open-loop insulin infusion system. PMID- 7009265 TI - Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by diet control in the db/db mouse. AB - Diabetes in the C57BL/KsJ(db/db) mouse is initially expressed as hyperinsulinemia, followed by hyperphagia, progressive obesity, and widespread pathologic abnormalities. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of metabolic control on the natural history of the diabetic nephropathy. Beginning at 1 mo of age and continuing for 12 wk, diabetic mice were subjected to controlled dietary restriction, such that their weight was maintained similar to that of age-matched, nondiabetic heterozygotes. Diet-restricted diabetics were compared with diabetics fed ad libitum and heterozygote nondiabetics. Significant lowering of fasting blood glucose, water intake, and plasma insulin was achieved by diet restriction. The diet-restricted diabetes demonstrated enhanced metabolic efficiency, consuming approximately half as much food as the nondiabetics, while maintaining a similar weight. Diabetics fed ad libitum evidenced well-defined renal lesions that included 3 + to 4 + immunoglobulin deposition in the glomerular mesangium, and generalized mesangial matrix expansion. These lesions were completely prevented in diet-restricted diabetes whose glomeruli were normal light microscopy, and demonstrated trace to 1 + mesangial immunoglobulin deposition, features identical in all respects to the nondiabetics. These results indicate that diabetic control achieved by preventing of obesity in the db/db mouse prevents the development of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7009267 TI - LIlly lecture 1980. Insulin resistance and insulin action. An in vitro and in vivo perspective. PMID- 7009266 TI - Oxytocin infusion increases plasma insulin and glucagon levels and glucose production and uptake in the normal dog. AB - Infusion of oxytocin (50--500 microU/kg/min) into normal conscious dogs produces a rise in plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels. These changes are accompanied by a prompt increase in glucose production followed by an increase in overall glucose uptake, as determined using 6-3H-glucose infusion. PMID- 7009268 TI - Prostacyclin production by isolated adipocytes. AB - Isolated rat adipocytes produce prostacyclin (PGI2) in relatively large quantities during norepinephrine (NE)-induced lipolysis. The endogenous NE induced production rate of PGI2, calculated from the NE-induced production rate of PGI2 observed in our studies (2.2 ng/10(6) cells/2 h) and from the number of fat cells in the normal organism, is 1.46 ng/kg/min for rats, 4.46 ng/kg/min for men, and 11.86 ng/kg/min for women. These rates are comparable to the exogenous PGI2 infusion rate that alters platelet aggregation and blood pressure in rats and humans. Exogenous PGI2 failed to modify the rate of NE-induced lipolysis. Inhibition of endogenous PGI2 production by indomethacin had no effect on the rate of NE-induced lipolysis when either a maximal or submaximal lipolytic concentration of NE was used. PGI2 [rather than prostaglandin (PG) E2] may be the substance that accounts for the functional vasodilatation that accompanies hormone-induced lipolysis. PGI2 is produced in large quantities than PGE2 during NE-induced lipolysis and is a more potent vasodilator than PGE2. Its instability can account for the inability of previous investigators to detect a vasodilator substance in the venous effluent of adipose tissue. The production of PGI2 by adipocytes may be an important modulator of the regulation of vascular tone and platelet aggregation by catecholamines in the vascular bed of adipose tissue and perhaps other tissues. PGI2 produced by adipocytes, by virtue of its ability to cause vasodilatation and inhibit platelet aggregation, may contribute to the maintenance of luminal patency in the vascular bed of adipose tissue and possibly other tissue as well. PMID- 7009269 TI - Tissue differences in insulin receptors: acute changes in insulin binding characteristics induced by wheat germ agglutinin. PMID- 7009271 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies reacting with rat islet cell membrane antigens. AB - The present communication describes the generation of twelve lymphocyte hybrid cell lines whose antibodies react with the rat islet cell line RIN, and the initial characterization of the tissue specificity and functional properties of these antibodies. Since antibodies recognizing islet cell differentiation antigens were sought, these permanent hybrid cell lines were developed from cultures whose antibodies, by radioimmunoassay, bound minimally or not at all to rat red blood cells (cell line A3C1 is an exception). Antibodies from five of the cell lines by radioimmunoassay react significantly with cultured rat fibroblasts in addition to their reaction with RIN cells. Antibody F41-5D6 by indirect immunofluorescence reacted with sections of the RISL transplantable islet cell tumor and specifically with islet cells in sections of rat pancreas. Four antibodies (F41-1G3, 5B5, 6C5, and 5A5), by indirect immunofluorescence, reacted with sections of the RISL transplantable islet cell tumor but not with sections of normal pancreas. Seven of the antibodies were cytotoxic to cultured RIN cells and seven antibodies share the useful property of reacting with protein A. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing monoclonal antibodies to islet cell differentiation antigens and describes several antibodies which should be useful reagents in studies of the physiology and pathophysiology of the islet cell plasma membrane. PMID- 7009270 TI - Effect of insulin and glucose infusions on sympathetic nervous system activity in normal man. PMID- 7009272 TI - Block in insulin release from column-perifused pancreatic beta-cells induced by islet cell surface antibodies and complement. AB - Dispersed rat pancreatic islet cells were mixed into a short column of Bio-Gel P 2 polyacrylamide beads and perifused with an antiserum containing islet cell surface antibodies. The release of radioactive chromium from prelabeled cells, as a measure of cell membrane permeability, was not affected by cell surface antibodies alone, but increased dramatically in the presence of complement. While there was an eightfold increase in glucose-stimulated insulin release from beta cells exposed to control serum and complement, insulin release was completely blocked from beta-cells exposed to islet-cell-specific antibodies and complement. These findings suggest that islet cell surface antibodies can mediate complement dependent cytotoxicity. PMID- 7009273 TI - Decreased stimulated glucose oxidation and iodination by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from insulin-treated diabetic subjects. PMID- 7009274 TI - Immunologic potency of recombined A- and B-chains of synthetic human and pancreatic pork insulins. AB - Pork insulin recombined from cleaved A- and B-chains of pancreatic insulin was shown to be identical with the pancreatic hormone both in erythrocyte receptor assays and in immunoassays employing four different antisera, including two species-specific human anti-insulin sera. Pancreatic human insulin and that prepared from recombined bacterially synthesized A- and B-chains were also indistinguishable in the same systems. This study demonstrates that the prohormone stage of either human or porcine insulin is not required to preserve potency of membrane binding or immunochemical reactivity, even employing an antiserum with marked species specificity. PMID- 7009276 TI - Albumin deposition in dermal capillary basement membrane in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A preliminary report. AB - Skin specimens obtained from 24 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) and 35 controls were examined by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. An increased percentage (greater than 8%) of dermal vessel basement membranes (BM) showing circumferential fluorescence for albumin was observed in 18 of 24 IDD (duration of diabetes 1.5-33 yr) and 1 of 35 controls. Dual label studies using fluorescein conjugated anti-human albumin and rhodamine-conjugated anti-human BM confirmed that localization of albumin was within the BM. These studies suggest that increased albumin localization in extracellular BM may be widespread in diabetes. PMID- 7009275 TI - The insulin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 in humans. AB - The human insulin gene has been previously localized to chromosome 11. We have analyzed the human DNA sequences present in a human-mouse somatic cell hybrid line possessing a translocation involving human chromosomes 11 and X. These data indicate that the human insulin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 in the region p13 leads to pter. PMID- 7009278 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic patients with hyperkalemia. AB - Seven long-standing diabetic patients with spontaneous and intermittent hyperkalemia were studied in an effort to assess the normality of their renin aldosterone axis. The administration of oral glucose, in the absence of insulin, caused a paradoxical rise in serum potassium with no significant change in plasma aldosterone concentration from controls. All displayed subnormal aldosterone secreting capacity to known stimuli of aldosterone secretion such as low salt diet, angiotensin II infusion, and ACTH infusion. The paradoxical rise in serum potassium with hyperglycemia was corrected in all by concomitant administration of insulin or pretreatment with a mineralocorticoid. Our observations question the role of aldosterone deficiency in the phenomenon of glucose-induced hyperkalemia. PMID- 7009277 TI - Functional evaluation of a bioartificial pancreas using isolated islets perifused with blood ultrafiltrate. PMID- 7009281 TI - Clinical evaluation of spina bifida patients using hip guidance orthosis. AB - A hip guidance orthosis has been designed to provide the highest potential level of ambulation for the child with myelomeningocele. It permits low energy-cost ambulation at a reasonable speed, and independent transfer from chair to walking and vice versa. It also enables some patients to ascend or descend steps of up to 150mm, as well as gradients of up to one in 10. A review of 27 patients who had used the orthosis for periods of between six and 45 months was undertaken in order to establish the degree of benefit. 17 patients had no power in hips or below, the rest having some power in one or both hips. 17 patients had dorsal lesions and the remainder had lumbar lesions. Using Hoffer's (1973) classification, 13 patients had improved ambulation when using the hip guidance orthosis, and most of the remainder showed some measurable improvement in ambulation. 14 patients were tested for speed of ambulation and heart rate before and after use of the orthosis, and the mean increase in speed was 87.3 per cent, with a mean decrease in heart rate of 10bpm--a clear improvement in efficiency. The results indicate that the hip guidance orthosis can provide low-energy ambulation for spina bifida patients with dorsal and high lumbar lesions in a form acceptable both to patients and parents. PMID- 7009280 TI - Evidence for an effect of exorphins on plasma insulin and glucagon levels in dogs. AB - Recently, peptides with opioid-like activity have been demonstrated in peptic digests of dietary protein. The present study was designed to determine the effect of digested and undigested gluten on postprandial insulin and glucagon levels in conscious dogs. The intragastric instillation of digested gluten (25 g) elicited a more rapid and a significantly greater rise in postprandial peripheral vein insulin and glucagon levels compared with the effect of 25 g undigested gluten. The incremental insulin level was 104 +/- 20 microU/ml after digested gluten and only 58 +/- 7 microU/ml (P less than 0.01) after undigested gluten; the respective values for glucagon are 426 +/- 25 pg/ml versus 302 +/- 20 pg/ml (P less than 0.01). The intragastric administration of naloxone (4 mg), a specific opiate receptor antagonist, reduced the insulin response and augmented the glucagon response to the digested gluten test meal, whereas the response of both hormones to the undigested gluten meal was not affected by naloxone. Intravenously infused naloxone during the digested gluten meal did not influence insulin or glucagon levels. The present data suggest that in dogs the peptic digest of gluten contains an opioid-like material that stimulates postprandial insulin and glucagon release. PMID- 7009279 TI - Zinc-induced inhibition of insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - The present experiments indicate that ZnCl2 (0.015-0.50 mM) inhibits in a dose dependent manner insulin secretion from isolated rat islets stimulated by D glucose, L-leucine, and potassium. This inhibitory effect is partially reversed by washing and antagonized by high calcium concentrations in the medium. Zinc levels that inhibit insulin release do not affect 45calcium uptake, and zinc will not replace calcium in triggering insulin release. The conversion of 14C-D glucose to 14CO2 by islets is not modified by zinc (0.12 mM or 0.50 mM) following either 2- or 0.5-h incubation periods, respectively. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of zinc on insulin secretion may, in part, be mediated through interference with an intracellular function of calcium by the beta-cell. PMID- 7009283 TI - Glucose storage and oxidation in different degrees of human obesity measured by continuous indirect calorimetry. PMID- 7009284 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in insulin-dependent diabetics with and without serum islet-cell autoantibodies. AB - The lymphocyte subpopulations of 26 insulin-dependent diabetics were studied. Thirteen of them had persistent pancreatic islet-cell serum antibodies (ICA) (mean (+/- SD) duration of diabetes 11 +/- 8 years). The others were ICA-negative (mean duration of diabetes 10 +/- 8 years). The mean fasting blood glucose in the week before the lymphocyte count was 1..37 +/- 0.45 g/l (two specimens for every patient). As controls 19 healthy volunteers, sex and age matched, were investigated. The T-lymphocyte count was no different in diabetics compared to controls. B-cells were significantly raised (p less than 0.01) in the ICA positive group, when tested with anti-human gammaglobulin sera (IgG + IgA + IgM), anti-human IgM, while no difference was observed between ICA-negative patients and normal subjects. IgA-bearing lymphocytes were equally raised in both diabetic groups (p less than 0.05). These data show an altered immunological balance in type IB (autoimmune) diabetes, characterized by an increased number of B lymphocytes. PMID- 7009282 TI - The milieu interieur and the islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7009285 TI - A physiological solvent for crystalline insulin. AB - Insulin is insoluble in water at physiological pH, but dissolves relatively rapidly in plasma. To quantify the ability of various solutions to dissolve crystalline insulin, a simple assay measuring dissolution time was developed. At pH 7.5 and room temperature, distilled water, 0.154 mol/l NaCl, Ringer's lactate solution, and 5% albumin in 0.154 mol/l NaCl did not dissolve insulin crystals within 30 min. Normal postprandial human plasma and a protein-free cell culture medium dissolved insulin crystals within 3 to 8 min. This ability was inhibited by acid titration of the fluids to a stable pH of 6.30, at which point bicarbonate depletion could be implied. Repletion of bicarbonate did restore the ability of these solutions to dissolve insulin crystals, but back-titration to the initial pH with NaOH did not. The effect of sodium bicarbonate alone was strongly concentration dependent above 23 mmol/l. We suggest that the ability of physiological fluids to dissolve insulin crystals at normal pH depends on their bicarbonate content. The ability to dissolve insulin with a physiological solvent which prevents its reaggregation promises to facilitate its use in portable pumping systems. PMID- 7009287 TI - Stimulatory effect of serum from diabetic patients on insulin release from mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture. AB - Islets of Langerhans from NMRI-mice were kept for one week in tissue culture in medium supplemented with human serum obtained from either normal healthy subjects or newly diagnosed juvenile diabetic patients before insulin treatment. Islets cultured in diabetic serum released more insulin than islets cultured in normal serum, whether tissue culture medium 199 with 5.5-8.3 mmol/l glucose and 10% serum, or culture medium RPMI 1640 with 11 mmol/l glucose and 0.5% serum were used. Islets kept for one week in culture with diabetic serum did not show any decrease in DNA content or glucose induced insulin secretion and biosynthesis. It is concluded that serum from newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients stimulates insulin release from isolated mouse islets kept in tissue culture. The underlying mechanism is unknown. PMID- 7009286 TI - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and gastrin on insulin secretion in the mouse. AB - The in vivo effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin and two different molecular forms of gastrin, gastrin 17 and pentagastrin, on basal and stimulated insulin secretion have been investigated in the mouse. All these peptides induced a moderate dose-dependent increase in basal insulin secretion. The different polypeptides showed complex effects on insulin release stimulated by glucose, the cholinergic agonist carbachol or the beta-adrenergic agonist L isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA), these effects being dependent on the nature of the secretagogue. VIP and secretin both potentiated glucose-induced insulin release. Secretin inhibited insulin secretion induced by carbachol and L-IPNA, whereas VIP potentiated L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion and had no influence on the effect of carbachol. Gastrin 17 and pentagastrin did not affect glucose- or carbachol-induced insulin release, whereas they inhibited L-IPNA-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that VIP, secretin and gastrin display their effects on insulin secretion through different mechanisms. The results indirectly suggest the existence of separate insulin secretory pathways which operate differently, or at least partly differently, after glucose stimulation, cholinergic stimulation, and beta-adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7009289 TI - Haloperidol and insulin release. PMID- 7009288 TI - Effect of insulin on glucagon secretion mediated via glucose metabolism of pancreatic A cells in ducks. AB - A possible action of insulin via glucose metabolism on the pancreatic A cell response to glucose, was studied in ducks. 2-Deoxyglucose, a nonmetabolizable analogue of glucose was used. In normal ducks, the hyperglycaemia induced by 2 deoxyglucose (IV: 0.5 g/kg) resulted in hyperglucagonaemia, while the same degree of hyperglycaemia, induced by glucose infusion (IV injection 25 mg/kg, and infusion 5 mg/kg/min) immediately suppressed glucagon secretion. In diabetic ducks, two days after subtotal pancreatectomy, glucose responsiveness of the A cell was abolished, but could be restored by insulin treatment before (IM 0.2 U/kg insulin + 8 micrograms/kg glucagon every 6 h) and during (IV 3.6 mU/kg + infusion 0.9 mU/kg/min) the glucose test (IV: 0.5 g/kg). The normal response of the A cell to glucose was not observed in diabetic insulin-treated ducks after the administration of 2-deoxyglucose (IV: 0.5 g/kg). These data suggest an inhibitory effect of the metabolism of glucose on the release of glucagon. In addition, the action of insulin on the A cell may be mediated by its effect on glucose metabolism within the A cell. PMID- 7009292 TI - Effects of diabetes and of injury on muscle protein in the mouse, and their interaction. AB - The effects of a 20% dorsal scald injury and of different severities of streptozotocin diabetes on hindquarter muscle protein have been studied in the mouse. Ten days after scald injury muscle protein contents were generally unaffected, whereas moderate diabetes (200 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight; plasma glucose concentrations 17--46 mmol/1; normal 11 mmol/l) led to net loss of muscle protein. Production of scald injury in the moderately diabetic mouse caused significant additional loss of muscle protein, especially from the extensor digitorum longus Milder diabetes (maximum plasma glucose concentration 15 mmol/l) did not lead to loss of muscle protein. However, scald injury in the mildly diabetic mouse caused significant loss of protein from all muscles studied. The effects of diabetes and of injury on loss of muscle protein were at least additive and in some muscles probably synergistic. PMID- 7009291 TI - Daily physical activity, work capacity and glucose tolerance in lean and obese normoglycaemic middle-aged men. AB - Daily physical activity, work capacity, relative body weight and glucose tolerance were studied in 115 normoglycaemic 48 year old men selected from a health screening programme. In contrast to the reported physical activity at work, leisure time activity was significantly related to maximal oxygen uptake (p less than 0.05), glucose (p less than 0.05) and insulin values (p less than 0.05) during OGTT, but not to relative body weight. The number of men with impaired glucose tolerance (glucose at 120 min greater than 6.9 mmol) was significantly higher among those who were physically inactive during their leisure time. The insulin glucose ratio at 0 and 120 min during the OGTT was significantly higher in the obese unfit as compared to the obese fit subjects thus suggesting an influence of moderate leisure time physical activity on glucose tolerance. PMID- 7009290 TI - The metabolic response to hyperglycaemic clamping in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The metabolic and hormonal effects of stable hyperglycaemia (10-12 mmol/l) have been examined in five insulin-dependent diabetics and compared with the results of 8 h (1200 to 2000 h) normoglycaemic (5-6 mmol/l) clamping. Glucose levels were maintained using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system. Mean blood lactate, pyruvate, total ketone bodies, glycerol and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were similar during the period of stable glycaemia at the two glucose levels. In contrast mean blood alanine was markedly elevated during hyperglycaemic clamping (0.384 +/- 0.008 vs 0.298 +/- 0.021 mmol/l) and 3 hydroxybutyrate was slightly decreased (0.068 +/- 0.007 vs 0.084 +/- 0.008 mmol/l). Plasma glucagon levels were raised during hyperglycaemic clamping and growth hormone slightly decreased. There was a close positive correlation between mean blood alanine and mean blood glucose (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01), and a negative correlation of alanine with the amount of insulin infused (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the raised alanine results from increased peripheral glucose utilisation. In general a short period of stable hyperglycaemia is not associated with a worsening of metabolic abnormalities in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. PMID- 7009293 TI - Effect of insulin on growth of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells. AB - The effect of insulin (10--10 000 mU/1) on the proliferation of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells was studied. Smooth muscle cells were cultivated by explanation. Cells from the third to the fifth subculture were used. Proliferation was studied by growth curve experiments. Insulin stimulated cell proliferation in all concentrations (p less than 0.001). Growth was however stimulated more by a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. The highest concentration of insulin produced only 35% of the effect of 10% fetal calf serum. Our results support the hypothesis that insulin may play a role in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7009294 TI - Mechanism of action of insulin and insulin analogues. A comparison of the hepatic and peripheral effects on glucose turnover of insulin, proinsulin and three insulin analogues modified at positions A1 and B29. AB - A [14C]-glucose tracer infusion method was used to compare the effects of insulin infusion on glucose metabolism with the effects of infusion of three semisynthetic modified insulins and of proinsulin. Insulin produced hypoglycaemia in the anaesthetised dog by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral glucose utilisation. Compensatory antihypoglycaemic mechanisms eventually modified these responses. A1, B29-Diacetyl insulin exerted an hypoglycaemic effect entirely by stimulation of peripheral glucose uptake. A1-B29 crosslinked insulins and proinsulin produced hypoglycaemia almost entirely by decreasing hepatic glucose production and had little effect on tissue uptake. These observations suggest that insulin analogues may have actions in vivo that are qualitatively different from those of native insulin and suggest that certain analogues have a predominant action on the liver. This has important therapeutic implications concerning the development of semisynthetic insulins for clinical use. PMID- 7009296 TI - [Tribute to Dr. Erich Fromm]. PMID- 7009297 TI - [Advances in endocrinology]. PMID- 7009295 TI - [Tiadenol treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia in maturity onset diabetes]. PMID- 7009300 TI - Effect of serum factors and cell washings on leukocyte adherence inhibition in breast cancer patients. AB - A total of 81 individuals, including 41 breast cancer patients, 20 patients with other types of malignant tumors, and 20 normal volunteers, were studied in order to evaluate whether leucocyte reactivity directed to soluble tumor-associated antigens could be increased by extensive cell washings and could be blocked by preincubation with autologous serum. When 41 leucocyte samples were pretreated with autologous serum, washed 3 or 6 times, mean percentage of leucocyte adherence inhibition difference between control extract and breast cancer extract were -2.4 +/- 2.0, 5.8 +/- 1.3, and 10.0 +/- 1.2, respectively. The results of cells preincubated with serum were significantly different from those of cells washed 3 times and 6 times (both P less than 0.001 by Student's t-test). The results of cells washed 3 times were significantly different from those of cells washed 6 times (P less than 0.05 by Student's t-test). Serum blocking factors correlated with tumor burden and clinical stage. However, leucocyte reactivity against breast cancer extract did not correlate with tumor burden or clinical stage in breast cancer patients. PMID- 7009299 TI - [Inborn errors of metabolism and their implications for medicine]. PMID- 7009298 TI - [The "clinical expedient" and its importance in medical care and education. I. The "clinical expedient" throughout history]. PMID- 7009301 TI - [Gastric lesions induced by anti-inflammatory drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009303 TI - [Immunological peculiarities of allografts of the liver]. PMID- 7009302 TI - [A multicenter controlled trial of a combination of kaolin, sterculia gum, meprobamate, and magnesium salts, in the irritable bowel syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009304 TI - [Genetic engineering and the hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 7009305 TI - [Diagnosis of Wilson's disease in 1981]. PMID- 7009306 TI - Proteolytic enzymes released by liver macrophages may promote hepatic injury in a rat model of hepatic damage. AB - Using macrophages isolated from the livers of normal rats and from rats injected intravenously with Corynebacterium parvum 6 days previously, N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) and plasminogen activator (PA) production have been measured during in vitro culture. There was a significant increase (p less than 0.02) in the supernatant activity of NAG by the C. parvum recruited macrophages 8.05 +/- 1.17 nmol product/mg protein/h as compared with normal, 3.86 +/- 0.77 nmol product/mg protein/h. There was a similar increase in cellular NAG content by recruited macrophages 412 +/- 66 nmol product/mg protein compared with 153 +/- 35 nmol product/mg protein (p less than 0.01) in normals. When macrophages of either group were exposed in vitro to endotoxin alone or a combination of endotoxin followed by latex particles, NAG values were similar to those obtained from nonexposed cells. In contrast, PA supernatant production increased significantly (p less than 0.02) on exposure to endotoxin with a corresponding reduction in cellular PA content, but the cellular PA content and supernatant release were similar for each group of cells. There was a fourfold increase in the number of macrophages isolated from the C. parvum-treated livers/g liver weight. Thus, the hepatocytes in this model of liver injury are potentially exposed to a 10-fold increase in the concentration of the acid hydrolase NAG; potentiation of cell damage by the administration of endotoxin may be mediated through the observed increase in production of secretory enzymes such as plasminogen activator. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that proteolytic products released by recruited and activated macrophages may result in hepatocyte damage. PMID- 7009308 TI - Lester Reynold Dragstedt--physiologist-surgeon. PMID- 7009307 TI - Candidiasis of the duodenum and jejunum. AB - Infection of the small bowel with Candida species has previously been noted to occur in as many as 20% of autopsy cases with histologically demonstrated gastrointestinal candidiasis. Antemortem diagnosis, however, has been difficult and not previously reported. A renal transplant recipient presented with esophageal, duodenal, and jejunal candidiasis, and the correct antemortem diagnosis of small bowel involvement was suggested by radiologic and endoscopic findings. Antifungal therapy resulted in complete resolution of these findings. PMID- 7009309 TI - Results of a 12-year randomized trial of portacaval shunt in patients with alcoholic liver disease and bleeding varices. AB - During a 7-yr period (1967-1974), 89 patients with alcoholic liver disease and at least one severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage thought to be from esophageal varices entered a randomized, controlled trial of medical therapy vs. end-to-side portacaval shunt. Follow-up continued to September, 1979, so that all surviving patients had at least 5 yr observation after randomization. Among 45 patients randomized to surgical therapy, 4 did not receive portacaval shunt, for various reasons. Among shunted patients there were 11 episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, none fatal and none thought to be from esophageal varices. Thirty-seven percent of eligible patients have had moderate or severe hepatic encephalopathy ascribed to the shunt. Of 44 patients randomized to medical therapy, 7 eventually received portacaval shunt after multiple bleeding episodes. Since randomization there have been 190 episodes of bleeding requiring 589 transfusions and resulting in 23 deaths from bleeding or hepatic failure precipitated by bleeding. THere are 12 survivors in the surgically treated group and 8 in the group treated medically. Life-table analysis shows a small increase in survival in the surgically treated group throughout the study, which is not statistically significant. From our data, we could not identify risk factors that would improve the selection of patients for medical or surgical therapy. PMID- 7009310 TI - Adenine arabinoside therapy in HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease: a controlled study. AB - A controlled trial has been undertaken to evaluate adenine arabinoside in the treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic liver disease. Thirteen patients (7 hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and hepatitis B e antigen-positive, 6 DNA polymerase negative and hepatitis B e antibody-positive) were treated with adenine arabinoside. Eleven comparable patients served as controls, and follow-up was for 6 mo. In the 7 hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients, adenine arabinoside produced a fall in DNA polymerase activity during treatment. When this effect was sustained, it was followed by a loss of e antigen (3 patients). Hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations and aspartate transaminase levels fell significantly at 6 mo (p less than 0.05) in the treated group compared with controls. In the hepatitis B e antibody-positive patients, adenine arabinoside treatment produced no significant change in hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations or aspartate transaminase levels at 6 mo as compared with controls. Adenine arabinoside would appear to reduce either transiently or permanently, hepatitis B virus replication, and it may therefore be useful in reducing the infectivity of some carriers of this virus. In the dose used, adenine arabinoside was ineffective in clearing hepatitis B surface antigen from the serum and eradicating hepatitis B virus from the liver, but combination with other antiviral or immunostimulant agents may enhance its therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 7009314 TI - Franz J. Ingelfinger: the man. PMID- 7009313 TI - Franz J. Ingelfinger: his accomplishments. PMID- 7009311 TI - Role of percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of varices in the management of hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices. AB - One hundred and forty-one attempts at percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration were made in 116 patients with portal hypertension complicated by variceal hemorrhage. Varices were successfully obliterated in 80% of procedures and included 37 patients with continuous, acute variceal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage ceased immediately in these patients. Sixty-five percent of patients rebled a mean of 4.6 mo after successful transhepatic variceal obliteration. A randomized controlled trial against conventional medical therapy (29 treatment, 25 control) failed to show a significant reduction in death rate after transhepatic sclerotherapy, although the onset of further variceal hemorrhage was delayed. Follow-up portography in 50 patients demonstrated new vessel formation in 38 patients and recanalization of previously occluded varices in 5 patients. Complications arose in 29 of 141 procedures. There was one death but all the other complications responded to conservative management. Transhepatic variceal obliteration is an excellent, safe emergency treatment for variceal hemorrhage, especially in patients with decompensated liver disease. A high incidence of rebleeding is a long-term disadvantage and means that transhepatic variceal obliteration should not be used for the prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage. Successful emergency treatment of variceal hemorrhage should be followed by elective portal decompression in suitable patients. PMID- 7009312 TI - Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in two patients: immunofluorescence studies of liver tissue. AB - Two patients, 1 with chronic active hepatitis, the other with Goodpasture's syndrome, became HBsAg-positive after the start of immunosuppressive drug therapy. At the same time of presentation, sera contained anti-HBc antibodies of IgM and IgG class in the absence of HBsAg or anti-HBs and immunofluorescent studies of liver biopsy specimens showed core antigen in the nuclei of liver cells. It is suggested that these findings reflected an unusual pattern of hepatitis B virus infection with a very low level of viral replication and that the appearance of HBsAg in both serum and liver cells after immunosuppressive drug therapy was due to reactivation of this infection, possibly as a result of changes in levels of antibodies which suppress viral replication. In 1 patients, the change in viral replication was associated with continuing liver cell necrosis and progressive deterioration in liver function. PMID- 7009315 TI - Esophageal abnormalities in chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans. AB - Disabling esophageal symptoms ((dysphagia, painful swallowing, and severe restrosternal pain) developed in 8 of 63 patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. At endoscopy 7 patients had characteristic desquamation of the upper esophagus; 2 of these also had distal esophagitis; and 3 had distinctive upper esophageal webs. No infectious pathogens were detected in esophageal biopsies or brushings. Abnormalities of esophageal motility were seen in 5 of 7 patients studied including 3 with aperistalsis. Retrosternal pain in 3 patients resulted from acid reflux. Esophageal histology from 5 autopsied patients showed no muscle or neuronal abnormalities by silver stain or conventional light microscopy. There was increased submucosal fibrosis associated with mucosal esophagitis and ulceration. Blind microscopic review of histology clearly distinguished the esophagus of chronic graft-versus-host disease from that of progressive systemic sclerosis. We conclude that esophageal epithelium, like skin and mucous membranes, is a target organ in chronic graft versus-host disease. This immunologic disease results in desquamative esophagitis with web formation. Peptic esophagitis, a cause of severe pain and perhaps distal esophageal strictures in these patients, may be related to poor acid clearing from the esophagus. Diagnostic endoscopy and disruption of webs should be performed carefully to avoid perforation. Treatment should be directed toward suppressing the underlying immunologic disorder and at preventing acid-peptic reflux. PMID- 7009316 TI - Isolation and characterization of pso mutants sensitive to photo-addition of psoralen derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have isolated mutants sensitive to photo-addition of bi-functional and mono functional derivatives of psoralen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three of these pso mutants were analyzed in detail. They segregate in meiosis like Mendelian genes and complement each other, as well as existing radiation-sensitive (rad and rev) mutants. The study of heterozygous diploid strains (PSO+/pso) indicates that the three pso genes are recessive. The mutant pso1--1 demonstrates a cross sensitivity to UV and gamma-rays, whereas mutants pso2--1 and pso3--1 are specifically sensitive to photo-addition of psoralen derivatives. The comparison of exponentially growing cells to stationary-phase cells demonstrates that for the three mutants the defect in repair capacity of DNA cross-links and monoadducts concerns G1 and early S-phase cells. The pso2--1 mutant is, however, also defective in G2 repair and loses diploid resistance when it is in the homozygous state.--The block in repair capacity in these novel mutants is discussed in relation to the three other repair pathways known to be involved in the repair of furocoumarins photo-induced lesions in yeast DNA. PMID- 7009317 TI - Functional equivalence and co-dominance of homothallic genes HM alpha/hm alpha and HMa/hma in Saccharomyces yeasts. AB - The specificity of mating type in Saccharomyces yeasts is controlled by a pair of alleles, a and alpha, on chromosome III. They are mutually interconverted by the function of three kinds of homothallic genes, each consisting of a single pair of alleles, HO/ho, HM alpha/hma alpha and HMa/hma. For the a to alpha conversion, HO HM alpha, HMa, HO hm alpha HMa and HO hma alpha hma genotypes are effective; whereas the alpha to a conversion occurs in HO HM alpha HMa, HO HM alpha hma and HO hm alpha hma cells. To explain these observations, NAUMOV and TOLSTORUKOV (1973) and HARASHIMA, NOGI and OSHIMA (1974) suggested that hma and HM alpha are functionally equivalent and effective for the alpha to a conversion in combination with HO; whereas, hm alpha and HMa are functionally equivalent and effective for the a to alpha conversion with the function of HO. To test this idea and to compare it with two other possible mechanisms, some of the tetrad segregants from four kinds of a/a/alpha/alpha tetraploids homozygous for the HO allele and for one of the HM alpha/hm alpha and HMa/hma loci, while heterozygous for the other one with +/+/-/- configuration, were investigated with respect to their thallism by self-sporulation. Results indicated the functional equivalence of both the HM alpha and hma alleles and the hm alpha and HMa alleles in mating type conversion, and the co-dominance of the alleles of each locus. From the findings and other data, we agree with the revision of the nomenclature of the HM alpha/hm alpha and HMa/hma genes to HMRa/HMR alpha and HML alpha/HMLa, respectively. PMID- 7009318 TI - Frameshift suppression Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Genetic properties of group II suppressors. AB - Suppressors of ICR-induced mutations that exhibit behavior similar to bacterial frameshift suppressors have been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast suppressors have been divided into two groups. One of these groups (Group II: SUF1, SUF3, SUF4, SUF5 and SUF6) appears to include a set of informational suppressors in which the vehicle of suppression is glycyl-tRNA. Some of the genetic properties of Group II suppressors are described in this communication.--Corevertants of the Group II frameshift mutations his4-519 and leu2-3 have been characterized to determine the spectrum of reversion events induced by the frameshift mutagen ICR-170. Seventy-three ICR-induced corevertants were analyzed. With the exception of one cerevertant, which carried an allele of SUF1, all carried alleles of SUF3 or SUF5. SUF1, SUF3, SUF4 and SUF6 were represented among spontaneous and UV-induced corevertants. In the course of these experiments one of the suppressors was mapped. SUF5, the probable structural gene for tRNAGLY1, is located between ade2 and ade9 on chromosome XV.--SUF1, SUF4 and SUF6 have novel properties and comprise a distinct subset of suppressors. Although these suppressors show no genetic linkage to each other, they share several common features including lethality in haploid pairwise combinations, reduced tRNAGLY3 isoacceptor activity and increased efficiency of suppression in strains carrying the cytoplasmically inherited [PSI] element. In addition, strains carrying SUF1, SUF4 or SUF6 are phenotypically unstable and give rise to mitotic Suf+ segments at high frequency. These segregants invariably contain a linked, second-site mutation that maps in or adjacent to the suppressor gene itself. Strains carrying any of these suppressors also give rise to mitotic segregants that exhibit enhanced efficiency of suppression; mutations responsible for this phenotype map at two loci, upf1 and upf2. These genes show no genetic linkage to any of the group II suppressors.--Methods that permit positive selection have been devised in order to examine large numbers of variants. The importance of these interacting mutants is underscored by their potential utility in studying suppressor function at the molecular level. PMID- 7009319 TI - Frameshift suppression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. III. Isolation and genetic properties of group III suppressors. AB - Suppressors of ICR-induced mutations that exhibit behavior similar to bacterial frameshift suppressors have been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast suppressors have been divided into two groups. Previous evidence indicated that suppressors of one group (Group II: SUF1, SUF3, SUF4, SUF5 and SUF6) represent mutations in the structural genes for glycyl-tRNA's. Suppressors of the other group (Group III: SUF2 and SUF7) were less well characterized. Although they suppressed some ICR-revertible mutations, they failed to suppress Group II frameshift mutations. This communication provides a more thorough characterization of the Group III suppressors and describes the isolation and properties of four new suppressors in that group (SUF8, SUF9, SUF10 and suf11).--In our original study, Group III suppressors were isolated as revertants of the Group III mutations his4-712 and his4-713. All suppressors obtained as ICR-induced revertants of these mutations mapped at the SUF2 locus near the centromere of chromosome III. Suppressors mapping at other loci were obtained in this study by analyzing spontaneous and UV-induced revertants of the Group III mutations. SUF2 and SUF10 suppress both Group III his4 mutations, whereas SUF7, SUF8, SUF9 and suf11 suppress his4-713, but not his4-712. All of the suppressors except suf11 are dominant in diploids homozygous for his4-713. The suppressors fail to suppress representative UAA, UAG and UGA nonsense mutations.--SUF9 is linked to the centromere of chromosome VI, and SUF10 is linked to the centromere of chromosome XIV. A triploid mapping procedure was used to determine the chromosome locations of SUF7 and SUF8. Subsequent standard crosses revealed linkage of SUF7 to cdc5 on chromosome Xiii and linkage of SUF8 to cdc12 and pet3 on chromosome VIII. PMID- 7009320 TI - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: nuclear suppression of a cytochrome b mutation in yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - In a previous study, a mitochondrial mutant expressing a specific enzymatic deficiency in co-enzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase was described (TZAGO-LOFF, FOURY and AKAI 1976). Analysis of the mitochondrially translated proteins revealed the absence in the mutant of the mitochondrial product corresponding to cytochrome b and the presence of a new low molecular weight product. The premature chain-termination mutant was used to obtain suppressor mutants with wild-type properties. One such revertant strain was analyzed genetically and biochemically. The revertant was determined to have a second mutation in a nuclear gene that is capable of partially suppressing the original mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation. Genetic data indicate that the nuclear mutation is recessive and is probably in a gene coding for a protein involved in the mitochondrial translation machinery. PMID- 7009324 TI - Thymineless elimination of N group plasmids is Res-(RII)-dependent and determined by a different gene than the Uvp plasmid phenotype. PMID- 7009321 TI - Mapping of the proteinase b structural gene PRB1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of nonsense alleles within the locus. AB - We report the mapping of the structural gene for proteinase B, PRB1. It is located 1.1 cM proximal to CAN1 on the left arm of chromosome V of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified 34 amber and 12 ochre mutations among the 126 prb1 mutations in our collection. PMID- 7009323 TI - A new map location for the ilvB locus of Escherichia coli. AB - We isolated, in E. coli K12, new alleles of the ilvB locus, the structural gene for acetolactate synthase isoenzyme I, and showed them to map at or near the ilvB619 site. The map position of the ilvB locus was redetermined because plasmids containing the ilvC-cya portion of the chromosome did not complement mutations at the ilvB locus. Furthermore, diploids for the ilvEDAC genes formed with these plasmids in an ilvHI background facilitated the isolation of the new ilvB alleles. The ilvB locus was remapped and found to be located at 81.5 minutes, between the uhp and dnaA loci. This location was determined by two- and three-point transductional crosses, deletion mapping and complementation with newly isolated plasmids. One of the new alleles of the ilvB gene is a mu-1 insertion. When present in the donor strain, this allele interferes with the linkage of genes flanking the mu-1 insertion, as well as the linkage of genes to either side of the mu-1 insertion. PMID- 7009325 TI - Meso-tartrate resistance and phylogenetic relationships of biotypes of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7009322 TI - Intracellular population genetics: evidence for random drift of mitochondrial allele frequencies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - We report evidence for random drift of mitochondrial allele frequencies in zygote clones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Monofactorial and bifactorial crosses were done, using strains resistant or sensitive to erythromycin (alleles Er, Es), oligomycin (Or, Os), or diuron (Dr, Ds). The frequencies of resistant and sensitive cells (and thus the frequencies of the resistant and sensitive alleles) were determined for each of a number of clones of diploid cells arising from individual zygotes. Allele frequencies were extremely variable among these zygote clones; some clones were "uniparental," with mitochondrial alleles from only one parent present. These observations suggest random drift of the allele frequencies in the population of mitochondrial genes within an individual zygote and its diploid progeny. Drift would cease when all the cells in a clone become homoplasmic, due to segregation of the mitochondrial genomes during vegetative cell divisions. To test this, we delayed cell division (and hence segregation) for varying times by starving zygotes in order to give drift more time to operate. As predicted, delaying cell division resulted in an increase in the variance of allele frequencies among the zygote clones and an increase in the proportion of uniparental zygote clones. The changes in form of the allele frequency distributions resembled those seen during random drift in finite Mendelian populations. In bifactorial crosses, genotypes as well as individual alleles were fixed or lost in some zygote clones. However, the mean recombination frequency for a large number of clones did not increase when cell division was delayed. Several possible molecular mechanisms for intracellular random drift are discussed. PMID- 7009326 TI - The genetic component in coronary heart disease--a review. PMID- 7009327 TI - [V. I. Lenin on the social aspects of national nutrition]. PMID- 7009328 TI - [Hygienic aspects of laser safety]. PMID- 7009330 TI - [35 years of the obstetrical services in the Lublin district]. PMID- 7009329 TI - [Asbestosis and its prevention]. PMID- 7009331 TI - Cross-bite correction with bonded buttons. PMID- 7009332 TI - [Characteristics of the graft's functional potentials in the early postoperative period after the orthotopic transplantation and grafting of a 2d heart into the chest cavity]. PMID- 7009333 TI - [Arterialization of the coronary veins as a method of myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 7009335 TI - Sensation in cross-finger flaps. AB - Cross-finger flaps in fifty-one patients were examined one to six years postoperatively, with particular reference to two-point discrimination. Patients less than twenty years old have the best chance of achieving good sensation. Two point discrimination seems to reach its maximum within one year after the operation. PMID- 7009334 TI - [Suturing of a traumatic defect in the interventricular septum with an overdriving type of electrical heart stimulation]. PMID- 7009336 TI - An innervated flap, incorporating supraclavicular nerves, for reconstruction of major hand injuries. AB - In the treatment of severely degloved hands, an innervated flap provides the best reconstruction in cases where revascularisation is impossible. An innervated flap using the cutaneous territory of the supraclavicular nerves in presented and an illustrative case presented. The anatomy is described and the flap compared with other distant flaps. The principal advantages of this flap are the large amount of available skin and the presence of three or more suitable donor nerves. PMID- 7009337 TI - [Direct suture and partial splenectomy for splenic rupture in children]. PMID- 7009338 TI - [An open noncomparative multicenter trial of diclofenac in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7009340 TI - [Hebrew medical amulets]. PMID- 7009339 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in lymphocytic infiltration of the skin]. PMID- 7009342 TI - [A twelfth century hospital in Jerusalem]. PMID- 7009341 TI - [Joseph Goldberger's contributions to pellagra research]. PMID- 7009343 TI - [Plasma insulin, age and glucose tolerance]. PMID- 7009344 TI - [Using the isolated atrial preparation of the guinea-pig and the canine heart lung preparation (HLP) supported by a donor, the effects of guanfacine on the heart, coronary circulation and myocardial energy metabolism were studied and compared with those of clonidine (author's transl)]. AB - In the isolated left atria of the guinea-pig, guanfacine and clonidine (10(-8)--3 x 10(-5) g/ml) produced positive inotropic effects, which were inhibited by tripelennamine, metiamide and propranolol. Up to the concentration of 10(-6) g/ml of these compounds the effects were also inhibited by phentolamine. In the isolated right atria, guanfacine in concentrations over 3 x 10(-6) g/ml, produced a negative, and clonidine, a positive chronotropic effect. Whereas the effect of clonidine was antagonized by metiamide, the effect of guanfacine was not antagonized by any blocking agents we used. In spontaneously beating right atria, the positive inotropic effects induced by guanfacine (10(-8)--10(-5) g/ml) were inhibited by propranolol or tripelennamine, while those of clonidine (10(-8)--10( 4) g/ml) were antagonized by metiamide. In canine HLP, both drugs produced a decrease in the coronary flow which was associated with a slight rise in the right atrial pressure. These effects were inhibited by phentolamine. Both drugs produced a slight decrease in the myocardial O2 consumption and an improvement of the myocardial redox potential. PMID- 7009345 TI - [Pharmacological properties of trapidil: comparison with other coronary vasodilators (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of trapidil and other coronary vasodilators on retrograde blood flow in acute coronary-ligated dogs, isolated large and small coronary arteries of pig, platelet aggregation, biosynthesis of prostacyclin in isolated aortic rings and hyperlipemia in quails were investigated. Trapidil showed an increase in retrograde blood flow while dipyridamole, nifedipine, diltiazem and dilazep did not. Trapidil and nitroglycerin relaxed large coronary arteries, while dipyridamole, diltiazem, dilazep and adenosine relaxed small arteries. Trapidil, dipyridamole, diltiazem and aspirin protected against the secondary phase of ADP induced platelet aggregation in guinea-pig platelet rich plasma more effectively than did nifedipine and dilazep. Trapidil and aspirin protected only against rabbit platelet aggregation as induced by arachidonic acid. Moreover, only trapidil protected against platelet aggregation as induced by prostaglandin G2 thromboxane A2 mixture. Trapidil and dipyridamole enhanced the platelet aggregation protection of prostacyclin. Trapidil also facilitated biosynthesis of prostacyclin more markedly than did the other drugs. Trapidil increased serum content of HDL cholesterol and significantly lowered serum content of triglyceride and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol in hyperlipemic quails. Dipyridamole, diltiazem, nifedipine and dilazep, however, showed little effect. PMID- 7009346 TI - Mutagenicity of peanut oils and effect of repeated cooking. PMID- 7009347 TI - Mutagenicity of p-nitrosophenol. PMID- 7009348 TI - Mutagenic activity of pyrazine derivatives: a comparative study with Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7009350 TI - Hyperplasia of islets of Langerhans and low serum insulin in cot deaths. AB - Of the fifty-seven cases of cot death studied two-thirds were younger than 3 months, which is also the peak age of infantile hypoglycaemia. Findings from routine necropsy and histology were scarce; in eleven cases they could be regarded as potentially fatal. About half of the infants had had a mild virus type infection approximately one week before death. Special attention was paid to endocrine pancreas. Insulitis or lymphocytes in the septa were discovered in twelve cases. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans was a common observation; the hyperplasia being either nesidioblastosis-like with clusters of islets around ducti, or diffuse. The average proportion of islet tissue in the whole pancreas parenchyma was around 5% in infants aged 1--6 months, the percentage being significantly greater than in age-matched controls (4.3%). The pancreatic insulin content was also higher in the cot death cases. Serum insulin values were low (mean 4.8 +/- 1.2 microU/ml) in cot deaths; in the controls they were twice as high (mean 11.6 +/- 1.6 microU/ml) (p less than 0.005). The cause of death in this group of cot deaths could thus be (congenital?) hyperplasia of the islets, possibly combined with a lesion in the B-cells caused by a virus. The mechanism of death would be hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7009351 TI - A case of sudden cardiac death in connection with Salmonella typhimurium infection. AB - A case of fatal myocarditis in a 24-year-old otherwise healthy man is described. It was possible to cultivate Salmonella typhimurium from the alimentary tract, the blood, the liver and skeletal muscles. The possibility of a solitary myocarditis with fatal outcome due to Salmonella typhimurium infection is discussed. Such a case seems not to have been mentioned previously in the literature. The problems concerning the statistical registration of such a death are briefly discussed. PMID- 7009352 TI - [Comparative studies about food selection of chamois and reddeer with special regard to the rumen microbes and the fermentation in the reticulorumen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009349 TI - Mutagenicity testing of coffee: a study of problems encountered with the Ames Salmonella test system. PMID- 7009353 TI - [A new model of multiple sclerosis. Experimental vaccinia infection in the monkey]. AB - Experimental vaccinia infection in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent Rhesus monkeys has been studied for two years. The results show that vaccinia virus induces two forms of infection in the central nervous system, i.e. choriomeningitis and demyelination disease. The first form occurs in immunologically competent animals; the latter can develop in animals with defective immune response associated with an incomplete clearance of virus. These animals exhibit a noncytocidal persistent infection of glial cells, inducing a complex of potentially pathogenic immune mechanisms. Their direct, or by mediators mediated action is capable of damaging myelin sheaths. PMID- 7009355 TI - Bacterial overgrowth in ileal reservoirs (Koch pouch): extended functional studies. AB - An absorptive, hormonal, bacteriological and morphological study was performed in 9 proctocolectomized patients with continent ileal reservoirs established for 2 57 months. Vitamin B 12 malassimilation (as assessed by the Schilling test and serum vitamin B 12 concentration), bile salt deconjugation (modified 14C glycocholate breath test), increased stool fat excretion and high intestinal sodium loss with secondary hyperreninism/hyperaldosteronism were encountered in a large percentage of patients; proximal small intestinal absorption (serum parameters, xylose test) appeared intact. In reservoir stool samples total and differential bacterial cell counts yielded values close to a normal rectum flora. Morphologically (endoscopy, quantitative histology) the reservoir mucosa showed moderate to severe inflammation; structural changes were essentially absent and inflammation in the adjoining ileum was minimal. These results indicate that reservoir bacteria frequently produce disturbances in small intestinal function and that these may be found without secondary structural transformation of the mucosa. PMID- 7009356 TI - Dihydroergotamine--stimulation of intestinal peristalsis. An experimental and clinical study. AB - In an experimental study in 15 beagle hounds using strain gauges a significantly increased motility in the small and large intestine after dihydroergotamine was observed. Since this assessment did not provide any information about mucus transport, gastro-intestinal passage time in patient and control groups was determined using radioopaque catheter material. While transit time in the patient group was significantly reduced by 2 x 0.5 mg DHE s.c./day, this effect was not observed in controls. We related the significantly reduced passage time after DHE in the patient group to a normalisation of a functional disturbance of regulation. The action of the drug is seen in the blocking of the stress induced increased sympathetic tone, without the side effects often seen after pure alpha antagonists of the phentolamine type or the adrenergic guanethidine type neuronal blocking agents. The specific efficacy of DHE as a partial alpha-antagonist is pointed out. For the clinician, postoperative gastro-intestinal atony might be an indication for its use. PMID- 7009354 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Clinical and pathological correlation]. PMID- 7009357 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the control of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7009358 TI - The state of the art of biomedical engineering in the operative-endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bleedings. PMID- 7009362 TI - Fatal Shigella dysentery complicated by toxic megacolon and bone marrow aplasia in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in remission. AB - A patient with Philadelphia positive chronic granulocytic leukemia in clinical remission is described, who developed Shigella dysentery complicated by fatal toxic megacolon, pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between active ulcerative colitis and Shigella dysentery and problems relating to the management of these two disorders are discussed. Leukocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia and its role in infection in these patients is also briefly reviewed. The rare association of bone marrow aplasia and Shigellosis is stressed. PMID- 7009359 TI - Lactulose--a drug with antiendotoxin effect. AB - Lactulose (beta-galactosido-fructose) was found to have anti-endotoxin properties: 670 mg lactulose abolished the gelating activity of mg E. coli endotoxin on Limulus lysate in vitro. When lactulose was fed to rats (6.3 +/- 1.1 g/kg/day) over a period of 4 or 8 days before i.v. administration of 0.5 g/kg galactosamine, the liver damage that normally develops was prevented. Since galactosamine-induced necrosis of hepatocytes and inflammatory reaction of the liver are mediated by systemic endotoxemia of intestinal origin, an anti endotoxin effect of lactulose was demonstrated in vivo. We suggest that lactulose might offer a therapeutic basis in clinical situations in which endotoxemia is of pathogenetic significance, such as certain gastrointestinal and liver diseases, shock states and gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 7009360 TI - Maintenance treatment of recurrent duodenal ulceration with pirenzepine. AB - Twenty-eight patients with healed duodenal ulcer completed a 12-month double blind trial to compare the effects of pirenzepine (25 mg twice daily) and placebo on the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse. Seven of those on pirenzepine had endoscopically proven recurrent ulcer within a mean of 5 months, while 9 of those on placebo had one after a mean of 5.7 months (n.s.). No untoward effects which could be attributed to the drug were observed during the whole period of treatment. PMID- 7009361 TI - Cytostatics in the treatment of chronic and acute pancreatitis. AB - In two patients intraoperative examination ruled out the suspected diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and demonstrated chronic pancreatitis. The patients were subjected then to cyclic treatment with cytostatic agents. In view of satisfactory results of this treatment a trial of similar treatment was undertaken in another 4 patients with chronic pancreatitis diagnosed by exploratory laparatomy with histological examination of pancreatic biopsy specimens in cases associated with severe abdominal pains. The results were assessed subjectively and objectively. Trials of treatment of acute pancreatitis with 5-fluorouracil were undertaken also in two cases with good result. PMID- 7009365 TI - Free cortisol in human plasma. PMID- 7009364 TI - [Study of immunosuppressive effect of measles virus. In vitro effect of the leukocyte migration inhibition test (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of the influence of the measles virus, further-attenuated measles virus, autoclaved measles virus, mumps virus and polio virus were investigated on the direct leukocyte migration inhibition test by agarose-droplet method using purified protein derivative as the antigen. It was found that the measles virus either inhibited the production of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor or inhibited the effect thereof. From this discovery, the mechanism of the suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity by measles virus was discussed. PMID- 7009363 TI - Plasma insulin; insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in children with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. AB - An intravenous glucose tolerance test was carried out in 20 children with advanced bilharzial hepatic fibrosis (B.H.F.) and in 10 healthy controls of the same age. Impaired glucose tolerance was demonstrated in bilharzial patients by the presence of a low glucose disappearance rate. There was no difference between the fasting blood sugar and plasma free fatty acid (F.F.A.) levels in bilharzial and healthy children. The plasma insulin levels of bilharzial patients in the fasting state and 60 minutes after glucose infusion were higher than in healthy children. The calculated insulin/glucose ratio after glucose infusion was similar in bilharzial and healthy children. These observations suggest delayed hepatic degradation of insulin and the presence of insulin resistance in children with B.H.F. They are also suggestive of the presence of decreased islet cell reserve in these patients. PMID- 7009366 TI - Plasma insulin response to glucose infusion in obese non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. AB - The glucose infusion test (GIT) was performed in 10 controls, 30 obese non diabetic subjects and 10 obese insulin-nondependent diabetics. After a priming glucose injection of 500 mg/kg, glucose was infused during one hour at a rate of 20 mg/kg/min. In healthy persons there was a biphasic plasma insulin curve with the first peak 3 min. after the start of glucose injection and a second one at 60 min. In 20 obese subjects with normal OGTT, both the initial and the later plasma insulin responses to glucose infusion were higher than in controls. In 10 obese subjects with mild glucose intolerance the average initial plasma resembled that of obese subjects with a normal OGTT. In overt mild diabetes the insulin levels during the initial phase of the GIT were diminished, but a somewhat higher, though markedly delayed, rise of insulin levels could be shown during the second hour. When calculated as sums of plasma insulin increments at 3 + 5 min., one low response in 10 controls, no low response in 20 obese subjects with a normal OGTT, but 5 low responses in 10 obese subjects with a border-line OGTT and 9 low or very low responses in 10 obese diabetics were observed. PMID- 7009367 TI - Oral induction of the insulin hyper-responsiveness in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Bilateral electrolytic or sham-lesions of the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (VMH) were performed on fasting (prior to and after the lesion) ether anesthetized rats. Post-operatively (2 hours), sham-operated rats were either offered an oral glucose solution or were submitted to an intravenous glucose injection or were left undisturbed; lesioned rats were offered an oral glucose load or were submitted to an intravenous glucose injection. Three hours later, the insulin response to an intravenous glucose load was tested in all rats. No significant difference could be detected between the results obtained in the three subgroups of sham-operated rats. By contrast, the VMH lesioned rats exhibited a differential response according to the post-lesion treatment. In lesioned rats, given an intravenous glucose injection in the immediate post lesion period, the tested insulin response was not significantly different from the response of the controls. When lesioned animals were allowed to taste and ingest as little at 0.5 g glucose, the tested insulin response was greatly enhanced. It is concluded that an oral intake is a prerequisite to the induction of the insulin hyper-responsiveness characteristic of fed VMH lesioned rats and that a 0.5 glucose oral intake is sufficient. PMID- 7009368 TI - Hepatic production of VLDL-triglycerides. Dependence of portal substrate and insulin concentration. AB - Insulin has an exacerbating effect on endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Experiments were carried out in order to study the acute effects of insulin in 6 patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and 6 controls. 0.1 Unit insulin/kg body weight was injected into the portal vein. Blood samples were taken from the portal and hepatic veins and analysed for FFA, glycerol, VLDL-triglycerides (VLDL TG) and insulin. Liver blood flow was measured with cardiogreen. This technique allowed a study of the acute effect of insulin on the hepatic extraction of substrates and on the hepatic production of VLDL-TG. Under basal conditions the production of VLDL-TG in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia was not statistically different from the production in controls. The results did not provide statistical proof of a correlation between the production and the hepatic uptake of VLDL-TG precursors; however, the production was negatively correlated to the hepatic clearance rate of insulin. During a one-hour observation period after the application of insulin, the production of VLDL-TG was decreased in controls and increased in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. The application of insulin was also followed by a decreased uptake of free fatty acids and glycerol, this change being similar in controls and in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. There was no correlation between the effect of insulin on the production of VLDL-TG and on the uptake of substrates by the liver. It is concluded that insulin has a direct effect on the production of VLDL TG which is independent of substrate supply. The adverse effect of insulin in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia may reflect some type of impaired hepatic responsiveness to insulin. PMID- 7009369 TI - Glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) response to arginine (ARG) in the rat pancreas in vitro: effect of histamine (HA) and serotonin (5HT). PMID- 7009370 TI - Effect of cyclamate sodium, saccharin sodium and stevioside on arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. PMID- 7009371 TI - Past year saw large increase in number of hospital programs. PMID- 7009372 TI - Types and uses of hospital information systems expand. AB - Computerized hospital information systems are expanding to use new technological developments and to perform new applications, but planning, management, and costs of these systems continue to be major concerns. PMID- 7009373 TI - Nurse unionization is dominant theme. PMID- 7009374 TI - Hospitals diversify to thrive in a competitive environment. AB - The ways that hospitals used marketing to compete in a competitive environment are presented, including a teenage alcoholism unit, a dental program for the handicapped, and a steady growth in health fitness programs for industry. PMID- 7009375 TI - Change challenges traditional hospital/medical staff relationship. AB - 1980 brought medical staffs and hospitals into a dialog on a variety of legal, regulatory, and administrative issues. This article examines how these issues have affected the traditional hospital/medical staff relationship. PMID- 7009377 TI - Nurse administrator's role grows as staff problems continue. PMID- 7009376 TI - Multi-institutional arrangements: systems diversify with ventures outside the hospital. PMID- 7009378 TI - The struggle over health care controls continues. AB - Although the struggle between advocates of competitive or regulatory controls for the health care market is abstract and ideological, when it comes to specific markets, it is very concrete and pragmatic. Some detailed implications of market strategy control for individual hospital managers are presented. PMID- 7009379 TI - Full coverage of issues reflects importance of risk management. PMID- 7009380 TI - Technology: focus on management grows in face of high costs. AB - High costs and an increasing concern about the appropriate use of medical care technology have prompted users, producers, and the government to place a greater emphasis on the need for better evaluation and management of technology developments. PMID- 7009381 TI - No clear direction for financial management and survival. AB - The 1980 literature on hospital financial management covered wide-ranging territory, from DRGs and reimbursement to capital management and competition. However, strategies for future survival remained unclear. PMID- 7009382 TI - Expanding, more demanding role forecast for future trustees. PMID- 7009383 TI - Reaping the whirlwind. PMID- 7009385 TI - Diagnosis of viral diseases -- today and tomorrow. AB - Although there is more basic knowledge about viruses than about any other living unit, clinical application of the knowledge has not kept pace. Methods of diagnosis have proliferated, but the question remains: which of the 500 viruses now known to humans is most likely to be causing your patient's symptom? The patient's age and immunologic status and the season of the year all may be indicative factors. PMID- 7009384 TI - Smoking during pregnancy: a review of effects on growth and development of offspring. PMID- 7009386 TI - Arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus of plants. AB - Chromosomal arrangement in the interphase nucleus has two main aspects: (1) arrangement of chromosomes with respect to nuclear polarity and to other nuclear components, and (2) arrangement of chromosomes with respect to one another. The latter aspect consists of two main types of spatial relationships; (1) relationships between different members of one chromosomal set, (b) relationships between different chromosomal sets. Data concerning various aspects of chromosomal arrangement in the interphase nucleus are presented and discussed and the genetic control as well as subcellular mechanisms which are involved in nuclear organization, are elucidated. Evidence is presented indicating that, in common wheat, the gene system that determines the specific pattern of chromosomal arrangement in the nucleus is operating via the microtubular elements of the spindle system. The significance of ordered arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus for the regularity of genetic activity and chromosomal behavior, is pointed out. PMID- 7009388 TI - Nafenopin. PMID- 7009389 TI - Phenacetin. PMID- 7009390 TI - Phenazopyridine and phenazopyridine hydrochloride. PMID- 7009392 TI - Phenoxybenzamine and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. PMID- 7009393 TI - Proflavine, proflavine dihydrochloride, proflavine hemisulphate and proflavine monohydrochloride. PMID- 7009394 TI - Reserpine. PMID- 7009387 TI - Methods for analysis of the mutagenicity of indirect mutagens/carcinogens in eukaryotic cells. AB - The review discusses the variety of methods for activation of indirect mutagens/carcinogens and testing them in cell cultures, especially in mammalian cell cultures. After the necessity for including metabolizing components in mutagenicity tests has been pointed out, the enzymes that transform foreign compounds metabolically, and the factors influencing them, are described. In the main section the various methods of activating indirect mutagens/carcinogens are presented. The methods of including in vivo metabolism in mutagenicity tests are: Analysis of cells from organisms contaminated with a chemical (III.l.a); body fluid-mediated mutagenesis (III.l.b); host-mediated assay (III.l.c). The following activation systems are suitable for including in vitro metabolism of test compounds in mutagenicity tests: Liver and lung perfusion (III.2.a.alpha); organ slices and homogenates (III.2.a.beta); subcellular fractions (III.2.a.gamma); cultivated cells (cell-mediated mutagenesis) (III.2.b); nonenzymatic activation systems (III.2.c). Finally the main factors that influence the metabolism of test substances are summarized. Two factors illustrate the mutagenicity tests with regard to the metabolism of mammalian livers and the methods of performing mutagenicity tests in man. PMID- 7009391 TI - Phenelzine and phenelzine sulphate. PMID- 7009395 TI - Rifampicin. PMID- 7009396 TI - Spironolactone. PMID- 7009397 TI - Sulfafurazole (sulphisoxazole). PMID- 7009399 TI - General considerations N--nitrosatable drugs. PMID- 7009400 TI - Clofibrate. PMID- 7009398 TI - Sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7009401 TI - Dapsone. PMID- 7009402 TI - Dihydroxymethylfuratrizine. PMID- 7009403 TI - Hydralazine and hydralazine hydrochloride. PMID- 7009404 TI - The maintenance and regulation of the humoral immune response: persisting antigen and the role of follicular antigen-binding dendritic cells as accessory cells. PMID- 7009405 TI - Langerhans cells: role in contact hypersensitivity and relationship to lymphoid dendritic cells and to macrophages. PMID- 7009406 TI - The follicular dendritic cell: its role in antigen presentation in the generation of immunological memory. PMID- 7009407 TI - Strategies for the analysis of accessory-cell function: the in vitro cloning and characterization of the P cell. PMID- 7009408 TI - Induction, maintenance and regulation of antibody responses due to persistent antigen and accessory cells. PMID- 7009409 TI - HLA-A, B, C, DR, Bf, and C2 alleles in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 7009410 TI - Association of Bf F1 and Haplotype HLA-B18, Bf F1 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7009412 TI - A haemolytically non-active C4 gene product. PMID- 7009411 TI - Change in serum properdin factor B phenotype following human orthoptic liver transplantation. PMID- 7009413 TI - Use of a monoclonal antibody specifically non-reactive with T cells to delineate lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Rat monoclonal antibody M1/69.16 reacts with a heat stable antigen of mouse commonly expressed in the majority of cell types in blood, spleen, bone marrow and thymus, including cells of erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid series. However, subpopulations of cells in lymphoid tissues can be identified which are non reactive with this antibody using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. All surface Ig positive cells seem to react with M1/69.16 while more than 96% of Ig negative cells in spleen and lymph nodes are M1/69.16 negative. Most cells (80% 90%) in the M1/69.16 negative populations in spleen lymph nodes and bone marrow express Thy-l. Thus, peripheral T cells are specifically non-reactive with this antibody. In contrast, approximately 95% of thymocytes react with M1/69.16, leaving a minor population which is negative. The negative population (5%) is enriched in cells expressing high amounts of H-2 antigen and those bearing H9/25 antigen which is specific for lymphocyte subsets, indicating that M1/69.16 negative thymocytes represent a specific subpopulation, possibly "mature' thymocytes. PMID- 7009414 TI - Frequencies of background cytoplasmic Ig-containing cells in various lymphoid organs of athymic asplenic (lasat), athymic, asplenic and normal BALB/c mice. PMID- 7009415 TI - Effect of centpiperalone in insulin deficient diabetes. PMID- 7009416 TI - Immunogenetic control of the response of female mice to male tissue grafts. PMID- 7009417 TI - Thy-2: a murine thymocyte-brain alloantigen controlled by a gene linked to the major histocompatibility complex. AB - We describe a new murine cell-surface alloantigen, provisionally designated Thy 2, which is expressed primarily on thymocytes and brain tissue. Although Thy-2 is also expressed at lower levels on bone-marrow and spleen cells, this antigen does not appear to be present on lymph-node, liver, or red blood cells. Immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled thymocyte extracts from a variety of inbred strains reveals this antigen to be a single polypeptide of 150000 daltons. Quantitative membrane immunofluorescence demonstrates that Thy-2 is a minor cell surface component which is present on the majority of thymocytes. Mice heterozygous at the Thy-2 locus express approximately 50 percent as much antigen as positive homozygotes. Expression of the Thy-2 alloantigen is controlled by a single semidominant gene located approximately 3 cM to the right of the H-2K locus on chromosome 17. PMID- 7009420 TI - Occurrence of Kanagawa positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains around Mangalore (south India). PMID- 7009419 TI - Changes in Ia-like antigen expression on malignant human cells. PMID- 7009422 TI - Selection of a sulphanilamide resistant strain of Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 7009421 TI - Numerical code system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and other groups not fermenting lactose. PMID- 7009418 TI - BF types and the mode of inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been found to be highly associated with a rare allele of the complement protein, properdin factor B (BF). Assuming that there is a susceptibility gene for IDDM tightly linked to the genetic locus for BF and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the distribution of BF types in more than 1100 North American IDDM patients strongly argues for the rejection of dominant, epistatic, and overdominant modes of inheritance. Other evidence suggesting complex modes of inheritance for IDDM is reviewed and it is concluded that our observations and published data are consistent with the idea of susceptibility to IDDM being inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait. C4 and C2 types, also linked to BF and the MHC, were investigated too. C4 Fs0 was found to be increased in association with BF F1, while C4 f0S and C2 b were each found to occur twice as frequently as in a control population and will be of value in defining haplotypes associated with susceptibility to IDDM. PMID- 7009425 TI - Dynamic responses of active and inactive renin in patients with essential and renovascular hypertension. AB - We studied the dynamic responses of inactive renin and the form of renin released by the kidney in the hypertensive patients. Significant increase of active renin concentration (p less than 0.01) and decrease of the percentage of inactive renin concentration (p less than 0.01) after sodium depletion was observed in 15 essential hypertensive subjects with normal plasma renin activity. In eight of 15 patients, significant increase of inactive renin concentration (p less than 0.01) was observed after sodium depletion. In the remaining seven patients, no significant change of inactive renin concentration was demonstrated. A small increase of active and inactive renin concentration was observed following sodium depletion in six essential hypertensive subjects with low plasma renin activity (PRA). In the unilateral renal hypertension after upright tilting, active renin concentration in the renal vein of the affected kidney was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher than that in the renal vein of the non-affected kidney and the inferior vena cava. Inactive renin concentration in the renal vein of the affected kidney was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower than that in the renal vein of the nonaffected kidney and the inferior vena cava. In four of five cases, the inactive renin concentration in the femoral artery was less than that in the inferior vena cava. Therefore, we might conclude that only active renin was released from the affected kidney, and active renin became inactive by unknown mechanisms; the ischemic kidney might also activate inactive renin. PMID- 7009424 TI - Influence of hospitalization and placebo therapy on blood pressure and sympathetic function in essential hypertension. AB - The decline in blood pressure (BP) in essential hypertensives following hospitalization may result from: 1) regression toward the mean; 2) reduction of anxiety as patients habituate to a new environment; 3) the placebo effect of medication; and 4) an independent effect of hospitalization itself. A randomized crossover study of 12 essential hypertensives demonstrated a fall in supine blood pressure from 165.0/97.9 +/- 2.3/1.1 mm Hg to 154.3/89.6 +/- 2.7/1.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) due to hospitalization. A similar reduction in BP from 164.9/99.5 +/- 8.4/4.1 mm Hg to 151.9/93.4 +/- 4.5/1.9 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) resulted from regression toward the mean and habituation during the study period. Urinary catecholamines fell from 68.7 +/- 5.0 to 55.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/g creatinine/24 hours (p less than 0.05) due to hospitalization and from 56.1 +/- 5.4 to 49.7 +/- 4.3 micrograms/g creatinine/24 hours (p less than 0.05) with time. Although placebo therapy tended to reduce BP, it failed to do so significantly. When expressed as a percentage of the individual's overall mean, urinary catecholamine excretion fell from 110.5% +/- 3.7% to 89.5% +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.001) during hospitalization and from 105.8% +/- 3.9% to 94.2% +/- 3.9% (p less than 0.05) during the outpatient period. Blood pressure and sympathetic activity rapidly returned to prehospitalization values on discharge. These factors may confound the analysis of drug effects on BP and sympathetic activity in essential hypertensives following admission to hospital. PMID- 7009423 TI - Essential hypertension: abnormal renal vascular and endocrine responses to a mild psychological stimulus. AB - We have assessed the influence of a mild emotional stimulus on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration in 24 normal subjects, eight of who had a parent with hypertension, and in 15 patients with essential hypertension. A nonverbal IQ test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, was employed as the stimulus. In 11 of the 15 hypertensives, arterial blood pressure rose transiently by 7 mm Hg or more, but in only three of 16 normal subjects (x2 = 7.23, p less than 0.01). Transient moderate increases in heart rate were also more common in the hypertensives (p less than 0.01). Renal blood flow rose in 11 of 16 normal subjects and fell in each of the 15 patients with essential hypertension (x2 = 15.1; p less than 0.005). As opposed to the transient changes in arterial pressure and heart rate, the fall in renal perfusion was sustained. The PRA fell in 10 of the 16 normal subjects with a negative family history and rose in 14 of 15 patients with essential hypertension (p less than 0.005). Changes in plasma angiotensin II concentration and in plasma aldosterone were in accord with the changes in PRA, but plasma cortisol did not change. Both the renal vascular response and the change in PRA were intermediate in normal subjects in whom family history was positive for hypertension. For the entire group of 39 subjects there was statistically significant agreement between the direction of the renal vascular response and the directional change in PRA: renal blood flow rose when PRA fell and fell when PRA rose (p less than 0.005). We conclude that there is an abnormality in the control of both the renal circulation and of renin release in patients with essential hypertension in response to psychological provocation, and that a similar process is present in some normotensive subjects whose parents have hypertension. PMID- 7009426 TI - Evidence against a role of vasopressin in the maintenance of high blood pressure in mineralocorticoid and renovascular hypertension. AB - To determine the role of vasopressin in the maintenance of high blood pressure, the antihypertensive effect of the antagonists of the vasopressor effect of vasopressin, [1-deaminopenicillamine, 4-valine, 8-D-arginine] vasopressin (dPVDAVP), and [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 4 valine, 8-D-arginine] vasopressin (cyclo dVDAVP), was studied in unanesthetized, nonsurgically stressed rats with adrenal regeneration hypertension, malignant DOCA-salt hypertension, and malignant two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension. The doses of vasopressin antagonist used blocked the blood pressure (BP) response to vasopressin almost completely, with no changes in the pressor response to norepinephrine and angiotensin II. Administration of the vasopressin antagonists did not induce significant changes in the mean BP in any of the three experimental groups studied. It is suggested that in unanesthetized, nonsurgically stressed rats with adrenal regeneration hypertension, malignant DOCA-salt hypertension, and malignant two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension, vasopressin does not have a role in the maintenance of high BP. PMID- 7009427 TI - Renal artery stenosis with normal angiotensin II values. Relationship between angiotensin II and body sodium and potassium on correction of hypertension by captopril and subsequent surgery. AB - The case is reported of a young woman with severe hypertension, unilateral renal artery stenosis, variously normal or marginally high plasma concentrations of active renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, sodium, and potassium; and normal total exchangeable and total body sodium and potassium. Arteriograms and ureter catheterization showed the stenosis to be severe, but the unstimulated renal vein renin and angiotensin II differential to be modest. Captopril caused an initial fall in angiotensin II and arterial pressure. During prolonged captopril treatment, plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone remained depressed; exchangeable and total body sodium and potassium were unaltered. Blood pressure fell further to normal levels during prolonged captopril treatment, while subsequent surgical correction of the renal artery stenosis was curative; absolute values of blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II were similar in both situations. The findings support, without proving, the concept that chronic modest elevation of angiotensin II may be responsible for sustained hypertension in unilateral renal artery stenosis. Patients of this type contrast sharply with those, also with severe renal artery stenosis or occlusion, who have gross elevation of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, with sodium and potassium deficiency. Captopril or surgery are effective in both syndromes, but the manner of response to treatment differs markedly. PMID- 7009429 TI - The burns of seafarers under oars, sail and steam. PMID- 7009428 TI - Low plasma renin activity in normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus: relationship to neuropathy. AB - To determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on the renin-aldosterone system, independent of age, nephropathy, or hypertension, 16 normotensive diabetics with long-term disease (mean duration, 15 years) and no (14) or minimal (2) proteinuria, were compared to nine age-matched, normotensive controls. Plasma renin activity (PRA) measured supine and after 4 hours of quiet ambulation, both on an ad libitum diet and on Day 4 of a 10 mEq low sodium diet, was always lower in the diabetics (31%-56% of control values). After the combined stimulus of sodium depletion and ambulation, PRA was 2.2 +/- 0.4 in the diabetics compared to 3.4 +/- 0.2 ng/ml/hr in controls (p less than 0.025). On the low sodium diet, PRA and the postural response of PRA correlated directly with the degree of autonomic dysfunction as quantitated by the velocity of esophageal peristalsis (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05; r = 0.75, p less than 0.005 respectively), suggesting that autonomic neuropathy was an important factor contributing to low PRA in these patients. No other parameters correlated with PRA. Plasma renin substrate (PRS) tended to be lower in diabetics (1053 +/- 95 vs 1358 +/- 132 ng AI/ml; p less than 0.07) but not sufficiently so to account for the substantial difference in PRA. Furthermore, PRS did not correlate with PRA. Fasting blood sugar, while higher in diabetics (209 vs 96 mg/dl), and creatinine clearance, which was lower (112 +/- 13 vs 78 +/- 4 ml/min; p less than 0.01), also did not correlate with PRA. Other factors, including serum creatinine, serum potassium, urinary aldosterone, blood pressure, and body weight, and the responses of these parameters to sodium depletion, were similar in diabetics and controls. These data implicate visceral neuropathy as a major factor in the hyporeninemia of these diabetics. PMID- 7009430 TI - Prophylactic povidone iodine in minor wounds. AB - A total of 628 patients requiring sutures for minor wounds in an accident and emergency unit was included in a controlled trial using povidone iodine dry powder spray (Disadine DP) as prophylaxis against wound infection. In patients with injuries of the forearm and hand there was a statistically significant reduction in infection rate (P less than 0.02). Povidone iodine spray was found to be an effective, simple to use, not toxic, antiseptic prophylactic agent. PMID- 7009431 TI - Comparison of techniques for the evaluation of marginal adaptation of amalgam restorations. AB - Marginal degradation of amalgam restorations has been evaluated using a direct clinical technique and three indirect clinical assessments. Ratings of the same restorations indicated a fair comparison between the results using the different techniques. Two photographs corresponding to the 'worst Alfa' and the 'best Charlie' in the FDI Recommendation (1977) for clinical comparison of restorative materials are presented. PMID- 7009432 TI - List of members: Federation Dentaire Internationale. PMID- 7009433 TI - Antigen concentration in tissues of rabbits with systemic chronic serum sickness. PMID- 7009434 TI - Assessing the needs of the elderly: state of the art. AB - Need is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional concept. National and international efforts to assess the needs of the elderly confront common problems: lack of an accepted definition of terms such as "needs," "want" and "demand;" perceptions which vary with age, professional role, relationship and time; a range of methodologies encompassing rational, empirical and relativistic approaches, as well as subjective, objective and statistical measures. Research instruments are being refined and shared, but the state of the art remains in its infancy. Use of index of incapacity measures appears to offer the best data base for planning needed services. PMID- 7009436 TI - Immunological sterilization of male dogs by BCG. AB - The effect of a single intratesticular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and various components has been investigated in dogs. FCA caused severe granulomatous reaction with wide-spread degeneration and vacuolation of the tubules. IFA and Arlacel A induced oligo - but not azoospermia, which was of short duration (6 weeks). Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) suspended in saline given with uniform distribution at doses of 10 units or higher was effective in inducing aspermatogenesis. The sperm count declined to near zero level within 3 to 6 weeks after injection of BCG, and sperm suppression was maintained for 6 to 11 months of the observation period. At moderate doses of 10 to 25 units partial to complete inhibition of spermatogenesis was seen in different tubules with leukocyte infiltration in the interstitium. The basement membrane of the tubules, the peritubular cells as well as the Leydig cells were intact. At high doses (75-110 units) and at sites where bacillary deposits were high even in moderate dose animals, there was massive leukocyte infiltration with nonspecific damage to the tubules. The animals, on low or high dose, retained libido and copulated with bitches in oestrus. The mating was, however, infertile. The treatment, especially with low and moderate doses, was largely free of significant side effects. At higher doses, scrotal pain and swelling lasting for 7-15 days was observed; a small decrease in the size of the testes was also noted. PMID- 7009435 TI - A review of the roles of pet animals in psychotherapy and with the elderly. AB - A survey of case histories, anecdotal evidence and pilot studies shows that, as therapeutic adjuncts, pet animals facilitate rapport and otherwise enrich the treatment milieu. Similar evidence shows that pets enhance the lives of their owners in the community. Pet-facilitated psychotherapy (PFP) can increase social interaction, provide comfort and support, and reinforce feelings of independence. Replication and expansion of existing studies are recommended to further explore how pet animals may enrich the lives of members of psychiatric and geriatric populations. PMID- 7009437 TI - Inhibitors of acrosomal proteinase as antifertility agents. A problem of acrosomal membrane permeability. AB - In vitro studies were performed to investigate the accessibility of acrosin to various proteinase inhibitors inside the intact acrosome of testicular, ejaculated, and uterine human spermatozoa. As test system the gelatin plate assay was used. For this assay it was shown formerly that a correlation exists between the size of the digested lysis areas (halo formation) and acrosin activity estimated with synthetic substrates. In addition, saturation of the gelatin substrate membranes with acrosin inhibitors including highly specific ones before application of spermatozoa completely prevented halo formation indicating that the gelatinolytic activity of human spermatozoa is caused exclusively by acrosin. When human spermatozoa were incubated with various acrosin inhibitors (concentration: 1 mmol/l) prior to application to the gelatin membrane, reduction of halo formation could not be observed, however. This result indicates that most of the tested acrosin inhibitors (9 naturally occurring protein inhibitors, 2 microbial peptide inhibitors, 19 synthetic inhibitors) were unable to penetrate the acrosomal membranes of testicular, ejaculated, and uterine human spermatozoa. Only 2 inhibitors caused moderate up to complete inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of the spermatozoa if applied in concentrations between 1 and 10 mmol/l: the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin and the synthetic inhibitor NPGB (4 nitrophenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate). Obviously, human acrosomal membranes seem to be especially impenetrable to proteins, polypeptides, and synthetic agents. Those acrosin inhibitors penetrating the human sperm head membranes are either too toxic or the local concentration necessary for effective acrosin inhibition in vivo cannot be achieved within the male or female genital tract secretions. Therefore, acrosin inhibitors cannot be used for human contraception at present. Thus it is mandatory to continue the search for suitable acrosin inhibitors with low toxicity easily penetrating into the intact sperm acrosome. PMID- 7009438 TI - Difficulties encountered in the application of Clark classification and the Breslow thickness measurement in cutaneous malignant melanoma. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyse the reproducibility of Clark's classification and Breslow's measure of tumor thickness to determine if there is general agreement among pathologists regarding these parameters and whether these pathologists reach consistent conclusions concerning each slide. Three successive workshops including a panel of pathologists were held at Amsterdam, in May 1977; at Villejuif in June 1977, followed by circulation of slides and at Villejuif again, in June 1978, followed by slide projection. This was necessary because of the great divergencies of opinion noted at the first meeting at Amsterdam. These sessions gave a better understanding of the divergencies and finally indicated that general agreement could only be reached by slide presentation followed by discussion. Regarding histogenesis, agreement between pathologists was improved after discussion from 6/11 cases to 11/13 cases. Regarding the level, no initial agreement was reached (Amsterdam). At the second meeting an agreement was obtained in 4/13 cases and finally in 11/13 cases (Villejuif). Clark's classification is more difficult to use than Breslow's because it depends on a discontinuous variable, the choice of the infiltration level. Breslow's classification, on the other hand, is based on a continuous variable. Because of frequent discrepancies, the classification of patients into various therapeutic groups according to Clark's level and Breslow's thickness necessitates that all cases including in therapeutic trials be reviewed by a panel of pathologists. PMID- 7009439 TI - Determination of incidence and partial characterization of tumor-associated antigens found in the urine of patients bearing solid tumors. AB - Urine samples from patients with solid tumors and from donors without malignant disease were concentrated and tested for the presence of tumor-associated antigens. In the complement-fixation assay using serum from a source autologous with the source of the urine, 87.4% of cancer patients were positive, while only 6.9% of control donors were positive. When serum from an allogenic source was used, 94.7% of cancer patients and 35.1% of control donors were positive. Absorption of a cancer patient's serum with autologous tumor cells removed antibody activity to autologous and allogeneic urine samples. Normal lymphocytes, skin, or muscle-cell suspensions were ineffective as absorbents. The excretion of antigen into urine is dependent upon the presence of tumor. Surgical removal of tumor resulted in cessation of antigen excretion. The urine remained antigen negative as long as the patient remained disease-free. The antigenic activity was heat-stable and comprised molecules of greater than 1,000,000 daltons which could be dissociated into smaller molecular weight active fractions by treatment with 6 M urea. PMID- 7009440 TI - Aminophylline vs. salbutamol in exercise-induced asthma. AB - A comparative, double-blind, cross-over trial of aminophylline (6 mg/kg i.v.) and salbutamol (200 mcg per inhalationem) was conducted in six male patients (20 to 46 years) with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Both aminophylline and salbutamol successfully prevented EIA. The serum concentration of theophylline was within the normal range (9.8--20.3 mcg/ml). The effect of salbutamol was slightly more pronounced than the effect of aminophylline but not statistically significant. Because of the more convenient method of application, the authors give priority to salbutamol in the prevention of EIA. PMID- 7009442 TI - Syndrome of postoperative depression of vital functions in poor-risk patients: its treatment. AB - Loss of proprioception due to depressed neuromuscular transmitter following continued action of skeletomuscular relaxant drugs may not be the main cause of stupor, respiratory depression, and suppression of motor and sensory reflex activity in the immediate or delayed post-operative period in surgical patients. Those with a chronic history of suffering (termed poor-risk types because of other associated derangements in electrolytes, body water, etc.), hyper-react to surgical stress as well as postoperative pain and apprehension. This leads to the release of large quantities of stress products (noradrenaline and its cognates) into the central nervous system (CNS), thus inducing a phase of depression of the cerebral cortex and other vulnerable parts of the CNS in such a way that the stupor analgesic stage is induced in the affected persons (called the "syndrome of post-operative depression of vital functions"). Treatment of such a syndrome thus involved removal of the stress products from the CNS as well as from peripheral circulation by extraction therapy (20% mannitol administration), coupled with judicious use of atropine and neostigmine to stimulate the CNS itself, i.e., the production of acetylcholine in the mesencephalic reticulo activating system. PMID- 7009441 TI - Comparative evaluation of carprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid patients. AB - Thirty-six patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a 6-week double-blind parallel trial. They were randomly divided into three groups and received either carprofen stepwise 150, 200, and 250 mg/day, carprofen 350, 400, and 450 mg/day or indomethacin 100 mg/day. Classical methods and parameters for evaluating the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis were used. A large panel of laboratory tests were also involved in the assessment of toxicity. Although the incidence of adverse effects was similar for both drugs, cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent with carprofen than with indomethacin, whereas central nervous system reactions were elicited more often with the latter drugs. For most of the efficacy variables studied, the carprofen high dosage regimen at weeks 5 and 6 was shown statistically superior or at least not different from the indomethacin group; both of these were superior to the carprofen low dosage regimen. PMID- 7009443 TI - The deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in osteoarthritic cartilage. AB - In a prospective study of 117 patients having reconstructive surgery for osteoarthritis, biopsies of hyaline articular cartilage and meniscal fibrocartilage were taken which exhibited immunofluorescence in their articular surfaces, for at least two immuno-globins (Ig) and beta 1c. These could represent immune complexes. The cases were classified into three Groups according to clinical, radiological and laboratory features, (1) non-arthritic -- 27 (3% positive); (2) secondary degenerative -- 32 (16% positive); (3) idiopathic osteoarthritic -- 89 (51% positive). The incidence of positive findings in Group III was significant at p less than 0.001 and less than 0.005 levels respectively as compared to those of Groups I and II. Our study of the disease features and their associated laboratory parameters indicated the following: positive findings correlated with an older mean age and longer disease duration. The gradings for mononuclear cell infiltration in synovial biopsies of Group III were more than two times higher than those of secondary arthritics. Group III also had an increased incidence of circulating auto-antibodies. A careful review of clinical features has not suggested a mixed population with rheumatoid disease but rather that Group III represents part of the spectrum of primary generalised osteoarthritis. These data suggest involvement of local immune mechanisms in cartilage degradation in the joints of those patients with longer term involvement. PMID- 7009444 TI - Philipp Erlacher (1887-1980). PMID- 7009447 TI - Foot pad enlargement as a measure of induced immunity to Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Foot pad enlargement (FPE) has been used as a measure of induced immunity to M. leprae, FPE peaked at 2-3 days, but it sometimes persisted for 4 weeks or more. Both as the inducing and eliciting antigen, heat-killed M. leprae were effective, and the optimum dose was about 1 x 10(7) bacilli. Higher doses were associated with flattening of the dose-response curve. Disrupted bacilli were not effective in immunizing mice, but they elicited FPE responses in mice immunized with intact bacilli. Cord factor was not found to have adjuvant activity for M. leprae. In immunization, the intradermal route was confirmed to be more effective than the foot pad route; the subcutaneous route was effective in providing protection against infection. FPE tests were used to investigate the steps of standard purification procedures for M. leprae in armadillo livers. A trypsin-chymotrypsin digestion step was found to be harmful to immunogenicity in one of two experiments. PMID- 7009445 TI - Friedrich Pauwels (1885-1980). PMID- 7009446 TI - Effect of chemotherapeutic agents on natural and BCG-stimulated macrophage cytotoxicity in mice. AB - Spontaneous or Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)-stimulated macrophage cytotoxicity was investigated in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c x DBA/2 treated with various chemotherapeutic agents. The SV40-transformed mKSA TU5 (TU5) line and the mFS6 sarcoma were used as targets. Cytolytic activity of macrophages from individual mice (4-6 per experimental group) was measured as release of [3H methyl]thymidine from prelabelled target cells. Treatment with azathioprine (a single injection 100-400 mg/kg or 5 daily doses of 10-80 mg/kg s.c.) and dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (a single injection of 45-180 mg/kg or 5 daily doses of 3-30 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in marked dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous macrophage cytotoxicity against TU5 tumor cells 2 days later. By 7 days after drug treatment spontaneous cytotoxicity of macrophages had returned to normal levels. In contrast adriamycin (a single dose of 5-10 mg/kg or 5 daily doses of 0.6-2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and cyclophosphamide (a single dose of 50-200 mg/kg or 5 daily doses of 6-25 mg/kg i.v.) did not affect spontaneous cytolytic activity of murine macrophages. BCG-stimulated macrophage cytotoxicity was investigated using mFS6 target cells which were relatively resistant to the spontaneous levels of macrophage-mediated cytolysis; the same pattern of effects was observed, azathioprine and dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide inhibiting cytolytic activity levels in contrast to adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. These results are discussed in terms of the known effects of these agents on other functions of mononuclear phagocytes and on other immune reactivities. PMID- 7009448 TI - Evidence for species-specific lipid antigens in Mycobacterium leprae. AB - A partially purified lipid fraction from Mycobacterium leprae yielded distinct lines of precipitation with antisera from two lepromatus patients and from an infected armadillo. There was no reaction to the sera from patients with tuberculosis or a M. avium infection or to the serum from a normal armadillo. The activity in the lipid fraction was unaffected by mild alkali, and upon hydrolysis the fraction yielded 6-deoxyhexoses. This information suggests that the lipid antigens of M. leprae may be species specific and related to the A, B, C or G mycosides. PMID- 7009449 TI - An improved embedding method for electron microscopy of lepromata. AB - Spurr's resin mixture has been found to be the embedding material most suitable for electron microscopic studies of lepromata at present. Like methacrylate, it can penetrate well into foamy structures and the leprosy bacilli within foamy structures. On the other hand, like Epon 812, it is stable against the electron beam and can preserve ultrafine structures. Additionally, we have found that the use of dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide instead of propylene oxide as substituter improves the preservation of the ultrafine structures of leprosy bacilli. PMID- 7009450 TI - Thoughts on the immunology of leprosy. PMID- 7009451 TI - Do the average bacterial and morphological indices reflect the patients' true condition? PMID- 7009452 TI - Identification problems of strain 0122. PMID- 7009453 TI - Amyloidosis: Part 2. PMID- 7009455 TI - Urticaria. PMID- 7009456 TI - The 1979 Heath Clark Lectures. 'The epidemiologic fabric'. II. The London Bridge- it never fell. PMID- 7009454 TI - X-linked ichthyosis. PMID- 7009457 TI - Dr Ian Murray Mackerras. PMID- 7009458 TI - Medical noncompliance. AB - Increasingly recognized as a major medical health problem, non-compliant patient behavior remains on e of the least understood and most frustrating phenomena facing today's physicians. Although no single characteristic of behavior adequately defines the potential non-complier, a variety of factors raises the index of physician suspicion. This papaer examined four general categories affecting non-compliant behavior: patient factors, illness factors, therapeutic regimen factors, and physician-patient interaction factors. Based on these elements, a set of management implications is defined and discussed as possible deterrents to non-compliant behavior. PMID- 7009459 TI - The problem of internalization and structure formation. AB - The present essay has attempted to address the central notion of internalization with particular reference to the derivation of internalizations from object relationships. We have identified several major forms of internalization, specifically incorporation, introjection and identification and have discussed their distinguishing characteristics. Moreover, the role of such internalizations in relation to objects and the quality of object-relationships, to which they correspond and from which they derive, was explored. Not only does the quality of object-relations influence the type and patterning of internalizations, but there is also a reciprocal aspect of the subject's involvement in particular object relationships in terms of which the internal organization of the self formed by the functioning of processes of internalization contributes to the shaping and distinctive quality of respective object-relationships. Consequently, the connexion between internalizations and object-relationships tends to be mutually determining and reciprocally correlated. PMID- 7009460 TI - Long-lived oxygen-dependent damage in bacterial spores irradiated at conventional dose rates. PMID- 7009461 TI - Rehabilitation after brain damage: an overview. AB - This paper takes stock of recent additions to knowledge about rehabilitation after brain damage, and then explores the requirements for future research in this area. PMID- 7009462 TI - Language disabilities in children: perceptual correlates. AB - Although language disabilities in children manifest themselves as a failure to develop linguistic skills normally at or near the expected age, the underlying etiology of this prevalent developmental disorder is not well understood. Recent research studies provide empirical evidence that demonstrates a preponderance of basic perceptual disorders in some children with developmental language delay. These studies are reviewed and the possible role of specific perceptual impairments in various language disorders is discussed. PMID- 7009463 TI - Effects of environmental complexity and deprivation on brain anatomy and histology: a review. AB - During the last 20 years the anatomical plasticity of the brain in response to sensory stimulation has been clearly demonstrated. This paper reviews the effects of environments rich in sensory stimulation versus those which are stimulus poor. Effects have been noted at all levels from the gross anatomical to the electromicroscopic. As compared to their stimulus-deprived counterparts, animals reared in complex environments tend to display greater cerebral weight and length and cortical depth. The greatest effects occur in the occipital cortex where histological studies have revealed expanded neuron perikaryonal and nuclear size and dendritic branching, more dendritic spines, alterations in synaptic numbers and morphology, and greater numbers of neuroglia. Different cortical areas and layers respond to different degrees. Some responses have also been noted in the underlying hippocampus, particularly in the dentate gyrus. The emerging data present a picture of a dynamic, plastic brain adapting homeostatically to the demands of its environment. PMID- 7009464 TI - Neutrography of the osteopetrotic op rat. PMID- 7009465 TI - Background subtraction using flood field count ratios to normalize different regions of interest. PMID- 7009466 TI - Effect of phosphoric acid gel on tensile strength of direct bonded orthodontic brackets. PMID- 7009468 TI - Is there a relationship between illness and creativity? An analysis of the life and poetry of A. V. Koltsov. AB - Considerable interest has been shown in the relationship between illness and creativity. A study of life of A. V. Koltsov, a famous Russian poet of the nineteenth century, can make a valuable contribution to this subject because he was, to a most unusual extent, a self-made man. Unlike most "men of achievement", he did not come from an eminent family or a famous educational establishment. He was born in a small provincial town, on the fringe of the civilized world, and he spent less than eighteen months at school. If there is such a thing as "natural genius", Koltsov has a strong claim to be considered in this category. His life was also profoundly influenced by mental and physical disorders, and it is interesting to speculate on whether there may have been a connection between these and his great achievements. PMID- 7009470 TI - Nerve suture. PMID- 7009469 TI - Development of microsurgery in research: chronological events. PMID- 7009471 TI - Microsurgical nerve grafting. PMID- 7009467 TI - Vitamins and alcoholism. V. Riboflavin, VI. Niacin, VII. Pantothenic acid, and VIII. Biotin. PMID- 7009472 TI - Arterial bullet embolism. AB - An arterial bullet embolus is reported in an asymptomatic patient. Emphasis is placed on the need for an aggressive search for any unaccounted-for bullets, confirmation of diagnosis by arteriography and early operative extraction of the embolus. PMID- 7009473 TI - [Effect of liver diseases on bioavailability and clearance of drugs]. PMID- 7009474 TI - [Prescription of drugs in liver diseases]. PMID- 7009475 TI - [Toxicology and therapy of paracetamol poisoning]. PMID- 7009477 TI - [Research on the psychology of eating and its contribution to the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity]. PMID- 7009478 TI - [Mental problems in organic heart disease and during heart surgery]. PMID- 7009476 TI - [Toxic lesions caused by cytostatic drugs]. PMID- 7009480 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of the heart-phobia syndrome]. PMID- 7009479 TI - [Psychiatric tasks and experiences in an intensive care unit for internal medicine]. PMID- 7009481 TI - [Clinical signs and management of delirium tremens]. PMID- 7009482 TI - [Hepatosplenomegaly in hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 7009483 TI - [Anorexia nervosa. Neurobiology, psychosomatic aspects and behavior therapy]. PMID- 7009484 TI - No effect of concanavalin A on the corneal graft reaction. AB - Penetrating corneal homografts were performed in albino rabbits. The experimental group received grafts soaked in a solution of concanavalin A; the control group received grafts soaked in lactated Ringer's solution. Animals with technically successful grafts were subsequently exposed to an additional antigenic stimulus from the corneal donor via skin grafting. This procedure produces a uniformly high rate of corneal graft rejection. The two groups were compared for the frequency and onset of the graft reaction. Results demonstrated no difference between control and experimental groups. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7009485 TI - Stereotaxic frame and computer software for CT-directed neurosurgical localization. AB - A clinical stereotaxic head frame designed for use with computed tomography (CT) body scanners is described. Frame geometry and a CT localization system provide an accuracy and versatility that should lead to optimal clinical usefulness. Initial phantom and clinical studies are presented. PMID- 7009486 TI - Noninvasive blood flow measurements by Doppler ultrasound with application to renal artery flow determination. AB - A description of a new Doppler ultrasound flow measuring instrument is given along with representative measurements of blood flow in the canine renal artery and the human aortic arch, renal artery, and transplanted kidney renal artery. The instrument is briefly described, and a discussion of the limitations of the technique is presented. PMID- 7009489 TI - Immunogenic properties of PR8 influenza virus after treatment with acid protease. AB - Brief exposure of PR8 influenza virus at pH 4.5 to extracts of Aspergillus niger abolished the red cell agglutinating and infectious capacities of the virus without significantly decreasing its antigenicity or immunogenicity. The results of gel electrophoresis indicated that the HA1 portion of the viral hemagglutinin had been degraded by treatment of virus with Aspergillus extract. The immunogenicity in mice of virus that had been exposed to A. niger extract appeared to be very broad, since vaccination of mice with such material gave protection against challenge with strains of influenza A virus representing all major serotypes as well as one type B influenza virus. PMID- 7009488 TI - Enhancement of rat renal allografts with various immunogens. AB - Lewis rat recipients of Brown Norway (BN) and Dark Agouti (DA) kidneys were tested for enhanced survival after they were injected with various immunogens. Lewis recipients of BN kidneys injected with either BN whole blood, bone marrow cells, red blood cells, or DA whole blood had enhanced survival. Lewis recipients of BN kidneys injected with either BN plasma or BN thymocytes did not have enhanced survival. Lewis recipients of DN kidneys injected with DA blood had enhanced survival. Lymphocytotoxins were found infrequently in recipients with rejected renal allografts. Active enhancement of the rat renal graft may be produced by immunization with cells that express serum determined or cell determined antigens. PMID- 7009487 TI - Transplantation immunology. PMID- 7009490 TI - 'The Rigid Embrace of the Narrow House': premature burial & the signs of death. PMID- 7009491 TI - Can ethics provide answers? PMID- 7009492 TI - Ethics and preventive medicine: the case of borderline hypertension. PMID- 7009493 TI - [Cryoproteinemias]. AB - Biochemical cryoproteins are divided in cryoglobulins (type I-III), plasma cryoproteins (heparin precipitable factor, cryofibrinogen and cryofibrin), and fibronectin. While cryoglobulinemias and plasma-cryoproteinemias are mainly caused by internal diseases, fibronectin may be a physiological substance. Because of skin lesions as purpura, necrosis or cold urticaria the patients rather often consult dermatologists at first. Furthermore arthralgias, kidney diseases, neurologic symptoms and lung involvement can be observed. For diagnosis a accelerated blood sedimentation rate at 37 degrees C and a decelerated at 4 degrees C is helpful. By further investigations underlying internal diseases have to be disclosed. In the therapeutical efforts the treatment of the underlying diseases is most important. Additional plasmapheresis and immunsuppressive treatment may be successful. PMID- 7009494 TI - [Differential diagnostic considerations on the skin efflorescence depicted on the Sebastian altar of Hans Holbein the Elder]. AB - The attempt was made to register differential dermatological diagnosis in the right-hand section and the centrepiece of the "Sebastiansaltar" by Holbein the Elder in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich. Obviously the paintings show cases of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7009495 TI - [Cryoglobulinemia in plasmocytoma]. AB - Report of a patient with multiple myeloma and cryoglobulinemia, typical skin lesions and unusual neurologic symptoms. PMID- 7009496 TI - Florence Kelley and the radium dial painters. PMID- 7009497 TI - Medicare utilization in the United States: PSRO and regional impacts. AB - Patterns of hospital use, both in general and under the Medicare program, are known to vary significantly among the census regions of the United States. In trying to explain what accounts for these variants, researchers have examined a host of socio-economic, demographic, hospital-level, an other characteristics of the health care delivery system. Their explanations, however, are often divergent, temporally based, and equivocal in nature. In this article the authors measure some of the more important differentials in Medicare admissions, lengths of stay, and days of care, with data taken from between 1974 and 1977, and we illustrate the importance of "geographic forces" in accounting for variations in use. A review and comparative analysis of explanations offered by other researchers is used to help us both identify what these geographic forces are comprised of and suggest several new methodological strategies for studying the uneven use phenomenon. PMID- 7009498 TI - [The fibula]. PMID- 7009500 TI - [Experience with the EEA stapler in colon anastomosis]. AB - On the basis of 35 resections of the sigma of low anterior resections of the rectum, the outcome of conventional (13) and EEA stapler (22) anastomoses is analysed. The incidence of clinical or radiological insufficiencies is significantly lower in stapler anastomoses. Technical details important for a successful stapling procedure and the outcome of the anastomosis are discussed. The importance of the control for completeness of the tissue rings after removal of the purse-string suture is stressed. Regarding these technical details stapler anastomoses have proven to facilitate very low anterior rectal resections and to achieve less postoperative complications. PMID- 7009499 TI - [Thoracic wall reconstruction using autologous skin flaps and lyophilized dura: a comparative long-term study in dogs]. AB - In an experimental study in dogs a defect in the chestwall was created by resecting two ribs on each side. The defect then was replaced by lyophilized dura and free dermis transplants. In X-ray observations and tissue examinations both materials are evaluated by comparing the results. After one year both graft materials showed identical results concerning function and tissue compatibility. Both, dura and dermis were totally resorbed replaced by collagen and connective tissue. PMID- 7009501 TI - [End-to-end anastomosis using the EEA stapler: recommendations for technical details]. AB - We report about 100 anastomoses of the sigma and rectum performed with the EEA Stapler, the main advantage of this technique being the solidity of the anastomoses. Technical details of the procedure are discussed. PMID- 7009502 TI - [Antibiotic preparation of the colon or preoperative parenteral prophylaxis in colon surgery. A randomized study]. AB - A double-blind randomised trial was carried out among 72 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. 37 patients received Metronidazole and Kanamycin systemically, 35 patients the same medicaments orally. We could not find any difference between the two ways of application. These results are in opposition to those of a comparable study of Birmingham, where the therapy was significantly less successful in the oral group. This fact is discussed and the parenteral, short-term prophylaxis is recommended. PMID- 7009503 TI - Nephronophthisis (medullary cystic disease of the kidney). A study using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and a review of the morphological findings. AB - Light and electron microscopic as well as immunofluorescent findings in kidney biopsies of 9 patients suffering from nephronophthisis are reported. The lightmicroscopic picture is unspecific except the cysts at the cortico-medullary junction which are present in 70% of cases. The immunofluorescent findings are either negative or unspecifically positive. On electron microscopy, the tubular basement membranes exhibit characteristic but not specific changes, i.e. homogeneous thickening, splitting, reticulation, thinning, complete loss, granular disintegration and collapse. These findings suggest that the "Anlageschwache" of the nephron especially of the tubular basement membrane may be the primary lesion in nephronophthisis. PMID- 7009505 TI - Inhibitory effects of native and synthetic protease inhibitors on plasma proteases in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7009504 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage in the term infant confirmed by computed tomography. AB - In 8 singleton term infants and 1 postterm infant diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) was clinically established on the 2nd to the 12th day of life and subsequently confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Birth asphyxia was present in 1 infant only. 1 patient died, another developed progressing post haemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring a shunt. On follow-up at 2 1/2 to 30 months, psychomotor development was found to be normal in 6 children, mildly delayed in 1 and markedly delayed in another. On comparing our results of ICH in term infants to other published data on both term and preterm infants, we found that in both groups of patients ICH usually occurred within the first 7 days of life and that CT findings were often identical. Mortality rate of preterm babies with ICH was found to be 4.5 times higher than that of term babies while in surviving patients incidence of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus was approximately the same. Repeated lumbar punctures were shown to be therapeutically successful in some preterm infants with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. We consider it worth while to use this approach in term infants, too, before placement of a shunt is considered. Etiologic factors and pathogenesis of ICH are briefly discussed at the end of the paper. PMID- 7009506 TI - A clinical study on insulin receptors of mononuclear cells in diabetes. PMID- 7009507 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of early glottic carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - From 1965 to 1975 conservation laryngeal surgery was performed on 249 patients with precancerous lesions and early carcinoma of the vocal cords. Clinical staging determined the type of surgery (vocal cord stripping, cordectomy, vertical partial laryngectomy and hemilaryngectomy) to be performed. Most (about 80 per cent) glottic carcinomas were T1 or T2 lesions. The rest were precancerous lesions, carcinomas-in-situ or T3 lesions. The overall 3 years survival was 90.7 per cent and the 5 year survival was 85.6 per cent. Through analysis of the clinical and histological findings of those patients with residual and recurrent disease the indications for and the limitations of the various conservation procedures could be demonstrated. These favourable results here presented show this to be a good method of control of early glottic carcinoma. Strict operative indications and critical histological examination of the operative specimen are essential in view of the occasional failure. PMID- 7009508 TI - [Hemostasis during tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009509 TI - The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer: the use and abuse of clinical trials, statistics and unproven hypotheses. PMID- 7009510 TI - Local control of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children by radiation therapy when combined with chemotherapy. PMID- 7009511 TI - Hyperthermia and radiation in combination: a clinical fractionation regime. PMID- 7009512 TI - Gold medal awards of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists: M. Vera Peters, M.D. and Isodore Lampe, M.D., Ph.D. PMID- 7009513 TI - Actual and potential combinations of radiation and chemotherapy with clinical benefits. PMID- 7009514 TI - In memoriam: Mathias Octavio Roxo Nobre 1907-1979. PMID- 7009515 TI - Modern concepts of emotion as prefigured in Descartes' "Passions of the soul". PMID- 7009516 TI - Cognitive aspects of affects and other feeling states with clinical applications. PMID- 7009517 TI - Acceptance speech on the occasion of receiving the Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Award. PMID- 7009518 TI - Presentation of the Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Award to Alberta Szalita, M.D. PMID- 7009519 TI - Diphenhydramine reduces endotoxin effects on lung vascular permeability in sheep. AB - Because, in sheep, histamine-induced increased lung vascular permeability is prevented by diphenhydramine, we tested the effects of diphenhydramine on the sheep lung vascular response to endotoxin. We infused E. coli endotoxin (0.40 1.00 micrograms/kg) with and without diphenhydramine (3.0 mg/kg bolus + 1.5 mg . kg-1 . h-1) in the same unanesthetized sheep while measuring pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and left atrial (Pla) pressures, lung lymph flow (Qlym) and lymph (L) and plasma (P) protein concentrations. Endotoxin caused pulmonary hypertension soon after infusion (base-line Ppa = 22 +/- 3 (SE) cmH2O; after endotoxin Ppa = 40 +/- 2; P less than 0.05, n = 6) and after several hours an increase in permeability reflected in high flow of protein-rich lymph (base-line; Qlym = 7.5 +/- 1.4 (SE) ml/h, L/P protein concentration = 0.60 +/- 0.02: after endotoxin; Qlym = 21.4 +/ 3.1, P less than 0.05; L/P = 0.66 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.05). In the presence of diphenhydramine, endotoxin caused identical pressure changes but Qlym was lower during the period of increased permeability (16.7 +/- 3.0 (SE) ml/h, P less than 0.05 compared to endotoxin alone) and L/P protein concentration was similar (0.68 +/- 0.04, P = NS). We conclude that endogenous histamine may be partly responsible for the increase in lung vascular permeability after endotoxemia, but that histamine probably is not the sole mediator of the permeability change. PMID- 7009521 TI - Shrinkage of dog lobes during air-drying fixation. AB - Air-drying of canine lung lobes, distended at a constant pressure corresponding to 50% of lobar total lung capacity, resulted in a volume shrinkage of 35.8%. To examine associated changes in shape of the lobes, the shrinkage of three orthogonal directions (x, y, and z) was quantitated by measuring the change in length per unit length (strain; epsilon) of straight lines between pleural markers. Epsilon x = 0.14, epsilon y = 0.22, and epsilon z = 0.12. This inequality of strains indicated that moderate shape changes occurred. The direction of the largest strain component (epsilon y) corresponded to a direction normal to the largest projected surface area of the lobe. PMID- 7009522 TI - Plasma volume, osmolality, vasopressin, and renin activity during graded exercise in man. AB - Plasma volume (PV), renin activity (PRA), and osmotic (Osm), sodium (Na+), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were measured in venous blood samples taken before and after three levels of cycle ergometer exercise (100, 175, and 225 W) in 15 young male volunteers. Plasma volume and solute concentrations changed significantly (P less than 0.05, denoted by *) with work intensity. The % delta PV was -3.7%* at 100 W, -8.8%* at 175 W, and -12.4%* at 225 W. Plasma Na+ concentration, Osm, and AVP increase were curvilinear with graded exercise and were significant only when work intensity exceeded 40% VO2max. PRA increase was linear and significant at all work levels. The % delta PV was significantly correlated with delta Osm (r = 0.99*) and delta Na+ (r = 0.89*) but had low correlations with delta AVP (r = 0.22, NS) and delta PRA (r = 0.12, NS). However, delta AVP was significantly correlated with delta Na+ (r = 0.86*) and delta Osm (r = 0.83*), whereas delta PRA had low correlations with delta Na+ (r = 0.33, NS), delta Osm (r = 0.29, NS), and delta AVP (r = 0.43, NS). The data support the hypothesis that a) with exercise, AVP release is a primary factor for fluid and electrolyte regulation as it is highly correlated with the plasma hyperosmolality produced by a net hypotonic plasma efflux; b) an exercise intensity greater than 40% VO2max is required to change plasma osmolality and, thus, stimulate significant AVP release; and c) the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system is a more general stress response, which responds to increasing sympathetic nervous activity. PMID- 7009520 TI - Reversal of 5HT-induced bronchoconstriction by PGI2: distribution of central and peripheral actions. AB - In anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and vagotomized cats, we studied the distribution of the bronchodilatory effects of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in central and peripheral airways. In the intact-chest cat, bolus intravenous injection of PGI2 in a range of doses from 3 to 100 micrograms produced dose-dependent reversal of 5-hydroxytryptamine- (5HT) induced bronchoconstriction. Bronchodilatory effects were manifested by a pronounced decrease in central airways flow resistance, as estimated by measurement of lung resistance and by an increase in dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn). A similar distribution and magnitude of airway effects were produced by intravenous administration of PGE1 in a range of doses from 0.3 to 10 micrograms. PGI2 significantly reversed the frequency dependence of compliance induced by infusion of 5HT. The PGI2 metabolite, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, was without effect on pulmonary mechanics. Comparison of right- versus left-heart administration of PGI2 did not point to a significant role of the bronchial circulation in the airway effects of PGI2. Comparison of the effects of PGI2 and PGE1 on cat bronchial and parenchymal strips contracted by 5HT showed both prostaglandins to have predominant action on bronchial smooth muscle with PGI2 being 3-10 times less active than PGE1. These data suggest that PGI2 has central airway bronchodilator activity, similar to, but less potent than PGE1. In addition, they suggest that PGI2 has significant dilator activity in certain peripheral areas of the lung, as well. PMID- 7009523 TI - Augmentation of phrenic neural activity by increased rates of lung inflation. AB - Studies were conducted in anesthetized paralyzed dogs using a cycle-triggered constant-flow ventilator, which ventilated the animal in phase with the recorded phrenic neural activity. Intermittently tests were performed in which the animal was ventilated with a different airflow for a single breath. Increased airflows, within the range generated during spontaneous breathing, caused an increased rate of rise of the moving average phrenic neurogram and a shortening of the duration of the nerve burst. The magnitude of the increase in the rate of rise of the neurogram was related to the level of inspiratory airflow. Tests with brief pulses of airflow showed that an increase in the rate of rise of the phrenic neurogram could be produced without inflating the lung above the resting tidal volume of the animal. Similar results were obtained with negative-pressure ventilation and the effects were abolished by vagotomy. This vagally mediated augmentation of phrenic neural output may accelerate the inspiratory volume change in the lung during spontaneous breathing at hyperpneic levels. PMID- 7009524 TI - Role of platelet serotonin in the canine pulmonary response to endotoxin. AB - There is evidence suggesting a role for platelet serotonin (5-HT) in the immediate pulmonary response to endotoxin in the dog (J. Appl. Physiol. 23: 47, 1967). To further define this role, autologous canine platelets were labeled with 5-[14C]HT in vitro and then reinfused. Subsequently Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.55:B-5, Difco), 2.5 mg/kg, was injected. Within 5 min dynamic compliance (CL) fell by more than 50%, and nonelastic resistance (RL) increased by more than 200%. Despite a 95% decrease in platelet count, less than 10% of the platelet 5 HT was released as determined by changes in the radioactivity of platelet-poor plasma (PPP) prepared from both aortic and pulmonary artery blood. As a positive control, injected of bovine collagen produced a similar decrease in platelet count that was associated with a significant increase in the radioactivity of aortic and pulmonary artery PPP. FInally, rapid injection of a dose of 5-HT equivalent to 25% of the 5-HT in circulating platelets did not cause a change in CL or RL equivalent to that produced by endotoxin. From these data we conclude that endotoxin injection does not cause immediate massive platelet activation and that platelet 5-HT does not play a major role in the immediate pulmonary response to endotoxin. PMID- 7009525 TI - Effect of methysergide on the acute lung mechanics response to endotoxin. AB - The effect of the serotonin antagonist methysergide on the acute lung mechanics response to endotoxin in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs was investigated. In five dogs given 0.25 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin only, the pulmonary nonelastic resistance (RL) increased to 238% of control and dynamic compliance (CL) decreased to 50% of control. In a second group of five dogs, methysergide (0.25 mg/kg) was shown to markedly attenuate the lung mechanics response to serotonin (0.04 mg/kg), which alone had produced changes in lung mechanics greater than endotoxin. In these same dogs endotoxin administered after injection of methysergide produced an increase in RL to 377% and a decrease in CL to 33% of control. In a third group of five dogs whose lung mechanics response to serotonin was also greater than to endotoxin alone, endotoxin administered after injection of saline produced an increase in RL to 168% and a decrease in CL to 58% of control. Since the response to endotoxin after injection of methysergide exceeded the response after saline, we conclude that serotonin is not a mediator of the acute lung mechanics response to endotoxin. PMID- 7009526 TI - Evaluation using dogs of a method for estimating cardiac output from a single breath. AB - We have evaluated the single-breath method of Kim, Rahn, and Fahri (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 1338, 1966) using anesthetized dogs (avg wt 26 kg). The systematic error was determined by comparing the single-breath estimates of cardiac output with values obtained by the dye-dilution method. In some dogs the effects of moderate exercise were stimulated by joining the circulations of two dogs. From paired estimates, the random error of the single-breath method was +/- 12% (95% tolerance limits; 23 pairs) over a range of outputs 1.1-5.0 l/min. There was no significant difference between values of cardiac output by the single-breath method and by dye dilution, and in four dogs the dye-dilution values were not significantly different from values of pulmonary blood flow controlled by perfusion. These results indicate that under carefully controlled conditions the single-breath method is capable of providing reliable estimates of cardiac output. PMID- 7009527 TI - Control of exercise-induced muscular glycogenolysis by adrenal medullary hormones in rats. AB - We have previously shown that adrenodemedullation combined with chemical sympathectomy decreases the exercise-induced muscular glycogen breakdown in rats. Now we have elucidated to what extent the effect of combined adrenodemedullation and sympathectomy can be ascribed to the lack of either the adrenal medulla or of the peripheral sympathetic nerve endings. Rats were either adrenodemedullated or underwent sham operation and subsequent unilateral hindleg sympathectomy. Three weeks after adrenodemedullation and 1 wk after sympathectomy, the rats either rested or swam with a tail weight for 75 min or continued swimming to exhaustion. The exercise-induced muscular glycogenolysis was markedly impeded by adrenodemedullation but not by sympathectomy. During the first 75 min of exercise, hepatic glycogenolysis was decreased in adrenodemedullated rats compared with sham-operated rats, and blood glucose only increased in the latter. At exhaustion, plasma insulin and glucagon were higher and lower, respectively, in adrenodemedullated rats than in sham-operated rats, whereas blood glucose did not differ significantly between these groups. During prolonged swimming in rats, adrenomedullary hormones enhance muscular glycogenolysis, glucagon secretion, and the early hepatic glycogenolysis but inhibit insulin secretion. PMID- 7009528 TI - Plasma C-peptide and insulin in trained and untrained subjects. AB - Plasma insulin and C-peptide were simultaneously determined under various conditions in 11 endurance-trained athletes and 12 nonathletes. Both groups performed an exhaustive ergometer test and an endurance test with 38% of the maximal achieved work load for 45 min. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was also performed. In the basal state, athletes had low plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations. During exercise, insulin and C-peptide decreased similarly in both groups. In the recovery period, insulin and C-peptide rose within a few minutes. There were differences between the extent as well as the time course of this "rebound" effect after exhaustive or endurance exercise that might be related to glucose alterations. The insulin response but not the C-peptide response after glucose injection was blunted in trained subjects. Results indicate that basal plasma insulin concentrations are lower in athletes due to reduced insulin secretion. During exercise, insulin secretion is diminished independent of the training state. The blunted response of insulin after glucose administration in athletes is due to an enhanced plasma clearance. PMID- 7009530 TI - Diagnosis and management of concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in thirty dogs. AB - Concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism were diagnosed in 30 dogs over a 2-year period. Clinical signs included polyuria, hepatomegaly, polyphagia, abdominal distension, truncal alopecia, anorexia, and vomiting. Because of the similar clinical and laboratory findings for hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism was initially overlooked in some dogs. Insulin resistance, characterized by high daily insulin requirements, developed in the diabetic dogs with untreated hyperadrenocorticism. Therapy with o,p'-DDD resulted in precipitous declines in insulin requirements. By lowering the dosage of o,p' DDD and supplementing with glucocorticoids during the o,p'-DDD loading period, serious hypoglycemia was avoided. Control of coexisting hyperadrenocorticism lessened the severity of the diabetes mellitus, but insulin therapy remained a necessity in all dogs. PMID- 7009531 TI - Pneumonia in goats caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. AB - Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (large-colony type) was isolated from the lungs of a goat with pneumonia. Clinical signs included inappetence, weakness, listlessness, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, slight nasal discharge, and lameness. Tylosin (4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered each day for 4 days, resulting in slow recovery. Three weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and the kid was anemic. It was given a single blood transfusion and tylosin was administered daily. The kid's health status was steadily declined and it died after 6 days' treatment. At necropsy, the lungs were edematous and congested. Histopathologic findings were those of septicemia and pneumonia. PMID- 7009529 TI - Effects of glycerol feeding before and after exhausting exercise in rats. AB - Rats were fed either 1 g of glycerol or 1 g of glucose following exercise to exhaustion. Glucose feeding resulted in a rapid increase in blood glucose, with attainment of peak hyperglycemia within 1 h and of peak muscle glycogen in about 2 h. Feeding 1 g of glycerol resulted in marked elevation of glycerol concentration in blood, liver, and muscle; the highest values, measured 1 h after glycerol feeding, ranged from 29 to 42 mumol/g tissue. Blood glucose and muscle glycogen increased slowly in the glycerol-fed rats and peaked much later than after glucose feeding. In perfused rat hindlimb muscles, negligible amounts of [14C]glycerol were incorporated into glycogen. These findings suggest that muscle is not able to utilize glycerol to a significant extent and that glucose derived from glycerol was the major substrate for muscle glycogen synthesis. Animals fed glycerol before a run to exhaustion were able to exercise significantly longer than control rats (153 +/- 11 min vs. 116 +/- 6 min). The glycerol-fed rats depleted their muscle and liver glycogen stores less rapidly than the controls and were protected against development of hypoglycemia during the exercise. PMID- 7009532 TI - Salmonellosis in goats. AB - Three episodes of salmonellosis in goats were similar to the disease described in neonatal calves, 2- to 4-week-old calves, and adult cattle. However, bloody diarrhea so often associated with salmonellosis in other animals was not seen in any of the goats. Mortality was high despite fluid therapy and the use of antibiotics shown to be effective in vitro. The importance of specific etiologic diagnosis was emphasized, inasmuch as salmonellosis of goats can be confused with other, more common diseases and, though other measures can be used to treat or control these similar diseases, strict sanitation and management changes were the only means found to be effective in the control of caprine salmonellosis. PMID- 7009533 TI - Caprine dermatologic problems: a review. PMID- 7009534 TI - Aspects of genetics and disease in the horse. AB - Dead or deformed foals produced by purebred parents represent an economic and emotional loss to the horse breeder. To avoid repeating production of such defective foals, the breeder may seek assistance in identifying the possible environmental or genetic causes for such animals. Only a few genetic diseases of the horse have been rigorously defined. Selected rare genetic diseases that prevent reproduction, cause the natural death or necessitate the humane destruction of a foal before it fulfills its intended purpose serve as examples for the definition of genetics of other deleterious diseases in the horse. PMID- 7009535 TI - Bacterial filamentation and in vivo efficacy: a comparison of several cephalosporins. PMID- 7009536 TI - Analytical methods for sulfonamides in foods and feeds. I. Review of methodology. PMID- 7009538 TI - [The radiological diagnosis of a gastro-intestinal hemorrhage of uncommon origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009537 TI - Prolactin--I (first of two parts). PMID- 7009540 TI - Morphogenesis of the bacterial division septum: identification of potential sites of division in lkyD mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - It previously has been shown that lkyD mutants of Salmonella typhimurium form large blebs of outer membrane over the septal and polar regions of dividing cells. To determine whether the outer membrane blebs are formed over potential sites of division even in the absence of septal ingrowth, lkyD strains were studied under conditions in which ingrowth of inner membrane and murein was prevented by inactivation of the envA gene product. In aseptate filaments of the LkyD EnvA strain, outer membrane blebs occurred with the usual frequency and were preferentially located over regions where new septa were formed when cell division was subsequently permitted to resume. The results indicate that the outer membrane blebs of the LkyD strain are markers for potential sites of cell division, implying that an alteration in association of outer membrane and murein exists in these sites before the initiation of septal ingrowth. This localized change in cell envelope organization is independent of the septation-inducing effects of the envA gene product. PMID- 7009541 TI - Ultraviolet light induction of recA protein in a recB uvrB mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - Full and persistent ultraviolet light induction of recA protein with minimal bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid degradation implicates blocked replication sites rather than degradation products as the inducing signals. PMID- 7009539 TI - Transmission-scanning electron microscopic observations of selected Eikenella corrodens strains. AB - The morphology of Eikenella corrodens 333/54-55 (ATCC 23834) and two human periodontal lesion isolates, strains 470 and 373, was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All strains exhibited a cell envelope characteristic of gram-negative bacteria. Staining with ruthenium red and alcian blue revealed a loosely organized fibrous slime layer associated with the outer surface of the outer membrane. Slime "stabilization" was achieved by incubation of cells with antisera prepared against whole cells of the Eikenella strains. The stabilized slime appeared as a thick, electron-opaque layer juxtaposed to the outer membrane. Negative staining and heavy metal shadow-casting revealed an interwoven network of fibrils approximately 4 nm in diameter. These fibrils appeared to represent subunits of a larger fibril. Scanning electron microscopy after antibody slime stabilization confirmed the presence and location of the slime layer. PMID- 7009542 TI - Chromosomal rearrangements induced by temperate bacteriophage D108. AB - As previously shown for mutator phage Mu-1, to which it is closely related, temperate bacteriophage D108 induces chromosomal rearrangements (replicon fusion and transposition of chromosomal segments) in its host genome. PMID- 7009543 TI - Role of recBC nuclease in Escherichia coli transformation. AB - In Escherichia coli transformation with linear donor deoxyribonucleic acid, the recBC pathway is functional, but genetic analysis shows that the recBC nuclease is deleterious to linear deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7009544 TI - Runaway replication of plasmid R1 is not caused by loss of replication inhibitor activity of gene cop. AB - The replication control functions of a mutant of plasmid R1 that replicates without control at temperatures above 35 degrees C have been analyzed. Although the mutations have not been mapped precisely, the data indicate that the gene (cop) previously identified on the wild-type plasmid (S. Molin and K. Nordstrom, J. Bacteriol. 141:111-120, 1980) as being responsible for expressing a trans acting replication inhibitor, as well as for incompatibility of plasmid R1, is not affected in this mutant. Thus, the conditional lack of replication control observed in this plasmid mutant presumably is not caused by the loss of inhibitor activity of the cop gene. PMID- 7009545 TI - Functional analysis of minichromosome replication: bidirectional and unidirectional replication from the Escherichia coli replication origin, oriC. AB - Replicating molecules of minichromosomes pCM959 and pOC24 were analyzed by electron microscopy. Replication of pCM959 proceeded bidirectionally from the replication origin, oriC, in about 60% of the molecules; the rest of the molecules replicated unidirectionally in either direction. pOC24, in which deoxyribonucleic acid to the right (clockwise) of the oriC segment is deleted, seemed to replicate predominantly unidirectionally counterclockwise from oriC. PMID- 7009546 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate leakage does not cause abortive infection of bacteriophage T7 in male Escherichia coli. AB - galU and rpsL mutations restore plating efficiency of bacteriophage T7 in male Escherichia coli without suppressing leakage of adenosine 5'-triphosphate pools. PMID- 7009547 TI - Protein synthesis results in guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate synthesis in Escherichia coli minicells. AB - Minicells of Escherichia coli DS410 synthesized guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3' diphosphate and guanosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate when synthesizing proteins in response to phage T7 infection. The guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3' diphosphate synthesis was found to be relA+ dependent and inhibited by chloramphenicol. PMID- 7009548 TI - Separation of peptide transport and hydrolysis in trimethionine uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 139 hydrolyzed amino acid-p-nitroanilide by an activity similar to that of aminopeptidase II, as well-characterized external peptidase in yeast. In contrast, trimethionine, a model peptide used in transport assays, was not hydrolyzed by this aminopeptidase II-like activity, and the peptidase activity toward this substrate was localized in the soluble fraction of the yeast. We conclude that this tripeptide is taken up by S. cerevisiae intact and rapidly hydrolyzed inside the cell. PMID- 7009549 TI - Functional relationship between parts of the replication region of plasmid ColE1. AB - The inhibition of plasmid ColE1 replication caused by a deletion of the ColE1 plasmid replication origin has been previously reported (T. Hashimoto-Gotoh and J. Inselburg, J. Bacteriol. 139:597-619). Evidence is presented showing that restoration of the deleted nucleotide sequence in the precise relationship it normally has to the rest of the replication region is essential for restoration of ColE1 replication capability to the deletion mutant. PMID- 7009550 TI - Spontaneous emergence of an Hfr strain with a cit plasmid from natural isolates of citrate-positive Escherichia coli bovine origin. AB - From citrate-utilizing (Cit+) Escherichia coli strain C53 of bovine origin, strains C53A and C53B were obtained. Upon mating with recA+ but not with recA mutant recipients of K-12, C53A produced chromosomal recombinants at quite high frequencies, leading to the following conclusions: (i) C53A is an Hfr strain; (ii) the site of integration of the Cit plasmid (IncH1) is between metA (89 min) and ara (1 min); (iii) the direction of chromosome transfer is clockwise; and (iv) the plasmid-associated determinants are transferred as the terminal markers. A transductant of a dnaA(Ts) strain, CRT46, which acquired Cit determinants from a recombinant, SG13, was also an Hfr strain similar to SG13, and thermoresistant due to suppressive integration. On the other hand, unstable C53B did not produce recombinants, but the frequency of RecA-independent transfer of the Cit plasmid was high, indicating that the Cit plasmid (IncH1) exists autonomously in C53B. Attempts to isolate an Hfr strain from C53B failed. PMID- 7009551 TI - pKJ1, a naturally occurring conjugative plasmid coding for toluene degradation and resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. AB - Pseudomonas sp. TA8 isolated by m-toluate enrichment from an aqueous sample metabolized toluene and m- and p-xylenes via the meta cleavage pathway, and manifested specific resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. A variety of experiments revealed that the pKJ1 plasmid of about 150 megadaltons carried by TA8 specified both the toluene and xylene degradative function (the Tol function) and streptomycin/sulfonamide resistance. The deletion of a segment of pKJ1 (about 22 megadaltons) resulted in the loss of the Tol function. pKJ1 was not assigned to Pseudomonas incompatibility group P-1, P-2, P-3, or P-9. PMID- 7009552 TI - Construction and characterization of hybrid plasmids containing the Escherichia coli nrd region. AB - Recombinant plasmids containing all or part of the genetic region of Escherichia coli coding for the two subunits of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (proteins B1 and B2) were constructed with the aid of the multicopy plasmid pBR322. Two of these plasmids (pPS1 and pPS2) appeared to carry both a regulator and the complete structural information for the enzyme and, after transformation of E. coli, directed a 10- to 20-fold overproduction of both proteins B1 and B2. The other plasmids (pPS101 and pPS201) carried structural information for only protein B2. Cells carrying pPS1 and pPS2 showed a 5- to 500-fold increased resistance against the drug hydroxyurea. This establishes that in E. coli the inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by hydroxyurea is fully explained by its action on ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 7009553 TI - Reversal by trypsin of the inhibition of active transport by colicin E1. AB - The time course for inhibition of proline transport and irreversible loss of cell viability after treatment with colicin E1 was measured as a function of temperature between 13 and 33 degrees C, using a thermostatted flow dialysis system. Complete inhibition of proline transport at 33 and 13 degrees C occurred in 0.5 min and 3 to 5 min, respectively, after addition of colicin E1 at an effective multiplicity of about 4. At these times, the fractional cell survival, assayed by dilution directly from the flow dialysis vessel into trypsin, ranged from 35 to 80%, with viability always greater than 50% at the lower incubation temperatures. Further studies were carried out at 15 degrees C. Complete inhibition of proline transport, which required 2 to 3 min, occurred much more rapidly at 15 degrees C than did the decay of trypsin rescue, which required 10 to 15 min to reach a survival level of 10 to 20%. The direct addition of trypsin to the flow dialysis vessel, after an addition of colicin E1 that caused complete inhibition of proline or glutamine transport, resulted in restoration of net transport. The restored level was typically about 40% of the control rate, and was very similar to the fractional cell viability measured after incubation in trypsin in the same vessel. It is concluded that trypsin can restore active transport to a significant fraction of a cell population in which transport has been initially inhibited by colicin E1. PMID- 7009554 TI - Alterations in translatable ribonucleic acid after heat shock of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Changes in populations of translatable messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA's) after heat shock of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined and found to correlate very closely with transient alterations in patterns of in vivo protein synthesis. Initial changes included an increase in translatable species coding for polypeptides synthesized during heat shock; this increase was found to be dependent on transcription but did not require ongoing protein synthesis. A decrease was observed in the level of translatable mRNA's coding for polypeptides whose synthesis was repressed after heat shock. This decrease was much more rapid than can be explained solely by termination of transcription. Requirements for this rapid loss of RNA from the translatable pool included both transcription and an active rna1 gene product but not protein synthesis. After the initial changes in translatable RNA induced by heat shock, the patterns of both in vivo and in vitro translation products began to revert to the preshock levels. This recovery period, unlike the earlier changes, was dependent upon a requisite period of protein synthesis. PMID- 7009558 TI - Polyprenyl p-hydroxybenzoate carboxylase in flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium was found to require a functional pathway for ubiquinone biosynthesis as well as growth in the presence of appropriate carboxylic acids. Induction of flagellation by carboxylic acids was shown to induce incorporation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid into polyprenylphenol. Constitutive flagellation was found to correlate with constitutive incorporation of p hydroxybenzoic acid into polyprenylphenol. A novel pathway for polyprenyl p hydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylation to polyprenylphenol was implicated in flagellation of S. typhimurium. PMID- 7009556 TI - Continuous monitoring, by mass spectrometry, of H2 production and recycling in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Hydrogen evolution and consumption by cell and chromatophore suspensions of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was measured with a sensitive and specific mass spectrometric technique which directly monitors dissolved gases. H2 production by nitrogenase was inhibited by acetylene and restored by carbon monoxide. An H2 evolution activity coupled with HD formation and D2 uptake (H-D exchange) was unaffected by C2H2 and CO. Cultures lacking nitrogenase activity also exhibited H-D exchange activity, which was catalyzed by a membrane bound hydrogenase present in the chromatophores of R. capsulata. A net hydrogen uptake, mediated by hydrogenase, was observed when electron acceptors such as CO2, O2, or ferricyanide were present in the medium. PMID- 7009555 TI - Synthesis of beta-glucanases during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: formation of a new, sporulation-specific 1,3-beta-glucanase. AB - A biphasic synthesis of 1,3-beta-glucanase occurred when cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AP-1 (a/alpha) were incubated in sporulation medium. The capacity to degrade laminarin increased very slowly during the first 7 h but at a much faster rate thereafter. Changes occurring during the first period were not sporulation specific since the moderate increase in activity against laminarin was insensitive to glutamine and hydroxyurea and also took place in the nonsporulating strain S. cerevisiae AP-1 (alpha/alpha). However, the changes taking place after 7 h must be included in the group of sporulation-specific events since they were inhibited by glucose, glutamine, and hydroxyurea and did not occur in the nonsporulating diploid. Consequently, only when the cells had been incubated for at least 7 h in sporulation medium did full induction of activity against laminarin take place upon shift to a medium which favored vegetative growth. Changes in the relative proportions of the vegetative glucanases, namely, endo- and exo-1,3-beta-glucanase, and the formation of a new sporulation-specific 1,3-beta-glucanase account for the observed events and are the consequence of the expression of the sporulation program. PMID- 7009557 TI - Ubiquinone synthetic pathway in flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium was found to require a functional pathway for ubiquinone synthesis as well as growth in the presence of aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids. Selection for constitutive flagellation eliminated the requirement for growth in the presence of added carboxylic acids. PMID- 7009559 TI - Cloning of deoxyribonucleic acid regions encoding a heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin originating from an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain of human origin. AB - A heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin (LT+ ST+) plasmic (62.7 kilobases in size) was isolated from an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli human strain, H10407, and used for analysis of the LT+ and ST+ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) regions. A DNA segment containing the LT+ and ST+ DNA regions, which consisted of two restriction endonuclease EcoRI fragments (E1 and E2), was inserted into the cloning vehicle ColE1::Tn5 by EcoRI digestion and subsequent ligation. Further cloning experiments localized the LT+ DNA region on a 5.1-kilobase restriction endonuclease PstI fragment present over the junction between the E1 and E2 fragments, as seen in the original LT+ ST+ plasmid, and the ST+ DNA region on a 1.5-kilobase PstI fragment present in either the E1 or E2 fragment. A change in the relative orientation of the E1 and E2 fragments resulted in altered levels of LT production. The relative orientation of the ColE1::Tn5 fragment to the E1 and E2 fragments also markedly influenced both LT and ST production levels. The LT+ ST+ E1-E2 region contained two unique DNA sequences consisting of a DNA segment flanked by inverted repeats which were readily distinguished from each other by size. The cloned ST+ PstI fragment was structurally very similar to one of these unique DNA sequences present in the LT+ ST+ E1-E2 region. PMID- 7009561 TI - Elevated levels of glyoxylate shunt enzymes in Escherichia coli strains constitutive for fatty acid degradation. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 constitutive for the synthesis of the enzymes of fatty acid degradation (fadR) have elevated levels of the glyoxylate shunt enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. A temperature-sensitive fadR strain has high levels of glyoxylate shunt enzymes when grown at elevated temperatures but has low, inducible levels of glyoxylate shunt enzymes when grown at low temperatures. The increased activity of glyoxylate shunt enzymes did not appear to be due to the degradation of intracellular fatty acids in fadR strains or differences in allosteric effectors in fadR versus fadR+ strains. These studies suggest that the fadR gene product may be involved in the regulation of the glyoxylate operon. PMID- 7009560 TI - Levels of acid-soluble polyphosphate in growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Short-chain acid-soluble polyphosphates were extracted from growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the changes in the levels of these compounds were determined. The production of acid-soluble polyphosphates correlated with the mitochondrial activities since it occurred in two bursts in respiration-competent yeast cells and in only one burst in respiration-deficient yeast cells. The possible role of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 7009563 TI - Microcalorimetric study of Escherichia coli aerobic growth: theoretical aspects of growth on succinic acid. AB - Two methods of investigation were used to evaluate the heat quantity associated with anabolic processes (qan) during the aerobic growth of Escherichia coli in a minimal medium containing succinic acid as the sole energy and carbon source. The study of the contribution of biosynthetic reactions from succinic acid and ammonia were investigated by both methods. The two qan values obtained were in excellent agreement and were found to be significant. Thus it was demonstrated that the contribution of anabolism strongly influenced the quantity of heat associated with microbial aerobic growth. The qan calculated as above explained the experimental enthalpy change which was recently reported. PMID- 7009562 TI - Regulation of fatty acid degradation in Escherichia coli: dominance studies with strains merodiploid in gene fadR. AB - Strains stably merodiploid in the 25-min region of the chromosome of Escherichia coli were constructed and used in dominance tests between various wild-type and mutant alleles of the fadR gene. Whereas the monoploid fadR+ and fadR strains were inducible and constitutive, respectively, for the enzymes involved in fatty acid degradation (fad), merodiploids with at least one fadR+ allele were inducible. This observation was true whether the fadR+ allele resided on the main chromosome or on the episome. These results show that fadR+ is trans dominant to fadR, and they are consistent with the proposal that the fadR gene product is a repressor protein. Complementation tests were also performed by constructing 24 merodiploids harboring fadR alleles on both the main chromosome and the episome. All of these fadR/fadR diploids were able to utilize the noninducing substrate decanoate as sole carbon source, suggesting that only one polypeptide is encoded by the fadR gene. PMID- 7009564 TI - Locations of the opp and supX genes of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - The chromosomal locations of the supX and opp loci of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and Escherichia coli K-12 were identified and found to result in the same gene sequence in both species, namely, pyrF-cysB-supX-trpPOLEDCBA-tonB(chr)-opp. These results differ from a previously reported location of the opp gene on the E. coli chromosome. Evidence indicates that the opp gene lies between chr(tonB) and galU in S. typhimurium. PMID- 7009565 TI - Regulation of nitrogen utilization of hisT mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutations in the hisT gene of Salmonella typhimurium alter pseudouridine synthetase I, the enzyme that modifies two uridines in the anticodon loop of numerous transfer ribonucleic acid species. We have examined two strains carrying different hisT mutations for their ability to grow on a variety of nitrogen sources. The hisT mutants grew more rapidly than did hisT+ strains with either arginine or proline as the nitrogen source and glucose as the carbon source. The hisT mutations were transduced into new strains to show that these growth properties were due to the hisT mutations. The hisT mutations did not influence the growth of mutants having altered glutamine synthetase regulation. Assays of the three primary ammonia-assimilatory enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase, showed that glutamate synthase activities were lower in hisT mutants than in isogenic hisT+ controls; however, the glutamate dehydrogenase activity was about threefold higher in the hisT strains grown in glucose-arginine medium. The results suggest that the controls for enzyme synthesis for nitrogen utilization respond either directly or indirectly to transfer ribonucleic acid species affected by the hisT mutation. PMID- 7009567 TI - Pleiotropic effects of alkaline phosphatase regulatory mutations phoB and phoT on anaerobic growth of and polyphosphate synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The appearance during anaerobiosis of spontaneous phoT phoB double mutants in a phoT background is described. During both exponential growth and stationary phase, selection against the phoT mutants relative to the wild type was evident. This reduction in viability of phoT mutants was suppressed in phoT phoB double mutants. Sensitivity to anaerobiosis was shown to be correlated with polyphosphate overproduction. A possible pleiotropic function of phoT and phoB is suggested. PMID- 7009568 TI - Properties of polyadenylate-associated ribonucleic acid from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores. AB - Bulk ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from mechanically disrupted ascospores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After two passes over an oligo (dT10) cellulose column, the portion which bound, called poly(A)(+), was characterized. It is heterodisperse in size with a mean molecular weight of approximately 4 X 10(5), but contains some species as large as 7 X 10(5). The base composition is similar to vegetative poly(A)(+) RNA. The polyadenylate segment is also heterogenous in size, ranging from 90 to 20 bases in length, with a peak at approximately 60 nucleotides in length. Pulse-labeling of asci with [3H-methyl]methionine yields two "caps," 7-methyl guanosine-5'-triphosphoryl-5'-adenosine (or guanosine) identical to that found in vegetative poly(A)(+) RNA. The poly(A)(+) RNA in spores is found in polyribosomes which are, on the average, smaller than vegetative ones. Long-term labeling studies indicate that the fraction of poly(A)(+) RNA in spores is similar to that in vegetative cells. PMID- 7009569 TI - Large plasmids of fast-growing rhizobia: homology studies and location of structural nitrogen fixation (nif) genes. AB - A single large plasmid was isolated from multiplasmid-harboring strains Rhizobium leguminosarum 1001 and R. trifolii 5. These single plasmids, as well as the largest plasmid detectable in R. phaseoli 3622, hybridized with part of the nif structural genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In contrast, the plasmids of R. meliloti strains V7 and L5-30 did not show hybridization with the nif genes of K. pneumoniae, indicating that these genes might be located either on the chromosome or on a much larger plasmid which as yet has not been isolated. Studies of the homology between plasmids of fast-growing Rhizobium species showed that a specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, which carries the structural genes for nitrogenase, is highly conserved on a plasmid in R. leguminosarum, R. trifolii, and R. phaseoli. Furthermore, it was found that this type of plasmid in the different species shares extensive deoxyribonucleic acid homology, suggesting that strains in the R. leguminosarum cluster have preserved a nif plasmid. PMID- 7009566 TI - Major heat-modifiable outer membrane protein in gram-negative bacteria: comparison with the ompA protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The outer membranes of several strains of Escherichia coli, other enteric bacteria, and a variety of nonenteric gram-negative bacteria all contain a major heat-modifiable protein similar to the OmpA protein of E. coli K-12. The heat modifiable proteins from these bacteria resemble the K-12 protein in molecular weight, in preferential release from the outer membrane by sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of Mg2+, and in characteristic cleavage by proteases to yield a smaller fragment which remains membrane bound. Antiserum directed against the K 12 protein precipitated the heat-modifiable protein from all strains of Enterobacteriaceae, and chemical comparison by isoelectric focusing, cyanogen bromide cleavage profiles, and proteolytic peptide analysis indicated that the proteins from the various enteric bacteria were nearly identical in primary structure. The heat-modifiable proteins from bacteria phylogenically distant from E. coli shared many of the properties of the E. coli protein but were chemically distinct. Thus, it appears that the structure (and, presumably, the function) of the heat-modifiable protein of gram-negative bacteria is strongly conserved during evolution. PMID- 7009570 TI - Molecular cloning of TOL genes xylB and xylE in Escherichia coli. AB - The xylB and xylE genes in the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida mt-2, which code for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-oxygenase, respectively, were cloned onto plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli for detailed mapping. The xylB gene was mapped in a 2.9-kilobase region within the BamHI BC fragment of pTN2, an in vivo RP4-TOL recombinant, whereas the xylE gene was mapped in a 1.8-kilobase region within the BamHI BD fragment. The directions of transcription of these genes were deduced from the expression of the cloned genes which had been ligated in orientations opposite pBR322 at its BamHI site within the tetracycline resistance gene. The xylB and xylE genes are inducible by a specific inducer of the TOL pathway genes in the RP4-TOL recombinant, whereas they are not inducible in the pBR322-TOL hybrids. The regulatory regions involved in expression of the xylB and xylE genes do not appear to be located in the vicinity of the structural genes. Catechol 2,3-oxygenase formed in E. coli carrying an xylE-containing plasmid is similar, or identical, to that formed in P. putida carrying the TOL plasmid. PMID- 7009571 TI - Change in intracellular pH of Escherichia coli mediates the chemotactic response to certain attractants and repellents. AB - Changes in the membrane potential, pH gradient, proton motive force, and intracellular pH of Escherichia coli were followed during the chemotactic responses to a variety of potentially membrane-active compounds. Lipophilic weak acids, decreases in extracellular pH, and nigericin each caused a repellent response. Lipophilic weak bases, increases in extracellular pH, and valinomycin in the presence of K+ each caused an attractant response. Changes in membrane potential, pH gradient, and proton motive force did not correlate with the behavioral responses to these treatments, but changes in intracellular pH did correlate. Furthermore, the strength of the response to a weak acid was correlated with the magnitude of the change of the intracellular pH, and many compounds which could alter the intracellular pH were found to be chemotactically active. Apparently these attractants and repellents are not detected by specific chemoreceptors but rather are detected via the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in intracellular pH. The pathway of sensory transduction which proceeds through methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I was found to be involved in the response to a change in intracellular pH. PMID- 7009573 TI - Growth rate-dependent control of chromosome replication initiation in Escherichia coli. AB - The initiation mass, defined as cell mass per origin of deoxyribonucleic acid replication (optical density units at 460 nm of culture/origins per milliliter of culture), reflects the intracellular concentration or activity of a hypothetical factor that controls initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria. In Escherichia coli B/r, the initiation mass was found to increase about twofold with increasing growth rate between 0.6 and 1.6 doublings per h; at higher growth rates it remained essentially constant (measured up to 2.4 doublings per h). A low-thymine-requiring (thyA deoB) derivative of E. coli B/r, strain TJK16, was found to have a 60 to 80% greater initiation mass than B/r which was independent of the replication velocity and not related to the thyA and deoB mutations. It is suggested that TJK16 had acquired, during its isolation, a mutation in a gene affecting the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. The initiation age was not altered by this mutation, but other parameters, including deoxyribonucleic acid concentration and cell size, were changed in comparison with the B/r parent, as expected from theoretical considerations. PMID- 7009572 TI - Cytoplasmic pH mediates pH taxis and weak-acid repellent taxis of bacteria. AB - Bacteria migrate away from an acid pH and from a number of chemicals, including organic acids such as acetate; the basis for detection of these environmental cues has not been demonstrated. Membrane-permeant weak acids caused prolonged tumbling when added to Salmonella sp. or Escherichia coli cells at pH 5.5. Tethered Salmonella cells went from a prestimulus behavior of 14% clockwise rotation to 80% clockwise rotation when 40 mM acetate was added and remained this way for more than 30 min. A low external pH in the absence of weak acid did not markedly affect steady-state tumbling frequency. Among the weak acids tested, the rank for acidity (salicylate greater than benzoate greater than acetate greater than 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione) was the same as the rank for the ability to collapse the transmembrane pH gradient and to cause tumbling. At pH 7.0, the tumbling responses caused by the weak acids were much briefer. Indole, a non-weak acid repellent, did not cause prolonged tumbling at low pH. Two chemotaxis mutants (a Salmonella mutant defective in the chemotaxis methylesterase and an E. coli mutant defective in the methyl-accepting protein in MCP I) showed inverse responses of enhanced counterclockwise rotation in the first 1 min after acetate addition. The latter mutant had been found previously to be defective in the sensing of gradients of extracellular pH and (at neutral pH) of acetate. We conclude (i) that taxes away from acid pH and membrane-permeant weak acids are both mediated by a pH-sensitive component located either in the cytoplasm or on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, rather than by an external receptor (as in the case of the attractants), and (ii) that both of these taxes involve components of the chemotaxis methylation system, at least in the early phase of the response. PMID- 7009574 TI - Genetic and physiological characterization of a spontaneous mutant of Escherichia coli B/r with aberrant control of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. AB - Strain TJK16, a low-thymine-requiring thyA deoB derivative of Escherichia coli B/r A, was found to have an increased initiation mass due to a mutation in a gene affecting the control of initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. In contrast to temperature-sensitive initiation mutants, initiation in TJK16 was not temperature sensitive. By phage P1 transduction, it was found that the mutation lies within a small region of the chromosome between dnaA and gyrB; this region includes dnaN and recF. Coumermycin-resistant derivatives of B/r and TJK16 had the same initiation mass as their coumermycin-sensitive parents, and TJK16 had the same sensitivity to coumermycin as the B/r parent, suggesting that the initiation mutation is not in gyrB. PMID- 7009576 TI - Topographical distribution of penicillin-binding proteins in the Escherichia coli membrane. AB - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) found in the membranes of Escherichia coli X925 minicells (primarily cell ends or septa) were compared with those found in rod-shaped cells (primarily sidewalls) in an effort to determine whether certain PBPs are unevenly distributed over the bacterial cell membrane. The seven major PBPs of E. coli were all present in minicell membranes. PBP 1B was altered in minicells, however, appearing as two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels rather than the usual three. PBP 2, which is needed for longitudinal growth of the cell but not for septum formation, was significantly reduced in minicell membranes. This observation is consistent with the fact that minicells contain very little sidewall material and raises the possibility that the specialized function of PBP 2 may be determined or regulated by its uneven topographical distribution in the membrane. None of the PBPs appeared to be selectively enriched in minicell membranes. PMID- 7009575 TI - Genetic and physiological tests of three phosphate-specific transport mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Phosphate-specific transport system mutations phoT35, pst-2, and phoS25-(Am) were mapped between bgl and glmS, at about 83 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome. All three mutations were recessive to wild-type genes on transducing bacteriophage lambda asn. The phoS25 (Am) and pst-2 mutations were also recessive to transducing phage lambda dglm; however, the phoT35 mutation was not. This suggests that phoT35 lies in a different complementation group from phoS25 (Am) or pst-2. Isogenic series of strains carrying these mutations were constructed in two genetic backgrounds, pit+ (wild type) and pit (relying entirely on the phosphate-specific transport system for phosphate uptake). The pst-2 pit double mutant was incapable of Pi utilization, but the phoT35 pit double mutant exhibited no such deficiency. PMID- 7009577 TI - Resolution of distinct selenium-containing formate dehydrogenases from Escherichia coli. AB - Formate dehydrogenase, a component activity of two alternative electron transport pathways in anaerobic Escherichia coli, has been resolved as two distinguishable enzymes. One, which was induced with nitrate reductase as a component of the formate-nitrate reductase pathway, utilized phenazine methosulfate (PMS) in preference to benzyl viologen (BV) as an artificial electron acceptor and appeared to be exclusively membrane-bound. A second formate dehydrogenase, which was induced as a component of the formate hydrogenlyase pathway, appeared to exist both as a membrane-bound form and as a cytoplasmic enzyme; the cytoplasmic activity was resolved completely from the PMS-linked activity on a sucrose gradient. When E. coli was grown in the presence of 75Se-selenite, a 110,000 dalton selenopeptide, previously shown to be a component of the PMS-linked enzyme, was induced and repressed with this activity. In contrast, an 80,000 dalton selenopeptide was induced and repressed with the BV-linked activity and exhibited a distribution similar to the BV-linked formate dehydrogenase in cell fractions and in sucrose gradients. The results indicate that the two formate dehydrogenases are distinguishable on the basis of their artificial electron acceptor specificity, their cellular localization, and the size of their respective selenoprotein components. PMID- 7009579 TI - Rifampin resistance mutations that alter the efficiency of transcription termination at the tryptophan operon attenuator. AB - Rifampin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated which had altered patterns of resistance or sensitivity to the inhibitory compounds 5 methyltryptophan and 5-methylanthranilate. The levels of tryptophan (trp) operon polypeptides in different rifampin-resistant mutants were elevated or reduced, in a manner consistent with their sensitivity to the two analogs. Complementation tests established that the mutations were in rpoB, the structural gene for the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase. Introduction of these rpoB mutations into mutant strains which terminate transcription abnormally at the trp operon attenuator established that the rpoB mutations alter trp operon expression by increasing or decreasing transcription termination at the attenuator. The rpoB mutations affected transcription termination at the attenuator only in strains which were able to form what is thought to be a ribonucleic acid termination structure. These findings suggest that alteration of the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase directly or indirectly affects ribonucleic acid polymerase's recognition of the transcription termination signal at the trp operon attenuator. PMID- 7009578 TI - Corresponding changes in kynurenine hydroxylase activity, membrane fluidity, and sterol composition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. AB - The effect of sterol composition on the properties of the mitochondrial membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The physical state of mitochondrial membranes from wild-type strains and sterol mutants was compared, using a fluorescence polarization technique with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3-5-hexatriene. Changes in the rate of depolarization of the probe molecule as a function of temperature suggest the occurrence of a phase transition in the mitochondrial membranes isolated from the sterol mutants but not in the membranes isolated from the wild types. Arrhenius kinetics of the mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme L-kynurenine 3-hydroxylase exhibited changes in activation energy at temperatures similar to those observed in the fluorescence polarization study. The ratio of mitochondrial sterol to phospholipid and the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the organisms were characterized. PMID- 7009580 TI - Timing of ribosome synthesis during ascosporogenesis of yeast cells: evidence for early function of haploid daughter genomes. AB - During meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the recessive genetic marker for cycloheximide resistance, believed to be due to an altered ribosomal protein (C. S. McLaughlin, p. 815-827, in M. Nomura et al., ed., Ribosomes, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), is expressed as early as meiosis II. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis peaks near the time that cycloheximide resistance begins to appear. Less than 25% of the 17S and 25S ribonucleic acid of the vegetative cells persists in spores, but pulse-labeling studies indicate that greater than 90% of the stable ribonucleic acid made after 6 h survives in spores. These results indicate that the haploid daughter genomes begin to function near the time of meiosis II. PMID- 7009581 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of periplasmic-leaky mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Periplasmic-leaky mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated after nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis. They released periplasmic enzymes into the extracellular medium. Excretion of alkaline phosphatase, which started immediately in the early exponential phase of growth, could reach up to 90% of the total enzyme production in the stationary phase. Leaky mutants were sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cholic acid, and the antibiotics rifampin, chloramphenicol, mitomycin C, and ampicillin. Furthermore, they were resistant to colicin E1 and partially resistant to phage TuLa. Their genetic characterization showed that the lky mutations mapped between the suc and gal markers, near or in the tolPAB locus. A biochemical analysis of cell envelope components showed that periplasmic-leaky mutants contained reduced amounts of major outer membrane protein OmpF and increased amounts of a 16,000-dalton outer membrane protein. PMID- 7009582 TI - Subcellular compartmentation in control of converging pathways for proline and arginine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Enzymes of proline biosynthesis and proline degradation which act on the same compound, delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, are physically separated in yeast cells. The enzyme responsible for the final step in proline biosynthesis, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, converts pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline and is located in the cytoplasm. The last enzyme in the proline degradative pathway, pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, converts pyrroline-5-carboxylate to glutamate and is found in the particulate fraction of the cell, presumably in the mitochondrion. By subcellular compartmentation, yeast cells avoid futile cycling between proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylate. PMID- 7009583 TI - Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. AB - Procedures are described for the detection and isolation of plasmids of various sizes (2.6 to 350 megadaltons) that are harbored in species of Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Escherichia, Salmonella, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas. The method utilized the molecular characteristics of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is released from cells under conditions that denature chromosomal DNA by using alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 12.6) at elevated temperatures. Proteins and cell debris were removed by extraction with phenol-chloroform. Under these conditions chromosomal DNA concentrations were reduced or eliminated. The clarified extract was used directly for electrophoretic analysis. These procedures also permitted the selective isolation of plasmid DNA that can be used directly in nick translation, restriction endonuclease analysis, transformation, and DNA cloning experiments. PMID- 7009585 TI - Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer modification of Escherichia coli outer membrane permeability. AB - The effect of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer on outer membrane permeability was examined in a smooth strain (D280) and in a heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide strain (F515) of Escherichia coli O8. Tris buffer (pH 8.00) was found to increase outer membrane permeability on the basis of an increased Vo of whole-cell alkaline phosphatase activity and on the basis of sensitivity to lysozyme and altered localization pattern of alkaline phosphatase. The Tris buffer-mediated increase in outer membrane permeability was found to be dependent upon the extent of exposure to and concentration of the Tris buffer. The Tris buffer effects were demonstrated not to be due to allosteric activation of cell associated alkaline phosphatase and were specific for Tris buffer. Exposure of cells to Tris resulted in the release of a limited amount of cell envelope component. Investigators utilizing Tris buffer are cautioned that Tris is not physiologically inert and that it may interact with the system under investigation. PMID- 7009584 TI - Citrate-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-mediated release of outer membrane sections from the cell envelope of a deep-rough (heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide) strain of Escherichia coli O8. AB - A heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide strain of Escherichia coli O8, strain F515, was found to release portions of its outer membrane when cells were exposed to 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 2.75) for 30 min and subsequently exposed to 100 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 8.00). The outer membrane component release was found to be composed of protein, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid (cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol), and alkaline phosphatase. The outer membrane component was released from the cell envelope in the absence of cell lysis, as no glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity or succinic dehydrogenase activity was detected. Morphologically, the outer membrane component appeared to consist of laminar fragments and vesicles which had an associated alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 7009586 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in permeable and fully viable Escherichia coli cells. AB - Escherichia coli cells made permeable with a hypotonic tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer utilized exogenous deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to perform semiconservative replication. The rate of replication was the same as in cells made permeable with toluene or sucrose. PMID- 7009588 TI - Two succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases are induced when Escherichia coli K-12 Is grown on gamma-aminobutyrate. AB - When Escherichia coli K-12 was grown on gamma-aminobutyrate, a second succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dependent upon oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and distinct from that induced by gamma-aminobutyrate, was gratuitously induced by succinic semialdehyde. PMID- 7009587 TI - Curing of the 2 mu DNA plasmid from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The 2 mu DNA plasmid is often eliminated from yeast cells when they are transformed with the 2 mu DNA-LEU2-pMB9 composite plasmid pJDB219. Since pJDB219 is subsequently lost with high frequency, derivatives lacking all 2 mu DNA can be prepared from any strain. PMID- 7009589 TI - Complementation tests between alkaline phosphatase-constitutive mutants (phoS and phoT) of Escherichia coli. AB - Complementation tests between phoS and phoT mutations showed that they belong to the same cistron. Homozygosis of a heterozygotic partial diploid resulted from allelic transfer from the chromosome to the F' episome. PMID- 7009590 TI - Regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in an Escherichia coli mutant missing ribosomal protein L1. AB - In an Escherichia coli B strain missing ribosomal protein L1, the synthesis rate of L11 is 50% greater than that of other ribosomal proteins. This finding is in agreement with the previous conclusion that L1 regulates synthesis of itself and L11 and indicates that this regulation is important for maintaining the balanced synthesis of ribosomal proteins under physiological conditions. PMID- 7009591 TI - Repair of thermal damage to the Escherichia coli nucleoid. AB - The folded chromosome or nucleoid of Escherichia coli was analyzed by low-speed sedimentation in neutral sucrose gradients after heat treatment (30 min at 50 degrees C) and subsequent incubation of cells at 37 degrees C for various times. Heat treatment resulted in in vivo association of the nucleoids with cellular protein and in an increase in sedimentation coefficient. During incubation at 37 degrees C, a fraction of the nucleoids, from heated cells, because dissociated from cellular protein and regained their characteristic sedimentation coefficients. The percentage of nucleoids which returned to their control sedimentation position in the sucrose gradients corresponded to the percentage of cells able to repair thermal damage as assayed by enumeration on agar plates. PMID- 7009592 TI - Maprotiline versus imipramine and placebo in neurotic depression. AB - The antidepressant effect of maprotiline, a tetracyclic compound, was compared with that of imipramine in a four-week, double-blind, placebo controlled study with neurotic depressives. On all factors of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and on most items of the Zung Self-Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety, maprotiline appeared slightly more effective than imipramine and showed a faster onset of action. In addition, it appeared to cause fewer anticholinergic side effects. PMID- 7009593 TI - Double-blind comparison of alprazolam and diazepam for subchronic withdrawal from alcohol. AB - The efficacy and safety of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, alprazolam, was compared to diazepam in 46 alcoholics in a double-blind study. The drugs were administered for 21 days starting on the fifth day after the last drink. The mean optimal daily oral dose of alprazolam was 2.2 mg and of diazepam 20.2 mg given in a t.i.d. fashion. Alprazolam was as effective as diazepam in the relief of anxiety as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Physician's Global Impressions, Patient's Global Impressions, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Target Symptoms Record. At the end of the trial 95% of patients in both groups experienced moderate to marked therapeutic effect and felt much or very much better as compared to the start of the study. The number of side effects was similar in both groups and they were mostly described by patients as "mild". PMID- 7009594 TI - Hemoperfusion for chronic schizophrenia: preliminary psychiatric results. AB - Six patients with chronic schizophrenia unresponsive to accepted therapy were assigned randomly to receive as adjunctive therapy either (A) weekly coated charcoal hemoperfusion (CCHP) or (B) sham hemoperfusion (Sham HP) in a double blind study using two independent psychiatric raters. Four weeks of treatment suggested that (1) CCHP was associated with significant improvement in some psychiatric measures, (2) improvement was early in the treatment course, and (3) neither CCHP nor Sham-HP was associated with deterioration in any of the psychiatric measures. When one patient from each group was "crossed-over" to receive the opposite treatment these conclusions were supported. Further studies appear to be warranted. PMID- 7009597 TI - Pausing and termination of transcription within the early region of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. AB - The process of in vitro RNA chain elongation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase transcribing the early genetic region of T7 DNA has been studied using a quantitative RNA polymerase assay procedure together with analysis of nascent transcripts by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When transcription is initiated synchronously at the T7 A1 promoter, there is extensive pausing of elongating complexes at specific sites on the DNA as revealed by transient formation of discrete RNA bands detected by gel electrophoresis. This pausing is also signalled by the rapid loss of transcriptional synchrony among the population of elongating polymerase molecules. Although transcriptional pausing is more readily detected at low substrate concentrations, it is still prevalent, even at optimal substrate concentrations, and even at optimal substrate concentrations, RNA polymerase molecules are paused up to 70% of the time during in vitro elongation. Hence, pausing must be reduced substantially to obtain in vivo elongation rates. Transcriptional pause sites are numerous and are distributed throughout the T7 early region. They were not confined to intercistronic regions, nor do we detect strong pause sites located in these regions under a variety of conditions. Pause sites are heterogeneous as judged by differences in the efficiency with which they cause elongating polymerase molecules to pause and in the length of the resulting pause. RNA polymerase responds differently to certain of these sites in the presence of the transcriptional regulatory factors rho-protein and L-protein, raising the possibility that these sites play a role in transcriptional regulation in vivo. The sites at which rho-protein causes RNA chain release in the T7 early region appear to be pause sites. However, not all pause sites are rho release sites and this class includes some of the strongest pause sites. rho release sites are not coincident with the T7 intercistronic regions. PMID- 7009595 TI - L-Leucine activates branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in rat adipose tissue. AB - The activity of branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in extracts of adipose tissue was elevated after homogenization of tissue segments which had been incubated in buffer containing 0.3 mM leucine. A maximum increase (4-fold) was observed in extracts of tissues incubated in buffer containing 2.5 mM leucine, alpha-Ketoisocaproate and leucine caused maximum increases which were of similar magnitude and which required the same length of incubation of the tissue segments (5 to 15 min). The effect of leucine on branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase activity was observed both in the presence and absence of insulin, which also increased the activity of the enzyme in tissue extracts. Intact adipose tissue segments oxidized [I-14C]leucine at a maximum rate approximately 4 times that of [1-(14)C]valine. The rate of valine oxidation by intact tissue segments was doubled by addition of 0.2 to 0.5 mM unlabeled leucine, but not isoleucine, to medium containing 2 mM [1-(14)C]valine. Leucine, but not valine, also stimulated the rate of oxidation of 2 mM [U-14C]isoleucine by intact tissue segments. These results suggest that branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase activity, which is thought to limit the rate of branched chain amino acid oxidation in adipose tissue, may be sensitive to changes in the concentration of leucine in rat blood. PMID- 7009596 TI - Molecular properties of acyl carrier protein derivatives. AB - Acyl carrier protein (ACPSH) functions as the acyl carrier in fatty acid biosynthesis. The acyl moieties are bound to the sole sulfhydryl of the protein located on the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. Disulfide-linked dimers of ACPSH were formed by the reaction of ACPSH with acyl-ACP or the mixed disulfide of ACPSH and thionitrobenzoate. The formation of ACP dimers was established by electrophoresis, gel filtration, and sedimentation equilibrium. ACP purified from stationary phase Escherichia coli B cells was found to exist primarily as a mixed disulfide with glutathione. This species was identified by gel electrophoresis amino acid analysis and 31P NMR spectroscopy. A non-denaturing gel electrophoresis system was developed that allows the comparison of the effects of various protein and sulfhydryl modifications on the stability of the ACP protein moiety to pH-induced denaturation. In general, attachment of hydrophilic ligands to the sulfhydryl of ACPSH resulted in less stable protein structures whereas the presence of a hydrophobic thioester resulted in stabilization of the protein conformation. The less stable ACP structures were found to have 31P NMR chemical shifts displaced downfield from ACPSH and the more stable acyl-ACP derivatives were found to have chemical shifts displaced upfield from ACPSH. PMID- 7009598 TI - A direct effect of guanosine tetraphosphate on pausing of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase during RNA chain elongation. AB - The effect of the regulatory nucleotide ppGpp on transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro has been studied using bacteriophage T7 and T3 DNAs as templates. We have previously described the development of transcriptional test systems using these templates that can sensitively detect changes in promotor or terminator recognition of an RNA polymerase (Wiggs, J.L., Bush, J.W., and Chamberlin, M.J. (1979) Cell 16, 97-109) or changes in the rate of any of the major steps of the transcription cycle (Chamberlin, M.J., Nierman, W.C., Wiggs, J.L., and Neff, N. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10061-10069). Using these procedures we fail to detect any substantial alteration by ppGpp of the normal interaction of E. coli RNA polymerase with the several T7 major and minor promoter sites or of the rate of productive RNA chain initiation at either T7 promoter A1 (ATP start) or A2 (GTP start). However, at physiologically relevant concentrations (KI approximately 50 microM), ppGpp significantly lowers the overall elongation rate of T7 RNA chains, leading to a substantial reduction in the overall rate of RNA synthesis. Inhibition of transcriptional elongation does not appear to be competitive with the ribonucleoside triphosphate substrates. Furthermore, ppGpp does not inhibit chain elongation during transcription of the synthetic polynucleotide templates poly[d(A-T)] or poly[d(A-G):d(C-T)]. We conclude that ppGpp interacts directly with some site on RNA polymerase other than one of the sites used for substrate binding. Furthermore, the inhibition must depend on specific DNA sequences present in T7 DNA, but not in poly[d(A-T)] or poly[d(A-G):d(C-T)]. Analysis of T7 transcripts formed in the presence and absence of ppGpp by gel electrophoresis reveals that in the latter instance there is enhanced pausing of the transcriptional elongation complex at specific sites on the template. It is likely that the enzyme also pauses at such sequences in the absence of ppGpp, but for a far briefer time (Kassavetis, G.A., and Chamberlin, M.J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2777-2786). Thus, ppGpp appears to slow transcriptional elongation by binding to RNA polymerase and altering its structure in a manner that impedes passage of the enzyme through certain DNA sequences. The presence of similar transcriptional barriers in rRNA operons activated by the presence of ppGpp could lead selectively to large reductions in the rate of rRNA synthesis in vivo. PMID- 7009600 TI - Partial purification from rat adipocyte plasma membranes of a chemical mediator which simulates the action of insulin on pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7009599 TI - Characterization of a pyruvate dehydrogenase activator released by adipocyte plasma membranes in response to insulin. PMID- 7009601 TI - The enzymatic synthesis of sepiapterin by chicken kidney preparations. AB - A chicken kidney preparation which catalyzes the conversion of D-erythro dihydroneopterin triphosphate to dihydrobiopterin in the presences of Mg2+ and NADPH has been fractionated into three fractions, A2, A1, and B. Fraction A2 in the presence of Mg2+ catalyzes the conversion of D-erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate to an unknown intermediate designated compound X. Fraction A1 in the presence of NADPH catalyzes the conversion of compound X to sepiapterin. Fraction B, in the presence of NADPH, catalyzes the conversion of sepiapterin to dihydrobiopterin. Fraction B which is sepiapterin reductase was not studied any further. Fraction A1 is heat-labile and its molecular weight is estimated to be 3.0 x 10(4), whereas fraction A2 is heat-stable and its molecular weight, 7.7 x 10(4). Compound X is labile and its degradation products have been identified to be pterin and pyruvic acid. This information suggests that compound X is 6-(1,2 dioxopropyl)-7,8-dihydropterin. PMID- 7009602 TI - The insulin receptor is an age-dependent integral component of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Human erythrocytes were separated according to age to determine whether there is heterogeneity in the specific binding of 125I-insulin to red cells. The mean cell age of erythrocyte isolates was determined from the cumulative distribution frequency of the cells in an isotonic (290 milliosmolar) density gradient and confirmed by assay for pyruvate kinase, an age-dependent red cell enzyme. An IBM 2997 centrifugal cell separator was used to obtain larger quantities of younger erythrocytes from normal subjects. 125I-insulin binding to red cells including reticulocytes was found to decrease exponentially as a function of their mean cell age in 8 normal subjects. A change in receptor number rather than affinity appeared to account for the observed change in 125I-insulin binding. An exponential, age-dependent change in binding of a hormone to its cell membrane bound receptor has not previously been observed. Consistent with these results is the possibility that regulation of the red cell insulin receptor concentration takes place only in the younger red cells. PMID- 7009603 TI - Biosynthesis of plasma apolipoproteins by rat small intestine without dietary or biliary fat. AB - Using two complementary methods developed and applied earlier in rats absorbing triacylglycerols, we have now determined the intestinal contribution of individual plasma apolipoproteins when the rate of intestinal lipid absorption is very low. After all dietary fat was withheld for 16-20 h, the intestine produced approximately 50% of the plasma apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I) and apo-A-IV, similar to its contribution during fat absorption. When rats were fed a fat-free diet for 12 days and, in addition, biliary fat was diverted from the intestine for 16 h, the intestine still produced approximately 50% of the apo-A-I and only slightly less of the apo-A-IV. Under both conditions of reduced fat absorption, a larger proportion of the intestinally-derived apo-A-I and apo-A-IV bypassed the mesenteric lymph and was released directly into intestinal venous blood. The intestinal apo-B contribution, 16% of the total in fat-fed rats, was reduced to approximately 5% when dietary fat was withheld. Intestinal apo-B was released entirely into the lymph. Intestine produced only small amounts of apo-C and little or no apo-E under all conditions. The results indicate that production of apo-A-I and apo-A-IV by the small intestine is not regulated by the rate of intestinal triacylglycerol transport. PMID- 7009604 TI - The respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Isolation of an NADH:quinone oxidoreductase from membranes and comparison with the membrane-bound NADH:dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase. PMID- 7009605 TI - Caulobacter crescentus pilin. Purification, chemical characterization, and NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of a structural protein regulated during development. AB - The pili of Caulobacter crescentus are assembled during swarmer cell development at the differentiating cell pole. Under specific growth conditions, it was found that C. crescentus CB15 will produce insoluble pigmented granules which entrap pili lost during cell growth along with other extracellular proteins. This provided a strategy for protein purification. Pilin was purified from these granules by gel filtration in the presence of high levels of detergent. A protein of the appropriate molecular weight for pilin was isolated by this procedure and demonstrated to be pilin by specific labeling of the intact pilus with ferritin coupled antibodies. CB15 pilin has an apparent molecular weight of 8,000, is rich in hydrophobic amino acids (greater than 70%), and has a broad isoelectric focusing range centered about a pI of 6.6. Periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining did not demonstrate carbohydrate modification of the monomer. The pilins of both CB15 and a related strain CB13 cross-react with anti-CB15 pilin antibody. Both strains also demonstrate similar RNA bacteriophage sensitivity, although there were significant differences in the amino acid composition, molecular weight, and other physical properties of the pilins from these two related strains. The NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of about 40% of the CB15 pilin molecular has been determined and bears some resemblance to that of some common pili; however, the sequences are not homologous and there is no indications of an unusual NH2 terminal amino acid in Caulobacter pilin. PMID- 7009606 TI - Characterization of bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase purified to homogeneity by antithioredoxin immunoadsorbent chromatography. AB - DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7 is composed of two subunits, the gene 5 protein of the phage and the host-coded thioredoxin. We have purified T7 DNA polymerase to homogeneity from T7-infected Escherichia coli B cells with a novel technique based on immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography. The enzyme binds quantitatively to a column of anti-thioredoxin Sepharose 4B and remains as an active complex in the immobilized state. It is eluted in fully active and highly purified form by a pulse of buffer at pH 12. After a final phosphocellulose chromatography, T7 DNA polymerase of better than 99% purity, as estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is obtained. Determination of the molecular weight by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation gives a value of 112,000. Denaturing gels showed that the enzyme is composed of gene 5 protein (Mr = 87,000 +/- 3,000) and thioredoxin (Mr = 12,000) in a 1:1 stoichiometry. The amino acid composition of the enzyme and its spectrum was determined. The DNA polymerase activity is dependent on sulfhydryl compounds, sensitive to salt, and shows a comparatively high Km value for the four deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme preparation has an inherent 3' leads to 5' exonuclease activity, attacking both native and denatured T7 DNA; it is free from detectable endonuclease activity. PMID- 7009607 TI - A mutant thioredoxin from Escherichia coli tsnC 7007 that is nonfunctional as subunit of phage T7 DNA polymerase. AB - Thioredoxin was purified to homogeneity from the Escherichia coli mutant tsnC 7007 that is defective in phage T7 DNA replication and previously shown to contain a missense thioredoxin. Tryptic peptide maps of reduced and carboxymethylated 7007 thioredoxin combined with amino acid sequence analysis revealed one amino acid substitution; Gly-92 in thioredoxin is exchanged to an aspartic acid residue in the 7007 protein. The missense thioredoxin gave no activity with the gene 5 protein of phage T7 in the complementation to active T7 DNA polymerase. It competitively inhibited the complementation of wild type thioredoxin and gene 5 protein and formed a complex with the gene 5 protein that was retained by antithioredoxin Sepharose. The 7007 thioredoxin has reduced catalytic activity with thioredoxin reductase, ribonucleotide reductase, or as a protein disulfide reductase. The apparent Km value of 7007 thioredoxin as a substrate for thioredoxin reductase was increased 3-fold relative to normal thioredoxin, and the Vmax value was decreased 7-fold. The position of GLy-92 in the known three-dimensional structure of thioredoxin-S2 is correlated with the changed functional properties of the substituted mutant protein. PMID- 7009608 TI - Characterization of new membrane lipoproteins and their precursors of Escherichia coli. AB - By labeling cells heavily with [3H]glycerol or [3H]-palmitic acid several new species of lipoproteins, in addition to Braun's lipoprotein and a peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein called PAL, were found in the envelope of Escherichia coli. The new lipoproteins were immunochemically different from both Braun's lipoprotein and PAL. A strain lacking the structural gene for Braun's lipoprotein contained new lipoproteins and PAL. In addition to Braun's lipoprotein and PAL, four new lipoproteins were found to be localized in the outer membrane, while other two species were found in the cytoplasmic membrane. The localization of one species is unknown. We previously reported that, on treatment of cells with globomycin, a precursor of Braun's lipoprotein accumulated in the cell envelope (Hussain, M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3707 3712). Similarly, the putative precursors of new lipoproteins and that of PAL accumulated in globomycin-treated cells. These precursors contained glycerol and fatty acid(s) as that of Braun's lipoprotein did. It is suggested that the structures of the "signal" region and the mechanisms of processing of all the lipoproteins of E. coli are similar. PMID- 7009609 TI - A unique proteolytic cleavage site on the beta subunit of the insulin receptor. PMID- 7009610 TI - Function of phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Influence of changes in polar head group composition on the lipid phase transition and characterization of a mutant containing only saturated phospholipid acyl chains. AB - The cls mutation conferring a defect in cardiolipin synthesis (Pluschke, G., Hirota, Y., and Overath, P. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5048-5055) has been introduced into an Escherichia coli strain defective in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in order to study the effect of changes in polar head group composition on the ordered in equilibrium fluid phase transition of the membrane phospholipids. The defect in cardiolipin formation is compensated by an increase in phosphatidylglycerol content, resulting in a decrease of the midpoint of the phase transition by 6 degrees C. Starvation of the cls mutant strain for the unsaturated fatty acid supplement leads to the incorporation of saturated acyl chains of reduced average length into the phospholipids, and growth is inhibited although the membrane remains in a fluid state. A revertant of this strain is described which retains the parental fabB-, fadE-, and cls markers and grows in the absence of an unsaturated fatty acid supplement. A cls+ derivative of the revertant can multiply in a restricted temperature range (35-43 degrees C). It contains only saturated phospholipid acyl chains of an anomalously short average length of 14 carbon atoms but has the same polar head group composition as wild type E. coli. The results demonstrate that, under defined conditions, saturated acyl chains of reduced length are functionally equivalent to unsaturated chains. PMID- 7009611 TI - Stereochemistry and kinetic isotope effects in the decarboxylation of S adenosylmethionine catalyzed by the pyruvyl enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. AB - S-Adenosyl-5'-3-methylthio[1-3H]propylamine was prepared by decarboxylation of S adenosylmethionine in tritiated water, catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Degradation of this product to 3 methylthio[1-3H]propylamine followed by oxidation in a coupled assay system involving pea seedling amine oxidase, catalase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase indicated less than 4% of total counts in water and greater than 75% in NADH plus NAD+. These results allow the assignment of tritium in 3-methylthiopropylamine to the 1-R configuration, establishing that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, a pyruvate-containing decarboxylase, operates via a retentive mode. Tabulation of the available stereochemical results for two pyruvate-containing and three pyridoxal phosphate-dependent amino acid decarboxylases indicates that stereochemistry has been conserved both within each class of amino acid decarboxylases and between structurally distinct classes of decarboxylases. Comparison of the specific activity of 3-methylthio[1-3H]propylamine to the tritiated water employed in the decarboxylation reaction leads to a primary tritium isotope effect of 4.5 under conditions of substrate concentration far in excess of Km. Although a portion of the tritium in 3-methylthiopropylamine could have arisen through an enzyme-catalyzed exchange into decarboxylated adenosylmethionine (leading to an underestimate of the kinetic tritium isotope effect), we are unable to detect enzymatic loss of tritium from decarboxylated S adenosylmethionine. The magnitude of the observed isotope effect is discussed in the context of a kinetically significant exchange of an active site residue with solvent in the present of enzyme-bound S-adenosylmethionine. PMID- 7009613 TI - Expression of the "split gene" COB in yeast mtDNA. Translation of intervening sequences in mutant strains. AB - This study deals with the effects that mutations in the COB region of yeast mtDNA have on the expression of mitochondrially made polypeptides. Based on the detection of two series of polypeptide chain-terminating mutations, we conclude that two proteins are specified by this region, apocytochrome b (Mr = 30,000) and a polypeptide of Mr = 42,000. One series of mutations generates new polypeptides ranging in size from 8,000 to 29,000 daltons; all of them are precipitated by serum direct against apocytochrome b. These mutations are located in five distinct segments of the COB region, the sequences alpha to epsilon coding for apocytochrome b. The second series of mutations, generating new polypeptides ranging in size from 17,000 to 41,000 daltons, is located within the first intervening sequence (alpha/beta) of the split gene for apocytochrome b. These mutations cause premature chain termination in the COOH-terminal part of a 42,000 dalton polypeptide. Its NH2-terminal part is likely to be specified by sequence alpha and thus to be homologous to that of apocytochrome b. We conclude that the 42,000-dalton polypeptide is translated on a processing intermediate of th COB transcript by reading through sequence alpha into sequence alpha/beta. We discuss the hypothesis that this polypeptide has a function in the expression of the COB region, possibly at the level of transcript processing. PMID- 7009614 TI - Leader peptidase is found in both the inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli. AB - Many membrane proteins are synthesized as transient precursors with an NH2 terminal leader (or signal) peptide. During insertion of these proteins into the membrane, leader peptides are removed by leader peptidase. One such enzyme has been detected in detergent extracts of Escherichia coli membranes and extensively purified using as an assay the removal of the leader sequence of procoat, the precursor of the major coat protein of bacteriophage M13. We now report that this leader peptidase is found in equal abundance in the inner and outer membranes of E. coli. Enzyme from each membrane accurately cleaves procoat to mature M13 coat protein. The salt, pH, and Mg2+ optima and inhibitor sensitivities of enzyme from each membrane are identical. Furthermore, the activities are indistinguishable upon ion exchange chromatography and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. Finally, a strain of E. coli with a plasmid which causes overproduction of leader peptidase has elevated levels of enzyme in both the inner and outer membranes. Leader peptidase is the only known enzyme which is found in both inner and outer membrane fractions of E. coli; this may reflect its role in membrane biogenesis. PMID- 7009612 TI - A comparison of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and 14C tracer studies of hepatic metabolism. AB - The gluconeogenic pathway from 13C-labeled substrates, each of which contained the 14C-labeled counterpart at a tracer level, has been followed in isolated rat liver cells and in isolated perfused mouse liver. The gluconeogenic flux from glycerol, the synthesis of glycogen, the stimulation of glycogenolysis by glucagon, the recycling of triacylglycerol, and an increase in pentose cycle activity under the influence of phenazine methosulfate were all observed directly in the 13C NMR spectra of perfused liver or isolated hepatocytes. The relative concentrations of 13C label at specific carbons measured by the NMR spectra under these conditions agreed closely with 14C isotopic distributions measured in extracts of the same doubly labeled samples for specific activities of greater than or equal to 3%. The label distributions measured by both methods were the same to within the experimental errors, which ranged from +/- 2% to +/- 7% in these experiments. PMID- 7009615 TI - Stability on storage at various temperatures of live measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccines in new stabilizer. PMID- 7009616 TI - Monkey neurovirulence of live, attenuated (Sabin) type I and type II poliovirus vaccines. PMID- 7009617 TI - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the estimation of immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides. PMID- 7009618 TI - Chordoma. PMID- 7009619 TI - The management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in the antibiotic era: a study of the outcome. AB - The outcome of primary management of acute osteomyelitis in 655 children treated in New Zealand between 1947 and 1976 is examined. Failure occurred in 20 per cent of children, in four-fifths of whom it was manifest by one year, and half of whom experienced one recurrence only. Lower failure rates were associated with use of bactericidal antibiotics, certain favourable sites, and age over 16 years. Surgical intervention was associated with significantly higher failure rates. The place of surgical intervention and the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment can only be determined by prospective clinical trials. PMID- 7009620 TI - Deep infection after total hip replacement. AB - Sixty-eight patients suffering deep infection from a consecutive series of 1746 total hip replacement operations are reviewed. The infection rate has been reduced considerably by improved technique and multiple antibiotic prophylaxis without the use of a special operation enclosure. Factors affecting deep infection are analysed and discussed. PMID- 7009621 TI - External fixation for complicated tibial fractures. AB - An account is given of 38 patients with complicated tibial fractures who were treated by the Portsmouth method of external fixation. Twenty-one patients had multiple injuries and 30 had compound fractures of the tibia. Eighteen fractures wounds were infected, 17 cases required bone grafts and 13 had skin grafts. Thirty-four fractures united in an average time of six months; three patients underwent below-knee amputations; one with neurofibromatosis remains ununited. Those treated primarily by external fixation did better than those in whom external fixation was used after failure of another method. Most fresh fractures united with external callus; and the significance of this in relation to the rigidity of fixation is discussed. The method is easy to use, effective and economical. Improvements to permit adjustment of position and testing for union are suggested. We advise the use of this method of external fixation as the primary treatment for complicated tibial fractures where there is a significant risk of infection or non-union. PMID- 7009623 TI - Myosin types and fiber types in cardiac muscle. I. Ventricular myocardium. AB - Antisera against bovine atrial myosin were raised in rabbits, purified by affinity chromatography, and absorbed with insolubilized ventricular myosin. Specific anti-bovine atrial myosin (anti-bAm) antibodies reacted selectively with atrial myosin heavy chains, as determined by enzyme immunoassay combined with SDS gel electrophoresis. In direct and indirect immunofluorescence assay, anti-bAm was found to stain all atrial muscle fibers and a minor proportion of ventricular muscle fibers in the right ventricle of the bovine heart. In contrast, almost all muscle fibers in the left ventricle were unreactive. Purkinje fibers showed variable reactivity. In the rabbit heart, all atrial muscle fibers were stained by anti-bAm, whereas ventricular fibers showed a variable response in both the right and left ventricle, with a tendency for reactive fibers to be more numerous in the right ventricle and in subepicardial regions. Diversification of fiber types with respect to anti-bAm reactivity was found to occur during late stages of postnatal development in the rabbit heart and to be influenced by thyroid hormone. All ventricular muscle fibers became strongly reactive after thyroxine treatment, whereas they became unreactive or poorly reactive after propylthiouracil treatment. These findings are consistent with the existence of different ventricular isomyosins whose relative proportions can vary according to the thyroid state. Variations in ventricular isomyosin composition can account for the changes in myosin Ca2+-activated ATPase activity previously observed in cardiac muscle from hyper- and hypothyroid animals and may be responsible for the changes in the velocity of contraction of ventricular myocardium that occur under these conditions. The differential distribution of ventricular isomyosins in the normal heart suggests that fiber types with different contractile properties may coexist in the ventricular myocardium. PMID- 7009622 TI - Epidermal growth factor inhibits cytoskeleton-related changes in the surface of parietal cells. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gastric acid secretion was correlated with the morphological changes of the apical pole of rat parietal cells studied by transmission electron microscopy. Gastric acid secretion was stimulated by histamine, carbachol, pentagastrin, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and estimated by continuous recording of pH variations of gastric luminal perfusate. EGF inhibits acid secretion in these conditions. The action of the hormone also results in the arrest or reversal of the changes in shape undergone by parietal cells as they go into secretion. In view of the evidence involving cytoskeletal elements in the generation of these structural alterations, our observations suggest that the action of EGF on gastric acid secretion may be a consequence of a general effect of this hormone on cytoskeletal function. PMID- 7009625 TI - The use of fluorescent antimyosin and DNA labeling for the estimation of the myoblast and myocyte population of primary rat heart cell cultures. AB - Cell division in heart muscle cells progressively ceases during the development of the rat heart, leading to an adult stage with muscle cells incapable of cell division. We have quantitatively determined the number of dividing and nondividing heart muscle cells in cultures derived from different stages of the developing rat heart with the use of 3HTdR continuous labeling and fluorescent antimyosin staining. The cultures were derived from 14 and 17 day postcoital (dPC) rat embryos and from 1 and 4 day postnatal (dPN) rats. The percent nondividing cells increased with development and the age of the postnatal rat. The percent nondividing cells in 14 dPC equalled 21%, 17 dPC equalled 25%, 1 dPN equalled 44%, and 4 dPN equalled 60%. This method for the quantitative determination of dividing and nondividing cells in the developing rat heart provides a model that is useful for the study of the mechanism of the loss of cell division capacity. PMID- 7009624 TI - Cell-cycle analysis of insulin binding and internalization on mouse melanoma cells. AB - Binding of 125I-labeled insulin to the surface receptors of Cloudman S-91 mouse melanoma cells (CCL 53.1) was studied at various phases (M, G1, S, and G2) in the cell cycle. Insulin-binding activity was persistently present during the cell cycle but the highest activity was noted at the S-phase. The insulin once bound to the cell surface receptors at any phase of the cell cycle was internalized and degraded, presumably through a lysosomal pathway. Insulin-indexing activity of melanoma cells was not affected by melanocyte-stimulating hormone. PMID- 7009627 TI - Circadian rhythm in circulating concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in normal women. AB - The 24-h patterns of plasma concentration change in dopamine (DA) and its immediate deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were determined in 6 normal women (16 studies) by a modified radioenzymatic assay. Changes in DOPAC levels exhibited a marked circadian rhythm, with peak during the day and a nadir at night. At 1200 h, the DOPAC concentration increased significantly (P less than 10(-4)) to a peak value 62.9 +/- 8.4 ng/ml) 117% higher than the 24-h mean. At 2200 h, plasma DOPAC decreased (P less than 10(-4)) to a nadir concentration (10.0 +/- 3.3 ng/ml) 66% lower than the 24-h mean. The circadian rhythm of DOPAC could be reproducibly demonstrated over at least 4 successive days in individual subjects. There were no well defined circadian variations in plasma concentrations of DA. Since the plasma DOPAC concentration appears to reflect central nervous system dopaminergic neuronal activity, the present demonstration of a circadian rhythm of plasma DOPAC suggests that the activity of central nervous system DA-containing cells is higher during the day than at night. PMID- 7009626 TI - [Tertiary hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation in man. Treatment by parathyroidectomy and auto-graft. Eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 76 functional renal transplantations we noted 8 cases of hyperparthyroidism occurring in periods ranging from 2 months to 4 years. Hypercalcaemia was the most constant manifestation. PTH was raised in the 7 subjects in whom it was measured. Eight patients underwent total parathyroidectomy followed in 7 of them by auto-graft of a fragment of parathyroid into a forearm muscle according to the technique of Wells. The operation was followed in all cases by normalisation in blood calcium levels after the 1st month. Serum PTH levels also returned to normal apart from in one case where renal function was impaired because of rejection of the renal graft. Comparative estimations of PTH in venous blood from the side of the auto-graft and the opposite side showed that the parathyroid graft was functioning. PMID- 7009629 TI - Metabolic clearance and production rates of 3',5'-diiodothyronine in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in man: comparison of infusions using radiolabeled versus unlabeled iodothyronine. PMID- 7009630 TI - Hyperglucagonemia in myotonic dystrophy. AB - To clarify the possible participation of glucagon in glucose intolerance in myotonic dystrophy, six patients with myotonic dystrophy were examined. Three of the six patients had abnormal oral glucose tolerance curves; two had frank diabetic glucose tolerance curves, and the other had a high glucose value 30 min after glucose loading, which fell beyond the normal range (mean +/- 2 SD). The total insulin response to oral glucose, calculated as the insulin area, was significantly exaggerated (P less than 0.01 vs. the control value). In addition to these results, hyperglucagonemia was observed throughout the test in two patients with myotonic dystrophy. In the arginine infusion test, the insulin response was not as exaggerated. Plasma glucagon, however, was significantly higher (P less than 0.05 vs. the control value) 30, 45, and 60 min after arginine infusion, and the mean glucagon area under the curves was significantly greater (P less than 0.05 vs. the control value). None of the myotonic patients showed GH or cortisol excess during an arginine infusion and/or insulin tolerance test. Three patients with myotonic dystrophy who had abnormal glucose tolerance curves showed absolutely or relatively high glucagon levels and exaggerated responses to arginine infusion. These findings suggested that hyperglucagonemia might contribute to the appearance of glucose intolerance in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7009628 TI - The relationship of adrenal iodocholesterol uptake to adrenal zona glomerulosa function. AB - Dexamethasone suppression adrenal scintigraphy is routinely used in the clinical assessment of patients with aldosteronism. To determine the relation between adrenal iodocholesterol uptake and aldosterone secretory activity, iodocholesterol uptake in dexamethasone-suppressed dogs was measured during salt loading and salt depletion. Sodium loading resulted in decreases in both serum aldosterone and adrenal iodocholesterol uptake. Sodium depletion was associated with increases in both serum aldosterone and iodocholesterol uptake. From these studies we calculate that under basal conditions, approximately 10% of adrenal iodocholesterol uptake is angiotension dependent, and approximately 50% is ACTH dependent. The administration of dexamethasone results in an increase in the sensitivity of adrenal scintiscanning in the assessment of adrenal zona glomerulosa function. PMID- 7009632 TI - Elevated levels of LRH in human milk. AB - Measurement by doubled antibody radioimmunoassay indicates that the levels of LRH in human milk are five to six times higher than the corresponding plasma samples. Such high levels of the hormone in the maternal milk may have a profound influence on the developing reproductive and other related biological processes of the neonates. PMID- 7009631 TI - Failure of dopaminergic blockade to affect prolactin, growth hormone, and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in schizophrenics. AB - The PRL, GH, and cortisol responses to insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were evaluated in 12 medically healthy schizophrenic patients during a drug-free period and after 1 and 6 weeks of treatment with penfluridol, a potent, long acting, dopamine-blocking neuroleptic. Hypoglycemic responses were the same before and during penfluridol therapy. Although resting PRL levels were evaluated during initial penfluridol therapy (week 1), hypoglycemia provoked a further substantial PRL increment, not significantly different in magnitude from that induced by hypoglycemia during the drug-free period. However, there was a 54% reduction (P less than 0.05) in the increase in the area under the PRL curve during week 6 compared to the drug-free period. Regarding GH and cortisol, resting levels, areas under the curve, and maximal increments after ITT were essentially the same during weeks 1 and 6 of penfluridol treatment as in the drug free period. The failure of 1 week of dopaminergic blockade to significantly alter the hormonal (PRL, GH, and cortisol) responses to ITT in the group as a whole suggests that dopamine-blocking mechanisms play little role in mediating these responses, at least in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7009633 TI - In memoriam Elmer Louis Severinghaus. PMID- 7009635 TI - Rapid method for identification of group B streptococci in neonatal blood cultures. AB - A rapid technique used for the identification of Streptococcus agalactiae, Lancefield group B, from the blood cultures of two neonatal infants is reported. The method utilized the Phadebact Streptococcus Test System (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) and the supernatant from 13- and 14-h blood cultures. Additional studies with simulated neonatal blood cultures revealed that this method was reproducible. Additional studies also revealed that some non specific agglutination did occur, which could not be eliminated with dithiothreitol, but was visibly reduced by treatment with soluble staphylococcal protein A. PMID- 7009634 TI - K99 antigen-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from piglets with diarrhea in Sweden. AB - K88 antigen-negative enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and non-enterotoxigenic strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea were examined for K99 antigen by agglutination tests after growth on Minca-IsoVitaleX (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) agar medium. Of 64 K88-negative enterotoxigenic strains from as many piglets, 17 were found to be K99 positive. Of these, 10 were Swedish and 7 were of Norwegian origin. All 17 produced heat-stable enterotoxin detectable in the infant mouse assay, but only 2 gave positive ligated loop tests in 3- to 7 week-old piglets. Ligated loop tests in 5- to 12-day-old piglets were positive for each of the 15 K99-positive strains tested. Each of the Swedish K99-positive isolates was from a piglet of lesser than or equal to 7 days of age. One piglet harboring a K99-positive strain also harbored an O141:K88 enterotoxigenic strain producing only heat-stable enterotoxin. Five of the Swedish piglets yielding K99 positive isolates were from dams vaccinated wih a multicomponent bacterial vaccine containing K88 antigen. The K99 strains were O:K:H serotyped. The O serogroups represented were O8, O9, O64, O101, and O140. None of the 101 non enterotoxigenic porcine isolates, representing 42 serogroups and non-O-groupable and rough strains, was found to be K99 positive. The findings indicate that so called class 2 or atypical porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli should be routinely examined for the presence of K99 antigen. PMID- 7009637 TI - Analysis of parameters affecting the hemagglutination activity of Escherichia coli possessing colonization factor antigens: improved medium for observing erythrocyte agglutination. AB - The hemagglutination (HA) activity of two strains of Escherichia coli, each possessing different colonization factor antigens (CFA), was examined under different test conditions. The effects of ionic strength, temperature, pH, cations, and reaction surface on erythrocyte (RBC) agglutination were analyzed. Strain H-10407 (CFA/I) caused the agglutination of human, bovine, and chicken RBC, whereas strain CL-9699 (CFA/II) agglutinated only bovine and chicken RBC. The HA activity of both strains increased with decreasing ionic strength, pH, and temperature, the effects of temperature being negligible at low ionic strength. When accounting for ionic strength, the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, or Fe3+ ions did not increase the HA activity of these bacteria. Optimum conditions for HA of reactive RBC by bacteria included low ionic strength (less than 50 mM) and slightly acidic pH (6.0 to 7.0). Use of a low-ionic-strength medium permitted application of microtitration methods to visualize the HA reactions. Storage of RBC in low-ionic-strength medium did not change their HA properties, and the use of this medium proved superior to saline in overcoming HA variation observed with different preparations of RBC. PMID- 7009638 TI - Quantitative fluorescent immunoassay for measurement of antibody to Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. AB - An automated fluorescent immunoassay technique (FIAX; International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, Calif.) has been developed for the quantitation of circulating antibodies in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis. Two groups of sera, group I consisting of 77 samples and group II consisting of 126 samples, were obtained from experimentally infected microfilaremic dogs, known negative controls, and clinically diagnosed cases of occult dirofilariasis. Antibody against a partially purified trichloroacetic acid-soluble extract of a soluble somatic extract of D. immitis was measured by FIAX and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A standard curve was drawn from four samples with known FIAX titers and fluorescent signal unit values. The standard curve was used to determine titers of unknown samples. The correlation coefficients determined in the analysis of log10 ELISA and log10 FIAX values were r = 0.9057 and r = 0.8976 in groups I and II, respectively. Eighty-three percent of the titer values calculated by FIAX in group I were within one dilution, and 95% were within two dilutions, of those titers obtained by ELISA. In group II, 79 and 96% of the values obtained by FIAX were within one and two dilutions, respectively, of those obtained by ELISA. FIAX proved to be a reproducible and convenient assay for the measurement of serum antibody in dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria. PMID- 7009636 TI - Automated immunofluorescence test for toxoplasmosis. AB - A soluble-antigen fluorescent-antibody technique for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis, employing a special fluorometer (FIAX; International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, Calif.), was evaluated in comparison with a standard indirect fluorescent-antibody method which uses a fluorescence microscope. Titers obtained by the new method on 324 serum samples correlated very well with those of the conventional procedure. There was good intralaboratory and interlaboratory agreement in runs on selected samples. The FIAX method is simple, rapid, and reliable and has the advantage of objectivity. PMID- 7009639 TI - Differentiation and characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Nine coded duplicate strains of capsular nontypable Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All duplicate strains were correctly matched, and individual strains, including seven nontypable strains, were clearly distinguishable from one another. The addition of mass spectrometry to the analysis has aided the process of identification and has provided chemical structural information on K. pneumoniae strains. Application of this technique to the identification of some disease outbreaks or nosocomial problems could be of epidemiological importance, especially when conventional methods do not identify the epidemic strain. PMID- 7009640 TI - Evaluation of an automated, computerized system (automicrobic system) for Enterobacteriaceae identification. AB - The automated and computerized AutoMicrobic system (AMS; Vitek Systems, Inc., subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas, Hazelwood, Mo.) was evaluated as a means of identifying the Enterobacteriaceae. The Micro-ID system (General Diagnostics, Morris Plains, N.J.) and, when necessary, conventional tubed media were used for comparison. Identification by AMS and Micro-ID differed in only 12 of 1,528 isolates (0.8%). Disagreements occurred primarily with Enterobacter spp. Precision testing of the AMS showed only 1 of 72 tests (1.4%) deviating from the expected. The AMS was found to be an accurate and precise method for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7009641 TI - Clinical evaluation of the AutoMicrobic system Yeast Biochemical Card for rapid identification of medically important yeasts. AB - The autoMicrobic system Yeast Biochemical Card (Vitek Systems, Inc., subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas, Hazelwood, Mo.), a fully automated and computer-assisted method for identifying seven yeast genera based on 26 biochemical reactions, was compared with the API 20C (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y) yeast identification system, using 253 clinical yeast isolates. There was an 84% correlation between the Yeast Biochemical Card and API 20C systems based on biochemical tests alone and a 96% correlation when morphology was combined with the biochemical profile. Of 22 species examined, 14 were definitively identified within 24 h, using only the biochemical tests; the remaining 8 species were presumptively identified, using biochemical tests within 24 h, with definitive identification being completed in 48 to 72 h when morphological characteristics were ascertained. The Yeast Biochemical Card system was both a facile and, with concomitant morphology, an accurate system for performing yeast identification. PMID- 7009642 TI - Dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for differentiation of members of the family Legionellaceae. AB - The addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family Legionellaceae. On this medium, Legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas Tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. Fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical Legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than those of L. pneumophila. PMID- 7009643 TI - Rapid detection of yeast enzymes by using 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. AB - In a preliminary study with a limited number of isolates, the usefulness of 17 4 methylumbelliferyl substrates for identifying yeast isolates was investigated. Substrates to detect acid phosphatase, glucosidase, and pyrophosphate diesterase showed promise. PMID- 7009644 TI - Handling characteristics and bond strength of eight direct bonding orthodontic cements. PMID- 7009645 TI - Insulin increases glucose transfer across the blood-brain barrier in man. AB - The influence of insulin on unidirectional flux of glucose across the blood-brain barrier and on net uptake of glucose by the brain was investigated in seven fasting patients. The unidirectional extraction, E, of [14C]D-glucose was determined using 36Cl- as an intravascular reference, by the indicator dilution method. 0.4 U insulin/kg body wt was infused intravenously over 30 min while blood glucose was maintained constant by glucose infusion. Six determinations were made in each patient, two before, two during insulin infusion, and two after. In connection with each blood-brain barrier study, arterial and cerebral venous samples were taken for measurement of glucose, oxygen, insulin, K+, and phosphate. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in each patient. The main finding was an increased extraction of glucose from 14 to 21% and a highly significant increase in unidirectional flux (CBF X unidirectional extraction X arterial glucose concentration) from 0.46 to 0.66 mumol/g X min during insulin infusion (plasma insulin approximately 1,500 microU/ml). The net brain uptake of glucose (CBF X arterio-venous difference for glucose) as unaltered during the investigation period of 45 min, which is too short a time for insulin to penetrate the barrier. It follows that the backflux of glucose from the brain was increased during insulin application. The effect of insulin might be a speeding up of the glucose carrier in analogy to heart muscle. PMID- 7009646 TI - Prostacyclin produced by the pregnant uterus in the dog may act as a circulating vasodepressor substance. AB - Uterine production of PGI2 (prostacyclin) was quantitated in late pregnant dogs to evaluate if PGI2 could act as circulating vasodepressor substance in pregnancy. In five anesthetized, laparotomized dogs, the uterine venous plasma concentration of 6-keto PGF1 alpha (the in vitro hydrolysis product of PGI2) was 6.7 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and the arterial plasma concentration was 2.6 +/0 0.8 ng/ml. In four nonpregnant female dogs the arterial plasma concentration of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was consistently below 0.2 ng/ml. In eight pregnant dogs we also evaluated the ability of the pregnant uterus to inactivate PGI2 by comparing the hypotensive response to increasing doses of PGI2 infused into the uterine artery to the hypotensive response to increasing doses of PGI2 infused into the inferior vena cava. In addition, the effect of PGI2 infused into the uterine artery on uterine blood flow and intraamniotic fluid pressure was evaluated. The dose response curves of intrauterine and intravenous PGI2 in causing systemic hypotension were identical suggesting that the pregnant uterus does not inactivate infused PGI2. Intrauterine PGI2 had no consistent effect on uterine hemodynamics although it did increase intraamniotic fluid pressure significantly. These data demonstrate that the pregnant uterus has the capacity to produce large quantities of PGI2 which is not inactivated in the uterus and therefore can appear in the arterial blood to exert a systemic vasodepressor effect. PMID- 7009647 TI - Increased erythropoiesis and elevated erythropoietin in infants born to diabetic mothers and in hyperinsulinemic rhesus fetuses. AB - The pathogenesis of the increased erythrocytosis and extramedullary erythropoiesis observed in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) has been obscure. In the present studies, IDM were found to have elevated umbilical plasma erythropoietin (Ep) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. 22 of 61 IDM (36%) had levels above the range of 28 nonasphyxiated, appropriately grown normal infants. In 16 controls and 20 IDM, plasma Ep correlated directly with plasma insulin (P less than 0.001, r = 0.73). To investigate this relationship further, a chronic rhesus model was studied with continuous fetal hyperinsulinemia for 21 d in utero in the last third of pregnancy. In five experimental fetuses, plasma insulin levels averaged 4,210 microU/ml at delivery, whereas plasma Ep was above the range of six controls. In addition, the experimental fetuses had elevated reticulocyte counts in umbilical cord blood. The mechanism for the increased plasma Ep associated with hyperinsulinemia in the fetus is unexplained but may be mediated by fetal hypoxia. PMID- 7009648 TI - Recovery of prostacyclin production by de-endothelialized rabbit aorta. Critical role of neointimal smooth muscle cells. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthetic capacity was assayed at the surface of aortas at various intervals after removal of endothelium with a balloon catheter. Results were correlated with morphologic changes in the vessel wall seen by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. To assay PGI2 synthetic capacity, we applied an incubation chamber to the luminal surface of the aortas; after arachidonic acid stimulation we assayed the PGI2 synthesized with a bioassay and radioimmunoassay. PGI2 synthesis in de-endothelialized aortas was determined immediately after balloon-catheter injury and at intervals of 1 h and 2, 4, 15, 35, and 70 d. PGI2 synthesis was low at 1 h and increased over time with levels at 35 and 70 d reaching that of normal artery. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of de-endothelialized areas showed persistent absence of endothelium with formation of a neointima composed of smooth muscle cells. De-endothelialized aorta was covered with adherent platelets shortly after injury, however several days later only a few platelets adhered to the denuded surface. Results indicated that (a) endothelium is responsible for nearly all PGI2 production at the luminal surface of the normal aorta, (b) de endothelialized muscular neointima synthesized increasing quantities of PGI2 with time after injury, and (c) increase of PGI2 production at the luminal surface of de-endothelialized aorta correlates with formation of a neointima and with the acquired thromboresistance of the aorta. PMID- 7009649 TI - Use of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and formalin-fixed whole bacterial antigen in the detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin in prostatic fluid. AB - The prostatic fluid of two patients with Escherichia coli bacterial prostatitis was analyzed for evidence of a local immune response to bacterial infection. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was modified to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antigen-specific antibody responses to infecting bacteria in serum and prostatic fluid from patient. Formalin-fixed whole E. coli were used as antigen. In one patient with acute E. coli prostatic infection, measurements of antigen specific antibody confirm the presence of a systemic and local immune response. However, in another patient with a chronic E. coli prostatitis, a primarily local immune response was demonstrated. The response measured in the prostatic fluid appears to be locally stimulated and specific for the infecting bacteria. Furthermore, IgA was the predominant immunoglobulin involved in the local prostatic immune response to infection. Although elevations of serum IgA antigen specific antibody levels were short-liver after treatment of prostatic infection, local IgA antigen-specific antibodies were detected for as long as 1 yr after the initial infection in both patients studied. PMID- 7009650 TI - Selective potentiation of insulin-mediated glucose disposal in normal dogs by the sulfonylurea glipizide. AB - Investigative data have suggested that the extrapancreatic actions of the sulfonylureas may be paramount in their chronic antidiabetic action. The present study examines the effects of chronic sulfonylurea treatment on in vivo insulin action. Peripheral insulin levels, hepatic glucose production (Ra), and overall glucose disposal (Rd) were studied in six awake, normal dogs given both 0.5 and 1.0 mU/kg per min pork insulin for 2.5 h. This produces stable hyperinsulinemia from 15 to 150 min. Fasting euglycemia was held constant by the glucose clamp technique and averaged 99% basal glucose in all studies. Ra and Rd were determined from infusion of [3-(3)H]glucose, begun 90 min prior to insulin infusion. 10 mg of the sulfonylurea glipizide, was given daily to the test animals for the 10 to 20 d following appropriate control studies, then was withheld for 24 h, and the dogs were restudied. Glipizide treatment did not significantly alter basal glucose turnover, Ra, mean glucose values, or mean insulin levels as determined by radioimmunoassay. Increase in Rd above basal glucose turnover in response to insulin (delta Rd) was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased by glipizide treatment at both insulin dosage levels (paired analysis). At 1.0 mU/kg per min insulin, delta Rd rose from 2.6 mg/kg per min before glipizide to 6.5 mg/kg per min after glipizide treatment. At 0.5 mU/kg per min insulin, delta Rd went from 1.1 mg/kg per min before glipizide to 2.2 mg/kg per min after glipizide treatment. Glipizide treatment doubled the effects of insulin on Rd, while showing no significant effect upon insulin suppression of Ra. We conclude that a significant extrapancreatic chronic action of glipizide lies in its ability to selectively potentiate Rd. PMID- 7009651 TI - Decreased in vitro humoral immune responses in aged humans. AB - Induction of antigen-specific and non-specific (polyclonal) humoral immune responses in vitro was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of aged (65-85 yr) and young (20-30 yr) volunteers. In vitro immunization of lymphocytes with antigen (sheep erythrocytes) was performed in a recently described microculture system, and anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque forming cells were quantitated in a direct hemolytic plaque assay. Immunoglobulin secreting cells, induced polyclonally with pokeweed mitogen, were quantitated in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Significant depressions of antigen-specific as well as polyclonal responses were noted in relation to advancing age. Antigen-specific responses were more frequently depressed than polyclonal responses. T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) was used to amplify functions of autologous immunoregulatory T cells. Addition of 10 microgram/ml Con A to lymphocytes of young donors at culture initiation resulted in activation of suppressor cells and abrogated antigen-specific responses. Delayed addition of Con A, on the other hand, enhanced responses, presumably because of activation of helper T cells. Similar manipulations of lymphocyte cultures from aged donors showed failure of Con A to suppress antigen-specific responses in approximately half of the responders. In many nonresponders, responses within normal range were elicited by the delayed addition of Con A to their lymphocyte cultures. Deviations beyond the range of expected responses were noted in 32.5% of the co-cultures between pokeweed mitogen stimulated young and aged cells. Our findings suggest that age related deficiencies of B cell function are frequently associated with dysfunction of immunoregulatory T cells and are only occasionally due to intrinsic defects of B cells. PMID- 7009652 TI - Methylprednisolone prevention of increased lung vascular permeability following endotoxemia in sheep. AB - To see whether methylprednisolone would affect the pulmonary vascular response to endotoxemia, we studied responses to endotoxemia in the presence and absence of methylprednisolone in the same chronically instrumented, unanesthetized sheep. Infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.70-1.33 mug/kg) caused an initial period of marked pulmonary hypertension followed several hours later by a long period of increased vascular permeability when pulmonary vascular pressures were near base line (base-line pulmonary artery pressure (PPa) = 21+/-1 cm H(2)O SE, left atrial pressure (Pla) = 1+/-3; experimental PPa = 20+/-3, Pla = 3+/-4; P = NS), lung lymph flow ( Qlym) was high (base-line Qlym = 7.2+/-0.2 ml/h; experimental Qlym = 23.2+/-1.0; P < 0.05) and lymph/plasma protein concentration (L/P) was high (base-line L/P = 0.65+/-0.04; experimental L/P = 0.79+/-0.05; P < 0.05). When methylprednisolone (1.0 g + 0.5 g/h i.v.) was begun 30 min before the same dose of endotoxin was infused, the initial pulmonary hypertension was less and the late phase increase in lung vascular permeability was prevented (experimental PPa = 24+/-1, Pla = 1+/-1, Qlym = 10.0+/-0.4; L/P = 0.56+/-0.03). Qlym and L/P were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than with endotoxin alone. Methylprednisolone began during the initial pulmonary hypertensive response to endotoxin also prevented the late phase increase in lung vascular permeability, but the drug had no effect once vascular permeability was increased. We conclude that large doses of methylprednisolone given before or soon after endotoxemia prevent the increase in lung vascular permeability that endotoxin causes, but do not reverse the abnormality once it occurs. PMID- 7009653 TI - Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man. AB - Acute caffeine in subjects who do not normally ingest methylxanthines leads to increases in blood pressure, heart rate, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, and urinary catecholamines. Using a double blind design, the effects of chronic caffeine administration on these same variables were assessed. Near complete tolerance, in terms of both humoral and hemodynamic variables, developed over the first 1-4 d of caffeine. No long-term effects of caffeine on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity, plasma catecholamines, or urinary catecholamines could be demonstrated. Discontinuation of caffeine ingestion after 7 d of administration did not result in a detectable withdrawal phenomenon relating to any of the variables assessed. PMID- 7009654 TI - Prostacyclin reversal of lethal endotoxemia in dogs. AB - Severe endotoxemia, a condition where microembolization and intravascular coagulation are thought to play important roles, was treated experimentally with prostacyclin (PGI(2)). In a study of 24 dogs, 8 control animals injected with 1.75 mg.kg(-1) of endotoxin died within 24 h. Six animals given intravenous aspirin 100 mg/kg, 30 min after endotoxin died. 9 of 10 dogs infused with 100 ng PGI(2).kg(-1).min(-1) for 3 h, given 30 min after the injection of endotoxin survived 24 h (P < 0.025). Injection of endotoxin resulted in a: (a) maximal 62% fall in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001); (b) transient doubling of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P < 0.001); (c) initial 70% drop in cardiac index (P < 0.001); (d) decline in blood platelets from 213,700 to 13,700/mm(3) (P < 0.001), and leukocytes from 7,719 to < 750/mm(3) (P < 0.001); (e) depressed urine output (P < 0.001); (f) 34% decrease in blood fibrinogen (P < 0.01) and an increase in fibrin degradation products > 50 mug/ml (P < 0.001); (g) fivefold increase in circulating cathepsin D titer (P < 0.005) and (h) increase in blood norepinephrine (P < 0.005), dopamine (P < 0.005), and epinephrine (P < 0.001). Aspirin treatment led to an increase in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P < 0.005), but cardiac index, urine flow, platelets, leukocytes, fibrin degradation products, and cathepsin D levels remained similar to untreated controls. After infusion of PGI(2) there was a: (a) prompt increase of cardiac index to base-line levels; (b) late increase in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.005) after the discontinuation of PGI(2) treatment (c) restoration of urine output; (d) increase in circulating platelets to levels still below base line but above untreated control animals (P < 0.05); (e) no effect on circulating leukocyte levels; (f) fall in fibrin degradation products to 11.2 mug/ml (P < 0.05); (g) decline in cathepsin D levels to values 60% lower than the untreated controls (P < 0.025); and (h) reduction in plasma norepinephrine levels to base line at 4 h (P < 0.005). Although the mode of PGI(2) action is not clear, it is effective in the treatment of experimental endotoxemia. PMID- 7009656 TI - The future of telecommunications: a Delphi survey. PMID- 7009657 TI - Reactions to ionizing radiation. AB - This review deals with essential physical and biologic aspects of ionizing radiation as related to dermatology. The discussion of major physical factors and basic biophysics includes the production of x rays, dose definitions and recent changes in terminology, various factors affecting dose and tissue damage and current radiotherapy methods. The biologic effects and potential risks of ionizing radiation are reviewed in detail, particularly the major nonstochastic and stochastic somatic effects, such as radiation-induced skin cancer, thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, and other radiogenic neoplasms. Current methods of risk assessment, radiation carcinogenesis, the efficacy of radiation protection technics, and potential genetic effects are critically evaluated. PMID- 7009658 TI - Vesicular pemphigoid. AB - The vesicular variant of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a clinical entity in which the principal types of lesions are multiple small tense vesicles in a symmetric distribution, rather than large, more randomly distributed bullae. We present a patient who developed an intensely pruritic eruption which clinically was suggestive of typical dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), but subsequently developed large bullae typical of BP. Histologic and immunofluorescence findings, as well as initial response to systemic corticosteroids, were typical of BP. In addition, our patient required the administration of methotrexate to maintain clearance of lesions while prednisone was being tapered, a problem which has not been mentioned in the other patients, described in the literature with vesicular variants of BP. PMID- 7009660 TI - Histologic findings in mummified skin. AB - Skin specimens from five mummies were examined histologically. The specimens ranged in age from 2,000 to 3,200 years. Material from two mummies had carbonized and showed only amorphous debris. The histology of the three remaining skin fragments retained surprising histologic architectural detail. One specimen obtained from the sole of the foot was compatible with a callus. PMID- 7009659 TI - Psoriasis: current advances in etiology and treatment. AB - Psoriasis is a disease of major importance, the cause of which is unknown and treatment often difficult. However, research worldwide has intensified, and we now have an increased understanding of the events that lead to the production of a psoriatic lesion. Newer treatments and the revival of old therapies have increased the success rate in the management of this difficult disease but have also opened up new concerns regarding the safety of these modalities. This is a review of the current research on the etiology and treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7009655 TI - Regulation of hepatic triglyceride synthesis in diabetic rats. AB - The syntheses of triglyceride and its precursors were increased when liver homogenates of ketotic diabetic rats were incubated with [U-14C]-glycero 3 phosphate and cofactors. Triolein sonicates produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the synthesis of both diglyceride and triglyceride, whereas monoolein sonicates had no effect. Rat serum very low density lipoproteins, like triolein sonicates, inhibited the synthesis of diglyceride and triglyceride. Furthermore, the intracellular form of very low density lipoproteins, namely nascent very low density lipoproteins, also inhibited the synthesis of diglyceride and triglyceride. A higher apparent I50 (concentration of inhibitor that produces 50% inhibition of activity) was observed in liver homogenates of ketotic diabetic rats for inhibition of triglyceride or diglyceride synthesis by triolein sonicates, serum very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, and nascent very low density lipoproteins. Insulin treatment of the diabetic rats reversed the I50 values to control. In studies on the site of inhibition of triglyceride synthesis in the overall biosynthetic pathway, serum very low density lipoproteins produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of liver cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity. A higher I50 value was obtained with the hepatic enzyme of the diabetic rats. This higher I50 value was reversed to control by insulin treatment of the diabetic rats. These results indicated that the activity of this enzyme was less sensitive to inhibition by very low density lipoproteins in the ketotic diabetic state. The reduced sensitivity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity to triglyceride inhibition observed in the present studies could explain our previous observation of an increased rate of triglyceride synthesis in ketotic diabetic liver homogenates. PMID- 7009661 TI - Nuclear immunofluorescent patterns in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) PMID- 7009662 TI - Guidelines for inservice education for registered nurses. PMID- 7009664 TI - Jorge Lobo (1900-1979). PMID- 7009663 TI - Cutaneous melanomas in domestic animals. PMID- 7009665 TI - Effect of carrier and administration on luteinizing hormone release by gonadotropin releasing hormone. AB - Ovariectomized ewes in groups of four were administered either saline (I) or 50 micrograms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (II to VII). Methods of administration and carriers were : II, intramuscular saline; III, intravenous saline; IV, subcutaneous saline; V, subcutaneous gelatin; VI, subcutaneous carboxymethylcellulose; and VII, subcutaneous gelatin capsule. Only subcutaneous administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone in the gelatin capsule (VII) prolonged the interval from treatment to luteinizing hormone peak; however, there were fewer ewes with peak luteinizing hormone concentrations equal to or greater than 100 ng/ml in VII than II, IV, V, and VI. Ewes in V, VI, and VII had luteinizing hormone surges of longer duration than II and III. Ewes in VII had the longest luteinizing hormone surge, which was 7.5 h, even though luteinizing hormone concentrations did not return to pretreatment concentrations by 8 h posttreatment in three of the four ewes. PMID- 7009666 TI - [Obturator for cleft palate patient (case report)]. PMID- 7009668 TI - Mechanical tests of smooth silver-plated retention pins in amalgam. AB - Retention and stress concentration factors can be improved if a good mechanical bond exists between smooth retention pins and an amalgam restoration. It is shown that, by silver-plating pins and by using a rubbing technique during condensation of the amalgam, a good mechanical bond is produced. Mechanical tests of this bond show that its shear strength is adequate to withstand the stresses likely to be produced by occlusal forces. The form of the tests was: (a) torsion, to demonstrate the performance of the bond in shear and (b) push-through, to provide stress distributions more closely allied to those found under clinical conditions. Plain stainless steel and plated stainless steel pins were compared for their performance and sterling silver pins were used for checking the validity of the torsion test methods. It is concluded from these tests that, with the plating and "rubbing" techniques mentioned, a good mechanical bond is produced which is likely to have value in clinical dentistry. PMID- 7009667 TI - Comparative evaluation of ceramic-metal bond tests using finite element stress analysis. AB - Eleven porcelain-fused-to-metal bond tests were analyzed for interfacial shear stress distribution using finite-element stress analysis. Stress concentration effects are significant in ten of the 11 tests. A high probability of tensile failure within porcelain or the interfacial region was found in eight of the 11 tests analyzed. PMID- 7009670 TI - Demonstration of fibronectin as a major extracellular protein of human gingival fibroblasts. AB - A major extracellular protein of cultured adult human gingival fibroblasts was shown to be fibronectin by indirect immunofluorescence, lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination and metabolic radiolabeling. Fibronectin preparations from these cells possessed the biological properties of agglutination of sheep red blood cells and promotion of cell adhesion to a collagen substrate. PMID- 7009669 TI - The effect of sodium fluoride in acid etching solution on sealant bond and fluoride uptake. AB - Effects of etching with 30% of H3PO4 containing NaF on the enamel surface were re examined. Results indicated that 2.5% NaF in the etchant prevent the sealant bond, but addition of 0.02% NaF resulted in an increase in fluoride content of the enamel surface without a decrease in bond strength. PMID- 7009672 TI - The biologic availability of fluoride from alginate impressions and APF gel applications in children. AB - Ten child volunteers received routine alginate impressions and APF gel topical applications during separate visits. Whole saliva, urine, and surface enamel fluoride concentrations were measured before and after these procedures. Significant increases in salivary, urinary, and enamel fluoride concentrations were observed following APF gel application but only in whole saliva following alginate impressions. PMID- 7009671 TI - Failure at the margin of amalgams as affected by cavity width, tooth position, and alloy selection. AB - The effects of alloy, cavity width, and tooth position on failure rate at the margins of 429 two-year-old Class II amalgams were analyzed. Interpretation of the results from a factorial design indicated that: (1) There were significant differences among alloys; (2) conservative preparations exhibit less breakdown than wider preparations; and (3) there was less failure in lower premolars than in other posterior teeth. PMID- 7009673 TI - Porcelain-metal thermal compatibility. PMID- 7009674 TI - Ask the experts: stump the experts. PMID- 7009675 TI - More surgical gems. Simplified closure of fusiform defects by one or more continuous spiral sutures of two turns. PMID- 7009676 TI - The making of dermatologic surgeons. The first decade of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. AB - The history of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery is traced from its inception in 1970 to the present. Its positive influence on all aspects of dermatology has been demonstrated by the inclusion of dermatologic surgery in dermatologic residency programs and the annual meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology. Other related surgical societies, both national and international, have also been formed following the example of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. PMID- 7009677 TI - Tumor conference #33. Persistent postsurgical cutaneous ulcers. PMID- 7009678 TI - Surgical gem. A simplified method of grafting full-thickness skin onto defects on the nose. PMID- 7009679 TI - Role of prostaglandins in inflammatory and proliferative skin disease. PMID- 7009680 TI - Elevated levels of chemotaxis inhibitory activity in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7009681 TI - Clinical and photobiological differences between dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 7009683 TI - The role of macrophages in incontinentia pigmenti histologica. Migration and phagocytosis of macrophages. PMID- 7009682 TI - Electron microscopic studies of porokeratosis Mibelli --Civatte bodies and amyloid deposits in the dermis. PMID- 7009684 TI - A case of plasmacytosis with multiple peculiar eruptions. PMID- 7009685 TI - Bathtub scalds. PMID- 7009688 TI - Spontaneous gangrene of the scrotum and penis (Fournier's gangrene). PMID- 7009687 TI - An adult case of reactive perforating collagenosis. PMID- 7009686 TI - Papular acrodermatitis of childhood (Gianotti's disease): --a report of two cases. PMID- 7009689 TI - The anesthetic management of the severely burned patient. AB - The anesthetic management of patients with major burns must be based on pathophysiological knowledge of the disease. In the immediate post-burn period hemodynamic changes are of major importance. Because in severe cases any of the determinants of cardiac output can be implicated in these changes, precise physiological measurements are required. Arterial pressure, urinary output, central venous pressure and right heart catheterization can help in choosing the appropriate intervention. The metabolic response to the injury is initially protective, providing enough substrate, but later will lead to extreme levels of catabolism which can impair wound healing and immunological response. The anesthesiologist can decrease that response by providing calories, adequate room temperature, a reduction of the NPO period to the minimum necessary, and avoiding stress situations. Respiratory injury can either affect the upper airway or produce the picture of ARF, which may require special treatment before, during and after surgery. Several technical problems are usually present in the anesthetic management of these patients: 1) difficult airway, 2) scarce venous access, 3) no places available for monitoring, 4) drug dependency, 5) multiple anesthetics, 6) tendency to hypothermia, 7) inaccurate estimation of blood loss, 8) hyperkalemia after succinylcholine administration, and 9) systemic effect of topical medications. PMID- 7009691 TI - Denture adhesives. PMID- 7009696 TI - When should you start planning for retirement? PMID- 7009695 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 7009693 TI - Orthodontic extrusion: a multidisciplinary treatment approach. AB - A multidisciplinary approach, using orthodontic and periodontic treatment and restorative dentistry, is described for restoration of an apparently nonrestorable tooth. PMID- 7009692 TI - Hepatitis B virus: an overview for dentists. AB - Hepatitis B has been singled out as a condition of special concern to dentists as it is frequently severe and debilitating. A review of the literature shows a significant and increasing risk of hepatitis among dentists, especially oral surgeons. Concern is directed toward dentists who contract the disease as well as those who transmit the infection. PMID- 7009694 TI - Human bites to the face: management, review of the literature, and report of a case. AB - The therapeutic and surgical management of avulsive bite injuries to the face is discussed, and a case is presented in which a flap design was used to reconstruct the lower lip after a severe partial avulsion resulting from a human bite. PMID- 7009697 TI - Plan ahead. PMID- 7009690 TI - Primary excision and immediate wound closure. AB - Surgical principles of early excision of devitalized tissue and prompt wound closure which govern the management of all traumatic injuries have been developed in the primary treatment of burns. Topical and systemic antibodies which delay wound infection and control invasive sepsis provide an initial period of two to three weeks in which wound excision and closure is safe and effective. Full support of the central and peripheral circulation, respiratory function, nutrition, and musculoskeletal function are essential features of care until the burn wound is eliminated and closed. Following initial evaluation, wound excision is carried beyond the deepest level of injured tissue. Excision to the level of muscle fascia is used for full-thickness injury and sequential excision in or below the dermis for deep dermal injury. Techniques of skin grafting and subsequent care of the graft are described, including the use of human allografts. Primary excision has reduced mortality, morbidity and later reconstructive measures by a factor of 50% when compared to results obtained by awaiting spontaneous separation of eschar with later grafting. With massive burns the use of allografts from familial donors of close immunologic type and immunosuppression of the patient prolong the period before allograft rejection and permit repeated harvest of the patient's donor sites for permanent wound closure. Over 60% of young burn victims with greater than 70% full-thickness burn injury have survived with this method of treatment. PMID- 7009698 TI - The British object relations theorists: Balint, Winnicott, Fairbairn, Guntrip. AB - What I believe to be the essential contribution of this group of analysts may be summarized as follows. The role of object relations has always been a prominent theme in analytic thought and has become much more so in recent years. Instead of grafting the implications of relations onto a theory that started from a different standpoint, what the British group has done is to show that the development of the person has to be conceived as the progressive differentiation of a structure from a unitary matrix that itself interacts at a holistic personal level from the start. While Balint noted clinical data that required this step, he did not put forward a theoretical scheme. Winnicott, who suggested more specifically how the infant's relationships at the earliest stages patterned its whole subsequent personal development, also refrained from following through the theoretical logic of his observations. Fairbairn was the first analyst to expose the questionable logic of a developmental scheme based upon the energic concepts that Freud retained as his theoretical base. Fairbairn's scheme, however, did not account adequately for the earliest developmental stages as these were inferred from the study of regressive states. Guntrip, making full use of Winnicott's views, has sought to make good this limitation. The British group does not presume to have made anything like an adequate conceptual map for the development of the psyche. The theoretical problems are far too complex for that. They have, however, shown a fruitful direction and have influenced many areas of contemporary psychoanalytic thought. PMID- 7009699 TI - Renal transplantation in children. PMID- 7009700 TI - Primary transplantation: an alternative. PMID- 7009701 TI - Teaching the transplant recipient. PMID- 7009702 TI - The value of in-hospital patient groups for renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7009703 TI - Establishing a teaching plan for adolescents awaiting a cadaver or living related donor transplant. PMID- 7009704 TI - Thoracic duct drainage. PMID- 7009706 TI - The clinical nurse specialist in renal transplantation. PMID- 7009707 TI - Transplantation--patient's point of view. PMID- 7009705 TI - Nursing review of the use and administration of antilymphocyte globulin in renal transplantation. PMID- 7009708 TI - Why a second transplant? PMID- 7009709 TI - My kidney transplant ... with a little help from my friends. PMID- 7009710 TI - A patient's perspective--the donor. PMID- 7009712 TI - [In 1981, are grafts of the cornea always feasible in France?]. PMID- 7009714 TI - [Ophthalmologic pathology in the pregnant woman]. AB - Literature review and report of personal cases concerning the ocular physiopathological problems of pregnant women. Are studied especially chorioretinal perturbations: surgical and medical retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, choroiditis with pseudohistoplasmosis and toxoplasmosis. Are also studied the variations of the visual acuity, ocular tumors and pituitary tumors. PMID- 7009713 TI - [Sutures in cataract extraction... in question format]. PMID- 7009711 TI - An overview of organ donation and recovery. PMID- 7009715 TI - Biotransformation of the pesticide sodium arsenate. AB - Biotransformation is an important parameter in assessing the environmental impact and fate of pesticides since metabolites produced may be either more or less toxic than the parent compound. Sodium arsenate (+5 inorganic), the wood preservative and insecticide, may be converted to both inorganic (+3) and organic compounds (-3) by microorganisms in soil, sediment and water bodies. Biotransformation of sodium arsenate was studied in pure cultures of 5 bacterial species using a mineral salt and limited carbon source medium. Arsenate concentrations were 10 microgram/ml and 100 microgram/ml of arsenic respectively. The rate of biodegradation of the parent compound was described by a first order composite exponential equation of the form Ct = C1e-k1t+C2e-k2t. Rates of production of metabolites (arsenite, monomethylarsine, dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine) were described by a first order exponential equation of the form Ct = Co (1-e-kt). PMID- 7009717 TI - Accessible dental care in an extended care facility. PMID- 7009716 TI - Regulation of 86Rb+ outflow from pancreatic islets III. Possible significance of ATP. AB - Antimycin A, oligomycin or anoxia augmented 86Rb fractional outflow rate (FOR) from prelabelled pancreatic islets, whether in the absence or presence of glucose. This effect could be due to activation of a Ca2+-sensitive modality of K+ extrusion, being little affected by tetraethylammonium and almost completely suppressed by quinine. In the presence of the latter drug, antimycin A still provoked a modest increase in 86Rb FOR, the magnitude of which was positively related to the extracellular glucose concentration and which could correspond to a discharge of mitochondrial 86Rb. It is proposed that the decrease in 86Rb FOR evoked by insulinotropic nutrients (e.g. glucose) may depend, to a limited extent, on an increase in ATP generation rate. PMID- 7009718 TI - Single-stage reconstruction of the subtotally amputated thumb: a synchronous neurovascular flap and Z-plasty. AB - A method is described for the management of thumb amputation at the level of the interphalangeal (IP) joint when the thumb is unsuitable for replantation. This method provides healthy stump coverage with an innervated volar thumb rotation advancement flap, preserving unviolated the critical ulnar dorsal area of the stump. THe deep Z-plasty facilitates the movement of the thumb flap and allows direct closure of the secondary defect. The simultaneous deepening of the web space effectively lengthens the thumb. The method has been used in four patients for whom replantation was not suitable. The flaps have proved safe, reliable, and mobile. Reconstruction is completed in one stage. PMID- 7009719 TI - Preservation of function following complete degloving injuries to the hand: use of simultaneous groin flap, random abdominal flap, and partial-thickness skin graft. AB - Early total wound coverage is effectively achieved in complete degloving injuries to the hand and digits by preliminary skeletal narrowing and shortening, volar partial-thickness skin grafting, and application of a long, axial-pattern attached groin flap to the dorsum of the hand and remaining phalanges. If the thumb has been skeletonized by the initial trauma, simultaneous use of a circumferential random-pattern abdominal flap ensures complete coverage and earlier mobilization. THis combination of techniques is effective in preservation of pinch power and control, hook function of the medial portion of the hand, and general grasp and release attitudes. PMID- 7009720 TI - The theoretical basis of Paul Ehrlich's chemotherapy. PMID- 7009721 TI - The American reception of Salvarsan. PMID- 7009722 TI - Le medecin hydropathe. Color lithograph by Honore Daumier. PMID- 7009723 TI - Richard Carew on the treatment of a 'franticke person' in medieval Cornwall. PMID- 7009724 TI - Stinking air, corrupt water, and the English sweat: a footnote to the quality of life in fifteenth-century London. PMID- 7009725 TI - When did Lionel Wafer die? PMID- 7009726 TI - Dov Alexander Ospovat (1947-1980). PMID- 7009727 TI - Internal antisepsis or the dawn of chemotherapy? PMID- 7009728 TI - Intracellular localization of actin in cultured fibroblasts by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. AB - Antibodies to skeletal muscle actin were produced in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. Direct labeling of SDS-PAGE gels of whole cell homogenates from mouse fibroblast cells showed that actin was the only protein detected by these antibodies. Using this immunospecific reagent, we localized actin in cultured fibroblasts using the EGS fixation-permeabilization procedure with the ferritin bridge labeling technique. Swiss 3T3-4 mouse fibroblasts were chosen as an example of highly adherent untransformed cells with prominent microfilament bundles, and L929 mouse fibroblasts were chosen as an example of poorly adherent, rounded, transformed cells with prominent microvilli. Using these two cell types, we have characterized the intracellular distribution of action. Actin was only detected in locations in which morphologically recognizable 60 A microfilaments were found. By both fluorescence and electron microscopy, actin was found in surface ruffles, microvilli, microfilament bundles, the microfilament mat, and the leading lamellae of Swiss 3T3 and L929 cells. In addition, actin was found surrounding micropinosomes and macropinosomes. On the other hand, there was no actin detected around the base of coated pits. Morphometric quantitation showed that almost all the actin was localized in microfilamentous structures. Our results suggest that actin has an important role in cell motility and adhesion, and in the endocytosis of pinosomes, but that actin may not be involved in intracellular processes such as saltatory motion of intracellular organelles. PMID- 7009729 TI - Antigenic separation of a nonkinin-generating TAMe esterase from human urinary kallikrein and immunohistochemical comparison of their localization in the kidney. AB - Two urinary enzymes that cleave alpha-N-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) have been separated and utilized to elicit monospecific antisera; only one, urinary kallikrein (urokallikrein), had kinin-generating activity. The nonkinin generating TAMe esterase and urokallikrein were antigenically unrelated. Immunoperoxidase studies of normal human kidney revealed localization of nonkinin generating TAMe esterase to epithelial cells of the distal tubule, including the ascending thick limb, the macula densa region, and some areas of convoluted tubule. Immunoreactivity for urokallikrein was confined to reabsorption droplets of proximal tubules and to focal segments of the distal convoluted tubules. Electrophoretic, antigenic, and immunohistochemical studies have established that urokallikrein and a nonkinin-generating TAMe esterase represent two distinct renal distal tubule enzymes. PMID- 7009730 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein: relocation of antigen during frozen section processing. AB - The vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was localized in chick duodenum by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique after tissue was prepared by three different rapid-freezing methods: freeze-thaw, freeze-drying, and freeze substitution. Sections prepared by freeze-thawing demonstrated CaBP-specific fluorescence over goblet cells and at the absorptive surface of villi, but not in absorptive cells. Sections from the same or adjacent segments prepared by freeze drying or freeze-substitution produced virtually the opposite pattern of CaBP distribution. CaBP-specific fluorescence was associated with absorptive cell cytoplasm but not with goblet cells. From the results of experiments in which 6 micrometer freeze-dried sections were rehydrated, it was concluded that in the presence of an aqueous environment CaBP migrated from absorptive cells to discrete localization sites bound to goblet cell mucus, possibly to the calcium present in the mucus. By analogy, it was concluded that CaBP in association with goblet cells and the absorptive surface in sections prepared by the freeze-thaw method represented an artifactual localization. The true in situ localization of CaBP in chick duodenum was that which was present in absorptive cell cytoplasm. PMID- 7009731 TI - A simple method for the preparation of cell cultures for ultrastructural investigation. AB - A method is described that allows investigation of cultured cells at the light or electron microscopical level without changing the culturing conditions or the in situ situation during dehydration or embedding. Fixed and dehydrated cell culture layers were cut into small pieces and separated from the plastic dish by adding propylene oxide. With this simple method we could obtain orientated sections of selected cell groups. PMID- 7009734 TI - Some toxic compounds produced in food by cooking and processing. AB - Both cooking and processing of food can produce toxic compounds in food, if the appropriate precursors are present. N-Nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, lipid polymerisation products resulting from deep-fat frying, lipid oxidation products, Maillard-browning products and other products of protein reactions are discussed as well as their formation, concentration and control. The conclusion points out that contamination of human food is almost impossible to avoid and must be considered together with the beneficial effects of food processing on food safety, flavour, shelf-life and convenience. PMID- 7009735 TI - In vitro regeneration of resting lymphocytes from stimulated lymphocytes and its inhibition by insulin. AB - Concanavalin A- (Con A) stimulated mouse lymphocytes were separated from unstimulated cell populations by a bovine serum albumin (BSA) density gradient centrifugation 2 days after the stimulation. The stimulated cells divided, but did not initiate a new round of DNA replication when cultured further in the absence of Con A. The divided cells became similar in various properties to unstimulated lymphocytes during a prolonged incubation, suggesting that they entered the resting state. In the present study, the process toward the resting state of lymphocytes from the proliferating state was manifested by: a) a decrease in a cell volume, b) lowering of protein content, c) a loss of responsiveness to T cell growth factor (Interleukin 2) (TCGF(IL2)) probably as a result of disappearance of TCGF(IL2) receptors, d) disappearance of insulin receptors, and e) a duration of time lag between the addition of Con A and the onset of DNA synthesis. In addition, it was found that insulin was not mitogenic for recently divided lymphocytes, but prevented these cells from entering the resting state. This suggests that there may be an in vivo system that keeps stimulated lymphocytes highly responsive to antigens for at least several days without initiating DNA synthesis and cell division. PMID- 7009733 TI - Trace metals in human and animal health. PMID- 7009732 TI - The role of autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques in the clarification of sites of metabolism and action of vitamin D. PMID- 7009738 TI - Genetically conferred defect in anti-Salmonella antibody formation renders CBA/N mice innately susceptible to Salmonella typhimurium infection. PMID- 7009736 TI - Acid hydrolases and tryptase from secretory granules of dispersed human lung mast cells. AB - beta-Hexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatase, and tryptase were each released along with histamine from dispersed purified human lung mast cells of 40 to 80% purity by rabbit IgG anti-human IgE. The net per cent release ratio of each enzyme to histamine was determined over all doses of antibody employed to activate the mast cells and over all time points after activation, and indicated the per cent of each enzyme stored in secretory granules along with histamine. By multiplying the net per cent release ratio of each enzyme to histamine by total enzyme content in a preparation of 10(6) mast cells, values for secretory granule content per 10(6) mast cells were found to be 3.8 U for beta-hexosaminidase, 0.03 U for beta-glucuronidase, 0.03 U for arylsulfatase, and 0.9 U for tryptase. Subtype analysis of beta-hexosaminidase by diethylaminoethyl- (DEAE) cellulose chromatography revealed that the B isomer predominates in human mast cell secretory granules, whereas the A isomer predominates in secretory granules of the rat mast cell. Tryptase, the predominant neutral protease of the human mast cell secretory granule, has a m.w. of 130,000 by gel filtration chromatography, whereas the major neutral protease of the rat mast cell is chymotryptic and of 25,000 m.w. The presence of acid hydrolases, a tryptase, and histamine in human mast cell secretory granules suggests that the activated mast cell plays a direct role in the production of acute and subacute inflammation. PMID- 7009737 TI - Clonal variation in expression of a human melanoma antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Previous work established 3 monoclonal mouse antibodies, 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, which define an antigenic determinant that is expressed by a human melanoma, M1804, and, in smaller amounts, by another melanoma, M1801. In the present study we first investigated the expression of this determinant, which we refer to as 3.1, by cells from different melanomas, using membrane immunofluorescence techniques. We found that some tumors, such as M1801, appeared to be mixtures of cells that varied in their expression of 3.1. Clones were established from cultures of M1801 and M1804, and their expression of 3.1 was studied by a variety of serologic techniques, including membrane immunofluorescence, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and absorption. Some of the clones expressed determinant 3.1, and others did not. By recloning a late passage of a 3.1-positive clone from M1801, a negative subclone was established, proving that 3.1-positive cells can yield 3.1 negative progeny. A clone that had lost 3.1 was tested and found to still express p97, an antigen defined by a different monoclonal antibody. We conclude that since some melanomas are heterogeneous with respect to the expression of antigenic determinant 3.1, and since 3.1 negative progeny can be derived from 3.1 positive cells, there is the potential for selection of 3.1-negative cells. The implications of this, for antigenic determinant 3.1 and possibly for other tumor antigens, must be taken into account when considering using monoclonal antibodies for tumor therapy. PMID- 7009740 TI - Altered natural killer cell biology in C57BL/6 mice after leukemogenic split-dose irradiation. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was examined in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice given leukemogenic split-dose irradiation. The radiation protocol resulted in severe depression of spontaneous NK cell activity; this activity was not fully restored after treatment with the interferon inducer poly I:C. In vitro mixing studies provided no evidence for active suppression in vivo as a mechanism for this decrease in activity. In addition, spontaneous activity was restored towards control levels after bone marrow transfusion from nonirradiated mice. Despite the low NK cell activity, there was no difference between control and irradiated mice in the numbers of target-binding cells (TBC). The results are most compatible with the radiation-induced loss of a cell with normal NK activity from spleen and bone marrow after the split-dose radiation protocol. In addition, a population of cells able to competitively block normal NK cell lysis of YAC-1 tumor cells is found in the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus of the irradiated mice lacking NK cell activity. These findings are considered from the perspective of their implications regarding NK cell ontogeny, and the possible role of the NK cell in radiation leukemogenesis. PMID- 7009741 TI - A lymphokine resembling transfer factor that stimulates MIF production by nonsensitive lymphocytes. AB - High potency preparations of a new heat-labile, low m.w. (less than 5000) lymphokine (LMWL) were obtained by culturing tuberculin-sensitive guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) with PPD in geometric conditions that promote amplified lymphokine production. This LMWL has the ability, in the presence of PPD, to stimulate nonsensitive PEC to produce a heat-stable molecule(s) resembling MIF with a m.w. in the range 50,000 to 100,000. The effects of the LMWL (less than 5000 daltons) and the MIF-like molecule(s) (50,000 to 100,000 daltons) were defined by the indirect macrophage migration assay and a macrophage deoxyglucose uptake assay. It is possible that LMWL represents a form of transfer factor with the ability to recruit unsensitized lymphocytes to produce MIF. PMID- 7009739 TI - Mouse c1q: light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization. AB - The localization of mouse C1q in various mouse tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In all mouse strains examined, C1q was associated with cells in small focal areas of lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleens often near germinal centers. Ultrastructural studies of these foci demonstrated that C1q was present in the endoplasmic reticulum of mononucleated cells that had an extensive cytoplasmic network. Occasionally, small deposits of C1q were observed in the perinuclear space of mononucleated cells that had scanty cytoplasm with few organelles. Extracellular C1q was found at the surface of interdigitating cell processes in these lymphatic foci. In addition to the presence of C1q within lympho-reticular tissues, C1q frequently was detected in renal glomeruli but not in urinary tract epithelium or intestinal epithelium of adult mice; in contrast, C1q was localized in the intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice. C1q was not detected in tissue fibroblasts nor in cultured fibroblasts; however, a subpopulation of mouse adherent peritoneal cells maintained in vitro did contain C1q. The results of these studies provide new information regarding the distribution and, thus, the possible sites of C1q biosynthesis in normal mouse tissues. PMID- 7009742 TI - A monoclonal antibody that identifies human peripheral blood monocytes recognizes the accessory- cells required for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. AB - These studies were carried out to evaluate the functional characteristics of the cells identified by a monoclonal anti-human mononuclear phagocyte (M phi) antibody, 63D3. This antibody reacts specifically with all human peripheral blood M phi and not with normal human peripheral blood T or B cells. By using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were sorted into 63D3-positive and 63D3-negative populations. Cell volume analysis indicated that 63D3-negative cells were identical to the non-adherent cells (NAC) in PBM, whereas 63D3-positive cells had a bimodal size distribution comparable to glass-adherent cells (AC). Neither 63D3-negative cells nor NAC were able to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation, whereas co-culture with either mitomycin C-treated AC or 63D3-positive cells restored mitogen responsiveness. Thus, the 63D3-positive population contains the relevant accessory cell required for mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 7009743 TI - Blastogenic responses of human lymphocytes to structurally defined polypeptide fragments of streptococcal M protein. PMID- 7009744 TI - Role of virus-replicating T cells in the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 7009745 TI - The fine specificity of immune suppression to individual nucleosides. AB - The fine specificity of immune suppression was further studied in a murine experimental model in which the induction and expression of suppression by individual nucleoside-bound spleen cells were examined. The experiments were undertaken: a) to determine whether all 4 nucleosides have the ability to elicit suppressor T cells; b) to examine the specificity of cross-suppression induced by individual nucleosides; and c) to establish that nucleoside-specific suppression is mediated by T cells bearing nucleoside-specific receptors. The results show that, of the 4 nucleosides studied, only guanosine and thymine riboside were capable of eliciting immune suppression. Thymine riboside-coupled spleen cells induced cross-suppression to all 4 nucleosides. Furthermore, the nonresponsive state generated by guanosine-spleen cells was found to be transferable and mediated by nucleoside-binding T cells. The ability of only select nucleosides to elicit immune suppression is discussed in the context of recent evidence demonstrating the selective activation of T cell subsets by intramolecular antigenic determinants. PMID- 7009746 TI - Limiting dilution assays for the determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. I. Data analysis. AB - A statistical method was developed for the analysis of experimental data from limiting dilution assays. Formulas for the estimation of the frequency of immunocompetent cells within a test population were derived by the statistical methods of weighted averaging, likelihood maximization, and X2 minimization. Equations for the latter 2 were solved by Newton's method of iterative approximation. Estimates obtained by these methods were found to be more valid than those obtained by least squares (LS) fitting as judged by the X2 test and as established by Monte Carlo experiments. X2 minimization was chosen as the preferable estimation method with maximum accuracy and precision (minimum bias and variance) for the standard determination of frequencies; likelihood maximization was used only for the confirmation of results. When data from previously published experiments were reanalyzed, both results and conclusions were found to differ significantly from those originally obtained by LS fitting, thus demonstrating the importance of using proper data analysis methods. In conjunction with the use of available calculators or microcomputers, the method presented here provides a simple and rapid procedure for the valid determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. PMID- 7009747 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies: strategy and tactics. AB - A myeloma line has been developed which produces no globulin chains of its own, has a duplication of 8.7 h, fuses effectively with B-lymphoblasts and produces stable hybrids. An enhancing effect of macrophages on hybridoma yields has been observed. Among the fusing agents tested, PEG of mol.wt. 4000 gave the best results, 20 degrees C being the optimum working temperature. The maintenance medium of choice has been found to be Iscove's with 10% FCS. Direct exposure of fusion cultures to a selective medium with hypoxanthine, aminopterine and thymidine reduced the labor involved and increased the yield. A mechanical device for changing the medium has been designed. The replacement of standard trays by microtrays resulted in a higher frequency of surviving hybrids. By using a feeder layer, the spleen cell input can be reduced 50-fold. At such low multiplicities the positive cultures arise predominantly from single hybrids, eliminating the need for subsequent cloning. The hybrids can be labelled and will yield in serum free medium. Since at least a third of them inherit the fast growth rate of their myeloma parent and keep producing over 2000 antibody molecules per second, readaptation to ascitic growth is also superfluous. A simplified technique of producing monoclonal antibodies is given in detail, together with the experimental evidence prompting modifications of the classical method of Kohler and Milstein (1975, 1976). PMID- 7009749 TI - Screening and replica plating of anti-hapten hybridomas with a transfer template hemolytic spot assay. AB - A localized hemolysis in gel assay is described for screening microcultures of hybridomas for the production of anti-hapten antibody. The keys to the rapid screening assay reported here are a special fenestrated transfer template and an improved hapten conjugated target cell. The transfer template is a 96-well plate with a calibrated hole in the bottom center of each well. To assay for anti hapten antibodies, the transfer template is positioned over a 96-well microculture plate containing the growing hybridomas. After making contact with the tissue culture supernatant each orifice of the transfer template retains approximately 2 microliter of tissue culture supernatant. The transfer template is then placed onto an assay slide containing a thin layer of hapten conjugated target erythrocytes incorporated into agarose. After incubation with an anti immunoglobulin and complement, areas of localized hemolysis in the gel indicate hybridomas which are secreting anti-hapten antibodies. The assay detects as little as 10 pg of antibody. Since the transfer template can be used as a replica plate, one can repeatedly transfer samples to various slides which contain either different hapten target cells or different hapten analog inhibitors in the agarose layer. Therefore, in addition to rapidly screening microcultures for positive hybridomas this procedure permits the characterization of each monoclonal antibody's fine specificity. PMID- 7009750 TI - An anti-human t-lymphocyte antiserum. Further characterization of the specificity for T-cell subpopulations and a comparison of methods for identification of T lymphocytes in tissue sections. AB - An anti-human T-lymphocyte antiserum has been further studied for specificity for T-cell subpopulations and application in tissue sections. Using a complement dependent microcytotoxicity assay about 60% of normal peripheral blood T-cells were found to be sensitive to lysis, while 40% were resistant. When the T-cell suspensions were depleted of TG-cells using EA (Ripley) rosette sedimentation, the remaining cells demonstrated an increased percentage of lysis-sensitive cells, while the T-cells enriched in EA-RFC demonstrated a decreased percentage of cells sensitive to lysis, indicating that the antiserum was primarily directed against the non TG-cells, i.e. probably the TM helper cell population. This was further supported by functional studies. In order to quantitate T-cells, cytocentrifuge preparations were made from cell suspensions with known T-cell percentages and the T-cells determined with both the immune adherence technique using AET-treated sheep erythrocytes, as well as the indirect immunofluorescence technique using anti-T antiserum. The results of the two methods correlated well, suggesting that both methods can be used to determine T-cells in situ in infiltrate-like clusters of cells. PMID- 7009748 TI - A quantitative immunofluorescence test for the detection of anti-Candida antibodies. AB - A quantitative immunofluorescence assay for anti-Candida antibodies has been developed using a recently introduced system that includes an automatic fluorometer and a special immunoadsorbent for antigen coating. A commercially available cytoplasmic antigen preparation was adsorbed into the substrate, and after incubation with sera from patients with systemic candidiasis or from normal controls, the antibodies bound to the antigen-coated immunoadsorbent were revealed by the use of fluorescein-labeled antisera to human immunoglobulins. Using doubling dilutions of a high titer serum, a positive relation was found between antibody concentration and the logarithm of the intensity of fluorescence. Quantitative assays of unknown samples were performed using a calibration curve constructed from dilutions of that strongly positive sample; the results of antibody determinations were expressed as percentages of the control. Seven of 9 sera from patients with systemic candidiasis, and only 2 of 42 from asymptomatic individuals, had antibody levels considered significant in this assay. Precipitating antibodies were detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all patients and in 18 of the asymptomatic controls; measurable antibody levels were also found in 14 controls showing no precipitating antibodies. This assay is simple, sensitive and inexpensive, and its quantitative nature makes it useful in the investigation of the immune response to C. albicans. PMID- 7009751 TI - Detection of immunoglobulin-secreting lymphocytes by the use of a hemolytic plaque assay in liquid phase. AB - This paper describes a modification of the reverse hemolytic plaque assay allowing the enumeration of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting lymphocytes at rest or after in vitro stimulation. Ig-secreting cells are mixed with anti-Ig coated sheep red blood cells, developing anti-Ig antiserum and complement in liquid medium. This mixture is pipetted between two slides and the hemolytic plaques are numerated after incubation at 37 degrees C. The class of Ig secreted can be determined using a monospecific developing antiserum. This technique is easier to perform and more economical than the previously described method using agarose without loss of sensitivity, the number of plaques detected being about the same and the kinetic of their appearance comparable. PMID- 7009754 TI - Competitive enzyme immunoassay for human plasma fibronectin. AB - A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the determination of fibronectin in plasma is described. An enzyme conjugate prepared by coupling alkaline phosphatase to rabbit anti-human fibronectin antibodies by glutaraldehyde was used as principal reagent. The assay was performed by coating polystyrene tubes with purified fibronectin and reacting these coated tubes with a mixture of sample and enzyme labeled antibodies. After overnight incubation, the amount of enzyme activity associated with the tube was determined. An assay range of 0.5-20 microgram/ml of fibronectin was obtained. The mean concentration of plasma fibronectin in female patients was found to be 270 microgram/ml (standard deviation 50 microgram/ml, n = 22). Denatured fibronectin had low activity in the assay. The presence of cross reacting antigens in rat and guinea pig plasma was demonstrated by the enzyme immunoassay technique. PMID- 7009752 TI - On the mutagenic action of some enzyme immunoassay substrates. AB - The mutagenic action of six compounds used in ELISA, EMIT and EIA assays, was investigated by means of the fluctuation test, with Klebsiella pneumoniae as a test organism, and the Ames' plate incorporation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1537. It appears that 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethyl benzthiazoline sulphonic acid (6)) or ABTS exerts mutagenic action on Klebsiella pneumoniae at a concentration of 11 g/l, on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 at a top agar concentration of 0.1 g/l, on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 at 0.2 g/l and on Salmonella typhimurium TA 1537 at 10 g/l. With umbelliferone, mutagenic action was found only with Klebsiella pneumoniae at a concentration of 0.8 g/l or higher. With o-phenylenediamine, strong mutagenic activity was found only with strain TA 98 and metabolic activation at a top agar concentration of 0.001 g/l. With 5-aminosalicylic acid, beta-methylumbelliferone and p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, no mutagenic action was observed. PMID- 7009753 TI - Antigen density in ELISA; effect on avidity dependency. AB - Two different densities of an antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA) were used on paper disks is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for chicken IgG anti BSA antibodies. Disks of different antigen density but containing the same amount of the antigen showed a difference in immunoreactivity. Samples containing large amounts of low avidity antibodies gave higher absorbance when disks of lower antigen density were used. This phenomenon was not due to a competition between antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes. These findings may indicate that antigen density affects the sensitivity of ELISA to antibodies of various avidities. PMID- 7009755 TI - An inexpensive, portable, battery-operated photometer for the reading of ELISA tests in microtitration plates. AB - We described an inexpensive, portable, battery-operated photometer which can read the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96-well microtitre trays. An example is given of its use to measure IgG antibody to human collagen type II in a serum sample from a rheumatoid arthritis patient known to have a high titre of antibody to cartilage by immunofluorescence. When the same samples were read first with the portable photometer and then in a spectrophotometer (Unicam SP 1800), the accuracy of the two devices was comparable, but the readings were obtained far more quickly in the photometer. PMID- 7009756 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis: technical problems with nitrocellulose filters in Boyden type chambers. AB - The chemotactic migration of murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in Boyden type chambers was compared in Sartorius membranes which were untreated, or had been autoclaved, and which had been mounted in the chambers in alternative orientations. Migration was assessed by the leading front method. The PMN migrated significantly further in the untreated filters than in filters which had been autoclaved. The orientation of untreated filters in the chamber was critical: PMN migrated less far in filters which had been mounted in their original orientation in the shipping box than in filters which had been inverted before mounting. PMID- 7009757 TI - Three polyethylene glycol dependent methods for the detection or circulating immune complexes in pathological sera: comparison with the Raji cell method. AB - A composite method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and different markers for detecting circulating immune complexes (CIC) is described. The markers used are bovine conglutinin (RK-BA), C1q (C1q-BA) and IgG, IgM quantitation of PEG precipitate (RID-Ig). A composite scoring system is used in interpreting results from individual assays. The sensitivity of multiple PEG methods (MPM) was determined in 418 serum samples and compared with Raji cell assay in 204. Correlations between individual assays, viz., RK-BA-C1q-BA, RID-Ig and Raji cell test in several disease conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, post-renal transplantation, maintenance haemodialysis, multiple sclerosis and normal pregnancies were computed. The relative discriminatory ability of a single PEG technique to differentiate normal from pathological sera in these disease states was observed in comparison with the composite PEG index. This index gives an improved assessment of abnormal sera, is simple and sensitive and has some advantages over biological techniques such as the Raji cell assay.U PMID- 7009758 TI - A modified Farr technique for the detection of antibody in the presence of antigen-antibody complexes. AB - Antibody bound in an antigen-antibody complex was barely detectable by the standard Farr technique using 10 microgram/ml of radiolabeled antigen. When the Farr test was repeated using larger concentrations of antigen the ABC measurements increased several-fold. In separate experiments complexes were dissociated with low pH buffer. The radiolabeled antigen was then added and the mixture returned to neutral pH before the Farr assay was performed. Pretreatment of the complexes with citrate-buffered saline pH 3.1 enhanced antibody measurements 1.5-3.6-fold. Pretreatment with glycine-buffered saline pH 2.2 enhanced complexed antibody measurements 2.1-4.8-fold. The low pH buffers did not affect ABC values on free antibody. Antibody bound in immune complexes can be detected with a modified Farr technique using a high concentration of antigen and/or by pretreatment of the complexes with low pH buffers before the addition of radiolabeled antigen. PMID- 7009759 TI - Differential graft resistance of C3H mice pretreated with antitumor drugs against BALB/c bone marrow or lymphoma cells. AB - Sequential treatment of mice with 5-(3,3'-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4 carboxamide (DTIC) and Cyclophosphamide (Cy) produced long-term inhibition of endogenous cells proliferation in the spleen and impairment of classical allograft response, similar to that obtainable with lethal total body irradiation. The growth of BALB/c bone marrow or of virus-induced LSTRA leukemia of BALB/c origin, was studied comparatively in drug-treated or irradiated histocompatible (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 or allogeneic C3H/HeN hosts. No splenic resistance of Hh type against bone-marrow cells was detected in C3H recipients, either irradiated or drug-treated, confirming previous studies on the Hh susceptibility of C3H strain. In contrast, strong transplantation resistance was detected in the spleen, liver and lung of the same hosts, irradiated or drug treated, and challenged with LSTRA cells. It follows that Hh-susceptible mice are competent for mounting a localized radioresistant and drug-resistant response, directed against a virus-induced lymphoma. PMID- 7009760 TI - Immunokinetics of a single dose of thymopoietin pentapeptide. AB - 14 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis and a low number of E rosette forming cells were given single doses of 5 mg and 50 mg of thymopoietin intravenously. Thymopoietin pentapeptide produced a dose-related sustained increase in E-rosette forming lymphocytes as shown by the decrease of thymopoietin dependent rosetting ratio. A single dose of 50 mg restored the number of E-rosette forming cells to normal after 12 h and this effect lasted 60 to 7 days. With the administration of 5 E-rosette forming cells markedly increased after 12 h and returned to the pretreatment level on the 2nd day. These immunokinetic data clarify some aspects of the clinical pharmacology of thymopoietin pentapeptide and must be considered for a rational schedule of treatment with the drug. PMID- 7009761 TI - Obstructed labour due to foetal ascites. PMID- 7009762 TI - Goethe S. Link, M.D. 1879-1980. PMID- 7009763 TI - Report on a case of maxillary and mandibular laminate veneers. PMID- 7009765 TI - [Studies on chromium-cobalt alloys for denture base casting]. PMID- 7009767 TI - Vaginal reconstruction: procedures following radical pelvic surgery. PMID- 7009764 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: ultrastructural and immunological studies. AB - Four patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita were investigated using immunofluorescence, routine electron microscopic and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated linear immunoglobulin and complement deposition along the dermal-epidermal junction. These findings are similar to those seen in skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid. Immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrated that the immunoreactants were localized below the subbasal lamina-anchoring fibril zone of the basement membrane, thereby clearly distinguishing the immunopathology of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita from that seen in bullous pemphigoid. Indirect immunoelectron microscopic findings suggest that epidermal basal cells of affected patients may secrete the dermal substances to which the antibodies bind. PMID- 7009768 TI - Managing refractory hypertension: assessing the use of a new antihypertensive agent. PMID- 7009766 TI - [Studies on the immuno-suppressive effects of adriamycin and tumor metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - Most of the antineoplastic agents were known to have immuno-suppressive effect. The purpose of the present work is to test the immuno-suppressive effect of adriamycin, an effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the field of clinical orthopedics. Isogenic ACI rats and their transplantable fibrosarcoma AMC 60 were used as test materials. Tumor cells were injected as an artificial model for pulmonary metastasis or inoculated into the tibial bone to examine any metastatic focus other than the inoculated site. Administration of one course of adriamycin in the same way as that was given in patients induced temporarily leucopenia with prominent decrease of granulocytes. Adriamycin suppressed humoral antibody production to sheep erythrocytes in the treated rats and also suppressed cellular immune response expressed by skin reaction to PHA in the treated rats. Administration of adriamycin one week before tumor inoculation into immune rats which have acquired immunity to AMC-60 through preimmunization with the tumor, induced increased incidence of pulmonary metastasis, whereas administration of adriamycin after tumor inoculation resulted in decreased incidence of metastasis or healing of the inoculated tumor. Inoculation of bone marrow cells from healthy rats restored the impaired immunity. In unimmunized rats, pretreatment by adriamycin resulted in accelerated tumor growth at the inoculated site and increased incidence of metastasis. On the other hand, adriamycin given after tumor inoculation suppressed tumor growth and repeated administration of adriamycin induced healing of the inoculated tumor. The present data indicates that even an effective antineoplastic agent will interfere with the immune surveillance system of the host and result in accelerated tumor growth or increased incidence of metastasis when improperly given. A continual efforts to search for a less immuno-suppressive and effective method of administration of a given antineoplastic agent is necessary. PMID- 7009769 TI - The transplacental transfer of cephradine. PMID- 7009770 TI - The health care profession on the threshold of the eighties: physician and nurse. PMID- 7009771 TI - Aphrodisiacs in the kitchen. PMID- 7009772 TI - Alveolar macrophage secrets. PMID- 7009773 TI - Proteolytic enzymes in bronchopulmonary lavage fluids: cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase. AB - Two proteolytic enzymes, a cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase activity, were demonstrated in cellular elements and fluids obtained from human bronchopulmonary washings and in fragments of human lung tissue. Model synthetic substrates were used for the determination of enzyme activities. Cathepsin B-like activity was determined with N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-2 naphthylamide. The rate of reaction with this substrate was 300 times greater than the rate with alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginyl-2-naphthylamide, a substrate commonly used for the determination of cathepsin B activity. Prolyl endopeptidase was determined with N-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-sulfamethoxazole as the substrate. The two model substrates make possible the determination of enzyme activities in as little as 10 to 50 microliters of lavage fluid. High cathepsin B like activity and prolyl endopeptidase were generally associated with high macrophage counts in lavage fluids. This observation and the findings that cathepsin B activity is more than 4.5 times higher in normal monocytes than in neutrophils and that prolyl endopeptidase activity could not be detected in normal neutrophils suggest that the enzymes in lavage fluids are mainly derived from macrophages. Large differences in cathepsin B-like activity in certain lavage fluids containing similar macrophage counts suggest the possibility of enzyme induction in these cells. High cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase were also found in lavage fluids after removal of cells by centrifugation. The possibility that these enzymes affect collagen turnover and lung remodeling needs to be explored. PMID- 7009775 TI - Oestradiol-17 beta increases pituitary responsiveness by a mechanism that involves the release and the priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing factor. AB - We have investigated the mechanism by which oestradiol-17 beta augments pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH-RF). Adult rats were ovariectomized on the morning of dioestrus and implanted with either an empty silicone elastomer capsule or a capsule containing oestradiol-17 beta. Twelve hours later the LH response, tested by injecting 50 ng LH-RF/100 g i.v., was significantly greater in animals implanted with an oestradiol capsule compared with that in animals implanted with an empty capsule. The effect of oestradiol was blocked by sodium pentobarbitone administered 4 h before the test, and this block was overcome by infusing LH-RF during the 4 h period at doses which by themselves were not sufficient to evoke a large release of LH. We also measured LH-RF in pituitary stalk blood collected under Althesin anaesthesia between 4-6 and 12-13 h after ovariectomy and capsule implantation. The concentration of LH RF in stalk plasma fell between these two collection periods in animals implanted with empty but not with oestradiol-filled capsules. The concentrations of LH-RF in stalk plasma, although relatively low, were significantly higher in animals bearing an oestradiol-containing capsule than the concentrations in peripheral plasma from similarly treated animals, and, by comparison with the LH-RF concentrations in peripheral plasma from animals infused with LH-RF, were sufficiently high to increase significantly the responsiveness of the pituitary gland. These data show that as well as acting directly on the pituitary gonadotrophs, oestradiol-17 beta increases the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland by a mechanism that involves the release and the priming effect of LH-RF. PMID- 7009774 TI - Cell replication in the islets of langerhans of adult rats: effects of pregnancy, ovariectomy and treatment with steroid hormones. AB - It was possible to vary the replication rate of cells in the islets of Langerhans of adult rats. The rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into islet DNA was increased at 12 days of pregnancy to 2.3-fold and at 19 days of pregnancy to 1.3 fold that in control rats. Ovariectomy, which leads to lowered plasma levels of ovarian steroids, induced a significant and unexpected increase in the rate of thymidine incorporation into islets; treatment of ovariectomized rats with 2 micrograms oestradiol/rat per day for 3 days reversed this upward trend. When islets from normal rats were cultured with certain combinations of steroid hormones including progesterone and oestradiol or with insulin secretagogues, with the exception of glucose, a decreased rate of DNA synthesis was usually found compared with that in control rats. Since treatment with steroid hormones inhibited incorporation of [3H]thymidine into islets from ovariectomized rats and directly reduced incorporation into tissue-cultured islets from normal rats in vitro, it was concluded that increased levels of steroid hormones were not responsible for the higher rate of regeneration of islet cells in pregnant rats. However, a striking correlation between levels of blood glucose in vivo and DNA synthesis in islets in vitro has been observed. PMID- 7009777 TI - Factors that influence regeneration of the neuromuscular junction. AB - Regeneration of neuromuscular junctions after trauma occurs in an orderly way and relies on communication between nerve and muscle. This paper summarizes evidence that factors which direct the growth and differentiation of both pre- and postsynaptic components of regenerating neuromuscular junctions are associated with the extracellular matrix of muscles. PMID- 7009778 TI - Development of an amphibian neuromuscular junction in vivo and in culture. AB - During normal development presumptive synaptic sites in the myotomes of Xenopus laevis begin to acquire a high density of ACh receptors within as little as 2 h after the arrival of the nerve fibres. Synaptic function also begins very shortly after the arrival of the nerve fibres. Initially synaptic currents are some eight times longer lasting than at maturity and are not prolonged by anticholinesterase. During the first day after nerve-muscle contact is made there is a considerable decrease in synaptic current duration, sensitivity to anticholinesterase develops, and synaptic ultrastructure becomes apparent. Schwann cells do not arrive until later. Synaptic development proceeds with a similar rapid time course in cultures of dissociated myotomes and spinal cord derived from Xenopus embryos. The cultured muscle cells also develop synaptic specializations in the absence of nerve including sites of high ACh receptor density, cholinesterase activity, and postsynaptic ultrastructure. Studies on mixed nerve and muscle cultures have further revealed that muscle impulse and contractile activity is unnecessary for the development of synaptic ultrastructure or for the localization of ACh receptors, that the localization of ACh receptors at nerve-muscle contacts is nerve-induced and involves a redistribution of surface receptors, and that the development of synaptic specializations does not occur at nerve-muscle contacts when the source of nerve is dorsal root ganglia or sympathetic ganglia rather than spinal cord. PMID- 7009780 TI - [Award of the Scherer Medal to Hansjurgen Staudinger]. PMID- 7009779 TI - Preliminary studies on the use of monoclonal antibodies as probes for sympathetic development. AB - The precise structural organization and proper functioning of the adult nervous system depend on the ability of neurones to make highly ordered synaptic connexions. To define molecules involved in the development of these connexions and to study their functional roles, we use primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurones grown in the virtual absence of non-neuronal cells. These neurones can develop adrenergic or cholinergic properties, depending on the environment in which they are grown. This ability to manipulate neuronal phenotype is being used in an attempt to identify cell surface macromolecules that are important in the development or function of adrenergic and cholinergic properties. We have produced monoclonal antibodies against the surface membranes of these neurones and are in the process of characterizing them. Results are presented on the binding specificity of one of these antibodies and on the effect of two other antibodies on neurotransmitter synthesis, uptake, and release. PMID- 7009776 TI - Effects of an anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen (ICI 45,474), on luteinizing hormone release and ovulation in the hen. AB - The role of oestradiol in the regulation of LH release in the hen was studied by use of the anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen (ICI 46,474). Intramuscular injection of laying hens with 2 or 4 mg tamoxifen on 2 successive days delayed or prevented the occurrence of the preovulatory release of LH and ovulation expected on day 3. Ovulation could be restored by i.v. injection of 20 micrograms LH releasing hormone (LH-RH). Tamoxifen at a dose of 1 mg affected neither the timing of the preovulatory release of LH nor ovulation. Treatment with 2 or 4 mg tamoxifen on 2 successive days reduced the effectiveness of an i.m. injection of progesterone to stimulate a release of LH. Injection of 1, 2 or 4 mg tamoxifen on 2 successive days significantly raised basal levels of LH in the blood at 24 h after the last injection. This was associated with an increase in the capacity of the pituitary gland to respond to an injection of synthetic LH-RH by a release of LH. These studies suggest that oestradiol has at least two roles in the regulation of LH release in the hen. First, it maintains a low basal level of LH-RH. Secondly, oestradiol has a facilitative role in the mechanism by which progesterone stimulates the preovulatory release of LH. PMID- 7009781 TI - The complicated insulin-dependent juvenile diabetic. PMID- 7009782 TI - Initial rate studies of hydrolysis and acyl migration in methylprednisolone 21 hemisuccinate and 17-hemisuccinate. AB - The degradation of methylprednisolone 21-succinate in aqueous solution was examined as a function of pH at 25 degrees by monitoring the initial rates of product formation. In addition to hydrolysis, acyl migration fro the 21-hydroxyl group was found to be an important reaction. The 17-succinate was isolated, and its decomposition to the 21-succinate was followed by the initial rate method. Direct hydrolysis of the 17-ester was much slower than the 17 leads to 21 acyl migration under alkaline conditions. From the rate constants for the forward and reverse acyl migration, it may be concluded that the 21-ester is thermodynamically more stable, even though its alkaline hydrolysis is faster. The hydrolysis of the 21-ester and the reversible rearrangement are subject to intramolecular catalysis by the terminal carboxyl group, for which a kinetic pKa value of 4.5-4.6 was estimated. PMID- 7009785 TI - Current concepts about schizophrenics and family relationships. AB - This review notes that two new series of studies of the family relationships of schizophrenics are now emerging. One approach, giving special emphasis to the concept of communication deviance, examines family relationships in prospective longitudinal studies of children and adolescents who are at increased risk for later psychopathology, including schizophrenia. A second approach studies expressed emotion of key relatives as a predictor of subsequent course of illness in persons who already have been diagnosed as schizophrenic. A considerable diversity of methods for studying family relationships are now available, some with patient absent and some with the family members observed indirect interaction with one another. Implications for pathogenesis and treatment are discussed, as well as methodological and substantive problems requiring further investigation. PMID- 7009784 TI - Can mother-infant interaction produce vulnerability to schizophrenia? AB - Schizophrenia is regarded as a final common behavioral syndrome which may be arrived at though a variety of routes. Even with a probably genotype, environmental influence seems necessary for the phenotype to appear. The problem concerns the likelihood of an early experience-induced sequence of events within the person of infant and later adult vs. a continuing pathogenic environment. Either may or may not interact with a continuing genic factor(s) as a source of vulnerability. Vulnerability is here, then, viewed as epigenetically evolving via individual-environment transactions throughout life (although with major impacts from conception through adolescence). At any point, therapeutic intervention may preclude or minimize the actualization of the pathogenic potential. It may begin during pregnancy, with attention to such factors as diet, drugs, physical stress, and illness, influencing fetal development and obstetrical manipulations and the birth process. All influence earliest mother-infant interaction from the point of view both of the infant's evocation of maternal behavior and maternal responsivity. Therapeutic interventions also include attention to the multigenerational context of earliest interaction, with special reference to a woman's relationships with her own mother. At every point, nonspecific protective or pathogenic factors such as social support or stressful precipitating events may become important. Socioeconomic status appears to have a powerful nonspecific influence as the core of a cluster of factors which exert an enduring influence from infancy to adulthood. A continuing specific factor may reside in distorted communicative reciprocity between parent an child rooted in the preverbal period of infant development. Context-mediated cerebral deficits may influence learning capacity, hedonic capacity, behavioral rigidity, and many other factors leading ultimately to impaired social competence and increased vulnerability. PMID- 7009786 TI - Biochemistry and the schizophrenia. Old concepts and new hypothesis. AB - More than a decade of scientific inquiry into the biochemistry of schizophrenia has been organized by the dopamine hypothesis. The evidence that neuroleptics reduce brain dopamine activity is compelling and derives from both human and animal studies. In addition, agents which enhance brain dopamine activity, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause a syndrome that can be indistinguishable from acute paranoid schizophrenia. However, a major problem with the dopamine hypothesis is the lack of strong direct evidence of altered dopamine concentrations or metabolism when measured in large groups of schizophrenic subjects. The idea that schizophrenia is more than one illness is an old concept, but it finds increasing support in new studies of the clinical phenomenology, genetics, and biochemistry of schizophrenic patients. The revival of the concept of multiple forms of schizophrenia, in turn, has fostered the development of new biochemical hypotheses of the disorder. These hypotheses propose that neurotransmitters, other than dopamine, may be involved in schizophrenic symptoms. Reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine is specific areas of the brain and in the spinal fluid have led to the hypothesis that norepinephrine may be involved in schizophrenia. At least two groups of investigators have suggested that phenylethylamine might be involved in schizophrenia. In part, this proposal is based on the structural and pharmacological similarities of phenylethylamine and amphetamine. gamma Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Evidence for the inhibitory influence of GABA-ergic neurons on dopaminergic neurons has led to the hypothesis that decreased GABA-ergic activity may be involved in producing schizophrenic symptoms. Studies with the reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and the dopamine agonist methylphenidate have led to the suggestion that acetylcholine and dopamine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia. This hypothesis is one example of the idea that altered balance between several neurotransmitters may underlie schizophrenia. The recent discovery of the endorphins has led to speculations about the possible role of these substances in schizophrenia. Both an excess and a deficiency of endorphin activity have been implicated in schizophrenia, and speculative evidence has been used to support both hypotheses. The ultimate aim of the search for biochemical defects in schizophrenia is the development of rational drug treatments which will correct these defects and in doing so, these drugs will provide effective treatments for patients with schizophrenic symptoms. PMID- 7009783 TI - The schizophrenia syndrome. Examples of biological tools for subclassification. AB - Six biological variables-platelet monoamine oxidase activity, urine phenylethylamine concentration, brain norepinephrine concentration, abnormalities on computerized tomography, lateralization asymmetries, and the presence or absence of tardive dyskinesia-are used to discriminate possible biological groups of schizophrenic patients. All variables successfully subclassify patients, some into divisions consistent with phenomological, psychosocial, or biochemical descriptions or hypotheses of schizophrenia. None of the measures, however, has sufficiently stood the test of time to be of clinical utility. PMID- 7009787 TI - Effects of insulin on cultured rat brain cells: stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. AB - Growth-promoting peptide hormones, including growth hormone and insulin, stimulate rat brain ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) activity in vivo (Roger et al., 1974; Roger and Fellows, 1980). To determine if this is a result of a direct action on brain, we have investigated the effect of peptide hormones in primary cell cultures of brain from fetal rats of 20 days gestational age. Significant stimulation of ODC activity was observed 4 h after administration of porcine insulin and bovine growth hormone. On a molar basis, growth hormone was less potent than insulin. By contrast, glucagon, enkephalin, and angiotensin II did not stimulate ODC in this system. At 25 ng/ml, insulin stimulated ODC activity approximately threefold, with maximum stimulation of five- to sevenfold reached at 1 microgram/ml. After a 1-h lag, insulin-stimulated ODC activity increased to a maximum between 5 h and 8 h and returned to basal levels by 24 h. The apparent Km of ODC, 5.66 +/- 1.16 microM, was not significantly altered by insulin treatment, nor was any enzyme activator found in mediating insulin actions. Additional evidence suggests that insulin stimulation of ODC activity involves both de novo synthesis of the enzyme and a prolongation of ODC half-life by 50%. These findings, implicating insulin as a regulator of ODC activity in brain cells, suggest the possible involvement of insulin or an insulin-like peptide in the control of growth and development of the CNS. PMID- 7009788 TI - Biosynthesis of prostacyclin in rat cerebral microvessels and the choroid plexus. AB - Microvessels, predominantly capillaries, were isolated from rat cerebrum by a modification of published procedures. The morphology and purity of the preparations were monitored by light and electron microscopy and by enrichment in alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and prostacyclin, synthetase. A reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was used in the purification of prostaglandins after extraction from aqueous incubation solutions. Prostacyclin synthesis in brain is localized in cerebral blood vessels and capillaries. The endogenous biosynthetic capacity of the isolated cerebral capillary fractions for prostacyclin, measured as its chemically stable breakdown product, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, was 11 ng/mg protein/10 min. Choroid plexus and intact surface vessels synthesized 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha at 37 and 35 ng/mg protein/10 min, respectively. The prostacyclin-synthesizing enzyme of the cerebral capillaries also converted the exogenously added prostaglandin endoperoxides to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Comparison of the synthesis of prostaglandins 6-keto-F1 alpha, E2, and F2 alpha showed that 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha was the major prostaglandin formed in the microvessels, in the larger surface vessels, and in the choroid plexus. Prostaglandin D2 was not detected. Prostacyclin synthesis by the cerebral vasculature is similar to that in other blood vessels and cultured human endothelial cells. Possible physiological roles or prostacyclin in the cerebral microvasculature are discussed with special regard to the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7009789 TI - Antagonism of excitatory amino acid-induced and synaptic excitation of spinal neurones by cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate. AB - In tests on neurones in the cat spinal cord in vivo, and frog and immature rat spinal cord in vitro, cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate (cis-2,3-PDA) produced the following effects: (1) selective antagonism of amino acid-induced responses, compared with responses to other putative transmitters; (2) effective antagonism of kainate and quisqualate-induced responses in addition to responses induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and other excitatory amino acids; (3) partial NMDA like agonist action; (4) antagonism of dorsal root-evoked excitation of Renshaw cells; (5) potentiation of acetylcholine- and ventral root-evoked excitation of Renshaw cells. This unique spectrum of action may be useful for transmitter receptor characterization in the vertebrate central nervous system. PMID- 7009790 TI - Uptake and release of N-methyl-D-aspartate by rat brain slices. AB - The excitant amino acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, was actively taken up by slices of rat cerebral cortex. This uptake was Na+- and temperature-dependent, but was relatively inefficient (Km 3 mM, Vmax 0.07 mumol/g/min) compared with that of other acidic amino acids. The uptake of N-methyl-D-aspartate does not appear to have a rate-limiting influence on the time course of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitation since potent uptake inhibitors, such as threo-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate, do not influence the excitant action of N-methyl-D-aspartate. The relatively prolonged excitant action of this acidic amino acid may be the result of relatively slow dissociation of the activated receptor complex. Preloaded N methyl-D-aspartate can be released from rat brain slices by stimulation with K+ ions. Such K+-stimulated release appeared to be Ca2+-independent, unlike the K+ stimulated release of preloaded D-aspartate. These findings suggest that N-methyl D-aspartate may be a weak but selective substrate for a glial acidic amino acid uptake system. PMID- 7009791 TI - Newly synthesized cholecystokinin in subcellular fractions of the rat brain. AB - The subcellular localization of in vivo synthesized cholecystokinin (CCK) in different parts of the rat brain was studied after intracisternal pulse injections of [35S]methionine. The rats were decapitated 1 h after the injection, and the brain was divided into cortex, hippocampus and remainder. Subcellular fractions were obtained according to Whittaker's method. De novo synthesized CCK in the crude mitochondrial-synaptosomal fraction, P2, and in the purified synaptosomal fraction was demonstrated by affinity chromatography, using antibodies specific for the COOH-terminal sequence of CCK. By subsequent gel chromatography two molecular forms of labelled CCK occurred, with elution constants, Kav, of 1.1 (corresponding to the COOH-terminal octapeptide) and of 1.40 (a component which may correspond to the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide amide, CCK-4). The findings support the idea that the small molecular forms are the transmitter forms of CCK. PMID- 7009793 TI - Intracellular spiral inclusions in cerebral cell processes in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Electron microscopic examination of brain biopsy specimens from two patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease revealed the presence of intracellular membranous spiral inclusions in the processes of cortical cells. These inclusions, 375 nm to 660 nm in length and 50 nm to 88 nm in width, resemble similar structures reported in a patient with the same disease by Bastian and, more recently, in a second patient by Gray et al. These inclusions bear close morphologic resemblance to spiroplasma organisms, a wall-free prokaryote known to cause a "slow-virus" like disorder in mice. PMID- 7009792 TI - Toxic substances and the nervous system: the role of clinical observation. PMID- 7009794 TI - Morphologic effects of antibody to mouse brain endothelium in vivo. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the morphologic effects of antiendothelial antibodies (EAB) on mouse brain endothelium in vivo. The antigen utilized was the plasma membranes fraction of cultured mouse brain endothelial cells, which was injected into rabbits with complete Freund's adjuvant. The resultant antibody-containing serum was injected back into mice via tail veins in varying time courses and dosages, followed by perfusion of the animals. The antibody was primarily IgG, and was visualized on the brain endothelium by electron microscopy, using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) labeling technique. Normal rabbit sera and saline were used as controls. Results showed a significantly greater number of micropinocytotic vesicles in the endothelium of the test animals compared to controls. The number of multivesicular bodies and the thickness of the endothelium were also greater in the test animals. At no time was antibody visualized internal to the endothelial luminal membrane, and no lesions such as inflammation or necrosis were observed. This study shows that serum-containing antiendothelial antibodies has a direct, but apparently limited, effect on endothelium. PMID- 7009795 TI - Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. III. Assays for peripheral myelin proteins. AB - Rabbit antisera to the rat myelin proteins P0 and P1 were used to assay for the presence of these components by both immunochemical and immunofluorescence methods. The antiserum to P0 did not react detectably with polyacrylamide gels containing central myelin, or with P1 and P2 in peripheral myelin; it did react with P0 in peripheral myelin, and in extracts of adult and neonatal sciatic nerve. When reacted with frozen tissue sections using indirect immunofluorescence, it did not stain central myelin but did stain myelin in adult sciatic nerve, the myelinated fibres in cervical sympathetic trunk and occasional areas in neonatal sciatic nerve where Schwann cells had presumably begun to form myelin. Antiserum to basic protein reacted with both of the basic protein bands in central and peripheral myelin, but not P0; P1 and P2 were detectable in adult and neonatal sciatic nerve. In indirect immunofluorescence assays, the antiserum stained both central and peripheral myelin, the few myelinated fibres of sympathetic trunk and myelinating regions of neonatal sciatic nerve. Cultured secondary rat Schwann cells showed no detectable reaction with either reagent, using either technique. We conclude that these three proteins are probably expressed as a consequence of the neuron-Schwann cell interaction that initiates myelination. PMID- 7009797 TI - An ultrastructural immunocytochemical study of nerve-specific protein in rat cerebellum. AB - The ultrastructural localization of the neuron-specific enolase (14-3-2 protein) has been investigated in the cerebellum of the adult rat using the indirect antibody immunohistochemical method. The protein was found exclusively in neurons: perikaryal cytoplasm, axons and dendrites were labelled while nuclei were not. Reaction product was found to be attached to intracytoplasmic membranes, the surface membranes of mitochondria and microtubules in addition to its dispersion as a flocculent material throughout the cytoplasm. All classes of cerebellar neurons were found to be labelled though large variations in the level of labelling between different types of neuron were noted. Purkinje cells appeared to have a much lower cytoplasmic concentration of this protein than other neurons. PMID- 7009798 TI - Specific neuronal localization by immunofluorescence of 10 nm filament polypeptides. AB - Rabbit antisera have been produced to bovine brain 10 nm filament preparations and to purified polypeptide constituents of brain 10 nm filaments. Antisera to the former preparation stain both neurons and astrocytes, whereas antisera to two polypeptides of mol. wt 155 000 and 210 000 are neuron specific. It is therefore concluded that these latter polypeptides are components of neurofilaments and the mixed staining pattern obtained with the antisera to the whole brain 10 nm filament preparation is due to the presence in this material of a mixture of neurofilaments and glial filaments which are thus biochemically distinct forms of 10 nm filament. PMID- 7009796 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the brain-specific S-100 protein in the pituitary gland of adult rat. AB - The brain-specific S-100 protein was localized at the electron microscopic level in the anterior and posterior pituitary gland of adult rat by indirect immunoperoxidase histology. The protein was found in the stellate cells of the pars distalis and tuberalis, in the marginal cells that line the hypophyseal cleft and in the glia-like cells, the pituicytes, of the neural lobe. The pituicytes, the stellate cells and the marginal cells have in common at least two properties: they all express a brain-specific marker and they are satellite cells to the secretory axons in the neural lobe and of the secretory cells in the adenohypophysis. These properties suggest that the S-100 cells in the pituitary gland are neuroectodermal in origin, possibly glial in nature. PMID- 7009799 TI - Some of Harvey's Cushing's contributions to neurological surgery. PMID- 7009800 TI - Cushing's legacy to transsphenoidal surgery. AB - Cushing's experience with the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas and other lesions producing the chiasmal syndrome is reviewed. The conclusion is that his ultimate rejection of the transsphenoidal route was not due to his dissatisfaction with this procedure, but rather came about because of the transfrontal route provided him with access to the pituitary and, at the same time, enabled him to verify all suprasellar tumors if the preoperative diagnosis was uncertain. Until he gave it up in 1929, Cushing used the transsphenoidal route preferentially when the sella was large. Some of his assistants in the clinic, notably Norman Dott, came away with a high and lasting regard for the operation, and Dott's subsequent influence on Gerard Guiot is a crucial link in the return of transsphenoidal surgery to its current preeminent position. PMID- 7009801 TI - Bacteriology of intracranial abscess in children. AB - The bacteriological and clinical findings in 19 pediatric patients with intracranial abscess are presented. Ten children presented with subdural empyema and nine had brain abscess. Sinusitis was present in 14 children, and dental abscess in two. The abscess was located in the frontal and parietal area in seven instances each, and in the temporal area in five. Anaerobic organisms alone were recovered in 12 (63%) of the patients (including eight with subdural empyema and four with brain abscess), aerobic bacteria alone were present in two children (11%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in five (26%) patients. There were 43 anaerobic isolates (2.3 per specimen). The predominant anaerobes were anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (16 isolates); Bacteroides sp. (10, including two B. fragilis); Fusobacterium sp. (nine isolates); and Actinomyces sp. (five isolates). A total of eight aerobic isolates (0.4 per specimen), including five Gram-positive cocci and three Haemophilus sp., were recovered. Antimicrobial therapy was administered to all patients. Five patients, four with sinusitis and subdural empyema and one with sinusitis and brain abscess, did not respond to antimicrobial therapy and aspiration of the abscess, and required surgical drainage of their inflamed sinuses. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of intracranial abscess in children. PMID- 7009802 TI - Experimental study of fascicular nerve repair with and without epineurial closure. AB - Microscopic fascicular repair without closure of epineurium was compared with microscopic epineurial repair in 12 rhesus monkeys. Measurements of evoked nerve action potentials, and responses to repetitive and tetanic stimulation made at one interval 3, 6, 9, or 12 months postoperatively, were compared to baseline preoperative studies. Histological evaluation included light and electron microscopic preparations and studies of distal stump myelinated fiber maturity. Electrical measures of regeneration indicated that recovery was more advanced in the limb with epineurial repair in eight animals, whereas in four there was no difference between fascicular and epineurial repair. Fascicular repair appeared not to fare as well as epineurial repair because, although neuromas developed with both, the length of the neuroma was greater with fascicular than with epineurial repair. The relatively lengthy neuroma in the nerve with fascicular repair was due to axonal disorganization and connective tissue proliferation along the length of the dissection necessary for the repair. Nonetheless, studies of myelinated fiber distribution in the distal stump showed no significant differences. Similar studies were conducted in 11 primates, where epineurial repair was matched with fascicular repair in which the epineurium was closed. Here, regeneration as measured by both electrical and histological studies was comparable. Histological study showed less disorganization at the repair site in the nerve with fascicular suture and epineurial closures than in that with epineurial suture. However, studies of distal stump myelinated fiber maturity demonstrated no significant differences. Thus, there seems to be no advantage in either resecting or closing epineurium in fascicular nerve repair. PMID- 7009803 TI - Noninvasive measurement of cardiopulmonary blood volume. Evaluation of the centroid method. AB - Cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPV) and mean pulmonary transit time (MTT) determined by radionuclide measurements (Tc-99m HSA) were compared with values obtained from simultaneous dye-dilution (DD) studies (indocyanine green). The mean transit time was obtained from radionuclide curves by two methods: the "peak to-peak" time and the interval between the two centroids determined from the right and left-ventricular time-concentration curves. Correlation of dye-dilution MTT and "peak-to-peak" time was significant (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001), but its correlation with centroid-derived values was better (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). CPV values (using the centroid method for radionuclide technique) correlated significantly with values derived from dye-dilution curves (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001). Discrepancies between the two were greater the more rapid the circulation (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01), suggesting that minor inaccuracies of dye-dilution methods, due to positioning or delay of the system, can become magnified in hyperkinetic conditions. The radionuclide method is simple, repeatable, and noninvasive, and it provides simultaneous evaluation of pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Further, calculation of the ratio of cardiopulmonary to total blood volume can be used as an index of overall venous distensibility and relocation of intravascular blood volume. PMID- 7009804 TI - The potential of radiometric measurements in physiology and metabolism. PMID- 7009805 TI - Dietary regulation of insulin receptors in obesity. AB - Hospitalization of obese patients on a 45% carbohydrate diet resulted in a decrease of insulin binding to circulating monocytes. A further decrease was observed when the carbohydrate content was increased to 75% of total calories. When carbohydrate intake was restricted to 10% of total calories, insulin binding returned to normal. Total caloric intake was kept constant so that changes in insulin binding were not due to changes in body weight. Serum insulin levels were elevated in all obese patients regardless of what diet they were on receiving. The serum glucose level rose slightly in the patients on carbohydrate restriction despite the rise in insulin binding and persistance of hyperinsulinemia. I concluded: 1) factors other than a defect in insulin receptors contribute to insulin resistance in obesity; 2) although high insulin concentrations decrease insulin receptors in cells grown in vitro, cells from patients with hyperinsulinemia do not necessarily show decreased insulin binding; and 3) insulin binding is affected by the carbohydrate content of the diet and probably by other factors as well. PMID- 7009806 TI - Effects of feeding rats sucrose in a high fat diet. AB - Rats were fed ad libitum a 40% fat diet containing either 30% sucrose or 30% starch by weight for 8-9 weeks. Insulin levels during a meal tolerance test were significantly greater in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch, but serum glucose levels were not affected by diet and tended to decrease as time after the meal increased. Insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test were significantly greater in the rats fed sucrose. Serum glucose levels were not affected by diet. Body weights and epididymal and perirenal fat pad weights were higher in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not different. These results show that relatively low sucrose levels in a high fat diet can produce higher insulin levels than starch before and after either a glucose load or a meal. This relative insulin resistance is symptomatic of onset diabetes. PMID- 7009807 TI - Alcohol, the brain and behavior. PMID- 7009808 TI - Cultural, clinical and physiological aspects of pain: a review. AB - A review is given of selected cultural, clinical and physiological issues pertaining to the human experience of pain. Special attention is devoted to the modern gate control theory of pain as it applies to the sensory pathways of the fifth cranial nerve; that is, facial pains and some of their associated symptoms and signs. PMID- 7009809 TI - The effect of some components on the rigidity of mandibular bilateral free end saddle dentures. AB - One partially dentate person, his remaining teeth being 44, 43, 42, 41, 31, 32 and 33, was simultaneously provided with one maxillary complete denture and three mandibular free end saddle dentures having cobalt chromium alloy skeletons of different design. One denture was constructed with a lingual plate, another with a sublingual and a secondary bar, while on a third denture the major connector consisted of an enlarged secondary bar. On all the dentures occlusal rests were placed on teeth nos 44 and 33. Rosette strain gauges were placed in the midlines of all the major connectors. The gauges were calibrated on the master cast placed in a universal testing machine. The clinical recordings were taken from the gauges during one session under repeated loading conditions. Readings were repeated on one denture after removal of (1) the secondary bar and (2) the secondary bar and the occlusal rests. The recordings were used to calculate (1) the principal maximum and minimum strains and (2) the direction of the strains at the points of the bases beneath the centre of the gauges. The results show that studies of relevant functional deformation patterns of dentures can only be made in clinical experiments. Furthermore, they show that the base with an enlarged secondary bar exhibits more deformation than the other two types of base. Removal of the secondary bar did not significantly increase the deformation of the denture also equipped with a sublingual bar, neither did the removal of the occlusal rests. Both these changes, however, caused changes of the deformation patterns. PMID- 7009810 TI - The use of freeze-dried allogeneic bone in oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - Clinical experience with 36 cases using freeze-dried allogeneic bone is reported. Its use in a variety of surgeries, including ridge augmentation, mandibular and maxillary osteotomies, mandibular reconstruction, midfacial advancement and obliteration of cystic cavities was associated with a minimal incidence of complications and excellent host acceptance. The collection of bone under sterile conditions and the rigid criteria for the tissue banking process are shown to account for this host compatibility and low complication rate. The physiochemical and biologic properties of freeze-dried allogeneic bone are discussed. This material provides unique practical advantages leading to long-term stability. PMID- 7009811 TI - Adynamic ileus as a complication of iliac bone removal: report of two cases. AB - This report described two cases of postoperative adynamic ileus after iliac bone autografts. The etiology, treatment, and differentiation of this problem from mechanical obstruction are discussed. PMID- 7009812 TI - Treatment of maxillary arch collapse in an adult cleft palate patient: report of case. AB - The combined orthodontic, orthognathic surgical, and prosthodontic reconstruction of the previously treated bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate of a 20-year-old white man is reviewed. Maxillary arch collapse and severe malocclusion occurred after palatal closure in early childhood with alveolar bone grafting and premaxillectomy. A modified Le Fort I osteotomy, using a jackscrew with a modified posterior hinge, was employed to achieve rapid palatal expansion. In addition, mandibular subapical osteotomy was performed, in conjunction with postoperative orthodontic realignment. Fixed prosthodontic restorations were then used to achieve stability and a more esthetic appearance. PMID- 7009813 TI - Underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis. AB - A brief resume of advances in atherosclerosis research over the past 30 years is presented, emphasising the multidisciplinary origins of those advances. A somewhat more detailed review of progress in the lipoprotein field is presented as an example illustrative of the pace of research related to atherosclerosis. Finally, an attempt is made to identify some of the research areas that promise to yield valuable new insights in the next 30 years. PMID- 7009814 TI - Experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy. AB - A mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy was induced in rabbits by repeated, intravenous fixed doses of heterologous (porcine) thyroglobulin. Twenty-five (75.8 per cent) of 33 rabbits showed mesangial proliferation with normal peripheral capillary basement membranes. Immunofluorescence revealed mesangial deposits of host immunoglobulins in 16 (59 per cent.) of 27 rabbits, and 6 (32 per cent.) of 19 showed similar thyroglobulin deposition. Ultrastructurally, irregular, ill defined areas of increased electron density were seen in the mesangial matrix in 14 (86 per cent.) of the 16 examined, and in eight (50 per cent.), discrete, granular intramesangial electron dense deposits were also identified. Results indicate that chronic immunisation with fixed doses of heterologous thyroglobulin is a reliable and reproducible method for inducing an experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy in rabbits. This glomerulopathy is very similar morphologically to humans primary mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, particularly when the latter is associated with IgM deposition. PMID- 7009815 TI - Infectious complications in the child with cancer. I. Pathophysiology of the compromised host and the initial evaluation and management of the febrile cancer patient. PMID- 7009816 TI - Epidemiology of pertussis, Atlanta, 1977. AB - In the period April to October, 1977, an epidemic of pertussis in the outpatient population of a large metropolitan hospital involved 115 cases that were diagnosed by culture or direct fluorescent antibody tests. A study of secondary cases in household contacts showed attack rates of 81% in children under one year of age; attack rates decreased with increasing age to 8% in persons over 20 years of age. Vaccine efficacy was estimated to be 63%. There was no evidence of decreased efficacy with increasing time after vaccination. Fourteen asymptomatic FA-positive individuals were identified; four of these were also culture positive. Four were adults and ten were children. Nine of the ten children had received three or more vaccinations, compared to only 29 of 78 symptomatic children (P = 0.002). PMID- 7009817 TI - Antibody response to group B streptococcus type III and AB blood group antigens induced by pneumococcal vaccine. AB - The effect of pneumococcal vaccination on antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14, group B streptococcus type III, and AB blood group antigens was studied in 40 vaccinated adults. Fourfold or greater increases in type-specific IgG antibody to Pn-14 were found in 26 of 40 vaccines (mean increase 6.4-fold) and against GBS-III in 16 of the 40 (mean increase 2.9-fold) by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. However, only six of the 26 vaccinees with low levels (titers less than or equal to 20) of GBS-III antibody in prevaccination sera developed titers greater than 20 after vaccination. Thus, vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine does not reliably induce high levels of IF antibody to GBS-III. Fourfold or greater increases in IgG isohemagglutinins against blood group A cells were also found in 22 of 27 vaccines (mean increase 4.5-fold) and against blood group B cells in nine of 34 (mean increase 1.7-fold) using the indirect anti-human globulin test. Chromatographic fractionation of selected sera confirmed that the anti-A isohemagglutinins stimulated in group O subjects were of the IgG class. Thus, pneumococcal vaccination during incompatible pregnancy could potentiate AO hemolytic disease of the newborn infant. PMID- 7009818 TI - Splenic abscess and hepatic dysfunction caused by Shigella flexneri. PMID- 7009820 TI - Plasmodium malariae transfusion malaria in splenectomized patients with thalassemia major. PMID- 7009819 TI - Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - To determine the efficacy of rifampin chemoprophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among household contacts of patients hospitalized for invasive HIB infection. Seventy-nine index patients and 400 close contacts were studied; 26.5% of contacts were colonized. The efficacy of rifampin (10 mg/kg/dose, 600 mg/dose maximum, twice daily for two days) in eradicating carriage was 52% and varied with age (75.6% in persons greater than or equal to 5 and 27% in those less than 5 years). Eradication rates in those less than 5 years were not significantly better than for placebo. No resistant isolates were encountered in sensitivity testing. The low efficacy of this rifampin regimen in young children precludes its routine use as a chemoprophylactic agent for family contacts. The occurrence of three cases of invasive HIB infection in individuals outside the defined contact group raises concern regarding the efficacy of any chemoprophylactic regimen. PMID- 7009821 TI - Decreasing mortality in neonates with early-onset group B streptococcal infection: reality or artifact. PMID- 7009822 TI - Postdoctoral training opportunities in pediatric psychology: a review. PMID- 7009823 TI - Immunopathology of periodontal disease. I. Immunologic profiles in periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis. AB - Eleven patients with periodontitis, ten patients with juvenile periodontitis and ten control subjects were studied to compare systemic and local immunologic responses and various other blood parameters. A more intensified immunologic response was seen in juvenile periodontitis as compared to periodontitis or controls as evidenced by: (1) greater number of plasma cells and lymphocytes in biopsy specimens of involved gingiva stained by Harris hematoxylin and eosin; (2) significant decrease in serum C4 levels and slightly elevated serum IgG levels as determined by radial immunodiffusion; (3) marked increase of positive fluorescing cells in biopsy specimens stained with antihuman immunoglobulin conjugate and an increase in complement deposition in the same tissues as determined by immunofluorescence. No significant differences among the two groups of patients and control subjects were observed with respect to complete blood counts, coagulation studies, or blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that the immunologic responses in periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis are qualitatively similar, but that the intensity of the response is greater in juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 7009824 TI - A new filter for osseous coagulum collection. AB - A filter which can be sued for the collection of osseous coagulum is described. The filter is a stainless steel screen in a plastic housing, which does not require the addition of cloth or membrane filters. It is compact, autoclavable, and reusable. PMID- 7009825 TI - Pharmaceutical studies of polyacrylic acid aqueous gel bases: absorption of insulin from polyacrylic acid aqueous gel bases following rectal administration in alloxan diabetic rats and rabbits. AB - The effect of gel preparation on the rate of absorption of a rectally administered insulin which was suspended in a polyacrylic acid aqueous gel base (0.1%, pH 6.5) was investigated in the alloxan diabetic rats and rabbits. The preparation was administered into the in situ rectal loop in rats or infused directly into the rectum in rabbits, and the change in the blood glucose level and plasma insulin value was taken as a measure to evaluate the rate of rectal absorption of insulin. The blood glucose lowering effect in both rats and rabbits was dose-dependent, namely, a slight effect was observed at 1 IU/kg followed by a significant effect with 3 and 5 IU/kg, and a sharp hypoglycemic effect was recorded with 10 IU/kg which lasted for 5 hr. The plasma insulin level exhibited a rapid increase at 30 minutes after the dosing of the insulin by the polyacrylic acid aqueous gel base. However, the plasma level quickly diminished in 1 hr. Contrary to our expectation, an addition of a non-ionic surfactant such as Tween 80 under pH 4--8 did not show further enhancement of the absorption. In an attempt to simulate a clinical condition in which insulin was given after a meal, the insulin gel was administered into the rectal loop in diabetic rats following the i.v. injection of glucose. A satisfactory result was obtained in which 5 IU/kg dose was able to suppress a rise in the blood glucose after the glucose loading. PMID- 7009826 TI - Studies on monocomponent insulin. V. pharmacokinetics of soluble insulin preparations using in situ animal model. AB - Pharmacokinetics of soluble monocomponent insulin preparation was examined by using an in situ experimental model of rabbits. Rabbits were laparotomized under anesthesia, and prepancreatic duodenal vein, splenic vein, and hepatic artery were ligated, and cannulae were inserted into the hepatic vein, portal vein, abdominal aorta, and renal vein. After administration of the monocomponent insulin preparation, blood was drawn periodically from each cannula, exogenous insulin level was measured, and kinetic parameters were calculated from the blood level curves from the arteries. The parameters obtained were disappearance rate constant (Kel) of 0.128 plus or minus 0.013 hr-1 and biological half-life (T1/2) of 5.50 plus or minus 0.49 min. Rate of insulin uptake by each organ was calculated from the difference in arterial and venous blood levels at each time period and values were 12% for the lever and 31% for the kidney. No definite uptake was found in the digestive tract. Relationship between the potency of insulin and blood levels suggested that the minimum effective blood level of this insulin preparation was 20 - 30 microU/ml. PMID- 7009827 TI - Characterization of cephalosporin resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. AB - The susceptibility of 416 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, cephaloridine and cefoxitin was determined, and 39 isolates were found to be resistance to 25 micrograms/ml or higher concentrations of cephaloridine. Five of the cephaloridine-resistant strains further exhibited resistance to cefoxitin which is a novel cephamycin antibiotic stable to many types of beta-lactamases. The cephaloridine-resistant strains except the strains resistant to cefoxitin produced a large amount of type I penicillinase mediated by R plasmid, while all the cefoxitin-resistant strains produced a cephalosporinase (2 strains) or both of the cephalosporinase and the type I penicillinase (3 strains). Although the cephalosporinase failed to hydrolyze cefoxitin effectively in vitro, the close relationship between the cephalosporinase production and the cephaloridine and cefoxitin resistances in the E. coli strains was suggested. The conjugal transfer of the cefoxitin resistance to an E. coli strain was unsuccessful. PMID- 7009828 TI - [Lymphatic delivery of drugs and its application to cancer chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009829 TI - Differential biosynthesis of prostaglandins by hydronephrotic rabbit and cat kidneys. PMID- 7009830 TI - Influence of dietary sodium on renin angiotensin system involvement in sodium nitroprusside hypotension in conscious rats. PMID- 7009832 TI - Increased alcohol dehydrogenase independent ethanol oxidation at high ethanol concentrations in isolated rat hepatocytes: the effect of chronic ethanol feeding. AB - Rates of ethanol oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes increased with increasing ethanol concentrations even at near-saturation of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway. After inhibition of ADH by pyrazole, approximately 30% of ethanol oxidizing activity remained and this activity of the non-ADH pathway was also dependent upon ethanol concentration. The apparent Km of th non-ADH pathway for ethanol was 13 mM, which is comparable to the value for the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. Inhibition of catalase by azide affected the activity of the non-ADH pathway by less than 10%. After chronic ethanol feeding, the rates of ethanol oxidation in isolated hepatocytes and liver slices increased significantly compared to those in pair-fed controls. This adaptive increase of ethanol oxidation was more striking at a high ethanol level (30 mM) than at a low one (10 mM). Significant differences between the two groups remained even after inhibition of ADH and catalase. The results suggest that the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system may account for the major part of the non-ADH pathway. PMID- 7009831 TI - Cardiovascular effects of a novel vasoactive antihypertensive agent, Ro 12-4713. AB - Ro 12-4713, an oxadiazolopyrimidine derivative, lowered blood pressure of conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive dogs in a dose dependent manner from 10 to 100 mg/kg p.o. The antihypertensive effect was slow in onset, had a long duration of action and was not subject to the development of tachyphylaxis. Ro 12-4713 did not influence blood pressure in conscious normotensive rats, cats and dogs. Several observations suggest that metabolites formed from the inactive parent compound are responsible for the cardiovascular effects. A hemodynamic analysis in anesthetized dogs showed that Ro 12-4713 lowered blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance. These effects were associated with an increase in cardiac output and flow in various vascular beds as well as with an increase in myocardial contractility. This pattern of hemodynamic activity together with the absence of effects on the autonomic neuroeffector system allow the classification of Ro 12-4713 as a vasoactive antihypertensive agent like e.g. hydralazine or minoxidil. However, in contrast to other vasoactive antihypertensives, Ro 12-4713 virtually did not produce tachycardia or water and sodium retention. Ro 12-4713 may represent a considerable improvement in current vasodilator antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7009833 TI - The effect of various finish line preparations on the marginal seal and occlusal seat of full crown preparations. AB - The influences of the marginal design of a full crown on the occlusal seat and marginal seal of a cemented full crown restoration was examined. Under the conditions of the study, the featheredge and parallel bevel preparations demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed in order by the full shoulder, 45 degree shoulder, and finally the 90-degree shoulders with 30-degree and 45-degree bevels. With regard to seating of the restoration, the 90-degree full shoulder demonstrated the best seat, followed in order by the 45-degree shoulder, 90 degree shoulder with 45-degree bevel, featheredge, 90-degree shoulder with 30 degree bevel, chamfer with parallel bevel, and finally 90-degree shoulder with parallel bevel. PMID- 7009834 TI - Auxiliary retention for complete crowns provided by cement keys. AB - 1. Cement keys were an effective means of increasing the retention of complete cast gold crowns to preparations in extracted teeth. 2. Single grooves placed in either the dentin or in the crown alone were not effective in increasing retention in 30-degree crowns. In 7-degree crowns, a single groove in the crown gave better retention than a single groove in the dentin. 3. Crowns with a 7 degree taper had greater retentive strengths than 30-degree crowns treated identically. The retentive strength of 7-degree crowns with cement keys approached the tensile strength of zinc phosphate cement. PMID- 7009835 TI - Evaluation of two methods for assessing marginal leakage. AB - This in vitro study demonstrated a significant difference in the microleakage of Class V preparations which had been etched, treated with a bonding agent, and restored with composite resin. This difference is dependent upon whether the specimen was thermocycled or immersed in a constant temperature dye bath. Therefore, it would seem reasonable that, to more accurately correlate laboratory findings with clinical performance, in vitro experimentation should simulate oral conditions as closely as possible. For testing microleakage, thermocycling as described in this study is superior to static temperature studies. PMID- 7009836 TI - An endodontic-prosthodontic approach to internal tooth reinforcement. AB - Recent years have seen an emphatic surge of using root canal therapy as a means of retaining teeth which otherwise would have been extracted. Many of those endodontically treated teeth are badly broken down, requiring extensive rebuilding to make them restorable as individual units or units in fixed or removable prosthetic designs. The authors present an endodontic-prosthodontic approach in evaluating those teeth and in resolving problems on how best to strengthen the endodontically treated tooth to make it a viable component of the mouth. PMID- 7009837 TI - Decibel ratings of dental office sounds. PMID- 7009838 TI - Maximizing support for maxillary defects. AB - The use of the medical-grade silicone obturator can aid the prosthodontist attempting prosthetic closure of maxillary defects. This type of obturator prosthesis allows the patient to resume near-normal oral function. It aids in the preservation of the oral structures because it uses the support available from the defect to reduce the force per unit area on the remaining "normal" oral structures. PMID- 7009839 TI - Etiology and treatment of occlusal pathosis and associated facial pain. AB - The treatment of occlusal pathosis and associated facial pain is a difficult and complex problem. The interaction of two etiologic factors, occlusal interferences and psychologic stress, results in parafunctional activity. The most important prerequisite to selection of a treatment method is an understanding of the etiology of the problem. What dentistry needs is a mechanism by which the major etiologic factor of parafunctional activity can be identified for each patient. Treatment can then be directed toward the reduction or elimination of that factor. When treatment is directed toward the major cause of the problem, the likelihood of success will increase greatly. Continued research on this problem will yield new insights and means for the accurate determination of the etiology of parafunctional activity for each patient. PMID- 7009841 TI - Fabricating swinglock removable partial denture frameworks. AB - A technique has been described which outlines the relief of the master cast and the wax-up and positioning of the attachments for swinglock removable partial denture frameworks. The advantages of the technique are that it reduces the bulk of the casting, provides an effective method of waxing and positioning the attachments, and reduces the amount of time needed for wax-up. PMID- 7009840 TI - Time-dependent accuracy of elastomer impression materials. Part I: Condensation silicones. AB - 1. Although condensation silicone elastomers can be used to produce multiple dies from a single impression, one can expect changes in dimensions of dies produced from successive pours. 2. Putty/wash systems exhibit variable behavior among different brands. Some products produce a series of dies of increasing diameter over a 4-day period, while other brands may produce a series of dies whose diameters decrease as they are successively poured. 3. Light-body wash silicone impressions made in adhesive-lined custom acrylic resin trays produce dies which increase in diameter with time. 4. Putty/wash system, in general, show a greater eccentricity of dies than is seen with custom-tray/adhesive/wash systems, but there were some significant exceptions among the brands tested. 5. There does not appear to be any difference in behavior between single-wash and double-mix techniques in the condensation-silicone systems. 6. For maximum accuracy, the condensation-silicone systems should be poured as soon as possible after making the impression. PMID- 7009842 TI - Removal of partially loosened fixed partial dentures. AB - The technique described offers maximum safety for the abutment tooth and the probability of salvage of the existing restoration. The options of reusing the restoration or recementing it as a temporary restoration are both attractive. PMID- 7009843 TI - A method of boxing impressions. AB - The method described uses a denture flask as a boxing border for impressions instead of beading and sheet wax. Vigorous vibrating movements can be applied to the artificial stone as it sets without distortion or damage to the border of the impression. When wax or thermoplastic impression materials are used for the final impression, the flask should be immersed in cold water as the plaster foundation and artificial stone set. This measure dissipates the heat given off by these materials during setting. PMID- 7009844 TI - Generated cast metal occlusal surfaces to oppose lingual bladed denture teeth. PMID- 7009845 TI - A double blind comparison of parenteral analgin with pethidine. PMID- 7009846 TI - The distinction between the antismoking and nonsmokers' rights movements. AB - In a recent article Markle and Troyer analyze the cigarette controversy as a status battle between pro and antismoking vested interests. They argue that the purpose of the antismoking movement is to lower the status of smokers, symbolically to label smoking as undesirable, unacceptable, and socially deviant behavior, and, hence, to stigmatize and denigrate smokers as social misfits. In this paper it is argued that it is important to extend the analysis by drawing a distinction between the general antismoking movement and the nonsmokers' rights movement. It is shown that the nonsmokers' right movement in its pure form is devoted solely to the protection of the rights of nonsmokers and does not endorse, and may even oppose, other elements of the general antismoking movement. The essential motivation is not the denigration of smokers but rather is the refusal of nonsmokers to be victimized by the oppressive conditions of the social support system of smoking that gives smokers the implicit right to smoke in shared areas and puts bothered nonsmokers on the defensive. PMID- 7009847 TI - The psychosomatics of meditation. PMID- 7009848 TI - Concepts in hypertension. The Croonian Lecture 1979. PMID- 7009849 TI - Disraeli's doctors. PMID- 7009850 TI - Liver function and failure: the evolution of liver physiology. PMID- 7009851 TI - Section 63 activities. PMID- 7009852 TI - Investigation of sperm receptors in the hamster zona pellucida by using univalent (Fab) antibodies to hamster ovary. AB - An antiserum raised in rabbits against hamster ovaries was digested with papain to obtain the univalent (Fab) fragments. The anti-zona pellucida activity of this preparation was monitored by a direct fluorescence test and by an indirect precipitation test. In contrast to the effects produced by immune gamma-globins on the zona pellucida, the immune Fab antibodies failed to form a precipitate layer on the zona pellucida and did not inhibit fertilization in vitro. Immune Fab antibodies also failed to overcome the fertilization-inhibiting effects of zona sperma receptors in solution. It is concluded that the sperm receptors, which are thought to be essential for sperm attachment to the zona pellucida and consequently for fertilization, have little or no antigenicity. PMID- 7009854 TI - Effect of aminophylline on spontaneous and induced ovulation in rats. PMID- 7009855 TI - In vitro studies of the interaction of murine phagocytic cells with Candida albicans. PMID- 7009853 TI - Effect of lamb age, breed and sex on plasma LH after administration of GnRH. AB - Male lambs of the Finn, Fingalway and High Fertility breeds aged 4 or 8 weeks of age were injected i.m. with 5, 10, 50, or 100 micrograms GnRH. Plasma LH after GnRH injection increased with age and GnRH dose but there was no effect of breed. There was no interaction among the three factors studied. In a second experiment the response of male and female lambs, aged 8 weeks, to 100 micrograms GnRH was investigated for 5 genetic groups (Finn, Galway Control, Galway Elite, Fingalway and High Fertility). Breed differences in plasma LH of male lambs were not found, which agreed with the result of the first experiment. Breed differences were observed for females, with the lowest values being observed for Finn and High Fertility lambs which represent the two most prolific breeds. This finding suggested breed differences in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian circuit. The difference between Galway Control and Galway Elite lambs was not significant (P greater than 0.10). PMID- 7009856 TI - Immunoglobulin-secreting cells in SLE: correlation with disease activity. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes which contain and secret immunoglobulin were identified by fluorescent staining and a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Significantly increased numbers of these cells were found in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infections and normal controls. The increased numbers of these circulating activated B cells closely correlated with clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity, indicating their potential value in the management of lupus patients. However, the demonstration of pseudo-plaques in assays of lymphocytes from some lupus patients emphasizes the need to establish the true secreting nature of the plaques detected. PMID- 7009857 TI - The efficacy of intraarticular steroids in osteoarthritis: a double-blind study. AB - Seventeen patients with painful osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee were given an intraarticular injection of corticosteroid while an equal number were given only the suspending vehicle. One wk later the corticosteroid group had significantly less pain than the placebo group but by 4 wk post-injection the difference between the 2 groups was significant. Post-injection flares occurred in both groups suggesting a steroid crystal-induced synovitis was not the cause. Because the additional pain relief afford by the steroid was temporary and the possible deleterious effects of intraarticular steroids, are still debated, their judicious use of OA is advised. PMID- 7009858 TI - The simultaneous assessment of four nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis using a simple and rapid trial design. Australasia Multicentre Trial Group. AB - We compared naproxen and sulindac with salicylates, ibuprofen and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The active medications were significantly more effective than placebo but not different from one another. Both naproxen and sulindac appeared to be more effective in the higher doses studied but a considerable variation in response emphasizes the need to individualize the dose requirements. A single-blind, non cross-over trial technique utilizing entirely subjective measurements in the form of self-assessment charts is presented. The method is simple and rapid and can be used for the simultaneous comparison of a number of antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 7009859 TI - A double-blind comparison of aspirin and pirprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Pirprofen (600 mg, 800 mg) and aspirin (3,600 mg) were compared in 30 outpatients (33-67 yr old) with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. After 10 wk of treatment with either pirprofen dose, the number of painful joints, grip strength, and the duration of morning stiffness improved significantly. Only the number of painful joints improved significantly with aspirin. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased with aspirin and 600 mg pirprofen but increased (significantly) with 800 mg pirprofen. The differences in improvement between the 3 treatment groups were not statistically significant. Gastrointestinal disturbances were the most frequently reported side-effects in each treatment group. Central nervous system effects and tinnitus were reported by more patients in the aspirin group than in either of the pirprofen groups. PMID- 7009860 TI - Colorectal anastomosis: factors influencing success. AB - Preservation of the anal sphincters is now consistent with adequate extirpation of the majority of rectal neoplasms. However, there is still a troublesome incidence of leakage through colorectal anastomoses. A number of different factors, working in combination, are responsible for this. Although most problems have been solved, and the mortality is low, the anastomotic leak rate described in the present series, and in the hands of most surgeons, remains high. Efficient suturing without tension, adequate filling and drainage of the presacral space, and antimicrobial prophylaxis effective enough to abolish abdominal wound sepsis, have been applied. The large vessel arterial blood supply to the suture line is good but the microcirculation of the left colon and rectum, upon which suture line healing ultimately depends, is suspect. Reduction of blood viscosity by deliberate lowering of the haemoglobin level before operation has been practised in the hope of improving the microcirculatory flow. The results so far are encouraging and suggest that the method is worth a continued trial. PMID- 7009861 TI - The eponymy of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7009862 TI - Social psychiatry. PMID- 7009863 TI - Spondyloarthropathy in childhood: a review. PMID- 7009866 TI - Leukotrienes: a major step in the understanding of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 7009865 TI - Permethyl analogue of the pyrrolic antibiotic distamycin A. AB - The synthesis of an analogue of distamycin A, a pyrrolic oligopeptide possessing antiviral and antibiotic activity, is described in which each of the three pyrrole rings is fully methylated. This structural modification results in pyrrole rings which are extraordinarily electron rich and required the development of a new synthetic approach to these polypyrrolic amides. The key reactions involved development of a general method for the synthesis of 3 aminopyrroles and for formation of an amide bond between a pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and these 3-aminopyrroles. Since the acid is hindered, a poor electrophile, and acid sensitive, while the amine is unstable and a hindered, weak nucleophile, amide bond formation under the usual conditions was poor. A very efficient method, however, was developed involving the isolation of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole active ester prepared in situ from another active ester. Neither the mono-, di-, nor tripyrrolic permethyl analogues were effective antimalarials, and none showed anticancer activity. PMID- 7009864 TI - Arterial sounds by phases: on object lesson in terminological confusion? PMID- 7009868 TI - Folate antagonists. 18. Synthesis and antimalarial effects of N6-(arylmethyl)-N6 methyl-2,4,6-pteridinetriamines and related N6,N6-disubstituted 2,4,6 pteridinetriamines. AB - N6-(Arylmethyl)-N6-methyl-2,4,6-pteridinetriamines (1-15) and related N6 substituted 2,4,6-pteridinetriamines (16-20) were obtained by the condensation of 6-chloro-2,4-pteridinediamine with N-methylarylmethanamine and other selected secondary amines. The requisite N-methylarylmethanamines (21-32) were prepared by the hydrogenation over Pt/C of the corresponding arylcarboxaldehyde in the presence of methanamine. Several of the N6-(arylmethyl)-N6-methyl-2,4,6 pteridinetriamines exhibited exceptional suppressive antimalarial activity against a drug-sensitive line of Plasmodium berghei in mice. N6-Methyl-N6-(1 naphthalenylmethyl)-2,4,6-pteridinetriamine (9), the most active of these compounds, was also shown to be curative at 3.16 mg/kg in a single oral dose against P. cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. This compound was also shown to be effective against a chloroquine-resistant line of P. berghei in the mouse but showed cross-resistance to a pyrimethamine-resistant strain. Most of the 2,4,6 pteridinetriamines showed strong antibacterial action against Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7009867 TI - Synthesis and antimalarial effects of N2-aryl-N4-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]- and N4 aryl-N2-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines. AB - A series of N2(and N4)-aryl-N4(and N2)-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4 quinazolinediamines has been synthesized for antimalarial evaluation. Condensation of the appropriate 2,4-dichloroquinazoline (IV) with the requisite N,N-dialkylalkylenediamine afforded a series of 2-chloro-N-[(dialkylamino)alkyl] 4-quinazolinamines (V) which were condensed with the appropriate arylamine to provide the corresponding N2-aryl-N4-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4 quinazolinediamines (VI). Hydrolysis of 2,4-dichloroquinazoline to 2-chloro-4 quinazolinol was followed by condensation with the appropriate N,N dialkylalkylenediamine to give an array of 2-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4 quinazolinols (IXa). Chlorination with phosphorus oxychloride and condensation with a requisite arylamine provided the N2-[(dialkylamino)alkyl]-N4-phenyl-2,4 quinazolinediamines (X). Antimalarial activity was general among the N2-aryl-N4 [(dialkylamino)alkyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines (VI), while the reverse isomers were of lower activity. Phototoxic liability precluded clinical evaluation of a member of the series. PMID- 7009870 TI - Some analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with substituents in position 10. AB - As part of our studies on the design of agonists of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), we have synthesized the [des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LH-RH N methylhydrazide (1), the corresponding thiosemicarbazide (2), and the N-formyl- (3) N-acetyl- (4) and N-(trifluoroacetyl)hydrazide (5). Analogue 1 may be regarded as isosteric with [des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LH-RH N-alkylamides which are, in general, potent agonists. Analogues 2-5 may be regarded as isosteric with [aza Gly-NH2(10)]-OH-RH, which is equipotent with the hormone. The required protected intermediates were prepared by solid-phase synthesis, and the free peptides were prepared from them by deprotection with HF, followed by purification on Sephadex G-25. Bioassay of these analogues with rat hemipituitaries in vitro showed the following values as percentages of the hormonal values for the release of LH and FSH respectively: N-methylhydrazide (1), 17 and 11%; semithiocarbazide (2), 6.5 and 4.6%; N-formylhydrazide (3), 15.3 and 10%; N-acetylhydrazide (4), 1.2 and 0.6%; N-(trifluoroacetyl)hydrazide (5), 1.0 and 0.9%. Thus, these types of isosteric substitutions are inimical to the preservation of the high biological activity of LH-RH. PMID- 7009869 TI - Inactivation of liver alcohol dehydrogenases and inhibition of ethanol metabolism by ambivalent active-site-directed reagents. AB - Active-site-directed reagents, of the general structure omega-(BrCH2CONH)RCOY, where R = alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl, and Y = OH or NH2, inactivated horse, mouse, rat, and human liver alcohol dehydrogenases at widely different rates, reflecting differences in reagent specificity and in the structures of the enzymes. Treatment of mice and rats with either of two optimally specific reagents, p (XCH2CONH)C6H4(CH2)3CONH2, where X = Br (7) or CH3SO3 (10), partially (20 to 40%) inactivated alcohol dehydrogenase in liver, inhibited ethanol metabolism, and prolonged the impairment of coordination produced by ethanol in these animals. Although the dose of 7 used (0.13 mmol/kg) approximated the LD50, 10 was effective at a dose of 0.48 mmol/kg that was not acutely toxic. PMID- 7009872 TI - Renal tubule brush border antigens: failure to confirm a pathogenetic role in human membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Biopsies from 60 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) were examined for the presence of renal tubular brush border antigens (BBAs) in immune complexes. Eluted and uneluted tissue sections were stained with fluoresceinated antibody to human BBA preparations. In no instance were BBAs found in glomerular deposits. The specificity of antisera and immunopathologic findings were verified by appropriate controls. The results failed to corroborate a role for BBAs in the pathogenesis of human MGN. PMID- 7009873 TI - The lessons of vasectomy-a review. AB - Vasectomy has become the most common method of permanent male sterilization for birth control. It is a simple operation that requires approximately 20 minutes to perform. Under local anaesthesia the vas deferens is cut and ligated. The patient is considered sterile when the ejaculate is sperm-free. Since spermatogenesis is not arrested by the operation and since the normal route of sperm removal is blocked, other mechanisms of sperm removal are developed. These mechanisms include sperm resorption into the interstitial tissue, granuloma formation, phagocytosis and immune response to sperm antigens. More than half of the men subjected to vasectomy develop demonstrable antibodies to one or more sperm antigens. Having been induced by the individual's own untreated antigen without the aid of external adjuvants, the response justifies the most rigorous definition of autoimmunity. The wide scale use of vasectomy, therefore, provides the clinical immunologist with a unique opportunity to study a longstanding, induced autoimmune response in otherwise normal human subjects. It is a matter of special importance to study these subjects carefully, in order to learn the maximum about human autoimmunity. PMID- 7009871 TI - Medical experiments on human beings. AB - Throughout the scientific age it has been increasingly realised that the path to knowledge is through carefully-controlled experimentation. Medicine must never, however, treat human beings as objects, or as the means to achieving increased knowledge. Ultimately the goal of human evolution will be served by the willing collaboration of members of society in the advancement of knowledge through carefully planned experimentation. As of now, however, many safeguards must be built into the system to ensure that no exploitation occurs. Experimenters are charged with the task of designing the most ingenious experiments, to give maximum information with a minimum of trauma and always to ensure the fully informed consent of the participants. This paper was read to a conference on human rights in relation to forensic science organised by Centro Internazionale di Richerche e Studi Penale e Penitanziari, in cooperation with UNESCO, held in Messina, Italy, in March 1980. PMID- 7009874 TI - Factor(s) elaborated by bone marrow that promote persistent engraftment of xenogeneic and semiallogeneic marrow. AB - Physiological media in which bone marrow suspensions are prepared (original supernatants) contain biologically active substances which affect the engraftment of semiallogeneic or xenogeneic bone marrow in lethally irradiated recipient mice. The activity of these factors is non species-specific. When F1 hybrid mice were transplanted with parental bone marrow, a high survival rate and enduring chimerism were achieved if these marrow-derived factors were administered to the recipients. Thus, the bone marrow seems to possess an autonomous self-regulatory system represented by products of its microenvironment. Apparently, the histocompatibility barrier can be overcome when the semiallogeneic marrow is transferred to the irradiated host together with components of its own microenvironmental regulatory system. PMID- 7009876 TI - Walther Wilbrandt, 1907-1979. PMID- 7009875 TI - The beginning of fluctuation analysis of epithelial ion transport. PMID- 7009878 TI - Food allergy. PMID- 7009877 TI - Activation time of blood platelets. AB - Blood platelets react rapidly in their hemostatic function. Determination of the reaction or activation time of individual platelets is difficult because it requires that physical and/or chemical effectors of activation are nonlimiting. Analysis of experimental conditions shows that the best estimate of mean activation time comes from in vivo measurements. Thus, the constancy of height-to length ratio of a growing thrombus, and its change with flow rate, provide additional evidence for the activation time hypothesis. PMID- 7009880 TI - Early operation in the treatment of small bowel obstruction. AB - Small bowel obstruction, one of the most common causes of acute surgical abdomen in adults, constitutes approximately 20 percent of all cases of acute surgical abdomen. With improper management, strangulation of the bowel may occur and result in an increased probability of mortality. The author reviews the literature and discusses diagnosis, management, and complications of small bowel obstruction. PMID- 7009881 TI - Deep mycoses in West Africa: a report of 13 cases and review of the Nigerian literature. AB - Thirteen cases of deep mycoses were found among 12,506 new patients attending two University clinics in Northern Nigeria. Patients with chromoblastomycosis due to Cladosporium carrionii, paracoccidioidomycosis, rhinophycomycosis, and sporotrichosis appear to be the first cases of these conditions recognized in the Savanna region of West Africa. The literature on systemic mycoses in Nigeria is reviewed and a need for a greater awareness of the problem is stressed. PMID- 7009882 TI - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula between the middle meningeal artery and the sphenoparietal sinus: a case report and review of the world literature. AB - A fistula between a lacerated middle meningeal artery and the sphenoparietal sinus was discovered in a patient who had increased intracranial pressure following trauma. PMID- 7009879 TI - Estimating the total number of nucleotide substitutions since the common ancestor of a pair of homologous genes: comparison of several methods and three beta hemoglobin messenger RNA's. PMID- 7009883 TI - A capite ad calcem--a parable for our time (1980 A.A.S.T. presidential address). PMID- 7009884 TI - Field incubator for measuring drug susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The battery-operated incubator described in this report is portable, inexpensive, and reliable. Combined with a simple candle-jar desiccator, it can be used for the cultivation of P. falciparum under field conditions. This should promote the use of the in vitro microtechnique for assessing drug susceptibility of malaria parasites, particularly in areas where a conventional source of electricity is not available. PMID- 7009885 TI - Malacoplakia: a study of the literature and current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7009886 TI - The value of intraoperative antibiotics in preventing renal transplant wound infections. AB - In a 3-year period 179 renal transplant operations were performed, during which time a uniform regimen for preventing wound infections was used. The incidence of primary renal transplant wound infections was reduced to 1 per cent by administering a single high dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics intraoperatively as an adjunct to this regimen. Intraoperative antibiotic coverage has been a safe and effective measure for preventing primary transplant wound infections. PMID- 7009887 TI - A comparison of cefaclor versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination in the treatment of acute urinary infections. AB - Acute lower urinary tract infections were treated in 57 women according to a randomized protocol, using either cefaclor, a cephalosporin whose chemical structure is similar to that of cephalexin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Urine cultures were made before treatment was started, midway through the 10-day course of therapy, 1 week after therapy and 4 to 6 weeks after therapy, if possible. Urine cultures in 100 per cent of the patients became sterile during therapy and remained so 1 week after therapy. Of those patients undergoing followup cultures 4 to 6 weeks after therapy 98 per cent had sterile urine. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to cefaclor therapy and 28 received a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. There was no difference between the 2 drugs studied in terms of efficacy. No side effects were noted with cefaclor and 2 minor side effects were noted with the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Cefaclor in a twice daily dosage schedule appears to be a safe and useful drug in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by the common gram-negative organisms and it appears to be as efficacious as the trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole combination. PMID- 7009888 TI - Urogenital involvement by malignant lymphomas. AB - Records of 1,068 patients with malignant lymphomas were reviewed from a more than 10-year interval for any evidence of lymphomatous involvement of the urogenital tract. Of the 1,068 patients 72 (6.7 per cent) had urologic findings related to lymphoma either at autopsy, radiographically or at operation. Of 400 cases 23 (5.8 per cent) with Hodgkin's and 49 of 668 cases (7.3 per cent) with non Hodgkin's lymphoma had some evidence of urogenital involvement at some point in the course of the disease. In the total group reviewed the rate of involvement was low (6.7 per cent) and was essentially equal for patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We herein illustrate various forms of urogenital tract problems encountered in patients with solid lymphatic tumors. PMID- 7009890 TI - Malignant gonadal stromal tumor: case report and review of the literature. AB - Of the 80 cases of gonadal stromal tumor reported in the literature 10 were malignant. We herein report another malignant case. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in malignant gonadal stromal tumor has not been defined. While the only sue evidence of malignancy is metastatic disease we recommend that if macroscopic and microscopic examination of the primary tumor suggests malignancy a retroperitoneal node dissection should be performed. PMID- 7009891 TI - The urinary tract in pregnancy. PMID- 7009892 TI - Imipramine--a possible alternative to current therapy for urinary incontinence in the elderly. AB - Imipramine was given orally at night to 10 elderly patients with urinary incontinence associated with spontaneous unstable detrusor contractions. The dose was increased for each patient up to a maximum of 150 mg. at night, or until continence was achieved or side effects occurred. Of the 10 patients 6 became continent. In 3 of the 6 patients who underwent repeat cystometry bladder capacity had increased (mean 105 cc), bladder pressure at capacity decreased (mean 18 cm. water) and urethral pressure increased (mean 30 cm. water). There was no correlation between plasma desmethylimipramine and dose, or clinical or urodynamic effect. PMID- 7009889 TI - Cryptococcal septicemia associated with urologic instrumentation in a renal allograft recipient. AB - A case is presented of a renal allograft recipient with 2 episodes of cryptococcal septicemia temporally related to genitourinary manipulation, which preceded the usual signs of meningeal or cutaneous infection. A review of the literature suggests that cryptococcal disease may, occasionally, manifest itself initially in the genitourinary tract. Therefore, we suggest that cryptococcal infection be suspected in the compromised host who has symptoms of cystitis or bladder outlet obstruction during a short period. PMID- 7009893 TI - Renal autotransplantation for retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by a dense rubbery retroperitoneal plaque that encases 1 or both ureters, causing hydronephrosis and impairing renal function. Primary or recurrent disease may result in extensive ureteral damage, leaving the urologist with limited surgical options. We herein report the fourth case managed successfully by renal autotransplantation. PMID- 7009894 TI - It's nothing new, unfortunately, for the VA. PMID- 7009896 TI - Infants and Gin Mania in 18th-century London. AB - A study of Hogarth's engraving, Gin Lane, highlights the fact that alcoholic addiction parents results not only in the fetal alcohol syndrome, but also in other types of infant abuse. Physical trauma, loss of parents, neglect, and malnutrition are all depicted. There is the strong implication that the causes of such infant abuse, and thus the prevention, lie largely in socioeconomic and cultural fields, rather than in that of medical science. PMID- 7009895 TI - Computers in medicine. PMID- 7009897 TI - The hepatitis B saga. PMID- 7009898 TI - Abdul Zahir. PMID- 7009899 TI - Hair implant complications. AB - Four men who underwent hair implantation for pattern baldness were treated for complications such as infection, foreign-body reaction, pruritus, and scarring. The complications were similar to those reported with synthetic modacrylic fiber implants that have been used for the same purpose. Although we believe this is the first article to report complications from hair implants, the illogical basis of the procedure suggests that complications will occur in many unsuspecting patients who undergo hair implantation. PMID- 7009901 TI - Transatlantic trip of marrow donor failed to help infant. PMID- 7009900 TI - Cimetidine postmarket outpatient surveillance program. PMID- 7009902 TI - Genetics of the eighteenth dynasty. PMID- 7009904 TI - Yefim Alekseyevich Pridvorov. PMID- 7009905 TI - Three mile island. The silent disaster. AB - From Wednesday, March 28, 1979, to Wednesday, April 4, 1979, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, was in a state of near-panic in response to the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. The Dauphin County Office of Emergency Preparedness quickly attempted to develop a plan to evacuate not only the population of an area 20 miles in radius from the plant but the short-term and long-term care medical facilities as well. For medical evacuation, a system of classification of patients was defined and matched to needed transportation. Furthermore, a critical coordinating link was established with the Hospital Association of Pennsylvania to identify and categorize relocation beds in receiving hospitals far from the incident site in the event of evacuation. Just as this incident was unusual, so too were the planning activities unique since they were never before conceived or accomplished. PMID- 7009903 TI - Rapidly expanding pulmonary nodule caused by Pittsburgh pneumonia agent. PMID- 7009906 TI - Blood pressure regulation in chronic hypotensive and hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We studied the regulatory mechanism of blood pressure in uremic patients (UP) treated with long-term hemodialysis. The cardiac index (CI) was higher in UP than in normal control (NC). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) in hypertensive (U Hyper) and normotensive (U-Normo) uremic patients was almost the same as that in NC but TPR in hypotensive uremic patients (U-Hypo) was lower than in NC. High CI in U-Hyper and low TPR in U-Hypo seem to be the causes of their blood pressure abnormalities. All patients had severe anemia. There was a significant positive correlation between hematocrit (Ht) and TPR in UP as well as in NC. The regression line of correlation between Ht (x axis) and TPR (y axis) in UP was shifted to the left from that of NC, suggesting TPR was higher even in U-Hypo than in NC. There was a significant negative correlation between Ht and CI in UP as well as in NC. The regression line of correlation between Ht (x axis) and CI (y axis) in UP was shifted to the left from that in NC, suggesting that CI was lower even in U-Hyper than that in NC. Therefore, higher TPR relative to Ht in U Hyper and lower CI relative to Ht in U-Hypo may actually be principal causes of their blood pressure abnormalities. Circulating plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were significantly higher in UP even after hemodialysis but there was no significant difference among subgroups of uremia. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was higher in UP than in NC. However, PRA in U-Hypo was significantly lower than that in U-Hyper or U-Normo. PRA in UP, even in U-Hypo, was inappropriately high relative to sodium/volume status. There was a significant positive correlation between TPR and PRA in UP. Therefore, higher TPR in UP relative to Ht than NC might be a result of elevated PRA. The level of blood pressure in UP seems to be regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin system. All patients were dialysed under the same condition. Heart rate and TPR increased after dialysis in U-Hyper and U-Hypo. However, no change occurred in these parameters throughout dialysis in U-Hypo. The responsiveness of renin secretion upon dialysis was lower in U-Hypo than in other two groups. Therefore, autonomic dysfunction may partly contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic hypotension in U-Hypo. PMID- 7009907 TI - Abnormal electrocardiograms resembling myocardial infarction in a case of reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - A rare and instructive case of cardiac involvement by reticulum cell sarcoma in a 72-year-old woman was presented. In this case acute myocardial infarction was suspected on an electrocardiogram but was proved absent, and only scattered tumor infiltration was demonstrated at autopsy. PMID- 7009908 TI - [Evaluation of trimetaphan (Arfonad) during laryngomicrosurgery under modified neuroleptanalgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009909 TI - [Recent findings in the history of anesthesiology (9) practice of the anesthetic method developed by Seishu Hanaoka]. PMID- 7009910 TI - [Recent findings in the history of anesthesiology (10)--Khwada, a celebrated physician at the Han dynasty was a Persian]. PMID- 7009911 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCVI]. PMID- 7009912 TI - [Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXX]. PMID- 7009913 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCIV]. PMID- 7009914 TI - [Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXVIII]. PMID- 7009915 TI - [Osmotic regulation in the body]. PMID- 7009916 TI - [Regulatory mechanism of ADH and neurophysin secretion]. PMID- 7009917 TI - [Urinary concentration and dilution mechanism of the kidney]. PMID- 7009918 TI - [Simulation of osmoregulation]. PMID- 7009920 TI - [Abnormal osmoregulation in endocrine diseases, with special reference to impaired water excretion and hyponatremia]. PMID- 7009919 TI - [Hypo-osmolar syndrome--classification and symptoms]. PMID- 7009922 TI - [Biochemical and clinical studies of bile acids]. PMID- 7009921 TI - [Classification of leukemic cells with immunologic markers]. PMID- 7009923 TI - [Immunological characterization of malignant lymphoma cells-technical aspect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009924 TI - Kinetics of heterologous anti-rat tubular antigen antibody in rat kidneys. AB - The distribution of rabbit antirat tubular antigen antibody (ATAb) in rat kidneys was examined by immunofluorescence at various times after the intravenous injections of various doses. The results were also compared with those of the experiments in rats made already nephrotic by aminonucleoside of Puromycin. Our results that ATAb could be demonstrated not only in the glomerular capillary wall but in the brush border of the proximal tubule might suggest the possibility that the tubule could also be damaged by immunological mechanism, although no histological support could be obtained. In the patients of the chronic glomerulonephritis (membranous glomerulonephritis), some of which are considered to be caused by tubular antigen and anti-tubular antigen antibody complexes, more attention should be attracted not only to the pathological changes in glomerulus but to those in proximal tubule. PMID- 7009925 TI - Detection of antibody-coated bacteria in the bile in experimental cholecystitis. AB - Detection of antibody-coated bacteria (A C B) in the bile sediment was tried in experimental cholecystitis which were produced in male rabbits by inoculation of mixture of E. coli and 5% sodium desoxycholate. A C B in the bile sediment was demonstrated in all cases by the direct immunofluorescent antibody technique. All cases showed positive cultures and all these isolates were the same strain as inoculated. PMID- 7009926 TI - In vitro cultivation of Metastrongylus apri. AB - The 3rd stage larvae of Metastrongylus apri were successfully cultured in vitro to the nearly maturity adult worms which possessed the sperm and immature eggs, though the worms were smaller in size than those grown in vivo. The most excellent medium for the development was relatively simple and consisted of chemically defined NCTC 109 supplemented with 20% calf serum, penicillin (200 unit/ml) and streptomycin (100 micrograms/ml). Standing culture with a larval concentration of 100 to 200 worms per tube containing 2 ml medium and wih a gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37 to 28 degrees c was found to be sufficient twice a week using aseptic techniques. Under these conditions a relatively uniform development was obtained, attaining 85 +/- 6.7% of larvae to the 5th stage. PMID- 7009927 TI - Production of L-forms of Streptococcus pyogenes and their antitumor effects. AB - Unstable L-forms of Streptococcus pyogenes were effectively isolated when protoplasts induced by muralysin were cultivated on a gradient plate containing penicillin-G. By this method, L-forms were obtained from the strains of serotype 3 and 4, from which they had been considered to be difficult to obtain. After 30 to 40 subcultures, two L-form strains (L-forms of Su and C-512) were successfully transferred into fluid medium without serum and penicillin. The antitumor effects of these stable L-forms were compared with these parent cocci. Treatment of the L form of Su, which has antitumor effect, showed a considerable prolongation of life span in mice inoculated with Meth-A ascites tumor. On the other hand, the L form of C-512, which has no antitumor effect, produced no effect on the tumor growth. Using two different transplantable tumors, the antitumor properties of th L-form of Su were investigated by comparing them with protoplast and cell wall fraction derived from the Su strain. In ascites tumors, the L-form treatment showed visible effects, while the cell wall produced no inhibitory effect. On the contrary, in solid tumors the antitumor effects obtained by the administration of the cell wall were never improved by the L-form. In both types of tumor, L-form showed antitumor activities similar to protoplast. PMID- 7009928 TI - [Variation of intestinal bacteria during administration of immunosuppressive or anticancer drugs (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009929 TI - [Studies on K-cell population in peripheral blood from patients with liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009933 TI - Drug resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from chicken. PMID- 7009931 TI - The deficiency of 21-hydroxylase as a paradigm of segregation analysis. PMID- 7009932 TI - [Computer-assisted instruction for antimicrobial therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009934 TI - [On Siegemundine and her "The most needed training in difficult and abnormal delivery"]. PMID- 7009930 TI - [Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with glucagon-insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009935 TI - [Distribution of fibronectin in human glomeruli in various types of glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009936 TI - [Studies on effects of renin-angiotensin system on hemodynamics and cardiovascular system in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009939 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009938 TI - [Urinary prostaglandin E in patients with hypertension--relationship to renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009937 TI - [Bartter's syndrome, a case report with some references to the pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009940 TI - [Nursing and nursing education in the past 35 years since the end of the Second World War. (1)]. PMID- 7009941 TI - [A tour of the areas related to Florence Nightingale. (1)]. PMID- 7009942 TI - Effect of captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor on renal vascular resistance in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of captopril administered intravenously in a dose of 1 mg/kg on systemic blood pressure (SBP), renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were examined in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Untreated dogs were used in experiments in which the renal artery remained intact and others in which the renal artery was partially occluded (RAO). Captopril significantly decreased SBP, increased RBF and decreased RVR in untreated dogs. RAO induced an increase in arterial plasma renin activity and this increase was accompanied by an increase in RVR in the contralateral kidney and rise in SBP. During RAO, captopril induced qualitatively similar, but greater decreases in SBP and RVR of the contralateral kidney compared with those in the untreated dogs. These results suggest the vasodilator effect of captopril depends on the background level of angiotensin II and the enhanced effect would be expected under conditions such as RAO where circulating angiotensin II contributes to vascular tone. PMID- 7009943 TI - [Primary, disseminated aspergillosis with signs of hilar lymphoadenopathy in chest x-ray (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009944 TI - [An ultrastructural study on pathologic alterations and early response to infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in the lungs of mice exposed to nitrogen dioxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009945 TI - [An autopsy case of primary reticulosarcoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7009946 TI - BCG vaccination and the subsequent development of cancer in humans. AB - In 1950 approximately one-half of the population of Muscogee County, Georgia, and Russell County, Alabama, who were over the age of 5 years took part in a tuberculosis survey that included a controlled trial of BCG vaccination. A total of 16,913 persons were classed as vaccinees and 17,854 as controls. By the end of 1977, nearly 28 years later, 423 controls and 429 vaccinees were known to have developed cancer. Inasmuch as only 379 cancer cases were expected among vaccinees, there was no indication of any general protective effect of BCG vaccination against cancer. There were 18 sites with 5 or more cancers among controls and vaccinees and with observed/expected ratios greater than 1.49 or less than 0.68. Fewer cancers among vaccinees than expected were found for only 6 of these 18 sites. Among the sites with excessive cases among vaccinees was the lymphoma-Hodgkin's disease-leukemia group [International Classification of Diseases (Eighth Revision) codes 200-202, 204-207], a group suspected from previous studies of occurring more frequently after BCG vaccination. PMID- 7009947 TI - Cervical carcinoma antigens in the diagnosis of human squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The use of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in the diagnosis of human squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of second cervical scrapes and touch preparations of normal and carcinomatous tissue. Rabbit antisera, prepared against human cervical squamous cell carcinoma homogenates and absorbed with normal human cervix and plasma, were used to stain 103 second cervical scrapes by indirect immunofluorescence. Of these specimens, 59 were positive by immunofluorescence, whereas the remaining 44 were negative. Compared with conventional cytologic diagnosis, positive immunofluorescence was detected in 100% (49/49) of the second scrapes from patients with cervical dysplasia or carcinoma (for a false-negative rate of zero). Of the second cervical scrapes from 57 patients negative by cytology, 13 were positive by immunofluorescence (for a false-positive rate of 22.8%). Indirect immunofluorescence tests on tumor touch preparations also revealed cervical TAA in other types of gynecologic tumors. PMID- 7009949 TI - Henry Mills Hurd: the first superintendent of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and the first professor of psychiatry. PMID- 7009948 TI - Preparation for childbirth--evidence for efficacy. A review. AB - Recent research on pain and psychoprophylaxis in relation to preparation for childbirth are examined. The various findings seem to lead to the value of childbirth preparation classes in lowering anxiety levels and altering patients' assessments of their impending labors. These changes in patients' appraisals are reflected in the experience of childbirth: in lowered perceptions of pain and more positive feelings about the birth. PMID- 7009950 TI - [Anniversary. Interview by Sirkka Aberg]. PMID- 7009952 TI - [Cold and the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7009951 TI - [Surgical complications in patients with artificial pacemakers]. PMID- 7009953 TI - [Assessment of heart failure in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7009954 TI - [Surgical treatment of different forms of hyperaldosteronism with low renin activity in the blood plasma]. AB - The clinical picture and biochemical values in patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant hyperaldosteronism and low renin activity in blood plasma due to adenoma of the adrenocortical glomerular zone and in its absence were studied before and after surgical treatment. An attempt is made to substantiate the expediency of surgical or nonoperative treatment of patients with aldosteroma or bilateral hyperplastic process in the adrenals. PMID- 7009955 TI - [Training in cardiology at the Central Institute for Postgraduate Studies (on the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Institute)]. PMID- 7009956 TI - [Detection and analysis of clinico-pathogenetic variants of the labile stage of hypertension using mathematical methods of image recognition]. AB - The method of cluster analysis was used for automatic classification of patients with the labile stage of hypertensive disease according to 15 parameters reflecting the condition of hemodynamics and its regulation. Two groups differing in the principal factors of high arterial pressure maintenance were distinguished. Clinical and physiological analysis of the distinguished groups was conducted on the basis of the furosemide test. PMID- 7009957 TI - [ECG interpretation by the Minnesota code on a mini-computer]. PMID- 7009959 TI - Impaired plasma triglyceride clearance as a feature of both uremic and posttransplant triglyceridemia. AB - After accurate plasma volume calculation, endogenous plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride turnover rates were measured in 20 undialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 16 renal transplant recipients with stable graft function. When kinetic criteria were based on a group of healthy subjects (Vmax = 36.7 mumoles/hr/kg), it was clear that, on the whole, CRF patients had a reduced capacity for VLDL-triglyceride removal (Vmax = 14.0 mumoles/hr/kg), as did graft recipients (Vmax = 19.5 mumoles/hr/kg). In transplant recipients with impaired graft function, however, extremes of both under removal and over production of VLDL-triglycerides were observed. In CRF, defective clearance was accompanied by a reduction in postheparin lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities, although there was no statistical relationship. Enzyme activities were not reduced, however, after transplantation, and the metabolic factors responsible for defective clearance were not clearly identified. PMID- 7009958 TI - Indirect evidence against a role of the kinin system in the renal hemodynamic effect of captopril in the rat. AB - The effects of acute saralasin (SAR) and captopril (SQ) administration on arterial pressure (AP), plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary excretion of water and electrolytes, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and glomerular blood flow (GBF) distribution (microsphere technique) were assessed in rats with activation of the renal renin and kallikrein systems (that is, chronic sodium depletion). In both groups AP decreased, and PRA and RBF increased markedly. Blood flow to outermost (C1) glomeruli was (in nl/min/g of kidney wt) 270 +/- 35 in SAR and 219 +/- 20 in the SQ group (NS when compared to 208 +/- 9 in control chronically sodium-depleted rats). Blood flow to innermost glomeruli (C4) strikingly increased from 95 +/- 10 (control) to 216 +/- 21 (SAR) and 180 +/ 13 (SQ group). Hence, preferential vasodilatation of innermost glomeruli occurred (C1/C4 ratio of 2.18 +/- 0.27 in control, 1.26 +/- 0.11 in SAR, and 1.25 +/- 0.07 in SQ rats). Chronic (6 days) administration of SQ was associated with a rapid and marked increase in water and sodium excretion. At the end of the study, RBF was higher than control, and GBF distribution was similar to that observed in acutely treated rats (C1/C4 ratio of 1.16 +/- 0.10). These results suggest that angiotensin plays a significant role in the systemic and renal hemodynamic changes associated with chronic sodium depletion. The similarity of the changes induced by SAR and SQ provides an indirect evidence against an effective role of the renal kallikrein system in the effect of captopril. PMID- 7009960 TI - [Therapy of diabetic coma in childhood]. PMID- 7009961 TI - [Gliadin antibodies in immunofluorescence. Use of an immunologic test in diagnosis and follow-up of celiac disease, in family screening and in the study of gastrointestinal metabolism of food antigens]. PMID- 7009962 TI - [Trials and use of an absorbable, synthetic cellulose-based surgical thread]. PMID- 7009963 TI - [New aspects of the treatment of bone paronychia]. PMID- 7009964 TI - [Morphological, metabolic and functional changes in the digestive canal and their role in irreversible processes in traumatic shock and acute blood loss]. PMID- 7009965 TI - [Treatment of septic states in surgery]. PMID- 7009967 TI - [Treatment of the duodenal stump in gastric resection]. PMID- 7009966 TI - [Experimental autotransplantation of the trachea and bronchi]. PMID- 7009968 TI - [Skin and bone reconstruction of the thumb]. PMID- 7009969 TI - [Regeneration of the fingers in children]. PMID- 7009970 TI - [Drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7009971 TI - [Theodor Billroth and modern surgery]. PMID- 7009972 TI - [Free transplantation of composite skin grafts]. PMID- 7009973 TI - [Device for preventing acute venous thrombosis and pulmonary artery embolism]. PMID- 7009974 TI - [Effect of E. coli endotoxin on gastric evacuation and intestinal motility in rats]. PMID- 7009975 TI - Macrocreatine kinase in plasma: a cause for a false positive CK-MB immunoinhibition test. AB - The case of a patient with bronchial neoplasm is described. A non-typical form of creatine kinase found in the plasma gave rise to a false positive CK MB test by the immunoinhibition procedure. Electrophoresis on agarose gels beside a normal MM band showed an additional band between the MB and the MM band of a standard mixture. It could be shown by an immunoprecipitation test using precipitating antibodies against CK-MM and CK-BB that the creatine kinase of the abnormal band consists entirely of the MM-type, which after treatment with polyethylene glycol not only became susceptible to inhibiting anti-M antibodies, but also showed the electrophoretic motility of CK-MM. Gel filtration chromatography clearly demonstrated the macromolecular nature of this abnormal creatine kinase. PMID- 7009979 TI - [Use of glucocorticoids in severe forms of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7009980 TI - [Therapy of diabetes mellitus. II]. PMID- 7009978 TI - [Oxyproline determination in acute and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7009977 TI - [Diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7009976 TI - [The significance of Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptors on human T-lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - About 15-20% of human circulating T-cells express Fc-IgG receptors (TG cells), and about 70-80% have Fc-IgM receptors (TM cells). TM cell enriched fractions are functionally heterogenous cell populations. TM cells are able to mature into specific cytotoxic T-cells after mixed lymphocyte reaction; TM cell fractions also comprise the helper T-cells for pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced B cell differentiation; and some TM cells can be induced to act suppressively on PWM induced B-cell differentiation and maturation. TG cells represent activated, relatively radiation resistant suppressor T-cells, and these cells are also active in natural cytotoxicity (NC), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and mitogen induced cellular cytotoxicity (MICC). IgG-immune-complex interaction with the Fc-IgG receptor on TG cells modulates Fc-receptor expression as it leads to loss of Fc-IgG receptors and expression of Fc-IgM receptors on the original TG cells after culture. This modulation of surface markers is accompanied by functional changes since ADCC and suppressor cell activity is reduced following immunecomplex interaction. Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptor expression on human T cells seems therefore to characterize distinct functional stages of T cells. IgG immunecomplex interaction in vitro seems to be a potent tool to change the different functional stages. PMID- 7009981 TI - Organization of actin in epithelial cells during regenerative and neoplastic conditions. Correlation of morphologic, immunofluorescent, and biochemical findings. AB - To study the distribution and the degree of polymerization of actin in regenerating and neoplastic cells we have examined: (1) the immunofluorescent staining of these cells with human antiactin antibodies (AAA), (2) the sensitivity of cellular actin to AAA staining after treatment with the actin depolymerizing factor present in plasma or serum of several animal species, and (3) the total and relative amounts of F- and G-actin in tissue preparations, determined by means of differential centrifugation and densitometric analysis of stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. There was little or no difference in staining intensity between normal and regenerating or tumoral tissues when treated with AAA, but AAA staining of normal tissues was abolished, whereas staining of regenerating and tumoral tissues remained intense after incubation with actin-depolymerizing factor. Gel analysis showed that normal, regenerating, and neoplastic epidermal cells contained similar amounts of actin. Compared to controls, regenerating liver tissue contained slightly more total actin, nearly the same amount of G-actin, but a substantially increased amount of F-actin. These results suggest that: (1) compared to controls, a greater proportion of regenerating and neoplastic tissue actin is stabilized against the action of actin-depolymerizing factor; (2) changes involving actin in regenerating and neoplastic epithelial cells reflect changes in its degree of polymerization rather than its total amount. PMID- 7009982 TI - Genetics and leprosy. PMID- 7009983 TI - Delphi: group participation in needs assessment and curriculum development. PMID- 7009984 TI - Dr. Snellen's 20/20: the development and use of the eye chart. PMID- 7009985 TI - EPSDT--can schools save the faltering giant? PMID- 7009986 TI - The concomitant problems of young stutterers. AB - This investigation was designed to survey a sample of 650 speech-language pathologists providing services in elementary schools and to obtain information on the concomitant problems of stutterers in their caseloads. The results of the survey revealed that 32% of all the young stutterers were free of any other problems. The remaining 68% were reported as having some other type of problem (articulation, language, voice, emotional disturbance, neurological handicap, etc.) in addition to their stuttering. Results also present the type of therapy received by each subgroup. Limitations of the survey method and clinical and research implications are discussed. PMID- 7009987 TI - The estimation of vitamin D and its metabolites in human plasma. PMID- 7009988 TI - The effect of a Ca2+-activated protease on the glucocorticoid receptor of lymphoid tissues. PMID- 7009989 TI - In vitro methylation of bacterial chemotaxis proteins: characterization of protein methyltransferase activity in crude extracts of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A specific in vitro assay was developed for the protein carboxyl methyltransferase that is involved in the chemotactic behavior of Salmonella typhimurium. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl esterification of glutamyl residues on a class of 60,000-dalton inner membrane proteins. The activity was found to display a pH optimum of 6.5 and be sensitive to the concentration of salts in the assay medium. No detectable activity was found towards a variety of other proteins which serve as substrates for mammalian and other bacterial carboxyl methyltransferases. This assay was used to quantitate the methylation of the 60,000-dalton methyl-accepting proteins in response to chemoeffectors. Small but reproducible concentration-dependent changes in the initial rates of in vitro methylation were observed with chemotactic attractants and repellents. The specific methyltransferase activity was found to be absent in several mutants in flagellar synthesis (fla-), suggesting that the synthesis of this enzyme is coordinately regulated with that of flagellin and basal bodies. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme in crude extracts were determined by gel filtration and sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation, and a native molecular weight of 41,000 was calculated from these data. PMID- 7009991 TI - Drinking by veterans and nonveterans: a national comparison. AB - The higher prevalence of heavy drinkers among veterans than nonveterans is accounted for by differences in demographic characteristics. PMID- 7009990 TI - Evidence for a low-molecular-weight plasma peptide which stimulates chick chondrocyte metabolism. AB - Plasma contains a number of insulin-like activities (ILA) of molecular weights 7,000 to 90,000 (somatomedins and insulin-like proteins) which stimulate cellular metabolism and may function as growth factors. We have found evidence for the presence of an 800 Dalton peptide in human plasma which markedly stimulates the metabolism of chick chondrocytes. This peptide was extracted from human Cohn fraction IV-1 by procedures similar to those used for somatomedin isolations. At the Sephadex G-50 column separation step, the fraction with molecular weights of 300-1,000 was found to markedly stimulate chick chondrocyte metabolism. Rechromatography on Sephadex G-25 concentrated activity in peptides of molecular weight of about 800. An HPLC separation on a silica C-18 reverse phase column gave elution of the active peptide at 18% acetonitrile in water. This bioactivity appears to be a peptide which is free of lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, metal ions, and immunoreactive insulin. This factor markedly increased the metabolism of cultured chick chondrocytes, but had only marginal activity on rat chondrocytes. When added at 1 microgram/ml to chick chondrocytes cultured in F-12 medium plus 1.5% fetal calf serum, the HPLC-purified activity increased DNA synthesis 7.3-fold, lipid synthesis 10.2-fold, and lactate production 2.9-fold after 48 h incubation. However, unlike somatomedins A and C, this factor did not displace insulin from placental membranes. These results suggest that low molecular-weight peptides, which are smaller than the somatomedins, may contribute to the total ILA of human plasma. PMID- 7009993 TI - Four-year follow-up on the Albany experience with intrapleural BCG in lung cancer. AB - One hundred sixty-nine patients were entered into randomized controlled studies of intrapleural bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy after surgical resection of lung cancer. Long-term follow-up of our initial series of BCG treated patients with Stage I disease continues to indicate that this treatment was superior to that given to control patients. The recurrence rate in the control population was high, 62% at 3 years. The recurrence rate was 33% at 3 years in the BCG-treated group. A negative preoperative tuberculin test and squamous cell histologic type were favorable prognostic factors for BCG-treated patients. The survival of patients with more advanced disease was not improved by BCG immunotherapy. PMID- 7009992 TI - Development of a dual isotopes techniques and two-stage column chromatography to characterize the prostaglandin F2alpha, E2 and Thromboxane B2 formed by the guinea pig lung. PMID- 7009995 TI - Intrafamilial lung xenografts from fox to dog. AB - The technical feasibility and rejection characteristics of intrafamilial fox-to dog xenografts were studied. The results indicate that (1) both lungs of a smaller donor can be successfully transplanted into a single hemithorax of a larger recipient, (2) fox-to-dog lung xenografts are capable of providing total pulmonary function at tolerable right ventricular pressures, and (3) the rejection process of unmodified intrafamilial lung xenografts, was similar to and not more vigorous or more rapid than that of canine lung allografts in untreated recipients. PMID- 7009994 TI - Suture techniques for atrioventricular valves: experimental study. AB - Repair of the complete atrioventricular canal defect is still complicated by dehiscence of sutured atrioventricular valves. An in vitro study of initial suture line strength during tensile loading was made using canine pericardial leaflets. Type of "non-pledgetted" stitch was not related to suture line strength. Closer spacing of non-pledgetted stitches (1 mm versus 2 mm) increased strength 29% (p less than 0.05). Pledgets increased strength 25% (p = 0.004). Greater depth (3 mm versus 1.5 mm) increased strength 32% (p less than 0.0001) in both pledgetted and non-pledgetted stitches. Larger suture size (4-0 versus 6-0) increased strength minimally. An in vivo study was performed to determine if the positive effect of pledgets on initial stitch strength would persist in a functioning mitral valve during healing. Four incisions were made at the base of the anterior mitral leaflet in dogs and were closed with one horizontal mattress stitch, with or without pledgets. After 1 to 7 days, none of the 16 pledget supported stitches had disrupted whereas nine of the 16 stitches without pledgets had torn out of the leaflet (p = 0.001). Tensile testing indicated use of pledgets resulted in stronger stitches (p = 0.0005). Results indicate that in the repair of the complete atrioventricular canal defect, pledget-supported sutures should be used. If non-pledgetted stitches are necessary, bites should be deep and closely spaced. PMID- 7009997 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma in the mouse. PMID- 7009998 TI - [Group training of asthmatic children - introduction of sociometrics]. PMID- 7009996 TI - Surgical approach to extensive suppurative thrombophlebitis of the central veins of the chest. AB - Suppurative thrombophlebitis is a potentially lethal intravascular infection associated with the usage of intravenous catheters. Conventional approaches to management include ligation and excision of involved venous structures. These measures may not be feasible in all situations. This paper describes the successful medical/surgical management of a patient with suppurative thrombophlebitis of the major vessels of the chest. When suppurative thrombophlebitis extends into the large central veins and antibiotic therapy fails, surgical intervention may be necessary. PMID- 7009999 TI - Lymphatic motility. PMID- 7010000 TI - The energetics of lymph formation. AB - A very important unanswered problem is the source of the energy required for formation of lymph. The most widely held theory has been that fluid filters from the capillaries, flows through the tissues, and then enters the lymphatic as a result of a continuous positive pressure gradient from the blood capillary to the lymphatic capillary. However, this fails to account for the negative pressures that have been measured by implanted perforated capsules and by the wick technique, both of which suggest that the interstitial free fluid pressure is negative. Furthermore, because the fluid in the tissue gel is in equilibrium with the free fluid, it has a chemical potential equivalent to the negative pressure of the free fluid. At present, the only probable source of energy that could create the negative hydrostatic pressure in the free fluid and the equivalent negative chemical potential in the intragel fluid is a lymphatic suction pump. Unfortunately, the existence of this has not yet been proved, but mechanisms by which the terminal lymphatic system could act as a suction pump have been proposed. PMID- 7010002 TI - Pulmonary embolism. AB - Acute pulmonary embolism is one of the most serious of the life-threatening illnesses, but it can be prevented or effectively treated. Unfortunately, there are no safe, rapid, or inexpensive tests for its detection, and so a high degree of alertness remains the clinician's best ally in the diagnosis of this disorder. Among the more useful diagnostic measures, a radioisotope ventilation-perfusion lung scan may be done in the search for a mismatch-an area normally ventilated where there is a perfusion defect. If two or more segmental mismatches are found, there is a high probability that pulmonary embolism is present. A normal perfusion scan virtually eliminates the possibility of pulmonary embolism, but an abnormal ventilation-perfusion scan is not synonymous with the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and may lead to the overdiagnosis of this disorder. Subcutaneous administration of heparin has proved to be an effective measure in preventing deep venous thrombosis, but it must be started before any thrombosis occurs. Intravenous use of heparin and oral anticoagulation are the mainstays of the therapy of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7010003 TI - 10. Antithrombotic therapy: role of platelet-inhibitor drugs. II. Pharmacologic effects of platelet-inhibitor drugs (second of three parts). AB - In this three-part series, the first part described the role of platelets in thrombogenesis, this second part considers the pharmacologic effects of platelet inhibitor drugs, and the third part will discuss their clinical application. This second article comprises (1) the physiologic contribution of the vessel wall to the prevention of thrombosis, particularly the role of prostacyclin, (2) the mechanisms of action of platelet-inhibitor drugs in the prevention of thrombosis, (3) the ideal dose and ideal therapeutic combinations of conventional platelet inhibitor drugs, (4) other agents and new agents that inhibit platelet function, and (5) drug side effects. PMID- 7010001 TI - The fine structure and functioning of tissue channels and lymphatics. AB - The fine structures of the tissue channels and the lymphatics are described. The two systems form part of the whole blood vascular-tissue channel-lymphatic complex. The fine functioning of this is very dependent on the structures of its individual components. In brief, the tissue-lymphatic system is a leaky swamp through which material flows due to the vagaries of adjacent pressure changes. It enters the lymphatics via holes in their walls: it is retained in them when the holes are closed. PMID- 7010004 TI - Cardiac transplantation--foolhardy or farsighted? PMID- 7010005 TI - A profile/interview of John B. DeHoff, MD, MPH-Baltimore's Commissioner of Health. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7010006 TI - Dobutamine inotropic support in a patient requiring high-level PEEP. PMID- 7010007 TI - The role of infidelity of transfer of information for the accumulation of age changes in differentiated cells. PMID- 7010008 TI - Nature of the decline in antigen-induced humoral immunity with age. AB - An attempt has been made to summarize our present knowledge of the influence of age on humoral immunity, as judged by the ability of an individual to generate antibody in response to antigenic stimulation. In general, humoral immunity declines with age, and the onset can occur as early as when an individual reaches sexual maturity. The decline is due to changes in the immune cells and their milieu. Cell loss, shift in the proportion of subpopulations, and qualitative cellular changes have all been detected. The most prominent cellular target of aging appears to be T cells involved in the regulation of humoral response. Since the changes are closely associated with the involution and atrophy of the thymus, an understanding of its changes could be the key to understanding immunosenescence. PMID- 7010009 TI - Some biological aspects of the aging brain. PMID- 7010010 TI - Levodopa in the treatment of (pre) senile dementia. AB - A progressive decrease of dopamine and related enzyme activities and a decline in the dopaminergic receptor functions in the striatum and limbic system controlling behavior have been observed in senescent brain. These changes provide a neurochemical basis for some behavioral and mental disturbances of the aged and suggest the possibility of a substitution therapy of neurotransmitter deficiency of senile and presenile dementia. Previous reports on the effects of levodopa treatment of dementia in parkinsonism and aging have given conflicting results. A controlled double-blind study of 6 months' administration of levodopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor given at oral doses of 250 mg daily versus placebo in twelve patients aged 54--60 years showing initial signs of organic dementia was performed. Clinical rating of twelve parameters of organic brain syndrome and psychometric studies using three subtests of the HAWIE (digit span, coding B test and block design) indicate improvement in the overall scores of organic brain syndrome and in particular in the visuospatial functions, visual memory, and visual-motor coordination. In general, improvement increased with the duration of levodopa treatment. These preliminary data suggest some beneficial effect of levodopa treatment in early stages of presenile dementia and thus open new therapeutic aspects in neurogerontology. PMID- 7010011 TI - Recent advances in the cell biology of aging. AB - Cultured normal human and animal cells are predestined to undergo irreversible functional decrements that mimic age changes in the whole organism. When normal human embryonic fibroblasts are cultured in vitro, 50 +/- 10 population doublings occur. This maximum potential is diminished in cells derived from older donors and appears to be inversely proportional to their age. The 50 population doubling limit can account for all cells produced during a lifetime. The limitation on doubling potential of cultured normal cells is also expressed in vivo when serial transplants are made. There may be a direct correlation between the mean maximum life spans of several species and the population doubling potential of their cultured cells. A plethora of functional decrements occurs in cultured normal cells as they approach their maximum division capability. Many of these decrements are similar to those occurring in intact animals as they age. We have concluded that these functional decrements expressed in vitro, rather than cessation of cell division, are the essential contributors to age changes in intact animals. Thus, the study of events leading to functional losses in cultured normal cells may provide useful insights into the biology of aging. PMID- 7010012 TI - Genetic variations in serum proteins in relation to diseases. AB - In general, serum protein patterns, as identified by their relative mobility during electrophoresis and chromatography, can be used to a considerable extent in identifying different disease states. There is no change in the basic pattern controlled at the gene level, however. The relative size and intensities of the bands can be taken as diagnostic characters, particularly in disease conditions where the substrate or the end products of the gene are affected. The correlation of any particular genotype with a particular disease is rare, as is expected, since any established genotype will presumably not lead to major defects or lethality. PMID- 7010013 TI - Behavior of the multiproduct firm. A model of the nonprofit hospital system. AB - This article presents a hospital model that recognizes the multiproduct nature of hospital output and incorporates trade-offs among various competing goals. A utility function for the hospital is defined over quantity, quality and the net revenues associated with the treatments produced. Utility is constrained by epidemiological factors and by availability of beds. The model is used to draw comparative statics implications, from which econometric hypotheses are developed and tested. This is accomplished by a set of equations that predict variations in patient-specific lengths of stay, admissions, expenses per admission, and occupancy rates. Empirical results are generally consistent with predictions. The model has a variety of policy applications, and these are illustrated. PMID- 7010014 TI - A controlled clinical trial of "family care" compared with "child-only care" in the comprehensive primary care of children. AB - We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial in a health center serving a poor population to attempt to find the differences, if any, between the effectiveness of primary care provided to children by two patterns of comprehensive medical care practiced by a pediatrician-internist-allied health team--one pattern offering care exclusively to children and the other offering care to both children and their parents. The study demonstrated few measurable differences between the two groups of children in either utilization or outcome. Where there were differences, most tended to favor slightly the family pattern of care: older children maintained their use of the center, immunization was somewhat more timely and children over time appeared to make fewer visits to sources of ambulatory care other than the health center. The absence of more or greater measurable differences may be due to the relatively short period of study, to the extremely disadvantaged population served, to the special model of family care used or to the comprehensive, team-based care provided to both groups of children. PMID- 7010015 TI - [Intra-abdominal textile foreign bodies. Apropos of 6 cases, clinical and radiological manifestations and review of the literature]. PMID- 7010016 TI - Variations of serum glucose, insulin and neutral amino-acids during prolonged glucose infusion in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7010017 TI - [Colonic complication of renal transplantation. A case of ischemic colitis and a case of acute tuberculous colitis]. PMID- 7010018 TI - [Essential hypertension and diabetes]. AB - Exchangeable sodium (E-Na), plasma volume (PV), and plasma renin activity (PRA) have been studied in 19 patients with essential hypertension and diabetes, and the results compared to those of non-diabetic patients with benign essential hypertension. None of the cases had renal disease or hypertension with systolic predominance. E-Na was 114 +/- 9.74 (SD), significantly superior to that of normal subjects (p less than 0.001). An elevated E-Na was observed in 52.6% of the diabetic group, while PV was normal. PRA levels were normal in most patients, mean 1.28 +/- 1.97 ng ml-1 h-1, only two patients disclosing an elevated PRA (10.5%). No relationship was found between PRA and age, blood pressure, and E-Na. From the comparison of results between diabetic and non-diabetic hypertension patients it appears that: 1) no differences between mean PRA and E-NA exist, although a greater percentage of diabetics have an elevated E-Na, and 2) in the non-diabetic group there is a positive correlation between E-NA and PV, while in the diabetic group such a correlation is negative (p less than 0.05). The finding of an elevated body sodium in patients with essential hypertension and diabetes probably represents a true abnormality in the body composition of these patients, although there is no explanation for the fact that it is unassociated to an increase of the plasma volume, as opposed to essential hypertension in non diabetics. PMID- 7010019 TI - [Shigella bacteremia. Report of three cases]. AB - Shigella bacteremia is very uncommon, although it is known to occur in Shigella infection. Three cases of Shigella flexneri bacteremia are reported, two of them diagnosed at the Residencia Ntra. Sra. de Aranzazu of San Sebastian, and another at the Ciudad Sanitaria Francisco Franco of Barcelona. In spite of the frequency of Shigella infections in Spain, no cases of Shigella bacteriemia had been heretofore reported from our country. One of the patients was an alcoholic woman who died in coma and renal failure. The other two cases were children who had an uneventful recovery. Stool cultures were positive for Shigella flexneri in two of the three patients. In the third the bacillus could not be isolated from the stools in spite of three consecutive cultures. PMID- 7010020 TI - Evaluation and management of the bleeding patient. PMID- 7010021 TI - Acute arthritis. PMID- 7010022 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome: physiologic basis of treatment. PMID- 7010024 TI - The evaluation and treatment of patients with arterial aneurysms. PMID- 7010023 TI - Evaluation of acute chest pain. PMID- 7010026 TI - Occurrence and prognostic significance of retinopathy in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7010027 TI - [Camouflage treatment of cosmetic disturbing skin changes]. PMID- 7010025 TI - Diabetes and risk of cataract development. PMID- 7010028 TI - [Rheumatology pharmacotherapy from a historical and philatelic viewpoint]. PMID- 7010029 TI - [anti-platelet therapy or anti-coagulants as prevention in transient ischemic attacks and reversible ischemic stroke]. PMID- 7010030 TI - [Anti-coagulant therapy in TIA and cerebral infarct]. PMID- 7010031 TI - [Diabetes and the driving license. Studies of insulin and C-peptide levels]. PMID- 7010033 TI - [Indications and technics for early excision and transplantation in burns]. PMID- 7010032 TI - [Current data on the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus infection]. PMID- 7010034 TI - Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by disulfiram; possible relation to the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. PMID- 7010035 TI - Pituitary LH response to LHRH in male rats following pentobarbital anesthesia. PMID- 7010036 TI - Minireview: dialkylnitrosamine bioactivation and carcinogenesis. PMID- 7010037 TI - Myocardial triacylglycerol fatty acid composition in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7010038 TI - Minireview: Regulation of renal ammoniagenesis during acidosis: the pyridine nucleotide hypothesis revisited. PMID- 7010041 TI - The contribution of prostaglandins to renal blood flow maintenance is determined by the level of activity of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7010040 TI - Premature development of cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission in the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7010039 TI - Applications of liquid chromatographic-fluorometric systems in neurochemistry. PMID- 7010042 TI - Isolated rat gastric parietal cells: cholinergic response and pharmacology. PMID- 7010043 TI - Prostaglandins do not modulate the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and injected norepinephrine in the isolated blood perfused canine atrium. PMID- 7010045 TI - A non-immunoglobulin link reagent for use in the unlabelled antibody method (pap) of immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7010044 TI - Rapid methods for identification of clinical isolates of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. PMID- 7010046 TI - Preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes suspensions for typing by the agglutination method. PMID- 7010047 TI - Ornithine--sorbitol agar as an aid to the identification of Kl. pneumoniae in sputum. PMID- 7010048 TI - [Evaluation of the information content of thermographic signs of the breasts using a computer]. PMID- 7010050 TI - [Index of the Soviet literature on medical radiology in 1978]. PMID- 7010049 TI - [Status of the radiation therapy of oncological patients in the hospitals of Great Britain (based on data from a trip abroad)]. PMID- 7010051 TI - [Bibliographical index to inventions in radionuclide diagnosis and radiation therapy for the 1st half of 1980]. PMID- 7010052 TI - [D. I. Ul'ianov in Simbirsk]. PMID- 7010053 TI - [Role of hypothermia in the development of cardiac and vascular surgery]. PMID- 7010054 TI - [Public health development of the USSR in the period between the 21st and 26th congresses of the CPSU]. PMID- 7010055 TI - [Significance of I. P. Pavlov's theory for the clinical picture of internal diseases]. PMID- 7010056 TI - Gout therapy throughout the ages. PMID- 7010057 TI - Frank Netter: the man, the artist, the surgeon. PMID- 7010058 TI - [Biochemical regulation by proteolysis]. PMID- 7010059 TI - [Malaria tropica]. PMID- 7010060 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation. Chance in therapy of acute leukemia]. PMID- 7010061 TI - [Hyperglycemia]. PMID- 7010062 TI - [Side effects of drugs from the viewpoint of medical history]. PMID- 7010063 TI - [Drug interactions in the use of cardiac glycosides]. PMID- 7010065 TI - [Small-group teaching in the course for medical terminology]. PMID- 7010064 TI - [Juvenile alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Course, diagnosis and prognosis]. PMID- 7010066 TI - [Demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in benign and malignant colon tumors with the immunoperoxidase method]. PMID- 7010067 TI - [Deiodination of thyroxine by tissue in the diabetic rat. Effect of insulin in vitro]. PMID- 7010068 TI - [Culture of Trypanosoma cruzi in a monophasic medium with aeration to obtain antigens]. PMID- 7010069 TI - [C-reactive protein]. PMID- 7010070 TI - [Fetal injury in the mouse by pretreatment of the mother with skin or tumor grafts of paternal origin]. PMID- 7010071 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with amyloid stroma]. PMID- 7010072 TI - Effects of diabetes mellitus and chemical sympathectomy on tissue monoamine oxidase activity and norepinephrine concentration in the golden hamster. AB - The pancreatic islets of the golden hamster have an extremely high monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and norepinephrine (NE) concentration. To determine the cellular component responsible for these high values, we assayed MAO activity and NE concentration in collagenase-isolated islets from normal, streptozotocin induced diabetic, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced sympathectomized golden hamsters. There was a 53% reduction in islet MAO activity in the diabetic hamsters, with no alteration in islet MAO activity in the sympathectomized ones, suggesting that the pancreatic B cells contain a large proportion of the MAO activity. There was a 98% reduction in islet NE concentration in the sympathectomized hamsters, with no alteration in islet NE concentration in the diabetic hamsters, suggesting that the adrenergic nerve endings in the islets contain the majority of the NE. There was no alteration in the MAO activity or NE concentration in th cerebral cortex, pituitary gland, liver, kidney, acinar pancreas, or heart of diabetic hamsters. Although the MAO activity of the hypothalamus was not altered, the diabetic hamsters had a 166% increase in NE and a 199% increase in dopamine in their hypothalamus, with no change in these amines in their cerebral cortex. PMID- 7010073 TI - Autoregulation by glucose of hepatic glucose balance: permissive effect of insulin. AB - To study the pathways involved and the effect of insulin on the autoregulation of hepatic glucose balance, isolated hepatocytes from normal, diabetic and treated diabetic rats were incubated with varying concentrations of glucose (100-400 mg/dl) with and without pyruvate (10 mM). New glucose production or utilization was calculated from the change in media glucose concentrations before and after incubation, new glycogenolysis by the change in tissue glycogen levels before and after incubation, net glycolysis by following the incorporation of glucose-C14 into lactate C14 and gluconeogenesis by the difference in glucose production in the presence and absence of pyruvate. Hepatocytes from control and insulin treated animals manifested autoregulation of glucose balance. Glucose modulated the glycogen and glycolytic pathways but did not affect gluconeogenesis. In hepatocytes from diabetic rats, there was no autoregulation, tissue glycogen was unmeasurable both before and after incubation, glycolysis was markedly curtailed and gluconeogenesis was increased. It may be concluded that (1) glucose autoregulates its own production or utilization by modulating the glycogen and glycolytic pathways, (2) autoregulation is lost in severe diabetes leading to fasting hyperglycemia, and (3) insulin has a permissive effect on the autoregulation of glucose balance by maintaining the rate-limiting enzymes, glycogen synthase and glucokinase, so that glucose can exert its effect on these pathways. PMID- 7010074 TI - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma glucose and the response of glucose regulatory hormones to intravenous glucose and arginine in insulin treated diabetics and normal subjects. PMID- 7010075 TI - Prostaglandins as mediators of paraneoplastic syndromes: review and up-date. PMID- 7010076 TI - Hormonal and substrate responses to a standard meal in normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. AB - Postprandial plasma insulin, glucose, growth hormone, cortisol and free fatty acid responses to a standard mixed meal were determined and compared to fasting plasma triglyceride levels in normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. The hypertriglyceridemic subjects had significantly higher postprandial plasma insulin levels than did normals, but no significant differences were seen between the two groups to any of the other variables. Postprandial plasma insulin levels were highly correlated to fasting plasma triglyceride levels, but there was no significant correlation between any of the other variables and fasting plasma triglyceride levels. PMID- 7010077 TI - A rise in ambient temperature augments insulin absorption in diabetic patients. AB - The absorption rate of 125I-Actrapid insulin (6 U) from a subcutaneous injection site was examined in six insulin-dependent diabetic patients at ambient temperatures of 20 degrees C and 35 degrees C. During a 4-hr observation period, the insulin disappearance rate at 35 degrees C was 50%-60% greater than at 20 degrees C (p less than 0.01). Despite the small dose of insulin used, plasma glucose levels tended to be 1 to 2 mmole/liter lower at 35 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. These findings indicate that a rise in ambient temperature augments insulin absorption, in insulin-treated diabetic patients. PMID- 7010078 TI - Inhibition of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia by a disaccharidase inhibitor. AB - The ability of an inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glucosiadase activity to prevent sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia was studied in nonobese rats. The results indicated that plasma triglyceride levels were approximately twice as high in untreated rats, and the reduction in plasma triglyceride levels of drug-treated rats was associated with lowered very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rates and plasma insulin levels. Since these changes could be produced with an amount of glucosidase inhibitor which did not prevent normal rate of weight gain, the possibility arises that this approach may be useful in the treatment of various hypertriglyceridemic states in man. Finally, the observation that the fall in plasma TG concentration was associated with a fall in plasma insulin concentration provides further evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between the two variables. PMID- 7010079 TI - Divorce at midlife: psychic dangers of the liminal period. Part II. Clinical considerations. AB - This paper presents the results of a clinical investigation into middle divorce. The second of a two part series, it explores the impact of liminality: the "betwixt and between" state often found among a newly-separated of all ages. This state may occur at more than one point in the divorce process, and is associated with heightened trauma. A therapeutic intervention procedure, the divorce ritual, is suggested as a means of ameliorating the effects of liminality. PMID- 7010080 TI - Estradiol valerate therapy and the renin--aldosterone system in castrated women. AB - The effect of estradiol valerate (Progynova, 2 mg daily) on the renin- aldosterone system was studied in nine women after bilateral oophorectomy. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and the daily urinary excretion of aldosterone (dU-Ald) were determined 4 mth after the operation -- during which no estrogen was given -- and after 3 mth on estrogen therapy. Plasma estradiol concentration rose in 7 subjects to the normal postovulatory level. No changes were found in PRA or dU Ald. The results suggest that an effective estradiol valerate therapy is not accompanied with activation of renin--aldosterone system, while synthetic and non human natural estrogens (Premarin) were shown earlier to increase PRA. PMID- 7010082 TI - The effect of calcium on protoplast release from species of Aspergillus. AB - The effect of various osmotica and lytic enzyme treatments, on the release of stable protoplasts from Aspergillus niger and two strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, has been investigated. Most osmotica supported protoplast release at a concentration of 0.6 M except for CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2. Supplementation of 0.6 M KCl with 0.2 M CaCl2 enhanced release from both species, but depended upon strain of organism, concentration of osmoticum and enzyme system employed. More protoplasts were released at low concentrations of KCl and/or when chitinase was present in the digestion medium. This enhancement effect was concerned with the Ca2+ ion since addition of Ca(NO3)2 also gave a higher yield and EDTA severely depressed protoplast release. Further investigations suggested that the effect of Ca2+ was not primarily acting as a supplementary osmoticum or concerned with protoplast membrane stabilization. Experiments using 45CaCl2 showed that the enhancement effect was probably due to Ca2+ affecting chitinase activity. PMID- 7010081 TI - Flow microcalorimetric study of the effects of pH, metal ions and sterols on the interaction of polyene antibiotics with Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC239. AB - The effects of pH, metal ions (calcium and magnesium) and sterols (cholesterol and ergosterol), on the interaction of polyene antibiotics with respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCYC 239) cells have been studied by flow microcalorimetry. The bioactivity of nystatin decreases as the pH of the medium increases toward neutral. Calcium and magnesium ions attenuate the biological effects of nystatin, amphotericin B and candicidin. The activities of filipin and pimaracin (natamycin) are unaffected by the presence of these ions. Ergosterol and cholesterol show similar effects. Some possible explanations for these observations are suggested. PMID- 7010083 TI - The role of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in blood coagulation and platelet function. AB - The effects of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens on platelet function of rabbits was studied. A. fumigatus antigens produced spontaneous and irreversible aggregation of platelets. Aspirin, indomethacin or lidocaine did not block the antigen induced aggregation. However, no aggregations occurred when complement depleted plasma was used. No differences were noted between the strains used. Our findings show that soluble Aspergillus antigens can cause platelet aggregation in vitro, possibly via a complement dependent pathway. The likely implications of these findings in clinical situations are discussed. PMID- 7010084 TI - [The representation of size distributions of spherical nuclei by using histograms of their section areas (author's transl)]. AB - A tissue can often be characterized by size and shape of its nuclei. For several purposes the population of nuclei is analyzed by using tissue sections. However, the relationships between the distribution of the sizes of the nuclei and that of their sections are not self-evident. Therefore, the cutting of spheres was simulated on a computer in order to clarify the relationships in at least a simple system. As each combination of different spheres results in a specific distribution of sections, it is often possible to decide without any calculations whether an observed histogram of sections originates from a system of spheres of the same or of different sizes, or of non-spherical objects. PMID- 7010085 TI - An inexpensive "silicone photo device" for transmicroscopic registration of rhythmical movement phenomena. AB - A highly sensitive electronic unit (called "silicon photo probe") is described, which enables registration of cellular motion phenomena simultaneous with their light microscopic observation. Changes in light intensity caused by movements of the living object are registered by means of a silicon photo diode (silicon blue cell), which can be mounted within the binocular tube of any type of light microscope replacing one of the oculars. Its application during investigations of oscillating contraction activity in Physarum is reported. Advantages and short comings are discussed with respect to established photometric, tensiometric and infrared registration techniques. PMID- 7010086 TI - Dynamics of neovascularization in normal tissue. PMID- 7010087 TI - [Variability of a distant hybrid produced as a result of crossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Schizosaccharomyces pombe]. PMID- 7010088 TI - [I. L. Rabotnova's paper, "The Study of the Physiological State of Organisms Under Examination"]. PMID- 7010089 TI - [Study of the physiological state of microorganisms under examination]. PMID- 7010090 TI - [Role of an exoprotease biosynthesis-stimulating microbial factor in Aspergillus kanagawaensis in the process of its growth and development]. AB - Morphofunctional changes were studied in the culture of Aspergillus kanagawaensis producing exoproteases; the changes accompanied an increase in the rate of biosynthesis of these enzymes in the presence of a stimulating factor produced by Aspergillus wentii. The germination of conidia and the formation of the secondary mycelium in A. kankagawaensis were delayed by 6--12 hours under the action of the stimulating factor. The monoculture of the fungus producing exoproteases is characterized by the formation of the colonial type of mycelium; however, the diffuse type of mycelium is observed in the presence of the stimulating factor, i. e. the maximal rate of the enzyme production correlates with the high degree of differentiation of the mycelium structural units. PMID- 7010091 TI - Control of ovarian function by the immune system: commentary on the criticisms of Schenzle. AB - Recent hypothesis on the participation of the immune system in the control of ovarian function is supported by new experimental data. Schenzle's oversimplified endocrine explanation of problems of ovarian function control was critically examined. It is questionable whether the neuroendocrine paradigm should not be revised in the light of the modulating role of the immune system in the ovarian function control. PMID- 7010092 TI - Malariotherapy and cancer. AB - Malariotherapy merits a clinical trial as an adjuvant to conventional cancer therapy. This particular modality of treatment is a most potent stimulus of macrophage activity. These scavenger cells are widely believed to be an essential arm in the host's immune defenses against malignant disease, both as regards the processing of antigens and as killers of tumor cells. Significant too, malariotherapy, as formerly used to effectively treat some 16,000 patients with paretic neurosyphilis in one institution alone, before the advent of the penicillin age, has proved to be a particularly safe modality of treatment. PMID- 7010093 TI - Water relations of altered body functions. AB - Body fluids are relatively dilute aqueous solutions, so despite their complex and variable chemical constitution, the properties of water contribute materially to their physical behavior. Since there is probably no water-potential gradient anywhere in the body, those fluids are in dynamic osmotic equilibrium with each other and, because water resembles a highly mobile random network of severely distorted hydrogen bonds, a dynamic water continuum pervades the body-fluid compartments. This random network is subject to interference in a variety of ways, but its likely response is remarkably consistent with corresponding changes in major body functions. The state of body water may therefore be a more sensitive index of abnormality than hitherto supposed. PMID- 7010094 TI - Rectal excision for cancer 1880 to 1980. PMID- 7010095 TI - Home blood-glucose monitoring: a new approach to the management of diabetes mellitus. AB - The results in 116 diabetics who were performing long-term home blood-glucose monitoring (HBGM) are presented. By means of Dextrostix and portable glucose meters at home and at work, patients recorded blood glucose (BG) profiles during original treatment and subsequent adjustment, and were followed up for four to 18 months. Initially marked fluctuations in BG levels occurred, with 67% of patients demonstrating hypoglycaemia (clinically silent in 53%) followed by rebound hyperglycaemia (the Somogyi effect). Adjustment of the insulin regimen resulted in reduction in standard deviation of BG concentration from a mean of 4.4 mmol/L to 2.7 mmol/L (P less than 0.001), thus avoiding both hypoglycaemia and extreme hyperglycaemia. Daily insulin dose decreased from a mean of 44 (+/- 21 SD) units to 30 (+/- 12 SD) units per day (P less than 0.001), and the insulin regimens used are described. The results of urine tests correlated poorly with those of HBGM in 67% of patients. Patient acceptance of HBGM was excellent, and it has permanently replaced urine testing in 96% of the subjects. Management based on HBGM resulted in improved diabetic control and life-style, and reduced the frequency of hospital admissions. The need for adequate education in technique and supervision is stressed. HBGM is superior to, and more acceptable than, urine testing as a method of monitoring diabetic control. PMID- 7010096 TI - 100 years of paediatric surgery in Sydney. AB - From urgent tracheotomy by gas or candelight; from fear of laparotomy because of infection; from excision of the hip joint for tuberculous disease; from carbolizing fragments in fractures; from a despairing acceptance of deformed hearts and heads and bowels; and from alcohol, chloroform and ether dripped on a mask--to teaching that ensures early diagnosis; to the confident repair of major damage or deformity in all systems from birth through childhood; with skilled support before and after operation--is a spectacular story! PMID- 7010097 TI - Food and fitness at sea. PMID- 7010098 TI - Severe lung oedema and fatal consumption coagulopathy after funnel-web bite. AB - A young woman who was bitten by a male funnel-web spider presented with early, severe pulmonary oedema which was successfully managed with positive and expiratory pressure ventilation. However, three days after envenomation, she developed a consumption coagulopathy which proved fatal. It is evident that our knowledge of the actions of the toxin is incomplete, and that the standard method of management advocated by previous writers is inadequate. PMID- 7010099 TI - Intracavitary adriamycin nitrogen mustard and tetracycline in the control of malignant effusions: a randomized study. PMID- 7010100 TI - Unusual mycobacterium infection in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7010101 TI - U100 insulin and syringes. PMID- 7010102 TI - A B C of the management of cardiac arrest: 2. in hospital. PMID- 7010103 TI - [Allergic pathology in 490 epoxy-prepolymer workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010104 TI - [Importation of malaria from abroad into the USSR (1974-1979)]. PMID- 7010105 TI - [Leishmaniases: parasitic diseases of the immune system?]. PMID- 7010106 TI - [Combined effect of chloroquine and quinine in rodent malaria (Plasmodium berghei)]. PMID- 7010107 TI - [Serological and parasitological methods in detecting imported amebiasis]. PMID- 7010108 TI - [Experimental characteristics of the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus, Schulze 1930) as a vector of the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. PMID- 7010109 TI - [Action of Baytex on the eggs of Rhodnius prolixus Stal. bugs]. PMID- 7010110 TI - [Experiences with Ossin]. PMID- 7010111 TI - Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7010112 TI - Light Antennas in phototactic algae. PMID- 7010113 TI - Immunity to Candida albicans. PMID- 7010115 TI - Biology of Bordetella bronchiseptica. PMID- 7010114 TI - Sporothrix schenckii and related species of Ceratocystis. PMID- 7010117 TI - Inorganic arsenic toxicosis in cattle. AB - In 4 occurrences of arsenic poisoning in cattle, the principal clinical sign was acute hemorrhagic diarrhea attributable to hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Arsenic concentrations in the liver, kidney and rumen contents varied. In one occurrence, arsenic in the hair of affected survivors was assayed at 0.8-3.40 ppm, vs 0.09 0.10 ppm in randomly selected control samples of hair. Sudden death was the only clinical sign in another occurrence in which gastric contents contained arsenic at 671 ppm. In another occurrence, arsenic poisoning caused lesions similar to those of salmonellosis. PMID- 7010120 TI - [Amnesic episodes]. PMID- 7010118 TI - Primary sex determination: genetics and biochemistry. AB - On the basis of widespread phylogenetic conservatism, it has been proposed that serologically-defined H-Y antigen is the inducer of primary sex differentiation in mammals, causing the initially indifferent gonad to become a testis rather than an ovary. The proposal has withstood extensive testing in a variety of biological circumstances: XX males have testes and are H-Y+ and fertile XY females lack testicular tissue and are H-Y-; soluble H-Y antigen induces testicular organogenesis in XX indifferent gonads of the fetal calf in culture; H Y antibody blocks tubular reaggregation of dispersed XY testicular cells, causing them to organize follicular clusters. There is a gonadal receptor for H-Y antigen: fetal ovarian cells that have been exposed to soluble H-Y (released for example by testicular Sertoli cells) take up the molecule and acquire the H-Y+ phenotype; they absorb H-Y antibody in serological tests. Specific uptake of soluble H-Y does not occur in the extra-gonadal tissues. It may be inferred that H-Y antigen is disseminated during embryogenesis and bound by specific receptors in cells of the primordial gonad, and that reaction of H-Y and its receptor signals a program of testicular differentiation, regardless of karyotype. The several anomalies of primary sexual differentiation manifest in such conditions as the XX male, the XX true hermaphrodite, and the XY female can thus reasonably be viewed as specific errors of synthesis, dissemination, and binding of H-Y antigen. H-Y is secreted by 'Daudi' cells, cultured from a human XY Burkitt lymphoma. The Daudi-secreted moiety is a single hydrophobic protein of 18,000 molecular weight. Early attempts to characterize H-Y secreted by testicular Sertoli cells have yielded two molecules, one of 16,500 MW (corresponding to the Daudi-secreted 18,000 MW protein), and one of 31,000 MW. It remains to be ascertained whether both are in fact H-Y antigens, and if so, whether one is a polymer of the other, or whether each represents the product of genes with discrete testis-determining functions. PMID- 7010119 TI - Modification of 50S ribosomal subunits with N-bromosuccinimide. AB - The 50S subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes were modified with the tryptophan reagent N-bromosuccinimide, and the sulfhydryl groups, the modification of which is accompanied by stimulation of polypeptide synthesis (Lopez-Rivas, A. et al. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 92, 121), were regenerated by incubation with simple thiols. This treatment inactivates poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis, peptidyl transferase and elongation factor G-dependent GTPase. Incubation with proteins from untreated 70S ribosomes produces partial reactivation of polyphenylalanine synthesis and GTPase activity. Modification is accompanied by loss of 4-5 tryptophan residues per subunit. PMID- 7010116 TI - Cellular nucleotide measurements and applications in microbial ecology. PMID- 7010121 TI - Theodor Billroth: the life of a surgeon in the spirit of music. PMID- 7010122 TI - Clinical study of netilmicin therapy of hospitalized patients with gram-negative infections. PMID- 7010123 TI - The groin flap: report of a case of complications in the donor site. PMID- 7010124 TI - Drug-disease interactions: a review of the literature. PMID- 7010126 TI - Stability of S9 during frozen storage in Salmonella/S9 assays. PMID- 7010125 TI - Mutagenic activation of dibromomethane and diiodomethane by mammalian microsomes and glutathione S-transferases. AB - The influence of mammalian metabolizing enzymes on the mutagenic activity of dibromomethane and diiodomethane was investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 as indicator. The 2 compounds are known to be metabolized via an oxidative pathway catalysed by microsomal enzymes as well as through direct enzymatic conjugation with glutathione; both pathways possibly give rise to reactive electrophilic intermediates. In mutagenicity plate assays with pre incubation, dibromo- and diiodo-methane were directly mutagenic towards strain TA100; their mutagenic activity was enhanced upon incubation either with rat liver microsomes or with the cytosol fraction of the same organ, containing the glutathione S-transferases. These data can be taken as an indication that both microsomal oxidation and conjugation to glutathione are indeed responsible for the mammalian mutagenic activation of dihalomethanes. PMID- 7010127 TI - Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chromium. AB - Occupational exposure represents the main source of human contamination by chromium. For non-occupationally exposed people the major environmental exposure to chromium occurs as a consequence of its presence in food. Chromium must be considered as an essential element. Its deficiency impairs glucose metabolism. Trivalent chromium salts are poorly absorbed through the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts because they do not cross membranes easily. Hexavalent chromium can be absorbed by the oral and pulmonary routes and probably also through the skin. After its absorption, hexavalent chromium is rapidly reduced to the trivalent form which is probably the only form to be found in biological material. Epidemiological studies have shown that some chromium salts (mainly the slightly soluble hexavalent salts) are carcinogens. Lung cancers have, indeed, often been reported among workers in chromate-producing industry and, to a lesser extent, in workers from the chrome-pigment industry. The first attempts to produce cancers in experimental animals by inhalation or parenteral introduction gave negative or equivocal results but, from 1960, positive results have been obtained with various chromium compounds. As for the carcinogenic activity, the mutagenicity of chromium has mainly been found with hexavalent salts. In the majority of assay systems used, trivalent chromium appears inactive. It can be considered as evident, however, that the ultimate mutagen which binds to the genetic material is the trivalent form produced intracellularly from hexavalent chromium, the apparent lack of activity of the trivalent form being due to its poor cellular uptake. PMID- 7010128 TI - Mutagenic effects of organic compounds in drinking water. PMID- 7010129 TI - Genotoxic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. PMID- 7010130 TI - Co-mutagenic effect of norharman with N-nitrosamine derivatives. AB - The mutagenicities of 14 nitrosamine compounds were tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence of the co-mutagen norharman. N Nitrosophenyl compounds, such as N,N-diphenylnitrosamine, N-methyl-N phenylnitrosamine, N-ethyl-N-phenylnitrosamine and N-phenyl-N-benzylnitrosamine, were mutagenic when norharman was added to the incubation mixture, but not mutagenic in its absence. Norharman did not enhance the mutagenic activities of N nitrosoaliphatic compounds. PMID- 7010131 TI - The effects of lexA101, recB21, recF143 and uvrD3 mutations on liquid-holding recovery in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli K12 recA56. AB - Using an Escherichia coli K12 recA strain, we have tested the effects of incorporating additional mutations affecting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair on ultraviolet-radiation sensitivity and on the expression of liquid-holding recovery (LHR). (This laboratory had previously shown that a mutation at uvrA, uvrB or uvrC blocked LHR in a recA strain.) In the recA56 background, an additional lexA101 mutation had no effect on UV-radiation sensitivity or LHR. The addition of a recB21 mutation to recA56 did not alter UV-radiation sensitivity, but greatly increased the rate of LHR. The recB gene product (exonuclease V) appears to act as a competitive inhibitor both of excision repair and of photoreactivation under liquid-holding (LH) conditions. The uvrD3 mutation increased the radiation sensitivity of a recA strain, and almost completely blocked LHR. The recA uvrD strain showed more DNA degradation and DNA double strand breaks during LH than did the recA strain. The recF143 mutation increased both UV-radiation sensitivity and LHR in a recA strain, suggesting that the recF gene product may also function in recA-independent pathways of DNA repair. PMID- 7010132 TI - Extreme chemical mutagen sensitivity of respiratory adaptation in yeast. AB - The respiratory adaptation process (i.e. essentially mitochondrial biogenesis) in the cells of both wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and strains sensitive to ultraviolet radiation (UV) undergoing transition from the anaerobic to the aerobic state (1-2 h aeration) could be arrested by a prior incubation for 15--30 min with several chemical mutagens and other DNA-acting chemicals at very low concentrations (10-7 to 10-6 M added to cells suspended at the density of 10(7) cells/ml). At the same concentrations, these chemicals also inhibited DNA and RNA biosynthesis in maturing mitochondria during respiratory adaptation. This provides suggestive evidence for the view that the inhibitory effect of the chemical mutagens on respiratory adaptation could be due to lesions introduced into the DNA of promitochondria in the anaerobic cells. The system of respiratory adaptation in S. cerevisiae cells could serve as a rapid test for ascertaining the potentiality of a chemical to affect cellular DNA and probably, in turn, its potentiality to be mutagenic. PMID- 7010133 TI - Resistance to radiation, recombination repair of DNA and chromosome organisation. PMID- 7010134 TI - Frameshift mutagenesis by ultraviolet light effects of broth and caffeine in the post-irradiation plating medium. AB - Ultraviolet-induced back mutation yields were studied in the frameshift strain of Salmonella typhimurium, LT2 hisC3076. The numbers and frequencies per 10(8) survivors of small and large revertant colonies were found to be affected significantly by plating density, but it was possible to detect a considerable enhancement of mutation frequency when broth (2.5%, v/v) was present in the post irradiation plating medium. Caffeine also significantly enhanced the yields of UV induced frameshift mutations, but not of gamma-induced frameshifts, indicating that the UV-induced pre-mutational lesions which lead to frameshift mutations may be treated in a similar way by the excision-repair system to those which lead to base-pair substitutions. PMID- 7010135 TI - Induction of petite "mutants" in an ethidium-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by photoaffinity labeling. Distinction between early and late steps. AB - A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MH41-7B/011) was resistant to petite induction by ethidium bromide at 30 degrees, but was sensitive to induction by photolabeling with ethidium monoazide. These results suggested a defect in the mutant in metabolic activation of ethidium to account for its resistance. Synchronized cultures of both the mutant and the normal parent strains showed a substantial reduction in petite response to photolabeling in stationary phase cells which could not be accounted for by changes in cell penetration of the drug. The use of photolabeling with normal and mutant cells suggested that petite induction can be divided into early and late steps. PMID- 7010136 TI - Effects of L-cysteine and O-acetyl-L-serine in the synthesis and mutagenicity of azide metabolite. AB - The ability of L-cysteine to inhibit azide-metabolite synthesis and mutagenicity is investigated in Salmonella typhimurium TA1530 and cys E6 strains. L-cysteine specifically inhibits the synthesis of the mutagenic azide metabolite as other compounds containing SH group did not affect the production of this metabolite. Azide mutagenicity is completely inhibited by L-cysteine at a concentration (5 mumoles/plate) where the metabolite mutagenicity was not affected. O-Acetyl-L serine can reverse the L-cysteine mediated inhibition of the metabolite synthesis and thus mutagenicity in the same strains. These results suggest that O-acetyl-L serine may be required to synthesize the azide metabolite or its precursor. PMID- 7010137 TI - Mutagenic interactions between near-ultraviolet (365 nm) radiation and alkylating agents in Escherichia coli. AB - The mutagenic interaction between near-ultraviolet (365 nm) radiation and the alkylating agents ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) was studied in a repair-competent and an excision-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. Near-UV radiation modified the metabolic response of exposure to these chemicals and either reduced or increased their mutagenic efficiency. Based on these results, an experimental model was formulated to explain the mutagenic interactions that occur between near-UV and various agents that induce prototrophic revertants via error-prone repair of DNA. According to this model, low doses of near-UV provoke conditions for mutation frequency decline (MFD) and lead to a mutagenic antagonism. With increasing near-UV doses, damage to constitutive error-free repair systems increases, favouring the error-prone system and inhibiting the MFD. Under these conditions there will be a progressive decrease in antagonism until at high doses an enhancement of mutation frequency (positive interaction) will occur. PMID- 7010138 TI - Mutation induction in Haemophilus influenzae by ICR-191. I. Development of a detection system for frameshift mutations. AB - The investigation of mutagenic mechanisms in Haemophilus influenzae has been confined until now to mutagens that normally produce mainly base pair substitutions. This paper describes the development of a system suitable for detecting frameshift mutations induced by ICR-191. The system involves reversions from thymidine dependence to thymidine independence. Evidence is presented from a comparison of the responses to ICR-191 and to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine that the system is specific for frameshift mutations. The genetic recombination involved in transformation leads to a marked increase in "spontaneous" reversion of the frameshift mutations but not of the base substitution mutations. Presumably, this is a consequence of mispairing, with consequent change in the number of bases, during the recombination. PMID- 7010139 TI - The effect of substituted phenothiazines on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene. AB - The effect of phenothiazine and 11 of its derivatives on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, as measured by the Ames test was investigated. Significant anti mutagenic activity was detected for 10 phenothiazine derivatives, with the 2 chloro derivative being the most effective inhibitor tested and promazine the only phenothiazine drug tested which has no demonstrable inhibitory activity. It is considered that the anti-mutagenic activity and therefore potentially anticarcinogenic activity of these derivatives should be of interest to epidemiologists. PMID- 7010140 TI - Growth-mediated metabolic activation of promutagens in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - 7 procarcinogens belonging to different chemical classes (nitrosamines, hydrazoalkanes, oxazaphosphorines and aromatic amines) were tested in A. nidulans for the induction of point mutations with two genetic systems (8-AG resistance and induction of methionine suppressors). Dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, nitrosomorpholine, dimethylhydrazine, procarbazine and cyclophosphamide gave positive results with a good dose--effect relationship in the growth-mediated assay, whereas they gave negative or borderline positive results in the plate incorporation assay. 2-Aminoanthracene was completely negative with both experimental procedures. DMN, DEN and NM were also tested for their ability to induce somatic segregation: all were positive when assayed in the growth-mediated assay. PMID- 7010141 TI - Mutagens in feces from vegetarians and non-vegetarians. AB - Mutagens in water extracts from feces of persons in 3 different diet groups were measured with the fluctuation test for weak mutagens using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 as tester strains. The 3 diet groups were ovo-lacto vegetarians (N = 6), strict vegetarians (N = 11) and non-vegetarians (N = 12). All subjects were from the urban area of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. On TA100 ovo-lacto vegetarians and strict vegetarians had significantly lower levels of fecal mutagens than non-vegetarians (P less than or equal to 0.025 and P less than 0.010, resp.). The same pattern, although less significant, was obtained with TA98. Correlation studies between mutagenicity on TA100 and TA98 and between the pH of the fecal homogenate and mutagenicity indicate the presence of 2 or more major fecal mutagens. PMID- 7010142 TI - Modeling the Ames test. AB - Despite the value and widespread use of the Ames test, little attention has been focused on standardizing quantitative methods of analyzing these data. In this paper, a realistic and statistically tractable model is developed for the evaluation of Ames-type data. The model assumes revertant colony formation at any dose follows a Poisson process, while the mean number of revertants per plate is a nonlinear function of up to 4 parameters. An exponential decay term can be included in the model to adjust for toxicity. The resultant system of nonlinear equations is solved using a modified Gauss-Newton iterative scheme to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. Significance of the key parameters is tested by fitting reduced models and using likelihood ratio tests. The model's performance is demonstrated on data from organic extracts of various environmental contaminants. Among the advantages of the proposed model are (1) no data is discarded in the parameter estimation process, (2) no arbitrary constants need to be added to zero counts or doses, and (3) no mathematical transformation of the data is required. PMID- 7010143 TI - Analytical and biological analyses of test materials from the synthetic fuel technologies. III. Use of sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography technique for the bioassay of crude synthetic fuels. AB - To determine the health effects associated with newly emerging energy technologies, we have subjected a group of synthetic fuels to mutagenicity evaluation, using the Ames Salmonella assay. Coupling of chemical fractionation to the mutagenicity assays was necessary. Fractions obtained by use of Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography on crude-coal-derived oils and shale oil were tested for mutagenicity with strain TA98 (with Aroclor S9 mix). Mutagenicity results obtained with synthetic fuels were compared with those from a mixture of natural petroleum crude oils. Merits of the Sephadex LH-20 separation technique and precautions in interpreting experimental results are discussed. PMID- 7010144 TI - Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium of some angelicin derivatives proposed as new monofunctional agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis. AB - A series of angelicin derivatives were tested for their mutagenic activity with and without near-ultraviolet irradiation (NUV) in Salmonella typhimurium strains. After irradiation with NUV, the tested compounds induced different numbers of revertants in strain TA100, indicating that the mutational events involved are base substitutions. In the dark, 3 chemicals behaved as frame-shift mutagens causing reversion in strain TA98. PMID- 7010145 TI - Lethal and mutagenic effects of malondialdehyde, a decomposition product of peroxidized lipids, on Escherichia coli with different DNA-repair capacities. PMID- 7010146 TI - Mutagens from the cooking of food. I. Improved extraction and characterization of mutagenic fractions from cooked ground beef. AB - Ground beef was fried at 200 degrees C (392 degrees F) to a well-done, non charred state, and the extracted organic base fraction was found to be highly mutagenic in Salmonella strain TA1538 (6300 revertants/100 g equivalent, gE, fresh weight). The neutral and acidic extracts showed no mutagenic activity in any of the 5 standard strains of Salmonella. A new procedure based upon extraction and protein precipitation with acetone is described, which is simpler and more efficient than previously described methods. The organic base fraction was mutagenic only in Salmonella strains TA1537, TA1538, and TA98, all sensitive to frameshift mutations. Strains sensitive to base-substitution mutations showed no activity. Metabolic activation was an absolute requirement for mutagenesis; however cell toxicity was decreased by the presence of S9 activation mixture. After normal cooking, more than 20 times as much mutagenic material remained in the meat as was recovered in the pan grease and vapors. The results confirm that mutagens are formed under conventional frying conditions, and show that mutagen can be isolated by an improved extraction method. PMID- 7010147 TI - Mutagenicity of methyl benzimidazole-2-yl carbamate (MBC) towards Aspergillus nidulans (EIDAM) Winter and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arth. AB - The ability of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) to induce point mutations to carboxin and MBC resistance was tested in Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arth. A sub-lethal concentration (E.D.50) of MBC, when incorporated into a complete agar medium, induced MBC resistance in germinating conidia of A. nidulans and carboxin resistance in germinating conidia of C. cucumerinum. The significance of these findings in relation to fungicide resistance in the fields is discussed. PMID- 7010148 TI - The pH dependence of the mutagenicity of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) towards Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arth. AB - The ability of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) to induce point mutations to carboxin and MBC resistance in Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arth. was dependent upon the pH value of the agar medium into which it had been incorporated. The relevance of this in relation to testing chemicals for a possible mutagenic activity with microorganisms is discussed. PMID- 7010149 TI - Effect of recA and polA mutations on gene duplication in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7010150 TI - The comparative response of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1538, TA98 and TA100 to various hair-dye components. PMID- 7010151 TI - Crotonaldehyde is mutagenic in a modified Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity testing system. PMID- 7010152 TI - Enhanced sensitivity of the fluctuations assay using a modified incubation procedure. PMID- 7010153 TI - Duration of S9 activity in agar overlay. PMID- 7010154 TI - Rapid transfection assay for screening mutagens and carcinogens. PMID- 7010155 TI - Ineffectiveness of allopurinol in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7010156 TI - The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased use. AB - Skeletal muscle undergoes profound changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical character when subjected to prolonged periods of increased use. Although increased use may be brought about in a variety of ways, the results show consistent features. In particular, endurance exercise and chronic stimulation differ only in degree: the properties which change in response to exercise are also those which change at an early stage of stimulation; the properties which are resistant to change under exercise conditions change only after prolonged stimulation. There is therefore a hierarchy of stability in the properties of skeletal muscle which is revealed in its response to changing functional demands. The adaptive potential of muscle provides a logical framework for understanding neural influences on the emergence of fiber types during muscle development. It is also relevant to the study of pathological conditions which may involve a sustained departure from normal postural and locomotor patterns of activity. PMID- 7010157 TI - Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. AB - A multicenter double-blind randomized study was carried out to compare the effect of timolol (10 mg twice daily) with that of placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. Treatment was started seven to 28 days after infarction in 1884 patients (945 taking timolol, and 939 placebo), who represented 52 per cent of those evaluated for entry; the patients were followed for 12 to 33 months (mean, 17). There were 152 deaths in the placebo group and 98 in the timolol group. When deaths that occurred during treatment or within 28 days of withdrawal were considered, the cumulated sudden-death rate over 33 months was 13.9 per cent in the placebo group and 7.7 per cent in the timolol group--a reduction of 44.6 per cent (P = 0.0001). The cumulated reinfarction rate was 20.1 per cent in the placebo group and 14.4 per cent in the timolol group (P = 0.0006). We conclude that long-term treatment with timolol in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction reduces mortality and the rate of reinfarction. PMID- 7010158 TI - Beta-adrenergic blockade after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7010159 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis perinephric abscess in a transplanted kidney. PMID- 7010160 TI - Immunoenzymatical staining for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 7010161 TI - A comparison of androgens for anemia in patients on hemodialysis. AB - To compare the erythropoietic effects of nandrolone decanoate, testosterone enanthate, oxymetholone, and fluoxymesterone, we performed a randomized clinical trial in patients with anemia who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis (the women were not given testosterone enanthate). After a control period of at least two months, patients received one of the drugs for six months and then returned to control status; a second and third drug were administered in a similar fashion. Seventy-seven patients completed the first drug period, 56 the second, and 35 the third. The response to nandrolone and testosterone enanthate, the two drugs given by injection, was clearly superior to the response to oxymetholone or fluoxymesterone, given by mouth, in terms of the percentage of patients responding and the mean rise in hematocrit. Approximately half the patients had an increase of at least 5 percentage points in hematocrit after an injectable androgen was given; more than half the women responded. Patients who required transfusions regularly and those who had bilateral nephrectomies did not respond. PMID- 7010162 TI - Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 7010163 TI - Control of blood sugar in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7010164 TI - Routine early endoscopy in upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial. AB - To determine whether routine early endoscopy is beneficial to patients with upper gastrointestinal-tract bleeding that ceases during hospitalization, we randomly assigned 206 patients to routine endoscopy (100 patients) or no routine endoscopy (106). Patients in the latter group underwent endoscopy only if recurrent bleeding occurred during hospitalization or if x-ray films disclosed gastric ulcer or suggested neoplasia. All patients were initially treated with an empiric antacid regimen. When the two groups were compared (experimental versus control), there were no significant differences in overall hospital deaths (11 versus eight), recurrence of bleeding (33 versus 32), number of transfusions required to treat recurrent bleeding (mean +/- S.E.M., 7.4 +/- 1.2 versus 6.3 +/- 0.7 units), deaths after recurrent bleeding (eight versus five), or duration of hospital stay. During the 12 months after discharge, there were also no significant differences in frequency of readmission to the hospital, incidence of further gastrointestinal bleeding, number of hemorrhage-related deaths, or frequency of gastrointestinal surgery. We conclude that endoscopy should not be a routine procedure in patients with upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding that ceases during treatment. PMID- 7010165 TI - The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. AB - We investigated the relation between changes in the renin-aldosterone axis and reduction in blood pressure in 25 obese patients placed on a 12-week reducing diet; sodium intake was either medium (120 mmol) or low (40 mmol). Plasma renin activity (PRA) declined with weight loss, so that by 12 weeks there was a significant decrease in PRA (P less than 0.01) as well as plasma aldosterone (P less than 0.05), regardless of sodium intake. Weight loss with low sodium intake was equal to that with medium intake. The reduction in PRA but not in aldosterone correlated with weight loss in both sodium-intake groups (r = 0.58). Mean arterial pressure fell significantly and equally in both groups, correlating with weight loss throughout the study (r = 0.56) and with PRA from the fourth through 12th weeks (r = 0.48) These results demonstrate that weight loss is accompanied by reductions in PRA and aldosterone; PRA reductions, irrespective of sodium intake, may contribute to the decline in blood pressure. PMID- 7010166 TI - Hemodialysis using prostacyclin instead of heparin as the sole antithrombotic agent. AB - Anticoagulation during hemodialysis is necessary to prevent clotting of the blood on contact with the dialysis membrane. Heparin is the usual anticoagulant used, but systemic anticoagulation may persist for hours, and hemorrhage is common. We successfully used an infusion of prostacyclin, which has an in vitro half-life of three to five minutes, as the sole anticoagulant in 10 patients on long-term hemodialysis and in one patient undergoing dialysis for acute renal failure (this patient bled severely on three occasions when heparin was used). Prostacyclin was infused intravenously for 10 minutes before dialysis and into the arterial line of the dialyzer during dialysis. We adjusted the rate of infusion into the dialyzer to prevent prostacyclin-induced hypotension. Each patient completed 240 minutes of dialysis and received a total of 423 +/- 91 ng of prostacyclin per kilogram of body weight (mean +/- S.E.M.; range, 56 to 780). Prostacyclin caused no clinically important changes in the intrinsic clotting system, and there were no hemorrhages or clotting of the coil. We conclude that prostacyclin can safely replace heparin as the sole antithrombotic agent during hemodialysis and may be more advantageous if anticoagulation is contraindicated. PMID- 7010167 TI - Treatment of the acute urethral syndrome. PMID- 7010169 TI - Clinical electrophysiology of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7010168 TI - To scope or not to scope. PMID- 7010170 TI - Humoral heartache -- do platelets have a role? PMID- 7010171 TI - DES versus tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7010172 TI - Why are doctors afield? PMID- 7010173 TI - Thromboxane A2 in vasotonic angina pectoris: evidence from direct measurements and inhibitor trials. AB - Thromboxane A2 (TxA2), an arachidonic acid metabolite causing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation, is a putative mediator of coronary-artery vasospasm. To determine whether platelet-released TxA2 causes coronary arterial vasospasm, we measured plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2, the inactive hydration product of TxA2) in the radial-artery and coronary-sinus blood of seven patients and performed therapeutic trials of antiplatelet agents in nine. Although coronary-sinus TxB2 levels rose from the base line approximately fivefold with spontaneous ischemia, samples drawn early in ischemia showed no rise over base-line values. Although a 150 mg dose of aspirin reduced urinary dinor-TxB2 levels by over 75 per cent, it had no effect on the course of the chronic recurrent form of angina pectoris due to vasospasm ("vasotonic angina"). Similarly, indomethacin had no effect on the frequency or duration of ischemia. TxA2 is unlikely to cause vasotonic angina, but it may be released during coronary vasospasm. PMID- 7010174 TI - Association of in vitro Escherichia coli adherence to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells with susceptibility of women to recurrent urinary-tract infections. AB - To identify changes in epithelial cells that were associated with susceptibility to recurrent urinary-tract infections, we investigated the adherence of Escherichia coli to vaginal and buccal cells obtained from 11 healthy controls and 24 patients who had had at least three such infections in the preceding year. Adherence to vaginal cells was greater in patients than in controls (10.1 +/- 0.92 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.47 bacteria per cell [mean +/- S.E.], P less than 0.001), as was adherence to buccal cells (11.7 +/- 1.29 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.49, P = 0.002). This increased adherence in patients persisted despite temporary remission of the infection. Vaginal cells from patients not receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis had greater adherence than cells from patients given prophylactic therapy (11.7 +/- 1.34 vs. 8.3 +/- 1.0; P = 0.027). The range and rapidity of change in adherence as well as in vivo colonization of the vaginal mucosa were greater in patients than controls. Our data suggest that susceptibility to urinary-tract infections in women is associated with changes in the adhesive characteristics of epithelial cells. PMID- 7010175 TI - Notes on American medical history: a follow-up study of the New Haven morphine maintenance clinic of 1920. AB - From 1918 to 1920, the police department of New Haven, Connecticut, operated a maintenance clinic for morphine addicts. The clinic registered 91 patrons by September 1920, when the facility was closed because of a change in federal narcotics-regulation policies. Death certificates recovered for 40 of the 91 registrants (44 per cent) show that the patrons mean age of death was 55.9 years. Although this age is 13 years younger than the mean age of death of the general population, it is comparable to the death rates for lower socioeconomic groups. The causes of death of the 40 patrons were rarely related to drugs; however, like nonaddicted persons in lower socioeconomic groups, the patrons faced higher risks of alcoholism, infectious diseases, suicide, and accidents. Thus, although many in the group appear to have freed themselves from drug addiction, they continued to face other hazards predisposing them to premature mortality. PMID- 7010176 TI - Diabetes mellitus caused by insulin-receptor blockade and impaired sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 7010177 TI - Rise of plasma aldosterone during long-term captopril treatment. PMID- 7010178 TI - . . . (poison control centers). PMID- 7010179 TI - Experimental evaluation of antitumor drugs in the USA and USSR and clinical correlations. PMID- 7010180 TI - Homology and concerted evolution at the alpha 1 and alpha 2 loci of human alpha globin. AB - The identical structure of two racially distinct alpha 1-globin alleles and the high degree of homology between the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin loci indicate that mechanisms exist for suppression of allelic polymorphisms and for exchange of genetic information within the alpha-globin gene complex. PMID- 7010181 TI - Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? AB - Human cancer risks are inversely correlated with (a) blood retinol and (b) dietary beta-carotene. Although retinol in the blood might well be truly protective, this would be of little immediate value without discovery of the important external determinants of blood retinol which (in developed countries) do not include dietary retinol or beta-carotene. If dietary beta-carotene is truly protective--which could be tested by controlled trials--there are a number of theoretical mechanisms whereby it might act, some of which do not directly involve its 'provitamin A' activity. PMID- 7010182 TI - Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/PR/8/34. AB - The complete structure of the neuraminidase gene in influenza A/PR/8/34 has been determined by cloning into the bacteriophage M13 and sequencing with dideoxynucleotide chain terminators. The gene is 1,413 nucleotides long, codes for a protein of 454 amino acids and has five potential glycosylation sites. We suggest that the neuraminidase, unlike the influenza haemagglutinin, is oriented with its N-terminus buried in the viral membrane. PMID- 7010183 TI - A plasmid DNA primase active in discontinuous bacterial DNA replication. AB - A DNA primase encoded by an IncI alpha plasmid promotes efficient DNA replication in a primase-defective mutant of Escherichia coli. This finding implies that the plasmid enzyme can prime discontinuous DNA synthesis of the bacterial chromosome. The plasmid gene encodes two large, antigenically related proteins which differ from E. coli primase. PMID- 7010184 TI - The E. coli beta-lactamase attenuator mediates growth rate-dependent regulation. AB - We have identified a new control or attenuator region in the chromosomal beta lactamase operon of Escherichia coli. A single base alteration within its attenuator led to a loss in the cell's ability to coordinate its content of beta lactamase with growth rate. We suggest a mechanism through which this mode of regulation operates. PMID- 7010185 TI - [The homologous cancellous bone bank]. PMID- 7010186 TI - [Via hiccups to heart surgery]. PMID- 7010187 TI - [Bacteriological aspects of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7010188 TI - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria in childhood]. PMID- 7010189 TI - My specialty: otorhinolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 7010190 TI - [Fear in children of dental treatment]. PMID- 7010192 TI - [Fifty years of child psychiatry in Quebec. From the school of La Jemmerais to the Chair of child and juvenile psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010193 TI - [Quid of the IQ. Mental tests and psychometry in the psychopedagogical and socioprofessional (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010191 TI - Serotonergic stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical function in rats. PMID- 7010194 TI - [Using the Revue de Neuropsychiatrie infantile to trace the history of psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010195 TI - Double compartment hydrocephalus--a new clinical entity. AB - We are reporting eight patients who demonstrated double compartment hydrocephalus, i.e., supratentorial and infratentorial hydrocephalus in clinical sequence and separately. One infant with veil occlusion of the aqueduct was operated on to remove the veil and then later demonstrated panhydrocephalus. Six patients had been treated months to years earlier by the performance of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for aqueductal hydrocephalus and then developed characteristic cerebellar-brain stem deficits from 4th ventricle enlargement. The work-up included computed tomographic scan, air study, isotope cerebrospinal fluid flow study, and direct 4th ventricle pressure studies. Operation with removal of a veil occlusion of the upper 4th ventricle aqueduct produced immediate recovery in five of six patients. The conversion of aqueductal stenosis to veil occlusion is postulated as the mechanism of "primary" veil obstruction found in infants. This new clinical entity is more common than realized. We report one patient with compartmental 4th ventricular hydrocephalus. PMID- 7010196 TI - Plasma renin activity in patients after a subarachnoid hemorrhage--a possible predictor of outcome. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated in 23 patients during the 1st week after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and in a control group of 6 postlaminectomy patients. Patients with altered levels of consciousness and neurological deficits had significantly higher levels of PRA than did patients who were alert and neurologically intact. The SAH patients were divided into three groups: (a) low renin (13 patients with a PRA of less than 1.77 pmol/ml/hour), (b) normal renin (2 patients with normal renin levels), and (c) high renin (8 patients with a PRA of greater than 2.5 pmol/ml/hour). Patients with high renin levels had a significantly higher incidence of morbidity and mortality than did those with low renin levels. There were also higher levels of urinary catecholamines in the high renin group of patients. The combination of altered consciousness, high levels of urinary catecholamines, particularly adrenaline; and a high PRA in the 1st week after a SAH indicates a poor prognosis. PMID- 7010197 TI - Modification of instrument for stereotactic evacuation of intracerebral hematoma: technical note. PMID- 7010198 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Switzerland. PMID- 7010199 TI - Fifteen-year review of the mortality of brain abscess. AB - Ninety consecutive cases of brain abscess admitted to this center between 1964 and 1978 have been reviewed. The overall mortality has fallen in three consecutive 5-year periods from 42 to 21 to 9.7%. A number of factors seem to be responsible for this. Early surgical intervention was associated with the reduction in mortality between the first and second 5-year periods. Recognition of the significance and extent of cerebral edema, confirmed since computed tomographic (CT) scans have been available, led to a greater use of steroids during the last 5-year period, but the number of patients thus treated was too small to permit an assessment of any effect on mortality. There is no evidence to suggest a change in the natural history of the disease, and surgical management has not altered significantly. Experience with CT scanning in this center in the diagnosis of brain abscess is limited. It is therefore not possible no assess whether any improvement in mortality may have arisen from the early and accurate diagnosis obtainable with this technique. Improvement in culture technique has been of major importance, leading to a better understanding of the bacteriology of brain abscesses. This has allowed a more rational antibiotic program to be instituted, in particular the use of agents active against obligate anaerobes. PMID- 7010200 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Italy. PMID- 7010201 TI - Stereotactic surgical system controlled by computed tomography. AB - The three-dimensional data obtained by computed tomographic (CT) scanning offer an advantage in using this imaging technique for stereotactic surgical procedures. This requires interfacing of CT image data with a stereotactic guide. In the performance of functional procedures where the surgical target must be identified from brain landmarks, such as the anterior and posterior commissures, an image reconstruction technique that presents in an image high spatial resolution structural information must be used. The description of a fully hardware- and software-interfaced CT-directed stereotactic surgical system is presented. The logic of operation and examples of images reconstructed with a high spatial resolution algorithm are illustrated. The experimentally determined measurement of an electrode tip localization with this system is within 1 pixel or +/- 0.5 mm in any direction. PMID- 7010202 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage associated with meningioma. AB - Intracranial hemorrhage developed in two patients with meningioma without other apparent risk factors predisposing to hemorrhage. Bleeding has been reported to be associated with meningiomas regardless of the sex or age of the patient or the location of histological nature of the tumor. It can occur acutely without antecedent symptoms, often masking the tumor. The mechanism of hemorrhage is not clear. The complication has not been emphasized in the neurological literature and, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 7010204 TI - Tethered spinal cord in adult siblings. PMID- 7010203 TI - Antifibrinolysis with tranexamic acid in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a consecutive controlled clinical trial. AB - A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to study the effect of tranexamic acid (AMCA, Cyklokapron; AB Kabi, Stockholm, Sweden) in the prevention of early rebleeding after the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. The incidence of vasospasm, hydrocephalus, cerebral ischemic and thromboembolic complications, morbidity, and mortality was also evaluated. The series comprises 59 patients, 30 treated with tranexamic acid and 29 controls. The treatment was stopped if there was rebleeding, operation, or discharge from the hospital. There were 6 recurrent hemorrhages in 6 patients in the tranexamic acid-treated group and 11 recurrences in 7 patients in the control group. Recurrent hemorrhages occurred later in tranexamic acid-treated patients than in controls. Five patients in each group died from rebleeding. Five additional treated patients and 2 controls died from cerebral ischemic dysfunction. The results suggest that tranexamic acid may protect patients with ruptured aneurysms from rebleeding for 1 or 2 weeks, but that it also may produce cerebral ischemic complications. PMID- 7010205 TI - Origin, growth, and rupture of saccular aneurysms: a review. AB - Pathological and hemodynamic concepts regarding the origin, growth, and rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms are reviewed. Aneurysms form as a result of an interplay between hemodynamic factors, such as axial stream impingement and the water hammer effect, and structural weaknesses at apices of arterial bifurcations, such as congenital and acquired medial defects, funnel-shaped dilatations, and areas of thinning. Hypertension and time aid the formation of aneurysms. Unknown factors in women and in some families also play a role. Enlargement of aneurysms results from an interplay between mechanical factors, such as self-excitation and resonance, that produce structural fatigue and pathological processes of repair of the aneurysmal wall. Rupture of aneurysms is caused by the same hemodynamic factors that effect growth and is also influenced by extramural pressure. Pathologically, a major rupture may be preceded by fibrinous and leukocytic infiltration of the wall, bleb formation, and a minor hemorrhage. Such minor leaks can be followed by healing and growth. Aneurysms that escape major hemorrhage or heal successfully after a hemorrhage can grow to giant proportions, but remain susceptible to rupture despite their size, unless they become completely thrombosed. Intramural thrombosis may be stimulated by minor leaks and is dependent upon the physical characteristics of aneurysms. Experimental, angiographic, and clinical studies that pertain to the origin, growth, and rupture of aneurysms are also reviewed. PMID- 7010206 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. PMID- 7010207 TI - Double-blind, triple-crossover trial of low doses of oral physostigmine in inherited ataxias. PMID- 7010208 TI - Antifibrinolytic therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm. AB - There are 25 published studies on the treatment with antifibrinolytic agents of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Twelve of these studies were uncontrolled and, except for one, all reported reduced incidence of rebleeding. Of 13 controlled studies, 9 were randomized, and 3 were also double-blind. In 7, reported decrease in rebleeding was reported, but only 4 showed decreased mortality. Three studies showed no effect, and three reported a higher incidence of rebleeding in treated patients. Discrepancies may be due to the multiple clinical variables of SAH and to flaws in methodology; nevertheless, the data fail to demonstrate that antifibrinolytic therapy alters the natural history of the disease. PMID- 7010209 TI - Biologic distinction between sporadic and familial Alzheimer disease by an in vitro cell fusion test. AB - In vitro cell-fusing activity of brain suspensions prepared from patients with Alzheimer disease occurred in 10 of 17 familial cases (59%), a level similar to that seen in transmissible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but in only 3 of 17 sporadic cases (17%), a level not statistically different from that in nonneurologic control patients. This biologic distinction between the familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer disease may be related to the previously reported transmission to primates of a CJD-like disease from two familial cases of Alzheimer disease. PMID- 7010210 TI - PLEDs in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7010211 TI - On the prevention of specimen charging in scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts by attaching conductive bridges. PMID- 7010212 TI - [Usefulness of multicenter evaluation of the reliability of a program for automatic analysis in clinical electrocardiography]. AB - The HP-5 program for computer analysis of the ECG has been evaluated as far as sensibility and specificity in a multicenter study. A consistent number of tracings were sampled according to a statistical formula and all measurements and statements given by the computer were checked in a standardized manner. The collected data were classified and computerized. The HP-5 program has shown a very high specificity for tracings classified as normal (0.7% of false negatives) and for those classified abnormal (no false positive), while the level of agreement between manual and computer readings of the tracings classified atypical or borderline, was fair (75%). It is concluded that the new program represents a significant step forward in the practical use of computerized ECG. PMID- 7010213 TI - [Comparative evaluations between on-line and off-line in automatic electrocardiographic diagnosis and readings of the cardiologist]. AB - The comparative evaluation of diagnosis, given on the same ECG by a cardiologist and by a computerized system HP 5600 C on line and off line, allowed us to specify for each diagnosis the agreement's degree between cardiologist and computerized reading and the disagreement's degree due to inadequate program and to "casual" errors of analysis. PMID- 7010214 TI - [Orthogonal ECG and a statistical system for computer diagnosis with ECG in chronic obstructive pneumopathy]. AB - In 92 patients affected from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C.O.P.) undergoing spirometric evaluation, the ability of the Pipberger computer program for electrocardiographic interpretation to predict the presence of pulmonary disease with or without right ventricular hipertrophy was compared with that of the manually measured conventional and orthogonal (Frank system) electrocardiogram. The patients were classified as having mild, moderate and severe C.O.P. on the basis of spirometric data. Each system predicted the presence of C.O.P. with low sensitivity. P voltage in D2 greater than or equal to 2 mm (27,1%) and R/S voltage ratio in V5-V6 greater than or equal to 1 (22,8%) were the single conventional criteria more frequently satisfied. Results for 3 lead manual readings were only slightly lower: recognition rate of the R/S voltage ration in x lead less than or equal to 1,3 was 15,7%. The Pipberger program probabilistic answers were divided in "completely" and "partially" correct. Combined completely or partially correct diagnoses were made by the program 14,3% of patients with mild C.O.P., 17,2% of moderate and 48,8% of severe C.O.P. These results suggests that the Pipberger program has at least similar ability to predict C.O.P. compared with the 12 lead and orthogonal manually measured electrocardiogram. PMID- 7010215 TI - [Computer analysis of the vectorcardiogram]. AB - A computer method analysing Frank VCG recorded on rest and on exertion, is presented. Electrical noises due to exercise are eliminated by averaging 8 complexes. The pattern-recognition of every wave is carried out by analysing a particular function obtained by translating the X, Y, Z leads on the line joining the T-P, P-Q, ST and subsequent T-P segment. The following parameters are evaluated: maximal and mean vector, linear, areolar and tangential (our original method) spatial velocity, half-area vector, area described by the spatial vector and oriented according to X, Y, Z polarity. PMID- 7010216 TI - [Surface recording technique of His bundle potential in man]. AB - A method is presented for the non-invasive recording of His bundle electrical activity from the body surface in man. Several bipolar ECG leads were employed: precordial, Frank "x" and Frank "z". Signals were filtered (30-300 Hz), highly amplified (5 x 104) and averaged. Digital averaging was performed on line by a microcomputer (OTE Biomedica Neuroaverager mod. 1172). Surface investigation was performed in 10 patients affected by different conduction pathology simultaneously with HBE recordings for diagnostic purpose and in 5 normal volunteers only incruently. Highly repeatable electrical deflections (B waves) were recorded in the PR segment. In all patients a good correspondence between surface (B wave) and intracardiac (H wave) was found. Atrial pacing and pharmacological test were used in order to ascertain the real source of B wave. PMID- 7010218 TI - [Plasma renin activity: urographic and angiographic study in nephrovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7010217 TI - [Automatic analysis of systolic time intervals using polygraphic examinations]. AB - For clinical purpose, poligraphyc signals are analyzed: systolic time intervals (STI) and all other significative magnitudes are measured. A system of modular programs (ATS), in Assembler and Fortran IV languages, digitalizes, filters and analyzes three simultaneous analogical signals: ECG, PCK and CP. ATS, adapted polynomial and gonyometrics leats-squares smoothings to the signals for leaving out spikes and drifts, employs algorhythms that, by a statistic knowledge of the thresholds of the fist derivative of each signal and of the globality of smoothed signals, converge to the measures of the required significative magnitudes. A statistic investigation (on 100 samples) showed that ATS is better than every manual analysis in terms of efficiency, speed and amount of information. In conclusion ATS program is suitable for clinical purposes. PMID- 7010219 TI - [The adventurous life of Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663-1727), surgeon and traveling physician]. PMID- 7010220 TI - [Serum levels of beta-methyldigoxin and contractile efficiency of the myocardium evaluated with systolic polygraphy and determination of cardiac output]. AB - 0.3 mg/day betamethyldigoxin was given per os in three daily administrations to 8 healthy subjects, and 8 compensated and 8 decompensated heart patients. Prior to the treatment, and 6 hr after the last administration, blood digoxin values were determined radio-immunologically, together with cardiac output, systolic stroke volume, cardiac index (dilution of indocyanine green), and systolic time intervals, by simultaneous recording of the ECG, carotid pulse, and the phonocardiogram. No significant change in output, stroke volume and cardiac index was noted in the healthy subjects, whereas these parameters were distinctly improved in the decompensated patients. Changes in the systolic intervals after treatment were significant in all cases though there was no significant correlation with the blood digoxin levels reached. In particular, the healthy and compensated subjects displayed a reduction in the corrected electromechanical systole (delta Q-S2), the corrected pre-ejection period (delta PEP), the corrected left ventricular ejection time (delta LVET), and their ratio (PEP/LVET), whereas in the decompensated patients the picture differed to the extent that the LVET increased owing to an augment-systolic stroke volume, the other parameters being reduced. In the healthy subjects, the polygraphic data were normal prior to the treatment, while in the compensated patients delta PEP and the PEP/LVET ratio were enhanced, and the delta LVET was less than in the normal subjects. It is felt that recording of the systolic intervals may be regarded as a sound method, owing to its simplicity and its ability to demonstrate latent cardiac failure before haemodynamic changes appear. Simultaneous determination of serum digoxin and the polygraphic data, therefore, opens the way to the commencement of appropriate, safe and timely management of as yet non-decompensated heart patients. PMID- 7010222 TI - [Reconstruction of the vagina in the Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome]. PMID- 7010221 TI - [Pevaryl in vaginal candidiasis. New dosage regimens]. PMID- 7010223 TI - NLN associate degree nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1980-81. PMID- 7010224 TI - [Hemocultures]. PMID- 7010225 TI - The teaching of nursing research--part II: a literature review of teaching strategies. PMID- 7010226 TI - Sodium intake and sodium sensitivity. PMID- 7010227 TI - Nutrition classics. The American Journal of Physiology. Volume 107, 1934, pages 146-156. "Zinc in the nutrition of the rat" by W.R. Todd, C.A. Elvehjem and E.B. Hart. PMID- 7010228 TI - Insulin and insulin receptors in the brain. PMID- 7010229 TI - William C. Rose lectureship in biochemistry and nutrition. Some new concepts emanating from a study of the metabolism and function of Vitamin D. PMID- 7010230 TI - Nutrition classics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Volume 68, 1971, pages 803-804. "Identification of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine" by M.F.Holick, H.K. Schnoes and H.F.Deluca. PMID- 7010231 TI - Starvation potentiates glucose uptake by insulin-treated muscle. PMID- 7010232 TI - Growth and maturation during adolescence. PMID- 7010233 TI - Nutritional requirements of adolescence. PMID- 7010234 TI - Food habits of adolescents. PMID- 7010235 TI - Nutritional problems in adolescence--obesity. PMID- 7010236 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7010237 TI - Professional materials: what's available? Where? And how much? PMID- 7010238 TI - Bacterial infections. Rapid methods for detection in clinical specimens. PMID- 7010239 TI - Prenatal experience in Hindu mythology. PMID- 7010240 TI - Impressions of Sechnin. Anatomy by slaughter. PMID- 7010241 TI - Bloodletting over the centuries. PMID- 7010242 TI - WHO clofibrate trial. PMID- 7010243 TI - The use of epsilon aminocaproic acid as an adjunct to replacement therapy in hemophiliacs undergoing tooth extraction. (Part I). PMID- 7010244 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 7010245 TI - Epidemiology: some early lessons. PMID- 7010246 TI - Mutagenicity studies with urine concentrates from coke plant workers. AB - Urine from coke plant workers, collected before and after work, were tested for the content of mutagenic substances in the Salmonella test system. Urine extracts from exposed smokers showed mutagenic activity, whereas urine from exposed nonsmokers did not. The mutagenicity of exposed smoker's urine was not significantly different from that of urine from nonexposed smokers. Mutagenicity of smokers' urine was only evident in the presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system. The addition of beta-glucuronidase did not enhance the mutagenic effect. The facts that coke plant workers are exposed to very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and that there is no observed enhanced mutagenicity of their urine indicate that the mutagenicity observed with urine from smokers is not due to conventional PAH. PMID- 7010247 TI - Mutagenic action of isocyanates used in the production of polyurethanes. AB - Isocyanates used in the production of polyurethanes were investigated for mutagenic action in Salmonella typhimurium. These investigations showed that the most commonly used isocyanates, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-methylene diphenylisocyanate (MDI), are mutagenic. This effect can be ascribed to the amine analogues formed during the hydrolysis of isocyanates: TDI is mutagenic in TA 1538 and TA 98 after metabolic activation. This finding agrees with the results obtained with the amine analogue 2,4-toluenediamine. MDI, like the amine analogue 4,4'-methylenedianiline, is mutagenic in TA 100 after metabolic activation by rat liver enzymes (S-9 mix). A prepolymerized polyisocyanate of the MDI type is also mutagenic in assays using TA 100 and S-9 mix. It is concluded that isocyanates are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic to man. In view of their widespread use in the work environment and in light of the high production figures for polyurethanes in industrialized countries, isocyanates must be considered to represent a serious health hazard. PMID- 7010249 TI - Third-party payers section: medicaid. PMID- 7010248 TI - An interview with RA Waltz. Interview by Karen S Edwards. PMID- 7010250 TI - [Aging processes and the eye]. PMID- 7010251 TI - [Experience with the extracapsular extraction of senile cataract using a microsurgical technic]. PMID- 7010252 TI - [Hydrotomy in eye microsurgery]. PMID- 7010253 TI - [Keratoplasty in the overall treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the cornea]. PMID- 7010254 TI - [Therapeutic keratoplasty in corneal mycoses]. PMID- 7010255 TI - [Surgical treatment of eyelid tumors growing into the orbit]. PMID- 7010256 TI - [Bound immunoglobulins of the rabbit cornea as an autoimmune reaction index after a partial penetrating autograft]. PMID- 7010257 TI - The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and methyl CCNU in advanced gastrointestinal malignancy. AB - 50 patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies were treated with 5 fluorouracil (5FU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU) and mitomycin C (Mito C). 43 patients, with diagnoses of colorectal, pancreatic or gastric cancer, were evaluable. 13 patients (30%) achieved complete remissions, and 4 achieved partial remissions. The median durations of responses in colorectal, pancreatic and gastric disease were 11.0, 11.0, and 11.5 months, respectively. Survival was definitely prolonged in responding patients with pancreatic and gastric carcinomas. The combination was well tolerated. Mucositis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were the major toxicities that occurred. The quality of life was improved in all responding patients. PMID- 7010258 TI - Levamisole and immunotherapy: some theoretic and practical considerations and their relevance to human disease. AB - The major features of levamisole immunotherapy are distilled from experiences gained so far. The biochemical effects of levamisole are discussed in view of its effects on T lymphocytes and phagocytes. Potential indications for levamisole treatment are classified after Jerry et al. as immune deficiencies or as immune dysregulation syndromes (such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer). After a scrutiny of investigations in cancer patients, the conclusion emerges that, in a subsection of patients, mainly those with poor prospects, levamisole improves the prognosis after effective chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery when given in time and in an appropriate dosage. PMID- 7010260 TI - The adjustable slide knot--an alternate technique. AB - A new method of typing an adjustable slide knot is presented. This knot retains the advantages of previously described slide knots and does not show undue slippage. This technique allows additional precision of wound closure in ophthalmic microsurgery. PMID- 7010259 TI - Corneal curvature changes associated with penetrating keratoplasty: a mathematical model. AB - A mathematical derivation of the effect of penetrating keratoplasty on corneal curvature was used to examine many variables in corneal surgery. The amount of wound disparity taken up by the recipient cornea was found to be the major factor in determining the amount of astigmatism induced by host wound/donor tissue size disparities. The amount of disparity showed as essentially linear relationship with the amount of astigmatism, approximately 0.4 diopters for each 0.1 mm of wound disparity for each 10% of the amount of the distortion taken up by the cornea (7.5 mm trephine). The smaller the trephine, the more distortion could be expected for each increment of wound disparity. Variations in the corneal curvature of the donor cornea had a minimal effect on the amount of keratoplasty induced astigmatism. PMID- 7010261 TI - [Adjustable-suture technique for the operation of strabismus (author's transl)]. AB - An adjustable-suture technique for the operation of strabismus is described. The indications of the procedure and its advantage are discussed. PMID- 7010262 TI - Effect of tiopronin on senile cataracts. A double-blind clinical study. AB - The therapeutic effect of tiopronin on incipient senile cataracts was evaluated in 150 cases (275 eyes) by a double-blind study using nonactive placebo. A more favorable tendency to visual acuity was noted in the tiopronin than in the placebo group. The slit-lamp microscopic findings showed a statistically significant difference between the tiopronin and the placebo groups. Integrated judgement revealed tiopronin to be significantly effective as compared with the placebo. A side effect of fever with systemic eruption was observed in 1 case in the tiopronin group but disappeared completely when administration of the drug was discontinued. PMID- 7010263 TI - Congratulatory address to Prof. Dr. Lucius Ruedi. PMID- 7010265 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis simulating acute appendicitis in a child]. PMID- 7010264 TI - [Preventive of suppurative complications in the treatment of open intra-articular fractures]. PMID- 7010266 TI - [The role of Streptococcus B in human diseases]. PMID- 7010268 TI - [Trials of treatment of perceptive deafness by implantation of electrodes into the cochlea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010267 TI - [Effect of local factors on healing of wound after complete laryngectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010269 TI - Biologic response to sutures. AB - Whenever a foreign object is implanted in living tissue, a cellular response occurs. Sutures usually produce a mild response that varies in character with different materials. The cellular and tissue reaction can be evaluated by both morphologic and enzyme histochemical approaches. Such studies assist in understanding suture absorption and the degree of inertness in tissues associated with the various suture materials. In addition, the in vivo measurement of breaking strength retention provides information on suture safety. Such studies also assist in the development of improved suture materials for various surgical applications. PMID- 7010270 TI - Acute epiglottitis in children. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type B (30 cases), untyped (two cases), and type A (one case), and H parainfluenzae (one case) were recovered in blood cultures from 44 cultures of 53 children with acute epiglottitis. These patients were managed by observation, tracheotomy, or intubation, with intubation being the most satisfactory. Both ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been employed recently because of the emergence of ampicillin resistance, which was 18.7% of all cases in 1977. PMID- 7010271 TI - A sequential test to assay A-B cellular function in controls and diabetic patients. PMID- 7010272 TI - [Neutrophil migration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The leukocyte mobilization "in vivo" was assayed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 normal subjects using the modified Senn's technique. The rate of leukocytes mobilization (LMR) is variable: in 5 cases lower than normal. No correlation is found with latex or Waaler-Rose titer, total complement in the serum, but the lowest rates of leukocyte mobilization are in previously treated patients. After 48 hours of indomethacin treatment, the LMR decreases significantly both in the patients and in the normal subjects. These results show that the abnormal "in vivo" LMR is more related to drug therapy than disease. PMID- 7010273 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of the biliary excretion of cefamandole (author's transl)]. AB - Using the isolated rabbit liver perfusion model, it could be shown that 11.1% of 10 mg of cefamandole added to the circulating blood were recovered in the 3 hours collected bile. The maximal biliary antibiotic activity averaged 214 +/- 37 microgram/ml. In humans a peak concentration of 19.0 +/- 6.1 microgram/ml could be measured in the aspirated duodenal fluid (n = 5) 1 hour after a single intravenous injection of 1 g of cefamandole. In 10 patients provided with a Kehr's drainage, a mean biliary peak of 141.4 +/- 86.4 microgram/ml was observed at the 2nd hour after administration of the same dose of cefamandole. Assays performed during cholecystectomy showed 1 after the intravenous injection of 1 g of cefamandole mean values of 64.0 +/- 18.0 microgram/ml in the gallbladder bile and 87.2 +/- 16.1 microgram/ml in the common duct bile. These data are compared with those obtained by administration of 11 other beta-lactamines under similar experimental and clinical conditions. PMID- 7010274 TI - [Measurement of intrathyroidal iodine content by X fluorescence: usefulness and application (author's transl)]. AB - X fluorescence quantification of thyroid gland iodine content was performed in 113 subjects. Euthyroid patients averaged 15.6 +/- 4.8 mg in the absence of goiter (18 subjects) and 23.7 +/- 11 mg when the gland was goitrous (11 subjects p less than 0.05). In Grave's disease (28 patients), thyroid iodine content increased significantly (21.7 +/- 11 mg, p less than 0.05. No correlation was found between this parameter and thyroid hormone blood level. During the treatment by carbimazole, patients can be divided in 2 groups; the first group with high initial iodine content (30.3 +/- 15.6 mg 9 patients) decreased it under treatment; on the contrary, the second group with normal initial iodine content (16.9 +/- 7.5 mg 10 patients) increased its iodine content under treatment. No significant difference in T3 and T4 serum levels was found between these two groups. In toxic goiter (6 patients) the initial iodine content was elevated (43.4 +/- 33 mg) and decreased under carbimazole in all the cases. 15 patients with solitary autonomous thyroid nodules were scanned with 99mTc and by X fluorescence imaging. The iodine content of the nodule was 9.9 +/- 4.7 mg; controlateral non suppressed tissue was observed in 11 patients while no 99mTc accumulation was found. The association of these 2 techniques allow to avoid a TSH stimulation test in 70% of the cases. In hypothyroid patients, a low iodine content was found in acquired disease (4.5 +/- 5.6 mg 9 patients); it was increased in congenital hypothyroid goiter. In iodine load (12 patients) the iodine content was increased especially after lymphography. In the initial phase of subacute thyroiditis (11 patients) X fluorescence showed 127I thyroid stores were still normal (14.3 +/- 11.6 mg) while there was no radioactive uptake. PMID- 7010275 TI - [Treatment of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits with acycloguanosine (author's transl)]. AB - The antiviral activity of a new antiherpetic compound called acycloguanosine was compared to the activity of 0.12 per cent idoxuridine against a superficial herpes simplex keratitis in the rabbit, using a multiple microinoculation technique. The results of the acycloguanosine group were better than the other group. No toxic side effects could be detected by slitlamp examination. PMID- 7010276 TI - [Classification and metabolic relationship of plasma apoproteins (author's transl)]. AB - The apoproteins are the constitutive peptides of the plasma lipoproteins. The most widely employed nomenclature is that based on the family concept of constitutive polypeptides. The apoproteins are synthetized in the liver and/or in the intestine. During the lipolysis, apoprotein transfers and/or exchanges are observed. The apoproteins play a major role in the structure of the macromolecular lipid-protein complexes, and in the activity of several enzymes involved in the lipoprotein catabolism. An expanding information on apoprotein metabolism will allow a better comprehension of the hyperlipidemia pathogenesis. PMID- 7010277 TI - [Frederick Sanger. Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the second time]. PMID- 7010278 TI - [Biochemistry of atherogenesis: effects of prostaglandins (author's transl)]. AB - Endothelial damage results in increased permeability to serum lipoproteins, adhesion of platelets which release a growth - stimulating protein for smooth muscle cells and a number of vasoactive substances, including thromboxanes. Smooth muscle cells migrate from media, proliferate and accumulate lipid. "Atherogenic" lipoproteins enhance arterial accumulation of cholesterol. After infiltration of serum lipoproteins, smooth muscle cells become into lipid - loaded foam cells which die. Cell necrosis produce the amorphous lipid deposits which form the nucleus of the atherosclerosis plaque. The accompanying proliferative and inflammatory response in the developing plaque is associated with increased prostaglandin synthesis. Calcification and ulceration appear. Thromboxane production leads to platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Antiplatelet and antiinflammatory drugs have beneficial effects by blocking aggregation, inhibiting the vasospasm associated with microthrombus formation and thromboxane release and modifying the inflammatory response by blocking prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in the developing plaque. PMID- 7010279 TI - [Automatic assay of circulating immune complexes induced by oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010280 TI - [Clonogenicity tests of human tumors: perspectives and problems]. PMID- 7010281 TI - [Current status of the question of the reticuloendothelial system]. PMID- 7010283 TI - Managing urinary-tract infections in children. PMID- 7010282 TI - [Role of biochemical idiosyncrasies in the body's response to traumatic shock]. PMID- 7010284 TI - Treatment of end-stage renal disease in children. PMID- 7010285 TI - Pediatric research: challenges to be met and promises to keep. PMID- 7010286 TI - Endocrine adaptation to malnutrition. PMID- 7010287 TI - The effects of angiotensin II, saralasin, and furosemide on inactive renin in the fetal lamb. AB - The effects of angiotensin II, saralasin, and furosemide on plasma prorenin (inactive renin, cryoactivated, and trypsin activated) were studied in the fetal lamb. Cryorenin and trypsin-activated renin decreased from 4.0 +/- 1.0 ng/ml/hr of plasma renin activity (PRA) and 7.3 +/- 1.0 to 0.05 +/- 0.01 and 1.7 +/- 1.0 (P less than 0.01), respectively, after 15 min of angiotensin II infusion; active renin did not statistically decrease. Cryoactivated and trypsin-activated renin increased from 2.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml/hr (mean +/- S.E.) and 4.9 +/- 0.9 of PRA to 4.6 +/- 1.0 and 8.5 +/0 1.5, respectively, after 30 min (P less than 0.05) of the saralsin (10 micrograms/kg/min) infusion, whereas active renin showed no change. Furosemide increased cryorenin and trypsin-activated renin in parallel to active renin from 2.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml/hr and a6.9 +/- 1.5 of PRA to 5.0 +/- 1.0 and 11.2 +/- 1.5 at 65 min, respectively (P less than 0.05). These data show that prorenin levels are high in the fetal lamb, angiotensin II can inhibit prorenin but not renin, and a negative feedback loop exists between angiotensin II and prorenin, but not renin. PMID- 7010288 TI - Endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates in the neonatal lamb. AB - Posthepatic insulin availability has been evaluated by steady-state insulin turnover studies with 131I-insulin. Spontaneously delivered term (age 3.3 +/- 0.8 days) (mean +/- S.E.) and prematurely delivered lambs (betamathasone treated at 132 days) (age, 1.1 +/- 0.2 days) were compared with 4- to 5-month-old sheep. After a 7-hr fast, animals received 0.45% saline or 5.7 mg/kg/min glucose (0.06 ml/kg/min) for 6-hr followed by the tracer insulin infusion for 110 min. Plasma glucose, insulin, and immunoprecipitable insulin were measured sequentially during the steady state. Endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates were derived. Neither endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion rates nor metabolic clearance rates were different among the three groups of animals when either 0.45% saline or 5.7 mg/kg/min exogenous glucose infusions were compared. Secretory response of the pancreatic beta cell to continuous glucose infusion seems similar for the term and preterm lamb when compared to adult sheep. PMID- 7010289 TI - Effect of indomethacin in a patient with Bartter's syndrome: evidence against a primary role of prostaglandin in this disorder. AB - It has been claimed that in patients with Bartter's syndrome, enhanced prostaglandin synthesis causes the blunted vasopressor response to angiotensin II. The present study was undertaken to test this hypothesis by administering indomethacin to a patient with Bartter's syndrome. In domethacin corrected the subnormal pressor response to angiotensin II and lowered plasma renin activity from 115 to 15 ng/ml/hr. This effect was associated with renal sodium retention and a 7% increase in body weight. In contrast, when indomethacin was given but the sodium retention prevented by concomitant administration of furosemide, the blunted vasopressor response to angiotensin II and the hyperreninemia were not corrected. It is concluded that the effectiveness of indomethacin to correct the hyperreninemia and the blunted vasopressor to angiotensin II in the preset patient was due in large part to the ability of the drug to correct sodium balance rather than by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7010290 TI - Functional leukocyte administration in protection against experimental neonatal infection. AB - Studies have shown that human neonates who develop group B streptococcal sepsis usually lack opsonic antibody (Ab) to their infecting strain and that these neonates may also have impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function. The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of administration of PMNs or opsonic Ab-containing serum in protecting against group B streptococcal infection in a newborn rat model. After intraperitoneal (IP) injection of congruent to 5 X 10(6) streptococci, animals received separate IP injections of saline, serum lacking opsonic antibody (Ab negative), Ab positive serum or washed adult human PMNs (2 X 10(6)). The mortality rate in 55 neonatal rats infected with group B streptococci who received saline or Ab negative serum was 91%. In contrast, 40 animals who received adult human PMNs at the time of inoculation had a survival rate of 50% (P less than 0.001). Human serum containing opsonic antibody also provided significant protection against mortality in this model (survival rate 51%, P less than 0.001). Leukocytes from normal term neonates, stressed neonates, or ones pretreated with cytochalasin B offered les protection than did functional adult human cell (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7010291 TI - Residual beta-cell function and islet cell antibodies in diabetic children. PMID- 7010292 TI - The American Pediatric Society membership list, 1980-81. PMID- 7010293 TI - [Role of the pulmonary circulation in the system of lung protective mechanisms and in the pathogenesis of pneumonias]. PMID- 7010294 TI - [Basis for using proteolytic enzymatic inhibitors in severe forms of intestinal infections in children]. PMID- 7010295 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7010296 TI - [The blood insulin/blood sugar ratio. Its diagnostic and therapeutic value in hypoglycemic children]. PMID- 7010297 TI - Effect of passive concentration as instructional set for training enhancement of EEG alpha. AB - The technique of passive concentration, employed by autogenic training and Transcendental Meditation for achieving relaxation, was tested here as a technique for enhancing EEG alpha. Of 30 subjects displaying between 15% and 74% alpha in their resting EEGs recruited, 10 had to be eliminated. The remaining 20 constituted two groups. One was instructed only to attempt to maintain a tone indicating alpha but given no information about technique (control group). The other was given additional instructions in passive concentration (experimental group). Both were given four 5-min. trials a day for 4 consecutive days. Heart rate and skin conductance were measured to monitor autonomic arousal. The group receiving instructions in passive concentration had significantly less alpha than the control group, which did not increase amount of alpha above baseline. The reduction of alpha in the experimental group was interpreted as resulting from beginning long training periods (20 min. per day), a practice advocated by Transcendental Meditation but discouraged by autogenic training. It was concluded that the relevance of passive concentration for alpha enhancement is doubtful. PMID- 7010298 TI - Mental retardation as a Facade Self phenomenon: construct validation. AB - Predictions from Wagner's Structural Analysis theory were tested to validate a theoretical explanation of the personality of mentally retarded adults. The Rorschach and Hand Test were administered to 44 medical students and 60 institutionalized mentally retarded adults. Results coincided with predictions based on Structural Analysis. Implications of these results for the diagnosis of mental retardation were discussed. The potential of a special Rorschach Facade Self Index for differential diagnosis of other forms of psychopathology was noted. PMID- 7010299 TI - The adrenal functional unit: a hypothesis. PMID- 7010300 TI - S. Ramon y Cajal, R. G. Harrison, and the beginnings of neuroembryology. PMID- 7010301 TI - Medical inflation. PMID- 7010302 TI - A war with the molecules: Louis Pillemer and the history of properdin. PMID- 7010303 TI - Fever and trace metal changes in endotoxin-challenged neonates. AB - During infections, plasma Fe and Zn generally fall, while body temperature and plasma Cu rise. However, infected neonates usually do not develop fever during the first week of postnatal life. While fever could not be evoked in neonatal guinea pigs by 2 micrograms/kg of S. enteritidis endotoxin until they were 8 days old, their plasma levels of Fe and Zn were lowered significantly from birth; plasma Cu tended to increase from 2 days postnatally. These results indicate that, contrary to the refractoriness to endotoxin of the fibrific system, the ability to alter trace metal levels exists from birth. Thus, fever and trace metal levels are not necessarily coupled for host defense during infection. PMID- 7010304 TI - An indirect/direct injection molding technique for the placement of micro-filled, type II composites. PMID- 7010305 TI - [Andre Levret and "milk fever"]. PMID- 7010306 TI - [Transfusional malaria in France (1960-1979) (author's transl)]. AB - Transfusional Malaria is not a rare condition in France: in the past 20 years, 110 cases were cited in the literature and/or reported to us in answers to a recent questionnaire. Of these, 24 cases occurred between 1960 and 1969 and 78 between 1970 and 1979. This apparent increase in occurrence in the past decade is most probably due to the increase in the number of transfusions of whole blood or fresh fractions containing infected erythrocytes, although population exchanges with inter-tropical Africa may also play a preponderant role. Our study confirms that Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent pathogen responsible for this condition in France; it caused 84% of cases in the past five years. We think this point must be taken in account by the legislator. PMID- 7010307 TI - The role of immune complexes in blood disorders. AB - The aim of this review is to prevent the role of immune complexes (IC) in blood disorders. Fundamental to this role are the multiple interactions among IC and humoral and cellular receptors which give origin to several biologically active compounds and to profound metabolic, functional, and morphological changes in the involved cells. The end product of all these interactions may be both a phlogistic process and an alteration of blood cells. On this basis, clinical and experimental evidence is provided to demonstrate that IC may be produced as a consequence or a side effect of blood disorders (explaining some peculiar disturbances or proving to be of prognostic importance) or may even be the primary pathogenetic event. PMID- 7010308 TI - Collection of published 5S and 5.8S RNA sequences and their precursors. PMID- 7010310 TI - Cloning of bovine growth hormone gene and its expression in bacteria. AB - A hybrid plasmid was constructed containing beta-lactamase gene of plasmid pBR322 and cloned coding sequences of bovine growth hormone (BGH). The constructed plasmid contains all DNA sequences required to encode BGH, and when used as a hybridization probe it detects one growth hormone gene in the bovine genome. The cloned DNA sequences are inserted into the beta-lactamase gene in the correct reading frame for BGH synthesis. The hybrid gene is expressed in bacteria and the product, a fused beta-lactamase-bovine growth hormone protein, is specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-serum to BGH. Unlike beta-lactamase, very little growth hormone containing sequences can be detected in the periplasmic space. PMID- 7010309 TI - The nucleotide sequence of spinach chloroplast methionine elongator tRNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of spinach chloroplast methionine elongator tRNA (sp. chl. tRNAm Met) has been determined. This tRNA is considerably more homologous to E. coli tRNAm Met (67% homology) than to the three known eukaryotic tRNAm Met (50 55% homology). Sp. chl. tRNAm Met, like the eight other chloroplast tRNAs sequenced, contains a methylated GG sequence in the dihydrouridine loop and lacks unusual structural features which have been found in several mitochondrial tRNAs. PMID- 7010311 TI - Efficient and selective initiation by yeast RNA polymerase B in a dinucleotide primed reaction. AB - Yeast RNA polymerase B catalyzes an efficient abortive initiation on double stranded DNA templates using the appropriate combination of primer and substrate. The specificity of initiation was investigated using a recombinant plasmid (pJD14 DNA) containing the structural gene for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADHI). The combination of the dinucleotide UpA and UTP was 10 fold more efficient with pJD14 DNA than with the vector pBR322 DNA to direct the synthesis of the trinucleotide UpApU. Under these conditions, stable enzyme-DNA complexes were formed and could be retained on nitrocellulose filters. Using the UpA-primed system and a short pulse of RNA synthesis, transcription complexes were located on the yeast part of pJD14 DNA as evidenced by agarose gel electrophoresis. Southern hybridization of the pulsed RNA was restricted to a region, within the yeast DNA fragment, upstream to the initial region of the ADHI gene. PMID- 7010312 TI - Adenosine dimethylation of 16S ribosomal RNA: effect of the methylgroups on local conformational stability as deduced from electrophoretic mobility of RNA fragments in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of RNA fragments derived from the 3'-end of 16S rRNA on slabs of polyacrylamide gel in the presence of urea is strongly influenced by dimethylation of the N6-aminogroup of two adjacent adenosines. This is not due to the presence of the methylgroups per se, but must be ascribed to an effect of methylation on long range intramolecular interactions at these denaturing conditions. When it is assumed that the electrophoretic mobilities of the RNA fragments in the polyacrylamide matrix are determined by the conformational state(s) of the fragments, dimethylation of the adenosines leads in the smaller fragments to a less compact average conformation and in the larger fragments to a more compact average conformation. An effort is made to comprehend the effects of adenosine dimethylation in terms of secondary structure based on nucleotide sequence. PMID- 7010313 TI - The secondary structure of the protein L1 binding region of ribosomal 23S RNA. Homologies with putative secondary structures of the L11 mRNA and of a region of mitochondrial 16S rRNA. AB - An heterologous complex was formed between E. coli protein L1 and P. vulgaris 23S RNA. We determined the primary structure of the RNA region which remained associated with protein L1 after RNase digestion of this complex. We also identified the loci of this RNA region which are highly susceptible to T1, S1 and Naja oxiana nuclease digestions respectively. By comparison of these results with those previously obtained with the homologous regions of E. coli and B. stearothermophilus 23S RNAs, we postulate a general structure for the protein L1 binding region of bacterial 23S RNA. Both mouse and human mit 16S rRNAs and Xenopus laevis and Tetrahymena 28S rRNAs contain a sequence similar to the E. coli 23s RNS region preceding the L1 binding site. The region of mit 16S rRNA which follows this sequence has a potential secondary structure bearing common features with the L1-associated region of bacterial 23S rRNA. The 5'-end region of the L11 mRNA also has several sequence potential secondary structures displaying striking homologies with the protein L1 binding region of 23S rRNA and this probably explains how protein L1 functions as a translational repressor. One of the L11 mRNA putative structures bears the features common to both the L1 associated region of bacterial 23S rRNA and the corresponding region of mit 16S rRNA. PMID- 7010314 TI - Studies on the miscoding properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4 ethenocytosine, DNA reaction products of vinyl chloride metabolites, during in vitro DNA synthesis. AB - 1,N6-Ethenoadenine (epsilon A) and 3,N4-ethenocytosine (epsilon C) are formed when electrophilic vinyl chloride (VC) metabolites, chloroethylene oxide (CEO) or chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) react with adenine and cytosine residues in DNA. They were assayed for their miscoding properties in an in vitro system using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and synthetic templates prepared by reaction of poly(dA) and poly(dC) with increasing concentrations of CEO or CAA. Following the introduction of etheno groups, an increasing inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed. dGMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dA) templates and dTMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dC) templates, suggesting that epsilon A and epsilon C may miscode. The error rates augmented with the extent of reaction of CEO or CAA with the templates. Base-pairing models are proposed for the epsilon A.G. and epsilon C.T pairs. The potentially miscoding properties of epsilon A and epsilon C may explain why metabolically-activated VC and its reactive metabolites specifically induce base-pair substitution mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Promutagenic lesions may represent one of the initial steps in VC- or CEO-induced carcinogenesis. PMID- 7010315 TI - Regulation of aromatic amino acid transport by tRNA: role of 2-methylthio-N6 (delta2-isopentenyl)-adenosine. AB - E. coli growing rapidly in media where ferric iron is not freely available contain a population of specifically undermodified tRNAs. These tRNAs contain isopentenyl adenosine instead of the usual methylthioisopentenyl adenosine adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon. Iron restricted E. coli also show an enhanced capacity to transport aromatic amino acids into the cell. Our work shows that undermodified tRNAs for phe, tyr and trp can function as positive regulatory elements of the aromatic amino acid transport system in E. coli. This iron related metabolic control, mediated through a specific post-transcriptional modification of the tRNAs, may be an important mechanism for adapting E. coli for growth in an iron restricted environment. PMID- 7010316 TI - [Pre and intraoperative volume determination of craniopharyngioma cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Exact cystic volume measurement is a prerequisite to proper 90Y dosage in the therapy of of intracavitary monocystic craniopharyngiomas. The method of intraoperative volume measurement by a radionuclide dilution technique is compared to results obtained by preoperative volumetry using computer tomography. Both methods gave congruous results. It is pointed out that gamma camera scintigrams are essential for the early detection of complications. PMID- 7010317 TI - A theoretical framework for studying factors that impact on the maternal role. AB - A theoretical framework, based on role theory, knowledge of infants' traits, and review of the literature, for studying variables that influence or are influenced by the maternal role is presented. A design of the study, which is in progress, is delineated. PMID- 7010318 TI - Nursing care study: a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7010319 TI - The largest family in the world. PMID- 7010320 TI - Radiation - discovery and developments. PMID- 7010321 TI - Artificial teeth: a bit of a mouthful. PMID- 7010322 TI - Stress at work: cancer nurses report. PMID- 7010323 TI - Cavity varnishes applied over insulating bases: effect on microleakage. PMID- 7010324 TI - Hollenback Prize (George W. Ferguson). PMID- 7010325 TI - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in chronic liver diseases. II. Enzyme secretion]. PMID- 7010326 TI - [Variant angina pectoris]. PMID- 7010327 TI - [Uremic pericarditis]. PMID- 7010328 TI - [Pulmonary complications and respiratory insufficiency in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7010329 TI - [Theories on the mechanism of action of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 7010331 TI - [Latin aphorisms and proverbs on medical topics]. PMID- 7010330 TI - [Selected problems of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7010332 TI - [Immunologic regulation of hematopoiesis]. PMID- 7010333 TI - [Genetic variability of microorganisms, determined by R plasmids. III. Genetic properties of plasmid aggregates]. PMID- 7010334 TI - [Disulphide bonds in the structure and function of proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010335 TI - [Physical methods applied in the study of disulphide bond geometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010336 TI - Legionnaires' disease with severe hypoxemia and saddleback fever. AB - In the case of Legionnaires' disease described, severe respiratory problems necessitated mechanical ventilatory support, tracheal intubation, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Fever was eliminated with erythromycin therapy but returned after five days, and lung infiltrates spread. After supplementary treatment with other antibiotics and methylprednisolone sodium succinate, both the fever and the infiltrates disappeared. We feel that the multisystem involvement and the recrudescence of fever in our patient emphasize the wide spectrum of characteristics of Legionnaires' disease and the importance of continuation of antibiotics for a prolonged period to eradicate infection. PMID- 7010337 TI - [Preparation of complete dentures applying a stereographic method]. PMID- 7010338 TI - [Bronchial motor tonus]. PMID- 7010339 TI - [Bases of standardization in microbiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010340 TI - [H-Y-antigen and sex determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010341 TI - [Ixodidae, hard ticks. Argasidae, soft ticks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010342 TI - [Diagnosis of generalized osteopathies--methodological considerations and diagnostic possibilities]. PMID- 7010343 TI - [Histology and differential diagnosis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-ileitis]. PMID- 7010344 TI - Review article: trophoblast invasion and the establishment of haemochorial placentation in man and laboratory animals. AB - Trophoblast invasion is an essential component of haemochorial placentation and has to be considered to relation to reactive changes in the maternal uterine tissues. Some comparative aspects of human and laboratory rodents are discussed and, although there is an obvious phylogenetic gap between the two, many characteristics of placental development are found to be analogous. Trophoblast growth into the uterus is different in different species: localized trophoblast growth forming a bulky tissue (mouse, rat, hamster) contrast with a dispersion of independent trophoblastic elements, forming an interstitial invasion (guinea pig, man). In the rat, mouse, hamster and man retrograde intra-arterial trophoblast migration occurs in maternal vessels supplying blood to the developing placenta. Early changes in maternal tissue might influence trophoblast behaviour. Decidualization probably is a key phenomenon, and the relation of decidual necrosis to trophoblast invasion is considered. Some kind of controlled immune response by the mother also may be involved. These considerations apply to stromal or interstitial invasion as well as to intravascular trophoblast migration but, for the latter, haemodynamic factors probably influence tissue reactions. PMID- 7010345 TI - Inhibition of carcinogenesis: Vitamin C and the prevention of gastric cancer. PMID- 7010346 TI - Comparison of EPSDT and NCHS growth charts. PMID- 7010347 TI - [Rafael' Ivanovich Murazian (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 7010348 TI - [Morphokinetic characteristics of multinuclear giant cells in a tissue culture from a tuberculous inflammation focus]. PMID- 7010349 TI - Nutrition and cancer: evidence from epidemiology. PMID- 7010350 TI - The energetic efficiency of metabolism. PMID- 7010351 TI - Whole animal studies using tracer kinetics. PMID- 7010352 TI - Dietary fat and human cancer. PMID- 7010353 TI - Food additives and cancer. PMID- 7010354 TI - Nutrition and the patient with cancer. PMID- 7010355 TI - Nutrition and gastric cancer. PMID- 7010356 TI - Evaluation of the safety of foods. PMID- 7010357 TI - Are nutritionists worried about the epidemic of tumours in laboratory animals? PMID- 7010358 TI - The influence of the gut microflora on food toxicity. PMID- 7010359 TI - In vitro tests to detect chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7010360 TI - Mechanisms for the regulation of ketogenesis. PMID- 7010361 TI - Foetal and placental metabolisms: their interrelationship and impact upon maternal metabolism. AB - In summary, foetal and placental metabolisms have certain characteristics which appear to bridge species differences. The consumption of carbohydrate and amino acids by the foetal lamb is adequate to meet the energy, C and N requirements of the foetus both for oxidated metabolism and for growth. Techniques to study foetal or maternal metabolism or both under conditions of a biological steady state, comparatively free of stress, are now readily available in several large mammals and are becoming so for small mammals. This should permit comparative physiologic studies in animals differing widely in diet and in body size. Hopefully, such studies will clarify those characteristics of foetal metabolism which are unique to a species and those which are common to all foetuses. PMID- 7010362 TI - Fenfluramine effects on insulin resistance and lipogenesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. PMID- 7010363 TI - Prostacyclin, thromboplastin, and antiheparin activities of the rat aorta. PMID- 7010364 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on hypothalamic LHRH and catecholamine turnover rates in proestrous rats. PMID- 7010365 TI - Modulation of adrenergic neuroeffector events in the renal vasculature: role of prostaglandins. AB - The major products of arachidonic acid metabolism in the kidney (PGE2, PGI2, PGF2 alpha) influence adrenergic neuroeffector events. PGE2 and PGI2 inhibit the vasoconstrictor responses elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by injected norepinephrine in the rabbit and dog kidney. PGE2 also reduces release of the adrenergic transmitter from the rabbit kidney. In contrast, PGF2 alpha enhances adrenergically induced vasoconstriction. In the rabbit kidney, release of the adrenergic transmitter and the vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine are enhanced by blockade of prostaglandin synthesis, and are reduced during stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by either arachidonic acid or bradykinin. In contrast, in the rat kidney, adrenergically induced vasoconstriction is enhanced by PGE2, PGI2, and arachidonic acid and is reduced by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. This suggests major species differences in the modulatory action of prostaglandins at the adrenergic neuroeffector junction. This difference between rat and other species could be due to difference in prostaglandin receptors or in the events resulting from the interaction of prostaglandins with the receptors at the adrenergic neuroeffector junction. PMID- 7010366 TI - Renin, ADH and the kidney: a congeries of conundrums. PMID- 7010367 TI - Overview of the role of angiotensin inhibitors in delineating the function of the renin-angiotensin system. AB - In conscious sodium-deficient dogs, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and angiotensin II receptor blockade with an angiotensin II inhibitory analogue reduced arterial blood pressure and increased urinary sodium excretion significantly, but the hypotensive and natriuretic response was considerably greater during inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme with captopril. Angiotensin II infusion (3 ng/kg/min) into sodium-deficient dogs maintained on captopril administration restored arterial blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma aldosterone concentration to levels that existed in untreated sodium-deficient dogs. This indicates that the hypotensive and natriuretic actions of captopril are due to the inhibition of angiotensin II formation and not to the accumulation of the vasodepressor peptide, bradykinin. PMID- 7010368 TI - Low-renin hypertension with hyperaldosteronism in childhood. PMID- 7010369 TI - Studies of the functional role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. AB - In the kidney, renin is synthesized and stored by specialized cells in the afferent arteriole, the juxtaglomerular cells, which are derived from smooth muscle cells. The juxtaglomerular cells are more highly differentiated than ordinary smooth muscle cells and contain numerous-bound granules, the sites where renin is stored and presumably synthesized. Specialized granular epithelial cells situated in the angle between the afferent and efferent arterioles and the distal tubule comprise the macula densa. Collectively, the granular cells of the macula densa and in the wall of the afferent arteriole are termed the juxtaglomerular apparatus [1]. It has been shown repeatedly that all components of the renin angiotensin system are present within the kidney in close association with the component structures of the juxtaglomerular apparatus [2-4]. Thus, it has been proposed that angiotensin may be formed intrarenally, and that angiotensin exerts a controlling influence on renal function through the unique anatomical structure of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, independent of changes in the systemic renin angiotensin system. In this article, we will assess the evidence for a functional role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system acting as a local hormonal system in the control of renal function. PMID- 7010370 TI - Prostaglandins and renin release studies in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The efficacy of various prostaglandins to stimulate renin release was compared in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Renin release was stimulated in decreasing order of potency by PGE2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2, whereas PGA2, PGD2 and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha were without effect. Renovascular resistance (RVR) was increased following infusion of PGE2, PGE1 and PGF2 alpha, whereas PGI2 did not change RVR. When PGF2 alpha or 3H-PGF2 alpha was infused, PGE2 could be identified in the venous effluent by high-performance liquid chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PMID- 7010371 TI - Development of a multivalent live vaccine active against a wide range of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - We have constructed a deletion mutant of E. coli which lacks O-antigen - "deep rough". Living bacteria of this strain were injected repeatedly in high numbers into mice and chicks and in all cases were found to be completely harmless. In C3HeB mice, protection was obtained against a wide variety of enteric bacteria and was accompanied by an appreciable increase in titer of antibodies which cross react with LPS extracted from these bacteria. Preliminary experiments indicate that the vaccine provides protection against avian coli pathogens. PMID- 7010372 TI - Current developments with cholera vaccines: "Where do we go from here?". PMID- 7010373 TI - Vaccines against parasitic diseases - malaria. PMID- 7010374 TI - The present and future of vaccination for cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 7010375 TI - Vaccination against schistosomiasis. PMID- 7010376 TI - Recent advances concerning the use of muramyl dipeptide derivatives as vaccine potentiators. PMID- 7010377 TI - The production of vaccines by recombinant DNA techniques. PMID- 7010378 TI - Vaccine production technology. PMID- 7010379 TI - Current developments in production and testing of tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. PMID- 7010380 TI - Can otitis media be prevented with pneumococcal vaccine? PMID- 7010381 TI - Multicentre clinical study with tolciclate in the local treatment of skin mycoses in 1083 patients. AB - A multicentre clinical trial with tolciclate was carried out in Italy on 1083 patients suffering from skin mycoses (tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea manuum and pityriasis versicolor). Both preparations (1% cream and lotion) showed a good activity evaluated weekly by clinical examinations and mycological assessments, i.e. culture for tineas and microscopy for pityriasis versicolor. Favourable clinical results ranged from 83% to 97% according to diagnoses. Cultural or microscopic conversions obtained in a mean time of about 2 weeks varied from 70% to 91%. Mycological relapses a month after the end of treatment were seen in 6.5% of cases examined. Adverse reactions were observed in 5.6% of patients but the treatment was discontinued only in 2.6%. PMID- 7010382 TI - Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of atenolol in fixed or free combination with chlorthalidone. AB - A double-blind, within-patient study was carried out in 23 newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of at least 100 mmHg) to compare the antihypertensive effects of atenolol (100 mg) and chlorthalidone (25 mg) given in free and fixed combination. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, patients received each of the two active treatments and also placebo for periods of 4 weeks, the treatment sequence being randomized. A single daily drug dose was taken 24 to 28 hours before each blood pressure measurement at 2-weekly intervals. The results showed that both active drug combinations lowered lying, standing and post-exercise blood pressure significantly and there was no statistical difference between the two forms of treatment. Two-thirds of the patients were adequately controlled with the single daily dose regimen and few side-effects were reported. PMID- 7010383 TI - A double-blind study comparing cefaclor and amoxycillin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in general practice. AB - A prospective double-blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy of intermittent versus continuous levels of beta-lactam antibiotics. Two hundred and ninety-eight patients attending their general practitioner and requiring treatment for respiratory tract infections were randomly allocated to receive either 250 mg cefaclor 3-times daily (intermittent) or 500 mg amoxycillin 3-times daily (continuous). By most of the parameters used to assess outcomes, the group on cefaclor did better than the group on amoxycillin, although in no case was the difference statistically significant. This result confirms previous studies which have shown that the maintenance of continuous levels of antibiotic is not a necessary objective when using beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7010385 TI - [The biological evaluation of triterpene glycosides (author's transl)]. AB - Triterpene glycosides are widespread in plants belonging to various families and in animals of the class of echinoderms (Echinodermata). They are situated in essential organs and tissues. Dependent upon the physiological condition of the organism, their concentration and the velocity of their biosynthesis are variable within sufficiently wide limits. They are used by the organism in the struggle for life and in maintaining the biological equilibrium in antagonistic interactions of biological systems. As to plants, they are factors of immunity against fungal diseases. Like exogenous substances, triterpene glycosides are physiologically active against warm-blooded animals. They affect the metabolism, the functional status of the organs, and the organism as a whole. In biological systems, they are integrated with the metabolism and, like low-molecular regulators, they exhibit polyfunctional properties. PMID- 7010384 TI - Dissociation of effects of LH-RH analogs on pituitary regulation and reproductive behavior. AB - Analogs of LH-RH were studied for their effect on lordosis in ovariectomized rats primed with estrogen. Classified by their gonadotropin-releasing activity, representatives of three types of analogs were tested for facilitation of lordotic (L) responses of preselected females to mounting (M) by male studs. Positive responses (L/M greater than 0.5) were found after SC administration of LH-RH peptides modified so as to be inhibitory, stimulatory, or inactive in releasing LH and FSH. The results further support the concept of a dissociation between the endocrine and extra-endocrine effects of peripherally injected hypothalamic peptides. PMID- 7010386 TI - Guidelines for the clinical evaluation of analgesic drugs. PMID- 7010388 TI - Peter Juliani, physician and pope. PMID- 7010387 TI - The diseases of runners: a view from the eighteenth century--a commentary. PMID- 7010389 TI - "But what if she should die?"--case histories, literary histories: a discussion of maternal death in childbirth. PMID- 7010393 TI - [Advances in the prophylactic treatment of renal diseases]. PMID- 7010392 TI - A uremic peptide containing polyamine: formation and possible role in uremic hypertriglyceridemia. AB - Concentrations of peptidic compounds in blood plasma of uremics are increased. Evidence for participation of intestinal bacteria in the production of such peptides (presumably toxic) was obtained by isolation of a strongly basic peptide containing covalently bound spermidine from peritoneal dialysate of patients with chronic uremia. The same peptide was found in blood plasma of patients with end stage chronic renal failure. The absence of glutamic acid in the spermidinepeptide molecule suggests that an enzyme different from the transglutaminase of mammalian cells must take part in the synthesis of spermidinepeptide. This conjugate forms a relatively stable complex with insulin, thus altering the action of the hormone on adipose cell metabolism. Also, interaction of spermidinepeptide with insulin and lipoproteins may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with chronic uremia. PMID- 7010391 TI - Polyamine metabolites and conjugates in man and higher animals: a review of the literature. AB - The current state of knowledge of the metabolic fate of the di- and polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is reviewed. Acetylated, oxidized, and protein-bound polyamines are found to be widely distributed in man and animals. The importance of understanding the roles of these compounds in health and disease is now recognized and is currently the subject of active research. PMID- 7010394 TI - Risk assessment of carcinogenesis at implantation sites. AB - Of the 98 foreign-body or scar-related cancers reported in the literature, over 25 percent have developed within 15 years, and over 50 percent within 25 years. Substantial numbers of various implants have now been in place for 10 to 20 years. Since at least 25 percent of cancer cases should already have occurred, the low number actually observed permits the prediction that the incidence of cancers at implantation sites will remain low. This conclusion is supported by studies on 27 specimens of chronic foreign-body reactions against a variety of implants that had been in situ for 1 to 19 years. Employing a cell-culture technique previously developed for experimental mice, an attempt was made to identify specific precancer cells in the tissues. None were detected, in contrast to foreign-body reactions of mice, in which the incidence of foreign-body tumors is high. PMID- 7010395 TI - De novo cutaneous neoplasm: biologic behavior in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - The treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients who are immunosuppressed should include early and adequate excision and extremely close follow-up. If the patients' tumor is aggressive, treatment should be aggressive even with discontinuation of the immunosuppression, which may lead to the death of the allograft. Sacrifice of the allograft in such an instance will lead to survival of the patient. In our patient, the continuous survival of the allograft with good renal function, in spite of the discontinuation of the immunosuppressive agents, can be interpreted only on the basis of graft adaptation. PMID- 7010396 TI - The making of a silk purse: a useful teaching device. PMID- 7010397 TI - Port wine stain. PMID- 7010398 TI - Leo A. Bornstein, M.D. 1911-1980. PMID- 7010399 TI - The biology of human aging. PMID- 7010400 TI - Interview of a patient of Professor Jacques Joseph. PMID- 7010401 TI - Preaching in your practice. What to tell patients to help them to live longer. PMID- 7010403 TI - The measurement of blood pressure and its interpretation. AB - The auscultatory or indirect technique of measuring blood pressure has been proved reliable in multiple clinical settings and has received wide application. In clinical studies, special efforts are used to train observers in the measurement of blood pressure and to ensure properly functioning equipment. Similar diligence in providing quality control is necessary in everyday practice to guard against potential errors. With proper care it is possible to obtain readings that classify the pressure to the nearest 5 mm Hg. Table 1 lists some of the sources of error that are possible with the indirect technique and the magnitude of these errors. It should be emphasized that many factors affect blood pressure variation and that any single reading is of limited value. A number of specific sources of information are useful to the practicing physician and his staff for maintaining equipment and for standardizing technique and procedure. Application of these principles to primary care practice should improve the accuracy of health maintenance and allow proper clinical application of the results of the many clinical studies of mild hypertension that are presently being conducted around the world. PMID- 7010402 TI - Failed appointments. Who misses them, why they are missed, and what can be done. AB - Failure to keep appointments is disruptive to the health care delivery system in several ways. Rates of missed appointments in a variety of practice settings demonstrate a significant problem. The patient most likely to fail to keep a given appointment is one who is young, comes from a low socioeconomic group, has a large, unstable family, and has previously broken appointments. In addition, this patient will most likely have no significant ongoing relationship with a single physician, may have been referred from an emergency room, will have been scheduled for his or her appointment at a distant time, may well have forgotten about the appointment or thought it was scheduled for another time, and will feel little sense of urgency about keeping the appointment. Several effective methods to reduce appointment-breaking behavior are discussed. Mailed appointment reminders are both effective and cost-efficient. Improved communication between patient and physician combined with personal interest and attention an produce a positive effect on the appointment-keeping behavior of a patient. Finally, the pragmatic details of appointment scheduling can be altered to reduce the disruptive effect of the missed appointment by such methods as predictive overbooking based on individual patient characteristics, use of the modified wave scheduling technique, and elimination of the automatic reappointing of patients who have previously broken appointments. PMID- 7010404 TI - Evaluation of screening tests for colorectal cancer. AB - The following guidelines are proposed for the asymptomatic patient representing for routine examination. Instruct the patient to eat All Bran cereal or a similar product for breakfast for three consecutive days prior to the day of appointment. At the time of appointment the stool obtained from rectal examination or from a spontaneous bowel movement is checked for occult blood using the guaiac method. If the findings are negative, no further tests are recommended. If positive, the patient is given complete dietary instructions in a non-meat, high-residue diet with avoidance of beets, horseradish, vitamins, or aspirin-containing compounds. The patient is then given six Hemoccult or Quikcult slides and is instructed to prepare two fecal slides from each stool specimen daily for three days. If these are all negative when tested, no further studies are necessary. If one or more are positive, however, sigmoidoscopic examination and colon and upper gastrointestinal radiography should be carried out in that order. Evidence that early lesions (Duke A or B) are detected and the cure rate improved with this procedure is quite convincing. PMID- 7010405 TI - Patient compliance. PMID- 7010406 TI - Quality assurance in ambulatory care. AB - Many of the methods for evaluating the quality of ambulatory care are costly, cumbersome, and possibly counterproductive. Major developments in evaluating the quality of the doctor-patient relationship are needed before a general assessment of the quality of ambulatory care is possible. Nonetheless, limited reviews based on insurance claims data can efficiently improve certain aspects of ambulatory care. PMID- 7010407 TI - The real Thomas More? PMID- 7010408 TI - Insanity and the realities of history in early modern England. AB - This paper argues that the attack on religious enthusiasm, a campaign against popular religious radicalism, prompted the governing classes in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England to embrace secular explanations of the nature of insanity and to repudiate treatments which were based on religious and magical beliefs. An objection to the argument is considered, and some of its implications are discussed. PMID- 7010409 TI - Treatment of a psychosomatic ailment in an elderly woman. PMID- 7010410 TI - Stress and cancer: the state of the art. Part 1. PMID- 7010411 TI - Laser microirradiation of Chinese hamster cells at wavelength 365 nm: effects of psoralen and caffeine. PMID- 7010412 TI - [UV-light protection of alpha-irradiated yeast cells]. PMID- 7010413 TI - Radiocolloid liver scintigraphy. A choice and an echo. AB - A binary classification was used to evaluate the relative usefulness and accuracy of liver imaging with radiocolloid scintigraphy, ultrasonography, and transmission computed tomography. No single technique was found to be significantly superior to the others on the basis of their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. PMID- 7010414 TI - [The Wiberg Forms of Patellae--are they disposing to early arthrosis? (author's transl)]. AB - Autopsy examinations of patellae revealed that there is no statistical relationship between osteoarthritis and the different Wiberg and Baumgartl types of patella. Wiberg's and Baumgartl's types of patellae appear to be physiological form variants and without importance in the development of femoropatellar osteoarthritis. However, other morphological findings in the femoropatellar compartment, such as a ridge on the medial femoral condyle or a cartilagineous ridge on the medial part of the joint surface of the patellae may represent a prearthrotic factor. PMID- 7010415 TI - Syphilitic aneurysms of the innominate artery. AB - Syphilitic aortitis can cause formation of fusiform or saccular aneurysms of the ascending aorta or transverse arch. The authors report 3 cases in which a saccular aneurysm developed at the origin of the innominate artery and was seen as a mediastinal mass on the chest radiograph. PMID- 7010416 TI - Tracheal compression by the innominate artery in infancy and childhood. AB - The authors evaluated the normal radiographic anatomy of the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery in children. Review of 1,000 randomly selected lateral chest radiographs demonstrated anterior tracheal indentation in 30% of the children under the age of 2 years. In addition, 172 angiograms in children with congenital heart disease revealed that the innominate artery normally originates either completely or partially to the left of the trachea and crosses in front of it. PMID- 7010417 TI - [Processing of precursor proteins in the Golgi complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010418 TI - [Properties and functions of two different kinds of proteinases bound with chromatins, optimum pH's of which are 8 with histone and 10 with casein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010419 TI - [Chromatin-bound protease and its inhibitor from rat peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010420 TI - [Proteases in granulocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010421 TI - [Calcium activated neutral protease and its role in biological regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010422 TI - [Physiological and pathological chemistry of X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase (dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV)]. PMID- 7010423 TI - [Proline-specific endopeptidase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010424 TI - [N-acylamino acid releasing enzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010425 TI - [Proteases in complement system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010426 TI - [Proteases which relate to kallikrein-kinin system and blood coagulation system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010427 TI - [Renin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010428 TI - [Intracellular neutral proteases associated with inflammatory reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010429 TI - [Biological activities of protease inhibitors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010430 TI - [The growth of fish and its regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010431 TI - [Prolactin and its role in growth, metamorphosis and reproduction in amphibians (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010432 TI - [Growth hormone dynamics in normal and dwarf chickens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010435 TI - [The cell cycle-dependent protein synthesis in Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010434 TI - [Hormonal control of human growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010433 TI - [Research of the regulation mechanism of rat growth with regard to serum somatomedin concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010436 TI - [Metabolism of polyamines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010437 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance of proteins--erabutoxins and elongation factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010438 TI - [DNA-membrane association in bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010440 TI - [Gnathosonic study of the diagnosis of dental occlusion and articulation]. PMID- 7010439 TI - [An adhesive glycoprotein polymer on cell surface: fibronectin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010441 TI - [Emergenices in prosthodontics]. PMID- 7010442 TI - [Use of zirconium phosphate as a fire-proof material in dental casting]. PMID- 7010443 TI - [Dental tissue protection against accidental effects of caustics]. PMID- 7010444 TI - [Prosthetic therapy after mandibular surgery]. PMID- 7010445 TI - Effect of synthetic estrogen on platelet aggregation and vascular release of PGI2 like material in the rabbit. AB - Treatment of adult female New Zealand white rabbits with ethinyl estradiol, the synthetic estrogen used in many oral contraceptives, results in a significant increase in in vivo aggregation. This alteration in platelet behavior is accompanied by diminished vascular release of antiaggregatory PGI2 (prostacyclin) like material. Addition of a progestin prevents the change in platelet aggregation seen with the estrogen alone. Diminished vascular PGI2 release may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of thrombotic occurrences experienced by some oral contraceptive users. In vivo platelet aggregation may be of value in identifying individuals at risk of developing thrombotic disturbances while taking oral contraceptives. PMID- 7010447 TI - Differential effects of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid on gastric circulation and oxygen consumption. AB - Experiments were carried out on anesthetized dogs to compare the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and arachidonic acid (AA) administered intraarterially on gastric blood flow and oxygen consumption during constant arterial pressure perfusion and constant flow perfusion of the stomach. Both PGE2 and PGI2 increased total blood flow and oxygen consumption both in the resting stomach and following histamine stimulation although the effects of PGE2 on the oxygen consumption in stimulated stomach were not statistically significant. On the contrary, AA decreased both gastric blood flow and oxygen consumption in the histamine stimulated stomach. To determine if these compounds can influence gastric oxygen consumption independently of their effects on blood flow, the experiments with constant flow perfusion were performed. Both PGE2 and PGI2 decreased both the perfusion pressure and oxygen consumption in the resting as well as in the histamine-stimulated stomach whereas AA increased perfusion pressure and decreased oxygen consumption during histamine administration. Effects of AA were blocked by indomethacin suggesting that not AA itself but some of its metabolites, most likely thromboxanes were responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic changes resulting from the contraction of gastric arterioles and precapillary sphincters. On the contrary, both PGE2 and PGI2 caused gastric hyperemia and an increase in oxygen consumption in the resting stomach, but decreased the latter parameter in the stimulated stomach, most probably as a result of secretory inhibition overcoming direct vascular effects of these compounds. PMID- 7010446 TI - PGI2-specific antibodies administered in vivo suggest against a role for endogenous PGI2 as a circulating vasodepressor hormone in the normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Immunoglobulins raised against 5,6-dihydro PGI2 crossreact with PGI2. When infused in vivo into the rat, these immunoglobulins are capable of 1) neutralising the vasodepressor effects (bolus or continuous infusion) of exogenous PGI2, 2) blocking the catabolism of exogenous 3H-PGI2 and prolonging its life-time in the circulation (t 1/2 approx 60 min) while that of 3H-PGE2 is unaffected, 3) trapping an endogenously produced substance which after extraction from blood and dissociation from the ligand-antibody complex, is immunoreactive with 6-keto PGF1 alpha-specific antiserum. Yet the anti-5,6-dihydro PGI2 immunoglobulins have no effect on resting arterial blood pressure both in the normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat. These experiments indicate that endogenously produced PGI2 does not play a significant systemic role in blood pressure control although in combination with other vasodilators it could still participate in the regulation of vascular tone at a local level. PMID- 7010449 TI - Prostaglandins and renin production: a review. PMID- 7010448 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibits the development in human platelets of ADP and arachidonic acid-induced shape change and procoagulant activity. AB - Platelets which change shape from discs to spheres concomitantly develop platelet procoagulant activity which is independent of and precedes aggregation or the release reaction. Since prostacyclin (PGI2) is known to be a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and release, the effect of PGI2 on platelet shape change and the development of platelet procoagulant activity was measured. Platelet shape change (percent discs and spheres) was assayed by a light transmission technique. Platelet procoagulant activity was assayed using recalcified clotting times measured concurrently (by aggregometry) with platelet shape assays. PGI2 inhibited the development of platelet shape change and procoagulant activity induced by the addition of ADP (0.7 microM); the 50% inhibitory dose of PGI2 was approximately 2 nM. PGI2 also inhibited arachidonic acid (0.3-1.2 mM) induced platelet shape change and procoagulant activity; the 50% inhibitory dose of PGI2 was 2.3 nM. Thus, physiologic concentrations of PGI2 inhibit platelet shape change and prevent the development of sphering associated procoagulant activity. PMID- 7010451 TI - Angiotensin II and norepinephrine after indomethacin in isolated perfused canine kidneys. Tachyphylaxis vs. modulator effect of prostaglandins. AB - High levels of radioimmunoassayable PGE2 were measured in the perfusate of isolated kidneys. Indomethacin inhibited PGE2 release in this system. Small reductions in the pressor effects of norepinephrine (NE) were associated with increasing perfusate levels of PGE2; a large increase in the pressor effect of NE followed additions of indomethacin and reductions in perfusate PGE2 levels. A marked reduction in pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) was measured in the isolated kidney which could not be prevented or reversed by indomethacin. It is believed that tachyphylaxis was responsible for the marked reduction in pressor responsiveness to AII and that this is independent of alterations in prostaglandin metabolism. However prostaglandins appeared to modulate the pressor effects of AII as they did NE in the isolated perfused kidney. PMID- 7010450 TI - Effects of moderate short-term potassium depletion in normal humans. The role of prostaglandins. AB - The role of prostaglandins (PG) in the effects of potassium (K+)depletion was studied in six normal women. A mean K+-deficit of 220 mEq was induced with and without concomitant treatment with indomethacin (150 mg/day). Mean serum K+ concentration decreased from 4.2 +/- (S.E.) 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mEq/L without indomethacin and from 4.1 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mEq/L with indomethacin. "Supine" and "upright" plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma norepinephrine concentration (NE) were unaltered by K+ -depletion alone but decreased with indomethacin. Plasma aldosterone (PA) was suppressed during K+-depletion (control: 7.2 +/- 2.6 ng/dl supine, 19.3 +/- 8.1 ng/dl upright; K+-depletion: 2.6 +/- 0.3 ng/dl supine, 5.5 +/- 1.3 ng/dl upright) and was paralleled by a decrease in urinary aldosterone. K+- depletion decreased urinary PGE2 from 667 +/- 133 to 343 +/- 60 ng/day (P less than 0.025) without a change in PGF2 alpha. The dose of exogenous angiotensin II (A II) which increased diastolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg (pressor dose) was 7.1 +/- 1.4 ng/kg/min during control and increased to 11.0 +/- 0.7 ng/kg/min during K+-depletion (P less than 0.05). Indomethacin increased the sensitivity to A II both during control (pressor dose: 4.9 +/- 0.6 ng/kg/min) and K+ - depletion (pressor dose: 6.0 +/- 1.0 ng/kg/min). These results indicate that in healthy subjects, moderate short-term K+-depletion does not affect PRA or NE but decreases production of aldosterone and PGE2 by the kidney. The changes in vascular sensitivity to exogenous A II during K+-depletion and indomethacin and the decreases in plasma NE and PRA during indomethacin may be explained by changes in vascular vasodilator PG. PMID- 7010453 TI - Assay of prostacyclin synthesis in intact aorta by aqueous sampling. PMID- 7010452 TI - Mass-spectrometric evidence for spontaneous and angiotensin-induced generation of prostacyclin by perfused cat lungs. AB - Isolated perfused cat lungs secreted spontaneously a PGI2-like substance that relaxed a strip of bovine coronary artery. The presence of PGI2 was confirmed by the identification of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by GC-MS. Both bioassay and mass fragmentography showed that PGI2 was released at a rate of 4 - 12 ng/ml. Generation of PGI2 by the perfused cat lungs was stimulated by angiotensin II (3 10 ng/ml). The above results along with our in vivo experiments point to the lung as an important source of endogenous PGI2 in the body. PMID- 7010455 TI - The impermeability of the basic cell membrane to thromboxane-B2' prostacyclin and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha. AB - Washed rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) were suspended in electrolyte solution containing 3H-labeled prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane (TxB2) or 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha and 14C-labeled sucrose or thiourea. following 1 to 30 min incubation with 14C-sucrose, 3H-TxB2 or 3H-6-keto-PGF 1 alpha, the 14C or 3H space of packed RBCs remained essentially constant, yielding mean values (+/- S.E.) for all time periods of 6.1 +/- 0.3, 9.5 +/- 0.5 and 6.5 +/- 0.4%, respectively. After 1 min of incubation at 4 degrees or 23 degrees C at a pH of 7.4 or 8.5 with trace amounts (10(-9)M) of 3H-PGI2 or in the presence of added PGI2 (10(-5)M) or ethacrynic acid (1.6 x 10(-4)M), the apparent PGI2 space of packed RBCs ranged from 16 to 27%, decreasing to about 7% by 30 min. When RBCs were resuspended in fresh 3H-PGI2 every 5 min, their 3H content increased very slowly (apparent PGI2 space less than 40% at 30 min) as compared to thiourea (distribution space greater than 80% within 5 min). Over 90% of this 3H activity was lost from the RBCs in less than 2 min during elution at 4 degrees or 23 degrees C. It is concluded that RBC membranes and thus, presumably, the basic cell membrane in general, is not fundamentally permeable to PGI2, 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha or TxB2. Hence, the effective entry of these cyclooxygenase products into some cells or their passage across tight-junctional capillaries or epithelial membranes must require facilitated or active transport processes as was shown to be the case for E, F and A PGs. This implies that the distribution, pharmacological action and metabolism of these and presumably all related cyclooxygenase products are selective rather than unrestricted. PMID- 7010454 TI - Prostacyclin and blood glucose levels in humans and rabbits. AB - In patients with peripheral vascular disease and in healthy rabbits, infusion of PGI2 but not of 6-keto PGF1 alpha induced a rise in blood glucose level and a pathological deviation in glucose tolerance test. In experiments in vitro, the increased concentrations of glucose produced dose-dependent inhibition of PGI2 release from isolated rat aortic rings. The link between PGI2 and carbohydrate metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7010456 TI - Extractive alkylation of prostaglandins. AB - The simultaneous extraction and esterification of prostaglandins in aqueous solution is described. High yield of esters can be achieved in a one minute reaction time. The specificity of the alkylation can be controlled by the counterion. Thus, a long chain carboxylic acid can be selectively extracted and derivatized in the presence of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 7010457 TI - Decreased sensitivity of human platelets to PGI2 during long-term intraarterial prostacyclin infusion in patients with peripheral vascular disease--a rebound phenomenon? AB - During successful treatment of peripheral vascular disease with synthetic prostacyclin no alteration in platelet function was reported (1). In 8 patients infused with synthetic prostacyclin continuously for 7 days intraarterially, the platelet function was monitored. Special attention was drawn to the platelet sensitivity in vitro for PGI2, which is discussed as an important factor maintaining the hemostatic balance. In all the patients with peripheral vascular disease between 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the infusion a sudden decrease in platelet sensitivity accompanied by an increase in platelet count could be seen. These dramatic alterations representing probably a rebound phenomenon occurring during long-term PGI2-treatment might be an explanation for a non-beneficial effect of the treatment and in some cases a limiting factor for the continuation of the infusion itself. It is not clear, if this rebound phenomenon is due to a stimulation of an endogenous inhibitor, lowering the synthesis of a naturally occurring substance acting against this inhibitor or tachyphylaxia. PMID- 7010458 TI - Increased prostacyclin synthesizing activity in human ripening uterine cervix. AB - Homogenate of human uterine cervix at delivery were incubated with radioactive arachidonic acid. A major metabolite (conversion rate, approx. 20%) was identified with 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, a metabolite of prostacyclin. The 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha production in the ripening cervix was more than 6 times per wet weight and 37 times per DNA as much as that in the non-pregnant cervix. PMID- 7010460 TI - [Evaluation of radioimmunoassay kit using gamma-coat plasma renin activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010459 TI - Nursing care for the emerging family: promoting paternal behavior. AB - In the last decade, nursing care related to childbirth has expanded from a narrow emphasis on the physical health needs of the mother and infant to a broader focus on more family-related, socioemotional needs. One prominent feature of this family-centered approach is the recent movement toward designing services to promote the formation of the mother-infant attachment bond. It is argued in this paper, however, that to achieve a truly family-centered practice, nursing must make a comparable commitment to understanding and meeting the needs of the father in the emerging family. Evidence is reviewed that suggests the father's potential contribution to the infant's overall development has been misperceived or devalued and that the father's ability and willingness to assume a more active role in the infant's care may have been underestimated. Questions for future research that would lead to a better understanding of the father's role in the emerging family are raised. PMID- 7010461 TI - [Studies on plasma glucagon radioimmunoassay kit and plasma glucagon responses to oral glucose load and insulin induced hypoglycemia in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010462 TI - [Radiolytic decomposition of water for hydrogen production (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010463 TI - [Treatment of peritoneal adhesions by intestinal plication. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7010465 TI - [Comphorated p-monochlorophenol (C.P.M.C.). Controversies about its distant action]. PMID- 7010464 TI - [Influence of contamination of dental enamel decalcified by acid, on retention of composite resin restoration]. PMID- 7010466 TI - [Extra-intestinal phase of the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans]. PMID- 7010467 TI - [Controlled treatment of acute pancreatitis. Double-blind trial with cimetidine]. PMID- 7010468 TI - [Propafenone, a new anti arrhythmic agent]. PMID- 7010470 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. I. Concept and pathogenesis of the disease]. PMID- 7010471 TI - [Partial recovery of renal function in mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis after an unsuccessful kidney transplant]. PMID- 7010469 TI - [Changes of the intermediary metabolism in septic patients. I. Relation to insulin requirements]. PMID- 7010472 TI - [Functional renal transplant and pregnancy to term. Description of a case]. PMID- 7010474 TI - [Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7010475 TI - [The School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo. Historical review 1942 1980]. PMID- 7010473 TI - [Diffuse renal infiltration by a mixed nodular lymphoma]. PMID- 7010476 TI - [1st doctoral dissertations on anesthesia in the Castillian language]. PMID- 7010477 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of sublingual nifedipine in angina patients. Double-blind cross-over study compared with a placebo]. PMID- 7010478 TI - Experimental cryptococcal myocarditis. AB - Rabbits and Wistar rats developed myocarditis after intramyocardial inoculation with Cryptococcus neoformans. Myocardial lesions were observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after the inoculation in all animals. The cardiac lesion consisted of focal necrosis with accompanying lymphocytes, macrophages, and rare fibroblasts in the myocardium. Cryptococcus neoformans itself was found by PAS stain and indirect immunofluorescence stain by the 2nd week after the inoculation. Maximal cardiac lesions were observed in the 2nd week and thereafter, the lesions showed progressive scarring. In the 9th week there were fibrotic lesions, and we were not able to demonstrated cryptococcal antigens in these lesions. Fungemia and antibody for Cryptococcus neoformans were not found over the entire period. Cryptococcal meningeal lesions were observed in all animals. In the animals given an intramyocardial inoculation of saline, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens there were no myocardial lesions. The relationship of this experimental cryptococcal myocarditis and fungal endocarditis in humans is discussed. PMID- 7010480 TI - [Hydrogen clearance method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010479 TI - Effect of ATP-MgCl2 treatment on kidney preservation and on recovery of graft function. AB - The effect of ATP-MgCl2 treatment was investigated on the biochemical changes of preserved kidneys and on the functional recovery of hypoxically damaged and autotransplanted canine kidneys. We observed that ATP-MgCl2 administered before or during simple hypothermic storage did not protect the integrity of preserved kidney cells, as measured by enzyme wash-out (LDH and NAG) or by lactate release. If the compound was administered after 120 min or 180 min clamping of the renal artery, the solitary kidney showed a faster regeneration as measured by changes in serum creatinine level. The survival rates were significantly higher in the treated groups. Without warm ischemia of the kidney all of the autotransplanted dogs survived after surgery. After 60 min of warm ischemia the mortality rate was 100%, and the mean survival time in average 5 days. If ATP-MgCl2 was administered after the 60 min of warm ischemia, an improved recovery of the graft function was observed PMID- 7010481 TI - Abortive infection by bacteriophage T7 of an Escherichia coli strain in which no viral proteins are synthesized. PMID- 7010482 TI - [Dimorphism in Candida albicans initiation factor(s) in germ tube formation]. PMID- 7010483 TI - [Fiftieth anniversary of Revista Chilena de Pediatria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010484 TI - [Fiftieth anniversary of the Catholic University's Medical School (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010486 TI - [Recollections of the past. Ambroise Pare did not invent the vascular ligature in surgery]. PMID- 7010487 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities]. PMID- 7010485 TI - [Psychiatric care in Chile during the last quarter of the nineteenth century (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010488 TI - [Metabolic and hormonal adaptation of normal and diabetic subjects to muscular exercise]. PMID- 7010490 TI - [The Hippocratic Oath: analysis of the whole]. PMID- 7010489 TI - [Physiopathologic bases of arthrosis treatment]. PMID- 7010491 TI - [There were 3! Jaques-Louis Reverdin, Jean-Louis Prevost and Constant Picot, founders of the Revue medicale de la Suisse romande. Recollection of the birth of a medical journal and biographical sketch of its first editors]. PMID- 7010492 TI - [French-speaking Switzerland and Prof. Eric Martin]. PMID- 7010493 TI - [Variola]. PMID- 7010494 TI - [The political good and evil of a federal law on epidemics]. PMID- 7010495 TI - [Comments on Gustave Julliard's articles. Pyo-stercoral fistula--laparotomy and suture of the intestine--cure by primary purpose. Hernio-laparotomy--resection of 18 centimeters of intestine--recovery]. PMID- 7010496 TI - [Comments on Jaques-Louis Reverdin's article: "Current operations for the radical treatment of hernia"]. PMID- 7010497 TI - [The formation of paradoxical thrombin and emboli by an interauricular shunt. Comments on F. Wilh, Zahn's articles: Thrombus formation, current status of this problem. Thrombosis of several branches of the inferior vena cava with consecutive emboli in the pulmonary, splenic, renal and right iliac arteries]. PMID- 7010498 TI - [Paul Broca (1824-1880)]. PMID- 7010499 TI - [Description and scanographic study of Leborgne's brain. Broca's discovery]. PMID- 7010500 TI - [Broca's aphasia. The neurologic phoenix]. PMID- 7010501 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlations in aphasia. The language area]. PMID- 7010502 TI - [Broca's region: anatomic remarks made a century after the death of its discoverer]. PMID- 7010503 TI - [Linguistics and aphasia. Value of a dynamic approach to aphasic language]. PMID- 7010505 TI - [Round-table conference: Impression materials in fixed prostheses. Meeting of 18 May 1979]. PMID- 7010504 TI - [Bibliography of P. Broca's works devoted to aphasia]. PMID- 7010506 TI - Sleep and aging. PMID- 7010507 TI - [Walter R. Hess (1881-1973)]. PMID- 7010508 TI - Event-related slow (DC) potentials in the human brain. PMID- 7010509 TI - Neural organisation and control of the baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 7010510 TI - Automated complement fixation test for the detection of anti-trypanosoma cruzi antibodies. PMID- 7010512 TI - A double-blind cross-over trial of fenoprofen and phenylbutazone in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Fenoprofen, 600 mg, three times daily, was compared with phenylbutazone, 100 mg, three times daily, in 30 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis in a double-blind cross-over study. Assessments were made after an initial washout period and after each month-long treatment period. Phenylbutazone significantly improved morning stiffness, finger-to-floor distance, chest expansion, overall joint pain, spinal pain, the physician's assessment of disease activity and ESR. Only chest expansion was significantly improved by fenoprofen, and phenylbutazone was significantly better than fenoprofen in its effects on finger-to-floor distance, morning stiffness, overall joint pain, spinal pain and the physician's assessment of disease activity. Side-effects were of a minor nature apart from one patient who developed rectal bleeding on phenylbutazone which recurred on rechallenging. PMID- 7010511 TI - Intra-articular steroids in osteoarthritis. AB - Intra-articular steroid therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee has been reassessed by two placebo-controlled trials of 20 mg of triamcinalone hexacetonide in 48 joints. Steroid injections caused a significantly greater reduction in pain and tenderness than placebo, and were preferred by patients. However, the benefits were small and transient. Maximum pain reduction occurred one week after injection, and was accompanied by a fall in the thermographic index suggesting an anti-inflammatory mode of action. Synovial fluid was unafffected by injections, and there was no correlation between synovial fluid cell counts or the radiological grading, and the degree of pain reduction. PMID- 7010513 TI - Human IgG subclasses in health and disease. (A review). Part II. PMID- 7010515 TI - Budesonide - a new nasal steroid. AB - 39 patients with seasonal rhinitis entered a double-blind study comparing nasal sprays of budesonide 400 micrograms/day and placebo. Symptoms were assessed over a treatment of of three weeks. There were statistically significant differences in favour of the active spray on all measures of assessment. Side effects were mild and the incidence was negligible. PMID- 7010516 TI - [Intensive care in 1981]. PMID- 7010514 TI - Radionuclide biokinetics and internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine. AB - In this review the present status of internal dosimetry for radiopharmaceuticals is summarized. Basic concepts of calculating the age-dependent mean tissue dose and the distribution of the local tissue dose are presented together with the fundamentals of biokinetics. Based on these dosimetric and biokinetic concepts, values of the absorbed dose for numerous radiopharmaceuticals are compiled. The accuracy of internal dose calculations is discussed quantitatively. PMID- 7010517 TI - [Clinical applications of enzyme-immunoassay of rheumatoid factor]. AB - The authors describe a method of enzymo-immunological estimation of rheumatoid factor. This estimation, of non-competitive type, includes 3 stages : the rheumatoid factor is first extracted from the serum by fixation on the aggregated IgG linked to cellulose powder; then its presence is revealed by fixation of an oxidase IgG glucose conjugate on the solid phase; finally, the enzyme activity linked to the solid phase is measured. This activity is directly related to the concentration of rheumatoid factor present. The estimation, carried out on 2 050 patients including 114 with rheumatoid arthritis, is well correlated with technic of the Rose-Waaler reaction. Furthermore, the greater sensitivity, the better reproducibility and the quantitative character of this method might improve the supervision of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7010518 TI - [Enzymo-immunologic determination of the class of antiglobulin factors]. AB - The authors describe an enzymo-immunologic method of determination of the class of rheumatoid factors (RF). This technic includes 3 main stages : 1) extraction of RF by fixation on aggregated rabbit IgG previously adsorbed on the walls of a plastic tube; 2) recognition of RF linked to the solid phase by anti-IgG addition, and addition of human IgA and IgM linked to glucose oxidase; 3) revelation of the enzyme activity linked to the solid phase : this enzyme activity directly depends on the levels of RF to be estimated. The results are expressed as a percentage of the fixation of a reference serum obtained from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This serum presents an antiglobulin activity in the 3 major classes of immunoglobulins. The coefficients of variation of intra- and intersystem reproductibility lay between 5,6 and 17.8%. The specificity of the estimation was controlled by the localisation of the antiglobulin activity of the sera after chromatography on Sephadex G200 and by estimation of RF after their absorption by an aggregated IgG immunoadsorbant. This technic was applied to the identification of RF in RA (90 cases); in diseases not related to RA and in control subjects : the sensitivity of this method appears greater than that of technics previously described (immuno fluorescence, Rose-Waaler reaction) in fact, only 12,2% of sera of patients with RA remain negative with this new test. However, this greater sensitivity does not seem to have altered the clinical specificity of the test : in fact, only 8,4% of the sera of patients with diseases unrelated to RA are positive by this method, which, moreover, may be explained by the age of these subjects (average age 71.5 years). PMID- 7010519 TI - Chlorprothixene drops in clinical practice. PMID- 7010521 TI - The role of phospholipase A in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7010520 TI - The retinol-binding protein. AB - Vitamin A is transported from its storage site in the liver to the epithelial tissues by a carrier protein, the Retinol-binding protein (RBP). In plasma RBP forms a complex with thyroxine-binding prealbumin. The present article reviews available data on the RBP system. The complete primary structure of RBP has been determined. The plasma concentration of RBP is regulated by the vitamin A status so that in vitamin A deficiency RBP molecules are not secreted from the liver. RBP molecules interact with a cell membrane receptor, probably a protein component present on epithelial cells. Vitamin A is thereby delivered to the cells. The uptake of vitamin A by the cells causes a reduction of the affinity of RBP for prealbumin. The RBP molecules which no longer are able to interact efficiently with prealbumin are excreted through the kidney glomerulus and degraded. PMID- 7010522 TI - The effect of topical N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in ulcerative colitis. AB - In a double-blind controlled therapeutic trial, retention enemas of N-acetyl-5 aminosalicylic acid (Ac-5-ASA) were compared with dummy enemas in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Forty patients were studied, each patient taking one test enema twice a day for 2 weeks. Seventeen of the patients had a mild clinical attack of the disease; the 23 others had sigmoidoscopic evidence of active inflammation although they were in clinical remission. Histological and sigmoidoscopic improvement were significantly commoner in the patients receiving the active treatment than in those taking the dummy preparation. Pronounced histological improvement was only seen in patients taking the Ac-5-ASA enemas. In those patients who had clinical attacks of ulcerative colitis at the start of the study, symptomatic improvement was commoner in the group treated with Ac-5-ASA enemas than in those who received placebo therapy. Ac-5-ASA resembles 5 aminosalicylic acid in its effect on the inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis. Further studies into other substituted salicylates may lead to the development of an effective oral agent that does not carry the side effects associated with the sulphapyridine moiety of sulphasalazine. PMID- 7010523 TI - Prognostic value of the pentagastrin and insulin tests after proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - A review was made of 72 patients 3--6 years after proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage operation for duodenal ulcer. To assess the prognostic value of gastric acid secretory analyses, the correlation between the clinical results and the pentagastrin and insulin tests made preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively was determined. The preoperative secretory analyses showed no such correlation. Comparing recurrences and non-recurrences, only the basal acid output 2 months postoperatively showed any discriminatory ability, 2 mmol/h representing the critical level. When clinically satisfactory and clinically unsatisfactory patients were compared, the insulin-stimulated acid output and peak acid concentration 0--45 min after stimulation, in addition to the basal acid concentration and output, had statistically significant discriminatory levels. There was no correlation between the clinical results and seven different criteria for positive insulin response. PMID- 7010524 TI - The effect of antral distension on the endocrine pancreas in man. AB - Isolated antral distension by a 150 cm3 balloon in man significantly elevated the plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon in portal venous blood. The concentrations of plasma pancreatic glucagon, plasma insulin, and plasma glucose were unchanged in peripheral venous blood during antral distension with or without a background infusion of pentagastrin. Antral distension significantly increased the plasma concentration of pancreatic polypeptide in peripheral venous blood. Antral distension also inhibited basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in healthy subjects. The release of pancreatic hormones evoked by antral distension cannot explain the concomitant inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The results support and extend the concept of a gastro pancreatic reflex to the endocrine part of the pancreas with release of at least pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. PMID- 7010525 TI - Peptidase activities in the functioning jejunum and ileum before and after jejunoileal bypass in morbid obesity. AB - Different peptidase activities were studied preoperatively and postoperatively on intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Preoperatively the activities of the brush border peptidases, microvillus aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.X), were lowest at the ligament of Treitz and highest in the distal ileum. The activity of the other brush border peptidase studied, the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2), had a maximum at proximal jejunum, like the two cytosol dipeptidases glycyl-leucine dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.2) and proline dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.9). Postoperative changes in peptidase activities were most pronounced in the ileal part of the shunt, whereas changes were small in the jejunal part. The most conspicuous finding was a significant increase in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the ileum. There was also tendency to an increase of the cytosol dipeptidases in the ileum. In contrast, the activity of microvillus aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the ileum had a tendency to decrease. PMID- 7010526 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin release after small-bowel resection in man. AB - Fifteen patients in whom various parts of the small intestine had been resected because of Crohn's disease or mesenteric thrombosis and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. A 50-g oral glucose load (OGTT) and an intravenous glucose infusion giving the same plasma glucose profile as the OGTT were carried out to study (a) the relation between the plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels after oral glucose and the length and nature of the intestinal residues and (b) the importance of endogenous GIP as an incretin in man. The magnitude of the increase in plasma GIP after oral glucose load was positively correlated to the length of residual jejunum. The incretin effect was positively correlated to the length of residual intestine. Patients with preserved ileal residues had larger incretin effects than patients with less than 150 cm jejunal residues and no ileal residues, although the integrated increases in plasma GIP after oral glucose were equal. Compared with healthy volunteers, the patients with more than 150 cm residual jejunum had significantly higher increases in plasma GIP and normal incretin effects. The GIP release and the incretin effect in patients with preserved ileal residues were normal. The incretin effect of the patients with less than 150 cm jejunum was significantly subnormal in spite of a normal GIP release. These findings indicate that the upper intestine releases GIP after oral glucose and that other as yet unknown intestinal hormonal factors act as incretins in concert with GIP. PMID- 7010527 TI - Controlled trial of carbenoxolone sodium vs. cimetidine in duodenal ulcer. AB - The healing-rate of duodenal ulcer after short-term treatment with carbenoxolone was not significantly different from that after treatment with cimetidine. There seems to be no evidence of a significant difference in the tendency of duodenal ulceration to relapse following successful short-term therapy with either treatment. In the case of cimetidine treatment the rate of 58% relapse within 12 months after withdrawal of the drug corresponds well to the data of other authors (3, 19) and does not exceed the relapse rate during placebo medication. The post treatment relapse study was markedly hampered by a low compliance of patients to cooperate in the long-term follow-up. The drop-out rate was greater in patients previously treated with carbenoxolone than in those of the cimetidine group. PMID- 7010528 TI - The influence of amiloride on the therapeutic and metabolic effects of carbenoxolone in patients with gastric ulcer. A double-blind controlled trial. AB - Patients with benign gastric ulcer were treated for four weeks with carbenoxolone sodium as Biogastrone tablets 100 mg three times a day, and if the ulcers were not healed at 4 weeks treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks. Fifty two patients entered the trial, and 12 were withdrawn. In 17 patients who were randomly allotted double-blind additional dummy tablets 16 of their ulcer healed completely endoscopically, whereas of the 23 patients given additional amiloride 5 mg three times a day only 14 ulcers healed, a significant reduction in ulcer healing. The clinical (weight gain and oedema) and metabolic (hypertension, hypokalaemia and hypernatraemia) side-effects were reduced by the active amiloride therapy, but serum carbenoxolone levels were not affected. Thus the potassium-retaining diuretic amiloride, like the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, markedly reduces both the ulcer-healing and the metabolic side effects of carbenoxolone sodium, and should not be used together with it in the treatment of peptic ulcer. PMID- 7010529 TI - Carbenoxolone patients with gastric ulcers. A double-blind trial. AB - Carbenoxolone was compared with placebo in a randomised double-blind study involving 40 patients with gastric ulcer (20 each in the treated and placebo groups). The evaluation was based on eight variables. The endoscopic findings on completion of 4 or 6 weeks of treatment, revealed greater improvement in response to carbenoxolone than to placebo. The difference was statistically significant at the previously fixed level of significance of p less than 0.05. The plasma potassium level fell significantly in the treated group but the actual reduction of 7% was slight. No statistically significant differences were measured in any of the other variables, i.e. plasma sodium, SGOT, SGPT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, bodyweight, or oedema formation. PMID- 7010530 TI - The effectiveness of carbenoxolone in the treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcer patients. AB - A double-blind clinical study was carried out in 70 patients with the preparations Biogastrone and Biogastrone-Duodenal (Duogastrone) or Placebo. The group comprised 42 men and 28 women aged between 19 and 64 years. Twenty four patients had gastric ulcer and 46 patients duodenal ulcer. The intensity of pain, dyspepsia, the rate of healing of the ulcer niche using endoscopic assessment were used to assess efficacy. The effect on the secretory function, blood electrolyte changes and the process of the ulcer regeneration were also studied. The tolerance and the appearance of side-effects were carefully observed. Biogastrone and Biogastrone-Duodenal were administered in daily doses of 300 mg for the first week, followed by 150 mg over the following weeks. Patients given placebo treatment received identical dummy tablets or capsules. Endoscopic assessment showed a healing rate of over 70% in both gastric and duodenal ulcer, healing occurred usually between 3-5 weeks. About 36% placebo healing was observed in both types of ulcer. The preparations were well tolerated and side effects seldom observed. These results show that Biogastrone and Biogastrone Duodenal are efficient preparations in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7010531 TI - Carbenoxolone (duogastrone) and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer--a therapeutic trial. AB - A double-blind, double-dummy trial to compare carbenoxolone (Duogastrone) with cimetidine has been carried out in patients with duodenal ulcer. Sixty patients completed the six week trial period, 31 patients were treated with carbenoxolone and 29 with cimetidine. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, smoking habits and alcohol intake. There were no significant differences between groups during the trial period with respect to symptomatic relief and antacid consumption. Endoscopy after six weeks of therapy showed healing in 61% of patients receiving carbenoxolone and 72% in those receiving cimetidine, a difference which is not significant. No serious side-effects occurred with either drug. PMID- 7010532 TI - Interaction of cytopathogenic toxin from Clostridium difficile with cells in tissue culture. AB - Partially purified cytopathogenic toxin from Clostridium difficile induced morphological changes in five cell lines in tissue culture. The relative sensitivity scale of the cell lines was human lung and intestinal fibroblasts greater than Chinese hamster ovary cells much greater than mouse adrenal cells greater than mouse neuroblastoma cells. The cytopathogenic effect did not occur in toxin-treated lung fibroblasts incubated at 0 degree C. Pre-incubation of lung fibroblasts with 2,4-dinitrophenol prevented the cytopathogenic effect. The toxin bound to as yet unidentified receptors at the surface of human lung and intestinal fibroblasts. The toxin-induced morphological (actinomorphic) changes in lung and intestinal fibroblasts closely resembled the effects induced by the fungal metabolite cytochalasin B (CB), which is known to disrupt microfilaments reversibly. Indirect immunofluorescence with anti-actin antiserum demonstrated that the C. difficile toxin disrupted the straight actin filament bundles seen in normal fibroblasts. The cytopathogenic effect became apparent 3--5 h after exposure to toxin. However, irreversible intoxication occurred already within 20 min of exposure, as toxin-treated fibroblasts which were trypsinized and reseeded were not able to attach to the solid substratum and regenerate their typical shape, a process requiring reorganization of actin into microfilament bundles. Two possible different modes of action of the toxin, leading to microfilament disruption, are suggested: 1) Transmembrane signal by surface-bound toxin via microfilament-linked integral membrane protein(s) and 2) Penetration of surface bound whole toxin or an active fragment, followed by its intracellular action. The experimental evidence so far is consistent with either of these mechanisms. PMID- 7010533 TI - Therapeutic trials of antibiotic associated colitis. AB - Since September 1977 we have seen 63 patients with Clostridium difficile and a faecal toxin, but only 33 had histological evidence of pseudomembranous colitis. We have conducted separate double blind trials of an antibiotic, vancomycin and an anion-exchange resin, colestipol, in patients with post-operative diarrhoea. Vancomycin was extremely effective at eradicating the organism and its faecal toxin. These changes were associated with a marked symptomatic improvement. Colestipol proved ineffective in absorbing the faecal toxin and caused no change in numbers of Clostridial difficile. There was no associated symptomatic response. Neither drug had any effect on diarrhoea not related to Clostridium difficile. A carrier state was created by those patients who continued to excrete the organism after Colestipol or placebo treatment. This was eradicated by subsequent treatment with vancomycin. Our brief experience with metronidazole is discussed and a rational basis for treatment advocated. PMID- 7010534 TI - Clinical experience with cefamandole in pneumonia. AB - The efficacy and patient acceptance of i.m. cefamandole 1 000 mg 8 h and 500 mg 8 h, were compared in the treatment of assumed community-acquired pneumonia in 59 hospitalized adult patients. Of 31 patients treated with 1 000 mg 8 h, 94% had a satisfactory clinical response with a 13% bacteriological failure rate. Of 28 patients treated with 500 mg 8 h, 89% had a satisfactory clinical response with a 60% bacteriological failure rate. The only side effect registered was pain at the injection site after doses of more than 1 000 mg. The pain could be eliminated by the addition of 0.5 ml of lidocaine to the drug solution before injection. PMID- 7010536 TI - Cefamandole as a prophylactic in cardiac surgery. AB - 140 cases of patients requiring sternotomy incisions were divided into two groups receiving Penicillin/Flucloxacillin and Cefamandole prophylaxis. Pre- and post operative and bypass circuit bacteriology was performed to determine the extent of contamination and infection with each regime after operations lasting 7 or more hours. Unexpectedly high contamination of the respiratory tract was observed in patients receiving Penicillin/Flucloxacillin prophylaxis. Significantly higher Slesser Intensive Therapy Unit stays were observed in 8 of these patients, 3 of whom succumbed to chest infection associated pathology. The 50% resistant organism rate in the Cefa group (Table IV) suggests that short sharp course prophylaxis (i.e. less than 48 hours) using wide spectrum antibiotics is effective and does not necessarily promote emergence of resistant organisms over or above that of any narrow spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis. Acceptably low wound infection rates in both groups suggests that wound healing (aided by iodine sprays topically before closure) is more dependent on closing technique than on type of antibiotic prophylaxis. The very similar bacteriaemia rates, with odd organisms, in both groups in the immediate post-operative period suggests that vigilance and frequent post-operative blood cultures are a surer policy in the prevention and treatment of early endocarditis than faith in any particular antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 7010535 TI - Cefamandole treatment of pulmonary infection caused by gram-negative rods. AB - The increasing incidence of pneumonia caused by H. influenza and the problem of beta lactamase production (18% of strains in recent reports) are important considerations in the therapy of pneumonia. An antibiotic that is effective for these strains and other common respiratory pathogens will be useful for the therapy of pneumonia. Cefamandole nafate is a new cephalosporin antibiotic with an antimicrobial spectrum similar to cephalothin with increased activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Haemophilus influenzae. Seventeen patients with pneumonia presumed to be due to susceptible gram-negative organisms isolated from transtracheal aspirate or sputum were treated with 6 to 8 g/day of parenteral cefamandole nafate. Organisms isolated were Haemophilus influenzae in 6, E. coli in 3, Proteus mirabilis in 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1, Serratia marcescens in 1 and mixed gram-negative rods in 4. The Serratia were resistant (MIC greater than 100 microgram/ml and 50 microgram/ml): other MIC's ranged from 0.2 to 6.2 microgram/ml; median 1.6 microgram/ml. Satisfactory clinical response (improvement in pulmonary function; resolution of infiltrate; decrease in temperature, sputum production and white count) was noted in 13 of 17 patients. Two patients died from their underlying disease. Adverse clinical reactions questionably related to cefamandole included SGOT rises in 3 and rash in one. Serum antibiotic levels were 22.0 to 88.0 microgram/ml (peak) and 1.1 to 12.5 microgram/ml (trough). Sputum levels were 0.27 to 2.5 microgram/ml. Cefamandole appears to be an effective antibiotic for treatment of gram-negative pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms. PMID- 7010537 TI - Susceptibility to penicillins and cephalosporins in beta-lactamase producing strains of E. coli and relative amount of beta-lactamase produced from these strains. AB - The genetic and physiological mechanisms for affecting the amount of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of Escherichia coli K 12 was reviewed. The presence of clinical E. coli isolates with elevated beta-lactamase production was assessed. Among cephalothin resistant isolates from patients with urinary tract infections, six E. coli strains were found to produce elevated amounts of a beta lactamase indistinguishable from that coded by the ampC gene of E. coli K 12. The resistance levels displayed by these isolates towards a number of beta-lactams was very high as compared to E. coli strains being wild type for chromosomal beta lactamase production. Cefuroxime and to lesser extent cefamandole were stable to hydrolysis by E. coli chromosomal beta-lactamase but acted as inhibitors of the enzyme. Nevertheless increased beta-lactamase production mediated an increased resistance towards these drugs. PMID- 7010538 TI - Further comparisons between cefuroxime and cefamandole in its in vitro activity. PMID- 7010539 TI - Treatment of serious skin and soft tissue infections with cefamandole. PMID- 7010541 TI - The treatment of serious anaerobic infections. AB - Thirty-one adult patients with infections due to anaerobic bacteria were treated with cefamandole. Bacteroides fragilis group (17) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (13) were the most frequent anaerobes isolated. Duration of therapy varied from 2 to 49 days. Results were judged satisfactory in 26 cases, and unsatisfactory in 1 case. Four cases could not be evaluated. Adverse reactions occurred in 16 patients and included positive direct Coomb's test without hemolysis, transient liver function abnormalities, phlebitis, reversible neutropenia, fever, eosinophilia, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The more significant reactions were associated with prolonged therapy. None was lethal. These data suggest that cefamandole is effective in treatment of most anaerobic infections. PMID- 7010540 TI - Cefamandole for treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. AB - Cefamandole nafate has been shown to have good in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic pathogens frequently isolated from women with obstetrical and gynecological infections. One hundred and twenty seven women with these infections were treated with cefamandole: 78 had post-cesarean section metritis; 24 acute pelvic inflammatory disease; 18 post-hysterectomy cuff cellulitis/abscess; and 7 had vulvar or abdominal wound abscesses. All but 13% of these women had either polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic bacterial infections, or had an anaerobic infection alone. Of these 127 women, 116 responded to cefamandole administration alone, and in the other 11 chloramphenicol was added. Of these 11, surgical therapy was necessary to eradicate infection in six women. Phlebitis, mild to severe, was demonstrated in 14% of the women and responded to conservative measures. Of 402 bacterial isolates from these women, 94% were sensitive to cefamandole at 32 microgram/ml, an easily achievable serum level. Anaerobic streptococci were the most common isolate and 94% of these organisms were sensitive at 32 microgram/ml. Of the 43 Bacteroides species isolated, 90% were susceptible at 32 microgram/ml; 84% of Bacteroides fragilis were susceptible ast this concentration. Data now presented indicate that cefamandole given alone is safe and effective for treatment of women with polymicrobial mixed aerobic/anaerobic pelvic infections and approximately 5% will require surgical therapy for eradication of these infections. PMID- 7010542 TI - Cefamandole in the treatment of serious bone and joint diseases. AB - The safety and efficacy of treatment with cefamandole were evaluated in 77 patients (from 33 institutions) with serious bone and joint infections. The antibiotic was given intramuscularly or intravenously in doses ranging from 1.5 to 12 g/day for 6 to 58 days. Seventy-three of the 77 patients responded satisfactorily, and 63 (of 70 from whom material for culture was obtainable) patients had a bacteriologic cure. Forty-one of 81 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Other pathogens included Streptococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, aerobic and anaerobic cocci, as well as Bacteroides fragilis. The drug was well tolerated. Pharmacological studies indicated that cefamandole penetrated the bones and joints. Cefamandole would seem to be a safe and efficacious drug, for the treatment of serious bone and joint infections due to a wide variety of gram positive and gram-negative microorganisms. PMID- 7010543 TI - Cefamandole--effectiveness against anaerobes: supplementary remarks. PMID- 7010544 TI - Cefamandole alone and combined with gentamicin or tobramycin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. AB - Ninety-four cases of pyelonephritis including 20 who had concurrent bacteremia were treated with cefamandole alone or in combination with either gentamicin or tobramycin. Doses of cefamandole ranged from 1--2 g by intermittent intravenous (VI) infusion every 4 to 8 h; gentamicin and tobramycin doses ranged from 1--1.7 mg/kg every 8 h also by intermittent IV infusion. Duration of therapy ranged from 5 to 23 days (mean 7.3 days). Both single and combination therapy successfully treated acute pyelonephritis and bacteremia in all patients. Seven strains of E. coli and one of Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for initial infection were resistant to cephalothin but sensitive to cefamandole. Relapse with cefamandole sensitive bacteria occurred in 27% of patients receiving only cefamandole and 8% of those patients receiving combination therapy. Reinfection with cefamandole resistant organisms, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in five patients. One patient had an intrarenal abscess due to E. coli which was successfully treated with 23 days of cefamandole. One patient died. However, death was due to acute pulmonary embolism, not infection. None of the patients receiving cefamandole plus gentamicin or tobramycin experienced a significant decrease in creatinine clearance during or after therapy. Skin rash, mild thrombophlebitis at the IV site and transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase and SGOT were the only side effects noted. PMID- 7010545 TI - Clinical review of the aminoglycosides. PMID- 7010548 TI - Netilmicin: clinical pharmacokinetics and aspects on dosage schedules. An overview. PMID- 7010546 TI - Netilmicin in moderate to severe infections in newborns and infants: a study of efficacy, tolerance and pharmacokinetics. AB - 49 newborns and infants were treated with netilmicin for verified or suspected infections. Infection was verified in 23 patients (mean gestational age 32 weeks and mean body weight 2100 g) and clinical cure or marked improvement occurred in 20 of these. Of the remaining 3 patients, 2 died, partly due to reasons unassociated with infection. 25 causative organisms were isolated and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 73% of the cases. At an average dose of 2.6 mg/kg twice a day, peak serum concentrations (30 min following injection) were 7.4 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml. Serum half life was approximately 4.5 hours for infants born at term, and longer at shorter gestational age. Netilmicin is considered a safe and efficient aminoglycoside with a low rate of adverse effects. PMID- 7010547 TI - Netilmicin: chemical development and overview of clinical research. AB - Netilmicin is a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside which was developed by Schering Corporation, USA, for the treatment of serious gram-negative and staphylococcal infections. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in animal studies have indicated that netilmicin is both quantitatively and qualitatively safer than other aminoglycosides. Also, netilmicin has a broader spectrum of activity than either gentamicin or tobramycin. 37 clinical studies were conducted by 29 investigators in 10 countries. 840 courses of treatment in 960 infection sites were analyzed for effectiveness. Of the 724 courses in which a clinical determination could be made, 91% had either complete resolution or improvement. Bacteriologic responses were available for 782 infecting organisms and showed an 82% elimination rate. The pharmacokinetic profile of netilmicin permits twice daily administration in most patients with systemic infections and in all patients with urinary tract infections. The clinical safety of netilmicin was measured in 890 evaluable treatment courses, and only 0.4% auditory reactions, 0.6% vestibular reactions, and 0.9% renal reactions were considered to be probably netilmicin related, when netilmicin was given as recommended. PMID- 7010549 TI - The effect of netilmicin and other aminoglycosides on renal function. A survey of the literature on the nephrotoxicity of netilmicin. AB - The antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are all potentially nephrotoxic. Aminoglycosides are exclusively excreted via the kidneys by glomerular filtration. On passing the proximal tubular cells of the nephron, an active reabsorption and intracellular concentration, 10-20 times the serum concentration, take place. Aminoglycosides are trapped in the lysozymes and inhibit cell metabolism. Functional changes are at first discrete, comprising polyuria, slight proteinuria, enzymuria and glycosuria. With more progressive changes the glomerular filtration rate decreases, followed by increased blood urea and serum-creatinine. The urine contains protein, casts and shedded tubular cells. Ultimately, but rarely, oligo-anuric renal failure may be encountered. Compared with gentamicin, the newer aminoglycosides, amikacin, tobramycin and netilmicin show in animal experiments a decreasing nephrotoxicity in the mentioned order. Extensive studies have demonstrated that netilmicin may be the drug with the least nephrotoxic potential. Clinical studies confirm that netilmicin is less nephrotoxic than gentamicin and compares favourably with tobramycin and amikacin. A survey of the literature is given. PMID- 7010550 TI - Influence of bacterial toxins on immune mechanisms. PMID- 7010551 TI - The secretory IgA system and mucosal defence. PMID- 7010552 TI - The effects of lipopolysaccharides on the association of Salmonella typhimurium with HeLa cells. AB - Monolayers of HeLa cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or alkali treated lipopolysaccharide (aLPS) from Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS (wild) and MR10 (chemotype Rd), and the effects on subsequent adhesion of MS and R10 bacteria determined. R10 LPS increased the adhesion of both R10 and MS bacteria; more so for R10. MS aLPS increased the adhesion of R10 bacteria and to some extent of MS. MS LPS and R10 aLPS had only small effects. Significant inhibition of bacterial adhesion could not be found with any of the LPS preparations used. aLPS had greater affinity than LPS for HeLa cells. HeLa cells did not lose viability after treatment with LPS or aLPS. These results indicate that LPS and aLPS may change the properties of the HeLa cell surface and expose areas amenable to interact with bacteria. PMID- 7010553 TI - Glycosphingolipids of human urinary tract epithelial cells as possible receptors for adhering Escherichia coli bacteria. PMID- 7010554 TI - Hydrophobic surface properties of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) with different colonization factors (CFA/i, CFA/ii, K88 and K99) and attachment to intestinal epithelial cells. PMID- 7010555 TI - Influence of antimicrobial agents on host-parasite interactions. PMID- 7010556 TI - Bacterial defence against antibiotics. PMID- 7010557 TI - Antibiotic-host defence interactions in vitro and in vivo. AB - A markedly depressed chemotaxis was detected with an agarose gel technique when human leucocytes were incubated with fusidic acid and rifampicin in clinically obtainable concentrations. At high concentrations of newer well absorbed tetracyclines there was a definite depression and a less pronounced inhibition was detected for classical tetracycline. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into a trichloroacetic-acid insoluble form by human neutrophils was markedly depressed by the same antibiotics and it is suggested that some antibiotics acting by inhibition of protein synthesis also affect chemotaxis of human neutrophils. At therapeutic concentrations fusidic acid and rifampicin had a pronounced inhibiting effect on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by human T-lymphocytes stimulated by PHA and B-lymphocytes by S. aurens, Cowan I. At concentrations above the therapeutic level inhibition was detected for doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and nitrofurantoin. No apparent inhibition of neither chemotaxis by human neutrophils nor thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes could be detected for penicillins, cephalosporins, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Due to high albumin binding for some of the tested antibiotics and other factors involved, experiments were performed to test whether depression also takes place in vivo. The cellular immunity in mice was registered by monitoring the survival of transplanted heart grafts and the humoral immunity by quantitating plaque-forming cells and by titration of antibodies after immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Fusidic acid (500 mg/kg/day) and rifampicin (20 mg/kg/day, human therapeutic dose) had a highly significant effect (P less than 0.001) on the rejection of heart grafts and plaque-forming cells while the effect o serum antibodies was of low significance (P less than 0.02--P less than 0.01). The effect of doxycycline (2.5 mg/kg/day) and fusidic acid (25 mg/kg/day) at human therapeutic dose on immunity in mice was slight but significant (P less than 0.02). The relevance of experiments in mice to the situation in man is discussed. The migration of neutrophils into a skin chamber was shown to be dramatically reduced in eight healthy volunteers during a standard regimen of doxycycline. PMID- 7010558 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli 06 infection in mice. II. Protective factors of immunity after immunosuppression. AB - The increase of the resistance against intraperitoneal (i.p.) Escherichia coli to infection was studied in immunized mice with or without immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (Cy), or/and niridazole (Nir). These agents suppress antibody formation and T-cell mediated immunity respectively. An infection system was utilized permitting exclusive study of immunity against the 06 antigen. The antibody titers in serum were recorded with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. The following findings were made: (1) One immunization resulted in protection against i.p. E. coli 06 infection as well as in antibody titers measured with the ELISA. Two immunizations given with a 30-day interval increased the noted levels even more. (2) The resistance to infection after one immunization was fully transferable with immune serum; the resistance after two immunizations was not fully transferable with immune serum. (3) Treatment with cyclophosphamide diminished the antibody formation after immunization but not the resistance to infection. The resistance raised by one immunization was transferable by immune serum from immunosuppressed animals; the resistance raised by two immunizations was partly transferable bny such immune. (4) Treatment with niridazole, which inhibits T-cell mediated immunity, did not alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide affect the resistance pattern after immunization. PMID- 7010559 TI - Complement in host defense. PMID- 7010560 TI - Protective effect of immunization with Salmonella minnesota Re 595 against ascending Escherichia coli O6K13H1 pyelonephritis in rats. AB - Active as well as passive immunization with formalin-killed S. minnesota Re 595 bacteria protected against experimental, ascending pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6K13H1 in rats. Absorption of the hyperimmune sera with Re antigen before passively given did not eliminate the protective effect. The specificity of protective antibodies is discussed. PMID- 7010561 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity to mycobacterial antigens without protective immunity: a failure to produce the right specificity or the right type of immune reaction? PMID- 7010562 TI - Unspecific host defence. PMID- 7010563 TI - A rapid method of leukocytic bactericidal activity (LBA). PMID- 7010564 TI - Hyaluronic acid stimulates neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo. A review of experimental results and a presentation of a preliminary clinical trial. AB - Hyaluronic acid (HA) stimulates normal neutrophil function both in vitro and in vivo Stimulation was also achieved by subcutaneous administration of HA to patients with extreme susceptibility to bacterial infections. Clinical improvement of some patients was obtained in connection to the administration. It is premature at this time to conclude any therapeutic effect of HA in patients with extreme infection propensity. The data presented here, however, for certain merit further investigation on this matter. PMID- 7010565 TI - Symbiosis between host and microorganisms: neonatal colonization. PMID- 7010566 TI - Symbiosis between host and microorganisms in the oral cavity. PMID- 7010567 TI - Bacterial interference and competition. PMID- 7010568 TI - The adhesion of enterobacteria and the effect of antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. PMID- 7010569 TI - Inlay versus and amalgam restorations. PMID- 7010570 TI - Clinical and metabolic aspects of urinary stone disease in Leeds. AB - In summary, the persistent passage of urine excessively supersaturated with calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate in conjunction with a low level of inhibitory activity increases the risk of abnormal crystalluria and stones in a given individual. Treatment of the disorder must be aimed at correcting the abnormal risk factor(s) in that individual. PMID- 7010571 TI - Mechanisms of stone formation: role of promoters and inhibitors. AB - This paper represents a review on the role played by promoters and inhibitors in the formation of urinary stones. It appears that both mechanisms are, together with the degree of supersaturation, important in the development of urolithiasis. For the promoting activity emphasis has shifted towards the role of crystals of one salt inducing epitactically the precipitation of another salt. For the inhibitors it is important to distinguish the effect on crystal growth and aggregation. While citrate, pyrophosphate and magnesium are probably the most relevant for crystal formation, glycosaminoglycans play the primary role for aggregation. This field is still at its beginnings, and it might be rewarding to focus future investigations both in the laboratory and clinically along these directions. PMID- 7010572 TI - Aspects of the analysis of oxalate in urine - a review. PMID- 7010574 TI - The significance of pH variations in human albumin perfusion media during continuous hypothermic renal perfusion. AB - The variation of pH in perfusate during renal machine perfusion has been regarded exclusively as an effect of kidney metabolism. During preservation of 21 canine kidneys for 48 hours in a Gambro PF-2D machine the pH was measured in the human albumin perfusion medium used, and in control samples stored a 4 degrees C. An increase in pH from 7.21 (+/- 0.03) to 7.66 (+/- 0.10) was found in the machine perfusate. In the stored perfusion medium an increase from 7.21 (+/- 0.03) to 7.43 (+/- 0.20) was measured. We conclude that the pH change in perfusate is not a reliable parameter for the functional state of the kidney unless the spontaneous pH variation in the perfusion medium is simultaneously recorded and a correction made. PMID- 7010575 TI - Biochemistry of articular cartilage in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7010576 TI - Evaluation of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7010577 TI - Electric wheelchair simulator as a man-machine system. AB - The procedure for adapting an electric wheelchair for use by a particular patient has not yet been perfected. This paper describes an attempt to improve this procedure with the aid of computer-aided simulation and must be regarded as a pilot study. In this simulation a bird's-eye view of the movement of the wheelchair is represented on the screen of a display terminal. A procedure that had been worked out beforehand was tested on 16 subjects, including 4 patients who came into consideration for an electric wheelchair. Some procedural and task oriented parameters were investigated. The discussion deals with forms of simulation and the particular influences on the learning effect, among other things. It is concluded that the simulator described may be a useful aid in the evaluation or adaptation of electric wheelchairs, though it does not give all the information needed. Further research is required. PMID- 7010573 TI - Renovascular hypertension treated by autotransplantation. AB - Renal autotransplantation was performed in 16 patients with severe renovascular hypertension. The hypertension was cured in 13 patients, 2 patients were improved and one patient had no benefit. The postoperative function and morphology of the transplanted kidneys remained unchanged. In our view, renal autotransplantation is a valuable method in the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7010578 TI - [Therapy of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - In patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency the treatment of the underlying pulmonary disease is of primary importance. However, many patients often also need symptomatic management to recompensate or stabilize impaired pulmonary gas exchange. The most suitable measures for this purpose are (1) ventilatory support by periodic intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), (2) long-term oxygen administration and (3) respiratory stimulant drugs. IPPB provides good results if restricted to well defined indications (paO2 below 60 mm Hg, paCO2 above 45 mm Hg, forced expiratory volume [FEV1] below 40% of vital capacity or below 1000 ml). Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy for at least 15 h daily prevents the early decompensation of cor pulmonale and improves physical performance. With the introduction of industrial O2-concentrators this form of therapy becomes more practicable and less expensive compared with the conventional method delivering compressed oxygen. However, the indication should be confined to patients with chronic and severe hypoxemia (paO2 below 50 mm Hg), pulmonary hypertension and secondary polycythemia. Respiratory stimulant drugs are useful in protecting patients from central respiratory depression during oxygen breathing. Aminophylline seems to be the most suitable drug simultaneously acting as a bronchodilator and vasodilator in the pulmonary circulation. To achieve a potent stimulant effect, serum theophylline levels above 10 microgram/ml through repeated intravenous administrations of aminophylline are required. Individual differences in the pharmacokinetic action of theophylline may sometimes need drug monitoring to prevent toxic side effects. PMID- 7010579 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension. Inappropriately high plasma aldosterone in young patients with severe hypertension and in older hypertensives]. AB - Both in male (n = 353) and in female patients (n = 211) with essential hypertension supine (basal) plasma renin activity showed an age-dependent significant decrease whereas plasma aldosterone remained almost unchanged in women or was even slightly increased with age in men. In younger hypertensives (15-34 years) a significant inverse correlation between plasma renin activity and mean arterial blood pressure could be observed. On the other hand, middle-aged men (35-50 years) showed a positive relationship between renin and blood pressure whereas in females of the same age group no correlation between these two parameters was found. In older patients (greater than 50 years) of both sexes a positive correlation between renin activity and mean arterial blood pressure was obtained. In all age-groups and in both sexes there was either no correlation, or only a weak (positive) one, between plasma aldosterone and mean arterial blood pressure. These findings suggest that in essential hypertension renin secretion is regulated mainly by blood pressure. The observed sex and age-related differences may be due to changes in the renovascular system. The inappropriately high plasma aldosterone concentrations (compared to the relatively low renin levels) in younger hypertensives with severe hypertension, and in the older population, document disturbed aldosterone secretion which probably contributes to the elevated blood pressure in these patients. PMID- 7010581 TI - [What do we know about periodontology today and how should we utilize this knowledge for our patients' welfare]. PMID- 7010580 TI - [Disturbances of the calcium-phosphorus metabolism and skeletal diseases following kidney transplantation]. AB - 53 patients were followed up for an average of 3 years after renal transplantation for evaluation of disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and skeletal diseases. Postoperative hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia can be related to persistence of hyperparathyroidism when kidney function is restored. Hypercalcemia was observed in 43% of the patients and lasted less than one year in 80% of cases. Transient hypophosphatemia was present in 15%. These abnormalities did not cause clinical symptoms or deterioration of renal function. However, the skeletal diseases are more impressive and in the first place osteopenia. Bone densitometry revealed decreased bone mineral content in two thirds of the females and one fifth of the males. In females the bone density decreased 3.3% during an average observation period of 7 months, but remained constant in males. Renal osteodystrophy is the main cause of the initial osteopenia. The absence of remineralization or the progression of bone losses is related to the initial persistence of hyperparathyroidism and to corticosteroid treatment. According, 12.5% of the patients presented pathological fractures (spine, hip). In 3 patients (5.7%) with reduced transplant function, osteomalacia without hypophosphatemia was observed. 4 patients (7.5%) had osteonecrosis of the femoral head. There was little progression and surgery was not necessary. PMID- 7010582 TI - [Free mucosal graft: sutured versus glued]. PMID- 7010583 TI - [Conservative and surgical measures to restore temporomandibular joint function and new possibilities and methods for bridging defects in the mandible]. PMID- 7010584 TI - [Pulp and dentin protection with respect to adhesive filling by acid etching. I. In vitro controls]. PMID- 7010585 TI - [Dowel crowns or built-up shell crowns?]. PMID- 7010586 TI - [Women and long-distance running]. PMID- 7010587 TI - The total artificial heart. PMID- 7010588 TI - Renal transplantation. PMID- 7010589 TI - Renal transplantation--a tale of two cities. PMID- 7010590 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women after renal transplantation. AB - All 26 immunosuppressed renal transplant females attending the Renal Unit at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy for evidence of cervical neoplasia. Five patients (19.2%) were discovered to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, confirming the expected increase in this 'at risk' group. Regular cervical screening in these immunosuppressed women is recommended strongly. PMID- 7010591 TI - The clinical significance of the antinuclear antibody test as a screening procedure for DNA antibodies in SLE. AB - During the two-year period (1st October 1974-30th September 1976), 2979 sera were tested for DNA antibodies by the Farr test. One thousand six hundred and ninety five of these were tested because they had high ANA titres (1/256 or greater). In this group 285 sera were found to have raised DNA binding capacities (DNA-bc), 86 of which were found in patients having diagnoses other than SLE. When the diagnoses were reviewed following the finding of a raised DNA-bc, 55 of these patients were found to be suffering from SLE. Of the 1284 sera tested for DNA antibodies without the prior ANA screening procedures, 288 were positive, 36 of which came from patients not considered to have SLE; 30 of these patients were subsequently shown to have SLE. Thus the DNA-bc test is an important tool in the diagnosis of SLE, and the ANA test appears to be a valuable screening procedure. The level of DNA-bc was not of any diagnostic value. PMID- 7010592 TI - Psychiatric aspects of acute poisoning with tricyclic and related antidepressants -a ten-year review. AB - The incidence of acute self-poisoning with tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs has increased in recent years so that now approximately 20 per cent of all acute overdoses in patients above the age of 12 are due to this cause. We report the results of a ten-year review of the psychiatric aspects associated with this poisoning in 316 consecutive patients admitted to a District General Hospital. Fifty-four per cent of these patients had sought medical advice in the period immediately prior to the overdosage. The final psychiatric diagnosis following the poisoning is related to the events previously and an attempt is made to judge how appropriate was the original treatment with antidepressant drugs. The important opportunities for prevention of this poisoning are discussed and suggestions made. PMID- 7010593 TI - Chlorhexidine in methanol for the preoperative cleansing of surgeons' hands: a clinical trial. AB - A clinical trial has shown that a technique of preoperative hand disinfection using a methanolic solution of chlorhexidine is faster, cheaper and more acceptable to users than the conventional aqueous detergent chlorhexidine preoperative scrub regime. The wound infection rate in general surgical patients was not influenced by the method used. PMID- 7010594 TI - Andrew Moir: an Aberdeen anatomist. PMID- 7010595 TI - Successful triplet pregnancy following renal transplantation. AB - There are now many reported successful pregnancies to renal transplant recipients, but this is believed to be the first reported successful case of triplets. The clinical course, complications and management of the pregnancy are described. PMID- 7010596 TI - Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia before and after renal transplantation. AB - A patient who developed chronic renal failure secondary to the haemolytic uraemic syndrome subsequently developed life threatening microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia following renal transplantation. Transplant nephrectomy was necessary to prevent the progression of thrombocytopenia and associated pulmonary haemorrhage. PMID- 7010598 TI - Nutritional role of chromium. AB - Chromium is an essential trace element required for normal carbohydrate metabolism. The biological function of chromium is closely associated with that of insulin and most chromium-stimulated reactions are also insulin dependent. Proper chromium nutrition leads to a decreased requirement for insulin and also an improved blood lipid profile. Most fresh foods and minimally processed foods are good sources of dietary chromium. Inorganic chromium does not potentiate insulin action and must be converted to an organic biologically active form. An organic form of chromium capable of potentiating insulin has been isolated from brewer's yeast and was shown to contain: Cr, nicotinic acid and a combination of amino acids. Synthetic insulin potentiating organic chromium complexes containing chromium, nicotinic acid, glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid or chromium, nicotinic acid and glutathione have been prepared. These complexes have not been purified to homogeneity since they dissociate during purification. Suitable analytical bioassays are available to measure total chromium and the organic biologically-active forms of chromium, respectively. PMID- 7010597 TI - Studies of fluoride metabolism in man. A review and report of original data. AB - The dietary intake of fluoride and the fluoride excretions in urine and stool were determined under controlled conditions in man. Fluoride balance studies have shown that the urinary fluoride corresponds to 50--60% of the intake, the fecal fluoride was very low, corresponding to 6% of the intake, and approximately 1 mg fluoride was retained per day during an average fluoride intake of 4.3 mg/day. The fluoride intake depended on the amount of fluoridated water consumed. The dietary fluoride content ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 mg/day. During the intake of supplemental fluoride the fluoride excretions increased but the ratio of the urinary/fecal fluoride was similar. Added fluoride is well retained. Following its discontinuation, very small amounts of the retained fluoride are excreted for several days. Inorganic elements, such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which have been shown to decrease the intestinal absorption of fluoride in animals were ineffective in man, while aluminum, given as aluminum-containing antacids, markedly decreased the intestinal absorption of fluoride and thereby decreased the retention of fluoride. PMID- 7010599 TI - Dietary aluminum and Alzheimer's disease--a review. AB - Current evidence suggests that dietary aluminum is neither an essential nutrient nor a toxic element causing neurological damage. The phosphate and fluoride salts of aluminum are very insoluble. When fed in excess, aluminum increases the dietary needs for these anions. Aluminum hydroxide is used as an antacid that can prevent the phosphatemia seen in severe kidney damage. In Alzheimer's disease there is progressive decrease in brain mass with the accumulation of phospholipid rich cell debris. These membrane tangles tend to accumulate aluminum and are easily stainable with silver. PMID- 7010600 TI - Selenium in the environment. PMID- 7010601 TI - Mechanisms of gonadal differentiation. AB - Sex differentiation is the result of the translation of genetic sex into gonadal sex. Without recognizable masculinizing signals the embryonic gonad will undergo ovarian differentiation. The main determinant of gonadal differentiation appears to be the presence or absence of a cell surface antigen, called H-Y antigen. The regulation of H-Y antigen expression is complex and involves the interaction between regulatory sites on the Y chromosome, the X chromosome, and possibly the autosomes. PMID- 7010602 TI - The hormonal control of sexual development. PMID- 7010604 TI - Analgesic from mushrooms begins clinical trials. PMID- 7010603 TI - Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism. AB - Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered. PMID- 7010605 TI - Suppressible four-base glycine and proline codons in yeast. AB - Five ICR-170--induced mutations at the His4 locus in yeast are +1 G.C (G, guanine; C, cytosine) additions in DNA regions that contain multiple G.C base pairs. These mutations represents both nonsuppressible and suppressible alleles. All externally, suppressible frameshift mutations occur in glycine and proline codons to produce the four-base codons GGGU (U, uracil), GGGG, and CCCU. This implies that suppression of these four-base codons in yeast, as in bacteria, involves a four-base anticodon or its functional equivalent. Two identical four base codons (CCCU) at widely separate regions with His4 are not suppressed equally. PMID- 7010606 TI - Changes in DNA during meiosis in a repair-deficient mutant (rad 52) of yeast. AB - The kinetic patterns of DNA synthesis in wild-type (RAD+) and rad 52 mutants of yeast, which exhibit high levels of synchrony during meiosis, are comparable. However, RAD 52 mutants accumulate single-strand breaks in parental DNA during the DNA synthesis period. Thus, the product of the RAD 52 gene has a role in meiotic DNA metabolism, as well as in the repair of DNA damage during mitotic growth. The observed breaks may be unresolved recombination intermediates. PMID- 7010607 TI - Cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of bovine insulin: two-zinc insulin hexamer specifically binds calcium. AB - By use of cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a specific calcium ion binding site has been identified in the bovine two-zinc insulin hexamer. This site is composed of six glutamyl carboxylate groups clustered in the center of the hexamer, and is distinct from the normal zinc ion binding sites. PMID- 7010608 TI - Male vole urine changes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and norepinephrine in female olfactory bulb. AB - Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues. PMID- 7010609 TI - The blood group MNSs-active sialoglycoproteins. PMID- 7010610 TI - The genetic control of Chido and Rodgers blood group substances. PMID- 7010611 TI - The P blood group system: recent progress in immunochemistry and genetics. PMID- 7010612 TI - K562--a human leukemia cell line with erythroid features. PMID- 7010614 TI - [Light and scanning electron microscopy of intraoral split-skin autografts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010613 TI - Alternatives to adolescent pregnancy: a discussion of the contraceptive literature from 1960 to 1980. PMID- 7010615 TI - [The influence of casting porosities on mechanical properties of gold-palladium silver-copper alloy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010616 TI - [Controversies on the Kul-Oba vase and its relation to the ancient Scythian dentistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010617 TI - A view on the socio-political history of psychiatric care in French-Canada with particular reference to Quebec asylums. PMID- 7010618 TI - [History of the foundation of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 7010619 TI - [Heroism of Bashkir physicians in the years of World War II]. PMID- 7010620 TI - [Kazan medical student participation in the revolutionary movement of 1870- 1880]. PMID- 7010621 TI - [Zemstvo medicine in the Crimea]. PMID- 7010622 TI - [Public and political activities of Decembrist physician, F. B. Vol'f]. PMID- 7010623 TI - [Activities of the Academic Medical Council of the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR in 1937-1941]. PMID- 7010624 TI - [International hygiene exhibitions in Dresden]. PMID- 7010625 TI - [College traditions and the formation of the qualities of the Soviet physician]. PMID- 7010626 TI - [Samaritan Union of Workers of Germany: an example of the creative activities of the German working class in 1909-1930 in the fight against a bourgeois public health policy]. PMID- 7010627 TI - [New data from the history of the Red Cross in prerevolutionary Russia]. PMID- 7010628 TI - [History of the Medical Department of Moscow University]. PMID- 7010629 TI - [Centenary of Tomsk University]. PMID- 7010630 TI - [Role of the public in the activities of the Ufa City Public Health Council in the 1st decades of Soviet power]. PMID- 7010631 TI - [Ventilation during microsurgery of the larynx]. PMID- 7010634 TI - Reactions to rape--the need for a social context. AB - The literature concerning reactions to rape, with special reference to the social meaning of rape, is reviewed. While the latter is seen as a major determinant of reactions to rape, reference is also made to other concepts which may assist the professional who is required to render services to women who have been raped. Proposals for intervention and reform are suggested. PMID- 7010633 TI - Halogenated analgesics and hepatotoxicity. AB - The otherwise safe and useful anaesthetic halothane has been suspected of producing the occasional complication of hepatic necrosis, ascribed either to a drug allergy or to biotransformation to reactive intermediates. Several characteristics, such as middle age, obesity and multiple administrations of the anaesthetic, seem to put the patient at higher risk. The diagnosis of anaesthetic induced jaundice is still one of exclusion, however, and this rare problem is felt to be overdiagnosed. PMID- 7010632 TI - Professor John Terblanche appointed as head of Surgery at U.C.T. PMID- 7010635 TI - A tribute to Michael J. Kelly--1912-1981. PMID- 7010636 TI - Rationale for and methods of splenic preservation following trauma. PMID- 7010637 TI - Postsplenectomy infection. PMID- 7010638 TI - Current concepts in pancreatic imaging. PMID- 7010639 TI - Splenic, pancreatic, and hepatic injuries. AB - The preoperative resuscitation and operative management of hepatic trauma has vastly improved over the past 50 years. The majority of patients can be handled with simple techniques, with close attention to local hemostasis and adequate drainage. When major liver trauma does occur, exsanguination remains the leading cause of death. An integrated effort of physicians, nurses, and ancillary hospital support staff is needed to care for these severely injured patients. PMID- 7010640 TI - Chronic pancreatitis. AB - Chronic pancreatitis is marked by recurrent bouts of pain, complications of pancreatitis, and progressive exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. Objective complications are generally well managed, although they do not alter the natural or progressive course of the disease. Treatment of palpable pseudocysts is varied, and the multiple surgical alternatives are equally effective, since most pancreas function until the pseudocyst decompresses. For patients with recurrent and/or persisting pain, selection of candidates is as important as selection of operations. The goal of preserving as much parenchyma as possible and doing decompressive procedures is attractive for this reason alone. Success, as measured by relief of pain and ability to return to work, is dependent upon cessation of abuse of alcohol and other drugs and perhaps progressive dysfunction of the pancreas. PMID- 7010641 TI - Cancer of the ampulla of vater, bile duct, and duodenum. AB - The presenting features of periampullary cancer have been reviewed. Unless the neoplasm is discovered as an incidental finding at surgery, diagnosis is not made until the onset of symptoms (pain, jaundice, weight loss), which is not early, even though these tumors are close to the bile duct or ampulla of Vater. Individual philosophies aside, the prognosis for ampullary, duodenal, or distal bile duct tumors reflects the grade and stage of tumor as much as the operation done. Pancreatoduodenal resection, standard or modified, should be done with an attempt to cure and not to palliate. Statistics that show superior results after resection compared with palliative procedures reflect earlier stages lesions, healthier patients, and, most importantly, patient selection. PMID- 7010642 TI - Mucosal diaphragms of the gastric antrum in adults. AB - Fifty-six adult patients with antral mucosal diaphragms have been reported in the literature. These abnormalities are located at the antrum of the stomach at variable distances from the pylorus and are composed of mucosa which encloses a membrane of submucosa without involvement of muscularis or serosa. They may be congenital in origin or secondary to chronic peptic ulcer disease. Symptoms are episodic and obstructive in nature and imply a diaphragmatic aperture of less than 1 centimeter. The diagnosis relies on the history, contrast roentgenologic studies and endoscopic findings. Unfortunately, the changes observed are many times either overlooked or misinterpreted and, not infrequently, the diagnosis will be made at laparotomy by gastrotomy. Surgical treatment is uniformly successful in symptomatic patients and is recommended for patients who have obstructive symptoms. The surgical procedures have been variable but as long as the obstruction is alleviated, it appears that there is no preference for one particular operation. When complicated with ulcer disease, a complementary ulcer operation is recommended. Antral diaphragm, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal obstructive symptoms in patients of any age. PMID- 7010643 TI - Lysosomal enzyme in endotoxin shock. AB - Lysosomal enzymes are released in the blood stream in various types of shock. The role of the released enzymes in the development of irreversible shock is still controversial. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of the administration of lysosomal enzymes in normal rats and rats treated with endotoxin. Lysosomal enzymes were prepared from the isologous liver. They were given either intravenously or intraperitoneally to normal rats. No hemodynamic effect was observed. They were also given to the rats that received the lethal dose of endotoxin. No hemodynamic effect was found in this group. The survival time and the time course of the blood pressure to death did not change. The lysosomal enzyme preparation was given to the rats that received various dosages of endotoxin of less than LD190. The mortality rate of the rats that received endotoxin was not modified by the administration of the lysosomal enzyme preparation. These results indicate that lysosomal enzymes released into the blood in endotoxin shock may not contribute significantly to the irreversibility of shock. PMID- 7010644 TI - Renal transplantation after failure of a first graft. AB - Renal transplantation in the nondiabetic patient can be achieved with a graft survival comparable with the over-all survival of the cadaveric first graft. The utilization of immunologic donor pretreatment in second cadaveric renal transplantation was of no benefit to graft survival. The second graft survived significantly longer than the first graft when the survival in the same patients was evaluated in a paired fashion. In our experience, retransplantation in the patient with juvenile-onset diabetes using a cadaveric graft gives disastrous results. Of pretreatment, splenectomy, transfusion, preformed antibodies, antigens mismatched, course and time of first-graft loss, diabetes, age and donor source analyzed in this study, only diabetes was found to have a significant effect upon the survival of the second graft. PMID- 7010645 TI - Historical and current perspectives on surgical drainage. PMID- 7010646 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1981. PMID- 7010647 TI - Oscillatory potentials. History, techniques and potential use in the evaluation of disturbances of retinal circulation. AB - The oscillatory potentials seem to reflect severe disturbances in the retinal (and perhaps choroidal) circulation. In some cases of diabetic retinopathy with severe microangiopathy, the oscillatory potentials may be selectively reduced or extinguished while the amplitude of the a- and b-waves of the ERG remains normal. A correlation appears to exist between severely reduced oscillatory potentials and a circulatory deficiency in the retina. This selective reduction of the oscillatory potentials during advancing retinopathy is considered to be indirect evidence that they are generated independently from the mechanism producing the primary components (the a- and b-waves). The usefulness of the oscillatory potentials in the prognosis of retinal disease, particularly in diabetic retinopathy, is reviewed. The historical background, the techniques and instrumentation necessary to produce and record them, the experimental data available on the site of their origin, the clinical significance to date and the experimental efforts in our laboratory are summarized. PMID- 7010649 TI - A tribute to Dr. Owen H. Wangensteen. "The Chief". PMID- 7010648 TI - Edward J. Curran and the concept of relative pupillary block. AB - The historical development of the concept of relative pupillary block and its role in the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma is reviewed. Prior to 1920, the mechanism of action of iridectomy in glaucoma was not understood, its indications unclear, and its technique unsatisfactory. Edward J. Curran's original statement of this concept, and its cure by peripheral iridotomy, were outstanding contributions to the treatment of glaucoma. The controversial responses of other ophthalmologists are related. PMID- 7010650 TI - Colloid or crystalloid in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock: a controlled clinical trial. AB - The object of this article is to assess the value of human serum albumin (HSA) in the initial resuscitation of hypotensive trauma victims. Thirty-six patients (mean age = 30 years) in shock from trauma who underwent laparotomies were randomly assigned to either Ringer's lactate solution (RL) resuscitation or 4% HSA in RL resuscitation. Both groups received approximately 8L of test fluid and 6U of washed red cells. The only death in the study occurred in a patient assigned to the RL group. Two patients in each group required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours. No differences were noted in a battery of pulmonary function tests performed daily for 5 days. These results demonstrate that HSA is not essential in this clinical setting for safe and effective resuscitation. PMID- 7010652 TI - A comparative radiographic study of low anterior colon anastomoses in dogs. AB - A radiographic animal study comparing two-layer and hand-sewn colorectal anastomoses to anastomoses made with an inverting circular stapling device revealed a highly significant difference in anastomotic leak rate: 13 anastomotic dehiscences were demonstrated in 20 dogs with hand-sewn anastomosis (65%), and four leaks (20%) were found in 20 dogs with stapled anastomoses. All leaks occurred between the third and seventh postoperative days and most were not clinically significant. A marginally significant difference in mortality rate was found, with four deaths among the hand-sewn group (20%) and two among the stapled group (10%). The data suggest that the EEA stapling device may be preferable to hand-sewn techniques, particularly for low extraperitoneal colorectal anastomoses. PMID- 7010651 TI - Preoperative irradiation for head and neck cancer: results of a prospective study. AB - Two hundred forty-eight patients with primary epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, stages II, III, and IV were entered into a prospective randomized clinical trial of preoperative irradiation therapy (700 rads X 2) and surgery versus surgery alone. At 5 years both groups had a similar survival when analyzed according to stage of disease, primary site, or lymph node status. However, the group of patients receiving preoperative irradiation showed a lower incidence of local recurrence (22% versus 36%) preoperative irradiation showed a lower incidence of local recurrence (22% versus 36%) (P = 0.02). From this study we conclude that preoperative irradiation in this dose schedule has little influence on the ultimate outcome after surgical treatment of head and neck cancer. PMID- 7010653 TI - Myoelectric control of gastrointestinal and biliary motility: a review. AB - The movement of ingested food and secretions through the gastrointestinal and its appendages depends on a highly integrated and coordinated response of the smooth muscle contained within the wall of the gut. This review will consider, in detail, the various myogenic factors that contribute to the usual aboral propulsion of the gastrointestinal contents. The role of myoelectrical complexes as represented by slow waves and spike potentials are emphasized, for they appear to play a central role in the initiation of sphincter function and gastrointestinal peristalsis. The myoelectric control of the sphincter of Oddi is discussed in relationship to gastroduodenal motility, since disturbances in this finely modulated sphincter may lead to biliary-pancreatic dysfunction and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 7010654 TI - Location of the allergenic monomer in warm-polymerized acrylic dentures. Part II: Experiments aimed at establishing guidelines for production of acrylic dentures suited for patients allergic to acrylic monomer and complementary investigations. AB - An account has been given of a patient with denture sore mouth caused by allergy to the denture material (Part I). In the continued investigation the residual monomer or part thereof was found to be the allergen. Patch testing of the skin with drillings from the upper and lower dentures made of a "warm-polymerized" methyl methacrylate resin was carried out with special reference to the topography of the distribution of the allergenic factor within the dentures. Only that surface of the upper denture that is in contact with the hard palate and the maxillary crista were allergenic. All other surfaces of the upper denture as well as the complete lower denture were non-allergenic. The resin was, in other words, inhomogeneous as regards the allergenic factor. An analysis of the test castings showed that the allergenic properties in the resin are located in the surface and that the resin was free from allergens below the "allergenic film" (Parts I and II). A non-allergenic, extraordinarily well-fitting denture was produced from the same make of acrylic as that used for the non-tolerated denture. It was made by a new technique, "directed polymerization," comprising initial application of heat centrally in the cuvette (a metal cup surrounding the gypsum), including tin foiling of the palatal half of the mould. The production of the denture was based on experience from tests with test castings. A check-up 18 months later showed no stomatitis and the retention and stability of the denture were very satisfactory, and tests with the original model of the upper gum showed that it had an excellent fit. PMID- 7010655 TI - [Sweden has its first professor in nursing (Astrid Norberg)]. PMID- 7010656 TI - [Care of children with myelomeningocele: keep them moving and protect them from pressure and kidney damage]. PMID- 7010657 TI - [The lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate system in saliva: a review]. PMID- 7010658 TI - George Goodfellow: practicing paradoxologist. PMID- 7010659 TI - [Advances in endoscopic larynx diagnosis]. PMID- 7010660 TI - Jozsef Tomcsik. Life and activity of an outstanding Hungarian microbiologist. PMID- 7010661 TI - [New trends on biochemical mechanism of action of benzodiazepines (author's transl)]. AB - The benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely used in clinical practice as anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, sedatives and anticonvulsants. Electrophysiological studies have shown a specific interaction of BZD with - aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, of which they enhance the physiological effects. The discovery of saturable and stereospecific binding sites with high affinity for BZD, and their brain distribution indicates a predominantly cortical action of BZD. Furthermore, BZD receptors seem to be linked to GABA receptors--modulating their inhibitory effects--and closely connected to the chloride conductance mechanism associated to the GABA receptor. The discovery of BZD receptors suggests the existence of endogenous ligands. Inosine, hypoxanthine or nicotinamide are reported to have BZD-like activities, in spite of a relative low affinity for their binding sites. Their putative role as endogenous anxiolytics needs to be supported by behavioral studies. PMID- 7010663 TI - Evaluation of a chromogenic method for endotoxin measurement. PMID- 7010662 TI - [Biological and clinical effects of oral magnesium and associated magnesium vitamin B6 administration on certain disorders observed in infantile autism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010664 TI - Production of prothrombin fragment 1-44 with acutin and some effects on thrombin generation. PMID- 7010666 TI - A solid phase immuno enzymological assay for the measurement of human fibrinopeptide A. PMID- 7010665 TI - Note on the preparation of bovine thrombin. PMID- 7010667 TI - Differences in inhibition of PGI2 production by aspirin in rabbit artery and vein segments. PMID- 7010668 TI - [A foray into the history of the cell]. PMID- 7010669 TI - [Seasonality of human conception associated with births in countries bordering the Norwegian Sea - with special reference to northern Norway]. PMID- 7010670 TI - [Computed tomography of renal transplants]. PMID- 7010671 TI - [Ureteral calculi and fluid therapy. A clinical trial]. PMID- 7010672 TI - [Sudden infant death. Review of current research results]. PMID- 7010673 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis]. PMID- 7010674 TI - [Multiresistant Salmonella strains in slaughtering calves]. PMID- 7010675 TI - Methods for microcarrier culture of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells avoiding the use of enzymes. AB - Enzymes situated along the luminal surface of pulmonary endothelial cells interact with circulating solutes, notably with vasoactive substances, to regulate the hormonal composition of systemic arterial blood. However, it is becoming clear that the range and complexity of reactions occurring at or near the surface of endothelial cells are greater than previously recognized. In addition, evidence indicates that the quality of cell cultures used to define specific endothelial functions must be carefully controlled, together with development of improved understanding of the effects of long-term culture on pulmonary endothelial cells. We have developed new techniques for the culture of pulmonary endothelial cells which avoid exposure to proteolytic enzymes at both the isolation step and during subculture. A combination of mechanical harvest and culture on microcarrier beads has provided a system for the long-term, large scale culture of pulmonary endothelial cells, features which to a large extent determine the scope of biochemical studies which can be undertaken. PMID- 7010676 TI - Development and cellular differentiation of an insect telotrophic ovary (Rhodnius prolixus). AB - Differentiation events accompanying the larval-adult ovarian transformation in Rhodnius prolixus can be divided into three phases: proliferative phase (unfed to 3 days post-feed or DPF), early differentiation phase (9-15 DPF) and late differentiation phase (16 DPF to moult at 21 DPF). Ovarioles remain morphologically larval until feeding initiates development. The unfed ovariole contains germ cells surrounding a central trophic core region with the 'germarial lumen' occupying the basal region of the tropharium immediately above the pre follicular tissue. Mitosis of germ cells during the proliferative phase results in a progressive increase in tropharial size with no differentiation of tissues. Regional specialization within the ovariole marks the beginning of the early differentiation phase. A zone of oocytes is established at the base of the tropharium with nuclei containing synaptonemal complexes and condensing chromosomes. Nurse cell differentiation is characterized by nucleolar elaboration and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, the cytoplasm becoming rich in ribosomes. Autoradiographic results suggest that functional nurse cell-oocyte divergence occurs concurrently with morphological divergence. Pre-follicular tissue is divided into apical and basal zones with apical zone differentiation occurring during early and late differentiation phases. PMID- 7010677 TI - The development of the female accessory gland in the insect Rhodnius prolixus. AB - The specialized cell types and two distinct regions of the adult Rhodnius prolixus cement gland develop from a simple pseudostratified epithelial tube during the 20-22 days of the fifth stadium. Feeding initiates the first phase, proliferation. Cells round up and divide tangentially to the lumen. Following the proliferation phase, differentiative mitoses occur and differentiation, resulting in secretory units (consisting of a ductule, gland cell and cuticular lining), ensues in the distal region. Ductule morphogenesis occurs without pseudocilia, thus differing from other insect glands. The complex changes in cell shape and interaction occur during development of the secretory unit. The secretory cell and end-apparatus develop from a double cell unit at the base of elongating ductules. The inner cell produces a complex end-apparatus of epicuticle that mirrors the microvillar pattern and then it degenerates. The ductules are lined by cuticulin and inner epicuticle while the central gland lumen has a layer of endocuticle as well. The epithelium of the proximal region remains simple producing the thick corrugated cuticle characteristic of the adult secretory duct. The mesodermal covering forms a thick longitudinal striated muscle layer that adheres to the epithelium via desmosomes. PMID- 7010678 TI - [Documentation alcohol and drugs]. PMID- 7010679 TI - [The importance of psychosocial counseling in the various phases of kidney function replacement therapy and its integration in the nursing team]. PMID- 7010680 TI - [Ambulatory and clinical services for alcoholics and drug addicts. Integrated approach: substance dependence. III. Alcohol and drugs]. PMID- 7010681 TI - Indomethacin inhibits the antihypertensive effect of captopril, SQ 14225, in low renin hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive mechanism of orally active angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14225 (SQ), in low renin hypertension was investigated. In the SQ responder with low renin hypertension, the hypotensive effect of SQ was abolished after the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin (PG) synthesis with indomethacin, while no significant change in blood pressure was found in the SQ responder with normal renin hypertension. These results suggest that SQ may potentiate the vasodilating PG system, contributing to the antihypertensive mechanism in SQ responders with low renin hypertension. PMID- 7010684 TI - Comparative study on hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities of snake venoms. PMID- 7010682 TI - Achieving economies of scale through shared ancillary and support services. PMID- 7010683 TI - Healthyland: an approach for identifying care needs. PMID- 7010685 TI - [Current status of the scientific bases of forensic medical service organizations]. PMID- 7010686 TI - The postself and Richard Nixon's partial death. PMID- 7010687 TI - The caesarean section: some historical qualifying perspectives. PMID- 7010688 TI - A genetic study of the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium berghei. AB - In a study of the genetics of susceptibility and refractoriness of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium species, nine generations of selection resulted in a completely susceptible line and an entirely refractory line to Plasmodium berghei (a rodent malaria). The F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses between the lines differed in their susceptibility to the parasite. Backcrosses to the parent did not produce proportions of susceptible and refractory individuals consistent with single gene inheritance or with cytoplasmic inheritance but the influence of a sex linked factor was demonstrated. PMID- 7010690 TI - Infection of Anopheles freeborni by gametocytes of cultured Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7010689 TI - Immunodiagnosis and seroepidemiology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis zoonoses in man. AB - The development of serum and cellular assays to measure responses to Angiostrongylus cantonensis antigen, purified by affinity chromatography, formed the basis of this study. The specificity and sensitivity of these techniques were established in immunized rabbits and in naturally and laboratory-infected rats. The assays were then used to determine levels of immunological responsiveness to A. cantonensis in four Australian populations. There was a direct correlation between the prevalence of the parasite in rodents and the proportion of human reactors to A. cantonensis antigen in each population studied. Five patients with similar clinical histories and presenting symptoms suggesting eosinophilic meningitis were investigated; three were admitted to hospital. Haematological examination demonstrated hypereosinophilia in all five while three had, in addition, a cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. Serological tests and assays of cell-mediated responses to A. cantonensis antigen showed elevated immunological reactivity during the acute phase of illness with a subsequent decrease in reactivity corresponding with the progressive recovery of the patient. PMID- 7010691 TI - Invasive E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus a rare cause of dysentery in Dacca. PMID- 7010692 TI - Fenbendazole (Hoe 881) in enterobiasis. PMID- 7010693 TI - The interaction between sickle haemoglobin and the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The mechanism whereby heterozygous carriers of the sickle cell gene are protected against fatal malarial infections due to Plasmodium falciparum has been examined in a short term in vitro cultivation system. The results have shown that both parasite invasion of red cells and parasite growth within red cells containing sickle haemoglobin (Hb-S) is restricted, but only under conditions of low (5%) oxygen tensions. To bring this about, the cells containing Hb-S need not sickle. Furthermore the growth retardation observed in the presence of Hb-S was also found to apply to the mature forms of the parasite. These findings offer a plausible mechanism for the protection of sickle heterozygotes against falciparum malaria. PMID- 7010695 TI - The pathogenesis and immunology of African trypanosomiasis in domestic animals. PMID- 7010694 TI - The pathogenesis of sleeping sickness. AB - Although the clinical and pathological features of sleeping sickness have been well recognized since the beginning of the century, we still have very little idea about how these changes are brought about. A convincing role for a trypanosome-derived toxin has yet to be established and it is probable that most tissue damage results from an immunopathological reaction. An immediate type hypersensitivity reaction might account for the pruritus and urticaria sometimes encountered in patients with the infection. Autoantibodies are produced by patients with sleeping sickness but it has not been established that these can cause tissue damage. Similarly, although high levels of immune complexes are found in patients with sleeping sickness, it has yet to be clearly established that these damage the brain or heart. The dominant pathological event in sleeping sickness is B lymphocyte proliferation, first within the lymph nodes and then within the brain and meninges, and this response may lead to tissue damage in some way which has not yet been identified. B lymphocyte proliferation could result from the action of a trypanosome-derived mitogen or from interference with T lymphocyte control over B lymphocyte function. PMID- 7010696 TI - Studies on the use of a membrane feeding technique for infecting Anopheles gambiae with Plasmodium falciparum. AB - An investigation was made of the optimum feeding time when using stirred membrane feeders for infecting Anopheles gambiae s.s. with Plasmodium falciparum. The aim was to stimulate the natural situation of direct feeding on a host and so enable the malaria susceptibility of different populations of A. gambiae to be assessed. 45 feeds were carried out on blood donated by P. falciparum gametocyte carriers. The results show that only patients with at least 300 gametocytes/mm3 are likely to produce a high infection in mosquitoes. There was a marked decline in infectivity over a 35-min period after bleeding and 10-min feeds gave the highest proportion of mosquitoes infected. The decline in infectivity could not be attributed solely to the fact that the gametocytes had become activated before ingestion by the mosquito, since the rate of activation in a feeder was found to be lower than the rate of loss of infectivity to mosquitoes. The possible applications of the technique are discussed. PMID- 7010697 TI - Density regulation of domestic populations of Triatoma infestans in Brazil. AB - Twenty old houses in a rural area of central Brazil were sampled monthly for Triatoma infestans during 16 months. The samples indicated peak adult emergence between January and May, preceded by peak emergence of stage V, IV and III nymphs respectively. Stage I and II nymphs were rarely taken in the samples. A much smaller peak of adult emergence occurred in September; thus the two peaks of adult emergence during the year were consistent with the approximately six months duration of egg-to-adult development usually recorded in laboratory studies. During January, 1977, when the study began, all houses were searched for dead bugs, exuviae, eggs and eggshells. These samples were used to calculate stage mortalities, from which a simple life-table was constructed. These data were combined with laboratory data concerning stage development times and female longevity and fecundity. Sensitivity analysis of the life-table showed it to be most sensitive to small changes in daily mortality rate and total egg-to-adult development time. The data were used to advance an hypothesis that the size of domestic populations of T. infestans is mainly controlled by changes in the egg to-adult development time and, to a lesser extent, by changes in female reproductivity. Both these factors are in turn controlled by the nutritional status of the bug population, which, if the supply of food, i.e. number of hosts, is constant, is dependent upon the density of the bug population. It is argued that this mechanism of density regulation functions within limits set by the prevailing ambient temperature. PMID- 7010698 TI - Nutritional status of domestic populations of Triatoma infestans. PMID- 7010699 TI - Simulium species of the amazonicum group as vectors of Mansonella ozzardi in the Brazilian Amazon. AB - Experimental infection with Mansonella ozzardi of common haematophagous Diptera collected at a Ticuna Indian village on the upper reaches of the Solimoes river in the Brazilian Amazon, showed that Simulium amazonicum and Simulium n.sp. are capable of supporting full development of the parasite. Natural infections with this filaria were found in both species including infective larvae in Simulium n.sp. No development of M. ozzardi occurred in Mansonia amazonensis, Culicoides insinuatus or Lepiselaga crassipes (Tabanidae). The dimensions of developing larvae of M. ozzardi in both species of black-fly were recorded. Infective larvae of this species may easily be distinguished from those of Onchocerca volvulus, also transmitted in the Amazon by a species closely resembling S. amazonicum, by the presence of a bifid tail and higher anal ratio in M. ozzardi. PMID- 7010700 TI - The finding of eggs and larvae of parasitic helminths in archaeological material from Unai, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PMID- 7010701 TI - The flushing-out activity of pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids on Panstrongylus megistus, a vector of Chagas's disease. PMID- 7010702 TI - In vitro microtechnique for determining the drug susceptibility of cultured parasites of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7010703 TI - ELISA and rickettsiosis. PMID- 7010704 TI - Circulation immune complexes after renal transplantation. AB - The liquid phase C1q-binding assay was used as a measure of circulating immune complexes in 147 renal transplant recipients. Thirty-six patients were studied serially from the time of transplantation. Abnormal levels of C1q-binding activity (C1qBA) were most frequently detected in the first 6 months post transplant. Although there was a statistically significant association of elevated C1qBA with rejection, the incidence of "false positives" and "false negatives" was high and particularly evident in serial studies. There was no evidence of association between C1qBA and the recipients' original renal diseases. Post-transplant monitoring of renal transplant recipients for circulating immune complexes by the C1q-binding assay is an unreliable guide to rejection. PMID- 7010705 TI - Occurrence and specificity of anti-B lymphocyte antibodies in renal allograft recipients. AB - Anti-HLA-A,B and anti-B lymphocyte antibodies were screened as part of a prospective alloimmunity monitoring study in 29 renal allograft recipients using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity test. Warm-reactive and/or cold-reactive lymphocytotoxins were directed against a panel of B lymphocytes, the donor's B lymphocytes, and the recipient's own B lymphocytes. A small proportion of patients had pretransplant antibodies, whereas about one-half of the patients had post-transplant antibodies. One-year allograft survival rates were lower among the patients with warm- and cold-reactive sera than among those with nonreactive sera or pure B cold-reactive sera. The sera of 20 patients were tested against donor B lymphocytes. The presence of donor-specific antibodies correlated closely enough with graft loss to be of predictive value. Autoantibodies appeared to have an enhancing effect in this study. PMID- 7010707 TI - Regional differences in the growth of skin transplants. AB - We have previously reported that marked differences exist in the relative growth rate of tumors transplanted i.d. or s.c. into different regions of the mouse trunk. The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether or not these regional differences applied uniquely to tumor tissue or whether or not there existed a more basic underlying principle influencing normal tissue growth as well. As a test system we used skin transplants between histocompatible C57BL/6J and C57BL/6-c2J mice. Grafts were placed middorsally in the thoracic or lumbar region and compared for rate of healing in, skin retraction, growth, and hair formation. A marked differential in the establishment and growth of skin grafts was seen: anteriorly placed skin transplants uniformly resulted in larger grafts than did similar transplants placed more posteriorly. Our experiments suggest that there are basic physiologically differences between the more anterior and posterior regions of the trunk that are reflected in the relative growth and maintenance of tissue transplants. As yet we have no clear indication of what factors contribute to this anteroposterior differential. PMID- 7010706 TI - Prediction of marrow graft rejection by the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays. AB - We previously reported on 26 patients with severe aplastic anemia who were studied using the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Eighty-one additional patients have now been studied. Overall, lymphocytes of 47% of the patients in LMC and sera of 30% in ADCC were reactive against the lymphocytes of HLA-identical siblings. LMC reactivity was more frequent in patients studied less than 1 month after diagnosis, but the frequency of ADCC reactivity was unrelated to time after diagnosis. In patients receiving the basic cyclophosphamide (CY) regimen, LMC results correlated with rejection in patients receiving transplants greater than or equal to 1 month after diagnosis but not in patients receiving transplants less than 1 month after diagnosis. Reactivity in ADCC correlated with graft rejection regardless of the time between diagnosis and study. No correlation between results of either assay and graft outcome was found in patients who received conditioning regimens aimed at abrogating rejection including total body irradiation or addition of donor buffy coat cells to the marrow inoculum. The finding of reactivity in the LMC assay early after diagnosis and in 8 or 15 untransfused patients indicates that mechanisms in addition to transfusion induced sensitization must be involved in LMC reactivity. This LMC reactivity may be an epiphenomenon secondary to the stem cell defect of aplastic anemia. Alternatively, this LMC reactivity may be involved in the etiology of aplastic anemia. PMID- 7010708 TI - Prolongation of canine renal allograft survival. A study on the effect of donor pretreatment. AB - Treatment of kidney donors with procarbazine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone, respectively, 5 and 2 1/2 hr before harvesting the kidney, improved renal allograft survival in dogs significantly. Pretreatment of the donor did not have a deleterious effect on the early function of the kidney grafts. Donor blood transfused peroperatively into the recipient caused a significant reduction in survival of kidney grafts from pretreated donors, although it did not influence the survival of nontreated kidneys. Furthermore, it appeared that a peroperative injection of a suspension of nonirradiated donor lymphocytes as well as donor lymphocytes irradiated with 2,500 rad significantly decreased the survival time of pretreated kidneys. A peroperative transfusion of leukocyte-poor blood prepared with a leukocyte filtration column, which leaves erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma and eliminates most of the leukocytes (99.9%), also abolished the effect of donor pretreatment. Thus, administration of donor blood constituents, whether lymphocytes or leukocyte-poor blood, can abrogate the beneficial effect of donor pretreatment on kidney graft survival. These data indicate that the effect of donor lymphocytes on the survival of pretreated kidneys is not because of a specific immunological activity of these lymphocytes but merely because of the presence of antigens on their cell surface. PMID- 7010709 TI - Cellular changes in cultured mouse thyroid glands and islets of Langerhans. AB - Islets of Langerhans cultured 7 days in vitro no longer contained any capillary endothelial cells, but their endocrine cells remained ultrastructurally normal up to 14 days. Vascular endothelial cells were also lost from cultured thyroid lobes, but more slowly. Thyroid endothelium was readily identified after 7 days of culture, although many cells appeared to be degenerating, and a few degenerating endothelial cells were still present after 14 days in culture. Erythrocytes and leukocytes in the lumina of thyroid vessels were observed to degenerate at about the same rate as the endothelial cells, while those in islet capillary lumina were largely washed out during isolation of the islets. Thyroid lymphatic endothelium and the numerous adipose cells present in this tissue also degenerated during the culture period. Follicle epithelial cells remained viable throughout the culture period, but the number of colloid droplets and endocytic vesicles they contained was markedly, decreased. Thyroid fibroblasts remained viable and appeared to enlarge and accumulate dense granules during culture. These cells were a prominent feature of thyroid lobes after 14 days of culture. Parathyroid tissue associated with the thyroid lobes showed viable endocrine cells but a loss of vascular endothelium after 14 days in culture. The loss of blood leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells in probably the major factor in the altered behavior of thyroid and islet allografts after culture in vitro. PMID- 7010711 TI - Rejection of skin and spleen "isografts" in strain of Lewis rats. PMID- 7010712 TI - Morphological findings in duct-ligated pancreas grafts in the rat. An analysis of isografts, allografts, and long-standing allografts in hosts conditioned by previous spleen allograft. AB - The morphological findings of duct-ligated pancreas grafts in streptozotocin induced diabetic hosts were studied using inbred AGUS and WAG rats with a major histocompatibility complex differences. AGUS to AGUS pancreas isografts survived indefinitely. Morphologically, islet tissue was partly dispersed and showed about 75% granulated beta cells. Fibrosis was minimal and inflammatory cells generally absent. WAG to AGUS allografts were quickly rejected and showed severe pancreatitis with a polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltrate. Islet destruction lagged behind that of exocrine tissue and vascular thrombosis was a late event. In the last group, AGUS recipients first received WAG spleen allografts which survived spontaneously. There to 5 months later they were removed and WAG pancreas allografts inserted. Sixty-eight percent of these pancreas allografts survived. Four to 10 months later they were characterized by severe dense fibrosis surrounding islet tissue. Capillaries were always present between islet cells, about 75% of which showed beta granules. A mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltrate and vascular intimal proliferation were also part of the picture. We conclude that pancreatitis after duct-ligated pancreas allografts is not a sequel of duct ligation but results from rejection and can be prevented with adequate immunosuppression. Fibrosis does not have a detrimental effect on islet cell function as a result of the feasibility of insulin secretion by beta cells into adjacent capillaries and thence to larger vessels traversing through the dense fibrosis. PMID- 7010710 TI - H-2 complex and Ia antigens on cells dissociated from mouse thyroid glands and islets of Langerhans. AB - Mouse thyroid tissue was dissociated with collagenase, fixed in periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde (PLP), and further dissociated with EDTA and trypsin to yield cell suspensions containing mainly follicle epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. H-2 complex antigens were detected on the vascular endothelial cells at about the same high density as on peritoneal macrophages, and at a lower concentration on the laterobasal membranes of follicle epithelial cells. Neither of these cell types expressed detectable Ia antigens, but a minor cell type was presented that showed dense expression of Ia antigens. This cell type was probably a passenger leukocyte. It showed ultrastructural characteristics closely resembling those of spleen dendritic cells, which are known to express Ia antigens and to be potent stimulator cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. Dissociation of thyroid glands that had been cultured in vitro for 14 days yielded only follicle epithelium, and these cells showed the same labeling density of H-2 complex antigens as on uncultured cells. Dissociation of islets of Langerhans yielded capillary endothelial cells and beta cells, neither of which expressed detectable Ia antigens. The labeling results are discussed in relation to the cellular changes that occur during culture in vitro and the altered behavior of cultured allografts. PMID- 7010713 TI - Regression on oxymetholone-induced hepatic tumors after bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia. AB - Treatment of acquired aplastic anemia with androgens has been occasionally associated with the development of hepatic tumors. We have studied a 13-year-old boy with idiopathic aplastic anemia in whom oxymetholone treatment was associated with a partial hematological remission. Thirty-four months later, however, the patient developed multiple hepatic tumors. When oxymetholone therapy was discontinued, the aplastic anemia relapsed. He then underwent bone marrow transplantation from his HLA-A, B, and D-compatible sibling. This was followed by hematological and immunological reconstitution. The hepatic tumors underwent progressive regression after bone marrow transplantation. The patient is now 3 years post-bone marrow transplantation and is in complete remission of his aplastic anemia with no evidence of detectable liver tumors. PMID- 7010714 TI - A heterophile system in human renal transplantation. VIII. The morphological distribution of the antigen in rat tissues. AB - The morphological distribution of heterophile transplant antigen (HTA) was determined in rat tissues using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Human anti-HTA sera were used to localize HTA in rat kidney, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, and stomach. HTA was found in basement membrane and supporting stromal elements of all tissues studied. In the kidney, HTA was demonstrated in tubular basement membrane but not glomerular basement membrane. No evidence for cell surface antigen distribution could be ascertained except for erythrocyte membranes. HTA was not found on endothelium of rat blood vessels. We know of no antigens previously implicated in histocompatibility that are stromal in location. PMID- 7010715 TI - Transplantation--a perspective. PMID- 7010716 TI - The impact of transplantation on immunogenetics (or the importance of a single chance observation and of close international cooperation in unraveling the genetics of HLA). PMID- 7010717 TI - The immunologic basis of the fetal-maternal relationship. PMID- 7010718 TI - Immunosuppression in organ transplantation: past, present, and future. PMID- 7010720 TI - The impact of transplantation on nephrology: how the child fostered the mother. PMID- 7010719 TI - Impact of transplantation on microbiology and infectious diseases. PMID- 7010721 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia and leukemia. PMID- 7010722 TI - The impact of plastic surgery on transplantation from skin graft to microsurgery. PMID- 7010723 TI - The experimental skin allograft in man. PMID- 7010725 TI - The impact of transplantation on the understanding and treatment of diabetes and the pancreas. PMID- 7010724 TI - The ripple effect of liver transplantation. AB - Apart from its own intrinsic importance, liver transplantation has been the stimulus for development of better techniques of hepatic surgery and for a better understanding of hepatic physiology. A particularly important off-shoot of transplantation has been the recognition that factors (called hepatotrophic) are present in the portal blood. The nature of these factors and their influence on the liver have been discussed, as well as the clinical implications of the hepatotrophic concept. PMID- 7010726 TI - The mutual impact of transplantation and advances in the understanding and treatment of metabolic diseases. PMID- 7010727 TI - The impact of cardiac transplantation on contemporary medicine and biology. PMID- 7010728 TI - Some contributions of transplantation to our knowledge of cancer. PMID- 7010730 TI - Sex chromosomal abnormalities in India. PMID- 7010729 TI - Prevention and management of urologic complications following renal transplantation. PMID- 7010731 TI - [Treatment for terminal renal insufficiency in Tunisia: experience of 12 years]. PMID- 7010732 TI - [Stomatology and colonic diseases]. PMID- 7010734 TI - [Mechanical suturing]. PMID- 7010735 TI - [Carbon disulfide. A toxicological review and a case of poisoning]. PMID- 7010733 TI - [Effect of liposomally entrapped insulin administered per os on the blood glucose level in normal and diabetic rats]. AB - The article deals with the effect of insulin which was incorporated into lecithin cholesterol (molar ratio 9 : 2) liposomes, administered per os to normal and diabetic Wistar rats on the blood glucose level. The blood glucose level 1.5 h after the administration of insulin is shown to decrease significantly in diabetic rats. The maximum effect is observed 3 h after and then the blood glucose level gradually increases, being considerably lower than the control one 20 h after as well. Insulin in liposomes when given orally has no hypoglycaemic effect in the normal rats. A slight but statistically significant decrease in the blood glucose level is determined in the diabetic rats after administration per os of liposome-absorbed insulin. The blood glucose level is practically the same as in the control when insulin is administered to the normal rats. Possible mechanisms of the insulin action in liposomes are discussed. PMID- 7010736 TI - [Value of glucocorticoid treatment in various forms of cerebral edema]. PMID- 7010738 TI - [Treatment of fresh injuries of the capsule and the ligaments of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical treatment of ruptured knee ligaments is indicated, when stress roentgenograms reveal medial or lateral laxity of more than 3 degree compared with the uninjured knee. Operation is recommended on the day of injury until 2 weeks after trauma. A medial or lateral parapatellar incision on the side of laxity is used. It extends distally as far as the tibial tubercle and swings posteriorly at a 45 degree angle to the posterior border of the tibia. The skinflap is reflected including all superficial tissues down to the fascia. By this method collateral ligaments and deep capsular structures as well as cartilage, bone and menisci can be inspected. Ligaments and capsular tears are repaired with atraumatic sutures. Special surgical techniques are required to reattach the inferior margin of the posterior capsule to the tibia. Weak and split collateral ligaments or lax capsular structures are reinforced by a simultaneous tendon transfer. After surgery, the joint must be immobilized in 30 degrees of flexion by an articulated toe-to-groin plaster cast, which allows active motion between 20 and 60 degrees of flexion for 6 weeks. After removal of the cast, resistance exercises are necessary to regain stability. No sport is permitted until at least 4 months after surgery. Results in 50 cases revealed full stability of the knee joint and ability to engage in sports in 72% of patients. PMID- 7010737 TI - [The technic of the autologous transplantation of callous bone (author's transl)]. AB - Primary or secondary grafting with autologous cancellous bone has become a routine procedure combined with osteosynthetic measures. At the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt 422 transplantations of autologous cancellous bone were performed during the last 6 years. The technique of obtaining the cancellous bone from the tibial head became highly standardized. PMID- 7010739 TI - [Experimental microvascular surgery with the aid of scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 7010740 TI - [Role of histamine in eczema]. PMID- 7010741 TI - [Renal transplantation at the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital: 10-year experience]. PMID- 7010742 TI - [Renal transplant and pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7010743 TI - [Renal transplant and rehabilitation]. PMID- 7010744 TI - [Surgical complications of renal transplant]. PMID- 7010746 TI - Pathophysiologic principles of male infertility. PMID- 7010745 TI - Evaluation of the infertile or subfertile male. PMID- 7010748 TI - [The great Russian surgeon, Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (on the centenary of his death)]. PMID- 7010747 TI - Recent advances in male infertility research. PMID- 7010749 TI - [Complications and causes of death in terminal kidney failure treated by dialysis and cadaveric kidney transplant]. PMID- 7010750 TI - [Reasons for the removal of a kidney allograft]. PMID- 7010751 TI - [Disorder of urine outflow from the kidney and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7010753 TI - New assays for prostatic acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. PMID- 7010754 TI - Incidence and etiology of prostate cancer. PMID- 7010752 TI - [Lysozyme and the kidneys]. PMID- 7010755 TI - Prostate tumor biology and cell kinetics--theory. PMID- 7010756 TI - Diagnosis of carcinoma of prostate. PMID- 7010757 TI - Roles of lymphangiography and pelvic lymphadenectomy in staging prostate cancer. PMID- 7010758 TI - Lymph node evaluation in prostatic cancer: is pelvic lymph node dissection necessary? PMID- 7010762 TI - Cooperative clinical of single and combined agent protocols: adjuvant protocols. National Prostatic Cancer Project Cooperative Clinical Trials. PMID- 7010759 TI - Neomycin-induced neuromuscular blockade. AB - The unusual complication of neuromuscular blockade secondary to neomycin absorption is described. The syndrome characterized by acute muscle flaccidity, diaphragmatic breathing, and central nervous system depression presents a potentially fatal situation. Appropriate treatment of this complication includes respiratory assistance and calcium gluconate administration (IV). A review of the pediatric literature reveals 12 previous cases, of which 2 were secondary to urologic procedures. PMID- 7010761 TI - External radiotherapy. PMID- 7010763 TI - VACURG randomised trial of radical prostatectomy for stages I and II prostatic cancer. Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group. PMID- 7010764 TI - [Bleeding from the upper respiratory tract in Glanzmann's thrombopenia]. PMID- 7010760 TI - Cryptococcosis (torulosis) of prostate. AB - Cryptococcus infection is probably more frequent than is commonly supposed; in fact, it has been estimated that there are 2,000 undiagnosed cases for every proved case of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans. Prostatic involvement with cryptococcus is not commonplace, but it should be kept in mind when granulomatous changes are noted microscopically in the proper clinical setting. Presented here is the sixth case reported to date presenting with prostatic obstruction. PMID- 7010765 TI - A comparison of the antibacterial action of five udder washes. AB - Five commercially available udder washes were tested for antibacterial action. Four contained iodine and one chlorhexidine. Each product was used exclusively for 10 days and its bactericidal action compared with that of water. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated in all five washes but the chlorine based product performed better than the iodine washes. However, the results suggested that the skin of cows' teats can be cleansed with water as effectively as with an added product. PMID- 7010767 TI - Renal transplant surgery in the dog. PMID- 7010766 TI - Sensitivity testing using halquinol discs. PMID- 7010768 TI - Lamb survival. PMID- 7010769 TI - [Demonstration of enteropathogenic E. coli by the ligated intestinal segment technic]. AB - Through the implementation of the technique of ligated intestinal segments with established the enteropathogenic character of strains E. coli, isolated from calves by means of enteritis. The enteropathogenic E. coli provoked dilatation of the ligated intestinal segments on the basis of the enterotoxin produced by them, whereas in the case of the non-enteropathogenic ones such a reaction was not observed. The dilated intestinal segments were filled with an exudate of watery consistency under pressure and an edema of the mucosis and mesentery was observed. The strain investigated is determined as enteropathogenic or not if it causes dilatation of the ligated intestinal segment in two of the calves tested. Out of the 272 E. coli strains only 43/15.8% proved to be enteropathogenic. The enteropathogenic E. coli refer most frequently to serotypes 08,0101 and 09. PMID- 7010771 TI - Blood group antigens in vascular tumours. Evaluation of the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Determination of blood group isoantigens A, B and H, was performed in benign and malignant vascular tumours of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, using the immunoperoxidase technique. No differences were noted between benign haemagioendotheliomas from children or adults: neither tumour showed the presence of antigens in intercapillary cells. Reactive conditions such as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia showed an intense positive reaction to blood group substances of the endothelial proliferative cells. In malignant tumours no relationship between tumour differentiation and loss of blood group isoantigens was seen. Cases of Kaposi's sarcoma did not show antigens in spindle cells or capillaries but in medium sized vessels variable preservation or loss of blood group isoantigens was found. PMID- 7010770 TI - [Production of a high-titer agglutinating Bordetella bronchiseptica serum]. AB - For a serological identification of Bordetella Bronchiseptica, eliminated from swine ill with atrophic rhinitis, was obtained an agglutinated antiserum. For the purpose rabbits were innoculated 1. w. 2.5-3 kg) and living cultures were used after intravenous injection. For the obtention of a bacterial suspension Muller Hinton's medium was used. Three series of antiserum were produced against Bordetella Bronchiseptica. The first series was obtained after straining the bacterial strain into the medium of McGengou and Muller-Hinton agar and had a high titre 1:640-:1280. The second series was obtained after straining the strain through egg embryos and had a titre 1:5000-:10,000. By straining the strain through egg embryos and young white mice, an antiserum was obtained having the titre 1:20,000-1:40,000. PMID- 7010772 TI - Kidney involvement in Behcet's syndrome. A report of 11 cases studied by optic, ultrastructural and immunopathological techniques. PMID- 7010773 TI - Characterization of the infection of caprine synovial membrane cells by the retrovirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. PMID- 7010774 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of the T4 DNA polymerase (gene 43). PMID- 7010775 TI - [Proteinuria after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7010776 TI - [Development of the Institute of Naval Medicine]. PMID- 7010777 TI - [Quantitative culture of microorganisms in the oropharynx]. PMID- 7010778 TI - [Medical supplies of the Central Hospital of the General Staff and units of the Main Operative Group during the 4th and 5th offensives]. PMID- 7010779 TI - [Cytostatistical classification of stomach cancer using a taxonomic method]. AB - To elaborate certain objective rules for the differential cytological classification of gastric cancer the initial material was studied, which was obtained from 100 gastric cancer patients based on cytological characteristics for 28 morphometric parameters. The results were processed on a computer by an approximation method of statistical classification, and 4 taxons were obtained: the 1st taxon (21 observations) comprised "diffuse" type tumors, characterized cytologically by an isolated arrangement of mucous and signet-ring cells; the 2d and 3d taxons (10 and 51 observations combined "intestinal" type gastric cancer, characterized by adenous complexing of columnar cells without mucus in the cytoplasm; the 4th taxon is characterized by the greatest variance in morphometrical indices and included tumors of anaplastic gastric cancer. The cytostatistical classification according to cell types corresponds to the Lauren histological classification of gastric cancer. PMID- 7010780 TI - Analbuminemia: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Idiopathic analbuminemia was fortuitously detected in a 30-year-old Italian woman. No associated disease condition could be revealed in this patient, the only consistent finding being a slight tendency to develop ankle edema. Asthenia and a moderate hypotension were also recorded. Trace amounts (5.2 mg/100 ml) of serum albumin were determined by immunochemical methods. Laboratory features also included increased circulating levels of cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins, as well as elevation of acute phase reactants and immunoglobulins. Albumin turnover studies showed low albumin synthesis and abnormally slow albumin degradation rate. No consanguinity of the percentage could be traced in this patient and an autosomal recessive transmission of the trait was suggested. An extensive review of the literature disclosed 19 additional cases of this rare condition, their occurrence actually challenging the vital role of albumin in man. Compensatory mechanisms certainly play a role but are only partially understood. PMID- 7010781 TI - [Etiological and clinical diagnosis of various types of Escherichia coli infections]. PMID- 7010782 TI - [Urgent problems of antibacterial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7010783 TI - [Study of hemodynamics by means of radioisotopes in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7010785 TI - [Development of hepatology in the GDR]. AB - Numerous hepatological groups were formed in close correlation with the development of our public health care system, research medical societies and international level of medical science at the higher university institutes and the regional clinics in our country. They are very active as regards medical investigations and development of science, organization of subspecialized medical attendance of patients with diseases of the liver and gall bladder as well as qualification and improving of qualification. Their work corresponds to the international level, in certain fields high achievements being realized. To the administration of the gastroenterological society--and particularly to the gastroenterologists, goes the merit of that development, the organization of the scientific conferences, management of the scientific-research programmes, the stimulation of the publication of papers in scientific periodicals and textbooks and encouragement of the young scientists. PMID- 7010784 TI - [Treatment of ischemic heart disease with complamine]. PMID- 7010786 TI - [Radioisotopic functional diagnosis in uncomplicated hypertension]. AB - General hemodynamics of 70 patients with hypertonic disease was determined as well as the regional hemodynamics in 22 of them via radio-isotope methods, quantitative radiocardiography (QRCG) and determination of the total coronary output (TCO). Statistically significant decrease of circulating blood volume was radiocardiographically determined as well as increase of stroke volume and ventricular volumes and the indices of post-loading--general peripheral vascular resistance, index of aortic rigidity. The total coronary output is increased in patients with and without manifestations of left ventricular hypertrophy resulting from increased diastolic perfusion pressure. PMID- 7010787 TI - [Comparative clinical and radiocardiographic studies in coronary disease]. AB - A clinical-functional characteristics was carried out of 124 patients with coronary disease (104 patients with a past history of myocardial infarction in a post-convalescent stage and 20 patients with atherosclerotic myocardiosclerosis). The patients were distributed into three groups depending on the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Manifestations of decompensation were found only in one of the groups--postinfarction states. A comparison was made of the changes in the central hemodynamics, assessed radiocardiographically. In all the three groups, a decrease of the minute and stroke volumes was radiocardiographically established as well as stasis in the pulmonary circulation, confirmed by the changes in the pulmonary volume of blood and velocity of blood within the pulmonary circulation, a manifestation of left-ventricular insufficiency. Left ventricular insufficiency is found in the patients with coronary disease in the absence of clinical manifestations of cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7010788 TI - [Carbohydrate tolerance and serum insulin in hypertension]. AB - The glycemic and insulinemic curves were followed up in 20 patients with hypertonic disease during the standard oral glucose-tolerance test. Normal glucose-tolerance (NGT) was found in 55%, suspected pathological (SPGT)--in 25% and pathological (PGT)--in 20%. Hypertonics have higher, later reaching its maximum and more prolonged insulin secretion. Normal or borderline normal glucose tolerance is maintained owing to the higher capacity of insulin secretion as compared with the control subjects. Glucose tolerance becomes pathological with the decrease or exhaustion of insulogenic index under that of the control subjects. The elevated blood sugar levels in patients with SPGT and PGT, accompanied with relative (statistically insignificant) hyperinsulinemia in the patients with NGT and PGT and statistically significant in patients with SPGT provide conditions for the enhancement of endogenous synthesis of triglycerides, related to atherogenesis. An opinion is expressed that: I. The hypertonic patients are threatened with atherosclerosis advancement not only by the effect of the increased vascular tone upon that process but also by the enhancement of triglyceride synthesis; 2. Hypertonic disease could be considered a risk factor in the origination of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7010789 TI - [Insulin secretion into the serum in various forms of male hypogonadism in recruits and soldiers]. AB - Significant elevation of insulin was established with the radioimmunological determination of base insulin level in the serum, at 8 o'clock a.m. before meals in 76 patients with various forms of male hypogonadism, recruits and soldiers (Klinefelter syndrome--20, male Turner--2, primary hypogonadism with other known or unknown etiology--12, cryptorchism--14, anorchia--3, secondary hypogonadism- 19, puberty tardia--6). The hyperinsulinemia established is associated with hypercortisolemia, observed in those patients. PMID- 7010791 TI - Mrs. Laennec and the stethoscope. PMID- 7010792 TI - [Evaluation of the method of introduction of intracardiac electrode through the brachiocephalic trunk in the venous angle]. PMID- 7010793 TI - [Fluorouracil in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7010790 TI - Hypophosphatemia. AB - Hypophosphatemia is a common laboratory abnormality that occurs in a wide variety of disorders. When severe and prolonged, it may be associated with rhabdomyolysis, brain dysfunction, myocardial failure and certain defects of erythrocyte function and structure. Other disorders ascribed to hypophosphatemia, including platelet dysfunction and thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction, renal tubular defects, peripheral neuropathy, metabolic acidosis and leukocyte dysfunction are less well documented. In quantitative terms, the most severe phosphate deficiency is seen in patients who consume a phosphate-deficient diet in conjunction with large amounts of phosphate-binding antacids, in persons with severe, chronic alcoholism and in patients with wasting illnesses who are refed with substances containing an inadequate amount of phosphate. When severe hypophosphatemia occurs in such a setting, the clinical effects appear to be much more pronounced. While there have been some advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of phosphate depletion and hypophosphatemia, much remains to be learned. Treatment of hypophosphatemia is controversial; however, there is little question that it is indicated in alcoholic patients and those with severe phosphate deficiency. PMID- 7010794 TI - [Immunoreactive insulin in the blood of patients with diabetes treated with insulin and diabetol]. PMID- 7010795 TI - [Syringes used in the treatment of patients in 1820]. PMID- 7010796 TI - [History of the Medical Society of the Dabrowa Gornicza region]. PMID- 7010797 TI - Esther Everett Lape. Born c. 1880. PMID- 7010798 TI - Women's capacities to perform strenuous work. AB - The literature was reviewed in an attempt to determine women's capacity to perform work. Although the review uncovered a relatively small amount of work devoted to this topic, the published studies suggest that women have both the physiological capacity to perform hard work and the endurance to complete a full day of hard work. However, the studies also suggest that women have limited capabilities to perform tasks requiring lifting, pushing, and pulling. In studies involving climbing and gripping, occupational comparisons were not available. On anthropometric measures the data will not be comparable with work data until occupational information is developed. PMID- 7010799 TI - Biochemical aspects of human milk--comparison with bovine milk. PMID- 7010800 TI - The use of laboratory animals in nutrition research. PMID- 7010801 TI - Malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 7010803 TI - [Immunity reaction in old age (author's transl)]. AB - It was found that 61 per cent of ageing persons (average age 73 years) had no protective concentrations of tetanus antitoxin in their serums. After active immunization with a vaccine (tetanus toxoid) the increase of the tetanus antitoxin concentration was slower and lower in old age compared to the young age. PMID- 7010802 TI - Proteinase inhibitors from Actinomycetales. I. Screening methods and screening efficiency. PMID- 7010804 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of therapy analyses in clinical and ambulatory patients]. PMID- 7010806 TI - [Renal artery stenosis and hypertension]. PMID- 7010805 TI - [Investigations for improving the microscopic detection of mycobacteria following rapid cultivation by means of a rotating incubator. I. Improvement of the fixation technique (author's transl)]. AB - The optimal qualitative and quantitative identification by microscopy of mycobacteria cultivated in liquid medium in including several problems. Acridine orange was used for staining in all investigations. Polyvinyl-alcohol (1--2.5%) proved to be the best means for fixing mycobacteria culture suspensions on slides. A reliable sterilization of the sides was possible with peracetic acid (3%). Tween 80 in the culture medium did not impair the adherence of the fixed suspension on the slide under these conditions. Mycobacteria in a suspension of 10(-4) mg (wet weight) per ml could be still found by microscopy with this procedure. PMID- 7010807 TI - [Non-drug modification of high blood pressure]. AB - Arterial essential patients with hypertension of the clinical degrees of severity I and II are treated either with physical training or with a psychophysiologically orientated therapy, in the centre of which stands the application of a breath-induced relaxation training. After a 4-week daily application the physical training led in 42% of the cases to a significant reduction of the blood pressure. These concerning the blood pressure trainable patients differed from the non-trainable patients among others by the following signs: higher systolic stress and recreation values before the beginning of the training, lower diastolic values, smaller familiar load by hypertension and more frequent disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. After a 3-month psychophysiologic therapy 80% of the patients exhibited normotonic or borderline values in self-measurements of the blood pressure and at first a medicamentous treatment could not be continued. Follow-up examinations for testing the long term effect of the two methods are necessary. PMID- 7010809 TI - [Prolonged functional times of xenogenic kidney transplants by means of anti donor brain globulin (ADBG)]. AB - This paper reports about experimental xenografting of kidneys in closely related species (fox-dog) modifying primary graft rejection by treatment of the recipients with anti-donor brain globulin (ADBG). ADBG, produced by immunisation of rabbits with fox brain tissue, in vitro demonstrates cytotoxicity against fox lymphocytes as well as versus dog lymphocytes. In respect of the phylogenetic constellations, the erythrocytes of both species, too, are influenced in hemagglutinating test. However, kidney tissue is said to be unable to adsorb thymocytolytic antibodies of anti brain sera, thus the way of immunosuppression is directed mostly against the lymphocytes of the recipients, causing here twofold survival time compared to untreated controls. MST is 11.2 +/- 2.4 days (n = 5). Cytotoxic antibodies appear on the 8th day after surgery, that means 4 days later than in the controls. Histological findings correspond to those of untreated recipients. PMID- 7010810 TI - [Lymphatic vessels and blood vessels of the lung and of the bronchial anastomosis after autotransplantation--an experimental study]. AB - Changes of the lymph and blood vessels of the lung and of the bronchus anastomosis were investigated in dogs in several times after 180 autotransplantations of a lobe of the lung. The regeneration of the lymph vessels in the lung autograft started 8-14 days after the operation and was concluded 30 60 days after the operation. Afterwards the lymph vessels had the normal structure and there was no difference to the intact lung. The anatomic regeneration of the lymph vessels in the bronchus anastomosis and the lymph drain from the lung autograft started 8-9 days after the operation and was concluded within the first 14 days. The regeneration of the bronchial arterial system began 6-7 days after the autotransplantation and was completed within the first 14 days. PMID- 7010808 TI - [Immunoglobulins after experimental liver transplantation in pig]. AB - During a period of 14 days after porcine liver transplantation immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM were investigated. IgA and IgG were slightly elevated at the end of investigation. The increase in IgM was higher and significant. This rise in immunoglobulin-level is thought to be a result of immunisation by parenchymatous insults after liver transplantation. PMID- 7010811 TI - [Behavior of serum proteins after experimental liver transplantation in swine]. AB - A typical tendency of the course of the serum proteins is to be observed after experimental liver transplantation. The animals survived the transplantation only a short time if the serum proteins lay below 50 p. c. of the starting value after the transplantation. In animals that survive a longer time 3 groups with characteristic kinds of development are formed. The albumins and the Gc-globulins seem to normalize themselves. Hemopexin and lipo proteins decrease continuously after the transplantation. The "acute-phase-reactants" increase permanently and exceed considerably the pre-operative value. PMID- 7010812 TI - [Orientation of nerve fiber systems in the tangential plane of layer I of the rat neocortex]. AB - The orientation of nerve fibers in the tangential plane of layer I has been studied in silver impregnated paraffin sections and in frozen sections of rat cerebral cortex. The neocortex was divided into 4-6 pieces which were embedded separately and serially cut tangentially to the surface. In these serial sections the orientation of the nerve fibers running parallel to the cortical surface was studied. A system of parallel fibers was revealed which form a distinct pattern in layer Ib that changes in a characteristic way from one region to the next. Diagrams of preferential fiber directions have been drawn into a reconstruction of the entire neocortex. It is assumed that the orientation of the tangential fibers is indicative of associative connections between primary thalamo-cortical projection areas. PMID- 7010814 TI - Evidence for uptake of plamid DNA into intact plants (Lemna perpusilla) proved by an E. coli transformation assay. AB - The water plant Lemna perpusilla has been incubated with the E. coli plasmids pMB9 and pBR325, respectively. Uptake of plasmids has been shown by subsequent transformation of E. coli cells to tetracycline resistance after treatment with Lemna DNA from plasmid-incubated plants. In 7 out of 15 assays we found stable transformants. From the transformation rate an amount of 10(-4) to 10(-6) micrograms plasmid DNA per 10 micrograms of plant DNA can be calculated. PMID- 7010813 TI - Temperature-dependent staining reaction of chromatin by Alcian blue. AB - After treatment with Alcian blue at high temperatures, nuclei from chicken blood smears showed an intense staining reaction, which proved to be dependent on the DNA content of chromatin. The possibility that interactions between the phthalocyanine chromophore and unpaired bases accounts for this temperature dependent staining of chromatin is briefly discussed. PMID- 7010815 TI - Initiation of protein synthesis in yeast: binding of Met-tRNAi. AB - Conditions for the binding of Met-tRNAi to 40 s ribosomal subunits and to proteins isolated out of the yeast ribosomal KCl wash were investigated. Sucrose density gradient experiments revealed that binding of Met-tRNAi to 40 s ribosomal subunits was catalyzed in a AUG and GTP dependent reaction. Binding of Met-tRNAi to proteins of the ribosomal KCl wash as assayed by the Millipore filter technique was found to be independent of AUG, GTP and 40 s ribosomal subunits. Additions of GTP yielded only slight stimulation, whereas Mg2+ caused dissociation of complexes. It was concluded that these reactions were most likely catalyzed by initiation factor eIF-2 although stimulation by GTP did not occur. PMID- 7010818 TI - Harry Lyons: hist story. PMID- 7010817 TI - The specific labeling in hypertonic medium of a spleen protein. AB - The biosynthesis of 12 000 dalton protein species released into the medium by mouse spleen was resistant to the inhibitory effect of hypertonic medium on protein synthesis. This protein fraction comprised 10% or more of the total radioactive protein in the medium but could hardly be detected in the spleens. It was labeled very often to a higher extent in diseased animals. It is not related antigenically to either beta-microglobin, mouse-interferon, or to mouse immuno globulins. A preferential uptake into cells of certain organs, which, when themselves incubated in organ cultures did not synthesize and release the protein, was observed. PMID- 7010816 TI - Rotation of cells in an alternating electric field: the occurrence of a resonance frequency. AB - Cells suspended in a low-conducting medium were exposed to an alternating electric field whose frequency was altered between 1 kHz and 2 MHz. A resonance frequency was observed at which all suspended cells rotated about an axis normal to the field lines (when the electric field strength was larger than a threshold value of about 400 V/cm). This resonance frequency varied from species to species of cells (mesophyll protoplasts of Avena sativa = 20-40 kHz, human erythrocytes and ghost cells = 80-100 kHz, yeast cells = 140-180 kHz, Friend cells = 30-40 kHz, at room temperature). The resonance frequency of cell rotation was observed only under specific experimental conditions which excluded interference by reversible electrical breakdown of cell membranes and by gravitational forces. Glutardialdehyde fixed and heated cells exhibited no rotation in the frequency and field range investigated. The phenomenon of rotation is discussed in terms of dipole orientation within the membrane. PMID- 7010819 TI - Home glucose monitoring for insulin-dependent diabetics: preliminary results. AB - Home glucose monitoring is one of several new and aggressive approaches to improving blood glucose homeostasis in the insulin-deficient diabetic. The advent of a successful long-term pancreatic transplant or a reliable miniaturized artificial pancreas may, soon, supercede it as a treatment modality, but for the time it would appear that home glucose monitoring is a viable alternative to the more conventional and less successful methods of control and should at least be considered for use in patients with insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7010820 TI - Unusual occurrence of Shigella prostatitis, successfully treated. PMID- 7010821 TI - Hugh Mercer: physician-hero of the American Revolution. PMID- 7010823 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of disorders of cerebrovascular circulation in occlusive diseases of the brachiocephalic trunk]. PMID- 7010825 TI - [Leukocytolysis reaction in dermatoses and syphilis]. PMID- 7010822 TI - [Experimental determination of critical periods for transorganic preservation of the kidneys in oxygen]. PMID- 7010824 TI - [Importance of lymphoid skin formations in immunogenesis]. PMID- 7010827 TI - [Experimental substantiation of treatment of scabies and pediculosis with benzyl benzoate]. PMID- 7010826 TI - [Complexons in the treatment of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7010829 TI - [Bridging large bone defects with bone grafts using vascular microsurgery]. PMID- 7010828 TI - [Rupial and ulcerative syphilids in a patient with secondary fresh syphilis]. PMID- 7010831 TI - [Hemodialysis in children with kidney failure in the GDR]. AB - From our experiences with more than 9.000 haemodialyses in children we render the following three general conclusions: 1. The chronic haemodialysis and the transplantation of a kidney stood the test in the therapy of chronic renal insufficiency in childhood. 2. The most favourable conditions for the performance of the treatment with dialysis in children consist within a special paediatric institution which is achieved by the formation of dialysis centres for children in the GDR. 3. The success of the treatment with dialysis essentially depends on the preparation of the child and on the good cooperation of all persons participating in the treatment. The care system in the GDR which was built up together with the working team children nephrology in 1970 essentially contributes to this fact. PMID- 7010830 TI - [Radionuclide and radiographic studies for the evaluation of results of short and long-term therapy in experimental dog pyelonephritis]. AB - In the animal experiment a pyelonephritis was produced in a dog. The results of a short-term therapy and of a long-term therapy are tested by means of the urine sediment, the urine culture, the excretion urography, radionephrography, angiography and histology. PMID- 7010832 TI - [Physiological-pathophysiological evaluation of possibilities and limits of unilateral renal function tests]. AB - 1. Issuing from the clinical method of proceeding in side-separated diagnosis of the renal function under theoretical aspect a survey orientation for the renal global function is tried. 2. The method orientation is done according to semiquantitative and quantitative valuation. The isotope and contrast remedy urography, the functional tests after Howard, Rapoport and Stamey, the conventional side-separated estimation of the clearance, the isotope sequence scintigraphy as well as the diagnostics of the renal and intrarenal haemodynamics (renin determination, measuring of the renal plasma flow by means of PAH and other indicators [133-xenon-wash-our-technique]). 3. Finally a valuation of the method concerning the side-separated diagnostics of the renal elimination function as well as of the stenosis of the renal arteries is done taking into consideration the performability of the investigation methods in the clinic. PMID- 7010835 TI - [Experiences with the Mikruvid methylene blue reduction test in the diagnosis of bacteriuria. A contribution to the trial of a screening procedure]. AB - A bacteriuria tablet test based on methyl-blue reduction was examined for its reliability as screening method for the recognition of infections of the urinary tract. 860 urine specimens of male and female patients were investigated which had been got before the beginning of an antibiotic therapy. Apart from simple handling and little expenses the tablet test distinguishes itself by a sensitivity of 99.3% in infected urines with numbers of germs = 10(5) K/ml urine and 96% in the urine specimens infected by pathogenic germs abd a number of germs of 5 X 10(4)--10(5) K/ml urine, respectively. Contamination germs are in most cases suppressed by the tablet test. The specificity in our investigation material is about 97.2%. In a positive result of the reaction it is possible to send the specimens for the differentiation of germs and for the antibiogram directly to the nearest bacteriological laboratory. This test gives the possibility systematically to control endangered groups of persons in large quantity and to begin an aimed therapy in significant bacteriuria without any greater delay according to the findings of the antibiogram. PMID- 7010836 TI - [The urinary system in gynecological tumors]. PMID- 7010837 TI - [Simplified method of methacrylate embedding for undecalcified bone sections (author's transl)]. AB - A simplified technique of methacrylate embedded bone biopsies for the diagnosis of bone and haemoblastic disorders is described. Hard tissues are fixated for routine purposes in the Schaffner mixture. Fixations are carried out for fluorescent marked bone using Carnoy mixture and for histochemical methods using 4% purified formaldehyde buffered in 0.1 M solidum cacodylate at pH 7.2. Then, the bone cylinders are dehydrated, defetted and stored at 4 degrees C in methacrylate solution (1 vol. of methyl-methacrylate, 3 vol. of butylmethacrylate, 2.5% benzodylderoxide for 24 hours in vacuum). After the immersion the bones are transferred to plastic capsules filled with the methacrylate mixture described above. The polymerisation takes place in a water bath at 25--26 degrees C. Sections of 4--6 micron thickness can be cut on a special microtome, and after removal of the plastic material by means of toluene they are stained. Results of the method are demonstrated by micrographs. PMID- 7010833 TI - [Lymphocyturia following kidney transplantation]. AB - Of 145 patients to whom was transferred a cadaver kidney in the Kidney Transplantation Centre Berlin from 1976 to 1978 we examined 4,638 fresh urines (on an average 32 urines per patient) for the existence of lymphocytes during the postoperative hospital stay. The following frequency distribution could be established: 3,377 tests without lymphocytes (72.8%), 1,093 tests with a slight degree lymphocyturia (less than or equal to 10 lymphocytes/sediment, = 23.6%), 168 tests with a clear lymphocyturia (greater than 10 lymphocytes/sediment, = 3.6%). Here the appearance of a clear lymphocyturia could occasionally be proved at the beginning of rejection crises, in ruptures of the transplant, severe infections and transitory deteriorations of the transplant function, but also at the beginning of the function of the transplant and even at the moment of an undisturbed function of the transplant. According to these findings the determination of the lymphocyturia cannot be recommended for the rejection diagnostics. PMID- 7010834 TI - [Transureterureterostomy with definitive nephrostomy--a form of supravesicular urination]. AB - It is reported on 8 transureter-ureterostomies with onesided definitive nephrostomy. In one case the observation period of the definitive urination was about 5 years. We found shorter times of observation, when the patients died of their basic disease. In one case postoperatively a suture insufficiency developed. There were no difficulties with the definitive nephrostomy. The problems of the various methods of supravesical urination are discussed. PMID- 7010839 TI - [Principles of a build-up technic. 2]. PMID- 7010840 TI - [Stiffness of model cast frames]. PMID- 7010838 TI - [An endogenous factor in periodontal diseases. Review, therapy and implications in total medicine]. PMID- 7010843 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Werner Zoege von Manteuffel]. PMID- 7010844 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (23)]. PMID- 7010842 TI - [Juvenile bone cysts (author's translation)]. AB - 37 young persons suffering from juvenile bone bone cysts underwent surgery. The operative treatment consisted of meticulous excochleation and refilling of the cavity with homologous or autologous cancellous bone chips. Relapses occurred in 14 cases twice. Allogenous material suits best for primary treatment. In case of relapse autogenous bone chips sould be used. PMID- 7010845 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (24)]. PMID- 7010841 TI - [Uncertainties in handling of dental plastics in casting operations. 2]. PMID- 7010846 TI - [Crohn's disease, a review. Part I (author's transl)]. AB - Detailed presentation of "Crohn's disease" according to the present knowledge including epidemiology, etiopathology, pathological anatomy, histology, history, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, medical management, surgical treatment, prognostic outcome, complications and cancer risk. PMID- 7010848 TI - Obituary: Miss M. B. Buck M.B.E. PMID- 7010847 TI - [Studies into diagnostic value of detection of antibody to Candida in patients with vaginal mycosis (author's transl)]. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence test for the detection of antibody to Candida was checked for its diagnostic usefulness on pregnant and non-pregnant women with vaginal mycosis. The test proved to be effective in detecting humoral antibody to Candida also in cases of vaginal mycosis. However, comparison between patients with vaginal mycosis, on the one hand, and those without, on the other, did not yield substantive difference in titre distribution. Hence, this serological method cannot be considered adequate for diagnosis for vaginal mycosis. PMID- 7010849 TI - [Independence of the slowly progressive form of schizophrenia]. AB - The development stereotype of slowly progressive schizophrenia is determined by a long subclinical course (latent period), a protracted stage of florid psychopathological signs (active period) and an eventual stabilization seen in the late phases of the process. The clinical picture of the active period and the defect structure is characterized by axial symptoms, the typology of which is considered as a basis of the following systematics of slowly progressive schizophrenia: 1) latent schizophrenia; 2) slowly progressive schizophrenia with obsessions; 3) slowly progressive schizophrenia with hysterical symptoms; 4)slowly progressive schizophrenia with depersonalization; 5) hypochondriacal schizophrenia (non-delusional hypochondria); 6) slowly progressive delusional schizophrenia; 7) slowly progressive schizophrenia with a prevalence of affective disturbances; 8) schizophrenia with poor symptoms. PMID- 7010850 TI - [Thousandth anniversary of the birth of Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (980-1037)]. PMID- 7010851 TI - [Organization of advanced psychiatric training in Russia]. PMID- 7010853 TI - [Stereotaxic biopsy of supratentorial brain tumors]. PMID- 7010854 TI - Clinical evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of metoprolol in combination with hydrochlorothiazide and hydralazine in an unselected hypertensive population. AB - One hundred nineteen patients with essential hypertension (96 completing six months and 92 a one year study period) were randomized into four parallel groups and treated with one of four programs: 200 mg of metoprolol plus placebo; 200 mg of metoprolol plus 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide; 200 mg of metoprolol plus 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, or; 200 mg metoprolol plus 50 mg of hydralazine. Blood pressure reduction was significant in these all groups and no differences were observed in blood pressure reduction among the groups. During the one year therapy the levels of serum bilirubin, uric acid and triglycerides were significantly increased in all groups but the group treated with metoprolol and hydralazine. Serum cholesterol level did not increase in any group during the one year therapy. The results indicate that the combination therapy in mild to moderate hypertension should not be initiated before individual response to single drug therapy is evaluated. Antihypertensive drug treatment may cause some biochemical changes and those changes seem to be smallest patients treated with combination of beta-blocker and hydralazine. PMID- 7010855 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with newly discovered juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus in the days immediately following the beginning of insulin treatment. AB - We studied the behavior of fast hemoglobin fractions in newly discovered diabetic patients, before and in the 10 days immediately following the beginning of insulin therapy, in order to verify whether or not the rapid improvement of glycemic control involved a rapid reduction of total HbA1 and of its fractions. We observed a rapid and highly significant fall of HbA1(a+b+c) and HbA1c levels after only 1 or 2 days of insulin therapy, followed by a slower decrement in the other 3-10 days. HbA1(a+b) showed a slower decrement trend, reaching levels significantly below baseline values only after 7-10 days. These results suggest that rapid changes occurring in glycosylated hemoglobin levels after the beginning of insulin treatment in newly discovered diabetic patients involve mainly HbA1c. The kinetics of glycosylated hemoglobin reduction, with a first rapid decrement followed by a slower one, may suggest the hypothesis that rapid changes are due to reversible Schiff base de-glycosylation, the ketoamine linkage being the true index of long term glycemic control. PMID- 7010852 TI - [Dynamics of focal seizure activity during induced sleep in epileptics with uni- and bitemporal foci]. AB - SEEG examination was conducted in 65 patients with temporal epilepsy during hexabarbitone-, diazepam- and sombrevin-induced sleep. It was found that hexabarbitone promotes manifestation of the dependent epileptic foci, while diazepam and sombrevin reveal the determinant epileptic foci and contribute to inhibition of dependent epileptic foci, mainly those localized in the cortex. The fusiform rhythm is mainly marked by cortical representation and is not recorded in the deep structures of the temporal lobes on the side of the determinant epileptic focus. The principal epileptic foci were localized in the limbic structures of the temporal lobes, which possibly determined their determinant role in epileptogenesis. In bilateral independent epileptic foci with a high level of spastic activity, focal epileptic discharges were preserved in the various methods of sleep activation. The possibility of topical diagnosis of the determinant and dependent epileptic foci provides for adequate tactics of surgical management of epilepsy. PMID- 7010856 TI - Comparison between multi-injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy in insulin-dependent diabetic inpatients. AB - Circadian blood glucose profiles have been evaluated in 8 insulin-dependent diabetic inpatients on their usual home insulin therapy, on a 3-injection regimen (ultralente in the morning plus 3 injections of regular insulin at meals), on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by portable micropumps (Mill Hill 1001) and, again, on a 3-injection regimen at the same insulin dose as during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The 3-injection regimen achieved a mean daily blood glucose level comparable to that obtained by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, even if significantly more insulin was needed. At comparable insulin doses, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion provided a significantly lower mean daily blood glucose. Glycemic control at 0600 and 0800 was better during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Low acceptance by the patients of the home use of portable micropumps was evidenced because of the practical and psychological problems involved. PMID- 7010857 TI - Quantification of cells in islets of Langerhans using DNA determination. AB - DNA content seems to be an ideal reference parameter for data on secretory function or metabolism of pancreatic islets. The approved fluorometric DNA assay with diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) of Kissane and Robins comprises repeated ethanol extractions of the tissue for removal of lipids from which some DABA-reactive aldehydes may originate. In the present study it is demonstrated that only negligible amounts of DABA-positive material are extractable from islets of Langerhans. Furthermore, it is shown that various substances used in experiments on the endocrine pancreas do not interfere with the DABA-DNA reaction. A modification of the original DABA procedure which does not include ethanol extractions and which is thus more simple and accurate is described for application to pancreatic islets in the absence as well as in the presence of incubation medium. A close linear correlation between islet dry weight and islet DNA content is demonstrated. Islets from rats, normal mice, and ob/ob mice contain 38.3-39.2 ng DNA per microgram dry weight. PMID- 7010858 TI - Oral glucose tolerance and insulin response after one week's clonidine treatment in hypertensive patients. AB - Acute clonidine administration is known to induce a significant rise in plasma glucose in man. In order to evaluate the possible effect of prolonged drug treatment on glucose metabolism, paired OGTTs were performed in 12 hypertensive patients (6 with normal and 6 with abnormal glucose tolerance) in basal conditions and following 1-week's administration of clonidine (0.15 mg every 8 h) Basal plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration as well as glucose tolerance and insulin response to oral glucose did not change in either group after treatment. Although the mechanism(s) mediating the transient hyperglycemic action of clonidine are not fully understood, the present findings indicate that this drug does not exert diabetogenic effects during chronic treatment, and suggest that homeostatic mechanisms may counteract the acute effect of clonidine on glucose metabolism. PMID- 7010860 TI - Changes in pituitary LH content and LH secretion in the long-term ovariectomized rat during prolonged infusion of LRH. AB - LH secretion and the depletion of the pituitary LH stores caused by continuous infusion of LRH, were studied in the 5-weeks ovariectomized rat. After 1 day of infusion at the rate of 416 ng/h, pituitary LH content decreased to about 40% of its initial value. Upon continuation of the infusion the LH content increased slowly until, after 7 days, it increased to about 54% of the original value. The plasma LH concentrations, after having reached peak values of 7122 +/- 291 ng/ml after 2 h of infusion, declined to a plateau at about 300 ng/ml but it took 5 days to reach this value. When after either 2 or 8 days of LRH infusion at the rate of 416 ng/h the infusion was changed to a 'supramaximal' rate of 10,400 ng/h for 24 h, a transient secondary rise of LH secretion was induced. The magnitude of the secondary response, was essentially the same after 2 or 8 days of LRH infusion, but these secondary responses were significantly smaller than the LH response during a similar LRH-infusion in previously untreated ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7010861 TI - Recovery of the pituitary gland from LRH-induced refractoriness to LRH in the ovariectomized rat. AB - Recovery of the pituitary gland from LRH-induced refractoriness to LRH was studied in 5-weeks ovariectomized rats. Rats first received over a period of 48 h an infusion of LRH at a rate of 416 ng/h. After discontinuation of this infusion pituitary LH content had decreased to about 50% of its original value and the rate of LH secretion decreased markedly. Over a period of 72 h after discontinuation of the infusion plasma LH values rose to pre-infusion values but pituitary LH content showed such a recovery only partly. In another series of experiments a second infusion of LRH was given during 24 h and again at a rate of 416 ng/h, starting 3, 12, 24 or 72 h after discontinuation of the first infusion. It induced rises of LH secretion which were smaller than those following the first infusion, indicating refractoriness of the pituitary gland to LRH. However, the LH responses became progressively larger with increasing time intervals after the end of the first infusion. This stimulation of LH release was accompanied by a further decrease of pituitary LH content which was still depressed after the first infusion. Comparison of plasma LH levels and pituitary LH content indicated that pituitary responsiveness to LRH can recover independently from pituitary LH content. It can also be concluded that the absolute value of the blood LRH concentration can not be the sole determining factor of LH secretion. PMID- 7010859 TI - An investigation into the origin of the pro-oestrus/oestrus change in pituitary responsiveness to LRH of the pseudopregnant rat. PMID- 7010862 TI - Characterization of placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor-like material. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were employed to characterize luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF)-like material in the human placenta. Methanol extracts of the placenta were washed with acetic acid and chloroform, further purified on coarse octadecylsilane columns, fractionated on HPLC, and tested by radioimmunoassay. In HPLC, placental LRF had the same retention time as synthetic LRF, and such fractions gave an inhibition curve which was parallel to that of synthetic LRF in radioimmunoassay. It is concluded that human placental LRF is similar or identical to LRF in the central nervous system. PMID- 7010863 TI - Influence of starvation on testosterone-luteinizing hormone feedback in the rat. PMID- 7010864 TI - Direct long-term effect of hydrocortisone on insulin and glucagon release from mouse pancreatic islets in tissue culture. AB - The effects of glucocorticoids on the pancreatic endocrine function was studied in isolated mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture for 1 to 3 weeks. Following culture for 2 week without corticoid supplement acute experiments with hydrocortisone showed no significant effect on the glucose induced insulin release at 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/l hydrocortisone. When, however, the islets were cultured in the presence of hydrocortisone, there was an increased insulin release to the medium in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximal effect at 10(-7) mol/l hydrocortisone. The release of glucagon to the medium was not affected to the same degree, but showed a slight inhibition at increasing concentrations of hydrocortisone. Short-term experiments after the culture period showed that islets cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l hydrocortisone had an enhanced insulin secretion in response to glucose. The islets did not show any statistically significant change in their insulin- and DNA-content after 3 weeks of culture with hydrocortisone, but a marked reduction in the content of hydrocortisone. The present results suggest that physiological concentrations of hydrocortisone are importance for mouse islets to maintain their insulin production in tissue culture. PMID- 7010865 TI - Effects of octanoate and ketone and bodies on the structure and function of isolated pancreatic islets in tissue culture. PMID- 7010866 TI - Reproductive pharmacology of LHRH and agonists in females and males. PMID- 7010867 TI - Prolactin and hydric electrolytic balance. PMID- 7010868 TI - [Diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 7010869 TI - [Prognostic validity of biochemical data and immunofluorescence microscopy in acute hepatitis B (author's transl)]. AB - For an early identification of chronic courses of hepatitis virus B infections a statistical prediction model based on simple biochemical parameters and immunofluorescence microscopy for the investigation of virus HBs and HBc antigen expression in liver tissue is established. As early as 3 weeks after maximum liver cell damage it is possible to identify chronic virus B infections and to predict the further course of hepatitis (CPH, CAH). PMID- 7010870 TI - Description and life-cycle of Glycyphagus (Myacarus) microti sp. n. (Acarina : Sarcoptiformes : Glycyphagidae) from Microtus pinetorum from New York, U.S.A. PMID- 7010871 TI - The smoking habit and psychopharmacological effects of nicotine. PMID- 7010872 TI - Obituary: W. Horsley Gantt (1892-1980). PMID- 7010873 TI - Lack of effect of theophylline on the outcome of acute cerebral infarction. AB - In patients with acute ischemic stroke, dramatic but often transient improvements have been noticed after theophylline injections. Whether better results could be obtained by continuous infusion of the drug was evaluated in a double-blind study. Out of 46 patients with a mean age of 75 years, 22 got theophylline as aminophylline (bolus dose of 230 mg followed by 0.5 mg/kg/h) and 24 placebo during 3 days. The groups were comparable in all aspects at the outset of the trial. Serum theophylline concentrations were kept within the therapeutic range recommended for patients with asthma. No significant difference in outcome was noticed between the groups during the hospital period when repeated neurological assessments by two different scores and mortality were compared. PMID- 7010874 TI - Cimetidine in the prophylaxis of migraine. AB - The prophylactic effect of the histamine H2-blocker cimetidine, either alone or combined with an H1-blocker (chlorpheniramine), was investigated in 34 migraine patients in a double-blind crossover trial. Twelve patients withdrew during the course of the trial, one because of the side effects and the remainder because of failure to attend checkups or to keep adequate record of attacks. In the 22 patients who completed the trial, there were no significant responses to cimetidine or cimetidine + chlorpheniramine, during 3 months' therapy, as compared with 3 months' therapy with placebo, either on number, duration or severity of attacks. The study demonstrates that cimetidine is unlikely to be effective in migraine, and casts doubt on the role of histamine in the development of migraine attacks. PMID- 7010875 TI - Anti-depressive treatment in Parkinson's disease. A controlled trial of the effect of nortriptyline in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA. AB - Nineteen patients with L-DOPA treated parkinsonism involving depressive symptoms, the therapeutic effect of nortriptyline was compared to placebo in a controlled trial. The depressive and neurological symptoms were evaluated by rating scales. Nortriptyline had a clinical significant effect with regard to the depressive symptoms, whereas the neurological parameters were unchanged. The authors suggest the depression in Parkinson's disease to be of both reactive and endogenous origins. PMID- 7010876 TI - Focal ependymal differentiation in choroid plexus papillomas. An immunoperoxidase study. AB - Choroid plexus papillomas are usually easily distinguishable from papillary ependymomas by their delicate fibrovascular stroma and their cytologic similarity to normal choroid plexus epithelium. Exceptionally, however, examples are met which give rise to diagnostic difficulty. We therefore tested 22 choroid plexus papillomas for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein using the immunoperoxidase technique. Positivity for the protein was found focally in epithelial tumor cells in nine of the 22 papillomas. All were in adults ranging from 19-66 years of age. Eight of the nine tumors originated in the 4th ventricle or one of its lateral recesses. In six papillomas showing GFA protein in the cells, intracellular fibrils were found in a small number of elongated epithelial cells with the PTAH and/or Masson trichrome stains; in all these six cases, the GFA protein-positive cells were considerably more numerous than cells containing fibrils. Normal choroid plexus epithelium lacks GFA protein, but pathologically altered ependymal cells are often GFA protein-positive. Our findings therefore suggest that focal divergent glial (presumably ependymal) differentiation may be expressed in neoplastic choroid plexus epithelium, consistent with the origin of this epithelium from primitive neuroepithelial (ventricular) cells. PMID- 7010877 TI - Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. III. Further transmission from three patients and distribution patterns of lesions in mice. AB - Further experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) from three patients to mice and rats was carried out successfully. The clinical signs and pathologic features of spongiform encephalopathy transmitted to animals were much the same as in previous experiments, except that distribution of the lesions in the mice differed with each inoculated material taken from the patients. These observations suggest that multiplicity of CJD agents, as in the case of scrapie agents. PMID- 7010878 TI - [Renin and aldosterone during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Systematical determination of renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PA) in blood of normal and hypertensive pregnant women was done. At the same time, reactive change of PRA and PA to NaCl loading was studied, and the authors gained the following conclusions: 1) In normal pregnant women a significant increase was observed respectively in PRA and PA in comparison with those observed in non-pregnant status (PRA: P less than 0.05, PA: P less than 0.02). A peak (11.85 ng/ml/hr) was formed in PRA at the 32nd week of pregnancy, while in PA an increase lasted until the start of labour, attaining a level of 563.3 pg/ml (mean value). 2) PRA and PA in toxemia of pregnancy were obviously lower in comparison with normal pregnancy in the corresponding period. Analysis by the two dimensional cordinate system in which PA value was represented by axis of abscissas and PRA value by axis of ordinate disclosed that hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy tended to be distributed among patients with low PRA while non hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy was distributed among patients with low PA. 3) In non-pregnant women and those in the first trimester, no noticeable change was displayed by NaCl load either in PRA or in PA, but the reactivity became obvious along with advancement of pregnancy and a high reactivity was shown by pregnant women who were positive in the so-called roll-over test. Also when women whose blood pressure rose to 140/90 mmHg or above after NaCl loading were classified as those positive in NaCl loading test, all the normal pregnant women were negative, but among the patients with hypertensive pregnancy, a positive reaction was represented in half of them in spite of the treatment. The above signifies that the PRA and PA were different in their behaviors in the third trimester, and in the value of PA, participation of aldosterone deriving from fetus was suggested. Analysis of PRA and PA by the two dimensional cordinate system and analysis of the behavioral reaction in NaCl loading test were supposed to be clinically useful for classification of the clinico-pathological types of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7010879 TI - [Immunofluorescent analysis of intracellular localization of estrogen and progesterone in normal human endometrial cells (author's transl)]. AB - Intracellular localization and the heat-dependent redistribution of estrogen and progesterone in human endometrial cells have been investigated by a fluorescent steroid-antibody technique. The dispersed endometrial cells were incubated with 5 X 10(-8) M estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in TC medium 199 containing 10% calf serum for 1--3 hr at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. An indirect immunofluorescent technique using FITC-labeled anti-rabbit IgG and steroid antibodies raised from rabbits immunizing with estradiol-6-oxime-BSA and progesterone-3-oxime-BSA was applied to the smear specimens. In normal endometrial cells in both proliferative and secretory stages, specific fluorescences to estradiol and progesterone were generally observed in the cytoplasm after incubation with the steroids at 4 degrees C for 1 hr. When these cells were incubated with the steroids at 37 degrees C for 1 hr, cytoplasmic and predominant nuclear fluorescences were detected, whereas the 3 hr-incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in disappearance of cytoplasmic fluorescence, remaining nuclear fluorescence alone. These fluorescences were remarkedly eliminated when endometrial cells were incubated with diethylstilbestrol and R-5020 prior to the incubation with estradiol and progesterone, respectively. These results indicate that the fluorescent steroid-antibody technique used in this study enables us to visualize subcellular localization of estradiol and progesterone possibly bound to receptors in each endometrial cell. PMID- 7010880 TI - [Cellular heterogeneity of steroid reactivity in human endometrial carcinoma: an approach by an immunofluorescent steroid-antibody technique (author's transl)]. AB - The dispersed cancer cells obtained from biopsy or surgical specimens of 12 patients with endometrial carcinoma were incubated with 5 x 10(-8) M estradiol-17 beta or progesterone in TC medium 199 containing 10% calf serum at 37 degrees C for 1 hr. The immunofluorescent steroid-antibody technique using FITC-labeled anti-rabbit IgG and steroid antibodies raised from rabbits immunized with estradiol-6-oxime-BSA and progesterone-3-oxime-BSA was applied to the smear specimens and freeze-dry sections that had been incubated with these steroids. In 6 cases, there was a mixed cell-population with or without nuclear fluorescence to estradiol and progesterone. The cellular heterogeneity with respect to nuclear fluorescence was confirmed by the immunofluorescent technique applied to the freeze-dry sections. Two cases showed weak cytoplasmic fluorescence to estradiol and progesterone, but nuclear fluorescence was negative. In 3 cases, there was no immunoreactivity to these steroids. One case exhibited the similar distributional patterns of cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescence to those of normal endometrial cells. These results indicated that in endometrial cancer, there were some impairments of subcellular steroid dynamics in comparison with those of normal cells and that cellular heterogeneity of the steroid reactivity might exist in some cases. PMID- 7010881 TI - The use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labor. A controlled clinical study. AB - Seventy parturient women were randomized into two groups, one receiving transcutaneous nerve stimulation, the other mock stimulation with an identical looking apparatus. The patients' assessment of pain relief and the use of analgesics during labor were recorded. There was no difference between the two groups in the degree of pain relief. There was no reduction in the need for analgesics which could be ascribed to the use of nerve stimulation. The use of analgesics in each patient was correlated to the duration of labor. PMID- 7010882 TI - Bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. V. Effects of topical antibiotics on the preoperative conjunctival flora. AB - In a randomized study comprising 60 patients, six different prophylactic regimens were evaluated for their effectiveness in eradicating bacteria on the conjunctivas before surgery. Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic solution was the only antibiotic able to eliminate bacteria in almost all of the examined patients. The other drugs (chloramphenicol solution, oxytetracycline-polymyxin B ointment, sulphamethizole, bacitracin-neomycin and ristocetin-polymyxin B solutions) were not effective, although most of the isolated strains were sensitive to the respective antibiotics, probably because of the short treatment period (18 h). The problem of prophylactic therapy of ophthalmology is discussed, and some guide lines are given. PMID- 7010883 TI - Lacrimal pathology evaluated by dynamic lacrimal scintigraphy. AB - This study of pathological lacrimal systems demonstrated the usefulness and sensitivity of dynamic lacrimal scintigraphy (dynamic use of computer assisted gamma camera). The method was very sensitive; even small lacrimal obstructions caused a distinct change of the outflow curves. This technique complements other tests in lacrimal assessment especially in patients with epiphora and normal conventional tests. PMID- 7010884 TI - The ocular responses of oral administration of penbutolol in the glaucomatous patient. AB - A single oral dose of 20 mg or 40 mg Penbutolol was given to two groups of ten untreated glaucoma patients. The drug significantly decreased intraocular pressure and was dose-related. The IOP response was paralleled with a decrease in pulse rate without significant effect on blood pressure. In another group 27 glaucoma patients, which were under sufficient IOP control following topical treatment with different antiglaucomatous agents, the daily peroral treatment with 40 mg Penbutolol did not result in a further decrease of IOP. However, a significant drop in pulse rate could be noted over the four weeks period of treatment in this series of patients. Blood pressure was, similar to the single does study, not significantly affected. Penbutolol treatment did not significantly change pupillary diameter, quantitative tear flow or corneal sensitivity. The potential usefulness of the drug in glaucomas with systemic hypertension or as additive treatment when topical treatment is insufficient is outlined. PMID- 7010885 TI - A multicentre study of the effect and tolerance of Ocusert-P-40. AB - The suitability of treatment with Ocusert-P-40, a lamellar system inserted in the eye and allowing the constant release of pilocarpine, was studied in a group of patients (age range 43-83 years) with wide-angle glaucoma. Those patients completing a 3-week trial were included in an 8 month follow-up study in which the long-term efficacy and tolerance of Ocusert were studied. Treatment was discontinued in 13 of the 42 patients in the 3-week trial owing to initial irritation and retention problems (n = 11) or unsatisfactory control of the intraocular pressure (I.O.P.) (n = 2). Of the 29 patients entering the long-term study, two were withdrawn because of tolerance problems and two as a result of unsatisfactory control of I.O.P. The 25 patients completing the study considered the Ocusert system more convenient and less liable to produce troublesome side effects than their previous therapy. Ocusert was best tolerated by the younger patients. PMID- 7010887 TI - Computer densitometry of retinal nerve fibre atrophy. A pilot study. AB - Lack of nerve fibre layer opacity and a granular appearance of the retina are important funduscopic signs in optic atrophy. In this pilot study serially obtained fundus photographs from a case with developing optic atrophy where subjected to computer densitometry. A monotonic increase in local density variations was found during evolution of optic atrophy. The change in density variations closely followed the funduscopic change in nerve fibre layer opacity. This method makes it possible to detect and quantify diffuse atrophy of the retinal nerve fibre layer. PMID- 7010888 TI - Corneal graft rejection probably mediated by antibodies. AB - A clinical and laboratory analysis of a rejection episode is presented. A clear graft in a non-vascularized cornea from 1975 was rejected when the contralateral eye was grafted in 1979. Clinically this case was unique by showing no endothelial rejection line and no precipitates and, as seen after successful treatment, no endothelial cell loss. A test for direct cell mediated lympholysis (DCML) was negative while antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was positive at time of rejection, and negative three months later. This case suggests that humoral factors may be involved in corneal graft rejection. PMID- 7010886 TI - Timolol versus pilocarpine separately or combined with acetazolamide-effects on intraocular pressure. AB - Fifty-eight patients with intraocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma participated in a double masked randomized study. Timolol in concentrations 0.25% and 0.5% was compared with 1, 2, or 4% pilocarpine Acetazolamide (250 mg x 3) was added if intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled with the highest concentrations tested. No statistical difference was found in hypotensive effect between pilocarpine and timolol neither on ocular hypertensions nor glaucomas. The additive hypotensive effect of acetazolamide was the same for both substances. Once a day by administration of timolol was sufficient in 17 of 20 cases controlled merely by topical administration. PMID- 7010889 TI - A simple apparatus for controlled rate corneal freezing II. AB - A corneal freezer without electrical or mechanical function is described. Cooling is achieved by partial immersion of the freezing unit in liquid nitrogen. The cooling rate is controlled by the heat content in the unit and the facility for heat removal from the unit. Corneas are frozen in aluminum vials. Corneas are thawed in less than 30 sec without risk of over heating, when the vials are placed on the metal core of another freezing unit at room temperature. PMID- 7010890 TI - Cryopreservation of human cadaver corneas regenerated at 31 degrees C in a modified tissue culture medium. AB - Human corneas were obtained 2-82 h post mortem, cultured for 20-28 h, in a modified tissue culture medium, frozen at a controlled rate, and thawed rapidly. The thawed corneas were subjected to 20-28 h of additional culture. Immediately after thawing, a mean endothelial cell damage of 11% was indicated by trypane blue staining. The mean endothelial cell loss during the subsequent culture was 34%. This cell loss was not related to post mortem time, to donor age, to cell loss during the primary culture, or to endothelial cell density. PMID- 7010891 TI - The long-term ocular and systemic effects of topically applied metoprolol tartrate in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. AB - Ten patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma were treated over 4 months with the betablocker Metoprolol tartrate as 3% eye drops twice daily. Intraocular pressures were significantly lowered by the drug in all patients throughout the study. The mean initial IOP response was 36% relative decrease, the maintenance IOP decrease ranged between 23 and 30%. There was partial loss of the initial response within the first weeks of treatment. Topical Metoprolol treatment possibly affects systolic blood pressure and heart rate. There had been no objective side effects of Metoprolol treatment. The most common subjective side effects were burning, itching and tearing. The therapeutic significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 7010893 TI - Low-dose heparin in proximal femoral fractures. Failure to prevent deep-vein thrombosis. AB - The effect of heparin, 5000 units every 8 hours, on deep venous thrombosis in patients with proximal femoral fractures was investigated in a controlled, double blind, randomised study. Heparin or placebo was administered as soon as possible after the fracture, and before 6 hours had passed, and was continued for 14 days. The diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis was made using daily I125 fibrinogen scans. A total of 130 patients endured the trial and the results were registered on a sequential diagram. This showed that the 0-hypothesis could not be rejected, and that consequently no difference in the frequency of deep-vein thrombosis was detected. PMID- 7010894 TI - [Acoustic impedance in audiology]. PMID- 7010892 TI - Antibiotic containing bone cement beads in the treatment of deep muscle and skeletal infections. AB - Forty-eight cases of osteomyelitis or bacterial arthritis operated on with eradication of infections lesions were randomly treated either by insertion of suction-irrigation drainage or by implantation of gentamicin beads. The average follow-up time was 2 years. There was no difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups. The gentamicin treated patients were however more easily cared for as the suction-irrigation drainage required constant attention. Local temporary treatment with gentamicin beads should be used in cases of deep gram negative muscle and skeletal infections where it would otherwise be necessary to give toxic antibiotics. PMID- 7010895 TI - Pulmonary mechanics, chest X-ray and lung disease after mechanical ventilation in low birth weight infants. AB - Pulmonary mechanics, chest X-ray and the incidence of clinical lung disease were studied in 41 low birth weight infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period. Shortly after IPPV most patients, irrespective of X-ray findings, had signs of lung damage reflected in low dynamic compliance or high pulmonary resistance. Both parameters, however, had a strong tendency towards normalization during the first year of life. Overdistention on chest X-ray was common at 6--12 months of age. Pneumonia and bronchitis were common during the first two years of life but subsided later on. Development of BPD or later respiratory disease were not correlated to treatment with high inspired oxygen concentrations but commonest in patients with hyaline membrane disease. The combined findings of pulmonary mechanics and chest X-ray shortly after IPPV were correlated to later clinical lung disease. PMID- 7010896 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital bleeding disorders. PMID- 7010897 TI - Review article. Congenital complete heart block. AB - Isolated congenital complete heart block has a heterogenous aetiology. In approximately one-third of the patients in the present material the mothers had symptoms or signs of connective tissue disease. The mortality is highest in the neonatal period, much lower during childhood and adolescence and increases slowly later in life. There are elderly patients who are completely asymptomatic but patients are also encountered with signs and symptoms of more or less severe myocardial damage. Stokes-Adams attacks may occur at any age. About 10% of patients below 15 years of age in this material and about 25% of those above 15 years (mean age 30 years) were paced. In the neonatal period the predominant indication for pacing was heart failure. It is difficult to make a prognosis in the individual patient. Apart from already known risk factors, a fixed or decreasing low ventricular rate neonatally and a prolonged QT time seem to be bad prognostic signs. PMID- 7010898 TI - Sensitivity to exogenous insulin and release of endogenous insulin in hypopituitary non-hypoglycemic children treated with hGH. PMID- 7010899 TI - Physical exercise and juvenile diabetes--summary and conclusions. AB - The various metabolic effects of physical exercise in ketotic diabetics, non ketotic diabetics and non-diabetics are summarized. A favorable metabolic effect is only observed during optimal insulin administration, while in ketotic diabetics exercise may aggravate the metabolic situation. The use of exercise as a tool in the routine treatment of young diabetics is described. Activity produced hypoglycemia should be prevented through an adequate food intake and through patient education. Regular exercise may postpone the appearance of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7010900 TI - Physical exercise in relation to degree of metabolic control in juvenile diabetics. AB - Physical exercise is considered to be one of the basic principles in the management of diabetes, but the evidence to support the long-term benefit of exercise in insulin dependent diabetes is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of physical activity on the degree of metabolic control, and different groups of diabetics were studied, the largest including 143 children and adolescents with an age at onset between 1-16 years (mean +/- S.D. 7.3 +/- 3.9) and duration of diabetes 1-17 years (7.8 +/- 4.6). In the first part of the study there was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001) between degree of physical activity based on a weekly history and index of metabolic control (proportion of daily urine tests without glucosuria), when other factors of importance for metabolic control were kept constant. With a statistical technique it was possible to show that the observed correlation had its direction from physical exercise to degree of metabolic control. The positive correlation between degree of exercise and metabolic control could be confirmed in a follow-up during two other years. However, it was also evident that in many single patients the correlation between degree of physical exercise and metabolic control was rather negative. Several explanations are possible. The importance of adequate insulin treatment for a positive effect of exercise is stressed. PMID- 7010901 TI - Experiences from a winter camp for teenage diabetics. AB - Experiences are described from a winter camp, where the main purpose was to show the campers how to handle diet and insulin in connection with strenuous, repeated exercise. Twelve diabetics, aged 12-17 years attended a 7 days long winter camp. The relative decrease in the daily insulin dose vs. pre-camp dose was 11.8 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- S.E.), and the relative increase in caloric intake was 31 +/- 4%. The balance of diabetes was in most cases fair to good at the start of the camp and remained unchanged. No severe hypoglycemias occurred. The physical fitness index improved during the camp (t-test, paired comparison, P less than 0.005), and the campers gained self-confidence. PMID- 7010902 TI - B-cell response to exercise in diabetic and non-diabetic children. AB - 20 non-diabetic and 11 insulin dependent diabetic (IDD) children underwent short time (20 min) bicycle ergometer exercise followed by a 10 min rest period. Glucose, IRI, C-peptide and proinsulin were determined prior to and at the end of the exercise, and again after 10 min rest. While no significant change in mean glucose was observed during exercise in the non-diabetics, significant decreases were observed in IRI, C-peptide and proinsulin. After 10 min rest glucose as well as the three B-cell secretory products increased significantly. The change in glucose was significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated to the change in IRI. In the resting period IRI rose more than C-peptide in some subjects. IRI even rose without simultaneous rise in C-peptide indicating a release of tissue bound IRI. The group of IDD children did not show any significant changes in glucose and total IRI, while the endogenous insulin, as measured by C-peptide, did show a fall during exercise. The same was found for proinsulin. The lack of increased endogenous secretion during the rest period was most likely due to suppression of B-cell due to hyperinsulinism and lack of increased glucose concentrations during the rest period. PMID- 7010903 TI - Prolonged exercise in adolescent boys with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Circulatory and metabolic responses in relation to perceived exertion. AB - Seven well-trained adolescent boys with juvenile diabetes mellitus were studied. They were non-ketotic and performed a 60 min exercise in the afternoon at an average intensity of 58% of maximal working capacity. Blood glucose, blood lactate, plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide and 3-hydroxybutyrate, oxygen uptake and respiratory quotient were determined. The perception of exertion was scored as rate of perceived exertion. Healthy athletes of the same age were controls. Blood glucose, monitored continuously, decreased successively after 10-15 min of exercise with a significant correlation to the pre-exercise glucose value. Blood glucose decreased during exercise to the same level or below that of controls. Despite hypoglycemia with values of 2-3 mmol/l, the exercise continued. Plasma insulin was unchanged. The 3-hydroxybutyrate level was significantly higher in the diabetics, increased somewhat during exercise and still more during the recovery period. The diabetic subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and heart rate during exercise despite a relatively equal work intensity and lower absolute workload. The rate of perceived exertion increased normally during exercise without interference of decreasing blood glucose. PMID- 7010904 TI - Effects of acute exercise and training on insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in vivo. AB - Insulin binding to monocytes was studied in well-trained long distance runners and in sedentary control subjects in the resting state and after 3 h cycle ergometer exercise at 40% of maximal aerobic power. In addition, in previously untrained subjects we examined the effect of 6 weeks of training on insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in vivo. In the athletes at rest, insulin binding to monocytes was 69% higher than in controls (p less than 0.01), and correlated with maximal aerobic power (r = 9.63, p less than 0.05). The rise in insulin binding in the athletes was due to an increase in binding capacity rather than a change in binding affinity. During exercise, insulin binding fell in athletes by 31% (p less than 0.025) in contrast to a 35% rise observed in control subjects (p less than 0.01). As compared to controls, the athletes had a lower respiratory exchange ratio and a smaller decline in plasma glucose during exercise. In previously untrained subjects, physical training resulted in a 35% rise in insulin binding to monocytes (p less than 0.02). The rise in binding was due mainly to an increase in binding capacity. Insulin mediated glucose uptake (as measured by insulin clamp technique) also rose by 30% after physical training (p less than 0.01). The rise in insulin sensitivity was proportional to the improvement in physical fitness (r = 0.81, p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that (a) elevated insulin binding may contribute to the enhanced insulin sensitivity observed after physical training, (b) a fall in insulin binding in athletes during acute exercise may contribute to a greater shift from carbohydrate to fat utilization during exercise in athletes as compared to sedentary controls. These data suggest that physical training may provide a means of reversing or ameliorating abnormalities in insulin binding and sensitivity in insulin resistant states, such as obesity or maturity onset diabetes. PMID- 7010905 TI - Importance of insulin absorption, subcutaneous blood flow, and residual beta-cell function in insulin therapy. AB - The interaction between variation in insulin absorption and beta-cell function was studied as well as the possible relation between subcutaneous blood flow through the region of injection and the variability in insulin absorption. The results indicate that the dose of insulin, the type of insulin preparation and the local blood flow influence the insulin absorption. Residual endogenous insulin secretion, governed by the blood glucose values, serves as a modulator. PMID- 7010907 TI - Metabolic effects of physical training. AB - Effects of physical training on factors associated with diabetes mellitus and its increased risk for cardiovascular disease are reviewed. Plasma insulin levels are decreased by training particularly in obesity and glucose tolerance seems to be improved. Training leads also in general to diminished body fat, but this is not obligatory for the plasma insulin decrease. There are no changes in concentrations of amino acids growth hormone or catecholamines, which can explain the insulin decrease. Cortisol is decreased the days after an acute exercise as well as after training in parallel with the plasma insulin decrease. The cortisol decrease may lead to changes in insulin receptor density in tissues leading to increased insulin sensitivity. The insulin decrease seems to be due to both a decreased production (to about 2/3) and an increased clearance (to about 1/3). Physical training leads to a decrease in plasma triglycerides and to a decrease in blood pressure. All these effects of physical training seem to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7010906 TI - Renal function and blood-pressure reaction during exercise in diabetic and non diabetic children and adolescents. A pilot study. PMID- 7010908 TI - [The beginnings of European child psychiatry]. PMID- 7010910 TI - Child psychiatry in Israel. PMID- 7010909 TI - The history of child psychiatry in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7010911 TI - [History of child psychiatry in Bulgaria]. PMID- 7010912 TI - [Nosologic classification of childhood neurosis and behavior disorders]. PMID- 7010915 TI - Comparative single cell and flow DNA analysis in aspiration biopsies from breast carcinomas. AB - The DNA distribution patterns in fine needle aspirates from 17 breast carcinomas was analysed, using single cell and flow cytophotometric techniques. A good correlation was observed to exist between the modal DNA values obtained by the two methods. Advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed. PMID- 7010913 TI - [St. Anne, Mary and the Child--why it is so difficult to be a mother today (2)]. PMID- 7010914 TI - [In memory of Hubert Harbauer: 1 December 1919-16 September 1980]. PMID- 7010916 TI - Enzymecytochemistry and immunohistochemistry in monoclonal gammopathy and reactive plasmacytosis. AB - Peripheral blood smears and bone-marrow smears from 29 patients with malignant M components (25 with multiple myeloma and 4 with malignant lymphoma), 13 patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG), and 20 patients with polyclonal reactive plasmacytosis were examined by leucocyte alkaline phosphatase score (LAP-score) and by acid phosphatase score in plasma cells from bone-marrow smears. Furthermore, tissue sections from marrow biopsies from all patients were examined by the three-layer unlabelled immunoperoxidase technique to detect cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. The LAP-score was significantly higher in patients with malignant M-components than in patients with BMG and also higher in IgA and IgG myeloma than in IgA and IgG BMG, but the latter difference was not significant. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between paraprotein concentration and LAP-score was found in multiple myeloma. Acid phosphatase score in plasma cells showed no clear distinction between multiple myeloma and BMG. Immunohistochemical examination showed a distinct monoclonal pattern in both multiple myeloma and BMG, allowing identification of the M-component which in all cases corresponded to the M-component detected by serum examination. Cells producing immunoglobulin classes not matching the M-component were more rare in multiple myeloma than in BMG, but the difference between the two conditions was quantitative and allowed no clear distinction. PMID- 7010917 TI - The antral gastrin-producing cells in duodenal ulcer patients. A density study before and during treatment with cimetidine. AB - A density study of the antral gastrin-producing cells has been performed, before and after eight weeks of treatment with a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine 1 g per day), in a series of 38 patients suffering from chronic duodenal ulcer. The treatment produced a significant increase in numerical density and a decrease in mean cell volume. The volume density of the cells was unchanged, suggesting that the elevated serum-gastrin during treatment may be the result of gastrin-cell hyperplasia, without change in the total gastrin-cell volume. The authors suggest that G-cell hyperplasia demonstrated during cimetidine treatment may be a factor of importance with regard to the rapid recurrence of many ulcers after discontinuation of the treatment. PMID- 7010919 TI - Local cerebral glucose consumption during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and in the recovery period following glucose administration. AB - Using the 14C-deoxyglucose technique, we estimated local glucose consumption in the rat brain (1-CMRgl) in hypoglycemia of sufficient severity to cause cessation of spontaneous EEG activity, and in the recovery period following a 30 min period of such hypoglycemia. After 5 and 30 min of hypoglycemia. 1-CMRgl was markedly reduced in many cerebral structures (cerebral cortices, caudateputamen, thalamus, and hippocampus) but unchanged or only moderately reduced in other structures (cerebellar cortex, hypothalamus, and pontine grey). The results indicate that differences in 1-CMRgl were caused by regional differences in the true or apparent kinetic constants for glucose transport, or that the consequences of a hypoglycemic derangement of cellular metabolism interfered with glucose transport in some regions. Local CMRgl was markedly heterogenous in the recovery period, induced by glucose administration in animals with a prior (30 min) period of hypoglycemia. In general, a reduced posthypoglycemic glucose consumption was correlated to low 1-CMRgl values during hypoglycemia. However, the hippocampus provided an exception since its CMRgl returned to control values. A correlation with previous measurement of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) demonstrates that regions having a pronounced reduction in 1-CMRgl during hypoglycemia developed a mismatch between blood flow and metabolic rate in the recovery period, the flow showing a disproportional reduction. PMID- 7010918 TI - Juxtaglomerular cell activity during hemorrhage and ischemia as revealed by quinacrine histofluorescence. AB - Quinacrine (QC) binds with high affinity to the intracellular storage granules of juxtaglomerular cells (JG-cells) in the afferent arteriolus of the glomerulus of the kidney. The present study tests whether QC bound to JG-cells can be released. The cells were stimulated by renal ischemia and hemorrhagic shock combined with immobilization stress. 1 h after onset of renal ischemia QC-JGI (modified Hartroft & Hartroft 1953) in 14C-QC-treated rats had decreased to about 40% in the ischemic kidney compared to a not ligated control kidney. The 14C-contents in the ischemic kidney had decreased to 33% of that in the untouched control kidney. Hemorrhagic shock was obtained by bleeding into a reservoir for 15 min or 1 h. Rats who received QC or 14C-QC 1 h before onset of bleeding showed no change in QC-JGI (15 min shock) or 14C-contents (1 h shock) as compared to controls. This was probably due to formation of new QC-binding granules, which took up still circulating quinacrine thereby masking a release. If the time between the QC injection and the onset of shock was extended to about 15 h, when circulating amounts of QC are very low, a decrease of QC-JGI (about 30% of controls) was seen in the kidneys of the shocked rats. The results are compatible with the possibility that QC in vivo bound to granules of JG-cells could be released together with the content of the granules following stimuli known to induce renin release. Quinacrine-binding therefore possibly provides a new method to study endocrine cells in the way it has been used in the present study as a marker of JG-cell activity. PMID- 7010920 TI - Regional blood flow during reactive hyperemia in canine myocardium as determined by local washout of xenon-133. AB - The mechanisms regulating vascular tone in the myocardium were studied in open chest anesthetized dogs by occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 3 to 600 s. Cumulative excess blood flow (flow in excess of control flow), and repayment of flow debt (cumulative excess blood flow divided by blood flow deficity) were calculated using local injections of Xenon-133 for blood flow measurements. Release of vascular occlusion following 3 s of ischemia was not associated with any measurable hyperemia. Cumulative excess blood flow increased with increasing duration of ischemia from 5 to 600 s, but the increment in excess flow per unit extention of the occlusion time showed a considerable decline. Blood flow in excess exceeded blood flow diet incurred during the occlusion of 10 s duration of 161%; with prolongation of ischemia to 600 s repayment of flow debt declined markedly to about 10%. Oxygen lack in the tissue elicited by perfusion of LAD-for 10 s with constant perfusion rate-with deoxygenated blood produced a fall in peripheral coronary resistance of about 40% which closely corresponds to the fall in resistance observed after a period of LAD occlusion of similar duration. The results lead to the conclusion that 'vasodilator' metabolites formed in the tissue during periods of arterial occlusion are of prime importance for the fall in the tone on the vascular smooth muscle cell occurring in the post-occlusion period. The findings argue against a myogenic component in this response. PMID- 7010921 TI - [Estimation of height and weight using femoral morphometry]. PMID- 7010922 TI - [Identification using histomorphometry of the femur and tibia]. PMID- 7010923 TI - [Idiopathic deficiency of growth hormone. Diagnostic criteria and results of treatment]. PMID- 7010924 TI - [Hyperosmolarity and non-ketotic hyperglycemia]. PMID- 7010925 TI - Glomerulonephritis in infections with Yersinia enterocolitica O-serotype 3. II. The incidence and immunological features of Yersinia infection in a consecutive glomerulonephritis population. AB - In a consecutive series of 38 patients with acute glomerulonephritis (GN), 17 showed serological or immunological signs of current or previous yersiniosis. None of these 17 patients had raised antistreptolysin-o titres. Only half of these patients had had clinical symptoms of Yersinia infection. Light microscopic examination revealed that 12 of the 17 patients had proliferative and 4 epimembranous GN. In 8 out of 14 biopsy specimens, Yersinia antigen could be demonstrated by immunoglobulins and complement. Immunofluorescence microscopy examination of all biopsy specimens containing sufficient tissue for a valid analysis showed deposits of complement and immunoglobulin G, most specimens also immunoglobulins A and M. It is considered highly likely that Y. ent. O:3 may be, and frequently is, an etiological factor for development of acute GN. It would be advisable not only to investigate all patients with acute GN for streptococcal infections, but also to carry out serological and bacteriological tests for Y. eng. O:3 infection and to institute an active therapeutic approach to acute infections caused by this bacterium. PMID- 7010927 TI - Hypernephroma and hypertension. Two case reports. AB - Evaluation for hypertension revealed a hypernephroma in two patients and increased plasma renin concentrations (PRC) of 2.8 and 3.1 GU . 10(-4)/ml, respectively. In one of the patients, bilateral renal venous catheterization showed lateralization of PRC toward the tumor side in the ratio 10:3. She had secondary hyperaldosteronism with a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) of 738 pmol/l, and hypokalemia with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mmol/l. In the other patient, who had malignant hypertension, PAC was not measured but serum potassium was subnormal (3.3 mmol/l). After nephrectomy, blood pressure (BP), PRC and serum potassium returned to normal in both as did PAC in one of the patients. At regular follow-ups through one year after nephrectomy, BP, PRC, PAC and serum potassium remained normal and metastases were not discovered. The increased incidence of hypernephroma in hypertensive patients underscores the importance of acknowledging this possibility during evaluation for hypertension. PMID- 7010926 TI - Changes in urinary electrolytes versus serum electrolytes during treatment of primary hypertension with chlorthalidone alone and in combination with spironolactone. PMID- 7010928 TI - Pre-beta 1-lipoprotein in patients with ischemic heart disease. Genetic determination and relation to early insulin response. AB - The genetic determination of pre-beta 1-lipoprotein and its relation to insulin response was studied in 18 male monozygotic and 13 male dizygotic twin pairs, aged 51-74. They had been selected from the Swedish Twin Registry by means of an angina pectoris questionnaire. Results revealed a heritability index for the pre beta 1-lipoprotein, determined quantitatively, to be as high as 0.94. The subjects in whom pre-beta 1-lipoprotein was present exhibited a significantly delayed early insulin response compared to subjects without this lipoprotein fraction. Our data seem to justify the use of pre-beta 1-lipoprotein as a genetic marker. Data also indicate that important metabolic differences may exist between pre-beta 1+ and pre-beta 1- individuals, and it is possible that such differences may explain in part an increased susceptibility to ischemic heart disease for those possessing the pre-beta 1 fraction. PMID- 7010930 TI - A brief review of cartilage and controlling factors in chondrocranial morphogenesis. AB - It is evident that chondrocyte determination is an example of cellular aging. This possible leads to the erroneous view that chondrocytes have a "weak" genetic control mechanism. If such was the case, chondrocranial growth and development would be a very "shaky" process indeed. It is recognized however that chondrocranial growth is under predominantly genetic and tissue interaction influence especially during the early phase of growth. These control factors plus other epigenetic and local environmental influences are responsible for the harmonious growth of the chondrocranium. PMID- 7010931 TI - X-ray control in the operating theatre. PMID- 7010929 TI - Gemfibrozil in the treatment of dyslipidaemias in middle-aged male survivors of myocardial infarction. AB - The effects of gemfibrozil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins were investigated in 60 male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) (age range 29-48 years, mean 44). Fifteen had normal serum cholesterol (less than or equal to 7.0 mmol/l) and triglyceride (less than or equal to 1.7 mmol/l) levels, but most had low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (less than 1.00 mmol/l). Ten had type II A, 27 type II B and 8 type IV hyperlipidaemia. A double-blind placebo controlled cross-over design was used with 3-month treatment periods. Gemfibrozil was given in daily doses of 1200 mg. The drug was well tolerated and there were no drop-outs attributable to its use. In all subjects, gemfibrozil reduced the mean serum total cholesterol by 17% and triglycerides by 54% and increased HDL cholesterol by 16%. The percentage HDL cholesterol of total cholesterol increased from 14 to 19%. The changes were similar in patients with normal serum cholesterol and triglyceride values and in those with classical hyperlipidaemias. In contrast, the changes during placebo treatment corresponded to those in healthy male untreated controls who were followed simultaneously. Apoprotein A-I remained unchanged, but A-II increased by 20% during gemfibrozil treatment. It is concluded that gemfibrozil corrects effectively dyslipidaemias in male MI patients but further long-term studies are warranted. PMID- 7010932 TI - [Value of neurorehabilitative methods]. PMID- 7010933 TI - [Benign chronic bullous dermatitis of children]. PMID- 7010934 TI - [Herpes gestationis]. PMID- 7010935 TI - [Dermatology in Catalonian medicine. Its contribution to world medicine]. PMID- 7010936 TI - Principles of peptide-hormones biosynthesis. AB - Specialized and specific biologic functions can arise as a result of genetic diversification, as well as by way of biochemical modifications of a given gene product. Additional, more detailed investigations of the structure and organization of the genome and the processes involved in the co- and post translational modifications of polypeptide hormones may provide clues to the functions of the hormone-related peptides (cybernins) produced by peptidergic neurons. PMID- 7010937 TI - Observations on the role of Schwann cell secretion in Schwann cell--axon interactions. PMID- 7010938 TI - The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) and related factors for the survival of peripheral neurons. PMID- 7010939 TI - Relation of neuropeptides to mammalian circumventricular organs. AB - In summary, highly vascularized CVOs of the mammalian brain are the site of increased vascular permeability for peptides and other molecules which generally do not cross the blood-brain barrier. In the CVOs the blood-brain barrier is shifted from the level of the capillaries to the tight junctions of the oligociliated ependymal cells. The neurohypophysis is the well known target of various peptidergic neuroendocrine neurons. In the neural lobe, peptide hormones from magnocellular neurons are stored and released into the general circulation in the median eminence, releasing and inhibiting hormones enter the hypothalamo adenohypophyseal portal circulation. The OVLT appears to be an additional vascular outlet for LHRH and somatostatin. In the pineal, no pinealocytes stain positively for arginine-vasotocin; however, occasionally a single neurophysin (vasopressin or oxytocin) fiber has been observed. In the subfornical organ and area postrema which do not appear to have a primary neuroendocrine function, hemo neural interactions may be important for effects of circulating peptides and other molecules on specific receptors. In the subcommissural organ, which does not have a special vascular permeability, ependymal cells secrete Reissner's fiber, a mucopolysaccharide, whose function in unclear. PMID- 7010941 TI - Hypothesis: a central neuroendocrine system regulates brain ion homeostasis and volume. PMID- 7010943 TI - Brain-gut peptides and the control of food intake. PMID- 7010942 TI - Angiotensin-induced thirst and sodium appetite. PMID- 7010944 TI - The nucleus tractus solitarius and experimental neurogenic hypertension: evidence for a central neural imbalance hypothesis of hypertensive disease. AB - 1. Interference with neuronal transmission through the NTS can result, depending upon species and mode of perturbation, in a panoply of abnormalities of blood pressure control simulating many of the features of the human disease. These are summarized in Table 1. 2. The abnormalities of pressure control resulting from abnormal transmission in NTS met most of the criteria of an animal model of central neurogenic hypertension. The only criterion yet to be met is that of pathology, a deficiency which may soon be overcome when animals, such as dogs, are maintained for prolonged periods of time. 3. The studies establish the possibility that subtle abnormalities involving neurochemical balances with NTS, resulting either from abnormal neurochemical transmission or variations of the organization of the nucleus with preponderance of one transmitter or deficiencies in others, can result in hypertension. 4. Impaired NTS function can produce an amplification of the action of the environmental stresses on blood pressure. Thus environmental stimuli or the expression of behaviors which normally result in trivial elevations of blood pressure will, after the NTS is perturbed, result in marked elevations. 5. A neural or neurochemical imbalance in brain can produce hypertension. PMID- 7010940 TI - Neuropeptides and the blood-brain barrier. AB - 1. No evidence has been reported to date which indicates that peptides such as insulin, the enkephalins, or TRH traverse the BBB by specific transport systems. Therefore, the use of latentiated (lipid-soluble) derivatives of peptides provides the most practical approach to circumvent the restricted permeability of the BBB to peptides. In contrast to the BBB, the blood-CSF barrier appears to selectively transport certain peptides (e.g., insulin) or plasma proteins (e.g., prealbumin) from blood into CSF. However, since the surface area of the BBB is 5,000-fold greater than the surface area of the blood-CSF barrier, it is unlikely that transport through the blood-CSF barrier permits rapid distribution of circulating peptides into brain interstitial space. 2. The presence of BBB peptide receptors such as those which have recently been demonstrated for insulin (ref. 32 and fig. 2), provides a mechanism by which neuropeptides may transmit signals to the brain side of the BBB via binding and activate receptors on the blood side of the BBB. In this way, circulating neuropeptides may potentially rapidly influence brain activity without traversing the BBB or entering brain interstitial or synaptic spaces. PMID- 7010945 TI - The suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian rhythms, and regulation of brain peptides. PMID- 7010946 TI - Biological rhythms in man: relationship of sleep-wake, cortisol, growth hormone, and temperature during temporal isolation. PMID- 7010947 TI - Effect of CNS peptides on hypothalamic regulation of pituitary secretion. AB - A variety of neuropeptides, such as TRH, somatostatin, VIP, Substance P, neurotensin, CCK, gastrin, and opioid peptides, alter secretion of GH and PRL from the pituitary. These actions differ according to the route of administration or with experimental conditions, especially anesthesia. Among these peptides, the most consistent results have been obtained with opioid peptides, which stimulate GH and PRL release. Both beta-endorphin and enkephalins are capable of stimulating GH and PRL release in anesthetized and unanesthetized, freely moving rats. The effect is blocked by naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist. GH secretion induced by opioid peptides seems to be mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism, since treatment with DDC and fusaric acid, which are dopamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitors, reserpine, and phenoxybenzamine which is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, blunted GH secretion. However, pimozide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, and propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, were without effect. On the other hand, basal PRL secretion was augmented by pimozide, suggesting the possible involvement of dopamine. It is also possible that serotonin is involved in the GH and PRL release induced by opioid peptides. The physiological significance of opioid peptides in regulating GH and PRL secretion is still unclear. Contradictory results (12,25) have been obtained concerning the effect of naloxone on basal or stimulated GH and PRL secretion in rats, monkeys and humans when tested by the continuous blood sampling method, which rules out the erroneous evaluation of results caused by episodicity of plasma hormone levels. Further studies should clarify the physiological role of opioid peptides in regulating pituitary function. PMID- 7010948 TI - Pharmacology of gonadotropin releasing hormone: a model regulatory peptide. PMID- 7010949 TI - Biologically active peptide-containing fractions in schizophrenia and childhood autism. AB - It is well documented that peptides have a major role in the effective functioning of higher animals at all levels from enzyme stabilization to homeostatic mechanisms governing essential functions such as eating, sexual behavior, and temperature regulation. The effects of exogenously administered peptides on neurotransmitter release, uptake, metabolism and behavioral consequences are also well established. We have attempted to extend these findings by postulating peptidergic neurons as transducers of multisignal inputs, and that development of pathological states may be due to genetically-determined reduced levels of activity of key peptidases, leading to excretion of regulatory peptides into the circulation. We have been able to demonstrate that, in schizophrenia and autism (in well defined clinical cases), the patterns of peptides and associated proteins from urinary samples differ considerably from each other and from normal controls. In addition to this, further purification of the material obtained has led to the discovery of a number of factors capable of modulating the function of major neurotransmitters. Some of these are in the final stages of characterization as peptides, while the remainder are also probably peptides, as purification has been followed by both biological testing and chemical analysis for peptidic material. We have outlined a number of parameters which we consider relevant in any attempt to put psychiatric disorders on a biological foundation. Any new advances in the neurochemical understanding of such disorders must take into consideration the observations of several different disciplines including genetics and psychology. However, at this stage of research it is far too early to speculate on the relevance of the various biological activities to the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia and childhood autism. PMID- 7010950 TI - The organization of oxytocin and vasopressin pathways. PMID- 7010952 TI - Chromatographic separation of aldosterone and its metabolites. PMID- 7010953 TI - Visual development in ontogenesis: some reevaluations. PMID- 7010951 TI - Roles of high-performance liquid chromatography in nuclear medicine. PMID- 7010955 TI - Children's clinical syndromes and generalized expectations of control. PMID- 7010954 TI - Cognitive differentiation and development learning. PMID- 7010956 TI - Binocular vision in infants: a review and a theoretical framework. PMID- 7010957 TI - Validating theories of intelligence. PMID- 7010958 TI - Ascorbic acid and the immune response. PMID- 7010959 TI - The role of copper in metabolic disorders. PMID- 7010960 TI - A possible role of iron deficiency in gastric cancer in Colombia. AB - Through the efforts of Correa, Cuello, Haenszel, Tannenbaum and others it was learned that the incidence of gastric cancer in certain areas of Narino (Colombia) was among the highest in the world. These areas of high risk for gastric cancer were adjacent to an area of substantially lower risk. Gastric biopsies from healthy volunteers residing in the "high risk" area exhibited a greater incidence of superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis with and without intestinal metaplasia than those from the low risk area. The latter pathological finding is considered to be a precursor lesion to gastric cancer. Volunteers from the "low risk" area as well as individuals from Cali in the coastal region and Cartegena on the coast, also exhibited a similar spectrum of pathology but at a substantially reduced frequency. Natives of both cities were also at lower risk for gastric cancer than inhabitants of Narino. It was found that the water supply of the "high risk" area contained a higher concentration of nitrate than water in the "low risk" area. Correa et al. hypothesized that the high nitrate concentrations of well water contributed to the formation of N nitroso compounds in the stomachs of these individuals early in life. The occurrence of this putative carcinogen in combination with the abrasive action of dietary grains contributed to a series of mutations in the gastric epithelium progressing through a sequence of pathologic changes, loss of gastric acid and culminating in gastric cancer. In the current report individuals in a Medellin population who were admitted with abdominal complaints and were found to be iron deficient exhibited the same spectrum of gastric pathology described by previous investigators. Superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria have also been described in association with chronic iron deficiency (and/or associated nutritional defects) per se. The development of these lesions are likely to occur within the first two decades of life when iron requirements are maximal. It is suggested that these changes preceed the development of gastric cancer. Bacterial colonization of the achlorhydric stomach may facilitate nitrate reduction and the formation of a putative carcinogen N-nitroso compound(s) from nitrate in the water supply. Additionally, the effects of chronic iron deficiency on host immune defense may compromise these mechanisms and permit tumor growth with minimal immune intervention. PMID- 7010961 TI - Vitamin E, immunity and disease resistance. PMID- 7010962 TI - Anti-inflammatory, immunologic and carcinostatic attributes of selenium in experimental animals. PMID- 7010963 TI - Effects of dietary folate, vitamin B12 and methionine/choline deficiency on immune function. PMID- 7010964 TI - Role of the B vitamins in the immune response. AB - Studies conducted in our laboratory relating to the development of immune processes in B vitamin deficiency states of experimental animals have been reviewed. 1. The significant participation of certain of these nutritional factors in the production of circulating antibodies to a variety of antigens and the manifestation of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, including the rejection of tissue transplants, have been described. 2. Investigations on the mode of action of pyridoxine and pantothenic acid have demonstrated a marked reduction in the production of antibody-forming cells following antigenic stimulation in both deficiency states. The metabolism of antigen appeared to be normal. However, these two vitamins seem to function at different loci in the development of the immune process. Whereas pyridoxine appears to be necessary for the production of "C1" units from serine which are required for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, it seems likely that pantothenic acid is involved in the secretion of newly synthesized proteins into the extracellular compartment. PMID- 7010965 TI - Cerebral blood flow in geriatrics--a review. AB - This is a review of studies of physiological and pathological changes of cerebral circulation with particular application to ageing, hypertension, cerebral infarction and dementia. PMID- 7010966 TI - The assessment of autonomic function in the elderly. PMID- 7010967 TI - [Retinol dehydrogenase in mouse retina. Studies on hereditary dystrophic (C3H) mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010968 TI - [Localization of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in ocular tissues. Investigation by means of enzyme antibody and radioautographic techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 7010969 TI - Effect of calcitonin on free and total plasma tryptophan in human. AB - The injection of calcitonin (0.5 or 1 microgram/Kg wt.) did not affect free and total tryptophan plasma levels in six healthy human subjects. Calcitonin besides a significant diuresis produced a slight hypoinsulinemia parallelled by a slight hyperglycemia. PMID- 7010970 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in the differential diagnosis of colonic polypoid lesions]. PMID- 7010972 TI - In Memoriam (Helen Willard). PMID- 7010971 TI - Characterization of human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells on the basis of surface properties. AB - Human lymphocytes are divided into two populations, thymus-dependent or T-cells, required for cell-mediated immunity, and B-cells which are thymus independent and responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. Conventional light microscopy cannot differentiate between T and B lymphocytes, but the introduction and studies of lymphocyte membrane markers have shown a lymphocyte heterogeneity. In the present paper, various methods for characterization of human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells; based on surface properties, have been studied. Because of the membrane markers of receptors on human lymphocytes, the immune function of the subpopulations may be described. Functional studies may be performed on cell suspensions in which subpopulations are eliminated or concentrated by means of their respective membrane markers. The surface of various lymphocyte subpopulations are characterized by the presence of receptors for immune molecules, immunoglobulin, complement, hormones active in immune processes, prostaglandins and histamine. The presence of these receptors may allow for the participation of the lymphocyte in the various stages of immune processes. PMID- 7010973 TI - Duration of blood pressure elevation in accurately predicting surgical cure of renovascular hypertension. AB - Among 110 patients who underwent corrective surgery for unilateral renovascular hypertension, we found that a preoperative of hypertension was a highly important predictor of postoperative achievement of normotension. Those with less than a 5 year history of hypertension experienced 78% incidence of successful outcome, compared to such a salutary frequency of only 25% in patients with longer hypertension duration. Although the best renal vein renin (RVR) boundary ratio (1.4) was less predictive of overall surgical success in the population studied, the prognostic value of this test improved considerably when analysis of RVR ratio results were confined to patients not receiving renin-suppressing agents during RVR sampling and who had technically satisfactory operations. Highest surgical benefit rate occurred in the group of patient with both short duration of hypertension and high RVR ratio. Conversely, patients with long hypertension duration and low RVR ratio exhibited lowest surgical success frequency. Therefore, duration of hypertension is hereby shown to be an important factor in the preoperative evaluation of appropriate management of patients with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7010974 TI - "Less severe" hypertension: should it be treated? PMID- 7010975 TI - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic applications of the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone. PMID- 7010976 TI - Randomized controlled trial of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in early myocardial infarction with acute heart failure. AB - The value of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in limiting infarct size and improving survival was studied in patients with early transmural myocardial infarction complicated by acute heart failure. Thirty such patients, previously well, were randomly assigned to counterpulsation (14 patients) or standard therapy (16 patients). Counterpulsation was begun 4.8 to 13.7 hours (mean 7.1) after the onset of pain and continued for less than 1 to 11 days (mean 4.5). Peak creatine kinase was 1,794 +/- 846 IU/liter (mean +/- standard deviation) in patients receiving counterpulsation compared with 1,688 +/- 908 for those receiving standard therapy; cumulative creatine kinase was 3,590 +/- 1,936 IU/liter for patients receiving counterpulsation and 2,945 +/- 1,803 for those receiving standard therapy. Hospital mortality was similar (counterpulsation, 7 of 14; standard therapy, 7 of 16 [p = 0.05 for 25 percent mortality reduction]) as was mortality at follow-up (counterpulsation, 8 of 14; standard therapy, 10 of 16 [p = 0.09 for 25 percent mortality reduction]). Functional class at follow-up examination 1 to 36 months (mean 15) after infarction was also similar in the two groups. Counterpulsation did not appear to modify infarct size or to alter morbidity or mortality when initiated as primary therapy 4.8 to 13.7 hours after the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7010977 TI - Prostacyclin in experimental myocardial ischemia: effects on hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, infarct size and mortality. PMID- 7010978 TI - Cardiovascular disturbances in chronic respiratory insufficiency. AB - The mechanical factors by which chronic respiratory insufficiency may influence right and left ventricular performance during both spontaneous and mechanical ventilation are reviewed. During a spontaneous inspiration the right heart distends because of increased inflow and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. This decreases the effective left ventricular compliance, through ventricular interdependence, reducing the gradient for pulmonary venous return. The inspiratory decrease in pleural pressure also effectively increases the impedance to left ventricular ejection. An inspiratory increase in abdominal pressure further increases the left ventricular afterload. These factors combine to impair left ventricular performance. During intermittent positive pressure ventilation, left ventricular stroke volume increases early in inspiration. This increased inspiratory flow cannot be attributed to a phase lag in the right heart output reaching the left heart chambers because, even with a constant pulmonary arterial inflow, aortic flow increases during inspiration. Several factors may act in concert to improve left ventricular performance, despite the adverse effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on the right ventricle. These include (1) a decrease in right heart volume, increasing left ventricular compliance and hence the gradient for pulmonary venous return; (2) anterograde emptying of the alveolar capillary bed with lung inflation; (3) the increase in pleural pressure decreasing impedance to left ventricular emptying; and (4) physical compression of the heart by the lungs. PMID- 7010979 TI - Noninvasive radiographic assessment of cardiovascular function in acute and chronic respiratory failure. AB - Noninvasive radiographic techniques have provided a means of studying the natural history and pathogenesis of cardiovascular performance in acute and chronic respiratory failure. Chest radiography, radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium-201 imaging, and M mode and cross-sectional echocardiography have been employed. Each of these techniques has specific uses, attributes and limitations. For example, measurement of descending pulmonary arterial diameters on the plain chest radiograph allows determination of the presence or absence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Right and left ventricular performance can be evaluated at rest and during exercise using radionuclide angiocardiography. The biventricular response to exercise and to therapeutic interventions also can be assessed with this approach. Evaluation of the pulmonary valve echogram and echocardiographic right ventricular dimensions have been shown to reflect right ventricular hemodynamics and size. Each of these noninvasive techniques has been applied to the study of patients with respiratory failure and has provided important physiologic data. PMID- 7010980 TI - Cardiovascular management in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. AB - This paper reviews recent data concerning the interactions among pulmonary edema, intrapulmonary shunt and cardiac output in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. In canine oleic acid edema, a 5 mm Hg reduction in pulmonary wedge pressure significantly reduces edema, but a corresponding increase in colloid osmotic pressure does not. When pulmonary wedge pressure is lowered, cardiac output can be maintained with infusions of nitroprusside, dopamine or dobutamine. Each vasoactive agent improves ventricular pumping function, and the increase in cardiac output is due in part to peripheral circulatory actions of the drugs. Although pulmonary shunt increases with these vasoactive agents, increased shunt is due to their pulmonary vasoactivity but to the associated increase in pulmonary blood flow. Positive end-expiratory pressure reduces venous return by raising right atrial pressure, and it does not depress ventricular pumping function. Rather, positive end-expiratory pressure increases ventricular filling pressure t a given end-diastolic volume; it does not reduce and probably increases edema, yet it reduces shunt by redistributing the edema. These interpretations suggest several goals for cardiovascular management in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: (1) the lowest pulmonary wedge pressure consistent with adequate cardiac output; and (2) the least positive end-expiratory pressure consistent with saturation of adequate circulating hemoglobin on nontoxic inspired oxygen. PMID- 7010981 TI - Electromyography--dynamic gross anatomy: a review. PMID- 7010982 TI - Comparison of serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon responses to different types of complex carbohydrate in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - We have studied the acute effects of oral ingestion of dextrose, rice, potato, corn, and bread on postprandial serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon responses in 20 diabetic subjects with nonketotic, noninsulin requiring fasting hyperglycemia. The carbohydrate loads were all calculated to contain 50 g of glucose. The data demonstrate that 1) dextrose and potato elicited similar postprandial serum glucose responses whereas rice and corn elicited lower responses, with bread intermediate; 2) postprandial insulin responses were relatively flat but rice ingestion led to significantly lower insulin responses than did potato; 3) urinary glucose excretion during the 3 h after carbohydrate ingestion was greatest following dextrose and least after rice and corn. In conclusion, there is a range in the magnitude of postprandial hyperglycemia after ingestion of different complex carbohydrates in diabetic patients with fasting hyperglycemia and emphasis on the use of the less hyperglycemic starches could be of therapeutic value in controlling hyperglycemia. PMID- 7010983 TI - The metabolic response to yellow fever immunization: protein-sparing modified fast. AB - The metabolic response to yellow fever immunization was investigated in five obese patients who were consuming a protein-sparing modified fast for 3 wk. Fasting 1/2, 1, and 2 h postprandial values for insulin, glucagon, glucose, lactate, beta hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and free fatty acids were assessed before and the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after immunization. The hormone and substrate responses to meat ingestion in patients well adapted to a protein sparing modified fast and prior to infection was a rise in glucagon, no change in insulin, lactate, or ketone bodies and slight increase in serum free fatty acid and glucose levels. Over the entire period a significant (p less than 0.01) postprandial rise in glucagon was noted. Significant increases in insulin (p less than 0.01) and lactate (p less than 0.01) and falls in beta hydroxybutyrate (p less than 0.01) and acetoacetate (p less than 0.01) were noted in the postinfection period. There was also a significant interaction of diet and infection to increase insulin levels (p less than 0.05). The clinically mild infection produced by yellow fever immunization elicits a metabolic response which thus may be useful to investigate intermediary metabolism in the hospital setting. PMID- 7010984 TI - Effect of diet on the metabolic response to infection: protein-sparing modified fast plus 100 grams glucose and yellow fever immunization. AB - The metabolic response to yellow fever immunization was investigated in four obese subjects who were consuming a protein-sparing modified fast plus 100 g glucose (PSMF + 100 g) for 3 wk. Fasting, 1/2, 1, and 2 h postprandial values for insulin, glucagon, glucose, lactate, beta hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and free fatty acids were assessed before and the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day postimmunization. The hormone and substrate response to dietary protein plus glucose was a substantial rise in insulin (p less than 0.005), glucose (p less than 0.005), and fall in free fatty acid and ketone levels (p less than 0.005). These results are distinctly different from the response to dietary protein ingestion only (PSMF) determined in a previous study which was a slight rise in insulin and glucose and slight fall in ketone bodies, but a substantial rise in glucagon. The only significant (p less than 0.05) change following immunization in the PSMF + 100 g was a rise in serum glucagon on day 1. During the PSMF significant elevations in insulin and lactate and falls in serum ketones were noted postimmunization. The metabolic response to mild infection is dependent on the diet consumed. These differences may have a clinical impact when the infection is severe, but this possibly requires study in an experimental infection of greater severity. PMID- 7010985 TI - Vitamin E and aspirin depress prostaglandins in protection of chickens against Escherichia coli infection. AB - The hypothesis was tested that vitamin E protects chickens from a lethal Escherichia coli infection by inhibiting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thereby activating humoral immunity and phagocytosis. When chickens were fed supplement vitamin E at the level of 300 mg/kg diet, which is six times the presently used dietary level, endogenous PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha levels decreased in the immunopoietic organs, bursa, and spleen. Antibody titers to E. coli lipopolysaccharide and phagocytosis increased at the same time. Infection slightly increased prostaglandin levels and vitamin E appeared to compensate for this increase. Aspirin, a known prostaglandin inhibitor acted synergistically with vitamin E in depressing endogenous PG levels in bursa and decreasing mortality from E. coli infection. PMID- 7010986 TI - Somatic, endocrine, and serum lipid changes during detraining in adult hamsters. AB - Effects of abrupt discontinuation of chronic exercise on body composition and serum lipid, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were examined in adult female hamsters. Thirty-six hamsters (100 to 120 g) were randomly allotted to two groups of 18 each for an 84-day study. One group served as controls and were sedentary throughout the experimental period; another group had access to voluntary running on horizontal discs during the first 42 days of the experimental period. Six hamsters from each group were killed at the end of the exercise period and at 12 and 42 days after retirement. Results showed that hamsters engaged in high levels of voluntary activity increased food intake by about 10 to 20% and this effect persisted for about 10 days after retirement. Voluntary running resulted in a 60% reduction in body fat content and a 30% decrease in serum triglyceride levels. Exercise was also associated with an increase in body cholesterol level, a decrease in glucagon concentration, and a suggestive increase in serum insulin level. Increased food consumption and changes in serum insulin and glucagon may reflect compensatory adjustments to increased energy expenditure of exercise. Discontinuation of exercise resulted in a reversal of exercise effects on body fat, body cholesterol, and serum triglyceride levels. PMID- 7010987 TI - Delayed expulsion of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats on a low protein diet: the role of a bone marrow derived component. AB - Rats on a low protein diet, containing 10% casein as the only source of protein, have an impaired capacity to expel primary infections with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and remain susceptible to reinfection. In the present study, the transfer of syngeneic bone marrow cells to rats on a low protein diet reconstituted the expulsion mechanism allowing parasite rejection to occur at the same rate as rats on a sufficient diet. Serum transfer, on the other hand, did not significantly alter the rate of worm expulsion. These results demonstrate that a bone marrow derived component plays an important role in the impaired immunity of rats fed a low protein diet. PMID- 7010988 TI - Chinese origin of the word alcohol. PMID- 7010989 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in benign and malignant colorectal tissues. Assessment of diagnostic value. AB - Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on paraffin and frozen sections, respectively, of colonic carcinomas (70), liver and lymph node metastases (20), mesenteric nodes (150), mucosa adjacent to carcinoma (40), colonic resection margins (20), normal colon (ten), and colorectal polyps (64) in order to assess its potential diagnostic value. On the basis of this study of the immunocytochemical localization of CEA in colorectal tissues, conclusions were as follows. (1) Localization of CEA to glycocalyx of surface epithelial cells is a normal finding in the colon and is similar in normal colon and mucosa distant and adjacent to infiltrating carcinoma. (2) Although strongly positive cell surface and intraluminal staining frequently correlates with the presence of carcinoma in neoplastic polyps, it is not by itself a reliable diagnostic criterion. (3) Failure to demonstrate CEA in a gland-forming carcinoma makes a diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma unlikely. (4) Poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma usually contains much less demonstrable surface CEA, but may occasionally stain cytoplasm strongly. (5) Although lymph node micrometastases from colorectal carcinoma are readily demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining for CEA, screening of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections by a competent pathologist appears to be adequate for their detection. PMID- 7010990 TI - Prospective double-blind clinical trial of bovine, human, and rabbit thromboplastins in monitoring long-term oral anticoagulation. AB - A prospective double-blind trial was performed to investigate the safety of long term oral anticoagulant control when dosaged adjustment depends on the prothrombin times assessed with one type of thromboplastin being calculated as if assayed by another type. The three main types of thromboplastin, i.e., bovine (Thrombotest), human (British Comparative Thromboplastin), and rabbit (Simplastin Automated) were tested. Before entering the actual trial, patients had been checked with the bovine type of thromboplastin. During the actual comparison study, prothrombin times obtained with the human and the rabbit types of thromboplastin were translated, using the appropriate calibration data, into terms of the bovine type of thromboplastin, which were used for dosage prescription. After six months, all patients returned to bovine-type thromboplastin control. No substantial difference among the three groups was observed in the prothrombin times, the dosage of the anticoagulant, the bleeding complications, and the dropouts. It was concluded that the safety of monitoring patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulation was independent of the type of thromboplastin used. PMID- 7010991 TI - C-cell nodules in adult human thyroid. A common autopsy finding. AB - This study was designed to examine the morphologic features and distribution of calcitonin-producing cells (C-cells) in normal adults and in a general autopsy population. Random or serial sections from thyroid glands in forensic and general autopsies were examined by an immunoperoxidase stain for calcitonin to identify C cells. Six glands out of 30 cases contained large C-cell nodules (85-343 C-cell nuclei per nodule). Five of the nodules were in patients over 50 years of age. C cell nodules in thyroid sections may represent age-related hyperplasia or a normal variation of ontogeny. This study underscores the importance of serially sectioning the thyroid to evaluate nodular C-cell hyperplasia in preneoplastic or nonneoplastic functional disorders. PMID- 7010993 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - A peroxidase-antiperoxidase method that demonstrates both free and encysted toxoplasmata in routinely prepared histologic sections is described. This technic and ultrastructural study were employed to confirm the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in the infected tissues of an immunosuppressed patient who had postmortem examination. An immunohistochemical method may be an aid in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7010992 TI - Unusual immunofluorescence patterns for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - An unusual cytoplasmic distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) antigen in leukemic cells from two patients who had chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic phase is described. In most leukemic cells that contain TdT, the intracellular location has been reported to be exclusively nuclear. The cells from these two patients demonstrated TdT staining in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The pattern is remarkably similar to that observed in thymocytes, in which bright cytoplasmic staining may also be seen. In the immunofluorescence procedures for detection of TdT in blasts from patients who have chronic myelogenous leukemia, significant cytoplasmic staining should not be mistaken for nonspecific absorption of immunoglobulins or specimen deterioration. PMID- 7010994 TI - Interaction of minoxidil and captopril in the treatment of refractory hypertension. AB - A case of severe hypertension resistant to multiple drug therapy was controlled with minoxidil, captopril, and propranolol hydrochloride after treatment with these drugs alone or in other combinations had failed. Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism with hyperkalemia and acidosis developed after captopril administration was started. PMID- 7010995 TI - Children with growth hormone deficiency. Intermittent treatment with somatropin and oxandrolone. AB - The effectiveness of a combination of somatropin (0.1 IU/kg in three doses per week) and oxandrolone (0.1 mg/kg/day) in the treatment of human growth hormone deficiency was evaluated. Twelve children with hypopituitarism were placed into two separate groups. Each group was treated for five 6-month periods, and anthropologic measurements and bone-age determinations were obtained at the end of each period. Both groups of children grew approximately 20 cm during the 30 months of treatment. Somatropin increased the growth rate significantly both when given alone and when given in combination with oxandrolone. Although the addition of oxandrolone may have diminished the waning effect often seen during somatropin therapy, the acceleration in bone age indicates the need for further long-term studies before oxandrolone can be recommended as an adjunct to treatment with somatropin. PMID- 7010996 TI - Transmission of group B streptococci. Traced by use of multiple epidemiologic markers. AB - During a three-week period, septicemia caused by group B Streptococcus, serotype III, developed in four infants born at a community hospital. The first infant had early-onset disease; late-onset disease that appeared, from epidemiologic data, to be nosocomial developed in the other three infants. Bacteriophage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed the relatedness of the isolates. A prospective study designed to differentiate between vertical and nosocomial transmission of group B Streptococcus showed that of 82 infants, 21 (26%) were culture-positive during their hospitalization, and nine of these infants (43%) had been culture-negative at birth. Although serotype III strains were recovered from four of nine infants with apparently nosocomial acquisition, none of the isolates displayed an antibiogram or bacteriophage type similar to that of the isolates involved in the recent cluster. Bacteriophage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in addition to the use of serotyping may be helpful in epidemiologic studies of group B Streptococcus. PMID- 7010997 TI - Assessment of glomerular filtration rate using single injection of technetium Tc 99m pentetate. PMID- 7010998 TI - Hepatic fatty metamorphosis in latent exoerythrocytic malaria. AB - We report a child with asymptomatic latent exoerythrocytic Plasmodium vivax malaria whose initial presentation was only hepatomegaly and elevated serum lipids. Histology of the liver showed severe fatty metamorphosis. Liver size and the severe fatty metamorphosis decreased markedly with the return of serum lipids to normal after successful treatment of P. vivax. Although this association has been reported in monkeys infected with P. knowlesi, this is the first report of such an association in humans. PMID- 7011001 TI - Pituitary-adrenal axis function in sickle cell anemia and its relationship to leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. AB - The function of the pituitary-adrenal axis and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated in eight patients with sickle cell disease during a painful crisis and when crisis-free. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score did not increase during crisis; the scores were in the low-normal range during crisis and noncrisis periods. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia produced normal growth hormone responses during both crisis and crisis-free periods. Plasma cortisol concentrations were diminished in the crisis group. Also impaired was 11 deoxycortisol production in both groups after metyrapone. These findings indicate that a mild defect in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis exists in sickle cell disease patients. PMID- 7011002 TI - Immunoassay of circulating terminal transferase in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a new technique for diagnosis. AB - The measurement of circulating terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) antigen can be accomplished by the use of an ELISA immunoassay system. TdT was present in either peripheral or bone marrow plasma of five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and absent from normal controls using ELISA. The assay was sensitive to a level of 20 ng/ml. The ALL patient values ranged from 160 ng/ml to 420 ng/ml. Use of ELISA for quantitation of TdT may have important diagnostic implications in patients with ALL. PMID- 7011000 TI - Detection of platelet associated IgG in immune thrombocytopenia: a new assay employing protein A and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PROA-PAP). AB - Immune thrombocytopenia is frequently encountered in medical practice and is generally accepted as being caused by an IgG antibody. The capability of detecting platelet-bound IgG as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality is critical for appropriate care and management of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), as well as other immune thrombocytopenias. We have modified our previous assay (Br J Haematol 37:265, 1977) by employing protein A and PAP as a labeled antibody. Surface bound platelet IgG was quantitated by phase contrast microscopy after incubation with PAP, graded per 100 platelets and expressed as a reactive index (RI). Controls (n=13) had RIs ranging from 0.49 to 0.72 (mean 0.63 +/- 0.02 SE). The nonimmune thrombocytopenic group (n=7) had an RI ranging from 0.58 to 0.72 (mean 0.64 +/- 0.01 SE). In contrast, the immune thrombocytopenic group (n=28) had RIs ranging from 1.04 to 1.75 (mean 1.43 +/- ;0.03 SE). Platelet associated IgG was evaluated further by absorbing representative sera samples from each group against washed granulocytes, red cells and platelets. Only when sera from the immune thrombocytopenic group were absorbed against platelets did the reactive indices of pre- and postabsorption samples change significantly. These findings suggest that our assay is clinically applicable in detecting platelet-associated IgG in immune thrombocytopenia and has the advantage of being rapid, reproducible and easy to perform in a clinical laboratory. PMID- 7010999 TI - Restaurant-associated type A botulism: transmission by potato salad. AB - In the period November 13-18, 1978, seven cases of type A botulism occurred in persons who had eaten in a restaurant in Colorado. The outbreak was recognized when two persons who had independently eaten at the restaurant were hospitalized with an illness compatible with botulism. Surveillance efforts identified five additional cases. Potato salad made at the restaurant and available for service during an 11-day period was epidemiologically incriminated as the vehicle of botulinal toxin transmission (p less than 0.00001). Laboratory studies showed that Clostridium botulinum spores on the surface of potatoes could survive baking in the manner used by the restaurant and that botulinal toxin could be produced in potatoes contaminated with C. botulinum spores. PMID- 7011003 TI - Evaluation of cefaclor. AB - The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, bacterial spectrum, clinical use, dosage, adverse reactions, and dosage forms and cost of cefaclor are reviewed. Cefaclor, a congener of cephalexin monohydrate, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. It is well absorbed when given orally on an empty stomach; absorption is delayed by the presence of food. Although metabolism may play a role in the disposition of cefaclor, elimination is primarily renal. Cefaclor's spectrum of activity is similar to that of cefalexin, including a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; in particular, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., and Haemophilus influenzae are more susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of cefaclor than cephalexin. Cefaclor has been demonstrated to be effective against beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin, but further studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of this activity. Efficacy of cefaclor has been demonstrated in urinary tract, upper and lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue infections in adults and children as well as in pediatric otitis media. Adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal, are generally mild and occur in few patients. Usual doses are 250-500 mg every eight hours in adults and 20--40 mg/kg/day in children, although this pediatric dose may be two low for otitis media. Clinical superiority of cefaclor over less expensive antibiotics has not been demonstrated. PMID- 7011004 TI - Antimicrobial irrigations in the prevention and treatment of catheter-related urinary tract infections. AB - The use, development, efficacy, and adverse effects of antimicrobial irrigation solutions for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients are reviewed. Bacteriuria occurs rapidly in catheter systems where urine is collected in an open vessel. With newer drainage systems, where the urine is collected in a closed catheter tubing-receptacle system, the incidence of bacteriuria is reduced substantially. Prophylactic continuous irrigation with various solutions has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing the incidence of bacteriuria in open catheter drainage systems, especially for 10 days or less following catheter insertion. Prophylactic irrigation of closed catheter systems has not been demonstrated to prevent bacteriuria. Treatment of urinary tract in catheterized patients through use of an antifungal irrigation has been demonstrated to be effective in Candida cystitis. Prophylactic antimicrobial irrigations in closed catheter systems appears to be unnecessary and may promote infection with organisms resistant to the irrigating solution. Strict adherence to proper catheter care procedures is the most important factor in reducing catheter infection rates. PMID- 7011005 TI - Intrathecal methotrexate-induced neurotoxicities. AB - The pharmacokinetics, therapeutic index, neurotoxicities, methods of administration, and dosages of intrathecal methotrexate are reviewed. The intrathecal administration of methotrexate can provide therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without the use of high-dose intravenous methotrexate. Major neurologic complications have been reported to occur in 3- 40% of patients following intrathecal methotrexate. The development of neurotoxicity is related to dose, concentration of methotrexate in the CSF, age of the patient, anatomical and physiological abnormalities in the CNS, type of dilutional vehicle, intracranial radiation, and intravenous methotrexate. Substantial evidence is lacking that chemical preservatives and methotrexate breakdown products are risk factors. The use of intrathecal methotrexate is a reasonably safe and effective chemotherapeutic modality when proper administrative techniques are observed. PMID- 7011006 TI - Cimetidine: adverse reactions and acute toxicity. AB - Recent reports of cimetidine toxicity are summarized. Summaries of specific cases and categorized according to cardiovascular, central nervous system, dermatologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematologic, or renal toxicity, or overdosage. Adverse reactions reported secondary to cimetidine during its investigational period and shortly after marketing were minimal. In several studies in which over 1200 patients were treated with cimetidine, the incidences of adverse clinical symptoms was no higher than in the nearly 500 placebo-treated patients. However, subsequent reports indicate that elderly patients, patients with impaired renal function, and patients with liver disease appear quite susceptible to mental confusion. Potentially serious hematologic depression, cardiac depression, and hypersensitivity-type hepatitis have also been reported. As a result of the reports of impotence and oligospermia, controlled trials evaluating the effect of cimetidine on fertility in young men are needed. PMID- 7011007 TI - Quality assurance of pharmaceutical services: an objective-based planning strategy. AB - Methods of planning an objective-based quality assurance program are described. The major steps in the planning are as follows: (1) List the primary pharmacy functions and their respective components; (2) prepare objectives for each function and its components; (3) establish priority of the objectives; (4) convert the highest priority objectives into criteria and their respective standards; (5) develop methods and procedures for determining compliance with the criteria and standards; (6) develop and organize the quality assurance program operating procedures; and (7) implement the program. Following this plan should help assure than the objectives for which a pharmacy's routine activities are conducted are consistently achieved. PMID- 7011008 TI - Pathophysiology of acute renal failure. PMID- 7011009 TI - David Marine: america's pioneer thyroidologist. PMID- 7011010 TI - Extralymphatic Hodgkin's disease. Prognosis and response to therapy. AB - Three hundred eighteen patients with pathologic stage IA and IB, IIA and IIB, and IIIA Hodgkin's disease who entered into Stanford University Medical Center randomized trials comparing radiation therapy alone to radiation therapy plus six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated. Of these, 54 patients had extralymphatic (E) lesions. There were five relapses among these patients (9 percent), not different from the 37 relapses among the remaining 264 patients (14 percent) with Hodgkin's disease confined to the lymphatic system. Actuarial survival and freedom from relapse were not significantly different for patients with or without extralymphatic disease. The survival of patients with extralymphatic disease was similar whether they received radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy plus chemotherapy. PMID- 7011012 TI - Interstitial lung disease: current concepts of pathogenesis, staging and therapy. PMID- 7011011 TI - Prostaglandins in primary dysmenorrhea. Comparison of prophylactic and nonprophylactic treatment with ibuprofen and use of oral contraceptives. AB - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea on the theory that the disorder may be caused by a high level of prostaglandins. However, a causal role of prostaglandin in dysmenorrhea has not been established, and there is only indirect evidence that the amelioration of dysmenorrhea by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors is related to their inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the uterus. We, therefore, monitored menstrual prostaglandin release in 14 dysmenorrheic patients in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of ibuprofen (Motrin) and in two dysmenorrheic subjects while they were receiving oral contraceptive therapy and while they were not. A total of 89 menstrual cycles were studied. We found that ibuprofen therapy reduced menstrual prostaglandin release and relieved dysmenorrhea but that placebo therapy did not. Oral contraceptives decreased menstrual flow, reduced prostaglandin release and also alleviated dysmenorrhea. We conclude that primary dysmenorrhea is related to a high level of menstrual prostaglandin release. Ibuprofen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis whereas oral contraceptives inhibit ovulation and cyclic endometrial development. Thus, the two drugs suppress endometrial prostaglandin through different mechanisms. Reduction of menstrual prostaglandin release leads to alleviation of dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7011013 TI - Insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. AB - A brief review of the normal physiology of insulin secretion is given. The dual role of glucose to directly stimulate insulin release and to potentiate insulin secretion to other islet regulators is emphasized. The B cell of the pancreatic islet is discussed as a metabolic integrator for nutrients, modulated by neural and hormonal input. A feedback model for the normal regulation of glucose concentrations is also described. This model is based on a closed loop between the islet, the liver and peripheral tissues for the production and utilization of glucose. Diabetes mellitus with overt hyperglycemia is characterized by impaired pancreatic B-cell function; however, in noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects, many aspects of insulin secretion are maintained by a compensatory increase in plasma glucose concentration. The model shows why this increase in plasma glucose occurs and the importance of this hyperglycemia to the restoration of insulin responses to nonglucose secretagogues, second-phase insulin secretion to glucose and basal insulin. The model can account for the usual stability of plasma glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the very high glucose levels and lack of glucose stability in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sulfonylurea drugs increase insulin secretion, but this increase is dependent on the glucose level. Thus, the augmented B-cell function can be masked by a decrease in plasma glucose concentrations. During long-term therapy, the insulin level and responses are unchanged despite lower concentrations of glucose. Therefore, it is hypothesized that sulfonylureas still act by enhancement of B cell function. PMID- 7011014 TI - Recent advances in diabetic retinopathy. AB - Despite the fact that we still do not understand what causes the development of retinopathy in diabetic subjects, major advances in its treatment have taken place. Photocoagulation clearly reduces the retinopathy although how early treatment should be initiated has not been clearly defined. Vitrectomy is capable of restoring vision in many already blind eyes but at some risk. We are inching closer to an understanding of the pathophysiology of retinopathy with development of retinal endothelial and pericyte cell culture techniques, studies of vascular permeability, flow and angiogenesis. Diabetic retinopathy is more common at early durations of diabetes than previously realized. This may allow for prospective intervention studies, using development of retinopathy as an endpoint. Diabetic retinopathy may be a reasonable index of short-term survival. PMID- 7011015 TI - The kidney in diabetes. AB - The kidneys as a target organ for secondary microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus represents a health problem of enormous social cost. Recent studies in man and animals strongly support the concept that the primary responsibility for diabetic nephropathy rests with the metabolic derangements of the diabetic state. However, these metabolic derangements have complex biological effects; it is unlikely that hyperglycemia, per se, produces all of the nephropathic influences of diabetes. Alterations in microvascular hemodynamics in diabetes probably contribute to glomerular pathology. These alterations may be based upon disturbed vasoactive control mechanisms regulating angiotensin and prostaglandin secretion and metabolism. Although much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of glomerular basement membrane and mesangial thickening in diabetes, these central structural abnormalities appear separable. Mesangial thickening is reversible by cure of the diabetic state in rats whereas glomerular basement membrane thickening is not. Treatment for the diabetic patient with end stage renal failure has recently improved markedly. Although presently, kidney transplants from living related donors appear best, cadaver transplants and long term hemodialysis are reasonable options. PMID- 7011016 TI - Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: have all the problems been solved? AB - The past decade has seen a remarkable improvement in the prognosis for the pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. Perinatal survival has become as common in these pregnancies as in normal ones. This improved outcome has been achieved through a better understanding of maternal metabolism and the needs to regulate maternal glycemia carefully as well as through reliable techniques for the surveillance of fetal well-being and advances in neonatal care. Significant perinatal morbidity still occurs, and congenital malformations--the leading cause of perinatal mortality today--remain an unresolved problem. Maternal outcome must also be considered. Uncertainty remains regarding the course of retinopathy in pregnancy, and the small group of diabetic women with coronary artery disease do appear to be at increased risk for mortality during gestation. A systematic screening program for gestational diabetes must now be adopted. PMID- 7011017 TI - The value of protective isolation in preventing nosocomial infections in high risk patients. AB - Since infection is a major cause of death in the patient whose immune responses have been compromised (immunocompromised patient), considerable attention has been focused on developing methods for the prevention of infection. This has primarily been directed at suppressing or eliminating the host's endogenous microbial burden and in decreasing the acquisition of new organisms. The prevention techniques which have been employed vary in complexity from single room isolation to elaborate systems utilizing air-filtration and decontamination. The most sophisticated of these regimens is the total protected environment (TPE) consisting of a high-efficiency-particulate-air (HEPA)-filtered laminar air flow room which is surface disinfected and in which the patient is fully decontaminated with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics, cutaneous antisepsis, orificial antibiotics and a semisterile diet. The cumulative data to data have shown that the TPE affords a significant (albeit incomplete) reduction in the incidence of serious infections in severely compromised patients. Such protection from infection permits the delivery of novel therapies which might have been precluded because of consequent hematologic or immunologic toxicity. Nonetheless, the TPE is also elaborate, cumbersome and expensive, and its utilization for patients with immunodeficiency syndromes, bone marrow failure states and cancer depends heavily on the success of available therapy (e.g., immunoreconstitution, transplantation, intensive chemotherapy) for the patient's underlying disorder. Critical evaluation of the TPE and alternative prevention strategies are imperative to assure the effective and appropriate utilization of limited hospital resources. PMID- 7011018 TI - Nosocomial infection of the urinary tract. AB - Urinary tract infections appear to be responsible for 35 percent of all hospital acquired infections, occurring in approximately two patients per 100 admissions. The great majority of infections are associated with urinary tract instrumentation. Female sex, advanced age and debilitating underlying illness appear to be associated with an increased risk of infection, but other risk factors have been poorly defined and case-control studies assessing excess morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial bacteriuria have not been made. In most instances, the hospitalized patients are the reservoirs for the etiologic organisms, but cross-infection from other infected patients also occurs. Current preventive efforts have been primarily directed at aseptic catheter care techniques and reducing catheter use. Further developments in our prevention and control of these infections require an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for colonization of the urethra and bladder with gram negative organisms and ways to discriminate patients at special risk. PMID- 7011020 TI - Serratia marcescens nosocomial infections of the urinary tract associated with urine measuring containers and urinometers. AB - An outbreak of nosocomial infections of the urinary tract due to a multiply drug resistant strain of Serratia marcescens occurred at a community hospital. Acquisition of the epidemic strain was associated with the following factors: (1) exposure to the intensive care unit, (2) presence of an indwelling bladder catheter, (3) treatment with antibiotics, and (4) exposure to devices used from measurements of specific gravity and urine volume. An extensive microbiologic evaluation of the hospital environment failed to reveal the epidemic strain of S. marcescens from any site other than urinometers and urine volume measuring containers. Four of four urinometers and three of seven urine measuring containers tested revealed the epidemic organism. Notably, six of these seven positive cultures were obtained in hospital areas in which no patients infected with S. marcescens were located at the time of sampling. The resistant organism was also recovered from one of three pooled handwashings taken from nursing personnel. Thus, the urinometer and urine measuring container may have served as inanimate reservoirs for the resistant S. marcescens which was subsequently inoculated onto the hands of medical personnel or directly to a catheterized patient. Disinfection procedures were identified which eliminated these items as reservoirs. No additional cases of multiply drug-resistant S. marcescens urinary tract infections have been observed since institution of routine disinfection of the inanimate reservoir. PMID- 7011022 TI - Louis Harry Newburgh: compleat clinical investigator with a passion for measurement. PMID- 7011019 TI - Prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Efficacy of daily meatal care regimens. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of daily cleansing of the urethral meatus-catheter junction in preventing bacteriuria during closed urinary drainage, randomized, controlled trials of two widely recommended regimens for meatal care were completed. In 32 (16.0 percent) of 200 patients given twice daily applications of a povidone-iodine solution and ointment bacteriuria was acquired, as compared with 24 (12.4 percent) of 194 patients not given this treatment. In 28 (12.2 percent) of 229 patients given once daily meatal cleansing with a nonantiseptic solution of green soap and water bacteriuria was acquired, as compared with 18 (8.1 percent) of 23 patients not given special meatal care. There was no evidence in either trial of a beneficial effect of meatal care. Moreover, each of four different statistical methods indicated that the rates of bacteriuria were higher in the treated groups than in the untreated groups. In subsets of female patients at high risk in both studies significantly higher rates of bacteriuria were noted in the treated groups than in the untreated groups. Current methods of meatal care appear to be hazardous, as well as expensive, and cannot be recommended as measures to control infection. PMID- 7011021 TI - Use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical practice. AB - During the last decade great inroads have been made concerning the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgical patient. Well-controlled, prospective, blinded studies have outlined many of the areas in which antibiotic prophylaxis is of benefit, as well as those clinical situations in which the risks of antibiotic prophylaxis outweighed the expected value. Historically, the most common errors in usage include the widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery and the faulty timing of administration. The most common error today (in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical practice) is continuation of the agents beyond the time necessary for maximal benefit. In order to appropriately administer prophylactic antibiotics in the various clinical settings on the surgical service, in which this practice has been of proved value, one must be aware of the following nuances including (1) choice of the antibiotic agent based on the type of organisms usually causing infection, (2) route of its administration, (3) the dosage necessary to attain efficacious tissue or serum levels, and (4) the timing of administration which offers the maximum benefits without risking the adverse effects. PMID- 7011023 TI - Increase in plasma norepinephrine during prazosin therapy for chronic congestive heart failure. AB - To investigate the mechanism of pharmacodynamic tolerance reported to occur during prazosin therapy of chronic congestive heart failure, we measured plasma norepinephrine, plasma epinephrine, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone, as well as hemodynamics in eight patients with chronic congestive heart failure, functional class III and IV (NYHA), before and during 10 weeks of prazosin therapy. Initially, prazosin therapy produced significant hemodynamic improvement, but no significant changes were noted in norepinephrine, epinephrine, plasma renin activity or aldosterone. During ambulatory therapy, fluid retention developed in four patients, and three of them had symptoms or clinical evidence of congestive heart failure for which they required an increase in diuretic or prazosin therapy. Plasma norepinephrine levels for the whole group were significantly higher after four weeks of therapy (p less than 0.01). Repeat inpatient studies after 10 weeks showed a persistent hemodynamic response to prazosin in seven patients. One patient demonstrated complete hemodynamic tolerance whereas three others showed partial tolerance. In these four patients the cardiac output increased only to 3.78 +/ 1.17 liters/min compared to 5.04 +/- 2.11 liters/min during initial prazosin therapy. Plasma norepinephrine increased further and levels were significantly higher for the whole group than before prazosin therapy (p less than 0.05). No significant changes in epinephrine, plasma renin activity or aldosterone were demonstrated. This increase in plasma norepinephrine suggests that the sympathetic nervous system could be involved in the pharmacodynamic tolerance to prazosin therapy in congestive heart failure. Further studies are necessary to extend these results. PMID- 7011024 TI - Multimodal treatment of primary breast carcinoma: analysis of accomplishments and problem areas. AB - The management of primary breast carcinoma has undergone a successful change during the decade of the 1970s. Chemotherapy administered after mastectomy in patients with involved axillary nodes has not only prolonged disease-free survival in certain patient groups but has lengthened their over-all survival in comparison to patients treated with mastectomy alone. The concepts for use of chemotherapy after surgery, established in murine tumor models, have been extended to human subjects with breast cancer and proved of value. It remains to be determined which drug regimens have the best therapeutic index and which are most useful in specific subgroups of patients. Other breast carcinoma patients besides those with involved axillary nodes may also benefit from this surgery plus-chemotherapy mode of treatment. We review the past, present and future clinical trials of chemotherapy after mastectomy and discuss the various aspects which bear on their successes and failures. PMID- 7011025 TI - Primary cutaneous Nocardia asteroides infection with dissemination. AB - In a 77 year old previously healthy man with mild adult-onset diabetes mellitus, a primary cutaneous Nocardia asteroides infection developed on the hand following inoculation of a traumatic injury. Initially untreated, the infection became locally invasive and resulted in dissemination to the lungs and normal skin. This represents the first known reported case of a N. asteroides actinomycetoma associated with dissemination. PMID- 7011026 TI - Candida pericarditis. AB - Purulent pericarditis due to species of Candida is rare. Only seven cases were found in the literature. Described here is a man with Candida tropicalis colonization of the urinary bladder in whom C. tropicalis pericarditis later developed. Amphotericin B was given intravenously. The amphotericin B level in pericardial fluid was approximately 50 percent of the concentration in serum. Although microbiologic cure was achieved with amphotericin B, the patient died of other causes. Autopsy showed sterile constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7011028 TI - Complete absence of the permanent dentition: an autosomal recessive disorder. PMID- 7011027 TI - Epidemiologic typing of nosocomial microorganisms. AB - Hospital epidemiologists often rely upon "typing" of microorganisms to help determine their genetic relatedness. Most general clinical microbiology laboratories can determine biologic profiles (biotypes) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) of bacteria commonly isolated from specimens; occasionally serologic typing (serotype) is also performed. Special interest laboratories can provide serologic typing, bacteriophage susceptibility patterns (phage typing), bacteriocin production patterns, bacteriocin susceptibility patterns, plasmid analyses and chromosomal DNA analyses for a variety of bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi of nosocomial interest. Such laboratories can also provide serologic typing, restriction enzyme analyses and other special studies of viruses and related microorganisms. A useful and effective "typing" system should be (1) standardized, (2) reproducible, (3) sensitive, (4) stable, (5) available, (6) inexpensive, (7) applicable to a wide range of microorganisms, and (8) field tested in conjunction with epidemiologic investigation. Results should be reported in a standard manner with some discussion of the implications and limitations of the reported results. We suggest that a registry of typing methods be established to facilitate application of available methods to appropriate epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 7011029 TI - In memoriam: Petrus Johannes Waardenburg, 1886--1979. PMID- 7011030 TI - In connection with the Waardenburg commemoration, Dr. Sergio Arias has submitted the following correspondence. PMID- 7011031 TI - X-linked mental retardation. PMID- 7011032 TI - Nonspecific X-linked mental retardation I: a review with information from 24 new families. AB - Clinical manifestations and other aspects of nonspecific X-linked mental retardation are reviewed using data from the literature and information on affected males in 24 new families ascertained in British Columbia. A great degree of variability was apparent in the mental abilities of affected males. Speech defects, other CNS disorders and minor physical changes such as "big" ears or a highly arched palate were not present in many cases. Evidence for the existence of a clinical entity of mental retardation associated with the fragile site at Xq27 or 28 and macro-orchidism is discussed. Genetic phenomena of reduced penetrance in males and of partial expression in females with respect of X-linked recessive genes are examined. Consideration is given to the question of whether this type of mental retardation is due to X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant sex-limited genes. Most ascertained cases of X-linked mental retardation are from families of northern European extraction. Recommendations are made regarding the diagnosis and counseling of X-linked mental retardation cases. PMID- 7011033 TI - Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci and puerperal infections. AB - Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci as a major cause of puerperal infection in 40 patients is described. Unique features of this bacterial infection are the development of an average peak oral temperature within 12 hours of delivery, tachycardia, distended abdomen, and endomyometritis or endomyoparametritis. Bacteremia occurred in 35% of these patients. PMID- 7011036 TI - Single injection of terbutaline in term labor: placental transfer and effects on maternal and fetal carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Maternal and fetal blood glucose and insulin levels were studied in 10 women in the second stage of labor after administration of terbutaline, 250 micrograms intravenously. The transport of the drug across the placenta was also studied. Saline solution was administered to four other women who served as controls. A rise in maternal plasma insulin levels occurred in all patients but was more pronounced in patients treated with terbutaline less than 25 minutes before delivery than in those treated more than 45 minutes prior to delivery. No difference was found in maternal blood glucose levels between terbutaline-treated patients and controls. Blood glucose increased in the fetuses during the second stage of labor and paralleled that of the mothers, but on a lower level. None of the newborn infants demonstrated hypoglycemia during the first 90 minutes after birth. Terbutaline crossed the placenta rapidly, and fetal plasma levels up to 55% of the maternal plasma levels were found. The conclusion is that this form of administration of terbutaline does not seem to have any negative short-term influences on the fetal carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7011034 TI - Prostacyclin, thromboxane, and prostaglandin F2 alpha in maternal plasma during breast-feeding. AB - In order to study the role of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 in milk ejection, the stable metabolites of these prostanoids, i.e., 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane B2, respectively, were measured from serial samples of plasma collected from 11 puerperal women before, during, and after breast feeding. The plasma M-PGF2 alpha decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from the level of 253.6 +/- 18.6 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) before suckling to 204.2 +/- 26.1 pg/ml at the end of suckling, but returned to 234.6 +/- 26.1 pg/ml 60 minutes after the end of suckling. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration also decreased (p less than 0.01) from 246.4 +/- 30.9 to 187.9 +/- 9.9 pg/ml within the first 15 minutes of suckling, whereas the thromboxane B2 levels did not change. Thus, these results suggest that PGF2 alpha and PGI2 are involved with milk ejection and lactation in human beings. PMID- 7011035 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in first-trimester abortions: a clinical, controlled trial. AB - The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in induced first-trimester abortions was investigated in a double-blind study. Of the 493 women in the study, 254 received doses of 2 million IU of penicillin G intramuscularly one half hour before and 3 hours after the procedure, followed by 350 mg of pivampicillin three times daily for 4 days, and 239 women received corresponding doses of placebo. The incidence of pelvic infectious complications was 5.5% in the treated group and 10.9% in the control group (p = 0.05). The difference could be attributed to a selective prophylactic effect in women who had earlier suffered from pelvic inflammatory disease (N = 105). The rate of infection in this group was 22.4% among those receiving placebo and 2.1% among those receiving antibiotics (p = 0.006). Prophylactic administration of antibiotics for first trimester abortions should be used in women who have earlier had pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7011037 TI - Acyclovir and debridement in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis. AB - We treated 25 patients with dendritic keratitis with debridement and 3% acyclovir ointment and another 25 with acyclovir alone. The patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. There were only minimal adverse effects in both groups. The combination of debridement and acyclovir produced a significantly more rapid healing rate than did acyclovir alone. Factors associated with prolonged healing time were duration of symptoms (longer than one week), length of the epithelial defect (greater than 4 mm), proximity of the defect to the corneoscleral limbus (less than 2 mm), and the presence of stromal inflammation. PMID- 7011038 TI - Bending of excessively long intraocular suture material by argon laser. AB - Excessively long nylon or polypropylene sutures can cause corneal edema. Kinking the material back on itself with an argon laser allows it to clear the surface of the cornea. Of seven patients who were successfully treated by this method, none suffered complications. PMID- 7011039 TI - Enamel loss due to prophylaxis and multiple bonding/debonding of orthodontic attachments. AB - An in vitro study using steel reference markers in the enamel of 120 permanent premolars was conducted to determine the amount of enamel lost during prophylaxis and during multiple bonding/debonding procedures. A prophylaxis procedure was carried out on eighty teeth. The procedure was standardized with respect to time, pressure, and revolutions of the prophy handpiece. Both bristle brush and rubber cup were used with four different prophylaxis pastes. The enamel loss with the bristle brush (14.38 micrometers) was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the loss with the rubber cup (6.9 micrometers). No significant differences were associated with the use of different pastes. Multiple bonding/debonding procedures were conducted with filled and unfilled resin adhesives. Following the initial bond, twenty of the teeth received prophylaxis and acid etching prior to subsequent bonds while the remaining twenty did not. Total enamel loss was 71.5 micrometers in the group bonded with a filled resin with prophylaxis and acid etching between bonds. This was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the amount lost (22.3 micrometers) by the group bonded with the same resin without prophylaxis and acid etching between bonds. Total enamel loss was 45.4 micrometers in the group bonded with an unfilled resin with prophylaxis and acid etching between bonds. This was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the amount lost (17.8 micrometers) by the group bonded with the same resin without prophylaxis and acid etching between bonds. PMID- 7011043 TI - Children of survivors of the Nazi holocaust: a critical review of the literature. PMID- 7011041 TI - Effects of dimethylnitrosamine on organ-cultured adult human pancreas. AB - Portions of adult human pancreas from 20 donors were organ-cultured in a chemically defined medium in the absence or presence of DMNA for up to 12 weeks. In the absence of DMNA, necrosis of some acini occurred during the first week, while some clusters of well-preserved acini were maintained for up to 3 weeks. Proliferation of the epithelial linings of main and smaller ducts and ductules was noted during the first 2 weeks of culture. Ductal epitheliums thereafter showed some degeneration but remained viable during the 12 weeks of culture. In contrast to controls, the DMNA-treated explants showed better preservation of both acinar and ductal cells. DMNA induced both ductal hyperplasia and atypia of the epithelial linings of main ducts, smaller ducts, and ductules within 6 weeks, and carcinoma by the tenth week of culture. At the end of the first week cells devoid of zymogen within the acinar complex proliferated and progressively replaced necrotic cells. During the ninth and tenth weeks, foci of atypical cells developed among these cells. Cells derived from 10-week-old DMNA-treated explants produced multiple nodules of carcinoma when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. PMID- 7011044 TI - Social-emotional consequences of day care for preschool children. AB - Research evidence of the social and emotional sequelae of day care is reviewed. Although day care for very young children is not likely to result in serious emotional disturbance, it would be misleading to conclude that it is without risks or effects. Much depends on the quality of the day care, and on the age, characteristics, and family circumstances of the child. Areas in need of further study are identified, and some speculative policy implications are offered. PMID- 7011040 TI - Intracellular hemoglobin-a specific marker for erythroid cells in paraffin sections. An immunoperoxidase study of normal, megaloblastic, and dysplastic erythropoiesis, including erythroleukemia and other myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Intracellular hemoglobin represents an excellent marker for specific characterization of normal, megaloblastic, or dysplastic erythroid cells in paraffin sections. Using an immunoperoxidase indirect sandwich technique for detection of intracellular hemoglobin, erythroid cells at all stages of maturation were readily identified in bone marrow biopsies (58 specimens total) with a) normal erythropoiesis, b) megalobastic erythropoiesis, and c) various myeloproliferative disorders, including erythroleukemia. In other tissues (6 spleens, 2 lymph nodes, 1 liver) with extramedullary hematopoiesis, erythroid cells were similarly defined on the basis of this immunohistochemical method. Initial fixation in Zenker's-acetic acid solution (employed for bone marrow biopsies), B5 solution, or formalin, appeared equally effective in preserving the antigenicity of intracellular human hemoglobin. This sensitive and specific immunoperoxidase technique for erythroid cell characterization is particularly applicable to tissues with abnormal erythropoiesis, in which precise cell identification generally presents a diagnostic problem. PMID- 7011042 TI - Canine struvite urolithiasis. PMID- 7011045 TI - Abnormalities, congenital anomalies, and unusual anatomic variations of the endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct: clinical, surgical, and radiographic correlations. PMID- 7011046 TI - Prolactin effects on ion transport across cultured mouse mammary epithelium. AB - Prolactin is a known osmoregulatory hormone in lower vertebrates, and recent evidence indicates that this hormone modulates ionic concentrations in milk. In an ultrastructurally and biochemically differentiated primary cell culture system in which mouse mammary epithelium is maintained on floating collagen gels, prolactin causes an increase in short-circuit current (Isc) of monolayers of cells derived from midpregnant (24.6 to 48.0 microA . cm-2) and lactating (10.4 to 16.1 microA . cm-2) glands. Transepithelial potential differences (basal side ground) average about -12 mV and are similar to those seen in vivo. Prelactating mammary epithelial cell cultures have transepithelial resistances ranging from 374 omega . cm2 (prolactin present) to 507 omega . cm2 (prolactin absent), and lactating cell cultures have resistances averaging almost 1,000 omega . cm2. Prolactin effects require at most one day of culture maintenance in prolactin containing medium, and the effects are not due to known contamination of prolactin preparations with arginine vasopressin or growth hormone. Medium concentrations of prolactin as low as 1 ng/ml can elicit these effects. In prelactating cell cultures not treated with prolactin, the Isc is equal to the rate of sodium absorption. Prolactin increases sodium absorption fourfold but increases Isc only twofold. Clearly, prolactin induces other active transport; neither potassium nor chloride movements can account for this additional transport. Resistance values, current-voltage plots, and permeability coefficients indicate that in vitro mammary epithelium is a moderately "tight" tissue. Comparisons with intact glands indicate that in vitro mammary epithelium closely resembles its in vivo counterpart. Floating collagen gel cultures appear suitable for elucidating transport properties in cellularly heterogeneous and structurally complex mammalian tissues. PMID- 7011047 TI - Tetraethylammonium modifies gap junctions between pancreatic beta-cells. AB - Gap junctions between pancreatic beta-cells were quantitatively assessed in freeze-fracture replicas of isolated rat islets of Langerhans incubated for 90 min with or without the potassium conductance blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA). The results show that TEA increases the median number of particles per beta-cell gap junction but not the frequency of gap junctions at both nonstimulating and threshold-stimulating concentrations of glucose. TEA increased the relative gap junctional area at both concentrations of glucose. TEA had no effect on insulin release at a basal concentration of glucose but potentiated that release at the threshold glucose level. Thus TEA modifies beta-cell gap junctions independently of its effect on insulin release. However, the junctional changes observed were greater when insulin release was also elevated. PMID- 7011048 TI - Glucose-induced electrical activity in the pancreatic beta-cell: effect of veratridine. AB - Veratridine was used in the presence of glucose to assess the role of the Na pump in the regulation of glucose-induced burst activity. In the presence of 8.4 mM glucose, veratridine elicited a silent hyperpolarization, followed by burst activity. The magnitude of depolarization to plateau potential and the duration of the silent phase were increased. The addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) restored the pattern of electrical activity to that observed in the absence of veratridine. Similar results were observed when veratridine was used in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose and tetraethylammonium (blocks voltage-dependent potassium permeability). TTX or ouabain blocked the effects of veratridine, and produced depolarization and continuous spike activity. Quinine (blocks Ca dependent potassium permeability) elicited continuous spike activity in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose. The addition of veratridine induced only a transient return to burst activity, followed by a return to continuous spike activity. These results suggest that an electrogenic Na pump is an important factor in maintaining the transmembrane potential at an optimum level for operation of a voltage- and Ca-sensitive potassium permeability: changes in potassium permeability operating on a background of electrogenic current may be responsible for the voltage transitions associated with burst activity. PMID- 7011050 TI - Effects of amino acids on membrane potential and 86Rb+ fluxes in pancreatic beta cells. AB - The membrane potential of beta-cells was studied with microelectrodes in mouse islets and their potassium permeability was evaluated by measuring 86Rb+ fluxes in rat islets. In the absence of glucose, L-leucine, its metabolite ketoisocaproate, and its nonmetabolized analogue 2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) depolarized beta-cells and triggered bursts of electrical activity like glucose. The effect of leucine was weak, but was potentiated by a low concentration of glucose or by theophylline; the effect of ketoisocaproate was stronger and faster than that of an equimolar concentration of glucose. Arginine alone produced only a fast depolarization of beta-cells, insufficient to trigger electrical activity. Leucine and arginine potentiated the activity induced by glucose. In a glucose-free medium, alanine only slightly depolarized beta-cells, whereas isoleucine and phenylalanine had no effect. Leucine, ketoisocaproate, and BCH reversibly decreased 86Rb+ efflux from islets perifused in the absence of glucose and increased 86Rb+ uptake. By contrast, both in the absence or presence of glucose, arginine increased 86Rb+ efflux and decreased 86Rb+ uptake. It is proposed that leucine, ketoisocaproate, and BCH, as glucose, depolarize beta cells by decreasing their potassium permeability, whereas arginine acts differently. The appearance of bursts of electrical activity with secretagogues unrelated to glucose suggests that they reflect an intrinsic property of the beta cell membrane. PMID- 7011049 TI - Hepatic metabolism of glucagon in the dog: contribution of the liver to overall metabolic disposal of glucagon. AB - The hepatic extraction (HE) of glucagon (G) and insulin (I) was measured in 27 dogs, using peripheral infusion of the hormones following elimination of endogenous secretion by pancreatectomy (Px) or somatostatin (S) infusion. HE(G) was 22.5 +/- 1.7%, and HE(I) was 45.1 +/- 3%. HE(G) in seven Px dogs was 27.9 +/- 4.2%, not significantly different from the value of 20.6 +/- 1.6% in 20 S-infused dogs, with corresponding values for HE(I) being 44.9 +/- 6 and 46.0 +/- 3.6%, respectively, suggesting that S does not affect HE of either hormone. HE of endogenous G (22.1 +/- 2.8%) was similar to that of exogenously infused G (19.1 +/- 1.9). HE(G) was nonsaturable in the physiologic and pathophysiologic range of plasma G levels, but there was evidence of saturability in the pharmacologic range. Comparison of simultaneously measured parameters of I and G metabolism indicated independence of the metabolic processes of these two islet hormones, despite distinct similarities in their overall patterns of metabolic disposal. Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) for G and I were 12.6 +/- 0.8 and 19.5 +/- 1.0 ml . kg-1 . min-1, while simultaneously measured hepatic HE rates were 4.2 +/- 0.3 and 8.1 +/- 0.6 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively. MCR(G) was independent of arterial G levels. Half-life of infused G and I was 5.5 +/- 0.5 and 4.1 +/- 0.3 min, respectively. The liver accounted for 34.7 +/- 2.4% of the MCR(G) and 42.0 +/- 2.9% of MCR(I). The liver is thus an important site for G removal. However, HE(G) varies widely in different animals, and it is therefore not possible to predict portal vein G concentrations or G secretion rates from G levels in peripheral vessels. PMID- 7011051 TI - Validation of a tracer technique to determine nonsteady-state ketone body turnover rates in man. AB - The features of a single-compartment model of total ketone bodies were evaluated using primed constant infusions of [3-14C]acetoacetate (AcAc) and of D-[3 14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) in 12 postabsorptive subjects. The volume of distribution (VD) of AcAc was 0.18 +/- 0.01 liter/kg (n = 9), and that of beta OHB was similar, 0.18 +/- 0.02 liter/kg (n = 3). The production rate of total ketone bodies was calculated using the combined specific activity of AcAc and of beta OHB. The mean basal total ketone body production rates were similar using either [14C]AcAc (6.5 mumol . kg-1 . min-1) or [14C]beta OHB (6.8 mumol . kg-1 . min-1). To determine the pool fraction that was rapidly mixed during nonsteady state of ketone body inflow, unlabeled AcAc was infused with stepwise increasing and decreasing rates between 5 and 25 mumol . kg-1 . m-1 to mimic nonsteady-state ketone body production rates. The "functional" pool fraction P was determined as the pool fraction that provided the best match between tracer-determined rates of ketone production and rates of AcAc infusion. P of total ketone bodies was almost equal to 1 using either [14C]AcAc (1.05 +/- 0.16) or [14C]beta OHB (1.00 +/- 0.06), suggesting rapid mixing of ketone bodies throughout the entire pool. The described pool model may be used to determine total ketone body kinetics during acute perturbations of the steady state. PMID- 7011052 TI - Effects of indomethacin on plasma renin activity in the conscious rat. AB - The role of prostaglandins in the control of renin release in vivo was evaluated in the conscious rat. Indomethacin suppressed urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion from 5.3 +/- 0.5 to 2.6 +/- 0.5 ng/3 h (P less than 0.001). Basal plasma renin activity (PRA) fell from 6.20 +/- 1.07 to 2.98 +/- 0.45 ng . ml-1 . h-1 (P less than 0.02). Indomethacin suppressed PRA stimulated by furosemide, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, hydralazine, isoproterenol, arachidonic acid, and sodium-free diet, whereas PRA stimulated by PGE2 was not suppressed by indomethacin. The suppression of PRA by indomethacin in the sodium-deplete state rules out sodium retention as the mechanism of action of indomethacin. These results indicate that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin partially blocks the renin response to several of the known stimulators, suggesting that prostaglandins may play a pivotal role in the control of renin release. PMID- 7011053 TI - Voltage dependence of rhythmic plateau potentials of pancreatic islet cells. AB - The origin and control of glucose-induced rhythmic plateau potentials of pancreatic islet cells have been studied with intracellular microelectrodes in isolated mouse islets. Rapid changes of extracellular potassium concentration and direct electrical stimulation via a suction electrode were used to perturb islet cell membrane potentials. We show that brief depolarizing stimuli trigger permature plateau potentials, and brief hyperpolarizing currents abort endogenous plateaus. Both responses occur in an all-or-none manner, show a reciprocal relationship between stimulus strength and stimulus duration, have stimulus thresholds that approach zero at the time of the endogenous event, and completely reset the endogenous plateau rhythm. These results indicate that the plateau potentials are due to voltage-dependent regenerative mechanisms as in other electrically excitable tissues and implicate membrane potential or membrane ionic fluxes in the glucose-dependent pacemaker system that triggers their onset and offset. PMID- 7011054 TI - Evidence for modulation of insulin action and degradation independently of insulin binding. AB - The interrelationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation were investigated in isolated hepatocytes with the aid of an insulin-receptor antibody (IRA) preparation that does not affect insulin binding. These IRA have insulin like effects as determined by their ability to stimulate [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids. However, this effect is less than that of insulin; and in the presence of insulin and IRA, the effects of insulin are partially inhibited. The IRA have no effect on lipogenesis stimulated by postreceptor insulin "mimickers." The IRA also significantly inhibit insulin degradation. However, they do not affect insulin degradation in the presence of a large excess of unlabeled hormone. Taken together these data demonstrate that insulin action and degradation can be modulated independently of binding and suggest that the IRA partially inhibit insulin action and degradation through a portion of the insulin receptor that is not a determinant of insulin binding. It is possible, however, that there exist in the antiserum heterogeneous antibodies that bind to nonreceptor sites on the plasma membrane and mediate some of the phenomena observed. PMID- 7011055 TI - Weak electrolyte permeation in alimentary epithelia. AB - The potential significance of ionized species in weak electrolyte absorption or secretion has been reexamined using a mathematical model that represents the epithelium as a system of parallel ion-permeable and ion-impermeable channels. An important determinant of weak electrolyte movement in this system is the ratio of ionized and nonionized permeabilities (Pi/Pni). This variable, which has been termed the discrimination coefficient, interacts with the degree of ionization in determining the contributions of ionized and nonionized species to the transepithelial movement of a weak electrolyte. Calculations based on the model suggest that ionized species may contribute significantly to the absorption or secretion of many common weak electrolytes. It is concluded that the frequently made assumption that ionized species do not contribute significantly to transepithelial movements of weak electrolytes in the alimentary tract is not generally valid. Further work is required to delineate the quantitative determinants of discrimination in alimentary epithelia, and two methods for evaluation of epithelial discrimination coefficients are described. PMID- 7011056 TI - Direct effects of gram-negative endotoxin on skeletal muscle glucose uptake. AB - The effect of locally infused endotoxin on gracilis muscle glucose uptake was determined in anesthetized mongrel dogs. Locally infused endotoxin consistently caused an increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake with no alterations in any other metabolic variable. These data demonstrate that endotoxin can act locally to increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, independent of the action of insulin or other metabolic factors. On the other hand, when endotoxin was given systemically to induce shock, gracilis muscle glucose uptake did not increase. These differences may reflect the reduction in plasma endotoxin concentration mediated by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). However, live Escherichia coli shock was associated with an increase in glucose uptake in the constant flow perfused gracilis muscle after 4.5 h of shock. We believe this increase in muscle glucose uptake resulted from the direct effects of endotoxin, the plasma concentration of which presumably increased as the RES was overwhelmed and became less effective. The contribution of this phenomenon to the hypoglycemia of gram negative endotoxin or septic shock cannot be evaluated from this study. PMID- 7011057 TI - Pulmonary injury and prostaglandin production during endotoxemia in conscious sheep. AB - Prostaglandins F2 alpha, E2, and I2 (as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and TxA2 (as TxB2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and lymph from 12 conscious sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas given Escherichia coli endotoxin (2-10 micrograms/kg) and followed for 24 h. Endotoxin produced a two-phase pulmonary injury. Phase 1 was characterized by transient severe pulmonary hypertension and increased lymph flow rate (QL). Plasma and lymph PGF2 alpha concentrations increased from base-line values of 0.13 +/- 0.08 and 0.30 +/- 0.10 ng/ml to 0.96 +/- 0.37 and 2.8 +/- 0.80 ng/ml, respectively. Values for TxB2 increased from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 5.5 +/- 1.1 ng/ml in lymph and to 3.2 +/- 0.6 in plasma. Plasma PGI2 increased from 0.48 +/- 0.29 to 4.97 +/- 1.21 ng/ml and lymph PGI2 from 1.80 +/- 0.73 to 14.19 +/- 2.79 ng/ml. Phase 2 was characterized by moderately elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and a maintained high flow rate of protein-rich lymph. Lung lymph and plasma PGF2 alpha concentrations returned to base line. Lymph PGI2 decreased significantly to 5.23 +/- 2.47 ng/ml, whereas plasma PGI2 decreased to 2.70 +/- 1.07 ng/ml. We conclude that prostaglandins, particularly PGF2 alpha and prostacyclin, are released from the lung after endotoxemia and appear in lung lymph as sensitive indicators of pulmonary microvascular injury. Prostanoid production appears to temporally correspond with changes in the pulmonary microcirculation. PMID- 7011059 TI - Modeling and identification of metabolic systems. AB - Introductory principles of physiological systems analysis by computer simulation or computation are introduced. The problems of model formulation, identification, and validation are examined. Selected guidelines for successful modeling are suggested, and examples of such applications in the field of endocrinology and metabolism are given. PMID- 7011058 TI - An observed pressor effect of the cerebellum during endotoxin shock in the dog. AB - The current study investigates the possibility that the cerebellum may be involved in the regulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) during endotoxin shock in the anesthetized dog. The effect of intravenously injected Escherichia coli endotoxin on MAP in the cerebellectomized dog was compared to that observed in the intact animal. Even though removal of the cerebellum did not significantly affect MAP in a control group, the cerebellectomized animal (unlike the intact animal) was unable to recover from the initial hypotension typically seen immediately following an intravenous endotoxin injection. Previous investigators have demonstrated that stimulation of fastigial nuclei in the cerebellum increases MAP via beta-adrenergic activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Captopril (SQ 14,225, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor) was used to determine whether this system could be responsible for the maintenance of MAP during endotoxin shock. When continuously infused into the intact dog given endotoxin, captopril suppressed MAP to a level similar to that of the cerebellectomized group. A similar response pattern to endotoxin was also observed in animals with a spinal transection at C2. PMID- 7011062 TI - Imipramine treatment of borderline children: case reports with a controlled study. AB - The authors discuss the borderline syndrome of childhood, review the pertinent literature, and present three case histories demonstrating the salient features of the clinical syndrome. Each patient failed to benefit from intensive hospital treatment until imipramine (5 mg/kg/day) was added to the treatment regimen. One child was treated in a double-blind, imipramine-placebo crossover protocol. Substantial improvement with imipramine was demonstrated in adaptive peer interactions, compliance, and bizarre behaviors. This strongly supports consideration of imipramine a part of the intensive inpatient treatment of the borderline syndrome in children. PMID- 7011060 TI - Determinism and free will: review of the literature. AB - During the past century various theories of mental functioning that rest on a deterministic view of man have gained dominance. However, a review of psychodynamic writing shows that there has remained a need for some concept of autonomy and inner direction, as represented by the concepts of ego autonomy and behavioral self-control. In fact, some studies of mental health and psychotherapy can be interpreted as supporting the existential view that the experience of "freedom" and "choice" is a genuine phenomenon. Although concepts of behavioral self-control may reconcile these contradictions, the author concludes that no theories of mental functioning have entirely dealt with the paradoxes of autonomy, inner direction, and choice. PMID- 7011061 TI - Diagnosing schizophrenia: Professor Kraepelin and the research diagnostic criteria. AB - The authors applied current diagnostic criteria (the Research Diagnostic Criteria developed by Spitzer and associates and DSM-III) to Kraepelin's descriptions of his own patients and compared Kraepelin's diagnoses of "functional" psychoses related to schizophrenia with those of today. Thirty-two case histories were selected from Kraepelin's textbook of psychiatry. Two psychiatrists screened out any comments from the case histories that might have revealed Kraepelin's original diagnoses.The screened case histories were then diagnosed by one of the authors. A high degree of agreement was found between Kraepelin's diagnoses and the diagnoses of present-day systems. PMID- 7011063 TI - An open clinical trial of mianserin. PMID- 7011065 TI - Constitution and by-laws of the american society of tropical medicine and hygiene. PMID- 7011064 TI - Questioning a dopaminergic hypothesis. PMID- 7011066 TI - Inhibitory effects of immune monkey serum on synchronized Plasmodium falciparum cultures. AB - We studied the effects of heat-inactivated immune monkey serum on the growth of a partially synchronized culture of Plasmodium falciparum. By light microscopy, parasites within erythrocytes were morphologically indistinguishable from those cultured in normal serum. Immune serum reduced by 90% the number of erythrocytes containing newly invaded rings. Clusters of extracellular merozoites, usually around clumps of malarial pigment, were seen frequently in cultures grown with immune serum but rarely in cultures with normal serum. Electron microscopy confirmed the normal development of intraerythrocytic parasites. In immune serum cultures, electron-dense precipitates were found on the surface of schizonts, merozoites, and the excrescences on the plasma membrane of schizont-infected erythrocytes. Merozoites in immune serum culture appeared to aggregate by adherence between adjacent surface coats. These findings support the hypothesis that immune serum agglutinates merozoites and thereby inhibits their invasion into uninfected erythrocytes. PMID- 7011067 TI - The location of San Angelo virus in developing ovaries of transovarially infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as revealed by fluorescent antibody technique. AB - Aedes albopictus adult female mosquitoes, transovarially infected with San Angelo (SA) virus, were examined by fluorescent antibody technique during various stages of ovarian development to determine how the virus enters the egg. Upon emergence from the day of adulthood, it was visible in the follicular epithelium, oocytes and nurse cells of the primary follicles. In the 72-hour period between the ingestion of blood and oviposition, there was a marked increase in the amount of viral antigen in the oocyte, indicating rapid virus accumulation. After oviposition, SA viral antigen was also seen in the secondary ovarian follicles. The observed sequence of infection of the mosquito ovariole with SA virus is analogous to that described with certain endosymbionts of insects. PMID- 7011069 TI - Development and persistence of antibody in persons infected with Babesia microti. AB - An indirect immunofluorescent test was used to determine antibody titers to Babesia microti in serum samples collected from 16 patients between 1 week and 1 year after the onset of illness. Titers rose to greater than or equal to 1:1,024 during the first few weeks of illness and then fell gradually to 1:16 to 1:256 over the next 5-6 months. PMID- 7011068 TI - Adaptation of a Nigerian strain of Plasmodium falciparum to Panamanian Aotus trivirgatus. AB - A patent infection (more than 190 days duration) with Plasmodium falciparum, obtained directly from a patient who had been exposed to malaria in Nigeria, was established in a splenectomized Panamanian owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra. Subinoculations from the original monkey recipient into one splenectomized and two normal A. t. griseimembra produced primary patient parasitemias of 18-54 days duration. These results represent the first successful adaptation of P. falciparum from man to a monkey of Panamanian origin. PMID- 7011070 TI - The 48-hour exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii. AB - Detection and specific identification of the 48-hour exoerythrocytic stage of the primate malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii, was accomplished by means of a highly specific indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFA) applied to hepatic tissue fixed in Carnoy's solution. The 48-hour forms appeared as round-to slightly-oval bodies of average mean diameter 3.0 micrometers (9 parasites) and lying with the cytoplasm of individual hepatic parenchymal cells; each possessed one to three non-fluorescent nuclei or nuclear sections (mean 1.6) within the brightly fluorescent parasitic cytoplasm. In contrast, 72-hour parasites (6) had an average mean diameter of 4.0 micrometers and a mean of 2.2 nuclei. Restaining of IFA preparations with the Giemsa-colophonium method confirmed the plasmodial nature of fluorescent forms, despite some modification of staining characteristics produced by the prolonged exposure of sections to the aqueous phase of the IFA procedure. Exoerythrocytic forms could not be detected in biopsies obtained 24 hours following sporozoite inoculation. PMID- 7011071 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to Trypanosoma cruzi. II. Antibody-dependent killing of bloodstream forms by mouse eosinophils and neutrophils. AB - Mouse mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils were tested for their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Granulocyte populations were found to be far more effective than nonadherent mononuclear cells in an in vitro assay in which the number of motile parasites was measured. Eosinophils and neutrophils were observed to be equally efficient on a cell-per-cell basis in killing the trypomastigotes. These results were verified in parallel experiments in which trypomastigotes, after incubation with antibody and effector cells, were reinjected into susceptible mice and the survival of the animals was determined. PMID- 7011073 TI - Assessment of the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the indirect immunofluorescent technique for the diagnosis of amebiasis. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test was used to study antibody titers to Entamoeba histolytica in various manifestations of clinical amebiasis by comparing the results with parasitological and clinical data from confirmed cases. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of this test for diagnosis were also studied. A high degree of correlation was found between reactivity in the IIF test and confirmed cases of amebic liver abscess. A positivity rate of 96% in sera of confirmed cases of amebic liver abscess in the present study compares favorably with the results of other workers. The IIF test is very useful in the diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis but is less sensitive for amebic dysentery. The test could not be used to differentiate between hepatic amebiasis and amebic dysentery. The IIF test was insensitive for amebic colitis and of no diagnostic value. Specificity and reproducibility of the test were good, as shown by results obtained with sera from patients with parasitic infections other than amebiasis. PMID- 7011072 TI - Courses of infections with Plasmodium falciparum in own monkeys displaying a microfilaremia. AB - Infections with the Uganda Palo Alto, Malayan Camp-CH/Q, Vietnam Oak Knoll, and Vietnam Smith strains of Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) with concomitant microfilaremias usually, but not always, followed a more benign course than infections with the same strains in monkeys free of filarial infections. Four distinct microfilariae were identified in systematic examinations of 26 monkeys, 5 with self-limited infections with P. falciparum, 9 with normally benign self-limited infections with P. vivax, and 12 without previous malaria. The microfilariae found included: Dipetalonema (Dipetalonema) gracile, Tetrapetalonema (Tetrapetalonema) barbascalensis, T. (T.) panamensis, and an unidentified species designated "Aotus C." Among 23 monkeys studied completely, 14 were infected with a single species, 4 had double infections, and 5 had triple infections. T. barbascalensis was identified in 16 monkeys, T. panamensis in 11. Although data were very limited, there was a suggestion that infections with P. falciparum were less intense in monkeys infected with T. barbascalensis, either alone or with other filariae, than in subjects infected only with T. panamensis. PMID- 7011074 TI - Hemoglobinolytic activity of serum in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Sera from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were found to contain substantial amounts of an acid-active hemoglobinolytic enzyme. Recovery of this enzyme from aliquots of pooled 12-week infected serum, using a phenylalanine agarose affinity column, showed that a portion of the enzyme binds tightly to the column at pH 4.0, and can be eluted with 0.01 M formic acid. Another larger portion of hemoglobin-digesting activity is not bound to the column and emerges with the buffer front. Sera from rats which were exposed to cercariae, but in whom worms were stunted and did not develop to maturity, were found not to contain hemoglobin-active protease. At the present time, the source of the enzyme has not been unequivocably proven. The enzyme found in the serum binds to and releases from the affinity column in the same manner as does hemoglobinase recovered from freeze-dried S. mansoni worms. Maximal activity of both enzymes against the substrate occurs at pH 4.5-5.0. Present evidence suggests that the protease present in the serum is of worm origin. It is postulated that this protein may be excreted by the parasite during the process of regurgitation of gut contents. Presence of worm enzyme circulating in the host plasma would correlate with the known sensitization of the host to schistosomal hemoglobin digesting enzyme. PMID- 7011080 TI - Standardized gastroplasty orifice. AB - Consistent weight reduction by gastroplasty requires precise construction of an appropriately sized stoma that will not dilate. The technique described constructs such a stoma around a 32 French Hurst dilator with an external ring of Silastic tubing over polypropylene suture. PMID- 7011076 TI - History and evolution of peptic ulcer surgery. AB - The development of peptic ulcer surgery is traced from 1881 and Billroth until the present. Discussion of the physiologic basis for gastric resection, the several types of vagotomy, and antrectomy is presented as conceived by the surgeons who originated these operations. Treatment of the complications of peptic ulcer surgery is discussed as well as the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 7011075 TI - An American surgeon's contribution to Chinese health care. AB - A prominent American thoracic surgeon, Leo Eloesser, while serving with UNICEF, contributed significantly to the health care of the Chinese people in the late 1940s, during the final years of the civil war and before the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The concepts he developed, especially concerning rural health service in poor, medically deprived nations, and the factors he felt must be taken into account in developing a health care system in any nation had lasting value. The story of the origin of his plan and his efforts to implement it is briefly related. PMID- 7011077 TI - Gastrin and gastric acid secretion in renal failure. AB - In 10 anephric patients awaiting transplantation, 15 patients with chronic renal failure and 30 patients with acute renal failure, daily basal plasma gastrin levels and basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion were measured. Significant elevated plasma gastrin levels were found in all of the anephric patients and in 50 percent of the patients with acute and 55 percent of those with chronic renal failure. Elevated plasma gastrin levels decreased to normal after kidney transplantation or when kidney function returned to normal in the patients with acute renal failure. Gastric acid secretion studies showed a consistent pattern in all three groups of patients with a low basal acid output, a high basal intragastric pH and a very significant peak acid output, perhaps secondary to elevated plasma gastrin levels due to inadequate renal inactivation of gastrin. This may partly explain the increased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastritis seen in patients with different degrees of renal failure. PMID- 7011078 TI - Cimetidine and antacid prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high risk patients. Controlled, randomized trial. AB - A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of prophylactic cimetidine treatment, antacid treatment and no treatment in high risk patients. Sixty patients received cimetidine (200 mg every 6 hours), 52 patients received antacids (Maalox, 10 ml/hour), and 56 patients received no treatment. One hundred thirty-five patients completed the study. Eight patients in the control group and one patient in the antacid-treated group presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. No bleeding occurred in the cimetidine-treated group. Patients considered at low risk had no bleeding. Cimetidine or antacid prophylaxis significantly decreased the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the high risk patients. PMID- 7011082 TI - [Cybernetic analysis of cardiac sinus arrhythmias in obstetrics]. PMID- 7011081 TI - [Action of ethyl alcohol in the period of ontogeny]. PMID- 7011083 TI - [Assessment of increased perinatal risk by radioimmunological measurement of chorionic somatomammotropin and plasma renin activity and by localization of the placenta (scintigraphically) and study of ureteroplacental blood circulation]. PMID- 7011079 TI - Shell splinter in the common bile duct: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice. AB - A foreign body in the common bile duct is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice. In the present case a shell splinter migrating into the common bile duct caused obstructive jaundice 9 years after the original injury. PMID- 7011084 TI - [Ovulation induction with synthetic LH-RH]. PMID- 7011085 TI - The prevention of hypertension at intubation. A controlled study of intravenous hydrallazine on patients undergoing intracranial surgery. AB - Arterial blood pressure and pulse rate changes following tracheal intubation were studied in 20 patients undergoing intracranial surgery who received a thiopentone/suxamethonium anaesthetic induction sequence. Ten of the patients were pretreated with 0.4 mg/kg of hydrallazine and 10 with saline to determine whether hydrallazine prevents intubation hypertension. The results show that the incidence of intubation hypertension can be reduced using this dose of hydrallazine. Hydrallazine pretreatment is therefore recommended in patients at risk from hypertension following tracheal intubation. PMID- 7011086 TI - Renal transplantation in diabetes mellitus. AB - Renal failure is common in patients with diabetes mellitus, and renal transplantation has been used in its treatment. There are indications that the operation may be hazardous in these circumstances, and a report is presented in which careful biochemical monitoring of a diabetic patient undergoing transplantation revealed two episodes of hyperkalaemia which might go some way to explain the hazards of this operation. The relevance of the concept of glucose induced hyperkalaemia is discussed and it is suggested that intravenous infusion of insulin during and after operation might have decreased the rises in serum potassium. The report emphasises the need for careful biochemical monitoring of diabetics undergoing renal transplantation. PMID- 7011088 TI - Aerosol bronchodilator administration in ventilator systems. PMID- 7011087 TI - Experiences with epidural morphine in obstetrics. AB - Morphine (2--6 mg) injected into the epidural space was ineffective in relieving the pain of labour in eight patients. Morphine (2 mg) injected into the epidural space of 60 patients whilst they were undergoing Caesarean section was associated only modestly, if at all, with a diminished incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort, when compared with the epidural injection of saline in 60 patients matched for type of operation and type of anaesthesia. A relatively high incidence of postoperative vomiting was noted among the patients who received morphine. PMID- 7011089 TI - [Development of a s-IMV-technique for Bird apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - We have developed our IMV-technique described previously to a s-IMV-technique. The principle of this s-IMV-technique is the following: it is necessary to equip two Bird Mark 7 machines with a special system of tubes. Then, an additional inspiratory volume is exactly given with the inspiration, triggered by the patient. for this purpose we constructed an electronic set which is able to recognize the spontaneous breathing of the patient by means of a thermistor and a bedside monitor. Then, more frequency variable inspiration volumes are applied exactly with the breathing of the patient. The adaptation of this apparatus to the patient is reached by impressing of a red stylus (on the left side of the Bird) by an electromagnet according to the inspiration of the patient. With this method it is possible to vary the treatment of patients with respiratory insufficiency, for instance, controlled artificial respiration, s-IMV up to spontaneous breathing. The F.I.O2 of the inspired gas can be chosen and lies between 9,21 and 1,0. CPAP and PEEP are possible. PMID- 7011090 TI - Quantitative assay for mutation in diploid human lymphoblasts using microtiter plates. PMID- 7011091 TI - Rapid preparation of covalently closed circular DNA by acridine yellow affinity chromatography. PMID- 7011092 TI - A sensitive method for the detection of aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity of polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7011093 TI - A general, fast, and sensitive micromethod for DNA determination application to rat and mouse liver, rat hepatoma, human leukocytes, chicken fibroblasts, and yeast cells. PMID- 7011094 TI - New fluorogenic substrates for renin. PMID- 7011095 TI - Insulin effects in clarias batrachus L.: a combined biochemical and anatomical study. AB - The effect of mammalian insulin was studied in a freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, at both high and low ambient temperatures. The hormone produced a significant but delayed, yet recoverable, lowering of blood glucose, a concurrent decrease in liver glycogen, and an increase in the glycogen content of muscles. The decrease in brain glycogen occurred during advanced hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic seizures developed intermittently in most of the fishes whose plasma glucose and brain glycogen levels had been considerably depleted. Necrobiotic changes in the pancreatic islets, including degranulation and atrophy, and necrosis of B cells, were seen in the treated fish. In some cases damage to A cells and the acinar tissue was also observed. With the restitution of normal glucose and glycogen values, the islet cells also seemed to have recuperated. Changes in glycemia, glycogen, and the islets were more pronounced in the fishes held at 24 degrees C than in those at 10 degrees C, indicating that the ambient temperature plays an important role in blood glucose homeostasis as well as insulin. PMID- 7011098 TI - Indirect immunofluorescent staining of fibronectin associated with the floor of the foregut during formation and rupture of the oral membrane in the chick embryo. AB - The distribution of the glycoprotein, fibronectin, within the cranial region of stage 8--16 chick embryos was examined by indirect immunofluorescence using paraffin sections exposed to affinity-purified rabbit anti-human CIG and FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins. Fluorescence was present within the matrix surrounding the cranial mesenchyme, along the basal surfaces of all epithelia, and surrounding the notochord at all stages. Fluorescence associated with the floor of the foregut was particularly intense. The fluorescent layers beneath the ectoderm and endoderm of the oral (oropharyngeal) membrane at stage 8 merged into a single, continuous, intensely fluorescent line as the extracellular space within the oral membrane narrowed during stages 9--12. This line of uniform fluorescence parallels the previously described histological reorganization of the extracellular compartment of the oral membrane, but the ultrastructural localization of this fluorescent material remains unknown. Fluorescence was also intense beneath the foregut endoderm in the presumptive cardiac region caudal to the oral membrane and was continuous with strands of fluorescent material extending into the matrix of the dorsal mesocardium and cardiac jelly of the developing tubular heart. These observations indicate that the extracellular matrix associated with the floor of the entire foregut contains fibronectin during stages encompassing the formation and rupture of the oral membrane. The presence of fibronectin within the oral membrane and dorsal mesocardium, as well as between Rathke's pouch and infundibulum and within the closing plates between ectodermal clefts and endodermal pouches, is consistent with the possibility that this glycoprotein may play a role in adhesion at these sites. PMID- 7011096 TI - [The multinationality of the Anatomische Gesellschaft and the usage of the so called congress languages in her meetings (author's transl)]. AB - It is outlined the history of the Anatomische Gesellschaft - founded in 1886 by anatomists of the German-speaking area especially - with special consideration of the international colours and trends as well as the essential possibility to read the papers during the meetings not only in the German language but also in English, French, Italian, Latin and (since 1976) Russian. According the Herrlinger (1965) this history is divided in following parts: 1. from foundation to the world war I, 2. between the 2 world wars, and 3. after the world war II. Although the Anatomische Gesellschaft is resident in Germany (today in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic) it never has been a German society. This important and most famous anatomists of all nations, countries and continents as well as representative scientists of other special branches interesting in morphology had been and now are members of this society. Hitherto the annual meetings of the Anatomische Gesellschaft are presided over by prominent American, Austrian, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish and Swiss anatomists. PMID- 7011097 TI - American Association of Anatomists. List of members. 1980. PMID- 7011099 TI - Immunohistochemical study of lymphocytes in rat pineal gland: selective accumulation of T lymphocytes. AB - Morphologic and immunohistochemical studies were performed to examine the existence of lymphocytes in the brain of rats. Special attention was paid to the time course of the appearance of lymphocytes in and around the pineal gland. Rabbit anti-rat T cell and anti-rat immunoglobulin sera were used for identification of T and B cells in tissue sections. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to identify cells reacting with anti T and anti-immunoglobulin sera. No lymphocytes were found in the brain of rats until 20 days after birth. Small clusters of lymphocytes appeared in the pineal region by 30 days of age, after which they gradually increased in number, forming massive clusters in the pineal region by 120 days. Along with an increase in the number of lymphocytic cells, there was a gradual increase of cells reacting with anti-T cell serum. These T cells were only a minority of pineal lymphocytes in younger animals, but 90% or more cells were stained by anti-T cell serum at 120 days after birth. The remaining cells did not react with anti-immunoglobulin sera either. These findings suggest that the gradual increase of T lymphocytes in the rat pineal region is a simple reflection of the normal course of maturation of T cells, and the pineal gland in the rat may have some role in immune responses within the brain. PMID- 7011101 TI - [State of the lymphocyte T-system indices in body exposure to oxygen under increased pressure]. PMID- 7011100 TI - Neurologic deficits following epidural or spinal anesthesia. PMID- 7011102 TI - [1st experience of using intermittent positive pulmonary ventilation with young infants after heart surgery operations]. PMID- 7011103 TI - [Mechanisms of comatose states]. PMID- 7011104 TI - [Dexamethasone and ATP "protection" of the liver in endotoxinemia]. PMID- 7011105 TI - [Disseminated intravascular blood coagulation]. PMID- 7011108 TI - [Effect of artificial pulmonary ventilation with a varying positive level at the end of expiration on lung function]. PMID- 7011106 TI - [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 7011107 TI - [Mechanisms of brain cell damage in hypoxia and ischemia]. PMID- 7011109 TI - [Survey of parasitoses of wild game animals in the DDR]. AB - A survey about the important parasites and parasitic diseases of the fair game animals in the GDR is given. Here are of special importance: the coccidiosis of the hares, the sarcosporidiosis and the infection with lungworms and gastro intestinal helminths of the wild ruminants and wildboars, the onchocercosis of the red deer and lastly the infection with skin warble, pharyngeal gad-fly larvae and louse-flies of the roe and red deer. The possibility of crosswise infection between domestic and game animals is discussed and the necessity of practicable ways in prevention and medication of the parasites is demonstrated. PMID- 7011110 TI - The antihypertensive effects of a pure and selective serotonin-receptor blocking agent (R 41 468) in elderly patients. AB - In a first experiment, an acute intravenous administration of 10 mg R 41 468, a pure serotonin-receptor blocking agent with high selectivity for blood vessels and thrombocytes and devoid of central effects, dramatically reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 23 elderly hypertensive patients. Heart rate and cardiac output remained virtually unchanged. In a second double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study a highly significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was obtained in 14 elderly hypertensive patients during an 8-day oral treatment with 40 mg t.i.d. of R 41 468. No serious side-effects were observed. An oral maintenance therapy with R 41 468 for 3 weeks showed a further reduction of blood pressure, resulting in a normalization of blood pressure, taking into account the advanced age of the patients. R 41 468 most probably acts by decreasing the venous capacitance bed constriction. Essential hypertension might be causally related to an impairment of venous function, in which serotonin might be an important pressor factor. PMID- 7011111 TI - Cutaneous responses to tests with influenza vaccines. AB - Responses to the intracutaneous infection of influenza vaccines were examined at 24 and 48 hours. Whole virus and subunit virus vaccines of comparable potency induced local reactions of comparable magnitude. Cutaneous reactions to the influenza vaccines were present in almost all adults but absent in young children. Reactions were greatly reduced by ingested prednisone. Responses to a subunit commercial trivalent influenza vaccine were compared with responses to tuberculin in tuberculin-sensitive subjects. In each subject the tuberculin reaction had greater duration than the influenza reaction. In separate tuberculin sensitive individuals the flu vaccine and tuberculin reactions were biopsied at 24 hours. There was mild to moderate cellularity in the responses to both reactants. The cellular infiltration was mainly mononuclear cells except in one case in whom both agents elicited an infiltrate in which neutrophils and eosinophils predominated. The microscopic findings in reactions to tuberculin and influenza vaccine were comparable. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the deposition of complement (C3) in most reactions and of immunoglobulin (particularly IgM) in some reactions of both types. The findings support the view that local reactions to influenza vaccines are acquired and probably immunologic; the difference in duration from tuberculin reactions points to a different pathogenesis which is not yet entirely characterized. PMID- 7011112 TI - Inhibition of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction with reproterol, a new beta agonist-xanthine derivative. AB - This study compared the efficacy of single oral doses of a new beta adrenergic agonist-xanthine derivative, reproterol, with placebo by measuring the degree of induced bronchodilation and inhibition of response to methacholine challenge in patients with bronchial asthma. In comparison with placebo, 30 mg reproterol was an effective bronchodilator. Attenuation of the response, but not complete blockage of the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, was observed with 30 mg reproterol. Methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction is of use in assessing effect and mechanism of the action of new pharmacologic agents. PMID- 7011114 TI - Cross-reactivity among pollens. PMID- 7011115 TI - [Study of pulmonary lymphocyte populations obtained by alveolar lavage]. AB - Purified alveolar lymphocytes obtained by bronchial lavage have been studied in 66 subjects: 8 normals, 24 sarcoidosis, 8 tuberculosis, 4 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 6 collagen diseases and 16 miscellaneous. The following T and B lymphocyte markers have been used: E and EAC Rosettes, Surface membrane immunoglobulins, la antigen and human T lymphocyte antigens. The PHA or ConA responses of some blood and alveolar lymphocyte cultures have also been compared. The results emphasize: -- the tight correlation between the different marker techniques to T and B lymphocytes; -- the larger increases of T lymphocytes in active vs inactive sarcoidosis (p less than 0.001); -- the difference in T lymphocyte number in active vs inactive tuberculosis and in treated vs untreated miliary tuberculosis; -- the absence of alveolar lymphocyte increase in collagen diseases. PMID- 7011113 TI - Inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction with reproterol, a new beta agonist-xanthine derivative. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new bronchodilator, reproterol with standard bronchodilators terbutaline and theophylline in patients with allergic asthma. Efficacy was determined by measuring the initial bronchodilating effect and the inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. In a double-blind, randomized, controlled study with single doses of medication, patients were given reproterol (20 mg and 30 mg), anhydrous theophylline (200 mg), terbutaline (5 mg) and placebo prior to challenge with antigen. Prior to administration of antigen both reproterol and terbutaline had measurable bronchodilating effect when compared to placebo. The bronchodilating effect of theophylline was less than placebo. In comparison to placebo both doses of reproterol and terbutaline significantly attenuated the response to antigen challenge whereas the effect of theophylline was negligible. PMID- 7011116 TI - [The search for circulating immune complex (IC) (author's transl)]. AB - There are at present a large number of methods of searching for circulating immune complexes. No method is totally satisfactory, but the use of several methods simultaneously now permits us to draw a few conclusions. The very frequent presence of circulating immune complexes in the serum during systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute glomerulonephritis, is further evidence in favour of circulating immune complexes in these diseases. Furthermore, circulating IC may be observed in numerous circumstances, without causing obvious pathological consequences. It is nevertheless possible that they may play a role in the control mechanisms of immune function. PMID- 7011117 TI - A swab transport system for anaerobic bacteria (Anatube). AB - The Anatube is designed to be a practical system for swabs of human material which it is intended subsequently to culture for anaerobes. Basically, it consists of a large tube (A) in which is contained a second tube (B) of much smaller volume. The atmosphere in the large tube consists of nitrogen (90 p. cent) and CO2 (10 p. cent). It is important that each specimen is taken with a swab which can be broken off at a particular place. After the sample has been put into the Anatube, the small amount oxygen thus entering the tube is diluted to a low enough concentration for anaerobic organisms to survive. To evaluate the clinical reliability of the Anatube as compared to the system using Stuarts Transport medium, cervical specimens were taken from one hundred unselected women attending the gynecological clinic. PMID- 7011118 TI - [Role of Clostridium and its toxin in pseudo-membranous colitis (author's transl)]. AB - At present many authors consider that pseudo-membranous colitis is of bacterial origin. The main pathogenic agent is Clostridium difficile. It is not easy to isolate this organism in the stool, selective media are under study. It liberates a lipo-glycoprotein exotoxin during lysis. It is only partially purified, its structure is not fully elucidated. Its molecular weight is not yet precisely determined. It consists of several polymerised polypeptide fragments of molecular weight 50 000. It is a thermolabile acid and alkaline sensitive cytotoxin which acts on the cell membranes and the ileo-caeco-colonic mucosa of man and animals. Clostridium difficile is transmissible by a small number of high risk carrier subjects who are potentially patients with pseudo-membranous colitis. Antibiotic therapy may lead to unbalance of the ecosystem represented by the bacterial flora of the digestive tract and favour the multiplication of a resistant strain to the administered antibiotic. The appearance of pseudo-membranous colitis requires the association of sufficient bacterial development (equal or greater than 10(7) germs per gram of stools) and the liberation of a cytotoxin. The pathogenic treatment consists of antibiotic therapy by Vancomycin or Metronidazole which seems, at present, the most active on the germs and a toxin absorbent, such as Cholestyramine, Coliptol hydrochloride or Heavy metals. PMID- 7011119 TI - [Evaluation of ready-to-use media for blood cultures based on 1580 specimens (author's transl)]. AB - We have compared the performance of two types of manufactured media, by making 1580 blood cultures from 250 hospitalized people with bacteremia. The results showed that, within the limits of this present study, the Bacto Tryptic Soy Broth w/SPS and Bacto Thiol Broth w/SPS (DIFCO) are better than the brain heart broth and Schaedler broth (Hemoline, BioMerieux). There was no difference in the microbial growth rate and the type of isolated bacteria with the two brands of media. The superior results obtained with the used media from Difco, as compared to the ones from BioMerieux, could be due to a difference of sensitivity of these broths. PMID- 7011120 TI - Progesterone monitoring of anestrous dairy cows and subsequent treatment with a prostaglandin F2 alpha analog or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - A field study was conducted in 3 large dairy herds (50 to 300 cows) which were the objects of a reproductive health-status program, including the use of a progesterone measurement in plasma or milk. The anestrous syndrome was specifically studied and was defined as no estrus occurrence by postpartum day 60 (postpartum anestrus) or by 21 to 24 days after insemination, if a negative early pregnancy test based on milk progesterone concentrations was obtained (postinsemination anestrus). Two treatments were tested; gonadotropin-releasing hormone or a prostaglandin F2 alpha analog was used according to results of progesterone monitoring. In the largest herd, reproductive performances were recorded on 2 successive years before and after the beginning of such a reproductive health program. The overall decrease in the nonpregnant days was 17 days. This was due to (i) early and appropriate usage of prostaglandin F2 alpha analog in cycled postpartum anestrous cows, as well as in cows not seen in estrus and not pregnant after insemination, and (ii) to shortening of the nonpregnant period in noncycling anestrous cows treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and monitored simultaneously in terms of progesterone concentrations. PMID- 7011122 TI - Demonstration of canine distemper viral antigen in paraffin sections, using an unlabeled antibody-enzyme method. AB - A peroxidase technique was used for the immunohistochemic demonstration of canine distemper viral antigen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The antigen was detected in epithelial cells and nerve cells of young dogs. The application of a combined peroxidase and hematoxylin and eosin stain as a diagnostic technique is discussed. PMID- 7011121 TI - Study of nictitating membranes and genitalia of dogs with reference to lymphofollicular hyperplasia and its cause. PMID- 7011123 TI - Karyotype analysis of leukocytes of gray collie (cyclic neutropenia)-normal bone marrow transplant chimeras six years after transplantation. AB - Karyotype analysis was made on the leukocytes of 2 gray Collie (cyclic neutropenia)-normal bone marrow transplant chimeras transplanted 6 years previously to correct cyclic neutropenia of the gray Collie syndrome. In a male to-female transplant chimera, all of the to metaphase spreads showed the karyotype of male donor origin. In this and the male-to-male chimera, the morphology of all chromosomes examined showed no gross anomalies or breaks which might be of recipient origin. PMID- 7011124 TI - Sensitivities of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine and porcine enteric infections to antimicrobial antibiotics. AB - The antibiotic sensitivities of Escherichia coli isolated from 91 diarrheal pigs and 98 diarrheal calves were determined to 19 different microbials by the Kirby Bauer method. Virtually all E coli isolated from pigs and calves were sensitive to amikacin, colistin, gentamicin, and polymyxin B. In vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for these 4 antibiotics were determined for isolates from both pigs and calves. PMID- 7011127 TI - Passive protection of calves against experimentally induced and naturally occurring enteric colibacillosis. PMID- 7011126 TI - Immunization of calves against salmonellosis. AB - Fifty-six normal colostrum-fed Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian X Angus crossbred calves ranging in age from 3 to 9 weeks were divided into 4 vaccinated groups and 1 nonvaccinated (control) group. Group I consisted of 10 calves vaccinated 2 or 3 times subcutaneously with formalin-killed Salmonella dublin-S typhimurium bacterin with added adjuvant. Group II consisted of 4 calves vaccinated orally with formalin-killed S typhimurium daily for 21 days. Group III consisted of 17 calves given colostrum from dams which had been vaccinated twice subcutaneously with a formalin-killed S dublin-S typhimurium bacterin with added adjuvant. Group IV consisted of 8 calves orally given small doses of live virulent S typhimurium twice. Seventeen calves served as nonvaccinated controls. One to 2 weeks after the final vaccine dose (or at 3-weeks of age for group III), all calves were orally challenge exposed with virulent S typhimurium. Oral challenge dose levels ranged from 1.5 X 10(9) viable organisms to 1.5 X 10(11) viable organisms. Mortality following oral challenge exposure was 11 of 17 controls, 6 of 10 group I calves (ns), 2 of 4 group II calves (ns), 11 of 17 group III calves (ns), and 1 of 8 group IV calves (p = 0.001). Twenty calves, 4 from group I, 8 from group III, and 8 from the control group, given 1.5 X 10(11) challenge organisms (the largest challenge, inoculum) died, whereas only 1 of 6 calves in group IV given this dose died. Group II calves were not given the 1.5 X 10(11) challenge dose. Under the conditions of this experiment, bacterins given parenterally or orally to calves or given parenterally to the dams of calves did not decrease morbidity and mortality, whereas small numbers of live organisms given orally to calves were effective in lessening morbidity and mortality following oral challenge exposure with virulent S typhimurium. PMID- 7011125 TI - Host metabolic alterations during inflammatory stress as related to nutritional status. AB - Malnutrition predisposes to infection, whereas infection can exacerbate malnutrition, resulting in hindered growth and development. This interplay between infection and nutrition suggests that host metabolism has a role in host defense during infection. Infection occasions profound alterations in host trace metal, nitrogen, and hormone metabolism and redistribution as a result of factors [leukocyte endogenous mediator (endogenous pyrogen)] released from stimulated phagocytes. Many of these alterations occur even in malnourished, protein restricted, and zinc-deficient animals and persons, bespeaking the essential nature of these changes. Although these metabolic sequelae of infection appear to be of value to the host during acute illness, a metabolic deficit is often incurred which may persist long after resolution of clinical illness. Understanding host-parasite sequences will allow formulation of an integrated approach to the care of infected patients, combining the appropriate elements of nutrition with the best features of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7011129 TI - Identification of yeasts from infected bovine mammary glands and their experimental infectivity in cattle. AB - Cultures of yeast (n = 91) were obtained from infected mammary glands of cows in New York and Iowa. Of the isolants, 78% belonged to the genus Candida. Eleven Candida species were found, with C tropicalis being the most frequently isolated species and C rugosa being the 2nd most frequently isolated species. Five species of Candida and an isolant of Cryptococcus lactativorus were used for experimental inoculation of mammary glands of healthy cows. Of glands inoculated with C tropicalis, C rugosa, C parapsilosis, and Crypt lactativorus, 100% became infected. Only 3 of 8 glands inoculated with C krusei and 1 of 5 glands inoculated with C albicans became infected. Recovery of organisms from infected glands occurred on an average of 7.4 days after inoculation, and infections were eliminated spontaneously from 10 to 30 days after inoculation. Clinical differences were not noticed in the cows or glands regardless of the species of yeast used for establishing infection. PMID- 7011130 TI - Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissues of fetal and adult sleep. AB - Distributions of B and T lymphocytes in blood and various lymphoid tissues of clinically normal adult and fetal sheep were studied. The B and T lymphocytes were identified in enriched preparations of blood lymphocytes and cell suspensions of solid tissues. The T lymphocytes were quantitated by indirect immunofluorescence, using rabbit antisera to sheep thymus cells. The B lymphocytes were identified by direct immunofluorescence, using rabbit antisera to sheep immunoglobulin. PMID- 7011128 TI - Incompatibility of R plasmids derived from Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains isolated simultaneously from a bovine fecal sample. AB - Seven strains of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated from 2 fecal samples of calves, and the strains were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and tetracycline. Also, 11 Escherichia coli strains were obtained from 1 of the 2 samples, and these strains possessed the identical drug resistance patterns as did the salmonellae. The thermosensitive R plasmids conferring sextuple drug resistance and mercury resistance from Salmonella strains were Fi- (no fertility inhibition) and belonged to incompatibility group H1, whereas conjugative 6 R plasmids isolated from 11 E coli strains were Fi+ (fertility inhibition) and belonged to incompatibility group FII. Thermosensitive R plasmids conferring sextuple drug (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and tetracycline) have not been reported in Japan. Genetic relationship of R plasmids derived from the multiresistant strains of Salmonella and E coli was discussed on the basis of incompatibility properties of R plasmids. PMID- 7011131 TI - Canine babesiosis: indirect fluorescent antibody test for a North American isolate of Babesia gibsoni. AB - A sensitive and reproducible indirect fluorescent antibody test for a North American isolate of Babesia gibsoni was described. In blind tests (coded samples), titer reproducibility was within two 4-fold dilutions and the appropriate positive and negative sera were identified as such. Babesia gibsoni antisera reacted with homologous antigen at one to three 4-fold dilutions greater than with the following heterologous species: B bigemina, B argentina, B equi, Plasmodium falciparum, and P brasilianum. The titer of B canis antiserum to B gibsoni antigen was 1:1,024. low parasitemia (less than 0.01%) of B gibsoni preceded development of minimum significant titer (1:64) by 10 days in a splenectomized dog. Maximum titer was detected 25 days later. In a nonsplenectomized dog, low parasitemia (less than 0.01%) was noted 6 days after injection; it reached 8% at 5 weeks and decreased to and remained below 1% at 7 weeks. A titer of 1:256 occurred at 25 days and increased to 1:65,536 at 18 weeks. Thereafter, it fluctuated to 1:4,096 until the experiment was ended at 24 weeks. organismic antigen retained its reactivity for 5 days at 5 C. This indirect fluorescent antibody test should be useful in the diagnosis of dogs infected with B gibsoni. PMID- 7011135 TI - [Hyperinsulinism. Two case reports and management (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of hyperinsulinism are presented, one nesidioblastosis and one focal adenomatose hyperplasia, in 17 and three months-old males, respectively. Several techniques and diagnostic methods are revised, making a brief resume of its' difficulties. An approach to diagnostic of hyperinsulinisms in particular and of hypoglycemias in general is presented. PMID- 7011132 TI - American Red Cross celebrates 100th anniversary. PMID- 7011136 TI - Marrow transplantation and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7011133 TI - Messenger RNA biosynthesis and nuclear structure. PMID- 7011137 TI - Recurrent systemic lupus erythematosus involving renal allografts. AB - Two cases of recurrent lupus erythematosus involving renal transplants are described. Neither case showed changes of transplant rejection. The clinical course, serologic tests, and renal histopathologic findings remarkably paralleled those seen during each patient's primary disease presentation. Typical and severe extrarenal manifestations of dermatitis, pleuritis, and polyarthritis were noted before renal allograft lupus involvement. Rapid renofunctional deterioration was halted in one patient by plasmapharesis. In the second patient a more protracted course involving the allograft is anticipated. Although previous experiences suggest that lupus disease activity "burns out" after the development of chronic renal failure, findings from these two cases argue against this presumption. Longer periods of transplant follow-up may show more recurrence of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7011134 TI - [Synthesis of xyloidone and lapachone analogs]. AB - Several xiloidone analogues were prepared, in a one step reaction, by the alkylation of lawsone with aldehydes obtained from natural essential oil sources. By Pd/C hydrogenation of these xyloidone derivatives, alpha-lapachone analogues were obtained in high yield. beta-lapachone isomers were prepared from the alpha derivatives by treatment with sulphuric acid. PMID- 7011138 TI - Localized and systemic hypersensitivity reactions to human seminal fluid. AB - Reaginic humoral antibodies to human seminal plasma were present in two women with systemic reactions. In one patient, IgE antibodies were demonstrated by direct skin tests, leukocyte histamine release, passive transfer to a nonallergic human recipient, the radioallergosorbent test, inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test and neutralization of passive transfer antibodies. A similar mechanism was established in the other case by direct skin tests and antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release. Sephadex G-100 fraction 2, derived from human seminal plasma, showed greater reaginic activity than other chromatographic fractions. Two other patients with histories of localized reactions did not develop humoral antibodies but did evince cell-mediated immunity to seminal fluid antigens. One patient with localized reactions also had significant titers of IgM and IgG sperm agglutinating antibodies to seminal plasma. Both reaginic and cell-mediated sensitization to human sperm extract were also observed in this series of patients. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of all patients and their sexual partners showed a marked degree of shared histocompatibility focus antigens in members of each of two couples. PMID- 7011140 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection after renal transplantation. PMID- 7011139 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis due to Candida albicans in patients with acute leukemia. AB - Deep-seated candidiasis developed after chemotherapy in two patients with acute leukemia. The patients developed granulomatous hepatitis caused by Candida albicans but had no evidence of disseminated candidiasis. Candida could not be isolated from liver biopsies taken from these patients, but yeast and filamentous fungal forms could be identified histochemically within the granulomas found in the biopsy specimens. Quantitation of anticandida antibody levels confirmed that deep-seated candida infection had occurred in both patients. The gastrointestinal tract was the only reasonable portal of entry for Candida in both patients. A diagnosis of candida-induced granulomatous hepatitis should be considered if high, unexplained fever and strikingly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels develop in a patient with acute leukemia after an intensive course of chemotherapy. PMID- 7011142 TI - Laetrile: a survey of judicial and administrative activity. AB - The judicial and executive branches of the federal government, motivated by emotionalism, political pressure, and a self-appointed need to placate the National Cancer Institute, have reached a decision on laetrile that weakens the legal protection of the general public. Recent approval of clinical trials of laetrile by the Food and Drug Administration was not consistent with policies adopted earlier, nor was it warranted by federal court decisions. PMID- 7011143 TI - [Towards the end of Kraepelin era?]. AB - The kraepelinian conception which still prevails in contemporary psychiatry no longer allows us to express all the diversity of observed mental disorders. Moreover, some classical resistances and innovations had foreshadowed the necessity of its renewal. Nowadays the quantitative studies using statistics and the computer, as well as the application of scientific theories to the qualitative aspect of disorders have until now failed in improving the situation. However the theory of communication, cybernetic, the general system theory have shown the possibility of seeing mental disorders as dysfunction of systems. Likewise a new method of operatory observation has permitted to result in an integrated system of permanently open functional models. Moreover the transformations of the disorders among some patients lead to evoke the abstract notion of psychopathologic continuum. The latter allows to view mental pathology, no longer as syndromes and entities, but as functional disorders of a same psychodynamic whole. Consequently, the disorders are the evidence of dysregulations of various mental organizations and the result of a dysfunction in the integration of the latter. Their expression in terms of integrated functional models better shows their diversity, polymorphism, and mobility. What is at stake in such a debate is not only theoretic but also practical and therapeutical. PMID- 7011141 TI - Infective endocarditis: an analysis based on strict case definitions. AB - Strict case definitions were applied to 123 clinically diagnosed cases of infective endocarditis. Cases were categorized as definite (19), probable (44), or possible (41) endocarditis or were rejected (19). Compared to other published studies, our patients had an advanced mean age (57), high incidence of underlying valvular disease (66%), short mean duration of symptoms (27 days), and 15% mortality, the lowest reported for a large series. Most cases were caused by viridans streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, or enterococci; Enterobacteriacae were absent, and negative cultures infrequent (5%). Subgroups included nosocomial endocarditis (13%), usually with underlying valvular disease and invasive procedures; prosthesis endocarditis (12%); and cases requiring cardiac surgery (18%). Deaths were caused by heart failure, neurologic events, or superinfection. Strict definitions are useful in managing suspect cases, and are essential in comparing clinical studies. Early recognition and treatment should be the focus of efforts to reduce mortality from endocarditis. PMID- 7011145 TI - Protease-resistant integral brush border membrane proteins and their relationship to sodium-dependent transport of D-glucose and L-alanine. PMID- 7011144 TI - [Endorphins and schizophrenia. I. Brief review of the literature]. PMID- 7011146 TI - Structural features of the insulin effector system: relation to hexose transport activation. PMID- 7011147 TI - Lactose carrier protein of Escherichia coli: studies on purification, biosynthesis, and mechanism. PMID- 7011148 TI - Energetics and mechanisms of lactose translocation in isolated membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7011149 TI - Retention of insulin-stimulated D-glucose transport by detergent-solubilized adipocyte plasma membrane proteins reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 7011151 TI - Hexose transport in adipocytes: stimulation by insulin in the absence of intact receptor. PMID- 7011150 TI - Insulin-stimulated sodium transport in the toad urinary bladder: role of specific protein synthesis. PMID- 7011152 TI - Fashions in membranes. PMID- 7011153 TI - [Progress in oesophagoscopy. The role of the conventional oesophagoscope as against the supple fibroscope (author's transl)]. AB - In the history of endoscopy, laryngologists have played an important role in knowledge of the oesophagus. For those familiar with gastroscopy, the supple fibroscope represents a diagnostic instrument which may be used for observation of the oesophagus with the exception of natural or pathological areas of stenosis. It offers considerable possibilities in the photographic documentation of lesions. It is relatively easy to perform though not completely harmless. The rigid oesophagoscope remains an effective method of investigation of the whole oesophagus, including the oesophageal opening. It remains the best method for the performance of endoscopic surgery and in particular the extraction of foreign bodies. It is not dangerous in the hands of a competent and trained operator. Rather than opposing each other, the two instruments may be seen to be complementary. PMID- 7011154 TI - [Laryngeal histoplasmosis due to "Histoplasma duboisii" (author's transl)]. AB - Primitive detection of the Histoplasma duboisii accompanied with proteiform manifestations, is rare in the superior air ways. Its localisation at the larynx level is an exception and makes the very interest of our following reported observation. In front of this hard diagnostic, only the pathogenic agent visualisation gives evidence. Among serological techniques, immuno-fluorescence and E.L.I.S.A. are very helpful. Therapeutic possibilities have been improved by Miconazole which both associates efficiency and inocuity. PMID- 7011155 TI - [Renal disorders during Plasmodium falciparum induced acute malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011156 TI - [Some patterns of the in vivo Plasmodium berghei entry into erythrocytes as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011157 TI - [Bismuth salts used in gastro-enterology. Data from animal investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011158 TI - The management of lower extremity degloving injuries. AB - Successful treatment of massive degloving lower extremity requires a flexible approach with adherence to basic surgical principles. There should be aggressive therapy with extensive debridement guided by direct observation and fluorescein vital dye staining. Wound closure, either primary or delayed, should be carried out using autogenous tissues when local and systemic tissue conditions permit. PMID- 7011159 TI - Use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in Grillo procedure. PMID- 7011160 TI - One-stage reconstruction of massive craniofacial defect with gastroomental free flap. AB - A large craniofacial defect resulting from a close-range shotgun blast is described. It involves the left hemimandible, the left maxilla, the hard palate with nasal support, the roof of the left orbit, and the left side of the oral lining. The defect was reconstructed using autogenous ribs for the facial skeleton. The remainder of the defect was repaired with a composite free tissue transfer of gastric wall and greater omentum on the right gastroepiploic vessels. The gastric wall was used to reconstruct the oral mucosa, the omentum was packed around the bone grafts for nourishment, and a split-thickness skin graft was placed on the outside surface. The technical aspects of the procedure are described and a two-year follow-up presented. PMID- 7011161 TI - Presentation and diagnosis of patients with acute abdominal pain: comparisons between Leeds, U.K. and Akershus county, Norway. AB - Geographical variation in clinical presentation may be a key obstacle to accurate diagnosis of patients with acute abdominal pain. This paper studies two series of patients presenting to hospital with an "acute abdomen"; 552 patients from Leeds, England and 398 patients from Akershus, Norway. The causative disease patterns and detailed clinical presentation are compared and contrasted (where appropriate) with a larger series of 6,097 patients under study by the World Organisation of Gastroenterology. Finally, the report outlines the results of implementing automated (computer-aided) diagnostic systems both in Leeds and Akershus, and the effects of adopting a structured case history form for data recording when the patient is first seen. PMID- 7011162 TI - Late results of surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension. AB - Over a 4-year period, 32 patients, 11 females and 21 males between 18 to 62 years of age (mean age 39 years) were operated on because of renovascular hypertension. Three patients were operated on bilaterally. The most common type of arterial reconstruction was aortorenal venous bypass. Early nephrectomy was performed in two patients, and secondary nephrectomy due to graft occlusion in four patients. There was no operative mortality. Seven patients died during follow-up, five of them of cardiovascular causes. The proportion of patients who were cured or improved by surgery throughout a follow-up of two to 72 months (mean 24 months) exceeded 87%. Nine of these 28 patients were normotensive, the other 19 were improved with less need of drugs following surgery. Four patients were failures. Lateralizing renal venous renin activity was found to be the best single criterion for prediction of improvement following surgery. In the majority of the patients who were cured after surgery, there was no preoperative heart hypertrophy and fundoscopic findings were normal or mildly pathological. A higher incidence of hypertensive changes in the target organs was observed preoperatively in the improved patients than in the cured ones. PMID- 7011163 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a controlled study. AB - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) was applied to 100 parturients with a view of decreasing pain during labour. A control group of 100 parturients was randomly selected. Two hours after delivery the mothers and their midwives independently completed questionnaires regarding the pain which was subjectively quantified, during the different stages of labour. The distribution of age and parity of the mothers, the duration of labour, and Apgar score of the neonates at one minute were comparable in the two groups. The desire for and administration of analgesic agents was equal in each group. Significantly more mothers in the TNS group reported that labour had been moderately or intensively painful compared to the control group during cervical dilatation from 1--7 cm. After this degree of dilation the subjective judgement regarding pain were the same in both groups. The expectation of pain during labour, as well as the experience of pain compared to expectation, was similar in both groups. Thirty-one of the mothers in the TNS group considered the pain relieving affect of the TNS good and 55 considered it moderate. Thirty-two of the mothers in the TNS group wanted a more efficient analgesic method for the next labour. PMID- 7011164 TI - Epidural anaesthesia with mixtures of bupivacaine-lidocaine and etidocaine lidocaine. AB - The mixtures of 0.5% bupivacaine- 1% lidocaine and 1% etidocaine- 1% lidocaine were used in a double-blind manner for lumbar epidural anaesthesia in 48 patients undergoing prostatectomy in order to study whether these mixtures speed up the onset of analgesia, shorten the long motor block, motor block, or improve the quality of analgesia caused by bupivacaine or etidocaine alone. The mixture of bupivacaine-lidocaine caused an analgesia with a somewhat faster onset, similar duration and markedly shorter motor block than bupivacaine alone. The sensory block produced by the mixture of etidocaine-lidocaine tended to begin more slowly and had a distinctly shorter duration, as was the motor block, as compared to the block caused by etidocaine alone. The analgesia was complete in all 12 patients who received bupivacaine and in 11/12 patients who received the mixture of bupivacaine-lidocaine, but 6/12 patients anaesthetized with etidocaine and 5/12 patients with the mixture of etidocaine-lidocaine experienced considerable visceral pain during the operation. The results suggest that the mixture of bupivacaine-lidocaine produces a block with somewhat better properties than bupivacaine alone, but the mixture of etidocaine-lidocaine does not offer any advantages as compared to etidocaine alone, except the shorter motor block. PMID- 7011165 TI - Comparison of digoxin analysis by EMIT with Immophase and Dac-Cel radioimmunoassay. AB - The results obtained by an enzyme multiplied immunoassay kit, EMIT, for the measurement of serum digoxin concentration were compared with those from two radioimmunoassay kit methods, Immophase and Dac-Cel. Patients' sera were used to study the correlation between the methods, and three quality control sera with low, intermediate, and high digoxin concentrations were used to study individual method precision. The coefficients of correlation between the three methods varied between 0.915 and 0.951 for serum drug concentrations up to 4.5 nmol/l. There were statistically significant differences between the means of the patients' samples for each method. Precision was acceptable for each method: within-batch percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) less than 8, between-batch %CV less than 10, except for Dac-Cel at low concentration %CV = 18.6. The time taken for the analysis of a batch of 10 samples was between 1.5 and 2 hours, depending on the method. PMID- 7011166 TI - Identification of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria. AB - By combining the various methodologies for anaerobic bacteriology, a scheme has been developed with four flow charts for the identification of the clinically significant anaerobic organisms. This scheme incorporates the use of gas chromatography and a micromethod biochemical system. PMID- 7011167 TI - Effects of insulin on phytohemagglutinin-P, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen in diabetic and nondiabetic lymphocytes. AB - Blast transformation of lymphocytes from diabetics and nondiabetics was evaluated after adding insulin at various concentrations. Responses to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), concanavalin-A (CON-A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were measured in the presence of exogenous insulin added in physiologic increments of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 microunits of activity per ml of culture medium. A modified method utilizing heparinized whole blood was used. After a four day incubation period, 3H-TdR uptake was evaluated and used as the index of stimulation. A standard pooled z test for comparison of 3H-TdR uptake showed a decrease in blast transformation of diabetic lymphocytes compared to nondiabetic lymphocytes to the mitogens PHA-P (p less than 0.01), CON-A (p less than 0.01), and PWM (p less than 0.01). Added insulin increased the diabetic lymphocyte blast transformation response to each of the mitogens. Blast transformation in diabetics never reached the leve of blast transformation in nondiabetics. It is hypothesized that there is a cellular defect in either membrane receptors or intracellular metabolic pathways which accounts for the decrease in diabetic lymphocyte blast transformation. PMID- 7011168 TI - Male pseudohermaphroditism. AB - The abnormalities of male sex differentiation are relevant from chromosomal abnormalities, male differentiation with inappropriate karyotype, true hermophroditism and male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH). We define MPH as incomplete masculinization of the external genitalia in subjects with normal 46 XY karyotype. Clinical phenotype of MPH is not characteristic: it will depend on the degree of the abnormality and to its timing during fetal life. The syndromes resulting in MPH are: dysgenesis of the fetal gonads, abnormalities of gonadotropin, deficiency of enzymes needed for the biosynthesis of testosterone, and abnormality of androgen target cells. Some of these syndromes occur sporadically whereas others happen with a specific aggregation. Clinical data suggest that several syndromes of MPH are transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait, although the deficiencies of the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of testosterone have been reported to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7011169 TI - Brain tissue from persons dying of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease causes scrapie-like encephalopathy in goats. AB - Two goats became affected with an encephalopathy indistinguishable from scrapie 43 months after they were inoculated intracerebrally with 10% suspensions of brain from two persons dying of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Although this observation does not establish the common identity of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus and scrapie virus, it is thought to provide strong evidence of a close etiological relationship between the two diseases. PMID- 7011170 TI - Epilepsy in adults. AB - The past decade has seen advances in the management of patients with epilepsy. The development of practical long-term electroencephalographic techniques, with or without simultaneous video recording, has increased the accuracy of diagnosis of seizure types. The technique also provides clinicians and investigators with a method for establishing the clinical efficacy of antiepileptic drugs and determining their therapeutic serum concentrations. Computerized tomography has enhanced the identification of structural brain lesions. Most of the reported CT abnormalities consist of diffuse and focal atrophies, mild ventricular dilatations, and porencephalies. CT has detected tumors in 8 to 10% of the patients regardless of age or type of seizure involved. New concepts of antiepileptic drug therapy have developed from the recognition of pharmacological properties peculiar to each agent. Determination of serum antiepileptic drug levels has to be utilized to reduce the problem of pharmacokinetic variability from one patient to another and in the same patient at different times, so that dosage can be individualized to achieve maximum therapeutic effects with least toxicity. Review of the literature on pregnancy in epileptic women shows that a third to half experienced more seizures during gestation. Reduced serum levels of most antiepileptic drugs have recently been observed during gestation. Infants of epileptic women taking antiepileptic drugs have a two to three times greater risk for congenital anomalies than infants of nonepileptic women. However, with the exception of oxazolidinediones, evidence to date has not proved the teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs. The role of genetic factors and the effect of seizures during pregnancy have not been determined. Modest progress has been made in epilepsy rehabilitation, but serious problems still remain. The unemployment rate of persons with epilepsy is twice the national average. Half of those who are successfully employed did not disclose their disorder at the time of employment. Several prognostic indicators have been reported, but the validity of many of these indicators is questionable. For example, does shorter life expectancy apply to all subgroups, or does it vary according to seizure type and cause? The life expectancy, treatment response, and probability of remission in epileptic persons must be reevaluated after consistent applications of current methods of epilepsy management. PMID- 7011171 TI - Reminiscences of the early days of transformation. PMID- 7011172 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in human leukemia. PMID- 7011173 TI - Phenylketonuria and other phenylalanine hydroxylation mutants in man. PMID- 7011174 TI - Biochemistry of the gene products from murine MHC mutants. PMID- 7011175 TI - Chromosome-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells. PMID- 7011177 TI - Anatomical organization of central respiratory neurons. PMID- 7011178 TI - The fetal adrenal gland. PMID- 7011180 TI - Recent advances in the metabolism of vitamin D. PMID- 7011176 TI - Genetics of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PMID- 7011179 TI - Extracellular androgen binding proteins. PMID- 7011181 TI - Patterns of intestinal motility. AB - The small intestine in vivo is capable of a variety of patterns of contraction. Many of these patterns can result in the propulsion of intestinal contents. In the healthy human, dog, and rat propulsion is caused by at least two different patterns. One pattern seen in the fasted animal results in the intermittent movement of material out of any given segment of bowel and then the steady movement of this material down the bowel. In the fed state, there is a more or less uniform net aboral movement of contents. Although there are two distinct patterns, the net effect, in the rat at least, is that over long periods of time propulsion is of equal velocity in the two conditions. In certain disease states, other patterns of motility can be responsible for propulsion. These patterns can propel material orally as well as aborally. In light of these contractile patterns, it would not be surprising to find that propulsion in isolated segments can be affected by several different patterns of activity. Also, it would not be surprising to find that the various subsystems controlling motility can be integrated in several different modes to produce such patterns. PMID- 7011183 TI - Epidermal and nerve growth factors in mammalian development. PMID- 7011182 TI - Hormonal control of skeletal growth. AB - The endocrine control of skeletal growth involves not only calcium regulating hormones but also several systemic hormones and other factors. Many direct effects of these agents on skeletal growth have been demonstrated in vitro. While these direct effects may also predominate in vivo, and certainly are important in helping us understand how skeletal growth is controlled, it is likely that skeletal growth in vivo is determined by the complex interactions of a concert of hormones that play both permissive and regulatory roles. Additionally the effect of hormones may be modified by local or intrinsic responses of the skeleton or by changes in ion concentration. Phosphate may have a hormone-like function in the skeleton since high serum concentrations are associated with increased growth and low serum concentrations with impaired growth and mineralization (2, 5, 7, 37, 89). Because of these interactions, in vivo and in vitro studies on hormonal control of skeletal growth are often contradictory. A careful distinction between indirect and direct effects will help to interpret the information now available and to devise better studies in the future. PMID- 7011184 TI - "Endorphins" in pituitary and other tissues. AB - The pituitary gland, brain, and various other tissues contain endorphins. These can be divided into at least two groups: peptides derived from beta-LPH (Group 1), and enkephalins and related peptides (Group 2). In addition, there seem to be still unidentified peptides. Recent studies have revealed heterogeneity in endorphin moieties, such as different chain lengths and the presence of acetylated forms. Such heterogeneous peptides may have biologic activities different from those studied with synthetic beta-endorphin or Met- and Leu enkephalins. Further studies should clarify the exact nature of native endorphins present in various tissues and the actions of these native peptides. The interaction of endorphins with other putative neurotransmitters, as well as the nature and regulation of opioid receptors, must be studied to define all the features of the endorphin system. PMID- 7011185 TI - The role of nervous systems in temperature adaptation of poikilotherms. PMID- 7011187 TI - Energy metabolisms of parasitic helminths: adaptations to parasitism. AB - Many metazoans, and particularly the parasitic forms, have adapted well to their environments. This is particularly obvious in organisms that reside in anoxic surroundings, such as the large lumen-dwelling intestinal parasites. However, anaerobic energy metabolisms are not confined to parasites in microaerophilic environments. Some that reside in highly aerobic surroundings (e.g. blood or lungs) also have lost much or all of their aerobic capabilities for energy generation. Adaptations toward anaerobiosis are many and varied: homolactate fermentation (schistosomes and filarial worms), heterolacate fermentations (H. diminuta), and succinate and heterosuccinate fermentations (Ascaris). Even helminths that are obligate aerobes are not complete oxidizers. All accumulate aerobic fermentation products, indicating at best a limited terminal respiration. Some worms, particularly some of the larval stages, retain their ability to survive anaerobically but require the presence of oxygen for motility. Regardless of the type of oxygen requirement, all parasitic helminths examined are dramatically different from their mammalian hosts in regard to their energy metabolisms. Many similar adaptations have been shown to occur in nonparasitic organisms ranging from metazoans, through fish and mammals. There is much room for additional studies of these biochemical adaptations. PMID- 7011186 TI - Scaling of physiological processes in homeothermic animals. PMID- 7011188 TI - Intrinsic neural control of intestinal motility. PMID- 7011189 TI - Physiology of diving in marine mammals. AB - Natural dives are usually short and aerobic, involving swimming effort that is not energetically costly. Present evidence indicates few, if any, major biochemical enzyme adaptations that would promote an extended anaerobic capacity in marine mammals. We have discussed the lack of evidence for unusual biochemical adaptations for anaerobiosis and the importance and characteristics of natural aerobic dives. What explanation can we offer for the known capability of some marine mammals, such as Weddell seals and sperm whales, to remain submerged for over an hour? Attributes that serve them well for shorter dives are important also for long dives, such as: (a) a large total oxygen store relative to body size, and (b) parsimonious use of blood oxygen due to the lowered energy requirements of various organs. During long dives, some organs deplete their oxygen stores, become predominately dependent on anaerobic metabolism, and build up large quantities of lactate. The result is a degree of fatigue that leaves the animal incapable of further intense diving activities for some time. Consequently, long anaerobic dives are quite rare in nature. PMID- 7011190 TI - Vascular smooth muscle reactivity. PMID- 7011191 TI - Factors affecting changes in the neonatal systemic circulation. PMID- 7011192 TI - The splanchnic circulation: intrinsic regulation. AB - Several mechanisms are involved in the intrinsic regulation of splanchnic blood flows. Of these, myogenic, metabolic, and hormonal factors appear particularly important. The relative contributions of these elements vary with the status of the tissue. Myogenic and metabolic mechanisms prevail during stress states such as arterial pressure reduction or venous pressure elevation, thereby regulating microvascular pressures and O2 exchange. During periods of enhanced functional activity, hormonal and metabolic mechanisms appear to work in concert to assure adequate delivery of nutrients and O2 to, and removal of metabolites and absorbed elements from, the active tissue. PMID- 7011193 TI - Control of energy metabolism of heart muscle. PMID- 7011194 TI - Permeable junctions between cardiac cells. PMID- 7011195 TI - Neural regulation of the heart beat. PMID- 7011197 TI - Osmoregulatory salt transporting mechanisms: control of cell volume in anisotonic media. PMID- 7011196 TI - Gap junctional communication. PMID- 7011198 TI - Development, innervation, and activity-pattern induced changes in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7011199 TI - x-ray diffraction studies of muscle. PMID- 7011200 TI - Distribution of hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase in the nephron and its physiological significance. AB - In addition to the well established action of PTH in proximal tubules and of AVP in collecting tubules, polypeptide hormones were recently shown to regulate transport properties in other tubular portions. Although still scarce, such physiological studies using isolated perfused tubules demonstrated hormonal effects in those nephron segments observed to contain responsive adenylate cyclase and not in the others. Moreover, the same effects were elicited by applying exogenous cAMP or cAMP derivatives. There is, therefore, good evidence that hormone-dependent adenylate cyclase is involved in the cell mechanisms through which many hormones regulate tubular functions. The effects obtained varied depending on the segment of tubule used. It is not yet established whether the nature of the hormonal effect induced via cAMP is entirely specified by the responding cell types or is also specified by the hormone itself. Further studies are needed to clarify this important problem, as well as many other as yet unsolved questions. There is obviously much more to learn about the hormonal regulation of tubular cell functions by using appropriate biochemical and physiological micromethods. PMID- 7011201 TI - The renal kallikrein-kinin and prostaglandin systems interaction. PMID- 7011202 TI - Catecholamines and the kidney: receptors and renal function. PMID- 7011203 TI - From the neural crest to the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. PMID- 7011204 TI - Sensory inputs to the medulla. PMID- 7011206 TI - Central determinants of respiratory rhythm. PMID- 7011205 TI - The intestine as a fluid propelling system. AB - The ability of intestinal segments to propel fluid from their lumens can be characterized in dynamic terms by measuring the movement of luminal fluid ejected into attached systems that predispose the amount of work the segment must do to affect fluid transfer. Studies employing this approach have demonstrated that the propulsive capability intrinsic to intestinal and colonic segments is not uniform along the bowel. Differences in propulsive behavior observed to occur solely as the result of the operation of subsystems intrinsic to particular intestinal regions suggest (a) that external control inputs can alter the propulsive state of a region, and (b) that this altered state may exist for hours after the external input to the system is terminated. Consideration of the propulsive performance of segments as an emergent property of interactions among intrinsic subsystems has contributed to the formalization of precise questions heretofore not asked about the organization and function of intestinal subsystems and their associated interactions. Knowledge of propulsive behavior and its control is still in its infancy. Further studies employing basic concepts and procedures similar to those reviewed above will advance our understanding of intestinal propulsion and of the intestine as a complex system. PMID- 7011207 TI - [Nonpolyene macrolide antibiotics]. PMID- 7011208 TI - [Awarding of the Leon Bernard Prize. The Leon Bernard Medal and Prize awarded to Prof. Samuel Halter]. PMID- 7011209 TI - Regulation of synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L1 and L11. PMID- 7011210 TI - Characterization of subunit structural alterations which occur during purification of nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7011211 TI - Bullous scleroderma. AB - Bullae arose in two patients with scleroderma and in one patient with a similar condition, eosinophilic fasciitis. Biopsy specimens from two of the patients demonstrated prominent dermal lymphatic dilation. We hypothesize that these lesions occurred after the development of lymphatic obstruction secondary to dermal sclerosis. PMID- 7011212 TI - Retinoids, cancer, and the skin. AB - Vitamin A and its newly developed synthetic analogues recently have been demonstrated to have profound effects on disorders of keratinization, sebaceous gland function, and cancer. In separate sections of this article, we review the history, chemistry, metabolism, mechanism of action, toxicity, and clinical applications of both the naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids. PMID- 7011214 TI - Immunological aspects of nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria. AB - Immunological aspects of 40 northern Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome of recent onset are reported. Eight our of 30 had hepatitis-associated antigen in their sera. Hypocomplementaemia was rare. Measurement of serum C3, C4, and ASOT was not of diagnostic value. Proteinuria selectivity index was poor in half of the patients, and appeared t o depend on the severity of the kidney lesion. Abnormal immunofluorescence of kidney glomeruli to immunoglobulins, complement, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium falciparum was found in 26 of the 29 children. The pattern of immunofluorescence was chiefly granular and was confined to the glomeruli. IgM was predominant. It was concluded that immunological reaction is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigerian children. PMID- 7011213 TI - Neuropathic bladder and spinal dysraphism. AB - The association between spinal dysraphism and a neuropathic bladder is well known, but the diagnosis of the spinal lesion and the associated renal problems is often delayed. Four children referred with orthopaedic problems and in whom the bladder abnormally proved to be the major disability are described. Despite widely differing vertebral involvement, all had lower motor neurone neurological deficits confined to lumbar and upper sacral segments. All had unstable, variably thickened, small bladders, and it is proposed that the bladder abnormality is the result of a partial lesion of lumbosacral innervation, and not of an upper motor neurone lesion. PMID- 7011216 TI - Lipid synthesis from the liver in patients with psoriasis. AB - In psoriatic patients with hyperlipidemia we studied the hepatic lipid synthesis from (1-(14)C)-acetate in human liver biopsy specimens in vitro by a thin-layer radio-chromatography. In psoriatics type IV (according to Fredrickson) a significant increase in (1-(14)C)-acetate hepatic incorporation especially into phospholipids (25%) and triglycerides (52%) was observed; in type IIb increased lipogenesis was phospholipids (24.5%), free cholesterol (44.4%) and triglycerides (29%). Abnormal lipid metabolism often coexists with glucose intolerance in psoriasis; no correlation between hyperinsulinemia and augmented (1-(14)C) acetate incorporation into hepatic triglycerides was found. PMID- 7011215 TI - HLA-DR antigens in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - HLA-A, B, C, and DR-typing was performed in 51 children with insulin-dependent diabetes. A close association between childhood diabetes and HLA-DR3 and DR4 was established. DR3 was found in 55% and DR4 in 75% of the diabetic children, compared with 20% and 26% respectively in healthy controls. The combination of DR3 and DR4 was present in 37% of the diabetic children compared with only 4% of the controls. This investigation provides strong evidence that the susceptibility genes for insulin-dependent diabetes are in close linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-DR locus. In diabetic children DR4 seems to be a more important susceptibility factor than in patients with manifestation of insulin-dependent diabetes after 15 years. PMID- 7011217 TI - [Characterization of an associated polyclonal B lymphocytic population in the dermal infiltrates of mycosis fungoides. Study by immunofluorescence in sections of skin lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011218 TI - [Urinary cytology after renal transplant. Early diagnosis of rejection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011219 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefoxitin in colorectal surgery: effect on the colon microflora and septic complications--a clinical model for prediction of the benefit and risks in using a new antibiotic in prophylaxis. AB - Cefoxitin was administered parenterally in doses of 2 g, every six hours for two days, to 20 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Blood and fecal specimens were obtained for five days for analysis of cefoxitin concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut wall were obtained at surgery. The maximum serum concentrations during surgery varied between 25 and 100 microgram/ml, and the cefoxitin concentrations for the fecal samples were 1.5-35 microgram/g and for the tissue samples, 2.0-50 microgram/g. Fecal samples for cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were also obtained daily during the first five days, and after 14 day after operation. Pronounced changes in the microflora occurred during the investigation period. Among the aerobic bacteria, cefoxitin-sensitive Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria decreased markedly while cefoxitin resistant enterococci, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter proliferated during the antibiotic prophylaxis period. Among the anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis and other Gram-negative bacteria decreased significantly. However, after the antibiotic administration period, all cefoxitin-resistant strains decreased while the suppressed E. coli and B. fragilis strains increased. In one patient, a minor postoperative infection caused by a cefoxitin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed. PMID- 7011220 TI - Vein replacement with fresh vital veins: a comparison of transplantation in RT-1 different rat strain combinations. AB - Transplantation of the intrathoracic inferior vena cava into the abdominal inferior vena cava of the recipient was performed in inbred rat strains of the following combinations: Syngeneic F344 leads to F344, RT-1-identical allogeneic LEW leads to F344, and RT-1-different allogeneic CAP leads to F344. In the RT-1 different combination subgroups with presensitization (blood, skin) were formed. The transplanted veins were evaluated at different times, macro- and microscopically. To test humoral immunology reactivity, we used a modified hemagglutination test, to analyse cell-mediated reactivity, subsequent skin grafts. The following results were obtained: 1) Aside from sporadic mononuclear cells caused by the operation technique, syngeneic vein grafts do not show any macroscopically visible and microscopically detectable changes. 2) Weakly allogeneic vein grafts do not lead to microscopically detectable changes in the graft. Strongly allogeneic vein grafts cause temporary mononuclear cell infiltration, which subsides within 21 days, without influencing the morphologic structure of the vessel wall. 3) In the RT-1-identical allogeneic strain combination, only accelerated skin graft rejection time indicates systemic sensitization, in the strongly allogeneic system, the increase of hemagglutinating antibodies also does this. 4) In both the RT-1-identical allogeneic strain combination and the RT-1-different allogeneic one, a proven sensitization does not lead to a permanent morphologic alteration. 5) Only presensitization with strong antigens (skin) leads to a macroscopically visible, as well as microscopically detectable, rejection reaction. PMID- 7011221 TI - Early versus delayed shoulder motion following axillary dissection: a randomized prospective study. AB - The role and timing of physical therapy following axillary dissection for melanoma, or in conjunction with modified radical mastectomy has not been extensively studied. A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out over an 18-month period in the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, in which patients were assigned to receive one of two postoperative physical therapy regimens. Patients were assigned to receive graduated increases in allowed range of motion (ROM), either beginning on postoperative day 1 (early) or day 7 (delayed). All patients were advanced to full pain-free ROM when the suction catheters were removed. A total of 36 patients with 40 axillary dissections (19 for melanoma, 21 for breast cancer) were included in this study. Patients randomized to receive early motion had more total wound drainage (805 +/- 516 cc vs. 420 +/- 301 cc, p < 0.01), more days of drainage (10.3 +/- 5.3 vs. 6.2 +/- 2.7, p < 0.01), and later postoperative day of discharge (12.8 +/- 5.1 days vs. 9.2 +/- 4.0 days, p < 0.02) than did patients who started motion on day 7. Wound complications including infection and small areas of skin breakdown occurred more frequently in the early group (seven patients vs. one patient, p < 0.02). No significant differences in the per cent of patients achieving functional ROM could be identified between these two groups at one, three or six months after operation. Transient serratus anterior palsy (12 patients) and latissimus dorsi palsy (2 patients) occurred in approximately 30% of all patients, regardless of group (breast vs. melanoma, early vs. delayed), but returned to normal in all patients. The early institution of flexion and abduction exercises following axillary dissection thus appears to have a deleterious effect on wound healing and drainage. Adequate functional ROM is attained in all patients with a minimum of complications when active motion exercises are delayed for up to 7 days after axillary dissection. PMID- 7011224 TI - Pancreaticoduodenectomy and celiac occlusive disease. AB - Pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently associated with an average perioperative mortality rate of 25%. Breakdown of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis accounts for the greatest morbidity and usually results from technical complications. The potential contribution of unsuspected celiac occlusive disease to anastomotic dehiscence remains unclear. Two patients with biopsy-proven carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, in addition to arteriographic evidence of hemodynamically significant stenosis or occlusion of the celiac artery, recently underwent potentially curative pancreaticoduodenal resection and simultaneous celiac revascularization using a splenic to superior mesenteric artery reimplantation technique. Neither patient experienced postoperative complications. Inadvertent sacrifice during pancreaticoduodenectomy of celiacomesenteric collateral pathways which have developed in response to chronic celiac artery insufficiency may predispose to ischemia of the upper abdominal viscera and this contribute to postoperative complications such as liver failure and anastomotic breakdown. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric arteriography is recommended prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy. If high grade ostial stenosis or occlusion of the celiac axis is demonstrated by preoperative arteriography, strong consideration should be given at the time of pancreaticoduodenal resection to simultaneous celiac revascularization. PMID- 7011223 TI - Use of peroperative cefoxitin to prevent infection after colonic and rectal surgery. AB - A double-blind, controlled trial was performed to assess the effect of a short intraoperative course of Cefoxitin, a new broad spectrum cephamycin antibiotic, on the incidence of septic complications following elective colonic and rectal surgery. In addition to a two-day preoperative bowel preparation, patients entered in the study received a short course of either Cefoxitin (three 2g intravenous bolus doses at two-hour intervals, the first before skin incision) or a matching placebo. Thirty-two patients received Cefoxitin and 33 patients received the placebo. Postoperative abdominal wound infections developed in one (3%) of the Cefoxitin-treated patients and nine (27%) of the placebo-treated patients. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.01). Septic complications remote from the abdominal wound, e.g. intra-abdominal abscesses, occurred in both Cefoxitin-treated and placebo-treated patients, but numbers were too small for meaningful analysis. The study shows that even a very short peroperative course of Cefoxitin is highly effective in reducing postoperative abdominal wound infections after elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 7011222 TI - A randomized comparison of cefoxitin with or without amikacin and clindamycin plus amikacin in surgical sepsis. AB - The efficacy of cefoxitin, either alone or in combination (+/-) with an aminoglycoside was compared with clindamycin plus (+), an aminoglycoside for the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic surgical infections, in a prospective randomized single blinded study. One hundred patients were entered into the study; 37 patients were assessable for clinical outcome in both groups, while toxicity could be assessed in 46 patients in the cefoxitin group and 47 in the clindamycin group. The groups were evenly matched considering age, sex, and type of infection. Favorable clinical responses were achieved in 34 of 37 patients treated with cefoxitin +/- amikacin, and 29 of 37 patients treated with clindamycin + amikacin; there was no statistical difference between the groups (p greater than 0.1). The incidences of toxicity were the same. Our study has demonstrated that cefoxitin with or without an aminoglycoside is as effective as clindamycin plus an aminoglycoside in the therapy of serious mixed infections in surgical patients. PMID- 7011226 TI - Influence of aspirin and dipyridamole on patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - A prospective randomized trial was performed to determine if the administration of inhibitors of platelet function would improve the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. Patients were operated on for intractable angina with angiographically demonstrable lesions. The left internal mammary artery (IMA) was used for bypass of lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Saphenous vein grafts were used for the LAD if the IMA was inadequate and for all other vessels. Treated patients received 1,300 mg of aspirin and 100 mg of dipyridamole (Persantine) orally each day. Control patients received neither drug. Patients returned 3 to 6 months after operation for repeat angiography. Results were analyzed by chi-square. One hundred seventy-four patients entered the study from June, 1973, through December, 1975, and 113 were analyzed. In the control group, 66 patients had 27 IMA-LAD grafts and 93 saphenous vein grafts. In the treatment group, 47 patients underwent 18 IMA-LAD grafts and 75 saphenous vein grafts. Ninety-eight of the 120 grafts (82%) were patent in the control group, and 87 of 93 grafts (94%) were patent in the treatment group (x2 = 6.34, p less than 0.02). Of the 45 IMA-LAD grafts in both groups, only 1 was occluded, a patency of 98%. In the control group, 72 of 93 saphenous vein grafts (77%) were patent. In the treatment group, 69 of 75 (92%) were patent (x2 = 6.54, p less than 0.02). The results of the study show a 15% difference between the two groups in the early patency of saphenous vein grafts. We continue to use aspirin and dipyridamole to improve the patency of saphenous vein bypass grafts. PMID- 7011227 TI - A modified intracardiac patch holder. AB - A new intracardiac patch holder is described. This instrument facilitates the suturing of prosthetic patches. PMID- 7011225 TI - Predictability of surgical cure of renovascular hypertension. AB - Seventy-five patients with renal artery stenosis were studied; 50 patients had unilateral lesions and 25 had bilateral lesions. Divided renal vein renins and peripheral renins were collected under strict salt intake, drug intake, and postural conditions. Divided renal vein renin ratios and a scoring system that included peripheral renin and affected and contralateral renal secretion of renin were applied to each patient and compared in each to the patient's ultimate surgical result. Both methods, if positive, are highly predictive of cure in patients with renal artery disease. Both methods are plagued by significant false negative rates, 20% for renal vein ratio, 33% for the scoring system in patients with unilateral stenosis, and 35% and 48%, respectively, in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. For these reasons, surgical selection should be based on evaluation of a combination of the clinical presentation, angiographic findings, and renin data. PMID- 7011228 TI - Tined transvenous endocardial electrodes: results of a randomized prospective study. AB - The early (30-day) dislodgment rate of standard-use flange-tipped and of tined endocardial electrodes was compared in a randomized prospective clinical trial. Four of 16 (25%) of the flange-tipped leads and none of the 18 tined leads dislodged within 30 days of implantation (p = 0.01). We believe that the tined electrode represents a major improvement in electrode design and is clearly superior to the flange-tipped electrode in reducing the incidence of early dislodgment. PMID- 7011229 TI - The role of lymphstasis in atherogenesis. AB - The cardiac lymphatics are responsible for the transport of all the lipoproteins and cholesterol from the extravascular myocardial tissue, although little is known about the filtration and lymphatic clearance of the coronary artery wall. It is postulated that a critical factor in the genesis of arteriosclerosis is lymphstasis, which adequately explains the positive correlation with the known risk factors for coronary artery disease and the negative correlation with high density lipoproteins. Further research is necessary in this little-known area to better understand the etiology of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7011230 TI - Cell-mediated immunity is depressed following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Sequential in vitro lymphocyte function tests in 13 patients undergoing cardiac operation were performed to determine factors that contribute to depressed cell mediated immunity following operation. Lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), and mitomycin treated, pooled, allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC). Mitogen responses were measured by 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation. Circulating levels of T, B, and Fc-receptor lymphocytes were determined by counting E, EAC, and EA rosettes. Serum cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay. The T-cell-dependent lymphocyte responses (PHA, Con A, and MLC) were significantly decreased 24 hours after operation, and this was accompanied by a 60% decrease in circulating T-cell levels. The PHA, Con A, and MLC responses, and circulating T-cell levels returned to preoperative values one week following operation. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens remained significantly decreased when the number of T cells in the postoperative cultures were adjusted to preoperative levels. This indicates that the T cells remaining after operation were functionally impaired. We conclude that lymphocyte proliferative responses and antigen recognition are significantly depressed following cardiac operation, and that these responses are related to decreased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and depressed function of the remaining T lymphocytes. PMID- 7011231 TI - Decannulation from the tenuous aorta. AB - Arterial decannulation from a diseased aorta at high pressure can be hazardous. A technique increasing the safety of this maneuver is described. PMID- 7011233 TI - [The physical examination]. PMID- 7011232 TI - A historical account of the "wet lung of trauma" and the introduction of intermittent positive-pressure oxygen therapy in world war II. AB - During World War II, my associates and I observed for the first time in medical history that casualties with severe brain, thoracic, abdominal, and extremity trauma, who had persistent "wet" respiration (wet lung of trauma), were most difficult to resuscitate, withstood operation poorly, and had the highest mortality. The etiology appeared to be ineffectual cough and persistent bronchopulmonary fluid from hemorrhage, pulmonary transudates resulting from anoxia, airway obstruction, and unknown causes secondary to trauma, some of which have been discovered since then. Our treatment consisted of assisting cough, transnasal tracheobronchial aspiration and oxygenation, bronchoscopy, and tracheostomy. To treat the advanced form, pulmonary edema, I devised an effectual hand-operated intermittent positive-pressure oxygen machine, which has been supplanted by elegant automatic volume- and pressure-regulated devices. Through the use of the intermittent positive-pressure breathing machines, most hospitals have developed thriving departments of respiratory therapy. Better physiological monitoring and use of intermittent mandatory ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure have improved the care, but our basic principles of treatment are still the standards of respiratory therapy. PMID- 7011234 TI - [The rise of contemporary Mexican medicine]. PMID- 7011235 TI - [Effect of sub-pressor doses of dopamine on renin secretion in the anesthetized dog]. AB - The effects of dopamine, its precursor L-dopa, and the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine (BEC), on plasma renin activity (PRA), in pentobarbital anesthetized male dogs were investigated. Infusion of dopamine at a dose which did not change blood pressure ( 4 ug/kg/min) had no effect on the secretion of renin, nor did it produce modifications in the PRA response to furosemide (10 mg i.v.). L-dopa, in single dose of 500 mg (p.o), significantly augmented PRA two hours after administration, and the renin values remained elevated throughout the observation period of 120 minutes. However, BEC (2.5 mg p.o.) produced no changes in PRA during this time period. We conclude that at the dose utilized, dopamine apparently has no influence on the secretion of renin, and does not modify the increase in PRA provoked by diuretic. It is possible that the L-dopa induced augmentation in PRA is due to stimulation of the juxtaglomerular cells, by the noradrenaline formed in peripheral tissues from administered L-dopa. PMID- 7011236 TI - Cholinergic, anticholinergic agents and hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes. AB - The in vitro effects of some cholinergics and an anticholinergic agent on hepatic liver alcohol and aldehyde-dehydrogenase were investigated. Physostigmine was the only cholinomimetic agent which significantly inhibited hepatic mitochondrial aldehyde-dehydrogenase without concomitant changes in specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. This inhibitory action of physostigmine is found to be competitive and is confined to the enzyme with the low Km value which is also known to be inhibited by disulfiram. Kinetic studies were made to determine changes in the apparent Km value of aldehyde dehydrogenase by physostigmine. Additional experiments were performed to evaluate the Ki50 of physostigmine. The results are discussed in relevance to possible physostigmine-ethanol interaction and the complication of physostigmine in post-operative recovery procedures in individuals with alcohol intoxication and/or in alcoholic patients. PMID- 7011237 TI - Multiclinic comparison of amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide, and hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride in essential hypertension. Multicenter Diuretic Cooperative Study Group. AB - A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing amiloride hydrochloride, amiloride hydrochloride plus hydrochlorothiazide, and hydrochlorothiazide was conducted in 179 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (diastolic pressure, 95 to 115 mm Hg). After 12 weeks of treatment, significant reductions in pressure were observed for all three treatment groups. Systolic pressure reduction was greatest for amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide. Baseline vs 12 week average supine pressures were 153/101 vs 139/93 mm Hg for amiloride, 160/100 vs 137/90 mm Hg for amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide, and 154/101 vs 134/89 mm Hg for hydrochlorothiazide. Baseline vs treatment mean serum potassium levels were 4.24 vs 4.47 mEq/L for amiloride, 4.24 vs 3.86 mEq/L for the combination, and 4.15 vs 3.56 mEq/L for hydrochlorothiazide. The changes in serum potassium level from the baseline for amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide were significantly different from those for hydrochlorothiazide throughout the study (except for week 6). All drugs were well tolerated, and no drug-related toxic reaction was detected. This study demonstrates the efficacy of amiloride and amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide as diuretic antihypertensive potassium-conserving agents. PMID- 7011238 TI - Poor yield of neisseria gonorrhoeae from blood culture. PMID- 7011239 TI - Proteolysis and antiproteolysis associated with toxemia of pregnancy. AB - Ten pregnancy toxemia patients, 10 pregnant patients with essential arterial hypertension and 12 normal pregnant women were studied between the weeks 37 and 40 of gestation. From them blood samples were obtained 24 hours before and 24 hours and three months after the delivery. In these samples proteolytic (P) and antiproteolytic (AP) activities and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1-AT) concentration were determined. The P and the AP were measured by hydrolysis of BAPNA, and the A1-AT by radial immunodiffusion. The most interesting results were observed 24 hours before the delivery. Toxemic patients presented increase of P and AP, and hypertensive patients diminution of A1-AT when compared with normal controls. These results demonstrated that in toxemia and essential hypertension during pregnancy maladjustments in mechanisms of serum proteolysis and antiproteolysis, perhaps related with the activation of complement, clotting and circulating immune complexes formation systems, exist. PMID- 7011240 TI - Protease and antiprotease concentrations in serum and vaginal fluid of patients with carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The capacity of malignant cells to invade and disseminate throughout the tissues is partly due to the fact that these cells synthesize and secrete proteases and plasminogen activators. Its growth can be inhibited by antiproteolytic substances in vitro or by natural inhibitors such as alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2MG). It is a known fact that in cervical cancer, serum A1AT levels are elevated, but so far it has not been determined if serum proteolytic activity is elevated and if both occur simultaneously in vaginal fluid. 32 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix, and 25 non-cancerous women were studied. A1AT, A2MG, cathepsin B, trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC), plasminogen and proteins in plasma and vaginal fluid were studied. In cancer cases, proteolytic activity of serum and vaginal fluid (cathepsin B) is elevated, when compared to controls (p less than 0.001). A1AT and A2MG levels are clearly elevated in plasma, but not in the vaginal fluid; TIC was elevated in serum in cancer cases (1.31 vs. 1.74 p less than 0.005) but was not altered in vaginal fluid. It was found that in cases of carcinoma in situ cathepsin B, plasminogen, A1At and A2MG and CIT were significantly increased (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively). In vaginal fluid the only statistically significant figure increased was cathepsin B (p less than 0.001). These studies show an altered protease-antiprotease balance in patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri. PMID- 7011241 TI - Direct studies of dikaryotization in Schizophyllum commune. I. Live inter cellular nuclear migration patterns. AB - Compatible matings of Schizophyllum commune were performed on glucose-peptone yeast extract medium appended with gelatin (18%) and studied by phase contrast microscopy during nuclear migration. Three categories of nuclear migration were observed. Type I involved a pulsatile jerking of the entire cytoplasmic contents of the hypha, changed direction periodically, and, during periods of cytoplasmic tranquility, the nucleus continued to migrate. Type II A migration of nuclei occurred in the absence of visible cytoplasmic flow. Both Type I and Type II A nuclear movements exceeded the hyphal growth rate by 10--20-fold. Type II B nuclear migration also occurred in the absence of visible cytoplasmic flow and the velocity was within the range of the hyphal growth rate. No specific organelles that were detected either directed or facilitated Type II A or Type II B nuclear movements. The nucleolus could either lead or trail relative to the direction of nuclear movement. Nuclear migration can be attributed to both cytoplasmic flow and self motility, depending upon the particular regions of the migration hypha in which it occurs. PMID- 7011242 TI - Characterization of a new murein-associated lipoprotein in the outer membrane of Proteus mirabilis. AB - A murein-associated outer membrane protein from Proteus mirabilis has been isolated. Since the protein carries ester- as well as amide-linked fatty acids it can be classified as a second outer membrane lipoprotein. An apparent molecular weight of 15,000 for this protein was determined from amino acid analysis and sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition, however, does not show similarities with the amino acid composition of the lipoprotein covalently linked to murein, which has a molecular weight of 7,300 as described previously in Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 7011243 TI - Relative levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) in some N2 fixing bacteria during derepression and repression of nitrogenase. AB - Addition of ammonium to N2 fixing cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum rapidly reduced the intracellular levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) by 70-90%. This change might reflect a regulatory role of ppGpp in nitrogen metabolism. PMID- 7011244 TI - [Morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 3. Enzymographic studies of arterial plasma of mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. AB - Twelve different enzyme activities, which are listed and explained in greater detail in Table 2, were determined statistically secured, and discussed, following a three-year study into arterial plasma of 118 female and 124 male minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. Simply normally distributed or logarithmically distributed plasma enzyme activities were found to differ primarily by sex, with other experimental conditions being identical and regular. The enzyme activities of ICDH, active CPK, and total LDH (the latter only with females) were normally distributed, whereas all the other enzymes activities tested, except for gamma-GT and SDH, were of Gaussian distribution only after logarithmic transformation of the individual values. The plasma enzyme activities of GPT, LAP, ChE, LDH1, MDH, and AP differed from those of GOT, gamma-GT, SDH, total LDH and active CPK, in that they usually exhibited highly significant sex-related differences. All minks were tranquilised and kept under general anaesthesia, using neuroleptanalgesia, but all their enzyme activities were found to vary just as widely as those reported elsewhere in literature, in the context of minks without anaesthesia. The latter result was experimentally confirmed by means of a model experiment in which enzyme activities were recorded from nine male ferrets, prior to, during, and after neuroleptanalgesia. PMID- 7011245 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens in industrialized poultry units. 2. Microbiological studies: Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens]. AB - Checks were applied to 3,213 dead or ill broiler chickens and broiler parents for the purpose of elucidating enzootic or epizootic Staphylococcus aureus infections which had occurred on three industrialised poultry units. Rates of Staphylococcus aureus detection and identification declined by the following order: staphylococcal septicaemia (100 per cent), dermatitis (75.42 per cent), arthritis and tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis (64.59 per cent), wound infections (24.02 per cent), infection of bursa suprasternalis (18.94 per cent), underdevelopment (8.70 per cent), navel-yolksac-peritonitis (7.83 per cent), and conjunctivitis (7.14 per cent). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most important pathogen of arthritis with synovitis and of osteomyelitis with epiphysiolysis, the rate of detection being directly correlated with the severity of the pathologico-anatomic alterations established. Attempts to culture mycoplasmas from irritated synovial sheaths were successful only in three of 56 examined animals (5.3 per cent). The site variety of gallinae or strains of the crystal-violet Type A with lysis patterns of 84, 53, 77 and 84 accounted for 78.1 per cent of all Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from infected fowl. Their percentual importance was 85.0 for septicaemia, dermatitis, and arthritis with synovitis and osteomyelitis. For prophylaxis and control of Staphylococcus aureus infections of fowl on elimination of predisposing factors and on the control of epidemic occurrence of the above types. PMID- 7011246 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens in industrialized poultry units. 3. Experimental infection of chickens and comparison of pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus of different origin]. AB - Day-old chicks were subcutaneously infected with Staphylococcus aureus strains of site variety gallinae and crystalviolet Type A. The lysis patterns involved were with phages 84 as well as with phages 53, 77, and 84 of the international base scheme for human staphylococci. In fowl with synovitis and arthritis, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, and septicaemia, 52 of 57 tested strains (91.2 per cent) produced on the site of injection pathognomic oedematous-haemorrhagic and necrotising changes of the skin and hypodermis (haemorrhagic dermatitis) in a way which is characteristic also of natural diseases. However, no specific skin changes could be produced by subcutaneous infection of nine strains of site variety hominis or undefinable category with differentiated biochemical properties and lysis patterns. They had been isolated from cases of compound infection, salpingitis and wound infections as well as from one case of arthritis. Fifty-seven strains, obtained from mammals, were tested subcutaneously, on day-old chicks, among them 21 strains of site varieties of bovis, canis, ovis, and hominis. However, only four of those strains, isolated from miscarried pig foetuses and cattle with mastitis, caused, oedematisation and exudation (7.02 per cent), but no haemorrhagia and only minor lysis and necrosis of skin. The minimum dose required to induce haemolytic dermatitis was 11 x 10(3) pathogens, and the lowest lethal dose of six tested strains was between 11 x 10(5) and 26 x 10(7) pathogens. The lowest dose of mammalian strains with lethality to day-old chicks was [10 bis]10(4) times as high as the lowest dose of fowl strains. Subcutaneous infection of day-old chicks has worked well as a high speed test by which to differentiate between fowl-pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus strains, on the one hand, and mammalian strains, on the other. The need for delimitation of such strains has been confirmed by the above experimental infections. Against the background of the above results, guidelines are proposed for the control of Staphylococcus aureus infection of fowl. PMID- 7011247 TI - Psychiatric diagnoses (Research Diagnostic Criteria) in symptomatic volunteers. AB - Symptomatic volunteers (SVs) are increasingly used as subjects for clinical research studies. A total of 362 SVs were recruited, psychiatric diagnoses were made according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and standard symptom scale scores on the Hopkins Symptom Check list (HSCL) for the individual diagnostic categories were computed. Of these subjects, 221 were classified as having a depressive disorder (three categories), 112 as having an anxiety disorder (three categories), and 29 as having some other RDC disorder. The HSCL scale scores for the depressive- and anxiety-disorder subject groups were consistent with those for actual patient groups. There were significant differences in HSCL scores for some RDC categories within the broader depressive- or anxiety-disorder groupings. Individual RDC categories should be kept separate in reporting treatment results for depressive or anxiety disorders. PMID- 7011248 TI - Effect of des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin in tardive dyskinesia. AB - The endorphin neuropeptides may have neuroleptic-like effects on dopamine function and may be antischizophrenic. Ten chronic psychotic patients with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism received placebo and des tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E). Drug effects on movement disorders and eye blinking rates were assessed by blind evaluations of randomly sequenced videotapes made during standardized examinations before and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after each injection and at 24 hours postinjection on days of consecutive treatment. Changes in schizophrenic symptoms were evaluated openly with the schizophrenia subscale of the Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale. There were no significant effects of DT gamma E on any parameter and no side effects. This suggests that DT gamma E, within the tested dose range, does not influence the pathophysiology of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias or chronic schizophrenia or have neuroleptic properties. However, DT gamma E is well tolerated and should be tested with higher doses during prolonged treatment. PMID- 7011249 TI - Rapid treatment of acute psychotic symptoms with high- and low-dose haloperidol. Behavioral considerations. AB - Twenty acutely psychotic male psychiatric inpatients were assigned to two groups and treated with high- and low-dose haloperidol using a rapid neuroleptization technique. A six-day maintenance phase followed. Both groups improved at one hour, one day, and seven days after starting treatment, and neither group differed as to degree or rapidity of symptom alleviation. Therefore, the results of the study do not give experimental support for the administration of high doses of haloperidol to young, acutely psychotic inpatients with relatively good prognoses. PMID- 7011250 TI - Attention deficit disorder ('minimal brain dysfunction') in adults. A replication study of diagnosis and drug treatment. AB - This study replicated an earlier one dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit disorder (ADD, or minimal brain dysfunction) in adults. Subjects who met provisional operational criteria for adult ADD were entered in a random-assignment, parallel, double-blind trial of placebo and pemoline, a noneuphorigenic psychostimulant drug effective in children with ADD. There was improvement in both the pemoline group and the placebo group, but the difference in improvement was not statistically significant. When the analyses were confined to that subgroup of patients whose parents had described them in the 95th percentile of childhood "hyperactivity" or when the hyperactivity score was partialled out statistically, pemoline was demonstrably more effective than placebo. Revised operational criteria for adult ADD are proposed. PMID- 7011251 TI - Mental patients' attitudes toward hospital staff. A review of quantitative research. AB - Relatively few social scientists have collected quantitative data on the attitudes of patients toward the staff of mental hospitals. The present report is a review of this body of research, with special consideration given to ascertaining the degree of patients' favorableness to staff. Results indicated that in 21 of the 27 different samples reviewed (78%), patients had favorable attitudes. Patients proved to be somewhat more favorable to staff at mental hospitals generally than staff at their own institution. Type of hospital and time of study had a negligible impact on patients' views. Staff in lower ranks in the hospital hierarchy or in nontherapeutic roles usually received lower evaluations. A content analysis of the attitude measures revealed that patients are quite positive about staff's accessibility, receptivity, support, and training, but somewhat negative toward staff's permissiveness and control. Few social or psychiatric variables were observed to affect patients' responses. PMID- 7011252 TI - Elaboration of human chorionic gonadotropin by lung tumors: an immunocytochemical study. AB - The highly sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method was used to demonstrate the presence of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) within paraffin sections of human lung tumors of diverse histologic patterns. Of the 61 tumors studied, 51 (84%) displayed HCG-like immunoreactivity. This is a much higher incidence than was expected considering studies by other investigators in which serum samples from patients with lung cancer were assayed for HCG. Our results are, however, consistent with data from studies by other investigators in which tumor extracts were assayed for HCG. In addition, it was found that HCG production was often linked with glycogen storage within tumor cells. This may explain the association of HCG production with large-cell carcinomas of the lung, because these tumors often contain copious quantities of glycogen. PMID- 7011253 TI - A simple immunohistochemical method for the detection of prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - A simplified immunohistochemical method was developed to identify prostatic cells in paraffin sections for the diagnosis of primary or metastatic prostatic carcinoma. By incubating each section with a specific antiserum, followed by incubation with a specific acid phosphatase isoenzyme of the prostate, the antibody binding site is visualized by staining for acid phosphatase activity in the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate and in the metastatic prostate carcinoma cells that involve the lymph node. The present method is simpler and more specific than the previously described indirect immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 7011255 TI - Cognitive correlates of biologic sex and gender identity in transsexualism. AB - Twenty-two individuals seeking sex-change surgery and diagnosed as transsexual by a Gender Identify Research Team underwent extensive neuropsychological and cognitive testing prior to surgery. On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale transsexuals performed in congruence with their biologic sex rather than gender identity. In contrast, on a measure of conceptual styles, transsexuals performed in congruence with their gender identity. The MMPI did not provide evidence of a major psychopathological process. PMID- 7011254 TI - Psychophysiological aspects of sexual dysfunction. AB - The argument is made that human sexual dysfunction is particularly well suited for investigation within the conceptual framework embraced by psychophysiology, due to the unique participation of both physiological and psychological components in the sexual response cycle. The literature relating psychophysiological research to the investigation of sexual dysfunction is reviewed, indicating promising applications in the diagnosis and treatment of some sexual dysfunctions as well as in the evaluation of sex therapy programs and the testing of medical theories about the etiology and maintenance of sexual dysfunctions. PMID- 7011256 TI - Prostacyclin (epoprostenol): its effect on canine splanchnic blood flow during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Prostacyclin (epoprostenol, prostaglandin I2) is a vasodilator of the splanchnic circulation during normotensive states. To confirm the persistence of its effects after hemorrhagic shock, six anesthetized, previously splenectomized, adult mongrel dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock using a modified Wigger's technique in which a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg was maintained until 25% of the shed blood spontaneously returned. The animals were randomly resuscitated with normal saline solution or a similar volume of saline solution containing prostacyclin. Organ blood flow was calculated by measuring the distribution of radioactively tagged microspheres. During shock, blood flows to the liver, small intestine, pancreas, and carcass were reduced. During a 60-minute infusion, prostacyclin selectively caused a significant increase in hepatic arterial blood flow. This improvement in arterial blood flow may prove beneficial in the clinical management of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7011257 TI - Influence of a relaxing incision on suture tension in Bassini's and McVay's repairs. AB - Suture tension levels measured during 151 inguinal herniorrhaphies in 135 men were higher initially and after a standard relaxing incision in 78 McVay's as compared with 73 Bassini's repairs. The difference, as well as the effect of the relaxing incision on tension, was greater in the middle. In 77 indirect repairs, before relaxation suture tension differed in 51 Bassini's and 26 McVay's procedures only in the midzone. However, with a relaxing incision, the former had much less tension. Similar results were obtained in 74 direct hernias, but better relaxation was seen in 52 McVay's repairs than with their indirect counterparts. These findings were confirmed when 42 McVay's and 37 Bassini's operations on equally (moderate) sized defects were compared. Thus, the complete repair (McVay's operation), with closure of the femoral canal and a deeper, more posterior suturing than in Bassini's operation, is associated with more tension. Use of a relaxing incision is obviously indicated. Further follow-up of our cases may substantiate that the level of suture tension at the time of operation correlates with the risk of recurrence. PMID- 7011258 TI - Inguinal hernia repair: an experimental model in the rat to evaluate technical factors. AB - An experimental model in the rat has been developed that we believe simulates the situation in inguinal hernia. Using this model, the bursting strength of wounds made by approximating uninjured fascia were compared with wounds made by apposing either incised fascia or the raw edges left after excising fascia. The strongest healing resulted when raw edges were apposed and when continuous sutures were used. We believe that these studies give support the use of Shouldice's hernia repair. PMID- 7011259 TI - Production of antibodies against measles virions by use of the mouse hybridoma technique. PMID- 7011260 TI - Effects of biotin on lipids and other constituents of plasma of healthy men and women. AB - A double-blind study of the effect of biotin supplementation (0.9 mg/day) of self selected diets on plasma lipids and other plasma constituents was carried out in 40 men and women, age 30 to 60 years, for 71 days. Comparison of percent change from control levels showed significant treatment effects on more plasma constitutents than did comparison of the means of the actual levels. In an analysis of period of period changes, the largest differences were observed generally during the first two weeks after supplementation when small but statistically significant positive changes for biotin-treated men and women differed significantly from changes for the placebo-treated in total lipid, total phospholipid, and alpha + beta lipoprotein cholesterol. At the end of the study, these levels were at or below initial levels. Plasma biotin levels were elevated by biotin supplementation. There was a negative correlation between biotin levels and total plasma lipids. Responses os some lipid constituents of plasma were greater in volunteers who initially had elevated levels of lipids than in those who initially had normal levels of lipids. It is concluded that human requirements for biotin should be studied by new approaches and with modern techniques. Questions raised regarding the role bo biotin in the lipid metabolism of normal men and women should be investigated further. PMID- 7011261 TI - Role of endothelial integrity in atherosclerosis. AB - Recent advances in endothelial biology have made it essential that we carefully define the concept of "endothelial injury." Frank denudation may not play an important role, indeed may not exist because of the ability of the endothelium to rapidly replace desquamating cells. Less dramatic forms of injury which may be of interest include alterations of endothelial cell functions in replicating cells as well as alterations in function which may occur independent of any cell loss. This last category receives new emphasis today because of the rapid increase in the number of functions identified in endothelial cells. These include the apparent ability of endothelial cells to synthesize a growth factor which can stimulate smooth muscle proliferation in the absence of the platelet derived growth factor. PMID- 7011262 TI - Serum lipoprotein composition, hormones, and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - The synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) was measured in the presence of human sera with high LDL-cholesterol concentration (type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic patients) or high HDL-cholesterol concentration (marathon runners and lumberjacks). In addition, the effect of some hormones on GAG synthesis was studied. As compared to normolipidemic controls, type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic sera decreased markedly the synthesis of HA without affecting the synthesis of S-GAGs. On the contrary, sera with high HDL cholesterol concentration decreased the synthesis of S-GAGs causing a decrease in S-GAGs/HA ratio. Cortisol in concentrations slightly above the physiological level inhibited the synthesis of HA and increased the S-GAGs/HA ratio. Insulin, and interestingly also sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) had no clear effect on GAG-synthesis. It is known that there is an increased S GAGs/HA ratio in early atherosclerotic lesions. Our results suggest that the determination of this ratio in SMC cultures provides an useful method of studying the atherogenity and antiatherogenity of various sera and hormones. PMID- 7011263 TI - The effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on cell proliferation of human smooth muscle cells. AB - The effect of insulin and insulin like growth factors on the proliferation of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells was investigated. Smooth muscle cells were cultivated by explanation. The effect of insulin and of an isolated serum protein fraction containing insulin like growth factors on the proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells was studied by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of the cells. Insulin stimulated in all concentrations the proliferation of the cells more than culture medium with 1% fetal calf serum. Insulin could not stimulate growth to the same degree as medium with 10% serum. On the other hand the isolated proteins had a more potent growth-promoting effect than medium with 10% serum. PMID- 7011264 TI - Aortic response to renovascular hypertension. AB - In the early phase of malignant renal hypertension induced by aortic ligature, a transient activation of transmural aortic permeability is observed. The transmural permeability shows its maximum during the first week of hypertension returning in the third week to normal or even subnormal values, whereas the blood pressure is still rising. The permeability disturbance precedes the structural transformation of the arterial wall. Although the aortic segments above and below the ligature are exposed to different blood pressure and hemodynamic stresses their patterns of permeability disturbance are the same. If the kidney below the aortic ligature is removed no permeability disturbance can be observed. Aortic wall PGI2-formation both above and below the ligature is elevated in the first phase of hypertension. The PGI2-synthesis returns to normal values during the 5th week. Our data suggest that in the early phase of renovascular hypertension there is an increased aortic antiaggregatory activity and that PGI2 is probably not the compound responsible for increased transmural permeability. Moreover, the blood pressure and the hemodynamic forces have no decisive importance in the induction of the aortic transmural permeability disturbance. PMID- 7011265 TI - Platelet behaviour and vascular disease. AB - Studies of platelets from individuals who have experienced a thrombotic event have not yet conclusively demonstrated an active role for platelets in thrombosis. Platelet hyperactivity after myocardial infarction may relate to poor prognosis but further studies are required. Arachidonate metabolism may differ in platelets from different individuals and studies in vascular disease are warranted. PMID- 7011266 TI - Stimulation of anti-aggregatory activity from rat aorta by hypolipidemic drugs. AB - The effect of clofibrate, clofibric acid and nicotinic acid on the ability of rat aortas to synthesize prostacyclin-like biological material is reported. Dissected and washed aortas of rats, treated with these drugs showed a markedly higher capacity to synthesize acid-labile prostacyclin-like activity than those of untreated controls. The investigated drugs may thus not only exert their influence on plasma lipid metabolism but also on the inhibition of platelet thrombi formation in the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. PMID- 7011267 TI - [Immortalized names of Soviet scientists--morphologists]. PMID- 7011268 TI - [Matter of great social importance (regarding the letter of V. Ch. Brzheskii)]. PMID- 7011269 TI - [Myosatellite cells]. PMID- 7011270 TI - [Morphogenesis of the heart lesion in experimental infection with streptococcal L forms]. AB - Histological, histochemical, and immunofluorescent methods were used to study alterations in the hearts of 250 randombred white mice inoculated once intraperitoneally with a stable culture of L-forms of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus in a dose of 2 x 10(6) CFU and sacrificed at intervals of 1 day to 1 year after inoculation. The development of chronic progressive pathological process (inflammatory, dystrophic, and sclerotic) involving all the membranes of the heart and running against an increasing allergic background was demonstrated. In connective tissue formations of the heart, the antigen of streptococcus L forms could be detected by immunofluorescence throughout the duration of the experiment. The observed pathogenicity of streptococcus L-forms indicates the necessity of elucidating their role in human infectious pathology. PMID- 7011271 TI - [Morphological types of the changes in the myofibrils of cardiac muscle cells]. AB - Light microscopy and electron microscopy examinations showed the changes in myofibrils to be a criterion of early stages of cardiomyocyte involvement. Proceeding from this, the main types of acute cardiomyocyte damage are distinguished: contractures (segmentary and subsegmentary), primary clump degeneration, intracellular myocytolysis and cytolysis. The best way to detect the state of myofibrils by light microscopy is to use polarization microscopy which diagnoses in sections acute metabolic damages and early stages of myocardial infarction, repeated and relapsing infarctions, fibrillation of ventricles. The utilization of polarization microscopy in pathological practice permits one to diagnose definitely the early stages of acute damages of the heart in cases of sudden and unexpected death. PMID- 7011273 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Order of Lenin Central Institute of Advanced Training for Physicians]. PMID- 7011272 TI - [Shigella interaction with immune enterocytes]. AB - The immunity induced in rabbits by oral immunization with Boivin Shigella polyantigen results in activation of enterocytes: hypertrophy and dilatation of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, increase in the number of sizes of primary and secondary lysosomes. Resistance of the immune enterocytes to Shigella is manifested in a decreased number of bacteria able to penetrate the cytoplasm, the absence of lysis of heterophagosome membrane surrounding the organisms, and the lack of fusion of the heterophagosomes with primary and secondary lysosomes. The bacteria are even destroyed in the immune enterocyte phagolysosomes. At the same time after the challenge of the rabbit gut loops with 10(9) Shigella some bacteria overcome the immunity, lyse the heterophagosome membranes and multiply directly in the enterocyte cytoplasm, as occurs in nonimmune control rabbits. As a result, ulcerative inflammation develops as in the controls, sometimes even accompanied by hypersensitivity reaction. Fluid accumulation in rabbit gut loops challenged seems to be associated with the effect of Shigella enterotoxin(s), both cytotoxic and cytotonic, as suggested by the peculiar manifestations of enterocyte hypersecretion and damage. PMID- 7011274 TI - [Differential diagnosis of glycogenoses]. AB - Different types of hepatic, muscular, and generalized forms of glycogen stogare disease, a hereditary disease caused by glycogen metabolism disorders, are analysed. The clinical and biochemical features of these diseases are described. The data on enzyme defects and methods for their detection in different types of glycogenoses as well as on the prevalence of the disease in different countries are presented. PMID- 7011275 TI - [Early changes in the kidney microcirculatory bed in the generalized Sanarelli Shwartzman reaction]. AB - Investigations of early changes of renal microcirculation in generalized Sanarelli-Schwartzmann's reaction revealed markedly manifest alterations in endotheliocytes, podocytes, basal membrane of the glomeruli accompanied by disorders in the permeability of their capillaries and disseminated microthrombosis. PMID- 7011276 TI - [Histological, electron microscopic and biochemical study of the rat liver in experimental cardiomyopathy]. AB - Morphological, electron microscopic, and biochemical studies of the livers of rats with experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathy were carried out. Morphological alterations of the liver included changes in hepatocytes, significant deposition of glycogen in liver cells, fatty dystrophy, signs of necrobiosis and necrosis in some parts of the liver. Electron microscopic studies of intracellular localization of glycogen revealed its accumulation in the cytoplasm, glycogen granules being represented mostly by alpha-particles. Lysosomes filled with glycogen were also demonstrated. These data are in good accord with the results of biochemical studies. The experimental results suggest possible causes of increased content of glycogen in the cytoplasm and lysosomes of liver cells in animals with experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathy, as compared with normal animals. The relationship between disorders in glycogen and lipid metabolism in this disease is discussed. PMID- 7011277 TI - [Immunologic and hemodynamic evaluation in heterotopic heart transplants in dogs]. PMID- 7011278 TI - [Cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7011280 TI - Case-control studies of motor neuron disease: association with mechanical injuries. AB - Two case-control studies of motor neuron disease that involved 712 cases and 158 cases, respectively, showed that (1) mechanical injuries were two to three times more frequent in both sexes, heralding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar paralysis, and progressive muscular atrophy; (2) the head, neck, spine, and the extremities were more often traumatized; (3) traumatized parts were not correlated with the initial manifestation of the disease; and (4) more males were traumatized, but males still predominated among uninjured cases. These results suggested that mechanical injuries were not the cause, but probably one of the risk factors of the disease. No association was observed with smoking, drinking, residence, home space, drinking water, animals, experience as a war prisoner, stay on Guam, parental consanguinity, measles, polio, mumps, tuberculosis, rheumatism, prothesis of the total teeth, shell splinters retained in the body, occupational exposures to radiations, chemicals, or gases, atomic bombings, electric injuries, surgical operations, and occupations. PMID- 7011279 TI - [Cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer]. AB - Fourteen gastric ulcer patients were submitted to treatment with Cimetidine. They were endoscopically controlled before the beginning of treatment and at the third and sixth week. In the first phase of the investigation, cimetidine was given in a dosage of 1.0 g/day. At the end of the 3rd week, those patients who showed a reduction of less than 50% on the size of the ulcer had the cimetidine doses increased to 1.6 g/day. The second phase started with nine patients which healed at the end of the six weeks. These patients were randomly allocated to two groups in a double blind trial involving cimetidine (600 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, the patients were submitted to an endoscopic control. Two patients in the placebo group had a recurrence of their ulcers. This did not happen to any of the patients taking cimetidine. Two and a half months after stopping their maintenance treatment, two patients of the cimetidine group had a recurrence of their lesions. PMID- 7011281 TI - Cerebellar degeneration with Hodgkin's disease: computed tomographic correlation and literature review. AB - A 62-year-old man with progressive cerebellar degeneration, corticospinal tract dysfunction, and mild dementia was found to have Hodgkin's disease. Serial computed tomographic studies revealed progressive cerebellar atrophy. The clinical features and neuroradiologic studies in nine previous cases are reviewed. A thorough search for lymphadenopathy should be made in patients with unexplained cerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7011282 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Visual results. AB - Thirty-six patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy had penetrating keratoplasties with one immediate graft failure and two subsequent rejections. Fifty-four percent of the patients saw 20/40 or better, and 79% saw 20/80 or better. These results are much better than reported for aphakic bullous keratopathy. Endothelial counts in the other eyes showed that 17% of these patients have unexpectedly very low cell counts, which were not appreciated on slitlamp examination and were probably a contributing factor to their corneal decompensation. PMID- 7011283 TI - Keratoplasty suturing hard contact lens. AB - A suturing hard contact lens used intraoperatively for penetrating keratoplasty helps stabilize the donor tissue and maintains a controlled anterior chamber. It offers improved tissue control during suturing of the graft. This minimizes manipulation of the donor tissue and protects the endothelium from contact with intraocular structures. PMID- 7011284 TI - Steroid-responsive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and immune complexes. AB - We have recognized in recent years that some cases with idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss which showed acute progression in either ear responded to steroid and that the improved hearing level could be maintained by longterm administration of steroid only. Forty cases of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were selected for study. In most of these cases hearing deterioration of either ear was confirmed by audiometry. Eight of fifteen cases with marked improvement have been proved to respond to steroid treatment. These eight cases include three cases with syphilitic deafness and one case with aortitis syndrome. In four other cases the causes are still unknown, but could be due to autoimmune mechanisms. In four of 25 cases the immune complexes (IC) value was higher than normal and three among them responded to steroid. Since a high IC value has been reported in lupus nephritis, immunologic examinations are necessary for patients over 30 years of age with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7011285 TI - Cytoskeletal and muscle-like elements in cochlear hair cells. AB - Monospecific antibodies to actin and to tubulin were used as immunofluorescent probes to evaluate the distribution of microtubules and actin filaments in the organ of Corti in mouse and guinea pig. The results indicate that in cochlear receptor cells actin and actin filaments as well as tubulin and microtubules are integral cytoskeletal elements. The presence of actin suggests a possible contractile mechanism within the sensory cilia whereas tubulin is thought to play an important role in the stability of sensory cells. Both proteins are discussed to form structural elements required for the mechano-chemical coupling in hearing. PMID- 7011286 TI - [Transference of the insertion direction of partial removable and construction of the metal frame]. PMID- 7011287 TI - [General properties of complete dentures. Part II]. PMID- 7011288 TI - [Analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of Diflunisal in dental surgery. Comparative clinical study in combination with Trypsin/chymotrypsin/P-amino phenol]. PMID- 7011289 TI - Binaural interaction of impaired listeners. A review of past research. AB - This paper reviews past studies of binaural interaction in impaired listeners. The topics covered include localization and lateralization; equal loudness, centering and lateralization adaptation; detection of signals in noise; and discrimination of interaural time delay and interaural amplitude ratio. Comments concerning experimental design and procedures, as well as interpretation of results, are often included with descriptions of the studies. PMID- 7011291 TI - 100 unit insulin. PMID- 7011290 TI - A comparative study of amoxapine and amitriptyline for depressive illness. PMID- 7011292 TI - Changing to U100 insulins. AB - The change of insulin strength to 100 units/mL is underway, and patients should be changed now. Make sure the syringe is changed at the same time. Only in those patients having a dose greater than 100 units will the syringe (ordinary medical 2.0 mL syringe) be the same, but the volume is different. Further information and help may be obtained from the insulin manufacturers, hospital diabetic clinics, State offices of the Diabetes Federation of Australia, or the Hot Line Service. PMID- 7011294 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7011293 TI - Single day or single dose treatment of urinary tract infection with Co trimoxazole. AB - Forty-eight women with urinary tract infection due to Co-trimoxazole sensitive organisms were randomly allocated to receive either two tablets (0.96 grams) of Co-trimoxazole twice a day for one day, four tablets (1.92 grams) of Co trimoxazole as a single dose, or, two tablets of Co-trimoxazole twice a day for seven days. The infection cure rate was comparable in each group being 82%, 87% and 81% respectively. The patients who received the single dose had a high incidence of minor side effects. Accordingly one-day treatment appears to be the treatment mode of choice. Failure to respond to single dose or single day treatment may indicate those patients requiring investigation of their urinary tract. PMID- 7011295 TI - Effect of natural and synthetic prostaglandins on gastric function and peptic ulcer healing. PMID- 7011297 TI - Stress and distress--a problem for us all: alternative forms of treatment. PMID- 7011296 TI - Irene's diary of nursing in World War I. PMID- 7011298 TI - Community mental health as a myth. PMID- 7011299 TI - Scopolamine alone or combined with ephedrine in seasickness: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AB - In seasickness, the central cholinergic-noradrenergic balance is disturbed. Capsules of identical appearance--containing scopolamine hydrobromide 0.3 mg, scopolamine hydrobromide 0.3 mg + ephedrine hydrochloride 25 mg, or placebo--were given prophylactically three times daily to 30 naval cadets during a crossing. In this randomized, double-blind trial the superiority of scopolamine and scopolamine + ephedrine over placebo was confirmed. Ephedrine did not clearly increase the effectiveness of scopolamine. One subject in the scopolamine group and one in the placebo group interrupted the treatment. The symptoms of seasickness as well as the number of side-effects of the drugs decreased on the third day of the study. Scopolamine alone or in combination with ephedrine proved useful in the prevention of seasickness in young healthy male volunteers. PMID- 7011300 TI - Quantification of hyperbaric oxygen-induced toxicity utilizing a malarial system. AB - This study was undertaken in recognition of the need to develop quantitative systems to evaluate the toxicity associated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure. Malaria-infected (P. berghei berghei) mice were briefly exposed to 100% oxygen at 3 ATA on day 10 of infection. At 25, 48, and 72 h thereafter, the levels of circulating erythrcytes and percent parasitized RBC were monitored and compared to those of infected non-exposed controls. The total erythrocyte counts of the infected HBO-exposed and non-exposed mice did not differ significantly. In contrast, percent parasitized cells in the oxygen-exposed mice were lowered to 55 60% control values at 24, 48, and 72 h. The mechanism of this difference needs further study, but we believe that P. berghei-infected erythrocytes are preferentially hemolyzed as a consequence of HBO exposure. this mode system is useful in the study of HBO-induced toxicity because of its high degree of selectivity and sensitivity and its amenability to strict quantification over a period of at least several days. PMID- 7011301 TI - In vivo bone strain measurements: clinical results, animal experiments, and a proposal for a study of bone demineralization in weightlessness. AB - An extensive review of the literature of the aetiology of bone demineralization in weightlessness underline the prevalent effect of mechanical stimulations on bone structure and metabolism. The accurate determination of the mechanical environment of bone can be realized using strain gauges. The results of more than 10 years of clinical application of bone strain measurements demonstrate the interest of this technic. We designed an implantable bone strain transducer composed of a strain gauge embedded in epoxy resin and surrounded by a porous shell. The fixation of the transducer is by bone ingrowth. Results on animals and an acute experimentation on man are presented. The objective of our study in space is to compare the mechanical response of bones of an animal or of a human submitted to normal 1-G gravity and to weightlessness. The average amount of bone strains and their variations during specific movements can be compared. PMID- 7011302 TI - Sibling resemblance in mental ability: a review. AB - Empirical evidence on sibling resemblance in intelligence published since 1915 in the United States and Europe, including more than 27,000 sibling pairs, is reviewed. The results of these investigations are presented in tables showing the date, investigator, test, sample size, and correlations found for each specific study. Collectively, the results are highly consistent with the polygenic hypothesis and the conclusion that genetic factors are the major source of individual differences in intelligence. The most likely estimate of the sibling correlation for IQ in the population is +0.49. PMID- 7011303 TI - Relationship between repair processes and mutation induction in bacteria. AB - A summary is given of the main repair and replication-associated processes that can influence the induction of mutations by various mutagens in bacteria. These include both constitutive and induced, error-free and error-prone systems. The mutation yield from a treatment with a mutagen can be markedly affected by which of these systems is operating in a given bacterial species or strain. The effect of these systems on mutation induction by ultraviolet light, monofunctional alkylating agents, base analogues, and frameshift mutagens is discussed in some detail. The bearing of these studies on the practical problems of estimating hazards is briefly considered. PMID- 7011305 TI - Genetic analysis of error-prone repair systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7011304 TI - Molecular mechanism of pyrimidine dimer excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Studies with intact cells and cell-free systems. PMID- 7011306 TI - DNA repair and mutagen interaction in Saccharomyces: theoretical considerations. PMID- 7011308 TI - Chromosome aberration formation and sister chromatid exchange in relation to DNA repair in human cells. AB - Apparent association between the ability to induce chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges and mutagenic-carcinogenic potential found in a variety of physical and chemical agents has led us to speculate that these cytogenetic changes might be reflection of DNA damage and repair and might provide induces of mutagenic changes. However, the mechanisms of their formation and their relation to DNA repair as well as the mechanism of their linking to mutation are by no means well understood. Studies in some human genetic mutant cells defective in their ability to repair DNA damage indicate, as a testable proposition, that sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations are cytological manifestations of replication-mediated dual-step repair pathways that are in operation to tolerate DNA damage when damage-bearing DNA enters and passes through semiconservative replication. The observations are also in line with idea that the majority of sister chromatid exchanges can arise when damage DNA attempts replication possibly by a process relating with the replicative bypass repair mechanisms such as those proposed by Fujiwara and Tatsumi [34] and Higgins et al. [54], while chromosome aberration formation and some fraction of sister chromatid exchanges are related with the post-replication repair processes which attempt to rescue damaged template post-replicationally by de novo synthesis or recombination type repair systems. The former sister chromatid exchange-relating process seems to link mutation to less extent, if any, than the latter process, which is caffeine sensitive and likely to be error-prone. PMID- 7011307 TI - Relationship of DNA lesions and their repair to chromosomal aberration production. AB - Though the roles of some specific DNA lesions in the production of chromosomal aberrations is clearly established, those of others remain unclear. While the study of aberration production in human genetic DNA repair deficiency diseases has been extremely rewarding already, eukaryotic repair systems are obviously complex, and one is tempted to feel that such studies may have raised as many questions as they have provided answers. For example, the "standard" sort of xeroderma pigmentosum is chromosomally sensitive to ultraviolet light and to those chemical agents inducing ultraviolet-type DNA repair. But both it and the variant form have been reported to also be sensitive to the crosslinking agent mitomycin C in one study [18], implying a common step or steps in the repair of pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers and DNA crosslinks. However, just to complicate matters, another study of chromosomal aberration production in xeroderma pigmentosum cells had found them no more sensitive to mitomycin C than normal cells [50]. Similarly, Fanconi's anemia cells, which are chromosomally sensitive to crosslinking agents, and appear to be defective in the "unhooking" of linked polynucleotide strands [15, 16, 49, 51], are reported to be chromosomally sensitive to ethyl methanesulfonate as well [29], and to be sensitive to ionizing radiation [7, 19, ]0], again implying overlapping repair systems. It seems certain that further study of chromosomal aberration production in repair deficient cells by agents inducing various DNA lesions will reveal even greater complexity in eukaryotic DNA repair systems and their role in chromosomal aberration production. Nevertheless, there seems hope, at least, that such studies may also ultimately lead to a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. PMID- 7011309 TI - Radiation- and drug-induced DNA repair in mammalian oocytes and embryos. AB - A review of studies showing ultraviolet- or drug-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian oocytes and embryos suggests that the female gamete has an excision repair capacity from the earliest stages of oocyte growth. The oocyte's demonstrable excision repair capacity decreases at the time of meiotic maturation for unknown reasons, but the fully mature oocyte maintains a repair capacity, in contrast to the mature sperm, and contributes this to the zygote. Early embryo cells maintain relatively constant levels of excision repair until late fetal stages, when they lose their capacity for excision repair. These apparent changes in excision repair capacity do not have a simple relationship to known differences in radiation sensitivity of germ cells and embryos. PMID- 7011310 TI - Chromosome-breakage syndromes: different genes, different treatments, different cancers. AB - Comparison of the strikingly different distributions of types of cancer that occur in the genetic disorders that feature chromosome instability raises several interesting points. (a) Bloom's syndrome: the distribution suggests that many of the cancers that occur with regularity in the general population just occur more commonly and at an earlier age. (b) Ataxia telangiectasia: cancers of many types are increased in frequency, but lymphoreticular cancers are exceptionally common, the case also in several other genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. Both Bloom's syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia share defective immunity as a major clinical feature, but the respective roles, if any, of it and of chromosome instability in producing the cancer predispositions are unknown. (c) Fanconi's anemia: cancer apparently has become common only recently. The types and distribution which occur are unusual. Fanconi's anemia cells have been shown to be hypertransformable by oncogenic virus and to be defective in handling certain types of DNA damage (as well as to manifest chromosome instability) so that the recent increase in cancer incidence is both surprising and unexplained. The degree of cancer proneness of Fanconi's anemia per se, untreated by modern methods, must at present be considered unknown. (d) Xeroderma pigmentosum: the cancer predisposition apparently extends only to cells which receive solar damage, i.e., to skin and eye. This would not have been predicted in view of the fact that the cellular mechanism is defective for repairing DNA damage produced not just by sunlight but also by certain classes of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7011311 TI - Dna repair pathways. AB - Our knowledge about DNA repair mechanisms in mammalian cells is reviewed. Ways of measuring excision repair are summarized, and various modes of excision repair are described in terms of mechanisms that yield patch sizes of 0, 1, and few (short patch), and many (long patch) bases. The biological and molecular ways of measuring the effects of replication on a damaged template are presented, as are various models of postreplication repair. PMID- 7011312 TI - Genetic and physiological factors affecting repair and mutagenesis in yeast. AB - Current views of DNA repair and mutagenesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are discussed in the light of recent data and with emphasis on the isolation and characterization of genetically well-defined mutations that affect DNA metabolism in general (including replication and recombination). Various "pathways" of repair are described, particularly in relation to their involvement in mutagenic mechanisms. In addition to genetic control, certain physiological factors such as "cell age," DNA replication, and the regulatory state of the mating-type locus are shown to also play a role in repair and mutagenesis. PMID- 7011313 TI - [Bovine trypanasomiasis in Upper Volta: epizootiological studies and the trypanotolerance problem. II. The immunoenzyme test and indirect immunofluorescence in detecting Trypanosoma antibodies in trypanotolerant and trypanosensitive cattle]. PMID- 7011314 TI - [Problems in the evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, due to background staining]. PMID- 7011315 TI - [Agglutinins in blood and milk of cows with acute coli mastitis]. PMID- 7011316 TI - Analysis of progress curves. Rate law of pyruvate kinase type I from Escherichia coli. AB - Progress curves of the reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase from Escherichia coli K12, designed to cover the four-dimensional concentration space of phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP, Mg2+ and ATP in the regulatory region, were recorded with the pH-stat method (pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C). Additional initial-rate measurement were performed to assess specific points. Two methods for the evaluation of progress curves were used: fitting the rate law to the rates obtained from the tangents of the progress curves and fitting the integrated rate law directly to the curves. Two models, both extensions of the concerted model given by Monod, Wyman & Changeux [(1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88--118] with four protomers, could be fitted to the data within the experimental error. Model discrimination in favour of one of these models was possible by proper experimental design. In the selected model one conformational state of the enzyme forms the active complex. The active site of a second conformational state forms abortive complexes with Mg2+, causing strong inhibition at high Mg2+ concentrations. In the absence of ligands, most of the enzyme is in a third state that binds ATP at an allosteric site. PMID- 7011317 TI - The extraction of a neutral metalloproteinase from the involuting rat uterus, and its action on cartilage proteoglycan. AB - 1. Homogenates of rat uteri removed 1 and 2 days post partum were centrifuged at 6000 g. Both pellets and supernatants degraded Azocoll, a general proteinase substrate, at pH 7.5. More than 80% of the total activity was in the pellet fraction. 2. Part of the pellet activity was in a latent form. Trypsin and 4 aminophenylmercuric acetate (a thiol-blocking agent) both activated this latent form, indicating that it is an enzyme--inhibitor complex. An endogenous serine proteinase activated part of the latent enzyme during the assay. 3. The enzyme activity was low before parturition and after involution; it was highest during the first 2 days post partum, when the largest losses of uterine wet weight and matrix macromolecules occur. 4. Up to 70% of the enzyme in the pellets was extracted by heating at 60 degrees C for 4 min in 0.1 M-CaCl2/0.05 M-Tris/HCl, pH 7.5. Approx. 30% of the extracted enzyme was still latent. 5. The extracted enzyme was a metalloproteinase, since it was inhibited completely by 1,10 phenanthroline, but not by inhibitors of thiol or serine proteinases. 6. The enzyme was further purified 15--30-fold by gel chromatography and precipitation with (NH4)2SO4. The apparent molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 24000 for the latent form and 12000 for the active form. The pH optimum was 7- 7.5. 7. The enzyme also degraded cartilage proteoglycan. This activity was studied by viscometry and the products were analysed by analytical ultracentrifugation. The major product had a mol.wt. of approx. 100000. The sites of cleavage were in the protein core, since no free oligosaccharides were detected. 8. This neutral metalloproteinase is distinct from uterine collagenase and from a uterine metal-dependent endopeptidase that hydrolyses a heptapeptide related to collagen. PMID- 7011318 TI - Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane. Aspartate aminopeptidase: purification by immunoadsorbent chromatography and properties of the detergent- and proteinase-solubilized forms. AB - Aminopeptidase A (aspartate aminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.7) was purified 2000-fold from pig kidney cortex. The essential step in the purification was chromatography on an immunoadsorbent column prepared from a rabbit antiserum raised against pig intestinal aminopeptidase A. Glutamyl and aspartyl substrate were attacked most rapidly and their hydrolyses were stimulated by Ca2+. The 2-naphthylamide derivatives of neutral and basic amino acids were also hydrolysed by aminopeptidase A, but at rates about two orders of magnitude lower, and Ca2+ was inhibitory. The possibility that these atypical substrates were hydrolysed by traces of aminopeptidase M (EC 3.4.11.2) contaminating the preparation could be excluded on several grounds. Aminopeptidase A was sensitive to inhibition by chelating agents and the inactive enzyme could be reactivated by Ca2+ or Mn2+. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed 1 g-atom of Ca/143000 g of protein. Two forms of the enzyme were purified: an amphipathic form solubilized from the membrane by Triton X-100 (detergent form) and a hydrophilic form released by incubation with trypsin (proteinase form). The detergent form exhibited charge shift in crossed immunoelectrophoresis when anionic or cationic detergents were present. On gel filtration, mol.wts. of 350000--400000 and 270000 were calculated for the detergent and proteinase forms. Electron microscopy after negative staining of the proteinase form revealed a dimeric structure. Electrophoresis of either form in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate revealed four polypeptides with mobilities corresponding to apparent mol.wts. of 155000, 110000, 90000 and 45000. All four bands stained positively for carbohydrate. Pig serum possesses weak aminopeptidase A activity; immunological experiments showed it to be a similar protein. PMID- 7011319 TI - A highly potent antiovulatory LH-RH analogue with no 1-position side chain. PMID- 7011320 TI - New human liver alcohol dehydrogenase forms with unique kinetic characteristics. PMID- 7011321 TI - Cell-free synthesis of angler fish preproinsulin: complete amino acid sequence of the signal peptide. PMID- 7011322 TI - Glucose induces membrane changes detected by fluorescence polarization in endocrine pancreatic cells. PMID- 7011323 TI - On the inhibition of yeast RNA polymerases A and B by tRNA and alpha-amanitin. PMID- 7011324 TI - Functional studies on receptor complexes of B-lymphocytes involved in regulation of growth and maturation. PMID- 7011325 TI - Present concepts on the mechanisms of platelet aggregation. PMID- 7011326 TI - Septic arthritis caused by Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7011327 TI - Clinical significance of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies detected by a solid phase enzyme immunoassay. AB - A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detected anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies in 88% of sera from patients classified clinically as having active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without renal symptoms and 93% with renal disease. Fifty-six percent of sera from patients with inactive SLE were EIA positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies. The EIA had a sensitivity and specificity comparable to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and hemagglutination for patients with active SLE with or without renal disease, but it detected anti-dsDNA antibodies more frequently in patients with inactive SLE than the latter procedures. Precipitating antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) were less common in patients with renal disease (23% incidence) than clinically active patients without renal disease (79% incidence). Twenty-four SLE sera with elevated levels of C1q binding showed a 96% concordance for a positive EIA for anti-dsDNA antibodies in contrast to 66% concordance by RIA or hemagglutination. These findings suggest that the EIA is a sensitive and specific method for detection and measurement of anti-dsDNA antibodies. Several clinical applications of the EIA are discussed. PMID- 7011328 TI - Testing propafenone hydrochloride in the Ames Salmonella microsome system and in mammalian cytogenetic systems (bone marrow, spermatogonia). AB - 2'-(2-Hydroxy-3-propylaminopropoxy)-3-phenyl-propiophenone-hydrochloride (propafenone-HCl, Rytmonorm) was tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella microsome system (Ames test) and in mammalian cell systems. Neither in the Ames test (62.5-1000 microgram/plate) nor in the bone marrow cells and spermatogonia of Chinese hamster (injected doses: 1.57, 3.13, 6.27 mg/kg) there is any evidence for an enhancement of mutation frequencies or chromosome aberration rates. Also, the micronucleus rates were in the control range. Under the experimental conditions of this investigations propafenone-HCl was not mutagenic. PMID- 7011329 TI - Antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor activity of the hydrazide and the ethyl ester of 2,2'-anhydro-1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-orotic acid. AB - It has been demonstrated that the hydrazide and the ethyl ester of 2,2'-anhydro-1 (beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) orotic acid inhibit selectively the multiplication of some DNA-containing viruses (PsRV, VV, AdV5), suppress the growth of E. coli and St. aureus in vitro and exhibit an antitumor effect with Lewis lung carcinoma and sarcoma 298. PMID- 7011330 TI - Multivariate analysis of the activity of rifamycins against rapidly growing Mycobacteria, to define an in vitro screening model for their activity against mycobacterium leprae. AB - In an attempt to select a group of rapidly growing Mycobacteria which could serve as a model for the in vitro screening of rifamycin derivatives for their activity against Mycobacterium leprae, the MIC values of 237 strains of rapidly growing Mycobacteria were determined for 4 reference rifamycins with known activity against M. leprae and 19 rifamycins with unknown activity against M. leprae. Study of the results by a multivariate statistical technique, the principal components analysis, defined a group of 16 rapidly growing Mycobacteria (7 strains of M. phlei, 4 strains of M. thermoresistible, 3 strains of M. fortuitum and 2 strains of M. vaccae) showing the lowest distance to M. leprae. The analysis detected among rifamycin derivatives with different activities M. tuberculosis, compounds which should be active against M. leprae, and allows the selection of a limited number of rifamycins for the in vivo screening in the mouse model. PMID- 7011331 TI - Preventive treatment of serotonin-migraine with 1,3,4,14b-tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl 2H-dibenzo(b,f)pyrazino-(1,2--d)-(1,4)-oxazepine hydrogen maleate (Org GC 94). A double-blind study. AB - 1,3,4,14b-Tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl-2H-dibenzo(b,f)pyrazino-(1,2-d)-(1,4)-oxazepine hydrogen maleate (Org GC 94) is an oral "antamine" preparation with anti serotoninergic and anti-histaminic effects. Its lack of unpleasant side-effects permits protracted use for the preventive treatment of serotonin-migraine. Its chemical structure--tetracyclic ring, C-beta, C-alpha, amine in a secondary position--allows block of the receptors for serotonin and histamine. Preventive treatment with 3 x 5 mg/day of Org GC 94 for a period of 3 months can almost completely eliminate migraine attacks. 21 out of 30 patients (70%) profited from such a treatment, showing a drop from 5--30 attacks to 0--1 attack per month and normalization of high urinary serotonin, 5-HIAA or histamine levels. However, 30 patients receiving 3 x 0.5 mg or placebo daily reacted only rarely. The typical side-effects of anti-serotonin drugs, especially sedation or dizziness and hyperorexia were hardly observed. Randomization of the serotonin-migraine cases and double-blind methodology were applied throughout the trial. PMID- 7011332 TI - Prostaglandins and endothelial stability. AB - A series of prostaglandin derivatives has been investigated in the model of circulating endothelial cells in rats with or without provocation by citrate. Both PGI2 and PGF2 alpha have been effective in fractions of pg/kg, the former showing a protective and the latter a destabilizing activity. Most derivatives have a very complicated dose-effect curve over a wide range of doses, caused possibly by various metabolites exceeding activity thresholds with growing doses. PMID- 7011333 TI - Problem-oriented record in a university speech and hearing clinic. PMID- 7011334 TI - Public school speech-language certification standards: are they standard? PMID- 7011335 TI - Training of supervisors in speech-language pathology and audiology. PMID- 7011336 TI - Health planning agencies and speech-language pathology. PMID- 7011337 TI - Cleft palate revisited ... PMID- 7011338 TI - [Effect of perfusion solutions on lipid and glucose metabolism during heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7011339 TI - Hairy cell leukemia. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7011340 TI - Duration of action of an antacid in two groups of patients. PMID- 7011341 TI - [Rat uterus anastomoses in a single and a double layer]. AB - The Authors display their results on microsurgical operations in rat's uteri. After having described the instruments and methods used, the surgical techniques and the differences between a single and a double layer suture are discussed. However the formation of intraoperative adherences, which can damage the functional results of the intervention, is studied. And what's more the mean number of live born foetuses is seen as an attainable parameter for future validations. PMID- 7011342 TI - [Immediate and long term post-operative controls of rat uterus anastomoses]. AB - The Authors examine the immediate control (passage of methylene blue) and the long term control (hysterography, and biopsies at later stages after the interventions) in the microsurgical anastomoses of a rat uterus. The technique of each single investigation is shown and the results are discussed. Particular attention is given to the histological data which ratifies not only anatomical but also physiological outcomes. The differences among the anastomoses carried out in a single and a double layer are verified. PMID- 7011343 TI - Comparison of arginine and insulin stimuli on pituitary GH secretion. AB - Ninety subjects, of both sexes, affected by growth failure, were tested comparatively with insulin and arginine stimuli. This latter, if performed at a dose of 0.8 g/kg, results to be the most efficient test, regardless of sex. PMID- 7011345 TI - The treatment of carious dentine. PMID- 7011344 TI - Considerations on the origin and ultrastructural aspects of type II pneumocytes under normal conditions and endotoxic shock experimentally induced in dogs. AB - On the basis of the morphological aspects found during a series of experimental investigations on the ultrastructural aspects of the lung under shock in the dog, the authors deny that type II pneumocytes belong to the group of alveolar macrophages and maintain that they are of an epithelial nature. This is confirmed by the presence of desmosomal junctions with the type I pneumocytes. In the "shock lung" induced by Escherichia Coli endotoxin, the type II pneumocytes appear to be severely damaged with particular involvement of the osmiophilic inclusions, sites of synthesis and/or heaping up of the principal phospholipidic constituents of the surfactant system. PMID- 7011346 TI - The versatility of the copy denture technique. PMID- 7011347 TI - Hepatitis associated with captopril treatment. PMID- 7011348 TI - Changes in blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity during and after treatment with tiamenidine and clonidine. AB - 1 Tiamenidine (Hoe 440) is an imidazoline with blood pressure lowering properties. Its pharmacology resembles that of clonidine. 2 The effect of both drugs on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline (NA), plasma adrenaline (Ad), urinary catecholamines and plasma renin activity (PRA) was assessed in four previously untreated male hypertensive patients in a cross over study. 3 The maximum daily dose of tiamenidine was 3 mg. The maximum daily dose of clonidine was 450 micrograms. 4 During treatment, blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, supine and erect, fell on average between 12 and 15%. Levels of NA, Ad, PRA were reduced during treatment. 5 During withdrawal of either drug there was rebound of blood pressure and NA, Ad, PRA, overshooting baseline levels. 6 The withdrawal effects caused by clonidine were similar for tiamenidine. PMID- 7011350 TI - The effect of betahistine methanesulphonate upon cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7011351 TI - Quinidine determination in serum: enzyme immunoassay (EIA) V HPLC. PMID- 7011349 TI - The metabolic actions of intravenous salbutamol and aminophylline singly and in combination. AB - 1 The following four treatments were administered by constant intravenous infusion of four healthy volunteers in a balanced randomized study: 1) saline (30 min), salbutamol (0.15 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 30 min) (sS), 2) saline, aminophylline (0.2 mg kg-1 min-1 for 30 min) (sA), 3) salbutamol, salbutamol (SS) and 4) aminophylline, salbutamol (AS). 2 Heart rate was recorded and venous blood taken for estimation of insulin, glucose, potassium and theophylline before and during the infusions (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). 3 The mean, peak heart rate increases from control, baseline values were 23.0 (sS), 3.5 (sA), 28.5 (SS) and 28.0 (AS) beats/min, the mean, peak insulin increases, 34.0 (sS), 0.5 (sA), 39.0 (SS) and 57.5 (AS) microU ml-1, the mean, peak glucose increases, 1.4 (sS), 0.1 (sA), 2.6 (SS) and 2.0 (AS) mmol 1(-1) and the mean, peak potassium changes, 0.45 (sS), 0.58 (sA), -0.78 (SS) and -0.68 (AS) mmol 1(-1). 4 The mean, peak serum theophylline levels were 48.1 mumol 1(-1) at 60 min in sA and 52.6 mumol 1( 1) at 50 min in AS (39.1 mumol 1(-1) at 30 min). 5 Salbutamol stimulated significant insulin release and produced hypokalaemia and glycogenolysis, whereas aminophylline induced no metabolic effect. 6 A comparison of sS and AS indicated a trend for aminophylline to potentiate the metabolic effects of salbutamol. PMID- 7011352 TI - Smoking behaviour: a psychology of the cigarette habit. PMID- 7011353 TI - Amoxycillin versus ampicillin in treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - To compare the efficacy and unwanted effects of amoxycillin and ampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, 199 patients were recruited from 28 centres into a double-blind between-patient comparison of four regimens: ampicillin 250 mg or 500 mg, amoxycillin 250 mg or 500 mg, each given orally three times daily for seven days. In these doses, amoxycillin and ampicillin were equally effective and there was no apparent advantage in using the higher dose of either drug in preference to the lower dose. Unwanted effects were few. Only in five patients did diarrhoea lead to withdrawal of therapy and there was no significant difference between the two drugs in this respect. Rashes occurred in four patients, all on ampicillin. PMID- 7011354 TI - Aminophylline, salbutamol and combined intravenous infusions in acute severe asthma. AB - Twenty-one patients admitted to hospital with acute severe asthma were allocated in a random, single-blind manner to receive intravenous infusions for 24 hours or either aminophylline or salbutamol or a combination of the two drugs. Infusions were administered by a slow infusion pump with an initial loading dose given over 15 minutes, followed by a continuous lower dose of the drug 24 hours as follows: 1. Aminophylline 0.285 mg/kg/min for 15 min followed by 0.014 mg/kg/min (20 mg/min. followed by 1 mg/min for a 70 kg subject). 2. Salbutamol 0.285 microgram/kg/min for 15 min followed by 0.057 microgram/kg/min (20 microgram/min followed by 4 microgram/min for a 70 kg subject). 3. Combined regimen of the above infusions. In addition each patient received intravenous hydrocortisone (4 g) and potassium chloride (4 g) in 2 litres of 5% dextrose infused over 24 hours amd 35% oxygen given via a Ventimask. Peak expiratory flow rates showed a significant improvement after 15 minutes treatment with aminophylline and the combined infusion, but this was not seen until 60 minutes with the salbutamol infusion. No synergistic bronchodilator effect was seen with the combined infusion. The results show that intravenous aminophylline is superior to intravenous salbutamol in the doses given in the initial treatment of acute asthma and that the combination when given intravenously is not better than aminophylline alone. PMID- 7011355 TI - Is indoramin useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma? PMID- 7011356 TI - Halogenation and topical corticosteroids: a comparison between the 17-butyrate esters of hydrocortisone and clobetasone in ointment bases. AB - Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% (Eumovate), a halogenated topical steroid, was compared with hydrocortison butyrate 0.1% (Locoid) which does not contain any halogen atoms. In the treatment of eczema there was not difference between the preparations, but in that of psoriasis the halogen-containing steriod was significantly more effective. Under normal circumstances neither preparation had any detectable effect on adrenal function, but with large doses under total-body polythene occlusion, circulating cortisol levels were reduced less by the halogenated than by the non-halogenated preparation. Corticosteroids which contain a halogen atom are often considered to cause more adverse effects than the non-halogenated preparations with similar clinical efficacy. This study shows that this cannot be assumed for their ability to suppress cortisol levels. PMID- 7011358 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of paraproteinaemia. Part II. PMID- 7011357 TI - Factitious urticaria (dermographism): treatment by cimetidine and chlorpheniramine in a randomized double-blind study. AB - The HI-antihistamine chlorpheniramine and the H2-antihistamine cimetidine, given alone and in combination, have been compared with placebo in twenty patients with factitious urticaria (dermographism), in a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Of these regimes, the combination was the only treatment which significantly reduced weal size, flare size and duration of weal, compared with placebo, although other treatments approached statistical significance. Continuation of the most effective of the four treatments in nineteen of the patients for a further 3 months without breaking the randomization code provided further evidence of the great effectivness of combined cimetidine and chlorpheniramine. No significant side effects were note. PMID- 7011359 TI - A clinical evaluation of the effects of an aromatic retinoid (Tigason), combination of retinoid and PUVA, and PUVA alone in severe psoriasis. AB - Eighty ambulatory adult patients with severe psoriasis were included in our 14 week study to compare the clinical effects of treatment with an aromatic retinoid (Tigason), combination treatment with aromatic retinoid plus PUVA (RePUVA), and PUVA alone. RePUVA was given by two different modifications: either 4 weeks of pretreatment with retinoid followed by 6 weeks of PUVA treatment, or 10 weeks of retinoid treatment with concomitant PUVA treatment during the last 6 weeks. The latter modification of RePUVA proved to be significantly more effective than the other treatments (P less than 0.01) as regards complete remission. With respect to the number of patients with good or excellent improvement (75-100% improvement) there was no marked difference between RePUVA and PUVA treatments. Retinoid alone proved to be the least effective, showing, however, a good to excellent result in 65% of patients. Besides the increase in efficacy, another advantage achieved by RePUVA was a highly significant (P less than 0.001) reduction of total UVA doses to about one third as compared to PUVA therapy. PMID- 7011360 TI - Primary lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skin. AB - The clinical, histological, and ultrastructural features of a patient with a primary lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skin are described. Four months after the onset of the disease the patient died with extracutaneous involvement of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs. The rapidly fatal outcome without the development of leukaemia or involvement of the bone marrow and the mediastinum is uncommon. PMID- 7011361 TI - Changing concepts in melanoma management. PMID- 7011362 TI - A trial of the effects of soya-bean flour and soya-bean saponins on plasma lipids, faecal bile acids and neutral sterols in hypercholesterolaemic men. AB - 1. The hypothesis that soya-bean saponins, by binding bile salts in the gastrointestinal lumen, are responsible for some of the plasma-cholesterol lowering effect of soya-bean preparations, was tested. In a double-blind crossover study 50 g soya-bean flour/d, containing either 22 or 4 g saponins/kg (adjusted by ethanol extraction) was incorporated in biscuits as a substitute for biscuits or bread into the diet of ten outpatient hypercholesterolaemic men over two consecutive 4-week study periods. The diet was monitored to ensure constancy, saponin-rich foods excluded, faeces collected for bile acid and neutral sterol analysis, and blood taken for plasma lipoprotein lipid analysis. 2. Neither diet had any effect on cholesterol in any plasma lipoprotein fraction, on fasting plasma triglyceride, or on faecal bile acids and neutral sterols. 3. These results suggested that soya-bean saponins are not responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean products. PMID- 7011363 TI - Isotope-exchange evidence for an ordered mechanism for rat-liver glucokinase, a monomeric cooperative enzyme. AB - The order of addition of substrates and release of products in the reaction catalyzed by rat-liver glucokinase has been studied by measurements of isotope exchange. Experiments at chemical equilibrium showed some degree of randomness, but steady-state experiments showed a predominantly ordered process with glucose binding first and glucose 6-phosphate released last. Experiments to trap binary complexes in the steady state demonstrated the existence of complexes of the enzyme with glucose and with glucose 6-phosphate but gave no evidence for the occurrence of corresponding complexes with ATP or ADP. Flux ratios measured in both the forward and reverse reactions provided a more rigorous and quantitative confirmation of these characteristics of the reaction. These observations support the interpretation of glucokinase cooperativity in terms of a "mnemonical" mechanism and conflict with an alternative interpretation in terms of a random addition of substrates. PMID- 7011364 TI - Irreversible inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase by alpha (fluoromethyl)glutamic acid. AB - alpha-(Fluoromethyl)glutamic acid (FMG) was synthesized and shown to be an active site directed irreversible inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) from Escherichia coli. The KI for the active enantiomer is 1.4 microM, and the kinh = 5.9 X 10(-3) s-1. Substrates for the enzyme, such as L-glutamate, and competitive inhibitors, such as citrate, decrease the rates of FMG-mediated inactivation of the enzyme. A profound change in the ultraviolet spectrum of the enzyme accompanies the inactivation process. When [3H]-FMG is used, it can be shown that the enzyme incorporates radioactivity at the same rate as that of inactivation. There is a 1:1 stoichiometry of [3H]FMG incorporated to pyridoxal phosphate binding subunits of the enzyme. From these and other studies it is concluded that FMG is a substrate for the enzyme and alkylates it as a consequence of this turnover. PMID- 7011365 TI - Proton magnetic resonance study of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. pH titration and assignments of individual tyrosyl resonances. AB - This paper reports the pH titration at 25 degrees C and the assignment of aromatic proton resonances of three tyrosyl residues of each identical subunit of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (Mr 23000) by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. The complete assignments of the specific tyrosyl resonances were made based on the results of the differential chemical modification of the tyrosyl residues with tetranitromethane followed by peptide analysis, independently of the knowledge of the crystal structure. pKa values of Tyr-7, 75, and -93 were determined in a 2H2O solution to be 10.95, 11.8, and greater than or equal to 12.6, respectively, at 25 degrees C, whereas pKa values of nitrated Tyr-7 and -75 were determined to be 7.3 and 7.9, respectively. Tyr-93 was not nitratable under normal conditions. The strong resistance to nitration, together with the extremely high pKa value and the high-field shifted positions of the ring proton resonances of Tyr-93 at neutral pH, strongly suggests that Tyr 93 takes part in a hydrogen bonding as a proton donor. Tyr-7 is more easily modified with tetranitromethane than Tyr-75, although in the crystal Tyr-75 is more exposed than Tyr-7. The result, together with the pKa value of Tyr-75 significantly higher than that of a normal tyrosine, indicates that the microenvironment of Tyr-75 is more restricted in solution than in solid. These results imply that structural details of a protein may be quite similar in solution to those in the crystal in the rigid hydrophobic region of the protein but that in the surface region of the protein local structures may well differ between the solution and the crystal. PMID- 7011367 TI - Correct codon--anticodon base pairing at the 5'-anticodon position blocks covalent cross-linking between transfer ribonucleic acid and 16S RNA at the ribosomal P site. PMID- 7011366 TI - Affinity labeling of Escherichia coli ribosomes with a covalently binding derivative of the antibiotic pleuromutilin. AB - Reaction of an alkylating pleuromutilin derivative with E. coli ribosomes led to the binding of the compound to both proteins and RNA. If ribosomes of the E. coli strain MRE600 were used, mainly S18 and L2 became labeled. Ribosomes from E. coli D10 bound the reagent to S18 and frequently to L27 instead of L2. Possibly at slight difference in the structure of these ribosomes exposes different, although closely neighboring, L proteins to the reagent. The simultaneous labeling of L and S proteins seems to reflect the presence of two binding sites for the antibiotic and indicates that the binding sites are located at the interphase region between large and small ribosomal subunits. Analysis of the RNA showed that the affinity label is mainly attached to the 23S species. These data are in good agreement with the known effects of pleuromutilin derivatives on ribosomal functions. PMID- 7011368 TI - Diffusion-enhanced energy transfer shows accessibility of ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor binding sites. AB - Rifamycin and Cibacron Blue F3GA are powerful inhibitors of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase. In addition, both inhibitors strongly absorb visible light, making them suitable for use as acceptors in energy-transfer experiments. Transfer of energy to these acceptors from freely diffusing energy donors with long excited-state lifetimes (approximately 10(-3) s) depends strongly on whether donor and acceptor can make direct intermolecular contact. We observe that the rate constant for energy transfer from a small terbium chelate to enzyme-bound rifamycin is 1 X 10(7) M-1 s-1, which is about half as large as the rate constant observed for free rifamycin in solution. This relatively small change upon binding indicates that enzyme-bound rifamycin is highly accessible to small molecules in the solvent. In the case of Cibacron Blue, under conditions where approximately 90% of this inhibitor is bound to RNA polymerase, the small amount of unbound inhibitor accounts for practically all of the observed energy transfer. This implies that enzyme-bound Cibacron Blue is relatively inaccessible to energy donors in the solution. The dependence of energy transfer on the accessibility of the acceptor is illustrated by using simple geometric models. synthesis of a stable, electrically neutral terbium chelate which can be efficiently excited with UV radiation is also described. PMID- 7011369 TI - Partial digestion of tRNA--aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes with cobra venom ribonuclease. AB - Transfer RNA molecules have been labeled with 32P at the 5' or 3' end and digested with cobra venom ribonuclease, which preferentially cuts double-stranded regions. The products of yeast tRNAPhe and tRNAVal were analyzed by high resolution gel electrohporesis. In the free state, these tRNAs were cut predominantly in the acceptor and anticodon stems. Minor cuts occurred in the T psi stem in tRNAVal. The topography of zones interacting with their cognate synthetases was studied by determining the tRNA regions shielded by protein. Nearly 100% protection was found in the anticodon and acceptor stem of tRNAVal, while in tRNAPhe only the stem of the anticodon was protected. Noncognate interactions between tRNAPhe and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas were examined. The beef enzyme did not protect tRNAPhe despite the fact that efficient misaminoacylation occurred. The pattern of shielding obtained for each tRNA-synthetase complex was compared with the results of direct ultraviolet cross linking experiments with these complexes. PMID- 7011370 TI - Structural analysis of ribosomal protein L7/L12 by the heterobifunctional cross linker 4-(6-formyl-3-azidophenoxy)butyrimidate. AB - The structure of the dimeric form of the protein L7/L12 from ribosomes from Escherichia coli was studied by using the heterobifunctional cross-linker 4-(6 formyl-3-azidophenoxy)butyrimidate. The imidate group of the cross-linker reacts very specifically with Lys-51 of L7/L12. Subsequent cross-linking of this modified L7/L12 by reductive alkylation of the aldehyde group of the cross-linker results in the formation of a covalent cross-link between both polypeptide chains of the L7/L12 dimer. This covalently cross-linked dimer is fully active in reconstitution of elongation factor G dependent GTP hydrolysis of 50S cores lacking L7/L12, suggesting a conformation of the cross-linked protein similar to the conformation of native L7/L12. Analysis of the tryptic peptides of cross linked L7/L12 shows the points of attachment of the cross-linker to be Lys-51 in one polypeptide chain and Lys-29 in the other. On the basis of a combination of this result with published data, a structure for the N-terminal region of L7/L12 dimers is proposed. The important feature of this model is a shifted parallel alignment of both polypeptide chains resulting in one free N-terminal stretch for each L7/L12 dimer which attaches the protein to the ribosome via protein L10. PMID- 7011371 TI - Identification of the cis-thymine glycol moiety in oxidized deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - 5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol) is formed in DNA by reaction with oxidizing agents and as a result of ionizing and near-ultraviolet radiation. We describe a rapid purification of cis-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine and cis 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine (cis-thymidine glycol) and their use as markers in identifying the thymine glycol moiety in oxidized DNA. Both glycols were prepared by oxidation of [14C]thymine and -thymidine with KMnO4 followed by purification on Sephadex LH-20 (LH-20). [3H]DNA was oxidized with KMnO4 and the thymidine glycol in DNA identified by enzymatic digestion of the DNA followed by cochromatography of the digest with marker [14C]thymidine glycol on LH-20. The cis conformation of the glycol was confirmed by the change in the elution pattern when borate rather than water was used as eluent. Alkaline hydrolysis of a mixture of [14C]thymine glycol and oxidized [3H]DNA followed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and LH-20 chromatographic analysis of the neutralized supernatant yielded a complex pattern of radioactive degradation products with coincidence of one 14C marker- and one [3H]-DNA-derived peak. All applied radioactivity was recovered. This methodology should be useful in determining thymine glycol content of irradiated DNA and in elucidating the mechanism by which these altered residues are removed from cellular DNA by repair enzymes. PMID- 7011372 TI - Urea-induced unfolding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase: evidence for a multistate process. AB - The urea-induced unfolding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase from E. coli was monitored by optical spectroscopy and by urea-gradient gel electrophoresis. Three independent lines of evidence support the conclusion that one or more stable intermediates are present in this process: (i) Satisfactory fits of the equilibrium unfolding transitions obtained from difference spectroscopy at 286 nm and circular dichroism spectroscopy at 222 nm require a model which involves a stable intermediate in addition to the native and unfolded forms. (ii) Kinetic studies of the change in the extinction coefficient at 286 nm show that while the unfolding is well described by a single exponential change the refolding kinetics are complex. The nature of the dependence of the refolding kinetics on the initial concentration of urea supports the conclusion that at least one stable intermediate exists. (iii) The patterns obtained from urea gradient gel electrophoresis experiments on the alpha subunit show that at least one and possibly two stable intermediates are involved; the intermediates have markedly different degrees of compactness. A kinetic model for the folding of the alpha subunit, consistent with all of these results, can be formulated. PMID- 7011374 TI - High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the Lac repressor. 2. Partial analysis of the aliphatic region of the Lac repressor headpiece spectrum. AB - The 360-MHz 1H NMR spectrum of native lac repressor headpiece (HP-51 or HP-59) contains a large number (greater than 30%) of aliphatic side-chain methyl and backbone alpha-CH resonances and three of four aromatic tyrosine multiplet resonances shifted to high-field chemical shift positions, indicating the presence of extensive folded structure. Denaturation leads to loss of the NMR chemical shift differences. Resonance identifications of the 27 methyl-possessing amino acids in HP-59 have been made by using resolution enhancement, double resonance, and difference spectra. There are three firmly assigned methyl resonances and 21 pairwise identifications of methyl resonances in HP-51. Comparison of HP-51 and HP-59 allows identification of four additional methyl groups in amino acid residues 52--59. The sequence HP-50--59 is not essential to maintain the structure of HP-59, but it is of interest itself as the flexible hinge portion connecting HP to the tetrameric core of whole repressor. PMID- 7011375 TI - Simian liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of isoenzymes from Saimiri sciureus. AB - The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of squirrel monkey liver can be purified and separated into pyrazole-insensitive and pyrazole-sensitive isoenzymes by affinity chromatography. This is the first demonstration of two functionally distinct classes of ADH in a species other than man. The inhibition of the two enzyme fractions by 4-methylpyrazole is analogous to that observed for the corresponding isoenzymes of human liver. Similarly, the substrate specificity of the pyrazole insensitive form is more limited and its Km for ethanol (4 mM at pH 7.5) and acetaldehyde (11 mM at pH 7.0) is larger than that of the pyrazole-sensitive isoenzymes. However, their physicochemical and compositional characteristics, i.e., molecular weight, zinc content, and dimeric structure, are all virtually identical with those of other mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases studied thus far. Zinc is essential for the enzymatic function of both molecular forms as demonstrated by inhibition with chelating agents. PMID- 7011373 TI - High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the Lac repressor. 1. Assignments of tyrosine resonances in the N-terminal headpiece. AB - The DNA binding site of the lac repressor protein has been implicated to lie within the N-terminal 51 amino acid fragment termed headpiece (HP-51 or LR-51). High-resolution NMR suggests that isolated HP-51 retains most of the secondary and tertiary structure which it has in the whole repressor. Four of the eight tyrosines of repressor are in HP-51. 1H NMR spectra (360 MHz) over the aromatic region of native HP-51 show that the four tyrosines are nonequivalent with an unusual distribution of chemical shifts. Denaturation leads to loss of these chemical shift differences. Homonuclear decoupling and a two-dimensional autocorrelated spectrum allow unequivocal pairing of resonances from Tyr A at 6.99 and 6.79 ppm, Tyr B at 6.98 and 6.39 ppm, Tyr C at 6.70 and 6.54 ppm, and Tyr D at 6.39 and 6.33 ppm. The 2,6 protons are low field of the 3,5 protons for each Tyr residue. Selective chemical modification with nitration reagents allows assignments of Tyr A to Tyr-47, Tyr B to Tyr-7, Tyr C to Tyr-12, and Tyr D to Tyr 17 in HP-51. All four tyrosines are essential for maintaining the structure of the isolated headpiece, and Tyr-7, -12, and -17 appear to be stacked. PMID- 7011376 TI - Detection of ligand-induced conformational changes in phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10 by laser light scattering. AB - The diffusion constant of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase has been measured by laser light scattering under conditions of complex formation with Mg2+, L phenylalanine, MgATP, tRNAPhe, modified tRNAPhe, tRNAPhe (yeast), and noncognate tRNA. The diffusion constant (pH 7.5, 20 degrees C) of the free enzyme is (2.85 +/- 0.005) x 10(-7) cm2 s-1, of the enzyme . Mg2+ complex (2.40 +/- 0.05) x 10( 7) cm2 s-1 and of the enzyme . Mg2+ . tRNAPhe complex (2.95 +/- 0.06) x 10(-7) cm2 s-1. The effect of tRNAPhe is only seen when the enzyme is saturated with Mg2+. The smaller substrates exhibit no effect besides a small increase of the value of the diffusion constant under conditions where the enzyme phenylalanyladenylate is synthesized. Of the noncognate tRNATyr and tRNAIle, the latter is able to associate with the enzyme, causing the value of the diffusion constant to increase. tRNAPhe (yeast) and tRNAhvPhe (photo-cross-linked tRNAPhe) exhibit similar effects. The observed variation of the diffusion constant is attributed to conformational changes of the enzyme. The opposite effects of Mg2+ and tRNAPhe are interpreted as an expansion and recontraction, respectively, of the enzyme molecule. In several cases, the effects were used to follow a titration of the enzyme with a ligand. Dissociation constants were calculated from the resulting titration curves, yielding values which are in agreement with those obtained by other techniques. It is established by comparison that of the two possible binding sites for each Mg2+ and tRNAPhe the diffusion constant reflects occupation of only a single class of sites. PMID- 7011377 TI - Kinetics and protein subunit interactions of Escherichia coli phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in detergent solution. AB - Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli, an intrinsic membrane protein, catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine. The physical and kinetic properties of the purified enzyme were studied in several detergents under assay conditions. The active form of the enzyme is an oligomer, probably a trimer, and the enzyme activity was unaffected by the concentration of the nonionic poly(oxyethylene) ether detergent present in the assay medium, so long as the detergent micelle/substrate mole ratio was less than one. When this ratio was greater than one, the detergent acted as an inhibitor by competing with enzyme-containing micelles for substrate. The zwitterionic and bile salt detergents that were tested inactivated the enzyme by dissociating the oligomer. The native, Triton X-100 solubilized, enzyme was modified with a cross-linking reagent. Activity of the cross-linked enzyme was retained after the Triton X-100 was replaced by a zwitterionic sulfobetaine detergent and conformed to the same kinetic model as with the poly(oxyethylene) ether detergents. The cross-linked enzyme was also active when solubilized by the bile salt detergents although the activity did not conform to any simple kinetic model. These data indicate that the oligomer is the active form of the enzyme under assay conditions and that certain nondenaturing detergents can inactivate this enzyme by dissociating the enzyme complex. PMID- 7011378 TI - Kinetics of substrate, coenzyme, and inhibitor binding to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. AB - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), folate, dihydrofolate, and the inhibitors trimethoprim and methotrexate bind rapidly and reversibly to both dihydrofolate reductase isoenzymes isolated from Escherichia coli RT500. The coenzyme and substrates appear to bind to only one of the mixture of two forms of the isoenzyme present at equilibrium, while the inhibitors bind to both forms. The proportions of the two forms are different for the two isoenzymes and are pH dependent in each case. The measured association rate constants for substrates and inhibitors lie in the range (1--2) x 10(-7) M-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C but are unlikely to be diffusion controlled. The rate constant for NADPH binding is 2 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. The formation of binary complexes takes place through a multistep mechanism. A minimum of three steps is required to explain the kinetic results. An equilibrium between two or more forms of the enzyme--ligand complex governs the overall dissociation. The stability of this equilibrium is largely responsible for the tighter binding of inhibitors relative to substrate or coenzyme and also for the different binding strengths of inhibitors to the isoenzymes. PMID- 7011379 TI - Biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic chlorothricin. AB - Feeding experiments with 13C-labeled precursors followed by 13C NMR analysis of the antibiotic and its aglycon have established a polyketide mode of biosynthesis for chlorothricin, a metabolite of Streptomyces antibioticus. The acyl moiety is a substituted 6-methylsalicylic acid derived from four acetate units and a methyl group of methionine. The aglycon is comprised of ten acetate and two propionate units, leaving three carbon atoms, C-22, -23, and -24, unaccounted for. The two 2 deoxy-D-rhamnose moieties are derived from glucose with retention of the hydrogens at C-1, C-2, and C-6 and loss of H-3 and H-5. The hydrogen at C-4 of glucose is transferred intramolecularly to C-6 of the hexose, replacing the hydroxyl group at C-6 in an inversion mode, a result which implicates the thymidine 5'-diphosphate-glucose oxidoreductase reaction in this transformation. PMID- 7011380 TI - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli: methylated at three sites in a single tryptic fragment. AB - The location of the sites of methylation of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) of Escherichia coli has been investigated by trypsin digestion and mapping of the peptides. The two principal MCPs, MCP I and MCP II, were found to have very similar methyl-labeled peptide patterns. Each produced three major species of methylated peptide. Both MCPs migrate on high-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide slab gels a a cluster of discrete protein bands. Each band produced one of the three major methylated peptides as the unique or dominant species. Progressive demethylation of the least acidic peptide produced, sequentially, the intermediate and most acidic peptides before complete loss of the methyl label. This is consistent with a single peptide backbone carrying from one to three methyl groups. The possible significance of three methyl-accepting sites in a single tryptic peptide is discussed. PMID- 7011381 TI - Rapid purification of yeast mitochondrial DNA in high yield. AB - A procedure is presented for the rapid isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in high yield from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells, which may be grown to late stationary phase, are broken by a combination of enzymatic and mechanical means; mtDNA is then isolated from a crude mitochondrial lysate by a single cycle of bisbenzimide-CsCl buoyant density centrifugation. mtDNA so isolated is at least 99.5% pure, and has a mean duplex molecular weight of 24.5 . 10(6). In addition to mtDNA and bulk nuclear DNA, several other yeast nucleic acid species, identified as ribosomal DNA and a mixture of duplex RNAs, form discrete bands in these gradients. PMID- 7011382 TI - Vanadate enhances the stimulatory action of insulin on DNA synthesis in cultured mouse mammary gland. AB - In order to assess the importance of ions in the regulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, the effect of various polyvalent ions was examined on insulin and lithium-ion-dependent DNA synthesis in mouse mammary gland from virgin mice cultured in a serum-free, chemically defined medium. Addition of 2 to 10 microM orthovanadate enhanced the stimulatory effect of insulin on DNA synthesis in cultured tissue. Similar results were obtained with metavanadate. In contrast, vanadate did not augment Li+-stimulated DNA synthesis but rather inhibited this process. Vanadate by itself caused only a slight stimulation of DNA synthesis. These results indicate that vanadate acts as a co-mitogen in insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis in cultured mammary cells and suggest that the mitogenic action of insulin involves an ion-dependent path which may be common to the actions of vanadate and lithium ion. PMID- 7011383 TI - DNA-RNA polymerase complexes associated with the membrane from bacteriophage T2- or T4-infected Escherichia coli. I. General properties. AB - Properties of DNA-RNA polymerase complexes, apparently bound to a fraction of the cell membrane of bacteriophage T2- or T4-infected Escherichia coli, are described. Evidence is presented to show that the complexes initiate the asymmetric synthesis of RNA, and release the finished product. The transcription capacity per unit of beta' + beta was 10 times higher at 6 min than at 30 min after infection. PMID- 7011384 TI - DNA-RNA polymerase complexes associated with the membrane from bacteriophage T2- or T4-infected Escherichia coli. II. A comparison of in vitro RNA with the in vivo RNA products. AB - Membrane preparations, containing DNA-RNA polymerase from bacteriophage T2- or T4 infected Escherichia coli, caused the asymmetric synthesis of RNA classes similar to those produced sequentially in vivo: 1, Pre-early RNA was formed when a membrane preparation was isolated 1 min after infection. 2, Pre-early and delayed early RNA, in roughly the same proportion as that obtained in vivo, was synthesized by a preparation obtained 6 min after infection. 3, Pre-early, delayed early and late genes were transcribed by preparations isolated from cells during the late period of infection. In late preparations, however, less late and more pre-early RNA was usually synthesized in vitro than that obtained in vivo. Late RNA was not synthesized when a phage T4 mutant defective in either gene 33 or gene 55 was used. Evidence is presented to show that late RNA synthesis cannot solely be accounted for from the completion of already initiated chains. PMID- 7011385 TI - Use of thiotriphosphates for the study of in vitro initiation in adenovirus infected cell nuclei. AB - The use of thiotriphosphates as a means of analyzing in vitro initiation products of adenovirus-infected cells is demonstrated for the RNA polymerase III transcript VA-RNA. Results suggest its usefulness in discriminating between adenosine- or guanosine-initiated transcripts and in selecting the 5' oligonucleotide. PMID- 7011386 TI - Substrate specificity of penicillin amidase from E. coli. AB - 1. The kinetic parameters of 12 substrates of penicillin amidase (penicillin amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.11) from E. coli have been determined. Most of the penicillin amidase amide substrates containing a phenylacetyl group in the acyl moiety have been shown to have similar catalytic constants of 50 s-1. Substitution of the phenylacetyl group b 2-thienylacetyl group (cephalothin, cephaloridine) having a similar structure leads to a slight decrease in kcat. 2. Nonspecific penicillin amidase substrates, which contain a free amino group in their acyl moiety, are characterized by a strong dependence of kcat, on the structure of the leaving group with Km being constant. To investigate the free amino group influence on the reaction kinetics, pH-dependences of kcat/Km of enzymatic hydrolysis of phenylacetic and D-(-)-alpha-aminophenylacetic acid p nitroanilides have been studied. It has been shown that enzyme binds the deprotonated form of the substrate only. 3. Under thermodynamically favourable conditions for the synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics (at low pH), a concentration of the deprotonated substrate form is very low, and the reaction proceeds in the bimolecular regime. The value of the second-order rate constant for the substrate having a free amino group is small even at pH 7.5, and sharply decreases as does the pH. Hence, despite the favourable thermodynamic conditions for the production of all beta-lactam antibiotics, low reaction rate is the basic hindrance for enzymatic synthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins having a free amino group in the acyl moiety. PMID- 7011388 TI - Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from baker's yeast: further purification by affinity chromatography with 5' AMP-Sepharose 4B. AB - A homogeneous preparation of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (L proline: NAD (P)+ 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2) was obtained from baker's yeast by an affinity chromatography, using 5' AMP-Sepharose 4B. After the 1st DEAE Sephadex column chromatography, the enzyme absorbed on 5' AMP-Sepharose column was eluted with 1 mM ATP. The final preparation was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and purified 3500-fold from the crude extract. This purified enzyme was very useful as a coupling enzyme for the assays of ornithine and pyrroline-5-carboxylate in tissues, and for the rate assay of ornithine aminotransferase activity. PMID- 7011387 TI - Studies on aspartase. VI. Trypsin-mediated activation releasing carboxy-terminal peptides. AB - Aspartase (L-aspartate ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.1) of Escherichia coli, already of full activity, is 3-5-fold activated by a limited proteolysis with trypsin (Mizuta, K. and Tokushige, M. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 452, 253-261). Structural bases for the activation were investigated. The NH2-termini of the native enzyme and of the trypsin-activated enzyme were found to be equally serine, as analyzed by the dansylation method. However, the COOH-terminal glutamate of the native enzyme was altered to arginine upon activation, as revealed by treatments with carboxypeptidases Y, A and B. The released peptides were obtained by molecular sieve membrane filtration following trypsin activation of the enzyme. The peptides were separated by high voltage paper electrophoresis, and the amino acid composition and the terminal residues were determined. The results showed that one or a few related peptides consisting of 7-17 residues were released from the COOH-terminal upon activation. The circular dichroism spectrum of the enzyme suggested that the helical content of the activated enzyme was about 5% less than that of the native enzyme, an indication that the trypsin activated enzyme has a somewhat looser conformation than the native enzyme. Determination of the fluorescence decay time of the enzyme protein indicated that the tryptophan residue became more exposed to outer environment than that of the native enzyme upon trypsin-activation. PMID- 7011389 TI - Induction of L-lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase by glucagon and glucocorticoid in developing and adult rats: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - L-Lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase (EC 1.5.1.8, NADP) in the liver of adult rats increased 4-5 times when the animals were treated with alloxan. In diabetic rats injection of insulin or adrenalectomy prevented the increase in enzyme activity. The activity of the similar enzyme in kidney was not changed by these treatments. The enzyme activity in primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes was also induced by addition of dexamethasone and glucagon together, and glucagon could be replaced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Insulin inhibited the induction. The hormonal induction was also inhibited by actinomycin D and by cycloheximide. During development of rats, fetal liver showed very low activity, but the activity appeared on day 1 after birth and then increased rapidly, reaching the adult level by day 5. The activity of the kidney enzyme increased more slowly and reached adult level 1 month after birth. Intra-uterine injection of glucagon caused precocious induction of the liver enzyme in fetuses. These results indicate that the activity of L-lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase in the adult liver and in part in neonatal liver also, in controlled by both glucagon and glucocorticoid. PMID- 7011391 TI - Regulation of calcium fluxes in rat pancreatic islets. Quinine mimics the dual effect of glucose on calcium movements. AB - The effects of quinine and 9-aminoacridine, two blockers of potassium conductance in islet cells, on 45Ca efflux and insulin release from perifused islets were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which glucose initially reduces 45Ca efflux and later stimulates calcium inflow in islet cells. In the absence of glucose, 100 microM quinine stimulated 45Ca net uptake, 45Ca outflow rate and insulin release. Quinine also dramatically enhanced the cationic and the secretory response to intermediate concentrations of glucose, but had little effect on 45Ca net uptake, 45Ca fractional outflow rate and insulin release at a high glucose concentration (16.7 mM). The ability of quinine to stimulate 45Ca efflux depended on the presence of extracellular calcium, suggesting that it reflects a stimulation of calcium entry in the islet cells. In the absence of extracellular calcium, quinine provoked a sustained decrease in 45Ca efflux. Such an inhibitory effect was not additive to that of glucose, and was reduced at low extracellular Na+ concentration. At a low concentration (5 microM), quinine, although reducing 86Rb efflux from the islets to the same extent as a non insulinotropic glucose concentration (4.4 mM), failed to inhibit 45Ca efflux. In the presence of extracellular calcium, 9-aminoacridine produced an important but transient increase in 45Ca outflow rate and insulin release from islets perifused in the absence of glucose. In the absence of extracellular calcium, 9 aminoacridine, however, failed to reduced 45Ca efflux from perifused islets. It is concluded that quinine, by reducing K+ conductance, reproduces the effect of glucose to activate voltage-sensitive calcium channels and to stimulate the entry of calcium into the B-cell. However, the glucose-induced inhibition of calcium outflow rate, which may also participate in the intracellular accumulation of calcium, does not appear to be mediated by changes in K+ conductance. PMID- 7011390 TI - Evidence for a highly specific protein kinase phosphorylating two strongly acidic proteins of yeast 60 S ribosomal subunit. AB - Two distinct, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase (ATP : protein photransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) from yeast have been isolated and highly purified. The first of the enzymes, protein kinase 1 A, phosphorylates casein and phosvitin, and its cellular protein substrate is unknown. The second enzyme, protein kinase 1 B, phosphorylates two strongly acidic proteins, L44 and L45, of the 60 S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 7011393 TI - Rapid hyperpolarization of rat skeletal muscle induced by insulin. AB - It has been proposed that the increase produced by insulin in electrical potential differences across membranes of target cells may be a mechanism by which the cell surface insulin-receptor complex causes at least some of the metabolic effects of insulin. If insulin-induced hyperpolarization is a transducer of common effector responses it must precede those responses. The problem has not been addressed previously, so that rapid responses to insulin have not been sought. Two methods were used. In one method, the bathing solution was changed rapidly so as to include insulin in supramaximal concentrations, and a series of measurements of membrane potentials. Er, were made. Insulin hyperpolarized by 9.4 mV within 1 min. In the other method, nanoliter amounts of highly concentrated insulin solution were ejected from a micropipette onto the surface of an impaled muscle fiber. In 21 out of 32 insulin injections, hyperpolarization occurred with 1 s; in 11 control injections there was no change. This is the most rapid response to insulin yet reported, and is consistent with the hypothesis that insulin-induced hyperpolarization may transduce effector responses. PMID- 7011392 TI - Energy source for lithium efflux in yeast. AB - The efflux of Li+ in yeast was found to depend on the protonmotive force. The ATP content of the cell regulated the efflux that was also sensitive to the decrease in the cell pH. We propose an electrogenic H+/Li+ antiport as the mechanism for the efflux of Li+. PMID- 7011394 TI - Isolation of platelet plasma membrane proteins by affinity chromatography. AB - A general method for the labelling and recovery of platelet membrane proteins is described. This method is based on the principle of labelling cell membrane proteins with reagents containing haptenic groups. The labelled proteins can then be isolated by affinity chromatography, using antibodies against the haptenic groups on the labelling reagents. Two compounds representing different groups of reagents were synthesized and used: 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-alanine hydrazide, which is a labelling reagent for glycoproteins, and diazodiiodoarsanilic acid, which binds to externally exposed membrane proteins. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl-beta alanine hydrazide binds to aldehydes formed from oxidized sialic acid. Three main proteins were isolated using this reagent. Using diazodiiodoarsanilic acid, a protein having a molecular weight of 85,000 was labelled and later isolated in an affinity column with anti-arsanilic acid antibodies. PMID- 7011395 TI - Biochemical studies of the excitable membrane of Paramecium tetraurelia. V. Effects of proteases on the ciliary membrane. AB - The swimming behavior of Paramecium is regulated by an excitable membrane that covers the body and cilia of the protozoan. In order to obtain information on the topology and function of ciliary membrane proteins, Paramecia were treated with trypsin, chymotrypsin or pronase and the effects of these proteases were analyzed using electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis of ciliary fractions and behavioral tests. At the concentrations used, trypsin and chymotrypsin had little or no effect on the cells while pronase removed the cell surface coat, visible as fuzzy material covering the cell membrane. The same pronase treatment caused the specific removal of a high molecular weight protein (250 000), as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein, the 'immobilization antigen', constitutes the major protein of the ciliary membrane. Although the immobilization antigen was removed (or markedly decreased), no marked and reproducible difference was observed in the swimming behavior of the treated cells. We also determined the effects of proteases on isolated ciliary fractions to explore the sidedness of ciliary membrane proteins. A set of proteins relatively resistant to protease digestion was identified; they may be intrinsic membrane proteins. PMID- 7011396 TI - The occurrence of two ribosomal ribonucleases depending on growth phase in yeast. Induction of ribonuclease in glucose-starved cells. AB - There are two latent ribonucleases associated with the 40 S subunits of yeast ribosomes which differ in their digestion products, pH optimum, molecular weight, and in their activity during growth phase. The 3'-nucleotide-producing enzyme is active only in the late logarithmic or stationary growth phase, whereas the ribonuclease which produces 5'-nucleotides is present at all growth phases. The enzymes were separated by affinity chromatography and were partially characterized. By changing growth conditions--i.e. decreasing and increasing the glucose concentration in the medium--the activity of the 3'-ribonuclease could be induced or reduced. PMID- 7011397 TI - Hydrophobic interactions of Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - We have demonstrated the presence of hydrophobic sites on the surface of Escherichia coli ribosomes by means of hydrophobic chromatography on Octyl Sepharose. Both 30-S and 50-S ribosomal subunits adsorb to Octyl-Sepharose at a low salt concentration, and can be eluted from it with a nonionic detergent without substantial changes in structure or activity. By testing a series of LiCl derived ribosomal cores for their ability to adsorb to Octyl-Sepharose we have shown that the interaction of ribosomal particles with Octyl-Sepharose is dependent on the presence of certain ribosomal proteins; the core particles which lack these proteins do not bind to Octyl-Sepharose. The binding of a series of different ribosomal cores to nitrocellulose filters (Millipore) yielded the same pattern as was observed with Octyl-Sepharose, i.e. the more protein-depleted the particles, the less they were adsorbed. Thus, the adsorption of ribosomes to Millipore filters and to Octyl-Sepharose is presumably of the same hydrophobic nature. PMID- 7011398 TI - Iodination of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L18 abolishes its 5 S RNA binding activity. AB - Iodination of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L18 inactivated the 5 S RNA binding activity of the protein. Complete activity loss occurred at a 4-fold molar excess of iodine to L18. Tyrosine was found to be the reactive amino acid. L18, prebound to 5 S RNA, was inactivated at a much slower rate than unbound L18. Treatment of L18 with tetranitromethane also resulted in an inactivation of the protein. However, much larger amounts of tetranitromethane, compared to iodine, were necessary to achieve inactivation (50% activity loss at a 600-fold molar excess of tetranitromethane to L18). PMID- 7011399 TI - The interaction of RNA polymerase and DNA. Effects on the helix-coil transition and light scattering. AB - To characterize the interactions of RNA polymerase with DNA, we have investigated the thermal transition of poly[d(A-T] bound to RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli and the aggregation properties of the enzyme with DNA. The melting curve of the DNA-enzyme complex demonstrates a sharply lowered melting temperature for part of the DNA, whereas for another fraction the double helix is stabilized. This indicates that the DNA-binding site of RNA polymerase serves two functions: (1) to disrupt the double helix at one point, and (2) to maintain the duplex form at other points. The aggregation of DNA and RNA polymerase has been monitored by turbidity measurements, and conditions have been delineated under which aggregation is minimized. Holoenzyme added to double-stranded DNA or single stranded DNA has little or no tendency to aggregate under most conditions. Core enzyme, on the other hand, aggregate extensively with double-stranded DNA, the only under conditions of low salt (10 mM KCl), without Mg2+, or at high salt (300 mM KCl), with or without Mg2+, can this aggregation be eliminated. Core enzyme also does not aggregate in the presence of single-stranded DNA. These aggregation properties are interpreted as evidence for more than one DNA-binding site on RNA polymerase. PMID- 7011400 TI - Activation and inhibition of phosphoglycerate kinase by sulphate ion. AB - A kinetic study of the effects of SO4(2-) in the activity of phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP: 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) is presented. SO4(2-) behaves both as an activator and inhibitor of the reaction. Activation does not appear to affect binding of one or the other of the two substrates to the catalytic centre. As an inhibitor SO4(2-) competes with both the substrates. Thus, each substrate can constrict SO4(2-) from the inhibitor binding site, probably the catalytic centre. Under these conditions activation becomes more and more evident. There appear to exist at least two SO4(2-) binding sites, one which earlier has been defined as an anion binding site, and a second, being the catalytic centre. The former seems to have a higher affinity for SO4(2 ) than the latter. PMID- 7011401 TI - Constitutive hepatic glucokinase activity in db/db and ob/ob mice. AB - The specific activity of hepatic glucokinase (ATP: D-glucose 6 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.2) in db/db mice and ob/ob mice was higher than in normal mice. All enzymes had a similar Km and, thus, the difference in activity was not due to differences in the affinity of enzyme molecules to substrates. Mixing liver extracts with high or low enzyme activities yielded additive results, as expected, which ruled out the involvement of an inhibitor or activator of the enzyme. Fasting normal mice of either strain for three days decreased glucokinase activity. However, fasting db/db or ob/ob mice for as long as 10 days had no effect on enzyme activity, indicating that glucokinase in db/db or ob/ob mice was out of regulation or constitutive. The constant, abnormally high glucokinase activity may be a contributing factor to the obesity of ob/or or db/db mice. These mice provide a model system to study the regulation of this rate-limiting enzyme of glucose metabolism. PMID- 7011402 TI - Identification of the factor responsible for autogenous bleaching of glycollate oxidase. AB - Autogenous bleaching of glycollate oxidase (glycollate:oxygen oxidore-ductase, EC 1.1.3.1) is characterized by a loss of absorption due to enzyme-bound FMN and the presence of a lag in the catalytic assay. The extent of bleaching varies with different preparations. The following evidence indicates that bleaching is due to the presence of sulfite in the enzyme preparation which forms a reversible complex (EFMN + Y = EFMN . Y, Y = sulfite) with enzyme-bound FMN. Both EFMN . Y and authentic enzyme-sulfite complex exhibit similar spectral and catalytic properties. At pH 7.0 both complexes are decomposed by agents (2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol, H2O2) which cause sulfite oxidation. In the absence of such agents the complexes are extremely stable at pH 7.0 even during extensive dialysis. A pronounced decrease in complex stability is observed at pH 9.0 and 25 degrees C. Both sulfite and Y are readily removed by dialysis under these conditions. At lower temperatures both complexes exhibit an increase in stability at pH 9.0. Reversible association-dissociation is observed with EFMN . Y and EFMN . SO3 at pH 9.0, when the temperature is varied between 25 and 0 degrees C. The supernatant obtained after heat denaturation of EFMN . Y causes bleaching when mixed with EFMN, indicating that Y is present in the heat extract. A stable Bunte salt is formed by reacting sulfite with 4,4'-dithiodipyridine. Reaction of the latter with the heat extract yields a product with spectral and chromatographic properties identical to the authentic Bunte salt, indicating that the heat extract contains sulfite. PMID- 7011404 TI - Purification of an acidic alpha-D-mannosidase from Aspergillus saitoi and specific cleavage of 1,2-alpha-D-mannosidic linkage in yeast mannan. AB - An acidic alpha-D-mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.24) has been isolated from culture filtrate of Aspergillus saitoi. The extracellular alpha-mannosidase was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 51 000 and the isoelectric point pH 4.5. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of 5.0, a Km of 0.45 mM with baker's yeast mannan and has no activity towards p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The mode of action of the enzyme has been studied with baker's yeast mannan and sake yeast mannan. The enzyme cleaves specifically the 1,2-alpha-linked side chain, producing free mannose. PMID- 7011406 TI - Enzymatic synthesis in biphasic aqueous-organic systems. I. Chemical equilibrium shift. AB - A theoretical analysis of the causes of chemical equilibrium shift (i.e., change in product yield), accompanying replacement of water as the reaction medium by biphasic system "water-water-immiscible organic solvent", is given. A model is described, which is based on equilibrium partition of reagents between the two phases and establishment of a chemical equilibrium. In terms of this model, the apparent equilibrium constant, Kbiphasic which is evolved from the equilibrium concentrations of the reagents referred to the total volume of the biphasic system, should depend on the ratio of the volume of the organic and aqueous phases and the partition coefficients. The theoretical dependences were verified experimentally. Firstly, it was shown that for oxidation of isobutanol into isobutyraldehyde, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, the equilibrium shift that takes place in a water-hexane biphasic system is determined by the partition coefficients of the reagents found in an independent experiment. Varying the composition of the organic phase (hexane or ethyl acetate and their mixtures), the equilibrium could be shifted (compared to the aqueous solutions) towards both the initial reagents and the end-products: thereby changing the apparent equilibrium constant by two orders of magnitude. Secondly, alpha-chymotrypsin catalyzed synthesis of ethyl ester of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (from the respective acid and alcohol) in a biphasic system containing chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride or diethyl ether, has been studied. The apparent equilibrium constant has been experimentally demonstrated to depend on the ratio of the aqueous and organic phase volumes in an extreme fashion, as has been predicted by the theory. The yield of the product in the reaction optimum amounts to 100%, whereas in water it is as low as 0.01%. PMID- 7011405 TI - Localization and partial purification of a neutral-active phospholipase A2 from BCG-induced rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - The localization and partial purification of a Ca2+-dependent, membrane associated phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) from BCG induced rabbit alveolar macrophages is described. Phospholipase A activity was determined using autoclaved Escherichia coli, the phospholipids of which were labelled in the 2-acyl position with [1-14C]oleate. Sonicated macrophages or granule preparations exhibited maximal phospholipase A2 activity at pH 7.0, with 5 mM Ca2+. Activity was quantitatively recovered in the pellet after centrifugation of homogenates at 100 000 x g, indicating that the enzyme is membrane-associated. At least two populations of macrophage granules were separated that contained phospholipase A2 activity. Plasma membranes enriched 15 fold with respect to alkaline phosphodiesterase I were devoid of phospholipase activity. The enzyme was purified 1278-fold in a yield of 34%, was active over a broad pH range, and was extremely sensitive to low concentrations of Ca2+. Mg2+ and Mn2+ would not substitute for Ca2+, 1 mM EDTA completely inhibited enzymatic activity. Absolute specificity for the 2-position was demonstrated using 1-[1 14C]stearyl-2-acyl 3-sn-glycerophosphorylethanolamine as substrate. Phospholipase A2 activity was inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin; the amount of drug required for 50% inhibition was 5 . 10(-4) M. PMID- 7011403 TI - A particulate form of alkaline phosphatase in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A new form of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) has been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Utilizing either synthetic or natural substrates, the enzyme exhibited a broad pH activity curve with maximum activity between 8.5 and 9.0. The enzyme was nonspecific with respect to substrate, attacking a variety of compounds containing phosphomonoester linkages, but has no detectable activity against polyphosphate, pyrophosphate or phosphodiester linkages. The enzyme exhibited an apparent Km of 0.25 mM with respect to p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 0.38 mM with respect to alpha-naphthyl phosphate, and 1.0 mM with respect to 5'AMP. The enzyme is regulated in a constitutive manner and its activity does not increase during phosphate starvation or sporulation, as does the repressible alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme is tightly bound to a particulate fraction of the cell, tentatively identified as the tonoplast membrane. It is not solubilized by treatment with high concentrations of NaCl, KH2PO4 or chaotropic agents. Triton X-100 (0.1%) solubilizes 12% of the particulate activity. This enzyme is differentiated from the other alkaline phosphatases found in yeast by its chromatographic elution DEAE-cellulose, kinetic parameters, heat stability and pH stability, as well as its particulate nature. This particulate alkaline phosphatase was found in every strain examined. It has a significantly lower specific activity in the phoH mutant and a higher activity in the acid phosphatase constitutive mutant A137. PMID- 7011407 TI - Incorporation and metabolism of 2-acyl lysophospholipids by Escherichia coli. AB - The incorporation of 2-acyl lysophospholipids into Escherichia coli, and their metabolism were studied. 2-[14C]Acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine could penetrate into E. coli cells and was mainly incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine. 2 Acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine was partially degraded, but some of it was incorporated into membrane phospholipids by acylation. 2-Acyl lysophosphatidylcholine also entered cells and was acylated to phosphatidylcholine. The acylation of 2-acyl lysophospholipid by the envelope fraction was also studied. Fatty acids were incorporated into 2-acyl lysophospholipids by the envelope fraction in the presence of ATP and Mg2+, and the incorporation was stimulated by acyl carrier protein, but not by coenzyme A. No acylation was observed with acyl coenzyme A as acyl donor. The acylation activities of the inner and outer membranes were examined. Pathways for degradation and modification of membrane phospholipids in E. coli are proposed. PMID- 7011409 TI - An in vivo evaluation in man of the transfer of esterified cholesterol between lipoproteins and into the liver and bile. AB - The metabolism of the esterified cholesterol fractions of HDL and LDL has been studied in vivo in man with regard to their ability to serve as precursors (after intrahepatic hydrolysis) for bile acid synthesis and biliary cholesterol secretion. Information was also obtained on the exchange of cholesterol esters between the lipoprotein classes. Fasting subjects were intravenously administered autologous HDL (or LDL) labeled with esterified [3H]cholesterol and free [3H]- and [14C]cholesterol. Following the administration of the labeled lipoproteins, bile and blood were collected at frequent intervals. In each experiment the observed 3H/14C ratios in bile acids, biliary cholesterol, lipoprotein free cholesterol and red blood cell cholesterol were similar and markedly divergent from the lipoprotein esterified cholesterol 3H/14C ratios. Following the administration of labeled HDL, the 3H/14C ratios observed in the esterified cholesterol fractions of VLDL and LDL closely resembled the ratios in HDL indicating that VLDL and LDL received esterified cholesterol by direct transfer from HDL. Following the administration of labeled LDL, the 3H/14C ratios in HDL esterified cholesterol were midway between the ratio in LDL esterified cholesterol and plasma free cholesterol, indicating that HDL esterified cholesterol is derived from more than one source. These sources could be LDL esterified cholesterol and esters formed de novo from plasma free cholesterol. A precursor-product relationship was found between the specific activities of lipoprotein free cholesterol and the bile steroids. Assuming direct entry of lipoprotein free and esterified cholesterol (after hydrolysis) into the bile acid and biliary cholesterol precursor pools, it was calculated that less than 20% of these biliary steroids could be derived from HDL esterified cholesterol. The results support the view that lipoprotein free cholesterol is the major source of bile acids in man. Also, the results suggest that in vivo esterified cholesterol fractions of VLDL and LDL originate from HDL, that some LDL ester is transferred back to HDL, and that the cholesterol liberated form hydrolyzed esters undergoes recirculation into the free cholesterol pool rather than excretion as biliary cholesterol or bile acids. PMID- 7011411 TI - Androgen metabolism in rat skeletal muscle in vitro. AB - Androgen metabolism by the cytosol fraction of rat skeletal muscle was investigated. Testosterone metabolism was low, the main metabolite being 4 androstene-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. In addition, small amounts of 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha, 17 beta-diol were formed, but no 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane-3 one could be detected. 4-Androstene-3 alpha,17 beta-diol was metabolized only to testosterone in this system of incubation. When 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstane-3-one was incubated with muscle cytosol, considerable metabolism to 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and to 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta diol could be detected. Low 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone and rapid conversion of formed 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane-3-one to 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol gave limited ability of the muscle preparation employed to accumulate 17 beta-hydroxy 5 alpha-androstane-3-one. PMID- 7011410 TI - A quantitative evaluation of the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol to bile acids in man. AB - The present study was directed toward providing additional information in man on the nature of a potential alternative pathway to cholic acid not involving an initial 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol. Two bile fistula patients and one normal subject each received 25-hydroxy[G-3H]cholesterol; [14C]cholic and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acids were also simultaneously administered to one bile fistula patient and normal subject. The labeled 25-hydroxycholesterol was found to be poorly converted to primary bile acids by all three patients; the range of conversion was 9.7 to 18.9%. Cholic acid was favored over chenodeoxycholic acid by a margin of about 1.4/1. It is concluded that a pathway to primary bile acid via the 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol is of minor importance under conditions of normal or accelerated synthesis in man. PMID- 7011412 TI - Substrate specificity of lysophospholipase-transacylase from rat lung and its action on various physical forms of lysophosphatidylcholine. AB - Lysophospholipase-transacylase (lysolecithin acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.5) from rat lung catalyzes the transfer of acyl groups from lysophosphatidylcholine to either water or another molecule of lysophosphatidylcholine. Studies on the substrate specificity of the purified enzyme showed that a phosphate group in the substrate is essential for enzymatic activity; monoacylglycerol is not hydrolyzed, nor does it serve as an acceptor of acyl groups. The influence of the acyl chain in lysophosphatidylcholine was investigated by using mixtures of differently labelled lysophosphatidylcholine species, or by studying the transfer of [1 14C]Palmitate from [1-14C]palmitoylpropane (1,3)diol-phosphocholine to various 1 acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. Lysophosphatidylcholines with acyl chains comprised of ten or more C-atoms were found to serve as acyl acceptors. This finding was used to determine the action of the enzyme on 1-[1-14C]auroyl- and 1[1-14C]myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine both below and above the critical micelle concentration of the substrate. Monomeric substrate was effectively hydrolyzed, but the transacylase activity of the enzyme was only expressed when substrate micelles were present. Likewise, no transacylase activity was found when lysophosphatidylcholine was embedded in liposomal membranes prepared from lung total lipids. These findings, which persist with crude enzyme preparations (100 000 x g supernatant), are discussed in relation to the putative function of the lysophospholipase-transacylase in the synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in lung. PMID- 7011408 TI - Galactolipid formation in chloroplast envelopes. III. Some observations on galactose incorporation by envelopes with high and low content of diacylglycerol. AB - Chloroplast envelopes from spinach, isolated at two different pH values, were incubated with UDP[14C]galactose at pH values of 6.0, 7.2 and 8.5 and rates and patterns of galactolipid synthesis were measured. Envelopes isolated at pH 8.5 and considered to be poor in initial diacylglycerol content were generally inhibited, especially at high pH. At this pH, where interlipid galactosyl transfer is very slow, incorporation rates reflect diacylglycerol content. At lower ph values in both types of envelope, interlipid galactosyl transferase is active. The highest rates of interlipid galactosyl transferase are seen at pH 6.0 in diacylglycerol-poor envelopes and at pH 7.2 in diacylglycerol-rich envelopes. The latter type of envelope shows considerable activity of monogalactolipid acylase at low pH 6.0, which seems to compete with interlipid galactosyl transferase for monogalactolipid. After removal of UDPGal and transfer of the envelopes to higher pH, acylmonogalactolipid can be transformed again into monogalactolipid and this regenerated lipid can again be transformed into digalactolipid and into higher-homologous galactolipids. Intact spinach chloroplast in similar experiments behave essentially as isolated envelopes. Results are compared with patterns of galactolipid synthesis in vivo and considered as an indication that interlipid galactosyl transferase may be regulated not only by pH but also by a factor originating in the cytoplasm. Results are also discussed in the light of recent suggestions that galactolipids are synthesized in a multi-enzyme complex in the envelope and also considered as a contribution towards understanding the regulation of the mono-/digalactolipid ratio. The observations on the behaviour of acyltransferase and the reversibility of its reaction may constitute a first step to an understanding of a physiological role for this enzyme. PMID- 7011413 TI - Cholesterol and phospholipid biosynthesis in guinea pig megakaryocytes. AB - Megakaryocytes are the bone marrow cells which produce the blood platelets. Platelet lipids are thought to be important determinants of platelet activity in thrombosis and hemostasis. We have investigated lipid synthesis from [U-14C] acetate in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes with the goal of elucidating the genesis of platelet lipids. Cholesterol was the major product of megakaryocyte lipid synthesis from [U-14C]acetate. Incorporation of acetate (0.1 mM) into cholesterol per 10(6) megakaryocytes (1.1 mg protein) was 0.14 nmol in 0.5 h, 0.95 nmol in 1.5 h and 3.2 nmol in 4.0 h. Megakaryocytes also synthesized cholesterol from [U-14C]glucose. In contrast, platelet sterol synthesis was negligible. Both megakaryocytes and platelets synthesized phospholipids from [U 14C]acetate. Megakaryocytes incorporated 0.07 nmol acetate per 10(6) cells into phospholipid in 0.5 h, 0.38 nmol in 1.5 h and 1.8 nmol in 4.0 h. Platelets (10(9) cells, 1.3 mg protein) incorporated 0.15 nmol acetate into phospholipids in 1.5 h. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 62% of the phospholipid radioactive label in megakaryocytes and 78% in platelets. Phospholipid radioactivity was associated with the fatty acids. We hypothesize that the megakaryocyte may synthesize a major portion of platelet cholesterol and that the phospholipid and fatty acid synthetic pathways available to the platelet are derived from the megakaryocytes. PMID- 7011414 TI - Differentiation of ob 17 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Triggering effects of clofenapate and indomethacin. AB - Conversion of ob 17 preadipocytes to mature adipose cells is accelerated by addition of clofenapate or of indomethacin, in either the absence or presence of insulin. General stimulation of triacylglycerol-pathway enzymes is observed, as well as dramatic increase in endogenous fatty-acid synthesis. This increase is a function of drug concentration and exposure time. In contrast to indomethacin, the continuous presence of clofenapate after the cells reached confluence was required to observe the effects on adipose conversion. Growth of ob 17 fibroblasts in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine normally prevents their differentiation to adipose cells. Addition of either clofenapate or indomethacin to these cells at confluence overrides this block. The effects of hypolipidemic drugs such as clofenapate observed on a long-term basis in vitro are consistent with the results of studies on adipose tissue in vivo. PMID- 7011415 TI - The secondary structure of ovomucoid and its domains as studied by circular dichroism. AB - The secondary structure of chicken egg white ovomucoid and its domains was studied by means of circular dichroism (CD). The various domains (domain I, domains II . III, domains I . II, and domain III with and without carbohydrate) were prepared from the ovomucoid by cyanogen bromide cleavage and Staphylococcus aureus protease V-8 digestions. The carbohydrate moiety in the ovomucoid was isolated after its extensive pronase and endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H digestions. On the net CD spectra of polypeptide chain in the ovomucoid and domain preparations, which were obtained by subtracting the spectrum of the carbohydrate moiety from their spectra, the fractions of secondary structure were calculated by the method of Chang et al. (Chang, C.T., Wu, C.S.C. and Yang, J.T. (1978) Anal. Biochem. 91, 13-31). The estimated composition of the secondary structure in the ovomucoid was as follows: alpha-helix, 26%; beta-structure, 46%; beta-turn, 10%; and random coil, 18%. The secondary structure compositions estimated for the three domains suggested that domains I and II were homologous to one another but not to domain III in regard to the proportion of secondary structure content. PMID- 7011416 TI - Subunit heterogeneity of Cancer magister hemocyanin. AB - Hemocyanin from the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, has been described as a 25-S two-hexamer assembly of two different 5-S subunits. We have found that at least six different 5-S polypeptide chains constitute this hemocyanin. They can be separated from one another by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis as well as by regular gel electrophoresis. The six 5-S polypeptides appear very different from one another when each SDS-treated subunit is partially digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. This pattern of six subunits is present both in hemolymph which has been examined immediately upon removal from the animal as well as in hemocyanin which has remained at room temperature for two weeks. Thus, it is unlikely that the heterogeneity is a result of proteolysis during preparation of the sample. Possible implications of the high degree of subunit heterogeneity on the protein's quaternary structure are discussed. PMID- 7011417 TI - In situ studies on AMP deaminase as a control system of the adenylate energy charge in yeasts. AB - The role of AMP deaminase reaction in the stabilization of the adenylate energy charge was investigated using permeabilized yeast cells. The addition of Pi or Zn2+, which inhibits AMP deaminase, remarkably retarded the depletion of total adenylate pool and the recovery of the adenylate energy charge. Polyamine, an activator of the enzyme, decreased total adenylates, resulting in the enhanced recovery of the energy charge in situ. AMP deaminase can act as a regulatory enzyme in the system that stabilizes the adenylate energy charge in yeast cells under the conditions of severe metabolic stress. PMID- 7011418 TI - Experimental evolution of propanediol oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli. Comparative analysis of the wild-type and mutant enzymes. AB - A model for the study of experimental evolution is provided by the novel metabolic system responsible for the progressive utilization of L-1,2-propane diol by mutants of Escherichia coli (strains 3 and 430). In these mutant strains, propanediol oxidoreductase, which serves as L-lactaldehyde reductase in fucose fermentation by wild-type cells, became a key enzyme for aerobic catabolism of propanediol. In the wild-type strain (strain 1), the enzyme is inducible only anaerobically; in strains 3 and 430, the enzyme is synthesized constitutively even in the presence of air. The propanediol oxidoreductase from all three strains was purified to homogeneity by the same procedure. The enzyme of strain 3 clearly differed from that of strain 1 in several respects: Km and V in both directions of the reaction, energy of activation, thermal stability, pH optimum and substrate specificity. However, no difference in any of the above characteristics was found between the enzymes of strains 3 and 430. All three enzymes presented the same electrophoretic mobility. According to immunological data, all three strains differed in their intracellular enzyme level. PMID- 7011419 TI - Regulation of glycogenolysis in the liver of the newborn rat in vivo. Inhibitory effect of glucose. AB - Newborn rats were injected immediately after delivery with glucose or glucose plus mannoheptulose, and the time-courses of liver glycogen, plasma glucose insulin and glucagon concentration were studied. The administration of glucose prevented both liver glycogenolysis and the increase in plasma glucagon concentration, which normally occurs immediately after delivery. In addition, the administration of glucose prevented the decrease of plasma glucose and insulin concentration which normally occurs during the first hour of extrauterine life. Supplementation of glucose with mannoheptulose prevented the increase of plasma insulin concentrations caused by the administration of glucose; liver glycogenolysis, however, was not stimulated in these circumstances. The increase in the rate of glycogenolysis caused by the administration of glucagon was prevented in newborn rats previously treated with glucose. These results suggest that glucose exerts an inhibitory effect on the stimulation of neonatal liver glycogenolysis by glucagon. PMID- 7011420 TI - The effect of spermine on the interaction of AMP deaminase with threonine dehydratase activity in yeast. AB - Evidence suggesting that AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) is responsible for the stimulation of threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) activity in situ is presented using yeast cells which have been rendered permeable. The addition of polyamine, an activator of AMP deaminase, resulted in the increase in ammonia concentration, which can stimulate the activity of yeast threonine dehydratase. Polyamine may regulate the synthesis of isoleucine and valine, and of the intermediates of citric acid cycle through the activation of AMP deaminase-threonine dehydratase system as a 'cascade system' in yeast. PMID- 7011421 TI - Phosphorylation of caseins, present evidence for an amino acid triplet code posttranslationally recognized by specific kinases. AB - The fifty of so phosphorylated hydroxyamino acid residues hitherto investigated in caseins from different species have been found to occur in tripeptide sequences -Ser/Thr-X-A- where X represents any amino acid residue and A is an acidic residue. This strongly suggests that phosphorylation of caseins involves basically the stepwise enzymatic recognition of primary and secondary anionic amino acid triplets where the determinants are dicarboxylic residues and phosphoseryl residues, respectively. Studies of genetic variants of bovine caseins have provided clear-cut evidence for the actual occurrence of the former recognition sites. The occurrence of the above tripeptide sequences is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for phosphorylation of caseins to occur. Possible factors of constraint such as different intrinsic properties of both phosphate acceptor residues and acidic determinants, the characteristics of the local environment in terms of overall charge and hydrophilicity, secondary structure and steric hindrance, an insufficient available pool of casein kinase(s)... are discussed. All evidence now available supports the concept that phosphorylation of caseins is a posttranslational event and it is suggested that the process may occur during the transfer of completed polypeptide chains from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus where most of phosphate incorporation is presumably carried out. This organelle is rich in membrane-bound specific cyclic AMP-independent kinase(s) able in vitro to rephosphorylate specifically although not completely phosphatase-treated caseins and caseinophosphopeptides. PMID- 7011422 TI - [Isolation of yeast protoplasts using various preparations of the hepato pancreatic juice of Helix pomatia]. AB - Conversion of large amounts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to protoplasts is studied using various preparations extracted from Helix pomatia hepato-pancreatic juice. The most favourable yield in two hours incubations (88 per cent) is obtained with 20 ml cytohelicase, a chitinase and glucanase enriched extract, per 400 g of yeast cells, harvested at the end of the logarithmic growth phase and preincubated in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7011424 TI - [Physico-chemical and functional properties fo intramitochondrial polyribosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Different methods of separation of mitochondrial polyribosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the admixtures of cytoplasmic polyribosomes firmly bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane has been carried out. It has been shown that treatment of mitochondria with 0.5 M KCl -- 1 mM puromycin alone allows to obtain a highly purified fraction of mitochondrial polyribosomes (Sw, 20 = 100- 200S), consisting of 2--3 monomers. Gel-filtration under denaturing conditions of nascent polypeptides bound to mitochondrial polyribosomes has revealed a predominance of polypeptides with molecular weights of 10000--11000. Isoelectrofocusing of labelled polypeptides in the presence of ampholines (pH 3- 10) has demonstrated that they are predominantly focussed in the pH region around 9.0 and, consequently, possess basic properties. PMID- 7011423 TI - Aminoacids and the anticodon: anticodon interaction: a test of the stereochemical hypothesis? PMID- 7011425 TI - [Virion polypeptides of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm]. AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm B. mori was obtained by dissolution of polyhedra at pH 10,5. It was shown that the virus particles contain a protease, which cleaves a few virion polypeptides during the dissolution of polyhedra under alkaline conditions. The proteolytic activity is inactivated by polyhedra treatment with phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate, HgCl2 and at 80 degrees. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 18 virion polypeptides with molecular weights ranging between 10000-110000. It was assumed that the virion includes the polyhedral protein and its fragments. A possible role of the polyhedral protein and its fragments in the virion is discussed. PMID- 7011426 TI - [Effect of levorin on incorporation of individual amino acids into proteins of membranes, ribosomes and cell sap of Candida albicans]. AB - The effect of levorin on incorporation of labelled amino acids into the protoplasts and proteins of C. albicans depended on the ionic composition of the medium and on the amino acid tested. In a potassium-enriched medium the predominant effect of levorin on [14C] alanine transport into the protoplasts was decreased, while in case of [14C] leucine transport it was completely eliminated. The incorporation of [14C] alanine into the proteins of ribosomes and cell juice was inhibited by the antibiotic in a greater degree as compared to the membrane proteins, the difference in the rate being more pronounced in a sodium-enriched medium. The incorporation of [14C] leucine was inhibited in all protein fractions in the same degree, which was observed only in a sodium-enriched medium. PMID- 7011427 TI - [Interactions of yeast hexokinase with ATP and AMP 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N methylamino)benzylamidates]. AB - The interactions of ATP and AMP 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)-benzylamidates with yeast hexokinase were studied. It was found that the ATP analog does not interact with hexokinase. The AMP analog irreversibly and almost completely inactivates hexokinse. A strong protective effect is exerted by MgATP. The value of apparent Ki for the AMP analog is equal to 2.10(4) M. The existence of affinity modification is postulated. PMID- 7011428 TI - [Effect of ionic composition of incubation medium on inhibition by levorin of amino acid transfer in Candida albicans]. AB - It was demonstrated that K+ and Na+ concentrations in C. albicans cells cultivated on an aerated enriched complex medium do not practically depend on their concentration ratios in the medium. The effect of levorin on the ionic composition of the cells, on the contrary, strongly depends on the composition of the medium. In a Na-containing medium with levorin the bulk of intracellular potassium is substituted by sodium, while in a "potassium" medium no redistribution of the monovalent cations in the cells occurs. The transport of neutral amino acids with a short carbohydrate radical (e. g. glycine, alanine) is largely inhibited by levorin irrespective of the intra- and extracellular concentrations of the movement cations. The inhibition of transport of amino acids with a long carbohydrate radical (e. g. leucine, phenylalanine) by levorin is possibly mediated by its effect on the intracellular concentration of monovalent cations, since in "potassium" medium it is either insignificant or altogether absent. The transfer of neutral amino acids differing in the length of the carbohydrate radical of C. albicans by various systems is discussed. PMID- 7011430 TI - Development of proteolytic activity in rabbit fetal intestine. AB - The development of proteolytic activity was determined in rabbit fetal intestine using 125I-hemoglobin as substrate. This assay method allowed increased sensitivity and complete linearity with incubation time and amount of homogenate protein. The effect of pH on substrate hydrolysis showed two main peaks of activity around pH 5 and 8. The apparent Km of proteolytic activity for the 125I hemoglobin substrate was 0.57 mg/ml at pH 8. Proteolytic activity increases about 10-fold in fetal rabbit intestine between 21 and 31 days of gestation. PMID- 7011429 TI - Effect of acute nonsurgical stress on fetal and maternal plasma glucose, glucagon and insulin concentration in sheep. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonsurgical stress on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in the ewe and fetus. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured before and after a 2 min period of verbal and physical startling of much greater magnitude than that to which we ewe is exposed during routine blood drawing. Studies were completed on 5 fed ewes, 5 fasted ewes and on 4 fetuses of fasted ewes. There were no significant differences after a startling compared to the control values. Thus, there appears no need to allow the ewe a prolonged period (more than 1-2 weeks) to become accustomed to handling by humans before chronic metabolic studies involving serum glucose, insulin and glucagon are undertaken. PMID- 7011431 TI - Surface changes in rat spermatozoa during epididymal transit. PMID- 7011435 TI - Cell culture systems for studies of normal and abnormal endocrine function. PMID- 7011433 TI - Interaction of the antimalarial drug fluoroquine with DNA, tRNA, and poly(A): 19F NMR chemical-shift and relaxation, optical absorption, and fluorescence studies. PMID- 7011434 TI - Report of the committee on molecular cytogenetics. PMID- 7011432 TI - Renal tubular damage without glomerular damage after cytotoxic drugs and aminoglycosides. AB - Cytotoxic agents and aminoglycosides when given for a maximum of eleven days damaged the renal tubules as indicated by an increased urinary beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-m), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total protein. Methotrexate (MTX) caused the greatest changes among the cytotoxic agents studied. Prophylactic doses of aminoglycosides in surgical patients also caused tubuloproteinuria. The tubular damage was greatest when aminoglycosides were given to treat septicaemia complicating haematological malignancies in patients who had previously had cytotoxic drugs. However, even in these patients there was no evidence of glomerular failure or increased glomerular permeability seven days after beginning chemotherapy. PMID- 7011436 TI - New technique for in vitro culture of human retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7011437 TI - Methods in hand: classic tissue culture. PMID- 7011438 TI - In vitro histotypic reaggregation of fetal rat lung cells following cryopreservation and storage in liquid nitrogen. PMID- 7011439 TI - Nonsyndromic deafness. PMID- 7011440 TI - [Reaction of sera from rabbits immunized with synthetic poly-L-alanine with myocardial interstitial connective tissue cells]. AB - Sera from rabbits immunized with synthetic poly-L-alanine (PL-ala) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) have been examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique. Half of the sera reacted with fibroblasts of the interstitial connective tissue of the myocardium. The reactions were obtained with all sections of the myocardium of man and other mammals except rabbits. The sera obtained before or after immunization with synthetic poly-L-lysine fibroblasts were obtained with preparations of IgG or F(ab')2 fragments of IgG isolated from sera of animals immunized synthetic polypeptides can be applied to study by the IF technique of the antigenic structure of tissues including lymphoid and tumor tissues. PMID- 7011443 TI - [Bf-immunofixation on cellogel membranes (author's transl)]. AB - A method for the determination of Bf phenotypes of means of immunofixation after electrophoresis on cellogel membranes is reported. In comparison to immunofixation after agarose gel thin layer electrophoresis, this method shows an equal separation quality, but requires only about 1/5 of the monospecific anti-Bf serum, and results can be obtained after only 5 h. The gene frequencies calculated from our material (BfS 0.7994, BfF 0.1850, BfSO,7 0.0085, BfF1 0.0071) are in good accordance with investigations about other European populations. PMID- 7011442 TI - [Formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles of phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes in O2-and N2-atmosphere in in vitro-experiments (author's transl)]. AB - During O2 and N2 gasification in vitro, neutrophilic granulocytes ingest killed staphylococci with equal intensity. O2-gassed neutrophilic granulocytes form significantly more cytoplasmic vacuoles than N2-gassed neutrophilic granulocytes in absolute terms an in relation to the number of ingested staphylococci. The cytoplasmic vacuoles of O2-gassed neutrophilic granulocytes occupy a larger surface in smear preparations than those of N2-gassed neutrophilic granulocytes. The results make it probable that the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in neutrophilic granulocytes is an O2-dependent process. This interpretation is in agreement with concepts on the peroxidation of membrane lipids and membrane destabilization. It is consistent with the process of membrane fusion and thus the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, which are to be regarded as phagolysosomes. PMID- 7011441 TI - Hodgkin's disease: biology, treatment, prognosis. PMID- 7011444 TI - Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency by transplantation. PMID- 7011445 TI - Malaria-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - Platelet counts were investigated in 26 patients with P. falciparum malaria and 39 patients with P. vivax malaria before and after treatment. Before schizontocidal treatment 22 of 26 (85%) patients with P. falciparum malaria and 30 of 39 (72%) patients with P. vivax malaria had depressed platelet counts below 150,000/microliters blood. There was a correlation between low platelet counts and high counts of malarial plasmodia (parasitized red blood cells) in P. falciparum and P. vivax infections (p less than 0.001). Platelet survival, studied by malonaldehyde formation in three patients during the period of decreasing parasitaemia, revealed a shortened life span to 2--3 days in comparison to 7--10 days in normal controls. In all patients platelet counts rose to threefold the initial values within 5 days after clearance of parasites. The results demonstrate that, first, thrombocytopenia is a common feature in human malaria, second, thrombocytopenia induced by malaria is due to shortened life span in the peripheral blood and, third, some interaction is present between platelets and malaria plasmodia or parasitized red cells. PMID- 7011447 TI - [The anatomist and the problems of language]. PMID- 7011446 TI - Studies on the resistance of the C57B1/6 mouse strain to the polycythemia inducing strain of the Friend virus (FV-P). AB - In previous studies it had been found that C57B1/6 marrow cells, normally resistant to infection by the Friend virus (FV-P), became susceptible after their transplantation into lethally irradiated leukemic DBA/2 mice. This loss of FV-P resistance was further analyzed and spleen weight and the number of erythropoietin-(Ep)-independent CFU-E in bone marrow and spleen were measured as the result of successful FV-P infection. C57B1/6 marrow was infected shortly before and in intervals after either isogeneic transplantation or transplantation into lethally irradiated DBA/2 hosts. After isogeneic transplantation there was some susceptibility for FV-P and this seemed to correlate with the regenerative activity of BFU-E at the time of infection. However, there was no difference in the BFU-E kinetics between normal DBA/2 and C57B1/6 mice. C57B1/6 were further pretreated by bleeding, irradiation with 150 R, injection of hydroxyurea and of endotoxin. After hydroxyurea treatment there was an increased proportion of BFU-E in S-phase, but only endotoxin, which did not alter the BFU-E kinetics after 48 h, made C47B1/6 mice susceptible to FV-P infection. These results suggest that the proliferative activity of BFU-E might be important for successful FV-P infection and induction of Ep-independent erythropoiesis but also other conditions regulate the resistance or susceptibility of a mouse strain. PMID- 7011448 TI - [Hermetic adaptation of canal fillings with pastes and cones. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7011450 TI - The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture: The odyssey of smallpox vaccination. PMID- 7011449 TI - [Microscopic and ultrastructural research on the effect of a new hemostatic system]. PMID- 7011451 TI - Putting Lady Mary in her place: a discussion of historical causation. PMID- 7011452 TI - Pseudopods and synapses: the amoeboid theories of neuronal mobility and the early formulation of the synapse concept, 1894-1900. PMID- 7011453 TI - "Physiologic optimism": Horace Fletcher and hygienic ideology in progressive America. PMID- 7011454 TI - Doctors or ladies: women physicians in psychiatric institutions, 1872-1900. PMID- 7011455 TI - [Results of the controlled trial on BCG conducted in the district of Chingleput in southern India. Immunization against tuberculosis]. PMID- 7011456 TI - The anatomy and pathology of the central auditory pathways. AB - The anatomy of the central auditory pathways from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory cortex is reviewed. The common pathologies affecting these pathways are described and the neurological, ophthalmological and vestibular symptoms and signs, which are valuable in diagnosing and siting the level of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 7011457 TI - A 42-year-old king with a cavitary pulmonary lesion and intestinal perforation. PMID- 7011458 TI - Public health in Aztec society. PMID- 7011460 TI - The dental art and its practitioners in colonial Philadelphia. PMID- 7011459 TI - A historical overview of amebiasis. PMID- 7011461 TI - Nuclear cardiology--a review. PMID- 7011462 TI - Diagnostic criteria for pulmonary embolism. AB - The most important and consistent symptom of acute PE is the sudden onset of dyspnoea unexplained by pneumonia, heart failure, pneumothorax, or exacerbation of airway obstruction. The features commonly remembered such as haemoptysis and pleural rub may be absent in up to two thirds of patients. With previous cardiorespiratory disease the signs and symptoms become nonspecific and a relatively minor PE can produce clinical features more suggestive of a large embolus. Hypoxia and a raised respiratory rate are also suggestive but cannot be relied upon if there is pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease or in the elderly. Although the radiological appearance of an infarct shadow may be recognized, the chest X-ray is frequently nonspecific or normal. A negative perfusion scan excludes any significant emboli and an abnormal perfusion scan is suggestive of PE but not diagnostic; its specificity can be increased considerably if facilities are available for a concurrent ventilation scan. A deep venous thrombosis when present is also indicative of PE, although its absence does not preclude the diagnosis. Factors predisposing to deep venous thrombosis are usually present in the patient with PE. No single diagnostic aid can be relied upon in the diagnosis of PE. As with many illnesses much of the evidence begins with a careful consideration of the presenting history and physical signs. Further help can be obtained from various investigations, but results must be interpreted with consideration of the patient's age and pre-existing health. The final diagnosis may need to be established by pulmonary angiography. PMID- 7011463 TI - Spina bifida. PMID- 7011464 TI - The endocrinology of the human pineal. PMID- 7011465 TI - Some engineering principles of joint prosthetics. PMID- 7011466 TI - Chi-square test for contingency tables. PMID- 7011468 TI - Intermittent pimozide versus fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenia. AB - In a double-blind trial, 34 male chronic schizophrenic day-patients or in patients in a hostel ward continued on fluphenazine decanoate given mostly once fortnightly or were switched to pimozide, given on four days each week. Over nine months relapse rates were similar for both groups, and while fewer patients on pimozide were prescribed antiparkinsonian drugs one quarter developed buccolingual masticatory dyskinesia. Plasma pimozide levels suggested satisfactory drug compliance. Average plasma prolactin levels were within the normal rage for untreated men in one quarter of non-relapsing patients on pimozide and three quarters on fluphenazine. PMID- 7011469 TI - Controlled trial of sulpiride in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - In a double-blind comparative trial of sulpiride (600-1,800 mg/day) and trifluoperazine (15-45 mg/day) in 38 chronic schizophrenic patients, ratings of therapeutic results and unwanted effects were made at two-weekly interviews during the six weeks treatment period. The results show that sulpiride has neuroleptic properties and a spectrum of therapeutic activity similar to that of trifluoperazine. There was an association between plasma sulpiride levels and therapeutic response after four weeks' treatment. PMID- 7011470 TI - Quantitative microhaemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies in humans. PMID- 7011467 TI - Effect of various doses of acetylsalicylic acid in combination with dipyridamole on the balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane in human serum. AB - 1 Thirty-six healthy human subjects were randomly divided into six groups which were treated with a single dose of 75 mg (1.3 mg/kg) of dipyridamole alone, or 75 mg of dipyridamole in combination with 30 mg (0.5 mg/kg), 50 mg (0.8 mg/kg), 160 mg (2.6 mg/kg) and 330 mg (5.7 mg/kg) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), or with placebo. 2 The concentrations of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) metabolites, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and TxB2 respectively, were measured in serum with specific radioimmunoassays before and 1 and 3 h afer the ingestion of the test dose. 3 The basal concentrations of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TxB2 correlated significantly (r = 0.588, P less than 0.001). 4 Dipyridamole alone did not change PGI2 or TxA2 production. 5 Dipyridamole-ASA combinations with ASA doses between 0.5 and 0.8 mg/kg inhibited TxB2 production by 48 to 74% and with the ASA doses between 2.6 and 5.7 mg/kg by about 90%. None of these combinations changed PGI2 production. 6 The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to TxB2 increased 3.5 to 6 times with ASA doses of 0.5 to 0.8 mg/kg and 21 to 29 times with doses between 2.6 to 5.7 mg/kg. 7 These results suggest that the anti thrombotic effect of dipyridamole in vivo is not mediated through direct changes in PGI2 and/or TxA2 production. PMID- 7011471 TI - Outgrowth and maintenance of neurites from cultured goldfish retinal ganglion cells. AB - Single retinal ganglion cells obtained from goldfish retina are shown to support outgrowth of neurites. Processes up to 1 mm in length grow out over a two week period from cells identified as retinal ganglion cells on the basis of morphological criteria, in the absence of supporting elements. Prior crush of the optic nerve significantly enhances neuritic outgrowth. Fibers emerging from single cells often associate to form a single process. A tendency for characteristic clockwise patterning of neurite outgrowth from single cells is seen, similar to that obtained from retinal explants. PMID- 7011472 TI - Transneuronal labeling with horseradish peroxidase in the visual system of the house fly. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is taken up by lesioned neurons in the fly CNS and passes from these into certain sets of adjoining neurons which are in synaptic contact. This transneuronal labeling resolves neurons in fine detail. Electron microscopy shows reaction product in secondary neurons associated with plasmalemma and microtubules. In some cases also vesicles were found containing reaction product. It is suggested that the transneuronal passage takes place in vivo. PMID- 7011473 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the existence of a direct hypothalamic--vagal descending pathway. AB - The ultrastructural changes in the presynaptic nerve terminals in the dorsal vagal nucleus were studied in rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions placed in the dorso-medio-caudal hypothalamic area in the sagittal plane of the dorsomedial nuclei, just behind these nuclei in the P3,5--P3,7 interval. On days 3, 4 and 5 following placement of the hypothalamic lesions, degeneration of some of the presynaptic profiles in the dorsal vagal nucleus was found in the experimental animals. The data obtained provide evidence for the existence of descending hypothalamic axons terminating in the medulla oblongata on the neurons of the dorsal vagal nucleus. The possible involvement of the descending hypothalamic- vagal nerve pathway in the control of endocrine pancreas is discussed. PMID- 7011474 TI - [Testing of symptoms of patients with models of some hepatocellular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011475 TI - [Establishment of the medical school at Comenius University in Bratislava. 4. Initiatives of Hynek's group]. PMID- 7011476 TI - [Immunofluorescent visualization and detection of secretory immunoglobulin A in respiratory tract secretions of children with respiratory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011477 TI - [Changes in the parathyroid glands after kidney transplantation. II. Laboratory and clinical findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011478 TI - [A little known neurotic syndrome in a mentally retarded child, compulsive syncope self-induced by Valsalva's maneuver]. PMID- 7011479 TI - [The discovery of congenital syphilis by Jules Parrot at the Hospice des Enfants Assistes a century ago]. PMID- 7011480 TI - [An introduction to the study of slow virus diseases of animals. Comparative pathology and etiology. Attempted classification]. PMID- 7011481 TI - [Kuru and scrapie as study models for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]. PMID- 7011483 TI - [Neuropathological aspects of human and experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies]. PMID- 7011484 TI - [The 1st X-rays taken in France found at th National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 7011485 TI - [Early diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7011482 TI - [Experimental pathology of subacute spongiform encephalopathies]. PMID- 7011486 TI - [Efficacy of a French hepatitis B vaccine. Results of a multicenter clinical trial, using a placebo, with double-blind randomized administration]. PMID- 7011487 TI - [Attempt at integrating deal children into a hearing school setting]. PMID- 7011488 TI - [Use of liquid sodium for the chemical removal of the skin of mackeral in the processing of canned fish appetizers marinated in white wine]. PMID- 7011489 TI - [On ammonium phosphatides]. PMID- 7011490 TI - [Presentation of an original technic of micro-retention for prosthetic restorations and of dental stabilization]. PMID- 7011491 TI - [Root posts]. PMID- 7011494 TI - [The added wax technique--fashion or necessity?]. PMID- 7011493 TI - [Dimensional stability model waxes in fixed dentures]. PMID- 7011496 TI - [Significance in prosthetics of muscle remodelling induced by tension in the mandibular elevator muscles]. PMID- 7011495 TI - [Indications for rigid prosthetic connector attachments in relation to their dimensional schema]. PMID- 7011492 TI - [Effect of the type of cement on retention of root posts]. PMID- 7011497 TI - [Added wax technic and the infrastructure of intermediary pontics of ceramo metallic bridges]. PMID- 7011498 TI - Silver-copper-germanium alloys (Potential for oral restorations). PMID- 7011500 TI - Maxillofacial prosthodontics. (A preliminary impression technique for restricted oral access). PMID- 7011499 TI - Multiple idiopathic root resorption (case report). PMID- 7011501 TI - Restoration of abutment teeth for an existing removable partial denture. PMID- 7011502 TI - Retention of self-threading pins. PMID- 7011503 TI - Water fluoridation in Canada: a status report 1980. The Canadian Dental Association. PMID- 7011504 TI - Subunit structure of Trypanosoma cruzi chromatin. AB - Chromatin of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was found to be arranged in a subunit structure by the demonstration of (i) nu-bodies, (ii) monomeric and oligomeric DNA fragments, and (iii) four basic nuclear proteins which presumably correspond to the intrinsic protein component of nucleosomes. A discrete core fragment of 140 base pairs and a basic nuclear protein fraction clearly similar to most histones H1 were not detected. In contrast with vertebrate material, the nuclear preparations were physically and enzymatically fragile, the basic proteins showed different mobilities in electrophoresis, but the DNA repeat length was similar. The data are discussed in relation to histone regional charge, histone content, and chromatin condensation. PMID- 7011505 TI - In vitro studies on L-serine deaminase activity of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Extracts of Escherichia coli K12 contain an enzyme which deaminates L-serine. This serine deaminase appears to be a soluble enzyme and is inhibited by substrate analogues, metal ions, and chelators. The activity, which is very unstable in vitro, is protected, and in some cases, even activated by substrate, substrate analogues, and by ferrous ion. The enzyme has proved unstable in all attempts at purification. It resembles closely the L-serine deaminase activity in other microorganisms, but is very different from the mammalian enzyme. As judged by comparison with organisms in which this enzyme serves as part of the principal carbon-handling pathway, L-serine deaminase activity is present in E. coli extracts in physiologically significant amounts. PMID- 7011506 TI - Identification and quantitation of elongation factor EF-P in Escherichia coli cell-free extracts. AB - EF-P, an elongation factor that stimulates peptide bond synthesis in vitro with some aminoacyl-tRNAs, has been identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the cellular content at three points in the growth curve has been measured. The molecular weight of EF-P is estimated to be 21 000. EF-P is a slightly acidic protein whose isoelectric point is close to RNA polymerase subunit alpha. The amount of EF-P present in Escherichia coli is about 1/10th that of EF-G and the level is independent of the stage of cell growth; there is about one EF-P per 10 ribosomes. It is also shown that a highly purified preparation of EF-P is free of all known protein synthesis factors and ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7011507 TI - Two conductance mechanisms activated by applications of L-glutamic, L-aspartic, DL-homocysteic, N-methyl-D-aspartic, and DL-kainic acids to cultured mammalian central neurones. AB - Neurones of foetal mouse spinal cord or brain were grown dissociated in tissue culture. Intracellular recordings from single neurones demonstrated two types of conductance changes in response to applications of L-glutamic acid and a number of structurally related compounds. In the presence of 10 mM MgCl2 the responses consisted of an increase in membrane conductance. However, if this divalent cation was kept at ambient concentration a decrease of membrane conductance was also noted (perhaps to potassium ions). Often this decrease in conductance was associated with the appearance of regenerative and spikelike potentials even in the presence of tetrodotoxin. All amino acids tested with the exception of DL kainic acid produced such a change in conductance. It is concluded that at least two distinct conductance mechanisms are linked to excitatory amino acid receptors. PMID- 7011508 TI - The effect of rectal administration of insulin on the short-term treatment of alloxan-diabetic dogs. AB - Six alloxan-diabetic dogs with fasting plasma glucose levels above 200 mg/100 mL were treated with rectal administration of insulin suppositories twice a day for 6--9 days. The effectiveness was compared with that of subcutaneous insulin injections. In three diabetic dogs with fasting plasma glucose levels below 300 mg/100 mL, both insulin suppository at a dose of 20 U (2.3 U/kg) and subcutaneous insulin at a dose of 0.2 U/kg showed a similar effect in reducing fasting glucose levels and daily urinary glucose amounts. In dogs with higher fasting glucose levels, 0.5 U of subcutaneous insulin/kg is less effective in reducing fasting glucose than 50 U (5.2 U/kg) suppositories, in spite of the same effects on daily urinary glucose output. Postprandial glucose responses were significantly lessened with rectal administration of insulin suppositories. The integrated area of increase in peripheral insulin concentration after subcutaneous infection of 0.2 or 0.5 U insulin/kg was significantly greater than that after rectal administration of an insulin suppository (2.3 or 5.2 U/kg, respectively). These results indicate that diabetes could be controlled by the daily rectal administration of an insulin suppository instead of the conventional subcutaneous injection. PMID- 7011509 TI - Role of the pericardium and intact chest wall in the hemodynamic response to positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation. AB - The mechanism for the reduction of both systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output (CO) and for the elevation of intravascular pressure which accompanies positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) remains uncertain. The role of the intact pericardium and the chest wall has not been defined. This study examines cardiac transmural pressure with PEEP (0, 4, 8, and 16 cm H2O) administration in nine closed chest, anesthetized, normovolemic dogs utilizing direct measurements of intrapericardial pressure. The experiment was repeated following pericadiectomy and left thoracotomy. The closed chest dogs exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure and CO without detectable changes in transmural pressure. With combined pericardiectomy and left thoracotomy, the responses of both CO and blood pressure to PEEP were similar to those observed with the chest closed. Absolute right atrial pressures were similar at all levels of PEEP and were independent of the presence of the pericardium and the intact chest wall. The rise in absolute left atrial pressure observed with these structures intact was completely abolished by pericardiectomy and left thoracotomy. Thus the major hemodynamic effects of PEEP, namely changes in blood pressure and CO, cannot be accounted for by changes in transmural pressure or influences from the intact chest wall and pericardium. PMID- 7011510 TI - Comparison of selective media for the enumeration and identification of fecal streptococci from natural sources. AB - Five media and procedures were compared for their recovery of fecal streptococci on membrane filters. Growth and numbers of a variety of pure cultures were compared, and recoveries from raw sewage and sewage effluent were determined on the five media. A total of 512 isolates were identified and the specificity of each medium was determined from these results. While KE agar recovered significantly higher numbers of organisms, only 81% of the positive colonies were fecal streptococci. Slanetz and Bartley (SB) medium showed similarly low specificity and the mE procedure gave low recoveries. Best overall results were obtained on mEnterococcus (mEnt) agar with high (91%) specificity for enterococci, and very good recovery efficiency with low background counts. This medium was also the only one demonstrating any appreciable recovery of other fecal streptococci with 93% of the background colonies being confirmed as fecal streptococci which most were Streptococcus bovis, S. equinus, or S. salivarius. Pfizer selective enterococcus (PSE) agar was second in overall performance with a high (94%) rate of specificity but this medium had lower recovery efficiency and high background counts. Performance of PSE agar could be considerably improved, without impairing specificity, by using a total count disregarding esculin hydrolysis. PMID- 7011511 TI - Deposit assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations applied from an aircraft. AB - Deposit assessment after aerial spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) formulations consists of the analysis of the splash of droplets on Kromekote papers and determining the number of bacterial colonies growing on nutrient agar medium Petri dishes. However, neither of these two methods provides a number of spores deposited although this figure is essential to determine treatment efficiency. Both methods are evaluated with regard to this need and a new approach is suggested. PMID- 7011512 TI - An estuarine agar medium for enumeration of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria associated with water, sediment, and shellfish. AB - A plate count agar was formulated for use in bacteriological analysis of estuarine samples and was tested together with standard plate count agar and an estuarine salts yeast extract agar for growth of aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in water, sediment, and oysters. The estuarine agar was found to be efficient for enumerating aerobic, heterotrophic bacterial populations of water, sediment, and oysters, and is recommended for plate counts of estuarine samples. PMID- 7011514 TI - Dependence of extracellular chitinase activity of Serratia marcescens QMB1466 on continuous culture dilution rate. PMID- 7011515 TI - The Anderson--Baird-Parker direct plating method versus the most probable number procedure for enumerating Escherichia coli in meats. AB - Comparison of the Anderson--Baird-Parker direct plating method (DP) and the North American most probable number procedure (MPN) for enumerating Escherichia coli in frozen meats revealed that the DP method is more precise and yields higher counts of E. coli than the MPN procedure. Any of three brands of membrane filters tested was suitable for use in the DP method. PMID- 7011513 TI - Morphological commitment in Candida albicans. AB - Stationary phase yeast cells of the dimorphic fungus albicans can reinitiate growth under appropriate conditions either as yeasts through bud formation or as hyphae through germ tube formation and elongation. Stationary phase yeast cells resuspended in fresh medium at 37 degrees C form germ tubes and those resuspended at 25 degrees C form buds. Temperature shift experiments have been used to observe when cells become committed to germ tube formation and yeast budding growth under conditions favorable to each form. The two commitment processes appear to be independent and, once initiated, occur at characteristic rates with commitment to germ tube formation preceding commitment to yeast bud formation. The rate of commitment to germ tube formation was consistent with a random process or first-order kinetics. A relationship between cell volume and commitment to yeast growth and bud emergence was consistent with observations of cell volume distribution both in stationary phase cultures and between budded and unbudded cells during resumption of growth at 25 degrees C. PMID- 7011516 TI - Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). AB - Turks of 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass reestablished in the greenhouse and inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (W6) showed significantly increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) compared with control turfs. Mean ethylene production rates per pot were 368 nmol h-1 for K. pneumoniae treated turfs, 55 nmol h-1 for heat killed K. pneumoniae treated turfs, and 44 nmol h-1 for untreated turfs. Calculated lag periods before activity was observed were generally very short (less than 1 h). When 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass was grown from seed on soil-less medium of Turface, a fired aggregate clay, inoculation with K. pneumoniae (W6) resulted in 9 of 11 turfs showing nitrogenase activity (mean ethylene production rate per pot was 195 nmol h-1). Only 3 of 11 turfs treated with heat-killed K. pneumoniae showed any activity and their mean rate of ethylene production (40 nmol h-1 per pot) was significantly lower than that for turfs treated with K. pneumoniae. Using the 'Park'--Turface soil-less model system it was shown that acetylene reducing activity was (i) root associated, (ii) generally highest at a depth of 1--4 cm below the surface, (iii) enhanced by washing excised roots, and (iv) inhibited by surface sterilization of excised roots. Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from Turface and roots showing acetylene reducing activity. PMID- 7011517 TI - Type I nitroreductases of Escherichia coli. AB - Analysis of partially purified crude extract of Escherichia coli K12 by chromatography and gel electrophoresis has resulted in the separation of three distinct activities which catalyse the reduction of nitrofurazone (semicarbazone of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde) in the presence of oxygen (type I nitroreductases). The major enzymatic activity (type IA), which was dependent solely on NADPH as a cofactor, was absent from nitrofurazone-resistant strains NFR 402 and NFR 502, but present in SIL 41, a strain which is only marginally resistant to the nitrofuran. The remaining nitroreductase activities (IB1 and IB2) utilize either NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. These activities coelute from DEAE-cellulose at pH 7.2, but may be differentiated by their behaviour on CM-cellulose at pH 5.8. The reductase activity missing in SIL 41 was observed in extracts of strain NFR 402 but not NFR 502. This enzyme (IB1) though retained by DEAE-cellulose had no affinity for CM-cellulose. The only reductase present in extracts of NFR 502 (a nitrofuran-resistant strain selected after two mutational events) was type IB2. This activity, also detectable in SIL 41 and NFR 402, has not been mapped genetically. An interesting feature of the type IB2 enzyme is its apparent inactivation by MnCl2 which has been routinely used as a partial purification step in the past. PMID- 7011518 TI - [Taxonomic study of enterobacteria belonging or related to Escherichia coli species]. AB - Phenetic (numerical analysis) and genetic (DNA-DNA hybridization) studies were carried out on strains belonging or related to the species Escherichia coli. They have shown the diversity of its phenotypes, by the presence of plasmidic characters (citrate+, urease+, H2S+, tetrathionate reductase+, raffinose+, and saccharose+). New strains related phenetically to E. coli are also individualized. They showed less than 30% DNA relatedness with E. coli. A new definition of E. coli is presented. PMID- 7011519 TI - Genetic studies of H group plasmids by bacteriophage P1 transduction. AB - Bacteriophage P1 transduction was used to study the incompatibility group H1 plasmid pRG1251, molecular weight 120 x 10(6), and the incompatibility group H2 plasmid pSD114, molecular weight 166 x 10(6). The order of resistance (R) determinants on pSD114 was deduced from transduction and segregation experiments to be chloramphenicol-tetracycline-kanamycin-streptomycin. Resistance to tellurium and to coliphages, which are properties also encoded by many H2 plasmids, were not transduced with the other markers. On pRG1251, the ampicillin and tetracycline resistance markers appear to be located together, as do the chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole resistance markers. Frequently, blocks of R determinants were transposed to the P1 genome or to the Escherichia coli chromosome. P1 DNA was isolated which carried the chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole markers from pRG1251 and had a molecular weight of 64 x 10(6). Other P1 prophages carried R determinants from pSD114 and had molecular weights of 86 x 10(6). A plasmid of molecular weight 124 x 10(6) was also isolated which contained incompatibility determinants from P1 (incompatibility group Y) and from the H2 group plasmid. The mechanism of formation of these unusual plasmid species is discussed. PMID- 7011520 TI - Intrinsic limitations on the continued production of the antibiotic patulin by Penicillium urticae. AB - The initial cause of the cessation of patulin biosynthesis in submerged cultures of Penicillium urticae was sought. The extrinsic limitations to patulin biosynthesis in fermentor cultures were successfully removed and kinetic profiles of the metabolites of the pathway and of three pathway enzymes were determined over a 60-h period. These profiles indicated that the first intrinsic limitation involved a decrease in the cellular content of the first enzyme of the pathway, 6 methylsalicylic acid synthetase. Other enzyme contents also decreased but on a significantly longer time scale. Thus the in vivo half-maximal lifetimes for the synthetase and for the m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and isoepoxydon dehydrogenases were about 7, 17, and 19 h, respectively. PMID- 7011521 TI - Isolation and characterization of hemin-permeable, envelope-defective mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - From Salmonella typhimurium LT2 hemA (delta-aminolevulinic acid requiring) 15 mutants were isolated which grew on the hydrophobic compound hemin. All had increased sensitivity to antibiotics such as vancomycin, bacitracin, novobiocin, erythromycin, rifampin, and oleandomycin, and were considered to be envelope mutants (Env-). Half the mutants were rough , based on altered bacteriophage sensitivity and deoxycholate sensitivity, whereas the remainder were smooth; three of the smooth mutants were studied in detail. They gave increased uptake of gentian violet but no increase in leakage of a periplasmic protein, RNase I. The total membranes and fractions from sucrose gradient centrifugations representing inner and outer membranes of the wild type and three mutants were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focussing - PAGE (IEF-PAGE). The major outer membrane proteins (molecular weights (MW)33 000, 34 000, 35 000, and 36 000) showed no or very little alterations in the Env- mutants. In SA1926 (env-52) one protein spot at MW 48 000, proven to be an outer membrane protein, was missing, whereas a new spot appeared nearby, and other proteins in this area of the gel were reduced. An Env+ transductant selected from this strain had the wild-type protein pattern restored. The two other Env- mutants had similar but not identical changes in protein composition. PMID- 7011522 TI - Corrosion of mild and stainless steel by four tropical Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strains. AB - The corrosion potential of four tropical Desulfovibrio desulfuricans isolates was determined using a semicontinuous batch culture technique in a 56-day test incubated at 37 degrees C. The corrosion potentials for mild and stainless steel of marine or brackish water isolates (0.55 and 0.0026 mg cm-2 day-1) were observed to be approximately twice those of freshwater isolates (0.23 and 0.0014 mg cm-2 day-1). Under comparable experimental conditions of severe anaerobic corrosion, stainless steel was found to be over 200 times more resistant than mild steel. PMID- 7011523 TI - CSF electrophoresis in one thousand patients. AB - Agarose and/or cellulose acetate electrophoresis was performed on the CSF of one thousand patients. In patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (N = 267) 92.8% had oligoclonal banding (O.B.). In patients with possible MS (N = 283) O.B. was present in 31.1%. In patients with other neurological diseases (N = 450) O.B. was present in 8% (N = 36). Nineteen non-MS patients with positive O.B. had serum bands or disorders known to be associated with local immune response. The remaining 17 patients had no explanation for the oligoclonal banding. In the majority of these MS had not been a diagnostic consideration. CSF electrophoresis is the single most reliable laboratory test in multiple sclerosis and deserves incorporation into the diagnostic criteria for the disease. PMID- 7011524 TI - Friedreich's ataxia and oral glucose tolerance: I. The effect of ingested glucose on serum glucose and insulin values in homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene. AB - Glucose tolerance and insulin release were evaluated in 16 families with Friedrich's ataxia. Impaired glucose tolerance differed in incidence according to the method of evaluation, but was increased in number in parents and siblings of Friedreich's cases. Insulin output was not quantitatively different from normal, although the insulin peak was often delayed. This finding, in association with impaired glucose tolerance, suggest a defect in glucose entry into cells. PMID- 7011525 TI - Canadian medical periodicals on microfiche. PMID- 7011526 TI - Estimated benefits and risks of screening for breast cancer. AB - A controlled randomized trial of breast cancer screening has been initiated in Canada. This paper presents an analysis of the possible benefit from screening relative to the possible radiation risk from mammography for those women who will be screened in the trial. It shows that with modern low-dose mammography, even when a conservative estimate of possible reduction in mortality due to early detection is applied to the data, the estimated benefit substantially exceeds any possible hazard. PMID- 7011527 TI - Rabelais' coarse humour was therapy for his patients. PMID- 7011528 TI - Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar disc protrusion. PMID- 7011530 TI - Chemonucleolysis for relief of sciatica due to a herniated intervertebral disc. AB - Chemonucleolysis is the nonoperative chemical removal of displaced lumbar disc material. The enzyme chymopapain, which has a wide margin of safety between its effective therapeutic and toxic doses, is effective in the management of sciatica due to a herniated intervertebral disc. The patient will have leg pain as the dominant symptom and a 50% reduction in straight-leg raising with or without bowstring discomfort and crossover pain. Neurologic symptoms and signs are usual, as are abnormal results of contrast studies, which will verify the level of involvement. In 220 randomly selected patients who met criteria for the diagnosis of sciatica due to a herniated intervertebral disc and did not have psychogenic or nonorganic spinal pain, a spinal stenosis or a history of a previous, unsuccessful operation to relieve the sciatica, chemonucleolysis had a success rate of 80%. The only complications were a severe anaphylactic reaction in two patients and lesser, delayed reactions in five others. All of the reactions were successfully treated. Of the 45 patients in whom chemonucleolysis was unsuccessful, 38 underwent a laminectomy. In 3 of the 38 the results of chemonucleolysis were initially good, but later the disc herniation recurred; thus, the long-term treatment failure rate was 1.4%. PMID- 7011529 TI - Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Graves' ophthalmopathy usually occurs in association with hyperthyroidism. Its occasional occurrence in the absence of thyroid disease suggests, however, that it may be a separate autoimmune disorder. While the evidence supporting an autoimmune pathogenesis is considerable for the ophthalmopathy, it is not so impressive as that for Graves' hyperthyroidism: orbital antibodies have not been convincingly demonstrated and autoantigens have not been identified. On the other hand, in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy the orbital tissues and eye muscle membranes are infiltrated with lymphoid cells and show evidence of cell-mediated immune reactions. Although there is some evidence that binding of thyroid stimulating hormone fragments and thyroglobulin-antithyroglobulin immune complexes to eye muscle membranes may be important in the pathogenesis of the ophthalmopathy, this needs to be confirmed. The mechanism for the association of hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy is unknown, but the association likely reflects an influence of thyroid hormones on the immune system. In view of the autoimmune pathogenesis the logical treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy appears to be immunosuppression. PMID- 7011531 TI - Comparison of prednisolone, vincristine, methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine vs. 6 mercaptopurine and prednisone maintenance therapy in childhood acute leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - The study was designed to compare the relapse rate and toxicity of intermittent prednisone, oncovin (vincristine), methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine (POMP) vs. 6-mercaptopurine daily and a prednisone pulse every three months (PIP) for maintenance therapy in acute leukemia. Children with acute lymphoblastic, acute undifferentiated, or acute stem-cell leukemia were stratified on the basis of initial leukocyte count and age, then randomly assigned to POMP or PIP maintenance therapy. All patients received cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. Of the 67 patients receiving POMP maintenance, 20(30%) remain in continuous remission. The median length of continuous remission achieved with POMP therapy was 49 weeks. Of 80 patients receiving PIP maintenance, 25(31%) remain in remission. The median length of continuous remission for PIP was 62 weeks. Of the possible prognostic factors evaluated, the only significant factor was the prognostic grouping base in age and initial leukocyte regimen was associated with a higher incidence of toxic reactions, frequently causing therapy interruption. The results for both regimens as studied are inferior to those for 6-mercaptopurine methotrexate maintenance regimens as reported by others. PMID- 7011532 TI - Characterization of a murine ovarian reticulum cell sarcoma of histiocytic origin. AB - We have studied the M5076 tumor, a transplantable murine reticulum cell sarcoma that arose spontaneously in the ovary of a C57BL/6 mouse. This tumor displays functional and ultrastructural characteristics indicating that it is of macrophage origin. Cells from the M5076 tumor are phagocytic, form rosettes with sheep red blood cells, mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, and display macrophage-like cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumor target cells but do not exhibit any natural killer cell activity. The tumor cells possess lysozyme, nonspecific esterase, and phosphatase activities comparable to that seen in rodent macrophages. Ultrastructural examination revealed phagocytic vacuoles and a lack of tight junctions typical of macrophage morphology. Karyotype analysis showed that M5076 tumor cells are hypodiploid with a high percentage (greater than 80%) of metacentric chromosomes that serve as an excellent marker for identification of these tumor cells. PMID- 7011533 TI - Metastatic behavior of a murine reticulum cell sarcoma exhibiting organ-specific growth. AB - The metastatic properties of the M5076 tumor, a reticulum cell sarcoma of ovarian origin, were examined. This tumor metastasizes preferentially to the peritoneal viscera (liver, ovaries, spleen, and kidneys) regardless of the site or route of tumor cell injection. Subcutaneous tumor growth followed by direct invasion into the peritoneum resulted in extensive generalized peritoneal involvement. However, when tumor cells were injected in the dorsum, external ear, or footpad, fewer and primarily hepatic metastases developed. Hepatic, splenic, ovarian, and renal tumor colonies were formed after i.v. injection of tumor cells. Radiolabeled tumor cells were used to study the arrest, distribution, and survival of tumor cells injected i.v. These tumor cells were rapidly arrested in the lungs and were retained there for 3 to 4 days. They then slowly detached, recirculated, and were arrested in the liver, where they subsequently developed into tumor nodules. These results strongly support the "soil-seed" hypothesis of metastatic growth and demonstrate that long-term retention of tumor cells in an organ need not result in the formation of a clinically obvious tumor nodule. PMID- 7011534 TI - Altered steroid delta(4)-reductase activity in mammary tumor-bearing rats. AB - The effect of mammary tumors on steroid delta(4)-reductase activity was investigated using in vitro and in vivo studies in three transplantable rat mammary tumors. Steroid delta(4)-5 alpha-reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically and was significantly decreased in the host livers from R323OAC and MT/W9a-B but was increased in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced No. 14 tumor-bearing rats. There were no significant alterations of 5 beta reductase activity in all animals investigated. In vivo studies using [14C]testosterone showed a similar pattern for saturation of the 4,5-double bond but that the more than doubled increase in 4,5-reduced metabolites observed in the in vivo studies in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumor-bearing rats cannot be explained by the increase observed in hepatic enzyme activity. Incubations with mammary tumor tissues showed that 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced tumors have a very active delta(4)-5 alpha-reductase enzyme which accounts for the observed increases in in vivo results. The surgical removal of the tumor abolishes the impairment in delta(4)-reductase activity. PMID- 7011535 TI - Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of L1210 leukemic mice with antigenic tumor sublines. AB - Tumor cells, treated in vivo with anticancer compounds, may acquire new antigenic specificities in addition to any original antigens associated with parental tumors. Treatment of mice carrying the parental leukemias L1210 Ha or L1210 Cr with leukemia cells antigenically altered by treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (L1210 Ha/DTIC and L1210 Cr/DTIC, respectively) was essentially ineffective in prolonging the life span of the animals. However, synergic therapeutic activity was exhibited by administration of L1210 Ha/DTIC cells plus 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of the moderately immunogenic L1210 Ha leukemia and by the combination of L1210 Cr/DTIC cells and lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC administered with 1,3-lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC administered with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of the low immunogenic L1210 Cr leukemia. Early and advanced L1210 Cr-bearing mice showed marked increases in survival time and a significant number of tumor-free survivors on treatment with cyclophosphamide followed by transfer of lymphocytes immune to L1210 Cr/DTIC cells. When parental tumor cells were used as the immunogen, the therapeutic effect was diminished. Thus, in the current investigation, although immunotherapy per se was essentially ineffective, the immunochemotherapeutic modalities used were successful in markedly increasing the survival time of leukemic animals and resulted in an incidence of cures. PMID- 7011536 TI - Distinction of the phenotypes of in vitro anchorage-independent soft-agar growth and in vivo tumorigenicity in the nude mouse. AB - The growth characteristics of LT-2 cells, an epithelial squamous cell carcinoma, clearly separate the phenotypes of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumor formation in vivo. LT-2 readily grows and forms tumor nodules in the nude mouse but does not proliferate anchorage independently in soft agar. This distinction is confirmed by the observation that cells explanted from nude mouse tumor nodules and cultured in vitro still do not clone in soft agar. The human origin of tumor nodule cells was confirmed by karyotyping. LT-2 cells have an aneuploid karyotype which has persisted for 4.5 years in culture with considerable variation in chromosomal number. Passage through the nude mouse did not select for any "tumor" clone since marked chromosomal variation was still noted by cells explanted from tumor nodules. Tumor cells formed a well differentiated skin with keratin formation in the nude mouse despite wide karotypic variations of cells and years of in vitro culture. Strict monolayer growth was noted by LT-2 cells when grown in culture flasks and also by cells explanted from tumor nodules, indicating that monolayer growth and nude mouse tumorigenicity are also separate phenotypes. PMID- 7011537 TI - Laminin, a noncollagenous component of epithelial basement membranes synthesized by a rat yolk sac tumor. AB - Laminin, a glycoprotein antigenically similar or identical to a component of epithelial basement membranes, was identified as a major component of the abundant extracellular matrix synthesized by an experimentally induced rat yolk sac tumor. Immunocytochemical staining revealed laminin in cultured tumor cells as well as in their extracellular matrix. The presence of soluble laminin in the culture media of the tumor cells was demonstrated using metabolic labeling followed by identification by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This revealed two polypeptides with molecular weights of approximately 200,000 and 400,000. These comigrated with the polypeptides of mouse laminin isolated previously. The yolk sac tumor tissue grown in vivo contained laminin in the tumor cells and in the extracellular material as evidenced by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. Immunization with the tumor matrix resulted in an antiserum that contained antilaminin and natifibronectin and was made specific for laminin by absorption with fibronectin. This antiserum precipitated laminin polypeptides from culture medium of yolk sac tumour cells and stained basement membranes in rat tissues in a manner indistinguishable from antilaminin. The presence of laminin in rat yolk sac cells, the presumed origin of our yolk sac tumor, was studied in some detail. Laminin was found to be present in normal cells of the visceral as well as the parietal yolk sac layer and in their basement membranes suggesting, but not proving, that both types of cells have ability to synthesize laminin. Production of laminin and the presence of laminin-containing basement membrane material may be important for the biological behavior of the yolk sac tumor. This tumor will also be a useful source of laminin for chemical and biological characterization of this basement membrane protein. PMID- 7011538 TI - Coronary risk factors in children. AB - Arteriosclerosis and its complications are the leading cause of death in American adults today. There is ample evidence to show that the pathologic process begins process begins in childhood. In addition, coronary risk factors can be identified in childhood and may be maintained to some degree into adulthood. Thus, prevention should logically begin in the childhood years. A small reduction of serum cholesterol levels in all children by a modest change in diet has the potential for reducing coronary risk. More severe dietary restriction, in some cases in conjunction with medication, is recommended for high-risk pediatric populations only. In addition, surveillance of blood pressure, avoidance of cigarette smoking, weight control, and a program of regular physical exercise are prudent recommendations for all children. PMID- 7011539 TI - Hypertension in children. PMID- 7011540 TI - Oxygen transport in congenital heart disease. PMID- 7011542 TI - Echocardiography in pediatric patients. PMID- 7011541 TI - Quantitative structural analysis of the pulmonary vascular bed in congenital heart defects. PMID- 7011543 TI - Exercise testing in normal individuals and patients with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7011544 TI - Pediatric nuclear cardiology. PMID- 7011545 TI - Axial cineangiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 7011546 TI - New aspects of management of congestive heart failure. PMID- 7011548 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: surgical considerations. PMID- 7011547 TI - Neonatal manipulation: patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7011549 TI - Cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children. PMID- 7011550 TI - Syndromes associated with cardiac defects. PMID- 7011552 TI - Surgical treatment of acute complications of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7011551 TI - Early recognition of ventricular dysfunction in valvular heart disease. PMID- 7011553 TI - Clinical methods for assessment of myocardial infarct size. PMID- 7011554 TI - Clinical interventions for the preservation of ischemic myocardium. AB - The clinical understanding of determinants of mechanical function and oxygen requirements of the myocardium have now been applied to the patient with acute myocardial infarction. Invasive and noninvasive techniques to quantitate afterload, contractile state, preload, and heart rate as well as to assess the metabolic state and infarct size are now available to evaluate a growing list of therapeutic interventions. Thus, the availability of pharmacologic and metabolic agents to support ischemic myocardium and to reduce the eventual loss of contracting myocardium appears promising to the patient with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7011555 TI - Management of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7011556 TI - Treatment of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7011557 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: rationale, application and results. AB - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is an effective means of reducing myocardial ischemia and supporting the failing circulation. Its therapeutic benefits are the direct result of distolic augmentation and systolic unloading, the former increasing myocardial perfusion and the latter enhancing cardiac performance. Indirect effect include diminution of ischemia by decrease in the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand and improved ventricular function secondary to the decreased ischemia. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is indicated in clinical syndromes related to intractable cardiac ischemia, including myocardial infarction shock and severe left ventricular failure, refractory ischemic pains, and ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to medical management. It is also of importance in other situations associated with low cardiac output. This therapeutic modality has recently been considered for early use in extensive myocardial infarction to limit cardiac damage and avert complications. Recent technical advances have facilitated the ease and safety of application of intra-aorta balloon counterpulsation. Complication are of low frequency but can be serious and employment of the method is predicated upon consideration of both potential benefits and risks. PMID- 7011558 TI - Recognition and treatment of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7011559 TI - Aorta elasticae and tendon collagen reactivity to 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphate (ANS) and dansylchloride. PMID- 7011560 TI - [70th birthday of Dr. Bohumil Spacek]. PMID- 7011561 TI - [Automatic diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011562 TI - [Pharmacy history at the School of Pharmacy at Charles University]. PMID- 7011563 TI - [Kallikrein excretion in patients with a kidney allotransplant]. PMID- 7011565 TI - Glucose insulin potassium (GIK) in treatment of congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7011564 TI - Structural alterations of tapetal cells in the retina of cats induced by prolonged treatment with chloroquine. AB - Cats were treated with high doses of chloroquine for one year during which the ocular fundus was periodically examined. After completion of the treatment, the tapetal cells were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Prolonged treatment with the retinotoxic drug chloroquine reduced the light reflection of the fundus, and examination by light and electron microscopy revealed a destruction of the rod-like structures in the cytoplasm of the tapetal cells. PMID- 7011566 TI - The first description of idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura and onyalai in Southern Africa? PMID- 7011567 TI - Genetic control of the SOS system in E. coli. PMID- 7011568 TI - Incompatibility properties of Col E1 and pMB1 derivative plasmids: random replication of multicopy replicons. AB - The incompatibility properties of Col E1-like plasmids have been examined in Rec+ and RecA- bacteria. Two Col E1- (or two pMB1-) derivative plasmids coreplicated in the same clone for many cell doublings, irrespective of the rec genotype of host bacteria. Their kinetics of segregation were found to be consistent with models that assume a random choice of template molecule for each plasmid replication event, but with models based on a single (master) template molecule per cell. In contrast, minimal coreplication of a Col E1- and a pMB1-derivative plasmid occurred, with the latter type rapidly excluding the former. We suggest here that the pMB1 derivatives, pMB9 and pBR322, are less sensitive than Col E1 derivatives to the putative inhibitor that regulates plasmid replication, due to base sequence differences in their target for the inhibitor, and consider one mechanism whereby the duplication of Col E1-like plasmids might be regulated. PMID- 7011569 TI - Transfer RNA processing enzymes. PMID- 7011570 TI - Suppressor mutations that restore export of a protein with a defective signal sequence. AB - A selection procedure is described that should allow the genetic identification of cellular components involved in the process of protein localization in Escherichia coli. This procedure makes use of mutations that alter the signal sequence of the lambda receptor protein (product of the lamB gene), and prevent export of this protein to its normal outer membrane location. Several suppressor mutations have been identified that restore export of the mutant lambda receptor protein. Mapping experiments show that the suppressor phenotype is the result of mutations in any of at least three different chromosomal loci. One class of suppressor mutations, the class containing the largest number of independent isolates, maps in the major ribosomal gene cluster, suggesting that the suppressor phenotype is the consequence of an altered ribosomal protein. This class of suppressors phenotypically suppresses all known export-defective mutations, internal to the signal sequence region of the lamB gene. These results suggest that ribosomes play an important role in the export of lambda receptor to the outer membrane. PMID- 7011572 TI - Deregulation of mouse antibody-forming cells by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE). IV. Fractionation of a T-cell subpopulation which generates SPE-induced deregulation of anti-TNP PFC responses. PMID- 7011573 TI - Enduring allogeneic marrow engraftment via nonspecific bone-marrow-derived regulating factors (MRF). PMID- 7011571 TI - Studies on the development of background plaque-forming cells. PMID- 7011575 TI - Immunogenicity of allograft components. I. Assay for immunogenicity. PMID- 7011574 TI - Studies on the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of thioglycollate-stimulated and BCG-activated peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7011578 TI - [Facial mycoses (tinea faciei) reminiscent of L. erythematosus. Comments on possibilities of immunohistological differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011579 TI - [Immunology in dermatophytoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011576 TI - Studies on the resistance to tolerance induction against human IgG in DDD mice. IV. Transient tolerant state of T-cell precursors in bone marrow. PMID- 7011577 TI - Effects of antibodies to MHC gene products on different Fc-receptor-mediated cell functions. PMID- 7011580 TI - [Side-effects of drugs on the digestive system in old age]. PMID- 7011581 TI - [Prognosis for drug utilization during the 7th 5-year-plan and the long-term perspective to 1995 as elaborated by the Delphi technic]. PMID- 7011583 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for phenobarbital. PMID- 7011582 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on the amine-nitrite and nitrosamine mutagenicity in bacteria injected into mice. AB - Ascorbic acid was tested for its ability to increase or decrease the induction of bacterial mutations by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or aminopyrine plus nitrite within intact mice. No evidence was found of the mutagenicity of ascorbic acid itself when tested alone or in the presence of copper ions. Similarly, no increase or decrease in the DMN-induced mutation frequency was observed. However, ascorbic acid was found to decrease the aminopyrine/nitrite-induced mutation frequency to an extent which was dependent on the experimental conditions used. PMID- 7011584 TI - [The Clinic of Ophthalmology of the Hotel-Dieu after 100 years]. PMID- 7011585 TI - [Section of the lacrimal canaliculi. Therapeutic principles and results]. PMID- 7011586 TI - [Trial of improvement in dazzle resistance by the instillation of Correctol eyedrops]. PMID- 7011587 TI - Evaluation of the commercial bacterial air samplers by the new bacterial aerosol generator. AB - Of late microbiological air samplers of various types have been developed in monitoring the critical areas in the hospitals and pharmaceutical plants. It has not been clarified, however, that a commercial air sampler is the most suitable for such a purpose. The present studies were conducted to investigate the bacterial collection efficiency of these air samplers. The new experimental apparatus basically consists of a bacterial aerosol generator and an isokinetic sampling steel air duct. Serratia marcescens was used as the test bacteria, and then the bacterial collection efficiency of the three kinds of commercial air samplers (Andersen air sampler, Pin-hole air sampler and M/G air sampler) was examined. It was found that in these experiments these three air samplers had a high bacterial collection efficiency. All except 0.3 to 2.0% of the small bacterial particles (1 to 5 micrometer) were trapped by these tested air samplers. Furthermore, in these three air samplers it was also confirmed that for collecting the hospital airborne bacteria the bacterial collection efficiency was more than 99.9%. The authors' findings showed that these three air samplers were designed according to Ranz and Wong's theoretical and experimental results. PMID- 7011588 TI - Pyrimethamine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum: determination in vitro by a modified 48-hour test. AB - Four strains of Plasmodium falciparum recently isolated in culture were assessed in vitro for their response to pyrimethamine. A simple modified 48-hour test was used, which showed two strains to be sensitive to the drug in vitro, while the other two were resistant at a very high level. In the two strains for which relevant clinical information was available the in vivo response to pyrimethamine was corroborated by the in vitro findings. This modified 48-hour test is thus useful for determining patterns of drug sensitivity in laboratory-adapted strains, and would be a valuable asset if found to be equally applicable under field conditions. PMID- 7011590 TI - Control of rat renal vascular resistance at reduced perfusion pressure. PMID- 7011589 TI - Protein synthesis and degradation in cardiac stress. PMID- 7011591 TI - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Coronary Artery Surgery Study. A multicenter comparison of the effects of randomized medical and surgical treatment of mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease, and a registry of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. PMID- 7011593 TI - Cancer risks of medical treatment. Part I: Monitoring for drug safety and efficacy. PMID- 7011592 TI - Biological function of cholinesterase. PMID- 7011594 TI - Miniaturized technique for the rapid extraction of plasma glucagon for radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7011595 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for a high molecular mass tubular antigen in urine--its application for early detection of tubular damage. AB - In order to isolate urinary kidney antigens, the gammaglobulins fraction of an antiserum against human kidney cortex plasma membranes was coupled to Sepharose 4B. By immunospecific affinity chromatography an antigen fraction was obtained from the urine of a patient suffering from severe kidney disease. After gel filtration, the main fraction, eluted with the exclusion volume of a Sephadex G 200 column and enriched 16 000-fold, was labelled with 131I and used in a radioimmunoassay system. Soluble kidney antigens, presumably of proximal tubular origin, could be detected and quantified by the assay system in urine samples of patients with various diseases. The samples did not need to be treated, either concentrated or dialyzed, before application. The results of our experiments show a correlation between antigen excretion and kidney damage. Rejection episodes in patients with kidney transplants could be recognized early by enhanced antigen excretion. Potentially nephrotoxic drugs caused antigen excretion as well. In normal, healthy subjects output of the antigen was very low. The assay system might be of value for monitoring renal diseases. PMID- 7011596 TI - Effects of cyproheptadine on insulin-induced hypoglycaemia secretion of PRL, GH and cortisol. AB - The effect of cyproheptadine hydrochloride on release of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was investigated in a group of eight adult female and male subjects. The results of this study demonstrated that cyproheptadine does not influence the release of these three hormones under the conditions employed in this study. The conflicting observation concerning the action of cyproheptadine on pituitary function as reported in the literature, may be a reflection of the diversity of pharmacological actions of this drug. Thus, any purported influence this drug might have on pituitary hormonal release should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7011597 TI - Lack of effect of intravenous LHRH on plasma noradrenaline in man. AB - One hundred microgram of LHRH was given intravenously to two male and two female subjects. Plasma noradrenaline did not change following LHRH, in contrast to findings reported by others. There was no change in heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure. LH increased significantly as expected. PMID- 7011598 TI - Pituitary surgery for endocrine disorders. AB - The use of pituitary surgery for patients with over-production of growth hormone, corticotrophin and prolactin is reviewed. The value of specialized neuroradiological techniques is discussed including computerized tomography, air encephalography and cavernous sinus venography. The indications for transcranial as opposed to trans-sphenoidal surgery are considered. The place of trans sphenoid surgery in the treatment of acromegaly is emphasized and the indications for surgical treatment are reviewed. The two syndromes due to over-production of ACTH are considered--Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. The increasing use of pituitary surgery for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome due to increased ACTH production is noted, but a warning is given about the small ACTH-secreting pulmonary carcinoid tumour that may closely mimic Cushing's disease. The difficulties encountered in trying to treat patients with Nelson's syndrome are stressed. It is recommended that in the rate case where total adrenalectomy is required in Cushing's disease, pituitary irradiation should be given before or shortly after adrenalectomy. The present position relating to the surgical treatment of the small prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour is reviewed. Published data and personal experience suggests that for many of these patients, treatment with bromocriptine is preferable to trans-sphenoidal surgery. Large prolactinomas usually need transfrontal surgery and X-ray therapy, sometimes followed by bromocriptine treatment. The need for steroid cover for pituitary surgery is discussed and it is suggested that a glucocorticoid with less salt retaining action than cortisol should be used. The importance of post-operative endocrine assessment is emphasized and a convenient method suggested. The incidence of complications after transsphenoidal surgery is low, although panhypopituitarism occurred in 14% of the cases reported. PMID- 7011599 TI - [Humoral control of gastrointestinal motility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011601 TI - Thyroid emergencies. PMID- 7011600 TI - [Enteroinsular axis and neuroregulatory mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011602 TI - Lactic acidosis: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7011603 TI - Endocrine emergencies in pregnancy. PMID- 7011604 TI - Neonatal endocrine and metabolic emergencies. PMID- 7011605 TI - Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia. PMID- 7011606 TI - Immunopathological aspects of Plasmodium berghei infection in five strains of mice. I. Immune complexes and other serological features during the infection. AB - The development of circulating immune complexes was studied in mice of the BALB/c, A/J, OF1, CBA and C57B1 strains infected with P. berghei. Complexes were evaluated in relation to levels of parasitaemia, soluble antigen, specific antibody and C3. Susceptibility to infection was greatest in BALB/c, A/J and OF/a mice. The maximum parasitaemia was 30% in CBA and 70% in all other strains. Levels of soluble antigen paralleled those of parasitaemia. Specific antibody was detected in all strains, but the titre continued to rise throughout the infection only in CBA mice. Circulating immune complexes occurred in mice of all strains from day 6; the level fell after day 9 in C57B1 whereas it was maintained in CBA mice. The development of immune complexes was associated with marked depression of C3 levels in all except CBA mice, in which a transient reduction was followed by recovery. Partial characterization of the complexes showed that IgM-containing complexes appeared earliest and reached highest levels in BALB/c mice while in CBA mice, IgM complexes were found in lesser amounts and the level fell in late infection. IgG complexes rose throughout infection in CBA and fell in later stages in BALB/c and C57B1 mice. In nude BALB/c mice, immune complexes were usually not detectable and only low levels of antibody of IgM class were produced. Differences in mortality pattern could not be related to any single serological factor. PMID- 7011607 TI - Immunopathological aspects of Plasmodium berghei infection in five strains of mice. II. Immunopathology of cerebral and other tissue lesions during the infection. AB - Histological changes during the course of P. berghei infection were investigated in A/J, BALB/c, OF1, CBA and C57B1 mice. The findings were studied in relation to serological aspects (Contreras et al., 1980). High mortality and acute deaths occurred in A/J, BALB/c and OF1 mice and marked cerebral lesions were found in these strains from day 15, including congestion of meningeal and cerebral veins and capillaries, blocking of these vessels by heavily parasitized RBC, cerebral oedema and haemorrhages. Such lesions were minimal in CBA and C57B1 mice, and absent in mice examined 21 and 24 days after infection. Small deposits of IgG and traces of C3 were detected by immunofluorescence in the choroid plexus of most mice from day 9. Renal lesions included congestion, plugging of veins and capillaries, low-grade mononuclear infiltration and mesangial thickening; these changes were most marked in CBA, C57B1 and A/J mice. Glomerular deposits of IgM were present in all strains in the first week of infection. IgG and C3 were detected in the second week, but only traces were found in CBA mice. The livers showed congestion, accumulation of pigment in swollen Kupffer cells and mononuclear portal infiltration; these were most pronounced in A/J mice. In the spleen, there was a great increase in the reticuloendothelial cell population, white pulp proliferation, congestion and accumulation of pigment and plasma cell reaction; the pattern of white pulp expansion varied in the different strains. The results suggest that cerebral lesions play a significant role in the aetiology of acute deaths in this malaria model. PMID- 7011608 TI - Lack of correlation between delayed-type hypersensitivity and host resistance to Plasmodium chabaudi infection. AB - C57B1/6J mice immunized with Plasmodium chabaudi antigen plus saponin exhibited strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to footpad injections of P. chabaudi antigen. However, when immunized mice were challenged with P. chabaudi parasites, DTH was significantly depressed after 3 days of infection. This DTH depression coincided with a steep rise in the titre of malarial antibody in these immunized challenged mice when compared to unchallenged immunized mice. Serum from mice recovering from P. chabaudi infection depressed DTH levels of immunized mice significantly, but spleen cells from convalescent mice only slightly reduced the DTH levels. These results are discussed with respect to the role of cell mediated immunity in malaria infections. PMID- 7011609 TI - Two distinct types of non-specific immunosuppression in murine malaria. AB - A comparative study of non-specific immunosuppression by malaria has been carried out in five situations: in both unvaccinated and vaccinated mice infected with the lethal Plasmodium yoelii or the lethal Plasmodium berghei, and in the unvaccinated non-lethal P. yoelii infection. Spleen cells showed a suppressive effect on the normal blastogenic response to mitogens. This suppression was strongest in the mice vaccinated before infection with the lethal P. yoelii and in those infected with non-lethal P. yoelii, suggesting that the suppressive effect did not interfere with recovery. Silica, anti-Thy-1, and indomethacin treatment suggested that this suppression was caused by macrophages. However, the plaque-forming cell response to sheep RBC in vivo was suppressed equally in every case at the peak of the parasitaemia, whereas the suppression of contact sensitivity to oxazolone was strongest in mice with fatal infections. We suggest that different suppressor mechanisms operate in malaria, some being harmful to the host and others possibly beneficial. PMID- 7011610 TI - Cell-mediated immune response during experimental arthritis induced in rats with streptococcal cell walls. AB - Chronic, remittent, erosive arthritis was produced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of cell wall fragments isolated from group A streptococci. Arthritis could be induced in rats which had been immunologically compromised by neonatal thymectomy. Delayed hypersensitivity to cell wall peptidoglycan could not be elicited in these rats, although progressive joint disease was obvious by clinical and radiological measurements. A delayed skin test was elicited with peptidoglycan in non-thymectomized rats at 6 to 14 days after injection of low doses of cell wall fragments. Between 2 to 4 weeks after cell wall injection the skin test could not be elicited and these rats could not be sensitized again with peptidoglycan. After a high dose of cell wall the skin test could not be elicited at any time. These non-thymectomized rats which had been injected with cell walls remained hyporesponsive to peptidoglycan for at least 3 months. Lymphocytes from non-thymectomized cell wall injected rats also showed a non-specific depression of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in vitro, but this function was recovered between 2 to 4 weeks after cell wall injection. We conclude that cell-mediated immunity against bacterial cell wall antigens is not a pathogenetic factor in this experimental model of arthritis. PMID- 7011611 TI - Antibody response to streptococcal cell wall antigens associated with experimental arthritis in rats. AB - The antibody response to group A streptococcal cell wall components was measured in rats during the development of chronic, remittent experimental arthritis. The arthritis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of group A streptococcal cell wall fragments and antibodies were measured by a radioactive antigen-binding assay. Antibodies in serum against both peptidoglycan and A polysaccharide reached maximum levels at 1 or 2 weeks and declined to preimmunization levels by day 63. The kinetics and magnitude of the antibody responses were similar in neonatally thymectomized and non-thymectomized rats. A relationship between chronic joint lesions and anti-peptidoglycan concentration in serum was indicated, since all rats which produced high levels of antibody developed severe chronic arthritis. However, 46% of the rats which produced very low levels of antibody also developed moderate to severe arthritis. There was no correlation between anti-A polysaccharide antibodies and joint disease, although the concentration of this antibody was 10- to 100-fold greater than the anti-peptidoglycan. We conclude that antibody can be a component in the pathogenesis of this experimental model of arthritis, but its role requires further elucidation. PMID- 7011612 TI - Characterization of facteur thymique serique (FTS) in the thymus. I. Fixation of anti-FTS antibodies on thymic reticulo-epithelial cells. AB - Facteur thymique serique (FTS) is a circulating nonapeptide inducing T cell differentiation. Its strict thymus dependency, already shown by its disappearance after thymectomy and its presence in thymus extracts, was confirmed using indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase by the binding to reticulo epithelial cells of an antibody produced against synthetic FTS. The specificity of the reaction was demonstrated by the inhibition of binding observed after preincubating the anti-FTS antibody with synthetic FTS. PMID- 7011613 TI - Characterization of facteur thymique serique (FTS) in the thymus. II. Direct demonstration of the presence of FTS in thymosin fraction V. AB - Thymosin fraction V was submitted to the same purification procedure as used for the isolation of the circulating thymic factor (FTS) from pig serum: an FTS-like material was isolated from this fraction and shown to have similar activity, molecular weight, charge and amino acid composition as FTS. These data, together with previous experiments showing the binding of anti-FTS antibodies to reticulo epithelial cells, provide a direct argument in favour of the presence of FTS in the thymus. PMID- 7011615 TI - Effect of histamine on monocyte complement production. II. Modulation of protein secretion, degradation and synthesis. AB - Using immunofluorescence and pulse-label studies with 3H-labelled amino acids, histamine was shown to inhibit the secretion of newly synthesized C2, C4, C3, factor B and beta 1H globulin by monocytes in culture. The findings suggested that protein synthesis was decreased, and that the degradation of newly synthesized intracellular protein was increased in histamine-treated monocytes. The observations that all monocytes in cultures containing histamine stained for C2, C4, and C3, factor B and beta 1H, when secretion was impaired, shows that all monocytes synthesize these proteins. These results demonstrate a negative feedback loop on C3 and C5 cleavage. The anaphylotoxins, C3a and C5a, formed as a result of C3 and C5 cleavage, release histamine from mast cells and basophils. Histamine, by inhibiting the production of C4, C2, and C3 and factor B by mononuclear phagocytes, inhibits further C3 and C5 cleavage by restricting the formation of C42, C423b and C3bBbP. PMID- 7011614 TI - Immune deposits in extraglomerular vessels: their correlation with circulating immune complexes. AB - Sixty-eight per cent of a consecutive series of 65 renal biopsies showed immune deposits in extraglomerular blood vessels. Although they occurred with a variety of clinical disorders and histological diagnoses, they were associated in particular with an acute nephritic syndrome, focal proliferative glomerulonephritis and non-specific mesangial changes. IgM was the commonest immunoglobulin class to be deposited and higher levels of IgM-containing complexes were detected in the serum of those patients with vascular deposits. Hitherto, immunofluorescent studies of renal biopsies have concentrated mostly on glomeruli but this study suggests that the extraglomerular vasculature deserves closer attention. The mechanisms for this pattern of localization are discussed. PMID- 7011616 TI - Membranous transformation of lupus nephritis. PMID- 7011617 TI - IgM-restricted production of immunoglobulin by lymphoid cell lines from patients with immunodeficiency with hyper IgM (dysgammaglobulinemia). PMID- 7011620 TI - Serum Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein levels in health and in renal disease. AB - Serum Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of 95 people with normal renal function and lay in the range of 70 to 540 ng/ml. None was detectable in 6 anephric patients. Patients on hemodialysis but with both kidneys in situ had concentrations below the lower limit of normal, and in some cases THG was undetectable. Healthy kidney donors generally showed a decrease in serum levels following uninephrectomy although these remained within the normal range. In contrast, all transplant recipients showed a marked increase in serum THG concentration, the rates of rise being apparently dependent upon initial graft function. These findings support the view that THG is a normal constituent of human serum whose levels are related to the amount of renal functioning mass. PMID- 7011619 TI - Renal growth after transplantation: infant kidney received by adolescent. AB - Renal growth and function were studied in a sixteen year old recipient of a renal transplant from a 16 month old cadaveric donor. Within one month, as measured by sequential inulin and creatinine clearances, glomerular filtration rate was 40 ml/min, which was more than 6 times the estimated pretransplant clearance. Ultrasound of the transplanted kidney revealed longitudinal growth from 7 cm at transplant to 11.5 cm by 8 weeks post-transplant. Radionuclide renal scintiphotography confirmed rapid functional and dimensional growth. There was no evidence of rejection, obstruction, or other complications during the time the allograft rapidly increased in size. Thus this case demonstrates a remarkable capacity of the human kidney to hypertrophy rapidly. PMID- 7011618 TI - Immune complex deposits in thyroid glands of patients with Graves' disease: I. Complement system in serum and thyroid gland of patients with Graves' disease. PMID- 7011621 TI - Reversible stenosis of the renal artery in cadaver kidney grafts: a report of three cases. AB - Regression of segmental renal artery stenosis was observed in three recipients of cadaver kidney allografts. At the time the stenoses were diagnosed the patients were severely hypertensive, had decreased renal function and elevated plasma renin activities. They were treated with antihypertensives and two of them with dipyridamole. Within a year, antihypertensive treatment could be discontinued in two patients, while the stenoses decreased considerably in all three patients. There was concomitant improvement in renal function and plasma renin activity. The role of dipyridamole remains uncertain. PMID- 7011622 TI - High dose frusemide in acute renal failure: a controlled trial. AB - Fifty-eight patients in established acute renal failure following trauma or surgery were allocated in a prospective and random fashion to two different diuretic regimes. In the control group, 1 g frusemide was given as a single injection over four hours. In the test group, frusemide was then continued either intravenously or orally in a dose of 3 g/24 hr until a urine output of 200 ml/hr was sustained or until the plasma creatinine fell below 300 mumoles/l. Oliguria was reversed or prevented in 24 of 28 patients given sustained frusemide, but in only 2 patients given a single injection. However, the number of dialyses and duration of renal failure and mortality were not different in the two groups. The serious complication of deafness occurred in two patients and in one of them this was permanent. PMID- 7011624 TI - The use of polymorphic enzyme markers of human blood cells in genetics. PMID- 7011623 TI - Abnormalities of erythrocyte enzymes in dyserythropoiesis and malignancies. PMID- 7011625 TI - Uses of polymorphic red cell enzymes in forensic science. PMID- 7011626 TI - Erythrocyte enzymopathies in the newborn. PMID- 7011627 TI - Methaemoglobinaemia. PMID- 7011628 TI - Diabetic vascular disease complicating pregnancy. PMID- 7011629 TI - The infant of the diabetic mother: today and tomorrow. PMID- 7011630 TI - Teratogenic risk and counseling in diabetes. PMID- 7011631 TI - Aging of cells and people. PMID- 7011632 TI - Age, estrogen, and the endometrium. AB - Three facts are strongly supported by clinical and experimental evidence. First, postmenopausal women produce estrogen, occasionally in sufficient quantities to be associated with uterine bleeding and adenocarcinoma. The estrogen is produced in extraglandular sites and is not secreted by the ovaries. Second, the estrogen produced by these women is biologically active. Third, many of the biologic effects of estrogen are antagonized by progesterone. None of these observations proves that estrogen causes endometrial cancer but each can be added to the growing body of evidence that suggests a casual role for estrogen. PMID- 7011633 TI - Age, estrogen, and bone density. AB - Osteoporosis in hypogonadal women contributes to considerable morbidity, mortality, and health care expense in our country each year. Estrogen deficiency accelerates and increases the incidence of this problem, and estrogen replacement therapy can substantially retard, and may in fact forestall, abnormally rapid loss of bone mineral mass in aging women. Moreover, estrogen therapy probably substantially decreases the incidence of disabling fractures in elderly women. These potential benefits of estrogen therapy in women at high risk to develop osteoporosis probably outweigh the risks of such a regimen, especially when a progestin is added for the last several days of each estrogen cycle. Optimal diet and suitably vigorous physical activity are advisable for all women as they enter the postmenopausal phase of their lives. Calcium supplementation, estrogen replacement therapy, or both are recommended when the patient is at high risk to develop osteoporosis. PMID- 7011634 TI - Metabolic adjustments in normal and diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7011636 TI - On the nature of the hot flash. PMID- 7011637 TI - Does estrogen cause adenocarcinoma of the endometrium? PMID- 7011635 TI - Age, Estrogens, and the psyche. AB - At the time of menopause, some women present with a clinical picture that has not only the specificity of estrogen deficiency, such as hot flushes, but also a nonspecific psychologic syndrome characterized largely by anxiety and depression. Both the physiology of aging and environmental stress factors unique to this age contribute to psychologic changes. Estrogen deficiency can further aggravate these psychologic changes. This effect of estrogen lack is mediated or modulated by catecholamines and prostaglandins at the level of the central nervous system. The conceptualization of the magnitude of contributions to psychologic changes occurring at menopause is shown in Figure 2. The therapeutic principle that emerges from this review is that the psychologic aspects of the menopausal syndrome should be treated as any other anxiety or depressive reaction and that only when the relief is persistently incomplete, showing unequivocally the predominance of estrogen deficiency, should replacement hormone therapy be considered. PMID- 7011638 TI - Management of postmenopausal bleeding. AB - Postmenopausal genital bleeding is a symptom that requires thorough evaluation. In most cases the cause is benign. Nongenital and nonuterine causes will be found occasionally and should be managed accordingly. The principal thrust of management involves thorough history, examination, and interpretation of endometrial histology. The latter is especially necessary to exclude the most significant, but not most common, cause of postmenopausal bleeding, i.e., adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Estrogen therapy contributes to postmenopausal bleeding and is usually contraindicated in such cases. Endometrial hyperplasia is considered a precursor lesion to endometrial carcinoma, but the incidence of progression is not great. Thus a scheme of conservative management that relies on repeat histologic examination of the endometrium to determine the biologic potential of endometrial hyperplasia is recommended. Although hospital D&C of the uterus is the traditional accepted method of evaluating the endometrium, there are persuasive reasons to consider suction endometrial biopsy as an appropriate alternative in most patients presenting with postmenopausal bleeding. PMID- 7011640 TI - Estrogens and breast cancer. PMID- 7011641 TI - Role of the glycohemoglobins (hemoglobin A1) in the evaluation and management of the diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7011642 TI - General obstetric management of the diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7011639 TI - Diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 7011643 TI - Gastric cancer: a controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy following gastrectomy. PMID- 7011645 TI - Amniocentesis, amnioscopy and fetoscopy. PMID- 7011644 TI - Assessment of renal transplantation using a gamma camera computer system. AB - Five hundred eleven isotope studies were performed following renal transplantation in 130 patients, using a standard technique and a gamma camera computer system in a nuclear medicine department situated half a mile away from the renal transplant unit. A comprehensive picture of renal function is obtained from perfusion studies, renography, effective renal plasma flow, I-131-Hippuran uptake, and excretion measurements. PMID- 7011646 TI - Induction of labour. PMID- 7011647 TI - Forceps and vacuum extraction. PMID- 7011648 TI - Caesarean section. PMID- 7011649 TI - Breech delivery. PMID- 7011650 TI - Twins and other multiple deliveries. PMID- 7011651 TI - Obstructed labour. PMID- 7011652 TI - Repair to injuries of the genital tract. PMID- 7011653 TI - Postoperative complications. PMID- 7011654 TI - Anaesthesia for obstetric operations. PMID- 7011655 TI - Quality control of drug assays. AB - Previously published work relating to quality control of drug assays has dealt mainly with interlaboratory comparisons. It is suggested that participants in external quality assessment schemes wil derive the maximum benefit from their participation if a suitable intralaboratory quality control scheme is established. Such a scheme should be capable of providing estimates of within- and between-batch imprecision over the concentration range for which the assay is used and give an indication of the development of systematic error (relative to previous performance). A scheme using serum pools at 3 concentrations, each to be analysed at least in duplicate, is recommended. Adaptations of this scheme, to be used when the number of patient samples per batch does not justify this number of control samples, are discussed in relation to various analytical situations. A ratio of 1 control sample to 10 patient samples is considered reasonable. The interpretation of results from external quality assessment schemes using performance indices, graphical assessment of 'bias' and standard deviation interval (SDI = bias divided by standard deviation) and the statistical evaluation of proportional and additive error by linear regression (least squares) analysis is discussed. In some cases it has been possible, from the results of interlaboratory studies, to show that a particular method will not generally give satisfactory results when compared either with other currently available methods, e.g. UV - spectrophotometric methods for phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine and theophylline, or on the grounds of clinical requirements, e.g. doubling dilution broth techniques for gentamicin. Improvement in intralaboratory reproducibility would facilitate the identification of technical factors contributing to interlaboratory variation. PMID- 7011658 TI - Bonding and rebonding peel testing of orthodontic brackets. PMID- 7011659 TI - Endodontic endosseous implant, a technique for retaining a failing fixed bridge. PMID- 7011660 TI - Arterial connections of the lung: the inaugural Keith Jefferson Lecture. PMID- 7011656 TI - Acetylator phenotype and lupus erythematosus. AB - There are several known therapeutic implications of acetylator phenotype; among them, the association of a higher incidence of procainamide- and hydralazine induced lupus in slow acetylators. Presumably, this is because acetylation of the aromatic amine or hydrazine functional group leads to a non-toxic product. Several other drugs which have been implicated in drug-induced lupus also contain an aromatic amine or hydrazine group. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of drug-induced and idiopathic lupus are similar but the degree to which the pathophysiological mechanisms are related, if at all, is unknown. There is also evidence reported for an association between the slow acetylator phenotype and idiopathic lupus. If true, this relationship should provoke some new experimental approaches to investigation into the mechanism of idiopathic lupus. PMID- 7011657 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of probenecid. AB - A review of the clinical applications and of the disposition of probenecid in man, including drug interactions, is presented. Probenecid is the classical competitive inhibitor of organic acid transport in the kidney and other organs. There are 2 primary clinical uses for probenecid: as a uricosuric agent in the treatment of chronic gout and as an adjunct to enhance blood levels of antibiotics (such as penicillins and cephalosporins). Adsorption of probenecid is essentially complete following oral administration. The drug is extensively metabolised by glucuronide conjugation and by oxidation of the alkyl side chains; oxidation of the aromatic ring does not occur. The half-life of probenecid in plasma (4 to 12 hours) is dose-dependent. Renal excretion is the major route of elimination of the metabolites; excretion of the parent drug is minimal and is dependent on urinary pH. Probenecid and its oxidised metabolites are extensively bound to plasma proteins, mainly to albumin. Tissue concentrations (based on animal studies) are generally lower than plasma concentrations. Most of the drug drug interactions involving probenecid are due to an effect on the kidney-block of transport of acidic drugs. Similarly probenecid affects the tubular secretion of a number of acidic endogenous substances by the kidney. Probenecid is also involved in the block of transport of acidic metabolites of catecholamines, for example homovanillic and hydroxyindoleacetic acids, in the brain. There are a number of analytical procedures for the assay of probenecid. These are based on spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, gas and liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7011662 TI - [Injury from so-called antirheumatic drugs]. PMID- 7011661 TI - [Mariano Messini (1901-1980)]. PMID- 7011664 TI - [Drug therapy of tumors. IV]. PMID- 7011663 TI - [Accidents caused by the use of organic iodine contrast media: prevention and therapy of the reactions]. PMID- 7011665 TI - [Double-blind clinical evaluation of choleretic agents in patients with chronic liver disease and cholestasis syndromes]. PMID- 7011667 TI - Anesthetic considerations for adrenalectomy. PMID- 7011666 TI - [Prolactin: control of its secretion and pharmacological interference]. PMID- 7011668 TI - The thyroid gland. AB - Disorders of the thyroid gland are frequently unrecognized and untreated by the attending physician and present the anesthesiologist with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Very large goiters distort and compress the larynx and require an experienced anesthesiologist for safe intubation. If surgery is elective and can be postponed in patients suspected of being hypo- or hyperthyroid, there is sufficient time to permit the anesthesiologist and the attending physician to obtain appropriate tests of thyroid function and institute appropriate therapeutic measures to restore the metabolic rate to normal. When there is insufficient time to confirm a clinical diagnosis of thyroid disease, the anesthesiologist is faced with important therapeutic decisions. It is the author's opinion that therapeutic intervention is, in most instances, preferable to therapeutic nihilism. In the case of a patient suspected of hypothyroidism, it is usually safe to administer a physiologic replacement dose of thyroxine to support the patient intraoperatively or postoperatively. If hypothyroidism is associated with cardiovascular disease, other debilitating illness, or advanced age, thyroxine must be given with extreme caution in order to avoid dangerous tachyarrhythmias or too rapid acceleration of the metabolic rate. The hyperthyroid patient facing nonelective surgery represents a very serious challenge to the anesthesiologist, since marked accentuation of clinical hyperthyroidism (thyroid storm) is a major risk of such surgery. In such a situation, intravenous propranolol and intravenous iodine are the optimal drugs for a safe and uncomplicated clinical course during and following surgery. In both instances, the anesthesiologist must use skillful clinical judgment in making the appropriate diagnosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Careful and continuous supervision of the patient is necessary during and following surgery and appropriate treatment and support of the patient should be provided until it is safe to discontinue therapy, if necessary, to confirm the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Careful clinical judgment and judicious use of appropriate medication should provide the patient with a smooth and safe intraoperative course and a rapid and uncomplicated postoperative recovery. PMID- 7011669 TI - Surgery of the parathyroid glands. AB - Surgical procedures involving the parathyroid glands pose special problems. Careful attention to preoperative rehydration, control of hypercalcemia, and evaluation of renal function are mandatory. Intraoperative management is usually uncomplicated. Severe hypocalcemia may complicate the postoperative period, especially if severe bone disease is present. PMID- 7011670 TI - Anesthesia for pheochromocytoma. AB - Anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma should be based on very reliable pharmacologic principles. The aura and mystique surrounding management of this endocrinopathy is not justified. Patient care for this problem is strengthened by increased knowledge of the pathophysiology involved, and anesthesia is rather straightforward and intellectually satisfying. PMID- 7011671 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in anesthesia. PMID- 7011672 TI - The effects of anesthesia on antidiuretic hormone. AB - Arginine vasopressin, the antidiuretic hormone in man, in low concentrations increases reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidney, producing a concentrated urine. It is also a potent vasoconstrictor because of its direct effect on arteriolar smooth muscle, particularly the splanchnic, renal, and coronary vascular beds. This appears to be a dose-dependent response. In very high concentrations it is capable of producing a diuresis with increased urinary sodium excretion. The preponderance of evidence today has failed to show any significant increase in antidiuretic hormone levels with anesthesia alone, provided significant hemodynamic changes do not occur. It seems unlikely, then, that the inhalation anesthetics or high-dose narcotic anesthesia are a direct stimulus to ADH release. If a decrease in urine flow does occur, it is more likely caused by either the renal hemodynamic effects of the anesthetic or a secondary release of ADH. Surgical stimulation is capable of significantly increasing ADH levels. This apparently is a stress response that can be attenuated by the depth of anesthesia. Such a response to operation may produce ADH levels that can indeed decrease urinary flow, but more importantly may succeed in achieving levels that can exert a significant vasopressor effect. In unusual circumstances, vasopressin levels can occur that are capable of producing a diuresis and increased urine sodium excretion. PMID- 7011674 TI - Central diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7011673 TI - Preoperative management of the diabetic patient. PMID- 7011675 TI - Canine distemper virus titration in ferret peritoneal macrophages. AB - The sensitivity of a ferret peritoneal macrophage fluorescent antibody technique for assay of various strains of canine distemper virus was investigated. The macrophage system was compared with established methods of titration in canine kidney cell culture, Vero cell culture, and embryonated chicken eggs. It was found to be as sensitive as and in several instances more sensitive than the established methods. PMID- 7011677 TI - A computer program for bedside renal function studies. PMID- 7011676 TI - Probes of mechanism and transition-state structure in the alcohol dehydrogenase reaction. AB - Detailed studies of chemical mechanism and transition state structure in enzyme catalyzed reactions are frequently hampered by rate determining protein isomerization and product desorption steps. Among dehydrogenases, the alcohol dehydrogenases are almost unique in the successful kinetic isolation of the bond rearrangement step(s). Some of the pertinent mechanistic questions are (1) the mode of hydrogen activation (hydride ion vs. hydrogen atom), (2) the existence and nature of chemical intermediates, (3) a role for an active site Zn+2 vs. Zn+2 OH2 in acid-base catalysis, (4) the "concertedness" of such catalysis with heavy atom rearrangements, and (5) the extent to which the structure of the transition state resembles oxidized substrates vs. reduced products. Although definitive answers to each of these questions are not yet available, a wealth of information has been amassed for both yeast and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Importantly, kinetic studies support a conservation of mechanism and transition state structure among dehydrogenases from divergent evolutionary sources. PMID- 7011678 TI - A system to measure functional residual capacity in critically ill patients. AB - The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) in spontaneously breathing, intubated patients has prompted the development of new procedures for measuring functional residual capacity (FRC). The authors have developed a system for measuring FRC by the multiple breath nitrogen washout technique, which is suitable for use on intubated patients breathing with CPAP, IMV, or intermittent positive pressure ventilation (CONTROL) and on nonintubated patients. This system uses a pair of synchronized volume ventilators to permit a step change in inspired N2 fraction while providing therapeutic ventilatory support. A rapid-response nitrogen analyzer and a modified bellows spirometer are used for continuous measurement of airway nitrogen concentration and expired gas flow rate. FRC is calculated on-line by a digital computer. The system accuracy was tested on a mechanical lung simulator in the CPAP and CONTROL modes. The measured volume was found to agree within 58 +/- 52 ml of the actual volume in the CONTROL mode and within 104 +/- 22 ml in the CPAP mode. The system was also tested for repeatability by making duplicate FRC determinations in patients with respiratory insufficiency. In the 18 patients studied, the correlation coefficient of these duplicate measurements was r = 0.987 and the mean difference between measurements was 49 +/- 24 ml. This noninvasive system also provides data used to calculate anatomical deadspace by Fowler's method (VSDS) and uniformity of ventilation (V/V) for multicompartment lung models. PMID- 7011680 TI - Cardiac output during CPR: a comparison of two methods. PMID- 7011681 TI - High frequency jet ventilation in CPR. PMID- 7011682 TI - Charles Claude Guthrie's contribution to cardiac resuscitation. PMID- 7011683 TI - Poetical version of the Rules of the Humane Society for recovering drowned persons. PMID- 7011679 TI - Collaborative randomized clinical study of cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. PMID- 7011684 TI - Requirements for food packaged in polymeric films. AB - The requirements of barrier properties of packaging materials against environmental factors vary with food products. The chemical, physical, and biological mechanisms of food deterioration due to environmental factors, vital properties required in packaging materials, and developments in progress and future trends to maintain the required standard of food quality have been critically reviewed. Theoretical and experimental results for a variety of food products in relation to the properties of the packaging materials are discussed. Methods of prediction of food stability and their industrial applications are also emphasized by specific examples. PMID- 7011687 TI - New aspects of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: possible approaches to prevention and treatment. AB - New techniques in cell biology and recent advances in rheology have opened up fresh perspectives in the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is now an increasing amount of experimental evidence to support the hypothesis that arterial thrombi are the first stage in atherogenesis in the context of endothelial lesions and not merely secondary factors without any causal significance. Factors influencing platelet aggregation and adhesiveness are discussed, and the animal and clinical studies carried out with the platelet aggregation inhibitor pentoxifylline and its effects on the microcirculation are reviewed. PMID- 7011686 TI - UHT milk: production, quality, and economics. AB - The review attempts to deal with the state of the art of UHT milk processing, economics, packaging, and quality maintenance. Various methods of processing are covered in detail. A sample system was considered for material and energy balances. A major factor in UHT milk technology is the economics of the process adopted. This is considered for the major processes currently in operation. Packaging and handling of UHT milk is of vital importance for the maintenance of the quality and flavor of the milk. A review of the different packaging systems describes the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The review is divided into the following sections: (1) major direct and indirect processes, (2) energy requirements and economics, (3) material and energy balances for fluid milk processing, storage, and distribution systems, (4) aseptic packaging, and (5) quality effects. PMID- 7011685 TI - Nutrition and current concepts of obesity. AB - Obesity is and has been one of the foremost health problems in the U.S. and in many other countries. It is so interrelated with different factors that it is very difficult to single out the effect of one particular aspect. However, an effort is made in this review to focus on obesity only from a nutritional point of view. Childhood nutrition and its impact on obesity is particularly emphasised since weight gain during early infancy has been associated with obesity in later stages of life. There is considerable evidence that links obesity with certain diseases of the cardiovascular system and diabetes. A review of this relationship is also outlined based on recent developments. The causes, classification and consequences of obesity are discussed in detail followed by critical evaluation of the possible and prevalent treatment methods. PMID- 7011689 TI - Giuseppe Grassi. PMID- 7011688 TI - Clinical therapeutic trial of aspirin and azapropazone in rheumatoid arthritis when prescribed singly and in combination. AB - A double-blind, crossover trial was carried out to assess the clinical efficacy of 3.6 g aspirin, 1200 mg azapropazone and the two drugs together in 24 adult patients with classical or definite rheumatoid disease. Pain score, morning stiffness and patients' assessment of pain were significantly improved for each drug regimen when compared to placebo. There was no significant difference among the individual drug regimens. Azapropazone was the best drug regimen in terms of improving pain score, morning stiffness and patient assessment of pain, but this was not statistically significant. It is concluded that there is no justification for prescribing aspirin with azapropazone in patients with rheumatoid disease. PMID- 7011690 TI - Assessment of T lymphocyte proportions. PMID- 7011692 TI - [25 years of the Stomatological Surgery Clinic of the Krakow Academy of Medicine. History and trends]. PMID- 7011691 TI - [Biology and treatment of odontogenic inflammatory processes in light of the latest views]. PMID- 7011693 TI - Bioassay system for determining ribavirin levels in human serum and urine. AB - A simple, sensitive, micromethod was developed to determine levels of ribavirin, or its active metabolic products, in human serum or urine. The procedure utilized the inhibition of measles virus cytopathic effect in BS-C-1 cells. Based upon maximum dilutions of human serum or urine containing ribavirin which inhibited the measles virus, the bioassay detected ribavirin in concentrations as low as 0.006 microgram/ml in serum or 0.03 microgram/ml in urine. Herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza virus 3 and reovirus 1 were also tested for sensitivity to ribavirin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ribavirin in serum or urine against these other viruses were no lower 0.32 microgram/ml. PMID- 7011694 TI - [Incisions and sutures]. PMID- 7011695 TI - [For or against the curve of occlusion? What types of models and artificial teeth should be recommended in complete dentures?]. PMID- 7011697 TI - [Retention using clasps: 1. Peremptory requisites of design for the protection of the tooth]. PMID- 7011696 TI - [Ceramic endosseous implants with an aluminum oxide base (Tubingen-type Frialit)]. PMID- 7011698 TI - [Various practical considerations on the preparation of posts for overlay dentures]. PMID- 7011699 TI - [Silver amalgam, temporary filling of long standing]. PMID- 7011700 TI - [Primary closure of pilonidal sinus through a slide-swing operation]. PMID- 7011701 TI - [Commemoration of the centenary of the death of Paul Broca]. PMID- 7011702 TI - [Paul Broca, anatomist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011703 TI - [Paul Broca, vascular surgeon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011704 TI - [Paul Broca : precursor of neurological disciplines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011705 TI - [Paul Broca : pathological anatomy, cancer, statistics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011706 TI - [Paul Broca and surgery of the motor system]. PMID- 7011707 TI - [Suture-ligation for stress ulcer with massive hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011708 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoraco-abdominal - aortic aneurysms: report of two successful cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011709 TI - [Percutaneous internal suture for joint fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011710 TI - The ventromedullary hypotensive effect of muscimol in the anaesthetized cat. AB - Muscimol, a rigid analogue of GABA, was injected into the CNS of urethane anaesthetized, normotensive cats. Bilateral microinjections of a small dose of muscimol (100 ng/kg, 0.5 microliter on each side) in the nucleus reticularis lateralis (NRL) induced hypotension. The marked fall in blood pressure obtained by injecting 1 microgram/kg of muscimol unilaterally into the NRL is completely reversed by subsequent local administration of bicuculline (5 microgram/kg, 0.5 microliter), a specific GABA antagonist. These data confirm that a GABAergic inhibitory system modulates the pressor tonic structures localized in the region of the NRL and that the anteroventral part of the medulla oblongata includes a trigger zone for the hypotensive action of muscimol. PMID- 7011711 TI - Trypsin activation of inactive renin in human plasma. An assessment of some methodological aspects. AB - The following methodological aspects of the use of trypsin as activator of inactive renin in human plasma have been studied: a) the effect of SBTI on renin activity and angiotensin; b) the reaction velocity of trypsin on inactive renin; c) the optimum trypsin concentration; d) the ability of human plasma to neutralize exogenous trypsin. Our results show that: 1) Some commercially available SBTI may exert an angiotensinase-like effect which can be abolished by PMSF. 2) At 4 degrees C activation of inactive renin reached a maximum within the first two minutes then no further activation could be demonstrated. 3) Trypsin 2 mg/ml yielded more inactive renin than trypsin 1 or 0.5 mg/ml. A higher concentration (3 mg/ml) gave substantially equivalent activation as (with) trypsin 2 mg/ml whereas when using a still higher concentration (4 mg/ml) a degradation of the renin system components could be noted. 4) Endogenous trypsin inhibitors can eventually inactivate exogenous trypsin up to 3 mg/ml. About 20% of renin is destroyed by trypsin 4 mg/ml within 2 min at 4 degrees C while an additional 40% is lost during the incubation at 37 degrees C if no SBTI is added. PMID- 7011713 TI - Symposium on biosynthetic human insulin. PMID- 7011712 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Berkeley George Andrew Moynihan (1865-1936). The mimicry of malignant disease in the large intestine. PMID- 7011714 TI - Biosynthetic human insulin: progress and prospects. PMID- 7011715 TI - In vitro studies on biosynthetic human insulin: an overview. PMID- 7011716 TI - Chemical, physical, and biologic properties of biosynthetic human insulin. AB - Human insulin derived via recombinant DNA technology was tested extensively by a complex battery of analytic procedures. This product, which is designated biosynthetic human insulin, was found to be chemically, physically, and immunologically equivalent to pancreatic human insulin and biologically equivalent to both pancreatic human insulin and purified pork insulin. PMID- 7011719 TI - Pharmacokinetics of biosynthetic human insulin and characteristics of its effect. AB - In the last 2 years we have developed a new method for determining insulin biologic activity with the help of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS). Primarily this closed-loop system infuses insulin. But to prevent hypoglycemia, it can in addition, infuse glucose below a certain blood glucose minimum. This effect is used to reproduce insulin biologic activity. After subcutaneous injection of the insulin to be tested in healthy persons (not in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects), the blood glucose level falls, and this is checked by the counterregulatory glucose delivery from the apparatus. The time and intensity of glucose delivery from the GCIIS reflect the insulin effect, so that each insulin manifests its own particular biologic activity. PMID- 7011720 TI - Biologic and immunologic in vivo and in vitro studies with biosynthetic human insulin. AB - A preliminary study was performed to estimate the effect of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) produced by the Eli Lilly Company in comparison with purified pork insulin (PPI) from the same manufacturer. Immunologic studies were done using an intradermal skin test with both insulins and in vitro studies binding with sera containing preformed antibodies against bovine and pork insulin. The studies were undertaken in eight healthy volunteers aged 24-31 yr. Insulin was given subcutaneously in an amount of 0.1 U/kg and 3 days later intravenously in an amount of 0.03 U/kg injected slowly over 1 min. Blood glucose, insulin, C peptide, and growth hormone were measured at different times between 0 and 360 min. It was shown that BHI and PPI behaved similarly in lowering blood glucose, suppressing C-peptide, and increasing growth hormone via hypoglycemic action. After s.c. injection, BHI was found to reach higher serum concentrations after 60 min than PPI. Correspondingly, the blood glucose curve was significantly lower after BHI than after PPI. This difference was not observed after the i.v. application of both forms of insulin. PMID- 7011718 TI - A comparative study of the activity of biosynthetic human insulin and pork insulin using the glucose clamp technique in normal subjects. AB - The activity of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) has been compared with that of pork insulin using the glucose clamp technique in normal subjects. After a baseline period, insulin was infused at 0.02 U/kg/h for 2 h, then 0.032 U/kg/h for 2 h, and finally 0.05 U/kg/h for 2 h. Glucose was clamped at baseline values using a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator) and the amount of glucose infused to maintain normoglycemia calculated for each insulin dose for the two insulins. C-peptide levels decreased with both insulins, suggesting suppression of endogenous insulin secretion. Serum insulin levels attained were the same for both insulins. There were no significant differences in either total glucose infused or glucose infused during the last 30 or 60 min at each insulin dose for the two insulins. Intermediary metabolite responses to the infusion of the two insulins were similar. We conclude that in normal human beings, BHI shows identical metabolic activity with pork insulin. PMID- 7011717 TI - Biologic activities of biosynthetic human insulin in healthy volunteers and insulin-dependent diabetic patients monitored by the artificial endocrine pancreas. AB - This study investigates and compares biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin, in healthy volunteers and in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, in terms of biologic action, capacity for controlling diabetic patients, and the requirements of the patients on each insulin. The possible importance of this new insulin in the improved long-term control of diabetic patients led to the experimental design of this protocol. PMID- 7011722 TI - Comparison of biosynthetic human insulin and pork insulin in the Gerritzen test. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) produced by recombinant DNA technology has been proven to be identical to pancreatic human insulin. It differs from pork insulin in one carboxy-terminal amino acid of the B-chain, where alanine substitutes for threonine. This leads to a higher hydrophilicity and usually lowers the tendency of insulin molecules to aggregate. To study its biologic effect in man, the Gerritzen test was applied. BHI regular (10 IU) or purified pork insulin (PPI) (10 IU) was injected subcutaneously to evaluate the insulin action profile. The time course of plasma glucose levels under both BHI and PPI did not significantly. BHI seems to lower the blood glucose somewhat faster during the first 30 min and, during the late phase, somewhat less than pork insulin. In general, for both BHI and PPI, the onset of action occurs within 15 and 30 min; after 60 min, plasma glucose levels drop by 44.3% for BHI and by 40% for PPI. The plasma glucose minimum was reached about 2 h after injection; therefore, the slope of the plasma glucose fall after 60 min was only marginal. The minimum levels were steady over about 1.75 h. At 2.5 h postinjection plasma glucose rose gradually and reached starting levels after about 7 h. BHI was as well tolerated in the intradermal skin testing as were pork insulin and a placebo solution. PMID- 7011721 TI - Biosynthetic human insulin: effect in healthy men on plasma glucose and non esterified fatty acids in comparison with highly purified pork insulin. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) produced by recombinant DNA technology was administered subcutaneously and intravenously at two dose levels to two groups, each consisting of six normal men. Responses were compared with those for purified pork insulin (PPI) given by the same routes at the same dose levels to the same two groups. The glycemic response to the insulins was similar with a suggestion (seen both with intravenous and subcutaneous administration) that the glycemic depression with BHI was slightly greater at low dose and less at high dose. No significant difference between insulin types was found in the depression of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, although significant differences between types with low-dose subcutaneous injection emerged during the later phases of the experiment. After termination of high-rate infusion with both insulins, NEFA concentrations rose more rapidly with some overshoot, suggesting that the rate and depth of blood glucose fall in these experiments might have triggered a brisker counterregulatory response. The small differences found between human and pork insulins, although in some cases significant, are unlikely to be of clinical importance. PMID- 7011723 TI - The plasma glucose response of normal fasting subjects to neutral regular and NPH biosynthetic human and purified pork insulins. AB - Using doses of 0.1 and 0.15 U/kg, the hypoglycemic activities of neutral regular and NPH biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin were compared in normal fasting subjects. Neutral regular insulin was administered by the intravenous and subcutaneous routes and NPH subcutaneously. Comparison of the plasma glucose curves disclosed no statistically significant differences between the maximum effects and the length of time to achieve the maximum effect. Moreover, a dose-response difference between 0.1 and 0.15 U/kg could not established. It is concluded that the hypoglycemic activities of neutral regular and NPH BHI and purified pork insulin are the same. PMID- 7011724 TI - Comparison of biosynthetic human insulin and pork insulin during rest, food ingestion, and physical work in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system. AB - In six insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, we investigated whether differences between biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and pork insulin are present as measured by an automatic glucose controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS) (Biostator). The parameters measured were basal insulin requirement and food-dependent insulin requirement, as well as the blood sugar-lowering and insulin-saving effect of standardized physical work. The results show that BHI does not reveal any differences with regard to the basal food-independent and food-dependent insulin requirement compared to pork insulin in insulin-requiring diabetic subjects. Delayed food-dependent initial rise in blood sugar and insulin during physical work, which was observed with BHI, does not show any differences in the integral over 180 min. These investigations confirm the results found in vitro and in animal experiments. At the same time, they indicate discrete differences in the activity spectrum. PMID- 7011725 TI - Comparison of the biologic activity of biosynthetic human insulin and natural pork insulin in juvenile-onset diabetic subjects assessed by the glucose controlled insulin infusion system. AB - To assess the biologic activity of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) synthesized by Escherichia coli, six insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetic subjects were studied with BHI and natural pork insulin, by means of the glucose controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS). First, after an overnight normalization of blood glucose levels, the 24-h insulin requirement was determined while the patients were consuming a diet of 30 kcal/kg. Then, the amount of glucose necessary to maintain normal blood glucose levels during a 5-h intravenous infusion of BHI and pork insulin, respectively, was assessed. Both studies demonstrate that in the insulin-dependent diabetic subject, BHI is at least as effective as natural pork insulin and may, therefore, be useful for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7011727 TI - Immunologic properties of biosynthetic human insulin in vitro. AB - Some immunologic properties of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) were examined in vitro. An identical behavior was found for BHI and pancreatic human insulin as standard preparation and for A14-mono-labeled BHI and pork insulin as tracer in the insulin radioimmunoassay. BHI proved to be free of human proinsulin and C peptide. Insulin antibodies in serum of two diabetic patients showed a preferential binding of 125I-bovine insulin. However, the antibody titers were almost identical for A14-mono-labeled BHI and pork insulin. These studies did not reveal any characteristic immunologic properties of BHI compared with highly purified pancreatic human and pork insulin. PMID- 7011726 TI - Immediate-type allergy against insulin itself: clinical and immunologic studies on a diabetic patient with insulin intolerance. AB - In this report clinical and immunologic data of a female diabetic patient with immediate-type allergy against insulin preparations of different species, including pancreatic human insulin, biosynthetic human insulin and semisynthetic human insulin are described. The determination of insulin-specific antibodies showed relatively high IgE-antibody titers in contrast to low IgG-antibody concentrations, which is in accordance with the assumption that the ratio of IgE- to IgG-insulin antibodies is important in the outcome of clinically manifest allergic reactions. Negative results for cutaneous delayed-type insulin hypersensitivity and for stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis exclude type IV immunopathogenic reaction in this insulin-allergic patient. Preliminary data suggest that inherited individual factors--such as DR2, DR3 positivity in this diabetic individual--might predispose diabetic patients to insulin allergy. PMID- 7011728 TI - Studies on the biologic actions of biosynthetic human insulin in vitro and in diabetic man. AB - This preliminary study was designed to determine whether biologic action of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) in vitro and its antigenicity in man equals that of various insulins of pancreatic origin. Testing the biologic action of BHI, pancreatic human insulin (PHI), and pancreatic pork insulin (PCPI) on glucose uptake by the rat hemidiaphragm and adipose tissue, identical efficacy for the insulins on a unit per unit basis was observed. Furthermore, a comparable impairment of insulin action was seen under the detrimental conditions of a hyperosmolal state. In an insulin-dependent diabetic female patient with cutaneous insulin hypersensitivity, BHI displayed the same antigenicity as PHI and PCPI. From these data we conclude tht BHI, both in vitro and in vivo, exhibits the same biologic properties as pancreatic insulin, and that it is reasonable to continue extensive testing of BHI in man, since identical metabolic effects and immunologic reactions are to be anticipated as with purified pancreatic insulin preparations of human or animal origin. PMID- 7011729 TI - Receptor binding properties and biologic activity in vitro of biosynthetic human insulin. AB - The interaction of biosynthetic human insulin with human cultured lymphocytes, human circulating erythrocytes, and isolated rat fat cells was examined. The binding of the biosynthetic insulin to human cells was identical to that of native human or pork insulins, with respect to affinity, kinetics of association and dissociation, negative cooperativity, and downregulation of lymphocyte receptors. The biosynthetic insulin also had equal potency in stimulating the incorporation of [3H]-glucose into the lipids of isolated rat fat cells. These data suggest that the structure of the biosynthetic insulin has been integrally reconstituted. PMID- 7011730 TI - Binding of biosynthetic human insulin to erythrocytes of normal and insulin dependent diabetic subjects: comparison with pork and human pancreatic insulin. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) was compared with highly purified human pancreatic and pork insulin with regard to its ability to bind to erythrocytes of normal and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (type I diabetes). The binding affinity or capacity of erythrocyte from both normal and diabetic subjects were comparable for biosynthetic and pancreatic human insulin. In contrast, binding of pork insulin to erythrocytes was significantly decreased at low insulin concentrations in normal as well as in diabetic subjects due to a reduced receptor affinity. The affinity of the "empty sites" was 5.25 x 10(-8) M-1 with pork insulin in normal subjects and 6.1 x 10(-8) M-1 in diabetic subjects; with both human insulins, the affinities were 6.9 x 10(-8) M-1 in normal subjects and 8.6 x 10(-8) M-1 in diabetic subjects. The number of insulin receptors per erythrocyte was calculated as being 30 in normal subjects and 35 in diabetic patients. PMID- 7011731 TI - Internalization of 125I-insulin by IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes: a comparison between A14-monoiodo-pork and biosynthetic human insulin. AB - Human insulin synthesized from A- and B-chains separately produced in Escherichia coli from cloned genes was characterized by examining its interaction biochemically and morphologically with IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes. Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) behaves similarly to pork insulin with respect both to its binding properties and to the rate and magnitude at which it is internalized by the cells. PMID- 7011732 TI - Biologic activity and receptor binding properties of biosynthetic human insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes and mouse soleus muscle in vitro. PMID- 7011734 TI - Receptor binding of biosynthetic human insulin on isolated pig hepatocytes. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and pancreatic human insulin were compared with respect to receptor binding in a heterologous assay system: displacement of pork A14-125I-monoiodoinsulin from receptors on pig hepatocytes. The concentrations of human insulin giving half-maximal displacement were identical for both preparations, i.e., 0.5 nM. Their relative potency was 1.01 +/- 0.14 (SD, N = 5), suggesting that biosynthetic and pancreatic human insulin exert the same biologic activity. PMID- 7011733 TI - Potency of biosynthetic human insulin determined in vitro. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) obtained from separately synthesized A- and B chains by recombinant DNA technology with Escherichia coli fermentation was compared with human and pork insulin of high purity in vitro. Applying four biologic tests (glucose oxidation and glucose incorporation into the lipids by rat epididymal fat pads, inhibition of lipolysis, and ATP depletion of isolated fat cells) and three receptor assays (binding competition with human fat cells, IM-9 lymphocytes, and rat liver cell plasma membranes), we could not discern significant differences of the half-maximum response by these seven methods. The only variance occurred with the ATP-depletion assay. This method disclosed 10% greater maximum reversion of isoproterenol-induced ATP depletion by BHI when compared with pork insulin. PMID- 7011735 TI - Biologic activity and pharmacokinetics of biosynthetic human insulin in the rat. AB - The biologic potency (plasma glucose depression) of pancreatic human insulin was compared with that of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI), manufactured by recombinant DNA techniques in bacteria, following intravenous injection in rats. The specific activity of the pancreatic human insulin was 32 U/mg, while that for BHI was 27 U/mg. These values were not significantly difference, but were higher than the value for pancreatic pork insulin (25 U/mg). The pharmacokinetics of i.v. injected A14-mono-125I-insulin (pork) were found to be similar to those observed for semisynthetic [3H]insulin (pork), the respective metabolic clearance rates (MCR) being 20.8 +/- 0.8 ml/min/kg (N = 4) and 23.6 +/- 1 ml/min/kg (N = 5) (P greater than 0.1). The MCR for A14-mono-125I-BHI was 24.6 +/- 2.2 ml/min/kg (N = 4), which was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) than the value for A14 mono-125I-pork insulin. BHI is thus no less active than pork insulin in rats and possibly somewhat more active. The small difference in activity may be due to increased affinity for rat insulin receptors, resulting in a more rapid MCR for BHI. In addition, the A14-monoiodinated insulin tracer used in these studies is indistinguishable from semisynthetic [3H]insulin in terms of its rate of clearance, indicating that the insulin molecule has not suffered any iodination damage and is thus a valid tracer for metabolic and receptor studies. PMID- 7011736 TI - Insulin binding, biologic activity, and metabolism of biosynthetic human insulin. AB - Insulin binding to receptors, insulin action, and cellular insulin metabolism were studied using biosynthetic human insulin (BHI). The results demonstrated that this insulin preparation binds to receptors with full binding potency and also exerts normal biologic activity to stimulate adipocyte glucose oxidation and glucose transport. Furthermore, following initial binding to adipocyte receptors, BHI is internalized and degraded in a manner indistinguishable from purified pork insulin (PPI). Thus, these results demonstrate that BHI has full biologic activity, is metabolized normally, and should produce the full insulin effect when administered to diabetic patients. PMID- 7011737 TI - Binding of biosynthetic human insulin to human antibodies and receptors. AB - The binding of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and pork insulin to anti-pork insulin antibodies was tested at an insulin concentration of 4 microunits/ml. Identical binding data were obtained. The binding of the two insulins to mononuclear lymphocytes was also identical. The data are compared to previous results obtained with synthetic human insulin. Previously, we investigated the in vitro properties of fully synthetic human insulin from Dr. Rittel, Ciba-Geigy, Basel. Receptor binding of this human insulin was identical to pork insulin. The binding properties of the new BHI from Lilly (Indianapolis) were studied with human antibodies and freshly isolated human monocytes. PMID- 7011738 TI - The biologic potency and binding affinity of biosynthetic human insulin in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - Using the isolated rat adipocyte system, we could not detect any difference in binding affinity or biologic potency of biosynthetic and pancreatic human insulin. PMID- 7011740 TI - Receptor binding and effect of biosynthetic human insulin on 2-deoxyglucose transport. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin (PPI) were compared for binding properties and stimulatory effect on 2-deoxyglucose transport in isolated rat fat cells. No difference between these types of insulin could be demonstrated. PMID- 7011739 TI - Binding of insulin to rat pancreatic islets: comparison between pancreatic human insulin and biosynthetic human insulin. AB - Human pancreatic insulin, biosynthetic human insulin (BHI), and pork insulin were compared in terms of their binding characteristics to insulin receptors on rat pancreatic islets. There was no difference in binding or on biologic effect, i.e., ability to inhibit insulin secretion. PMID- 7011742 TI - Clinical trials with biosynthetic human insulin. PMID- 7011741 TI - Comparison of pancreatic human and biosynthetic human insulin with respect to their action on adipocytes and chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) was compared to pancreatic human insulin and sperm whale insulin in terms of ability to stimulate incorporation of glucose into isolated rat adipocytes and thymidine into DNA in chick embryo fibroblasts. The human insulins were identical in their effects in both assays. Sperm whale insulin was more potent than the human insulins in stimulating glucose incorporation into rat adipocytes. All three insulins showed identical stimulation of DNA synthesis in the fibroblast assay. That action, however, is mediated via the receptor for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Therefore, both human insulins were evaluated in terms of binding to the IGF-1 receptor in chick embryo fibroblasts. The two human insulins behaved identically (and agreed with previous findings for sperm whale insulin). All insulins, however, were approximately 200-fold less potent than IGF-I itself in this binding assay. PMID- 7011743 TI - An appraisal of the role of biosynthetic human insulin in the future treatment of diabetes mellitus. AB - Although initial laboratory studies using biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) indicate little difference in the intrinsic potency of biosynthetic human and purified pork insulin (PPI) in vitro, certain in vivo observations suggest that BHI may differ pharmacokinetically from pork insulin. If further studies support these suggestions, the use of BHI may be able to provide better glycemic control and more near normal plasma insulin profiles during treatment of insulin dependent diabetes than can be achieved with presently available insulin preparations. However, BHI appears to offer no advantage over presently available PPI in terms of prevention and treatment of insulin lipodystrophy, insulin allergy, and immune insulin resistance. PMID- 7011744 TI - Programming of insulin delivery with meals during subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - The serum insulin elevation after subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion of 10 U of neutral regular insulin given over 5 or 30 min has been examined in normal subjects to find a delivery profile that would simulate the normal serum insulin response to a meal. Endogenous insulin release, assessed by measurement of C-peptide, was suppressed by an i.v. infusion of 1 U/h neutral regular insulin, beginning 60 min before the s.c. administration and continuing throughout the study. The increment in serum insulin levels after the 5-min s.c. infusion reached a peak of 62 +/- 9.5 mU/L at 45 min, and the rate of elevation of insulin levels closely approximated the normal insulin response to a 50-g, 500 kcal mixed meal. The increment in serum insulin levels with the 30-min s.c. infusion reached a peak of 41 +/- 1.4 mU/L at 75 min. The incremental insulin response up to 180 min (area under the curve) after the 5-min s.c. infusion was 30% greater than the response to the 30-min infusion. On the basis of these studies, we conclude that insulin delivery for meals during s.c. insulin infusion need not be initiated before the meal, but should be given over a period of approximately 5 min or less. Further study is required to delineate the effects of concentration, local degradation, and rate of delivery on entry of s.c. insulin to the vascular system. PMID- 7011745 TI - Long-term, ambulatory, subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in brittle diabetic patients. AB - We compared the blood glucose control of four intact and eight kidney recipient, metabolically unstable, ketosis-prone, insulin-dependent diabetic patients under two different regimens: (a) intensive conventional treatment with two to four insulin injections daily (48 patient-months) and (B) subcutaneous, portable insulin delivery system (IDS) (54 patient-months). Both regimens included frequent home blood glucose and 24-h urine glucose determinations and daily telephone follow-up to maximize compliance with treatment. Analyzed as a group the fasting blood glucose for intact patients (A: 172 +/- 13 mg/dl; B: 141 +/- 12, P less than 0.02) and the nonfasting blood glucose for kidney recipient patients (A: 165 +/- 10; B: 138 +/- 5, P less than 0.01) were significantly lower during treatment with the IDS than with multiple injections. Six out of 12 patients (2/4 intact and 4/8 kidney recipient patients) showed significant and consistent improvement of blood glucose concentrations. Four showed marginal and inconsistent improvement. Two patients (one intact and one kidney recipient) improved on the IDS but maintained the improvement when changed back to conventional treatment. The 24-h urine glucose, maximal glucose excursions, number of blood glucoses less than or equal to 40 mg/dl, and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased significantly in some patients on the pump. We conclude that subcutaneous, portable insulin delivery devices can significantly improve the metabolic control of some ambulatory, unstable diabetic patients during long-term treatment beyond that obtained with intensive, multiple-injection, conventional treatment. Normalization of the metabolic control, however, is not obtained. These infusion systems still pose several problems during ambulatory use, which could have serious consequences in patients less compliant and/or followed less closely than ours. PMID- 7011746 TI - Insulin therapy in the diabetic surgical patient: metabolic and hormone response to low dose insulin infusion. PMID- 7011747 TI - Relief of gastrointestinal symptoms by correcting insulin excess. AB - Persons with diabetes mellitus often have disordered gastrointestinal function, usually attributed to autonomic neuropathy. Hypoglycemia in persons taking insulin has been considered a possible result of anorexia and gastric atony, but not a potential cause of gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients with diabetes developing before age 30 yr and of long duration had severe gastrointestinal complaints for 1-9 mo, with symptoms suggesting nocturnal hypoglycemia. All recovered rapidly with no specific treatment other than reduction of insulin doses. Studies identified no gastrointestinal pathology. These patients may represent a subgroup of persons with diabetic enteropathy, in whom recurrent hypoglycemia provokes a reversible derangement of gut function with accompanying symptoms. PMID- 7011752 TI - Do diabetic patients inject accurate doses of insulin? PMID- 7011749 TI - Algorithms for adjustment of insulin dosage by patients who monitor blood glucose. AB - Patient self-monitoring of blood glucose is a useful adjuvant to diabetes therapy that facilitates improved glycemic control when used as part of an intensive diabetes management program that includes careful balancing of food intake, energy expenditure, and insulin dosage. This paper describes an approach by which patient-determined blood glucose measurements may be used to attain and maintain glycemic control. The patient is provided with a set of algorithms by which minor adjustments in a therapeutic routine may be made to achieve the desired control. PMID- 7011748 TI - Receptor depletion in diabetes mellitus: correction with therapy. AB - This report describes two patients with diabetes mellitus, presenting with insulin resistance and depression of erythrocyte insulin receptor binding to less than one-third of normal. Scatchard analysis of the data was consistent with a depletion in insulin receptors in these poorly controlled diabetic patients. Therapy with tolbutamide and reduced insulin administration resulted in restoration of erythrocyte receptor binding, clinical resolution of the insulin resistance, and amelioration of hyperglycemia. These data suggest a role for transient depletion and/or dysfunction of cellular receptors of insulin activity in the evolution of insulin resistance in diabetes. PMID- 7011750 TI - Future therapy of the insulin-dependent diabetic patient--the implantable insulin delivery system. PMID- 7011751 TI - Present and future expectations regarding insulin infusion systems. PMID- 7011753 TI - Meters or strips? PMID- 7011754 TI - [Anuria and respiratory distress after phlegmon of the hand. Recovery after hemodialysis and artificial respiration]. PMID- 7011755 TI - Malignant hyperthermia following intravenous iodinated contrast media. Report of a fatal case. AB - Malignant hyperthermia has been an iatrogenic syndrome which was usually fatal. The syndrome occurs when certain physiologically active compounds act on defective skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. The syndrome consists of a soaring fever, severe acidosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, and usually myoclonic spasms. Cardiac arrhythmias, shock, bleeding disorders, and death soon follow. Malignant hyperthermia has characteristically complicated the administrations of anesthesiologists, but is being triggered by drugs used in other diagnostic and therapeutic activities. This paper reports a fatal case which followed the infusion of iodinated contrast media. The increased release of epinephrine and the production of fibrin split products seen in an iodinated contrast media reaction suggest certain commonalities between it and a malignant hyperthermia reaction which may be triggered be epinephrine and is complicated by disseminated vascular clotting and bleeding disorders. The potential for successful treatment has greatly improved with the availability of dantrolene. Increased awareness of the syndrome, temperature monitoring, early diagnosis, and rapid treatment should make this malignant disorder less threatening. PMID- 7011756 TI - [Distribution in the cerebral cortex of neurons projecting into the median center of the thalamus and into the reticular formation of the midbrain]. PMID- 7011758 TI - Alcohol and cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 7011757 TI - [Differing molecular structures of EcoRII and Eco MRE600 dcmII DNA methylases]. PMID- 7011759 TI - Specific antibodies and Fab fragments to alter the pharmacokinetics and reverse the pharmacologic/toxicologic effects of drugs. PMID- 7011760 TI - Disposition of a series of tetrahydrocarbazoles. AB - Cyclindole was extensively metabolized and eliminated primarily via the kidneys from most laboratory animals and man. Only in the dog was cyclindole a major urinary component. Cyclindole was metabolized by N-demethylation and/or hydroxylation. In studies utilizing radiolabeled drug, the primary urinary component was polar material which probably resulted from conjugation of the hydroxylated products. When desmethylcyclindole was administered to rats and dogs, large amounts of unchanged drug were administered to rats and dogs, large amounts of unchanged drug were recovered in the urine; there was no 3 aminotetrahydrocarbazole present. Significant amounts of urinary radioactivity were thought to represent hydroxylated and/or conjugated products. When 7 hydroxycyclindole was administered to dogs, only free parent drug was recovered from the urine; there was no evidence for N-demethylation. Flucindole, the 6,8 difluoro analog of cyclindole was metabolized by dog and man via N-demethylation with the formyl derivative being a probable intermediate in this reaction; both products were found in the urine. No didesmethyl metabolite was detected. In contrast to cyclindole, the N-oxide of flucindole was found in urine from both species. The route of elimination of oxarbazole and its metabolites was species specific: urinary excretion was 96.5, 38.7, 24.5, and 2.0% for the guinea pig, monkey, rat, and dog, respectively. The major urinary metabolite was O-demethyl oxarbazole; this metabolite was conjugated in all species except the guinea pig. The dog and monkey excreted small quantities of conjugated N-debenzoylated oxarbazole in urine. The profound changes in pharmacological activity that result from relatively small chemical modifications of the tetrahydrocarbazole nucleus make it likely that many further investigations of this class of compounds will be undertaken in the future. PMID- 7011762 TI - [Kidney transplantation in insulin dependent diabetics]. PMID- 7011761 TI - Metabolic disposition of antihyperlipidemic agents in man and laboratory animals. PMID- 7011764 TI - [Conservation of sphincter in deep rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 7011763 TI - [Fibrinolytic treatment of severe thrombosis of the basilar artery (author's transl)]. AB - Thrombosis of the basilar artery occurred in a 27-year-old woman after physical exercise (bowling). She became deeply unconscious without change so that four days after onset urokinase was administered. The neurological status than markedly improved, with partial regression of the paresis and the cranial nerve deficits, and she became responsive again. Angiography after four-day urokinase administration demonstrated complete recanalisation of the basilar artery. Subsequent rehabilitative measures led to almost complete disappearance of all symptoms. Later neurological tests revealed merely very discrete left hemiparesis, mainly of the arm. PMID- 7011765 TI - [Surgical treatment of the rotator cuff rupture (author's transl)]. AB - Ruptures of the rotator cuff are more frequent than generally assumed. Out of 25 patients with ruptures of the rotator cuff treated surgically, 17 were seen at follow-up investigations at least 6 months later. The procedure was successful in most cases. Should severe pains persist despite regular conservative treatment for 6--8 weeks, disturbing night rest of sports and working performance, and has the rupture been demonstrated by arthrography, surgical reconstruction should not be delayed as partial shoulder immobility diminishes postoperative results considerably. Long-term follow-up physiotherapy is a prerequisite for a lasting success. PMID- 7011766 TI - [The history of parenteral transmission of acute icteric viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7011768 TI - [Air in animal houses - especially olfactometric measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011767 TI - [Automatic detection and interpretation of locomotive activities of single animals in groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011769 TI - [Highly molassed sugar beef pulp in ruminant's nutrition. I. Composition, compatibility, digestibility of a diet containing high ratios of highly molassed sugar beef pulp, and its physiological effects on ruminal metabolism of the sheep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011770 TI - [Ethical aspects in animal production (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011771 TI - [On the microflora of sour milk cheese and curd (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011772 TI - [Opisthotonic Syndrome in broilers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011773 TI - [Chronical intravenous catheterization of pigs kept in groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011774 TI - [New Year Lecture by Johann Adam Kersting at the Veterinary School Hannover in 1784 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011775 TI - [Parentage control in German dog breeds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011776 TI - [Tracheal necrosis following intubation in the horse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011777 TI - [Influence of weather conditions on the outbreak of "crowding disease" and enzootic bronchopneumonia in calves and the treatment with Imuresp-p (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011778 TI - [An effective clinical therapy of corneal lesions in animals treated with Solcoseryl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011779 TI - [Follow up studies on blood gases, acid-base-relationship, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in blood from piglets. 3. Period from the first day after weaning and the following 3 weeks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7011780 TI - [Serological studies for the detection of viral infections of pigeons in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7011781 TI - Specific and artefactual cellular localizations of S 100 protein: an astrocyte marker in rat cerebellum. AB - Immunohistological techniques with specific antisera have been used to reinvestigate the problem of cellular localization of the neurospecific protein S100. In adult rat cerebellum, this protein is exclusively localized in astrocytes as shown by revealing in the same tissue secretion S100 protein and an oligodendrocyte marker, the isoenzyme II of carbonic anhydrase. The exclusive astroglial localization of S100 protein was confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy. A number of technical artefacts which may be at the origin of the claimed localization of S100 protein in neuronal cytoplasm and nuclei were also determined and described. PMID- 7011782 TI - [Differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterus and cervix using CEA immunohistochemical staining]. PMID- 7011783 TI - Evaluation of a spironolactone and althiazide combination (aldactacine) in Africans with benign essential hypertension. PMID- 7011784 TI - Terminals of reserpine-sensitive vasopressin-neurophysin neurons in the external layer of the rat median eminence. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to examine the pharmacology associated with reserpine-induced alterations in vasopressin and neurophysin (VP/NP) immunoreactivity in the external layer of the median eminence in the rat. Twenty-four hours after injection of reserpine, a selective, marked depletion of VP/NP immunoreactivity from the external layer is apparent. Pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pargyline and tranylcypromine, prevents the depleting effect of reserpine, indicating that the acute effect of reserpine is mediated by monoamines. Acute intraventricular treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, but not 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, mimicked the reserpine effect, suggesting that catecholamines mediate reserpine depletion of VP/NP immunoreactivity from the external layer. The experimental results are consistent with a regulatory model in which catecholamines tonically inhibit VP/NP release from terminals in the external layer of the median eminence. Although the studies do not definitively determine the functional relationship between VP and ACTH, the anatomical location of these terminals, the dramatic change in the VP/NP content of these terminals in response to reserpine, and the lack of a response to dehydration suggest that this pool of vasopressin may contribute to ACTH hypersecretion in response to reserpine. PMID- 7011785 TI - Long term primary monolayer culture of adult murine magnocellular neurons. AB - Primary monolayer culture of adult murine hypothalamic cells has been carried out for 2 months. Neuron-like cells as well as fibroblast, glial, and ependymal-like cells demonstrated characteristic morphological features which distinguished them from one another. In addition, immunocytochemical identification of cytoplasmic substances cross-reactive with neurophysin and (8-arginine)vasopressin further characterized specific magnocellular neuronal populations throughout the culture period. This culture system should provide a basis for studying neurosecretion at the cellular and molecular levels. PMID- 7011786 TI - Electron microscope autoradiographic analysis of [125I]iodoinsulin entry into adult rat hepatocytes in vivo: evidence for multiple sites of hormone localization. PMID- 7011788 TI - Flavin content of intracellular compartments of pancreatic islets compared with acinar tissue and liver. AB - The flavin contents of pancreatic islets and acinar tissue, whole pancreas, and liver of the rat were measured fluorometrically. Spectrofluorometric scanning of extracts of islets proved that they contained flavins. The spectra showed excitation peaks at approximately 370 and 445 nm and an emission peak at 530 nm; these values are identical to those of authentic flavins. Pancreatic islets contained 3 times as much flavin as whole pancreas or acinar tissue and 20% more than liver. Forty-six percent of the total islet flavin was in the cytosolic compartment compared with about only 11--12% in whole pancreas or liver. The results raise the question of whether islet cytosol contains a flavin-requiring enzyme important for hormone release. PMID- 7011787 TI - Antiestrogen action in avian liver: the interaction of estrogens and antiestrogens in the regulation of apolipoprotein B synthesis. PMID- 7011789 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor/urogastrone and associated pancreatic hormones on mitotic cycle phases and proliferation kinetics of neonatal rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Low doses (10(-14)--10(-11) M) of epidermal growth factor (EGF)/urogastrone and/or equimolar mixtures of glucagon and insulin administered to 4-day-old primary neonatal rat liver cultures stimulated both DNA synthesis and proliferation of hepatocytes within 24 h. The precise roles played in this process by EGF and the two pancreatic hormones were investigated by constructing curves of the fraction of labeled hepatocytes in mitosis and studying the dilution of incorporated [3H]thymidine with time. The results indicate that EGF both activates and then promotes prereplicative development of hepatocytes, while glucagon and insulin only promote prereplicative development. PMID- 7011791 TI - Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists stimulate oocyte meiosis and ovulation in hypophysectomized rats. AB - The acute effects in vivo of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a potent agonistic analogue (GnRHa) were tested in PMSG-treated immature female rats, hypophysectomized on the morning of proestrus. The rats were injected once with either LH, GnRH, or GnRHa 3-4 h after surgery, and the effects on oocyte meiosis, ovulation, and plasma progesterone were investigated. LH (25 microgram) and GnRHa (12.0 and 1.2 microgram) caused a high rate of meiosis, while GnRH (100 microgram) or GnRHa (0.12 microgram) caused a partial response. LH and GnRHa produced ovulation in all of the treated rats and caused a prolonged increase in plasma progesterone levels. It is concluded that GnRH agonists exert acute stimulatory effects in the ovarian follicle, independent of pituitary factors. PMID- 7011794 TI - Influence of cadmium, lead, and zinc on the ability of guinea pig macrophages to interact with macrophage migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 7011790 TI - Insulin induced alterations of acyl groups of the cerebroside fraction isolated from fat cell ghosts. AB - Rat epididymal fat cells were isolated and incubated with 25 microunits insulin/ml for 15 minutes. Insulin induced a significant shift in the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of the cerebroside fraction isolated from fat cell ghosts. This change was due to a decrease of saturated fatty acids and an increase of unsaturated fatty acids which were hydrolyzed from the isolated lipids. There were no significant changes in the amount of phospholipids isolated from the fat cell ghosts after this period of incubation with insulin or of fatty acids associated with them. Isolated adipocytes were also incubated with 8 x 10( 8) M dexamethasone for 2 1/2 hours. Insulin (25 microunits/ml) was then added, and the incubation continued for 15 minutes. Dexamethasone treated cells did not show a statistically significant insulin stimulated decrease in the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio. These studies demonstrate an insulin induced change in membrane lipids which appeared to be partially blocked by previous exposure to dexamethasone. PMID- 7011792 TI - [Isolated islands of Langerhans. Methods of their isolation and study of insulin secretion]. PMID- 7011793 TI - Bromocriptine--background and history (a review of literature). PMID- 7011795 TI - Effects of methylmercury on human fetal neurons and astrocytes in vitro: a time lapse cinematographic, phase and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7011796 TI - Effect of NADH on the pKa of zinc-bound water in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Equilibrium constants for coenzyme binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase have been determined over the pH range 10--12 by pH-jump stop-flow techniques. The binding of NADH or NAD+ requires the protonated form of an ionizing group (distinct from zinc-bound water) with a pKa of 10.4. Complex formation with NADH exhibits an additional dependence on the protonation state of an ionizing group with a pKa of 11.2. The binding of trans-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to the enzyme . NADH complex is prevented by ionization of the latter group. It is concluded from these results that the pKa-11.2-dependence of NADH binding most likely derives from ionization of the water molecule bound at the catalytic zinc ion of the enzyme subunit. The pKa value of 11.2 thus assigned to zinc-bound water in the enzyme . NADH complex appears to be typical for an aquo ligand in the inner-sphere ligand field provided by the zinc-binding amino acid residues in liver alcohol dehydrogenase. This means that the pKa of metal-bound water in zinc containing enzymes can be assumed to correlate primarily with the number of negatively charged protein ligands coordinated by the active-site zinc ion. PMID- 7011797 TI - Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli: their role in the degradation of p-hydroxyphenylacetate and gamma-aminobutyrate. AB - Two physically and genetically distinct forms of succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase have been identified in Escherichia coli B. The two enzymes could be separated by filtration on Sephadex G-150 and their apparent molecular weights were 200 000 and 97 000. The larger enzyme, which is specific for NADP, is induced by growth on gamma-aminobutyrate. Its induction is highly coordinated with that of gamma-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase, the enzyme which initiates degradation of gamma-aminobutyrate. The smaller enzyme, which is induced by growth on p-hydroxyphenylacetate, has been purified to 98% homogeneity by affinity chromatography in conjunction with conventional methods. Under standard assay conditions this enzyme acts preferentially with NAD but reduces NADP at 15% of the rate observed for NAD, primarily because of a difference in Km. Apparent Km values for succinic semialdehyde and NAD are 13.3 +/- 1.3 microM and 33.7 +/- 1.4 microM, respectively. The subunit molecular weight was estimated to be 55 000, indicating that the native enzyme is dimeric. The NAD-dependent succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is also induced by exposure of cells to exogenous succinic semialdehyde, a treatment which has no effect on the amount of other enzymes of p-hydroxyphenylacetate or gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism. Apparently the gene for this enzyme functions independently from the genes encoding the other enzymes of p-hydroxyphenyl-acetate degradation. As a consequence of its induction mechanism, this NAD-dependent dehydrogenase is also present in extracts of E. coli B grown with gamma-aminobutyrate as sole nitrogen source, in addition to the NADP-specific enzyme involved in gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism. Presumably the NAD-dependent enzyme is gratuitously induced by succinic semialdehyde formed by transamination of gamma-aminobutyrate. PMID- 7011798 TI - [Structure of the heptose region of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K12 CR34 (author's transl)]. AB - The heptose region of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli K12 CR34 was studied. The glucose linked to the heptose II was found to be substituted by a D galactose and the linear chain of the core polysaccharide has two (1 lead to 3) linked heptoses. The heptose II is substituted by a lateral (1 leads to 7) linked heptose III and heptose I is linked in (1 leads to 5) to 2-deoxy-D-manno octulosonic acid. The three sugars of the linear chain, heptose I, heptose II and glucose are substituted by phosphate, pyrophosphate or pyrophosphorylethanolamine group linked to C-4 hydroxyl groups. However, in some polysaccharidic chains one or two substituting groups may be absent. This result may explain the heterogeneity in the length of the core polysaccharidic chains. PMID- 7011800 TI - Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity by polymeric NAD derivatives with different NAD densities. AB - Polymeric NAD derivatives with different NAD densities were prepared by the copolymerization of NAD N6-[N-(N-acryloyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-5-aminopentyl) propionamide] with acrylamide in different molar ratios, from 4 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-2). The cofactor activities of the polymeric NAD derivatives for lactate, yeast alcohol and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases decreased with the increase in the NAD density of the polymer, and the lactate dehydrogenase showed no activity for the polymeric NAD derivatives with NAD densities of 2 x 10(-3) and 1 x 10(-2) mol/mol acrylamide polymerized. The polymeric NAD derivatives inhibited the activities of lactate and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases but did not inhibit those of horse liver alcohol and malate dehydrogenases. The polymeric NAD derivatives were competitive inhibitors with respect to NAD for the reaction of lactate dehydrogenase: the inhibition constant decreased from 2.2 microM to 0.02 microM with the increase in the NAD density from 4 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-2) mol/mol acrylamide polymerized. PMID- 7011799 TI - Effect of trypsin treatment of rat adipocytes on biological effects and binding of insulin and insulin-like growth factors: further evidence for the action of insulin-like growth factors through the insulin receptor. AB - Trypsin-treatment of isolated rat adipocytes abolishes the metabolic effects not only of insulin, but also of the insulin-like growth factors: in trypsin-treated cells, concentrations of these hormones that are otherwise maximally effective no longer stimulate 3-O-methylglucose transport and lipogenesis or inhibit epinephrine induced lipolysis. Concomitantly, the trypsin-treated adipocytes no longer display specific insulin binding. In contrast, the characteristics of the binding of the insulin-like growth factors are not grossly affected by prior trypsinization of the adipocytes. These findings add further support to the concept that the insulin-like growth factors act on glucose metabolism and antilipolysis via the insulin receptor of the adipocyte. PMID- 7011801 TI - Decrease in the S1 protein of 30-S ribosomal subunits in polyamine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli grown in the absence of polyamines. AB - The reason for the decrease of polypeptide-synthetic activity of 30-S ribosomal subunits obtained from two polyamine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli, grown in the absence of polyamines, has been studied by analyzing the total and split proteins of 30-S subunits by disc gel and slab gel electrophoresis. It was concluded that the decrease of S1 protein in 30-S subunits was responsible for the decrease of polypeptide synthesis in polyamine-requiring mutants of E. coli grown in the absence of polyamines. PMID- 7011802 TI - Fluorimetry study of N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide-labelled F-actin. Local structural change of actin protomer both on polymerization and on binding of heavy meromyosin. AB - A fluorescent reagent, N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide, was conjugated to rabbit skeletal muscle actin at the site of the most reactive sulfhydryl group, and fluorescence characteristics (excitation and emission spectra, quantum yields, lifetimes) of the conjugate were investigated. Associated with polymerization of labelled G-actin, the fluorescence intensity at 407 nm, after excitation at 365 nm, was enhanced by a factor of about 25. It was reduced to about 25% on the binding of heavy meromyosin (or subfragment 1). The results suggest that binding of heavy meromyosin to the protomer of F-actin alters the local structure of the protomer towards a G-actin-like one. PMID- 7011803 TI - Competition between two pathways for sugar uptake by the phosphoenolpyruvate dependent sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The interaction between the two pathways for glucose entry via the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, i.e. via enzyme II-A/II-B and enzymes II-BGlc/IIIGlc, was studied in Salmonella typhimurium. Thio-beta-D glucoside and 5-thio-D-glucose were shown to be substrates of P-pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase specific for enzyme II-BGlc both in intact cells and in toluene-treated cells of S. typhimurium. The activity of the II-A/II-B pathway was strongly inhibited by the presence of II-BGlc substrates. It is concluded that the two pathways compete for phosphoryl groups provided by P-pyruvate, and that under the conditions tested the flow of phosphoryl groups through enzyme I/HPr is the rate-limiting step in vivo of activity of the pathways studied. The results corroborate the proposed mechanism of the regulatory function of the P pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system which predicts a net dephosphorylation of components of the P-pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase in the presence of a substrate of P-pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase. PMID- 7011804 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates. Characterization of the inhibitor generated in the postribosomal supernatant by heating at 44 degrees C. AB - Heating of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate at 44 degrees C, in the presence of optimal concentrations of haemin, results in an inhibition of protein synthesis and in the appearance of an inhibitory activity in the postribosomal supernatant. These effects of supraoptimal heating are similar to those observed in lysates and supernatants incubated at physiological temperatures in the absence of haemin. In this paper we examined whether the haem-regulated inhibitor produced by treating postribosomal supernatant with N-ethylmaleimide and the inhibitor generated by heating at 44 degrees C in the presence of haemin are the same molecular entity. Both inhibitors behaved similarly through a partial purification consisting of 50% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and had the same pattern of polypeptides after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, when incubated with an antiserum to the haem-regulated inhibitor the activity of the 44 degrees C heated supernatant was not neutralized, whereas that of its more purified fractions was. This apparent contradiction was shown to be due to an interference of the immune serum assay by the levels of proinhibitor and haemoglobin present in the crude supernatant. Further experiments, with extensively diluted 44 degrees C supernatants or with isolated proinhibitor subsequently heated, are consistent with the conclusion that both heating at supraoptimal temperatures and incubating in the absence of haem finally activate the same inhibitor. PMID- 7011805 TI - Isolation of two hydrogenase activities in Chromatium. AB - Kinetic, chromatographic and electrophoretic studies of Chromatium hydrogenase show the existence in vitro of two different activities (I and II). The two hydrogenases exhibit different kinetic parameters and properties. Using reduced methyl viologen, Km and [S]0.5 values of about 20 microM and 360 microM were calculated for the hydrogenases I and II, respectively. Hill plots revealed that hydrogenase I followed classical hyperbolic (Michaelis-Menten) kinetics. However, a Hill coefficient (h = 0.68) indicating non-hyperbolic kinetics could be shown for hydrogenase II. After several purification steps hydrogenase II still showed kinetics typical of the action of either (a) two enzymes each of which shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics but with different substrate affinities or (b) only one enzyme which shows apparent negative cooperative regulation. The molecular weights of the hydrogenases were about 37,000 (I) and 55,000 (II) when determined by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that both enzymes give a coincidental single protein band with the same relative mobility indicating a molecular weight of 31,000. Both hydrogenases were able to catalyse the reversible activation of H2 in the presence of artificial electron carriers but with different rates, hydrogenase II being much more active in the H2-uptake mode. The kinetic properties and molecular weight of hydrogenase II are partially modified by high ionic strength resulting in an increased substrate affinity and Hill coefficient and thus resembling hydrogenase I. These results are interpreted as due to the existence in vitro of monomeric and dimeric forms of Chromatium hydrogenase. PMID- 7011806 TI - An analysis of activity determinations in a series of coupled redox reactions with special reference to hydrogenase. AB - In this paper a spectrophotometric method is described to study the effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity of hydrogenase, which will be applied in the following paper. The theoretical part of this paper gives the mathematical description of a system in which a redox mediator is continuously reduced by a redox system, in a non-rate-limiting way and continuously enzymatically oxidized, in a rate-limiting way. Due to the changes in redox potential during the course of the reaction the ratio reduced/oxidized redox mediator declines gradually. It is possible to relate the changes in this ratio to the actual amount of product formed. The calculation of product formation has been applied to the production of hydrogen by hydrogenase in a system with a redox mediator, whose reduced form functions as the ultimate electron donor for hydrogenase, and the dithionite/(bi)sulphite redox couple as reducing system. The changes in the ratio reduced/oxidized redox mediator as a function of pH and redox potential, followed spectrophotometrically, have been related to the hydrogen production activity of hydrogenase. The second part of the paper deals with the analysis of the theory and describes the conditions under which the method can be used with methyl viologen as redox mediator. The conditions for determining the pH dependence of the hydrogen production activity manometrically are also described. PMID- 7011807 TI - The effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity of the hydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii. AB - The effects of temperature on the ionization constant (pK') and apparent midpoint potential (EB) of the unprotonated species of Megasphaera elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone shows that, above 15 degrees C, delta pK' . K-1 = -9.7 X 10(-3) and delta EB . K-1 = -0.6 mV. The effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity with fixed concentrations of methyl viologen semiquinone (0.3 mM; artificial donor) and M. elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone (50 microM; natural donor) show that with decreasing pH the activity increases. Irrespective of the pH and electron donor, at increasing redox potential, a redox-potential independent production activity is followed by a redox-potential-dependent production activity. This redox-potential-dependent behaviour of the hydrogen production activity represents an n = 2-type of redox titration curve with an 'apparent midpoint potential' which corresponds with the potential of the hydrogen electrode at that pH. The effect of pH on the manometrically determined hydrogen production activity (direct) is in good agreement with that determined spectrophotometrically (indirect; see preceding paper), with both electron donors tested. In contrast to predictions from the models for hydrogenase activity [van Dijk et al. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem.102, 317--330], a double-reciprocal plot of the kinetic data for M. elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone at pH 5.5 is non-linear. A slightly adapted kinetic model based on a similar mathematical formulation of its rate equation, to explain the effects of redox potential, proton and electron (donor) concentration on the hydrogenase activity is proposed. This model also explains, on a theoretical basis, the effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity. The effect of pH on the hydrogen oxidation activity with methyl viologen and benzyl viologen as electron acceptors shows for both dyes an optimum at pH 9.7. The ratio of the activities with both viologens is constant over the ph range tested. PMID- 7011808 TI - Large-scale purification and some properties of malate synthase from baker's yeast. AB - 1. Malate synthase from baker's yeast (5 kg) was purified 400--500-fold to homogeneity. About 50--200 mg homogeneous enzyme were obtained within a week in a yield of 30% with reference to the total activity in cell-free crude extracts. The enzyme, pI = 7.5, was pure as judged from ultracentrifugal and gel electrophoretic studies. 2. Sedimentation and diffusion coefficients were determined: S 0 20,w = 8.26 +/- 0.05 S, D 0 20,w = 4.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(-7) cm2 s-1. The molecular weight of the synthase was found to be 175 000 +/- 10 000 and 180 000 +/- 10 000 by sedimentation/diffusion and by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium respectively. It was concluded from these and other results that malate synthase has a molecular mass of 180 000 +/- 10 000. 3. The synthase on sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis was dissociated to yield a single specimen of Mr about 66 000. The result indicates a composition of the native enzyme from three subunits of identical or nearly identical mass. 4. The binding of acetyl-coenzyme A to the synthase is independent of Mg2+ but that of glyoxylate is strictly dependent on the presence of Mg2+. Kinetic studies indicate that the malate synthase reaction follows a sequential random mechanism. 5. The intermolecular isotopic effect, kH:k2H = 1.4, was determined with acetyl coenzyme A and [2H3]acetyl-coenzyme A under several different experimental conditions and was shown to reflect different maximal velocities of the two substrates. An enzymic procedure for the preparation of doubly labelled [3H, 14C]acetyl-coenzyme A is also presented. PMID- 7011810 TI - The complete primary structure of the phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein from bovine liver. Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides. PMID- 7011809 TI - Purification and characterisation of a membrane-bound substance-P-degrading enzyme from human brain. AB - A membrane-bound enzyme which degrades substance P (an undecapeptide) has been purified from human brain. The properties of this enzyme suggest that it may be involved in the physiological inactivation of the peptide by neural tissues. Enzyme activity was extracted from a membrane fraction of human diencephalon with a non-ionic detergent, Brij 35, and activity was monitored by measuring the disappearance of added substance P using radioimmunoassay, bioassay or radiochemical assay. The enzyme was purified about 1000-fold by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex gel filtration columns. To identify the cleavage sites in substance P, the peptide was incubated with the purified enzyme and the breakdown products were separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and identified by amino acid analysis. The results suggested that the enzyme preparation was functionally homogeneous and it cleaved substance P between Gln6-Phe7, Phe7-Phe8 and Phe8-Gly9, with no exopeptidase action. The enzyme had a pH optimum in the range 7--9 and was strongly inhibited by metal-chelating agents, but not affected by most other peptidase inhibitors; it can thus be classified as a neutral metallo endopeptidase. The enzyme was thermolabile and had a molecular weight of 40 000- 50 000 as estimated by gel filtration, density-gradient ultracentrifugation and sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis. The highly purified substance-P degrading enzyme could be distinguished from previously described peptidases for which substance P is a substrate. An important feature was that substance P was the preferred substrate among various other neuropeptides tested. PMID- 7011812 TI - Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli K12. Comparative characterization of the free and the complex-bound component. AB - The regulation of the biosynthesis of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is dependent on the biosynthesis of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The gene coding for the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase appears to be included in the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase operon. Possibly a secondary promoter is inserted. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase was purified in its free form using a dihydrolipoamide-agarose affinity column and avoiding denaturating conditions. The enzyme shows complete cross-reactivity with antibodies against the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and has a higher specific activity than any preparations described thus far. The transition state activation energy of the catalytic activity is smaller for the complex-bound enzyme than that found for the free enzyme. In its complexed form, the enzyme also proves to be somewhat more stable under alkaline conditions. The reaction catalyzed by the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase shows the behaviour of a ping-pong mechanism. The Michaelis constants for the substrates NAD and dihydrolipoamide found with the free enzyme are about four times those observed with the enzyme integrated into the native complex. The catalytic reaction of both forms of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is inhibited by NADH. The mechanism of this inhibition cannot simply be explained by a product inhibition. Rather the further reduction of the catalytically active, half-reduced enzyme form to the catalytically inactive, fully reduced form has to be considered as causing the inhibition. PMID- 7011811 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli K12. Purification and characterization. AB - Free pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the Escherichia coli K12 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was isolated from a mutant lacking the dihydrolipoamide transacetylase component. The procedure, employing three chromatographic steps, yields a product that is electrophoretically pure. The purified enzyme reassociates with the residual complex lacking this component to a fully active enzyme complex. The kinetic characteristics of the free component were compared to that of the enzyme integrated into the native complex molecule. No essential differences could be detected regarding the behaviour of the catalytic reaction with variations in temperature, pH and substrate concentration. An inhibition, competitive to pyruvate, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component (Ki = 18 microM) by fluoropyruvate was observed with both enzyme forms. Pyruvate exerts a cooperative effect both upon the partial enzyme reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component as well as upon the overall reaction of the native enzyme complex. However, there is a clear difference in the shape of the saturation curves of both types of reaction. Experiments with the free enzyme, with the component integrated into the native complex molecule and with enzyme complexes which are partially deficient in the pyruvate dehydrogenase component demonstrate that the type of saturation curves obtained were characteristic for the reaction observed rather than for the interaction of a high number of subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 7011813 TI - Factors modulating transcription and translation in vitro of ribosomal protein S20 and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli. AB - The DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system developed by Zubay [Zubay, G. (1973) Annu. Rev. Genet. 7, 267--287] was optimized for the transcription and translation of genes from the 0.5-min region of the Escherichia coli chromosome carried by transducing lambda phages. The E. coli gene products synthesized were isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, ribosomal protein S20, dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase and (possibly) the two subunits carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Formation of ribosomal protein S20 is specifically stimulated by the addition of 16-S rRNA and not by 5-S or 23-S rRNA. 16-S rRNA increases the rate of S20 synthesis, the final yield of product depends on the duration of persistence of the RNA added. Addition of 16-S rRNA to the separate transcription and translation systems showed that it is the translation of the S20 mRNA which is enhanced. Furthermore, S20 synthesis is stimulated more than fourfold when concomitant synthesis of rRNA occurs from a plasmid carrying an rrn transcriptional unit. The results described are explained in terms of a model which suggests that ribosomal protein S20 feedback inhibits its synthesis at the translational level and that removal of S20 into ribosomal assembly (i.e. binding to 16-S rRNA) releases inhibition. The model postulates a direct link between synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein and between the rates of ribosomal assembly and ribosomal protein synthesis. The stimulatory effect of guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate on isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase formation and its inhibition of the synthesis of ribosomal protein S20 in vitro occurs at the level of transcription. Its relevance in vivo, however, remains to be demonstrated. Formation of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase in vitro is not influenced either by the addition of a surplus of purified enzyme nor by the limitation of protein synthesis by the addition of anti-(isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase) serum. There is no evidence, therefore, that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is autogenously regulated. PMID- 7011814 TI - On the role of ribosylthymine in prokaryotic tRNA function. AB - tRNAPhe and tRNALys were isolated from an Escherichia coli K12 mutant deficient in ribosylthymine (rT) and from the wild-type strain. The sequence G-rT-psi-C which is common to loop IV of practically all tRNAs used in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis reads G-U-psi-C in the tRNAs of the mutant strain. The purified tRNAs were compared in various steps of protein biosynthesis. The poly(U)-dependent poly(Phe) synthesis performed with purified Phe-tRNAPhe and purified elongation factors showed no dependence on the presence or absence of ribosylthymine in the respective tRNAs. In contrast, the corresponding poly(A) dependent poly(Lys) synthesis was markedly increased when Lys-tRNALys lacking rT was used. The analysis of individual functional steps of the poly(A)-dependent elongation cycle demonstrated that the absence of rT reduced the binding to the A site and improved the translocation reaction, whereas the formation of the ternary complex EF-Tu . GTP . aa-tRNA as well as both tRNA binding to the P-site and the peptidyltransferase reaction remained unaffected. The presence of U in place of rT in tRNA increases the misincorporation of leucine in an optimized poly(U)/poly(Phe) system from about 3 in 10 000 to 3 in 1000. Our results are in agreement with the view that rT is involved in tRNA binding to the A-site in contrast to the P-site, and suggested that the presence of rT in tRNA improves the fidelity of the decoding process at the A-site of the ribosome. PMID- 7011815 TI - Capillary radioimmunoassay of insulin. AB - Capillary radioimmunoassay -- a modification of the coated tube technique -- is described. The assay is equivalent (accuracy, sensitivity, precision) to conventional methods for insulin determination; it overcomes, however, the necessity of centrifugation or filtration and offers the added bonus of being automation compatible. PMID- 7011817 TI - Orthotopic rat liver transplantation using different combinations of four inbred strains. AB - Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat was performed using different combinations of four inbred strains. The influence of infection and rejection on the early fate of the grafts were studied with a particular emphasis on histomorphological changes and their diagnostic interpretation. PMID- 7011816 TI - The coagulation system in septic newborns. PMID- 7011819 TI - Renal effect of SB 7505: a double-blind study. AB - Two groups of 20 patients with no evidence of cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or gastrointestinal failure were treated orally for five days with placebo or SB 7505 100 mg/day. No change was observed in heart rate or blood pressure. Urine output, the excretion of Na, K and Cl, and creatinine clearance were significantly increased. PMID- 7011818 TI - The measurement of biological age. AB - One of the objectives of gerontological research is to achieve, reproducibly and at will, a verifiable discrepancy between the chronological and biological age of organisms. To accomplish this, the experimenter must be in a position to measure biological age independently. In theory, this can be done in the three ways: by actuarial analysis of large populations, assessment of overall morbidity, or observation of chronic degenerative changes that can be actually measured or graded according to a scale. Of these three approaches, only the last appears to be promising in experimental research. However, not all progressive degenerative changes represent practically useful parameters of biological age. Criteria for their evaluation are presented, and their theoretical prerequisites as well as concrete applications discussed. In a more general way, one has to be aware that biological age is a statistical entity. It cannot be directly observed but only inferred from quantifiable epiphenomena, and is, as such, not measurable like temperature or weight. PMID- 7011820 TI - Demonstration of T lymphocytotoxic human fetal antibody against maternal T and concanavalin A-inducible adult T cells in cord IgM. AB - To clarify reasons of the constant presence of IgM in human cord blood, some functions of this immunoglobulin class were analyzed. Cord IgM was collected from cord blood, and the cord IgM F(ab')2 fragment was obtained by trypsin cleavage. Maternal T and adult T cells were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated cord IgM and FITC-cord F(ab')2 mu. Cord IgM, unlike cord IgG, bound to about one-third of maternal and one-fourth of adult T cells and killed them, but it killed only a small proportion of the B cells. However, adult F(ab)'2 mu did not kill these cells. Cord T cells were not killed by cord IgM. Thus, it is apparent that cord IgM contains cytotoxic antibodies against maternal and adult T cells. T lymphocytotoxic fetal antibody (TLFA) may be largely responsible for the absence of maternal T cells in cord blood. The percentage of [3H]thymidine incorporation into concanavalin A-induced adult mononuclear cells treated with cord IgM containing TLFA was 56.0 +/- 17.9% (p less than 0.01) and that into pokeweed mitogen-induced cells treated with the cord IgM preparation was 100.3 +/ 17.8% (p greater than 0.05) indicating the possibility that TLFA might kill a certain subset(s) of T cells. PMID- 7011821 TI - Genetic control of T helper cell function in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis. AB - The genetic control of the collaboration between Xenopus T and B cells has been analyzed in vivo using cells from five strains of major histocompatibility complex-defined Xenopus. When carrier (fowl gamma-globulin)-primed T cells and hapten (dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin)-primed B cells differed by minor histocompatibility antigens or by only one haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex, the collaboration was efficient in the sense that large numbers of plaques, low-molecular weight antibodies and high-affinity IgM antibodies could be recorded in the cultures challenged with dinitrophenylated fowl gamma-globulin. However, when T and B cells differed at both alleles of the major histocompatibility complex, lower numbers of plaques were obtained, no low molecular weight anti-hapten antibodies could be detected, and the IgM antibodies that were sometimes synthesized were of low affinity. This suggests that the major histocompatibility complex, or a gene linked with it, affects the collaboration between Xenopus T and B cells in a way perhaps similar to that described in mammals. PMID- 7011822 TI - The organization of actin in spreading macrophages. The actin-cytoskeleton of peritoneal macrophages is linked to the substratum via transmembrane connections. PMID- 7011823 TI - Distribution of cells areas in normal and transplanted corneas. PMID- 7011824 TI - Organ culture and immunohistochemistry of the genetically malformed lens, in eye lens obsolescence, Elo, of the mouse. PMID- 7011825 TI - Contractile protein alteration in trabecular endothelium in primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7011826 TI - Evaluation of the corneal endothelial mosaic using an analysis of nearest neighbor distances. PMID- 7011827 TI - The effect of hormones on the haemodynamics in animals of different age groups. PMID- 7011829 TI - Life table analysis of long-term randomised trials in pneumology--a worked example and a plea. PMID- 7011828 TI - Mechanism of cough and its regulation. PMID- 7011830 TI - Cough and expectoration: general discussion. PMID- 7011831 TI - Principles of measurement of cough depressing effect. PMID- 7011832 TI - Oral acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis. A co-operative study. PMID- 7011833 TI - Controlled endoscopic study on gastroduodenal safety of acetylcysteine after oral administration. PMID- 7011834 TI - [Multicenter, double-blind study of oral acetylcysteine vs. placebo]. AB - The mucolytic activity of acetylcysteine (NAC) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial performed in three pneumology centres and involving a total of 215 patients with the following diagnoses: 84 acute bronchitis, 95 superinfections of chronic bronchitis, 36 complicated bronchitis in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency. Treatment consisted of 1 sachet of 200 mg NAC t.i.d. for 10 days. Standard antibiotic therapy (amoxycillin 1.5 g/day) was concurrently administered for 7 days. Statistical analysis comparing sputum volume and viscosity, sedation of cough and improvement of PEFR in 108 NAC and in 107 placebo treated patients, showed that NAC was very significantly more effective than placebo. The effect of NAC was negligible in the 36 patients with complicated bronchitis, whereas it was evident and remarkable in patients with acute and chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7011835 TI - Clinical evaluation of acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a balanced double-blind trial with placebo control. PMID- 7011836 TI - Long-term oral acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. a double-blind controlled study. PMID- 7011837 TI - A comparative immunohistological study of cerebellar enolases. Double labelling technique and immunoelectronmicroscopy. AB - A comparative immunohistological study of the neurone-specific gamma gamma enolase and alpha alpha enolase, demonstrates the exclusive neuronal localization of gamma gamma enolase and its absence from glial cells. In contrast, alpha alpha enolase is located in astroglial cells. The validity of gamma gamma enolase as a neuronal marker and alpha alpha enolase as an astrocytic marker, is confirmed both by a double labelling technique, using antibodies to alpha alpha and to gamma gamma revealed with fluorescence or peroxidase in the same tissue sections, and by immunoelectronmicroscopy. PMID- 7011838 TI - Termination of cortical afferents on identified neurons in the caudate nucleus of the cat. A combined Golgi-EM degeneration study. AB - A combined Golgi/electron microscopic technique was used to investigate tne fine structure and synaptology of Golgi-stained spiny neurons in the caudate nucleus of the cat. In order to study the termination sites of cortical afferents on Golgi-stained spiny neurons, cortical fibres were caused to degenerate by making extensive cortical lesions 3 days prior to fixation of the animals. When examined in the electron microscope, perikarya of labelled spiny neurons have a round nucleus, a few mitochondria and microtubules, and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only rarely are axo-somatic contacts seen. Labelled dendrites exhibit a moderate number of microtubules and sometimes elongated mitochondria. Numerous labelled spines are seen in the vicinity of their parent dendrites. They are contacted by smaller type I and type III boutons and larger type IV boutons (Hassler et al. 1978). Large boutons filled with clear round vesicles establish symmetric contacts with labelled dendritic shafts. Degenerating boutons of cortical afferents are seen in contact with spines and, more rarely, with dendritic shafts of Golgi-stained spiny neurons. All degenerating boutons synapsing with labelled structures are found some distance from the cell body. No contacts of degenerating cortical boutons with the soma or with stem dendrites of Golgi-stained spiny neurons are found. PMID- 7011839 TI - Abortion in the United States, 1978-1979. PMID- 7011840 TI - Family therapy for the historian?--The case of William James. AB - Family therapists disagree over the utility of historical reconstruction for treatment. Following either a behavioral or a psychoanalytic paradigm, theorists insist that history is irrelevant or essential to the treatment process. This paper demonstrates how a variety of family therapy concepts were used in his historical research into the life of the family of William James, the American psychologist and philosopher (1842-1910). This is offered as evidence both that family theory has a contribution to make to the writing of history and that the historical process is important to family therapy. It is suggested that clinical actuality calls forth interventions within both paradigms, often by the same therapist with the same family. The alternatives need not be mutually exclusive, though theory-building is clarified by talking as if the therapist were confronted by an either/or choice. PMID- 7011841 TI - [Pharmacokinetic consequences of aging]. PMID- 7011842 TI - Small-angle X-ray study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase core enzyme and partial complex beta alpha 2 from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7011843 TI - Activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in isolated fat cell mitochondria by hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide. PMID- 7011845 TI - Isolation and characterization of nuclei and nuclear membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts. PMID- 7011844 TI - Protease resistance of aspartate aminotransferase imported in mitochondria. PMID- 7011846 TI - History of pellagra. PMID- 7011847 TI - The insect theory of pellagra. PMID- 7011849 TI - Effects of different methods of processing maize on its pellagragenic activity. PMID- 7011848 TI - Discovery of the effect of tryptophan on niacin deficiency. PMID- 7011850 TI - Early studies on nicotinic acid in animal nutrition. PMID- 7011851 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Teziakov]. PMID- 7011852 TI - [Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) and folk medicine]. PMID- 7011853 TI - Early pregnancy factor: its role in mammalian reproduction--research review. AB - An immunosuppressive early pregnancy factor associated with mammalian reproduction is currently attracting considerable interest. Research into its detection, site of production, distribution, immunosuppressive property, characterization, and application is in progress in a number of laboratories. This review aims to crystallize the current research findings and to identify significant areas for further investigation and application. PMID- 7011854 TI - [Therapy of jaw cysts]. PMID- 7011855 TI - [Enamel formations on teeth in skulls from the 7th and 8th centuries]. PMID- 7011856 TI - Oral and maxillofacial surgery: a review of the literature. PMID- 7011857 TI - Further studies on acid proteolytic activity in the fore gut of Xenopus laevis larvae. PMID- 7011858 TI - The first fifty years 1931-1981. PMID- 7011859 TI - [Esthetics in the picture]. PMID- 7011860 TI - [Stability of dowel pins]. PMID- 7011863 TI - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry. PMID- 7011861 TI - [Fixed or removable partial dentures. (II)]. PMID- 7011862 TI - The parameters of better casting, part 1. PMID- 7011864 TI - Specific biochemical and immunological properties of some water-soluble glycoproteins produced by rat gastric mucosal scrapings in vitro. PMID- 7011865 TI - Subcellular distribution of intravenously injected 125I-labelled insulin in rat liver. PMID- 7011867 TI - Tribute to Sir Hans Krebs. PMID- 7011868 TI - Effect of insulin on the electrophoretic mobility of chick and human erythrocytes. PMID- 7011866 TI - Study on alpha-glucosidases in four human colon malignant tumors developed into nude mice. PMID- 7011869 TI - The implication of the topography of dissimilatory nitrite reductase and methanol dehydrogenase in Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 7011870 TI - Inhibition kinetics of a trypsin-like neutral proteinase on the surface of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells. PMID- 7011871 TI - Peptidase activity during the maturation of rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 7011873 TI - Hepatic bile salt transport. A review of subcellular binding sites. AB - Bile-salt transport is an example of the remarkable ability of the liver to remove anions rapidly and efficiently from blood and excrete them into bile. It appears that uptake of bile salts involves receptor proteins in the hepatocyte membrane whereas transport across the cell is by diffusion in free solution. Excretion into bile may also require receptor proteins. It is worth emphasizing that many of the studies described in this review were performed in rats. Unlike humans the rat does not possess a gall bladder and it seems likely, therefore, that in this animal hepatic bile-salt uptake will occur at a relatively constant rate throughout the day. In the human, however, little uptake will occur during periods of fasting, since the bile-salt pool is retained in the gall bladder. PMID- 7011872 TI - Neutral proteinases secreted by chondrocytes and activated macrophages in vitro. PMID- 7011875 TI - Structure, function and evolution of the mammalian hexokinases. PMID- 7011876 TI - Evolutionary relationships among the hexokinases by thin-layer peptide 'mapping'. PMID- 7011874 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity and glucose transport in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7011877 TI - Isotope-exchange evidence for allosteric regulation of hexokinase II by glucose 6 phosphate and for an obligatory addition of substrates. PMID- 7011878 TI - Hexose monophosphate shunt and labelling of amino acids in rat brain after injection of [U-14C]glucose. PMID- 7011879 TI - The initial stage in the dehydrogenation of dihydrodiols. PMID- 7011880 TI - Ketogenesis: regulatory factors in vivo. PMID- 7011881 TI - The degradation of insulin by human granulocytes and mononuclear leucocytes. PMID- 7011882 TI - The effects of colchicine on insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7011883 TI - Changes in the zeta potential of chick erythrocytes after the addition of insulin. PMID- 7011884 TI - The effect of pH on 86Rubidium efflux from pancreatic islet cells. AB - The influence of pH on the K+ permeability of pancreatic islet cells was investigated by measuring 86Rb+ fluxes in isolated rat islets perifused or incubated in the absence of glucose. Acidification of the medium (to pH 6.5), by decreasing the concentration of HCO-3 or by increasing pCO2 at constant HCO-3 reversibly reduced the rate of 86Rb+ efflux from perifused islets. Alkalinization of the medium (to pH 7.8), by decreasing the pCO2, reversibly increased 86Rb+ efflux. Similar changes were recorded upon alteration of the pH in a bicarbonate free, Hepes-buffered medium with or without calcium. Alteration of the CO2 level at constant external pH - in order to modify internal pH - produced only a small and transient increase in efflux rate when CO2 was lowered, and a decrease in efflux rate when CO2 was raised. NH4Cl reversibly augmented 86Rb+ efflux in the presence and in the absence of HCO-3. At low pH (6.5), 86Rb+ uptake by islet cells was reduced after 10 min (25%) and 30 min (11%), but not after 60 min, of incubation; it was not significantly affected by high pH (7.8). Calcium uptake and insulin release were reduced at low pH and increased at high pH. These results show that the K+ permeability of islet cells is affected by changes in extracellular but not in intracellular pH. They suggest that the endogenous production of protons that accompanies glucose stimulation of islet cells is not the mediator of the decrease in K+ permeability induced by the sugar. PMID- 7011885 TI - MOde of entry of steroid and thyroid hormones into cells. AB - Characteristics of the processes by which steroid and thyroid hormones enter tissues, cells and membrane vesicles are reviewed. Several authors suggest that entry is by passive diffusion: the accumulation within cells is attributed to cytoplasmic binding proteins. Other authors, however, propose a membrane-mediated process of entry. The involvement of saturability, high specificity, sensitivity to temperature, sulfhydryl and cell-surface-perturbing reagents and hydrolytic enzymes support the latter view. Purified plasma-membrane vesicle preparations retain several characteristics of entry shown by intact cells. Intracellular hormone-binding protein would not contribute to processes observed with these preparations. PMID- 7011886 TI - Intergenerational factors in the etiology of anencephalus and spina bifida. AB - To test the hypothesis that events and conditions early in women's lives influence their future risk of producing babies with anencephalus and spina bifida, a case-control study compared mothers of affected infants with mothers whose infants were normal. Occupational class scores of husbands and fathers of the case mothers and control mothers were also compared. While there was no difference between the scores of case and control husbands, the mean score of fathers of case mothers was significantly less than that of the fathers of control mothers. This can be an indication that case mothers grew up under less favorable conditions. These findings, in conjunction with the pattern evident from previous epidemiological studies, support the hypothesis that intergenerational factors play a role in the etiology of these defects. PMID- 7011887 TI - Influence of social class on the risk of recurrence of anencephalus and spina bifida. AB - This study suggests that social class has an effect on the incidence of anencephalus and spina bifida, the malformations being more frequent in the lower socio-economic groups. A family study of 226 patients with a CNS malformation suggests that social class also may be important in determining the recurrence risk of such malformations: there are higher risks in social classes III, IV and V than in social classes I and II. PMID- 7011888 TI - Spina bifida: implications for 100 children at school. AB - One hundred children with spina bifida were examined at home and reviewed at the schools they attended. The severity of the handicap had not been appreciated at the time of school entry. 27 of the 41 children who were over 10 years of age had become wheel-chair dependent; 39 of the 100 children had an IQ below 80, and incontinence remained a problem for 68 children. 64 had visual defects, including two who were totally blind, 27 had epilepsy, and 87 had suffered fractures, burns, scalds or pressure sores. Most of the children had started at an ordinary school. The teachers had to give a disproportionate amount of attention to the handicapped child, but were themselves often given inadequate information and support. Many children had learning difficulties. As they grew older their incontinence was less well tolerated. Wheelchair dependency precluded their admission to an ordinary secondary school with stairs, so the majority of older children attended special schools. Only very few will enter normal employment, and many will require a period of education and training beyond the usual school leaving age. The education of such children should have realistic goals and aim at achieving the maximum degree of self-care. PMID- 7011889 TI - Clinical study of exocrine pancreatic function test by oral administration by N benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. AB - The clinical usefulness of a simple exocrine pancreatic function diagnostic test (PFT) was examined by the oral administration of 500 mg of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p aminobenzoic acid. Recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the urine was significantly lower in patients with calcifying chronic pancreatitis (58.6%) and noncalcifying chronic pancreatitis (68.6%) than in healthy normal subjects (81.0%; p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Abnormally low values were demonstrated in 15 out of 19 (78.9%) chronic pancreatitis cases. In comparing the PFT with the pancreozymin secretin test, a good correlation (P less than 0.001) with maximum bicarbonate concentration was detected. In cases which were abnormal with respect to the PFT, the recovery rate of PABA was increased by the administration of antacids or digestive enzyme preparations (average increase of 24.1 or 29.8%, respectively). These results suggest that this test is also useful for the evaluation of therapeutic effects in patients with pancreatic diseases. PMID- 7011890 TI - Tissue interactions in tooth development. PMID- 7011891 TI - [Congenital coronary disease and myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7011892 TI - [Structure of the skull in early man as an expression of his life in the forest and his subsequent development]. AB - Against the general theory, evolution of man happened in the steppe, the present study takes in view the hypothesis, that it took place in the wood. The idea of an immediate settlement of the steppe by the anthropoid ape-like prehominidian after having entirely left the zone of treetop is improbable, because this hitherto predominant occupant of tree was still strongly handicaped in bipedal walk. Besides he would have been removed into a for him extremely strange landscape, a drinkwater- and shadow-poor hot living space, the high risk of existence of it he was not able to overcome without experience, sufficient quick adaptability and without any technical ability to defence against wild beasts. The development of the special skull structures of fossil early man forms, especially those of the Tori supraorbitales, the Torus occipitalis, the thickness of the wall and the considerable length of the skull, seems only have been possible in a phylogenetic long living in the wood by elimination of populations, which mostly were not seriously damageable any more by contusions of branches and falling branches. With regard to the question concerning the geographical region of man's origin apparently could only South-Asia make available the necessary local environmental conditions, which were offered there by reason of active tectonics during the Miocene and the Pliocene by corresponding change of climate. These repeatedly occuring depressions of climate caused by accumulated crisis of existence a hard selection of adaptive pre- and early man forms increasing of a higher degree. In the remaining continents of the Old World had obviously been missing the active geotectonic impulsion, which necessary for the development of the higher vertebrates and the man. PMID- 7011894 TI - [Efficient measurement of cell nuclear volume]. AB - The construction of a size sheet transilluminated from beneath for Eichner's method of nuclear measurements is described. By its equal adequate illumination the apparatus enables a timesparing and exact recording of data. PMID- 7011893 TI - [Neuromorphology of joint movements]. PMID- 7011895 TI - Impression trays for functional border molding of complete denture prostheses. PMID- 7011896 TI - Resistance to the nitrogen-mobilizing, diabetogenic action of cortisol in a small wallaby (Setonix brachyurus). PMID- 7011897 TI - Gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK)-like immunoreactive neurones in the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (Diptera). PMID- 7011898 TI - The effect of short-term starvation on pituitary and plasma LH, plasma estradiol and progesterone, and on pituitary response to LH-RH in the laying hen (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7011899 TI - The etiology of violent behavior. An overview. AB - Society often considers violent people to be mentally ill, and a significant number of patients exhibit violent behavior. For the assessment of violent individuals, a thorough understanding of the complex biopsychosocial causes of violence is required. This paper critically reviews recent investigations of the multiple causes of violence to clarify those aspects that can be helpful to clinicians in their inquiries. PMID- 7011900 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the proximal portion of the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene of Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 5'-proximal portion of the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene (rpoB) has been determined. From the nucleotide sequence it is possible to predict that NH2-terminal 390 amino acid residues of the protein. The codon utilization in this portion of the rpoB gene is similar to the utilization in the adjacent cluster of ribosomal protein genes. The NH2-terminal portion of the protein is rich in both acidic (59/390) and basic (54/390) amino acid residues; more than half of the basic residues are clustered within limited stretches of the polypeptide and may play a role in RNA polymerase-nucleic acid interaction. PMID- 7011901 TI - Expression of the HIS3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in polynucleotide phosphorylase-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The PstI and BamHI fragments, containing the HIS3 (imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase) gene of yeast obtained from pYehis2, and the ColE1-derived plasmid pBR322 were ligated in vitro and used to transform hisB463 strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Expression of the cloned HIS3 gene from yeast was markedly enhanced (3 -5-fold) in polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnp)-deficient strains of E. coli. The levels of both HIS3 and plasmid-encoded mRNAs were increased in pnp- strains carrying the chimeric plasmids, whereas there was little difference in the levels of pBR322-specific mRNAs in pnp+ and pnp- strains. This increase in HIS3 mRNA appeared to be related to specific stabilization of the eukaryotic message due to its unique structural features, since the half-life of the HIS3 mRNA increased from 1.5 to 18.7 min, whereas no increase in the half-lives of pBR322 vehicle mRNAs was observed. A physical map of the plasmid pYehis2 was constructed using restriction endonuclease and molecular cloning techniques. PMID- 7011902 TI - Cloning of avian tumor virus DNA fragments in plasmid pBR322: evidence for efficient transcription in E. coli from a virus-coded promoter. AB - Two avian tumor virus DNA fragments of 4.2 and 3.2 kb were inserted into pBR322 in the two possible orientations for each fragment. In the Escherichia coli host cells, RNA polymerase initiates transcription of large quantities (up to 0.5 to 1% of total E. coli RNA) of virus-specific RNA in the recombinant plasmids carrying the 4.2-kb fragment (pATV-6) but not in pATV-2 which contains the 3.2-kb fragment. Two SacI cleavage sites flank the putative promoter in the 4.2-kb viral insert. Deletion in the 1.2-kb SacI fragment obliterated the ability of pATV-6 to synthesize viral RNA. Digestion of the 1.2-kb SacI fragment with PvuI generates two fragments of 0.63 and 0.57 kb. Deletion of the 0.57-kb but not the 0.63-kb PvuI-SacI fragment completely eliminated the ability of the recombinant to synthesize viral RNA. These results strongly suggest that viral RNA in E. coli transcription is indeed initiated at a size present in the viral genome and that this site is localized in the 0.57-kb PvuI-SacI fragment. PMID- 7011903 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the cloned tufA gene of Escherichia coli. AB - The 4 kb (8.5 % lambda units) EcoRI fragment harboring the tufA gene of Escherichia coli was cloned using plasmid pTUA1 (Shibuya et al., 1979) and its structure was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of about 1500 base pairs, covering the C-terminal portion of elongation factor EF-G (fus gene), the intercistronic region between fus and tufA, the entire structural gene for tufA with the GUG initiation and UAA termination codons, and the 3' flanking region of tufA, was determined. Comparison of the tufA nucleotide sequence with the tufB sequence (An and Friesen, 1980) and the known amino acid sequence of EF-Tu (Arai et al., 1980) revealed that the products of genes tufA and tufB are identical except for one amino acid at the C-terminal, i.e., glycine for tufA and serine for tufB. Nucleotide differences between tufA and tufB were found at 13 positions. Among them, one in the initiation codon and the other one in the C terminal amino acid codon had replacements at the first letter of the codons. The other eleven changes were in the third codon positions, which did not affect the amino acid coding. The pattern of codon usage in tufA and tufB is highly nonrandom, and remarkably similar to that in ribosomal protein genes, with the codons for the most abundant species of isoaccepting tRNAs being preferentially utilized (Post et al., 1979; Post and Nomura, 1980). PMID- 7011904 TI - The nucleotide sequence of tufB and four nearby tRNA structural genes of Escherichia coli. AB - In order to approach some of the problems suggested by the presence of two genes for EF-Tu in Escherichia coli we have determined the nucleotide sequence of tufB and its genetic surroundings. Comparison with the known amino acid sequence of EF Tu (Arai et al., 1980) and with the tufA nucleotide sequence (Yokota et al., 1980) allows some conclusions to be made regarding possible relationships between tufA and tufB. We also report the sequence of four tRNA structural genes (thrU, tyrU, glyT and thrT) that lie immediately to the 5' side of tufB. PMID- 7011905 TI - Therapeutic decision-making in systolic hypertension. PMID- 7011906 TI - [Method of Maintaining the Health of Seafarers]. PMID- 7011907 TI - [25 years' experience of continuing education for epidemiological health service management personnel in the Central Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians]. PMID- 7011908 TI - [Health officer E. A. Bragin (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7011910 TI - Federal expenditures for the elderly: past and future. PMID- 7011909 TI - [Study of the combined action of the industrial environment and smoking]. PMID- 7011911 TI - [Mitral valve annuloplasty with a soft, synthetic support ring (an analysis of the initial clinical experience)]. PMID- 7011912 TI - Measuring gastric volume by dye dilution. AB - The double sampling method for measuring gastric volumes is analysed mathematically. It is shown to cause magnification of randomly occurring analytical errors in dye concentration. The errors which arise in calculated gastric volume depend on extent of analytical error, concentration of dye initially placed in the stomach, repetition of analysis cycle, and ratio of volume of added dye to gastric volume. By starting with dye-free water and doubling the concentration of dye added in serial volume determinations the error in calculated volume is markedly reduced and no longer increases with successive measurements. These modifications reduce the limitations inherent in the method as originally described. PMID- 7011913 TI - Treatment of recurrent and metastatic carcinoma of the cervix: comparison of doxorubicin with a combination of vincristine and 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 7011914 TI - [Fetal scalp phlegmon with septicemia and meningitis caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus after internal fetal monitoring]. PMID- 7011915 TI - [Carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) and blood group antigens A, B in paraffin sections of epithelial ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7011917 TI - [Diagnosis of fetal abnormalities by ultrasonics and computerized tomography]. PMID- 7011916 TI - [Insulin requirements of diabetics during pregnancy]. PMID- 7011918 TI - [Hormonal therapy of benign breast disease]. PMID- 7011919 TI - [Advances in the research of the contraceptive action of LH-RH analogs]. PMID- 7011920 TI - Abortion on demand: policy and implementation. AB - The roots of the controversy over abortion lie deep in the social, moral, and religious norms of American society. The authors trace these roots and analyze the policy implications of recent Supreme Court decisions on abortion. They argue for a strong social work commitment to making abortion an accessible alternative for all women in the United States. PMID- 7011921 TI - [Effects of guanfacine on the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of guanfacine, a new centrally acting antihypertensive drug, on the central nervous system were studied in mice and rats, and findings compared with those of clonidine. In mice, guanfacine caused slight hypersensitivity and marked piloerection at 4 or 16 mg/kg, p.o. Clonidine exhibited the same symptoms as guanfacine, but at a higher dose elicited severe central excitation such as clonic convulsion. Such central depressive effects as hyposensitivity and catalepsy were, however, observed following administration of both drugs, at the same dose levels, to rats. Clonidine showed a tendency o prolong hexobarbital sleeping time in mice, but such was not observed with guanfacine. Both drugs markedly suppressed responses to nociceptive stimuli in mice. The spontaneous cortex and hippocampus electroencephalograms were respectively changed to high amplitude-slow waves and desynchronized waves by administration of either guanfacine or clonidine at 2 mg/kg, i.v. in curarized rats. Spontaneous motor activity was reduced by both drugs. Both drugs, especially clonidine, caused a fall in body temperature. Both drugs failed to inhibit convulsions induced by electric shock and by intraperitoneally administered pentylenetetrazol. From these results it was concluded that the central effects of guanfacine, while resembling those of clonidine, were generally weaker than those of clonidine. PMID- 7011922 TI - The determination of choline in human semen by the enzymic method. AB - Studies are reported on the specific enzymic microdetermination of free choline in human semen. The concentration of choline in normal semen was found to be 0.9 1.4 mg/ml. The minimum detectable concentration of choline using the method described was 1.5 micrograms. Normal levels of choline in vaginal fluid, saliva, serum and urine could not be detected by this procedure. PMID- 7011923 TI - [Prostacyclin as a protective factor for blood vessels]. AB - Prostacyclin is a very unstable prostaglandin, which is continuously synthetized and released by blood vessels. It fulfills 2 main functions, namely strong inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation. Thus it acts as an important defense mechanism of the vascular wall, which is directed against overwhelming platelet aggregation and against the development of atherosclerosis. Besides endogenous prostacyclin is an important antihypertensive factor. In several diseases, as diabetes mellitus, obliterative arteriopathy and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, the reduced prostacyclin-synthesis is thought to be a key mechanism for the development of vascular lesions. On the other hand the haemorrhagic diathesis of uraemics is seen in connection with an increased vascular prostacyclin release. Synthetic prostacyclin is now under trial for therapy in peripheral obliterative arteriopathy and extracorporeal circulation, as haemodialysis and cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7011924 TI - [Progress in the therapy of rectal cancer. Suture technics and results in one stage anterior rectum resection]. AB - An altered suture technique for rectum anastomosis is elucidated. This single row of wide reaching sutures allows for a principally one-stage anterior rectum resection on the basis of intact microcirculation in the anastomosis region. The operative tactical procedure is explained in detail. PMID- 7011925 TI - A tale of two trust funds. PMID- 7011926 TI - Looking for errors in Medicaid: quality control techniques save dollars, improve management. PMID- 7011928 TI - [Mucous membrane implants for improved fix of maxillary complete dentures]. PMID- 7011927 TI - [Is the etch- and bonding-technic practice ready?]. PMID- 7011929 TI - Pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7011930 TI - Follow-up ten years after corticosteroid therapy for chronic active hepatitis type B. AB - Follow-up studies were conducted on chronic liver disease patients treated 10 years previously with corticosteroid (CS), Hbs antigen (HbsAg) was measured in previously collected paraffin embedded liver sections by enzyme-labelled antibody technique. Of 57 cases examined, 38 cases were treated with CS or immunosuppressive agents and 19 cases were not treated with CS (control group). - Two deaths occurred in the CS-treated group and 4 in the non-CS treated group. These patients were diagnosed as either the 2B type (severe activity) of chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) or as having liver cirrhosis. One death was found in the 10th year due to hepatocellular carcinoma in a chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) patient with HBsAg diffusely distributed in liver tissue. No significant difference was found in the rehabilitation rate in HBsAg negative cases of the CS group versus the control group. In positive cases, the rehabilitation rate was found to be 66.7% in the CS group compared with 0% in the non-CS group. PMID- 7011932 TI - Persistent neonatal normoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. AB - A case is recorded of persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia characterized by early onset, normoinsulinaemia and improvement following glucagon therapy. The pancreatic A cell were very few in number and were mainly degranulated. There was a slight increase of B cells, but changes in cells producing somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide were not encountered. The differential diagnosis is discussed with the conclusion that the most probable causative factor was the deficiency of A cells. PMID- 7011931 TI - Up-dated surgical strategies in portal hypertension. PMID- 7011933 TI - Buyer's guide to telephone systems. PMID- 7011934 TI - Experts examine major issues facing emergicenters. AB - Persons involved with the development and operation of freestanding emergency facilities believe that a thorough planning process and a sound financial feasibility study are the prerequisites of any successful program. PMID- 7011935 TI - Symposium on the role of the laboratory in clinical decision making--Part II. Perspectives on clinical decisions. AB - The critical role of expert judgment in clinical decision support has been accommodated in a class of approaches termed knowledge based systems. These have arisen from work in artificial intelligence on expert performance. Some of the perspectives and insights that have been gained from these approaches are briefly discussed. PMID- 7011936 TI - Interpretive reporting by computer. PMID- 7011937 TI - The ultrastructure of neurilemoma with emphasis on Antoni B tissue. AB - Ten neurilemomas were studied by electron microscopy. Antoni A and B tissues were identified by light microscopy on semithin sections, and the corresponding areas on adjacent ultrathin sections were studied ultrastructurally. The Antoni B tissue definitely possessed features of degeneration in that the cells showed a detached basal lamina, a disrupted cell membrane, degenerated nuclei, and a significant accumulation of cytoplasmic granules and myelin figures. Added to these was intercellular edema with fibrin. The similarity of the granules in the cells of Antoni B tissue, cells of granular cell tumor, and Schwann cells in wallerian degeneration supports the conclusion that these three are related phenomena. PMID- 7011938 TI - "Carcinoid" tumor of the breast. A variant of conventional breast cancer? AB - A breast tumor with the morphologic features of a carcinoid tumor and containing large amounts of estrogen receptor protein was associated with areas of typical in situ and infiltrating lobular carcinoma. The carcinoid areas were argyrophilic and ultrastructurally contained electron dense granules on which silver grains were localized. Of 21 other examples of ordinary breast cancer, five showed histologic similarities to carcinoid tumors. Focal argyrophilia was observed in 11 invasive tumors. The presence of argyrophilic granules could not be correlated with the presence of "neurosecretory" granules, although groups of such granules were found in one case of in situ lobular carcinoma. Argyrophilic and "neurosecretory" granules imply the presence of hormonal substances, although in breast tumors these granules have not yet been chemically or immunochemically characterized. Until such evidence becomes available it would appear that most cases reported as primary carcinoid tumors of the breast have much more in common with conventional breast cancer than with the usual carcinoid tumor. Within this context it can be acknowledged that some breast cancers may focally exhibit a carcinoid-like differentiation. PMID- 7011939 TI - Polyploidy in islets of normal and diabetic humans. AB - This study was designed as a pilot project to determine whether the increased polyploidization of pancreatic B cells in diabetic mice reported from our laboratory is also characteristic of human diabetes. Nuclei of hematoxylin and eosin stained islets cells were traced by camera lucida and their volumes determined by semiautomatic particle size analysis. Previous studies have confirmed that nuclear volume can be used as an index of polyploidy, since, in mouse and human islets, the nuclear DNA content is directly proportional to the nuclear volume. Five insulin independent and three insulin dependent human diabetic patients and their age and sex matched controls were studied. The percentages of polyploid nuclei in insulin independent diabetic islets were elevated significantly over those in control subjects in four of five cases; the exception was an 85 year old male who was diagnosed as a diabetic only two months prior to death. Of the three insulin dependent diabetics, one, whose islets appeared otherwise normal, had a significantly greater percentage of polyploid nuclei than the controls; the other two, whose islets were markedly hyalinized, exhibited percentages of polyploid nuclei within normal ranges. The implications of relative percentages of polyploid nuclei in normal and diabetic islets and the possible relationship with previous studies of genetically diabetic mice are discussed. PMID- 7011940 TI - Elastofibroma dorsi: an immunochemical study of collagen content. AB - The types of collagen present in a case of elastofibroma dorsi were determined using type specific, characterized collagen antibodies. The presence of type II collagen (normally present only in articular cartilage and in selected ocular structures) is discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of this lesion, and the use of collagen antibodies is discussed with regard to their potential value in better characterizing and classifying mesenchymal tumors. PMID- 7011941 TI - Intramucosal inserts. PMID- 7011942 TI - A two appointment procedure for precise targeting of the intramucosal inserts. PMID- 7011943 TI - A sequential approach for restoring dentitions involving endosteal implants. PMID- 7011945 TI - Role of serum in survival of Treponema pallidum in tissue culture. AB - During attempts to cultivate Treponema pallidum, it was determined that length of time for survival of virulent treponemes was highly dependent on the quality of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) used as a protein supplement in the culture medium. Eighteen lots of commercial FBS were tested for their ability to maintain survival of T. pallidum in cultures of cottontail rabbit epithelial (SflEp) cells. All were capable of supporting growth of these cells. However, in tests on five of the lots, attachment of treponemes to the SflEp cells was either extremely poor or the 50% survival time (ST50) was less than 5 days. With two of these lots, no treponemes survived for 5 days. By contrast, in tests with 11 of the FBS lots, the ST50 of the treponemes was 12 days or greater; however, there was a great variation in the number of treponemes that attached. Selection of lots of FBS for ultimate experimental use was based on their influence both to extend length of time for survival of treponemes and to increase the number of treponemes that attached to the SflEp cells during that period. PMID- 7011944 TI - The role of junctional communication in animal tissues. AB - Permeable intercellular junctions are a common feature of most animal tissues. These junctions allow the free exchange of small ions and molecules between all the cells in coupled populations. Such limited syncytial interaction contributes to the integration of individual cells into organized tissues. PMID- 7011947 TI - Synthesis & biological activity of peptides related to insulin structure. PMID- 7011948 TI - A simple procedure for preparation of 125I-insulin of high immunogenicity & long shelf life. PMID- 7011946 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of pregnancylike lobuloalveolar morphogenesis and casein gene expression in a culture of the whole mammary gland. AB - Entire second thoracic mammary glands of estrogen- and progesterone-treated immature virgin BALB/c mice were stimulated to pregnancylike lobuloalveolar morphogenesis after 6 days of incubation with insulin (5 micrograms/ml), aldosterone (1 micrograms/ml), growth hormone (5 micrograms/ml), cortisol (5 micrograms/ml), and prolactin (80 ng/ml, present as a contaminant in 5 micrograms/ml growth hormone). The alveolar growth in the glands, as judged by morphological studies, was accompanied by an increase in cell number as a function of incubation time in the hormonal medium. Hybridization of the total RNA from these glands to the casein mRNA specific complementary DNA probe (cDNAcsn) revealed that the level of casein mRNA rises from 0.00012 to 0.005% between 1 and 6 days of incubation. Estimates showed that the concentration of casein mRNA per cell rises 17-fold from 70 molecules on Day 1 to 1200 molecules on Day 6, whereas the number of epithelial cells increases only twofold during the same incubation time. When the growth hormone preparation was totally replaced by 80 ng of prolactin during the 6-day incubation, casein-mRNA levels were found to be 0.0083%. These results demonstrate that a pregnancy-like morphogenesis and concurrent expression of the casein gene in vitro can be achieved in a controlled hormone environment containing high cortisol and low prolactin concentrations. This one-step mammogenesis-lactogenesis culture model should be useful for studying the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of casein gene expression observed in prepartum mammary gland in vivo. PMID- 7011949 TI - Immunofluorescence studies on the subcomponents of the first component of complement (C1): detection of C1q and C1s in different cells of biopsy material and on human as well as on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - The first component of complement (C1) is a macromolecule consisting of three distinct subcomponents, C1q, C1r, and C1s. In regard to its production site and its role in phagocytic processes it was of interest to find out whether these different subcomponents could be detected in human biopsy material only as a complex in individual cells or whether C1 subcomponents could be found on different cells. To study this question, monospecific fluorescein-labelled anti human-C1q IgG and monospecific rhodamine-labelled anti-human C1q IgG were used. Biopsy material from human rectum was stained with fluoresceinated antisera, either by use of one antiserum or by double staining. Using this technique, these observations were made: C1q as well as C1s were detectable in individual cells in the subepithelial area of the gut. Furthermore, C1q and C1s could be found together in the same cell or separately in different cells. These findings were supported by experiments with cultured peritoneal macrophages either from human or from guinea pig. The examination of the cultured cells with the two antisera revealed that individual cells were stained either by anti-C1q or by anti-C1s antibodies. The specificity of the detection of the individual subcomponents was also proven by the peroxidase technique and by using fluoresceinated anti-human C1q F(ab')2. The membrane immunofluorescent staining revealed the presence of C1q on the membrane of the macrophage. PMID- 7011950 TI - Experimental analysis of morphogenetic cell sorting. PMID- 7011951 TI - Estimation of probability of unequal division in minicell producing strains of Escherichia coli & other similar systems. PMID- 7011952 TI - Induction of mitotic crossing over, mitotic gene conversion & reverse mutation by epichlorhydrin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7011953 TI - Spirometric comparison of carbuterol and salbutamol oral therapy in reversible obstructive airway disease. PMID- 7011954 TI - The role of H-2 regions in overcoming tissue incompatibility. AB - Neonatal transplantation tolerance to the products of the H-2 beta complex was induced in B10.A (H-2 alpha) mice. On the basis of the survival of skin allografts it was found that antigens determined by the D region of the H-2 alpha complex (of the B10.A(2R) strain) were most easily overcome and that tolerance to the products of the D end of the H-2 complex (of the B10.A(4R) strain) was also easy to induce. The antigens produced by the K end of H-2 (of the B10.A(5R) and B10.A(3R) strains) represented a stronger incompatibility barrier and a difference in the entire H-2 beta complex caused strongest resistance to tolerance induction. When tolerance to the products of the entire H-2 beta complex was induced in newborn B10.A mice, and the neonatally treated animals were grafted simultaneously with five different grafts, those disparate at the K end of H-2 and in the entire H-2 region were rejected in some animals, while the grafts disparate at the D end of H-2 remained intact in the same mice. No dependence on the I-J subregion was observed in this system. Furthermore, tolerance was more easily inducible in male than in female B10.A mice. PMID- 7011956 TI - A study of germtube formation by Candida Albicans in biological fluids of diabetic patients. PMID- 7011957 TI - Unusual parasitic infestation of cervix detected by cytology. PMID- 7011955 TI - Peptide map comparisons of epidermal and spleen H-2 molecules. AB - Peptide map comparisons of molecules encoded in the mouse H-2 complex isolated from epidermal cell preparations have been carried out. We previously showed that the Ia molecules from both the I-A and I-E subregions are synthesized by nonlymphoid bone-marrow-derived cells, probably Langerhans cells. The K and D or transplantation molecules are synthesized by both "true" epidermal cells and nonlymphoid bone-marrow-derived cells. The tryptic maps generated by separating tryptic peptides by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of epidermal H-2 molecules are identical to their spleen-cell counterparts. The biological significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 7011960 TI - Immature stage of Wuchereria bancrofti in the human eye. PMID- 7011959 TI - Keratoplasty in congenital corneal opacity. PMID- 7011958 TI - Alcoholic liver disease in man (1911-1979)--a probing review--Part II. PMID- 7011961 TI - Emergency keratoplasty in perforating corneal ulcers and ring abscess of cornea. PMID- 7011962 TI - Role of mineralocorticoid in the chronic antihypertensive effect of converting enzyme inhibitor. AB - The chronic antihypertensive effect of converting enzyme inhibtor (CEI) may be due to a decrease in aldosterone secretion secondary to blockade of angiotensin II formation. To study this hypothesis, changes in blood pressure (BP), in response to chronic administration of the CEI, captopril, were measured in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and in chronic two-kidney, one clip hypertensive (2K-1C) rats. To avoid a decrease in mineralocorticoid activity, half of the rats in these two models of hypertension were adrenalectomized and maintained with daily administrations of deoxycorticosterone acetate and hydrocortisone (steroid replacement) while the other half had the adrenal gland left in situ and no exogenous steroids administered. The doses of steroids used were devoid of hypertensive effect in Wistar Kyoto (WKY), SHR, 2K-1C, and sham-clipped rats. Chronic administration of the CEI decreased the BP to normotensive levels in the SHR with intact adrenals and no steroid replacement. However, the antihypertensive effect of the CEI was almost completely blocked in those SHR with steroid replacement. In contrast, the antihypertensive effect of the CEI in 2K-1C was similar in the rats with steroid replacement and in the rats with intact adrenals (no steroid replacement). These results suggest that the chronic antihypertensive effect of CEI in SHR is due partially to a decrease in aldosterone activity secondary to the blockade of angiotensin II formation, whereas in 2K-1C it is due to mechanisms other than lower mineralocorticoid activity. PMID- 7011963 TI - Effect of chronic sodium depletion on cerebrospinal fluid and plasma catecholamines. AB - To test the role of central neurogenic factors in sodium-depleted states, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine were measured in mongrel dogs first on a normal sodium intake (65 mEq sodium/day) and then on a 21-day regime of low sodium diet (4 mEq/day combined with diuretics). Plasma catecholamines were measured in the same group of dogs. Three weeks of sodium depletion supplemented with diuretics caused a 24-fold increase in plasma renin activity, hemoconcentration, and elevated serum protein concentration. Both plasma and CSF sodium decreased significantly. After sodium depletion, plasma norepinephrine rose 76% but epinephrine and dopamine did not change. The same pattern was observed whether samples were obtained in conscious or anesthetized animals. In CSF, norepinephrine rose 44% during sodium depletion, while epinephrine and dopamine remained unchanged. The CSF norepinephrine was related inversely to the CSF sodium concentration and directly to plasma renin activity. These observations support the view that the combined procedure of restricted dietary sodium intake and diuretic therapy causes alterations in CSF norepinephrine in a direction compatible with possible overactivity of central noradrenergic neurons. PMID- 7011964 TI - Oxprenolol vs propranolol: a randomized, double-blind, multiclinic trial in hypertensive patients taking hydrochlorothiazide. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group. AB - Oxprenolol (O) or propranolol (P) was randomly added double-blind to the regimen of 260 patients with mild and moderate hypertension who had not responded to hydrochlorothiazide (H) alone. Both beta-adrenergic blocking agents were titrated over a range of 120 to 360 mg per day while H was continued. After 6 months of treatment, reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to below 90 mm Hg and at least 5 mm Hg less than the initial DBP was achieved in 50% of patients receiving P+H and 27% of patients taking O+H (p less than 0.001). P+H lowered BP an additional 10.5/9.8 mm Hg compared with 6.8/7.0 mm Hg for O+H (p less than 0.02). Reduction in heart rate was less after O+H (average, 8.4/min) than after P+H (average, 12.3/min, p less than 0.01). The number of dropouts, morbid events, and reported side effects between the two regimens was not significantly different except that more patients complained of impotence with P+H than with O+H (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7011965 TI - The cardiac inotropic responses to insulin in the rat heart. AB - Insulin (5 to 40 I.U.) produced dose-dependent positive inotropic effect in the isolated rat heart. The responses to insulin were markedly inhibited in the presence of propranolol (1 . 1X10(-6) M). Insulin responses were markedly reduced in reserpine pretreated (5 mg/kg, i.p.) rats. Theophylline (4.4 mM), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, potentiated the responses to insulin, whereas imidazole (20 mM), the phosphodiesterase stimulator inhibited the responses to insulin. The data suggest that the positive inotropic effects of insulin in rat heart is mediated through the release of cardiac catecholamines which stimulates beta-adrenoceptors. The final mediator of cardiac action seems to be cyclic-AMP. PMID- 7011966 TI - Spina bifida and mirror movements. PMID- 7011967 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC): a complete classified review (1887-1980). PMID- 7011968 TI - [Current aspects of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and acute juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 7011969 TI - [Bloodletting and dentistry in the 17th and 18th centuries]. PMID- 7011970 TI - Concomitant but not causal association between surface charge and inhibition of phagocytosis by cryptococcal polysaccharide. AB - The mechanism by which capsular polysaccharides inhibit phagocytosis is not clearly understood. We investigated the association between a negative surface charge and inhibition of phagocytosis by the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans. A two-polymer aqueous-phase system containing phosphate ions was used to assess surface charge. Opsonins such as normal bovine serum and normal human immunoglobulin G reduced the surface charge on non-encapsulated cryptococci and simultaneously enhanced phagocytosis. These same opsonins had no effect on phagocytosis or surface charge of encapsulated cryptococci. F (ab')(2) fragments of normal human immunoglobulin G neither enhanced phagocytosis nor altered the surface charge of non-encapsulated cryptococci. Addition of purified cryptococcal polysaccharide to non-encapsulated cells inhibited phagocytosis of the yeast and induced a strong negative charge at the yeast surface. Chemical modification to reduce the surface charge of either purified cryptococcal polysaccharide or intact encapsulated cryptococci produced a small loss of phagocytosis-inhibiting activity; however, all treated polysaccharide preparations retained a significant ability to inhibit phagocytosis of the yeast. These results indicated that the association between surface charge and inhibition of phagocytosis was largely circumstantial, and presence of a negative surface charge could not account for the powerful antiphagocytic action of cryptococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 7011971 TI - Influence of complement on the chemiluminescent response of human leukocytes to immune complex. AB - Vaccine bacteria of Francisella tularensis were mixed with human serum containing specific antibodies against the same organism, and the mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The mixture induced a two-peak chemiluminescent response in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The initial peak was induced by a soluble agent, formed during incubation. The formation of this agent involved the activation of complement component C5. The second peak of the chemiluminescent response was induced by the opsonized bacteria; this peak was augmented by complement component C3, whereas C5 had no influence. PMID- 7011973 TI - Serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated in the United States. AB - Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans in the United States were found in 11 of 16 serotypes that previously were documented in the international literature as associated with enterotoxin production. Of 68 strains belonging to these 11 serotypes, 28 (41%) were enterotoxigenic; none of 46 strains belonging to 5 other previously implicated serotypes was enterotoxigenic. Control cultures of various serotypes were selected for comparison and found to contain 0 to 7% enterotoxigenic E. coli. E. coli belonging to documented enterotoxin-associated serotypes, characterized by both O and H antigens, were selected for toxin testing to determine their prevalence and potential pathogenicity in this country. In this study, a strain possessing any combination of an enterotoxin-associated serotype O antigen and H antigen was more likely to be enterotoxigenic than strains possessing only the specific O antigen or H antigen or neither. Five E. coli strains belonging to undocumented enterotoxin associated serotypes did contain a combination of previously reported enterotoxin associated serotype O and H antigens and did produce enterotoxin. PMID- 7011972 TI - Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody responses of volunteers who received attenuated influenza A virus vaccines. AB - Sera from volunteers who received live influenza A wild-type or ts recombinant virus were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine which assay system was the most sensitive in detecting an immunological response to infection. The ELISA was performed with inactivated whole virus antigen, and the optical density at each of five serial twofold dilutions of pre- and postimmunization sera was measured. The difference in the amount of ELISA antibody in pre- and postinoculation serum specimens was taken to be proportional to the area between the respective titration curves. The ELISA was more sensitive than the HI or NI test in detecting a seroresponse in volunteers infected with A/Hong Kong/123/77 (H1N1), A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hswine N1), or A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) ts recombinant virus. These results suggest that the ELISA should be used to determine the frequency of infection with attenuated viruses as well as the 50% human infectious dose of candidate live influenza A vaccine viruses. PMID- 7011974 TI - Evidence that botulinum C2 toxin has two dissimilar components. AB - Botulinum C2 toxin produced by most toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum types C and D contains two distinct protein components, and these were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Neither of these components manifested the original toxicity, but the original toxicity was restored when the two components were mixed together and trypsinized. This indicates that C2 toxin consists of two dissimilar protein components and that the cooperation of the two is required to elicit toxicity. PMID- 7011976 TI - ColV plasmid-mediated, colicin V-independent iron uptake system of invasive strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Evidence is presented that ColV plasmid-mediated iron uptake, an important component of the virulence of invasive strains of Escherichia coli, is independent of colicin V synthesis and activity. A mutant of E. coli K-12 deficient in the biosynthesis of enterochelin (strain AN1937) was unable to grow on minimal agar containing the chelating agent alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl unless it was harboring the plasmid ColV-K30 (strain LG1315). Acquisition of the active plasmid-specified iron sequestering system was accompanied by marked enhancement of pathogenicity in experimental infections of mice. Mutants of strain LG1315 were isolated that were defective in iron uptake due to plasmid mutations. They were unchanged with respect to colicin production, but were significantly less virulent than the parent strain. Conversely, mutants isolated as defective in colicin V synthesis were normal for the plasmid-coded iron uptake mechanism and showed the same lethality for infected mice as did strain LG1315. Furthermore, mutations in strain AN1937 which render it resistant or tolerant to the bactericidal action of colicin V did not influence the uptake of iron into plasmid-carrying strains. Cross-feeding tests involving plasmid mutants defective in iron uptake identified two plasmid-specified components of the system, an extracellular iron-chelating compound and a nondiffusible product allowing transport of iron across the bacterial cell membrane. PMID- 7011975 TI - Immunity to pathogenic free-living amoebae: role of cell-mediated immunity. AB - The role of cell-mediated immunity in defense against pathogenic free-living amoebae was examined. Both the in vitro macrophage inhibition test and the in vivo delayed hypersensitivity test showed responses to both heterologous and homologous antigens, although homologous systems were the most efficient. It is suggested that exposure to nonpathogenic species of free-living amoebae can stimulate the immune system to be effective against pathogenic species. The significance of cell-mediated immunity as a defense against invasion by pathogenic free-living amoebae is discussed. PMID- 7011977 TI - Mannose-binding activity of Escherichia coli: a determinant of attachment and ingestion of the bacteria by macrophages. AB - Recently, it was suggested that a mannose-specific lectin on the bacterial cell surface is responsible for the recognition by phagocytic cells of certain nonopsonized Escherichia coli strains. In this study we assessed the interaction of two strains of E. coli at different phases of growth with a monolayer of mouse peritoneal macrophages and developed a direct method with [(14)C]mannan to quantitate the bacterial mannose-binding activity. Normal-sized bacteria were obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. Nonseptated filamentous cells were formed by growing the organisms in the presence of cephalexin or at a restrictive temperature. Attachment to macrophages of all bacterial forms was inhibited by methyl alpha-d-mannoside and mannan but not by other sugars tested. The attachment of stationary phase and filamentous bacteria to macrophages, as well as their mannose-binding activity, was similar, whereas in the exponential-phase bacteria they were markedly reduced. The results show a linear relation between the two parameters (R = 0.98, P < 0.001). The internalization of the filamentous cells attached to macrophages during 45 min of incubation was much less efficient (20%) compared to that of exponential-phase, stationary-phase, or antibody-coated filamentous bacteria (90%). The results indicate that the mannose-binding activity of E. coli determines the recognition of the organisms by phagocytes. They further suggest that administration of beta lactam antibiotics may impair elimination of certain pathogenic bacteria by inducing the formation of filaments which are inefficiently internalized by the host's phagocytic cells. PMID- 7011979 TI - Amplified migration inhibition effect. AB - When tuberculin-sensitive peritoneal exudate cells are incubated in a culture flask with tuberculin purified protein derivative, macrophage inhibition factor and other lymphokines are released into the culture medium. We have described how, if incubation is carried out in a stationary conical culture tube, intercellular contact between the peritoneal exudate cells is facilitated as the cells sediment into a pellicle at the bottom of the tube. This results in augmented release of inhibitory lymphokines into the supernatant culture medium with titers up to 10(9) times greater than those obtained by conventional culture methods using a flatbottomed culture dish or flask. When such high-titered inhibitory supernatants were subjected to fractionation by sequential Amicon ultrafiltration, two clearly distinct macrophage-inhibitory lymphokines were found. The first was present, after fractionation, in a titer of 10(12), had a molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 100,000, and was heat stable at 56 degrees C for 1 h. This moiety is probably identical to guinea pig macrophage inhibition factor. Unexpectedly, a second heat-labile inhibitory substance with a molecular weight between 500 and 1,000 was found in a titer of 10(4) after fractionation. This low-molecular-weight, heat-labile material may represent a new lymphokine with a direct inhibitory action on macrophage migration. Theoretically, the data are also consistent with the possibility that it could act as a chemical immunotransmitter which stimulates amplified production of macrophage inhibition factor by lymphocytes within the cell pellicle and leads indirectly to inhibition of macrophage migration. PMID- 7011978 TI - Muramic acid detection in mammalian tissues by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Muramic acid is a component of the peptidoglycan moiety of cell walls of all bacteria and blue-green algae and is not found elsewhere in nature. A gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for muramic acid in tissue is described. The application of the method to the detection of muramic acid in tissues of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis is demonstrated. Because the method has the potential to measure total bacterial biomass in tissue, it should prove to be an important assay in elucidating the etiological role of bacterial debris in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. PMID- 7011980 TI - Host-etiological agent interactions in intranasally and intraperitoneally induced Cryptococcosis in mice. AB - Inbred CBA/J mice were used in developing a defined in vivo model for studying host-parasite relationships in cryptococcosis. Mice were infected either intranasally or intraperitoneally with 10(3) viable Cryptococcus neoformans cells. At weekly intervals over a 92-day period, C. neoformans growth profiles in the lungs, spleens, livers, and brains of the infected animals were determined. In addition, humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and cryptococcal antigen levels were assayed in these mice. Intranasally infected mice developed strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in response to cryptococcal culture filtrate (CneF) antigen, and there was good correlation between acquisition of delayed-type hypersensitivity and the reduction of C. neoformans cell numbers in infected tissues. In contrast, intraperitoneally infected mice displayed greater numbers of C. neoformans cells in tissues and had somewhat suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to CneF antigen. Anticryptococcal antibodies were not detected in intranasally or intraperitoneally infected mice, but cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen titers were relatively high in both groups. The transfer of sensitized spleen cells from intranasally infected mice to syngeneic naive recipient mice resulted in the transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness to cryptococcal antigen in the recipients. The intranasally induced infection in mice was similar to the naturally acquired infection in humans; therefore we are proposing that this murine-cryptococcosis model would be useful in gaining a greater understanding of host-etiological agent relationships in this disease. PMID- 7011981 TI - Quantitative in vitro assay for "corncob" formation. AB - The interaction of Bacterionema matruchotii with strains of Streptococcus sanguis produces a structure which morphologically resembles a corncob. To determine the specific bacterial surface receptors involved in the interaction, we developed a quantitative assay. The assay consisted of mixing saline suspensions of [CH(3) (3)H]thymidine-labeled streptococci and B. matruchotii, incubating at 37 degrees C for 2 h, and filtering the mixture through a 5-mum polycarbonate membrane filter. The free cocci and filaments passed through the filter, but the corncobs were retained. Estimates of the number of corncobs formed were obtained by quantitating the radioactivity retained on the membranes relative to that of controls of streptococci alone. Although saturation of the Bacterionema occurred at a ratio of streptococci to Bacterionema of 10:1 (Klett units), a 2:1 ratio was chosen because of the increased sensitivity of the assay at this ratio. The percentage of streptococci binding at this ratio was 18.6 +/- 8.1 (standard deviation). All five Bacterionema strains tested formed corncobs; in contrast, only three strains of S. sanguis were positive. These were serotype 1 strains which had localized surface "fuzz." Although scanning electron microscopic observations revealed an almost random distribution of cocci along the filament surface, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the streptococci were attached to the Bacterionema by the surface fuzz. No differences in corncob formation were observed in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6 to 8, at phosphate concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 M. Concentrations of NaCl or KCl up to 0.25 M did not affect corncob formation, and low concentrations of CaCl(2) increased corncob formation slightly, whereas MgCl(2), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and citrate buffers reduced the number of streptococci binding to the filaments. These results suggest that divalent cations may play a role in this process. PMID- 7011983 TI - Influenza type A virus M protein expression on infected cells is responsible for cross-reactive recognition by cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - M protein of influenza A virus was detected with rabbit antiserum by both indirect immunofluorescence and by antibody plus complement-mediated cytolysis on the cell surfaces of both productively and nonproductively infected cells. In contrast, antiserum to nucleoprotein failed to react with unfixed infected cells, but did bind to fixed infected cells, especially in the perinuclear area. Incorporation of antiserum to M protein in a T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay produced almost complete abrogation of lysis of H-2-compatible cells infected with an influenza A virus of a subtype which differed from that used to elicit the cytotoxic T cells. However, the antibody did not significantly block 51Cr release from cells infected with the homotypic type A influenza virus. These observations are in accord with the hypothesis that the cross-reactive cytotoxic T-cell responses seen with cells infected by heterotypic influenza A viruses are due to recognition of a common M protein. PMID- 7011982 TI - Some characteristics of the outer membrane material released by growing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The high-molecular-weight material released into the medium by Escherichia coli AP1, an enterotoxigenic strain of porcine origin, has been isolated and resolved into two clearly distinct fractions, based on sucrose density gradient and differential centrifugation, chemical analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. These two fractions, referred to as "medium vesicles" and "medium lipopolysaccharides", were compared with the cellular outer and cytoplasmic membranes, the periplasmic fraction, and the cytoplasmic fraction. The medium vesicles closely resembled outer membrane and accounted for 3 to 5% of the total cellular outer membrane. They contained most of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) activity released into the medium by E. coli AP1. The medium lipopolysaccharide consisted mostly of lipopolysaccharide and a small amount of outer membrane and contained relatively little LT activity. Based on experiments with E. coli K-12 strains, in which about 5% of the newly synthesized outer membrane is lost from areas of outer membrane synthesis, it is proposed that enterotoxigenic E. coli strains release LT as part of such newly synthesized outer membrane fragments and that released outer membrane fragments may function as physiologically significant LT carriers. PMID- 7011984 TI - Immunobiology of germfree mice infected with Nocardia asteroides. AB - Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 was administered either intranasally or by intravenous inoculation into (i) conventionally grown, (ii) germfree, and (iii) lipopolysaccharide-treated germfree NIH:S mice. The number of bacteria within the lungs, brain, kidneys, adrenals, liver, spleen, and blood was quantitated at 3, 24, 72, and 168 h after infection. Further, the histological changes that occurred in each of these organs after infection were studied. The data demonstrated that germfree mice were significantly more susceptible to the acute phase of infection caused by N. asteroides than the conventionally grown animals. The brains and lungs of these mice were affected most dramatically. Pretreatment of the germfree mice with lipopolysaccharide completely reversed this enhanced susceptibility and rendered the animals more resistant to infection than the conventionally grown mice. These observations establish further the role of macrophage activation and the development of cell-mediated immunity in host resistance to nocardia. In addition, the presence of a resident microflora within the host appears to be important in the development of resistance to systemic nocardial infections. PMID- 7011985 TI - Lipoteichoic acid-binding and biological properties of T protein of group A streptococcus. AB - T protein was extracted with trypsin from an avirulent, M protein-deficient, type 1 group A Streptococcus and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography. The latter procedure removed contaminating lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from the T protein, which consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides resistant to digestion by trypsin and ranged in molecular size from 160,000 to 200,000 daltons. Threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, and valine were the most predominant amino acids. The binding of LTA to an affinity column of T protein was reversible with increasing concentrations of ethanol but not with increasing ionic strength. T protein bound less palmitic acid and LTA than did fatty acid-free bovine albumin and did not stimulate human peripheral lymphocytes. Because the surface and cell wall distribution of the T proteins and LTA appear similar, the possibility exists that T proteins and LTA may interact in situ by weakly hydrophobic bonds. Such ligand-ligand interaction may be indirectly involved in the adherence of group A streptococci to host cell membranes that is known to be mediated by LTA. PMID- 7011987 TI - Species-dependent response to streptococcal lymphocyte mitogens in rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice. AB - Extracellular mitogen preparations from NY5 and S84 strains of streptococci induced different responses among rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse lymphocytes. Evidence of T-cell mitogenicity is presented. PMID- 7011986 TI - Pathogenicity of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans after gastrointestinal inoculation in mice. AB - The ability of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and candida tropicalis to invade through normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa was determined. Adult mice were treated with either gentamicin or gentamicin and cytarabine. Suspensions of yeast cells (10(7)) were administered through a catheter intraesophageally. Invasion was determined by culturing liver, kidney, and lung tissue from mice sacrificed after 48 h. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were incapable of invading through normal gastrointestinal mucosa in mice treated only with gentamicin. Two isolates of C. tropicalis penetrated the damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in 69% (49 of 71) of mice treated with gentamicin and cytarabine. In contrast, three isolates of C. albicans penetrated he damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in only 23% (14 of 62) of mice. These results suggest that C. tropicalis is more capable of invading through damaged gastrointestinal mucosa than C. albicans. The observations in this mouse model parallel those seen in patients on cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, this model offers a tool for investigation of the pathogenicity of these organisms in a model analogous to the compromised host. PMID- 7011988 TI - The rat as an animal model for infant botulism. AB - Susceptibility to intraintestinal Clostridium botulinum colonization of conventional infant and germfree adult rats is comparable to that of mice. C. botulinum-monoassociated rats pass C. botulinum toxin in their milk. PMID- 7011989 TI - Host defenses in murine malaria: failure of vaccination with formolized blood parasites to protect athymic mice from Plasmodium berghei. AB - The thymus dependency of immunity to erythrocytic Plasmodium berghei (NYU-2) infection generated in response to injections of Formalin-killed mixed blood parasites was shown by the demonstration that the vaccine protected immunologically intact nu/+ mice, but not their athymic nu/nu littermates. PMID- 7011990 TI - Protective effect of immunization of rats with holotoxin or B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - The relative immunogenicities of three forms of the Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin (LT), the holotoxin, its B subunit, and the polymyxin-release form (PM LT) were compared by immunizing rats with various dosages of each given exclusively by the parenteral (IP/IP) or peroral (PO/PO) routes or by a combination of the two (IP/PO). The degree of protection was evaluated by challenge in ligated ileal loops, and the serum antitoxin response was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with homologous antigens. When given by the PO/PO route, each LT antigen provided only weak protection against the toxin and virtually none against viable LT-producing strains; serum antitoxin titers were not significantly increased. When the toxins were given after a parental primary immunization by either the IP/IP or the IP/PO routes, each LT antigen provided a dose-related increase in serum antitoxin titers and in the degree of protection against the toxin as well as against viable strains which produce LT alone (LT(+)/ST(-)) or in combination with the heat-stable toxin (LT(+)/ST(+)). The degree of protection against viable bacteria, particularly the LT(+)/ST(+) strain, was stronger in animals which received booster immunizations by the PO route. When expressed on the basis of molar equivalents, holotoxin provided significant protection (a protection index of >5 against toxin challenge and >50% reduced secretion with bacterial challenge) with 4 to 15 times fewer moles than PM LT and up to 50 times fewer moles than the B subunit. These observations indicate that, on the basis of molar equivalents, the holotoxin (which contains one A plus five or six B subunits) is a more potent immunogen than either PM LT (which contains one A and probably one B subunit) or the B subunit. PMID- 7011991 TI - Comparison of enterotoxic activities of heat-stable enterotoxins from class 1 and class 2 Escherichia coli of swine origin. AB - Pig small intestine develops age-dependent resistance to some (class 2 strains) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli while remaining susceptible to others (class 1 strains). This study tested the hypothesis that class 1 and class 2 strains produce different subtypes of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The dose-response curves of small intestine to crude ST preparations from a class 1 and a class 2 strain were compared in several species. In infant mice, the class 1 ST preparation was less active than the class 2 ST preparation, whereas in rabbits the preparations were equally potent. However, in 1-, 7-, and 14-week-old pigs, the class 1 ST preparation was more active than the class 2 preparation. At low doses, both preparations caused reduced absorption in pigs of all three age groups, and at high doses the class 1 preparation caused secretion in all three age groups. In contrast, at high doses the class 2 preparation caused secretion in 1-week-old pigs but only reduced absorption in older pigs. when class 1 and class 2 ST preparations were fractionated by methanol extraction, in both cases the mouse-negative, pig-positive activity was associated with the methanol insoluble fraction and mouse-positive, pig-positive activity was associated with the methanol-soluble fraction. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that class 1 and class 2 strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli produce different subtypes of ST and that the response of pig intestine to ST varies with both age and toxin subtype. PMID- 7011992 TI - Respective contributions to protection of primary and booster immunization with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in rats. AB - The respective contributions to protection of the route and dosage of primary and booster immunizations with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin were evaluated in rats. The degree of protection was determined by challenge with toxin and viable bacteria in ligated ileal loops, and the serum antitoxin response was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary immunization was effective only when given by the parenteral route. The degree of protection was enhanced a fivefold dosage increase in the primary parenteral immunization in rats given constant dosages of booster immunizations either parenterally or perorally, but not by further dosage increases. In contrast, the degree of protection rose when dosages of the booster immunizations were increased over a 25-fold range. Four weekly peroral, but only two biweekly parenteral, booster immunizations were necessary to achieve strong protection; biweekly combined parenteral and peroral booster immunizations yielded both strong, immediate and extended protection. The degree of protection against the toxin correlated with that against viable bacteria and with elevated serum antitoxin titers: all seven groups with a protection index of greater than 5 against the toxin had strong protection against heat-labile toxin-producing strains and fourfold or greater increases in the antitoxin titers, whereas none of the nine groups with a protection index of less than 3 was protected against bacteria or had an equivalent antitoxin response. These observations show that once an adequate parenteral primary immunization is given, the degree of protection is influenced primarily by the dosage of the booster immunizations, the necessary number of which is dependent on their route of administration. PMID- 7011993 TI - Hemagglutination of human type O erythrocytes, hemolysin production, and serogrouping of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study potential virulence factors associated with Escherichia coli urinary pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. These factors were compared with characteristics of normal-flora E. coli isolated from stool specimens of healthy individuals without a history of urinary tract infection. The potential virulence factor focused on in this study was hemagglutination (HA) of human type O erythrocytes by E. coli urinary pathogens. A total of 265 strains of E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were tested for their ability to hemagglutinate human type O erythrocytes; of these, 148 (56%) were HA positive. Only 6 of 36 fecal E. coli strains (17%) isolated from healthy controls were HA positive. This significant association of the presence of hemagglutinin on E. coli that causes urinary tract infections indicates the likelihood that HA is a marker of virulence. Only 12% (5 of 43) of Proteus mirabilis and 3% (3 of 104) of Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary isolates were HA positive. There was a trend for HA positive E. coli to be isolated from patients with kidney infections and positive tests for antibody-coated bacteria rather than bladder infections and negative tests for antibody-coated bacteria, although the difference was not statistically significant. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.025) between hemolysin production and HA; 67% (69 of 103) of the isolates that produced hemolysin also hemagglutinated human type O erythrocytes. There was no significant correlation between HA and motility, although there was a trend for flagellated organisms to be non-hemagglutinators. There was a marked correlation between the presence of hemagglutinin and the serogroup of the E. coli isolate; serogroups O4, O7, and O50 were almost always HA positive (57 of 63; 90%). In contrast, serogroups O8 and O25 were rarely HA positive (2 of 30; 7%). PMID- 7011994 TI - Immune response of the ileum to invasive Escherichia coli diarrheal disease in rabbits. AB - We have previously characterized a rabbit model of invasive Escherichia coli diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to measure the in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin and anti-invasive E. coli antibody by ileal tissue and levels of anti-invasive E. coli antibody in sera and ileal contents at intervals after diarrhea. Immunoglobulin synthesis by the ileum peaked at 7 to 9 days, but returned to normal by 11 to 13 days post-diarrhea.l Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) was synthesized in greater quantity than was IgG or IgM. Anti-invasive E. coli antibody synthesis peaked at 11 to 13 days, decreased to less than half of maximum by 21 to 24 days, but was increased again at 30 to 33 days post-diarrhea. Secretory IgA anti-invasive E. coli antibody was synthesized in greater quantity than was IgG or IgM antibody. Specific antibody of the IgG and IgM classes, but not of the IgA class, appeared in sera by 4 to 6 days and peaked at 7 to 15 days post-diarrhea. Secretory IgA anti-invasive E. coli antibody was detected in ileal contents by 7 to 13 days, but maximum levels were not reached until 50 to 55 days post-diarrhea. IgG and IgM anti-invasive E. coli antibodies were not detected in ileal contents. The synthesis and secretion of secretory IgA antibody were major components of the immune response of the ileum after infection with an invasive bacterium. PMID- 7011995 TI - Effect of pH and human saliva on protease production by Candida albicans. AB - The elaboration of extracellular proteolytic activity by Candida albicans during growth in laboratory broth or in human whole salivary supernatant was investigated. Growth of the organism in broth at pH 3 to 7 followed by assay of culture supernatants at pH 4 (optimum for activity) indicated protease was only present in cultures grown at a pH of less than 5. In contrast, growth in sterile human whole salivary supernatant over the pH range of 3 to 7 uniformly failed to result in production of protease. Growth of the organism at pH 4 in broth supplemented with saliva resulted in a saliva-dependent inhibition of protease production. Although the addition of up to 16% (vol/vol) saliva had essentially no effect on growth, 4% saliva caused a 50% reduction in proteolysis of substrate protein. Due to the low pH requirement for protease production and activity and the demonstration that saliva is a potent inhibitor of protease synthesis, we conclude C. albicans most likely does not produce extracellular protease in the human oral cavity. PMID- 7011996 TI - Characterization of murine antibody response to Salmonella typhimurium by a class specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A heavy-chain class-specific, solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to characterize the murine antibody response to Salmonella typhimurium. The specificity of the assay was verified by quantitation of the extent of binding of anti-S. typhimurium antibodies to other bacterial genera and species and by cross adsorption studies. The sensitivity of the procedure was also examined, and it was determined to be substantially more sensitive than either the passive hemagglutination or the whole-cell agglutination technique. The method was subsequently used to analyze th murine antibody response to S. typhimurium. Groups of mice were prebled and then immunized with live S. typhimurium via different routes. The animals were bled weekly for 12 weeks, and then sera were assayed for antibodies directed against whole bacteria or purified lipopolysaccharide. Anti-Salmonella antibodies of the immunoglobulin M class appeared in the serum approximately 2 to 3 weeks after immunization, and then immunoglobulin G anti-Salmonella antibodies appeared which constituted the major part of the long-term response. Immunoglobulin A was not a major component of the serum antibody response. The antibodies were primarily directed against the lipopolysaccharide determinants, but a small percentage of the response was directed against other cell surface components. Qualitatively and quantitatively similar anti-Salmonella antibody responses were observed in sera of outbred and inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7011998 TI - Membrane and cytoplasmic location of streptolysin S precursor. AB - Group A streptococci which produce streptolysin S (SLS) contain a cellular potential hemolysin (CPH) which is precursor to extracellular SLS. Since the cellular location of CPH is unknown, protoplasts prepared with group C phage associated lysin or mutanolysin from 18 strains of group A streptococci were fractionated into subcellular components and assayed for CPH. In all strains, most of the CPH was membrane associated, and most could not be removed from membranes by washing with buffer or 2 M LiCl. CPH remaining in the cytoplasmic fraction was sedimentable, but not associated with membrane fragments. Ribonuclease digestion neither solubilized nor inactivated CPH from membranes. Streptococcal proteinase also did not affect CPH, although it did inactivate SLS. We conclude that group A streptococci contain a major pool of CPH in the membrane and a smaller pool in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7011997 TI - Role of sulfhydryls in in vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - In an attempt to evaluate various factors that influence the growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in NC-5 medium, the effects of sulfur and --SH compounds were investigated. Cysteine could be replaced by equimolar concentrations of other --SH compounds containing carboxyl group, and at lower concentrations by nonpolar sulfhydryl compounds. The oxidized form of sulfhydryls, as well as certain organic and inorganic reducing agents, did not support growth. The results suggest that the function of sulfhydryl compounds is to maintain low reducing potential in the medium and also to participate in metabolic or biosynthetic pathways or both. A combination of dithiothreitol and thioglycolate gave better results than when these compounds were incorporated individually in the medium. This suggests the protective action of dithiothreitol in preventing oxidation of monothiols. PMID- 7012001 TI - Effect of route of Mycobacterium bovis BCG administration on induction of suppression of sporozoite immunity in rodent malaria. AB - Intravenous immunization of mice with 16,000, 60Co--gamma-irradiated, attenuated sporozoites produced solid immunity to sporozoite-induced malaria when the mice were challenged 21 days after immunization. In contrast, mice injected by various routes with 10(7) viable units of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) before immunization with irradiated sporozoites were not completely immune to challenge. The extent of reduced protection against viable sporozoites demonstrated with these animals was dependent upon the injection route mycobacteria. The intravenous administration of BCG induced the greatest degree of suppression, followed by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. BCG injected intramuscularly before sporozoite immunization did not suppress development of immunity. In contrast, mice injected with BCG after immunization with attenuated sporozoites exhibited a lesser degree of suppression. In these animals, only the intravenous injection of mycobacteria reduced immunity. PMID- 7011999 TI - Effects of route and time of administration of antiserum on protection of mice from lethal infection due to group B Streptococcus type III. AB - The present study examines a mouse model of infection due to group B Streptococcus serotype III (GBS-III) as to the route and timing of antiserum administration for protection and quantitation of bacteremia with and without antiserum. Data for these parameters are contrasted with those after challenge with serotype Ia of group B Streptococcus (GBS-Ia). An intraperitoneal injection of GBS organisms and protective antiserum from a single syringe can be used to create an animal model of disease. Intraperitoneal injection of GBS-III resulted in bacteremia at 0.5 h both in animals who did not receive antiserum (17.4 X 10(2) +/- 7.6 X 10(2) colony-forming units per ml of blood samples) and in animals who received antiserum (19.3 X 10(1) +/- 6.8 X 10(1) colony-forming units per ml). Although intraperitoneal injection of GBS-Ia also resulted in bacteremia evident by 0.5 h in unprotected animals (30.1 X 10(2) +/- 3.8 X 10(2) colony forming units per ml), no bacteremia occurred in protected recipients of this organism. Bacteremia due to GBS-Ia and GBS-III logarithmically increased until at least 7 h. Bacteremia due to GBS-III in protected animals was cleared by 24 h. Protection against GBS disease did not require simultaneous or proximate administration of the organism and the antiserum. Mice could be protected from death after intraperitoneal challenge with GBS-III or GBS-Ia by antiserum administered intravenously or intraperitoneally from 6 h before to 2.5 h after challenge. PMID- 7012000 TI - Host defenses in murine malaria: analysis of plasmodial infection-caused defects in macrophage microbicidal capacities. AB - Macrophage-dependent killing of facultative intracellular bacteria was markedly impaired by overt erythrocytic Plasmodium yoelii or Plasmodium berghei infection of mice. P. yoelii infection was capable of ablating not only the macrophage microbicidal capacity of "normal" animals but also the bactericidal capacities of "activated" macrophages. The uptake by spleen and liver of an intravenous challenge of Listeria monocytogenes was not altered by plasmodial infection, but within hours of injection markedly enhanced bacterial growth was found in tissues of malarious mice. The evidence gives credence to the view that the uptake of bacteria by macrophages of malarious mice was normal but that malarious mice, unlike normal mice, were unable to kill the bacteria. The plasmodial infection caused defect in macrophage microbicidal capacity could be partially mimicked by the intravenous injection of large numbers of nonreplicating heterologous particles (i.e., killed bacteria, sheep erythrocytes). This result suggests that the uptake of particles generated during overt erythrocytic malaria may be responsible for the malaria-associated defects in macrophage bactericidal capacity. PMID- 7012003 TI - K88-mediated binding of Escherichia coli outer membrane fragments to porcine intestinal epithelial cell brush borders. AB - We have examined the interactions between various radiolabeled membrane fractions obtained from an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain and brush borders isolated from porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Outer membrane fragments containing the K88 attachment factor bound tightly to brush borders, whereas cytoplasmic membrane vesicles did not. Three different types of outer membrane preparations were tested: (i) cellular outer membranes isolated from lysozyme spheroplasts, (ii) medium vesicles or outer membrane fragments released into the medium during growth, and (iii) periplasmic vesicles, or outer membrane fragments which were released from the cells during spheroplast formation and were therefore isolated in the periplasmic fraction. Of these fractions, which were heterogeneous, it was always the outer membrane subfraction which bound tightly to brush borders. This binding, which was K88 dependent, may have some physiological significance in view of the association between outer membrane fragments and enterotoxin. Thus, released outer membrane fragments equipped with attachment factors may function as enterotoxin carriers which increase the efficiency with which enterotoxin can be delivered to intestinal epithelial cells. PMID- 7012002 TI - Evans blue dye adjuvant enhances delayed hypersensitivity while blocking immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. AB - Evans blue dye functions as an adjuvant with protein antigens in saline to induce cell-mediated immunological responses in mice. But when used to help induce cell mediated tuberculoimmunity, it decreased mouse resistance to tuberculosis instead of helping induce immunity. This paradox was investigated. As could be expected from previous work with other antigens, the dye did promote induction of delayed hypersensitivity in mice to tuberculoprotein when injected in saline with killed tubercle bacilli. Peritoneal macrophages from mice injected with the dye responded normally to migration inhibition factor. Morphologically, these cells were moderately "activated" compared with similar cells taken from untreated mice. However, such cells incubated with tuberculosis growth inhibition lymphokine in an in vitro test for tuberculoimmunity did not express tuberculoimmunity, whereas macrophages from untreated mice did. Therefore, Evans blue dye did promote induction of cell-mediated immunological responses and tuberculoimmunity in lymphocytes, but under the conditions used in these experiments, it also blocked expression of tuberculoimmunity by macrophages. PMID- 7012004 TI - Preliminary demonstration of human tuberculoimmunity in vitro. AB - In this paper a method for studying human tuberculoimmunity in vitro is described. Results from its use support an explanation for human tuberculoimmunity that is like that for mouse tuberculoimmunity: that immune lymphocytes are stimulated by being cultured with immunizing antigen to make a lymphokine which enables syngeneic macrophages to kill intracellular tubercle bacilli. This method uses antigen-responding lymphocytes and effector monocytes taken in the same original 20-ml sample of venous blood. These cells are cultured separately, the lymphocytes for 72 h with antigen to make immune lymphokine and the monocytes for 7 days to become macrophages. The macrophages are then infected with attenuated or virulent tubercle bacilli and cultured for 7 days more in medium with or without the immune lymphokine. Without it they are unable to control intracellular replication of the bacilli, whereas with it they do. This lymphokine was produced only by lymphocytes of immune subjects, of whom there were three kinds: tuberculin positive naturally immunized, Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunized, and trypsin-extracted bacillary antigen immunized. This method for detecting human tuberculoimmunity in vitro should be useful for comparing experimental vaccines and for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of human tuberculoimmunity under better controlled conditions than hitherto have been possible. PMID- 7012005 TI - Bartonella bacilliformis: colonial types and erythrocyte adherence. AB - Bartonella bacilliformis was cultivated on a solid medium, and two bartonella colonial morphologies were differentiated and designated colony types T1 and T2. Although both T1 and T2 bartonellae adhered to human erythrocytes in vitro, approximately twice as many T2 bartonellae adhered as did T1. Maximum adherence required bartonella energy, most likely proton motive force-dependent motility. Bartonellae did not penetrate or lyse erythrocytes in vitro. Bartonellae adhered poorly to alpha- or beta-glucosidase-treated erythrocytes, but pronase or subtilisin treatment of erythrocytes stimulated adherence. This indicates that bartonellae probably adhere to an erythrocyte glycolipid moiety. PMID- 7012006 TI - Production of heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins by strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serogroups O44, O114, and O128. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli which belong to enteropathogenic serogroups usually fail to produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins. However, 1 of 34 strains of E. coli O44, 9 of 45 strains of E. coli O114, and 18 of 82 strains of E. coli O128 produced heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins. Most enterotoxigenic isolates were from tropical or developing countries; all three enterotoxigenic strains isolated in Britain were from patients returned from abroad. Enterotoxigenic strains were of many different flagellar types. Certain enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli O114 and O128 possessed colonization factor antigen I. PMID- 7012007 TI - Chemoattractive factors from Escherichia coli: individual strain variation. AB - Thirty-five different Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, or pyelonephritis were investigated regarding their capacity to stimulate leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. There were significant differences between individual strains in degree of chemoattraction, as well as among individual leukocyte donors in their reactions to the same strains. These differences were not correlated to specific E. coli antibodies. No significant differences in chemoattraction were found among strains isolated from patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, or pyelonephritis. It was suggested that the production of chemoattractive factors was not important for the pathogenicity of different E. coli strains in relation to urinary tract infection. PMID- 7012008 TI - Direct evidence for the involvement of capsular polysaccharide in the immunoprotective activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae ribosomal preparations. AB - Previous work has demonstrated the capsular serotypic specificity of the protection conferred on mice by Klebsiella pneumoniae ribosomal preparations. The data in these studies support the hypothesis that capsular polysaccharide plays at least some role in the specificity of the protection conferred by ribosomal preparations. In this investigation, the presence of capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide in K. pneumoniae ribosomal preparations was demonstrated by using immunodiffusion tests. Lipopolysaccharide content was determined for mice treated with actinomycin D. The serotype of O antigen did not play a role in the orientation of the specificity of the protection. The possibility that lipopolysaccharide might act as an adjuvant was not unlikely since the ribosomal preparations which contained the greatest amounts of lipopolysaccharide appeared to be the most immunoprotective preparations. Ribosomal preparations extracted from a noncapsulated mutant of K. pneumoniae did not protect mice. This finding suggested that capsular polysaccharide might play a role in the immunoprotective activity of ribosomes. This hypothesis was tested by using K. pneumoniae K2 bacteriophage-associated-glycanase, which specifically hydrolyzed K. pneumoniae K2 capsular polysaccharide and thereby suppressed the immunoprotective activity of K. pneumoniae K2 ribosomal preparations. In contrast, the K2 bacteriophage associated glycanase did not interfere with the immunoprotective activity of K. pneumoniae K1 ribosomal preparations. These results clearly demonstrate that capsular polysaccharide, which is an extraribosomal antigen, is involved in the immunoprotective activity of K. pneumoniae ribosomal preparations. PMID- 7012009 TI - Absence of correlation between delayed-type hypersensitivity and protection in experimental systemic candidiasis in immunized mice. AB - We found that in mice which had been immunized intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(8) heat-killed Candida albicans cells there was a striking temporal relationship between resistance to systemic challenge with 10(6) living C. albicans cells and a number of measurable cellular parameters of the host response. These included the emergence of delayed-type hypersensitivity and the development of granulocytosis. Since it had been shown in previous work that granulocytosis was associated with an increase in resistance when nonspecific immunostimulation was used, we performed experiments to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity without any measurable modification of the granulocyte population. Adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity with spleen cells from immune and resistant donor mice did not produce any increase in resistance in normal recipients. When separate groups of mice were immunized intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with varying doses of heat-killed C. albicans, we found that doses of less than 10(8) cells did induce significant delayed-type hypersensitivity without any increase in granulocytosis. In such mice, as well as in animals pretreated with immunomodulators before immunization with heat-killed C. albicans, the presence of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by the delayed-type hypersensitivity test, was not associated with an increase in resistance against systemic candidiasis. On the contrary, the results suggested that cell-mediated immunity was associated with an increase in the susceptibility of these mice. The same effect on candidiasis susceptibility was observed when animals were immunized with heat killed filamentous C. albicans. PMID- 7012010 TI - Cryoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, and complement activation in cerebral malaria. AB - A total of 32 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were studied. Of these, 23 had benign infections, and 9 had typical cerebral malaria. Cryoglobulins, circulating immune complexes detected by a C1q-binding assay, and hypocomplementemia were found in eight of nine patients with cerebral malaria. Raised levels of complement component 3 breakdown products (C3d) were found in the seven patients tested. Peak levels of circulating immune complexes and C3d were associated with thrombocytopenia. In contrast, in patients with benign Plasmodium falciparum malaria, cryoglobulins and circulating immune complexes were found only in 3 of 23 patients. Similarly, hypocomplementemia was detected only in 5 of 23 patients. These observations suggest that the intensity of the immune response and of the associated complement activation may be important factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. PMID- 7012011 TI - Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in a natural site. AB - Pigeon droppings in a vacant tower were assayed for the number and size of viable cells of Cryptococcus neoformans. The dry, thinly scattered floor debris contained 2.6 x 10(6) viable cells per g--300 times more cells than were cultured from a large, compact pile of pigeon droppings (7.4 x 10(3) cells per g). Aerosols generated from floor debris containing pigeon droppings had an average of 360 viable cells in 31 liters of air; 27 of these cells (7.5%) were 1.1 to 3.3 micrometers in diameter and, therefore, capable of human lung deposition. Environmental factors which may influence the distribution, survival, and proliferation of C. neoformans in nature are discussed. PMID- 7012012 TI - Adhesion, hemagglutination, and virulence of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections. AB - The capacity of 453 Escherichia coli strains to agglutinate erythrocytes and yeast cells and to attach to human urinary tract epithelial cells was tested. The strains were isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria and from the stools of healthy school children. Three main patterns of hemagglutination were found: (i) mannose resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or simultaneously with mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes; (ii) only mannose sensitive agglutination of guinea pig and other erythrocytes; and (iii) no agglutination. Strains with mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or in combination with mannose-sensitive hemagglutination attached in high numbers to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Bacteria inducing only mannose sensitive hemagglutination attached in low numbers, and non-agglutinating strains did not bind to the urinary tract epithelial cells. The bacterial surface antigen(s) mediating mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells may be one factor selecting for E. coli from among the fecal flora which infect the urinary tract. The highest proportion of strains with this property was found among acute pyelonephritis isolates (77%), and the lowest proportion of strains with this property was found among normal fecal E. coli (16%). PMID- 7012013 TI - Colicin V production by clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from random fecal samples, urines of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients who had urinary tract infections, and blood of patients with septicemia were examined for colicin V production. The percentage of ColV+ strains isolated from blood (31.6%) or from urines of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (26.2%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than the percentage isolated from feces (13.6%). The colicin V immunity determinant of ColV,I-K94 conferred immunity to 26% of the type V colicins produced by clinical isolates. Of the ColV+ strains studied, 63.6% produced at least one other type of colicin. PMID- 7012014 TI - Effect of human saliva on glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans and other oral microorganisms. AB - We examined the effects of human whole salivary supernatant and parotid fluid on glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The following three effects of saliva were observed: (i) inhibition of glucose uptake (S. mutans, S. sanguis), (ii) promotion of a transient, rapid (0 to 30 s) burst of glucose uptake (S. mutans, S. sanguis), and (iii) enhancement of glucose uptake (S. mitis, A. viscosus, S. aureus, E. coli). We observed no differences between the effects of whole salivary supernatant and the effects of parotid fluid. Heat treatment (80 degrees C, 10 min) of saliva or the addition of dithiothreitol abolished inhibition of glucose uptake. Supplementation of saliva with H(2)O(2) potentiated inhibition of glucose uptake. S. mitis and A. viscosus, which were stimulated by saliva alone, were inhibited by H(2)O(2)-supplemented saliva; 50% inhibition of glucose uptake by S. mutans and S. mitis required ca. 10 muM H(2)O(2) in 50% (vol/vol) saliva. Loss of the inhibitory action of saliva occurred at about 5% (vol/vol) saliva. Supplementation of saliva dilutions with SCN(-) and H(2)O(2) extended the inhibitory activity to solutions containing ca. 0.2% (vol/vol) saliva. We suggest that the salivary lactoperoxidase-SCN(-) H(2)O(2) system is responsible for the inhibitory activity of saliva reported here. Furthermore, we concluded that lactoperoxidase and SCN(-) are present in saliva specimens in concentrations that exceed minimal inhibitory levels by factors of ca. 500 and 10 to 20, respectively. The resistance of A. viscosus, S. aureus, and E. coli to the inhibitory potential of saliva alone was probably due to the production of catalase by these organisms. The resistance of S. mitis may have been due to special effects of saliva on H(2)O(2) accumulation by this organism compared with S. mutans and S. sanguis. The basis of saliva-dependent enhancement of glucose uptake and the basis of promotion of a transient, rapid burst of glucose uptake are unknown. The role of the salivary lactoperoxidase SCN(-)-H(2)O(2) system in the oral microbial ecosystem is discussed. PMID- 7012015 TI - Factors influencing release of type III antigens by group B streptococci. AB - The release of serotype III group B streptococcal polysaccharides into the supernatant fluid was examined under a variety of physiological conditions. Release of both high- and low-molecular-weight type III antigens was fairly constant throughout exponential growth, but increased markedly upon entering the stationary phase of growth. Increased glucose and decreased phosphate concentrations both caused a large increase in release of antigens. Inhibition of protein synthesis in exponentially growing cells by chloramphenicol (10 micrograms/ml) caused a condition of unbalanced growth in which antigen release was increased greatly over control values. Strain variability in antigen release was also observed. Strains which are known to be high neuraminidase producers released elevated levels of both low- and high-molecular-weight type III antigens. Non-neuraminidase-producing strains released considerably less high molecular-weight antigen, but similar levels of the low-molecular-weight antigen compared with the high neuraminidase producers. Strain D136C, a type III non neuraminidase producer, released negligible quantities of the high-molecular weight antigen in the supernatant fluid. These results indicate that both the physiological environment and the type III strain are important in determining the quantity of type-specific antigen released into the culture fluid. PMID- 7012016 TI - Immune response in the bovine mammary gland after intestinal, local, and systemic immunization. AB - The immune response in mammary glands of cattle was measured after intestinal, local, and systemic immunization with T4 bacteriophage. Nonlactating pregnant cows were immunized by infusions into the intestine or mammary gland and by subcutaneous injections in the region of the prescapular or external inguinal lymph nodes. Titers of antibodies of different isotypes were measured in serum and in lacteal secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and numbers of cells producing antibodies of each isotype were determined in lacteal secretions by the Jerne plaque assay. Substantial increases in immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) and IgG2 antibody titers were detected in serum and lacteal secretions of animals immunized through an intestinal fistula. IgM and IgA antibody responses were low or undetectable. Low numbers of IgA and IgG1 plaque-forming cells were occasionally detected. It is proposed on the basis of these data that migration of antigen-stimulated IgG lymphoblasts, and perhaps of antigen, to spleen and peripheral lymph nodes may be dominant events after intestinal immunization of ruminants. This is consistent with the predominance of serum-derived IgG antibodies in colostrum and milk. Intramammary infusion of antigen gave rise to increases in antibody titers in all classes which were greater not only in lacteal secretions but also in blood serum than with either systemic route used. There was clear evidence from relative antibody titers for local synthesis of antibodies, principally IgA and IgG1, in the immunized glands. Comparison of IgA titers in secretions from the immunized glands with those in serum also suggested that locally synthesized IgA antibodies may have contributed in some measure to serum titers. Local synthesis in both immunized and nonimmunized glands was also reflected by the presence of increased numbers of IgA and IgG1 plaque-forming cells. It is hypothesized that antibody-forming cells responsible for local synthesis originated in lymphoid tissue within the mammary gland or from peripheral lymph nodes, depending upon the route of immunization. PMID- 7012018 TI - Use of 51Cr-labeled mononuclear cells for measuring the cellular immune response in mouse lungs. AB - Spleen cells labeled with 51Cr were used in sensitized syngeneic mice to measure the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration into antigen-challenged tissues. With this method, increased cellular infiltration was found after footpad challenge of mice sensitized with sheep erythrocyte, Escherichia coli, and BCG antigens. Cellular response also was determined by using this technique in the lungs of mice sensitized with sheep erythrocytes and BCG. This procedure offers the opportunity to measure cellular infiltration, whether due to cellular or humoral influences, in tissues not easily accessible to conventional immunological manipulation. PMID- 7012017 TI - Comparisons of mycelia- and spherule-derived antigens in cellular immune assays of Coccidioides immitis-infected guinea pigs. AB - The biological activities of four Coccidioides antigens were compared in skin test, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and lymphocyte transformation (LT) assays fo 137 Coccidioides-infected and 20 noninfected guinea pigs. Antigens included: C-ASWS-M, the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall extract from mycelia of C. immitis; C-ASWS-S, the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall extract from spherules; CDN-TS, a toluene-induced lysate of C. immitis mycelia; and spherulin, an autolysate obtained from spherules. CDN-TS proved significantly more reactive (P less than 0.0001) in skin tests, eliciting a mean induration of 11.6 mm as compared with indurations of 6.6, 6.4, and 6.1 mm obtained with C-ASWS S spherulin, and C-ASWS-M, respectively. CDN-TS, C-ASWS-S, and spherulin were equally reactive in MIF assays and elicited migration inhibitions of 31.8, 30.8, and 30.7%. C-ASWS-M was significantly less reactive (P less than 0.001), with a mean response of 23.5%. The highest level of activity in LT assays was obtained with C-ASWS-S with a mean response of 5,636 delta cpm as compared with responses of 3,624, 3,439, and 3,580 delta cpm with CDN-TS, spherulin, and C-ASWS-M, respectively (P less than 0.01). All antigens were effective in distinguishing responses of infected versus noninfected guinea pigs. PMID- 7012019 TI - Role of thymus for N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-induced polyarthritis and granuloma formation in euthymic and athymic nude rats or in neonatally thymectomized rats. AB - A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), produced extremely severe polyarthritis with almost 100% incidence in Rowett euthymic rnu/+ rats, but the same dose of MDP (100 microgram) did not produce the disease in athymic rnu/rnu rats. Five hundred micrograms of MDP or 0.2 mg of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG, however, produced mild and transient polyarthritis in nude rats with very low incidence. We have not yet succeeded in reconstituting the disease susceptibility of nude rats by using thymus cells from normal rnu/+ rats. After intradermal inoculation of 100 microgram of MDP, nude rats developed small granulomas with a little necrosis and very few multinucleated giant cells only in the regional lymph nodes, whereas, in addition to the development of polyarthritis, euthymic rnu/+ rats developed typical granuloma with massive necrosis accompanied by numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and sparse multinucleated giant cells in the regional lymph nodes. Thymus cell-reconstituted rnu/rnu rats developed granuloma with sparse giant cells, relatively large areas of necrosis, and many polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neonatal thymectomy may depress adjuvant-induced arthritis in the high-responder Lewis rats and enhance the disease development in the low-responder F344 rats. These findings suggested that (i) thymus plays an important role in promoting the development of MDP induced arthritis; (ii) MDP-induced granuloma formation does not require thymus functions; (iii) the thymus functions may however be involved in the development of massive necrosis surrounded by considerable polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, the mechanisms of which remain to be determined; and (iv) there is no direct correlation between granuloma formation and development of adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 7012020 TI - Chemical and biological properties of a peptidoglycan isolated from Treponema pallidum kazan. AB - A peptidoglycan layer of Treponema pallidum kazan was isolated by solubilization of whole cells with 1% warm sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent digestion of an insoluble residue with proteases. Electron microscopy revealed that the peptidoglycan was isolated as a single-layered sacculus of less than 5 nm in thickness, freed from axial filaments and an envelope sheath. An isolated peptidoglycan fraction was mainly composed of glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, ornithine, and glycine in molar ratios of 0.65:0.68:1.63:1.00:0.75:1.03. Amino (N)- and carboxyl (C)-terminal amino acid analyses suggested the involvement of at least a part of the glycine residue in cross-linking between the amino group of ornithine residue at one strand of the stem peptide subunit and the carboxyl group of alanine of the neighboring strand. The treponemal peptidoglycan lacked the immunoadjuvant activity both to stimulate antibody production and to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity against ovalbumin, as well as the properties necessary to stimulate guinea pig and mouse splenocytes and guinea pigs peritoneal macrophages, unlike the cell walls or peptidoglycans (group A type of Schleifer and Kandler's classification, Bacteriol. Rev. 36:407-477, 1972) isolated from many bacterial species parasitic to the mammal. However, the peptidoglycan activated the human complement system through the alternative pathway, as well as the classical one, and caused a liberation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in rabbit blood platelets in a similar manner to the cell wall peptidoglycans of both group A and B types. PMID- 7012021 TI - Persistence and spread of Candida albicans after intragastric inoculation of infant mice. AB - Infant mice have been shown previously to be a useful model for the study of gastrointestinal (GI) and systemic candidosis. In this study, the virulence of four strains of Candida albicans was compared in intragastrically inoculated infants and in adult mice inoculated intravenously. The four strains differed in their ability to kill both infant and adult mice. A smaller inoculum was required to kill adult mice inoculated intravenously. Neonates could not be inoculated intravenously. The ability of the strains to spread systemically from and to persist for long periods of time in the digestive tract was also examined in intragastrically inoculated infants. The yeast cells spread to liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen within 30 min postinoculation. Yeast were not detectable in the lungs or in blood from the pleural cavity up to 15 min post-inoculation, thus making it unlikely that systemic spread resulted from faulty inoculation or from aspiration. The region where C. albicans crossed the GI tract of infant mice was visualized histologically in the upper third of the small intestine. The four strains varied in their ability to persist for long periods in the GI tract, in the rate at which they appeared systemically, and in ability to kill infant mice. Three of the four strains colonized the gut for up to 10 weeks postinoculation without use of any compromising agents. PMID- 7012023 TI - Macrophage antimicrobial activity: evidence for participation by lysosomes in the killing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by normal resident macrophages. AB - Ammonium chloride added to normal resident mouse peritoneal macrophages reduced the rate of killing of ingested Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is suggested that this is attributable to the inhibition by ammonia of phagosome-lysosome fusion or of lysosomal protein degradation and that, consequently, lysosomal mechanisms contribute to the normal killing of these yeasts. PMID- 7012022 TI - Mutanolysin-induced spheroplasts of Streptococcus mutants are true protoplasts. AB - A method is described for the preparation of protoplasts of Streptococcus mutans BHT. The muralytic enzyme mutanolysin was prepared free of contaminating proteinases and shown to completely dissolve cell walls of this strain. Whole cells were converted to stabilizable protoplasts by using the enzyme in an isotonic medium containing 40% raffinose. Experiments using [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine as cytoplasmic pool markers revealed only minimal (10%) leakage during a 1-h incubation. Examination by electron microscopy revealed the apparent absence of structural cell wall on the enlarged spherical bodies. Quantitative chemical analyses of membranes prepared by lysing protoplasts demonstrated only very small amounts of rhamnose and trace amounts of galactose. These sugars are the principal components of the BHT cell wall polysaccharide. Also, there were only small amounts of peptidoglycan components (e.g., N-acetylglucosamine) in the purified membranes obtained by this method. PMID- 7012024 TI - Comparison of the effects of different lipopolysaccharides on the serum bactericidal reactions of two strains of Escherichia coli. AB - The serum killing of Escherichia coli ML308 225 and PB94 was inhibited by lipopolysaccharide extracted from either organism, but not by lipopolysaccharide from three pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7012025 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity to Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - The role of the capsular polysaccharide in anaphylactic reactions to Cryptococcus neoformans was investigated. Groups of mice were sensitized with viable cells of either a moderately encapsulated strain of C. neoformans or a non-encapsulated variant. Anaphylactic reactions were observed in both groups of mice to a similar extent when challenged with whole cells. Mice sensitized with the encapsulated strain and challenged with homologous polysaccharide showed only mild hypersensitivity symptoms. Mice sensitized with either the encapsulated or the nonencapsulated strain showed cross-reactivity when challenged with killed cells of the heterologous strain. These data indicate that the capsular polysaccharide plays a minor role in anaphylactic reactions to C. neoformans and that the sensitizing antigen is probably located in the cell wall of the yeast. PMID- 7012026 TI - Protein synthesis in HeLa or Henle 407 cells infected with Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri 2a, or Salmonella typhimurium W118. AB - The incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein was studied in two mammalian cell lines which had been infected with strains of Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri 2a, or Salmonella typhimurium W118. These cell lines differed in susceptibility to the effects of exogenously applied Shiga cytotoxin. All invasive shigella strains (which synthesize this toxin to a greater or lesser degree) were found to inhibit protein synthesis in both cell lines with equal efficiency. Leucine accumulation continued in these cells, but the labeled amino acid was preferentially incorporated into bacterial protein. S. typhimurium W118, which has not been shown to elaborate a Shiga-like toxin, had little effect on protein synthesis in infected host cells. PMID- 7012027 TI - Shigella sonnei phase I and phase II: susceptibility to direct serum lysis and opsonic requirements necessary for stimulation of leukocyte redox metabolism and killing. AB - The synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O-specific repeat polymer by Shigella sonnei phase I is a clearly defined bacterial virulence factor necessary for penetrating epithelial cells; S. sonnei phase II does not synthesize this antigen and is uniformly avirulent. The serum opsonic requirements, relative to differences in gross lipopolysaccharide structure, were investigated by quantification and comparison of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) metabolism and PMNL-mediated microbicidal action to phase I and phase II organisms, using normal and immune serum. The stimulation of PMNL O2-redox metabolism, as required for oxidative killing, was quantified by a chemiluminescent technique, using luminol as a chemilumigenic substrate. Susceptibility to direct serum or serum PMNL-mediated killing was evaluated by serum and serum-phagocytic killing assays. Stimulation of PMNL metabolism and phagocytic killing of S. sonnei phase I required opsonification by specific phase I antibody plus the classical pathway of complement. S. sonnei phase II was susceptible to direct complement-mediated serum killing. Likewise, opsonification of the phase II microbe, as measured by PMNL-associated chemiluminescence, was effected by complement in the absence of immune antibody. These data demonstrate the importance of the O-specific repeat polymer in protecting the microbe from the microbicidal action of PMNL and the bacteriolytic action of serum. PMID- 7012028 TI - Influence of cultural conditions on mitomycin C-mediated bacteriophage induction and release of Salmonella toxin. AB - Several isolates of Salmonella were examined for the capacity to synthesize and release a cholera toxin-like toxin that exerted a biological effect on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Measurements of this Salmonella toxin, which was contained in cell sonic extracts and culture filtrates, were expressed in cholera toxin equivalents (nanograms), since the Chinese hamster ovary cell responses of the cholera toxin and the Salmonella toxin were indistinguishable. Comparative titrations of Salmonella preparations were also performed by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay specific for cholera toxin antigen. The amount of Salmonella toxin synthesized was low (nanogram levels), but the toxin was detectable in cell sonic extracts as early as 6 h after culture inoculation and reached maximal levels by 12 h. Salmonella toxin antigen was not detectable in control culture filtrates until 48 h, but the addition of mitomycin C at 8.5 h resulted in the sudden appearance of toxin antigen at 10 to 12 h, and the toxin antigen level reached a maximum at 14 h. A large peak of Chinese hamster ovary cell activity was observed at 48 h in the control culture, but significant Chinese hamster ovary cell activity was detected as early as 14 h. A larger amount of Chinese hamster ovary cell-reactive material was observed as early as 10 h in cultures grown with mitomycin C. The mechanism of the mitomycin-mediated phenomenon that yielded more toxin in culture filtrates was associated with bacteriophage induction. A bacteriophage plaque assay with a susceptible Salmonella strain revealed that there were free bacteriophage in mitomycin treated culture filtrates (but not control culture filtrates) at 12 h. Toxin production was greatest when cultures were grown at 30 to 37 degrees C and lowest when cultures were grown at 25 degrees C. The inoculum size and degree of culture aeration (agitation) had little effect on synthesis of the toxin, and toxin production occurred during anaerobic growth. PMID- 7012030 TI - Heparin inhibits phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Phagocytosis of unopsonized Salmonella typhimurium 395, MR-10, opsonized Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS, and Staphylococcus epidermidis by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was inhibited by heparin at concentrations as low as 0.5 U/ml. Inhibition was dose dependent and nearly complete at 20 U/ml. Provided that heparin concentrations did not exceed 100 U/ml, inhibition could be largely reversed by washing. Heparin also reversibly inhibited the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to glass. In contrast, hexose monophosphate shunt activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by noningested S. typhimurium MR-10 or Streptococcus pyogenes B14 was not inhibited by heparin at concentrations as high as 100 U/ml. PMID- 7012029 TI - Effect of dietary essential amino acid limitations upon the susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium and the effect upon humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. AB - We investigated the effects of dietary essential amino acid limitations on the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella typhimurium infections and on humoral and cellular immune (cell-mediated immune) responses of mice. Mice fed synthetic diets limited (significantly less than optimum concentration) in a single essential amino acid (leucine, isoleucine, valine, or lysine) for 3 weeks after they were weaned exhibited significantly enhanced susceptibility to S. typhimurium infection, as evidenced by the higher levels of mortality and spread of the bacterial cells in their livers and spleens compared with mice fed the control diet. Compared with mice fed the control diet, mice fed the diet limited in leucine had a lower ability to clear S. typhimurium cells from the peritoneal cavity 5 min after intraperitoneal injection, whereas mice fed the diet limited in lysine had a greater ability. The in vivo phagocytosis and in vitro bactericidal kinetics against S. typhimurium cells by peritoneal macrophages were not significantly different in the control group and the groups of mice fed experimental diets. Certain experimental groups exhibited significantly lower resistance and antibody response against S. typhimurium SL3770 on day 5 after immunization with heat-killed S. typhimurium SL3770. On day 8 after immunization, the levels of serum antibody against S. typhimurium in the mice fed the experimental diets were comparable to the levels in mice fed the control diet. However, the levels of serum transferrin and complement C3 were significantly lower in mice fed certain experimental diets. The cellular immune capacities of mice fed any of the experimental diets were not impaired compared with the capacities of mice fed the control diet, as measured by spleen cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin and the ability to clear infecting Listeria monocytogenes cells from livers and spleens. PMID- 7012031 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to chlamydial antigens in guinea pigs infected ocularly with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. AB - Cell-mediated immune response and humoral response to chlamydial antigens were investigated in guinea pigs infected with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC). Pronounced cell-mediated immune response to the homologous antigen, as well as to two other chlamydial antigens, 6BC (Chlamydia psittaci) and LB-1 (C. trachomatis), occurred in all infected animals. Cell-mediated immune response to GPIC, and to a lesser extent to 6BC and LB-1 as well, was enhanced with time after infection even without the re-inoculation of the infectious agent. Extensive cross-reactions among the three chlamydial antigens during the cell-mediated immune response appeared to be due to shared species-specific and group-reactive antigens. Serum antibody response was pronounced and uniform to GPIC; it was less marked to 6BC and LB-1, with fewer cross-reactions than seen in tests for cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7012032 TI - Role of urease in the formation of infection stones: comparison of ureases from different sources. AB - Bacterial and vegetable ureases were found to differ in certain important respects. For maximal clinical relevance, in vitro studies on the pathogenic role of urease should use whole bacterial cells of Proteus spp., and urease inhibitors should be assessed without preincubation of enzyme with inhibitor. Urease from Proteus morganii was very different from ureases of other species of Proteus; this factor should be taken into account when infections with P. morganii are being treated. PMID- 7012034 TI - Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on the peritoneal clearance of Escherichia coli in mice. AB - A report that Bacteroides fragilis inhibited the killing of facultative anaerobes by human leukocytes in vitro prompted us to look for such inhibition in the peritoneal cavities of mice. No evidence that this phenomenon was operative could be found. PMID- 7012033 TI - Cryptococcal skin test antigen: preparation variables and characterization. AB - Antigen capable of eliciting delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of sensitized guinea pigs could be extracted from Cryptococcus neoformans cells by stirring the cells from 3 to 5 days in concentrated urea or guanidine. Hydrolysis of urea to ammonia by cryptococcal urease accompanied urea extraction, but alkalinity appeared neither necessary nor sufficient for extraction. Antigen from live cells gave larger delayed skin reactions than did antigen from Formalin killed cells. Peak skin test reactivity appeared to reside in protein-rich fraction having an elution volume on Sephadex G50 corresponding to a molecular weight of 10(4). Activity precipitated with half-saturated ammonium sulfate and could be detected in a single, narrow, rapidly migrating band on disc electrophoresis. Dialyzable proteinaceous antigen and high-molecular-weight, serologically active polysaccharide were present in the antigen, but not active in the delayed hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 7012035 TI - Deficient cerebrospinal fluid opsonization in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. AB - Infected cerebrospinal fluid from rabbits with Escherichia coli meningitis failed to opsonize the infecting organism. Cerebrospinal fluid from rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus meningitis did opsinize E. coli. PMID- 7012036 TI - Differences in response among inbred mouse strains to infection with small doses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - Intravenous infection of six inbred mouse strains with small doses of dispersed cells of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (15.5 x 10(3) or 15.5 x 10(4) colony-forming units) separated them into resistant (C3H/HeCr, A/J, and DBA/2) and sensitive (B10.A, C57BL/6, and BALB/c) strains as assessed by the magnitude of bacterial multiplication in the spleens at 28 days. The two groups were more sharply separated after infection with the lower dose of BCG (15.5 x 10(3) colony-forming units), which allowed for true multiplication of the bacteria in the spleens of permissive hosts, expressed as the ratio of the number of BCG recovered from the spleens to the number of BCG injected. This coefficient of increase was less than 1 in resistant strains, whereas it was higher than 2.5 in sensitive strains. Significant splenomegaly developed only in mice of the sensitive strains infected with BCG when compared with uninfected controls. There was no correlation between the magnitude of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to BCG and susceptibility to infection: DTH was absent in both the sensitive and the resistant strains when the smaller dose of BCG was used for infection. Moreover, significant DTH was detected in animals of the most sensitive (BALB/c) as well as of the most resistant (C3H/HeCr) strain when the higher dose of BCG (15.5 x 10(4)) was used for immunization. These results document significant genetic differences in the ability of inbred mice to inhibit bacterial multiplication after infection with small dispersed doses of BCG. Resistance to BCG multiplication, in this model, does not appear to be related to the establishment of DTH. PMID- 7012037 TI - Competition between congenic Escherichia coli K-12 strains in vivo. AB - The ability of Escherichia coli to colonize the large bowels of animals is related to many factors inherent to the intestinal environment and the bacterium. The use of germfree mice eliminates the competition between E. coli and the other microflora and allows most E. coli strains to colonize. We found that E. coli K 12 strains differing in chromosomal antibiotic resistance could monoassociate in germfree mice in large numbers. However, when two or more strains were in competition with each other, we detected quantitative differences in the abilities of the strains to colonize. The order of colonizing ability was as follows: nalidixic acid resistance greater than streptomycin resistance greater than rifampin resistance. We also found that a nalidixic acid-resistant strain bearing plasmid pBR322 colonized less efficiently and at lower levels when in competition with the nalidixic acid-resistant strain. Studies of the membrane proteins of the various strains indicated that changes in membrane proteins occurred concomitantly with altered resistance to antimicrobial agents. These results suggest that chromosomally linked alterations in antimicrobial sensitivity may also reflect changes in membrane proteins and a decreased ability to colonize mammalian intestines in otherwise isogenic bacterial strains. PMID- 7012038 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity in the guinea pig conjunctiva. III. long-term persistence of the hypersensitive state and characterization of antibodies. AB - The ocular immediate hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs to topically applied normal rabbit serum can be evoked as long as 4 years after sensitization. The reaction was as severe and tended to persist for longer than that evoked 6 months after sensitization. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests showed that very high titres of homocytotropic antibodies were present and that both IgE- and IgG1 like antibodies were involved. Sensitization with one set of injections instead of two was not consistently successful and the response on challenge was mild to moderate. Pretreatment of eyes with Isoptocarpine before antigenic challenge had no effect on the response. The addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the first set of sensitizing injections produced hypersensitivity in animals which were otherwise refractory to sensitization. PMID- 7012039 TI - Evidence for the non-peptide nature of neutrophil-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor. AB - Neutrophil-derived low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECFPMN) was examined by a number of methods to prove its peptide nature. Sephadex G-10 eluates of ECFPMN were analyzed by paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, and peptides were separated on a peptide analyzer. Peptides isolated by these three different methods have no neutrophil or eosinophil chemotactic activity over a wide range of concentrations. Enzyme digestion studies supported these findings. Other physical and biological properties of ECFPMN suggest that this material is most likely lipid in nature. PMID- 7012040 TI - Different effect of (L)-fucose binding lectin on macrophage migration inhibition caused by guinea pig migration inhibitory factor and synthetic muramyl dipeptide. AB - (L)-Fucose binding lectin of Ulex europeus (UEA-I) was applied for the study of receptors for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The lectin was found to reduce the responsiveness of macrophages towards MIF when the cells were pretreated with the lectin. The suppressive effect of the lectin on MIF was reversed by (L)-fucose, but not by (D)-galactose, indicating that the effect of lectin is a sugar-specific phenomenon. By immunofluorescence technique the lectin appeared to be on the cell surface of the macrophages. These results suggest that the receptor for MIF and UEA-I lectin was identical or at least partially common. The lectin, however, did not prevent the responsiveness of cells toward MDP, which is known to inhibit macrophage migration just as MIF. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect on macrophage migration caused by the two substances (MIF and MDP) may be different, at least at the level of the receptors. PMID- 7012041 TI - Identification of canine lymphocyte populations by immunofluorescence surface marker analysis. AB - A T-cell-specific rabbit anti-dog thymocyte antiserum was prepared and used in an indirect fluorescent antibody technique to identify T lymphocytes. The antiserum was rendered specific by absorptions with normal dog red blood cells, lyophilized serum, and bone marrow cells. By the indirect immunofluorescence assay, 73.6 +/- 1.2 (SEM)% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were identified as T lymphocytes. By direct immunofluorescence assay of surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes, 18.2 +/- 0.8% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were identified as B lymphocytes. The two assays used in conjunction can thus identify over 90% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes as either T or B lymphocytes, with the remaining 8.2 +/- 1.0% as null cells. PMID- 7012042 TI - Social work and aging: a review of the literature and how it is changing. AB - Three related trends emerge from a review of the traditional social work journals, Social Casework, Social Work, and The Social Service Review, during the five year period from 1970 through 1974. Social workers begin the period with an essentially negative view of aging. They portray aging as a process of losses, regard the aged person as a precipitator of family crises, and focus on protective services. During the middle of the period, the writings show a more positive view of aging, posit the elderly persons as a functional role model for families, and stress supportive counseling services. At the end of the period, however, the diversity of the aging process, the elderly person's relationship to his family, and the delivery of services are recognized. PMID- 7012043 TI - Dialysis in Canada today. PMID- 7012044 TI - [Segmentation of an experimental signal from morphologic descriptors: application to the electroencephalogram]. AB - Many signals can be defined as a background interrupted by events. Our studied signal, the electroencephalogram, belongs to a special field of experiments in which an expert interprets these events. To carry out automatically this interpretation we have to deal with different approaches, e.g. signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The aim is to research a special pattern with hierarchical cancelling of all the parts of the signal which cannot contain the pattern. To descriminate we have to define what we call a disparity and an analogy. We specify them in terms of morphological structures represented with syntactical rules. Here we present a method of segmentation based on local morphological differences which appear on the signal. We code these differences. The organisation of disparities allow us to separate the parts of the signal which cannot be considered as the background signal. Among these separated parts we research a special type of pattern. For this purpose we use syntactical rules that we built up on a learning set of pattern. These rules concern the elements of the code used for the disparities. We applied this study to electroencephalographic signals and to typical epileptic pattern as complex spikes and waves. PMID- 7012045 TI - Computerized quantitation of regional myocardial perfusion in man. AB - A computerized procedure has been developed for the generation, graphic presentation and quantitative evaluation of circumferential profiles of thallium 201 myocardial perfusion. The computer data are first filtered using a two dimensional fast Fourier transform. The optimum criteria for evaluating the profiles of the left anterior oblique (LAO) view have been empirically determined for both rest and stress. The sensitivity of 89 percent and specificity of 75 percent compare well with the results of other methods and are free of the variables of visual interpretation. PMID- 7012046 TI - House Officer Information System--HOIS. AB - The design and operation of a clinical information system called HOIS (House Officer Information System) is described. Information about the management of 78 common acute medical problems is available to the user from this system. An analysis is presented of the medical problems found in 631 medical in-patients. It is reported that 98% of patients had at least one of the 78 problems found in HOIS's data base, and that 82% of all problems in these patients were found in this database. PMID- 7012047 TI - Effect of lentinan on the production of migration inhibitory factor induced by syngeneic tumor in mice. AB - Attempts were made to reveal the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of lentinan on methylcholanthrene-induced transplantable fibrosarcoma (A/Ph.MC.SI) isografts. Since the involvement of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response can be supposed to operate against this syngeneic tumor, the enlargement of regional lymph nodes, the DNA synthesis activity and the migration inhibitory factor producing capacity of the regional lymph-node cells were studied in the control and lentinan treated, tumor-bearing mice at different times after tumor implantation. The only parameter affected until the first sign of tumor inhibition on the 8th day was the MIF-producing capacity. Regional lymph-node cells in the lentinan-treated mice showed a peak response at this time while practically no MIF was produced by cells of non-treated mice. The early phase of the developing anti-tumor reaction (enlargement of and proliferation in the lymph nodes) was initiated in all recipients but only some of them could reject the tumor in the non-treated animals that rejected the tumors in all cases. It can be supposed that a tumor induced immunosuppression emerges in the tumor-bearers and can be overcome by lentinan treatment, most likely through enhancement of the MIF production. For measurement of MIF activity a continuously dividing in vitro macrophage-like cell line was established and employed in the micro-wound migration assay. PMID- 7012049 TI - William Tilbury Fox (1836--1879): his contribution to tropical dermatology. PMID- 7012048 TI - When and how to use sulfones in bullous diseases. PMID- 7012050 TI - Sulfonamides and sulfones in dermatologic therapy. PMID- 7012051 TI - Metal sensitivity reactions to orthopedic implants. PMID- 7012052 TI - Genetic factors in psoriasis. PMID- 7012053 TI - The identification of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives in mutagenic fractions of diesel particulate extracts. AB - The soluble organic fraction (SOF) of particulate matter from diesel exhaust (from point sources, ambient air, etc.) contains hundreds of organic constituents. Norman-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to separate the SOF into subfractions suitable for subsequent chemical analysis and bioassays. These fractions consist of non-polar(PAH), moderately polar (transition) and highly polar constituents. The non-polar fractions have been well characterized and consist of PAH and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The specific compounds present in the transition and polar fractions are for the most part unknown. This analytical information has been difficult to obtain since these compounds are highly labile, polar, of low volatility and in very low concentrations when compared to the bulk of material found in the SOF. Mutagenicity tests using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay indicate that the transition fraction accounts for most of the mutagenicity when compared to the non-polar (PAH) and polar fractions. A variety of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques are described that have been used to determine the composition of the HPLC fractions. More than one hundred species have been identified in the transition fraction of diesel particulate matter using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), HPLC and direct-probe high resolution mass spectrometry. It has been found that the transition fraction contains mostly PAH derivatives consisting of hydroxy, ketone, quinone, carboxaldehyde, acid anhydride and dihydroxy derivatives of PAH. Three nitro-PAH species have been tentatively identified and 1-nitropyrene positively identified in the transition fraction. The 1-nitropyrene was found to account for approximately 45% and 30% of the direct-acting mutagenicity observed for the transition fraction and total extract, respectively. The HPLC separation procedure was shown to give better than 95% recovery of the mass and mutagenic activity. The problem of PAH oxidation during the analytical procedures and possible effect on bioassay results are discussed. PMID- 7012054 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors and HDL-cholesterol levels in obesity. AB - In 1332 patients with different degrees of obesity (344 men, mean age 36 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.46 +/- 0.23; 988 women, mean age 37 +/- 13 years, Broca Index 1.67 +/- 0.30), cardiovascular risk factors (RF), serum HDL-cholesterol, and insulin levels were investigated. The most frequent RF was diastolic hypertension (68 per cent), followed by systolic hypertension (56 per cent), glucose intolerance (55 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (31 per cent), hyperuricemia (19 per cent) and hypercholesterolemia (18 per cent). Only 9.4 per cent of the patients were without RF, and these patients were younger and less obese than patients with RF. Compared with controls, HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased in obese patients, however, the negative linear correlation between relative body weight and HDL-cholesterol levels was only significant in women, not in men. HDL-cholesterol levels were higher in women than in men. Serum insulin levels were correlated positively with relative body weight and negatively with age. Partial correlation analysis revealed a stronger influence of age than body weight on blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels. Uric acid levels correlated positively, and HDL-cholesterol levels negatively with relative body weight alone and not with age. On the basis of prevalence of RF, low serum HDL-cholesterol and high insulin levels, obese patients must be considered at high risk with respect to the development of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7012055 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue from obese human beings. AB - The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) released from human adipose tissue was measured before and after an oral glucose load in obese (n = 8) and normal (n = 7) weight subjects. The enzymatic activity of LPL release from fat tissue by heparin rose significantly one hour after glucose in the normal subjects. There was no such rise in LPL in adipose tissue from obese subjects. Serum triglyceride, insulin and glycerol were higher in the obese than in the lean subjects. PMID- 7012056 TI - Roderich Walter, 1937-1979. PMID- 7012057 TI - Changes of glaucomatous field defects. Degree of accuracy of measurements with the automatic perimeter Octopus. AB - The analytical programme Delta was used to determine longterm fluctuation and accuracy of measurement of the programme 31 of Octopus when used on glaucoma patients. Programme 31 examines the 30 degrees field. The test locations are arranged in a square grid with 6 degrees resolution. The programme Delta determines and compares 1) the disturbed area in %; 2) the total loss, the total sensitivity being around 2000 dB; 3) the loss in dB per mean number of disturbed points. Thirty-two eyes of 22 patients with established glaucomatous field defects were examined twice within two to six days and two months later again twice. The size of the disturbed area served for classification of our sample into three groups: 1st group: disturbed area 1-33%; 2nd group: disturbed area 34 66%; 3rd group: disturbed area 67-100%. Long-term fluctuations and accuracy of measurement could be determined as respectively follows: 1) Disturbed area between 0.7 +/- 8% in group 3 and 1.7 +/- 13% in group 2. 2) The total loss increases proportionately to the disturbed area and was 4.9 +/- 29.2 dB in group 1 and 31.8 +/- 82.4 dB in group 3. 3) The total loss per mean number of disturbed points was 0.5 +/- 2 dB in group 1 and 0.3 +/- 1.2 dB in group 2. This signifies that if the learning effect is over, changes of more than 2 dB, especially if several adjacent points are affected, are a significant loss. The learning effect, as determined in an earlier study, may go up as high as 2 dB per point. PMID- 7012058 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in bacterial DNA--membrane complexes after low doses of ionizing radiation. AB - DNA--membrane complexes from three strains of E. coli were irradiated and changes in the rates of DNA synthesis were observed. Doses from 1--10 krad to complexes from W3110 and pol A1 strains gave up to a 100 per cent increase in DNA synthesis; under the same conditions, no change was observed in Bs-1. The degree of stimulation did not depend on the presence of oxygen during irradiation, and a post-irradiation incubation was necessary to achieve activation. The properties of all three complexes were similar when unirradiated. Irradiation of intact organisms under conditions which produced marked, oxygen-dependent inhibition of the Bs-1 complex had no significant effect on those from W3110 and Pol A1. Enhanced DNA synthesis is concluded to be due wholly to repair of preexisting DNA. It is further postulated that DNA synthesis in untreated complexes (E. coli B's, W3110 and Pol A1) is mainly of the repair-type and does not necessarily take place at the site of DNA--membrane attachment. PMID- 7012060 TI - The regeneration of epidermal cells of Saintpaulia leaves as a new plant-tissue system for cellular radiation biology. AB - Investigation of the nucleus of epidermal cells of the petioles of Saintpaulia leaves by cytofluorimetry revealed that all cells are in a non-cycling pre DNA synthesis phase. Cultivation of dissected leaves results in a synchronous regeneration process of a defined number of cells. Five days after onset of cultivation the cells reach the first mitosis. The nuclear development during the regeneration process is described. Irradiation of the leaves results in a directly visible inhibition of this regenerating capability which is used to quantify cell survival in a tissue. The data show that the radiation response has a similar shape to that of the survival of single cells in culture. This response can be observed before the first mitosis of the cells and its application as a new plant tissue system for cellular radiation research is discussed. PMID- 7012059 TI - Synthesis of inducible enzymes in irradiated yeast cells: inhibition by ionizing radiation. AB - The induced activity of the enzyme arginase was measured in diploid wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae after X-ray and 241Am-alpha-particle exposure. It was found that after doses which are comparable to those necessary to reduce survival, little effect on enzyme activity is seen immediately after irradiation but it is reduced on further incubation. In this case there is an oxygen enhancement ratio of about 2 as for survival. Suppression immediately after exposure requires considerably higher doses, and no oxygen effect is seen. To achieve the same effect with alpha-particles requires even higher doses, the apparent r.b.e. is about 0 . 1. X-ray damage to induced enzyme activity is subject to liquid holding recovery. The results are discussed in relation to current theories of gene inactivation by ionizing radiation. PMID- 7012061 TI - Cerenkov ultraviolet radiation (137Cs gamma-rays) and direct excitation (137Cs gamma-rays and 50 kVp X-rays) produce photoreactivable damage in Escherichia coli. AB - The mechanism of formation of photoreactivable damage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by ionizing radiation in a dark repair deficient strain of Escherichia coli (uvrA recA) has been investigated. By altering the ratio of damage produced directly (by ionization) to that formed indirectly (by Cerenkov ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation by 137Cs gamma-rays, it has been demonstrated that the major portion of the photoreactivable damage is produced by Cerenkov U.V. radiation. The amount of photoreactivable damage produced by 50 kVp X-rays, which cannot generate Cerenkov radiation, is similar to that component of photoreactivable damage produced by 137Cs gamma-rays that is not attributed to Cerenkov radiation. It is suggested that the second mechanism of formation of photoreactivable damage in DNA by ionizing radiation is the direct excitation of DNA. The possible role of Cerenkov U.V. radiation in ionizing radiation mutagenesis is discussed. PMID- 7012062 TI - Surveillance in a surgical intensive care unit: patient and environment. AB - Microbiologic surveillance of both the patients and the ambient environment of a surgical intensive care unit allowed us to relate the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infection to levels of airborne bacteria. Over the study period respiratory tract nosocomial infection rates varied from 0.7% to 17.0%, and nonrespiratory infection rates varied from 1.0% to 25.0%. Airborne bacteria counts during that time varied from 1.0 +/- 0.8 S.E. CFU/ft3 to 96.0 +/- 6.8 S.E. CFU/ft3. There was a reasonably close correlation between airborne bacteria levels and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (r = 0.81, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, there was a close correlation between a specific organism nosocomial infection rate and the number of colonies of that organism present in the air (r = 0.88, p less than 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between airborne bacteria counts and nonrespiratory attack rates (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05). If the bacteria traveled from the air to the patients, there appear to be at least three possible explanations for this significant relationship: (1) direct inoculation of the airway by the airborne bacteria; (2) inoculation of the airway by direct contact, which is related to the degree of "cleanliness" of the environment; and (3) an increased incidence of contaminated respiratory equipment and airway inoculation because of high counts of airborne bacteria. It is also possible that high bacterial air counts represent contamination of the air from patients with respiratory infections. Regardless of the pathway(s), surveillance of the ambient environment may prove to be a useful epidemiologic tool in the study and control of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in certain high-risk patient care areas. PMID- 7012063 TI - Gentamicin treatment associated with later nosocomial gentamicin-resistant Serratia marcescens infections. AB - During a hospital epidemic of infections with gentamicin-resistant Serratia marcescens (GRS), we studied the relation between receiving antibiotics and acquiring GRS. In a five-month period, 22 patients acquired GRS, whereas 18 patients acquired gentamicin-sensitive Serratia (GSS). When compared with patients with nosocomial GSS infection, patients with nosocomial GRS had been in the hospital (p = 0.04) and the intensive care unit (p = 0.003) longer before infection and more had received gentamicin (p = 0.001) or ampicillin (p = 0.02) before infection. To control for the influence of underlying disease, we matched all 12 ICU patients with GRS infection and 12 patients without GRS infection for underlying illness and duration of intensive care. Use of any antibiotic (p = 0.04), or a combination of gentamicin plus ampicillin or cephalosporin (p = 0.047) was more common among patients with GRS infection. The hospital had not significantly increased the use of aminoglycosides from the previous year. We conclude that for the individual patient antimicrobial therapy, especially with gentamicin or ampicillin, creates a risk for later infection by GRS that is independent of the severity of the underlying illness. PMID- 7012064 TI - The filtering operations--past, present, and future. PMID- 7012066 TI - The structure and functions of the mycoplasma membrane. PMID- 7012065 TI - Grid adhesion: a new type of tissue union. AB - Cyanoacrylate adhesives, applied as a continuous layer, bar the way for the ingrowth of vessels. A genuine tissue union is achieved when the adhesive is applied in the form of a grid. This is accomplished by painting the adhesive on the tissue by means of a roller made of Teflon or by means of a porous gauze, soaked in adhesive. The method was applied experimentally for skin transplantation, for the creation of portasystemic anastomoses, for reinforcement of fasciae and for closures of laparotomies without sutures as well as for hemostasis of lacerations of the spleen. Clinical experiences are reported. PMID- 7012067 TI - Regulation of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7012068 TI - [Introduction to the theme: Benefits and dangers of preventive measures]. PMID- 7012069 TI - [Prevention of bacterial infections]. PMID- 7012070 TI - [Benefits and dangers of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the prevention of metastases]. PMID- 7012071 TI - [Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases--metabolic aspects]. PMID- 7012072 TI - [Primary and secondary prevention in coronary disease and arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 7012073 TI - [Preventive measures in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7012074 TI - [Myasthenia syndrome in D-penicillamine therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 7012076 TI - [The physician as prognostician]. PMID- 7012075 TI - [Prognosis of internal diseases]. PMID- 7012078 TI - [Statistical instruments in medical prognosis]. PMID- 7012077 TI - [Historical models of prognosis in medicine]. PMID- 7012080 TI - [The significance of prognosis factors in oncology]. PMID- 7012079 TI - [Prognosis and prognostic parameters as the base of therapeutic decisions in intensive medicine]. PMID- 7012081 TI - [The prognosis of arterial hypertension and its modification by antihypertensive therapy]. PMID- 7012082 TI - [The physician's information responsibility in the case of unfavorable prognosis]. PMID- 7012085 TI - Morphology of transplanted corneal endothelium derived from tissue culture. AB - Rabbit corneal endothelial cells grown in vitro on glutaraldehyde-fixed gelatin membranes were examined by light and electron microscopy both before and after use as donor material in corneal endothelial transplants with autologous stroma and epithelium. The cultured cells had many of the morphologic characteristics of normal native endothelium, including polygonal cell shape stainable with silver nitrate, typical apical and lateral junctional complexes, terminal web, and cytoplasm dominated by profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. However, several distinct structural dissimilarities were also noted. These included intracellular accumulation of autophagocytic vacuoles and residual bodies, frequent pronounced swelling of intercellular spaces with retention of junctional complexes, excessive overlapping of cytoplasmic processes from two to four cells over long distances, and absence of normal cellular interdigitation. In contrast, the grafting of endothelial cell cultures into rabbit corneas resulted in clearing of residual bodies, appearance of normal intercellular spacing, elimination of abnormal cell overlapping, acquisition of complex basal and lateral cell interdigitation, and production of new, normal Descemet's membrane. The transplanted cells were morphologically indistinguishable from their native counterparts, except for the retention of the gelatin membrane, which showed no signs of degeneration. The reacquisition of normal cell morphology coincided with the re-establishment of normal endothelial cell function in the transplants. It was concluded that cultured endothelial cells possess the principal structural attributes of native endothelium but that their intercellular associations are incompletely developed. PMID- 7012083 TI - [Pneumococcal vaccine following splenectomy? The pathogenesis and prophylaxis of OPSI (overwhelming post-splenectomy infection)]. PMID- 7012084 TI - [OPSI--a case of sepsis with a serious course]. PMID- 7012087 TI - Chronic knee pain in a 35-year-old man. PMID- 7012086 TI - Phagocytic properties of human keratocyte cultures. AB - The uptake of polystyrene latex beads (approximately 0.75 micrometers) and glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes by human corneal stromal keratocytes maintained in culture has been studied. Combined phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopic observations on individual cells after exposure to either beads or erythrocytes demonstrated that the majority of these particles were present intracellularly. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the beads were membrane-bound within the cytoplasm of these cells. Thus the human keratocytes in culture are phagocytic and able to internalize particles ranging in size from approximately 0.75 to 6 micrometer. Kinetic studies showed continuous uptake of the polystyrene latex beads for at least 72 hr, with an approximate linear uptake rate between 4 and 48 hr. The extent of bead uptake was dependent on the initial bead concentration. The human keratocyte cultures were markedly more phagocytic than human skin fibroblasts or rabbit chondrocytes. It was also found that after extensive bead uptake the normal growth pattern of the keratocytes was affected. It is suggested that the phagocytic ability of the human keratocytes is involved in the turnover of the corneal stromal matrix as well as in the initial response of this avascular tissue to injury or bacterial infection. PMID- 7012088 TI - Arthrography using perfluorocarbon compounds. AB - The neat liquid and an emulsion of two perfluorocarbon compounds were injected into the knee joints of dogs and a human cadaver to investigate their applicability for arthrography. Excellent delineation of joint structures was observed for as long as 24 hours, but after 24 hours each contrast agent leaked out of the joint capsule into surrounding tissue. Light microscopy of joint tissue revealed a synovial proliferative reaction and a foreign-body granuloma reaction in surrounding tissues. No clinically apparent adverse side effects were evident in the test animals. PMID- 7012090 TI - Surgical reconstruction of the base of the acetabulum in migration of acetabular prostheses. AB - The writers consider the problem posed by loosening and migration of the acetabular component of prostheses of the hip. They describe a surgical technique for reconstructing the base of the acetabulum, which is an indispensable pre condition for the application of a new prosthesis. PMID- 7012089 TI - Uncertainty/information as measure of various urographic parameters: an information theory model of diagnosis of renal masses. AB - A new decision model for differentiating renal masses by urographic criteria has been developed and tested to demonstrate the use of uncertainty/information as a measure. The conditional probabilities used in this model are the relative frequency of occurrence of 15 specific uroradiographic signs in the presence of cyst, tumor, and benign cortical nodule. The decision model was applied to data obtained at the time of initial interpretation of 80 cases of renal mass discovered on urography. The probability of diagnosis was calculated by computer and compared to the radiologist's subjective probability estimate made prospectively at the time of initial interpretation. Information theory was applied to optimize the sequence in which signs were evaluated. The signs likely to maximally reduce the uncertainty of a diagnosis were evaluated first. The utility of this model and the comparative significance of various urographic signs used diagnose renal cysts, tumors, and benign cortical nodules were assessed. This model of renal mass evaluation at urography demonstrates principles of information theory that can be applied to more difficult and complex diagnostic and management problems. PMID- 7012091 TI - Surgical treatment of traumatic lesions of the middle and lower cervical spine (C3-C7). AB - The writers report on the treatment of traumatic lesions of the middle and lower cervical spine (sprains, fractures, fracture dislocations). The techniques and surgical routes most commonly used and reported in the literature are discussed. After a brief review of a comparable group of twenty-two patients followed up from two to ten years after operation, the authors present their views on the prognosis and some considerations arising out of their experience. PMID- 7012092 TI - Experimental suture of the peripheral nerves with "fibrin glue". AB - An experiment on rats is presented, concerned with a technique for suturing peripheral nerves by means of "human fibrin glue". The sutures were performed by three different methods: (1) the traditional technique; (2) using a special grooved Vitallium plate (presented by the authors in a previous paper) by means of which all sutures can be dispensed with, and which facilitates more rapid and complete regeneration of the nerve; (3) with "fibrin glue", used on its own or together with the special plate. On comparing the three methods it was found that fibrin glue achieves better approximation of the nerve ends and thus leads to more rapid and more complete regeneration of the peripheral nerve fibres. Combined use with the plate is preferred where there is a minimal loss of nerve substance. PMID- 7012094 TI - [Skin incision in axillary lymph node excision]. AB - The described T-shaped skin incision lines make a wide representation of the axillary groove possible, which is the supposition for a radical lymphonodectomy. There was no morbidity in the post-operative period. In addition to it the T shaped skin incision lines can be combined easily with the dissection incontinuity for treatment of malignant melanomas of the skin with high risk and favourable anatomic positions of the lesions. PMID- 7012093 TI - [American dermatologic publications and the New York Dermatologic Society]. PMID- 7012095 TI - The conceptual origins of William Farr's epidemiology: numerical methods and social thought in the 1830s. PMID- 7012096 TI - Yellow fever: from colonial Philadelphia and Baltimore to the mid-twentieth century. PMID- 7012097 TI - The French influence on the development of epidemiology. PMID- 7012098 TI - Epidemiology and the statistical movement. PMID- 7012099 TI - Attempts at the eradication of pellagra: a historical review. PMID- 7012100 TI - The germ theory of disease. PMID- 7012101 TI - The history of smallpox eradication. PMID- 7012103 TI - Fast neutron therapy for locally advanced head and neck tumors. PMID- 7012104 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma: results with fast neutron therapy. PMID- 7012105 TI - A story of continuing success-radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 7012102 TI - The role of radiation therapy in the management of non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Report of the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. PMID- 7012106 TI - A note on the detection of penicillin acylase activity in Escherichia coli by the reaction of ampicillin with Biuret reagent. PMID- 7012107 TI - The effect of cultural procedures on the attachment to chicken breast meat. PMID- 7012109 TI - A note on scanning electron microscopic assessment of stomacher action on chicken skin. PMID- 7012111 TI - A single blind crossover study of prazosin and methyldopa in hypertension. PMID- 7012110 TI - Comparison of the effects of liquid medium repair and the incorporation of catalase in MacConkey type media on the recovery of Enterobacteriaceae sublethally stressed by freezing. PMID- 7012108 TI - Standard test and a computer-generated diagnostic register for Gram negative fermentative rods. PMID- 7012112 TI - Reconstitution of maltose transport in malB mutants of Escherichia coli through calcium-induced disruptions of the outer membrane. AB - The barrier function of the Escherichia coli outer membrane against low concentrations of maltose in strains missing the lambda receptor was partially overcome by treating the cells for 3 h with 25 mM Ca2+. Kinetic analysis of maltose-transport revealed a Ca2+-induced shift of the apparent Km of the system from about 100 microM in cells pretreated with Tris to about 15 microM in cells pretreated with Tris plus Ca2+. In contrast to maltose transport in untreated cells, that of Ca2+-treated lamB cells was inhibited by molecules with a high molecular weight, such as amylopectin (molecular weight, 20,000), and anti maltose-binding protein antibodies. In addition, lysozyme was shown to attack Ca2+-treated cells in contrast to untreated cells. The Ca2+-induced permeability increase of the outer membrane allowed reconstitution of maltose transport in a mutant missing the maltose-binding protein with osmotic shock fluid containing the maltose-binding protein. Even though Ca2+-treatment allowed the entry of large molecules, the release of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein or alkaline phosphatase was negligible. PMID- 7012113 TI - Role of the supX gene in ultraviolet light-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium strains with supX mutations are more sensitive than wild type to killing by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Studies with strains bearing the leuD21 mutation revealed that inactivation of the supX locus by a nonsense mutation or a deletion results in a complete lack of ability to produce induced Leu+ reversion mutations after UV irradiation. Suppression of the nonsense supX mutation or the presence of an Escherichia coli K-12 F'-borne supX+ allele restored the capacity for induced reversions and increased cell survival after UV irradiation. Introduction of plasmid pKM101 into supX mutant strains also restored their capacity for UV mutagenesis as well as increased survival. The possible nature of the supX gene product and mechanisms by which it may affect expression of the inducible SOS error-prone repair system are considered. PMID- 7012114 TI - Properties of a mutant Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase deficient in coregulation by intermediary metabolites. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli is activated by three different mechanisms: contiguous by acetyl coenzyme A, precursor by fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, and compensatory feedback by cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP). Even though each activator can interact independently with the enzyme, synergistic effects are observed with some combinations, namely, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or CDP (coregulators), with acetyl coenzyme A. A mutant was isolated that has a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which is refractory to activation by fructose, 1,6-bisphosphate and CDP. The mutant enzyme was shown to be active primarily as the dimer and to lack cooperativity in substrate binding. The binding of acetyl coenzyme A and substrate, however, was essentially the same as that of the wild type enzyme. The mutant cells grew extremely slowly on glucose alone as the sole carbon source. The only defect in the mutant appeared to be the inability of this enzyme to be activated by the coregulators. These data are consistent with the thesis that coregulation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or CDP is an essential requirement for the activation in vivo of this enzyme. PMID- 7012115 TI - Gene organization around the phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase locus in Escherichia coli. AB - The organization of seven genes located at about 38 min on the genetic map of Escherichia coli was examined; these genes included pheS and pheT, which code for the alpha and beta subunits of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, and thrS, the structural gene for threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. Deletion mutants were isolated from an F-prime-containing merodiploid strain and were characterized genetically. Seventeen different kinds of deletions extending into pheS of pheT were identified. These deletions unambiguously defined the gene order as aroD pps himA pheT pheS thrS pfkB. Mutants with deletions covering either pheS or pheT, but not both, were analyzed further by assay of phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. The phenotype of the mutants with a deletion from pfkB through pheS was anomalous; although the pheT gene was apparently still present, its product, the beta subunit, was much reduced in activity. PMID- 7012117 TI - Postreplication repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Postreplication events in logarithmically growing excision-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined after low doses of ultraviolet light (2 to 4 J/m2). Pulse-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid had interruptions, and when the cells were "chased," the interruptions were no longer detected. Since the loss of interruptions was not associated with an exchange of pyrimidine dimers at a detection level of 10 to 20% of the induced dimers, we concluded that postreplication repair in excision-defective mutants (or leaky mutants) does not involve molecular recombination. Pyrimidine dimers were assayed by utilizing the ultraviolet-endonuclease activity in extracts of Micrococcus luteus and newly developed alkaline sucrose gradient techniques, which yielded chromosomal-size deoxyribonucleic acid after treatment of irradiated cells. PMID- 7012116 TI - Short deoxyribonucleic acid repair patch length in Escherichia coli is determined by the processive mechanism of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I. AB - The lengths of ultraviolet irradiation-induced repair resynthesis patches were measured in repair-competent extracts of Escherichia coli. Extracts containing wild-type deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase I introduced a patch 15 to 20 nucleotides in length during repair of ColE1 plasmid DNA; extracts containing the polA5 mutant form of DNA polymerase I introduced a patch only about 5 nucleotides in length in a similar reaction. The repair patch length in the presence of either DNA polymerase corresponded to the processivity of that polymerase (the average number of nucleotides added per enzyme-DNA binding event) as determined with purified enzymes and DNA treated with a nonspecific endonuclease. The base composition of the repair patch inserted by the wild-type DNA polymerase was similar to that of the bacterial genome, whereas the patch inserted by the mutant enzyme was skewed toward greater pyrimidine incorporation. This skewing is expected, considering the predominance of pyrimidine incorporation occurring at the ultraviolet lesion and the short patch made by the mutant enzyme. Since the defect in the polA5 DNA polymerase which causes premature dissociation from DNA is reflected exactly in the repair patch length, the processive mechanism of the polymerase must be a central determinant of patch length. PMID- 7012118 TI - Genetic characterization of the araE gene in Salmonella typhimurium lt2. AB - Six L-arabinose transport-deficient mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were isolated on the basis of their inability to ferment low concentrations of L arabinose. The mutations were localized between serA and lys on the S. typhimurium genetic map and assigned to the araE locus. An araE-lac fusion strain was constructed and used to determine that the direction of araE transcription was counterclockwise on the S. typhimurium genetic map. beta-Galactosidase activity was induced by L-arabinose in the araE-lac fusion strain, suggesting that araE expression is controlled at the level of transcription. PMID- 7012119 TI - Mechanism of lysis of Escherichia coli by ethanol and other chaotropic agents. AB - Ethanol has been shown to inhibit the assembly of cross-linked peptidoglycan and to induce cell lysis in Escherichia coli. These effects of ethanol appear to result from the weakening of hydrophobic interactions by ethanol rather than from the intercalation of ethanol into membranes. Other chaotropic agents also inhibited cross-linking and induced lysis. The potency of chaotropic anions with regard to this effect followed the expected chaotropic series. Antichaotropic agents, which strengthened hydrophobic interactions, antagonized ethanol-induced lysis. The weakening of hydrophobic interactions by ethanol is proposed as a general mechanism by which ethanol and other chaotropic agents could affect membrane-associated enzyme activities. PMID- 7012121 TI - Synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. AB - The biosynthesis, insertion, and in vivo stability of nitrate reductase were examined by following the amount of labeled enzyme present in both membranes and cytoplasm at varying times after a short pulse of radioactive sulfate. Nitrate reductase levels were measured by autoradiography of immunoprecipitated material after fractionation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. These experiments demonstrated that subunits A and B were synthesized in the cytoplasm and subsequently inserted into membranes. The insertion of these subunits was dependent upon the synthesis of another protein, and the rate of synthesis of this protein determined the rate of insertion of subunits A and B. The nitrate reductase produced by the chlA mutant was inserted into membranes in the normal fashion, whereas the nitrate reductase produced by the chlC and chlE mutants was poorly incorporated. The nitrate reductase in the wild type was completely stable in vivo under inducing or noninducing conditions, whereas in the chlC and chlE mutants nitrate reductase was degraded extensively in both the cytoplasm and membranes, even under inducing conditions. Under similar conditions, nitrate reductase was stable in the chlA mutant. PMID- 7012120 TI - Multiple forms of lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in Escherichia coli. AB - Lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (EC 6.1.1.6) was identified as four polypeptide spots after two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell lysates of Escherichia coli. Identification was made by migration with partially purified enzyme preparations, by peptide map patterns, by mutant analysis, and by correlation of spot intensities with changes in enzyme levels under different growth conditions. Wild-type cells growing at 37 degrees C in glucose minimal medium displayed the enzyme predominantly as two spots (spots I and III). Growth at 46 degrees C, growth in the presence of alanine or glycyl-L leucine, or growth of a strain with a mutational deficiency in S adenosylmethionine synthetase (metK) greatly increased the synthesis of two other spots (spots II and IV). Polypeptides I and III, but not polypeptides II and IV, had altered isoelectric points in a lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase mutant. These data suggest that multiple forms of lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase exist in vivo and that they may be encoded by more than one gene. PMID- 7012123 TI - Mitomycin C-induced synthesis of cloacin DF13 and lethality in cloacinogenic Escherichia coli cells. AB - Treatment of cloacinogenic cultures with increasing concentrations of mitomycin C induced an increasing synthesis of cloacin DF13 accompanied by a decreasing number of colony-forming cells. Cells grown in the presence of glucose required a 10-fold-higher concentration of mitomycin C for optimal induction of cloacin production than did cells grown with lactate. Release of the cloacin was hampered in glucose-grown cells. Experiments with various CloDF13 insertion and deletion mutants revealed that the transcription of CloDF13 deoxyribonucleic acid sequences adjacent to the cloacin structural gene was essential for mitomycin C induced lethality. PMID- 7012122 TI - Cloning and expression in streptomyces lividans of antibiotic resistance genes derived from Escherichia coli. AB - Hybrid plasmids that replicate in both Escherichia coli and Streptomyces lividans were constructed in vitro by joining the E. coli-derived plasmid pACYC184 or pACYC177, at their BamHI or PstI restriction site, respectively, to S. lividans plasmid pSLP111. After introduction of the composite replicons into S. lividans by transformation, chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance encoded by pACYC184 and kanamycin resistance encoded by pACYC177 were phenotypically expressed in the S. lividans host. A Sau3A restriction endonuclease-generated deoxyribonucleic acid fragment from pACYC184 containing the entire structural gene for the Cm acetyltransferase enzyme, but lacking the nucleotide sequence ordinarily serving as the Cm resistance gene promoter, also specified resistance to Cm when introduced in either orientation into the BamHI or BclI endonuclease cleavage site of pSLP111 or into corresponding sites of the analogous plasmid pSLP101. These findings make it unlikely that the biologically active CM acetyltransferase was being made in S. lividans as part of a fused protein, but instead indicate that the ATG start codon used for initiation of translation of the Cm resistance gene in E. coli was also utilized in S. lividans. In contrast, the synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid that encodes the Cm acetyltransferase in S. lividans was, in at least one instance, apparently initiated at nucleotide sequences within the S. lividans plasmid vector, with resulting transcriptional read through into the E. coli-derived deoxyribonucleic acid segment. PMID- 7012124 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid initiation mutation dnaB252 is suppressed by elevated dnaC+ gene dosage. AB - The Escherichia coli dnaB252 allele is the only dnaB mutation which confers a deoxyribonucleic acid initiation-defective phenotype on the cell. The presence of a multicopy hybrid plasmid containing the dnaC+ gene in a dnaB252 strain completely suppressed the temperature-sensitive phenotype. It is suggested that at high temperature the dnaB252 protein has a lowered affinity for dnaC protein, and that the formation of a dnaB-dnaC complex is mandatory for initiation. PMID- 7012126 TI - Structural and functional properties of colicin M. AB - Colicin M of Escherichia coli Cl139 was isolated in pure form. It consisted of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 27,000 +/- 2,000. Colicin M lysed sensitive cells of E. coli but had to act continuously up to the point when lysis commenced (after 20 min). Colicin M was largely resistant to hydrolysis by trypsin except when adsorbed to cells. Within 4 to 5 min after addition of colicin M, cells could be rescued by trypsin or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Later, colicin M was apparently inaccessible to these inactivating agents. Killing of cells by colicin M required Ca2+ ions. Cells could be rescued with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) immediately before the onset of lysis. Under these conditions, colicin M remained bound to the cells, and it became again sensitive to trypsin. We conclude that under the influence of EGTA colicin M is removed from its site of action and becomes again accessible to trypsin at the cell surface. PMID- 7012125 TI - Blue ghosts: a new method for isolating amber mutants defective in essential genes of Escherichia coli. AB - We describe a technique which permits an easy screening for amber mutants defective in essential genes of Escherichia coli. Using this approach, we have isolated three amber mutants defective in the rho gene. An extension of the technique allows the detection of ochre mutants and transposon insertions in essential genes. PMID- 7012127 TI - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on entry of exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid into Ca2+-treated Escherichia coli cells. AB - The effect of various metabolic inhibitors (carbonylcyanid-m chlorophenylhydrazone, nigericin, valinomycin, dicyclocarbodiimide, arsenate, NaF, etc.) and lipid-soluble synthetic ions (tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and tetraphenylboron sodium) on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) entry during transformation of Ca2+-treated Escherichia coli cells with plasmid DNA and on cell viability was investigated. In contrast to intact cells, Ca2+-treated E. coli cells were permeable to nigericin, valinomycin, and the other drugs tested. The inhibitors differentially affected [14C]proline active transport, and whereas some drugs inhibited transformation, the effects did not correlate with the effects on transport. The most potent inhibitors of transformation were nigericin, dicyclocarbodiimide, and tetraphenylboron sodium. Carbonylcyanid-m chlorophenylhydrazone, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, and valinomycin were relatively inactive. Tetraphenylboron sodium- and nigericin-treated cells bound were plasmid [14C]DNA in the deoxyribonuclease-resistant form than the control and other sample cells. Nevertheless, te penetration of exogenous plasmid DNA into the cell was greatly reduced, at least in case of nigericin. Unlike the other drugs, nigericin and dicyclocarbodiimide drastically affected the cell viability, the former within very short times of interaction. It is concluded that proton motive force does not play any significant role in DNA entry into Ca2+-treated E. coli cells. The results also suggest that adenosine 5' triphosphate is not required for DNA entry either. The inhibitory effect of certain drugs is discussed in terms of structural perturbations induced by the drugs in cell envelope membranes. PMID- 7012129 TI - Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli cells with repressed and derepressed biosynthesis of the enzyme. AB - Isolation of multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli cells with repressed and derepressed biosynthesis of the enzyme is reported. Three enzyme forms were isolated from cells with derepressed synthesis, and one form was isolated from cells with repressed enzyme synthesis. The multiple enzyme forms did not differ in pH optimum, thermostability, or the degree of inhibition with orthophosphate; however, they did differ in the relative rate of hydrolysis of different substrates. The addition of substrates to the cells during enzyme derepression resulted in changes of the ratio of the multiple forms. PMID- 7012128 TI - R-factor cointegrate formation in Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage type 201 strains. AB - The genetic and molecular properties of the plasmids in Salmonella typhimurium phase type 201 isolated are described. Such strains are resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, kanamycin, and several other antimicrobial drugs, and are highly pathogenic for calves. These strains have been encountered with increasing frequency since 1972 in West Germany and The Netherlands. We show that isolates of this phage type constitute a very homogeneous group with regard to their extrachromosomal elements. These bacteria carry three small plasmids: pRQ3, a 4.2-megadalton (Md) colicinogenic plasmid; pRQ4, 3.4-Md plasmid that interferes with the propagation of phages; and pRQ5, a 3.2-Md cryptic plasmid. Tetracycline resistance resides on a conjugative 120-MD plasmid pRQ1, belonging to the incompatibility class H2. Other antibiotic resistance determinants are encoded by a nonconjugative 108-Md plasmid pRQ2. Transfer of multiple-antibiotic resistance to appropriate recipient strains was associated with the appearance of a 230-Md plasmid, pRQ6. It appears that pRQ6 is a stable cointegrate of pRQ1 and pRQ2. This cointegrate plasmid was transferable with the same efficiency as pRQ1. Other conjugative plasmids could mobilize pRQ2, but stable cointegrates were not detected in the transconjugants. Phase type 201 strains carry a prophage, and we show that phage pattern 201 reflects the interference with propagation of typing phages effected by this prophage and plasmid pRQ4 in strains of phage type 201. PMID- 7012130 TI - Relative stability of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - The relative stability of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli was investigated to determine whether these proteins are degraded at heterogeneous rates and, if so, whether the degradative rates are correlated with the sizes or charges of the proteins. Cells growing in a glucose-limited chemostat with a generation time of 15 h were labeled with [(14)C]leucine. After allowing 24 h for turnover of (14)C labeled proteins, the cells were labeled for 15 min with [(3)H]leucine. By this protocol, the rapidly degraded proteins have a high ratio of (3)H to (14)C, whereas the stable proteins have a lower ratio. The total cell envelope fraction was collected by differential centrifugation, and the proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative ratio for each protein was determined by dividing its (3)H/(14)C ratio by the (3)H/(14)C ratio of the total membrane fraction. Although most of the 125 membrane proteins had relative ratios close to the average for the total membrane fraction, 19 varied significantly from this value. These differences were also observed when the order of addition of [(14)C]leucine and [(3)H]leucine was reversed. In control cultures labeled simultaneously with both isotopes, the relative ratios of these 19 proteins were similar to that of the total membrane fraction. Thirteen of these proteins had low relative ratios, which suggested that they were more stable than the average protein. An experiment in which the normal labeling procedure was followed by a 60-min chase period in the presence of excess unlabeled leucine suggested that the low relative ratios of 3 of these 13 proteins may be due to a slow post-translational modification step. Six membrane proteins had high relative ratios, which indicated that they were degraded rapidly. In contrast to the relationships found for soluble proteins in mammalian cells, there were no strong correlations between the degradative rates and either the isoelectric points or the molecular weights of membrane proteins in E. coli. PMID- 7012131 TI - Mutations to tolerance and resistance to pesticin and colicins in Escherichia coli phi. AB - The universal colicin-indicator strain Escherichia coli phi, unlike E. coli strain K-12, is sensitive to pesticin, a bacteriocin produced by wild-type Yersinia pestis. Eleven distinct phenotypes of E. coli phi mutants were obtained by selection for insensitivity to pesticin, group B colicins, the group A colicin S4, or coliphage T5. Representative isolates from eight of these classes closely resembled resistant receptor mutants (Cir-, Fep-, and TonA-) or tolerant mutants (TonB-, ExbB-, ExbC-, Ivt-, and Cmt-) described in Escherichia coli K-12. The remainder were unique; of these, one resembled TonB- but was also tolerant to colicin S4 (TonB/S4-), and the others exhibited specific resistance to either colicin S4 (Sfr-) or to pesticin (Psr-). All receptor mutants except Psr- remained sensitive to pesticin, whereas TonB/S4, TonB-, ExbB-, and ExbC- isolates were highly tolerant to this bacteriocin. PMID- 7012132 TI - Interactions of cations with membrane fractions of smooth and rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium and other Gram-negative bacteria. AB - Addition of cations (20 to 50 mM for Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) or 100 to 500 mM for Na(+)) to N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer during preparation of membranes from smooth and rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, Salmonella minnesota, and Escherichia coli O8 had two effects on the composition of the membranes isolated. First, in rough strains of chemotypes Ra to Re the "total membranes" (pellets from high-speed centrifugation) were deficient in the proteins of the outer membrane. The missing proteins were found to have been sedimented in a prior low-speed centrifugation in a fraction we call "cation aggregated membranes." Since these membranes were enriched for lipopolysaccharide and for outer membrane proteins, deficient in succinic dehydrogenase, and contained primarily the dense peak after sucrose gradient centrifugation, it appears to be relatively pure outer membrane. About 10% of the membrane protein of smooth strains and up to 50% that of rough strains were cation-aggregated membranes, appearing to contain most of the outer membrane of rough strains. Thus, cation aggregation may be a useful means of preparation of outer membrane samples. The second effect was that with cation addition, several high-molecular weight proteins not seen when membranes were prepared without cation addition were found in the total membranes of both smooth and rough strains after high speed centrifugation. These proteins were bound by cations to the inner membranes, since they were soluble in Triton X-100 and separated into the less dense peak upon sucrose gradient centrifugation. They originated from the cytoplasm or the periplasm, since they corresponded to soluble proteins found in the supernatant after high-speed centrifugation and were depleted from this supernatant when preparation was done in the presence of cations. PMID- 7012133 TI - Transformation in Escherichia coli: stages in the process. AB - Transformation experiments with Escherichia coli recipient cells and linear chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are reported. E. coli can be rendered competent for DNA uptake by a temperature shock (0 degrees C leads to 42 degrees C leads to 0 degrees C) of the recipient cells in the presence of a high concentration of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. Uptake of DNA into a deoxyribonuclease resistant form, for which the presence of Ca2+ is essential, was possible during the temperature shock but appeared to occur most readily after the heat shock during incubation at 0 degrees C. When DNA was added to cells that had been heat shocked in the presence of divalent cations only, DNA uptake also occurred. This suggests that competence induction and uptake may be regarded as separate stages. Under conditions used to induce competence, we observed an extensive release of periplasmic enzymes, probably reflecting membrane damage induced during development of competence. After the conversion of donor DNA into a deoxyribonuclease-resistant form, transformants could be selected. It appeared that incubation, before plating, of the transformation mixture in a medium containing high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and supplemented with all growth requirements increased the transformation frequency. This incubation probably causes recovery of physiologically labile cells. PMID- 7012134 TI - Toxicity of leucine-containing peptides in Escherichia coli caused by circumvention of leucine transport regulation. AB - A variety of leucine-containing peptides (LCP), Phe-Leu, Gly-Leu, Pro-Leu, Ala Leu, Ala-Leu-Lys, Leu-Phe-Ala, Leu-Leu-Leu, and Leu-Gly-Gly, inhibited the growth of a prototrophic strain of Escherichia coli K-12 at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.28 mM. Toxicity requires normal uptake of peptides. When peptide transport was impaired by mutations, strains became resistant to the respective LCP. Inhibition of growth occurred immediately after the addition of LCP, and was relieved when 0.4 mM isoleucine was added. The presence of Gly-Leu in the medium correlated with the inhibition of growth, and the bacteria began to grow at the normal rate 70 min after Gly-Leu became undetectable. Disappearance of the peptide corresponded with the appearance of free leucine and glycine in the medium. The concentration of leucine inside the LCP-treated bacteria was higher than that in the leucine-treated and the control cultures. We suggest that entry of LCP into the cells via peptide transport systems circumvents the regulation of leucine transport, thereby causing abnormality high concentrations of leucine inside the cells. This accumulation of leucine interferes with the biosynthesis of isoleucine and inhibits the growth of the bacteria. PMID- 7012135 TI - a/alpha-specific effect on the mms3 mutation on ultraviolet mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A new gene involved in error-prone repair of ultraviolet (UV) damage has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the mms3-1 mutation. UV-induced reversion is reduced in diploids that are homozygous for mms3-1, only if they are also heterozygous (MATa/MAT alpha) at the mating type locus. The mms3-1 mutation has no effect on UV-induced reversion either in haploids or MATa/MATa or MAT alpha/MAT alpha diploids. The mutation confers sensitivity to UV and methyl methane sulfonate in both haploids and diploids. Even though mutation induction by UV is restored to wild-type levels in MATa/MATa mms3-1/mms3-1 or MAT alpha/MAT alpha mms3-1/mms3-1 diploids, such strains still retain sensitivity to the lethal effects of UV. Survival after UV irradiation in mms3-1 rad double mutant combinations indicates that mms3-1 is epistatic to rad6-1 whereas non-epistatic interactions are observed with rad3 and rad52 mutants. When present in the homozygous state in MATa/MAT alpha his1-1/his1-315 heteroallelic diploids, mms3-1 was found to lower UV-induced mitotic recombination. PMID- 7012136 TI - Molecular mechanisms of pyrimidine dimer excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: incision of ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo. AB - A group of genetically related ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined in terms of their survival after exposure to UV radiation, their ability to carry out excision repair of pyrimidine dimers as measured by the loss of sites (pyrimidine dimers) sensitive to a dimer-specific enzyme probe, and in terms of their ability to effect incision of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) during post-UV incubation in vivo (as measured by the detection of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA). In addition to a haploid RAD(+) strain (S288C), 11 different mutants representing six RAD loci (RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4, RAD14, and RAD18) were examined. Quantitative analysis of excision repair capacity, as determined by the loss of sites in DNA sensitive to an enzyme preparation from M. luteus which is specific for pyrimidine dimers, revealed a profound defect in this parameter in all but three of the strains examined. The rad14-1 mutant showed reduced but significant residual capacity to remove enzyme-sensitive sites as did the rad2-4 mutant. The latter was the only one of three different rad2 alleles examined which was leaky in this respect. The UV-sensitive strain carrying the mutant allele rad18-1 exhibited normal loss of enzyme-sensitive sites consistent with its assignment to the RAD6 rather than the RAD3 epistatic group. All strains having mutant alleles of the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4, and RAD14 loci showed no detectable incubation dependent strand breaks in nuclear DNA after exposure to UV radiation. These experiments suggest that the RAD1, RAD2, RAD3, RAD4 (and probably RAD14) genes are all required for the incision of UV-irradiated DNA during pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo. PMID- 7012137 TI - Formation and excretion of acetylmaltose after accumulation of maltose in Escherichia coli. AB - malB(+)malQ strains accumulate maltose via the maltose-binding-protein-dependent transport system but are unable to metabolize it. Nevertheless, some of the maltose is modified after entering the cell. This newly formed compound exhibited a higher R(f) value than did maltose upon thin-layer and paper chromatography with the usual sugar-separating solvents. Treatment of this compound with acid and alkali reformed maltose. The identity of this compound with acetylmaltose was derived from mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the compound confirmed the presence of the acetyl group but did not allow its precise location on the maltose moiety. However, linkage to the 1-position of maltose could be excluded. Analysis of the mass spectra indicated that the nonreducing end of maltose was acetylated. Other substrates of the maltose transport system, such as maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose, were also modified after accumulation into the cell. Several products were formed; the heterogeneity of these products was probably caused by different degrees of acetylation. The enzymatic activity responsible for maltose and maltodextrin acetylation is unknown. However, it is clear that the lacA-dependent thiogalactoside transacetylase was not necessary for the acetylation of maltose. Strains that accumulate maltose via a bypass of the normal malB-dependent transport system also acetylated maltose even in the absence of any malB gene products. Thus, the acetylating activity was not connected to the malB system. Acetylmaltose as well as acetylated maltodextrins was excreted into the medium. Acetylmaltose is not a substrate of the maltose transport system. Thus, maltose acetylation may be an effective detoxification mechanism. PMID- 7012138 TI - Metabolism of myo-inositol during sporulation of myo-inositol-requiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We investigated the sporulation properties of a series of diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains homozygous for inositol auxotrophic markers. The strains required different amounts of inositol for the completion of sporulation. Shift experiments revealed two phases of inositol requirement during sporulation which coincided with the two phases of lipid synthesis found by earlier workers. Phase I was at the beginning and during premeiotic deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis; phase II immediately preceded the appearance of mature asci. Of the inositol taken up by sporulating cells, 90% was incorporated into inositol phospholipids. By two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, eight compounds were resolved, one of which was sporulation specific. The majority of the inositol phospholipids were, however, identical to those found in vegetatively growing cells. In the absence of inositol, the cells did not sporulate but, after a certain time, were unable to return to vegetative growth. These nonsporulating cells did, however, incorporate acetate into lipids and double their deoxyribonucleic acid content in the premeiotic phase. We believe that it is this lack of coordination of biosynthetic events which causes inositol-less death on sporulation media without inositol. PMID- 7012139 TI - Light-induced division and genomic synchrony in phototrophically growing cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - An experimental procedure for rapidly obtaining cell populations of phototrophically growing Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides which display division and genomic synchrony has been developed. The basis of the procedure resides with the normal physiological response displayed by cells of R. sphaeroides that have been subjected to an immediate decrease in incident light intensity. After an abrupt high- to low-light transition of an asynchronously dividing cell population, an immediate cessation of increases in culture turbidity, total cell number, and net accumulations of culture deoxyribonucleic acid and phospholipid occurs. Total cell number remains constant for 2.5 h after the transition to low light, after which time, it undergoes a sharp increase. Reinitiation of high-light conditions of growth 1 h subsequent to this increase in total cell number results in a cell population possessing a high degree of division and genomic synchrony. A characterization of this procedure, together with a demonstration of its utility for studies on intracytoplasmic membrane assembly, is presented. PMID- 7012140 TI - Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in a cell-free system derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AB - Physiological concentrations of insulin stimulate the incorporation of 32P into ribosomal protein S6 in intact 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Smith, C. J., Wejksnora, P. J., Warner, J. B., Rubin, C. S., and Rosen, O. M. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76, 2725-2729). Extracts from cells treated with insulin also exhibit an increased ability to incorporate 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into protein S6 in vitro (Smith, C. J., Rubin, C. S., and Rosen, O. M. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 2641-2645). We now report that the direct addition of insulin to particulate preparations containing high affinity insulin receptors and ribosomes derived from insulin-sensitive cells (not previously exposed to insulin) stimulates incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into ribosomal protein S6 1.5 to 3.0-fold. The stimulation occurs at the same concentrations of insulin (0.1 1.0 nM) and within the same period of time as it does in intact cells. PMID- 7012141 TI - An insulin effect on cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. AB - It has recently been reported (Horwitz, K. B., Zava, D. T., Thilagar, A. K., Jensen, E. M., and McGuire, W. L. (1978) Cancer Res. 38, 2434-2437) than the human breast cancer-derived cell line MCF-7 from EG&G Mason Research Institute contains no 8 S and very little 4 S cytoplasmic estrogen receptor. Even so, we have found significant levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells from this source. The receptor was found at a maximum level of 132 fmol/mg of cytoplasmic protein, and had an apparent dissociation constant at 30 degrees C of 7.3 X 10(-10) M and at 4 degrees C of 1.2 X 10(-10) M. In sucrose gradients without KCl, the receptor migrated at 6-7 S, and with 0.4 M KCl, at 3-4 S. The receptor was specific for estrogen, in that a 100-fold excess of diethylstilbestrol eliminated binding of radiolabeled estrogen, whereas hydrocortisone, aldosterone, progesterone, and testosterone had no effect. It was further demonstrated that at least part of the reason for the discrepancy between our data and those of Horwitz et al. is that the high insulin level (10 microgram/ml) used by Horwitz et al. dramatically lowers the assayable level of receptor. These results may have important implications for steroid receptor assays in other cell lines in tissue culture and in human breast cancer patients as well. PMID- 7012142 TI - Transport of long and medium chain fatty acids by Escherichia coli K12. AB - Kinetic, metabolic, and physical parameters of long and medium chain fatty acid transport by Escherichia coli K12 were determined. Uptake of long chain fatty acids (C11-C18:1) mediated by the fadL gene involves concentrative transport. Evidence for this is as follows: (i) characteristic Ki and Vmax values were obtained for long chain fatty acids, (ii) long chain fatty acid transport was inhibited by energy inhibitors, (iii) long chain fatty acids were concentrated 10 fold inside the cell against a concentration gradient, (iv) efflux of transported long chain fatty acids did not occur, and (v) an energy of activation of 11.72 kcal mol-1 and Q10 of 2.3 were obtained for long chain fatty acid transport. The fadL gene product shows some activity with medium chain fatty acids (C7-C10) as well. Medium chain fatty acids also appear to enter the cell by simple diffusion since: (i) medium chain fatty acid transport by fadL strains is not saturable under our assay conditions, (ii) fadL strains do not concentrate medium chain fatty acids against a concentration gradient, and (iii) medium chain fatty acids are available for efflux in fadL strains. Physical parameters of long and medium chain fatty acid transport are also reported. These results present evidence for separate mechanisms of long and medium chain fatty acid transport in E. coli. PMID- 7012143 TI - Inactivation of yeast alpha-isopropylmalate synthase by CoA. Antagonism between CoA and adenylates and the mechanism of CoA inactivation. AB - Yeast alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (EC 4.1.3.12) is inactivated by micromolar concentrations of CoA in the presence of Zn2+. We report here that rapid reactivation of inactivated enzyme (full recovery in less than 10 min) occurred in the presence of millimolar concentrations of ATP or ADP, using permeabilized cells. With purified, CoA-inactivated enzyme, ATP had only a weak reactivating effect which increased drastically, however, when a chelator was added at a concentration (0.1 mM) which by itself had little effect. Higher concentrations of chelator (1 mM) caused rapid reactivation even in the absence of ATP. Reactivation was also possible by removing CoA from equilibrium with oxidized glutathione, with acetyl phosphate in the presence of phosphotransacetylase, or by dialysis; however, these processes were very slow. Protection against CoA inactivation of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase was provided by high concentrations of ATP and, to a much lesser extent, ADP, by a high adenylate energy charge, by chelators, and by 3'-dephospho-CoA. Enzyme which had been inactivated with [3H]CoA did not retain any radioactivity (above control) when extracted with phenol. This result, together with other observations, is interpreted to mean that inactivation does not involve covalent modification, but is more likely the result of the formation of an enzyme.CoA.zinc complex held together by noncovalent forces. The physiological significance of the CoA effect is discussed. PMID- 7012145 TI - Regulation of insulin receptor metabolism. Differentiation-induced alteration of receptor synthesis and degradation. PMID- 7012144 TI - The structure of the multienzyme complex of fatty acid oxidation from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7012146 TI - Evidence for histidyl residues at the Zn2+ binding sites of monomeric and dimeric forms of alkaline phosphatase. AB - Chemical modification of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase using the group specific reagent, ethoxyformic anhydride, has demonstrated that 3 histidyl residues/subunit are modified with a concomitant loss of enzyme activity. Reaction with [14C]ethoxyformic anhydride indicates that only three ethoxyformyl groups are incorporated per subunit, confirming that no other amino acid residues are modified under these conditions. Zinc ions protect alkaline phosphatase from inactivation as well as from histidine modification, thus implicating all 3 histidyl residues in Zn2+ binding. The ethoxyformylation reaction was also used to characterize Zn2+ binding sites in immobilized dimeric and monomeric alkaline phosphatase derivatives. The immobilized dimeric alkaline phosphatase was inactivated with ethoxyformic anhydride at a rate similar to that of the soluble enzyme, demonstrating that immobilization did not significantly alter the chemical environment of the Zn2+ binding site. The catalytically inactive, immobilized monomer of alkaline phosphatase was modified more rapidly with ethoxyformic anhydride, demonstrated by the loss of its ability to form functionally active enzyme upon titration with nascent soluble subunits. Moreover, Zn2+ protects the immobilized subunit alkaline phosphatase against this modification, indicating that the isolated subunits of alkaline phosphatase bind Zn2+. These results are consistent with a model for renaturation of the dimeric enzyme in which individual subunits refold and bind Zn2+ before which individual subunits refold and bind Zn2+ before establishing subunit interactions to regain catalytic activity. PMID- 7012147 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication. Nucleoside monophosphate generation during polymerization. AB - During catalysis by homogeneous procaryotic DNA polymerases, nucleoside monophosphates are generated by a 3' leads to 5'-exonucleolytic activity. Using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and poly[d(A-T)] as a template, the contribution of this activity to the fidelity of DNA synthesis has been evaluated by three different criteria. 1) The ratio between the rates of monophosphate generation and incorporation of the noncomplementary nucleotide with Mg2+ as an activating cation was 0.6 +/- 0.6, which is insufficient to account for the high fidelity of polymerization. 2) Inhibition of polymerization by pyrophosphate fails to diminish fidelity, although some kinetic models suggest that optimal error correction via monophosphate release requires the polymerization reaction to be strongly driven by pyrophosphate release. 3) The addition of deoxynucleoside monophosphates in concentrations as great as 10 mM to the reaction mixture does not alter the fidelity of DNA synthesis. These observations argue against the kinetic proofreading mode to account for the fidelity of E. coli DNA polymerase I when copying poly[d(A-T)] in a Mg2+-activated reaction. Furthermore, they suggest that the polymerase may enhance specificity at the base selection step. However, the 3' leads to 5' exonuclease plays a larger role when the polymerase is activated with Mn2+ and may also be important in copying natural DNA where lower error rates are observed in vitro. PMID- 7012148 TI - [(125I]IodotyrosylB1]insulin. Semisynthesis, receptor binding, and cell-mediated degradation of a B chain-labeled insulin. PMID- 7012149 TI - Structural proteins of sarcophagid larval exoskeleton. Composition and distribution of radioactivity derived from [7-14C]dopamine. AB - In the cyclorrhaphid flies, exoskeletal proteins from the last larval instar cross-link by arylation and glycosylation to form the sclerotized puparial case. Cuticular proteins from maggots killed just prior to tanning were resolved into 21 soluble components by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Isoelectric points ranged from pH 4.5 to 6.0, molecular weights were distributed between Mr = 16,000 and 24,000. Aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine, serine, valine, and lysine were abundant in all the proteins while sulfur-containing residues were uniformly absent. Heterogeneity was manifest among NH2 termini of the soluble fractions, while the insoluble chitin-linked protein showed only aspartic acid in this position. The sclerotized matrix was assembled by a concerted bridging of protomers without accumulation of di-, tri-, or higher n-mers in the urea-soluble fraction. This mechanism was also favored by uniform distribution of the bridge precursor, [7-14C]dopamine, among the individual larval protomers including the polypeptide bound to chitin. Following administration of isotopic catecholamine 2 to 10 h prior to sclerotization, unbridged larval cuticle retained 3% of the radioactivity, puparial and adult in integument 7% and 18%, respectively. Proteolytic digestion afforded labeled peptides with molecular weights in register with the degree of cross-linking. Nonradioactive larval proteins did not incorporate labeled dopamine and exchange incubation of labeled proteins with nonisotopic precursor failed to diminish recoveries of 14C. Since protein synthesis was low as assessed by minimal incorporation of [3H]leucine, metabolites derived from dopamine may have been added after translation in the course of presclerotal activation of the polypeptides destined for cross-linking. PMID- 7012150 TI - Isolation and characterization of a mannan-binding protein from rat liver. AB - A binding protein from liver which binds reversibly to yeast mannan depending on the presence or absence of calcium has been purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The binding of the isolated protein to 125I-mannan is proportional to protein concentration and is apparently an unsaturable process. The Scatchard plot of the binding is a curvilinear, indicating the presence of a high affinity binding site with a dissociation constant of 1.62 X 10(-8) M. Evidence is presented to show that the protein recognizes and binds mannose and N acetylglucosamine residues almost indiscriminately at the same binding site. Physical and chemical studies suggest the intact binding protein with an approximate molecular weight of 194,000 to be composed of six identical subunits. The protein is characterized as a glycine-rich protein. The apparent ubiquitous distribution of mannan-binding protein in mammalian liver is consistent with the proposal that the binding protein is the cellular receptor mediating the hepatic uptake of glycoproteins terminated with mannose and/or N-acetylglucosamine residues. PMID- 7012151 TI - The in vitro biosynthesis of taxiphyllin and the channeling of intermediates in Triglochin maritima. AB - The in vitro biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside taxiphyllin has recently been demonstrated in Triglochin maritima (Hosel, W., and Nahrstedt, A. (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 203, 753-757). We have now studied in more detail the multistep conversion of tyrosine into p-hydroxymandelonitrile, the immediate precursor of taxiphyllin, catalyzed by microsomes isolated from dark-grown seedlings. The biosynthetic pathway involves N-hydroxytyrosine, p hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime, and p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. In marked contrast to an analogous pathway in Sorghum bicolor, p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile is the best substrate for cyanide production (Vmax = 224 nmol/h/g, fresh wt) and the physiological substrate tyrosine is the poorest (Vmax = 18.8 nmol/h/g, fresh wt). The substrates exhibit alkaline pH optima between 7.5 and 9, and all except tyrosine show pronounced substrate inhibition. We have found that p hydroxyphenylacetonitrile generated in situ from tyrosine is free to equilibrate by diffusion with exogenous material. On the other hand, neither N hydroxytyrosine nor p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime will readily exchange with exogenous intermediates. We consider both N-hydroxytyrosine and p hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime to be channeled in T. maritima, whereas in S. bicolor N hydroxytyrosine and p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile are channeled and the aldoxime is freely exchangeable. PMID- 7012152 TI - The amino acid sequence of the D-galactose-binding protein from Escherichia coli B/r. AB - The complete primary structure of the Escherichia coli B/r galactose-binding protein was determined by the automated sequencing of fragments produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide, o-iodosobenzoic acid, limited trypsin digestion, mild acid hydrolysis, and Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 protease. The protein, which has 309 amino acids, is notable in the extent to which it differs from the L-arabinose-binding protein. Comparison of these two proteins indicates only about 18% homology despite the close structural resemblence of the molecules which they bind. The galactose-binding protein is the chemoreceptor initiating chemotaxis toward galactose, and it thus becomes the first protein component required for chemotaxis for which the primary structure is known. GM 24602 PMID- 7012154 TI - Mechanism of estrogen biosynthesis. Stereochemistry of C-1 hydrogen elimination in the aromatization of 2 beta-hydroxy-19-oxoandrostenedione. AB - 19-Hydroxy[1 alpha-3H]androstenedione was synthesized and its specific activity was accurately determined. Upon aromatization of the above material by placental microsomal aromatase preparation, a process involving 1 beta hydrogen elimination, only 7.4% of the isotope was lost establishing the alpha orientation of the 3H at C-1 in the substrate. The 19-hydroxy[1 alpha]3H]androstenedione was used as the starting material in the synthesis of 2 beta-hydroxy-19-oxo[1 alpha 3H]androstenedione which therefore had the same specific activity and isotope orientation as its precursor. The nonenzymatic collapse of 2 beta-hydroxy-19 oxo[1 alpha-3H]androstenedione in pH 7.1 buffer to estrone was associated with the elimination of only 2.6% of the isotope indicating that this process proceeds also with stereospecific 1 beta hydrogen elimination. The stereochemistry of hydrogen loss in the nonenzymatic aromatization of the 2 beta-hydroxy-19-oxo derivative is therefore beta and identical with that of estrogen biosynthesis. This provides further evidence in support of the hypothesis that the final enzymatic hydroxylation of the aromatization sequence takes place at position 2 beta of the androgen substrate and that its product, the 2 beta-hydroxy-19 aldehyde, is the proximate precursor of estrogen with the final conversion occurring nonenzymatically. PMID- 7012153 TI - Incorporation of photosensitive fatty acids into phospholipids of Escherichia coli and irradiation-dependent cross-linking of phospholipids to membrane proteins. AB - In an approach to the study of phospholipid-protein interactions in biological membranes, the photoactivable fatty acids, omega-(m-azidophenoxy)-undecanoic acid (I) and omega-(m-diazirinophenoxy)-hexadecanoic acid (II), were incorporated biosynthetically into the phospholipids of the Escherichia coli fatty acid auxotroph, strain K1060-B5. The extent of incorporation of the two fatty acids was 43% and 21%, respectively, of the total fatty acid content of the phospholipids. Membrane vesicles prepared from cells grown on the fatty acid supplements and [32P]H3PO4 were irradiated at suitable wavelengths to generate the reactive nitrene or carbene intermediates. Subsequent analysis of solubilized membrane proteins by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated cross-linking between radioactive phospholipids and an number of proteins. A corresponding experiment with cells grown on oleic acid showed only trace amounts of covalently cross-linked phospholipid-protein adducts. While the extent of cross-linking in vesicles from cells grown on I was only 3 times the background level observed for oleic acid-grown cells, cells grown on II showed 30 times this amount. The present results, together with the previously observed nonreactivity of the nitrene generated from I to undergo C-H insertion, show that the use of carbene precursors such as II is promising for chemical analysis of specific phospholipid-protein interactions in bacterial membranes under biologically meaningful conditions. PMID- 7012155 TI - A simple and rapid procedure for the large scale purification of the recA protein of Escherichia coli. AB - A simple and rapid three-step procedure for the large scale purification of the recA protein of Escherichia coli is described. The method depends primarily on a single chromatographic step which is highly specific for recA protein: elution by ATP from single-stranded DNA cellulose. With this procedure, gram quantities of recA protein, greater than 99% pure, can be reproducibility prepared for biochemical and biophysical analysis. PMID- 7012156 TI - The choice of bacterial strains to detect phages in sera. PMID- 7012157 TI - The antibody-binding-test, a useful method for quantitative determination of inactivated rabies virus antigen. PMID- 7012159 TI - Sulfhydryl group involvement in the modulation of neutral amino acid transport in thymocyte membrane vesicles. AB - Membrane vesicles from rat thymocytes accumulate 2-aminoisobutyric acid in the presence of 0. 1 M NaCl. Uptake is half maximal between 15 and 30 seconds after addition of the amino acid and reaches a plateau value after about 2 minutes. The uptake of 2-aminoisobutyric acid can be modulated by various sulfhydryl reagents. Reduced glutathione leads to an inhibition of uptake whereas oxidized glutathione increases uptake. Agents such as insulin and diamide which can induce disulfide formation lead to an activation of transport. These date indicate that uptake of the Na+-dependent amino acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, in thymocytes is modulated by a putative plasma membrane, sulfhydryl-containing protein. PMID- 7012160 TI - N-carbamoyloxyurea-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells with elevated levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity. AB - We describe the isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line selected for resistance to N-carbamoyloxyurea. Using the mammalian cell permeabilization assay developed in our laboratory, a detailed analysis of the target enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase (EC 1.17.4.1), was carried out. Both drug resistant and parental wild-type cells required the same optimum conditions for enzyme activity. The Ki values for N-carbamoyloxyurea inhibition of CDP reduction were 2.0 mM for NCR-30A cells and 2.3 mM for wild-type cells, while the Ki value for ADP reduction was 2.3 mM for both cell lines. Although the Ki values remained essentially unchanged, the Vmax values for NCR-30A cells were 1.01 nmoles dCDP formed/5 X 10(6) cells/hour and 1.83 nmoles dADP/5 X 10(6) cells/hour, while those for the wild-type cells were 0.49 nmoles dCDP produced/5 X 10(6) cells/hour and 1.00 nmoles dADP/5 X 10(6) cells/hour. This approximate twofold increase in reductase activity as least partially accounts for a 2.6-fold increase in D10 value for cellular resistance to N-carbamoyloxyurea exhibited by NCR-30A cells. The NCR-30A cell line was also cross-resistant to the antitumor agents, hydroxyurea and guanazole. No differences in Ki values for inhibition of CDP and ADP reduction by these two drugs were detected and cellular resistance could be entirely accounted for by the elevation in activity of the reductase in the NCR 30A cell line. The properties of N-carbamoyloxyurea-resistance cells indicate they should be useful for further investigations into the regulation of mammalian enzyme activity. PMID- 7012162 TI - Proliferative characteristics of clonal endothelial cell strains. AB - We have utilized clonal strains of bovine fetal aortic endothelial cells to study cellular senescence in a differentiated cell type of physiological significance. Serial subcultivation of nine endothelial clones derived from three fetal calf aortas revealed proliferative life-spans in vitro of 53--125 population doublings (PDs), compared with 60 and 143 PDs for two lines of bovine fetal lung cells and 85 and 147 PDs for two lines of bovine vascular smooth muscle cells. Serial growth curves showed marked reductions associated with endothelial cellular senescence both in cellular growth rate and culture plateau density. Studies of the 24-hour [3H]-thymidine labeling index versus percentage of proliferative life span completed indicated that clonal endothelial cultures contained a large proportion (greater than 90%) of rapidly cycling cells until about 75% of the lifespans were completed. Senescent endothelial cells showed evidence of large increases in cell area, cell volume, and protein content. In those clones examined, one specialized endothelial function, Factor VIII antigen expression, was retained qualitatively throughout the life-spans. PMID- 7012161 TI - Unbalanced growth and cell death in HeLa S3 cultures treated with DNA synthesis inhibitors. AB - Flow cytometry indicated that significant amounts of dsRNA were accumulated in HeLa S3 cells blocked at or near G1/S boundary by hydroxyurea (HU) or excess thymidine (TdR). The dsRNA/DNA ratio increased in these cells in a manner characteristic of unbalanced cell growth. In HU-treated cells, dsRNA content was maximal 16 hours after addition of the drug and did not change significantly during the next 24 hours. The DNA content in blocked cells increased by 10%. Cell viability assessed by colony formation in soft agar decreased exponentially in HU treated cultures after 16 hours of incubation. Correlation between loss of cell viability and rate of cell proliferation after removal of HU was observed, as determined by cell count and analysis of cell cycle progression. In TdR-treated cultures cells slowly progressed into mid S-phase during 40 hours and dsRNA accumulation continued during this period. Cell viability was not significantly affected by treatment with excess TdR, indicating that unbalanced growth per se, as measured by dsRNA accumulation, is not lethal for the cells. After reversal of DNA synthesis inhibition by removal of the drug, cells treated with HU for 16 hours of TdR for 16--24 hours promptly progressed through the cell cycle. This progression was accompanied by accumulation of significant amounts of dsRNA. As a result, cells in G2 phase had a very high dsRNA content leading to retention of the unbalanced condition (increased dsRNA/DNA ratio) in the daughter cells. It is suggested that dsRNA accumulation in the cell is controlled to a certain degree by cell progression through the S phase. This type of control, evidently, was reflected in limited dsRNA accumulation in the cells blocked at or near G1/S border, in continuous dsRNA accumulation in the cells slowly progressing through S phase, and in accumulation of large amounts of dsRNA after renewal of progression through the S phase. PMID- 7012163 TI - Glucocorticoids inhibit the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on the initiation of DNA synthesis. AB - Confluent, quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells in culture can be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis and divide by addition of growth factors to the culture medium. Here we show that hydrocortisone and other steroids which have glucocorticoid activity inhibit the stimulation of these cells by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in contrast to their reported enhancement of stimulation by fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Binding studies using [3H]-triamcinolone acetonide show that Swiss 3T3 cells contain a single class of glucocorticoid receptor of uniform affinity (KD = 2.0 nM), and about 34,000 receptor sites per cell. Those steroids which displace bound [3H]-triamcinolone acetonide are also effective in inhibiting the stimulation of DNA synthesis by EGF in the presence or absence of insulin, and the concentration of triamcinolone acetonide required for one-half maximal biological effect is in the same range as the KD. A similar concentration is required for one-half maximal enhancement of the effect of FGF. These results suggest that both the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of glucocorticoids may be mediated via these receptors, the different effects thus being due to differences in the intracellular events triggered by each growth factor. PMID- 7012164 TI - [Strangulated retrocostoxiphoid hernia. Review of the published literature and report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of strangulated retrocostoxiphoid hernia (Morgagni-Larrey hernias) are reported. This is a relatively rare complication, as only 66 cases have been reported, and it has a poor prognosis. The clinical picture includes three main symptomatological groups: occlusion of the colon, gastric volvulus, and small intestine occlusion. Radiological examination of the lungs by frontal and profile films is usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis rapidly, and whether surgery is indicated. In some cases, however, the symptoms are such that opacification with water soluble agents is required. Reduction of the visceral hernia and closure of the orifice is carried out after laparotomy, resection of viscera being rarely required. PMID- 7012158 TI - Role of collagenous matrices in the adhesion and growth of cells. PMID- 7012165 TI - Gel chromatographic separation of human C-peptide and proinsulin. AB - The immunoreactivity of circulating C-peptide is separated into two main peaks on a Bio-Gel column; the faster peak should not be proinsulin but an associated C peptide without a covalent bond. Proinsulin is in fact eluted in the fraction prior to the faster eluting peak of C-peptide immunoreactivity with 1 M acetic acid as the eluting buffer. Therefore the use of gel chromatography to study C peptide and proinsulin needs to be carefully re-evaluated, although the method has been established as one of the standard methods. PMID- 7012167 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence antibodies to Legionella pneumophila: frequency in a rural community. AB - The background prevalence of indirect immunofluorescence antibody to Legionella pneumophila in a rural community was determined by testing sera from 517 volunteers. The upper limit of normal antibody titer was found to be 1:64 with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (Philadelphia 1) used as antigen. High titers (greater than or equal to 1:128) were found in 13.2% of the sera and occurred with similar frequencies in males and females. In individuals 40 years of age and older, however, high titers were 2.7 times as prevalent in males as females. PMID- 7012169 TI - Esculin-based medium for isolation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - A simple medium was developed, using esculin as the substrate, for the isolation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. C. neoformans produced a brown black pigment on the medium; all other yeasts produced no pigment or were light yellow. Esculin is beta-glucose-6,7-dihydroxycoumarin. C. neoformans produced pigment because the 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin component of the esculin molecule was converted to a melanin-like pigment. We think the reaction was similar to the conversion of diphenols, aminophenols, and diaminobenzenes to melanin. Laboratory studies with isolates of C. neoformans, C. albidus, C. luteolus, and C. terreus and representatives of the genera Candida, Torulopsis, Geotrichum, and Rhodotorula, plus environmental field studies, demonstrated that over 95% of C. neoformans isolates were correctly identified, whereas all other fungi were excluded. Esculin agar was a sensitive, specific medium for the isolation and identification of C. neoformans. It was inexpensive and had a long storage life. PMID- 7012166 TI - Separate O-grouping schemes for serotyping clinical isolates of Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. AB - Antisera were prepared against type strains of the original scheme of B. Perch (Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 25:703-714, 1948) and against newly defined types to produce separate schemes for O-grouping Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. In assessing the schemes for their effectiveness it was found that 82% of 208 P. vulgaris isolates and 88% of 194 P. mirabilis isolates from two hospitals were typable. Only 3.4% of the P. vulgaris isolates agglutinated in P. mirabilis antisera, and 1.5% of the P. mirabilis agglutinated in P. vulgaris antisera, indicating that separation of the schemes would be more advantageous in routine typing. P. mirabilis of groups O3, O6, O10, O29, and O30 were most frequently isolated. Of the P. vulgaris isolates, 25% belonged to newly defined O groups, and one of these was the largest with 14% of all isolates of this species. The application of serotyping using separate schemes for each species was advocated in epidemiological studies. PMID- 7012168 TI - Radiometric detection of yeasts in blood cultures of cancer patients. AB - During a 12-month period, 19,457 blood cultures were collected. Yeasts were isolated from 193 cultures derived from 76 cancer patients. Candida albicans or Candida tropicalis accounted for 79% of isolates. Of the three methods compared, the radiometric method required 2.9 days to become positive, "blind" subculture required 2.6 days, and Gram stains required 1 day. However, the radiometric method was clearly superior in detecting positive cultures, since 73% of all cultures were first detected radiometrically, 22% were detected by subculture, and only 5% were detected by Gram stain. Although 93% of the isolates were detected by aerobic culture, five (7%) isolates were obtained only from anaerobic cultures. Seven days of incubation appear to be sufficient for the radiometric detection of yeasts. PMID- 7012170 TI - Diagnostic significance of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii detected after separation of immunoglobulin M from immunoglobulin G antibodies. AB - Failure to demonstrate immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IgM-IFA) in sera from some patients with acute acquired toxoplasmosis has recently been attributed to an inhibitory effect of high titers of IgG antibodies in these sera (Pyndiah et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 9:170-174, 1979). To confirm these findings and define their importance for diagnosis, we used gel filtration to separate IgM from IgG antibodies in a series of sera that were negative in the IgM-IFA test. A total of 68 sera were from patients with acquired toxoplasmosis, 13 were from uninfected adults, 13 were from infants with congenital toxoplasmosis, and 7 were from uninfected neonates. Of the 68 sera from patients with acquired toxoplasmosis, IgM preparations (from the separated sera) were positive in the IgM-IFA test in 36 (53%). There was a significant (P = 0.00003) association between high titers of IgM-IFA antibodies in the IgM preparations (corrected for dilution of IgM antibodies by the gel filtration procedure) and recent acquisition of infection. IgM antibodies were also detected in 5 (38%) of the IgM preparations of 13 sera from congenitally infected infants but not in any of the IgM preparations of sera from uninfected neonates. IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were shown to interfere with demonstration of IgM antibodies in the IgM-IFA test. Treatment of sera with protein A resulted in greater dilution of IgM antibodies and less efficient separation of IgM from IgG antibodies than did separation of sera by gel filtration. Treatment of sera with protein A did not result in increased detection of IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Testing of IgM preparations (obtained by gel filtration) resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity of the IgM-IFA test for the diagnosis of recently acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7012172 TI - Quantitative microtiter cytotoxicity assay for Shigella toxin. AB - The cytotoxic activity of Shigella dysenteriae 1 was assayed by exposing HeLa cells in microtiter cultures to dilutions of toxin. Exposure to toxin caused either failure of cells in suspension to attach or detachment of cells from established monolayers. Estimates of toxin potency were made by staining residual cells with crystal violet and visually inspecting the stained plates. Quantitation of the cytotoxic effect was made possible by eluting and spectrophotometrically measuring the stain. The dilution of toxin causing 50% cell detachment, the endpoint chosen for the assay, was estimated from plots of dye absorbance versus toxin dilution. The 50% cell detachment dilution of toxin varied as a function of cell concentration, incubation of toxin with cells in suspension or as established monolayers, and the cell line used for assay. The HeLa cell line was the most sensitive of the cell lines examined. The method was easily utilized to monitor toxin purification and to measure antitoxin neutralization of toxin activity. PMID- 7012171 TI - Analysis of three variables in sampling solutions used to assay bacteria of hands: type of solution, use of antiseptic neutralizers, and solution temperature. AB - Tests were performed using the sterile bag technique to determine the effects of type of sampling solution, use of antiseptic neutralizers, and solution temperature on the detection and quantitation of bacteria on hands. Using paired hand cultures, three sampling solutions were compared: quarter-strength Ringer solution, a phosphate buffer containing Triton X-100, and the same buffer containing antiseptic neutralizers. The phosphate buffer containing Triton X-100 was significantly better than quarter-strength Ringer solution in mean bacterial yield; the neutralizer-containing sampling solution was slightly better than Triton X-100-containing solution, although differences were not significant at the P = 0.05 level. Temperature (6 or 23 degrees C) of the sampling solution showed no consistent effect on bacterial yield from hands tested with the fluid containing neutralizers. PMID- 7012173 TI - Legionella pneumophila serogroup six: isolation from cases of legionellosis, identification by immunofluorescence staining, and immunological response to infection. AB - Isolates of Legionella pneumophila that are serologically different from strains of serogroups 1 through 5 were obtained from lung biopsy tissue or pleural fluid from three renal transplant recipients in Chicago, Ill. These strains were placed in a newly designated L. pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 6, on the basis of fluorescent-antibody staining characteristics. An L. pneumophila strain obtained from Bethesda, Md., one from Houston, Tex., and one from Oxford, England, also belong to this new serogroup. L. pneumophila serogroup 6 appears to be widely distributed geographically. PMID- 7012174 TI - Further studies with the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption double staining procedure. AB - A double-staining procedure for the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, using fluorescein isothiocyanate as a label for the class-specific anti human globulin and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate as a label for a counterstain reagent, has been described. This method requires the addition of a KP560 barrier filter, with a microscope equipped with vertical illumination, to exclude the rhodamine emission in reading the fluorescein fluorescence. The present study evaluated reversing the dye label for each conjugate in the double staining procedure, thus eliminating the need for the KP560 filter. It also considered the possibility of shortening the counterstaining time and compared various methods for preparing antigen slides in an attempt to establish a method that increases the number of treponemes per microscopic field. The results indicate that a rhodamine-labeled class-specific anti-human globulin as a primary stain, and a fluorescein-labeled anti-treponemal globulin as a counterstain, provide an acceptable method for performing the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption double-staining procedure. Nonfixed antigen slides were held for 16 days in a desiccator or stored in plastic bags with silica gel for 3 weeks; then, with methanol fixation, they were used satisfactorily in the double-staining procedure. A shortened incubation time for the counterstain allowed more rapid slide processing. PMID- 7012175 TI - Chlamydial antigens stabilized with formalin for use in the micro immunofluorescence test. AB - Formalinized antigen suspensions prepared by differential centrifugation from crude infected yolk sacs and stored at 4 degrees C were satisfactory antigens during at least 36 weeks when used in chlamydial micro-immunofluorescence procedures. PMID- 7012176 TI - Protease production by clinical isolates of type III group B streptococci. AB - Six strains of serotype III group B streptococci isolated from confirmed cases of neonatal disease were examined for their ability to produce proteolytic enzymes. Three neuraminidase-producing strains and three non-neuraminidase-producing strains were employed in this study. Protease production was examined in 1,000 fold concentrated filtrates of stationary-phase cells with an insoluble substrate derived from horse hide powder labeled covalently with Remazol brilliant blue. Protease activity was not detected in any cultural supernatant fluids until they were fractionated on Sephadex G-100. After fractionation, the neuraminidase producing strains were shown to elaborate approximately sixfold more protease than the non-neuraminidase-producing strains. The finding that clinical isolates of group B streptococci that elaborated high levels of neuraminidase also produced elevated levels of extracellular protease may indicate that the production of several different factors may determine the virulence of these organisms. PMID- 7012177 TI - Commercial latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of group B streptococcal infection in infants. AB - Although latex agglutination assays for detection of a variety of bacterial antigens in body fluids from patients with systemic infection have been shown to be useful as rapid diagnostic techniques, lack of commercial availability has restricted their application. The Streptex latex test kit for the detection of group B streptococcal (GBS) antigen in admission body fluid specimens was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in 54 infants with meningitis and in 10 infants with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters. GBS antigen was detected in 22 of 28 (78.6%) CSF specimens by latex agglutination and in 23 of 28 (82.1%) by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. Antigen was present in 21 of 28 (latex agglutination) and 19 of 26 (countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis) CSF specimens after the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Heat-labile factors accounted for nonspecific agglutination reactions with latex suspensions other than group B in 3 of 28 CSF samples from patients with GBS meningitis. These nonspecific reactions were readily eliminated by heating specimens for 10 min at 100 degrees C. Fifteen patients with GBS meningitis had admission serum and urine samples collected in addition to CSF. Antigen was detected by latex agglutination and countercurrent immunoelelectrophoresis in 14 of 15 (93.3%) and 13 of 15 (86.7%) concentrated urine specimens, respectively, and in 12 of 15 (80%) CSF specimens and 4 of 15 (27%) sera by each method. These findings indicate that the Streptex latex test is a rapid, sensitive, and readily available method for detection of GBS antigen in admission body fluid specimens from infants with meningitis. PMID- 7012178 TI - Optimal time for routine early subculture of blood cultures. AB - Routine aerobic subcultures performed between 6 and 12 h and between 12 and 17 h after blood collection yielded 36 and 63%, respectively, of isolates from blood cultures, whereas only 10% of isolates were recovered in a preliminary study when cultures were subcultured within 6 h of blood collection for cultures. PMID- 7012179 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus serology by a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which utilized commercially available reagents was developed for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific immunoglobulin G. An analysis of the inherent variation of the assay allowed the setting of strict criteria for determining a significant change in RSV antibodies. The ELISA was more sensitive than the standard complement fixation or microneutralization tests in a carefully studied group of 32 RSV infected adults. The ELISA correlated closely with complement fixation serological testing in 25 patients. The use of purified antigens might allow the development of a more sensitive ELISA. PMID- 7012180 TI - Infectivity of human coronavirus strain 229E. AB - The replication of human coronavirus strain 229E was observed by using indirect immunofluorescence in infected monolayers of MRC continuous cells. By 8 h after infection, bright cytoplasmic fluorescence was detected in cells infected with human coronavirus 229E. Discrete foci of infection were observed from 8 to 16 h after infection in cells infected with high dilutions of human coronavirus 229E; each fluorescent focus corresponded to a single virus infection. A fluorescent focus assay is described, using indirect immunofluorescence, which is more sensitive than the established techniques of tube titration and plaque assay. Particle/infectivity ratios for unpurified and purified virus preparations revealed a considerable drop in infectivity on purification. PMID- 7012181 TI - Semiautomatic aseptic dispenser for anaerobic media. AB - The construction and use of a reliable apparatus for dispensing anaerobic liquids aseptically are described. PMID- 7012183 TI - Quantitative relationships between Candida albicans in saliva and the clinical status of human subjects. AB - Patients with candidiasis had greater than 400 colony-forming units per ml of saliva, whereas carriers of Candida albicans had less than 400 colony-forming units per ml. Thus, quantitative cultures of saliva may aid in the diagnosis of oral candidiasis. PMID- 7012184 TI - Radiometric detection of mycobacteria in routine blood cultures. AB - Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus was detected radiometrically in routine blood cultures. The organism was detected in two patients without the use of special mycobacteriological media. PMID- 7012182 TI - Rapid test for determination of esculin hydrolysis. AB - An esculin hydrolysis test is described which distinguishes over 97% of bacteria that can convert esculin to esculetin in a buffered solution, from those that cannot, within an hour. PMID- 7012185 TI - Rebonding brackets. PMID- 7012186 TI - Chemical inhibition of plaque. AB - Attempts to control plaque by chemical means using enzymes, antibiotics and antiseptics are reviewed. Enzymes such as mucinase, dehydrated pancreas, enzymes of fungal origin, dextranase and mutanase showed limited clinical success despite promising in vitro and animal studies. Side effects from the use of enzymes were observed. Many antibiotics have been used in attempts to control plaque and several have been successful. However, problems exist from the long-term use of such drugs which precludes their routine use as agents for controlling plaque. The biguanide chlorhexidine is the most widely used and investigated method of chemical plaque control. Many studies have been demonstrated that it will successfully control plaque. No toxic side effects have been reported from its long-term use but local side effects such as staining of the teeth do occur. The quaternary ammonium compounds have at present no advantages over the biguanides and require more frequent usage to achieve the same degree of plaque control as chlorhexidine. PMID- 7012187 TI - Assessment of tooth mobility using small loads. II. Effect of oral hygiene procedures. AB - Tooth mobility at loads between 20 p and 80 p was studied in maxillary incisors and canines in eight subjects with moderate periodontal disease. The periodontal conditions of the investigated teeth exhibited clinical criteria of gingival inflammation and a moderate loss of attachment. None of the subjects showed subjective or clinical signs of occlusal disturbances. In all, 35 teeth were investigated over the 12-week period following periodontal hygiene treatment, including oral hygiene instructions and removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus. During the course of the investigation, a gradual decrease of tooth mobility was observed amounting to a tooth mobility decrease of 65% (using the corrective formula described by Muhlemann 1960) at 50 p load. Tooth mobility curves within the 20--80 p loading area were transformed to lines of regression (Persson & Svensson 1980). Analyses of the lines showed significantly lower tooth mobility values 12 weeks after start of treatment. PMID- 7012188 TI - In memoriam (Jens Waerhaug). PMID- 7012190 TI - Viloxazine and the depressed schizophrenic--methodological issues. AB - A pilot study of a small group of schizophrenic patients manifesting symptoms of a depressive nature was treated in a double-blind study in which viloxazine or a placebo was administered in combination with either chlorpromazine or haloperidol. There appeared to be no difference between the viloxazine-treated group and the placebo-treated group, although the study raised some question as to the adequacies of the dosage utilized since there was an absence of any apparent side effects. In view of these issues concerning the clinical merit of the combination, this obviously requires further investigation. PMID- 7012189 TI - Effect of magnesium--aluminum hydroxide and kaolin--pectin on absorption of digoxin from tablets and capsules. AB - Twelve healthy fasting volunteers received two 0.2-mg digoxin capsules or tablets with 60 ml water, 60 ml Maalox, or 60 ml Kaopectate in a randomized, single-dose, six-way crossover study. Concentrations of digoxin in multiple plasma samples and in all urine collected during the 24 hours after each dose were determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared to the water treatment, administration of both tablets and capsules with Maalox or Kaopectate reduced the peak digoxin plasma concentrations but did not significantly influence the time of peak concentration. Neither Maalox nor Kaopectate influenced the area under the 24 hour plasma concentration--time curve for either tablets or capsules. However, 24 hour urinary recovery of digoxin from tablets tended to be reduced by Maalox and Kaopectate; this was not the case with capsules. Digoxin capsules may have an advantage over currently available tablets in clinical situations requiring digoxin coadministration with nonabsorbable gastrointestinal preparations. PMID- 7012192 TI - A multivariate analysis of clinicians' perceptions of supervisory effectiveness. AB - The study was designed to identify and structure supervisory behaviors that speech clinicians perceive as critical to the process of supervision. A total of 164 student clinicians in 37 Midwestern clinical facilities evaluated the behavior of 87 clinical supervisors. Factor analysis yielded two distinct dimensions, interpersonal and administrative factors, and indicated that eight variables contributed most significantly to the evaluative process. When the variables were regressed against the supervisors' overall effectiveness ratings, a three-variable prediction system resulted. "Respect for the student clinician" was the single most valid predictor of perceived supervisory effectiveness, followed by "confrontation" and "empathy" variables. Implications for training supervisors in interactive skills are discussed, along with recommendations for future research. PMID- 7012191 TI - The effectiveness of antihistamines in the common cold. AB - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was done on 106 volunteers to assess the effectiveness of chlorpheniramine maleate against the common cold. The results suggest that this antihistamine is significantly effective in relieving the symptoms of a cold if used four times daily for one week, and that relief was gained with no significant increase in side effects. PMID- 7012193 TI - A comparison of the effects of two supervisory styles, conventional and teaching clinic, in the training of speech and language pathologists. AB - This study compared the teaching clinic, a group form of supervision, to the conventional one-to-one method of supervision. The purpose was to determine if the conventional or teaching clinic method was more conducive to the development of self-supervisory behaviors in student speech pathologists as measured by the talk behaviors that occurred during the supervisory conference. Two matched groups of five clinicians participated in conventional supervision for 4 wk and in teaching-clinic supervision for 4 wk. Two supervisors alternately supervised both groups. The supervisory conferences were videotaped at 2-wk intervals. Segments of the conferences were coded using the Calutta/Seltzer supervisory observation system. The results indicated that the conventional and teaching clinic methods of supervision are viable supervisory methodologies which cannot be differentiated on the basis of talk behaviors occurring during the supervisory conference. Self-supervisory talk behaviors were generated with both methods. PMID- 7012194 TI - The speech clinician's use of fiberoptics in indirect laryngoscopy. AB - This paper explores the use of fiberoptics in indirect laryngoscopy and encourages the speech pathologist to use this procedure in a diagnostic and therapeutic context. Routine use of this procedure by speech pathologists would broaden the role definition of the voice clinician as a skilled evaluator of vocal-fold pathologies. PMID- 7012195 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of leucine-enkephalin in the spinal cord of the cat: enkephalin-containing marginal neurons and pain modulation. AB - This study examined the spinal cord distribution of the endogenous opioid peptide leucine-enkephalin in the cat using immunohistochemical techniques. The distribution of nerve processes was studied in untreated cats; colchicine was administered to study the distribution and morphology of spinal enkephalin containing perikarya. Enkephalin immunoreactive processes were greatest in laminae I and II (marginal layer and substantia gelatinosa) of the superficial dorsal horn. In many sections, the outer substantia gelatinosa (SG), lamina IIa, was discernibly less immunoreactive than I or IIb. Laminae III and IV were relatively devoid of staining. Laminae V and VII had moderate enkephalin immunoreactivity, lamina VI somewhat less. Enkephalin immunoreactivity in lamina X, around the central canal, was very dense. Enkephalin-containing beaded varicosities coursed throughout the ventral horn. Although previous studies in the rat emphasized the enkephalin-somata of the SG, we found that in the cat the majority of superficial dorsal horn enkephalin-somata are in the marginal layer. These enkephalin-containing marginal cells were morphologically similar to a population of marginal neurons which project to the brainstem and/or the thalamus. Some light staining small SG neurons were also identified; many were located at the lamina I-II border. Considerably more cells were found ventral to the SG, in lamina III, and at the IV-V border. These latter cells had dendrites coursing dorsally, toward the SG. Numerous immunoreactive cells were found in lamina VIII, in a band across the intermediate gray. These cells fused medially with cells of lamina X. Enkephalin cells were also found in the sacral autonomic nucleus and encircling the central cervical nucleus, Clarke's column, and stilling's nucleus. Although surrounded by labeled cells, the latter regions were devoid of enkephalin-immunoreactive processes. Many of these spinal enkephalin neurons are morphologically similar to and distributed in regions known to contain projection neurons. Thus it is suggested that many spinal enkephalin neurons, generally thought to be local circuit neurons, project rostrally, to other spinal levels and perhaps to brainstem and/or thalamus. PMID- 7012196 TI - Brunsting-Perry cicatricial pemphigoid associated with bullous pemphigoid. AB - Brunsting-Perry cicatricial pemphigoid is a chronic recurrent vesiculobullous eruption that occurs predominantly on the head and neck. Because of the clinical, histologic, and immunologic similarity to cicatricial pemphigoid, it has been suggested that Brunsting-Perry cicatricial pemphigoid represents the cutaneous counterpart of cicatricial pemphigoid and should be included as a member of the pemphigoid spectrum of diseases. The concurrence of Brunsting-Perry cicatricial pemphigoid and bullous pemphigoid, as seen in the patient in this report, supports this viewpoint. PMID- 7012197 TI - Herpes gestationis. A possible association with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease). AB - Herpes gestationis (HG) is almost identical to bullous pemphigoid (BP) in its immunopathology. Although BP has been reported in association with autoimmune diseases, no such association has previously been noted with HG. We describe three patients with HG who also had Graves' disease, and, in addition, one of these patients had alopecia totalis and ulcerative colitis. All three patients possessed the human lymphocyte antigen HLA-B8. PMID- 7012199 TI - Saga of a North Carolina dermatologist. An autobiographical experience. PMID- 7012198 TI - Bullous amyloidosis. AB - The variety of cutaneous lesions in primary systemic or multiple myeloma associated amyloidosis is impressive and includes purpura, waxy papules, tumors, plaques, alopecia, and, rarely, bullae. We report a patient in whom the diagnoses of amyloidosis and multiple myeloma were established after he presented with bullae and extensive infiltrated, purpuric plaques. Immunoelectrophoresis of the blister fluid revealed an IgA kappa monoclonal protein similar to that found in the patient's serum and urine. PMID- 7012200 TI - Lupus erythematosus. AB - Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multisystem disease. Genetic predisposition, altered immunity, hormones, drugs, viruses, and ultraviolet light all may play a role in etiology. A wide range of cutaneous lesions occur, and variants such as subacute cutaneous LE, complement-deficient LE, and neonatal LE have recently been emphasized. Management of the LE patient, including appropriate diagnostic studies and therapy relevant to the dermatologist, is discussed in the review. PMID- 7012201 TI - Some recent advances in HLA and skin diseases. AB - During the past 15 years, much has been learned about the human major histocompatibility complex. These new findings have been applied to the whole field of medicine, including transplantation immunology, blood transfusions, association with disease, human genetics, and the mechanism of human immune responses. In clinical medicine, the association between the major histocompatibility complex and various diseases has attracted the greatest interest. In this paper, we summarize the basic information on the human histocompatibility complex and its association with dermatologic disorders. Data from the world literature are reviewed and tabulated. Our own investigations on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and epidermolysis bullosa are discussed in detail. PMID- 7012203 TI - Fiber implantation for pattern baldness. Review of complications in forty-one patients. AB - Forty-one patients who underwent one technic of fiber implantation for pattern baldness were studied. Complications were frequent and included rejection of fibers, infection, facial swelling, pain, pruritus, and scarring. In addition, patients incurred risks of carcinogenesis from deeply embedded bits of fiber and also loss of their own natural hair. Fiber implantation is an unsuccessful method of hair restoration, and its use has been discouraged by state and federal agencies. PMID- 7012204 TI - Clinical evaluation of the patient with bruising and bleeding. AB - Abnormal bleeding or bruising is frequently encountered in the clinical practice of dermatology. A working knowledge of mechanisms of normal hemostasis, a complete history (general, bleeding, familial), a thorough physical examination, and an appropriate laboratory evaluation are the integral steps in the diagnostic process. Cutaneous bruising and/or bleeding may be a manifestation of a previously unrecognized hereditary coagulation deficiency such as mild hemophilia or von Willebrand's disease (vWD), hereditary or acquired qualitative or quantitative platelet disorder, disturbance of the vascular or supporting structure, or it may be due to one of several acquired systemic disorders. PMID- 7012205 TI - Naomi M. Kanof, M.D. PMID- 7012202 TI - Therapeutic briefs. II. PMID- 7012206 TI - Bisexual behavior in male rats treated neonatally with antibodies to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - For investigating the possibility that the neuropeptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is involved in the process of sexual differentiation, male rat pups were injected on Days 1 and 3 of life with specific antibodies to LHRH (AB-LHRH); control rats were treated with normal rabbit serum (NRS). At maturity, males treated with AB-LHRH were as fertile as controls, and their amount and intromission latencies and the postejaculatory interval were extended only slightly. However, they showed high levels of lordotic behavior, including ear wiggling, when castrated and primed with estrogen or with estrogen plus progesterone. Testosterone propionate, administered neonatally together with AB LHRH, did not reverse these effects. There was no evidence that neonatal treatment with antiserum to LHRH affected testosterone levels, as measured by radioimmunoassay. Males treated with AB-LHRH and castrated as adults did not respond to estrogen priming by releasing a surge of luteinizing hormone, a result indicating that they did not possess the female type of gonadotropin regulation. These findings indicate that neutralization of endogenous LHRH during neonatal life selectively blocks defeminization of behavior without affecting the process of masculinization. PMID- 7012207 TI - A review of clinical research on the use of prenatal fluoride administration for prevention of dental caries. AB - From a theoretical standpoint, primary teeth could benefit from prenatal exposure to dietary fluoride supplements. Permanent teeth are unlikely to benefit from the procedure. Additional research on placental transfer of fluoride, and mechanisms of action of fluoride is indicated. Despite encouraging trends in existing data, administration of dietary fluoride supplements to pregnant women cannot be recommended at this time, because conclusive clinical evidence that the procedure reduces dental caries in the teeth of offspring is lacking. Well-controlled clinical trials should be carried out to establish the possible value of prenatally administered dietary fluoride supplements. PMID- 7012209 TI - [Staple-type implants in mandibular atrophy]. PMID- 7012208 TI - Dentistry and behaviour modification. Part 1. Principles of behaviour modification. PMID- 7012210 TI - Prosthodontic treatment for the complex mandibular Class I partially edentulous patient. PMID- 7012211 TI - The effect of enamel surface reduction in vitro on the bonding of composite resin to permanent human enamel. AB - The shear bond strength between composite resin and human permanent tooth enamel was measured on unabraded tooth surfaces and after mechanical reduction of 0.1 mm and 0.6 mm of the enamel surface. There was a higher bond strength following the reduction of 0.1 mm of the surface (p less than 0.05) and 0.6 mm of the surface (p less than 0.01). Mechanical surface reduction was associated with increased residual composite at the bond site after debonding. PMID- 7012212 TI - Endotoxin-inactivating potency of hydrogen peroxide: effect on cell growth. AB - An in vitro system was used to study the detoxifying potential of H2O2 on bacterial endotoxin. L929 fibroblasts were exposed to H2O2-treated and -untreated endotoxin. Growth and viability assays were made at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The cultures exposed to H2O2-treated endotoxin showed a normal growth rate, whereas the cultures exposed to untreated endotoxin displayed a substantial reduction in growth. Implications are presented as to the potential role of H2O2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 7012213 TI - Rejection of skin grafts after orthotopic tooth transplantation between RhLA paired monkeys. AB - Statistical analysis of paired observations indicated that RhLA-A,B disparate teeth caused the accelerated rejection of tooth-donor skin grafts placed 21 to 24 mo after tooth allotransplantation, but not at 30 to 34 mo. Teeth transplanted between matched monkeys did not cause the accelerated rejection of skin grafts. PMID- 7012214 TI - Surgical management of congenital giant hairy pigmented nevi. AB - The author describes his experience with surgical ablation of truly giant hairy pigmented nevi in 26 cases, three in detail of which two were on the face and one on the back. In a comprehensive table, salient clinical, histopathologic, and surgical data on the 26 cases are given. PMID- 7012217 TI - Patient education: a review of the literature. PMID- 7012216 TI - Differential lung ventilation with HFPPV. AB - A case of a 53 year old lady who developed a unilateral "white lung" of known etiology three weeks after injury is described. The clinical picture was suggestive of a pleural or extra-pleural hematoma, and she was operated upon twice. During the second thoracotomy it became evident that the lesion was in the lung parenchyma. The patient was treated with differential lung ventilation with application of a high continuous positive airway pressure, followed by high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) of the diseased lung with low frequency continuous positive pressure ventilation of the other lung. This technique proved to be simple and successful. PMID- 7012218 TI - The presidents. Frank Abbott, 1887-1888. PMID- 7012215 TI - Immunological aspects to severe bacterial sepsis. AB - In spite of discovery of new antibiotics and regular progress in intensive care, mortality from severe bacterial sepsis remains high. In this review the importance of cellular and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis and the outcome of severe infection is delineated. Immunological evaluation of patients in Intensive Care Units should be performed almost routinely in order to detect "high risk" patients with acquired defect in host-defence mechanisms. For these patients in addition to nutritional care, passive or active immunotherapy will help to restore resistance to bacterial infection. PMID- 7012219 TI - Marion E. Kenworthy, M.D. August 17, 1891--June 26, 1980. PMID- 7012220 TI - The American Dietetic Association, Officers, 1980-81. PMID- 7012221 TI - Computer-assisted instruction for decision making in food systems management. AB - Although effectiveness of the CAI case study simulations was not immediately made evident by the results of the objective measurements used, students and faculty members involved responded positively to the CAI experience and expressed interest in continuation and expansion of the CAI method. The use of CAI in a dietetic education program was feasible for this coordinated dietetics program. Further research is recommended on the use of CAI to meet both cognitive and affective competencies in a dietetic education program. Research in evaluation of effectiveness of CAI is essential when objectives to be met are affective in nature. PMID- 7012222 TI - Anthropometric measurement in a protective environment. AB - Although specifically designed for intensive chemotherapy, the LAF room is in use in other related treatment areas, including organ transplantation, burn therapy, and hematologic conditions in which the ability to ward off infections is impaired. With the increased use of protective environments in a variety of clinical conditions, the dietitian must be able to identify and develop proper sterile techniques for anthropometry to provide the health care team with ongoing nutritional assessment for this patient population. PMID- 7012223 TI - From discovery to validation: a basic challenge to psychoanalysis. PMID- 7012224 TI - [History of trans-scleral surgery]. PMID- 7012225 TI - Increase in placental lactogen and somatomedins after nephrectomy. AB - To investigate the relationship between renal agenesis and fetal growth retardation, 6 fetal sheep underwent bilateral nephrectomy and carotid artery catheterization between 105 and 125 days of gestation. Five fetal sheep were catheterized at a similar age as controls and all but one were delivered between 134 days and 147 days gestation. The weights of the fetuses did not differ significantly but the nephrectomized fetuses were shorter than their controls (P less than 0.01). Hydranencephaly was observed in two nephrectomized animals and the mean brain weight was reduced in this group (P less than 0.01). Fetal lung weights were likewise reduced (P less than 0.01). The mean plasma concentrations of maternal and fetal immunoreactive insulin and prolactin did not differ significantly in the two groups, nor did fetal ovine growth hormone and maternal ovine placental lactogen, also measured by radioimmunoassay. However, there were greater concentrations of ovine placental lactogen in the plasma of the nephrectomized lambs than in the controls (P less than 0.005). Somatomedin-like receptor activity was measured by receptor assay using [125I] multiplication stimulating activity. The mean activity in unextracted serum from nephrectomized lambs was greater than that of the controls (p less than 0.05). When the fetal serum was chromatographed on Sephadex G-150 and the eluted fractions assayed for somatomedin-like activity three peaks of activity were observed. Two, with indicated molecular sizes of approximately 100,000 and 10,000 were greater in serum from nephrectomized animals than from the controls (P less than 0.01). The increased concentrations of placental lactogen and somatomedins after nephrectomy suggest that the kidney has a role in clearance of these hormones in the fetus. The growth retardation after fetal nephrectomy may be due to increased binding of somatomedin peptides by serum proteins or to an inhibition of somatomedin action by an unidentified serum component. PMID- 7012226 TI - Regulation of blood flow through the ductus venosus. AB - The ductus venosus, which is situated within the liver parenchyma, is a vascular shunt unique to the fetal and neonatal circulations. In fetal life, the ductus venosus allows variable portions of the umbilical and portal venous blood flows to bypass the liver microcirculation. After birth, when the umbilical circulation ceases, blood flow through the ductus venosus decreases substantially. The purposes of this review are to summarize the data currently available on the regulation of ductus venosus blood flow in fetal and neonatal life and to identify those factors that affect ductus venosus closure after birth. Most recent experiments indicate that mechanical factors exert the major influence on the fetal ductus venosus shunt. In the fetal sheep, for example, pressure and resistance differences across the liver are important determinants of the umbilical venous blood flow through the ductus venosus. In addition, ductus venosus blood flow can passively in response to alterations in the systemic circulation. Shortly after birth, blood flow and blood pressure in the umbilical sinus decrease abruptly. This causes the orifice of the ductus venosus to retract and narrow, resulting in functional closure of the vascular shunt. Permanent structural closure, consisting of connective tissue deposition within the entire ductus lumen, starts within days after birth and is completed by 1-3 months of age. PMID- 7012227 TI - Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase during pearl danio development. AB - The ontogeny of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined in the pearl danio (Brachydanio albolineatus) by the utilization of vertical slab acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The restriction of ADH activity to liver tissue in B. albolineatus is consistent with observations reported for other species of brachydanio. At 118 hours posthatching, a time when larval fishes were found to undergo functional maturation of the liver, the ADH homopolymer appeared. The enzyme was observed to increase in activity concurrently with decreasing yolk reserves. It is suggested that the state of liver cell differentiation and/or the physiological function of liver tissue provides the stimulation required to activate the Adh locus in Brachydanio. PMID- 7012228 TI - A gathering of friends in memory of Madeline Earle Stanton, (1898-1980), held in the Historical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, Saturday, 22 November 1980. PMID- 7012229 TI - Madeline Earle Stanton, Disciple: the years 1920 to 1941. PMID- 7012230 TI - The status of physicians and surgeons in renaissance Venice. PMID- 7012231 TI - Catherine the Great and public health. PMID- 7012232 TI - Charles Darwin, Dr. Edward Lane, and the 'singular trial' of Robinson v. Robinson and Lane. PMID- 7012233 TI - The examination of a young surgeon. Hand-colored etching by George Cruikshank, from the Scourge, 1811. PMID- 7012234 TI - An unauthorized contemporary reprinting of Jenner's paper on the cuckoo. PMID- 7012235 TI - An unidentified roman surgical instrument in Bingen. PMID- 7012236 TI - Ixodes as a source of conflict: Otis E. Hunt vs. J. Mason Warren. PMID- 7012237 TI - Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. II. Autoantibodies deposited along the basement membrane of skin and their relationship to immune-complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7012238 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to non-MHC alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. III. Epidermal cell-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - We have previously shown that murine epidermal cells (EC) from 5 H-2 compatible donor strains induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in C3H hosts that preferentially lyse donor EC as opposed to donor lymphoid cells (LC). This preference has been shown to be dependent on a single alloantigen disparity, designated epidermal alloantigen (Epa). In this report we studied the specificity of the CTL to determine whether Epa-antigens are in fact EC specific. Two populations of CTL could be identified by cross-immunization, cold-target inhibition, antigen-driven suicide, and limiting-dilution analyses. A minor CTL population recognizes alloantigens that are expressed by both EC and LC, but this population is necessary only for lysis of LC targets. The major CTL population is specific for Epa-antigens and reacts only with EC targets. At the induction phase of CTL responses, donor LC stimulators can weakly stimulate Epa-specific CTL, indicating LC populations express Epa-antigens in immunogenic form but at very low levels compared with EC. The preferential lysis of EC targets in these strain combinations can be attributed to the major Epa-specific CTL population, whereas lysis of LC targets is due to CTL specific for other alloantigens that are shared by EC and LC. The identification of CTL-activating, EC-specific alloantigens may help to explain the extreme immunogenicity of MHC compatible skin allografts. PMID- 7012239 TI - Complement does not facilitate plasmodial infections. AB - The influence of the complement (C) system on Plasmodial infections in vivo (Plasmodium berghei in rats) and in vitro (Plasmodium falciparum) has been determined. In rats C3 depletion by treatment of animals with the C3 inactivator isolated from cobra venom factor results in infection that develops more rapidly, reaches a higher peak of parasitemia and is associated with an increased mortality rate (60%), in contrast to a lower degree of parasitemia and lack of mortality in C3-intact rats. The infection of human red cells by P. falciparum is not affected when serum C is inactivated either by heat treatment or by incubation with preformed immune complexes. Furthermore, human sera genetically deficient in C2, C3, C4, or C5 are as effective in facilitating the infection of red cells as is C-intact serum. These data suggest that, in contrast to Babesia sp., the in vitro or the in vivo infection of red cells by Plasmodium sp is not facilitated by the availability of C. PMID- 7012240 TI - Studies on human migration inhibitory factor: characterization of three molecular species. AB - Human migration inhibitory factor (MIF), obtained from supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin A, was analyzed by gel filtration, isoelectrofocusing, and CsCl density gradient centrifugation. A distinct pattern of heterogeneity was determined on the basis of its harvesting time and biochemical criteria. Supernatants from cells cultured for 1 day contained a single peak of MIF activity with an isoelectric point of 4.3 to 5.2, an apparent m.w. of 23,000, and a density of 1.314 g/ml, the same as the density of the marker protein, 125I-HSA (1st day pH 5-MIF). Furthermore, this species of human MIF was sensitive to treatment with trypsin, strongly suggesting its being a protein, but not to treatment with neuraminidase and corresponds therefore to guinea pig pH 5-MIF. However, when 2nd day supernatants were analyzed under the same conditions, 2 MIF species were found. One species with an isoelectric point of 2.4 to 3.3 had an apparent m.w. of 65,000 (2nd day 3-MIF). The other species with an isoelectric point of 4.3 to 5.6 had an apparent m.w. of 23-43,000 (2nd day pH 5-MIF). Upon centrifugation in CsCl density gradients, the density (rho 25 of 1.314 to 1.414 g/ml) of both species was found to be greater than that of the pure protein, 125I-HSA. In addition, both species were chymotrypsin and neuraminidase sensitive but not trypsin sensitive, further suggesting their glycoprotein nature. PMID- 7012242 TI - Familial cryptococcal meningitis. PMID- 7012241 TI - [Post-surgical acquired single kidney. Clinico-pathological and prognostic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012243 TI - Colonization of Mexican pregnant women with group B streptococcus. PMID- 7012244 TI - Isolation of Clostridium botulinum type G and identification of type G botulinal toxin in humans: report of five sudden unexpected deaths. AB - Clostridium botulinum type G has not been identified until now from humans or animals; it has been isolated only twice, from soil samples in Argentina. Type G organisms were isolated from necropsy specimens in four adults and an 18-week-old infant. Type G botulinal toxin was demonstrated in the serum of three of these individuals. The toxic dose in mice ranged from 2 to 7 50% lethal doses/ml. These persons died suddenly and unexpectedly at home, without any pathologic evidence to account for the cause of death in four cases. Symptoms in two individuals were similar to those observed in food-borne botulism. Thus, a prompt postmortem search for toxin and organisms of C. Botulinum in blood and feces may be worthwhile in determining the etiology of unexplained deaths. More microbiologic, physiologic, and toxicologic data are needed to clarify the role of C. botulinum in the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in infants and adults. PMID- 7012245 TI - Adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal and buccal epithelial cells. AB - Factors that may influence adherence of Candida albicans to exfoliated human vaginal and buccal epithelial cells were studied in vitro. Factors that enhanced germination enhanced adherence. Heat-killed, germinated Candida organisms demonstrated poorer adherence than viable Candida organisms and no better adherence than nonviable, ungerminated Candida organisms. The difference between adherence of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells and that to vaginal epithelial cells was significant, as were differences among volunteers. Preincubation in fucose but not mannose, glucose or galactose solutions, preincubation of germinated yeast or of epithelial cells in chymotrypsin or trypsin, a culture supernatant of germinated yeast killed by ultraviolet light, or precoating of epithelial cells with lactobacilli each inhibited adherence. These studies indicate that adherence of C. albicans is enhanced by a surface component of germinated yeast, probably a surface protein that binds to the epithelial receptor, possibly a glycoprotein. PMID- 7012246 TI - The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of an aminoglycoside administered into the cerebral ventricles in neonates: implications for further evaluation of this route of therapy in meningitis. AB - The optimal dose, frequency, and duration of intraventricular therapy for gram negative meningitis (GNM) have never been determined. A prospective evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of intraventricular amikacin was undertaken in neonates with GNM. After the initial intraventricular instillation of 5 mg of amikacin via a Rickham reservoir, a 10-fold variation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration and a fivefold variation in half-life of the drug were noted. These variations were related to differences in the CSF volume secondary to hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, and/or brain abscess. Successful therapy required maintaining the concentration of amikacin in CSF well above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting organism at all times. A retrospective review of GNM demonstrated that the mortality was lower after intraventricular than after systemic therapy. These data suggest that if careful attention is given to the pharmacokinetics of intraventricular therapy, this route may be a valuable adjunct to therapy for GNM in neonates. PMID- 7012247 TI - Single-dose ampicillin therapy for severe shigellosis in Bangladesh. AB - To evaluate a more economical regimen for severe shigella dysentery, treatment with single-dose (SD) ampicillin (100 mg/kg) was compared in a randomized trial with results obtained in a conventional five-day (100 mg/kg per 24 hr) multiple dose (MD) course. Clinical relapse occurred in one of 23 SD children, no SD or MD adults, and none of 18 MD children. Bacteriologic failures were observed in six of 26 adults compared with one of 24 MD adults (P = 0.05). Four of 10 SD children younger than four years of age failed bacteriologically, compared with one MD child. In SD children, lower ampicillin levels were significantly associated with bacteriologic failure and younger age. Resistance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, although transiently less in SD patients, was equal in MD and SD patients two weeks after therapy. Thus, in highly endemic areas SD ampicillin is clinically effective therapy for ampicillin-sensitive shigellosis in patients older than four years of age. PMID- 7012248 TI - The role of plasmids in adherence of invasive Escherichia coli to mammalian cells. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from persons with dysentery-like diarrheal disease were demonstrated to adhere to the surface of cultured HEp-2 (human epithelial) cells under conditions that removed nonpathogenic control bacteria and to cause hemagglutination of human red blood cells. The plasmid content of 13 stains surveyed was found to be variable with respect to resistance to antibiotics and the presence of small cryptic plasmids. Conjugal transfer to resistance plasmids from two of the clinical isolates to a number of nonpathogenic laboratory and field isolates of E. coli was not accompanied by transfer of the capacity either for specific interaction with cultured HEp-2 cells or for hemagglutination of human red blood cells. Furthermore, cured derivatives of the enteroinvasive strains retained positive reactions in the assay systems. PMID- 7012249 TI - Hepatitis B: its prevention by vaccine. PMID- 7012250 TI - Improving survival rates in renal transplantation. PMID- 7012251 TI - [Measurement of deep body temperature difference after open heart surgery: correlations with hemodynamics, endogenous catecholamine and renin activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012252 TI - [Changes of renin-angiotensin system during and after surface-induced deep hypothermia for open-heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012253 TI - [Formation of fluorapatite on the surface of tooth enamel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012255 TI - Fumigated mail. PMID- 7012254 TI - Impaired arterial collagen and elastin metabolism in experimental malignant hypertension. PMID- 7012257 TI - The effect of crowding on the maturation of gonads in pine voles, Microtus pinetorum. PMID- 7012256 TI - Sterol synthesis: a simple method for the isolation of zymosterol (5 alpha cholesta-8, 24-dien-3 beta-ol) from yeast and spectral properties of zymosterol. AB - A relatively simple method is described for the isolation of zymosterol (5 alpha cholesta-8, 24-dien-3 beta-ol) of high purity from baker's yeast. Also presented are detailed spectral properties, including 13C NMR spectral analyses, of zymosterol and its acetate derivative. PMID- 7012258 TI - Dexamethasone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7012259 TI - Conceptual representation of patient data bases. AB - Design of a computer-based assistant for patient data bases is discussed. A conceptual model for such an assistant, which can represent signs, symptoms, lab data, and radiological and morphological findings is described. The query language, interpretive reports, summary findings, and related issues in providing intelligent consultation are discussed. The role of such assistants in the context of a decision-making environment--human or automated--is emphasized. PMID- 7012260 TI - Importance of the episodic nature of luteinizing hormone secretion for normal development of the bovine testis during puberty: interference with oestradiol-17 beta. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the importance of episodic LH secretion during pubertal development in beef bulls. Testicular growth, LH secretory patterns and serum testosterone concentrations were monitored in control bulls, and bulls implanted with one or two oestradiol-filled capsules from 26 to 38 weeks of age. Control but not oestradiol-treated bulls showed normal testicular growth and episodic LH secretory patterns. Serum LH and testosterone responses of 38-week-old control and oestradiol-treated bulls to an intravenous challenge of 5 micrograms LH releasing hormone indicated normal pituitary responsiveness, but steroidogenic responsiveness had not yet developed in oestradiol-treated bulls. Removal of the capsules at 38 weeks of age resulted in a normal episodic release pattern for LH, with concomitant growth of the underdeveloped tests up to 44 weeks of age. Serum concentrations of LH and testosterone were within the range of normal, adult values by 42 weeks of age. These results suggest that oestradiol can interfere with episodic LH secretion and normal pubertal development in beef bulls, and furthermore that episodic LH secretion is commensurate with the establishment of normal development of the bovine testis during puberty. PMID- 7012261 TI - Progesterone and insulin-resistance: studies of progesterone action on glucose transport, lipogenesis and lipolysis in isolated fat cells of the female rat. AB - The effects of progesterone on isolated rat adipocytes were studied in vitro during various steps of glucose metabolism, transport, lipogenesis and lipolysis. Progesterone decreased the phosphorylation of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate as assessed by measuring the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose but it had no effect on transmembrane transport of glucose as determined by measuring the entry of 3-0 methylglucose into the cell. As glucose phosphorylation is a rate-limiting step of the pentose-phosphate pathway, these data could explain the inhibition of lipogenesis and the enhancement of lipolysis observed when progesterone is present in incubation medium. Progesterone might thus modulate a regulatory step of glucose metabolism and antagonize insulin action in the fat cell. PMID- 7012262 TI - Changes in responsiveness of dispersed pituitary cells to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone at different times of the oestrous cycle of the rat. AB - Dispersed pituitary cells obtained from female rats with regular oestrous cycles were suspended in Bio-Gel columns and perfused with pulses of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH). There was a close relationship between the amount of LH released and the concentration of LH-RH in the perfusate. It was not possible to elicit the priming effect of LH-RH, but the LH-response changed markedly during the oestrous cycle in a manner similar to that seen in vivo; i.e. the responses of cells prepared from rats killed at pro-oestrus were much greater than the responses of cells prepared from rats killed on other days of the cycle. A similar change in responsiveness was obtained when the columns were perfused with 60 mmol K+/1, suggesting that at least part of the increase in pituitary responsiveness that occurs at pro-oestrus is not dependent upon changes in specific receptors for LH-RH. PMID- 7012263 TI - A role for prostaglandins in decidualization of the rat uterus. AB - The deciduogenic action of various kinds of prostaglandin (PG), i.e. PGE1, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2, methylated prostaglandins (15-met-PGE1, 15-met-PGE2 and 15 met-PGF2 alpha), PGF2 alpha-13-dehydro analogues (13-DH-PGF2 alpha, ent-15-epi-13 DH-PGF2 alpha), endoperoxide analogues (15S)-hydroxy-9 alpha,11 alpha (epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z,13E-dienoic acid (U 44069) and (15S)-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z, 13E-dienoic acid (U 46619), and of the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid, has been demonstrated after intraluminal instillation of these compounds into the uterus of immature rats sensitized with progesterone alone. Under this minimal hormonal stimulation, in which a trauma (a scratch) of the endometrium is required to induce the decidual response, all these compounds elicited the formation of deciduomata, substantiating the suggestion that the scratch-induced decidual reaction is mediated through release of prostaglandin. Confirmation was obtained through the effect of indomethacin and cortisol, both of which decreased the decidual response brought on by a scratch or by arachidonic acid, whereas the effect of PGF2 alpha was decreased by indomethacin but not by cortisol. Histamine, thromboxane B2, and oleic, palmitic and homo-gamma-linolenic acids were not deciduogenic. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of indomethacin on deciduoma formation by instillation of oil into animals sensitized by progesterone plus oestradiol was also observed. The results support the proposal that the decidual reaction involves prostaglandins and we suggest that the deciduoma is a valuable model for studying the action of prostaglandin-related compounds. PMID- 7012264 TI - Radiographic and histologic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin on the periapical tissues of the cat. PMID- 7012265 TI - The influence of master cone adaptation on the quality of the apical seal. PMID- 7012266 TI - Dowel space preparation and apical leakage. PMID- 7012267 TI - A quantitative method for the analysis of human periapical inflammation. PMID- 7012268 TI - Current status of benzene teratology: a brief review. AB - This article summarizes the results of experimental studies on teratogenesis associated with exposure to benzene by oral, parenteral or inhalation routes. Administration of benzene to pregnant experimental animals did not produce marked developmental effects in the fetus at concentrations which did not cause concomitant maternal toxicity. Thus, at maternally nontoxic levels, benzene does not constitute a teratogenic hazard. PMID- 7012269 TI - The effects of short-term preservation on microvascular free groin flaps in rats. AB - Free groin flaps taken from rats were preserved by refrigeration at 4 degrees C in either lactated Ringers solution or tissue culture medium for various periods of time. The results indicate that a high survival rate can be expected at periods up to 72 hours, but there was no success in preserving flaps longer than 72 hours. These preliminary experimental findings suggest that, clinically, a high survival rate can be achieved in free flaps following excision from donor sites even if the microvascular transfer must be postponed for a period up to but not exceeding 48 hours. PMID- 7012270 TI - End-to-side anastomoses: a model and a technique with clinical application. AB - Recently, the advantages of end-to-side anastomoses in reconstructive microvascular surgery have been emphasized. This article describes a practical laboratory model for practicing end-to-side anastomoses and a simplified technique for suturing the posterior wall in such anastomoses. The left common iliac artery of a rat is transected and an end-to-side anastomosis with the right common iliac artery is performed. A single clamp is manipulated to present the posterior wall for suturing. PMID- 7012271 TI - Throat culturing techniques in the family practice model unit. PMID- 7012272 TI - Foreign bodies in the stomach and duodenum. PMID- 7012273 TI - Insect pathogenic properties of Serratia marcescens: phage-resistant mutants with a decreased resistance to Cecropia immunity and a decreased virulence to Drosophila. AB - A non-pigmented strain of Serratia marcescens (Db10) was isolated from moribund Drosophila flies. From this strain were isolated spontaneous mutants resistant to streptomycin (Db11) and nalidixic acid (Db12). Mutant Db11 was used for the isolation of two phages, phi J and phi K, which grew on Db10, Db11 and Db12, but not on three reference strains of S. marcescens. Mutant Db11 was demonstrated to fulfil koch's postulates. Strain Db10 and its antibiotic-resistant derivatives were lethal to Drosophila whether given in the food or by injection. Evidence for toxin(s) was found only in sterile supernatants from 7 d cultures. Such extracts contained proteolytic activity and inactivated the antibacterial activity in immune haemolymph from Cecropia. Phages phi J and phi K were used to isolate phage-resistant mutants of Db11. Three such mutants and their parental strain were investigated for their susceptibility to immune haemolymph from Cecropia. The parental strain was resistant to incubation with 90% haemolymph for 2 h at 37 degrees C; all phage-resistant mutants were susceptible to the immune haemolymph with "killing times" (i.e. the time required to kill 90% of the viable cells) ranging from 15 to 55 min. When the same strains were compared for their virulence to Drosophila, the phage-resistant mutants had significantly reduced virulence. It is concluded that resistance to insect immunity plays an important role in the overall pathogenicity of S. marcescens. PMID- 7012274 TI - Colicinogeny in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Colicin types, Ia, Ib, E1, E2, B with M, K, S4 and a new salmonellin-like colicin were found in 531 (11.8%) of 4481 wild-type cultures of Salmonella typhimurium. Colicin typing added little useful information to phage typing and biotyping in strain differentiation, mainly because the most common types, Ia and Ib, are controlled by conjugative plasmids. Evidence from the mixed-Col-/Col+ pattern of colicinogeny in circumscribed outbreaks caused by strains of known phage type and biotype suggested that some Col factors are readily acquired by S. typhimurium from other enteric species. When a Col factor of the nonconjugative type, e.g. ColE2, becomes established in strains of successful phage type/biotype line, it may be a useful additional marker character. PMID- 7012275 TI - Production of group C streptococcus phage-associated lysin and the preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes protoplast membranes. AB - Optimum conditions of pH, temperature and multiplicity of bacteriophage infection for the production of phage-associated lysin from Group C streptococci were defined. Lysin obtained by the optimum method was used to make protoplast membranes of Group A type 12 streptococci. These membranes consistently contained very low concentrations of rhamnose, indicating minimal cell wall contamination. The development of such a reproducible technique for the preparation of protoplast membranes will permit more meaningful studies on the involvement of these membranes in the pathogenesis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7012276 TI - Genetic recombination between Proteus mirabilis and Providencia alcalifaciens. AB - Chromosome transfer occurred in plate matings between Proteus mirabilis strain PM5006 and Providencia alcalifaciens strain P29 in either direction with the use of plasmid D or R772 as sex factor. Auxotrophic chromosomal markers of recipients were converted to prototrophy and the galactose fermentation marker of donor PM5006 could also be selected. Recombination frequencies for a group of selected markers in PM5006(D) x P29 matings varied between 3 x 10(-5) (trp+) and 1.2 x 10( 7) (lys+) per donor. In the reverse cross, plasmid D mobilized markers on the P29 chromosome randomly with a recombination frequency of about 1.7 x 10(-7) per donor for all selected P29 markers. R772 produced random mobilization of markers on both chromosomes yielding recombinants at a frequency of about 1.8 x 10(-7) per donor. Unselected markers separated by no more than about 10 min from selected markers on the PM5006 chromosome were cotransferred from P29 by both plasmids. Despite the low degree of DNA homology existing between the two species, all hybrids behaved as stable haploids. Progeny from P29(D or R772) x PM5006 auxotroph matings displayed similar sets of naturally occurring P29 unselected markers irrespective of the selected prototroph allele. In reverse crosses, a similar range of PM5006 naturally occurring unselected markers registered in P29 recipients, although differences existed in the sets of markers mediated by the two plasmids. Weak linkage was detected between PM5006 gal+ allele(s) and some P29 auxotroph markers. Adsorption of donor-specific phages 5006M or PL25 to hybrids could not be demonstrated and many recombinants failed to express some or all of the plasmid markers. PMID- 7012277 TI - Genetic regulation of isocitrate lyase activity in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7012278 TI - Panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: primary involvement of the cerebral white matter. AB - Eight necropsy cases of a "panencephalopathic" type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in the Japanese are reported. The reasons why this type should be discussed separately from other types of CJD are that there is primary involvement of the cerebral white matter as well as the cerebral cortex, and that the white matter lesion of one Japanese human brain with CJD similar to the present group has been successfully transmitted to experimental animals. PMID- 7012279 TI - Do patients with demyelinating disease have antibodies against human glial cells in their sera? AB - Cell-type-specific markers and indirect immunofluorescence were used to study immunoglobulin binding to glial cells in dissociated cell cultures of human foetal optic nerve, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in sera from patients with demyelinating diseases, other neurological diseases and normal controls. These various sera proved to be indistinguishable in that almost all of them contained immunoglobulin which bound weakly to all oligodendrocytes and fibroblasts, 5-25% of astrocytes and about 50% of Schwann cells. PMID- 7012280 TI - Quantitative examination of internodal length of remyelinated nerve fibres in the central nervous system. AB - The internodal length of remyelinated internodes was examined by observations on teased CNS nerve fibres following primary demyelination induced by intraspinal injections of lysolecithin into the white matter of cats. A remyelinated internode was identified as a thinly-myelinated internode, where a node of Ranvier was bounded by a thickly-myelinated internode on one side and a less thickly-myelinated internode on the other; as an internode of less than 100 microns in length or below 2 standard deviations from the normal regression line of internodal length against fibre diameter; as an internode joined to one of similar myelin sheath thickness which fulfilled either or both of the previous two criteria. Using the above criteria, remyelinated internodes were found to be shorter than normal; some were very short with no relationship to axon diameter while others were longer, falling within the predicted range for a given fibre diameter. This study illustrates that examination of teased CNS fibres in pathological situations can yield valuable information. However, sampling and technical difficulties are far greater than in comparable studies on peripheral nerve fibres. PMID- 7012282 TI - Epidemiologic study questioned. PMID- 7012281 TI - External monitoring of kidney transplant function using Tc-99m(Sn)DTPA. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an external counting technique to provide daily monitoring of kidney transplant function by measuring the renal clearance of Tc-99m(Sn)DTPA. During the first few weeks following transplant, 15 patients had their renal clearance of Tc-99m DTPA measured daily over periods of 5-24 hr. Clearance rates were compared with daily plasma creatinine levels, and the effects of diurnal variation, drug treatment, and physical activity noted. The results show that any significant fall in clearance rate of chelate, indicating a rejection episode, preceded a rise in plasma creatinine levels by at least 24 hr. One episode of transplant failure presented as a sudden deterioration in clearance rate of chelate; in the others the change was more gradual but was still apparent within hours. It is considered that this noninvasive, low-dose, easy-to-perform technique is of considerable value in extended daily monitoring of renal function and is superior to standard daily or twice-weekly renography for the early detection of transplant rejection. PMID- 7012284 TI - Clinical evaluation of tobramycin therapy in serious infections. PMID- 7012283 TI - Anders Jahre's medical prizes for 1980 (Bjorn Folkow, Fredrik Kiil, Jens F Rehfeld, Lars Terenius) PMID- 7012285 TI - [Immunofluorescent studies of chronic sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012286 TI - Experimental infection of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Seventy-six squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, caught in Guyana and French Guiana, were examined for their susceptibility to infection with a strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Twenty-nine serial transfers were performed, both in splenectomized and intact animals. After a period of "adaptation," the strain became more virulent for the squirrel monkey and high parasitemias were obtained in splenectomized animals. Frequently, such infections led to the death of infected animals. In intact squirrel monkeys, a consistent parasitemia was observed in most animals, but with a less regular pattern and a lower level of infection. Cultivation of infected erythrocytes from squirrel monkeys and human erythrocytes confirmed that the parasite had kept its infectivity for human cells after a long period of serial syringe-transfers in the squirrel monkey, and tht the virulence for the Saimiri remained unchanged after 1-mo, in vitro progagation in human erythrocytes. All erythrocytic forms of the schizogonic cycle were observed in the bloodstream, and there was a certain synchronicity of the cycle. Gametocytes were not detected in infected animals nor in in vitro cultures derived from a parasitized squirrel monkey. Our results indicate that all the squirrel monkey can be a useful host in the laboratory for studies on P. falciparum, and it may become more important as the supply of other species of monkeys diminishes. PMID- 7012287 TI - In vitro production of metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7012288 TI - Multiplication of Trypanosoma cruzi in a mouse myocardial cell line. PMID- 7012289 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi development is independent of protein digestion in the gut of Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 7012290 TI - Concanavalin A binding receptors on Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. PMID- 7012291 TI - Mobility of concanavalin A receptors in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7012292 TI - Isolation of bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi by a gradient of metrizamide. PMID- 7012293 TI - Comparison of techniques used for isolation of spores of Pleistophora ovariae (Microsporida). PMID- 7012294 TI - In vitro attraction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes by Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Boyden chambers were used to investigate the attraction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to T. vaginalis. Chemotaxis to live organisms was demonstrated, and chemotaxis to T. vaginalis supernatant was shown to be concentration dependent. Both chemokinesis and true chemotaxis characterized the response to supernatants. There was no chemotaxis to the supernatant after it had been heated to 60 C for 1 hr, or to the supernatant from formalin-fixed T. vaginalis. The chemotactic factor in the supernatant did not pass through a dialysis membrane. Protein was found in the supernatant of T. vaginalis suspensions. PMID- 7012295 TI - Standardization of FIAXtm for schistosomiasis using crude cercarial and adult worm antigens. AB - A fluoroimmunoassay (FIAXTM) has been developed for quantitating the antibody response to schistosomiasis by using cercarial and adult worm antigens of Schistosoma mansoni. The FIAXTM assay was calibrated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same antigens. Studies of reproducibility and preliminary data on a battery of sera from proven cases of schistosomiasis an uninfected control sera are presented. PMID- 7012297 TI - Orthodontic bonding--an overview. PMID- 7012296 TI - Infection of tissue culture cells with bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Infection of tissue culture ("Vero" and bovine embryo skeletal muscle cells) with bloodstream from of T. cruzi depends on an adequate serum concentration and a suitable parasite population. The percentages of infections of "Vero" cells obtained with inocula presenting about 90% (Y strain) and 2% (CL strain) of slender trypomastigotes wree 11.8 +/- 4.9% and 0.1%, respectively, strongly indicating that the presence of slender forms was essential for cell infection to occur. Nevertheless, other biological characteristics seem to influence the infectivity of bloodstream stages, because evidence was provided that slender forms of the CL strain were less infective to "Vero" and muscle cells that slender forms of the Y strain. PMID- 7012298 TI - [Chemical studies of biological macromolecular systems by the design and application of functional organic molecules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012299 TI - [Simple method of activity determination of digestive enzyme in gastrointestinal drugs. I. Proteolytic enzyme activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012300 TI - [Possible contribution of amino-acids in myocardium response to hypoxia (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present report is to review current knowledge on amino-acid metabolism during hypoxia in vivo and in vivo, mainly in the myocardium. We have first considered biochemical events occurring in muscles during anoxia either in facultative anaerobic invertebrates or in aerobic vertebrates. In the invertebrate muscle, simultaneous utilization of carbohydrate and amino acids in anoxia leads to ATP formation and accumulation of CO2, alanine and succinate. In aerobic species, ATP production in anoxic conditions is mostly or totally derived from glycolysis, lactate being the end product. Recent studies from various authors have suggested that amino acid utilization may be present in aerobic species exposed to hypoxia and contribute to energy production under these conditions. Experiments using the isolated rat heart preparation have demonstrated the accumulation of alanine and succinate in addition to that of lactate during short period of hypoxia (Fig. 8). The relative importance of these biochemical events in term of energy production is discussed. It is also postulated that the accumulation of alanine and succinate in the myocardium during hypoxia may be involved in other physiological processes. PMID- 7012301 TI - Cardioplegia: the protection of the myocardium during open heart surgery: a review. AB - Cold chemical cardioplegia is currently the method of choice for providing a still, relaxed and unobstructed operating field during open heart surgery. This procedure involves aortic cross clamping, with the resulting tissue ischemia being modified by coronary infusion of cold chemical solutions, together with the application of topical hypothermia. This paper defines some of the detrimental cellular changes which occur as a result of the induced ischemia, and considers the mechanisms by which cardioplegia can afford extensive protection. Three components of protection are defined and discussed: firstly, energy conservation through the rapid induction of diastolic arrest; secondly, slowing metabolic and degenerative processes through the use of hypothermia; thirdly, selective prevention or reversal of various unfavourable ischemic changes. On the basis of these three components, it is possible to derive a number of guide lines for the formulation and use of safe and effective cardioplegic solutions. PMID- 7012303 TI - Current concepts of lingual flange design. PMID- 7012302 TI - Energy metabolism during reperfusion following ischemia. AB - Insulin treatment of hearts during aerobic reperfusion following transient ischemia in the working rat heart preparation significantly improved the recovery of myocardial function. This improvement was reflected both by a shorter time required for the heart to resume beating, and to increase heart rate and peak systolic pressure after resumption of beating. The beneficial effects of insulin may be related to improved energy metabolism secondary to small increases in pyruvate production during the early phase of reperfusion. It was also associated with an increased rate of restoration of cellular K+. Pyruvate addition to the perfusate also improved resumption of spontaneous beating of the heart and restoration of normal rate and pressure development. This effect of pyruvate was also associated with increased cellular levels of K+. Both insulin and pyruvate may improve ATP production during the first few minutes of reperfusion when glycolysis and oxidation of fatty acids are inhibited, but ATP levels were not increased after 30 min of reperfusion. PMID- 7012304 TI - A study of the flexibility of wrought wire clasps. PMID- 7012305 TI - Current theories of crown contour, margin placement, and pontic design. AB - Crown contours which promote favorable tissue response follow these guidelines: (1) buccal and lingual contours are flat; (2) embrasure spaces should be open; (3) contacts should be high (incisal one third) and buccal to the central fossa (except between first and second molars); and (4) furcations should be "fluted" or barreled out." Margins should be supragingival where possible. The pontic design of choice is the modified ridge lap for posterior spaces and the ridge-lap facing for anterior spaces. PMID- 7012306 TI - Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part I: Anterior tooth visibility. AB - The visibility of anterior teeth was studied in a population of 425 subjects. Scoring photographic data gave the percentages of anterior teeth that would not show a crown margin if it were placed in incisal, middle, or gingival sections. The results of this study indicate: their anterior teeth which would not show unless the lips were retracted. PMID- 7012307 TI - The casting misfit: how to cope. PMID- 7012308 TI - Immediate fixed temporization utilizing extracted natural dentition. PMID- 7012309 TI - Adult palatal expansion prostheses. AB - The technical steps in the construction of two types of adult palatal expanders have been described. These prostheses are complex and require a special level of coordination between the professional team and the dental laboratory. The teamwork involved in the restoration of major maxillary defects contributes to the success of the prosthesis and makes the efforts involved worthwhile. PMID- 7012310 TI - Fabrication of a crown and fixed partial denture remount cast. AB - A technique has been described for fabricating an accurate working cast in which the finished crowns are easily removable. PMID- 7012311 TI - Technique for remounting removable partial dentures opposing maxillary complete dentures. AB - A technique for fabricating a removable partial denture remount cast has been described. This method requires no additional time with the patient and is easily accomplished in the office. PMID- 7012312 TI - Reproducing natural contours of teeth in metal. PMID- 7012313 TI - Adjustment of cast clasps for direct retention. PMID- 7012314 TI - Magnetic retention for complete and partial overdentures. Part I. PMID- 7012315 TI - An evaluation of 50 years of reconstructive dentistry. Part II: Effectiveness. PMID- 7012316 TI - Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part III: Attitudes of patients and dentists. AB - Attitudes of 396 subjects were surveyed concerning crown margin placement, and 112 dentists were surveyed regarding their treatment approach in respect to crown margin placement. The results of this study indicate that: 1. Routine subgingival margin placement of esthetic crowns may overtreat many patients. 2. Routine subgingival margin placement of esthetic crown is not always necessary. 3. Some patients may accept supragingival crown margins, even if they show. 4. A substantial group of patients may prefer optimum health potential over esthetics. 5. A thorough diagnosis should include analysis of patient's attitudes. PMID- 7012317 TI - The effect of repeated firings and strength on marginal distortion in two ceramometal systems. AB - 1. Segments of the margin with porcelain adjacent to them did not change more than those without porcelain. 2. The marginal opening in the specimen made from the higher strength metal increased more than those made from the lower strength metal. PMID- 7012319 TI - Tooth-supported telescope restorations. AB - Entirely tooth-supported removable dentures with telescope crowns may be considered a good alternative to a fixed restoration of the whole dental arch. They provide a rigid splinting and stable occlusion and offer a better safety factor owing to their removability and their lesser dependence on each single abutment. Also they are applicable when parallelism among the abutments does not permit making a fixed restoration. Furthermore they can be cemented in stages, decreasing the risk of washout later. Psychologically, they are well tolerated by patients. PMID- 7012318 TI - Distortion of ceramometal fixed partial dentures during the firing cycle. AB - 1. Distortion does occur in the body of curved, long-span fixed partial denture frameworks during the porcelain firing cycle. 2. This distortion is a result of changes in the metal as well as the contraction of fired porcelain. 3. The greatest distortional changes occur during the degassing stage and the final glaze stage of the porcelain firing cycle. 4. Distortion incurred by the application and firing of the porcelain is reversible. When the porcelain is chemically removed from the framework, there is an elastic rebound. 5. Distortion is clinically important in that it may lead to detectable marginal openings. 6. The distortion pattern observed in the curved fixed partial denture is a closing of the posterior or lingual dimensions and labial movement in the anterior dimension. This indicates the effect of the contracting porcelain on the metal framework. PMID- 7012320 TI - Semiadjustable instrumentation based on "anterior" guidance. PMID- 7012321 TI - Retention of cast crowns cemented to amalgam and composite resin cores. AB - An in vitro study was conducted to determine the tensile bond strength of complete cast gold restorations cemented with zinc phosphate cement on composite resin and amalgam crown cores. The samples were thermocycled and tested at 1 week, 1-month, and 3-month intervals. Results of the study showed that: (1) the amalgam core provides more retention for the cast gold crown than does the composite resin core and (2) the composite resin core provides increasing retention over a longer time period. PMID- 7012322 TI - Inner surface roughness of complete cast crowns made by centrifugal casting machines. AB - Six variables that could affect the surface roughness of a casting were investigated. The variables were (1) type of alloy, (2) mold temperature, (3) metal casting temperature, (4) casting machine, (5) sandblasting, and (6) location of each section. It was determined that the training portion of a complete cast crown had rougher surfaces than the leading portion. Higher mold and casting temperatures produced rougher castings, and this effect was more pronounced in the case of the base metal alloy. Sandblasting reduced the roughness, but produced scratched surfaces. Sandblasting had a more pronounced affect on the surface roughness of the base metal alloy cast either at a higher mold temperature or metal casting temperature. The morphology and the roughness profile of the original cast surface differed considerably with the type of alloy used. PMID- 7012324 TI - The complete denture reline: a simplified technique. PMID- 7012323 TI - A method of obtaining an epithelial attachment on an endosseous implant. AB - An attempt was made to obtain a soft-tissue seal around the neck of an endosseous implant using a section of root from another tooth in the oral cavity. Six implants were placed bilaterally in the mandibular first molar regions of three monkeys. Four of the six implants were lost during the experimental period. In at least three of the four situations, it was apparent that the animals had removed the implants despite chair restraint. On the basis of clinical evaluation of all implants and histologic examination of the two remaining implants, it was concluded that an epithelial attachment was not present. The absence of an attachment may have been caused by chronic inflammation around the implant wafer. While an epithelial attachment could not be demonstrated in this experiment, it is felt that the rationale for this research project remains valid. Several potential improvements in methodology are suggested. PMID- 7012325 TI - An intraoral coping technique for making impressions of multiple preparations. PMID- 7012327 TI - Accurately fitting trial denture bases. PMID- 7012326 TI - An easy method of trimming artificial teeth. PMID- 7012328 TI - A double blind trial of piracetam (UCB 6215) and placebo in cases of post-ECT cognitive deficiency. PMID- 7012329 TI - Urinary tract infection: current status. PMID- 7012331 TI - The Edinburgh Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Hospital. PMID- 7012330 TI - Binding of lectins to the cell surface of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7012332 TI - The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Part 2). PMID- 7012334 TI - Military medicine in the United Kingdom: similarities and differences with respect to the United States and other NATO allies. PMID- 7012333 TI - Cardiac surgery: an appraisal of the past 25 years. PMID- 7012335 TI - Effects of seminal constituents in leucocyte migration tests on infertile couples. AB - Leucocyte migration tests were performed with cells from both partners of infertile couples in the presence of seminal constituents from the male partners. Leucocytes from fertile women were used as controls. Homogenized spermatozoa inhibited leucocyte migration in 36.1% of women and 20.7% of men from infertile couples and in 18.4% of control women. In all groups, occasional stimulation of leucocyte migration was observed (8.3%, 3.4% and 2.6% respectively). Although both types of changes in migration when considered together were statistically more frequent in the group of infertile women it was not possible to distinguish, on the basis of this test, between fertile and supposedly infertile individual women. It is suggested, however, that an inhibitory effect induced by spermatozoa on the men's own leucocytes may be of diagnostic significance. In contrast to spermatozoa, seminal plasma caused inhibition of leucocyte migration in the majority of cases -- 88% of women and 71.9% of men from infertile couples and 77.8% of fertile women. Those patients whose semen lacked this inhibitory property are deserving of further study. PMID- 7012336 TI - Dysplasia during pregnancy: a cytologic follow-up study. AB - To clarify the characteristics of dysplasia in the pregnant state, 525 of 703 dysplasias in pregnant women recorded in the laboratory computer at the University of Chicago Lying-in Hospital during a ten-year period were selected for study through medical records. These materials were basically diagnosed by cytologic techniques. The regression rates of moderate and marked dysplasia within a six-month period after delivery seemed to be much higher than those of dysplasia in the general population. The progression rates of dysplasia to carcinoma in situ during pregnancy and after delivery were almost the same as those of dysplasia in the nonpregnant state, whereas the progression rate of dysplasia to invasive carcinoma after delivery (0.4%) was almost half that in the nonpregnant state (1%). With reference to the latent period during which dysplasia progressed to malignancy, dysplastic lesions during pregnancy, as compared to those in nongravid women, had a higher potential for progression. The number of dysplastic cells decreased with the course of pregnancy. The rates of metaplastic and keratinizing types of dysplasia were remarkably higher than those in the general population, and the rates of those types of dysplasias increased with the course of pregnancy. PMID- 7012337 TI - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in ovarian cancer patients: a chart review and survey of published data. AB - To evaluate the significance of plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with ovarian cancer, a chart review of such patients from May 1974 to August 1978 was undertaken, along with a literature survey in order to consolidate the data for analysis. The data indicate the CEA levels are consistently lower in ovarian cancer than in colorectal cancer and that the assay is not of value in the primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It may, however, be of prognostic significance in that advanced disease and undifferentiated tumors which carry the worst prognoses demonstrate elevated CEA levels with higher frequency. CEA levels may also be of value in assessing the response to therapy and in detecting recurrent disease. Patients who demonstrated good clinical responses to therapy showed a drop to low plasma CEA levels while patients with poor responses showed no decrease or a rise in CEA levels. Moreover, CEA rose again after a postoperative drop in patients with recurrent disease before they demonstrated clinical evidence of recurrence. The relationship of plasma levels to tissue levels of CEA and to histologic type of ovarian carcinoma remains unclear. PMID- 7012339 TI - Resistance of germfree mice to systemic candidosis. PMID- 7012340 TI - In memoriam. Edward A. Dunlop, 1919-1981: the plan and the man. PMID- 7012338 TI - Intrauterine contraceptive device failures in renal transplant patients. AB - Concern is voiced regarding sexually active renal transplant patients and their use of the IUD for contraception. Two patients of this type conceived while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The possible mechanisms of the IUD in preventing conception are mentioned. Immunosuppression may significantly alter these actions, thus allowing fertilization and implantation to occur. Alternate means of contraception are suggested in place of IUDs for these patients. PMID- 7012342 TI - Decreased numbers of monocytes in inflammatory exudates in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Rebuck skin windows and delayed hypersensitivity testing were performed on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with SLE had a decreased appearance of mononuclear/macrophage cells in the inflammatory exudate compared to patients with RA and normal controls. This abnormal response was unrelated to corticosteroid therapy, but appeared to correlate with activity of disease. Impaired ability to react to skin test antigens was also demonstrated in patients with SLE. The defective mononuclear/macrophage response in patients with SLE may contribute to the impaired cell-mediated immunity and increased susceptibility to infection which occur in this disorder. PMID- 7012344 TI - Alcohol and world view. A study of Passamaquoddy alcohol use. PMID- 7012343 TI - A controlled study of group counseling in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Group counseling and education were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were matched and randomly assigned to a control (CG) or experimental (EG) group. Each group attended an educational session but only the EG participated in 12 weekly group counseling sessions. A test of knowledge about RA and psychological tests were administered before and after these sessions. The EG improved their scores in 2 areas of self-concept and in factual knowledge. There was no increase in depression level. These results provide evidence that formal educational sessions and group counseling may be important in the management of patients with RA. PMID- 7012345 TI - Acculturation, alcoholism and Indian-style Alcoholics Anonymous. PMID- 7012346 TI - The history of North American Indian alcohol use as a community-based phenomenon. PMID- 7012347 TI - Firewater myths revisited. Reviewed of findings and some new directions. PMID- 7012348 TI - Culture of bloody amniotic fluid for chromosome analysis: an improved method. PMID- 7012349 TI - Clinical and biochemical features of Cushing's syndrome: Experience with twenty five patients. PMID- 7012350 TI - Reconstruction of skull defects. PMID- 7012351 TI - Medical school faculty and their libraries: an evaluative study. PMID- 7012352 TI - Impaired bacterial binding to peritoneal exudate cells from mice with alloxan induced diabetes. AB - Mice made diabetic by treatment with alloxan showed increased susceptibility to intraperitoneal injection of a rough strain of Salmonella typhimurium (SL 1099) expressing glucose as the terminal sugar of its core lipopolysaccharide. Peritoneal exudate cells from mice with alloxan induced diabetes were compared with those from control mice for binding and uptake of S. typhimurium. Cells from the diabetic mice bound fewer bacteria than those of non-diabetic mice. The implications of these findings are considered in relation to bacterial pathogenicity in diabetes. PMID- 7012353 TI - Age dependence of subpopulations and functions of human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - The eventual dependency of a series of immune parameters on age has been studied in a material of 288 normal persons, divided into 2 sexes and with 16 persons in each 5-year age interval between 5 and 95 years, using a cryobiological freezing and storage system for lymphocytes with subsequent testing in large series. Lymphocyte transformation responses were studied after stimulation with a series of mitogens and specific antigens (PHA, PWM, PPD, Con A, SA, EC, CA and SK/SD), as well as with allogene cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. Values were found to decrease with increasing age. No age-dependency could be demonstrated for T and B lymphocytes using rosette formation tests. There was no difference between the two sexes. Thus, increasing age does not change the distribution between T and B lymphocytes, but does lead to a decrease in the function of the cell-mediated response. PMID- 7012354 TI - A simple, rapid and sensitive assay for immune complexes using a Staphylococcus aureus immunoadsorbent. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive assay for immune complexes which does not require maintenance of cell lines or purification of proteins is described. The method consists of preferential precipitation of complexed immunoglobulin followed by binding to Staphylococcus aureus and detection by radiolabelled protein A. 3-6 microgram/ml of aggregated IgG can be readily detected in the presence of normal human serum. Soluble in vitro produced complexes can be detected over a very wide range from 4 to more than 100 fold excess of antigen over equivalence. Complexes were found in sera from patients with a range of autoimmune disorders or lung cancer. Fractionation of SLE serum showed the presence of two peaks of complex material of higher molecular weight than IgG. Interference by free immunoglobulin or antibodies to S. aureus has been discounted. Evidence is put forward for the presence of two or more binding sites for protein A on the IgG molecule. PMID- 7012355 TI - Bestatin, a new immunomodulator, enhances migration and phagocytosis of human granulocytes in vitro. AB - Bestatin, which is a chemically well-defined immunomodulator, was tested for its capacity to change certain functions of human granulocytes from healthy donors in vitro. Pretreatment of granulocytes with Bestatin enhanced their spontaneous migration as well as their migration in the presence of chemotactic stimuli. Moreover, Bestatin treatment augmented the ingestion of yeast particles but it did not change the oxidative metabolism of the cells as measured by their capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. PMID- 7012356 TI - A quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for serum immune complexes. AB - A sensitive, quantitative, non-complement dependent enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIA) for human serum immune complexes has been developed utilizing the L1210 murine leukemia cell and peroxidase-conjugated anti-IgG. At end-point O dianisidine dihydrochloride method was developed which detects as little as 16.45 x 10(-5) purpurogallin units of horse radish peroxidase. The L1210 ELIA requires only five microliters of serum and reproducibly quantitates as little as 55 nanograms of an artificial immune complex standard (heat aggregated IgG). The validity of using aggregated IgG as a standard was demonstrated by the fact that it produced a dose dependent inhibition of binding of a known immune complex (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase) to the L1210 cells whereas monomeric IgG showed no inhibition. Results of the L1210 ELIA are similar to those of the L1210 radioimmune assay (RIA) which we have previously reported. There was no significant difference in mean immune complex levels between the ELIA and the RIA when serums from normal healthy blood donors were tested. A strong correlation (rs equals +0.787) of immune complex levels as determined by the ELIA and the RIA was found in 17 serum samples from patients with disease associated with elevated levels of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7012358 TI - Bergen County's poet-physicians. PMID- 7012357 TI - An assay for antigen-antibody complexes in human sera using C1q-enzyme conjugates. AB - An assay for soluble immune complexes employing enzyme-C1q conjugates is described. The method is sensitive, rapid and precise, and should prove suitable for monitoring patients. The test gave positive results for complexes in normal pregnant women and indicated significantly increased levels in subjects with pre eclampsia. PMID- 7012359 TI - Pasteur. PMID- 7012360 TI - "Punch cures the gout". PMID- 7012361 TI - One micrometre paraffin sections: an aid to interpretation of immunoperoxidase staining of immunoglobulins. AB - A technique is described for obtaining 1 micron sections of tissue embedded in modified paraffin wax using long-edged glass knives. Serial sections can be cut and stained by the immunoperoxidase method to demonstrate multiple antigens in a single cell or to confirm that the immunoglobulin within a cell is monotypic. The improved cytological detail seen in thin paraffin sections permits the more precise localization of intracellular staining. PMID- 7012362 TI - A simple aid in the evaluation of glass knives. AB - This report describes a compact, portable, self-contained light-box for the qualitative inspection of glass knives under a microscope. It obviates the need for elaborate illumination and viewing facilities in the microtomy laboratory when the ultramicrotome is not itself equipped with knife-inspection devices. PMID- 7012363 TI - Description of a coverslip holder for, and observations on, the critical point drying of cell cultures. AB - The elimination of artefact during the preparation of cell cultures for scanning electron microscopy is difficult. Collapse of cellular projections, cytoplasmic cracks, perforations and fracturing of cell-cell processes and cell-substrate attachments occur during fixation, dehydration and critical point drying. Coating and storage may cause further artefact. A specimen holder which serves to minimize turbulence in the critical point dryer and which allows for the simultaneous processing of up to five coverslips, as well as a reproducible technique for the preparation of cell cultures are described. PMID- 7012364 TI - Cryofixation of monolayer cell cultures for freeze-fracturing without chemical pre-treatments. AB - A cryofixation method is presented which gives excellent ultrastructural preservation of monolayer cell cultures without any chemical pretreatments. Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were used in this study. The equipment needed is inexpensive and easy to manufacture. Cells are grown on a usual tissue culture support material (Thermanox plastic sheets). For cryofixation, samples are prepared essentially by a combined sandwich-cryogen-jet technique, 3 mm large discs are punched out and sandwiched with Cu- or Au-object holders of little mass; a 15 micrometer spacer is put in between. The viability of the cells is not impaired by the manipulations before freezing. The sandwich sample is quickly frozen by shooting a propane jet from a simple pressure chamber on to the metal object holder. The relevant parameters were optimized by parallel freeze-fracture analyses of 5% glycerol as a model system and by thermocouple measurements. Sandwich samples are then mounted in an appropriate double replication specimen table for further analysis by freeze-fracturing. It is possible to obtain a certain selectivity of the fracture plane with regard to apical, lateral or basal aspects of the cell layer. Alternatively, disc samples can be processed by chemical fixation methods (including freeze substitution to determine the freeze fracture plane), since the support material Thermanox is insensitive to organic solvents and easy to cut. In each case the cells remain attached to their substratum throughout the whole procedure. Thus, the ultrastructural data can be directly correlated with parallel functional analyses obtained from the same cell cultures. PMID- 7012365 TI - The design and use of a simple device for rapid quench-freezing of biological samples. AB - The detailed design of a simple device for rapid quench-freezing of biological samples under reproducible conditions is presented. With spring-augmented descent, sample immersion velocity of 10 m s-1 into a cryogenic liquid is achieved. Biological samples, loaded in Balzers planchets, Denton holders, or a newly designed 'titanium envelope', are suitable for rapid-freezing with this device. Using 4 micrometers titanium foil, light weight (1 mg) streamlined holders can easily be made to enclose cell suspensions or tissue samples. The foil envelope is designed for efficient heat dissipation while protecting the sample from possible impact or flow distortions occurring from spring-augmented immersion. Human erythrocytes, quench-frozen in the titanium envelope, were prepared for electron microscopy by the freeze-substitution technique. Two opposing 25--30 micrometers surface zones were frozen in the apparent absence of ice. The extended depth of cryofixation is attributed to the advantages of thin foil in the titanium envelope design and the use of rapid-immersion technique. PMID- 7012366 TI - The suitability of various adhesives as mounting media for scanning electron microscopy. I. Epoxies, sprays and tapes. AB - Fifty-six relatively commonly used epoxies, sprays and tapes have been tested with respect to properties that are, or may be, important if they were to be used as scanning electron microscopy sample mounting adhesives. Recommendations are made as to the most appropriate adhesive for each type of mounting media. PMID- 7012368 TI - The use of spectroscopic film for fluorescence microscopy. AB - A spectroscopic film, Eastman Kodak 103a-F, is particularly suited to the photography of fluorescent specimens in the microscope, especially when the light emitted is dim, or high magnification is needed. PMID- 7012367 TI - The microscopes of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. AB - The seventeenth-century Dutch microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, was the first man to make a protracted study of microscopical objects, and, unlike his contemporary Robert Hooke, he viewed by transmitted light. Leeuwenhoek made over 500 of his own, curious, simple microscopes, but now only nine are known to exist. The exact nature of the lenses Leeuwenhoek made, has for long been a puzzle. The existing microscopes have now been examined in detail, and their optical characteristics measured and tabulated. It is proposed that the lens of highest magnification, x 266, was made using a special blown bubble technique. PMID- 7012369 TI - A new approach to the study of the E. coli nucleoid. AB - E. coli were examined by the freeze-fracture thaw-fix technique, embedded in thin fibrin gels. After glutaraldehyde fixation the bacterial nucleoid was found spread out over the surrounding fibrin. Addition of calcium and uranyl acetate to the fixative preserved the nucleoid in compact form. The spread nucleoid was then examined against a smooth mica background after freeze-thaw and osmotic lysis. These spreads were critical-point dried, rotary shadowed with platinum-carbon and viewed as stereo-pair micrographs. Structures seen are tentatively interpreted as clusters of polyribosomes, extended DNA, and supercoiled DNA complexed with proteins or polyamines. After osmotic lysis, glutaraldehyde alone preserves the nucleoid in compact form. Only where strands are broken, in freeze-fracture or freeze-thaw lysis, must uranyl acetate be added to the fixative to preserve a compact structure. PMID- 7012370 TI - Morphometric studies on mouse bone using a computer-based image-analysis system. AB - The morphological structure of the ilium, femur, third lumbar vertebra and a central caudal vertebra of the female CBA mouse has been studied using 5 micrometer thick, plastic embedded, transverse and longitudinal sections. The sections were analysed on a Quantimet 720, system 30, image analyser connected on line to a PDP11 computer. Separate endosteal and periosteal surface to volume ratios were calculated for each position of sampling in each bone. For this calculation the anisotrophy of the bone was estimated from measurements of mean chord lengths in longitudinal sections of the bone using a new analytical technique. Chord length distributions in transverse sections of bone were also measured and the relevance of such measurements to the study of morphological changes in the bone and its included marrow are briefly discussed. PMID- 7012371 TI - The use of various buffers in the preparation of human lymphocytes for SEM observation. AB - A study is presented of various buffers utilized in the preparation of human lymphocytes for scanning electron microscopy. Of nineteen different buffers tested, Hanks' balanced salt solution +0.04 mol sucrose appeared most adequate for satisfactory preservation of lymphocyte surface architecture. PMID- 7012372 TI - The use of a computerized algorithm to determine single cardiac cell volumes. AB - Single cardiac muscles cell volume data have been difficult to obtain, especially because the shape of a cell is quite complex. With the aid of a surface reconstruction method, a cell volume estimation algorithm has been developed that can be used on serial of cells. The cell surface is reconstructed by means of triangular tiles so that the cell is represented as a polyhedron. When this algorithm was tested on computer generated surfaces of a known volume, the difference was less than 1.6%. Serial sections of two phantoms of a known volume were also reconstructed and a comparison of the mathematically derived volumes and the computed volume estimations gave a per cent difference of between 2.8% and 4.1%. Finally cell volumes derived using conventional methods and volumes calculated using the algorithm were compared. The mean atrial muscle cell volume derived using conventional methods was 7752.7 +/- 644.7 micrometers3, while the mean computerized algorithm estimated atrial muscle cell volume was 7110.6 +/- 625.5 micrometers3. For AV bundle cells the mean cell volume obtained by conventional methods was 484.4 +/- 88.8 micrometers3 and the volume derived from the computer algorithm was 506.0 +/- 78.5 micrometers3. The differences between the volumes calculated using conventional methods and the algorithm were not significantly different. PMID- 7012373 TI - On the relative efficiencies of alternative ratio estimators for morphometric analysis of cell membrane surface features. AB - For morphometric analysis of desmosomes, synapses and other membrane surface features, estimating component densities on a reference surface (the membrane with which they are associated) often provides a useful practical alternative to estimating densities in a reference volume (the tissue in which they are enclosed). The present report assesses the relative efficiencies of these two approaches. In particular, the efficiencies of stereological estimators for component numerical density on a surface (NS) and in a volume (NV) are compared, together with those for the surface densities SS and SV. For this purpose, a morphometric model developed for characterizing desmosomes in human forearm skin was quantified by point and intersection counting. The efficiencies of the alternative ratio estimators were evaluated by comparing their coefficients of variation obtained on samples of equivalent size and having a similar overall analysis time. Various types of bias influencing the results are also discussed. The results demonstrate that estimators of component densities on a surface are superior to those of densities in a volume when studying epidermal desmosomes. For a given size of sample they offer a smaller coefficient of variation. In other words, they are more efficient. They may be even more advantageous in other experimental situations. PMID- 7012374 TI - Maturation of ribosomal precursor RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A mutant with a defect in both the transport and terminal processing of the 20 S species. PMID- 7012375 TI - Structure of glycolate oxidase from spinach at a resolution of 5.5 A. PMID- 7012376 TI - Design modifications of the ramus frame implant. PMID- 7012377 TI - Tuber blades. PMID- 7012378 TI - Freeze-dried bone allografts in endosseous implant defects. A preliminary report of two re-opened cases. PMID- 7012379 TI - Influence of 6 alpha-methylprednisolone 21-sodium succinate on the pituitary, adrenal glands, and the gastrointestinal tract in rats. (Comparative toxicity study with hydrocortisone 21-sodium succinate). AB - A comparative toxicity study with 6 alpha-methylprednisolone 21-sodium succinate (MPS) and hydrocortisone 21-sodium succinate (HCS) was carried out on male rats of the Wistar strain. MPS and HCS were administered intravenously to rats in dose levels of 20 or 100 mg/kg/day for 14 days. There were no significant differences in the pituitary weights in MPS and HCS groups, but weight of the adrenal glands decreased with increasing dose levels of MPS and HCS. Histopathological examination of MPS and HCS treated rats revealed atrophy of the zona fasiculata in the adrenal cortex which correlated with dose levels. The decline of serum corticosterone levels in rats correlated with increasing dose levels of MPS and HCS. It can be concluded that the inhibitory effect of MPS on the pituitary adrenal system in rats was the same as HCS. No ulceration was observed in the gastro-intestinal tract of MPS of HCS treated rats. PMID- 7012380 TI - Intra-abdominal packing for control of hepatic hemorrhage: a reappraisal. AB - Presently available techniques for control of hepatic hemorrhage in patients with extensive parenchymal injuries include direct suture, topical hemostatic agents, hepatotomy or resectional debridement with selective vascular ligation, lobectomy, and selective hepatic artery ligation. In many trauma centers the placement of intra-abdominal packing for hepatic tamponade has been an infrequently used technique in recent years. From 1 July 1978 to 1 September 1980, ten patients with continued hepatic parenchymal oozing following all attempts at surgical control of extensive injuries were treated by the insertion of intra-abdominal packing around the liver as a last desperate maneuver. Packing was removed at relaparotomy in four patients and through abdominal drain sites in five patients. Nine of ten patients survived, and there were no instances of rebleeding following removal of the packing. Four patients developed postoperative perihepatic collections and two of the four patients underwent reoperation for drainage. Based on the recent experience at the Ben Taub General Hospital, intra-abdominal packing for control of exsanguinating hepatic hemorrhage appears to be a lifesaving maneuver in highly selected patients in whom coagulopathies, hypothermia, and acidosis make further surgical efforts likely to increase hemorrhage. PMID- 7012381 TI - Low-temperature embedding procedures applied to chloroplasts. PMID- 7012383 TI - Urinary diversion and undiversion in children. PMID- 7012384 TI - Frequent falsely negative renal vein renin tests in unilateral renal parenchymal disease. AB - A retrospective analysis of 12 hypertensive patients with unilateral renal parenchymal disease was done to evaluate the roles of renal vein renin testing and an operation. The patients were considered to have renal parenchymal disease on the basis of radiographic and/or pathologic findings. Only 2 patients had positive renal vein renin studies. Both of these patients were improved after unilateral nephrectomy but 1 had subsequent progression of disease and renal failure. Of the 10 patients with negative studies 5 had unilateral nephrectomy: 4 of them, nevertheless, experienced substantial improvement in the hypertension. It is concluded that hypertensive patients with unilateral renal parenchymal disease often can benefit from an operation and that renal vein renin testing in such patients can be misleading. PMID- 7012382 TI - Genetic analysis of gene 1.2 of bacteriophage T7: isolation of a mutant of Escherichia coli unable to support the growth of T7 gene 1.2 mutants. AB - The product of gene 1.2 of bacteriophage T7 is not required for the growth of T7 in wild-type Escherichia coli since deletion mutants lacking the entire gene 1.2 grow normally (Studier et al., J. Mol. Biol. 135:917-937, 1979). By using a T7 strain lacking gene 1.2, we have isolated a mutant of E. coli that was unable to support the growth of both point and deletion mutants defective in gene 1.2. The mutation, optA1, was located at approximately 3.6 min on the E. coli linkage map in the interval between dapD and tonA; optA1 was 92% cotransducible with dapD. By using the optA1 mutant, we have isolated six gene 1.2 point mutants of T7, all of which mapped between positions 15 and 16 on the T7 genetic map. These mutations have also been characterized by DNA sequence analysis, E. coli optA1 cells infected with T7 gene 1.2 mutants were defective in T7 DNA replication; early RNA and protein synthesis proceeded normally. The defect in T7 DNA replication is manifested by a premature cessation of DNA synthesis and degradation of the newly synthesized DNA. The defect was not observed in E. coli opt+ cells infected with T7 gene 1.2 mutants or in E. coli optA1 cells infected with wild-type T7 phage. PMID- 7012385 TI - European experience with 1-stage urethroplasty with free full thickness skin graft. AB - A series of 57, 1-stage urethroplasties with a free full thickness skin graft is reported. Results were good in 90 per cent of the cases, fair in 2 per cent and bad in 8 per cent. The bad results were noted in elderly men, suggesting that decreased viability of the surrounding tissues is a contraindication to this type of operation. PMID- 7012388 TI - Coccidioidomycosis vaccine trial planned with 3,000 volunteers. PMID- 7012386 TI - The detection of a local prostatic immunologic response to bacterial prostatitis. AB - Although local antibody responses at bronchial, pulmonary and intestinal surfaces have been studied previously a similar response from the prostatic surface has never been described. This investigation demonstrates a distinct local antibody response in the prostatic fluid of 2 patients with bacterial prostatitis. Levels of antigen-specific and total non-specific immunoglobulins A and G were measured at intervals during and following infection for at least 2 years. These studies show that local prostatic immunologic responses are independent of serum responses and specific for the infecting organism. Furthermore, local secretory immunoglobulin A is the predominant immunoglobulin involved in the response to prostatic infection. Serum antigen-specific antibody and total serum or prostatic fluid immunoglobulin measurements are in adequate reflections of the prostatic immune response. PMID- 7012387 TI - Current status of dental amalgam. PMID- 7012389 TI - From the NIH: Insulin and human growth hormone: triumphs in genetic engineering. PMID- 7012390 TI - Dr Theodore de Mayerne. PMID- 7012391 TI - Humoralism and social development in Colonial America. PMID- 7012392 TI - Pretibial rash in Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. AB - Legionella pneumophila pneumonia developed in a 46-year-old man, 23 days after receiving a cadaveric renal homograft. A painful, nonpruritic, macular, erythematous rash limited to the pretibial surfaces of both legs appeared on the fifth day of illness. Fever, pneumonia, and rash resolved in association with erythromycin lactobionate therapy. PMID- 7012393 TI - Periosteal reaction of the femur in an infant with fever. PMID- 7012394 TI - [Successful pulmonary gas exchange using a loudspeaker-ventilator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012397 TI - [Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXIX]. PMID- 7012396 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCV]. PMID- 7012395 TI - [Effect of long term anesthesia and surgery on endocrine function in anesthesiologists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012399 TI - [Intravenous radionuclide voiding cystography--a useful screening and follow-up test in recurrent urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012398 TI - Prospective study on the treatment of mild hypertension in the aged. AB - The 4 year prospective trial on the effectiveness of the antihypertensive treatment was performed in 100 mild hypertensive patients of the aged, the average age being 76.1 years. Dropouts during the drug-off control period were 9 cases. The matched pair group was selected by the age, sex, and blood pressure. Forty-four drug treated cases and 47 placebo treated cases were comparable in blood pressure as well as in laboratory data. Cerebrovascular and cardiac complications were observed in 4 cases or 10.5% in the drug group, and in 9 cases or 22.0% in the placebo group. When 8 cases of blood pressure elevation over 200/110 mmHg in the placebo group were added to the cardiovascular complications, dropouts in placebo group reached 41.5%, and this showed the significant difference. Other complications were observed in 12 cases or 31.6% in the drug group and in 17 cases or 41.5% in the placebo group. Major complications were cancers, infections, and bone or joint diseases. Blood pressure was decreased from 171/87 to 151/80 in the drug group, and the average decrease was 20/7 mmHg in 4 year period. No significant changes in hematocrit, serum protein, urea nitrogen, uric acid, sodium, and potassium were observed during the trial period. The present study suggested that antihypertensive treatment was effective in the aged with mild hypertension, and that careful follow up was needed not only for cardiovascular complications but also for general health condition. PMID- 7012400 TI - [Clinical significance of the lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012402 TI - [On a visit with two computerized electrocardiography systems in the USA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012401 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in mesenchymal scleroderma and progressive systemic sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012403 TI - [Application of chemical technology in ME (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012404 TI - [Development of an artificial beta cell system and its clinical application--a program with self-adjusting parameters]. PMID- 7012405 TI - [Alteration in plasma catecholamines during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and cold pressure test in normal subjects and essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012406 TI - [The idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood: immunologic and clinicopathologic correlations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012407 TI - [The study of in vitro guinea pig complement fixation test on human glomerulonephritis cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012408 TI - [Comparative effects of ancrod, urokinase and heparin on intraglomerular coagulation induced by progressive Masugi nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012409 TI - The role of gastric glucagon immunoreactivity in pancreatectomized dogs. AB - Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) or glucagon immunoreactivity is known to be increased in the plasma of insulin-deprived pancreatectomized dogs, most of it originating in the stomach. We attempted to clarify the extent to which gastric IRG is involved in glycogenolysis in the liver of insulin-deprived, pancreatectomized dogs. Mongrel dogs underwent total pancreatectomy. IRG levels in portal vein blood increased to 760 +/- 186 pg/ml on the 4th postoperative day while the insulin levels were negligible. On the 4th postoperative day some of the dogs underwent total gastrectomy. IRG levels in the portal vein blood of pancreatectomized dogs decreased from 760 +/- 186 pg/ml to 135 +/- 44 pg/ml one hour after gastrectomy. Glucose containing insulin was then infused into both pancreatectomized and pancreatectomized-gastrectomized grups of dogs. Glycogen synthesis in the liver during glucose and insulin infusion was much the same in both groups. However, glycogen degradation after glucose and insulin infusion was completely suppressed in pancreatectomized dogs without a stomach while pancreatectomized dogs alone showed marked glycogenolysis in the liver. No difference in portal IRI and blood sugar level was found in both groups while a marked difference in portal IRG were observed. These findings indicate that the IRG released from the stomach plays a significant role i glycogen metabolism in pancreatectomized dogs. PMID- 7012410 TI - Occurrence of ANTI-AHLG in renal transplant patients on AHLG (anti-human lymphocyte globulin). AB - Two patients with kidney transplants were prescribed anti-human lymphocyte gamma globulin (AHLG) as an adjunct immunosuppressive treatment. AHLG was prepared from cultured human lymphocytes an antigen and successive anti-AHLG levels were measured using passive hemagglutination tests during and after the AHLG treatment. Anti-AHLG levels began to increase after 10-14 days of daily AHLG administration. Thereafter, the levels tends to decrease transiently by the further administration of AHLG. The titer rose again after the discontinuation of AHLG administration reaching a plateau which continued for a considerable length of time. Pretreatment levels were reverted after more than three months. The anti sheep RBC Ab and anti-horse RBC Ab levels followed the same pattern as that seen with anti-AHLG Ab. The anti-AHLG Ab proved to be specific anti-horse gamma globulin Ab. Alterations in the anti-AHLG levels can thus be used to monitor the optimal dosage and period of administration as well as to predict the anaphylactic reaction due to AHLG treatment. Keeping the anti-AHLG level low is mandatory to maintain good immunosuppressive conditions yet avoid anaphylactic reactions. PMID- 7012411 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition in chickens immunized with Eimeria tenella. PMID- 7012412 TI - Use of an analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha (ONO-1052) in cows with luteinized ovarian cysts following treatment with an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (TAP-031) and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine solution. PMID- 7012413 TI - Characterization of citrate-utilizing (Cit) ability of citrate-positive Escherichia coli variants: stability and transferability of citrate utilization among Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella strains. PMID- 7012414 TI - Therapeutic effects of an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (Des Gly10-LH-RH-ethylamide) on cows with cystic ovary. PMID- 7012415 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of papillary mitral insufficiency in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7012416 TI - [Monographs and collections of proceedings in cardiology]. PMID- 7012417 TI - [Potentials and prospects of universal controlled catheterization in the diagnosis of heart and vascular diseases]. AB - The results of the clinical use of the Medi-Tech universal controlled catheterization system for angiography and the Soviet [formula; see text] design are discussed. The examination was conducted 394 times on a total of 262 patients whose ages ranged from 4 1/2 to 79 years. The high efficacy (97.2%)of the use of a controlled catheter in catheterization of the cavities of the heart and pulmonary artery is shown. It is noted that the controlled system has great possibilities in carrying out complex selective and superselective contrast studies of th vessels and in catheterization of aortopulmonary and subclavian pulmonary anastomoses in tetrad of Fallot through a venous approach. The advantages of the universal controlled catheter in study conducted for many purposes are emphasized. PMID- 7012418 TI - Treatment of end-stage renal disease in children: a 15-year experience. AB - From 1964-1979, 154 children 1 to 16 years of age with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were treated in a regional pediatric dialysis and transplant program. The incidence of ESRD was 1.6 per million total population per year. The survival rate of children undergoing dialysis for an average of 10 months was 93%. After living donor kidney transplantation (LD), patients survival rates in 60 children were 89% at 5 years, 83% at 10 years, and 74% at 15 years. After cadaver donor kidney transplantation (CD), patient survival rates in 85 children were 70% at 5 and 10 years. LD kidney survival was 71% at 5 years, 55% at 10 years, and 40% at 15 years, whereas CD kidney survival was 43% at 5 years and 31% at 10 years. The survival of first and second transplants was similar. Patient and kidney survival have improved since 1972. The survival rate of 26 children 1 to 5 years of age was 46%, but patients with Wilms' tumor accounted for most of the deaths. We attribute these favorable long-term results in children to an integrated program of dialysis and transplantation with special pediatric facilities. PMID- 7012419 TI - Cessation of immunosuppressive therapy after successful transplantation: a national survey. AB - A retrospective survey of 165 United States renal transplant units identified 48 patients who had discontinued all immunosuppressive therapy (IT). Sixteen had received cadaveric and 32 had received living-related grafts. The interval from transplantation to cessation of medication was similar in both groups and did not correlate with the outcome. Of 16 cadaveric grafts, 9 failed ("delta" serum creatinine concentration of greater than or equal to 5 mg/dl) within a mean of 59 days; 3 patients maintained stable renal function for 244, 395, and 425 days, respectively. Of the 32 related grafts, 12 failed within a mean of 234 days. Of the 20 related grafts that did not fail, 5 had stable function for greater than or equal to 1 year and 6 for greater than or equal to 3 years after cessation of IT. Our data demonstrate that at no point after transplantation is it prudent to stop all IT barring serious drug toxicity. Also, in patients who stop IT surreptitiously and in whom renal function remains normal, reinstitution of therapy is indicated within 1 year and is advisable as long as 3 years after cessation; those few patients who do well without IT for greater than 3 years may not need further treatment. PMID- 7012420 TI - Resetting of tubuloglomerular feedback in rat kidneys after unilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 7012421 TI - Pathogenesis of distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 7012422 TI - Antibody-coating of bacteria in the urine in relation to various immunologic indexes. AB - Little is known about the immunologic aspects of antibody coating, though the test for determining antibody-coated bacteria in urine has been examined for its diagnostic uses by many authors after its inauguration in 1974. In adults with chronic pyelonephritis with and without antibody-coated bacteria in the urine, we tested whether bacterial coating is correlated with the homologous O-antibody titre in the urine. We also determined Ig levels in urine and serum, as well as homologous O-antibody titres in serum. By means of indirect immunofluorescence technique, we were able to show homologous O-antibodies in the urine of all patients with and without antibody-coated bacteria. IgG and IgA levels in urine were mostly raised, as were often the O-antibody titres in the serum. There were no significant differences in the immunologic parameters within the patient groups with or without antibody-coating. The presence of homologous O-antibodies in urine does not therefore necessarily lead to coating of the bacteria. PMID- 7012424 TI - [Aseptic method and the microsurgical technic of creating large intestine anastomoses]. PMID- 7012423 TI - Prostaglandins and Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7012425 TI - [Surgical treatment of posttraumatic insufficiency of the anal sphincter]. PMID- 7012426 TI - [Perforation of the sigmoid by a fish bone with the formation of an inflammatory infiltrate]. PMID- 7012427 TI - [Method of aponeuroplasty in inguinal hernias]. PMID- 7012429 TI - [Nikolai Konstantinovich Sudzilovskii-Russel' (on the 130th anniversary of his birth and the 50th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 7012428 TI - [Surgical treatment technic in umbilical hernias]. PMID- 7012430 TI - [Portrait of Ignat Mikhailovich Matiashin]. PMID- 7012431 TI - [Surgical treatment method in large inguinal hernias with a significant defect of the medial inguinal canal]. PMID- 7012432 TI - [N. I. Pirogov's health at different ages and his last disease]. PMID- 7012433 TI - [Polish ophthalmological historiography]. PMID- 7012434 TI - [Bone marrow failure with plasmocytosis in a diabetic child (author's transl)]. AB - After three years of insulin treatment for diabetes mellitus a 12 year old girl developed lethal bone marrow failure. Significance of marked marrow plasmocytosis and the relationship to the bone marrow changes in adult diabetics are discussed. PMID- 7012435 TI - Limulus amebocyte lysate test for endotoxemia: investigations with a femtogram sensitive spectrophotometric assay. AB - The question of specificity of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test in the diagnosis of endotoxemia has been a limiting factor of its clinical application. Using a femtogram-sensitive spectrophotometric LAL assay 35 of 36 septic postoperative patients showed an excellent correlation (almost 100%) between positive LAL tests and culture-proven gram-negative bacteremia. Twenty patients of this group demonstrated a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between elevated total white blood cell counts and Escherichia coli Endotoxin equivalents (EcEe). All 22 liver cirrhotic patients with potentially enteric endotoxemia yielded LAL positive reactions (100%) but 9 of 22 correlated significantly as to leucocytosis and elevated EcEe (2 p < 0.01). A significant correlation between EcEe and leucocyte counts was found for all neonates and all parturients respectively (2 p < 0.001), 2 p < 0.01). In vitro tests showed that leucocytes gave positive LAL tests. Supernates of a Ficoll sedimented crude leucocyte preparations, induced LAL positivity in a dose dependent manner, while all reagents per se used in the preparation, were negative. This study suggests that heat-labile factors from leucocytes apart from endotoxin are responsible for positive LAL reactions. PMID- 7012436 TI - Effect of indomethacin on blood pressure in rats with renovascular hypertension: dependence on plasma renin activity. AB - The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (3.4 mg/kg/24 hr) on systolic blood pressure (PB) and plasma-renin-activity (PRA) was evaluated in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats receiving either a normal or low salt diet. Indomethacin reduced PRA in normal and hypertensive animals on both low and normal salt intake. Indomethacin furthermore, decreased BP in animals on low sodium diet but increased PB in sodium repleted rats. These data suggest that the effect of indomethacin on rat BP may depend on the state of extracellular volume and PRA. PMID- 7012437 TI - Effect of adenosine on the long-term maintenance of insulin release in cultured islets. PMID- 7012438 TI - Growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium containing soluble starch: evaluation by generation time and morphological observation. AB - A stimulatory effect of soluble starch on the growth of M. lepraemurium in vitro cell-free culture system has been noted. In this medium bacteria elongated gradually without manifesting any significant peak in elongation as has been noted in NC-5 medium. The maximum average elongation of bacteria was 2.84 mu on the 24th day in NCS-5 medium. In contrast, in NC-5 bacteria elongated maximum on the 6th day (2.32 mu). All the stages of bacterial cell division were noted. Hypothesis has been suggested for continuous multiplication of M. lepraemurium in NCS-5 medium. PMID- 7012439 TI - A relationship between the length of bacilli and the log phase of growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. AB - A relationship between the early phase of growth of M. lepraemurium in vitro in NC-5/ND-5 media and elongation of bacteria has been noted. The doubling time in NC-5 is 3.06 days whereas it is 1.97 days in ND-5 medium. In ND-5 medium, M. lepraemurium elongates earlier to that in NC-5. Furthermore, in ND-5 the peaks in elongation of bacteria are more frequently noted than in NC-5 medium. Morphological observations have shown all stages of bacterial cell-division. At later stages of cultivation (21st and 24th day) M. lepraemurium often shows terminal swelling in ND-5 medium which also revealed stages of cell-division. PMID- 7012440 TI - Attempt to induce immune-tolerance to M. Leprae in mice. PMID- 7012441 TI - Pathologic changes in striated muscles in leprosy. AB - Eighteen muscle biopsies from male adult patients of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy were studied. BI in the biopsies ranged from 1 + to 3+. There was conspicuous absence of granuloma except for a collection of foamy histiocytes in intermysial region and on two occasions in the intermysial nerve endings in LL patients. At places solid staining bacilli were seen in normal looking muscles. None of the biopsies showed loss of muscle striations, fatty change, sarcolemmal changes, fibrosis and necrosis. Hyaline change was seen in two specimens only. Details of these are discussed in this paper. PMID- 7012442 TI - BCG induced immunity to Mycobacterium leprae in mice. AB - One to three BCG vaccinations were given to various groups of mice--25 to 2 days preceding challenge with Myco. leprae. Harvesting of Myco. leprae was done every month upto a period of 7 months. Lymph node enlargement was taken as an indicator of successful vaccination. An increasing degree of protection was noted in BCG immunised mice as observed by a reduced number of bacilli harvested. Protection afforded was proportional to the number of doses of BCG given. PMID- 7012443 TI - Assessment of Dharmendra antigen. (IV) Antigenic analysis of lepromins. AB - In order to pinpoint the active portion of the skin antigens including Dharmendra and other lepromins, a study was carried out by subjecting the antigens to electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic analysis. These analyses identified two components, anionic and cationic, in lepromin sonicates. The anionic component was stainable with a protein strain, whereas cationic component formed precipitin arcs on immunoelectrophoresis with sera from lepromatous leprosy patients. BCG sonicate could also be resolved into two similar components. The cationic component of BCG apparently a glycoprotein, cross reacted with cationic component of lepromin and also showed a reaction of identity in gel diffusion. The specificity of anionic (proteinaceous) component of lepromin remains to be established. PMID- 7012445 TI - Digestive enzymes of cattle. PMID- 7012444 TI - Towards a vaccine against leprosy. PMID- 7012446 TI - The influence of ultra speed cutting instruments and coolants on in vitro intrapulpal temperature changes during cavity preparation. PMID- 7012447 TI - Case report: Antemortem diagnosis of disseminated aspergillosis by nasal scraping. PMID- 7012448 TI - Oncology Grand Rounds: recent trends in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. PMID- 7012449 TI - Endogenous and exogenous proteolysis of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. AB - Purified acetylcholine receptor reconstituted into liposomes catalyzes carbamylcholine-dependent ion flux [10]. An endogenous protease activated by Ca2+ gives rise to an acrylamide gel pattern of the receptor with the 40,000-dalton subunit apparently as the major component. Exogenous proteases nick the proteins so extensively that the acrylamide gel pattern reveals polypeptides of 20,000 daltons or less. In either case the receptor sediments at 9S, indicating that the polypeptide chains remain associated. Moreover, the nicked receptors bind alpha bungarotoxin and catalyze carbamylcholine-dependent ion flux after reconstitution. PMID- 7012450 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation and protease activity by cartilage factors and heparin. AB - Proliferating rat smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts have membrane-associated protease activity. High concentrations of heparin inhibited membrane-associated protease activity and cell proliferation, while low concentration of heparin promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation. The inhibition of protease activity and proliferation was abolished when heparin was treated with protamine sulfate or when acid treated fetal calf serum was used. Heparin required the presence of an acid labile factor(s) in serum for the inhibition of protease activity and proliferation. Heparin and antithrombin III in the presence of acid-treated fetal calf serum did not inhibit cell proliferation or protease activity. Cartilage factors isolated from bovine nasal cartilage containing trypsin inhibitory activity, but not papain inhibitory activity, inhibited rat smooth muscle and fibroblast proliferation and surface associated protease activity. The cartilage factors did not require acid-labile components in the fetal calf serum for the inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity due to heparin and cartilage factors was not permanent under our experimental condition. Protein synthesis was not inhibited by heparin or the cartilage factors. In rat smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, the expression of surface-associated protease activity was related to the proliferative state of the cells. Surface protease activity was only present on proliferating cells. When surface protease activity was inhibited by high concentrations of heparin in the presence of an acid-labile serum component(s) or cartilage factors, cell proliferation was also inhibited. PMID- 7012451 TI - Catalytic activities associated with the enzymes II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. AB - The phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Escherichia coli is a multifunctional, multicomponent enzyme system. Its primary functions deal with carbon source acquisition, while its secondary functions are concerned with the regulation of bacterial physiology. The primary functions of the system include 1) extracellular detection, 2) unidirectional and exchange transmembrane transport, and 3) phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent and sugar phosphate-dependent phosphorylation of the sugar substrates of the system. The secondary functions include 1) regulation of the activities of adenylate cyclase and various non-PTS permeases and 2) regulation of the induced synthesis of several PTS enzymes. Both the primary and secondary functions appear to be elicited by the binding of a sugar substrate to an Enzyme II complex. One of these integral transmembrane enzymes, the mannitol Enzyme II (IImtl), has been solubilized with detergent, purified to homogeneity, and reconstituted in an artificial membrane system. The molecular weight of this protein, IImtl, is 60,000 daltons. It possesses an extracellular sugar binding site and distinct intracellular combining sites for sugar phosphate and phospho-HPr. An essential sulfhydryl group and an antibody combining site are localized to the cytoplasmic surface of the enzyme, while a dextran combining site is localized to the external surface. Preliminary experiments suggest that the different functions of the Enzyme IImtl can be dissected by genetic and biochemical techniques. These studies emphasize the functional complexity of the PTS and its integral membrane protein constituents. PMID- 7012452 TI - The in vitro synthesis and processing of the branched-chain amino acid binding proteins. AB - The synthesis of the leucine-specific and LIV-binding proteins was examined in vitro in a coupled transcription/translation system using the hybrid plasmids pOX7 and pOX13 as templates. Plasmid pOX7 contains the livK gene coding for the leucine-specific binding protein and pOX13 contains the livJ gene coding for the LIV-binding protein. Both binding proteins were synthesized in vitro as precursor forms with molecular weights approximately 2,500 greater than their respective mature forms. Conversion of the precursor forms to their mature forms occurred during post-translational incubation following synthesis in the presence of membrane. The precursor of the LIV-binding protein was processed more rapidly than the leucine-specific binding protein precursor. Processing activity could be removed from the in vitro synthesis system by centrifugation, suggesting that the processing activity was membrane associated. Restoration of post-translational processing activity was achieved by adding inside-out membrane vesicles to membrane-depleted reaction mixtures. PMID- 7012453 TI - Dimensional rearrangement of rod-shaped bacteria following nutritional shift-up. II. Experiments with Escherichia coli B/r. PMID- 7012454 TI - Stanley Kent and accessory atrioventricular connections. PMID- 7012455 TI - Intraoperative placement of Swan-Ganz catheter via the left innominate vein. PMID- 7012456 TI - Automatic recognition of nervous structures by image analysis. A pattern recognition method applied to the study of mouse cerebellum. AB - An automatic image pattern analysis method based on differential densitometry is presented. It is applied to histological sections of mouse cerebellum. This method allows an automatic recognition of any cerebellar microscopic field. After recognition, histological images are decomposed into homogeneous parts with respect to cerebellar cellular layers, and both densitometric patterns and partial areas of each of these layers are estimated. This method is accurate to within 94% for a learning sample and 75% for a test sample. This score can be improved by adjunct algorithms presently under study. PMID- 7012459 TI - Contributions of the basic sciences to successful clinical application of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7012460 TI - Series on pharmacology in practice. 9. Glucocorticoids in rheumatic disease. AB - Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents that play an important role in the therapy of many patients with connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyalgia rheumatica, various types of vasculitis, and complications of rheumatoid arthritis. Glucocorticoids reduce the number and influence the function of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils in peripheral blood. Prolonged high doses of glucocorticoids result in decreased levels of immunoglobulins, particularly IgG. Granulocytes are increased in the peripheral blood, but their migration to sites of inflammation is diminished. Glucocorticoids inhibit release of lysosomal enzymes. Although they have no effect on the factor or factors that initiate inflammation, glucocorticoids have proved to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory manifestations of disease. Among significant adverse effects of glucocorticoid therapy are osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of bone, and steroid myopathy. PMID- 7012458 TI - Meningomyelocele and parental commitment: a policy proposal regarding selection for treatment. PMID- 7012457 TI - An analysis of exercise as a stimulus for the production of airway obstruction. PMID- 7012463 TI - Toward the understanding of anorexia nervosa as a disease entity. AB - Five major areas in the study of anorexia nervosa have been defined: the descriptive area (1868-1914), the pituitary era (1914-1940), the era of rediscovery of the illness (1930-1961), the psychoanalytic era (1940-1967), and the modern era (1961- ). The illness as a biopsychosocial entity has been delineated. An integrated view of the disorder, recognizing multiple factor interaction in a vulnerable person, and an individualized approach to treatment, are proposed. PMID- 7012462 TI - Adrenocortical steroids--then and now. PMID- 7012465 TI - A tide in the life of a drug. PMID- 7012464 TI - Series on pharmacology in practice. 10. Antithrombotic therapy: role of platelet inhibitor drugs. III. Management of arterial thromboembolic and atherosclerotic disease (third of three parts). AB - As already mentioned in the first two parts of this series, the evidence that platelets play an important role in arterial thromboembolic and atherosclerotic disease has led to numerous studies designed to test the possible efficacy of platelet-inhibiting drugs in various cardiovascular conditions in animals and in humans. Although the number of such published studies today probably exceeds 500, for practicality we comment only on those large prospective trials in humans that have followed the strict criteria of drug trials. We specifically refer to patients with valvular heart disease and prosthetic heart valves, patients with cerebrovascular disease, and patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7012461 TI - Dominic J. Corrigan (1802-1880) and his description of the pericardial knock. PMID- 7012466 TI - Capitation payment for medicaid pharmacy services: impact on non-medicaid prescriptions. AB - Although pharmacy organizations have been instrumental in the movement to repeal antisubstitution laws, there is evidence that under the current fee-for-service system pharmacists have not exercised their newly obtained prerogatives freely. A previous study has demonstrated that paying pharmacists on a capitation basis for their Medicaid patients effects a highly significant increase in the rate of generic substitution. The present study was conducted to determine whether the pharmacists' newly acquired generic substitution habits "spill over" from Medicaid prescriptions as a result of capitation reimbursement. The results indicate that pharmacists who participated in the capitation experiment for the Medicaid drug program significantly increased their rate of generic substitution on non-Medicaid prescriptions. It was concluded that the same pharmacies that increased their substitution rate in the Medicaid program under capitation also increased their substitution rate on non-Medicaid prescriptions. Finally, generic substitutions in both the Medicaid and non-Medicaid studies generally involved the same labelers as well as drugs in the same therapeutic categories and with the same generic classifications. PMID- 7012467 TI - [Assessment of the immune state in a surgical miliev. Comparison of 2 methods : multipuncture or intradermal reaction?]. PMID- 7012468 TI - [Immunopathological tests in liver diseases]. PMID- 7012469 TI - [Familial and hereditary mesangial glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits (author's transl)]. AB - Idiopathic mesangial glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits was observed in two relatives, father and son, in a family of 5 members. In the father the disease started at age 43 with relapsing macroscopic hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure and hypertension, with a progressive course in the ensuing four years. The affected son, the oldest of three brothers, developed relapsing macroscopic hematuria at age 16; two years later renal function was normal and there was no hypertension, but microhematuria persisted without proteinuria. The mother and the other two brothers had no clinical or biological signs of renal disease. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and complement (C3, C4, C3 proactivator) were normal in the patients and their relatives. Histocompatibility typing demonstrated the presence of HLA-Bw35 in the father and the two unaffected sons, being negative in the mother and the affected son. The analysis of HLA-Bw35 in 23 patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis gave positive results in 30% of them, while the control group had a positivity of 15% (p non significant with the X2 test). The present observations suggest that IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis is a potentially familial and hereditary renal disease. HLA Bw35 antigen appears not to be a genetic marker of the disease in our geographical area. PMID- 7012470 TI - [Comparative double-blind study of the analgesic activity of fosfosal (UR-1521) in patients with musculoskeletal and articular pain (author's transl)]. AB - Fosfosal or 2-phosphonoxybenzoic acid is a new analgesic drug, whose analgesic activity and side effects have been determined in a double blind clinical study in comparison with placebo. The study has been done with 60 outpatients, of both sexes, which suffered musculoskeletal and arthritic pains. Patients were treated with fosfosal or placebo for eight days. The daily dose of fosfosal was 1 gram three times a day, once every 6-8 hours. The results obtained show that fosfosal has a clear analgesic activity, statistically significant versus placebo in all the parameters that were measured: pain severity, activity impairment and insomnia. The overall evaluation of the group of patients treated with fosfosal showed a marked improvement with a difference statistically significant with respect to the control group treated with placebo (p less than 0.001). The distribution of results in the fosfosal treated group was as follows: poor, 1; regular, 8; good, 10 and excellent, 6. The distribution in the placebo group was as follows: poor, 15; regular, 3; good, 2 and excellent, 0. The marked analgesic activity, the absence of side effects and the excellent gastric tolerance suggest that fosfosal is a promising new analgesic drug useful for the treatment of painful syndromes of several etiologies. PMID- 7012471 TI - [Comparative study of different serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of brucellosis is frequently a difficult one, and it is founded basically on the results of blood cultures and serological tests. Wright's classical agglutination test is commonly utilized in the serological diagnosis of brucellosis and its value is well established in the acute forms of the disease; for the diagnosis of subacute or chronic forms, however, a Coombs test must be performed to show incomplete antibodies. The agglutination carried out with serum treated with 2-mercaptoethanol allows the determination of the type of immunoglobulins present. Indirect immunofluorescence has been infrequently utilized in the diagnosis of brucellosis. The first three tests have been compared with indirect immunofluorescence using sera from 100 patients presenting with fever of unknown origin. All tests were negative in 40 sera, and of the 60 remaining sera only 32 were positive to all four tests. The highest titers were found with the Coombs test, while immunofluorescence yielded titers which were never above 1/320. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the tests. The best correlation was obtained between immunofluorescence and 2 mercaptoethanol, followed by immunofluorescence and Coombs, and by immunofluorescence and agglutination. Only immunofluorescence titers above 1/80 corresponded to the same of superior titers in the remaining tests; thus immunofluorescence titers below 1/80 can not be considered as diagnostic of the disease. The authors believe that immunofluorescence to 1/80 can be utilized as a quick routine test for the diagnosis of brucellosis, its disadvantages being a high cost and the requirement for an immunofluorescence microscope which may not be available in many laboratories. PMID- 7012473 TI - Health conditions of immigrant Jews on the lower East Side of New York: 1880 1914. PMID- 7012474 TI - Richard Surflet, translator and practitioner in physic. PMID- 7012472 TI - [Legionella pneumophila and Legionella-like agents. Current classification]. PMID- 7012475 TI - SemmelWeis and his predecessors. PMID- 7012476 TI - Mold poisoning: an unrecognized English health problem, 1550-1800. PMID- 7012477 TI - Gustave Alexandre Lietard, orientalist and physician. PMID- 7012478 TI - Hippocrates the iatromechanist. PMID- 7012479 TI - Knappers' rot. Silicosis in East Anglian flint-knappers. PMID- 7012480 TI - Gestation of the clinic. PMID- 7012481 TI - Robert Willan and his kinsmen. PMID- 7012482 TI - The Royal Infirmary and Old Glasgow. PMID- 7012483 TI - The early Scottish microscopes. PMID- 7012484 TI - Sir George Beatson and the Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital. PMID- 7012485 TI - The history of the chemical detection of poisons. PMID- 7012486 TI - [Endoscopic knee surgery]. PMID- 7012488 TI - [Injection pistol for a single insulin syringe, able to be contrived in a hospital]. PMID- 7012487 TI - [Clinical trial of a new contrast media. Double contrast study of the esophagus and stomach]. PMID- 7012489 TI - [Route of infection of the biliary tract: experimental evidence for an enterohepaticobiliary bacterial cycle (author's transl)]. AB - Suspensions of Escherichia coli bacteria were injected into the colon of ten mongrel dogs. Primarily, the cystic duct and the distal choledochal duct had been ligated. Choledochal bile was continuously collected with a ductal catheter. The bacteria could be cultured from the portal vein blood, the liver, and the gallbladder wall 5 h after injection, but not from choledochal or gallbladder bile. Suspensions of tritiated Escherichia coli bacteria were injected into the portal vein of another 20 mongrel dogs. Now the bacteria could be cultured from the liver, the gallbladder wall, the choledochal and the gallbladder bile 10 min after injection. Elevated radioactivity counts could be found in the tissue and bile samples. In the liver and gallbladder wall, the tritiated bacteria could be seen in phagocytes and capillary ducts by autoradiography. We conclude that there is an enterohepaticobiliary bacterial cycle which could explain the pathogenesis of infections in biliary tract diseases. PMID- 7012491 TI - [Prosthetic replacement of the trachea by synthetics (author's transl)]. AB - Long tracheostenosis especially when sharing the mediastinum should be treated by a team of ENT- and thoracic surgeons. In 14 cases we achieved good functional results by transverse resection and anastomosis of the trachea. Plastic surgery of the trachea is limited by the etiology and the length of the shared tracheo bronchial area. Neville (1976) has experiences in prosthetic replacement by synthetics in 26 cases. In 4 cases of special and cautiously placed indication we used Neville-prosthesis. The indications, the problems and the results are reported. PMID- 7012490 TI - [Detection of antitumor-antibodies in patients with tonsillar carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - 48 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil were tested for autologous and allogeneic antitumor-antibodies directed against squamous cell carcinoma cells. The use of autologous serum avoids the need of absorption. Antibodies detected at the time of tumor extirpation could also be used to label their specific antigen of cells from swabs of the oral cavity. Such a surface fluoreszens appeared in 5 patients between 3 and 6 months before recurrency and could be followed during the whole course of disease. Besides very low amounts of antibodies of the IgA- and IgM-class the main portion was IgG. While these antibodies reacted in a similar degree with allogeneic tonsillar carcinomas cross reaction with other allogeneic tumor cells (bladder--kidney carcinoma) could not be detected. PMID- 7012492 TI - Immunosuppression and the development of malignancies of the upper airway and related structures. AB - In the general population, 90% of the malignancies developing in the upper respiratory tract are squamous cell carcinomas. Analysis of 1081 neoplasms in 1023 renal transplant patients reported to the Denver Transplant Tumor Registry indicates that squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant malignancy which develops in the upper respiratory tract of immunosuppressed individuals. Comparing the incidence of cancers of the oral cavity (excluding lip cancers) in the immunosuppressed population with the general population it is rather similar (3.5% vs. 4%). When lip cancers are included, one sees a great excess of tumors developing in transplant patients (15% vs. 4.6%). Thus the excess of head an neck epithelial malignancies among these patients is confined to neoplasms of the lip. Examination of the 25 patients reported in this study reveals an unusually young age of the patients, the average age being 41.8 years compared with the general population where most head an neck tumors occur in the 55-65 age group. The average time post-transplantation when cancer developed was 5.3 years, supporting the concept that the more effective the immunosuppressive regimen for prevention of graft rejection, the greater the susceptibility for the development of cancer. Since 90% of transplant patients have serological or clinical evidence of active herpes virus infection, it is possible that this microorganism may play a role in the development of certain head and neck malignancies, especially those involving the lips. PMID- 7012493 TI - Perilymph fistulas. AB - A perilymph fistula is an abnormal communication between the fluids surrounding the membranous labyrinth and the middle ear space. Because of the potential hazards of meningitis, permanent hearing loss, and occasionally incapacitating vestibular symptoms, early recognition and prompt repair of the perilymph leak is important. One hundred thirty three cases of perilymph fistulas are presented, stressing the clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management of patients with this otologic entity. The historical and contemporary literature on this subject is reviewed. A pathophysiological basis for perilymph fistula formation is presented, based upon certain anatomic, physiologic and mechanical principles involving the temporal bone and surrounding structures. For the purpose of publication, the Materials and Methods and Evaluation sections of the paper have been omitted. These are available from the author upon request in mimeographed form. The interested reader may wish to refer to items 80 and 133 in the Bibliography, previous publications by the author in which the bulk of the data used in the omitted sections can be found. PMID- 7012494 TI - Dressings for split thickness skin graft donor sites. PMID- 7012495 TI - [Relevance of immunofluorescence microscopy for diagnosis and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (author's transl)]. AB - 109 patients with hepatitis B infections had 162 biopsies of the liver. The specimens obtained were investigated microscopically; at the same time existence and pattern of distribution of HBs and HBc antigens were looked for by immunofluorescence microscopy. In cases with a histologically established diagnosis of chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) the following patterns could be found: (a) focal occurrence of HBc in all cases, (b) pure cytoplasmatic HBs fluorescence (HBs type I), (c) pronounced HBs fluorescence at the cell membrane (HBs type II), or (d) pronounced HBs fluorescence at the cell membrane combined with cytoplasmatic HBs fluorescence in focal areas (HBs type III). The 3 HBs types could be associated with different clinical courses of CAH. A pure cytoplasmatic HBs fluorescence without HBc fluorescence could be found in about two thirds of the cases, which had been diagnosed as chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) established by the first microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen. All cases deviating from this pattern could be classified at a later date as CAH also by histological criteria. In 25% of the cases the clinical course was protracted, the histological diagnosis having been at first: residual changes after acute hepatitis; in these cases the pattern of distribution of virus antigens in the biopsy specimen did allow already at an early date the diagnosis of CAH or CPH; this diagnosis could be confirmed by control biopsy and conventional microscopic examination in all these cases at a later date. PMID- 7012496 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system in acute hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (A.II) were measured radioimmunologically in 31 patients suffering from acute virus hepatitis during the course of the disease. Average PRA and A II values did not differ from values of normal persons, neither during the acute phase of the disease nor during the recovery phase though there were deviations from the normal in single cases. PRA and A II were correlated significantly (r = 0,86, p < 0,001), but there was no correlation to the levels of transaminases. There was no indication, that A II plasma levels were lowered because of increased activity of angiotensinases. In some cases PRA and A II were elevated; this however was probably due to increased renin secretion following changes in water and electrolyte balance rather than to decreased hepatic metabolism of renin. PMID- 7012497 TI - [Infection in patients with hepatic coma (author's transl)]. AB - 66 patients with hepatic coma were treated from 1972 to 1979 in the intensive care unit. Incidence and etiology of bacterial infections in these patients were evaluated retrospectively. Bacterial cultures were positive in a high proportion of the cases investigated as compared to the situation on a normal ward. Bacterial cultures were performed in 51 patients (77.3%); cultures from 35 patients were positive. Gramnegative bacteria accounted for 56.4%, grampositive bacteria for 34.8% and candida albicans for 8.8% of all the cases. It is pointed out, that invasive diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvers in intensive care patients carry a high risk of infection. PMID- 7012498 TI - The immunogenicity of killed mycobacteria. PMID- 7012499 TI - Preliminary immunological studies in search of correlates of protective immunity carried out on some Iranian leprosy patients and their families. PMID- 7012500 TI - Dapsone-resistant leprosy in a population of Bamako (Mali). PMID- 7012501 TI - Assaying dapsone in mouse diets. PMID- 7012502 TI - Quantitative study of the separation of Mycobacterium leprae from armadillo tissue. PMID- 7012503 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of healthy and etched enamel]. PMID- 7012504 TI - [Usefulness of the cavity liner and penetration of the residual acid after etching]. PMID- 7012505 TI - [Autoradiographic study of the penetration of labelled phosphoric acid in normal human tooth enamel]. PMID- 7012507 TI - [Caries - abrasion - dimension. Prehistoric teeth]. PMID- 7012506 TI - [Contribution of the scanning electron microscope in the study of enamel etching. Clinical and biological aspects]. PMID- 7012508 TI - Pharmacology at Iowa 1920-1980. PMID- 7012509 TI - Effects of captopril, diuretic, and their combination in low-renin essential hypertension. PMID- 7012511 TI - Selective reduction by dexamethasone of stress-related hyperphagias. PMID- 7012510 TI - Urinary excretion of radiolabelled norepinephrine after release from renal sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7012512 TI - Culturing of non-brain cells in the brain ventricles. PMID- 7012513 TI - Ribosome turnover in rat brain and liver. PMID- 7012514 TI - Inhibition of the action of sex steroids by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: a new biological effect. PMID- 7012515 TI - Maternal meal quality alters fetal rat brain serotonin concentrations. PMID- 7012516 TI - Inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from rat brain and of thermolysin by amino acid hydroxamates. PMID- 7012517 TI - Ethanol-induced inhibitions of testicular steroidogenesis in the male rat: mechanisms of actions. PMID- 7012520 TI - The identification of an invertebrate acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7012518 TI - Role of ribonucleotide reductase in expression in the neoplastic program. PMID- 7012519 TI - Lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption is mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 7012522 TI - Computer assisted bacterial identification. PMID- 7012523 TI - Data handling in clinical microbiology. PMID- 7012521 TI - Metabolism of sterols by anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Anaerobically grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae retained the ability to transfer a C1-group to the C-24 position of a delta 24(25)-sterol and to reduce the delta 25(28)-bond of a 24-methylenesterol. Both desmosterol and 24-methylenecholesterol yielded 24 beta-methylcholesterol. However, when the substituent at C-24 was enlarged to a 24-ethylidene group (fucosterol), reduction of the delta 24(28) bond did not occur. In no cases was a delta 7- or a delta 22-bond introduced. Because the delta 24(28)-bond was reduced in the absence of the delta 22-bond, the delta 22-bond is not an obligatory requirement for reduction. PMID- 7012525 TI - Sample preparation of cytological cell suspensions for E.M. PMID- 7012524 TI - Computers and transplantation. PMID- 7012526 TI - Standard microtitre plate for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 7012527 TI - [Level of metabolic sodium, body water and central hemodynamic indices in hypertension in women]. PMID- 7012528 TI - Mental health services and legislation--an historical review. PMID- 7012529 TI - [The modern history of gout as competition between theory and research]. PMID- 7012530 TI - [Metaphysics in the epistemology of K. Popper]. PMID- 7012532 TI - [Metaphysics and the sciences: Lakatos and Laudan]. PMID- 7012531 TI - [Theories on arteriosclerosis from 1850 to 1980. History and epistemology]. PMID- 7012533 TI - [Vitalism and mechanism in the controversy over spontaneous generation]. PMID- 7012534 TI - [The problem of the physician's clinical errors in the 19th century. Malpractice in the relationship between jurisprudence and medicine]. PMID- 7012535 TI - [Resorption of exogenous insulin]. PMID- 7012536 TI - [Jean Riolan, the Younger, on his 400th birthday (1580-1657)]. PMID- 7012538 TI - [The post-synthesis changes in proteins with special reference to the formation of glycohemoglobin in diabetes of the aged]. PMID- 7012537 TI - [Somatic and psychosocial therapy concepts in multiple sclerosis (I)]. PMID- 7012539 TI - [The Oscar C. Croxatto lecture]. PMID- 7012540 TI - Hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis: a review. PMID- 7012541 TI - Computer-assisted Bayesian diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7012542 TI - Inhibition of lactose transport in E. coli by N-ethylmaleimide-beta-galactoside, N-ethylsuccinimide-beta-galactoside and N-ethylmaleimide. AB - N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibits lactose uptake in E. coli by reacting with the M protein component of the lac permease system. In an attempt to estimate the distance between the NEM reactive site and the substrate binding site, we have synthesized a beta-galactoside with NEM as the aglycon moiety (NEM-gal). NEM-gal was a more effective inhibitor of lactose transport than was NEM. Part of the inhibition by NEM-gal was caused by competition with lactose for the substrate binding site. To estimate this part of the inhibition, we synthesized the saturated and thus the unreactive N-ethylsuccinimide (NES) analog of NEM-gal. Nes gal was a competitive inhibitor of lactose uptake. The remainder of the inhibition by NEM-gal followed first-order kinetics with the same rate constant as NEM. In addition, the protective effect of thiodigalactoside against the inhibition of transport by NEM was also observed against irreversible inhibition by NEM-gal. We suggest that the reactivity of NEM was unaltered by bringing it near the beta-galactoside binding site by way of covalent attachment to galactose. We conclude that the distance between the NEM reactive site and the position of the glycosidic oxygen of beta-galactosides bound to the lactose site is greater than 8 A. PMID- 7012543 TI - Kinetic features of cotransport mechanisms under isotope exchange conditions. AB - The mechanisms of carrier-mediated cotransport across biological membranes can be divided into those with ordered and those with random sequences of substrate binding to and debinding from the carrier. When the membrane is considered a symmetry plane, the sequence of substrate binding and debinding of ordered mechanisms can exhibited either of two symmetries: mirror or glide. The carrier mediated cotransport of solutes is kinetically analyzed for equilibrium exchange in membrane vesicles to obtain criteria for distinguishing the different transport mechanisms. Three types of kinetic measurement are necessary to determine the type of cotransport mechanism: (1) isotope exchange of either substrate as a function of its concentration (Km determination); (2) isotope exchange of either substrate as a function of cosubstrate concentration (activation curves); and (3) ratios of mass exchange rates of both substrates as a function of various substrate concentration ratios. These criteria are applied to and discussed in terms of Na+-dependent D-glucose cotransport and putative Na+ Cl- cotransport. PMID- 7012544 TI - The influence of colicinogenic plasmids ColIb-P9, ColIa-CA53 and ColV-K30 on the repair, mutagenesis and induction of colicin E1 synthesis. AB - The presence of colicinogenic plasmids ColIb-P9 and ColIa-CA53 in E. coli K-12 cells, wild-type with respect to repair, enhanced the survival of cells after UV irradiation and increased the frequency of UV-induced argE3 and his-4 reversions, while the presence of ColV-K30 negatively affected repair and mutagenesis. The plasmid ColIb-P9 showed a UV-protective effect in E. coli cells carrying mutations in genes uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, polA, recB, recF, though in none of the mutants did cell survival reach the wild-type level. The effect of ColIb-P9 on mutagenesis did not depend on the uvrA or recB genes. The plasmid's protective effect and the enhancement of mutagenesis depended on the recA+ lexA+ genotype. The frequency of 2-aminopurine-induced mutations was not affected by ColIb-P9 or ColV-K30. The presence of ColIb-P9 decreased the ability of ColE1-carrying cells to induce colicin E1 synthesis caused by DNA-damaging agents: UV, MNNG, mitomycin C, whereas ColV-K30 increased the percentage of colicin E1-producing cells. These plasmid effects on the level of induction of colicin E1 synthesis were not observed in the case of induction caused by chloramphenicol which did not depend on the products of recA and lexA genes. PMID- 7012545 TI - Positive regulation in a eukaryote, a study of the uaY gene of Aspergillus nidulans. II. Identification of the effector binding protein. AB - In this publication we report the identification of a protein likely to be coded by uaY, a regulatory gene in the ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. uaY is a positive control gene necessary for the expression of at least eight unlinked structural genes involved in purine uptake and degradation (Scazzocchio and Gorton 1977). The physiological effector of the uaY system is uric acid, while some of its thioanalogs serve as gratuitous inducers. Effector binding proteins were detected by binding to 2-thiouric acid after phosphocellulose column chromatography, or as uric acid binding fractions after DNA-cellulose column chromatography. Two binding peaks are present in mycelial extracts purified by either method. These are missing in a putative small deletion of the uaY gene. A "leaky" mutation, uaY109 described in detail elsewhere (Scazzocchio et al. 1980) shows only one peak. The wild type peaks eluted at 55 mM NaC1 and at 720 mM NaCl while the peak present in uaY109 is eluted at 120 mM NaC1. This implies that at least one peak represents a protein coded by the uaY gene. The major peak was analysed by equilibrium dialysis experiments. These establish a Kdiss approximately 2 X 10(-7) and a minimum number of binding sites of 3 X 10(-14) moles/mg of soluble protein in a crude extract derived from protoplast lysis. An extract from a strain carrying the uaY207 deletion, purified blind, lacks any binding activity in the equilibrium dialysis cell. PMID- 7012547 TI - envB mutations confer UV-sensitivity to Salmonella typhimurium and UV-resistance to Escherichia coli. AB - An envB mutation isolated in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli K-12. The mutation produced the same alterations in E. coli as in S. typhimurium concerning cell shape, sensitivity to drugs, autolysis, and fermentation of carbohydrates. However, although the mutation conferred sensitivity to UV irradiation in Salmonella, in E. coli it behaved as a genuine envB mutation producing resistance to UV inactivation. The fact that the mutation produced opposite effects in the survival of UV-irradiated S. typhimurium and E. coli discloses an intriguing difference between these closely related species. PMID- 7012548 TI - Conditional lethality of Escherichia coli strains carrying dnaE and dnaQ mutations. AB - A double mutant of Escherichia coli K12 which carries a conditional lethal mutator mutation, dnaQ49 (Horiuchi et al. 1978), and a DNA polymerase III deficient mutation, dnaE486 (Wechsler and Gross 1971), was found to be more thermolabile than was either of the dnaQ49 or dnaE486 single mutants. The double mutant is able to grow at 28 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C. Under the restrictive conditions DNA synthesis, but not protein synthesis, of the double mutant was suppressed. All the other combinations of dnaQ and dnaE mutation alleles tested so far rendered the cells thermolabile. A dnaZ mutation exerted a similar effect on the dnaQ strain. However, when non-specific temperature sensitive growth mutations were combined with the dnaQ49 mutation, no such increase in thermosensitivity was observed. There is a possibility that the product of the dnaQ gene interacts directly with the DNA replicating enzyme complex. PMID- 7012549 TI - Nonspecific stimulation of antibacterial resistance by a synthetic thymic factor (FTS) in mice. AB - Treatment of mice with 0.01-1 microgram of a synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) significantly increased their resistance to lethal doses (1-5 X 10(6) organisms) of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (LT2). At least seven injections of FTS were necessary for induction of resistance, since the effects of one to three injections were variable. FTS additively potentiated the protective immunity to LT2 induced by immunization with avirulent mutant of LT2, irrespective of the structural components of the cell wall lipopolysaccharides of the mutants, which are basically correlated with their immunogenicity and virulence. Activated macrophages have a direct role in the induction of host resistance, since peritoneal macrophages from FTS-treated DBA/2 mice which are resistant to the doses of LT2 used could by themselves retard bacterial growth in vitro, whereas those from CBA/N mice which are relatively susceptible to LT2 did not inhibit bacterial growth without intervention of FTS-treated syngeneic T cells. PMID- 7012546 TI - Correspondent reaction of mitotic recombination in yeast and sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes. AB - In the lower eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4,5,6-trichloro-2 (dichlorophenoxy)phenol and acridine orange cause different specific genetic alterations, either gene mutations or recombinations. These specific effects were used to characterize the mechanism of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formation in human lymphocytes. Assuming that genetically active substances have comparable effects in lower and higher eukaryotes, the observations provide indirect evidence for a connection between induced mitotic recombination in yeast and SCEs in human lymphocytes and suggest that SCEs may be the consequence of a repair process. PMID- 7012550 TI - Cell growth and antimicrobial activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to glucocorticoids, choleragen and lipopolysaccharide. AB - Normal, thioglycollate-stimulated and BCG-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultivated in vitro with the conditioned medium of mouse L-929 cells. The thioglycollate- and BCG-macrophages rapidly proliferated, whereas normal macrophages grew more slowly. A clear morphological difference between the three types of macrophages in the culture was observed. Glucocorticoids inhibited the growth of the macrophages at pharmacological concentrations. Other steroids, progesterone, diethylstilbestrol and testosterone in that order, had a far lower growth-inhibiting effect. Macrophages cultured with 10(-6) M dexamethasone had a reduced antimicrobial effect on Candida parapsilosis compared with that of the untreated cells. Choleragen had the same effect on the macrophages as glucocorticoids. The toxin inhibited growth at a concentration as low as 10 pg/ml and cells treated with 1 ng of choleragen per ml had decreased antifungal activity. Similarly, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at 10 ng/ml inhibited the growth of thioglycollate-macrophages. However, macrophages incubated with the lipopolysaccharide had enhanced anticandida activity. Thus, the immunosuppressors glucocorticoid and choleragen inhibited both the increase in the number of macrophages and the microbicidal activity of the phagocytes. Lipopolysaccharide, an immunostimulant, stimulated macrophage activity, but was toxic for cell growth. PMID- 7012551 TI - Trimethoprim R plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs. PMID- 7012553 TI - [Participation of bdellovibrios in sewage self-purification processes]. AB - The participation of bacterial parasites belonging to the genus Bdellovibrio in the processes of sewage self-purification was studied in refineries of Pushchino. The lytic activity of Bdellovibrio resulting in a decrease of the number of heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria and E. coli in sewage was found to depend on the temperature factor influencing the intensity of interaction between the parasite and the host bacterium. The maximal p/h (parasite/host) index was found at the water temperature of 26 degrees C and the minimal one at 19 degrees C. Sewage purified at 26 degrees C and transferred to a precipitation tank contained 800 cells of E. coli in 1 ml while that purified at 19 degrees C contained 4000 cells in 1 ml. The number of interacting organisms varied in sewage which was typical of the "parasite-host" relations. Therefore, Bdellovibrio should be involved in the self-purification of sewage from the intestinal microflora at 26 degrees C; to a lesser extent, at 23.5 degrees C; and not at all, at 19 degrees C. PMID- 7012552 TI - [Electron transport chain in a thermophilic methane-oxidizing culture of Methylococcus thermophilus]. AB - The electron transport chain was studied in the obligate methane oxidizing culture of Methylococcus thermophilus during the oxidation of methanol (the source of carbon) which is an oxidized derivative of methane as well as during the oxidation of hydroxylamine which is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonium (the source of nitrogen) by Mc. thermophilus cells. Cytochromes a, b and c are involved in electron transport. Cytochrome cco and cytochrome c554 have been isolated from the cell-free extract of Mc. thermophilus and purified. A scheme for electron transport operating in the oxidation of methanol and hydroxylamine is suggested on the basis of studying the characteristics of these cytochromes. Cytochrome a was shown to be a component of terminal oxidase. Cytochromes b are connected with membranes and also found in the composition of hydroxylamine oxidase. Cytochrome cco and, possibly, terminal oxidase (cytochromes a) are involved, in the oxidation of CH3OH by methanol dehydrogenase, in electron transport; cytochrome c554 as well as cytochrome b and c in the composition of hydroxylamine oxidase participate in electron transport in the oxidation of NH2OH by hydroxylamine oxidase. The characteristics of the electron transport system in Mc. thermophilus are discussed. PMID- 7012554 TI - [Study of microorganism respiration according to the parameters of their delayed fluorescence]. AB - A method for studying microbial respiration of low oxygen concentrations (10(-5)- 10(-7) M) is described. The method was used for examining the respiration chain of the bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The following constants of the respiration chain for oxygen were calculated using the parameters of delayed bacterial fluorescence: the rate of respiration, the Michaelis constant, the concentration of oxygen critical for respiration. The decrease in the rate of respiration of low oxygen concentrations consists of two phases; this is related to the existence of two different pathways of oxidation in the terminal region of the respiration chain. PMID- 7012555 TI - [Use of the fluorescence method to detect and quantitatively determine lipids in the cells of microorganisms]. AB - Techniques have been developed for the detection and quantitative determination of lipids in the living cells of microorganisms (after their fixation by heating) using benzimidazole luminophores synthesized by Monocrystalreactive (USSR). When the yeast cells are stained by a luminophore, the latter is selectively bound to cellular lipids producing a brightly fluorescent complex. The intensity of fluorescence increases proportionally to an increase in the concentration of lipids in the microbial mass. The intensity of fluorescence of a microbial suspension is recorded using a spectrofluorimeter at the excitation and fluorescence maxima of 405 and 475 nm respectively. In order to assay the content of lipids in microorganisms which do not produce a homogeneous suspension, the luminophore bound to lipids is extracted from the cells with hot octane. The absolute content of lipids in the biomass is determined using a standard curve which shows the intensity of fluorescence of microorganisms and their octane extracts as a function of the lipid content in the cell. PMID- 7012556 TI - [Relationship between aeration and sterol distribution in yeasts]. AB - The content of sterols in yeast organisms changes noticeably depending on the cultivation conditions. This content sharply decreases when the cells are transferred from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. The proportion between various sterol fractions also changes. The content of bound sterols under aerobic conditions reaches 85-90% of the total sterol content; that of free sterols is only 10-15%. Under anaerobic conditions, the quantity of bond sterols decreases to 70-75% while that of free sterols increases respectively to 25-30%. The fraction of free sterols increases whereas that of bound sterols decreases under aerobic conditions if oleic acid is added to the cultural broth. The content of all of the sterol fractions increases if oleic acid is added under anaerobic conditions. The same correlation is found when ergosterol is added to the medium under anaerobic conditions. Only the total sterol content and the content of sterol esters increase, rather than the content of free sterols, when cholesterol is added to the medium under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7012557 TI - The responsibility of medical schools for teaching hospitals and the provision of clinical services. PMID- 7012558 TI - The critical role of the nucleolus in cell differentiation and stem cell development with particular reference to its importance in imaginal development, spermatogenesis and haemopoiesis - a new fundamental concept. AB - A new approach to cell staining and cell culture is used which allows for better observation of nucleolar behaviour than is possible with traditional methods. The role of the nucleolus in stem cell maturation in the mosquito and woodlouse is discussed, and evidence presented to show that certain of their stem cells are multi-nucleolated cells and that they give rise to a clone of small round cells (daughter cells) by a novel method of division. This type of cell formation has been given the name "clonal division" to distinguish it from classical mitotic division. The new approach is used in the search for the elusive haemopoietic stem cell and evidence presented to show that this is also a multinucleolated stem cell which, in like fashion, gives rise to a clone of small round cells. The development takes place extravascularly, and the small round cells which arise are the immediate precursors of the differentiated cells found in peripheral blood. An analysis of the role of the nucleolus in stem cell development is made, and the conclusion reached that it plays an important part in clonal division, its behavior being consistent with some form of instructional role. It is suggested that all primitive cells are enveloped in a basophilic reticulum which is composed of instructional RNA responsible for the transformation of the primitive cell into a differentiated cell. It is further suggested that the nucleoli and basophilic reticulum are but interchangeable forms of the one structure (to be known as nucleolar material), and that this is inherited the same way that chromosomal material is inherited. PMID- 7012559 TI - Dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 7012560 TI - Pain. 1. Basic mechanisms. PMID- 7012561 TI - Report of the Australian and New Zealand combined dialysis and transplant registry. AB - In Australia, 463 patients (32/1,000,000 population) commenced commercial treatment by dialysis in 1979. In all, 1266 dialysis patients (88/1,000,000) were receiving treatment at October 31, 1979, 47% by home dialysis. In 1979, 316 transplants (22/1,000,000) were performed. Of 1237 functioning grafts (86/1,000,000) at October 31, 1979, 89% were primary grafts; 6.5 of all functioning grafts were from a living donor. During 1979, the number of dialysis patients exceeded that of patients with a functioning transplant for the first time since the Registry was started. Amongst new patients, in 1979, glomerulonephritis (35%), analgesic nephropathy (19%), polycystic renal disease (9%), and reflux nephropathy (7%) were the more common primary renal diseases. Four per cent of patients had diabetic renal failure. The proportion of new patients over 50 years of age increased from 31% in 1973 to 46% in 1979; 14% were 60 years old or older in 1979. In 1975-1978, the three-year patient survival for integrated treatment (dialysis and/or transplantation) was 65%; the age-related patient survival at three years was approximately 80% for those under 40 years of age, 60% for those from 40 to 59 years of age, and 40% for patients over 60 years of age. The three-year patient survival for dialysis was 66%, and that for primary cadaver transplantation was 69%. Cadaver-donor primary graft survival was 51% at one year, and 43% at three years after transplantation. In New Zealand, during 1979, 88 patients (28/1,000,000 of population) commenced treatment for the first time, 68 transplants (22/1,000,000) were performed, and the number of patients with a functioning graft was equalled for the first time by that of patients receiving dialysis treatment (64/1,000,000). Forty-eight per cent of dialysis patients were receiving treatment at home. Forty per cent of new patients in 1979 had glomerulonephritis, while only 3% had analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7012563 TI - Note on the radioimmunoassay of angiotensin-I in the measurement of plasma renin activity. PMID- 7012562 TI - Renal transplantation. 12-Year experience. AB - The results of cadaveric renal transplantation in one centre over 12 years are reviewed. One hundred and sixty-eight grafts have been performed in 147 recipients. At one year after transplantation, patient survival rate was 86%, and graft survival rate was 63%. Analysis of factors influencing graft survival show that the age of recipients, the lack of blood transfusions, and the use of poorly matched grafts (three to four HLA mismatches against 0 to two mismatches), all had adverse effect on survival. Death was a significant cause of graft loss in patients over the age of 45 years. Patients who had not received blood transfusions, and who received grafts which were mismatched for three to four HLA antigens, did especially badly, graft survival rate at six months being only 24% compared with that of 70% in patients who received blood transfusions. PMID- 7012565 TI - Chronic pulmonary infection with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The first report of a case of chronic sputum carriage of salmonella is presented. The patient was a 51-year-old male with pulmonary cavitation and mycetoma, who developed pulmonary infection with Salmonella typhimurium after rectal surgery, and subsequently has carried the salmonella in his sputum for 18 months to date. PMID- 7012564 TI - Malaria in southeast Queensland in 1979. AB - The incidence of malaria in Australia is increasing. With the emergence of strains of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine there are new lessons to be learned by laboratory workers in the species diagnosis; by clinicians in the clinical manifestations, the treatment of prophylaxis; and by members of the public about the dangers of malaria, and how it can be prevented. At the same time, old knowledge must not be forgotten. This paper reports some recent experience with a sizeable number of cases. PMID- 7012566 TI - Medical manpower--Medical Directory of Australia, 1980. PMID- 7012567 TI - [The "artificial endocrine pancreas": alternative to conventional insulin therapy]. PMID- 7012568 TI - [Advances in the toxicology or organophosphate esters]. PMID- 7012569 TI - Amoxapine (Asendin)--a new antidepressant. PMID- 7012572 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis. Description of a case with paralysis of the left upper extremity, thrombocytosis and increased immunoglobulins]. PMID- 7012573 TI - [Endocrinologic study of beta-thalassemia major]. PMID- 7012574 TI - In defense of "Limbitrol". PMID- 7012575 TI - [Elements of preprosthetic orthodontics]. PMID- 7012571 TI - Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. PMID- 7012577 TI - [Antonio Baratieri (1926-1980)]. PMID- 7012578 TI - [Adolfo Hertel (1916-1980)]. PMID- 7012576 TI - [Clinical experiments with a new activator]. PMID- 7012579 TI - Controlled trial of the effectiveness of randomized wound closures. PMID- 7012580 TI - Meniere's disease: current concepts. PMID- 7012570 TI - The caulobacters: ubiquitous unusual bacteria. PMID- 7012581 TI - On heterogeneity of DNA methylases from Escherichia coli SK cells. AB - The presence of E. coli SK cells of five different DNA-methylases differing in specificity to the methylated sequence is documented has been proven. Two enzymes methylate cytosine with the formation of 5'-methylcytosine and three enzymes methylate adenine with formation of 6'-methylaminopurine. A method for simultaneous isolation of the five individual enzymes including gel filtration on Biogel A-0.5 M is proposed. The direct evidence has been presented showing that the additional methylation test in our method modification actually can discriminate between enzymes differing in sensitive sites. PMID- 7012584 TI - Characterization of murine macrophage migration inhibitory activities (MIF) released by concanavalin A stimulated thymus or spleen cells. PMID- 7012583 TI - Characterization of four lymphocyte activation products of guinea pig and their association with macrophage migration inhibitory activity (MIF). PMID- 7012582 TI - Production and characterization of antisera against human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). PMID- 7012585 TI - Partial characterization and purification of murine T helper cell replacing factor (TRF)--III. Further purification steps and serological characteristics. PMID- 7012586 TI - Characterization of guinea pig mitogenic factors--II. A comparison of some biochemical parameters of mitogen-induced and antigen-induced factors. PMID- 7012587 TI - Antibody binding constants from Farr test and other radioimmunoassays. A theoretical and experimental analysis. PMID- 7012588 TI - Preparation of an antigen-binding fragment from murine T lymphocyte membranes. PMID- 7012589 TI - The lymphoid tissue distribution of cells reactive with chicken anti-mouse immunoglobulin serum. PMID- 7012590 TI - Medical anecdotes concerning some diseases of the pancreas. PMID- 7012591 TI - The development of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7012592 TI - Hormonal and central nervous system effects on pancreas secretion. PMID- 7012593 TI - Chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP). Mechanism of formation of the lesions. New data and critical study. PMID- 7012594 TI - Epilepsy and the oral manifestations of phenytoin therapy. PMID- 7012595 TI - Embrylogie of genital malformations. Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of intersex. PMID- 7012596 TI - Anesthesia for major noncardiac surgery in a patient with a transplanted heart. PMID- 7012597 TI - Effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum chemotherapy on the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. PMID- 7012598 TI - Pancreatitis in renal transplant recipients: a report of three cases. PMID- 7012600 TI - The Santorini valves. PMID- 7012599 TI - Prevention of ischemic acute tubular necrosis with tris buffer or prostacyclin infusion. PMID- 7012601 TI - Identification of primary aromatic amines in mutagenically active subfractions from coal liquefaction materials. AB - Gas-chromatographic mass spectral (GCMS) analyses were performed on mutagenically active components from the basic, basic tar and neutral tar subfractions of a coal-derived liquid heavy distillate. The latter material is a component fraction of an experimental oil produced in a solvent refined coal process (SRC II) pilot plant. Mutagenicity was determined with the Ames/Salmonella assay system. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to separate mutagenically active components of the basic, basic tar and neutral tar fractions from some of the other compounds contained in these complex materials. For the 3 fractions tested, mutagenic activity was localized in approx. the same TLC regions, with relative mobilities (Rf) ranging from 0.1 to 0.3. GCMS analysis of the TLC regions showed that the concentrations of primary aromatic amines, as obtained by measuring peak areas for the (M + 1)+ ion as formed in the chemical ionization mode, followed essentially the same distribution as the mutagenic activity. Primary aromatic amines identified in the active regions included aminonaphthalenes, aminoanthracenes, aminophenanthrenes, aminopyrenes and aminochrysenes. With the exception of small amounts of aminonaphthalene, primary aromatic amines were not found in TLC regions that lacked mutagenic activity. PMID- 7012602 TI - Mutagenicity of constituents identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay. AB - About 300 compounds have been reported in the literature as constituents of pulp mill effluent. Previously, in our screening program, 10 resin acids identified in effluent were examined for potential mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. Neoabietic acid was the only resin acid which was found to be mutagenic. Now, a program to screen for mutagenicity of 48 additional compounds, belonging to chemical classes of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, aldehydes, quinones, and carboxylic acids, has been completed. Only 2 of these compounds, tetrachloropropene and pentachloropropene, were found to be mutagenic, showing dose-related increases in His+ reversion mutations, in the standard Salmonella test. Metabolic activation with a preparation of Aroclor 1254 induced liver homogenate (S9) greatly reduced the mutagenic responses of these 2 compounds. Modifications of the Salmonella test for volatile mutagens enabled the detection of the mutagenicity of 3 additional chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane. PMID- 7012603 TI - Activation of the mutagens of beef extract in vitro and in vivo. AB - The activation in vitro of the mutagens isolated from beef extract, when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1538, requires the presence of S9 fractions from livers of PCB- or 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rats. S9 fractions from uninduced rats were unable to activate the mutagens, but no induction was necessary with Swiss albino mice. CD-1 mice had intermediate activation capabilities, which increased after the addition of 0.75% BHA to their diet. Human S9 were poor activators. No activation was observed with the whole homogenates. The active metabolites formed were unstable at 37 degrees C and firmly bound to protein. When isolated livers were perfused for activation, no inherently active mutagens were released into the perfusate. Similarly, no active mutagens were found in the urine of mice after administration to them of beef extract mutagens p.o. or i.p. Intrasanguine host-mediated assay did not show any significant mutagenic effect. The possibility that genotoxic effects of these compounds might be confined to metabolically competent cells of induced animals is discussed. PMID- 7012604 TI - The pH-dependent response of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 to mutagenic N nitrosamines. AB - The mutagenicity of some N-nitrosodialkylamines, i.e. N-nitrosodimethylamine, N nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine and N nitrosopyrrolidine, was assayed on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 by the pre incubation method, and the effect of changing the pH of the pre-incubation mixture was examined. Markedly higher mutagenicities were observed when the pre incubation of bacteria with nitrosamine and S9 mix was done at pH 5.2, compared with mutagenicities observable after the pre-incubations at conventional pH 7. Pre-incubations at pH 6.2 resulted in responses of intermediate strength. With phenobarbital-induced rat S9, the ratios of mutagenic potency found by the pH 5.2 pre-incubation to that found by the pH 7.2 preincubation were 15-30 for N nitrosodimethylamine, 5-10 for N-nitrosodiethylamine, 10-20 for N-nitrosodi-n butylamine, 2-3 for N-nitrosomorpholine and 4-6 for N-nitrosopyrrolidine. The mutagenic potency of each nitrosamine varied with the change of S9 source. The S9 sources examined were PCB-induced rat and mouse livers, and uninduced rat and mouse livers. No exceptions were observed for these S9 preparations regarding the higher mutagenicity at pH 5 than at pH 7. It is speculated that the higher mutagenicity observed by the pH 5 pre-incubation was due to the stability of the active intermediate, alpha-hydroxynitrosodialkylamines, in weakly acidic media. PMID- 7012605 TI - Bisulfite (sulfur dioxide) is a comutagen in E. coli and in Chinese hamster cells. AB - The mutagenic and comutagenic effects of bisulfite were investigated. Under moderate exposure conditions (high survival) it was found that bisulfite is not mutagenic to either eukaryotic cells (Chinese hamster V79), or prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli). However, bisulfite does act as a comutagen with UV irradiation. Bisulfite approximately doubles the mutation frequency in UV irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells, and it causes a greater than 8-fold increase in Trp+ revertants in UV-irradiated E. coli. The comutagenic effect occurs whether cells are exposed to bisulfite during or immediately after UV irradiation. Kinetic studies of the comutagenic effect in E. coli shows that it decays in a biphasic manner, with an apparent half-life of 15 min and a persistence of the comutagenic effect for up to 120 min after UV irradiation. Experiments with several strains of E. coli of varying DNA-repair capacities indicate that excision repair is necessary for a comutagenic effect by bisulfite. It is thought that bisulfite acts to inhibit excision repair, perhaps by effects on DNA polymerase I, or DNA ligase. PMID- 7012606 TI - Enhancement of hepatic microsome-mediated bacterial mutagenesis by the rat liver soluble protein fraction. AB - Bacterial mutagenesis from aflatoxin B1, 2-aminofluorene and benzo[a]-pyrene, mediated by washed rat liver microsomes using the assay system of Ames, is elevated 2--4-fold by the liver soluble protein fraction. Enhancement results from an apparent stimulation of one (or possible more) biochemical steps leading to mutagenesis in this system. Enhancement is observed over a wide range of NADPH concentrations and is present in dialyzed preparations of liver soluble proteins. Enhancement activity is stable when the soluble protein fraction is stored for 18 h at pH 5-9 (4 degrees C); when stored for 18 h at 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C (pH 7.8), and when heated for 10 min at 56 degrees C. The activity is labile when heated for 10 min at 100 degrees C. PMID- 7012607 TI - Mutagenicity of alcoholic beverages. AB - The mutagenicities of evaporated residues of alcoholic beverages were tested by the Ames method with the modification of pre-incubation, by using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. 12 of 13 brands of whisky were mutagenic to TA100 without S9 mix. Addition of S9 mix decreased or abolished these mutagenicities. 5 brands of brandy and 1 apple brandy were tested, and all showed a similar type of mutagenicity to that of whisky. A fraction of brand-K whisky, containing a major mutagen(s), eluted from XAD-2 column with water, gave 3800 revertants of TA100 per plate at a dose equivalent to 10 ml of whisky. PMID- 7012608 TI - Studies on mutagenic constituents of apple brandy and various alcoholic beverages collected in western France, a high incidence area for oesophageal cancer. AB - Apple brandies, alcoholic spirits produced in the west of France, as well as other types of alcoholic beverage (rums, whiskies, armagnacs, cognacs) were tested for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the plate incorporation assay in the presence or the absence of rat-liver S9. The mutagenic activity of acrolein, gamma-butyrolactone, furfural and glycidol, chemicals usually found in these spirits, was assayed by the same procedure. Glycidol was mutagenic in TA1535 and TA100 without metabolic activation. We found higher and more frequently positive responses in home-made apple brandies than in the other beverages; therefore, further fractionation for isolation of the mutagenic compound(s) was performed by using spinning band column distillation, HPLC and gas chromatography. The fractions contained various types of mutagen, i.e., frameshift and/or base-pair substitution mutagens; some required metabolic activation and others did not in either the alcoholic, aqueous or non-volatile fractions. The results indicate that the high incidence of oesophageal cancer correlated with the alcoholic consumption in these areas might be at least partially attributable to the presence of mutagens in apple brandies. PMID- 7012609 TI - Mutagenicity of a series of hexacoordinate rhodium(III) compounds. AB - 19 rhodium(III) compounds have been tested for genetic damaging capabilities using an Escherichia coli differential repair assay and for mutagenicity in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 10 of these were active in both assays. Presence of the plasmid pKM101 was required for mutagenicity in Salmonella. Both the composition of the ligands and the free-dimensional structures of the coordination complexes profoundly affect genetic activity. In general, the structure--activity relationships appear to favor complexes with (1) a +1 charge, (2) 2-relatively labile leaving groups with 4 more strongly bonded amine ligands, and (3) a relatively slow rate of exchange of the ligands which is characteristic of substitutionally inert coordination complexes. PMID- 7012610 TI - [Double blind, randomized in vivo investigations comparing the antifungals clotrimazole, tolnaftate and naftifine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012611 TI - [Interactions between antimycetic imidazole derivatives and lipids, waxes and triterpenes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012612 TI - [Are topical corticoids advantageous and justifiable in the treatment of dermatomycoses? (Travocort cream and Travogen cream were compared in 100 patients in an interindividual double-blind trial) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012613 TI - Clotrimazole and econazole in dermatophytoses (double blind study). PMID- 7012614 TI - Subunit organization of chromatin from trypanosoma cruzi sensitive and resistant to ethidium bromide. AB - The chromatin from Trypanosoma cruzi has been analysed from a nuclear preparation after digestion with micrococcal nuclease. The DNA repeat length is found to be equivalent to 185 +/- 5 base pairs. The organization of chromatin in T. cruzi has been compared with that of sensitive trypanosomes treated with ethidium bromide and trypanosomes resistant to ethidium bromide. No differences were found. PMID- 7012615 TI - The phospholipases of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Trypanosoma species. AB - Four species of trypanosome were examined for phospholipase activities using 1 [3H]palmitoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-acyl-2[14C]linoleoyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine as substrates. The major activity in each species is a phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) which does not require calcium. The most effective of the detergents tested for activation of the enzyme from each species, and the Ph optima, are as follows: Trypanosoma brucei, 0.125% Triton X-100 at pH 6.0-8.5; T. congolense, 0.5 mM linoleate at pH 6.0; T. theileri, 0.1% Triton X-100 at pH 6.75; T. lewisi, 0.2 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 5.2. The specific activity of the enzyme from a pathogenic species, T. brucei, is very high (145 nmol/min/mg/protein) and could contribute to the tissue damage characteristically caused by this parasite. The level in T. lewisi, a non-pathogenic species, is relatively low (1 nmol/min/mg). The levels in T. theileri (31 nmol/min/mg) and T. congolense (10 nmol/min/mg are intermediate. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that phospholipases contribute to the pathogenicity of trypanosomes. PMID- 7012616 TI - Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in malarial parasites. AB - The ability to carry out the initial reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway was investigated with extracts of mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium chabaudi, purified merozoites of P. knowlesi, and schizonts of P. falciparum grown in vitro in human erythrocytes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G-6pd) was detected in extracts of all the cells after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Separate host cell and parasite glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were demonstrated with extracts of P. knowlesi and P. falciparum but not with P. chabaudi. PMID- 7012617 TI - Analysis of protein variation in Plasmodium falciparum by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - The proteins of cultured isolates of Plasmodium falciparum have been labelled with [35S]methionine and then examined for variation between isolates by the two dimensional gel electrophoresis system of O'Farrell. A large number (ca. 100) of proteins have been characterised in terms of their isoelectric point and molecular weight, and thirty five proteins have been compared in all isolates. These comparisons have been used to examine two main questions, namely whether there is any evidence for sub-speciation between isolates from W. Africa and S.E. Asia and whether there is evidence for variation between isolates from a single region in Thailand. The results show that small amounts of P. falciparum are sufficient for the study of variation in many proteins and that considerable variation occurs. These results are compared with those obtained by other workers, using enzyme electrophoretic variation, and the relative merits of the two methods are considered. PMID- 7012618 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal RNA: internal break in the large-molecular-mass species and number of genes. AB - The large-molecular-mass ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Trypanosoma cruzi probably contains an internal break. The molecule can be obtained in its intact form or in its two fragments depending on the denaturing agents used for its purification and/or display. This break appears to be an in vivo late processing step rather than a random nucleolytic cleavage during in vitro manipulations. Calculations of mass, from gel electrophoretograms, for the large and small main ribosomal ribonucleic acid species and for the two chains derived from the large species gave values of 1.37, 0.84, 0.70 and 0.57 X 10(6) daltons, respectively. Sedimentation velocity measurements in sucrose gradients and in the analytical ultracentrifuge indicated sedimentation coefficients of 24 and 18 S for the large and small main species, respectively. Saturation hybridization curves showed that the nuclear genome, quantified by chemical analysis, contains about 114 ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene copies. PMID- 7012620 TI - Inhibition of prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane A2 by aspirin. PMID- 7012619 TI - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 7012622 TI - Metchnikoff in Messina: a century of studies on phagocytosis. PMID- 7012621 TI - Type I (insulin-requiring) diabetes mellitus in North India: HLA and autoimmunity. PMID- 7012623 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia--new concepts (first of two parts). PMID- 7012624 TI - Studies of immune-complex glomerulonephritis mediated by human thyroglobulin. PMID- 7012625 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia--new concepts (second of two parts). PMID- 7012626 TI - Medicare coverage in nursing homes. PMID- 7012630 TI - Enzootic aspergillosis in wild red vented cockatoos in the Philippines. AB - Philippine Red Vented Cockatoos were being trapped in the wild and dispersed directly to private homes, aviaries, pet stores and for export to the United States of America. Except for non-aggressive behaviour and tiring easily the subjects showed clinically nothing peculiar. Numerous cases of Aspergillosis with no clinical signs prior to death were being reported at the United States Air Force Base, Clark Field, Angeles City, Philippines. In all cases stress was a predisposing factor to death; such as enclosure in a small bird cage. Those birds in aviaries that were kept free-flying remained clinically normal, with no deaths recorded. Systematic examination to determine the causative source of infection was carried out and revealed natural infection in the wild state as the cause of disease in caged Red Vented Cockatoos in the Philippines. Examination on three other species of Philippine Pstitticine birds revealed only the Red Vented Cockatoo to be infected or a latent carrier in the wild state. PMID- 7012627 TI - Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7012629 TI - No effects of cimetidine on the therapeutic response to oral enzymes in severe pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 7012628 TI - Pregnant thoughts about metabolic control and diabetes. PMID- 7012631 TI - In vitro susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine and nystatin of common clinical yeast isolates. AB - The sensitivity to nystatin, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) or both was studied for 131 clinical isolates of Candida albicans, 47 of Candida parapsilosis, 34 of Candida tropicalis, 7 of Candida guilliermondii, 28 of Torulopsis glabrata and 1 of Torulopsis candida. All strains were inhibited by concentrations of nystatin within the usual range of sensitivity except one strain of T. glabrata and another of T. candida whose minima inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were respectively 250 U/ml and greater than 20000 U/ml. In respect to 5-FC it was found, after 7 days of incubation at 37 degrees C, the following frequencies of resistance: C. albicans 28/106 (26%), C. parapsilosis 11/47 (23%), C. tropicalis 24/34 (71%), C. guilliermondii 1/7, T. glabrata 1/28 (4%) and T. candida 0/1. It was particularly striking the activity of 5-FC against T. glabrata. PMID- 7012632 TI - Pseudohyphal forms of Cryptococcus neoformans: decreased survival in vivo. AB - Three pseudohyphal isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were inoculated intracranially into mice. Four weeks post-inoculation the animals showed no symptoms of disease and the number of viable cells per brain decreased to zero. Possible roles of pseudohyphal forms of C. neoformans in the immunology and pathogenesis of cryptococcosis are discussed. PMID- 7012633 TI - Susceptibility of immunodeficient mice to challenge infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Groups of mice were neonatally thymectomized and treated with antithymocyte serum (ATS) prior to challenge infection with viable yeast phase (YP) Histoplasma capsulatum G-17M. Moderate leucocytosis and moderate lymphopenia were seen in immunodeficient animals after infection. Surviving immunodeficient mice exhibited low levels of migration inhibition activity, while peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells harvested from surviving infected and untreated normal mice showed significant migration inhibition in the presence of histoplasmin antigen. The LD50 values for YP cells of H. capsulatum were 1.1 x 10(6) for normal untreated mice, 6.0 x 10(5) for thymectomized mice, and 6.3 x 10(5) for ATS-treated mice. Thymectomized mice that also received ATS treatment exhibited an LD50 of 1.7 x 10(5) and were 6.5 times more susceptible to infection then normal mice. Mice which were either thymectomized or treated with ATS were 1.7 times as susceptible as normal mice to infection with H. capsulatum. The criterion of susceptibility is a decrease in the LD50 value. PMID- 7012634 TI - A new species of Aspergillus fumigatus group and comments upon its synonymy. AB - Aspergillus fumigatus Fries, acolumnaris Rai et al. (1) has been raised to a distinct epithet and four different varieties of A. fumigatus (1--2 & 6) viz. A. fumigatus Fries. var. albus Rai et al., A. fumigatus Fries. var. grisei-brunneus Rai and Singh, A. fumigatus Fries. mut. helvola Yuill and A. fumigatus Fries. var. sclerotiorum Rai et al. which were recognised by earlier workers, have also been merged into A. fumigatus. PMID- 7012635 TI - Survey of human pathogenic actinomycetes and fungi in soil from Rome and other Italian areas. AB - As part of a study sponsored by the Ministry of Health of Italy, a research program on pathogenic actinomycetes, keratinophilic and pathogenic fungi in soil was carried out. Two hundred soil samples, collected from different areas of the city of Rome, Calabria, Emilia Romagna, Latium, Apulia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany and Umbria, were examined by several techniques to detect the widest possible variety of pathogenic actinomycetes and fungi. Seven isolates of Nocardia asteroides, four of Actinomadura madurae and one of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei were isolated for the first time from soil in Italy. In addition, numerous isolates of Petriellidium boydii, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger and keratinophilic fungi of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Chrysosporium were also recovered. PMID- 7012637 TI - Emergency phone numbers. PMID- 7012636 TI - Technique for the purification of the hyphae of Filobasidiella neoformans. AB - A technique for the purification of the hyphae of Filobasidiella neoformans is described. Cultural conditions and strains for maximal hyphal production were determined. Blastospores were separated from hyphae by sonification of mycelial suspensions. Following this, the initial density ranges of all cell types were determined by isopycnic centrifugation, using Renografin-60 as a supporting medium. Based on these data, rate centrifugation with different density ranges was used to obtain cell separation. The final percentage of non-hyphal cells to total population was 0.007%. These were determined to be still viable at the end of separation. PMID- 7012638 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 7012639 TI - ATP-stimulated endoprotease is associated with the cell membrane of E. coli. AB - Despite knowledge of the physiological significance and regulation of protein degradation in bacteria, the pathway of proteolysis and the responsible enzymes are still not known. Degradation of cell proteins in bacterial and animal cells requires continuous ATP production, inhibition of which in Escherichia coli prevents the degradation of normal proteins in growing cells, accelerated breakdown of such proteins in starving cultures and the very rapid breakdown of abnormal proteins. Intracellular proteolysis proceeds by repeated endoproteolytic steps and ATP is required for the initial cleavages of the substrate. We have recently demonstrated ATP stimulation of proteolysis in extracts of bacterial and animal cells. These ATP-stimulated systems seem to be responsible for the rapid degradation of abnormal proteins in vivo, but they may also be involved in the catabolism of normal cell proteins, limited proteolysis, such as the processing of precursors for secreted or membrane proteins, and the selective inactivation of specific proteins, as occurs in the ATP-dependent cleavage of the lambda repressor by the recA protein. We report here that membrane fragments contain an ATP-stimulated protease that degrades cell proteins to large peptides (of molecular weight (MW) 71,500) which are then rapidly hydrolysed to amino acids by soluble ATP-independent enzymes. PMID- 7012640 TI - Nitrogen fixation gene (nifL) involved in oxygen regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in K. pneumoniae. AB - The enzyme complex nitrogenase, which reduces N2 to NH+4, involves two redox proteins, both irreversibly damaged by O2 (ref. 1). Enzyme activity therefore requires anaerobic conditions, a source of reductant and a large amount of ATP (approximately 16 ATPs per N2). In both aerobic and facultative anaerobic N2 fixing bacteria, nitrogenase synthesis is regulated by O2 and NH+4, but in the aerobes there are also processes to protect the enzyme from O2 damage. The mechanisms of repression by O2 and NH+4 seem to be independent in the organisms so far examined. In the facultative anaerobe, Klebsiella pneumoniae, O2 was shown to repress nitrogenase synthesis in an NH+4-constitutive strain. The fusion of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene into each transcriptional unit of the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster in K. pneumoniae has facilitated studies with O2, because expression from the various nif promoters results in an O2-stable product (beta-galactosidase). Notably, the nifHDK operon (the nitrogenase structural genes) was more sensitive to O2 repression than the nifLA operon (regulatory genes). The characterization of mutants, reported here, indicates the involvement of a nif-regulatory gene product in the mechanism of O2 control of nitrogenase synthesis. PMID- 7012641 TI - An inducible DNA replication-cell division coupling mechanism in E. coli. AB - Cell division is a tightly regulated periodic process. In steady-state cultures of Enterobacteriaceae, division takes place at a well defined cell mass and is strictly coordinated with DNA replication. In wild-type Escherichia coli the formation of cells lacking DNA is very rare, and interruptions of DNA replication arrest cell division. The molecular bases of this replication-division coupling have been elusive but several models have been proposed. It has been suggested, for example, that the termination of a round of DNA replication may trigger a key event required for cell division. A quite different model postulates the existence of a division inhibitor which prevents untimely division and whose synthesis is induced to high levels when DNA replication is perturbed. The work reported here establishes the existence of the latter type of replication division coupling in E. coli, and shows that the sfiA gene product is an inducible component of this division inhibition mechanism which is synthesized at high levels after perturbations of DNA replication. PMID- 7012642 TI - [Protein semisynthesis with the help of mixed anhydrides and enzymes: chemistry and synthesis of insulins]. AB - Proteins play a prominent role in nature and their biosynthesis occurs via stepwise combination of amino acids. One can imitate this method in laboratory or synthesize the polypeptide chain by combining smaller preformed fragments (fragment condensation). Reversible protection of reactive groups and solubility problems arising are the most important features in this regard. Semisynthesis, i.e., coupling of amino acids or peptides to natural material may help to overcome these difficulties. The preparation of hybrid preproinsulin by mixed anhydride synthesis and the conversion of pork insulin to human insulin by enzyme catalyzed peptide synthesis are two examples of the semisynthesis of proteins. In both cases optimal reaction conditions are essential for maximal yield of the product desired. In spite of the rapid improvement of gene technology, chemical peptide synthesis will retain its value for the preparation of biologically and pharmacologically interesting substances. PMID- 7012643 TI - The heaviest man on record. PMID- 7012644 TI - [A 2d patient with tropical malaria contracted in a natural way in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7012645 TI - [Total lymph node irradiation in the pretreatment of bone marrow transplants for aplastic anemia]. PMID- 7012647 TI - [Medicine in the first international scientific journals of Dutch origin (1680 1709)]. PMID- 7012646 TI - [Bone marrow transplants for patients with acute myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 7012648 TI - [Reconstruction of the lower dental arch]. PMID- 7012650 TI - [Changes in the nomenclature of epilepsy: beneficial or harmful?]. PMID- 7012649 TI - [The problem of anxiety: development and clinical significance from the psychoanalytical standpoint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012651 TI - [The concept of mania since Kraepelin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012652 TI - [Schizophrenia research today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012653 TI - Progress from haemodialysis. PMID- 7012654 TI - Renal vein renin activity and prostaglandins A and E in hypertension. AB - The relation between renal vein renin activity (RVRA) and renal vein prostaglandin A (PGA) and prostaglandin E (PGE) concentrations was examined in 50 patients with hypertension who underwent renal vein catheterizations for suspected renovascular hypertension. In 14 patients wih unilateral renal artery stenosis, mean renal vein PGE concentrations were higher in the renal vein draining the nonischemic kidney, while RVRA was increased in the renal vein draining the ischemic kidney. PGE ratios from the two sides were inversely related to RVRA ratios in this group. In the other 36 patients with either bilateral renal artery stenosis, essential hypertension or nonrenovascular unilateral renal disease, RVRA and PGE concentrations were similar in both kidneys. No relation between RVRA and PGA could be established for any group. PMID- 7012655 TI - Drug-induced changes in the composition of the cerebral free amino acid pool. AB - The effects of insulin, hydroxybutyrate, deoxypyridoxine, chlorpromazine, codeine, morphine, puromycin, and cycloheximide on the composition of the free amino acids in mouse and rat brain were tested. Significant changes occurred in a number of amino acids with most compounds tested; the largest was of alanine (a 50% increase with glucose, a 50% decrease with drugs); histidine was often increased, and the nonessential amino acids were mostly decreased. The pattern of changes was somewhat different in the mouse brain from that in the rat brain. Changes of amino acid levels may participate in the pharmacological action of a number of compounds. PMID- 7012657 TI - The circumventricular organs and the central actions of angiotensin. AB - This review discusses the central nervous system actions of the circulating hormone, angiotensin II. Access of this peptide likely is limited to those central structures which lack the blood-brain barrier. Three of the circumventricular organs, the area postrema, the subfornical organ, and the organum vasculosum, have all been suggested to be sites of action for angiotensin within the brain. The area postrema is a site of pressor action of angiotensin in many species but not in the rat. The subfornical organ is a site where angiotensin provokes drinking, a pressor effect, and the secretion of vasopressin. The organum vasculosum and adjacent tissue has also been suggested to be a site for these three central effects of the peptide. Blood-borne angiotensin probably does not act at the same locus as does angiotensin applied to the brain via its ventricular system. PMID- 7012658 TI - Observations on the use of anaesthetics in the preparation of in vitro CNS material. PMID- 7012656 TI - Adrenal steroid inhibition of the vasopressin-neurophysin neurosecretory system to the median eminence of the rat. Differential effects of corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone administration after adrenalectomy. AB - Neurophysin and vasopressin-containing terminals in the zona externa of the median eminence (ZE) show a large increase in immunoreactive peptide following adrenalectomy which can be prevented by dexamethazone replacement therapy. The present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a glucocorticoid (corticosterone; CS) and a mineralocorticoid (deoxycorticosterone: DOC) in exerting negative feedback on this system. Animals were adrenalectomized and implanted with various sized pellets of either steroid or cholesterol. The amount of neurophysin-immunoreactivity in the ZE 2 weeks after adrenalectomy was estimated on a zero to four rank scale independently by three observers. The data were analyzed by the X2 statistic. Low doses of CS (50 mg) reduced the amount of staining in comparison to cholesterol-replaced animals by approximately 50%. The ZE of animals receiving higher doses (100--200 mg) were identical to those of intact animals. DOC, however, at the 50 or 100 mg level produced only a slight inhibition of the response to adrenalectomy. Larger pellets (150--200 mg) did not result in a level of ZE staining as low as for intact animals. These findings suggest that the vasopressin neurosecretory system to the ZE is regulated by glucocorticoids. PMID- 7012659 TI - Interrelationship between pineal gland and hypothalamic-hypophyseal complex. IV. Effect of pinealectomy on luteinizing function of rat hypophysis. PMID- 7012660 TI - Degradation of insulin and proinsulin in the normal state and in experimental diabetes. PMID- 7012662 TI - Primary intracranial sarcomas: radiological diagnosis with emphasis on arteriography. AB - The radiological manifestations of primary intracranial sarcomas may be non specific and they vary widely according to their histological variations. Reticulum cell sarcomas, however, can be included in the differential diagnosis with a high degree of reliability when one observes a hypovascular mass with arterial encasement and deep medullary veins. Tumor vessels and tumor stains supplied by dilated feeding arteries suggest the possibility of a sarcoma of the brain or of the meninges in infants. Nine reticulum cell sarcomas, four undifferentiated sarcomas, and one fibrosarcoma are presented here with their radiological manifestations, especially on angiography. PMID- 7012661 TI - Interaction of insulin with muscle receptors: specific binding of [125I]insulin by the plasma membrane of the rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7012663 TI - Alpha-bungarotoxin binding and central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7012664 TI - The intra-cortical trajectory of the coeruleo-cortical projection in the rat: a tangentially organized cortical afferent. PMID- 7012665 TI - Subcellular distribution of enkephalin-dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase) in rat brain. PMID- 7012667 TI - Is there a non-dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway? PMID- 7012668 TI - The progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: clinical trial of allopurinol therapy. AB - A 12-month clinical study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was carried out during a double-blind trial of allopurinol therapy. The disease was monitored by assessment of muscle power and function, pulmonary function tests, and electrocardiography. Biochemical assessments were made of plasma creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase, uric acid, and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine. Allopurinol did not alter the progression of the disease. PMID- 7012666 TI - Localization of [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals in human paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7012670 TI - [Recovering of previously identified details in transmission electron microscopic specimens by means of a programmable pocket calculator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012669 TI - Shotgun pellet embolus to the middle cerebral artery. AB - A 24-year-old man had a massive right cerebral infarction after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery trunk by a shotgun pellet that embolized from the heart during external cardiac massage for cardiac arrest. The cerebral infarct was followed by massive edema, uncal herniation, and death. PMID- 7012671 TI - [The role of the myocardial depressant factor in the pathogenesis of the shock]. AB - Examination of the pathogenesis of shock has directed attention to the microcirculation, the kidneys, and the lungs. Today, apart from other tissues and organs, particularly the splanchnic organs, the pancreas is also incriminated. The lysosomes (also present in other tissues) and zymogen granules it contains are responsible, during the ischaemia and hypoxia typical of shock, for the instigation of a process of cell autolysis that releases enzymes and frequently toxic protein fragments into the bloodstream. These include myocardial depressant factor (MDF), whose physical, chemical and biological identification and role are now fairly clear. First described by Brand & Lefer in 1966, MDF has been explored by Lefer and other workers at both the experimental and clinical level. An account is given of the main researches that have led to the determination of the characteristics and action of MDF in numerous types of shock, the pattern of its formation, and the routes by which it is introduced into the circulation. Reference is made to work showing the close relation between MDF and the lysosomial hydrolases, and its biological effects on the whole animal, on isolated preparations, and in vitro. In addition to the myocardial depressant effect that has given it its name, MDF has been shown to provoke ischaemia of the splanchnic circulation and depression of the RES. The evidence on both sides is presented, including that derived from personal investigations of district haemodynamics in experimental shock. In substance, material is presented from which an objective approach can be taken to the cultural contribution of MDF in the matter of shock, its prospects, and its limitations. PMID- 7012672 TI - [Intensive treatment of septic shock]. AB - In order to identify a septic shock syndrome, the Limulus test (positive results in 10 cases out of 12) is preferable to hemoculture (positive in 9 cases out of 22), as a valid tool for a precocious diagnosis and to support both the clinical diagnosis and the precocious case finding of the septic conditions. According to the Authors, as far as intensive treatment is concerned, the simultaneous finding of the central venous pressure (CVP) and the lung capillary (LC) allows an accurate evaluation of the rate of cardiac impairment and the alterations to the distribution of blood volume in connection with treatment. The Authors have also reported the data related to the clinical course of illness and mortality rate (68%) in 21 cases of septic shock, as well as the hemodynamic parameters with the pertinent correlations (CVP-PAP-Pcp and Da-v) in 12 patients affected by septic shock from the very beginning and throughout the whole period of treatment. PMID- 7012673 TI - [Endocrine repercussions of shock]. AB - After synthesizing modifications to hormonal and humoral factors following shock, a number of minor endocrine resonances detectable during and after ECC, or during cardiogenic shock of infarction genesis are considered. In small series of patients, renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol and 18-hydroxy-11 desoxycorticosteroid plasma levels were evaluated, the results providing interesting guidelines for extending hormonal researches into the above sector. PMID- 7012674 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in shock]. AB - The series of events leading to the onset of haemostasis disturbances in the course of shock is described. In substance, such disturbances are comprised in the general coagulolytic imbalance known as disseminated intravascular coagulation. The main physiopathological mechanisms and clinical features of this form are explained, together with the main aspects of its treatment. PMID- 7012676 TI - [Pathobiology of anoxic cells]. AB - Some experimental models for the study of the metabolism of anoxic cells are briefly outlined and the meaning and limits of the results obtained with different biochemical techniques are critically evaluated. Metabolic changes occurring in the mitochondria of anoxic cells are discussed in relation to the decreased production of ATP and to the shift towards a more reduced state of both the mitochondria and the cytosol. The activation of the microsomal phospholipase, and the concurrent impairment of the microsomal Ca2+-pump, seem to play a key role in the pathogenesis of anoxic injury. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, the polysomes and the soluble factors of protein synthesis are also damaged in anoxic cells. The degree of impairment of the machinery for protein synthesis affects the capacity of the cell to repair the many kinds of damages caused by anoxia, and to overcome the critical point represented by the re establishment of the normal oxygen supply following the period of oxygen deprivation. PMID- 7012675 TI - [Therapy of shock]. AB - Shock therapy is a problem which readily leads to considerations of a practical nature. Routine clinical experience is the basis for all evaluations of results. Drugs, doses, therapeutical tactics are of value only in so far as experience has successfully made use of them. PMID- 7012677 TI - [Massive transfusion: indications, limits, complications]. PMID- 7012678 TI - [Testicular atrophy and gonadotropin activity in rats with portacaval anastomosis]. AB - Rats subjected to porto-caval shunt present, even after a rather long period since the operation (5 months), a moderate atrophy of the testicles. This phenomenon occurs because of a reduced gonadotropic activity of the pituitary gland, consequent upon a more or less increased inhibition of the hypothalamic GTH-RF production. The abnormal depression of the hypothalamic activity is due to a scarce metabolism of the sexual hormones following the operation. PMID- 7012679 TI - [Reticulosarcoma of the stomach. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of gastric reticulum cell sarcoma upon 58 tumours of stomach observed in the period 1975-1978. They examine the anatomopathological aspects in conformity with the last classification, they dispute about the clinical aspects and they accentuate the difficulty whether clinical or instrumental to succeed in an early diagnosis but they confirm also the opinion a surgical therapy extremely aggressive in sole possible. This therapy aggressive, eventually associated with the irradiation therapy and sometimes with the chemotherapy, makes the prognosis of types of tumours remarkably better than forms carcinomatous. PMID- 7012680 TI - [Lymph node staging in prostatic carcinoma Lymphography, pedal and intraprostatic lymphoscintigraphy, transcutaneous fine-needle lymph node biopsy and pelvic "guided" lymphadenectomy. Considerations on a series of 20 cases (1 September 1978-31 January 1980)]. AB - Evaluation of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the prostate is an essential step in staging when radical management is still possible. For this purpose, lymphography, lymphoscintigraphy, thin-needle transcutaneous lymph node biopsy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy have been variously combined since 1978 in 20 new cases (T1-T2-T3/Mo). Pedal lymphography displayed a good correlation with the histological data offered by adenectomy, and proved indispensable for the execution of transcutaneous biopsy under fluoroscopic control. Pedal lymphoscintigraphy is less invasive than lymphography. It provided suggestive morphological pictures of the lymph node chains, including those outside the pelvis; these, however, were difficult to interpret and must be regarded as of great, but complementary utility. Intraprostatic lymphoscintigraphy by injecting the radionuclide into the gland capsule permitted visualisation of the periprostatic nodes and confirmed previous experimental and clinical data. Lymph node metastases were seen in 50% of cases. Their frequency was inversely proportional to the degree of histological differentiation. In all cases, the external iliac and "obturator" (internal chain of external iliac group) notes were involved. Voluminous metastases were observed in two cases of "incidental" (To) carcinoma. The lymphography contrast medium was always found in the "obturators". It is suggested that these findings underscore the need for careful lymph node examination, even in the earliest stages of prostate cancer. They also raise further queries with regard to the treatment of incidental carcinoma. PMID- 7012681 TI - [Pseudo-Conn's syndrome after habitual ingestion of liquorice. Report on various clinical cases]. AB - Four female subjects were admitted to our Department for a form of severe systo diastolic hypertension, recalcitrant to previous anti-hypertensive treatment, accompanied by marked hypokalemia. Patients had a common history of the continuous use, for pleasure or medicinal purposes, of liquorice-based preparations. In all cases, suspension led to normalisation of kalemia in a period varying from six to fifteen days, while arterial pressure values and all other essential parameters examined (plasma reninic activity, aldosteronuria, etc.) recovered their balance more slowly. PMID- 7012682 TI - [Dupuytren's disease. Current etiopathogenetic perspectives]. AB - The Authors after discussing some of the aetiopathogenetic factors of Dupuytren's disease, have studied the behavior of sera glycemic shape after oral load in 368 patients with Dupuytren's disease, finding a impairment tollerance of glucose in the 93.20% of these patients. This suggest that the impairment of the glycemic metabolism still outside of alcoholic pathology is one important factor in the Dupuytren's disease and perhaps in the development of cirrhosis and hepatica fibrosis. PMID- 7012683 TI - [Anatomo-pathological and immunofluorescence investigation of the toxemic placenta]. PMID- 7012684 TI - [Clinical experience with two low dosage estrogen progestogen preparations (SH 7.1122 and SH B 259 AB)]. PMID- 7012685 TI - [Fashion and medicine]. PMID- 7012686 TI - Methods for scanning and transmission electron microscopy of normal and damaged gram-negative bacteria. AB - Preparatory procedures and different types of electron microscopical imaging of bacterial specimens are described. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on ultra-thin sections of plastic embedded material and negatively stained specimens. Metal coated, whole bacteria were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rapid procedure for TEM observation of negatively stained specimens indicates size, shape and appendages. TEM micrographs of ultra thin sections show details of the cell wall and internal structures of the cytoplasm. SEM is superior in demonstrating size and gross surface morphology. The three methods are complementary in the study of bacterial cell ultrastructural morphology. PMID- 7012687 TI - [Is it possible to improve the results of transplanting kidneys from cadaver?]. PMID- 7012688 TI - [Consequences of early failure in kidney transplant]. PMID- 7012689 TI - [E-active rosette forming T lymphocytes in the kidney transplant. Significance of serial monitoring]. PMID- 7012690 TI - [Plasma renin activity in essential arterial hypertension. Critical review of its significance]. PMID- 7012691 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in glomerulonephritis with minimal lesions]. PMID- 7012692 TI - Presence of avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in catecholamine and methionine-enkephalin-containing neurones within the central nervous system. AB - Using single and double staining immunohistochemical procedures it has been demonstrated that an avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (APP-LI) co-exists with catecholamines in neurones within the A1/A3, A2 and A6 (locus coeruleus) cell groups, and also with methionine-enkephalin in cell bodies of the sacral parasympathetic system. Axonal and terminal immunoreactivity was observed in axons and nerve terminals in particularly high density within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and originated in part from intrinsic cell bodies. Intense terminal labelling was also found around sacral and caudal lumbar motor neurones, and thoracic lateral sympathetic column neurones. Immunoreactive material was present in fibres around neurones of the periaqueductal grey, caudal raphe and the locus coeruleus and in neurones in the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 7012693 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to human myelin and axolemma-enriched fractions. AB - The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a well established procedure for antibody determination which has gained wide acceptance, particularly in diagnostic virology. We have adapted the method for use with the lipid rich antigens of human myelin and axolemma enriched fractions. Adsorption of the antigen onto the assay plates was rapid and relatively independent of pH. Antibodies to myelin and axolemma cross-reacted extensively. Little antibody reaction was noted using human liver microsomes, indicating the antibodies were specific but that myelin and axolemma shared at least one strong common antigen. With further purification of the antigen, this method should be useful in evaluating immunogenicity and antigenic purity of these membrane fractions. PMID- 7012694 TI - Location of dorsal interosseus motor nuclei in the cat. AB - In the cat we have investigated the position of the motor nuclei projecting through the dorsal interosseus nerve to the distal forelimb muscles. Horseradish peroxidase was either injected into single muscles or applied to the central end of a cut nerve. The location of each nucleus is described in two ways: histograms giving the distribution of the labelled motoneurones along the rostro-caudal spinal cord axis; and regions in reconstructed cross-sections of the ventral horn which indicate the area occupied by the motoneurones of one nucleus. The relation between the nuclei was established by superposition of the reconstructed cross sections. With this procedure we have obtained a map which shows the positions of the centres of the single radial nuclei. PMID- 7012695 TI - The hypoglossal nucleus of the primate: a Golgi study. AB - The neurons of the hypoglossal nucleus were examined in Golgi preparations of adult macaque and squirrel monkeys. Two distinct types of neurons were found. The first type was a large multipolar cell which was typical of the majority of the neurons of the nucleus. Its soma ranged in size from 18 to 50 micrometers and numerous dendrites emerged from it. The dendritic spread of these neurons was within the ipsilateral nucleus, across the midline into the contralateral hypoglossal nucleus, or out into the adjacent reticular formation. The second type of neuron was a small cell. The soma of this neuron was oval in shape, measured less than 20 micrometers in its largest diameter, and gave off only two or three dendrites which remained within the nucleus. PMID- 7012696 TI - Anti-choline acetyltransferase fragments antigen binding (Fab) for immunohistochemistry. AB - The preparation of fragments antigen binding (Fab) from serum of rabbits immunized against human brain choline acetyltransferase (CAT) is described. Ant CAT Fab fragments were less potent than anti-CAT immunoglobulin (IgG) in inhibiting mammalian CAT activity and did not precipitate CAT activity. They proved, however, far superior to anti-CAT IgG for the immunohistochemical staining of CAT in mammalian neurons. PMID- 7012697 TI - High protein diets and bone homeostasis. PMID- 7012698 TI - Blood selenium in cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 7012699 TI - Pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. PMID- 7012700 TI - Nutrition Classics. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 124: 125-8, 1938. The isolation of factor one in crystalline form. By Samuel Lepkovsky. PMID- 7012701 TI - Selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase: its synthesis and function in arachidonate metabolism. PMID- 7012702 TI - The effect of oral cadmium administration on the pregnant rat and embryo. PMID- 7012703 TI - A "new" protein food from a traditional process. PMID- 7012704 TI - Conscious suggestion: using talk to manage pain. PMID- 7012705 TI - Alveolar proteinosis; atypical pulmonary response to injury. PMID- 7012706 TI - Computer interpretation of electrocardiogram; using portable bedside unit. PMID- 7012707 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome; results of direct immunofluorescent study. PMID- 7012708 TI - Alexis Carrel, M.D.; contribution to kidney transplantation and preservation. PMID- 7012709 TI - Early medical photography in America (1839-1883); VI. Civil War medical photography. PMID- 7012710 TI - Extrahepatic bile duct cancer. PMID- 7012711 TI - Subdural empyema; caused by infection of preexisting subdural hematoma. PMID- 7012712 TI - The death of Ivan Ilych; an axiomatic hypothesis. PMID- 7012713 TI - Acoustic neuroma; an audiologic evaluation. PMID- 7012714 TI - Beginning of radiology in 1896; first newspaper report of discovery of x-ray. PMID- 7012715 TI - The Napier earthquake--fifty years ago. PMID- 7012716 TI - A review of the Great Disaster Reprinted from 'Kai Tiaki' March 16, 1931. PMID- 7012717 TI - A pilot study on the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation on composite resins. PMID- 7012718 TI - Cystitis during pregnancy: a distinct clinical entity. AB - Acute cystitis during pregnancy is a distinct clinical entity characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms, the absence of systemic symptoms, and a positive urine culture. Over a 6-year period there were 9734 deliveries at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center and 126 patients with acute cystitis, for an incidence of 1.3%. The majority of cystitis patients had a negative initial screening urine culture, and most cases of bladder infection occurred in the second trimester. The most common bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli. Only 17% of cystitis patients had a recurrence of urinary tract infection. All women were treated as outpatients with oral antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7012719 TI - Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis. AB - Eight cases of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis (HF) were seen at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center over a 3.5-year period. The etiology of the HF included 2 cases of fetal-maternal hemorrhage and 1 each of sacral teratoma, tachyarrhythmia, diaphragmatic hernia, neuroblastoma, and heart disease. For 1 infant, the cause was never found. These cases involved various diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Only 4 were anticipated ant partum by ultrasound scanning. Two of the 8 fetuses died in utero, whereas 4 others died in the neonatal period. Earlier diagnosis and evaluation are likely to improve these outcomes. PMID- 7012720 TI - Microsurgical tubal reanastomosis--the role of splints. AB - Tubal reanastomosis was performed in 32 patients using microsurgical techniques. In 25 women, occlusion was due to prior sterilization. A splint was not used during or after repair. Intrauterine pregnancy occurred in 21 (84%) and fetal loss in 6% of 17 potentially viable pregnancies. The mean midluteal serum progesterone level of previously sterilized patients (13.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml) was similar to the level in normal partners of infertile men (12.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) and in women with other tubal causes of infertility (14.3 +/- 1.1. ng/ml). Seven patients with occlusion due to disease achieved postoperative patency; there were 4 (57%) intrauterine pregnancies and 1 tubal gestation. The author concludes that a splint is not necessary in performing tubal reanastomosis and that there is no clinical or laboratory evidence of luteal insufficiency in this group of previously sterilized women. PMID- 7012721 TI - [Acupuncture--a method of the future with ancient origins]. PMID- 7012723 TI - Now, here's ... a real cliff hanger. PMID- 7012722 TI - Management of hepatic trauma in 67 patients. PMID- 7012724 TI - [The value of exfoliative cytology of the urine in the diagnosis of bladder tumors]. AB - It is reported on the cytological and histological results of 253 bladder tumors. There was an exact correspondence of the results in 80.3%; in 11.4% it was not possible to prove the existence of the bladder tumor cytologically. Most of these were low-grade malignant tumors. In 8.3% of the cases the results were obtained through PAP III according to the scheme of Papanicolaou. PMID- 7012725 TI - [Impulse cytophotometric studies on DNA in bladder carcinoma]. AB - The applicability and the significance of quantitative cellular DNA-estimations by rapid-flow cytofluorometric techniques are discussed for newly diagnosed tumours and in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. From the DNA histograms, the degree of ploidy and the proportion of S-phase cells, indicating the proliferation activity of the tumours, are determined. Diploid DNA-patterns are found in 60% of T 1-tumours while the other tumours, including carcinoma in situ, are almost exclusively aneuploid. With few exception, Grade 1-tumours are diploid and Grade 3-tumours are aneuploid; the dividing line between diploid and aneuploid DNA-patterns passes through Grade 2-tumours 60% of which are diploid and 40% aneuploid. Among the aneuploid tumours, the tetraploid cases exhibit the least malignant characteristics. The aneuploid non-tetraploid tumours increase in malignancy the more they deviate from tetraploidy. A possible explanation is the observed increase in the number of S-phase-cells correlated to the deviation from tetraploidy. The DNA-measurements have also been used for the objective assessment of therapeutic results in cases of carcinoma in situ treated by local instillation of adriamycine. PMID- 7012727 TI - [In vitro resistance testing of tumors in relation to cytostatics. 2. Examinations with human malignomas]. AB - The in vitro test presented here can be used to demonstrate chemotherapy drug (CD) resistance in human tumors showing high metabolic activity. Initially, dose effect ratios are determined for various CDs in patients showing in vivo CD resistance (primary or secondary) and correlated with the inhibition of incorporation rates for radiolabeled DNA and RNA precursors in tumor cells. The maximal incorporation inhibition noted was 28% for the highest CD concentration used, and 17% for one tenth of that concentration, compared to controls. Accordingly, those tumor cells were termed "resistant" which showed a maximal incorporation inhibition of 28 and 17%, respectively, under the highest CD concentration used for the test. A total of 94 human tumors were tested, and the patient's response to CDs was evaluated after 12 weeks of therapy. In 57 of them, the in vitro test correctly predicted CD resistance as confirmed by the clinical course. There was no resistance demonstrated in vitro in another 13 cases which actually showed progression of disease while receiving CDs. In 24 cases there was good agreement between lack of resistance in vitro and clinical response. PMID- 7012726 TI - [In vitro resistance testing of tumors in relation to cytostatics. 1. Animal experiments]. AB - By studying rat Yoshida sarcoma and Walker carcinoma, pertinent results have been obtained for chemotherapy drug (CD) resistance of human tumors. The incorporation rates of tritiated metabolic precusors of DNA and RNA synthesis could be shown to be reproducible in ascites tumor cells and in solid tumor cells, in the absence as well as in the presence of CDS. Fraction of proliferation cells, cell cycle phase duration and tumor generation time were equal before and after explanation. The in vitro CD concentration used did not promote cell death within the first 4 h post-explantation, as shown by supravital stain (with Lissamin green and Trypan blue) and by 51Cr-release studies. PMID- 7012728 TI - [Phase 2 study with cis-dichlorodiaminoplatinum (II) in advanced solid tumors]. AB - cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) was administered in 23 patients with far advanced solid malignancies using a dose schedule of 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. All patients previously had progressive disease using conventional cytotoxic therapies. More than 50% of the patients had been pretreated with at least four different drugs, 9 patients had additionally been irradiated. IN 4 patients there was objective tumor regression (duration 1-4 months); in 7 patients tumor progression could be stopped for at least 1 month; 12 patients did not respond. By sufficient fluid administration combined with electrolyte substitution, furosemide and mannitol, no severe toxic side effects were encountered. PMID- 7012729 TI - [Prophylaxis and therapy of cytostatic-induced skin necrosis]. AB - The extravasation of cytotoxic drugs induces long lasting and painful skin ulcers. According to results of our experiments in rats, clinical observations and studies of other authors the best prophylaxis in preventing skin ulcers seems to be at present the immediate local instillation of heparin solution as well as hydrocortisone or dexamethasone solution. After the occurrence of cytotoxic drug induced skin ulcers the use of fibrin glue (Tisseel) has proven to be very successful in treating skin ulcers of our patients. PMID- 7012730 TI - [HLA-antigens in germ cell tumors of various sites]. AB - In 41 children with germ-cell tumors differently localised and 301 healthy unrelated subjects, 22 HLA antigens of A and B loci were tested. No statistically significant difference in the frequency of HLA antigens--with exception of a higher frequency of HLA-A28 (14,63% versus 4,32% in the controls, chi 2 = 5,69) before the correction of p value--was found. The cause of the rare associations between the tumors and HLA was discussed. PMID- 7012731 TI - [Association between natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) and serum factors in acute leukemia and other malignant diseases]. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) of human peripheral lymphocytes against allogeneic tumor line (K-562) was substantially increased by the AB serum. Dialysis, a well as Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of AB serum revealed that the immunoglobulin containing fraction was the responsible factor for the increase. Results suggest the involvement of antibodies in NCMC. Autologous and allogeneic serum of patients with gynecological carcinoma inhibited (10-64%) and/or stimulated (10-250%) the NCMC activity in the patients. Residual NCMC activity exceeding 20% has been present after the trypsin digestion in serum free medium of effector lymphocytes. A similar 20% residual activity has been observed after the addition of anti-immunglobulin and antigen-antibody complexes, respectively. Our findings suggested the role of antibodies and serum factors in natural killer activity. Nonetheless other mechanisms resistant to trypsin treatment and of a certain specificity to tumor cells may not be excluded. PMID- 7012732 TI - [The electrophoretic mobility test in cancer diagnosis at the 1st Women's Clinic of Vienna University]. AB - The electrophoretic mobility test (EMT), modified only slightly, was applied to a group of 25 patients suffering from gynecological cancer as well as to a control group of the same number. On an average, cancer patients demonstrated an inhibition of 5.5%, control patients an inhibition of 2.3%. These mean values near the discrimination border are caused in 14 false (positive or negative) results and in further 8 results valued ambiguous at inhibition quotes between 3 and 5%. Neither methodological nor casuistical analyses yielded clear conclusions about the reasons of recurrent test failures. Therefore, the manner of measurement becomes more interesting for us as more as this method does not include objectivity and precise documentation of the physical proceedings in a sufficient range. At least, we refer to an alternative method of measurement equalizing these problems by photographical documentation. PMID- 7012733 TI - [Changes in methotrexate pharmacokinetics by inclusion in liposomes and the different effects on experimentally induced tumors]. AB - Encapsulation of methotrexate in liposomes does not only alter--as is generally known--the pharmacokinetics of the drug, but reduces the growth of some experimentally induced tumors in rats. PMID- 7012734 TI - [Newer aspects of the electrophoretic mobility test after stimulation of human lymphocytes with PPD]. AB - The Electrophoresis-Mobility-Test is a modified Macrophage-Electrophoretic Mobility-Test by using sheep erythrocytes, tanned and stabilized by sulfosalicyl acid. The test is used to demonstrate specific sensibilised T-lymphocytes in cell culture after having them isolated from human venous blood and after stimulation with antigen. 34 tests were done by stimulation with antigen PPD, the lymphocytes having been taken from patients with positive Tuberculin-Tine-Test. All tests were bacteriologically and cytologically controlled and only 9 could be used finally as a base for statistical control by using x2- und t-tests and histogram. A special attention was payed to the aggregation of monocytes and their morphological changes in cell culture. Every single test is not statistically significant, but the results of the whole lot give an attest of the concept of the EM-Test, which can be reproduced with a probability of about 60%. PMID- 7012735 TI - [Combined heat-radiotherapy of malignant tumors]. AB - Since 1972, 102 patients with malignant tumours of low radiosensibility were treated with a combined local hyperthermia-gamma-rays irradiation. Most of the tumours grew superficially and half deeply. Results were analysed with regard to tumour regression, local recurrence and frequency of metastases after treatment. Surprisingly good tumour regression, a low local recurrence rate (11%) and no enhancement of distant metastases were found. Treatment rhythms hat not to be altered. Tissue reactions were extremely low. The combined hyperthermia-radiation treatment has its advantages especially, when ionising radiation of low LET is used. PMID- 7012736 TI - Junction between Kupffer cells and hepatic sinusoidal endothelium. A review. PMID- 7012737 TI - The advantages of interrupted sutures and a therapeutic lens in keratoplasty. PMID- 7012738 TI - Dentures as artificial saliva reservoirs in the irradiated edentulous cancer patient with xerostomia: a pilot study. AB - Dentures which included a reservoir for dispensing artificial saliva were constructed for a trial group of patients with oropharyngeal cancer seen in the postirradiation period. The tumors were apparently under control, but the patients were suffering from xerostomia. Details of the design, construction, and use of such a device are presented. The subject of postirradiation xerostomia in the edentulous patients is reviewed, and recommendations for reducing the incidence and severity of this condition are given. The prosthesis contributed to successful oral rehabilitation of half the trial group of patients with postirradiation xerostomia. PMID- 7012739 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with oral manifestations. Report of periodontal treatment in two cases. AB - The periodontal conditions of two patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia were successfully treated by a two-phase plan. The first phase of treatment eliminated inflammation from local etiologic factors by removing plaque and plaque-retaining factors. The second phase eliminated the residual anatomic defects of periodontal disease. Gingival bleeding has been indicated as a symptomatic factor of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, but such bleeding is more likely the result of periodontal inflammation. PMID- 7012740 TI - [Remote results of reconstructive surgery of invalids with the sequelae of crural bone fractures]. PMID- 7012741 TI - [Gyula Elischer: as seen by one of his students]. PMID- 7012742 TI - [Chekhov, the physician]. PMID- 7012743 TI - [Pean and his accomplishments]. PMID- 7012744 TI - [On the 225th anniversary of the birth of Gyorgy Stahly (1755-1802)]. PMID- 7012745 TI - [Controversies about the ruling on the health services in the Hungarian commercial marine at the turn of the century]. PMID- 7012746 TI - [Experience with prophylactic cimetidine therapy in high risk patients]. PMID- 7012747 TI - [100 years ago Charles Alphonse Louis Laveran discovered the causative agent of malaria]. PMID- 7012748 TI - [150-year-old medical opinion on smoking]. PMID- 7012749 TI - [Dr. Imre Lovasz (1797-1843)]. PMID- 7012750 TI - [The effect of the correction of carbohydrate metabolism on serum lipids and lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 7012752 TI - [Avicenna and the roots of psychosomatic medicine]. PMID- 7012753 TI - [Transplantation in severe pancytopenia and acute leukemia]. PMID- 7012754 TI - [An Eastern genius. Remembering Avicenna on the 1000th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 7012755 TI - [An Avicenna volume in the Helikon Library of Keszthely. Venetian publication, 1564]. PMID- 7012751 TI - [Evaluation of antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy in chronic childhood bronchitis, based on endoscopic follow up examinations]. PMID- 7012756 TI - [Normoglycemic adjustment in pregnant diabetic women. Prevention of diabetic pregnancy complications and changes in insulin requirements]. PMID- 7012757 TI - [Gyorgy Ivanovics (1904-1980)]. PMID- 7012758 TI - [Human streptococcal infections caused by Streptococcus Group B]. PMID- 7012760 TI - Recent advances in childhood asthma. PMID- 7012761 TI - The response of mice immune to Schistosoma mansoni to a challenge infection which bypasses the skin: evidence for two mechanisms of immunity. AB - Mice which had developed immunity to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni following exposure to 20 cercariae and mice which had been immunized against S. mansoni by exposure to 400 highly irradiated (20 krad) cercariae, were tested for their ability to resist a percutaneous cercarial challenge and an intravenous challenge with 5-day-old lung-stage schistosomula derived from the same cercariae. Although both types of immune mice showed a marked resistance to a cercarial challenge, only the infected mice showed a comparable immunity to an intravenous challenge with lung schistosomula. These results confirm earlier studies which suggest that the major attrition of a cercarial challenge in infected mice occurs at the post-lung stage, whilst the attrition of a challenge infection in mice immunized with highly irradiated cercariae takes place in the skin. They provide further evidence for two separate mechanisms of immunity against S. mansoni in mice. PMID- 7012759 TI - Tinidazole versus Ornidazole in amebic dysentery in children (a double blind trial). PMID- 7012762 TI - Proteolytic cleavage of IgG bound to the Fc receptor of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula. AB - After the binding of IgG to the surface Fc receptor of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula, the Fab portions of IgG are cleaved and small peptides are liberated in the culture medium. At least two types of proteinase activities have been demonstrated in the secretory products of schistosomula. One is an endoprotease with trypsin-like activity, with an optimum pH of 7 and an optimum temperature of 45 degrees C. The other is a metalloaminopeptidase with an optimum pH of 7 and temperature of 37 degrees C. PMID- 7012763 TI - [Use of a logical probability method for evaluating the clinical indices in fascioliasis of cattle]. AB - The possibility of helminthiasis diagnosis with the use of nonparametric models of statistic analysis was checked. The method resolves itself into the estimation of the degree of informativeness of characters chosen for the description of elements of phenomena, for the isolation of a certain complex of most informative characters and the construction of a system of standards with the use of EC. The level of informativeness of 38 haematological and clinical indices was tested. The indices characterizing the contents of relating to stab neutrophils and microlymphocytes in blood were found to possess the highest informativeness while the contents of erythrocytes, leucocytes, eosinophiles and haemoglobin--the lesser one. Indices characterizing the contents of haemocytes, basophils and monocytes as well as ESR possess low and average informativeness. The level of identification of objects in training samplings was rather high and reached in most cases 100%. PMID- 7012764 TI - An ultrastructural study of developing stages of exo-erythrocytic Plasmodium berghei in rat hepatocytes. AB - The ultrastructure of immature exo-erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei in rat hepatocytes was studied at stages between 25 and 51 h of development. A new method was successfully applied to localize the parasites in a small portion of the liver by temporary ligature of blood vessels to the majority of the liver, and from the spleen and the pancreas. Nuclear profiles appeared to be part of a highly lobed nuclear reticulum. Peripheral vesiculation and vacuolization of the cytoplasm was increasingly prominent and ushered in the formation of pseudocytomeres. Spacing between host- and parasite-derived membranes could first be observed after 43 h of development. In general, organellar development was found to follow closely that described for plasmodial oocysts. PMID- 7012765 TI - Muramidase content of cells in human granulomatous reactions. AB - The muramidase content of reactive cells in the lesions of human foreign body reactions, lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and granulomatous hepatitis, was assessed using specific anti-human muramidase antiserum and a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase marker system. Epithelioid and giant cells in sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, granulomatous hepatitis, and tuberculoid leprosy all showed the presence of muramidase in their cytoplasm. The muramidase content of macrophages in foreign body reactions and lepromatous leprosy varied and most multinucleate cells in these lesions gave a negative reaction. Possibly varying rates of muramidase secretion may account for these differences. PMID- 7012766 TI - The pathology of primary IgA glomerulonephritis--a renal biopsy study. AB - Renal biopsies of 44 Chinese patients with primary IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA Gn) were examined by light (LM), electron (EM) and immunofluorescent microscopy (IF). The diagnosis of IgA Gn was based on IF staining showing predominant mesangial IgA deposition in the absence of systemic diseases. With LM, IgA Gn was not essentially different from other idiopathic forms of glomerulonephritis. The glomerular lesions showed features of focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (45.4%), focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis (25%), minimal glomerular lesions (18.2%) and diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (11.4%). Membranous and membrano-proliferative forms were not encountered. The variable LM findings contrasted markedly with the constancy of IF staining. EM revealed lumpy electron dense deposits in the mesangium in all cases which, in the relative absence of subendothelial and subepithelial deposits, might also be helpful in diagnosis. PMID- 7012767 TI - Node-based T cell lymphoma. The clinical, immunological and morphological spectrum. AB - Four cases of node-based T cell lymphoma are presented. The tumours had 2 distinct morphologic patterns. Two cases showed a polymorphous proliferation of pleomorphic lymphoid cells, small lymphocytes, epithelioid cells and arborizing small vessels while the others displayed a monomorphous infiltrate of large atypical lymphoid cells characterized by granular nuclei with numerous tortuous folds to produce a 'squiggly' appearance. One case showed a progression from one histological pattern to the other. Confirmation of the T cell nature of these lymphomas was based on the demonstration of E-rosette formation by morphologically atypical lymphoid cells which also stained positive for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. The patients had an average age of 52 yr and presented with a variable distribution of lymphadenopathy and a predominance of extranodal involvement. Two cases disclosed hypergammaglobulinaemia, one of whom had a paraproteinaemia of IgM-k type. All patients responded poorly to standard combination chemotherapy, 2 expiring 48 and 53 mth after onset of symptoms. PMID- 7012768 TI - [Hemodynamic indices in dogs after preliminary anesthesia]. PMID- 7012769 TI - [Selective transport and its changes in disordered innervation]. PMID- 7012772 TI - [Epithelium calcificans Malherbe in the light of data from the literature and personal studies]. PMID- 7012771 TI - [Peritoneal reaction to the administration of gentamicin bead chains]. PMID- 7012773 TI - [Peculiar form of gonadal tumor--sex cord stromal tumor with annular tubules- case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 7012770 TI - [Problems of etiology]. PMID- 7012774 TI - Antenatal ultrasound findings in cystic adenomatoid malformation. AB - A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is presented with prenatal ultrasound findings. The present case appears to be the third instance reported in which the diagnosis was made antenatally by ultrasound, and the first which resulted in a live birth, although the patient succumbed to pulmonary hypoplasia. PMID- 7012775 TI - Spina bifida cystica families x-ray examination and HLA typing. PMID- 7012776 TI - [Leukemia and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a computerized analysis of the course of the disease]. PMID- 7012777 TI - [Hemolytic anemia: clinical and laboratory symptomatology: a computerized approach for differential diagnosis applicable to any other type of disease]. PMID- 7012778 TI - [Pressing problems of perinatal endocrinology]. PMID- 7012780 TI - [Prostaglandins and the treatment of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7012779 TI - [Achievements and prospects of immunotherapy in urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7012781 TI - Prediction of success in an accelerated BS/MD medical school program using two projective techniques. AB - Two successive classes of accelerated medical students were administered a variety of tests in an effort to find predictors of medical school grades. Through an innovative combination of the Hand Test and Rorschach, a single index of maladjustment, Daubney Index, was derived. This correlated--.55 with medical school grades for 23 students. Similar approaches may be especially useful for high powered programs which stress the students' adaptive mechanisms. PMID- 7012782 TI - Comparison of remedial treatments for cursive handwriting of fourth-grade students. AB - Fourth-grade students participated in a study to investigate 4 methods of cursive handwriting instruction. Groups were rated by two independent raters on 5 handwriting characteristics. Poor and average writers received one of 4 taped methods. Two pretests, 8 training trials, and 1 posttest were administered. The K sample binomial test of equal proportions and post hoc multiple comparisons in sample proportions for tests of homogeneity were used to analyze the data. Significant differences were found among the methods on 4 of the 5 characteristics among poor writers. For poor writers, the highest proportions of improvement were noted using 1 of 3 methods. Significant differences were found on 2 of the 5 characteristics for average writers. PMID- 7012783 TI - The 4th dimension of 3-D. PMID- 7012784 TI - Erythrocytosis following renal transplantation. PMID- 7012785 TI - [Thomsen's disease, Sjogren syndrome and other Scandinavian contributions to medical terminology]. PMID- 7012786 TI - [Dental prosthesis as foreign bodies in the respiratory tract and esophagus]. PMID- 7012787 TI - Changing views about temporomandibular pain-dysfunction. PMID- 7012788 TI - [Alphonse Laveran, originator of the concept of coronaro-myocardial pathology]. PMID- 7012790 TI - [Viral origin of Paget's disease of bone. Contribution of electron microscopy and immunocytology of the aetiological diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Despite considerable research work the cause of Paget's disease of bone remains uncertain. In a study of bone tissue from 100 patients with Paget's disease electron microscopy demonstrated alterations of the cells involved in bone remodelling. Osteoblasts showed distinct signs of hyperactivity, and the fibrillar arrangement of the osteoid tissue they produce was irregular. Osteoclasts were very large with numerous nuclei, and their bone-resorption activity was abnormal. Microcylindric inclusions visible in the cytoplasma and nuclei were morphologically comparable to the nucleocapsids of measles virus observed in experimental infections or in human pathology. Immunocytology tests confirmed the presence in osteoclasts of an antigenic material belonging to the measles virus group and cross-reacting with it. The hypothesis of a viral origin for Paget's disease of bone is supported by the chronic course of the condition, the histopathology of bone tissue, the ultrastructural changes in osteoclasts and the immunological results. A virus of the measles virus group probably plays a major role in the etiology of the disease. PMID- 7012789 TI - [Renal transplantation and Salmonella typhimurium infection. Epidemiological study of lysotypes and biotypes (author's transl)]. AB - During an 8-year period (1970-1977), 24 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated in 24 renal transplant recipients. In 19 cases (79%) the infection had an unusual presentation (extradigestive focus or bacteraemia), and 15 of the offending strains belonged to the serotype typhimurium. During the same period 161 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated in 159 adult patients admitted to units other than the renal transplantation unit; 52% of the infections presented as gastroenteritis, and S. typhimurium accounted for only 25% of unusual presentations. However, the lysotypes and biotypes of S. typhimurium were as diverse in the renal transplantation unit as in other hospital units. The study failed to demonstrate interhuman transmission of Salmonella spp. within the renal transplantation unit. PMID- 7012791 TI - [Trial of prevention of common migraine with chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 7012792 TI - [Bartter's syndrome: effect of captopril on arterial pressure]. PMID- 7012794 TI - Rho-independent termination: dyad symmetry in DNA causes RNA polymerase to pause during transcription in vitro. AB - Termination of transcription by RNA polymerase at rho-independent sites appears to depend primarily upon two structural features, a region of GC-rich dyad symmetry in the DNA preceding the stop point and a stretch of uridines at the 3' end of the transcript. The possibility that the former might be responsible for slowing elongation prompted us to perform a kinetic analysis of transcription across the leader and terminator regions of the E. coli tryptophan (trp) operon. Regions where the elongation rate is dramatically slowed or stopped are identifiable because they generate discrete transcript hands on a gel. Species derived from pause sites, unlike those resulting from termination sites, are transient and detectable only within the first two minutes of transcription, since polymerase eventually resumes elongation. At two mutant trp attenuator sites (trp a135 and trp a1419), where termination is incomplete or absent in vitro, a substantial pause is nevertheless observed. Likewise, a significant pause occurs at trp t, the termination site at the end of the operon. Our experiments also reveal a major pause site at about position 90 in the trp leader sequence, just past a region of dyad symmetry. The RNA hairpin corresponding to this site is U-rich, and pausing is strongly enhanced by incorporation of BrUTP. In contrast, this analog does not affect pausing at the attenuator or terminator sites with hairpins that are GC-rich. These results strongly support the hypothesis that pausing of the polymerase is an obligatory prelude to rho independent termination. Moreover, the termination event evidently results from consecutive but discrete responses to separate structural features of these sites. PMID- 7012793 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the very low density lipoprotein II mRNA from chicken. AB - The nucleotide sequence of an almost complete, double-stranded cDNA of chicken Very Low Density Lipoprotein II mRNA, carried in recombinant plasmid pVLDLII 3.33 (Wieringa et al., 1979, 7: 2147-2163) is presented. A stretch of 318 nucleotides codes for the pre-VLDLII polypeptide, which consists of a 24 amino acids signal and a 82 amino acids secreted protein. The coding stretch is flanked by 57 nucleotides in the 5'-leader sequence of the mRNA, and 258 nucleotides in the 3' non-coding region. Hypothetical self-complementary structures of parts of the mRNA are presented. PMID- 7012795 TI - Analysis of reconstruction of an RNP particle which stores 5S RNA and tRNA in amphibian oocytes. AB - Previtellogenic oocytes of Triturus cristatus accumulate a free cytoplasmic RNP which sediments at 40S and contain 5S RNA and tRNA in association with two proteins of MW 45,000 and 39,000 daltons (P45 and P39). The 40S particle has a buoyant density of 1.53 g . cm-3 in CsCl and consists of four identical RNP subunits. Each monomeric subunit contains one molecule of 5S RNA, three molecules of tRNA, two molecules of P45 and one molecule of P39. The 40S particle can be completely dissociated by SDS treatment into its individual components, and the subunits, and even the complete 40S particle, can be reformed by removal of SDS in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl. RNA/protein binding experiments with isolated components, and analysis of reformed RNP complexes in CsCl gradients, demonstrate that the stable interactions are: 5S RNA/P45, 3(tRNA)/P45, 5S RNA/P39 and 5S RNA/P45/P39. Immunological studies show that P45 has also a nuclear location and may bind to the 5S RNA transcript in the chromatin, whereas P39 is predominantly cytoplasmic and is possibly related to proteins associated with 5S RNA in the ribosomal 60S subunit. It is suggested that the 40S RNP particle not only stores 5S RNA and tRNA but also provides a means for the exchange of the 5S RNA transcript binding protein (P45) for the 5S RNA ribosome associated protein (P39). PMID- 7012796 TI - Escherichia coli ribosome unfolding in low Mg2+ solutions observed by laser Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. AB - Ribosomes unfolded by the removal of Mg2+ at 25 degrees C were studied by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Raman spectra showed a reduction in the 813 cm-1 phosphodiester signal of 30S and 50S ribosomes compared to intact ribosomes, suggesting that a fraction of the ribose moieties had shifted from the 3' endo (ordered) to the 3' exo (disordered) conformation. The maximum diameters of unfolded 30S and 50S ribosomes, judged by electron microscopy, were 1.8 and 2.5 fold greater, respectively, than those of intact ribosomes. Most unfolded 30S ribosomes had three distinct structural domains and appeared "Y-shaped"; whereas most unfolded 50S ribosomes had four distinct domains and appeared "X-shaped". When ribosomes were partially unfolded (by brief exposure to 0.04 mM Mg2+ or EDTA), several possible intermediates in the unfolding process were observed. Both the shapes of particles and their Raman spectra reached the same final state in 0.04 mM Mg2+, where more than 50% of the rRNA phosphates are discharged by Mg2+, as in 10 mM EDTA, where less than 1% are discharged. PMID- 7012797 TI - Down memory lane: they are never small adults. PMID- 7012798 TI - [RAST and RIST--new radioimmunological methods in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7012799 TI - Professionalism and principles of ethics-changing concepts for dentistry. PMID- 7012800 TI - [Clinical value of hemoglobin A1 determination in the control of diabetes]. PMID- 7012801 TI - [Blood serum C-peptide level after arginine stimulation in the early and later stage of insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7012804 TI - [Artificial liver - history and present-day status]. PMID- 7012802 TI - [Blood serum growth hormone and insulin concentration in persons with normal body weight, obese patients without carbohydrate intolerance and obese diabetics after L-dopa loading test]. PMID- 7012803 TI - [Hypereosinophilia and heart disease]. PMID- 7012805 TI - [Clinical significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women]. PMID- 7012807 TI - [Decaris - a drug from the immunomodulator group - in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis]. PMID- 7012806 TI - [Treatment of simple obesity with mazindol under sanatorium conditions]. PMID- 7012808 TI - [Effect of calcemia changes on insulin secretion in adult-onset diabetes]. PMID- 7012809 TI - [Adverse effects and interactions of oral antidiabetics]. PMID- 7012810 TI - The diagnostic significance of flow cytometric nuclear DNA measurement in gastroscopic diagnosis of the stomach. AB - Cell material obtained from 161 patients by gastroscopic aided brushing was compared cytologically and DNA flow cytometrically and evaluated by mathematical discriminant analysis. Whereas all but one of the cytologically confirmed malignant cases were also positive (malignant) in flow cytometry, the DNA determination failed in 6 of the 19 cytologically suspicious cases, having been classified as negative (benign) by cytometry. Out of all cytologically unequivocal malignant and suspected cases, 18% (7 cases) were false-negative in flow cytometry. The false-positive rate was 39% (47 cases). 5% of the material was classified as inadequate for diagnosis (8 cases) by flow cytometry. The false negative rate of flow analysis in cytologically suspicious cases is apparently caused by a less pronounced increase of DNA content in the cell nuclei of these cases. Reactive gastric mucosa alterations such a inflammations, erosions or ulcers exhibited increased cell nuclear DNA. According to these results, DNA determination can be used as an automated diagnostic procedure for tumour detection only in combination with other measuring criteria. PMID- 7012811 TI - Presence of alpha1-antichymotrypsin and alpha1-antitrypsin in haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue cells as revealed by the immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 7012812 TI - Histometric and fine-structural analysis of pig glomeruli after experimental protracted shock. AB - Glomeruli of control and shock-treated, 6-8-week-old pigs (n = 16 specific pathogen-free) were analyzed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and morphometry. In eight of the animals the shock was induced using a neurotoxin of the E. coli serotype O 139: k82 (B). The animals were killed 47 to 264 hours post injection. In semithin sections a significant mesangial widening and increase of the mesangial nuclei count was demonstrated. The volume of the mesangium was 11.1% in the control animals and increased to 19.6% after protracted shock. By electron microscopy we ascertained a distinct activation of the mesangial cells concomitant with an increase of ribosomes, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, lysosomes and a fusion of the epithelial pedicles. The surrounding mesangial matrix was enlarged. In this paper the significance of this mesenchymal reaction in relation to shock situations is discussed. PMID- 7012813 TI - Immune surveillance and tumor defense mechanisms. PMID- 7012815 TI - Automated data sampling in sections from selected liver diseases. PMID- 7012817 TI - Struma-reticulosa and reticulum-cell sarcoma of the stomach and oesophagus. PMID- 7012816 TI - Chronic congestive heart failure. Eight steps in management. AB - Management of chronic heart failure should include clinical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and to search for treatable causes, bed rest to reduce work of the heart, digitalis therapy to improve myocardial contractility and/or rate control with atrial fibrillation, and restriction of sodium intake and administration of diuretics to reduce congestion. Vasodilators may be helpful, and anticoagulation is recommended to prevent thromboembolism. In highly selected patients with refractory heart failure, cardiac transplantation may be considered. PMID- 7012814 TI - Detection of immune deposits in glomeruli. Light-, fluorescence- and electron microscopic investigation of consecutive sections. AB - Methods which permit a close comparative light-, fluorescence- and electron microscopical investigation of kidney tissue are lacking. In this study is described a technique for handling of formalin sections, 40 micrometer-160 micrometer thick in preparatory steps which include proteolytic treatment for "unmasking" of immune deposits and which end in Epon embedded, consecutive semithin and ultrathin sections. These are shown to be able to use for detailed immuno-morphological comparison. PMID- 7012819 TI - How sick was Napoleon? PMID- 7012818 TI - Once daily combination therapy for hypertension. PMID- 7012820 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of coping with diagnosis and intra-familial coping mechanisms in childhood spina bifida and hydrocephalus]. PMID- 7012821 TI - [Age- and sex-specific changes in frustration reactions in children and adolescents. Results of a study using the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Test (PFT)]. PMID- 7012822 TI - [Antibiotics and renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012823 TI - Serine transhydroxymethylase: a simplified radioactive assay; purification and stabilization of enzyme activity employing Affi-Gel Blue. AB - An improved radioactive assay has been developed for serine transhydroxymethylase. This assay involves the direct measurement of the [14C]HCHO which is generated when [3- 14C]-serine is employed as the substrate. The new assay eliminates the need for a solvent extraction of a [14C]HCHO-dimedon adduct which is the basis of the assay devised by Taylor and Weissbach. The enzyme has been purified employing Affi-Gel Blue. The purified enzyme retains full activity when bound to this affinity chromatography matrix and can be stored in this state at 4 degrees indefinitely. PMID- 7012824 TI - A procedure for the rapid preparation of 14C-aminoacyl-transfer RNA and its use in the assay of class I ribonucleases and ribonuclease inhibitor. AB - The presence of ribonuclease inhibitor and/or the activity of class I ribonucleases can conveniently be measured, at all stages of purification, by a highly sensitive assay based on the loss of radioactivity during the concomitant hydrolysis of tRNA and small amounts of 14C-labeled aminoacyl-tRNA. The rapid, economical assay, which is readily adaptable to homologous tRNA substrates, eliminates the necessity of filtration, centrifugation and ultraviolet spectroscopy measurements required by most other assays and is particularly suitable for multiple samples and kinetic measurements. PMID- 7012826 TI - [Influence of oxygen saturation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspension in a magnetic field on yeast activity]. AB - The suspension of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, race 14, was exposed to a magnetic field, oxygen saturation, and oxygen saturation in the magnetic field. It was found that saturation of the yeast suspension passed at a rate of 1--3 m/min through a magnetic field of 3.10(5)--4.10(5) A/m with molecular oxygen at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to reach a concentration of 16--20 mg/l resulted increases of the yeast rising force, gas formation, 1.5--2.0-fold fermentation rate, 3.7-fold maltase activity, and 3-fold dough viscosity as compared to the control. PMID- 7012825 TI - [Synthesis and hydrolysis lipids in microorganisms (a review)]. AB - The review presents current concepts of the synthesis and hydrolysis of phospholipids and triglycerides of microorganisms. The paper discusses differences in the synthesis of phospholipids in micro- and macroorganisms as well as properties an reversal of action of lipases (triglyceride hydrolases) in microorganisms. PMID- 7012828 TI - [Genetic variants (cis and trans) of the AB group in the isoserological ABO system]. PMID- 7012829 TI - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome]. PMID- 7012827 TI - [Purification and characterization of beta-fructofuranosidase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Intracellular invertase was isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, race XI, and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The effect of pH, temperature, metal ions, thiolic agents, and EDTA on the enzyme activity and stability was investigated. The enzyme was estimated to have a molecular weight of 270 000 and a carbohydrate content of 20--30%. By disc-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing the highly purified enzyme was found to be heterogenous. Its molecular forms had isoelectric points at 3.0, 4.0, 4.5, and 4.9. PMID- 7012831 TI - [Preoperative hemostasis and blood transfusion tactics in phthisiosurgical interventions with massive blood loss]. PMID- 7012830 TI - [Activities of the Tuberculosis Chair of the Central Institute of Graduate Training of Physicians 1931-1980]. PMID- 7012832 TI - Characterization of a protease apparently involved in processing of pre-ornithine transcarbamylase of rat liver. AB - The precursor of rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase; carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) (pre-ornithine transcarbamylase), which was synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free system, was converted to an apparently mature form of the enzyme by isolated rat liver mitochondria. The proteolytic processing involved two steps: (i) conversion of pre-ornithine transcarbamylase (39,400 daltons) to a product of about 37,000 daltons and (ii) further conversion to the apparently mature form of the enzyme (36,00 daltons). When mitochondria were subfractionated by digitonin treatment followed by sonication of a mitoplast fraction, the proteolytic activity catalyzing the first step was recovered mainly in a matrix fraction. Some activity was found in an intermembrane space fraction. The enzyme activity in the matrix fraction has an optimal pH at about 7.5. The activity was inhibited almost completely by 2 mM leupeptin and partly by 2 mM antipain but not significantly by other microbial protease inhibitors or serine protease inhibitors. It was inhibited strongly by 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate, 2 mM p chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, and 2 mM Hg(CH3COO)2 but not by N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide. These results suggest that pre-ornithine transcarbamylase is first transported into the mitochondrial matrix and converted there to the mature form of the enzyme by a novel neutral protease(s). PMID- 7012833 TI - Feedback regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression in Escherichia coli: structural homology of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein MRNA. AB - Certain ribosomal proteins (r proteins) in Escherichia coli, such as S4 and S7, function as feedback repressors in the regulation of r-protein synthesis. These proteins inhibit the translation of their own mRNA. The repressor r proteins so far identified are also known to bind specifically to rRNA at an initial stage in ribosome assembly. We have found structural homology between the S7 binding region on 16S rRNA and a region of the mRNA where S7 acts as a translational repressor. Similarly, there is structural homology between one of the reported S4 binding regions on 16S rRNA and the mRNA target site for S4. The observed homology supports the concept that regulation by repressor r proteins is based on competition between rRNA and mRNA for these proteins and that the same structural features and of the r proteins are used in their interactions with both rRNA and mRNA. PMID- 7012834 TI - Nucleotide sequence and expression of Escherichia coli trpR, the structural gene for the trp aporepressor. AB - The nucleotide sequence of trpR of Escherichia coli was determined. This gene codes for a polypeptide (Mr 12,356) that is 108 amino acid residues in length. NH2-terminal, COOH-terminal, and total amino acid analyses of purified aporepressor agree with the deduced amino acid sequence and establish the translation start and stop codons of the structural gene. The transcription start site for trpR mRNA synthesis in vitro was shown to be 56 base pairs prior to the translation start site. The nucleotide sequence on either side of the transcription start site is homologous to the trp operon operator. Purified trp aporepressor, when activated by L-tryptophan, protects restriction sites in this region, the presumed trpR operator, from cleavage by the respective restriction endonucleases. Bound RNA polymerase protects the same restriction sites. These findings and the additional observation that trp repressor inhibits transcription initiation in vitro establish that there is a functional overlap of operator and promoter sequences in the regulatory region of the trpR operon. These findings indicate that expression of trpR is autoregulatory. PMID- 7012835 TI - Inhibition of biological activity of multiplication-stimulating activity by binding to its carrier protein. AB - Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) produced by Buffalo rat liver cells (BRL-3A) in culture is related to the somatomedin family of growth regulatory polypeptides. MSA will stimulate glucose transport and DNA synthesis in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) at concentrations of 10-200 ng/ml. MSA found in BRL-3A-conditioned medium, like the somatomedins in serum, does not exist as the free hormone but is bound to a specific high molecular weight carrier protein. In this report we demonstrate that purified MSA carrier protein (MCP) inhibits the biological activity of MSA on CEF as measured by the stimulation of glucose transport and DNA synthesis. In addition, purified MCP competitively inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled MSA to these cells. In control experiments in which insulin was used as the mitogenic agent, MCP had no effect on these biological responses. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of MCP is the result of specific interaction with MSA and support the hypothesis that cells may be unresponsive to somatomedins bound to their serum carrier proteins. PMID- 7012836 TI - Replication of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli. AB - Plasmid pBR322 derives from plasmid ColE1 and does not replicate in Escherichia coli strains lacking DNA polymerase I. Hybrids between pBR322 and a plasmid isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, pC194, replicate in such E. coli strains, provided that the pC194 replication region is intact. Inactivation of the pBR322 replication region does not interfere with the replication of hybrids in E. coli. Hybrids between pBR322 and two other plasmids from S. aureus, pT127 and pUB112, and replicate at the restrictive temperature in E. coli having thermosensitive DNA polymerase I. Similar hybrids involving pC221 and pHV400, plasmids from S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, do not replicate under such conditions. These results show that some plasmids from a Gram-positive bacterium, S. aureus, can replicate in a Gram-negative one, E. coli. PMID- 7012838 TI - Broad host range DNA cloning system for gram-negative bacteria: construction of a gene bank of Rhizobium meliloti. AB - A broad host range cloning vehicle that can be mobilized at high frequency into Gram-negative bacteria has been constructed from the naturally occurring antibiotic resistance plasmid RK2. The vehicle is 20 kilobase pairs in size, encodes tetracycline resistance, and contains two single restriction enzyme sites suitable for cloning. Mobilization is effected by a helper plasmid consisting of the RK2 transfer genes linked to a ColE1 replicon. By use of this plasmid vehicle, a gene bank of the DNA from a wild-type strain of Rhizobium meliloti has been constructed and established in Escherichia coli. One of the hybrid plasmids in the bank contains a DNA insert of approximately 26 kilobase pairs which has homology to the nitrogenase structural gene region of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 7012837 TI - Inversions of specific DNA segments in flagellar phase variation of Salmonella and inversion systems of bacteriophages P1 and Mu. AB - Prophages P1 and Mu produces a trans-acting factor possessing the din+ activity which catalyzes the inversion of the specific DNA segment responsible for flagellar phase variation of Salmonella, din mutants were isolated from PICMclr100 phage by selecting phages that did not suppress the yh2 mutation of Salmonella in prophage state. No inversion loop structure was detected among DNA forms arising after denaturation and rehybridization of DNAs extracted from the din mutants. The DNA fragment containing C region of P1 was cloned on a plasmid vector, pCR1. The resulting hybrid plasmid, pKK2, was shown to possess the din+ activity: the vh2 mutant of Salmonella harboring the plasmid changed the flagellar phase. From analysis of the plasmid by use of BamHI and Bgl II, the din gene specifying the din+ activity was located near or within the C region of P1. It is highly plausible that the din gene of P1 was also involved in the inversion of the C region. Similarly, the DNA fragment containing the G and beta segments of Mu was cloned on pCR1. The resulting hybrid plasmid, pII101, also possessed the din+ activity. PMID- 7012839 TI - In vivo germinal mutation detection with "monospecific" antibody against lactate dehydrogenase-X. AB - This report describes developments toward a cell specific-locus test for measuring point mutations directly in sperm based upon the use of a monospecific antibody against sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X). The antibody recognizes amino acid differences between mouse and rat LDH-X molecules. In general, mouse sperm do not bind the monospecific antibody against rat LDH-X, but a few exceptional mouse sperm do. Such mouse sperm are believed to contain LDH-X molecules in which an amino acid normally present in mouse LDH-X has been exchanged with one present in rat LDH-X at a place where rat and mouse enzymes are antigenically different. Thus, in the fluorescent antibody technique, mouse sperm carrying normal LDH-X do not stain but the sperm containing mutated enzyme do stain. By using this technique, the spontaneous presumptive mutation frequency in DBA/2 mice was found to be 0.43 X 10(-6); it increased to 7.6 X 10(-6) upon procarbazine treatment of the mice. PMID- 7012842 TI - National Academy of Sciences October 1, 1980. PMID- 7012840 TI - Insulin release, insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. AB - Groups of subjects with different degrees of glucose intolerance were examined in order to determine, first, the capacity of the beta cells to release insulin upon glucose stimulation and, second, sensitivity to insulin. The groups were selected on the basis of fasting blood glucose value and tolerances to oral and intravenous glucose administration. The body weights, ages, and sexes of the subjects were well matched with those of control subjects with normal tolerances to oral and intravenous glucose administration. Computer analysis of the glucose and insulin curves during a standardized glucose infusion test made possible the measurement of the initiatory (parameters KI and IP) and potentiatory (parameter KP) effects of glucose on insulin release and of the sensitivity to endogenous insulin (parameter KG). In subjects with impaired oral but normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests, KG was decreased, KP was increased, and KI and IP were normal. However, in these subjects, KI and IP were considerably lower than in a matched group of control subjects with the same decrease in KG but with normal oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tets. In subjects in which both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were impaired and in subjects with mild manifest diabetes, KI, IP, and KG were decreased whereas KP was normal. These data suggest that all stages of glucose intolerance are accompanied by a decreased ability of glucose to initiate insulin release and by decreased sensitivity to insulin. These derangements seem to be partially compensated for by enhancement of the capacity of glucose to potentiate insulin release in subjects with decreased oral but normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 7012843 TI - Direct action of prostaglandins on renin release from rat renal cortical slices. PMID- 7012841 TI - Preparation of antibodies specific to choline acetyltransferase from bovine caudate nucleus and immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (CATase; acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) has been purified from bovine caudate nucleus. The specific activity of the pure enzyme was 120-160 mumol of acetylcholine formed per mg per min. The purified enzyme separated into two bands (band A and band B) when electrophoresed in a pH 4.3 gradient gel. Both bands exhibited CATase activity. Antisera were prepared in rabbits to each form. Immunotitrations using either antisera resulted in quantitative precipitation of CATase activity from enzyme preparations at all stages of purification. Both antisera produced single immunoprecipitin lines in double-diffusion experiments when run against the enzyme at each stage of purity. Immunoprecipitin lines cut from double-diffusion gels contained CATase activity, demonstrating that the observed reaction was due to antibody interaction with the enzyme. Immunoelectrophoresis also showed a single immunoprecipitin line against the purified enzyme as well as against a crude caudate extract. These results indicated that immunochemically pure and specific antisera have been prepared to bovine CATase and that both the A and B forms of the enzyme have common antigenic sites. The antisera were utilized to localize the enzyme in bovine brain. The localization was exclusively neuronal with both antisera, and both forms of CATase were present in the same population of neurons. Subtle differences in the precise intracellular distribution of enzyme were observed with the two antisera, indicating that although the two molecular forms of CATase have antigenic sites in common they are not antigenically identical. PMID- 7012844 TI - Chemical structures associated with antispasmodic activity. PMID- 7012845 TI - On the mechanism of angiotensin II induced release of prostacyclin. PMID- 7012846 TI - Disaggregatory action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. PMID- 7012847 TI - Diabetic neuropathies: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. PMID- 7012848 TI - [The effect of cholesterol on the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum]. PMID- 7012849 TI - Biopharmaceutical study of insulin suppositories. AB - The possibility of insulin administration in suppository dosage form was studied, using different carriers. Highly significantly insulin absorption from the rabbit rectum was obtained by inserting insulin suppositories containing Brij 58 as absorption-promoting surfactant. PMID- 7012851 TI - The effect of an oxygenating agent upon recurrent aphthous stomatitis -- a double blind clinical trial. AB - Fifty subjects enrolled in a double-blind clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a solution of carbamide peroxide in 10% glycerol upon healing time and pain relief of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. No apparent difference was experienced in either duration of healing or pain relief between the 25 subjects who received the active medication and the 25 subjects who received a placebo. PMID- 7012850 TI - The pharmacologic alteration of renin release. PMID- 7012852 TI - Double-blind evaluation of naproxen and ibuprofen in periodontal surgery. AB - A double-blind evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of a single dose of naproxen, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen was performed on 98 patients who had undergone periodontal surgery. A statistically significant difference was found when the effect of these medications was compared with that of a placebo, but no statistically significant difference was found among these three drugs. No side effects resulted from the use of these medications. PMID- 7012853 TI - Transport of neutral amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. AB - The movement of neutral amino acids across the blood-brain barrier is bidirectional, however, blood to brain transport is much better characterized than brain to blood transport. Available evidence points to the existence of a single transport system (system L) at the luminal capillary surface. The properties of this system place constraints on possible mechanisms of regulating blood-brain neutral amino acid transport activity. One property, mediation of exchange transport, suggests that amino acid influx is coupled to efflux, particularly efflux of glutamine, synthesized in glial astrocytes from ammonia and glutamic acid. Such a coupling could account for increased blood-brain neutral amino acid transport in liver disease and decreased transport activity after treatment with methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 7012854 TI - Photosensitized inactivation of E. coli cells in toluidine blue-light system. PMID- 7012856 TI - Induced repair in Escherichia coli: induction by ultraviolet light at -79 degrees C. PMID- 7012855 TI - 1,4-Diphenylbutadiyne, a new non-photodynamic phototoxic compound. PMID- 7012857 TI - Genetic control of near-UV sensitivity independent of excision deficiency (uvrA6) in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 7012858 TI - Teratogenic aspects of manganese, zinc, and copper nutrition. PMID- 7012860 TI - Tissue interactions with nonionizing electromagnetic fields. PMID- 7012859 TI - Intracellular pH. PMID- 7012861 TI - Eugene Markley Landis. 25th president of the American Physiological Society. PMID- 7012862 TI - Arlie V. Bock--physiologist. A vignette. PMID- 7012863 TI - William Harvey and the physiology of reproduction. PMID- 7012864 TI - Analysis of behavioural deficits produced by lesions in the dorsal and ventral midbrain tegmentum. PMID- 7012865 TI - Aphagia, gastric pathology, hyperthermia, and sensorimotor dysfunctions following lateral hypothalamic lesions: effects of insulin pretreatments. PMID- 7012866 TI - Systemic insulin decreases lateral hypothalamic unit activity. PMID- 7012868 TI - Early vegetative segregation of mitochondrial genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7012867 TI - Elimination of plastids during spermatogenesis and fertilization in the plant kingdom. PMID- 7012869 TI - Partitioning of plasmid R1 in Escherichia coli. II. Incompatibility properties of the partitioning system. PMID- 7012870 TI - A rapid method of determining the incompatibility group of R plasmid. PMID- 7012871 TI - Replication and incompatibility of F and plasmids in the IncFI Group. PMID- 7012872 TI - The maintenance of the P1 plasmid prophage. PMID- 7012873 TI - Inheritance functions of group IncFII transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids. PMID- 7012875 TI - Mechanical reduction in pressure and pulse pressure decreases the ability of hypertensive rat aortas to produce 'PGI2-like' activity. PMID- 7012874 TI - Prostaglandin levels and renin activity in renal venous blood of patients with renal hypertension. AB - In view of the possible role of prostaglandins /PG/ in the pathogenesis of hypertension we have determined PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels simultaneously with plasma renin activity/PRA/ in renal venous and caval venous blood in 13 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis/RAS/ and in six untreated patients with unilateral parenchymal renal disease/PRD/. Four patients with essential hypertension were the control group. PG levels and PRA were estimated by RIA. In patients with RAS the mean PGE2 level as well as PRA was higher on the side of the stenosis. No such difference was found in the PGF2 alpha level. There was a significant correlation between the renal vein PGE2 ratio and renin ratio /stenotic side versus contralateral side/ r=0.520, 0.02 less than p less than 0.05. In patients with PRD prostaglandin levels in venous blood of the affected kidney were similar to that of venous caval blood, but markedly elevated in the venous blood of the contralateral kidney. PRA was similar on both sides. The data obtained in this study indicate, that prostaglandins in renal venous blood behave differently in hypertensive patients with RAS and PRD. In patients with RAS augmented PGE2 release may serve as a protective mechanism. In patients with PRD, the increased PG level in the non-affected kidney may reflect a compensatory mechanism in spite of the atrophic process in the affected kidney. PMID- 7012876 TI - Prostaglandins and the alpha-cell. AB - Experimental evidence has recently accumulated indicating that administration of some prostaglandins (PGs), particularly those of the E series, can evoke release of glucagon by the pancreatic alpha-cells. Virtually, all the in vitro studies (isolated perfused rat pancreas, isolated guinea-pig islets) agree that PGs can increase both basal and stimulated glucagon release. On the other hand, inhibition of PG synthesis with indomethacin blocks glucagon release. In rats and in normal humans, PGE1, but not PGA2 or PGF2a, causes a progressive rise of plasma glucagon levels. While in the rat this response seems independent of the adrenergic nervous system, in man the hyperglucagonemia induced by PGE1 is easily suppressed by propranolol, suggesting an interaction between the prostaglandin and the beta-receptors of the alpha-cell. Studies with inhibitors of PG synthesis in vivo have yielded conflicting results, depending on the particular experimental protocol used and on the type of inhibitor tested. In normal humans, it seems that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has no effect on glucagon response to arginine, tolbutamide and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conversely, a stimulator of PG synthesis, such as furosemide, increases glucagon response to an arginine pulse in man. In insulin-dependent diabetics, who present an exaggerated glucagon response to stimulants, ASA fails to alter glucagon response to arginine, but completely blunts the glucagon response to salbutamol, a weak beta-2 receptor agonist. In conclusion, these observations provide evidence in support to a role for PGs, at least PGE, in the contro of glucagon release. PMID- 7012877 TI - Differential effects of pharmacological agents acting on monoaminergic systems on drug-induced anorexia. PMID- 7012878 TI - Responders and nonresponders to chlordiazepoxide and placebo: a discriminant function analysis. PMID- 7012880 TI - [Personological examination of some original pictures of the works of Hieronymus Bosch]. AB - In his work, Hieronymus Bosch advocates the mediaeval conception of the inherence of vices and the biological origin of the evil and believes that these are embodies by Nature herself in physiologically abnormal forms. In his painting "The Carrying of the Cross", the hangmen are represented with a pronounced prognathism, with hooked noses and exophthalmus. The authors hold the opinion that these are faces of diseased people with cranio-facial dysostosis (Crouzon's disease), which they substantiate by the representation of their own observation of such a patient. The problems of the relations between the real and the imaginary in the art of painting is discussed from the aspect of art-scientific methodological and clinical-psychological aspects. PMID- 7012882 TI - [Genetics and schizophrenia. Reevaluation of a consensus]. PMID- 7012881 TI - [J. M. G. Itard and the child known under the same of "Savage of Aveyron"]. PMID- 7012879 TI - Antihypoxidotic and nootropic drugs: proof of their encephalotropic and pharmacodynamic properties by quantitative EEG investigations. PMID- 7012883 TI - Physostigmine induction of depressive symptomatology in normal human subjects. AB - Nine normal volunteers, screened for the absence of a personal or family history of affective disorders and free of concurrent marijuana usage, received intravenous infusions of high dose physostigmine or saline in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced paradigm. Self-rating and observer ratings both demonstrated a statistically significant, physostigmine associated increase in depressive-type symptoms in the group as a whole, particularly pronounced in certain individuals. These results are the first report of physostigmine associated depressive symptomatology in normal subjects. While our findings are discrepant with two previous studies, our use of multiple self-ratings, and some differences in physostigmine dosage and infusion times might have contributed to this difference. These findings suggest that high dose physostigmine may represent a pharmacological model of depression in normal subjects, or alternatively may be diagnostic of vulnerability to affective disorder in certain subjects free of a previous history of affective disturbances. PMID- 7012884 TI - Cognitive styles: essence and origins. Field dependence and field independence. PMID- 7012885 TI - Life events and manifestations of ischemic heart disease. Epidemiological and psychophysiological aspects. AB - Recent psychophysiological and epidemiological evidence from both retrospective and prospective research is discussed with regard to relationship between life events and ischemic heart disease. Differences in the perception of and in the physiological reactions to life events in the real life situation of myocardial infarction patients are analyzed with respect to both the individual coping styles, that are learned, and the highly complex underlying hemodynamical mechanisms, that are genetically determined to some extent. It is argued that a more complete understanding of this relationship could form a basis for preventive action. PMID- 7012888 TI - Oral rehydration therapy -- an overview. PMID- 7012887 TI - Social causes of coronary heart disease. AB - By combining the results of prospective and other studies with cross-national and time series analyses of death rates, it is possible to roughly quantify the relative contribution of various causal factors to excess mortality. When coronary heart disease is treated in this way, it is apparent that broad social forces are its main causal factors. Primary among these forces are overwork and various kinds of social disruption. These in turn are at the center of the typical social transformation which accompanies modern economic growth (capitalism). PMID- 7012886 TI - Behavioral risk factors and coronary heart disease. AB - After a historical review, three clusters of social psychological variables are discussed: (1) socioeconomic factors and social disorganization; (2) sustained, intensely disturbing emotions, and (3) behavioral risk factors characterized by the hard-driving, type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. Empirical evidence from the bulk of research on various aspects of these risk factors suggests that the three clusters have a significant bearing on the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Reduction of behavioral risk factors should concentrate on three interventions: (1) reducing the type A pattern; (2) treating emotional drain and exhaustion, and (3) treating sustained episodes of interpersonal conflict. PMID- 7012889 TI - Male infertility - an overview. PMID- 7012890 TI - Intracellular studies on transmitter effects on neurones in isolated brain slices. AB - Brain slice preparations seem to offer an opportunity to study the mechanism of action of some drugs. They allow long-lasting intracellular recording of good quality. Measurement of membrane parameters may be made under conditions in which drugs may be applied to the bath, by the microdrop method or by one or several iontophoretic electrode assembles to various positions on the same cell. Combined with microsurgery and various pre-treatments of the animal, the slice technique may extent our knowledge on the detailed mechanisms of drug interaction with particular neurons. A useful development of this technique probably requires a continuous comparison between the results obtained from slices with those acquired from experiments on the same cell types in intact preparations. PMID- 7012891 TI - Orientation and mobility of molecules in membranes studied by polarized light spectroscopy. PMID- 7012892 TI - Zone-plate X-ray microscopy. PMID- 7012893 TI - Relation between structure and function of alpha/beta-proteins. PMID- 7012894 TI - Similarities of protein topologies: evolutionary divergence, functional convergence or principles of folding? PMID- 7012895 TI - A modified acid-etch technique for the restoration of anterior incisal edge fractures. PMID- 7012896 TI - The acid etch technique in fixed prosthesis: an update (II). PMID- 7012897 TI - Gnathologic tooth preparation (V). PMID- 7012898 TI - The Ceka-Anchor, an attachment for overdentures. PMID- 7012900 TI - Lethal effects of high-voltage pulses on E. coli K12. AB - The lethal effects of high-voltage capacitor-discharges in suspensions of E. coli K12 with varying electrolytes have been examined. A reduction of more than 99.9% of living cells, dependent on the applied voltage could be proved. The bactericidal action is assumed to be due to direct effects of high electric fields. Electrolytically produced chlorine was shown to act as an additional toxic agent, when chloride is present in the treated medium. The relative survival rate of bacteria has been found to depend also on the concentration of cells during pulse treatment. PMID- 7012899 TI - Analysis of flow cytometric data of irradiated cell populations. AB - Flow cytometry (FCM) and autoradiography have been applied to determine changes in the cell kinetics of irradiated cells. Synchronized L-929 cells were irradiated with 10 Gy of X-rays when progressing from B1- to S-phase of the cell cycle. In this study three methods to analyse DNA histograms were tested for applicability on FCM data obtained from cell populations blocked or retarded in the cycle: A) the Gaussian integral method, B) the peak-half-reflection method, and C) the rectangle method. Since histograms from synchronized cells are heavily distorted as compared to those obtained from exponentially growing cells and are quite similar to histograms from irradiated cells, they were used to test the suitability of the evaluation methods. Comparing the evaluated FCM data with the autoradiographic results from the same experimental series, the Gaussian integral method proved to be superior to the two other relatively simple approximation methods. The FCM histograms of irradiated cells were therefore analyzed only by the Gaussian integral method. It was shown that a considerable fraction of cells is still in the S-phase 25 h post irradiation, the DNA synthesis of which had ceased, as shown by autoradiography. This indicated that parallel measurements using FCM and autoradiography yield additional information on cell kinetic changes that cannot be obtained from applying one of the two methods used. PMID- 7012902 TI - Oxygen as a product of water radiolysis in high-LET tracks. II. Radiobiological implications. PMID- 7012901 TI - Microcalorimetric investigations of the metabolism of yeasts. VII. Flow calorimetry of aerobic batch cultures. AB - The heat evolution of aerobic batch cultures of growing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in glucose media was investigated by a combination of a flow microcalorimeter with a fermentor vessel. The course of heat production, cell production and the rate of oxygen consumption were qualitatively the same for all glucose concentrations between 10 mM and 100 mM. Under optimal aerobic conditions a triphasic growth was observed due to the fermentation of glucose to ethanol, respiration of ethanol to CO2 and acetate, and respiration of acetate to CO2. Energy and carbon were found to be in balance for all glucose concentrations. PMID- 7012903 TI - Meat preservation in Scotland. PMID- 7012904 TI - [Induction of double-stranded breaks in DNA as affected by gamma radiation and their repair in Escherichia coli cells]. PMID- 7012905 TI - [Role of sequential exposure to ultrasound and ionizing radiation in yeast cell survival]. PMID- 7012906 TI - [Current radioecology problems in light of goals of atomic power engineering]. PMID- 7012907 TI - The Society and College of Radiographers-60 years on. PMID- 7012908 TI - Some notable early contributors to radiography-Thompson, Jackson and Campbell Swinton. PMID- 7012909 TI - The S.I.C.U. chest radiograph after massive blunt trauma. PMID- 7012910 TI - Are "occult" intra-abdominal and extraperitoneal injuries really occult? PMID- 7012912 TI - Radionuclide imaging in blunt trauma. PMID- 7012911 TI - Radiology of the bladder and urethra in blunt pelvic trauma. AB - Appropriate radiologic studies are mandatory for assessing the extent and nature of lower urinary tract injuries following blunt pelvic trauma. A flow sheet summarizing these radiographic studies is presented in Figure 24. With pelvic fracture, two injuries may be found--extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder and rupture of the posterior urethra. In some patients, these injuries may be combined. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder occurs as a result of a blow to the lower abdomen or pelvis in patients whose urinary bladder is distended at the time of injury. A pelvic fracture may or may not be present. Anterior urethral injuries are more commonly associated with instrumentation in the male patient; they may, however, occur as a result of blunt injury to the external genitalia or perineum. PMID- 7012914 TI - Computed tomography of spinal fractures. PMID- 7012915 TI - [Reticulum cell sarcoma (large cell or histiocytic lymphoma) of the lung as a rare cause of intrapulmonary cavitation. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of pulmonary cavitation due to a histiocytic lymphoma, as the primary manifestation of the disease, is presented. A brief discussion of the pathological and radiological features follows. The differential diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis are mentioned. PMID- 7012913 TI - Diagnostic challenges in closed head trauma. PMID- 7012916 TI - [Angiography of the orbit (author's transl)]. AB - Advances in angiography of the orbit are presented. Angiography is done by selective catheterisation of the internal carotid artery or of the branches of the external carotid artery supplying the periorbital area. Since the procedure is done without heavy sedation or even general anesthesia, the patient can follow instructions and move his eyeballs or open or close his eyelids if wanted for the procedure. Magnification angiography and subsequent subtraction is necessary to obtain good images of the globe permitting visualisation of even the smallest vessels in the choroid layer. PMID- 7012917 TI - [Osteonecroses in children with chronic renal diseases before and after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - From 1969 to 1980 202 children suffering from chronic renal insufficiency underwent treatment in the Children's Hospital of Heidelberg University. In 36 patients kidney transplantation were performed. Two children developed femoral head necroses before transplantation without corticosteroid therapy. Three patients developed femoral head necroses in one or both sides within one to 24 months after kidney transplantation. All children with femoral head necrosis were suffering from congenital renal disease and had a history of severe renal osteodystrophy which was followed by severe coxa vara. Coxa vara and the resulting faulty loading seem to be essential factors for the development of femoral head necrosis in patients with renal insufficiency before and after kidney transplantation. PMID- 7012918 TI - Digital angiography: a perspective. PMID- 7012919 TI - Digital video subtraction angiography of renal vascular abnormalities. AB - A digital subtraction system for performing intravenous angiography has been developed and applied to the diagnosis of renal vascular abnormalities. A total of 35 patients underwent 39 intravenous angiographic examinations for a variety of renal-related clinical indications. Satisfactory examinations were achieved in 36 cases (92%) with a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. Digital video subtraction angiography is an outpatient procedure that is accurate, safe, and inexpensive to perform. PMID- 7012920 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries. Comparison with conventional aortography. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to study the cardiovascular system in more than 400 patients and was specifically compared with conventional angiography of the aorta and renal arteries in 30 patients. For the renal arteries, the overall accuracy of DSA was 71% (50/70). Excluding 11 cases of inadequate visualization of the renal arteries on DSA, the sensitivity of the new technique was 93% (55/59) and the specificity 91.5% (54/59). Aortic disease, including intravascular clots and occlusions, was faithfully delineated by DSA. PMID- 7012921 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the carotid arteries: a comparative study in 100 patients. AB - Conventional angiography and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were used to examine the common carotid artery bifurcations in 100 patients with clinically suspected arteriosclerotic disease. In 60% of the patients, the quality of the DSA examination was good or excellent bilaterally; in 23%, the quality was good or excellent on one side; in the remaining 17%, both bifurcations were poorly visualized. There was excellent correlation of conventional and digital angiograms when the carotid bifurcations were well visualized with DSA (sensitivity 95%, specificity 99%, accuracy 97%). When the carotid bifurcations were not well visualized with DSA, there was a substantial chance for misinterpretation of the study (sensitivity 54%, specificity 70%, accuracy 64%). Digital subtraction angiography is a safe, rapid procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis and can accurately evaluate the carotid bifurcation in approximately 70% of the arteries examined. PMID- 7012922 TI - Intravenous carotid arteriography using line-scanned digital radiography. AB - Digital subtraction and an experimental system for line-scanned radiography were used to image the bifurcations of the carotid arteries. The subtracted images were obtained before and after injections of contrast media. The anatomy of the extracranial carotid arteries was demonstrated in most patients, and verified by selective catheter arteriograms. Unsuccessful studies were attributed to improper timing while obtaining the images, and to venous occlusion. Artifacts produced by motion limit the temporal subtraction method. PMID- 7012923 TI - Imaging capability of an experimental digital subtraction angiography unit. AB - We evaluated an experimental digital subtraction unit in terms of field uniformity, linearity of signal response to x-radiation, response of the log amplifier, and imaging capability as measured with the Rose phantom. For comparison, conventional film subtraction phantom measurements were made. Our results indicate that this unit exhibits greater sensitivity to contrast media than conventional film subtraction units. PMID- 7012924 TI - Delayed appearance of right diaphragmatic hernia associated with group B streptococcal infection in newborns. AB - Right diaphragmatic hernia should be considered when an infant with Group B streptococcal infection shows deterioration. Although the diaphragm appears normal at first, increased density is seen in the right lower lobe shortly thereafter, indicating pneumonia and/or irregular aeration. Pleural effusion may develop over the next few days. Characteristically, the bowel gas on the right and the liver shadow gradually become elevated and the heart and mediastinal structures shift into the left hemithorax; loops of bowel may be seen in the right hemithorax as well. Static plain views should confirm hernia or eventration, necessitating immediate surgery. PMID- 7012925 TI - Acute post-transplantation renal failure: differential diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - Sonograms of 35 patients with cadaveric renal allografts were reviewed. The patients included five with successful renal transplantations, seven with acute tubular necrosis, 19 with acute rejection, one with complete occlusion of the renal artery, and three with stenosis of a renal artery. During the course of acute tubular necrosis, the renal anatomy remained sonographically unaltered. During the course of acute rejection, there was a spectrum of sonographic findings including increase in renal volume, decreased amplitude of the renal sinus echoes, enlarged medullary pyramids, indistinct corticomedullary boundary, increased echogenicity of the renal cortex, areas of decreased parenchymal echogenicity, sparse cortical echoes, and perirenal fluid collections as a result of hematoma or crescentic collection of fluid around the kidney. In both arterial occlusion and stenosis, no sonographic abnormalities of renal anatomy were seen and the only finding was lack of normal post-transplantation hypertrophy. Our study encourages the use of sonography in acute post-transplantation renal failure. If serial ultrasound studies are available and correlation with clinical and laboratory data and nuclear medicine studies are obtained, the correct diagnosis may be reached without the use of invasive procedures. PMID- 7012926 TI - Alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the acutely ischemic heart. PMID- 7012928 TI - Split skin grafts from the scalp. AB - In 31 patients 57 split skin grafts were taken from the scalp. The scalp proved to be a very suitable place for the taking of skin grafts. Small postoperative complications can be prevented by careful subgaleal injection of saline, prevention of the strips of split skin grafts crossing each other and good postoperative care. The cosmetic disadvantage of temporarily losing one's hair is counterbalanced by wound healing without scarring; and 90% of the parents and all the questioned children were perfectly willing to have, if necessary, a second split skin graft taken from their head and preferred the scalp to any other donor locality. If children and parents are treated with understanding and consideration no psychological problems will result. PMID- 7012929 TI - Early surgical excision and grafting of burns including tangential excision. AB - Early excision and grafting of burns with the advent of infection control, has become a most important part of any successful therapy in burn management. By this technique, an open wound is primarily closed, and thus circumvents the possibility of infection. There is less discomfort, more rapid restoration of function, quicker discharge from hospital and earlier rehabilitation. Metabolic needs are lessened and with less scar, the cosmetic result is improved. Excision is made between the third and fifth day postburn if possible, but more delay may be necessary to determine which burns are superficial and able to spontaneously heal. No area greater than 10% of body surface area is excised and grafted at one operative session and for large burns staged excisions are necessary. A limitation of 1 1/2 hours on the operation is made so as to control shock and hypothermia and to assure a quick recovery with early re-establishment of nutrition. Ketamine is the common anaesthetic employed and viable fat is preferred as the surface on which to graft. Tangential excision is a complementary form of early excision grafting to a specific depth, and may be used alone or in conjunction with other techniques. It is of value in selected burns of the deep partial skin loss variety, especially scalds, which predominate in children. Several slices of necrotic skin are taken until a punctate bleeding surface is reached in the deep dermis and a thin to moderate thickness allograft is immediately applied. The conservation of the deep dermis limits the area to be grafted, with the likelihood of less scar formation and a resultant graft of improved texture. PMID- 7012927 TI - Clonidine hydrochloride: review of pharmacologic and clinical aspects. PMID- 7012930 TI - The use of free full thickness skin grafts in the treatment of complications of burns. AB - The main problem in the treatment of complications of deep burns is to cover the defects with skin of good quality. Although many regions can be covered by split skin grafts, it is important that some areas are covered with full thickness skin and subcutaneous fat in order to get an adequate cosmetic and functional result. In these cases rotation flaps or tubed pedical flaps have been frequently used in the past. Tubed pedical flaps are difficult to construct and have many disadvantages. With the aid of microsurgery it is possible to isolate free skin flaps with the vascular bundle supplying the flap with blood. These flaps can be completely removed from the donor area in one operation and can be placed onto the recipient area. After the vessels of the free flap have been anastomosed to the vessels in the recipient area, the function of the transplanted skin will remain normal. The colour of the transplant, its elasticity and its consistency and preserved. These one-stage techniques greatly facilitate the reconstruction after deep burns. In addition, the quality of the skin varies according to the site of the skin flap taken and it is thus possible to chose the type of skin most appropriate to the recipient zone. The authors describe the different types of free skin flaps, mentioning their qualities and their disadvantages. Finally, they discuss which skin flaps are most useful to cover particular skin defects. PMID- 7012931 TI - Burn wound management. AB - In this chapter the local therapy for burns is discussed. Between 400 and 500 children with burns are treated every year at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, but in only 10% of them do the burns affect over 20% of the body surface. These latter patients are treated in special rooms equipped for intensive therapy. Open and closed methods of treatment for burns used in addition to early excision are compared. The first aim is early skin cover for areas with skin loss preserving as much function as possible and achieving the best possible cosmetic result. Local therapy must be atraumatic to prevent extension of the skin lesion. Bacterial contamination must be prevented as far as possible by keeping the wound clean. Emergency treatment and the course of wound healing up to the third week after the injury using the appropriate dressings are described. Early excision until the fifth day after the accident should be used mainly for burns of the hand, deep second degree burns of up to 10% of the body surface, deep second degree burns over the joints and deep second degree burns of the neck. It must be admitted that the depth of the burn can only be definitely estimated between the seventh and tenth day after the accident. If no autografts are available homografts or grafts from animals are used. The age of the patient, associated injuries, associated diseases and the extent of the burn all play a role in determining the prognosis. Furthermore endogenous bacterial infections, absorption of local therapeutic agents and the state of the surrounding skin do also influence the healing process. Finally the various local therapeutic agents like sulphamylon, silver sulphadiazine and betadine are discussed. A 0.05% solution of silver nitrate is also active against gram negative infections. Skin transplants are disinfected with a solution containing one third 0.25% acetic acid, one third 3% cent hydrogen peroxide and one third saline. Hydrogen peroxide must not be applied to burns that are healing spontaneously. A classification of burns to help to choose the appropriate local therapy is proposed. PMID- 7012932 TI - Stability of prostaglandin I2 in human blood. AB - Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is hydrolyzed more slowly in human plasma than in buffer at the same pH; this stabilization appears to be due to binding of PGI2 to albumin. The stability of the antiaggregatory potency of PGI2 is similar in human blood and in plasma buffered to pH 7.55. No measurable conversion of [3H]-PGI2 to radioactive or nonradioactive metabolites occurred during incubation with blood. PMID- 7012934 TI - 6-keto-PGE1 exhibits more potent bronchodilatory activity in the cat than its precursor, PGI2. AB - In anesthetized, vagotomized an mechanically ventilated cats, we investigated the bronchodilatory activity of the PGI2 metabolite, 6-keto-PGE1, relative to PGI2 and PGE2. In a range of doses from 0.3-10.0 microgram, i.v. injection of 6-keto PGE1 produced a dose-related decrease in central airway resistance (RL) in animals bronchoconstricted by 5-HT. This effect on RL was 3-10 times greater than that produced by i.v. PGI2. At the lower doses, 6-keto-PGE1 was also more potent than PGI2 in increasing dynamic lung compliance; their effects upon semi-static compliance were not significantly different. Comparison of the bronchopulmonary effects of the two prostanoids did not show any consistent difference in their temporal patterns. In contrast to PGI2 or PGE2, 6-keto-PGE1 had minimal pulmonary vasomotor activity. Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway with sodium meclofenamate had no effect on the bronchopulmonary actions of 6-keto-PGE1 or on its duration of action. These data indicate that 6-keto-PGE1 is a more potent bronchodilator than PGI2 in the cat. They further suggest that conversion of PGI2 to 6-keto-PGE1, if it occurs to an appreciable extent in the lung in vivo, could enhance bronchodilatory activity. PMID- 7012935 TI - PGH2, TxA2 and PGI2 have potent and differentiated actions on human uterine contractility. AB - The contractile response to three different prostanoids of the isolated human myometrium and the different layers of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) was studied in vitro. The prostaglandin endoperoxide, PGH2, stimulated contractility of both the myometrium and the outer and inner muscle layers of the UTJ, whereas the intermediate layer of the UTJ was inhibited. Thromboxane A2 generated from PGH2 and a thromboxane synthase preparation caused a stimulation of both the myometrium and all three layers of the UTJ. The stimulatory response to TxA2 occurred at concentrations as low as 50-70 pg/ml. The sodium salt of PGi2 was found to relax both the myometrium and all the layers of the UTJ. Intravenous administration of PGI2 in repeated doses between 2-8 microgram induced facial flushing and headache but had little if any effect on in vivo uterine contractility. At least under in vitro conditions, these short-lived prostanoids and/or their metabolites apparently have a specific action on uterine contractility, an action which is manifested at comparatively low concentrations. PMID- 7012933 TI - Effect of PGD2, PGE2 PGF2 alpha and PGI on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine responses to spinal cord stimulation in the rat. AB - The following experiments were designed in order to examine the inter relationships of various prostaglandins (PG's) and the adrenergic nervous system, in conjunction with blood pressure and heart rate responses, in vivo. Stimulation of the entire spinal cord (50v, 0.3-3 Hz, 1.0 msec) of the pithed rat increased blood pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) concentration (radioenzymatic-thin layer chromatographic assay). Infusion of PGE2 (10-30 microgram/kg. min, i.v.) suppressed blood pressure and heart rate responses to spinal cord stimulation while plasma EPI (but not NE) was augmented over levels found in control animals. PGI2 (0.03-3.0 microgram/kg. min, i.v.) suppressed the blood pressure response to spinal cord stimulation without any effect on heart rate or the plasma catecholamine levels, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha (10 30 microgram/kg. min, i.v.) did not change the blood pressure, heart rate or plasma EPI and Ne responses to the spinal cord stimulation although PGF2 alpha disclosed an overall vasopressor effect during the pre-stimulation period. At the pre-stimulation period it was also observed that PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2, had a positive chronotropic effect on the heart rate, the cardiac accelerating effect of PGE2 was not abolished by propranolol. These in vivo studies suggest that in the rat, PGE2 and PGI2 modulate sympathetic responses, primarily by interaction with the post-synaptic elements - PGE2 on both blood vessels and the heart and PGI2 by acting principally on blood vessels. PMID- 7012936 TI - Metabolism of prostacyclin in Cynomolgus monkey. AB - The metabolism of prostacyclin (PGI2) in vivo was investigated in Cynomolgus monkey. Following intravenous infusion of 11-[3H]-PGI2 for three days, pooled urine was extracted with Amberlite XAD-2, then chromatographed and purified by Sephadex LH-20, and reverse phase column chromatography. Radioactive fractions were converted to appropriate derivatives for identification by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Twelve metabolites were characterized, the major of which was 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, accounting for 13% of the urinary radioactivity. The metabolic pathways are similar to those observed earlier in the rat. The excretion of substantial amounts of unchanged 6-keto-PGF1 alpha indicated that the monkey was not able to metabolize PGI2 as avidly as the rat. PMID- 7012938 TI - [The reality of fiction. Literature and psychoanalysis]. PMID- 7012937 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in lungs of fetal and newborn rabbit. AB - Perfused lungs from fetal (26-28 days of gestation) and newborn rabbits preferentially transform arachidonic acid into a substance which mimics PGI2 activity on different isolated tissues in cascase. These data support the hypothesis that antiplatelet and vasodilating vasodilating activity of PGI2 generated in the lungs may contribute to the characteristics of the fetal circulation. PMID- 7012939 TI - ["The Hunter Gracchus": Kafka's secret]. PMID- 7012940 TI - [De Sade: the body and the murder of reality]. PMID- 7012941 TI - [The Oedipal-masked pre-Oedipal love or Feydeau's professional misunderstanding]. PMID- 7012943 TI - Creating and developing a temporary acrylic crown technique. PMID- 7012942 TI - [Sartre's Flaubert]. PMID- 7012945 TI - The porcelain butt margin. PMID- 7012944 TI - Partial dentures for children and young adults. PMID- 7012946 TI - [Position sensitive detectors for ionizing radiation and its application to science and engineering (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012947 TI - [Allergologic diagnosis: the use of new radioisotopic tests]. PMID- 7012948 TI - [Responses of the hyperinsulinemic type after stimulation]. PMID- 7012949 TI - [Evaluation of alpha and beta pancreatic function in beta-thalassemia major]. PMID- 7012950 TI - [Behavior of plasma gonadotropins after the Gn-RH test in beta-thalassemia major patients]. PMID- 7012951 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of arterial hypertension in obese subjects]. PMID- 7012953 TI - [75th anniversary of the German Roentgen Society]. PMID- 7012954 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical results obtained with CBS ceramic implants over 10 years]. PMID- 7012955 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplant, its relation to kidney function and ionic calcium]. PMID- 7012952 TI - [Comparison of different methods of prorenin activation]. PMID- 7012956 TI - [Thyrocalcitonin: current concepts]. PMID- 7012957 TI - [Hemiblocks: current concepts and problems]. PMID- 7012958 TI - [Papulous mucinosis or scleromyxedema. Etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7012960 TI - [Cerebral thrombosis. Glucose tolerance, insulin response and other risk factors in patients not known to be diabetic]. PMID- 7012959 TI - [Renal transplant and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7012962 TI - [Sarcoid myopathy]. PMID- 7012964 TI - [Toxic effects of anticonvulsant drugs]. PMID- 7012961 TI - [Association of papulous mucinosis and systemic lupus erythematosus with membranous glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7012963 TI - [Short and intermittent treatment in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7012965 TI - [Food lipids, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - A clear association is observed between saturated fats in the diet, mean serum cholesterol and the frequency of coronary heart disease (CHD) among human populations. Such an association led to a pathogenic interpretation: the diet heart hypothesis. But epidemiological studies have not put forward coherent relations between individual consumption of fats and either cholesterolemia or the risk of developing a CHD. No preventive trial has shown any definitely coherent and significant reduction of the incidence of CHD after a decrease of serum cholesterol following diet modifications. However changes of relative proportions of saturated and polyunsaturated fats induce predictable variations of the mean serum cholesterol of a group which can be maintained in free living populations by appropriate diet modifications on long periods of time. Such conflicting data are discussed with reference to methodology, etiological research and public health. PMID- 7012966 TI - [Contribution to the study of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Part I: Introduction. Part II: Material and methods]. AB - The author reviews the problem of the adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In this work, first of the two that will complete it, the author studies the historical evolution, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, evolution and prognosis, and presents the 196 cases of adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus seen by the Service of Gynecology of the National Institute of Oncology between 1962 and 1975, together with the methods used for their study. PMID- 7012967 TI - LH and prolactin in estrogenized female rats: response to LHRH. AB - Eighty day old female rats postnatally treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) show hyperprolactinemia and increased levels of LH with a positive correlation LH prolactin, unlike the control animals. Fourteen days after ovariectomy this correlation disappears and the prolactin levels remain higher than control. On the contrary, the increase in LH levels is smaller in the EB group. The administration of LHRH to ovariectomized EB rats produces a decrease in prolactin levels, unobserved in the control group, as well as lower LH levels. PMID- 7012968 TI - [Assessment of chemoprophylaxis with intermittent tetracycline in chronic bronchitis. A functional follow-up for 3 years (author's transl)]. AB - This study is a reappraisal for the value of intermittent tetracycline therapy in the reduction of the rate of pulmonary function alteration in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Two groups of patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly divided and followed up for three years. No significant differences in pulmonary function were observed between these two groups. PMID- 7012969 TI - [Bacterial counts in sputum. The value and interpretation in lower respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - A convenient and effective microtechnic of bacteria numeration in sputum has been used and its results are presented, considering the accompanying clinical data. One has therefore been able to appreciate the signification of the number and prevalance of bacteria isolated in lower respiratory tract infections: 1) The concentration of 10(7) bacteria/ml is a useful critical value, but it does not mean either virulence or lower limit of pathogenicity. 2) The importance of the predominance of a bacterial strain is an essential parameter in quantitative analysis. 3) The interpretation of the bacteriological results can only be made after thoroughly examining the cytology, the clinical infection symptoms, the anamnestic data, and considering the possibility of an antibiotic therapy preceding the test. PMID- 7012970 TI - Present day practice in infant feeding: 1980. Report of a Working Party of the Panel on Child Nutrition Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. PMID- 7012971 TI - Bacterial colonization in intubated newborns. AB - The bacteriology of tracheal aspirates from 127 newborns was studied. Specimens were obtained twice a week as long as the newborns were intubated. Each newborn had between one and eight specimens taken (average 1.7). 127 babies had one specimen taken, 38 had two, 25 had three, 12 had four, and 10 had more than four specimens taken, which made a total of 212 specimens. No bacterial or fungal growth was obtained from 65 specimens, whereas the remaining specimens (147) yielded 209 bacterial and fungal isolates accounting for 1.4 isolates per specimen. The total isolates recovered were 168 aerobes, 36 anaerobes, and 5 Candida albicans. Of this total, 70 specimens yielded one isolate, 48 two isolates, 6 three isolates, 5 four isolates, and one aspirate yielded five isolates. 78 newborns (61%) received antimicrobial therapy. A higher incidence of positive cultures and the presence of more than one organism per culture were found in those infants not receiving antibiotics. More isolates per specimen were noted with increasing time of incubation. The rate of isolation Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae remained constant with increased length of intubation, the rate of recovery of Staphylococcus epidermidis, viridans group streptococci, and Propionibacterium acnes increased, and the rate of isolation of Escherichia coli and anaerobic organisms decreased. PMID- 7012972 TI - [Local myocardial dynamics in the ischemic heart; clinical study (1)]. PMID- 7012973 TI - [Management of patients with chronic renal failure in the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, D.I.F. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012975 TI - [Pharmacological aspects and therapeutic uses of verapamil and related calcium antagonists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012974 TI - Pre and post-antibiotic otology. PMID- 7012976 TI - [Venereal diseases in Chile, from the XVIth. to XVIIIth. centuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012978 TI - [Correction: Ehrlich and Metchnikoff received the 1980 Nobel Prize of medicine and physiology due to their studies on immunology]. PMID- 7012977 TI - [Carlos Sazie M.D.: the first professor of neurology and the second one of psychiatry at the University of Chile (1881-1889) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012979 TI - [First natural population of Escherichia coli bacteriophage isolated in Chile. IV. Morphological characteristics of the viral bacterial system ZAR2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012980 TI - [Neuropsychiatric teaching at the University of Chile, 1891-1906 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012981 TI - [Academician Vasile Rascanu, 1885-1980]. PMID- 7012982 TI - [Isonicotinic acid hydrazide: theories concerning the mechanism of its tuberculostatic action]. PMID- 7012983 TI - [The trial of Dr. Carol Davila (Jassy, 1872)]. PMID- 7012984 TI - [Respective importance of the isolation and serology in diagnostic virology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7012985 TI - [Rehabilitation of the coronary patient. Relaxation]. PMID- 7012986 TI - [Neurinoma of the foramen laceratum (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical diagnosis of acoustic neuroma was suggested by the cochleovestibular symptomatology in a young woman who, was found indeed to have a neurinoma of the foramen laceratum. Such masquerading symptoms and signs are frequently reported (in one quarter of the cases) in these tumors, and probably partly explain their rarity, only 59 cases having been described. Tomography of the base of the skull appears as the main investigation leading to a correct diagnosis. PMID- 7012989 TI - Arthritis in disease due to Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Three clinical types of arthritis in meningococcal disease are presented; their classification is based on a review of the literature from 1887 and on experience with pediatric patients treated in Dallas, Texas. The most common type is arthritis complicating acute meningococcal disease; it occurred in 1,180 of the patients reviewed or approximately 5% of children and 11% of adults with meningococcal disease. Septic or allergic pathogenesis was documented in fewer than 5% of these, 1,180 patients. However, the search for an immunologic basis, conducted in a small number of patients, produced results suggesting that immune complexes are involved in many patients with sterile effusions. Large joints, especially the knee, were involved in 95% of the cases, and almost half the patients had polyarthritis. Chronic meningococcemia, an infrequently reported clinical entity, was accompanied more often by arthralgia than arthritis. Primary meningococcal arthritis, which is a rare form of acute septic arthritis, affected large joints almost exclusively and was polyarthritic in about one-third of cases. The management was the same for all types of meningococcal arthritis and consisted primarily of specific antimeningococcal chemotherapy. Evacuation of pus is recommended, since this treatment may be expected to shorten the relatively long symptomatic course. The prognosis for patients with meningococcal arthritis is excellent, and joint residua are rare. PMID- 7012988 TI - Cutaneous and soft-tissue manifestations of sepsis due to gram-negative enteric bacilli. AB - Four patterns of tissue involvement can be distinguished in sepsis due to gram negative enteric bacilli. When intense local inflammation predominates, cellulitis or thrombophlebitis results, often with venous or arterial obstruction. Bacteria are present in the affected tissues, but not in sufficient numbers to be seen microscopically. When bacterial proliferation is unchecked by an appropriate leukocyte response, ecthyma gangrenosum, erythema multiforme, or diffuse bullous lesions may occur with minimal clinical or histologic signs of inflammation. In symmetric peripheral gangrene associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, bland fibrinous deposits are seen in small vessels but neither inflammatory cells nor bacteria are present. The fourth kind of lesion is that seen in bacterial endocarditis. In all four patterns a vascular component is prominent clinically and histologically. The pathogenesis of these lesions is multifactorial; in each individual case the interaction between bacterial and host factors probably determines which clinical picture will result. The appearance of symmetric soft tissue lesions of the extremities in the absence of predisposing local conditions suggests the possibility of sepsis due to gram negative bacilli, especially if other clinical features indicate that sepsis might be present. PMID- 7012990 TI - Group C streptococcal pneumonia: report of a fatal case and review of the literature. AB - A previously healthy 22-year-old man acquired tonsillitis due to Streptococcus equisimilis, a group C Streptococcus. He rapidly developed pneumonia, empyema, septicemia, and metastatic arthritis, and despite appropriate therapy with antibiotics and drainage of abscesses, he experienced progressive respiratory insufficiency and died. The four species of group C streptococci are described in terms of their biochemical properties, the infections they cause in animals, and their tendency to produce disease in humans. Pharyngeal carriage of these organisms is not rare, and outbreaks of pharyngitis and tonsillitis occur. Group C streptococcal pneumonia, like group A pneumonia, is often a severe disease with a prolonged febrile course and frequently is complicated by empyema. Appropriate management includes isolation of the patient, penicillin G therapy, drainage, and respiratory support. PMID- 7012987 TI - In vitro susceptibilities of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 32 antimicrobial agents. AB - The animal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents for 322 strains of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli, representing 30 species and unnamed groups other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were determined in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth with use of a microdilution method. The activities of beta lactam antibiotics varied, but azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam consistently were more active than were available penicillins and cephalosporins; the penicillin-like antibiotic mecillinam was less active. The activities of the aminoglycoside antibiotics were similar to each other although streptomycin and sometimes kanamycin were less active than the other aminoglycosides. Although minocycline and doxycycline usually were more active than tetracycline, the percentages of strains susceptible to the first two drugs at concentrations achievable in vivo were only occasionally higher than the percentage of strains susceptible to tetracycline. The activity of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was variable. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were relatively inactive against most of the organisms tested, but the high degrees of activity of these drugs against specific species or strains, particularly those that were resistant to many drugs, indicated potential clinical usefulness of these agents. PMID- 7012992 TI - Seasonality of plague in early modern Europe: Swiss epidemic of 1628--1630. AB - The course of plague is markedly influenced by seasonal factors. A quantitative estimate of its seasonal distribution was made from parish death books of 38 communities in a small, diversified area of Switzerland for the epidemic period of 1628--1630. The temporal distribution of outbreaks was bimodal with maximal mortalities in the autumn-early winter seasons of two successive years. Of 43 peaks of mortality, 39 occurred between September and January; November was the month of highest frequency. Colder weather exerted a gradual limiting influence, but late-blooming community outbreaks continued at a high or maximal level as late as January. Evidence is presented that the temporal distribution of outbreaks affected the persistence of plague in the region. The seasonality of plague in Switzerland contrasts with the pattern in Great Britain, where midsummer epidemics prevailed. PMID- 7012991 TI - Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli: their role in infection and patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. I. Little-known Bacteroides species. AB - The role in infection and the patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 17 infrequently reported species of Bacteroides were studied. The findings of this research are summarized, and the literature dealing with recovery of these species from both the normal flora and infections of humans is reviewed. During a six-year period, 22% of 679 specimens from infections due to anaerobic bacteria that were studied by the authors yielded one or more of these "other Bacteroides species" (OBS). The most commonly isolated OBS were Bacteroides ruminicola subspecies brevis (63 patients), Bacteroides ureolyticus (38), Bacteroides bivius (26), and Bacteroides disiens (17). Appreciable resistance of some isolates to the beta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin, and the tetracyclines was noted, whereas all strains were inhibited by chloramphenicol and metronidazole and almost all were inhibited by clindamycin. The data indicate that OBS are present in infection much more often than has been reported previously. The resistance of certain strains to some commonly used antimicrobial agents may necessitate a reassessment of the initial, empiric therapy of infections due to anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7012993 TI - The pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin. AB - Bacampicillin is an ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin that is rapidly converted to free ampicillin, the active agent, by nonspecific esterases present in serum and in the intestinal wall. The compound is absorbed more rapidly than ampicillin, with peak absorption occurring 45 min to 1 hr after administration of the drug, whereas the peak after administration of the parent compound is at 2 hr. Peak levels of drug in serum after a 400-mg dose of bacampicillin (molar equivalent, 278 mg of ampicillin) are 6-8 micrograms/ml. Peak levels after an 800 mg dose of bacampicillin (molar equivalent, 556 mg of ampicillin) are 11-14 micrograms/ml. These peak levels are twofold greater than those achieved with equimolar doses of ampicillin. Ingestion of bacampicillin with food does not decrease or delay absorption of the drug. Recovery of ampicillin in urine after ingestion of bacampicillin is 75% vs. a recovery of 45% after ampicillin. Ampicillin appears earlier in tears, saliva, bronchial and maxillary sinus secretions, middle ear fluid, skin blisters. lymph, and urethral and cervical secretions, and the levels obtained in these tissues are greater after ingestion of bacampicillin than after ampicillin. The pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin in the period 2.5-8 hr after their ingestion is virtually identical at equimolar doses. PMID- 7012994 TI - Current practices in antimicrobial dosing. AB - There has been minimal utilization of pharmacologic principles in the establishment of treatment programs for many infectious diseases. Drugs with markedly different half-lives and peak levels in serum have been prescribed at the same dosage intervals. No attempt has been made to determine if the efficacy of dosing programs in which levels in serum that exceed bactericidal levels are achieved but in which doses are administered infrequently is greater than or equal to that of current programs. Double-blind studies of therapeutic programs in which drugs with different pharmacokinetic properties are compared are the only means of eliminating the current confusion regarding dosing practices. PMID- 7012995 TI - Comparison of bacampicillin twice daily and ampicillin four times daily in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Sixteen patients with chronic bronchitis were treated in a single-blind crossover study during two separate acute exacerbations caused by bacterial infections. During one of the episodes a regimen consisting of two 800-mg doses of bacampicillin per day was given; therapy for the other episode was four 500-mg doses of ampicillin per day. Each drug was given for 14 days. Patients were observed once before therapy was started, twice a week during therapy, and weekly after therapy; the investigator did not know which drug the patients were receiving. Graded clinical observations included frequency and severity of cough, wheezing, rales, rhonchi, breath sounds, and prolongation of expiration. Objective sputum measurements included daily volume, qualitative and quantitative cytology, and quantitative bacterial counts. Paired t-test analyses revealed that before therapy was begun the group receiving bacampicillin was sicker. Both agents effectively decreased inflammation and counts of bacterial flora. Clinical symptoms cleared 11 days after institution of therapy with either drug, but patients tended to favor bacampicillin in overall clinical effects. Adverse effects were similar with both agents, but bacampicillin was associated with fewer upper and more lower gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 7012996 TI - Controlled comparative trial of bacampicillin and amoxicillin in therapy of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract. AB - In this study the efficacy of bacampicillin and amoxicillin in treatment of bacterial lower respiratory tract infection were compared. Thirty-eight patients were treated with bacampicillin (800 mg twice a day), and 39 were treated with amoxicillin (500 mg three times a day). Conditions treated included pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. The two groups were roughly comparable in terms of demographic factors and clinical diagnosis. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae; isolates of S. pneumoniae were somewhat more prevalent in the group treated with bacampicillin. All patients in both groups were either cured or improved clinically. The offending pathogen was eliminated except for two strains of H. influenzae in the group treated with amoxicillin. There were mild adverse effects, including two cases of diarrhea, in four patients treated with amoxicillin. Two patients treated with bacampicillin had mild adverse effects; no diarrhea was encountered. Minor abnormalities of laboratory test results that possibly were related to therapy were encountered in eight of the patients treated with bacampicillin and three of the patients treated with amoxicillin. PMID- 7012998 TI - Worldwide experience with bacampicillin administered twice a day. AB - The safety and clinical efficacy of dosing twice a day with bacampicillin was evaluated in clinical trials conducted at various locations in Latin America, Switzerland, and Scandinavia, Bacampicillin (200, 400, 600, or 800 mg) given twice a day was compared with bacampicillin (400 mg) or ampicillin (500 or 556 mg) administered three times a day in eight double-blind and six open randomized trials involving 750 patients with respiratory and urinary tract infections. In a noncomparative study, 47 additional patients were treated with 600 mg of bacampicillin twice a day. High rates of clinical cure or improvement were achieved for all types of infections investigated. Microbiologic cure was observed in greater than 90% of respiratory infections due to beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Hemophilus influenzae. There were no significant differences between the responses of groups treated twice and those treated three times a day. Adverse effects of both regimens of bacampicillin were similar and occurred less frequently than in patients treated with ampicillin. Dosing twice daily with bacampicillin appears to be effective against numerous gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in a variety of mild clinical infections. Studies comparing identical dosage regimens of bacampicillin and other aminopenicillins are needed to determine whether bacampicillin given twice a day has a therapeutic advantage. PMID- 7012997 TI - Bacampicillin vs. amoxicillin for treatment of acute infections of the urinary tract. AB - Orally administered bacampicillin (400 mg twice daily for 10 days) was as effective as orally administered amoxicillin (250 mg thrice daily for 10 days) for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract in young women. A satisfactory clinical response was produced by bacampicillin in 71 (98.6%) of 72 patients and by amoxicillin in 73 (98.6%) of 74 patients. A satisfactory bacteriologic response was produced by bacampicillin in 69 (95.8%) of 72 patients and by amoxicillin in 72 (97.3%) of 74 patients. In a subset of the patients, bacampicillin and amoxicillin were equally effective in the treatment of infections of the upper and lower urinary tract, as determined by the fluorescent antibody-coated bacterial test of localization. Both bacampicillin and amoxicillin were well tolerated. Allergic skin reactions occurred in two (2.7%) of 74 patients receiving amoxicillin but in none of the patients receiving bacampicillin. Mild diarrhea occurred in two (2.8%) of 72 patients receiving bacampicillin and in two (2.7%) of 74 patients receiving amoxicillin. Bacampicillin administered twice daily may offer several advantages over drugs given three times a day (e.g., amoxicillin) or four times a day (e.g., ampicillin). These advantages might include lower cost, better compliance with treatment regimen, and fewer allergic episodes and adverse reactions. PMID- 7012999 TI - Postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement: increased susceptibility of bacteria pretreated with antibiotics to activity of leukocytes. AB - Exposure of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to high levels of certain antibiotics for brief periods of time increases the susceptibility of the organisms to the antimicrobial action of normal human leukocytes. The degree of sensitization varies with the antibiotic used for the pretreatment of the bacteria and is most pronounced in pretreatment of E. coli with chloramphenicol. Studies on the rates of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli indicate that the postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement effect operates through increased susceptibility of antibiotic-damaged bacteria to the intracellular killing mechanisms of leukocytes. These observations may explain the efficacy of antimicrobial dosage regimens in which drug levels are below inhibitory concentrations for part of the dosage interval. PMID- 7013000 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tissue penetration of antibiotics. AB - Past efforts to characterize the ability of antibiotics to penetrate into tissues is reviewed, particularly the results of models that reflect the concentration of antibiotics in interstitial fluid (i.e., skin blisters, tissue chambers, skin chambers, wound exudates, implanted fibrin clots, and peripheral lymph). The preferable sources of such fluid appear to be skin chambers, suction-induced skin blisters, and peripheral lymph. Extent of penetration of antibiotics into tissue fluid is related to the amount of antibiotic not bound to protein. Protein binding is particularly inhibitory to penetration when greater than 80% of the antibiotic is bound. It is preferable to follow the extravascular concentrations of antibiotic for longer periods than is usually done. The ability of antibiotics to penetrate is best evaluated by use of the ratio of the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for antibiotic in the peripheral locus to the AUC for serum. Pharmacokinetic analysis should be done with data from each individual, not with data derived from curves using mean values. Penetration into fibrin, lymph, and chambers implanted in tissues follows Fick's law of diffusion. Lag times indicate the interval before penetration of antibiotic in serum to the peripheral locus may be observed. First-order, one-compartment, open models are applicable to the characterization of extravascular concentrations of antibiotics. The AUC for antibiotic in serum during a time interval is the factor determining the amount of agent that passes into an extravascular focus. Concentrations of drug in tissues are lower than those in serum; the peaks occur simultaneously or shortly after the maximal levels are reached in serum, and for most antibiotics the elimination of antibiotics from extravascular parts of the body is slower than from serum, particularly for agents with a half-life in serum of less than 4-5 hr. PMID- 7013001 TI - Penetration of antibiotics into respiratory secretions. AB - Successful treatment of intrabronchial infection depends upon adequate transport of antibiotics across the blood-bronchus barrier. This paper discusses the various influences on antibiotic concentrations in the lung and describes a canine model for detailed pharmacologic studies of antibiotics in bronchial secretion. A number of factors influence antibiotic penetration into bronchial secretions, including physicochemical characteristics of the drug and such host factors as bronchial inflammation and injury. The method of antibiotic administration also influences bronchial drug levels; the highest local concentrations are associated with the highest peak values in serum. In addition, each antibiotic has a characteristic pattern of penetration into bronchial secretions. Optimal methods of antibiotic therapy for lung infection may depend on the specific minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting organism. PMID- 7013003 TI - Continuous vs. intermittent administration of antimicrobial agents: tissue penetration and efficacy in vivo. PMID- 7013002 TI - Comparative studies of intermittent and continuous administration of aminoglycosides in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections due to gram negative bacteria. AB - The positive correlation between the protein concentration in bronchial secretions and the penetration of amikacin and tobramycin in the present study suggests that inflammation favorably affects the penetration of aminoglycosides into these secretions. As shown in this and other studies, local inactivation of aminoglycosides might counterbalance this effect to some extent. The relatively low penetration of aminoglycosides into the bronchial secretions (approximately 20%) probably accounts for the poor antibacterial activity of bronchial secretions of aminoglycoside-treated patients and, possibly, for the poor clinical outcome of bronchopneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria. Continuous infusion of these antibiotics, even at high dosage, does not appear to solve the problem; it does not achieve at any time satisfactory inhibitory activity against Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bronchial secretions. Although intermittent injections can result in higher levels of aminoglycosides within the bronchial secretions, such levels cannot be maintained for prolonged periods unless the dosage is increased. Thus endotracheal administration of aminoglycosides might still be indicated as an adjunct for therapy of severe bronchial infections due to gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7013004 TI - [Memorandum on metallic removable prosthesis. Fundamental principles of the casting technique on the model]. PMID- 7013005 TI - Biosynthesis of the major human red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. A review. AB - The human leukemia cell line K562 is erythroid and expresses the major red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. With this cell line we have studied the biosynthesis of glycophorin A after pulse-chase labeling with [35S] methionine. Using lectin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and immune precipitation with specific anti-glycophorin A antiserum followed by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis a precursor of glycophorin A was visualized. This had an apparent molecular weight of 37000 and contained an incompleted N-glycosidic oligosaccharide and unfinished O-glycosidic oligosaccharides. After chase for 10 min, the completed glycophorin A with an apparent molecular weight of 39000 was seen and it appeared at the cell surface in about 30 min. Using tunicamycin N glycosylation was inhibited but not O-glycosylation. The absence of the N glycosidic oligosaccharide did not affect the migration of the protein to the cell surface but the yield of glycophorin A was diminished. Translation of glycophorin A messenger-RNA was achieved in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. This yielded a non-glycosylated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 19500, which exceeded that of the glycophorin A apoprotein with about 5000. This indicates the presence of a "signal sequence" in the preprotein. When the translation was performed in the presence of microsomal membranes from dog pancreas the glycophorin A apoprotein aws both N-and O-glycosylated and the apparent molecular weight (37000) of the synthesized protein was identical to that of the precursor obtained from cells. PMID- 7013006 TI - Selective expression of blood group antigens on human teratocarcinoma cell lines. AB - The presence of the blood group antigens H, P, Pk as well as the T-antigen of Thomsen-Friedenreich (detected by the PNA lectin) was investigated at the surface of human embryonal carcinoma cells and of normal or tumor cell lines from adult individuals by an indirect immunofluorescence method. The PNA lectin binds to all the teratoma cell lines investigated but only occasionally to the adult cell lines. The H antigen was detected by fluorescence only onto the embryonic carcinoma cell PA1, but the H enzyme (2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase) was found catalytically active in all teratoma cells tested: PA1, Susa, Tera I and Tera Ii. Finally, it was also shown that P and Pk antigens are expressed very early during development, prior to HLA and H or ABO. PMID- 7013007 TI - [Electrocardiography and vectorcardiography]. PMID- 7013008 TI - Computer-assisted interpretation of electro- and vectorcardiograms. PMID- 7013009 TI - Isoxepac in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparison with aspirin. AB - Nineteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis entered a double-blind cross-over study, comparing a new anti-inflammatory agent isoxepac, 200 mg three times daily, with aspirin 1.2 g three times daily. Eighteen patients completed 2-4 weeks treatment with each drug. The treatments were similar when assessed by measurement of joint pain, grip strength, morning stiffness, patients' global assessment and overall preference. Significantly fewer adverse effects were associated with isoxepac therapy when compared with aspirin therapy. PMID- 7013010 TI - Anti-inflammatory drugs in periarthritis of the shoulder: a double-blind, between patient study of naproxen versus indomethacin. AB - Fifty-nine patients were entered into a double-blind, parallel comparison of the efficacy and side-effects of naproxen sodium (825 mg daily) and indomethacin (100 mg daily) in the treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder joint. Assessments were made on entry to the study, at two weeks, and at the end of four weeks when objective and subjective recordings of mobility, loss of function, pain and the presence of absence of side-effects were noted. The two treatment groups were found to be matched for age, sex and duration of disease, and an assessment at the start of the study differed only in respect of the degree of active medial rotation of the shoulder joint and pain. There was an overall improvement from the time of admission to the study in both the naproxen sodium and the indomethacin treatment groups but there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the two groups. One patient from the naproxen sodium group and three patients from the indomethacin group withdrew from the trial because of side effects which in each case involved the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 7013011 TI - [Study of quantified multifactorial analysis of electroencephalographic tracings in certain forms of epilepsy]. PMID- 7013012 TI - [Osteoarticular infections. Role of immune deficiences. Value of sero-immunology in the diagnosis]. AB - Although bone and joint infections do not seem to be more frequent in patients with immune deficiences than in normal subjects, it seems paradoxically that an immune deficiency is relatively frequent during fully diagnosed bone and joint infections: the discrepancy between the two types of data is not easy to explain. Serology and immunology laboratories give little information in the etiological diagnosis of bone and joint infections, with the exception of perhaps gonococcal infections (search for anti-gonococcal antibodies by immunofluorescence), staphylococcal infections (pasteurella, yersinia, tularemia and brucella infections). In most cases, although the abnormalities observed are due to infection of the organism by the germ, they have nothing characteristic of the bone and joint localisation itself. PMID- 7013013 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with zinc sulfate. Results of a doubl-blind trial]. AB - At the end of a double blind clinical test carried out in 35 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis, or progressive and with certain diagnosis, it does not appear that zinc sulphate given by mouth at dose of 600 mg/24 hours (divided up into 3 doses) may be a valid basic treatment. In fact, none of the classical clinical criteria (Richtie index, Lee index, etc.) nor laboratory criteria (E.S.R.) show any statistically significant change after 4 and 8 months. The discrepancy between these results and those previously published in discussed. PMID- 7013014 TI - [Case-finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Photofluorography respiratory symptoms, followed by bacteriological examinations in suspected cases]. PMID- 7013015 TI - [Identification of enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in stool samples, by direct immunofluorescent reaction]. PMID- 7013016 TI - [Anti-Candida salivary immunoglobulins. Evidence of a specific local immune reaction (author's transl)]. AB - Parotid saliva was studied in 119 subjects, some of whom were demonstrated as carrying Candida albicans in the oral cavity. No significant differences were found in the levels of total salivary IgA between the two groups, but specific IgA levels in the saliva differed significantly between the groups with or without the presence of Candida albicans. This confirms the existence of a specific local immunological response in the parotid saliva. PMID- 7013017 TI - [Salivary pH during pregnancy. Relationship with the presence or absence of Candida albicans. A study of 200 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Salivary (Stenon, Warthon) and lingual pH, the effect of the presence or absence of Candida albicans in the oral cavity, and the involvement of various adjacent factors (caries, hygiene, pregnancy gingivosis, other mucosal lesions) were studied in 200 pregnant women. Results demonstrated that salivary pH is significantly related to the age of pregnancy, but not to the presence or absence of candida albicans. PMID- 7013018 TI - Clinical relevance of in vitro study of granulocytopoiesis. PMID- 7013019 TI - Classification of acute leukaemia by light and electron microscope cytochemistry. AB - Blast cells in 33 cases of adult acute leukaemia were investigated for signs of myeloid differentiation by light (Sudan Black B) and electron (peroxidase activity) microscope cytochemistry. All cases which were strongly Sudan positive were also peroxidase positive and electron microscopy is of no further value in these cases. In 11 cases the blast cells were Sudan negative and in 8 cases they were weakly Sudan positive: the results of the electron microscopical analysis would have altered the classification in 9 of these 19 cases. It is concluded that ultrastructural demonstration of peroxidase activity in blast cells is of value in the classification of acute leukaemia in cases with blasts either negative or only weakly positive for Sudan. PMID- 7013021 TI - The deltopectoral flap: a historical review with comments on its role in neurovascular reconstruction. AB - The history of the clinical, anatomical and haemodynamic aspects of the deltopectoral flap is reviewed, with some comments on its use as a neurovascular flap. PMID- 7013020 TI - Sequential studies on serum-levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin and eosinophil cationic protein in alcoholics after alcohol withdrawal. AB - 12 male alcoholics were followed for 16 d after alcohol withdrawal with respect to the number of the different circulating blood cells and to serum levels of leucocyte markers such as beta 2-microglobulin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), lactoferrin and lysozyme. The results suggest a direct toxic effect of ethanol on the neutrophil granulocytes as indicated by high S-lactoferrin levels. Relatively low levels of S-lysozyme as compared to S-lactoferrin could suggest a reduced activity of the monocytes/macrophages. The eosinophils and lymphocytes seemed quite unaffected by ethanol. Increased haematopoietic activity after withdrawal was indicated by increasing cell numbers in the peripheral blood and by increasing serum levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme. The increasing monocyte/macrophage activity after withdrawal as suggested by S-lysozyme levels was closely related (P less than 0.001) to the increased thrombopoietic activity as evaluated by peripheral thrombocyte counts. This latter finding could point to a direct relationship between monocyte/macrophage activity and thrombocyte production. PMID- 7013023 TI - [Behavior of a tumor after an allogeneic bone graft]. PMID- 7013024 TI - The social rehabilitation and quality of life in patients living with kidney transplants for more than 10 years. AB - Forty-six patients lived with kidney grafts for more than 10 years. The kidney function was excellent or good in 35 patients. Thirty-seven patients were in excellent physical and mental condition and were considered fully restored. Nine patients had disabling diseases of varying severity. Thirty-eight patients were employed and several had all their occupational education after transplantation. Nine of the 31 patients of fertile age at transplantation had born or fathered 15 normal children. Forty-six patients who lived with kidney grafts for more than 10 years were very well socially rehabilitated and had reached a quality of life quite comparable to that of people of the same age. PMID- 7013022 TI - Time factor, infection frequency and quantitative microbiology in hand injuries: a prospective study. AB - In a prospective study for 108 surgically treated hand wounds the infection rate was significantly lower in tidy than in untidy injuries (6 and 32%). Infection was significantly more frequent when slough developed than in wounds without slough (54 and 11%). Only seven patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. Quantitative analysis of bacteria in the wound margins was performed in 89 cases. No significant difference in the frequency of infection was found when the cultures yielded greater than 10(5) or less than 10(5) bacteria/gram tissue. Prolongation of the interval between injury and operation (up to 18 hours) was not associated with increased rate of infection. Cases with longer intervals than 18 hours were too few for statistical analysis. The duration of the operation or of tourniquet application did not influence the infection rate. The importance of adequate wound care, gentle technique and staged treatment are discussed, and also the question of prophylactic antibiotic medication. PMID- 7013025 TI - Kidney transplantation in patients over 60 years of age. AB - Between 1972 and the end of 1978 kidney transplantation was performed on 39 patients over 60 years of age. In one case a kidney from a live donor was used. The other patients received cadaver kidneys. Patient and graft survival in this group of patients did not differ from the results obtained with younger age groups. 14 patients have died. The chief reasons for death were cardiac infarction and infection. The mortality rate was no higher among patients over 60 years than among younger groups. The results show that kidney transplantation can be performed successfully on patients of relatively advanced age. PMID- 7013026 TI - Kidney transplantation in patients 60 years and older. AB - Between 1967 and 1978 41 patients were transplanted at an age of 60 years or more. The patient survival was approximately 50% at two years. Most of the dead patients died with functioning grafts. Infections and cardiovascular complications dominated as causes of death. Main complications were cardiovascular diseases, infections, musculosceletal diseases and diabetes. During the last three years results have improved and we will continue to offer kidney transplantation to elderly patients in terminal renal failure. PMID- 7013027 TI - Renal transplantation and cancer in the Scandiatransplant material. AB - Scandinavian material is presented, consisting of 3,875 transplanted patients and containing 128 patients in whom cancer was diagnosed. In a subgroup of 566 first time transplanted Danish patients, there was a significantly increased incidence of tumours compared with the Danish population, a correlation between tumour frequency and mismatch in HLA-A and in HLA-B, a correlation to chronic interstitial nephritis, but no correlation to the occurrence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies or to sex difference between donor and recipient. In this material there is evidence indicating that the presence of constant stimulation by alloantigens leading to chronic immunostimulation, with possible loss of the suppressor function of lymphocytes towards the development of malignant tumours, is an important factor in the development of tumours in transplanted patients. PMID- 7013028 TI - A method for multiple intraarterial injections in the allogeneic or isogeneic transplanted rat kidney by use of a long term catheter in the renal artery. AB - An experimental model using a permanent catheter in the artery of a transplanted rat kidney is presented. The experimental set-up allows selective infusion or injection into the renal circulation of unrestrained non anesthetized rats. It is also possible to make repeated studies of the renal circulation in a rejecting rat kidney transplant. Preliminary investigations and future applications are discussed. PMID- 7013029 TI - The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system in renal transplant recipients. AB - The object of this study was to examine the bearing that immunosuppressive therapy may have on the phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The phagocytic and metabolic activities of the RES were determined in renal graft recipients before transplantation and at intervals afterwards. The activities were measured as the plasma clearance rate of 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin and the increase in the plasma metabolites of this test substance. The intravascular clearance of microaggregated albumin was significantly depressed at 1-12 days (P less than 0.001), 1.4 months (P less than 0.02) and 6-9 months (P less than 0.01) after transplantation compared to the levels before operation. RES phagocytosis was normal in the 1-3 year group. Furthermore, in all except the 1-4 month group the metabolic activity was significantly reduced. The significant impairment of the RES functions immediately after transplantation was probably due to administration of antilymphocyte globulin and extremely high doses of steroids. After antilymphocyte globulin had been withdrawn the phagocytic capacity of the RES was correlated to the total dose of steroids given over the 12 months prior to the test. The azathioprine regime seems to have had no influence on the RES functions. PMID- 7013030 TI - Influence of glucocorticoids on the cellular immune response evoked by an experimental sarcoma in rats. AB - A test system to evaluate the influence of antineoplastic drugs on the cell mediated immune response evoked by an experimental rat carcinoma is presented. Thoracic Duct cells from W 49 tumor-bearing WF rats were added to monolayers of 51Cr-labelled tumor cells. A clear cytotoxic effect was noted. In vivo glucocorticoid treatment of rats after tumor inoculation prevented the appearance of such cells. In vivo tumor growth rate was not affected. PMID- 7013031 TI - Methylprednisolone concentrations in patients with renal transplants as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - It is well known that in healthy individuals as well as in patients with diseases receiving glucocorticoids in a given dosage, there is a wide variation in blood concentrations. These may be of importance not only for the efficacy of treatment, but also for the occurrence of side effects. Pharmacokinetic information on glucocorticoids, is scarce mainly because of lack of suitable methods of analysing these drugs in body fluids. A high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has previously been used for determination of methylprednisolone in plasma (Garg et al., 1977). After modification, this method has been used for determination of methylprednisolone in plasma in healthy subjects and patients with renal transplants. Preliminary data are presented showing a good reproducibility of the method. PMID- 7013032 TI - Steroid diabetes--a sign of overtreatment with steroids in the renal graft recipient? AB - The development of steroid diabetes was studied in a consecutive series of 114 patients receiving a cadaveric renal graft. All were first-time transplantations. For acceptance in the series the graft should have functioned for at least 2 weeks after the transplant operation. The median age of the patients was 52 years. The follow-up period was at least one year. The criterion for a diagnosis of steroid diabetes was an elevated fasting blood glucose concentration of more than 8 mmoles/l. Fifty-two of the patients (46 per cent) developed steroid diabetes. Thirty-four (65 per cent) of them required insulin therapy or peroral anti-diabetic drugs. The mean age of these patients was higher than for those not afflicted by this complication. The first-year mortality was significantly higher, 42 against 13 per cent, respectively (p less than 0.01). The level of significance was not notably affected by correction for age at transplantation. Severe infection was the cause of a large proportion of the deaths in the diabetes group. The findings suggest that the development of steroid diabetes can serve as a warning signal for excessive dosage of corticosteroids, and help to identify patients that are particularly sensitive to immunosuppressive therapy with large doses of steroids. PMID- 7013034 TI - Survival of discordant renal xenografts up to 3 days assessment of function, light and immunofluorescent microscopy. AB - This study concerns the pathology of renal xenografts with prolonged survival, achieved by administering Cobra venom factor. Rabbit kidneys transplanted to cats survived up to 72 hours after transplantation when Cobra venom was administered- whereas survival was only about 10 minutes in untreated animals. This marked prolongation of survival--apparently longer than has been reported previously- gave very favourable conditions for the study of morphological changes in the renal xenografts, and we are able to describe the pathology of xenografts after minutes, hours and days of function. There were two principal findings in the group of long-surviving kidneys: :1) immunereactants were only sparsely deposited. 2) the renal tubules were subject to extensive destruction, whereas the vessels were intact. Continuous urine and blood flow through the transplanted kidneys was seen despite morphological changes and deterioration of renal function. PMID- 7013035 TI - Active treatment of uremia in the city of Goteborg 1966-1977. AB - 137 patients were actively treated because of chronic uremia, during 1966 to 1977 in the city of Goteborg. One year patient survival increased from 51% (1966 to 1968) to 81% (1975 to 1977). Peritoneal dialysis decreased as the initial mode of treatment, and only 3% of the patients started dialysis treatment with this mode of therapy in the last 3-year period. Mean age of the actively treated patients was 44 years. A decreasing mean age of the actively treated patients was found towards the end of the period, reflecting more liberal criteria for accepting young patients with different systemic diseases. If the initial mode of treatment was dialysis, 1-year patient survival in the last 3-year period was 77%. PMID- 7013033 TI - Circulating immune complexes and crisis of rejection in renal transplantation. AB - The present study was conducted to assess whether immune complex (IC) activity, measured by a complement consumption assay (CC) could be used to indicate a forthcoming rejection crisis in the early phase after renal transplantation. Complement factor B and C4 determinations by immunoassays were performed also. Consecutive specimens were drawn from each patient (n = 14) from zero to nineteen days after transplantation. In seven of the fourteen patients elevated levels of IC activity were demonstrated prior to transplantation. About three weeks later only 2 of the patients had demonstrable IC in circulation. Activated factor B (B) was found in 11 of the patients just before transplantation; however, only three of the patients were factor B positive nineteen days later. During the same observation time ten of the patients (71%) had indication of one or several rejection crises. With a few exceptions only minor individual fluctuation in C4 serum-concentrations were seen. It is concluded that circulating IC occurred in a rather high percentage of patients with glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis and that IC determination by the CC assay had no value in the prediction or diagnosis of rejection episodes following renal allotransplantation. PMID- 7013036 TI - HLA-DR typing and B cell cross-match tests in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - Prospective HLA-DR typing and B cell cross-match tests were performed in 177 cadaveric transplants using a modified NIH technique, 24 selected HLA-DR typing sera and B cells separated from peripheral blood in recipients and from spleen in donors. Actuarial graft survival after one year was 60% in HLA-DR compatible transplants and 30% and 18% in transplants mis-matched for 1 and 2 HLA-DR antigens. The favorable prognostic influence of HLA-DR compatibility was observed both among HLA-A, -B compatible and incompatible transplants. Sharing of HLA-DR antigen(s) between donor and recipient was also prognostically beneficial. Standard cross-match tests were negative in all transplants. B cell cross-match tests were positive in 17 cases, and one of these transplants was very acutely rejected. Actuarial graft survival after three months was 35% in B cell cross match positive grafts versus 53% in negative ones. PMID- 7013037 TI - The implications of HLA-DR match for the outcome of cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - Typing for HLA-DR has been performed in cadaver renal transplantations in Stockholm since 1977, but there was no donor-recipient selection based on HLA-DR. During the period 1977-78 76 cadaver renal transplantations were carried out; in 61 of them typing for HLA-DR was performed. There were 4 exclusions, 2 because of a hyperacute rejection of the graft and 2 because the kidney never started to function after the operation owing to irreversible ischemic damage. In 29 of the 57 transplantations remaining for analysis there was one antigen common to the donor and the recipients, and in 28 there was no common antigen; there was no instance of 2 common antigens. The distribution by degree of HLA-A, -B match was the same for the two groups. Graft survival after one year was better for the group with one common HLA-DR antigen, but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7013038 TI - Kidney transplantations in the Nordic countries, 1956-1978. PMID- 7013039 TI - Immediate rejection of a HLA-A, B compatible, HLA-DR incompatible kidney with a positive donor-recipient B-cell crossmatch. PMID- 7013040 TI - The effect of 3-4 HLA-A and -B antigen mis-matched cadaveric kidney transplants on graft and patient survival. AB - During the period 1969 to 1978 survival of recipients of 1st cadaveric renal grafts improved. This improvement occurred in spite of a sharp increase in high risk patients accepted for transplantation, including patients with high age, diabetic nephropathy and advanced arteriosclerotic disease. In the same period 1st graft survival decreased. The declining graft prognosis was related to the acceptance of 3-4 HLA-A and B incompatible grafts from 1973 onwards. Grafts with 0-2 incompatibilities had a stable survival during the whole 10-years period. The group of patients receiving grafts with 3-4 incompatibilities, however, included significantly more patients with diabetic nephropathy and age above 55 years. Further analysis demonstrated that the inferior graft prognosis was caused by a combined effect of HLA-mismatched grafts and the number of high risk patients. The distribution of antibodies at retransplantation (2nd graft) was similar whether the lost 1st graft was compatible for 0-2 or 3-4 HLA antigens. Also the prognosis of retransplantation was similar in the two groups. PMID- 7013041 TI - The significance of HLA-A, -B matching for the survival of cadaveric kidney transplants performed in Stockholm in 1970-78. AB - Of the 320 cadaveric renal transplantations carried out between 1970 and 1978 in Stockholm 308 were analysed with respect to dependence of graft survival on HLA A, -B matching. From November, 1973, kidneys with 3 or 4 HLA-A, -B incompatibilities were accepted much more often than had previously been the case. All but 7 of the 90 grafts with 3 or 4 incompatibilities were transplanted during that period. In order to obtain as homogeneous a group as possible the transplantations performed during this period were analysed separately, and transplantation performed on diabetic patients and retransplantations were excluded. This material comprising 141 transplantations was examined also with respect to other factors that may have a bearing on graft survival. As regards the factors mean age, pre-transplantation dialysis and blood transfusions, primary diuresis at transplantation and high-dose ALG therapy there was no essential difference between the recipients of kidneys from donors with 1 or 2 HLA-A, -B incompatibilities and the 3 or 4 incompatibility group. Thirteen of the 141 transplantations were fully compatible but because this group was small it was not included in the statistical analysis. After 2 years the group with 3 or 4 HLA-A, -B incompatibilities displayed a significantly poorer graft survival than the one with 1 or 2 incompatibilities (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7013042 TI - Cadaveric renal graft survival: the bearing of the number of blood transfusions and of dialysis treatment. AB - In a series of 229 recipients of first-time cadaveric renal grafts the graft survival figures were better the larger the number of blood units transfused prior to transplantation. However, the difference between the groups receiving transfusions and that which did not was statistically significant only for the groups receiving 4 units or more. For the patients receiving more than 20 units there was an elevated incidence of HBs antigenemia and of HLA antibodies. The kidneys received by these patients tended to be better matched than those of the patients given less blood. Graft survival was significantly better for the patients that had been on dialysis than for those that had not. Dialysis was more strongly correlated to graft survival than was blood transfusion. PMID- 7013044 TI - Effect of blood transfusions on first cadaveric graft and uremic patient survival. AB - The 404 cadaveric first transplant candidates registered in Norway at the end of 1977, have been analyzed for blood transfusions; 346 of these patients have been transplanted, 45 died prior to transplantation, while 4 patients have not yet received a transplant and 9 were excluded from the analysis. Slightly less than half of the transplanted patients had been transfused, and these demonstrated significantly better graft survival, most pronounced in those receiving 5 or more transfusions. The majority of the patients dying while waiting for a transplant had been transfused, and in these also a significantly higher frequency of cytotoxic HLA antibodies was observed. All 4 still waiting patients are transfused and have multispecific antibodies. The increase in graft survival after blood transfusions was most pronounced in 1-2 HLA incompatible transplants, less in 3 and 4 antigen incompatible transplants, and no increase was seen in compatible transplants. When analyzing for rejection episodes, however, significant decrease was seen in all transfused groups compared to non transfused. PMID- 7013043 TI - Pretreatment with blood transfusions in primary kidney transplantation. AB - Since 1977 a deliberate pretransplant transfusion protocol consisting of two units of leucocyte poor blood given minimum 6 weeks prior to transplantation was applied to earlier not transfused recipients of primary renal transplants in Gothenburg. Graft loss due to rejection at 6 months was 17% and 8% in cadaver and one shared HLA-haplotype living donor recipients, respectively. These results were very much superior to those earlier obtained in not transfused recipients in this centre. The risk of presensitization seemed low. PMID- 7013045 TI - Activity and follow-up 1978. AB - The total number of kidney grafts performed in Scandiatransplant is 3,915 of which 514 are from 1978. The waiting list seems to be stable at approx. 600 patients. The correlation of HLA-A, B matching and graft survival is highly significant. 3rd and 4th grafts have a much lower survival than 1st and 2nd. Overall results have decreased somewhat during the years. PMID- 7013051 TI - A new device towards intermediate term kidney preservation--an experimental study. AB - A new device for ex-vivo perfusion of kidneys is presented. When used in alteration with hypothermic machine preservation, it was shown to improve kidney function in a four-day autotransplant and contralateral nephrectomy model. PMID- 7013050 TI - Clinical kidney preservation with Sacks' solution. AB - One hundred and eleven cadaver kidneys were preserved by simple hypothermic storage in Sacks' solution for periods up to 41 hours. All kidneys were viable and in 72% of the cases there was significant graft function within three days. These results compare favourably with our previous experience with machine perfusion. It is concluded that perservation of cadaver kidneys in Sacks's solution is a reliable method for periods up to at least 30 hours which corresponds well to our clinical needs. Simple hypothermic storage is thus today our routine method of preservation. PMID- 7013047 TI - Effect of pre-transplant blood transfusions and haemodialysis on the survival of first kidney grafts from living related donors. AB - The influence of pre-transplant blood transfusions and haemodialysis has been analyzed in 191 consecutive living related first transplants. A significantly increased graft survival was seen among patients having received blood transfusions and transplanted with a 1 haplotype disparate kidney, while no effect could be observed in HLA-identical transplantations. No significant effect could be detected on recipient survival. Four patients to receive 1 haplotype mis matched grafts were sensitized against their potential donors by transfusions, and therefore not transplanted with living related donors. The frequency of first rejection episodes was highly significantly reduced in transfused compared to non transfused 1 haplotype mis-matched transplanted patients while no influence was seen in identicals. Pretransplant haemodialysis improved graft survival, the difference was, however, only significant in the 1 haplotype mis-matched group. When analyzed for patient survival, the difference between the pre-dialytic patients and those on haemodialysis was even more pronounced. When analyzed separately, both blood transfusions and haemodialysis had a beneficial effect on graft survival. PMID- 7013049 TI - Renal transplantation in patients with polycystic kidney disease in Gothenburg. AB - The results have been reviewed of 120 renal transplants performed on 82 patients with polycystic kidney disease in Gothenburg. Actual patient survival and graft survival at one year were 64% and 31% resp. Graft survival at three months to 12 months was significantly higher in patients transfused prior to transplantation compared to non-transfused patients. Since there was no difference in the incidence of sepsis or urinary tract infections in nephrectomized compared to non nephrectomized patients it seems safe to leave polycystic kidneys in situ, provided there are no specific indications for nephrectomy. PMID- 7013046 TI - Blood transfusion and human renal transplantation. AB - Analysis of 156 first cadaver-kidney transplants performed in one transplantation center revealed a better graft survival in the group of transfused patients compared to the non-transfused patients. The degree of statistical significance between the groups improved with increasing number of pre-transplant blood transfusions. Pregnancy had no influence on graft survival. As could be expected the frequency of lymphocytotoxic antibodies before transplantation increased with increasing number of blood transfusions. However, lymphocytotoxic antibodies seemed not to influence graft survival. PMID- 7013052 TI - The effect of cooling rate during perfusion on function and morphology of rabbit kidney grafts. AB - The effect of cooling of rabbit kidneys during the initial flush with Collins' solution for simple hypothermic storage was studied. After cooling at an average rate of 3.7 degrees C/min. graft function was found to be immediately life sustaining, and renal morphology after perfusion as well as 30 min. and 24 hours posttransplant was found to be normal. Posttransplant function after cooling at a rate of 7.2 degrees C/min. was significantly lower, permitting survival of only 30% of recipient animals, and damage was seen in proximal tubular cells. PMID- 7013048 TI - Renal transplantation in polycystic renal disease--a joint Scandinavian report. AB - During the period 1965-1977, a total of 339 patients with polycystic renal disease received at least 1 renal transplant at one of 10 transplant centres in Scandinavia. Patient survival at one year was 67%. The one year graft survival of 319 cadaveric grafts was 40%. The average age of the patient was 56.7 years. Patients who were 60 years or older (93 patients) had a significantly poorer patient and graft survival at one year (50% and 29.5% respectively). Patients receiving kidneys with O incompatibilities did significantly better than other donor-recipient combinations. Previous blood transfusions were associated with better graft prognosis, though the difference was only significant for 2 years. The incidence of posttransplant urinary tract infection (present in 47% of all the patients) was twice as common in patients with a history of pretransplant urinary tract infection (seen in 41% of all the patients). There was no association between posttransplant septicaemia and either pre- or post-transplant urinary tract infection. Only 10.5% of the patients were nephrectomized at the time of transplantation, half of these had urinary tract infection. Twenty-four per cent of the patients were nephrectomized in the posttransplant period, half of these because of infection. There was no difference in the graft survival data of the patients with or without pretransplant urinary tract infection. These findings justify a restrictive practice with regard to pretransplant nephrectomy in patients with polycystic renal disease. PMID- 7013053 TI - An analysis of early graft loss in necrokidney transplantations. PMID- 7013054 TI - Tolfenamic acid in ankylosing spondylarthritis: a double-blind comparison to indomethacin. AB - The randomized, double-blind trial was carried out with 50 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylarthritis and belonging all to type B27 in the HLA system. Tolfenamic acid (600 mg daily) was effective as judged by subjective and numerous objective parameters and was preferable to indomethacin (75 mg daily). Indomethacin caused side effects more frequently than tolfenamic acid. In the indomethacin group 16% of the patients interrupted the 6-month trial because of gastrointestinal complications. No discontinuation of treatment owing to adverse effects of tolfenamic acid occurred. Tolfenamic acid offers one new and good alternative for the medical treatment of ankylosing spondylarthritis. PMID- 7013055 TI - A double-blind study comparing sulindac with indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-two patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were included in a 6-week double-blind study to compare sulindac with indomethacin. Patients were randomly assigned to therapy, either sulindac 100 mg b.i.d. (plus indomethacin placebo) or indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. (plus sulindac placebo). As required dosage was increased to either sulindac 200 mg b.i.d. or indomethacin 50 mg t.i.d. Efficacy of the two drugs was found to be equal but sulindac was better tolerated than indomethacin. PMID- 7013057 TI - Physical training in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled long-term study. I. AB - Twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been given physical training for 4 to 8 years. To compare, we have had a control group of equal size and with the same disease severity. The training program consisted of home training and for most of the patients also group-training led by a physiotherapist. During the observation period we have found a significantly less pronounced progress of X-ray changes in the joints of the active patients compared with control patients. Physiological tests and clinical parameters, including sick-pension and sick-leave, show unanimously a better disease outcome in the active group of patients. There is probably a risk of overuse or disuse of the joints in RA but we believe that it is better to be overactive rather than the reverse. As in many other diseases, the general prescription of rest in RA is not adequate. PMID- 7013056 TI - Effectiveness of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis: Immune changes and long-term results. AB - After a double-blind trial of 4 months, 40 patients with RA were treated with 100 mg Levamisole. Clinical results were good or excellent in 50%. The immunological status is not a valuable criterion for the selection of patients apt to respond to Levamisole. A good correlation was found between clinical improvement, reduction of ESR, percentage of immunoblasts, rheumatoid factor titre and the enhancement of lymphoblastic response to polyclonal mitogens. The treatment maintenance rate for efficacy was much lower for Levamisole than for D penicillamine. PMID- 7013058 TI - Physical training in rheumatoid arthritis: A controlled long-term study. II. Functional capacity and general attitudes. AB - Twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been given physical training for 4-8 years. They are compared with a control group of patients with the same disease. In order to evaluate disease outcome, patients were given a self administered questionnaire to report ADL capacity and some attitudes and feelings concerning their situation. Results are in agreement with earlier reports and show a significantly higher ADL capacity in the trained group compared with the control group. There is a positive correlation between ADL capacity and reported amount of physical training and a negative correlation between ADL capacity and X ray findings and findings at clinical examination. The feeling of weakness is more pronounced in the control group and patients in this group get more discomfort from joints after physical strain than patients in the trained group. A majority of patients in the two groups wish to participate in organized group training. PMID- 7013059 TI - Effect of combined cold and pharmacological ischaemic cardioplegia on myocardial intrinsic sympatho-adrenergic system during coronary bypass surgery. AB - The effect of combined cold and pharmacological ischaemic cardioplegia on the structural integrity and the degree of the functional activity of the inbuilt intrinsic sympatho-adrenergic nervous system was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy of atrial myocardial biopsies obtained in the course of coronary bypass surgery on 8 consecutive patients. The specimens were taken 1) before starting extracorporeal circulation (controls), and 2) at decannulation (i.e. after cold cardioplegic ischaemic asystole and subsequent coronary reperfusion). The cardioplegia was induced by perfusing the coronary arteries via the aortic root with cold "cardioplegic solution" after starting extracorporeal circulation, venting the left ventricle and cross-clamping the ascending aorta. The specimens were processed for semi-quantitative fluorescence histochemical analysis. No changes were observed. Thus, it is concluded that the procedure of the combined cold and pharmacological ischaemic cardioplegia obviously preserves well the neural noradrenalin of the heart, a vital means of compensating for decreasing myocardial contractility. As the clinical parallelism, all patients made a smooth convalescence. PMID- 7013060 TI - Methylprednisolone in the treatment of lung contusion following blunt chest trauma. AB - The effects of large doses of methylprednisolone (MP) (30 mg per kg. b.w.) in patients with lung contusion following blunt chest trauma were studied in 10 patients selected at random and compared with 10 chest trauma patients receiving no steroids, but otherwise treated in the same way. All patients survived. Serious post-traumatic complications were reduced in the steroid group. All patients were followed with haemodynamic and metabolic observations for 6 weeks using Swan-Ganz flow directed thermodilution catheters. The most pronounced effect of MP was a significant reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance which may prevent right heart failure. The study demonstrates that MP should be given in sufficient doses in patients with respiratory insufficiency following blunt chest trauma. PMID- 7013061 TI - [Tumors and myelomonocytic leukemia]. AB - Extramedullary solid tumors of early granulocytic and monocytic precursors are a rare manifestation of acute non lymphoblastic leukemias. They may develop during the course, or be the presenting sign, of leukemia. We describe a case of myelomonocytic tumors involving the skin and the stomach as primary manifestations of leukemia. Two months later the patient developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia with a rapidly fatal course. At autopsy, multiple tumors were found in the skin, the peridural space, the muscles, the peritoneum, the pleura and in several organs, such as in the lungs, the kidneys, the gallbladder and in the whole gastrointestinal tract. The many synonyms of these tumors, the localisation, the chronology of the clinical manifestations and the various problems in the diagnosis are discussed. In the differential diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma, identification of myelomonocytic differentiation in neoplastic cells should be done, using special techniques, such as immunoperoxidase and cytochemical stains for esterases. PMID- 7013062 TI - [Sudden cardiac death as a consequence of heart conduction disorders. II. Sudden cardiac death in lesions of the heart conduction system]. AB - The conduction system in 31 patients (average age 43 years) who died suddenly and unexpectedly is analyzed. Seven cases show essential lesions of the conduction tissue, these lesions being the only pathological findings at all in 5 cases. The loss of conducting fibers is severe and fulfills our morphological criteria for av-block (see Part I). Considering these lesions are the only pathologic findings, there is every reason to believe that these patients died of Adams Stokes attacks. Lack of evidence of a basic disease means that there is idiopathic loss of conducting fibers. The site of the lesion is mainly the branching bundle and the origin of both bundle branches. Fibrosis is never a main feature, and this is why the author is reluctant to characterize the disease simply as bilateral bundle branch fibrosis. PMID- 7013063 TI - [Treatment of refractory ascites by means of the LeVeen shunt]. AB - Amongst the surgical treatments that have been suggested for refractory ascites, the one that has met with the greatest success is the LeVeen shunt. It nevertheless involves certain risks and might even be fatal. The authors' brief experience in this domain has confirmed its positive immediate effects and has also brought to light some of its drawbacks. The large number of potential complications leads one to conclude that the LeVeen shunt should be reserved for refractory ascites and hepato-renal syndrome, and should not be prematurely employed in other situations. PMID- 7013064 TI - [Drug therapy of depression: benefits and limits of blood levels of tricyclic antidepressants]. AB - The introduction of sensitive methods has rendered possible a multitude of studies on the relationship between plasma levels of tricyclics and their clinical effectiveness. However, there are conflicting reports concerning the existence of a "therapeutic window" for the usual antidepressives such as amitriptyline, nortriptyline, chlorimipramine, imipramine, desipramine and maprotiline. The dosage is not indicated routinely but may provide useful hints when the patient does not respond to treatment or does not take the prescribed medication regularly (non-compliance). Plasma measurements of tricyclics have served to investigate the interaction of other drugs, the advantages of single or multiple dosage, the influence of the patient's age and sex and the existence of active metabolites. Other questions have been raised concerning the real efficacy of the drugs, and also concerning the type of depression which responds to this treatment. PMID- 7013065 TI - Factors of safety in the structure of animals. PMID- 7013066 TI - Organophosphorus compounds: molecular basis for their biological properties. PMID- 7013068 TI - Hormonal requirements for growth of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro: and endocrine approach to atherosclerosis. AB - In this study the hormonal requirements for the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro were determined. A serum-free, biochemically defined medium, supplemented with the relevant hormones, permitted proliferation and propagation of normal diploid mammalian arterial smooth muscle cells. Serum-free, hormone supplemented cultures spontaneously formed atherosclerotic plaque-like nodules. Thus atherosclerosis may be mediated by a complex endocrine system. PMID- 7013067 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Sixteen year old Caucasian female with sore throat, fatigability and cervical lymphadenopathy of one month duration. PMID- 7013069 TI - A recognition of the work of Walter H. Seegers in hemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 7013071 TI - The role of increased platelet aggregation in TTP. PMID- 7013070 TI - Prostacyclin and thrombotic microangiopathy. PMID- 7013072 TI - Immunologic and other factors in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). PMID- 7013073 TI - Therapeutic intensive plasmapheresis. PMID- 7013074 TI - Transfusion problems associated with transplantation. AB - We have reviewed the role of blood transfusions in renal and marrow graft recipients. Striking contrasts are evident: while transfusions may promote successful kidney grafting, any transfusions before initiation of the transplant conditioning regimen may jeopardize the treatment of severe aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation. We have suggested guidelines for the transfusion support of transplant candidates before transplantation and for marrow graft recipients after transplantation. It is important to recognize that after conditioning for marrow transplantation, all patients will be profoundly pancytopenic for a limited period of time, and intensive transfusion support is vital to patient survival. PMID- 7013075 TI - Dr. Henry M. Stratton--80 years. PMID- 7013077 TI - The founding of the medical school in singapore (Part II). PMID- 7013078 TI - Prostitution and venereal disease in early Singapore (1819--1889) Part I. PMID- 7013076 TI - [Experimental studies on the sealing properties of various kind of root canal sealers and pastes in vitro, with special reference to non-eugenol preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013079 TI - Detection of microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases: evaluation of two methods. PMID- 7013080 TI - The pathogenic Candida species and diseases caused by candidas in man. PMID- 7013081 TI - Cryptococcus neoformans--pathogen and saprophyte. PMID- 7013083 TI - Three simple solutions for renal flush and preservation. AB - The harvesting of kidneys at small hospitals where standard flush solutions are not available has led to the use of several flush solutions that can be made from readily available materials. Mongrel dogs (15) had bilateral nephrectomy after receiving intravenously a mixture of Ringer's lactate, furosemide (Lasix), mannitol, and chlorpromazine (Thorazine). One kidney was perfused with iced Collins' solution and stored for 24 hours, submerged in the perfusate at 4 C. Five dogs each had the contralateral kidney perfused with a solution of either (1) Ringer's lactate, salt-poor albumin, and heparin; (2) 6% dextran 70 and Fenwall buffered heparin solution; or (3) Ringer's lactate, mannitol, and heparin, and were stored in their respective perfusate. After 24 hours' storage the kidneys were transplanted into the neck, and creatinine clearance (Crcl) was determined on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. The dogs were sacrificed on day 7 and biopsy specimens were obtained from each kidney for pathologic examination. The kidneys perfused with Collins' solution had immediate function after transplantation with an average Crcl of 10.5 at 25 hours and 20.2 at seven days. The kidneys perfused with Ringer's lactate and albumin had minimal function immediately after transplantation and were anuric within 24 hours. The kidneys perfused with dextran solution and Ringer's lactate and mannitol solution had immediate function but output remained low, and by seven days the average Crcl was only 3.0 and 4.5 respectively. All solutions except the Ringer's lactate and albumin were hyperosmolar, thus helping to prevent the "no reflow" phenomenon. These results indicate that the solutions tested do not result in the adequate preservation to warrant clinical use. PMID- 7013082 TI - Prostaglandin suppression: inability to correct severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. AB - A 70-year-old man with classic severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension received three different indomethacin dose regimens. Baseline urinary prostaglandin concentrations were modestly elevated. Although indomethacin greatly lowered prostaglandin production, no sustained improvement in blood pressure or symptoms occurred. It is proposed that the interindividual variations in vascular reactivity and circulating prostaglandin levels may account for the beneficial responses to indomethacin of some patients and the modest responses of others. PMID- 7013084 TI - Comparative costs of diagnosis and treatment in acute pharyngitis. AB - Throat cultures from 86 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of pharyngitis yielded 23 (27%) that were positive for beta-hemolytic streptococci. The cost of using oral antibiotics and of obtaining and processing throat cultures was determined. Using these data the following two theoretic strategies were cost accounted: Strategy A: Empiric Treatment. Obtain no cultures but treat all patients with oral antibiotics for ten days. Total cost = the cost of antibiotics for 86 patients. Strategy B? Selective Treatment. Obtain throat cultures on all patients. Treat patients have cultures positive for beta hemolytic streptococci with a ten-day course of oral antibiotics. Costs were similar for the two strategies. Culture costs are itemized, and methods for cost reduction are suggested. This study presents economic justification for selective treatment as the appropriate approach in the majority of cases of acute pharyngitis of undetermined cause. PMID- 7013085 TI - Methylphenidate in depression and states of apathy. AB - Methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) has been used to treat both depression and apathy. Although it can be useful for apathy, there is little reason to prefer it over a tricyclic antidepressant in the treatment of depression. Side effects and drug interactions are generally not limiting, and methylphenidate is tentatively recommended for the patient whose apathy is jeopardizing his care. PMID- 7013086 TI - Splenic abscess due to Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia. AB - We have described a case of splenic abscess due to Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia. We believe abdominal roentgenograms and computed tomography are most effective in the preoperative evaluation of splenic abscess. Salmonella infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of splenic abscess. PMID- 7013089 TI - Renal preservation technics. AB - This paper discusses modern renal preservation technics, presenting historic background, advantages, and clinical methods. The monitoring of perfused kidneys, methods of in situ hypothermia, the uses of renal preservation in extracorporeal surgery, and the results of cadaver kidney preservation at the Medical University of South Carolina are highlighted. PMID- 7013087 TI - Clinical trial of amitriptyline and fluphenazine in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. AB - Ten adult insulin-dependent diabetics with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy were treated with amitriptyline alone or in combination with fluphenazine hydrochloride. Nine of the subjects had a good result within 48 to 72 hours. Two patients reacted adversely to the medication. These medications appear effective in treating the discomfort associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7013090 TI - Ultrasonic findings in silicone-augmented breasts. AB - The sonographic and clinical findings in four patients with silicone-augmented breasts are presented. The ultrasonographic differences between breasts with silicone injections and breasts with silicone prosthesis are emphasized. Breast sonography may play a role in evaluation of silicone-augmented breasts. Awareness of this diagnostic procedure may help in evaluating these patients. PMID- 7013088 TI - Myocardial abscesses unassociated with infective endocarditis. AB - Review of 3,084 autopsies from 1967 to 1977 at Grady Memorial Hospital Yielded 14 cases of myocardial abscess unassociated with infective endocarditis acceptable for our study. No case was diagnosed ante mortem. Gram-negative organisms, fungi, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Underlying conditions included alcoholic hepatitis, acute myocardial infarction, systemic lupus erythematosus, and various malignancies. The physical examination, chest roentgenogram, and electrocardiogram were not helpful in establishing a diagnosis. complications included pericarditis and congestive heart failure. A high index of suspicion in a debilitated patient not responding to conventional antimicrobial therapy appears to be the only clue to the antemortem diagnosis. Cardiac scintigraphy is promising as a possible means of earlier detection. PMID- 7013091 TI - Quincke, de Musset, Duroziez, and Hill: some aortic regurgitations. AB - Four peripheral signs of aortic insufficiency are considered in terms of their original descriptions, their popularity, and their potential future clinical contribution. It is concluded that: (1) Quincke's capillary pulse sign is not useful. (2) de Musset's head bobbing sign is of undetermined but apparently low sensitivity and specificity. (3) Duroziez's femoral double intermittent murmur sign, as modified by Blumgart and Ernstene, is almost 100% specific for the diagnosis of aortic insufficiency. Since its sensitivity, when properly performed, is about 90%, especially in pure aortic insufficiency, it is highly recommended. (4) Hill's sign (a popliteal indirect systolic blood pressure which is 20 mm Hg greater than a simultaneously measured brachial indirect systolic blood pressure) though almost unknown, is useful in diagnosing all but the mild cases of aortic insufficiency, and is the only sign that may predict the degree of aortic insufficiency subsequently found angiographically. PMID- 7013092 TI - Plasmodium falciparum strains from Papua New Guinea: culture characteristics and drug sensitivity. AB - Seven strains of Plasmodium falciparum from Papua New Guinea have been established in continuous in vitro culture. Samples with a high initial parasitaemia were more likely to form continuous lines, possibly due to the time required for transport of infected blood samples from Papua New Guinea to laboratories in Australia. Most but not all established lines were resistant to chloroquine and all were resistant to pyrimethamine, possibly reflecting the parasite strain characteristics in that region. PMID- 7013093 TI - Serum cholinesterase activity in patients with malaria infection. AB - Serum cholinesterase activities were determined in 87 patients of both sexes with P. falciparum malaria in comparison to those of 80 blood donors. Patients with acute P. falciparum malaria had significantly lower serum cholinesterase activity than those of the control group. After treatment, their serum cholinesterase levels returned to the normal level. Serum albumin concentration also showed the same pattern and had a direct relationship to those of serum cholinesterase levels. These findings indicated that malarial parasites had some effect on the liver cells which resulted in impaired hepatic synthesis of serum cholinesterase and albumin concentrations. This result therefore add new information that there was a disturbance of enzyme cholinesterase among many liver enzymes that have been shown to be altered during an acute malarial attack. PMID- 7013094 TI - Treatment of falciparum malaria with sulfalene-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine pyrimethamine. AB - The study was carried out in 89 uncomplicated falciparum malaria adult cases admitted to Paholpol-Phayuhasena Hospital, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, during July 1979 and March 1980. The patients were divided alternatively into 2 groups. Group I, 46 patients, were treated with a single dose of 1000 mg sulfalene and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets of Metakelfin). Group II, 43 patients, were treated with 1000 mg sulfadoxine and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets of Fansidar). The parasitemia was cleared within 7 days in 7 cases (15.2%) of group I and in 11 cases (25.6%) of group II. The results of both groups are not statistically significant. It is concluded that the success rate of Fansidar in the treatment of falciparum malaria is decreasing in Thailand and Metakelfin can be used in the treatment of falciparum malaria either alone in mild cases or in combination with quinine as an alternative to Fansidar. PMID- 7013095 TI - Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis in Thailand: I. Clinical trial of praziquantel. AB - Praziquantel (Embay 8440) was found to be effective in eliminating egg of Opishtorchis viverrini. from the stools of 49 patients. Two regimens were used: Group I patients received 25 mg/kg body weight three times daily after meals for two consecutive days: and Group II patients received 25 mg/kg body weight three times daily after meals for one day. In both groups eggs were not detected in the faeces by day 60 and up to 4-8 months post treatment. Mild transient side effects were present in approximately 80% of patients of Group I, with milder side effects reported in Group II. Severe diarrhoea was present on day 0 in one patient from each group. Side reactions included headache, dizziness, myalgia and lassitude, however, no laboratory evidence of toxicity was detected. PMID- 7013096 TI - Chloramphenicol resistant strains in salmonellosis in Jakarta. AB - During an observation period of 20 months (from January 1978 to September 1979) 123 children with clinically suspected salmonellosis were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, 70 males and 53 females varying in age from 17 days to 14 years. S. typhi or S. enteriditis was isolated from the stool, urine, blood or cerebrospinal fluid in 85% (105/123) of the cases. The results of the microbiologic examination showed that 28 out of the 105 cases (27%) were resistant to chloramphenicol of which the S. sero-group C1 was predominant. It appeared that 28 cases conformed to the clinical data. In all these cases chloramphenicol was replaced by other antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. The mortality rate was 7% (9/123). Four of the fetal cases were from the chloramphenicol resistant group. PMID- 7013097 TI - Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in patients with diarrhoea in Bangkok. AB - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were recovered from 17 of 82 patients (20.7%) with diarrhoea admitted to Bamrajnaradura Hospital. Six patients (7.3%) were infected with LT + ETEC, 6 patients (7.3%) with ST + ETEC, 2 patients (2.4%) with LT + ST + ETEC and 3 patients with mixed ETEC infection, two of them had LT + ST + and LT + and one had LT + and ST + ETEC infections. There was no significant differences between the age group and the positive isolation of ETEC. Only 33 of 63 isolates could be typed. Two of 4 patients with LT + ST + ETEC had 078 serotype. There was no correlation between enteroxigencity and enteropathogenicity as determined by the antisera used. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 51.6% of ETEC isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline, and all ETEC were sensitive to gentamicin and cotrimoxazole. PMID- 7013099 TI - [Social hygiene in the works and activities of L. G. Belliarminov]. PMID- 7013098 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov in the Kirovograd District]. PMID- 7013100 TI - [Problem of controlling alcoholism in the scientific and public activities of Prof. L. S. Minor (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7013101 TI - [Reforms in the field of medical service organization in Russia at the end of the 18th century]. PMID- 7013102 TI - [Use of scientific methods in the history of medicine]. PMID- 7013103 TI - [Pain expressed centuries ago (on the 37th anniversary of Rembrandt's birth)]. PMID- 7013104 TI - [Dr. Vladimir S. Stanojevic (3 March 1886 - 5 June 1978)]. PMID- 7013105 TI - Metabolic alterations in cancer. Part I. Carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Glucose intolerance seen in weight-losing patients may not result from qualitative or quantitative alterations in insulin secretion or binding. It may, however, be the result of increased gluconeogenic flux which occurs in these patients. This may be due to increased substrate availability resulting from lactate production as the unoxidized-end-product of tumour glycolysis (Warburg effect). In addition, increased levels of glucogenic amino acid may be associated with preferential amino acid sequestration by the tumour, causing decreased muscle proteogenesis and therefore atrophy. Enhanced glucose demand by tumour cells may also lead to an increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, as will the production of ectopic ACTH. PMID- 7013106 TI - [Imaging of the myocardium with thallium-201]. AB - Myocardial imaging after the intravenous injection of radionuclides offers a non invasive, highly sensitive and reliable method for the detection of myocardial infarction and regional myocardial ischaemia. Considerable attention has been given to various isotopes as a means of independent assessment of regional blood flow distribution in the normal, ischaemic or infarcted myocardium. The clinical use of cationic tracers such as potassium-43 and rubidium-81 is based upon the principle that tracer uptake is proportional to regional myocardial blood flow. A region of absent tracer uptake suggests the presence of previous infarction or fibrosis, while a new perfusion defect appearing after stress suggests transient ischaemia. These isotopes, however, have significant physical limitations as imaging agents. The physical and biological properties of thallium-201, however, make it ideally suited for imaging of the myocardium with currently available imaging equipment. PMID- 7013107 TI - Metabolic alterations in cancer. Part II. Protein and fat metabolism. AB - Intracellular changes in protein metabolism within cancer cells may facilitate cell reduplication, and this may be supported by changes in enzymes responsible for protein synthesis and degradation. Synthesis of ectopic hormones probably reflects genetic de-repression. Increased muscle proteolysis has been reported by some workers in cancer patients, and this may be associated with muscle cells, increased glucocorticoid secretion by the adrenal cortex, increased gluconeogenesis or impaired muscle glycolysis. Decreased proteogenesis has also been reported to occur in the muscles of cancer patients. Although tumour tissue may inhibit muscle proteogenesis, there are as yet no data to suggest a direct tumour-derived ectopic substance which affects muscle proteolysis or proteogenesis. Data regarding serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in weight losing cancer patients are conflicting, although it is likely that abnormally high values are due to liver dysfunction rather than enhanced peripheral lipolysis. Nevertheless, since serum levels may be normal if FFA consumption is increased to the same extent as release, these levels need not indicate overall FFA turnover. If enhanced FFA release from fat stores does occur, this may provide the liver with an energy source required for its increased commitment to gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7013108 TI - Effects of four prostaglandin analogues on menstrual cycle length and peripheral levels of 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone in the chacma baboon. AB - Four different prostaglandin analogues were studied with regard to their effects on menstrual cycle length and peripheral in th chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). Pooled data showed that the luteal phase was shortened by more than 4 days and that both hormone levels were reduced significantly after treatment. In terms of the inhibition of progesterone production as an absolute index of corpus luteum function, PGF2 alpha, 1,15-lactone, and 11 alpha (15S)-17-phenyl-ent-18-19,20 trinor-PGE2 methyl ester were found to be the most effective luteolytic compounds. PMID- 7013109 TI - The Black Death in England. AB - From 1348 to 1350 Europe was devastated by an epidemic of plague, called at the time the Great Mortality and later the Black Death. The epidemic reached southern Europe from the Middle East and spread northward, reaching England in June 1348. Contemporary descriptions leave no doubt of the diagnosis, but estimates of the mortality differ widely owing to lack of contemporary statistics; in England it was probably between one-third and one-half of the population. The Black Death and subsequent plague epidemics in the 14th century had marked social and economic effects, reduced the prestige of the Church and off the medical profession, and were a factor in the social unrest which led to the Renaissance of the Reformation. PMID- 7013110 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism. Clinicopathological aspects and biochemical screening. AB - Congenital hypothyroidism is the commonest endocrine disorder of childhood. Early thyroxine therapy will ameliorate or prevent the considerable physical and mental retardation that is the hallmark of infantile hypothyroidism, and evidence is presented that a neonatal screening programme for thyroid hormones will reveal evidence of primary thyroid hypofunction (1/4 500 births) in infants prior to clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7013111 TI - Disabling errors of skin keratinization. Ichthyosiform erythrodermas and the 'half-baby syndrome' treated with an aromatic retinoid. AB - The congenital ichthyosiform erythrodermas have become readily treatable with an aromatic retinoid. Satisfactory initial results over the first few months of treatment were achieved when the new preparation was given to Transvaal patients known to have these disorders and hitherto treated in vain. The pharmacology of the drug and therapeutic experiences in 6 cases are described. PMID- 7013112 TI - Use of tannic acid as a fixative-mordant to improve the ultrastructural appearance of Candida albicans blastospores. AB - Blastospores of Candida albicans, grown in YM broth (Difco, pH 6.0), were treated with tannic acid as part of a fixation schedule with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. The results obtained were compared to routine fixation procedures employing glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate, as well as several schedules using various combinations of the aforementioned fixatives. Glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide-tannic acid fixed cells had several morphological structures accentuated, including sharply delineated cytoplasmic and organelle membranes, a detailed cytoplasmic matrix, and an intensified layered cell wall. Tannic acid has been found to react as a mordant between osmium tetroxide and lead citrate, forming a "stabilizing matrix" within the cells. Blastospores appeared to have an improved comprehensive ultrastructural appearance, a result of the tannic acid-matrix preserving cellular components for electron microscopy. PMID- 7013113 TI - Freeze fracture electron microscopical investigation of Candida albicans cells sensitive and resistant to nystatin. AB - A sterol mutant was isolated after nitrosoguanidine treatment, on the basis of th nystatin-resistant phenotypic behaviour, from a Candida albicans strain requiring adenine. The plasma membrane ultrastructure of the resistant mutant, observed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, was not significantly different from the parental, ergosterol producing nystatin-sensitive strain. Nystatin treatment caused no ultrastructural change in the resistant strain, but led to the aggregation of membrane particles in the sensitive strain: this effect was considered to be the specific effect of nystatin. Other, probably nonspecific effects of nystatin on the sensitive strain were a deepening and deformation of invaginations, atypical membrane fracture, certain changes in the structure of cell wall and special ornamentation of its surface. No change in the intracellular membranes was observed. PMID- 7013114 TI - Further evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence methods for detection of antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - The IF titres of IgG antibodies to hyphal antigen preparations of 6 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus were compared with the titres to germling antigen preparations of the same isolates. Titres varied according the antigen used and the method of preparation. No single isolate or method of antigen preparation enabled a group of 15 patients with aspergillosis to be separated from a group of asthmatic subjects or a group of patients with other fungal infections, but significantly higher means IF titres were obtained for the group of patients with aspergillosis. PMID- 7013115 TI - Enhanced retention of motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in vitro by the addition of gelatin to anaerobic medium. AB - The effect of gelatin on the survival of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in anaerobic maintenance medium was investigated by monitoring of the retention of treponemal motility and virulence. Motility of T. pallidum was determined by dark field microscopy, and virulence of T. pallidum was measured by observation of the latent periods of infection after inoculation of rabbits with virulent organisms. Gelatin concentrations of zero, 3%, 5%, and 15% were tested, and optimal retention of treponemal motility and virulence was observed at 5% and 10% gelatin. PMID- 7013116 TI - Syphilis and Marriage by Alfred Fournier. PMID- 7013117 TI - Incidence of positive serologic tests for treponemal infection in healthy rabbits. AB - Sera from 167 apparently normal rabbits were screened by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test and by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) and microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP) test. Three sera (1.8%) were reactive in all three tests, a fact suggesting possible inapparent infection with Treponema paraluis-cuniculi. One hundred forty-four sera (86.2%) were nonreactive in all tests. The VDRL slide test was reactive with 22 sera (13.2%). In 19 of these, treponemal tests were nonreactive; thus the rabbits probably were not infected with pathogenic treponemes. One hundred sixty-three sera (97.6%) were nonreactive in both treponemal tests, and three sera (1.8%) were reactive in both. One serum was reactive in the FTA-Abs test and nonreactive in the MHA-TP test. The lower incidence of reactivity with treponemal tests suggests that the FTA-Abs and MHA TP tests are more useful than the VDRL slide test for screening rabbits intended for experimental studies of syphilis. PMID- 7013118 TI - [Efforts achieved in the past (hemotherapy)]. PMID- 7013119 TI - [Physiopathology of renal anemia]. PMID- 7013120 TI - Cybrid formation with recipient cell lines containing dominant phenotypes. AB - A clone of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, BT3, resistant to Tevenel, the sulfamoyl analog of chloramphenicol has been isolated. Resistance was found to be at the mitochondrial level and was shown to be cytoplasmically inherited. This marker was then used to develop a method by which a cell line possessing a dominant nuclear mutation (resistance to 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, DRB) could be used as the recipient in cybrid formation. The unique feature in this procedure was the removal of nucleated cells from the cytoplasts by passage through unipore filters. The dominant character of the DRB- and Tevenel-resistant phenotypes permitted the selection of cybrids immediately after fusion. This initially increased the frequency of cybrid clones 16-fold as compared to a recipient cell line possessing a recessive marker. The possibility of extending the method to recipient cells lacking a selectable drug-resistance marker is discussed. PMID- 7013121 TI - A simple method for fusing human lymphocytes with rodent cells in monolayer by polyethylene glycol. AB - Human lymphocytes were efficiently hybridized with three rodent cell lines growing attached to a substrate, by a procedure similar to the monolayer fusion technique. Lymphocytes in suspension were directly added to the monolayer and cocultured for a few hours. Treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced close contact between the two cell types, and extensive cell fusion occurred. The rate of hybridization differed markedly for the different cell lines used. PMID- 7013122 TI - Observations on the improvements in carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic and other morbidly obese patients after jejunoileal bypass. AB - In most morbidly obese patients with diabetes, fasting plasma glucose levels decreased immediately after jejunoileal bypass operations, with patients often becoming normoglycemic before discharge from the hospital. All 12 patients who had required insulin or orally administered hypoglycemic agents preoperatively were able to discontinue the medication shortly after the operation. Oral glucose tolerance test curves in all morbidly obese patients had a flattened pattern, in the normal range, postoperatively. Serum insulin levels, which had been elevated preoperatively, decreased significantly, both in fasting and postglucose determinations. Results of intravenous glucose tolerance tests showed little change in the early period after operation. Improvement in carbohydrate metabolism may be due to several factors and does not appear to be dependent upon massive weight loss. Major factors may include decreased absorption of carbohydrates and amino acids, decreased oral caloric intake, increased insulin sensitivity and decreased output of gastric inhibitory polypeptide as well as the eventual weight loss. PMID- 7013124 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure. PMID- 7013123 TI - Amelioration of the pulmonary effects of massive autotransfusion with corticosteroids in the dog. AB - In this study, pulmonary changes were investigated following massive autotransfusion with local anticoagulation as well as whether or not corticosteroids would provide a protective effect. Twenty mongrel dogs were bled into the peritoneal cavity and autotransfused with the Sorenson system for a total of twice their blood volume. Blood was reinfused by means of 40 micron effective filters. Ten dogs were given 30 milligrams per kilogram of methylprednisolone sodium succinate at the time that autotransfusion was begun. Dogs of the control group had a decrease in cardiac output and oxygen delivery. Steroid-treated dogs had insignificant hemodynamic changes. Both groups showed a slight rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, but the arterial pO2 and pCO2 were unaltered. Two independent pathologists, in a blind study, examined the upper lobe of the left lung for hemorrhage, congestion, edema and fibrin thrombi. Nine of ten dogs in the control study had marked changes. A similar degree of alteration was recorded in only five of ten dogs in the steroid treated group. Corticosteroids mitigated the deleterious effects of massive autotransfusion in a canine model, and this may indicate their use in the critically injured patients undergoing this procedure. PMID- 7013125 TI - Revisit of Samuel D. Gross, M.D. PMID- 7013126 TI - Agents and techniques for disinfection of the skin. PMID- 7013127 TI - Edgar A. Kahn, M.D. PMID- 7013128 TI - Stereotactic guided biopsy in the computerized tomographic scanner. PMID- 7013129 TI - Aneurysm of fenestrated basilar artery. PMID- 7013130 TI - Multiple aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system associated with fenestration of the vertebral artery. AB - A rare case of multiple aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system associated with fenestration of the intracranial vertebral artery is reported. A search of the world literature revealed 56 other cases of the vertebral artery fenestration, mainly in reports from Japan. Only 11 cases of this association with intracranial aneurysms were reported, and none of these aneurysms were located on the posterior circulation. Association of multiple vertebrobasilar aneurysms and vertebral artery fenestration is rare. PMID- 7013131 TI - Keratoplasty: a historical perspective. AB - Replacement of the dysfunctional cornea was an idea originating in the 18th century. The 19th century was a period of intense experimentation with various forms of keratoplasty. This work bore fruits in the early 1900s when the successful penetrating homograft was realized. Since that time, advances in surgical techniques and method of tissue preservation, as well as a greater appreciation of corneal immunobiology, have made keratoplasty a readily available surgical alternative. PMID- 7013132 TI - The treatment of innominate artery stenosis by intraoperative transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7013133 TI - Increased immunogenicity of canine liver cell allografts. PMID- 7013134 TI - [Functional evaluation of bridges on intraosseous implants in the edentulous jaw after use of 6 months to 6 1/2 years]. PMID- 7013135 TI - [Protector for biomechanical root retention]. PMID- 7013136 TI - [Can toothlessness be cured?]. PMID- 7013137 TI - [Optimal use of expectorants (current trends)]. PMID- 7013138 TI - [Ischemic heart disease: risk factors and the level of high density lipoproteins (alpha-lipoproteins)]. PMID- 7013140 TI - [Use of psychological methods for changing the behavior contributing to the development of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7013143 TI - [Protracted forms of pseudotuberculosis in the Far East]. PMID- 7013139 TI - [Results and prospects of treatment of various hematologic tumors]. PMID- 7013145 TI - [Therapy and chemoprophylaxis of malaria]. PMID- 7013141 TI - [Adrenergic alpha- and beta receptor blockaders in hypertension]. PMID- 7013142 TI - [Effectiveness of specific prevention of pollinoses and dust-induced bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7013144 TI - [Pulmonary shunt in acute pneumonia and its management]. PMID- 7013148 TI - The history of medicine with special regard to Hungarian studies. PMID- 7013146 TI - [Proteolytic activity of the gastric juice in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7013147 TI - [Clinical importance of blood kinin and insulin in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7013149 TI - Immunological abnormalities in cystic fibrosis: chicken or egg? PMID- 7013150 TI - Domiciliary nebulised salbutamol solution in severe chronic airway obstruction. AB - Nine patients with severe chronic airway obstruction secondary to chronic bronchitis and emphysema all preferred nebulised salbutamol solution to placebo in a double-blind controlled trial. Four of the patients who had previously received domiciliary nebulised salbutamol failed to complete the placebo period, though all completed the active period. Five others improved subjectively on active therapy, and showed a significant improvement in morning and evening peak flows. Symptom scores for breathlessness, wheezing, and sputum production were lower in the active treatment period and standard aerosol usage fell, although these changes might have been due to chance. Patients with severe chronic airway obstruction who do not respond to conventional bronchodilator therapy should be considered for this form of treatment. PMID- 7013151 TI - [Textbooks in general medicine. A review]. PMID- 7013152 TI - Nurse cell-oocyte interaction in the telotrophic ovarioles of an insect, Rhodnius prolixus. AB - Microinjection of intracellular tracers fluorescein, Procion Yellow, Lucifer Yellow and horseradish peroxidase unequivocally showed the syncytial structure of the tropharium and its interaction with the oocytes. The tropharium tip is a separate isolated compartment. Finger-like nurse cell projections comprising the syncytial tropharium interact via gap junctions along their abutting membranes and also via large cytoplasmic continuities at the central trophic core. The trophic cords connecting the tropharium to oocyte vary in diameter relative to oocyte stage. Continuity of the tropharium with the oocytes is lost at approximately 1000 micron oocyte length and the severed cords then regress from the oocyte to the tropharium base. Variation in cord diameters and timing of cord closure may account for the highly regulated sequential oocyte growth. PMID- 7013154 TI - 1979 bibliographic index: poisons, toxins and venoms of natural origin. PMID- 7013153 TI - Metabolic activation of 2-aminofluorene by isolated rat liver cells through different pathways leading to hepatocellular DNA-repair and bacterial mutagenesis. AB - The aromatic amine 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) is metabolised by isolated rat liver cells to reactive species, thereby causing mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 and evoking DNA-excision repair within the liver cells. The pathway leading to the production of metabolites mutagenic in Salmonella is likely to proceed via direct N-hydroxylation of 2-AF to N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-OH-2-AF). On the other hand, the formation of intermediates giving rise to hepatocellular DNA-repair is shown to depend upon N-acetylation of 2-AF to 2 acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF), whereas a subsequent conjugation reaction, most likely to be sulfate ester formation, is also essentially involved. PMID- 7013159 TI - 3-Ethyl and 3-methyl ethers of 19-iodocholesterol as potential adrenal scanning agents. AB - 19-Iodocholesterol-131I, though useful as an adrenal scanning agent, was found to be unstable. However, the substitution of methoxyl and ethoxyl groups for the hydroxyl group in the 3 position rendered these derivatives much more stable in solid form than the parent compound. They showed concentration in the adrenals of dogs similar to that of 19-iodocholesterol itself and therefore may be useful as adrenal scanning agents. PMID- 7013156 TI - A crinotoxin from the skin tubercle glands of a stonefish (Synanceia trachynis). PMID- 7013155 TI - [Local effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus venom in white mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013158 TI - Mutagenicity and toxicity studies with high pressure nitrous oxide. AB - The mutagenic and toxic potential of nitrous oxide were assessed in vitro by microbial assay using two histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA98 and TA100. Bacteria on plates and in liquid suspension in the presence or absence of enzymes prepared from rat liver, were exposed in a pressure chamber to partial pressures of nitrous oxide ranging from 0.5 to 6 atmospheres. Nitrous oxide decreased viability of both strains of bacteria at 4 and 6 atmospheres but was not mutagenic at any pressure tested. PMID- 7013160 TI - Synthesis of 16 alpha-3H androgen and estrogen substrates for 16 alpha hydroxylase. AB - The synthesis of 16 alpha-3H androgens and estrogens is described. 1-(3H)-Acetic acid in the presence of zinc dust reacts with 16 alpha-bromo-17-ketosteroids to produce 16 alpha-3H-17-ketosteroids. This chemical reaction was used to prepare 16 alpha-3H-dehydroepiandrosterone (I) and 16 alpha-3H-estrone acetate (XI) from 16 alpha-bromo-dehydroepiandrosterone (X) and from 16 alpha-bromo-estrone acetate (XII), respectively. Using appropriate microbiological techniques, it was possible to convert these radiolabelled substrates into 16 alpha-3H androstenedione (II) and 16 alpha-3H-estradiol-17 beta (VII). 16 alpha-3H-Estrone (VI) was obtained by the chemical hydrolysis of 16 alpha-3H-estrone acetate. The label distribution as determined by microbiological 16 alpha-hydroxylations indicated a specific labelling of 77% for androgens and 65% for estrogens in the 16 alpha position. These substrates can be used for measuring the 16 alpha hydroxylase activity, an important step in the biosynthesis of estriol (VIII) and estetrol (IX). PMID- 7013161 TI - Photoactivated zinc silicate in thin layer chromatography plates: a potential cause for error in liquid scintillation counting. AB - Thin layer chromatography plates impregnated with fluorescent indicator permit easy identification of many compounds by exposure to ultraviolet light. Exposure of zinc silicate treated plates to ultraviolet light (254 nm) for 30 seconds induced photoluminescence which persisted at significant levels for longer than 24 hours. This artifact significantly interfered with radioactivity quantitation in three commercially available liquid scintillation solutions. Chromatography plates impregnated with calcium silicate demonstrated insignificant ultraviolet light induced photoluminescence. The use of 14C rather than 3H-radiolabeled compounds, protecting the plate with aluminum foil when visualizing reference compounds with ultraviolet light, and heating the photoactivated plate to accelerate disappearance of the photoluminescence minimized the error in liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 7013162 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in thrombosis. PMID- 7013157 TI - Effects of Cerastes cerastes (Egyptian sand viper) and Cerastes vipera (Sahara sand viper) snake venoms on blood coagulation: separation of coagulant and anticoagulant factors and their correlation with arginine esterase and protease activities. PMID- 7013164 TI - Monitoring pediatric serum theophylline, phenobarbital, and phenytoin with the IL Multistat III. AB - We compared results of theophylline, phenobarbital, and phenytoin assays by the EMIT method using the IL Multistat III Micro Centrifugal Analyzer with results by the EMIT semiautomated procedure on a Beckman 25 spectrophotometer equipped with a semiautomated pipettor-dilutor and a model 2400 automatic timer/printer. We assessed linearity, precision, specificity, and correlation with other methods, The IL MCA III is precise, easy to use, and suitable for routine use in a pediatric laboratory. Only 3 microliter of serum is used for each drug analysis, and 17 results can be obtained in 8 min. Reagent costs can be reduced fourfold. PMID- 7013163 TI - Management of patients with established ("completed") cerebral infarction. AB - Management of patients with sudden neurological deficit must be based on complete knowledge of the underlying cause. In about 80% of such patients, a careful history and examination will lead to a precise etiologic and anatomic diagnosis. If the deficit is vascular in etiology, therapy and prognosis depend on its stage of evolution. PMID- 7013165 TI - Substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for phenobarbital. AB - An assay for the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital (PB) has been developed that is based on the principles of the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay. A fluorogenic enzyme substrate, galactosyl umbelliferone, was covalently linked to a derivative of PB. The labeled drug, galactosyl umbelliferone-PB (GUPB), is nonfluorescent under conditions of the assay; however, hydrolysis of the galactosyl moiety by bacterial beta-galactosidase yields a fluorescent product. When GUPB is bound by antibody to PB, it is not a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, only GUPB not bound to antibody is hydrolyzed. In competitive binding reactions, using a fixed concentration of GUPB and a limiting amount of antibody, the PB in serum and the GUPB compete for antibody-binding sites. The fluorescence produced upon enzymatic hydrolysis of unbound GUPB is directly proportional to the concentration of PB. Unknown serum levels of PB are determined from a standard curve of fluorescent intensity versus standard PB concentrations. The assay is specific, sensitive, and easy to perform. It is carried out by adding the equivalent of 2 microliters of serum standard or unknown directly to a cuvette containing 3 ml of a buffered solution of antibody and enzyme. One-hundred microliters of GUPB is added, and the fluorescence intensity is measured after a fixed time (any time from 5 to 90 min). Using clinical specimens, our assay correlated well with a commercial enzyme immunoassay (correlation coefficient = 0.97) and had an interassay precision of less than 7%. PMID- 7013166 TI - Plasma protein binding of phenytoin in health and disease: relevance to therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - It is generally accepted that only the unbound drug in plasma is in equilibrium with drug in the biophase. Under these circumstances, routine measurement of total drug levels in plasma can be justified only if the interpatient variability in protein binding is small. In the case of phenytoin, this is not always true. Important alterations in the plasma protein binding of phenytoin may occur in the perinatal period, in late pregnancy, in hepatic disease, in renal failure, in the nephrotic syndrome and other conditions associated with hypoalbuminemia, and in the presence of displacing agents such as valproic acid, phenylbutazone, and salicylic acid. Changes in protein binding may alter substantially the relationship between the plasma concentration of total drug and the magnitude of pharmacological effect. This possibility needs to be taken into account when interpreting serum phenytoin levels in clinical practice. PMID- 7013167 TI - Gas chromatographic methods for the determination of antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review. AB - Despite the availability of a variety of methods for determining the concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in body fluids--including thin-layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, etc.--gas chromatography remains perhaps the routinely used tool for therapeutic drug monitoring in this area. As a result of the need to improve precision and reproducibility, as well as to reduce costs, among other factors, there has been a continuous technical improvement in the technique. And in the last 10 years, more than 100 papers have described gas chromatography for the determination of antiepileptic drugs. Needless to say, only a small percentage of these publications described methods of a significantly new character. In order to facilitate the task, of comparing methods for the purpose of choosing a technique suitable to a specific need, we have reviewed the analytic parameters described in the 114 publications of the last decade. These parameters include the following: (1) drugs determined, (2) internal standard, (3) amount of sample, (4) extraction procedure, (5) preparation of derivatives, (6) sample injection, (7) detection, (8) column support and temperature, and (9) stationary phase. We present these data in a comprehensive tabular form together with a number of comments concerning specific techniques. PMID- 7013168 TI - Comparison of gentamicin assays. AB - The reliability of the newly developed enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) for gentamicin with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique that utilizes a double antibody technique was compared. A split sample comparison was performed on 86 serum gentamicin levels from 35 patients. The Gilford System 4 and the Abbott Auto Log Gamma Counter were employed for the EMIT and RIA assays, respectively. Comparison of the two methods revealed good correlation (r = 0.954), slope (0.952), and an intercept of 0.017 over the range of the standard curve (1--16 microgram/ml). Within-run and between-run precision were comparable for both systems. Both assays have found widespread application for routine therapeutic monitoring of gentamicin. However, the EMIT gentamicin assay offers significant advantages in speed and simplicity while maintaining comparable accuracy and precision to that of the established RIA procedures. PMID- 7013169 TI - A comparison of plasma phenytoin level determinations by EMIT and gas-liquid chromatography in patients with renal insufficiency. AB - Monitoring the blood levels of antiepileptic drugs (AED) has proven to be of value in the clinical management of epileptic patients. We have compared the plasma concentrations of AED determined by enzyme multiplied immunoassays (EMIT) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) assays and identified a group of patients (n = 22) in whom the EMIT values for phenytoin were up to three times higher than those obtained by GLC. All these patients were oliguric with various degrees of azotemia, most of them undergoing weekly hemodialysis. The ratio of EMIT over GLC was 2.0 in 14 patients, 2.5 in 5 patients, and near 3.0 in 3 patients. These ratios remained relatively constant during repeated determinations over several months. The magnitude of difference between EMIT and GLC values (microgram/ml) was not related to the degree of azotemia. The discrepancy remained unchanged when various modifications of EMIT and GLC techniques were used. When phenytoin was added in vitro to plasma from nonepileptic oliguric azotemic patients, the measured phenytoin values were close to and not higher than the target values by either methodology. We feel that, when monitoring phenytoin blood levels in epileptic patients with renal insufficiency, one should be aware of a discrepancy between phenytoin values assayed by GLC and EMIT. PMID- 7013170 TI - A fluorometric assay for red blood cell antibodies. AB - A fluorometric assay is described for the detection of red blood cell antibodies. The assay reveals as little as 600 molecules of bound, fluoresceinated rabbit anti-human IgG antibodies per erythrocyte. Eleven patients with possible autoimmune erythrocyte disorder and negative direct antiglobulin test were studied by the fluorometric assay. The outcome of the fluorometric assay was compared with that of the human allogeneic rosette test. Results obtained by the two methods were in complete agreement. Five of the patients were shown to possess unexpectedly high levels of erythrocyte-bound IgG in spite of a negative, direct antiglobulin test. These findings and the validity of the fluorometric assay are discussed. PMID- 7013173 TI - Cyclosporin A as a means of preventing rejection of skeletal muscle allografts in mice. AB - Isografts and allografts of skeletal muscle inserted into the limbs of mice initially degenerate. After some 5 to 8 days newly formed myotubes appear in the graft which develop into mature muscle fibers. In nontolerant hosts allografts are rejected between the 10th and 12th days. In mice treated with cyclosporin A, this effect persists for some 12 days after the end of treatment. Isoenzyme marker studies indicate that the regenerated graft is composed of both host and donor tissue. Donor isoenzyme does not persist when grafts are rejected. PMID- 7013172 TI - Interactions of major and minor histocompatibility antigens in the graft-versus host reaction. AB - The greater severity of the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction induced by grafting C57BL/6(B6) lymphoid or bone marrow cells to irradiated (B6 x DBA/2)F1 recipients, as compared to that induced in H-2-identical (B6 x BALB/c)F1 recipients, has been shown to arise from a synergistic effect of H-2d and DBA/2 minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs), and not from a difference in the intensity of genetic resistance to B6 cell grafts exhibited by the two F1s. Furthermore, detection of such synergistic effects depends upon choice of an appropriate assay system; GVH splenomegaly results cannot be used to predict the outcome of a systemic GVH reaction. PMID- 7013171 TI - Evaluation of antithymocyte globulin for human bone marrow transplantation. III. Effect of antithymocyte globulin treatment on t cell precursors. AB - The effect of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment on T cell precursors was investigated in an in vitro model of E rosette induction by thymic factors. Approximately 8% of bone marrow mononuclear cells can be induced to form E rosettes following incubation with thymosin or with conditioned medium from cultured thymic epithelium (CM-CTE). Treatment of bone marrow mononuclear cells with ATG alone markedly reduced but did not eliminate precursors of E rosette forming cells (E-RFCs), whereas treatment with ATG and complement completely inhibited these bone marrow E-RFC precursors. E-RFCs already present in peripheral blood and bone marrow were completely inhibited by treatment with ATG alone. E-RFCs induced by treatment of bone marrow cells with thymosin or CM-CTE were also completely inhibited by ATG alone. These data indicate that bone marrow precursors of E-RFCs are less sensitive to ATG inhibition than are peripheral blood and bone marrow E-RFCs. When bone marrow precursor T cells are induced to become E-RFCs by the treatment with thymic factors, they acquire comparable sensitivity to ATG. A similar disparity in sensitivity to ATG treatment was observed when ATGs absorbed with human fetal liver cells or granulocytes were studied. These data suggest that ATG treatment of bone marrow cells may have different effects on mature and precursor T cells. It is important to consider these factors in attempts to use ATG treatment in clinical bone marrow transplantation trials. PMID- 7013174 TI - Major histocompatibility locus in the Arabian horse. AB - Combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) is a genetic disorder of T and B lymphocyte production which results in a nonfunctional immune system. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has been reported in humans and in horses of the Arabian breed. Arabian horses known to have the CID gene and horses of unknown carrier status were tested using a microlymphocytotoxicity technique. Computer chi 2 analysis distinguished six serologically defined specificities. The study of unrelated horses and a limited number of families showed that the specificities behave as codominant alleles segregating at one locus. No differences in antigen frequency was detected between the CID carriers and the random horse population. PMID- 7013175 TI - Failure of antimacrophage globulin to prolong mouse skin allografts. PMID- 7013176 TI - Rejection of sibling bone marrow expressing foreign HLA-A1 by a leukemia patient. Detection of prior sensitization by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 7013177 TI - Skin graft survival across RT1 and non-RT1 barriers in rats. PMID- 7013178 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and how to make them. PMID- 7013179 TI - Induction of allogeneic unresponsiveness by supralethal irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. PMID- 7013180 TI - Thoracic duct drainage in transplantation. PMID- 7013182 TI - Withdrawal of azathioprine after renal transplantation. PMID- 7013181 TI - HLA-DR matching and B-cell crossmatching in renal transplantation. PMID- 7013185 TI - Assessment of pancreatic graft function. PMID- 7013183 TI - Clinical trial of Bredinin in renal transplantation. PMID- 7013184 TI - Rejection of human pancreatic allografts. PMID- 7013186 TI - Allogeneic rejection or recurrence of autoimmunity as the cause of immune destruction of pancreatic grafts. PMID- 7013189 TI - Segmental pancreatic transplantation in the pig: comparative study of different techniques. PMID- 7013188 TI - Long-term survival of pancreatic isografts in rats. PMID- 7013187 TI - Special invited guest lecture: physiology and pharmacologic modifications of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7013190 TI - Systemic versus portal vein drainage of segmental pancreatic transplants in dogs. PMID- 7013191 TI - Effects of pancreatic intraductal injection of a radioisotope in dogs. PMID- 7013192 TI - Heterotopic grafting of pancreas to the neck in the rat--an experimental model. PMID- 7013195 TI - Studies on segmental pancreas autotransplants in dogs: technique and preservation. PMID- 7013194 TI - Long-term effect of heterotopic pancreas transplantation on plasma lipids in diabetic rats. PMID- 7013193 TI - Long-term results of transplantation of the duct-ligated pancreas in the rat. PMID- 7013197 TI - Fetal pancreatic transplantation--review of experimental data. PMID- 7013196 TI - The effect of ischemia on the duct-ligated pancreatic transplant in the rat. PMID- 7013198 TI - Attempts at transplantation of fetal pancreas to diabetic patients. PMID- 7013199 TI - Report of clinical cases of human fetal pancreas transplantation. PMID- 7013200 TI - Treatment of an insulin-dependent diabetic by homograft of fetal pancreas removed before the tenth week of pregnancy: one-year follow-up. PMID- 7013201 TI - Free intraperitoneal drainage of segmental pancreas grafts: clinical and experimental observations on technical aspects. PMID- 7013202 TI - Report of twelve clinical cases of segmental pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota. PMID- 7013203 TI - Pancreatic transplantation in man: surgical technique and complications. PMID- 7013204 TI - Clinical experience with 15 neoprene-injected pancreatic allotransplants. PMID- 7013205 TI - Technical observations in segmental pancreas allografting: observations on pancreatic blood flow. PMID- 7013206 TI - Pancreatic transplantation in man. PMID- 7013207 TI - Segmental pancreatic transplantation with special reference to the use of ileal exocrine diversion and to the hemodynamics of the graft. PMID- 7013208 TI - Experience with nine segmental pancreatic transplantations in preuremic diabetic patients in Stockholm. PMID- 7013210 TI - Ten-year experience with human pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 7013209 TI - Pancreatic duct obstruction with prolamine solution. PMID- 7013211 TI - Clinical cases of pancreatic organ allotransplantation. PMID- 7013212 TI - Comparison of techniques of human pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 7013213 TI - Clinical experience in transplantation of the duct-ligated pancreas segment. PMID- 7013214 TI - Duct drainage through a long polyethylene catheter in Roux-en-Y limb. PMID- 7013215 TI - Synchronous transplantation of a kidney and duct-obliterated segmental pancreas: report of a case. PMID- 7013216 TI - Post-marketing surveillance. PMID- 7013217 TI - Neurological syndromes management and prognosis in sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 7013219 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. PMID- 7013218 TI - [Treatment of whooping cough in newborn infants with chloramphenicol and sulfadiazine/trimethoprim]. PMID- 7013220 TI - Method for separation of cells and suspending medium at high pressure. AB - We describe a pressure chamber designed for measuring fluxes and equilibrium distributions of substances between cells in suspension and the extracellular medium at pressures up to 400 ATA. The pressure chamber contains a filtration apparatus capable of taking four separate samples of cell-free medium from a cell suspension at timed intervals, without necessity of decompression. In addition, a high pressure injection system makes possible the addition to a cell suspension of precise quantities of agents such as ionophores or metabolic inhibitors, for observations of their effects on cell functions at pressure. The chamber of filtration apparatus functioned successfully in preliminary experiments designed to measure the equilibrium distribution of 36Cl- in human erythrocytes at high pressure. PMID- 7013221 TI - [Morphology of healing of fresh autologous and homologous cancellous bone grafts in diaphyseal defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013222 TI - [Urinary fistulae after kidney allograft]. PMID- 7013223 TI - [Acute pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7013224 TI - [X-ray contrast study of the vena cava inferior and its branches in urologic diseases]. PMID- 7013225 TI - [New books on urology and nephrology]. PMID- 7013226 TI - [Autosensitization of chronic kidney failure patients before a kidney allograft]. PMID- 7013228 TI - Prevention of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis by low-dose heparin in open prostatectomy. AB - A double-blind trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of low-dose heparin in preventing deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) after open prostatectomy... The diagnosis of DVT was established by the 125I-fibrinogen test. The incidence of DVT was 39.4% in the control group (33 patients) and 9.7% in the heparin group (31 patients) (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that low-dose heparin effectively prevents DVT after open prostatectomy PMID- 7013229 TI - [Urinary tract infections - bacteriology and pathogenic factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013227 TI - Urolithiasis after kidney transplantation--clinical and mineralogical aspects. AB - Urolithiasis is a rare complication following kidney transplantation. Experience with this complication in 6 of 426 transplantations performed from 1968 to 1979 is reviewed. The clinical symptoms are different from the disease in non transplant patients. Three major predisposing causes for the development of calculi after kidney transplantation were found in our patients--urodynamic disorders following complications of the ureterovesical anastomosis, persistent bacteriuria and renal tubular acidosis and, less importantly, the presence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria as a result of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Crystal-optical and x-ray-diffraction studies contributed to the interpretation of the constituents and texture of the calculi and of the aetiological factors concerned. PMID- 7013230 TI - [Diagnosis and current antibiotic therapy of urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - The problems caused by urinary tract infections confront the urologist with multiple specific tasks and call for cooperation with other specialists. In addition to basic and urological diagnostic acts recommendations are made for succeeding in diagnosis by means of bacteriology and nephrology. Considering the clinical degrees of urinary tract infections and the associated spectrum of causative bacterial agents the principles of current antibiotic treatment are presented PMID- 7013231 TI - [Pyelonephritis. Definition, etiology, diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The term "urinary tract infection" covers a variety of different diseases including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethral syndrome and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Each of these terms is defined and etiology, diagnostic procedures as well as modern therapy are discussed in detail. PMID- 7013232 TI - [Infectious non-gonococcal urethritis in males (author's transl)]. AB - Infectious non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a sexually transmitted disease of considerable importance. The etiologic agents are bacteria, to lesser extent yeasts, parasites (Trichomonas) or viruses. A considerable part of NGU is caused by bacterial groups with peculiar properties: Mycoplasmas, which lack a rigid cell wall, and chlamydiae, which are intracellular parasites. Because of the diversity of etiologic agents and qualified microbiological diagnosis is a prerequisite for a specific and successful therapy. PMID- 7013233 TI - [Morphologic substrate in bacterial urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Bacterial urinary tract infections can lead to acute or chronic, nonspecific or specific lesions of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. The inflammatory process may be limited to the kidney and/or to segments of the urinary tract. The most important and frequent pathoanatomic alterations were defined; the microscopic findings were described and supplemented with selected macroscopic and pathogenetic aspects. Juvenile bacterial interstitial nephritis was differentiated from adult bacterial interstitial nephritis on the basis of age-dependent anatomic conditions. PMID- 7013234 TI - [Clinical analysis of the indication for lymphangiography in urological tumor patients (author's transl)]. AB - TNM classification of urological tumors was reviewed by the UICC in 1978 and should remain unchanged for ten years. Nevertheless the minimum requirements concerning the N-category may be discussed, especially since German urologist did not contribute to the draft of 1978. Lymphangiography should not be included in the minimum requirements to classify renal cell carcinomas, because therapy planning does not depend on regional lymph node metastases, and juxtaregional lymph nodes can not be visualized in general. In bladder- and prostatic carcinomas the staging operation should be included in the minimum requirements; metastases proven by histology should be marked within the TNM system. The minimum requirements should include computed tomography, ultrasound and lymphography. Biopsy, staging operation and lymphography should be considered in case of penile carcinoma. PMID- 7013235 TI - Automated flow cytometry to monitor intravesical BCG therapy of superficial bladder cancer. AB - The automated flow cytometry system (FCM) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center has been used to monitor the effect of intravesical BCG in the therapy of superficial bladder cancer. Analysis of saline bladder washings prior to therapy, weekly during the six weeks of therapy, and at follow-up examination in 2 patients, 1 responder and 1 nonresponder, provides the basis for some projections regarding the potential value of this technique. PMID- 7013236 TI - Estramustine phosphate (Emcyt) as treatment for metastatic renal carcinoma. AB - Sixteen patients completed an adequate trial of estramustine phosphate for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although no patient showed a complete or partial response, 9 (56 per cent) had stabilization of disease for a median of 44 weeks. Toxicity was not severe, but intolerance to the drug may limit its widespread use. PMID- 7013237 TI - [Cellular reaction of the crystalline epithelium to the instillation of insulin and vita-iodouroltriphosadenine]. PMID- 7013238 TI - [Elimination of blepharoptosis using silicon threads]. PMID- 7013239 TI - [Blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 7013240 TI - [Human poststimulation hearing adaptation based on computerized audiometry data]. PMID- 7013241 TI - [Course and treatment of otitis externa in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 7013242 TI - [Cellular immunity in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7013243 TI - [Surface antigens of oropharyngeal neoplasms (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7013245 TI - [Failures, errors and complications of puncture catheterization of the subclavian vein (a review of the literature]. PMID- 7013244 TI - [Complications during the submucosal resection of the nasal septum and immediately after the operation]. PMID- 7013246 TI - [Immediate results of deep suture of the common bile duct]. AB - The continuous suture of the common bile duct was used in 304 patients. It was used with the curative, curative-diagnostic and diagnostic purposes in mind. The indications for this suture were a complete removal of all stones from the bile ducts and a good passability of the distal portion of ductus choledochus. The authors analyze complications of the continuous suture of the common bile duct, such as "forgotten" stones in the ducts, incompetence of its sutures, peritonitis etc. Their causes are disclosed and the means of prevention are recommended. It is concluded that the continuous suture of the common bile duct is the most physiological method for the completion of choledochotomy with the corresponding indications. Peritonitis, pancreatitis and suppurative cholangitis are believed to be contraindications for using the continuous suture. PMID- 7013248 TI - [Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia as a variant of conduction anesthesia during surgery]. AB - A method of associated subarachnoid and peridural infusion of subblocking dose of local anesthetic and its solution of low concentration respectively is described. Results of such anesthesia in 210 patients are presented. The associated spino peridural anesthesia is shown to have advantages as compared with traditional methods of a one-time radicular block. PMID- 7013247 TI - [Clinical and experimental basis for a side-to-side anastomosis on the small intestine in children]. AB - Resection of the intestine for different diseases was made in 136 children of the first month of life (side-to-side anastomosis was fulfilled in 88 of them). Of 250 children aged from 1 month to 14 years side-to-side anastomoses were created in 22. The analysis of the course of the postoperative period, remote results of the treatment and experimental data method enabled the authors to conclude that complications associated directly with side-to-side anastomosis result from errors in the technique of its creation. PMID- 7013249 TI - [New method of dissection of hemorrhoids]. AB - The technique of a new method of dissection of hemorrhoids is described. The nearest and remote results of the treatment of patients operated for hemorrhoids by the new method (82 patients) are compared with the results of the ligature method used in 212 patients. After hemorrhoidectomy by the new method good results were noted in 73.7% of cases, satisfactory results - in 21,0% and recidivations were observed in 5,3% of cases. The results of the comparison show the advantages of the new method of dissection of hemorrhoids. PMID- 7013250 TI - A technique of canine castration using anatomic structures for hemostasis. PMID- 7013251 TI - [Tantalum dust as a contrast substance for laryngography and bronchography (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7013252 TI - Gastric marker proteins. Purification and immunohistological demonstration of the chief cell esterase. AB - An immunogenic acid stable esterase of gastric origin was purified from normal gastric juice. Specific antibodies were obtained by solid immunoadsorbents and were used for indirect immunoenzyme histology on gastric resection specimens. This esterase proved to be a cell specific marker for gastric chief cells. Different patterns of chief cell alterations in gastritis and cancer were observed. PMID- 7013253 TI - Renin localization in segmental renal hypoplasia. Immunohistochemical demonstration in two cases. AB - The distribution of renin in two cases of segmental renal hypoplasia was investigated by immunofluorescence and the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method using an anti-human renin antiserum. Renin-containing cells were found only in hypoplasic segments in the vicinity of altered glomeruli and small arteries. Well-preserved renal cortex and areas of chronic atrophic pyelonephritis failed to show any demonstrable site of renin production. Whatever is the mechanism of the disease, the characterization of large numbers of renin containing cells in the affected kidney support a role for the renin-angiotensin system stimulation in this form of hypertension. PMID- 7013254 TI - Stromal myofibroblasts in primary invasive and metastatic carcinomas. A combined immunological, light and electron microscopic study. AB - A series of 23 primary invasive and 7 metastatic carcinomas was examined by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence (IF), the latter employing an anti-actin antibody. The results were correlated with macroscopic features such as retraction and consistency. Stromal cells rich in actin, readily identified by IF in firm and retracted carcinomas, were rare or absent in neoplasms lacking these features. TEM established the myofibroblastic nature of these stromal cells. Alternate sections (LM, IF) of each neoplasm demonstrated that myofibroblasts were more numerous in "young" mesenchymal stroma than in densely sclerotic areas. The connective tissue adjacent to intraductal mammary carcinoma lacked myofibroblasts, suggesting that epithelial stromal invasion is required to evoke a myofibroblastic stromal response. Myofibroblasts which possess synthetic (type III collagen) and contractile properties may well contribute to the firm consistency and retraction which characterize many carcinomas. The induction of myofibroblasts might represent an important host stromal response directed toward containment of invasive and/or metastatic carcinoma. This response may be especially important in neoplasms with weak antigenicity and/or slow doubling times. PMID- 7013256 TI - [Organization of medic epidemic control measures among the troops of the Siberian Military District during the war years]. PMID- 7013255 TI - Hepatocyte localization of hepatitis B core and surface antigens in renal transplant recipients. An ultrastructural prospective study. AB - A prospective series of 45 liver biopsies taken from 22 renal transplant patients was investigated for the presence of hepatitis B antigen core (HBc) and surface (HBs) components by electron microscopy. At the time of each biopsy serum HBs Ag was sought by radioimmunoassay. Sections were taken for the detection of HBs Ag by immunofluorescence. In seropositive patients, intravesicular tubular structures resembling HBs Ag were found in 61% of biopsies while the intranuclear core HBc was present in 69%. No correlation could be made between the ultrastructural pattern of the viral components and the intensity of the histological liver damage. During the follow up, there was an accumulation of both HBs and HBc Ag even in a period as short as 1 year. The 9 liver specimens examined after three years of transplantation showed a marked accumulation of both antigens. Thus the expression of HB Ag at the hepatocellular level seems to correlate better with the duration of antigenaemia than with the histological pattern. Lastly, on matched semithin and ultrathin sections, the ground glass appearance of cytoplasm appeared to correlate with smooth endoplasmic reticulum distorsion, irrespective of the simultaneous presence or absence of intravesicular tubular structures. The sanded nuclei expressed a rare massive accumulation of core antigen. PMID- 7013257 TI - [Osteoplastic operations for mandibular defects]. PMID- 7013258 TI - [Evacuation of the wounded and sick by railroad in World War II]. PMID- 7013259 TI - [Natural and preformed physical factors in the medical activity of Abu Ali Ibn Sina (on the millenium of his birth)]. PMID- 7013260 TI - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) on physical exercises and massage]. PMID- 7013261 TI - [Assessment of the prognostic value of clinico-morphologic factors in breast cancer using a computer]. AB - Under study was the possibility to prognostigate the late results of radical treatment of breast cancer patients based on the analysis of a sum of clinico morphological findings, obtained by a routine clinical examination of patients. The analysis of various combinations of the factors made on an electronic computer has evidenced that the presence or absence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is of decisive importance for prognosticating. Other factors being taken into account do not contribute essentially to the precise prognosis. Poor prognosis is made for cases with multiple regional metastases, favourable--in patients without metastases, uncertain--in patient with single metastases. PMID- 7013262 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of poly- and monochemotherapy in the combination therapy of malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7013263 TI - [Current status of nonrheumatic myocarditis]. PMID- 7013265 TI - [A. I. Nesterov's contribution to the theory of microcirculation (on the 85th birthday of A. I. Nesterov)]. PMID- 7013264 TI - [Viruses and collagenoses]. PMID- 7013266 TI - [Histamine in nutritional products]. PMID- 7013269 TI - [Structural and metabolic changes in the blood vessels of allotransplants of endocrine organs]. PMID- 7013270 TI - [Complications of reflexotherapy (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7013267 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of a high-protein diet in combination with hormone and drug preparations on immunological homeostasis indices in rheumatism patients with a low degree of activity of the disease process]. AB - High protein diet coupled with drugs was used for the treatment of patients with protracted and latent recurrent rheumocarditis. The mean daily doses of the drugs administered were as follows: 2 g of aspirin and 15 mg of prednisolone. With clinical improvement most patients showed a decrease in the amount of blast transformed lymphocytes in stained smears of the cultures of peripheral leukocytes incubated in the presence of cardial antigen, collagen and group C streptococcal nucleoprotein. They also manifested the diminished ability on in vitro sensitized lymphocytes to produce the leukocyte migration inhibition factor. PMID- 7013268 TI - Modification of the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test. AB - This study reports two modifications of the Platelet Suspension Immunofluorescence Test which make it more convenient to use for the rapid identification of platelet-specific antibodies and for screening individuals if platelet donors of a particular type are urgently required. Platelets frozen both before and after paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation were compared with fresh PFA fixed platelets using anti-PLA1 and anti-HLA antisera. Further, a comparison was made between the results of the test when performed in tissue culture trays or in tubes as originally described. Platelets, prefixed with PFA and then frozen appeared similar in all respects to fresh PFA-fixed platelets with no loss of antigenicity and no non-specific fluorescence. Although platelets fixed after frozen storage were also satisfactory, they were less convenient to use and lost some brilliance in staining. When the test was performed in tissue culture trays, there was no loss in sensitivity, and the volume of antiserum used was halved. However, the main advantage was the efficiency and ease with which the test could be performed, especially when handling large numbers of samples. PMID- 7013271 TI - [Dynamics of hyperkinesis and muscle tonus disorders following stereotaxic surgery in relation to the etiology of the disease and time of occurrence of brain damage]. PMID- 7013272 TI - [State of the endocrine glands in hypodynamia (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7013273 TI - [Therapeutic effect of strophanthin and corglycon in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7013274 TI - [Rapid methods in evaluating the degree of bacteriuria]. PMID- 7013275 TI - [Use of the radial hemolysis method for determining influenza virus antibodies in human sera]. AB - Radial hemolysis was used for detection of influenza virus antibody in sera from children and adults in various epidemic outbreaks of 1977-1979. RH is highly sensitive, and the presence of inhibitors does not affect the titration results. The results of RH correlate well with those of the HI and CF tests. The 7S immunoglobulins were active in RH, 19S produced no hemolysis zone. In sera from children under 3 years no correlation between antibody titers by H1 and RH tests was observed in the acute period of the disease but it appeared within 2-3 weeks. PMID- 7013277 TI - [Various problems of diagnosis and treatment of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7013278 TI - [Causal therapeutic management of aplastic anaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Aplastic anaemia is characterized by hypoplasia of haemopoietic tissue. The aetiology of aplastic anaemia is multifactorial, the majority of cases being termed "idiopathic" because of lack of discernible noxious agents. Treatment can include stimulation of haemopoietic stem cells or replacement of stem cells by bone marrow transplantation. Some cases show autoimmune-mediated marrow failure and these patients may respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Pathophysiological subclassification of individual cases is necessary to ensure the correct choice of therapy offering the best chance of success, at minimum risk, from amongst a multitude of therapeutic procedures. PMID- 7013279 TI - [Bee venom allergy (a model of an IgE-mediated immediate-type allergy)]. PMID- 7013280 TI - [Billroth's 1st pylorus resection, his publications of this in the "Wiener Medizinischen Wochenschrift" and a glance back to his time]. PMID- 7013282 TI - State Medical Society of Wisconsin 1980-1981 Membership Directory as of December 31, 1980. PMID- 7013283 TI - Development of a mental health administration curriculum. PMID- 7013281 TI - [The diagnostic significance of the indirect hemagglutination test for the surveillance of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to clarify the relevance of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) for the surveillance of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy 2417 sera of pregnant women were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in this test and in the fluorescent-antibody test (FAT). In addition 1319 of these sera were tested in the Sabin-Feldman test (SFT) adn 681 samples also in the complement fixation test (CFT). Significant correlations were found between the results obtained in the IHAT on one hand and in the FAT and SFT on the other hand: 95% of the sera which were negative in the FAT or SFT did not react in the IHAT as well, while most (but not all!) sera which were positive in the FAT or SFT gave positive results in the IHAT also. No correlations could, however, be found between titres obtained in the IHAT on one hand and in the CFT on the other hand. The suggestion recently published by several authors that it might be possible to decide from one single serum sample only whether or not a fresh infection had occurred by correlating FAT- (SFT-) and CFT-titres with IHAT-titres could not be confirmed. For a definite interpretation of serological results with respect to the risk of an infection of the fetus with Toxoplasma gondii it will still be necessary to test a second serum sample. As a screening method for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii -- without determination of the duration of infection - the indirect hemagglutination test appears to be, however, a highly effective and economic method. PMID- 7013276 TI - Disorders of platelet function: mechanisms, diagnosis and management. AB - Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, and alterations in platelet function may be the cause of abnormal bleeding in a wide variety of congenital and acquired clinical disorders. Platelet dysfunction may be classified as disorders of (1) substrate connective tissue, (2) adhesion, (3) aggregation and (4) platelet-release reaction. The congenital defects of platelet function, although uncommon, have provided important insights into platelet physiology and pathophysiology and, as a group, are less common, better characterized and more readily classified than the acquired defects. The severity of bleeding resulting from platelet dysfunction varies greatly and is substantially increased when another defect of hemostasis coexists. A disorder of platelet function is suspected on the basis of the history and physical examination and is confirmed by the finding of a prolonged bleeding time in the presence of an adequate number of platelets. A specific diagnosis often requires measurements of the factor VIII and von Willebrand factor complex and other tests of platelet function. Some of these tests may be available only in specialized laboratories. Therapy for bleeding episodes resulting from platelet dysfunction is directed at (1) removing or treating the underlying cause of the platelet disorder; (2) replacing the missing plasma cofactors needed to support normal platelet function (such as by the transfusion of cryoprecipitate in patients with von Willebrand disease, and (3) transfusing functional platelets in the form of platelet concentrates in patients with disorders of intrinsic platelet dysfunction. PMID- 7013285 TI - [Cell electrophoretical characterization of the surface of Candida guilliermondii]. AB - The electrical properties of the outer layer of the cell wall of a hydrocarbon grown yeast C. guilliermondii were studied in detail by cell electrophoresis. Some experiments were also made with the yeast S. cerevisiae. The mobilities of the yeasts were measured as a function of pH at pH 2-11.5 and constant ionic strength I = 0.02 mol/l. For identification of surface groups the pH-mobility curves are used to calculate pK-values. The results indicate the presence of amino and carboxyl groups on the surface of C. guilliermondii. These groups are probably a part of a glyco-protein with an isoelectric point at pH 3.3 located on the surface. Electrophoresis of droplets of mineral oil coated with adsorbed protein layer confirms these conclusions. The importance of this glycoprotein in hydrocarbon uptake is discussed. PMID- 7013284 TI - Initiation and promotion in cancer formation: the importance of studies on intercellular communication. AB - Three major theories of cancer--somatic mutation, virus causation, and faulty differentiation--are proposed to involve alterations in DNA structure. Each results finally in terms of failures in the normal intercellular communication that involves feedback between differentiated cells acting on less differentiated cells still capable of proliferation. The historical background of the latter idea is traced to Osgood, Weiss and Kavanau, and to Iversen. The historical background of concepts of initiation and promotion are traced to Berenblum and Mottram and the Boutwell concept of promotion as gene activation is cited. It is proposed that gene activation by promoters is a valid concept and that it results from the blocking of the normal intercellular communication postulated by Osgood and others. The problem of explaining the low probability of cancer following initiators or promoters acting alone is cited as a problem in basic science. A hypothesis to solve the problem is proposed: Cancer results from two of more relevant mutations: promoters enhance proliferation of cells with one relevant mutation, thereby increasing the probability of obtaining a cell with two relevant mutations. A new scheme of five stages of hepatocarcinogenesis is proposed in terms of the hypothesis and available data. PMID- 7013286 TI - [Fertility mutants of the turimycin-producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus IMET JA 6599]. AB - In a continuing search for fertility mutants of the turimycin-producer, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, strain IMET JA 6599, from more than 683 pairs of auxotrophic mutants 19 pairs were found to develop colonies after replica plating on selective media. The frequency of recombinant production in mixed cultures on complex medium varies from 10(-6) to 10(-2) in different combinations of S. hygroscopicus mutants. Typical frequencies representing the proportion of recombinant colonies (from spores and/or fragments of substrate mycelium) and a visual indication of the different fertility levels using the familial fertility test method are given in Tables and Figures. Additionally, reversion rates of markers and different types of colonies of fertility mutants used in some S. hygroscopicus crosses will be shown. PMID- 7013287 TI - Effects of chloramphenicol on the thermal profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Chloramphenicol decreased the maximum temperature for growth of a petite mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shifted the ARRHENIUS plot of thermal death to lower temperatures and shortened correspondingly, the ARRHENIUS plot of growth, while an associative thermal profile was maintained. At saturating concentrations (about 5 mg per ml) of chloramphenicol in liquid mineral medium with vitamins and glucose the final maximum temperature for growth was depressed from about 40 degrees C to about 37 degrees C. The results suggested that chloramphenicol acted in the mutant on targets other than mitochondrial ribosomes and that these targets are identical or associated with the death and Tmax sites of the yeast. PMID- 7013288 TI - A direct selection method for isolating antimutators of Escherichia coli. AB - A screening procedure based on the formation of lactose-fermenting papillae on lactose-non-fermenting bacterial colonies has been described. Due to supplementation of 50 micrograms/ml 2-amino-purine in EMB plates the frequency of papillae rose to an average number of 28 papillae per colony. Of 150,000 mutagenized colonies inspected 16 colonies were detected with drastically reduced or no papillae per colony. PMID- 7013289 TI - [The indirect immunofluorescence method for the detection of Candida antibodies]. PMID- 7013291 TI - [The world is free of pox - Implementation and success of a grandiose program]. AB - At the beginning of this century the compulsory vaccination and revaccination which was legally founded after the introduction of the vaccination by Jenner (1796) led to the removal of the smallpox in Europe and Northern America. However, up to the sixties in the developing countries of Asia, Africa as well as of Southern America and Middle America still fell ill and died of small-pox millions of people. Between 1953 and 1973 importations into countries of Europe and Northern America took place in 51 cases. In 1959 on the motion of the USSR the WHO decided performance of a world-wide eradication programme of small-pox which could be led to success with comprehensive personal, material and financial support of many countries. Flanking scientific, technological and methodical measures were of essential importance. In May 1980 the World Health Assembly in Geneva announced in solemn form the world-wide eradication of the small-pox and gave recommendations to the member countries for concluding measures concerning the small-pox vaccination, the foundation of vaccine reserves and the control of the epidemiological situation in the world. Also in the GDR the small-pox vaccination in childhood could be abolished. PMID- 7013292 TI - [Use of an artificial B-cell in clinic and experimental medicine]. AB - Long-term hyperglycaemia in diabetics favours the development of diabetic microangiopathy. The clinical research, therefore, aims to find new opportunities to obtain normoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics mainly by following three patts: -transplantation of pancreatic tissue or isolated islets of Langerhans - implantation of so-called hybrid pancreas and -construction of an artificial B cell. This paper gives a review of the development, principle of function and clinical application of the glucose controlled insulin infusion system (closed loop system) and of the so-called open loop system without feedback to the glucose values. Results of our own investigations with GCIIS "Biostator", the development of an algorithm of our for the correlation between glucose and insulin behaviour and the first results with the insulin therapy with micropumps (open loop system) were demonstrated and discussed critically. PMID- 7013293 TI - [The prognosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - The prognosis of juvenile-dependent diabetics is characterized by an overmortality of 600 per cent. The quality of life is reduced, too, since about 15 per cent of the patients with a diabetes onset before the age of 31 will become blind, 10-15 per cent will become amputated on calf or thigh and 20-30 per cent will develop uraemia. A highly significant increased survival was seen in patients, who were controlled 4 to 5 times a year at the diabetic out-patient clinic. Death from ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia, and suicide was significantly higher in the group not referred for out-patient control, and death by uraemia occurred earlier in this group. Juvenile diabetics with long-standing diabetes and persisting and endogenic insulin secretion had significantly less severe retinopathy and nephropathy than comparable patients without endogenous insulin secretion, and survival of juvenile diabetics with clinical indications of persisting endogenous insulin secretion seems not to be different from non diabetics. It is concluded that more should be done to motivate patients for self care and to preserve remaining insulin producing cells in insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7013290 TI - [Observations on polymyalgia rheumatica]. AB - The polyalgia rheumatica, which appears in one part of the patients together with a giant cell arteritis of the region of shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle. Also intensive temporal artery, is manifest with severe pains of their headache may be dominant in the disease. Observations on 14 own patients who belong to this picture of the disease confirm the initially existing and under glucocorticoids rapidly reversible severe general humoral reactions. Up to now the incompletely tested immunological phenomena are not specific for the polyalgia rheumatica and must be supplemented by further examinations. PMID- 7013294 TI - [Clinical use of insulin infusions using the open-loop system]. AB - Portable insulin infusion pumps with simple or complex systems for controlling the insulin dose profile have provided new ways of treating diabetes. This paper described 2 1/2 years of experience with these so-called PMID- 7013295 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors with the leukocyte adherence inhibition test]. PMID- 7013298 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors with the leukocyte adherence inhibition test]. PMID- 7013296 TI - [Cholinergic regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in healthy people and in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes]. AB - In 10 healthy subjects and in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent, well controlled diabetes the following three tests were carried out in each persons: 1. the intravenous infusion of 25 g of L-arginine over 30 min, 2. the intravenous infusion of L-arginine plus prostigmin (0.01 mg per kg body weight), and 3. the intravenous infusion of L-arginine plus atropine (0.01 mg per kg body weight). Venous blood glucose, plasma insulin (IRI) and plasma glucagon (IRG) were determined on fasting and throughout the tests. The cholinergic stimulation increased, and the cholinergic blockade decreased the insulin and glucagon secretion during intravenous L-arginine infusion, both in healthy subjects and in diabetics, these effects being less marked (not significantly) in the latter group of test persons. On the other hand, neither prostigmin, nor atropine modified the behavior of blood glucose in comparison to the course of glycaemia observed during the infusion of L-arginine alone. These observations are an evidence of an integrative effect of the cholinergic system on the function of A- and B-cells of the pancreatic islets, which may be of importance for the proper utilization of food substrates. PMID- 7013297 TI - [Causes of insulin secretion disorders in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Comparison of in vivo results with examinations of isolated islet cells]. AB - Non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDD) used in our experiments do not or in a small extend only respond to glucose; but glucagon and tolbutamide loads result in an increased insulin secretion. In contrast, pancreatic islets isolated from biopsies of the pancreas do not show any differences in insulin secretion, biosynthesis and content between NIDD and control groups. Some reasons of these differences between in vivo and in vitro results are discussed. PMID- 7013299 TI - [The artificial heart - wishful thinking or alternative?]. AB - The development of the highly specialised cardiological diagnostics furthered the morphological and functional analysis of the congenital and acquired heart diseases. Parallel to this the therapeutic repertoire of the cardiosurgery increased. Successful animal-experimental investigations with artificial hearts and survival times up to several months allow as a justified aim the imagination that the artificial heart by all means may be an alternative to the heart transplantation also in man. This high aim demands further intensive work concerning the optimum form of artificial hearts, better qualities of the material, miniaturised units of motion and regulation with a possibly implantable or at least easily portable source of energy. PMID- 7013300 TI - [Clinically significant histologic, histochemical and morphometric parameters in the evaluation of muscle biopsies]. AB - Many of the diagnostic advances in the field of myopathies have been achieved by the examination of samples of muscle removed by biopsy. A muscle selected for biopsy must be obtained atraumatically with the fibres orientated longitudinally. Artefacts are avoided by freezing the sample in liquid nitrogen. The typing of muscle fibres by using the ATPase and dehydrogenase reactions is of advantage to the interpretation of muscle diseases. An accurate method for the determination of changes in the size of muscle fibres is a must. The construction of histograms, standard values for mean fibre diameters, the estimation of the proportion of various types of fibres, variability coefficient, atrophy and hypertrophy factors are a help. A few studies have been performed concerning the effect of a physical therapy on the composition of the fibres of skeletal muscles. A more differentiated physiotherapeutic treatment based on the histochemical and morphometrical results of the muscle biopsy is essential for the therapy of the myopathies. PMID- 7013301 TI - [Endocrinological aspects of long-term lithium therapy]. AB - Investigations were carried out on two groups of patients suffering from cyclophrenia, atypical psychosis and schizophrenia. Both groups as well as a control group consisted of 30 persons each. The first of the psychiatric groups was treated with lithium carbonate and neuroleptics during a period of time ranging from 6 months to 8 years. The second psychiatric group was treated only with neuroleptics. The following parameters were being specified: The level of cortisol, insulin, somatotropin (GH) and lithium in the blood serum and also the glucose level in blood. Furthermore, the influence of lithium carbonate upon cortisol secretion and GH after insulin stimulation was also examined. The results of our work prove that the long-lasting treatment with lithium, when proper doses are carefully chosen, does not cause any significant changes of all the examined parameters. PMID- 7013302 TI - [Commemoration days 1980 from the history of the Witenberg Medical School (I): Chemistry in the medical education program of the 17th and 18th centuries]. AB - Actual anniversaries with the 350th return of the birthday of Johann Kunckel and the 300th birthday of Johann Theodor Neukrantz give rise to recall the early history of the Wittenberg Collegium chymicum and to analyse its value in the medical education. At the university of Wittenberg this tutorial which is significant for the progress of medicine and which has been quickly acknowledged as highly important by other universities has been neglected by the state in most cases. But the more remarkable are the individual achievements of a number of specialists engaged in chemistry, whose practices in teaching and research are described in this paper. PMID- 7013303 TI - [Effect of metoclopramide on complaints of reflux disease]. AB - By sequence analysis was proved that metoclopramide (cerucal, 3 x 10 mg p.o.) in comparison to placebo removes or relieves typical complaints of the reflux disease. Still one week after the end off the treatment with metoclopramide the gastrooesophageal reflux under fasting conditions was significantly decreased compared with the beginning of the treatment, whereas the reflux stimulated under pentagastrin did not show a remaining influence. PMID- 7013304 TI - [Roentgenologic contribution to emphysematous cystitis]. PMID- 7013308 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 18 via hydramnion detected by echosonography (author's transl)]. AB - Amniocentesis was prompted by an hydramnion which existed before the 30th week of pregnancy. Examination of amniotic fluid revealed trisomy 18 with increased alpha fetoprotein values. Interruption of pregnancy was considered but refused by the patient. This enabled control fetal development during the subsequent weeks. After the patient has given birth to a dead female fetus in the 18th of pregnancy, pathological examination of the foetus confirmed the existence of trisomy 18. PMID- 7013306 TI - [Diagnostic transesophageal atrial stimulation for sinus node function testing. II. Results in patients with and without sinus node syndrome]. AB - By means of transoesophageal atrial stimulation of higher frequency in patients with sinus node syndromes (n = 78) in about 60% of the cases a prolonged sinus node recovery time could be proved. After the end of the stimulation secondary stops appeared in about half of the patients, so that in 81% of the cases at least one pathological result was established. By means of premature individual transoesophageal stimulation (n = 99) in 2/3 of the patients with sinus node syndrome we contrived to perform a calculation of the sinuatrial conduction time. Half of all calculable values were above the normal. In 1/3 of the examined persons pathological stimulation patterns were found. Altogether 90% of the patients showed at least one pathological result, when apart from prolonged sinus node recovery times and sinuatrial conduction times at the same time secondary stops after serial stimulation with higher frequency and abnormal behaviour patterns of the post-extrasystolic stops after individual stimulation were taken into consideration. In patients with different cardiovascular diseases without clinical or electrocardiographic reference to a sinus node dysfunction in 25% of the cases at least one pathological result was found, in which case cannot be clarified, whether latent functional sinus node disturbances or falsely positive results are in question or not. Altogether the non-invasive transoesophageal stimulation technique leads to on principle diagnostic evidences of the same value as the up to now usual stimulation of the right atrium. Methodical problems which arise from the stimulation of the righ atrium in transoesophageal approach are to be taken into consideration in the interpretation of the results. PMID- 7013307 TI - [Sugar free diet: a new perspective in the treatment of Crohn disease? Randomized, control study]. AB - Since several studies have shown that patients with Crohn's disease have an increased consumption of refined carbohydrates, the influence of a diet excluding refined sugar on the course of the disease was examined. In a randomised control trial, 20 patients (10 patients in each group) with Crohn's disease were treated for an average of 18 months with two different diets. The patients used in the study had a low or middle activity of the disease. Drug treatment was omitted 14 days before commencement of the study. The first group was treated with a low carbohydrate diet (refined sugar excluded), the second group received a high carbohydrate diet (refined sugar-rich). In patients with higher activities of the disease (activity index 100-200 points), the diet which restricted refined sugar was superior to the sugar-rich diet; in 4 out of 5 patients the disease activity decreased and remained so throughout the study-period. In contrast to this 4 patients treated with the sugar-rich diet had to be taken off the treatment because of increasing activities of the disease. In patients with quiescent disease (activity index less than 100 points), neither of the diets showed detrimental effects. The statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory dates noted during the study period resulted in no significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 7013305 TI - [The significance of insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7013309 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita? Cicatricial pemphigoid?]. PMID- 7013310 TI - [Double-blind randomized clinical study on treatment of warts with a fluorouracil containing topical preparation (author's transl)]. AB - In a double blind trial 60 patients were treated with a salicylic acid-containing product against warts (Verrumal) on basis fluorouracil in comparison to placebo. The trial demonstrated a statistically significantly better result for the verum preparation than for the placebo without fluorouracil and without salicylic acid. This product against warts is, therefore, indicated if operative methods are not applicable or refused by the patient. PMID- 7013311 TI - [Bullous eruptions due to Nalidixic acid (author's transl)]. AB - Report of bullous eruptions due to Nalidixic acid (Nogram), an urinary chemotherapeutic agent. The typical proceeding of the disease is pointed out, photosensitive and phototoxical features are discussed. PMID- 7013312 TI - [Etiology and diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis (author's transl)]. AB - This is the report of three cases of necrotizing fasciitis, an acute and progressive disease involving the connective tissue, which may appear after infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A (S. pyogenes). Painless ulcerations and necrosis along the fascial tissue are pathognomonic. Treatment consists in immediate and wide incisions to terminate the toxic effects due to the cell wall constituents of the streptococci together with an adequate chemotherapy. The laboratory diagnosis and the pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7013313 TI - [The reversed dermal flap or defects of skull skin (author's transl)]. AB - The reversed free dermal graft is useful for covering large defects reaching down to the pericranium. It combines the advantages of free grafting with the capacity of pedicled flaps. PMID- 7013314 TI - [Prof. Dr. Lajos Szodoray (1904-1980)]. PMID- 7013315 TI - [Periodicity and rhythm in view of "functional relaxation"]. AB - Starting from psychopathological and psychosomatic research, differences as well as interplay in periodicity and rhythm are worked out. While analytical psychotherapy deals with periodic-phasic disturbances, "functional relaxation" does so with rhythmical ones. Both processes in their dovetailing are made plain through case histories, in which periodic-phasic disturbances may also lead to rhythmical ones and vice versa. Treatment of bodily manifest disturbances of rhythm by "functional relaxation" cures or prevents periodically recurrent illness not only individually but does so with following generations too. PMID- 7013316 TI - A comparison of the IFA and the ELISA for the demonstration of antibodies against schistosome gut-associated polysaccharide antigens in schistosomiasis. AB - The applicability of two immunodiagnostic techniques was studied for the detection of antibodies against schistosome gut-associated polysaccharide antigens in human schistosomiasis mansoni: the immunofluorescent antibody reaction (IFA) using Rossman's fixed paraffin sections of adult worms and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction of total adult worm antigens (AWA-TCA). With the IFA, gut-associated polysaccharide antigens could be demonstrated with an anti-IgM conjugate in a high percentage of the sera tested, although false-negative reactions were occasionally recorded. The use of an anti-IgG conjugate resulted in the demonstration of antibodies against additional antigens in the parenchyma of the worm and on the tegument. Specific IgM antibodies were present in higher concentrations in the sera from children than in those from adults. Using AWA-TCA as the antigen preparation in the ELISA, only antibodies against the circulating anodic antigen (CAA) could be demonstrated. Pretreatment of the ELISA-plates with poly-L-lysine to couple AWA-TCA was not necessary. The ELISA was successfully applied with anti-Ig, anti IgG, and anti-IgM conjugates. With anti-Ig conjugate the test was very sensitive and gave less false-negative reactions than the IFA. There was a significant difference between Ig, IgG, and IgM titres of children and adults. The use of an immunogalactosidase assay with a fluorogenic substrate in the ELISA, resulted in a test which was able to detect antibodies at ten times higher dilutions than with the immunoperoxidase assay. PMID- 7013317 TI - [Primary transpositions of fingers, results (author's transl)]. AB - 12 cases of finger transposition during replantation using microvascular techniques are reported, all of which were performed in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen (Head of Department: Prof. Dr. med. Ursula Schmidt-Tintemann). In multiple injuries of the hand, it is sometimes necessary to reconstruct fingers depending on their functional importance, when it is not possible to make a precise anatomical reconstruction owing to the destruction of the various amputated parts. The functional results following finger transposition are comparable to the results following 500 finger replantations in our hospital. PMID- 7013318 TI - [Clinical trials of sleep medications]. PMID- 7013319 TI - [Systems analysis of human motor reactions with different conditions for performing purposeful behavioral acts]. PMID- 7013320 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action]. PMID- 7013321 TI - [Kidneys as an effector in the regulation of blood clotting]. PMID- 7013323 TI - [Chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the maintenance of complete remission of acute myelocytic leukemia: a single-center controlled clinical study in the planning]. PMID- 7013322 TI - [Myocardial energy metabolism in acute ischemia and its pharmacologic correction]. PMID- 7013324 TI - [Practical limitations of a controlled multicenter therapeutic study with the example of advanced inoperable prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7013325 TI - [Surgical and internal medicine therapy study of the postoperative prevention of recurrence in Crohn's disease - completion of a partly randomized study]. PMID- 7013326 TI - [Prevention of sequelae after myocardial infarct. Results, methods and problems of a prospective multi-center study of the effect of acetylsalicylic acid, phenprocoumon and placebo]. PMID- 7013327 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7013328 TI - [Neuroendocrinological aspects of endorphins]. PMID- 7013330 TI - [Pathology in Bremen]. PMID- 7013329 TI - [Paraneoplastic dermatoses]. PMID- 7013331 TI - The mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 7013333 TI - [The granulomatous reactions in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013334 TI - Granulomas in sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease. PMID- 7013332 TI - [Granulomas caused by intracellular parasites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013335 TI - [Chemokinesis, chemotaxis and functions of phagocytes, with special reference to macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013336 TI - [Structure and biochemistry of microbial components related to granuloma formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013338 TI - [Specific granulomatous inflammations of the female genital tract in pathological view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013337 TI - [Specific granulomas and foreign body reaction in the female genital tract, seen by a gynecologist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013339 TI - [Intrauterine devices: reactions of the endometrium and alteration of the devices after varying time of exposure in situ (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013340 TI - [The functional unity of the complement system and mononuclear phagocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013341 TI - [Epithelioid-cell reactions of lymphatic tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013342 TI - [Alopecia areata studied by fluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopy methods]. PMID- 7013343 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in skin diseases]. PMID- 7013344 TI - [Some experience with the enzymatic digestion of liver tissue by means of subtilisin Carlsberg (author's transl)]. AB - According to the literature, the use of Subtilisin Carlsberg for the enzymatic digestion of tissue is supposed to yield significantly higher findings of barbiturates, alkaline substances, and benzodiazepins than traditional methods. In the case of 11 liver specimens, however, a comparison with a modified acetone method (extraction by ultrasonics) did not lead to an improvement in the results, nor did it facilitate preparation of the specimens. PMID- 7013347 TI - [Important nuclear medicine research methods in vesico-uretero-renal reflux]. AB - The at present usual nuclear-medical methods in diagnostics and control of the course of the vesico-uretero-renal reflux are discussed. The semiquantitatively evaluated ING or the side-separated isotope clearance and the function scintigraphy are important parameters for therapeutic decisions in the basic diagnosis and the control of the course of the vesico-uretero-renal reflux. PMID- 7013346 TI - [Extracorporeal kidney surgery and calicovesicostomy in urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract]. AB - On the basis of 3 own cases it is reported on a new alternative treatment in otherwise inoperable cases in patients with urothelium tumours of the upper urinary tract. The histologically ascertained transitory cell carcinomas are treated by extracorporeal tumour resection and autotransplantation with calicovesicostomy. Main indications are malignant tumours of the renal pelvis and of the ureter in individual kidneys and in bilateral affection. PMID- 7013345 TI - [Stereotactic operations-complications and the legal position (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative complications like lethality and morbidity and are the decisive aspects in the controversy about the acceptance of stereotactic operations, especially in cases of deviant sexual behaviour. The mere fact that there is a favourable efficiency-risk quotient promotes the danger of an uncritical expansion to non-conformists and scientific outsiders, of an uncontrolled manipulation, and an imminent intrusion by extramedical controlling instances into the relations between physician and patient. Stereotactic operations do not fall under the castration law because of their aim and their effect to harmonize an extremely disturbed sexual behaviour. Since the personality structure is not destroyed by this intervention, the operation is not immoral and consequently not penal. Nevertheless, it is justified only as a method of last resort to patients who are therapy-resistent, self-destructive, and aggressive towards others. PMID- 7013348 TI - [The development of the Japanese-German connections from the dental point of view]. PMID- 7013349 TI - Protein composition of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Escherichia coli membranes during their interaction. AB - A comparative study of membrane proteins of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and host bacteria Escherichia coli was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Infection of E. coli cells by bdellovibrions resulted in the loss of some high-molecular proteins and appearance of new ones in the host-bacteria membranes. The possible role of parasite proteases in degradation of host-bacteria membrane proteins is discussed. PMID- 7013351 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the diaphragm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013350 TI - [Indication and amputation technique of below knee amputation in occlusive arterial disease (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremity below knee amputation is successful in 75 to 85%. Below knee amputation enables a better and more rapid prosthetic rehabilitation than above knee amputation, even in very old patients. Indication, amputation technique, and postoperative stump management are described in detail. PMID- 7013352 TI - [Haemolysis following repair of congenital anomalies of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - Recently 11 cases of severe haemolysis after correction of septal defects have been reported. Our experience with this complication is shown in 5 patients. Conservative treatment as a matter of experience is possible only in a few cases. We use autologous pericardium, Rygg-Perikard resp. to prevent this complication. PMID- 7013353 TI - [Bleeding following tracheostomy: the brachiocephalic trunc]. AB - Life threatening haemorrhage following lesions of the great supraaortic vessels has to be expected after tracheostomy in a ratio of 1:150. 0.6 to 1.1% of these lesions involve the brachiocephalic trunc. In most cases the acute haemorrhage can be controlled by hyperinflation of the cuff of the endotracheal tube. The following immediate emergency operation consists of ligature or resection of the brachiocephalic trunc. No cerebral damage is to be expected afterwards. The indication for vascular reconstruction of the trunc should be considered as a secondary matter. PMID- 7013354 TI - [Bacteriological diagnosis of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7013355 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract and pulmonary infections]. PMID- 7013356 TI - Auxanographic detection of experimental murine uremia with Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - A modified blood residual nitrogen plate auxanographic method was applied to the detection of experimental uremia in a murine model. The yeast-like fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was used as the indicator. Transient uremia was induced by injection of 0.2 ml glycerol intramuscularly. The low molecular weight nitrogen levels were estimated by measuring the diameter of the auxanogram at intervals of 2 hr for 24 hr and at 32 hr after the glycerol injection. After 4 hr, elevated levels of low molecular weight nitrogen were found. Maximum levels occurred 20 hr post glycerol injection. This method requires only 5 microliter of whole blood per assay. The results can be read after an incubation time of 24 hr at 26 degree C. The stability of the prepared plates was determined to be at least 96 hr at 4 degree C. The ease of use, reliability and versatility of the modified auxanographic method are discussed. PMID- 7013357 TI - Effect of purines on the formation of the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans. AB - A comparative study of growth and mating behaviour of C. neoformans strains grown on nutrient media containing a variety of organic nitrogen sources revealed striking differences of both parameters. Although growth was sparse on an adenine containing medium, mating was excellent. Attention is drawn to the possible role of adenine in the morphogenesis of F. neoformans. PMID- 7013358 TI - Purification and characterization of erythrogenic toxins. II. Communication: in vivo biological activities of erythrogenic toxin produced by streptococcus pyogenes strain ny-5. AB - Some in vivo biological activities of a purified erythrogenic toxin preparation from strain NY-5 of group A streptococci (ET NY-5) were studied. After intracutaneous administration in a dose of minimally 5 X 10(-8) mg, the toxin provoked a skin reaction in old guinea pigs. No skin reaction could be elicited in young adult rabbits. ET NY-5 was pyrogenic for rabbits; the MPD-4 amounted to 0.017 microgram/kg intravenously. The pyretic response had a delayed onset and then rose gradually up to hour 5 postinjection. Intravenous administration led to changes in circulating leukocyte counts, viz. brisk acute granulocytopenia and protracted lymphopenia. The method of pyrogenic cross tolerance revealed that ET NY-5 contains two types of pyrogenic exotoxin, A and C. PMID- 7013359 TI - Ascertainment of the presence in enterobacteriaceae of mixtures of proteins with salmonellae and E. coli specificities. AB - Comparative agar-gel diffusions of sera to proteins from E. coli O 126 and from S. enteritidis and samples of the sera absorbed with heterologous proteins proved that all were mixtures of antigens with specificities of common Salmonellae and E. coli. The absorption of the E. coli serum with proteins from S. typhi removed the smallest amont of antibodies while absorption with proteins from S. enteritidis removed common antibodies resembling those eliminated by absorption with heterologous E. coli proteins. Similar results were obtained by the opposite absorption of the S. enteritidis serum with the E. coli O 126 proteins; it is apparent from the results that S. enteritidis and E. coli have in their composition mixtures of strongly related proteins sharing determinants for both species. An added confirmation of these findings was obtained by absorbing the E. coli serum with proteins from S. paratyphi A; the absorption removed antibodies induced against proteins from numerous E. coli and Salmonellae strains. A determinant common to all the E. coli and Salmonellae - that is apparently situated on the E. coli coli proteins - is still reacting by a thin precipitation line against all the antigens and is evident in all the E. coli absorbed sera. PMID- 7013360 TI - Pathogenic yeast-like fungi in meat products. AB - 100 samples of sausage and ham (cut in fine slices) were examined to find out whether meat products can harbour yeast-like fungi pathogenic for man. Pieces of the test material were placed in a sterile Petri dish containing 1 ml distilled water and incubated at 26 degrees C for 2 days. The colonies grown on the material were identified by international standard methods, tested for extracellular proteolytic activity and serotypes. Experimentally infected meat products were studied culturally and histologically (PAS stain). 14 out of the 100 samples examined were found to contain Candida parapsilosis and 1 C. tropicalis. In vitro, extracellular proteolytic activity was found in 54.5% of the C. parapsilosis isolates. By serotyping, 2 of the isolates wree found to be related with serotype A and 8 with serotype B of C. albicans. The strains isolated from the blood of 27 patients, in part of them, identity of serotype and proteolysing activity was established. In the experimentally infected meat products, C. albicans showed a scarce growth preferably in the pseudomycelium form. C. tropicalis grew very well on the boiled sausage of salami type but mostly in the pseudomycelium form. C. parapsilosis on the other hand, showed a strong growth preferably as round blastospores on all 3 meat products and Cryptococcus neoformans a moderate growth as round blastospores in all the 3 meat products (Bologna type sausage, boiled sausage of salami type and smoke ham). The findings are discussed with a view of their implications for Medical Mycology, epidemiology and the practice of food control. PMID- 7013362 TI - [Comparative study of five different methods for grouping beta-haemolytic streptococci (author's transl)]. AB - 161 strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci, that had been isolated from patients' material, and 7 reference strains were group]ed with the techniques of precipitation, direct immunofluorescence, co-agglutination (Phadebact Streptococcus Test), latex agglutination (Streptex), and biochemical tests (Api Strep). From the reference strains one group G strain was incorrectly identified with the Api-Strep. The direct immunofluorescence test yielded a result in agreement with the precipitation method in 94% of the freshly isolated strains. Co-agglutination and latex agglutination gave corresponding results with the precipitation method in 99%, taking into consideration that the first method doesn't apply to groups D and F. The biochemical determination with Api-Strep gave correct results with all strains of groups A and B, but did not do so with some group G and most of the group C streptococcal strains. Therefore especially co-agglutination and latex agglutination can be recommended for routine diagnostic purposes as reliable, rapid, and simple methods. PMID- 7013361 TI - [Slide-ELISA, a new technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013363 TI - [Studies of the heterogeneity of streptokinases; IV. Evidence for isostreptokinases in Streptococcus pyogenes type 1 (author's transl)]. AB - Two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, originating from the same Griffith strain SF 130/13 but different in M protein synthesis, produce two isostreptokinases. The molecular weights of both isostreptokinases are the same (about 50 000 daltons) as well as the specific activities (38 000 and 43 000 U/mg, resp.). The activity values are influenced by an incomplete removal of ampholytes. The isoelectric points were determined as pI 6.3, and 6.5, resp. The presence of isostreptokinases was concluded by (1) the absence of proteolytic activities in the culture filtrate, (2) the same molecular weights, (3) the same specific activities, (4) the constant quantitative relation of about 1:2.5 between both isostreptokinases after refocusing, (5) a lack of cystein- or cystin residues in the molecule, (6) the appearance of both isostreptokinases in untreated culture filtrates, (7) the separability by disc electrophoresis, and (8) the lack of such double bands in streptokinases of other streptococci. Isoelectric focusing of streptokinase produced by a type 3 strain of S. pyogenes was followed by the appearance of four bands with streptokinase activity. It is unlikely that these four bands represent isostreptokinases. Both streptokinases (type 1 and type 3 streptococci) differ from streptokinases of other types by their relatively high content of tryptophane (table 1) and the high isoelectric points (6.5 to 6.0; streptokinases of other types and groups show pI's between 5.05 to 5.65 (6). PMID- 7013364 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide detection and measurement by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen. Using polystyrene as the solid phase and peroxidase-labelled rabbit antibody the assay detected the antigen in concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml. Linearity was achieved within the range of 1ng to 10 microgram/ml. Subtle measurements of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen in body fluids are possible through ELISA which is superior to counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex-particle agglutination in this respect. ELISA should facilitate investigations concerning PRP pathogenic effects in experimental Hib infection as well as in human Hib disease. PMID- 7013365 TI - Antigenic variants of leptospiras selected by antiserum-complement mediated killing. AB - The presence of antigenic variants of leptospiras was confirmed by the leptospiricidal reaction mediated by the antiserum plus complement. More than 99% of the organisms of virulent L. copenhageni Shibaura were destroyed microscopically after treatment with the anti-L. copenhageni Shibaura antiserum (1: 2000) plus guinea pig complement (1: 20). The leptospiras which survived treatment with the antiserum plus complement produced colonies on the solid serum medium at a rate of 0.09%. Eighty-seven percent of the survivors were found to be antigenic variants. The antigenicity of these variants reversed to that of the parent after 3--5 passages in the liquid normal serum medium. PMID- 7013366 TI - The perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans, on pigeon manure filtrate agar. AB - To enable studies of the dependence of Cryptococcus neoformans and its perfect and imperfect states upon bird manure as a habitat of this pathogen, a nutrient medium closely resembling natural conditions was prepared. As sole nutrient, the water soluble ingredients of manure from pigeons (Columbia livia) were used. There was no heat sterilization of the manure filtrate. Using a standard pair of C. neoformans strains for mating, it could be demonstrated that the perfect state of the fungus developed on this so called pigeon manure filtrate agar within 48 h at 26 degrees C. This medium is supposed to help in the elucidation of the epidemiological significance of the perfect and imperfect states of this pathogen. PMID- 7013368 TI - [The tenacity of bacteria in the airborne state. I. Experimental examinations for the determination of the kill constant beta biol for E. coli, Salmonella spp. and P. multocida (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013367 TI - [Air pollution and biological defence (author's transl)]. AB - Differences of individual reactivity and, therefore, in the strength of effect air pollution exerts in different subjects of a population under study, are well known. Several experimental and epidemiologic results point to the possibility that this phenomenon is due to variations in the defence mechanisms of the human body. Some important findings relating to this problem are: Deterioration of lung clearance by inhalation of NO2 or lead chloride; damage to alveolar macrophages by air borne particulates in vitro and in vivo; enhanced activation or synthesis of the C'3 complement fraction under the influence of air pollutants; higher frequency of enlarged tonsils and lymph nodes, of pathogenic bacteria on tonsillar surfaces, and of relatively lower lysozyme concentrations in children living in urban or industrialized areas; decreased resistance to infections, elicited by inhalation of O3 or a lead aerosol; immuno-suppressive effect of heavy metals and organic compounds; allergic reactions against quite a number of chemicals; detoxification and toxification, e.g. formation of ultimate carcinogens, of organic molecules; induction or inhibition of the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by particulate extracts or by CO, NO2, and lead, resp.; deficiency of DNA--repair in disease conditions predisposing to the development of cancer; tendency, in allergics, to a relatively lower incidence of cancer; adaptation to the effects of CO or SO2. These facts, and knowledge not cited here, are in favour of the existence of close connections between various defence mechanisms, air pollution, and its effects on the human organism. PMID- 7013369 TI - A contribution to the research of infection of cows and humans with Streptococcus agalactiae. AB - In the small area of eight alpine villages in Slovenia 159 cows and 113 persons from 34 family-farms on Streptococcus agalactiae (Str. agal.) were examined. From the milk of 35 cows (22%) from 21 farms and from the throat and urine of 17 persons (15%) from 14 farms Str. agal. was isolated. Identical serotypes of Str. agal. were established on the farms, where infected cows and infected persons were detected: in cows serotypes II and III and in persons serotypes II, III and R. In persons from the farms, where the cows were negative, other serotypes were found: Ib, Ic and II. In 12 persons Str. agal. was isolated from urine, in 3 persons from the throat and in 2 persons from the urine and throat. All positive persons were without visible clinical symptoms. We suggest, that one of the ways of infection with Str. agal. in humans is probably a direct route with infected milk or from the infected cows. PMID- 7013370 TI - Brain tumours presenting as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. PMID- 7013371 TI - Studies on the predisposing role of stress in the E. coli-diarrhoea of pigs. PMID- 7013372 TI - Identification of rabies virus antigen in the skin of foxes. PMID- 7013373 TI - The micro-ELISA for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis: elimination of false positive reactions by antigen fractionation and technical improvements. PMID- 7013374 TI - Head and neck abscesses in sheep caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes. PMID- 7013375 TI - [Mapping of mutations in genes of Flexner shigellae controlling the synthesis of certain ribosomal proteins and study of the effect of these mutations on bacterial virulence]. AB - The study, carried out to localize the mutations which determine resistance to spectinomycin and neamin, has revealed that in Sh. Flexneri the genes of the str - s area and located in the order similar to the order of their location in E. coli K12: spc A -- nea A -- str A -- nea B. Mutation in spc A gene was shown to have no influence on the capacity of the shigellae for causing keratoconjunctivitis, whereas nea A mutation resulted in the complete loss of virulence; in str A and nea B mutations the complete or partial loss of pathogenic properties was also observed. PMID- 7013376 TI - [Protoplast fusion--a new method of obtaining recombinant strains]. PMID- 7013377 TI - [Characteristics and classification of plasmids of conditionally pathogenic E. coli according to their conjugative and mobilization capacity]. AB - A number of conjugative plasmids of opportunistic E. coli with molecular weights of 23.6--81.8 megadaltons have been studied. On the basis of the data thus obtained conjugative F-like R-plastmids have been subdivided into 2 groups characterized by the unsuppressed or suppressed manifestation of their functions. Individual conjugative plasmids have been found to differ in their capacity for mobilizing non-conjugative SuSm plasmid for transfer, which indicates the possibility of using this test for characterization and classification of plasmids, identified in natural bacterial population. PMID- 7013379 TI - [Propagation of enterobacteria in the human respiratory tract in chronic otorhinolaryngologic disease]. PMID- 7013378 TI - [Effect of different diet composition on the immunologic reactivity of guinea pigs]. PMID- 7013380 TI - [Clinico-pathophysiologic characteristics of functional disorders of general sensitivity (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7013381 TI - [Important dates in the history of psychiatry for 1981]. PMID- 7013383 TI - [80th anniversary of the "Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii im. S. S. Korsakov"]. PMID- 7013382 TI - [Problem of residual and defective states in schizophrenia (in relation to the tasks of clinical and socio-vocational prognosis) (review)]. PMID- 7013384 TI - Changes in nucleus and surface of Lepidoptera cells cultivated in vitro after infection with nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Autographa californica). AB - Changes in cell nuclei after infection of Lepidoptera cells, demonstrated by means of the fluorochrome "33 258H", permit the observation of virus DNA synthesis in a light microscope. Parallel occurring changes in cell surfaces, analysed in a scanning electron microscope, also permit an exact differentiation between infected and non-infected cells. PMID- 7013385 TI - Contribution of chicken's central lymphoid organs to the cellular composition of the gland of Harder. AB - The chicken's gland of Harder is characterized by a lymphoepithelial structure and an abundance of plasma cells in the epithelial interstices. Using 3HTdR labelling method, it is revealed that a considerable number of lymphoid cells in the gland of Harder originates from the bursa of Fabricius. However, surgical bursectomy at hatching does not influence the development of the lymphoepithelial structure in the gland of Harder. Testosterone propionate treatment of 3-day-old embryos inhibits the bursal development but not that of the gland of Harder. These findings argue for the relative bursal independence of lymphoid development in the gland of Harder. PMID- 7013386 TI - Regenerative efforts of the transected LH-RH axons in the brain of the rat: short communication. PMID- 7013387 TI - Service in biological sciences... PMID- 7013388 TI - Extinct animal phyla--problem of evolution. PMID- 7013389 TI - The significance of the Rudabanya prehominid finds in hominization research. PMID- 7013390 TI - Primary closure of the perineal wound after abdomino-perineal amputation for adenocarcinoma. AB - This is a prospective study of primary closure of the perineum in 35 successive cases of abdomino-perineal amputation of the rectum for adenocarcinoma (January 1972 - December 1978). All operations are performed by the same surgeon in a one team approach. In 33 patients the perineum is closed, and 32 patients are available for evaluation. In 66% of them the wound heals per primam. Very extensive and exenterative procedures do not lower the chances for success. In women the results are better than in men. They are even better after posterior vaginal wall resection and posterior exeneration (no failures). Early postoperative failures are usually due to bleeding; the late ones are caused by infection. The procedure is complicated by one death (81 years), one ureteral fistula (47 years) and one late perineal hernia which may be imputed to the method. Primary closure of the perineum appears to be a very feasible (33/35), usefull and rather safe procedure from which the patient has a lot to win and quite nothing to loose. PMID- 7013391 TI - Surgical decision analysis. Methodological aspects of statistical evaluations in therapeutic trials. AB - This report aims at discussing some of the sources of error and pitfalls involved in evaluating the efficiency of alternative modes of therapy in clinical materials. One of the main obstacles in such analysis is that the therapeutic groups are basically different due to the original selection of patients. In a previous paper (Pellettieri, 1980) a special method was worked out to circumvent this problem. The method requires that the variables of main prognostic importance can be identified. Patients in the different therapeutic groups who have identical patterns of combination of variables (risk profiles) can then be compared and the efficiency of different treatment programs can be evaluated. We believe that this method can be used in other fields of medicine. PMID- 7013392 TI - Influence on symptoms and transit-time of Vi-SiblinR in diverticular disease. AB - Nine patients complaining of constipation and with diverticuli of the colon on barium-enema were examined with regard to transit-time, bowel movements and subjective symptoms. They were treated with placebo and Vi-SiblinR, using a doubleblind cross-over technique. The transit-time remained normal during the Vi SiblinR treatment. The feces became softer and increased in weight and the subjective symptoms were significantly reduced (p less than 0,05). PMID- 7013394 TI - [The remission stage in juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7013393 TI - Cannulation of the umbilical vein in adult man. A review of surgical techniques, possible complications and clinical applications. AB - A short description is given of relevant anatomy and surgical techniques for transumbilical portal venous catheterisation in adults. Possible complications and applications of the procedure are discussed. PMID- 7013396 TI - Alterations in islet cell ultrastructure following streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat. AB - The response of islet cells to streptozotocin-induced diabetes was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Rats were given streptozotocin i.p. (100 mg/kg followed by another dose of 25 mg/kg 24 h later) and sacrificed after 10 days. Pancreata from rats with high serum glucose values (381-553 mg/100 ml) were selected for ultrastructural examination. Islets in these animals were smaller and much less frequent than those of control animals. Cell types were not always easily identifiable in diabetic animals: distinction between A and B cells was often difficult. Cells of some islets displayed diminished electron density and less structured cytoplasm, yet nuclei were not pyknotic. Such cells were usually deficient in secretion granules. A cells were least affected. Cells in the centers of some islets possessed multivesicular bodies, prominent dilated Golgi cisternae and secretory granules which were often pleomorphic. Nuclear envelopes of some peripheral islet cells were swollen and distended; mitochondria were enlarged and the rough endoplasmic reticulum prominent. Some islet cells retained features of B cells in spite of marked ultrastructural alterations. This diversity of morphological findings contrasts with the homogeneity of the population of streptozotocin-diabetic rats with respect to metabolic responses. PMID- 7013395 TI - Blood sugar, serum insulin and serum free fatty acid responses to slow graded glucose in thyroxine-treated dogs. AB - The effects of short-term (10 days) thyroxine administration (100 micrograms/kg body weight/die) on the BS, serum IRI and circulating FFA responses to slow, graded glucose stimulation were studied in dogs. The experiments reported demonstrated that the mean basal BS value in thyroxine-treated dogs is higher than that found in untreated controls, and that non-parallel mean BS responses to glucose infusion were observed during the test: the higher curve was found in the thyroxine-treated group. Mean basal serum IRI was similar in both groups, and parallel insulinemic responses to hyperglycemia were observed. Mean serum IRI responses as a function of time from the start of infusion to hyperthyroid dogs were lower than those observed in untreated controls. Mean basal serum FFA levels in both groups did not differ, and parallel serum FFA curves were found during the test. Thyroxine treatment caused a better lipogenic response to combined hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia and a steep subsequent rebound of serum FFA, as compared to untreated controls. We conclude that dogs with recently induced hyperthyroidism show an impairment in the net glucose uptake by tissues, a poor insulinemic response to glucose, a good lipogenic response and a sharp subsequent rebound of serum FFA. The high BS curve, the high tissue FFA response to insulin antagonists and the high mean BS level in the fasting condition might be accounted for by a thyroxine-induced active production of cAMP in body cells, but the low insulin secretion evidently is due to other mechanisms. PMID- 7013397 TI - Serum lipids and apoprotein composition (%) of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction in two groups of diabetic patients: effects of oral as compared to insulin therapy. AB - Forty-one diabetic patients (21 males and 20 females) were divided into two groups according to treatment. One group (n = 22) was treated with insulin and the other with oral therapy (tolbutamide) (n = 19). The two groups of patients were in a good metabolic control in that the glucose loss in the urine was less than 10 g/24 h. In these two groups we have evaluated total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), VLDL TC/TG ratio and prevalence of 'double pre-beta lipoproteinemia'. For these parameters no significant differences have been found between the two groups. The results of our study suggest that, provided metabolic control is good, the VLDL metabolism does not seem to be affected by the type of treatment. PMID- 7013398 TI - Serum lipoproteins in diabetes: relation of alpha-lipoprotein level to therapy. AB - Three hundred and sixty diabetic patients (125 on insulin, 109 on sulfonylureas and 126 on diet alone) were selected to investigate the effect of the type of treatment and of the degree of metabolic control on serum lipoproteins. Prebeta lipoprotein concentration was higher than normal in all treatment groups. Beta lipoproteins were significantly higher in diabetic women than in controls. No difference in beta- and prebeta-lipoprotein concentration existed between the 3 treatment groups. Alpha-lipoproteins were significantly higher in insulin-treated than in diet-treated patients irrespective of the degree of metabolic control. The daily dose of insulin and, in patients on diet or sulfonylureas, serum IRI were positively correlated to alpha-lipoprotein concentration while this lipoprotein fraction was not significantly correlated to fasting blood sugar. Alpha-lipoprotein concentration, then, appears to be markedly influenced by exogenous and endogenous insulin, independently of the degree of metabolic control. PMID- 7013399 TI - Pancreatic B-cell response to a test-meal in lean and obese diabetic patients: relation to metabolic control. AB - We have measured fasting C-peptide reactivity (CPR) as well as CPR responses to a test meal in 83 diabetic patients and 41 non diabetic controls. In comparison to controls, basal CPR was decreased in lean insulin-treated diabetics with stable or brittle diabetes and in obese patients with brittle diabetes. Lean and obese maturity-onset diabetics had increased CPR levels and so had obese insulin treated patients. Nevertheless, the CPR response to the test meal was clearly inadequate in all diabetics. In control patients, there was a positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and CPR levels. On the contrary, lean diabetics demonstrated a negative correlation between these parameters. Hemoglobin A1 levels were negatively correlated to fasting CPR levels in lean diabetics, indicating the importance of residual B-cell function for diabetes control. These correlations were obscured in obese diabetics. In our patients, circulating insulin antibodies had apparently no deleterious effect on metabolic control. PMID- 7013400 TI - In vitro conversion of proinsulin to insulin by cathepsin B in isolated islets and its inhibition by cathepsin B antibodies. AB - Purified bovine cathepsin B, when incubated with isolated rat islets of Langerhans, completely converts proinsulin to insulin as demonstrated by the incorporation of 14C-leucine into islet proteins, releasing lysine as the only basic amino acid. Cathepsin B antibodies raised in rabbit inhibited the above conversion. PMID- 7013401 TI - Effect of calcium and potassium on basal and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulated release of luteinizing hormone (LH). AB - LH release from the anterior pituitary was studied by the method of an in vitro superfusion of bovine anterior pituitary tissue slices. LH release was stimulated by increased potassium concentration (23 and 59 mM) and by synthetic GnRH (1 and 4 ng/ml). While the potassium effect was completely dependent on extracellular calcium, that of GnRH was only partially dependent. Additive effect was observed when GnRH followed enhanced potassium infusion but not vice versa. This suggested that the mechanism responding to potassium may be contained within the stimulatory pathway of GnRH. There was a difference in the dynamics of the LH response: maximum response was attained in about 10 min of potassium infusion while infusion of GnRH resulted mostly in multiphasic stepwise release of LH reaching a plateau in 60 to 90 min only. It is speculated that the potassium effect involves the K+, Na+ dependent ATPase. PMID- 7013402 TI - [Peroxidase immunohistochemical localization of the epidermal growth factor and/or urogastrone: 2 polypeptides present in the digestive tract]. AB - Cytoplasmic localization of the antigen Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) in Brunner's gland cells and in ductal submandibulary gland cells of rats has been effected by using the indirect immunoperoxidase antibody technique with an immunoserum obtained from highly purified extract of EGF/Urogastrone. After fixing in a buffered formaldehyde solution, the sections have been imbedded in paraffin. Structural and immunological properties have been well preserved by immunohistochemical specific techniques. These two polypeptides have similar biological activities and may therefore play an important role as therapeutic factors protectings against acid gastric secretion. An extensive revision and analysis of present stage of knowledge on these two substances which are active participants in the process of acid gastric secretion, has also been carried out. PMID- 7013404 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of a procedure for disinfecting the Olympus GIF-D2 panendoscope]. AB - We have performed a total of 107 cultures from three critical areas of an Olympus Panendoscope Model GIF-D2 in order to evaluate bacteriologically cur system of desinfection of this endoscope. Samples were taken from the distal end, external surface and biopsy canal before and after an endoscopic examination was performed. The procedure of desinfection employed was as follows: washing of the distal end, external surface and biopsy canal with Hexaclorophel (Phisohex) diluted 50% with water and a second washing with tap water. In the middle of the study, we added a second washing of the biopsy canal with ten ml. of ether alcohol to allow for better drying. As a result of the present study we observed that in the distal end in 50% of the samples we encountered bacteria. Cultures of the external surface were positive in 20% of samples. The biopsy canal should be washed with ether alcohol to allow for complete drying, because when we did not use this method, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was isolated. After this modification we did not isolate bacteria. The most frequent types of isolated bacteria were from the normal oropharyngeal flora. From the present study we can conclude that desinfection of the Panendespe with Hexaclorophen gives satisfactory results on the external surface of the endoscope. Biopsy canal requires additional washing with ether alcohol. However, both procedures do not assure a satisfactory desinfection of the distal end. PMID- 7013403 TI - Cimetidine vs. placebo in prepyloric gastric ulcer therapy. Six week controlled double blind investigation without any antacid therapy. AB - We studied the healing efficacy of cimetidine or placebo on 24 endoscopically proven prepyloric gastric ulcer outpatients in randomized controlled prospective double blind trial. There were 11 patients in the cimetidine (1,200 mg daily) treatment group and 13 patients in the placebo treated group. No antacid was allowed, but a placebo antacid with no neutralizing capacity was given as needed for pain. The incidence of complete endoscopic healing at 2, 4, and 6 weeks was 45%, 64%, and 73% in the cimetidine treated patients and 0%, 15%, and 62% in the placebo treated patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p less than .05) in complete prepyloric gastric ulcer healing between both treatment groups after 2 and. 4 weeks of therapy, but there was no significant difference at the 6 week observation period. The results of this study demonstrate that in prepyloric gastric ulcer outpatients treated for 6 weeks 1) cimetidine accelerates the rate of prepyloric gastric ulcer healing during the first 4 weeks of treatment; 2) more than 60% of prepyloric gastric ulcers will spontaneously heal during a 6 week observation period which is not statistically modified by cimetidine treatment. PMID- 7013405 TI - [Pharmacology of oral cholecystography]. PMID- 7013407 TI - The role of coagulation-fibrinolytic system in diabetic vascular complications. Part III: Effects of insulin on normal and diabetic rat aortae. PMID- 7013406 TI - [Prostaglandins in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7013408 TI - Immunofluorescence studies of the monocytes in the injured rat brain. AB - Rat brain was obtained on the 4th day after its damage by a stab wound. The injured and the normal control brain tissues were stained by the immunofluorescence technique using anti-granulomonocytic rabbit serum. After the fluorescence observation the same tissues were further stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and studied comparatively by light microscopy. The following results were obtained: (1) The normal adult rat brain lacks the cells which react with the antiserum, thus the resting microglia occurring in the normal adult brain are antigenically different from the cells of the monocyte-macrophage system. (2) In the injured brain tissues monocytes extravasate, enter-brain parenchyma, and take ameboid forms or become macrophages. (3) Among the reactive cells in the injured brain, all of the brain macrophages and most of the ameboid cells were reactive with the antiserum thereby indicating their monocytic origin. PMID- 7013409 TI - Human brain in tissue cultures. VI. Presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein in subcultivated human fetal brain cells as demonstrated by immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was present in cell cultures derived from human fetal brain tissue as determined by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) staining using rabbit anti-human GFAP antisera. The IF and IP techniques were comparable in localizing the cytoplasmic distribution and the frequent perinuclear concentration of GFAP in brain cells. The horseradish peroxidase technique was more sensitive and a 1:20-1:40 dilution of anti-GFAP serum could be applied in the initial step of the peroxidase staining as compared to a 1:10 dilution of anti-GFAP serum for IF staining. Sequential studies of subcultivated human fetal brain cell lines by these techniques indicated that some brain cell lines become GFAP-negative rapidly, whereas other cell lines remain GFAP-positive for no less than ten subcultivations in vitro. GFA protein was never present in any PML-SV40-transformed human brain cells. PMID- 7013410 TI - Diffuse and multicentric brain tumors -- correlation of histological, clinical and CT appearance. AB - In 14 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, glioblastoma and cerebral lymphoma CT was compared to the gross anatomy and their histology at corresponding levels. Diffuse spread of tumor even in areas of considerable increase of cellular density are not recognizable in CT including application of contrast medium. Circumscribed and frequently multiple foci inside of diffuse areas of gliomatosis may have necrosis and extensive vascular changes including haemorrhage. These foci alone are demonstrable by pathological changes in CT and may suggest multiple metastatic growth or vascular lesions. True unconnected multiple lesions in gliomas are rare as can be demonstrated by intensive histological investigations but occur in cerebral lymphomas. PMID- 7013412 TI - Immunohistological studies in viral encephalitis. AB - Immunofluorescence (IF) techniques performed on formol-fixed, paraffin-embedded and protease-pretreated sections from autopsy brain for demonstration of rabies and Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) antigens proved to be a simple and effective method to ensure the etiology of some viral encephalitides. In contrast to fresh material, the use of formol-fixed tissues rules out any risk in handling highly infectious material. Another major advantage is the possibility of comparing IF appearance with normal histology of the same section by post-staining with hematoxilineosin (H.E.) or other stains. In 2 animal and one of 2 human rabies cases, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were more prominent in IF than in H.E. stains. In 31 cases with a histopathological diagnosis of necrotizing encephalitis, HSV-1 antigen was demonstrated in 17 of 25 acute cases but absent in 6 cases with clinical courses longer than 4 weeks. Specific fluorescence of nuclear inclusions bodies was inconstant and less prominent than that of neuronal cytoplasm and neuronal/glial nuclear membranes. Since HSV-1 positive cells are patchily distributed, limited tissue sampling (e.g. in diagnostic biopsies) may yield false negative results. Paucity of HSV-1-positive cells in the leptomeninges renders CSF immunocytology of limited use for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 7013411 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigens in paraffin embedded autopsy specimens of virally infected central nervous system. AB - Viral antigens are preserved in routinely processed and paraffin embedded CNS tissue to an extent that they can be traced by the highly sensitive and specific unlabeled antibody method. Using this method, it was possible to visualize antigens of measles, influenza A, polio, varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalo, parainfluenza I, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Moloney, and Friend virus. PMID- 7013414 TI - Cerebellar changes in 50 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with emphasis on granule cell atrophy variant. AB - Cerebellar changes have been found in 41/50 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. They were severe in 9 cases. We did not find significant correlation between the cerebellar symptoms and signs pointed out in clinical records and prominent cerebellar changes. The only exception consisted in dentate nucleus involvement which was more frequently related to those symptoms and signs. 5 of the cases with severe changes were characterized by predominant granule cell atrophy without kuru plaques. The mean age of death (56.0) was significantly lower in this variant than that of patients with other cerebellar changes (64.4) (p less than 0.01). The granule cell atrophy seems a distinct variant on the basis of age of death and pathological changes. However, it is not characterized by the presence of kuru plaques. PMID- 7013415 TI - Endogenous peroxidatic activity in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of normal adult rats. AB - There are at least three sources of endogenous peroxidatic activity that are present in both the cerebral and the cerebellar cortex. All three sources, being neuronal, astrocytic or hemoglobin-dependent, may obscure the interpretation of studies using exogenous horseradish peroxidase. The activities are to a variable extent influenced by fixation. From the present results DAB-incubation of cryostate sectioned brain appears to be an acceptable method for histochemical demonstration of the mitochondrial cytochrome chain enzymes. PMID- 7013413 TI - Two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation. AB - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) occurred in two patients after kidney transplantation. Less than 2 years after such a transplantation associated with immunosuppressive chemotherapy a 54-year-old male developed polyneuropathy then clinical diffuse alteration of the central nervous system. He died three months later with the suspicion of hypertensive encephalopathy due to progressive renal failure. A 45-year-old female had a kidney transplantation first rapidly complicated by Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis. She was cured from this disease and had a satisfactory social rehabilitation during two years. Afterwards, she suffered various neurological troubles, including epilepsy, that were attributed to combined renal failure and developing hydrocephalus. One year after the onset of these neurological symptoms, the grafted kidney was removed and chemotherapy was discontinued. She died three months later. Both patients had typical PML with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in presumptive oligodendroglial cells. By electron microscopy, performed on formalin fixed brain tissue, round particles (40-50 nm) could be recognized in some glial cell nuclei. These two cases are confronted with the four published observations of PML following organ transplantation. PMID- 7013416 TI - Comparative histochemical and immunofluorescent observations in thiamine deficient encephalopathies. AB - Histochemical and immunohistological examinations were carried out at different stages of thiamine-deficient encephalopathy in rats. The respiratory enzymatic activity decreased in the most damaged area correlating well with the neuropathological findings. There was an inverse relationship between the damaged area and its marginal zone; the latter showed an increase of the same enzymatic activity. The capillary network and the activity of the vessel walls seemed to be almost unimpaired. The immunohistological investigations showed only a moderate extravasation of the plasma proteins. PMID- 7013417 TI - Specific demonstration of albumin by immunohistological techniques in human vasogenic brain edema. AB - In the present study, the immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase methods were applied to demonstrate the serum proteins in vasogenic brain edema (6). Using these techniques on paraffin embedded formalin fixed human brains with carcinoma metastases, albumin was identified specifically in the edema fluid, while human immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) were not detectable. The localisation and spreading of edema fluid clearly show the presence of the vasogenic type of brain edema under human pathological conditions. The astrocytes containing albumin confirm the conception concerning their role in the resolution of brain edema in human pathology, as well. The immunohistological techniques seem to be useful to investigate the human brain edema on necropsy material. PMID- 7013418 TI - Localization of early atherosclerotic lesions in an arterial bifurcation in humans. AB - The detailed localization of early atherosclerotic lesions in arterial bifurcations was studied in 33 brachiocephalic arteries obtained from autopsies of young persons who had suffered a violent and sudden death. Drawings of the sudanophilic lesions in the vessel wall were fed to a computer, scaled to a standardized size and shape, and added together. The results are presented as contour lines connecting points with equal frequency of early lesions. The distribution of the early lesions reveals a distinct pattern: The early lesions start to develop on the outer walls of the bifurcation, while the inner walls downstream from the flow divider are kept free as are also the lateral walls. These results are clearly in conflict with Fry's shear stress hypothesis, while they seem to support Caro's hypothesis of inhibition of local diffusionsal transport. The results are also at variance with results obtained in most animal models, suggesting that the process which takes place in the vessel wall in these animals may be different from human atherosclerosis. PMID- 7013420 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of ELISA and the haemagglutination-inhibition test for routine diagnosis of rubella. AB - A total of 500 paired sera were tested for rubella antibodies by the rubella IgG ELISA and the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Significant differences between the antibody level in the first and second samples of 417 serum pairs were not detected by either of the tests, whereas significant increases in 71 pairs were detected by both methods. A significant increase of the level in 12 serum pairs was demonstrated by the ELISA, but not by the HI test. The rubella IgG ELSIA is more sensitive than the HI test for diagnosis of recent rubella. PMID- 7013419 TI - Resistance types in Escherichia coli. II. Transfer of ampicillin resistance. AB - The ability to transfer resistance traits was investigated in 49 E. coli strains isolated from clinical specimens. The strains were divided into the three groups according to sensitivity to penicillin derivatives. Group 1 contained 8 ampicillin-carbenicillin sensitive (A-s/Ca-s) strains, group 2 contained 16 ampicillin resistent-carbenicillin sensitive (A-r/Ca-s) strains and group 3 contained 25 ampicillin-carbenicillin resistant strains. In group 3, 17 strains could transfer A-resistance (range of transfer frequency was 10(0.0) to 10(-7.5). The 16 strains in group 2 that did not transfer A-resistance more often than mutants arose from the recipient (10(-8.8). The mutants of the recipient selected on A-plates were A-r/Ca-s/cephalothin-resistant, exactly as the strains in group 2. The A-resistance in group 3 was probably based on plasmids, and that of group 2 was based on mobilizable plasmids and/or chromosomal resistance. The frequencies of transfer of sulphonamide-, tetracycline- and streptomycin resistance of the strains in groups 1 and 2 did transfer, were in the same range as the frequencies of transfer in group 3. PMID- 7013421 TI - Nervous control of pancreatic endocrine secretion in pigs. I. Insulin and glucagon responses to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves. AB - The increases in the concentrations of insulin and pancreatic glucagon in portal venous and arterial plasma in response to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves were studied in anesthetized splanchnicotomized young pigs. The responses were frequence dependent; threshold frequency was below 1 Hz and maximum response was reached at 8-12 Hz. With maximal stimulation responses of magnitudes comparable to the responses to maximal arginine (glucagon) and glucose stimulation (insulin) were observed. However, both the insulin and the glucagon response were critically dependent on the blood glucose concentration during the stimulation: the glucagon response was inversely correlated to blood glucose, whereas the insulin response was positively correlated to blood glucose at concentrations above 4.5 mmol . 1(-1). Below this glucose concentration there was no detectable insulin response and above 8.0 mmol . 1(-1) no glucagon response to vagal stimulation. A stimulated secretion of glucagon as well as insulin was maintained for up to 30 min stimulation, but insulin secretion tended to decrease, whereas glucagon secretion tended to increase. Above blood glucose concentrations of 4 mmol . 1(-1), blood glucose concentrations increased slightly in response to vagal stimulation, whereas no change was noted during stimulations performed at lower blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 7013423 TI - [Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment - torture: bibliography]. PMID- 7013422 TI - The effect of physical training on insulin secretion of rat pancreatic islets. AB - Rats were either physically trained by a 12-wk swimming program or were freely eating or weight matched, sedentary controls. Islets of Langerhans were isolated and incubated in various glucose concentrations. Within the range of physiological glucose concentrations the rate of insulin release from islets of trained rats was lower than that from islets of sedentary controls. The DNA content of the islets was similar in the different groups. The demonstrated decreased glucose sensitivity of the insulin secretory mechanism within the beta cells of trained rats may partly explain the finding of lower plasma insulin concentrations during intravenous glucose tolerance test in these rats compared with sedentary rats. Epididymal fat pads of trained rats were smaller than those of weight matched controls which in turn were smaller than those of freely eating controls, these differences being due to differences in fat cell size. The lower glucose sensitivity of the beta-cells in trained rats was probably not a consequence of the low body weight and small fat depots in these rats PMID- 7013424 TI - [Philosophical and historical approach to the teaching of human rights]. PMID- 7013426 TI - [Systematically performed microscopic anatomo-pathological studies in poisoning]. PMID- 7013425 TI - [Experimental study of the relationship between biochemical, histochemical and microscopic tests in various types of poison-induced anoxias]. PMID- 7013428 TI - [Action of a new antimycotic preparation (tolcyclate) in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor]. PMID- 7013427 TI - Characteristic changes in the concentrations of some peptide hormones, in particular those regulating serum calcium, in acute pancreatitis and myocardial infarction. AB - In order to further investigate hormonal changes and possible metabolic consequences in acute pancreatitis, 10 cases with a mild form of the disease was studied. The influence of tissue injury per se on the hormones in question was assessed from comparison with the hormone levels in the course of myocardial infarction (MI) in 9 cases. Insulin and glucose showed no consistent changes. Glucagon was suppressed on admission, 22 +/- 10 pg . ml-1, compared with the ultimate concentration, 40 +/- 20 pg . ml-1 (p less than 0.05), and with the initial value in MI, 74 +/- 32 pg . ml-1 (p less than 0.01). Serum calcitonin (CT) was strongly elevated initially, 348 +/- 313 pg . ml-1, compared with the ultimate level, 24 +/- 7 pg . ml-1 (p less than 0.001), and with the normal initial level in MI, 43 +/- 44 pg . ml-1 (p less than 0.01). Serum CT elevations were time-related to a slight reduction in corrected serum Ca, which might reflect a biological expression of this substance. In pancreatitis, parathyroid hormone (PTH) remained normal and unchanged throughout the study, whereas patients with MI had an increased level of this hormone on admission, 0.19 +/- 0.08 microgramEq . 1(-1), compared with the ultimate concentration, 0.09 +/- 0.03 microgram/q . 1(-1) (p less than 0.02) and with the initial concentration in pancreatitis, 0.11 +/- 0.06 microgramEq . 1(-1) (p less than 0.05). Supranormal PTH levels were found in more than half of the infarction patients on days 0 and 1. PMID- 7013429 TI - [Complete avulsion of the skin of the penis]. PMID- 7013430 TI - The satellite cells of the sensory ganglia. PMID- 7013431 TI - Interactions of dinitrogenase and dinitrogenase reductase. PMID- 7013432 TI - Natural killer (NK) cells in hamsters and their modulation in tumorigenesis. PMID- 7013433 TI - Functional heterogeneity of alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7013434 TI - Transmissible ileal hyperplasia. PMID- 7013435 TI - Experimental subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in the hamster. PMID- 7013436 TI - Enhanced intrauterine transmission of herpes simplex virus infection in immunosuppressed hamsters. PMID- 7013438 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 7013437 TI - Advances in the multimodal primary management of cancer. PMID- 7013439 TI - Recognition and treatment of iron overload. PMID- 7013440 TI - Intestinal adaptation to bowel resection. PMID- 7013441 TI - Neural control of the heart in health and disease. PMID- 7013443 TI - DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and pseudolupus syndrome. PMID- 7013442 TI - Treatment of renal calculi. PMID- 7013444 TI - Vitamin D and renal diseases. PMID- 7013445 TI - The role of anaerobic bacteria in pediatric infections. PMID- 7013446 TI - Clinical aspects of recurrent abdominal pain in children. PMID- 7013447 TI - Transfer factor and its clinical application. PMID- 7013448 TI - [Tissue effects of argon laser photocoagulation at threshold doses. Experimental study on the retina of the miniature pig and the rabbit]. PMID- 7013450 TI - Variation of type antigens of group-B streptococci. II. Studies on the in-vitro variation of the X-antigen and other type antigens. PMID- 7013449 TI - [A time series analysis of allograft rejections after penetrating keratoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013451 TI - Variation of type antigens of group-B streptococci. III. Variation of the protein antigen Ibc. PMID- 7013452 TI - Herd types of group-B streptococci. Their prevalence among herds in four Danish mastitis control areas and the relation of type to the spread within herds. PMID- 7013453 TI - Antigenic non-relationship of two bovine eperythrozoa demonstrated by the immunofluorescent method. PMID- 7013455 TI - Schools and classes for the deaf in the United States. PMID- 7013454 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence using F(ab')2-immunoreagents for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen in lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7013456 TI - Supportive and rehabilitation programs and services. PMID- 7013457 TI - Research programs and services. PMID- 7013459 TI - Pharmacy ...and the Food and Drug Law. PMID- 7013458 TI - Angiotensin inhibition in severe heart failure: acute central and limb hemodynamic effects of captopril with observations on sustained oral therapy. AB - The systemic, pulmonary, and limb circulatory responses to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, were determined in 10 patients with severe, chronic heart failure. Immediate effects include sustained reductions in arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improvement in cardiac output, as reported with other vasodilator drugs. Calf vascular resistance did not change despite substantial lowering of total systemic vascular resistance, indicating that arteriolar dilatation occurred on a selective basis. Transient reduction in mean right atrial pressure paralleled slight calf venodilatation, but effects upon the resistance vasculature predominated. Plasma renin activity and norepinephrine concentrations increased after therapy in the acute phase as plasma aldosterone levels consistently fell. During maintenance oral treatment over 7 to 15 months (median, 11.5 months), patients displayed symptomatic benefit, improved functional capacity, and greater exercise tolerance. No major adverse reactions developed. These findings suggest that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in congestive heart failure patients improved cardiocirculatory function through selective arteriolar dilatation. The reordering of regional blood flow which appears to result from release of angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction, as well as the suppression of aldosterone, may underlie the prolonged benefit observed in these patients. This oral vasodilator appears to represent an effective adjunct for the treatment of advanced, chronic heart failure refractory to conventional measures. PMID- 7013461 TI - Platelet function studies in coronary artery disease. X. Effect of dipyridamole. AB - To evaluate the effects of dipyridamole on blood platelet function in patients with coronary artery disease, platelet counts and aggregation were examined in aortic and coronary venous blood. Before administration of dipyridamole, platelet counts and aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate were less (p less than 0.02) in coronary venous than in aortic blood. Dipyridamole administration (100 mg) resulted in an increase in platelet counts and platelet aggregation in coronary venous blood so that the differences in aortic and coronary venous blood values were eliminated. These phenomena were probably related to inhibitory actions of dipyridamole on platelet adhesion to atherosclerotic vessels. To further study the mechanism of action, the direct effects of dipyridamole on in vitro platelet aggregation were evaluated. Although dipyridamole, in the concentrations used, had no effect on in vitro platelet aggregation, it greatly potentiated the aggregation inhibitory actions of exogenous prostacyclin. In vivo potentiation of endogenous prostacyclin and inhibitory actions on platelet adhesion are the most likely mechanisms of the potentially beneficial actions of dipyridamole. PMID- 7013460 TI - Lung cancer in ferrous foundry workers: a review. AB - Epidemiologic studies indicate that an increased incidence of lung cancer may be associated with specific work areas in ferrous foundries. With the exception of crane operators, who were found to have an elevated lung cancer rate in one foundry, the excess lung cancer incidence is generally confined to molders, casters, and cleaning room operators whose lung cancer risk is two- to threefold higher than that of standard populations. These studies reflect conditions that existed in the foundries several decades ago. The lung cancer risk today may differ as a result of the introduction of new foundry practices and the use of new molding materials. Benzo(a)pyrene and certain other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been found in many locations in the foundries. It is not known if tumor promoters, co-carcinogens, or other classes of chemical carcinogens are present. The contribution of tobacco smoke to the lung cancer risk of ferrous foundry workers is also unknown. Current studies are examining the composition and long-term health effects of emissions from molds composed of modern synthetic chemical molding materials as well as those from the more traditional green sand molds. PMID- 7013462 TI - Seasonal changes in prolactin and growth hormone cells in the hypophyses of white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) studied by light microscopic immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. AB - Numerous investigators have shown a relationship between basal serum prolactin (PRL) levels and photoperiod in domestic ungulates, and we have shown recently that a similar seasonal baseline serum PRL profile exists in both sexes of a captive but free-breeding population of white-tailed deer. In order to localize and describe the distribution and possible seasonal changes of PRL and growth hormone (GH) cells in the adenohypophyses of deer, we have used antisera raised against ovine PRL and bovine GH and the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique, in conjunction with point counting morphometry. In addition, we have measured seasonal changes in pituitary PRL concentrations in this same population, using a heterologous application of a recently developed homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ovine PRL. Our results show that GH and PRL cells comprise two morphologically separate and immunologically distinct populations. Growth hormone cells were distributed evenly throughout the gland, except in the zona tuberalis, and males had a slightly greater volume density of immunoreactive GH than females; however, there were no differences between sexes in the average size of these cells, and little seasonal change was observed in these cell populations. In contrast to GH cells, the volume density of PRL cells, the size of PRL cells, and the pituitary concentration of RIA--measurable PRL all showed marked seasonal changes in deer of both sexes. These changes were well correlated with one another and with previously reported changes in basal serum levels (in these animals), in that they all reached zenith during midsummer, and nadir in midwinter. Our results demonstrate the necessity of reporting the time of year and latitude (to specify photoperiod) in studies concerning PRL cell physiology, particularly when dealing with any wild animal population. PMID- 7013463 TI - An elementary introduction to stereology (quantitative microscopy). AB - Stereology is a branch of applied mathematics used for the three-dimensional analysis of organs and materials from two-dimensional measurements. Stereologic methods are versatile, easily understood, and simply applied. This paper provides anatomists with a practical guide to stereologic techniques and concepts and to ancillary morphometric methods. These methods allow investigators to calculate volume, surface, and numerical densities; make shape determinations; and calculate size distributions for spheres and rotatory ellipsoids. Other topics covered in this article include sampling methods, correction factors for shrinkage and section thickness, index of folding, automated and semiautomated image analysis, and three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. PMID- 7013464 TI - Osteogenesis and leukopoiesis within diffusion-chamber implants of isolated bone marrow subpopulations. AB - The developmental potential of isolated rabbit bone marrow cell populations was examined following autogeneous implantation into diffusion chambers. After 4 weeks, the implants were harvested and processed for light and electron microscopy. More total tissue was formed in abdominally implanted chambers than in corresponding femoral chambers. Two of the separated marrow cell populations produced significantly greater amounts of fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and bone than did whole-marrow controls. These two populations, which were defined by density gradients of 1.050-1.055 gm/cm3 and 1.064-1.067 gm/cm3, consistently produced a fibrous connective tissue nodule in which were found dispersed foci of hyaline cartilage and woven bone. The denser population was distinguished further by the presence of leukopoietic foci in several of the implant chambers. Cartilage foci were found predominantly towards the center of the tissue nodules, whereas bone was dominant towards the periphery. Blood vessels, osteoclasts, bone remodeling, and mature lamellar bone were found only in those chambers which had been penetrated by the host's vascular system. The results indicate that 1) normal marrow tissue contains two separate osteoprogenitor cell populations; 2) these two progenitor populations represent separate osteogenic and chondrogenic capabilities; 3) one of these populations possesses a leukopoietic as well as an osteogenic potential; and 4) a competent vascular system is essential for the remodelling of bone into mature bone organs. PMID- 7013466 TI - Placental factors conditioning fetal nutrition and growth. PMID- 7013465 TI - Characterization of seasonal changes in prolactin and growth hormone cells in the hypophyses of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus borealis) by ultrastructural and immunocytochemical techniques. AB - Prolactin and GH cells were identified in thin sections taken from the adenohypophyses of adult male (6) and female (8) white-tailed deer, collected during all seasons of the year, by locating portions of the same cells in adjacent thick plastic sections immunostained for either PRL or GH. Growth hormone cells were round to ovoid in shape and filled with dense spherical secretory granules which ranged in size from 168 to 682 nm, with a mean diameter of 367 +/- 18 nm (X +/- SD) in the 14 glands studied. No apparent seasonal changes were evident in the ultrastructural appearance of GH cells. Prolactin cells were small and angular in shape during the winter months and contained only a few small secretory granules. By early summer, they wee markedly hypertrophied, round to oval in shape, and densely packed with large spherical secretory granules. The increase in size of PRL secretory granules was most prominent in pregnant females in May, when their mean diameter was approximately double than in midwinter. The ultrastructural appearance of PRL cells in September was similar to that of cells studied in March. The size distribution of PRL secretory granules overlapped that of the GH granules, ranging from 114 to 564 nm, and the mean diameter was 246 +/- 53 nm, calculated from all 14 individual glands. Our observations suggest that the synthesis and secretion of PRL are closely linked to photoperiodic changes in this species, and they demonstrate the necessity of using specific immunocytochemical techniques in the ultrastructural identification of pituitary acidophils, and of specifying the time of year and location (specifies photoperiod) in studies concerning PRL physiology, particularly when dealing with wild animal populations. PMID- 7013468 TI - An evaluation of burn wound quantitative microbiology. I. Quantitative eschar cultures. AB - The reliability of quantitative data from burn wound biopsy cultures was investigated. This was done by comparing the recovery of microorganisms from a series of burn wound eschar biopsy specimens that were each divided into two approximately equal portions and cultured in parallel. The results indicate that a microorganism present in the burn wound site in any quantity has at least a 25% chance of being missed by a single quantitative eschar culture. For recovery levels corresponding to quantitative breakpoints that have been proposed to be predictive of burn wound sepsis, only 38% of paired quantitative results agreed within the same log10 unit, and 44% differed by +/- 2 log10 units or more. These findings indicate that quantitative results derived from burn wound biopsy cultures are unreliable and may be significantly misleading when used for decision-making relative to patient care. PMID- 7013467 TI - Fluorescent enzyme immunoassay for antibody to single- or double-stranded DNA. AB - Fluorescent enzyme immunoassays have been developed for antibody to either single stranded (ssDNA) or double-stranded (dsDNA) DNA. Preliminary testing of several clinically distinct groups of persons is consistent with the suggestion that the former assay (anti-ssDNA antibody) has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be used as a generalized test for the detection of possible systemic lupus erythematosus in a heterogeneous clinical population. Further evaluation may ultimately establish its utility in the diagnosis of other related disorders. The sensitivity and specificity of the anti-dsDNA antibody fluorescent enzyme immunoassay are compatible with its use as a confirmatory test in the laboratory diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Qualitative comparisons between both assays and the more classic laboratory procedures involved in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were quite favorable. The enzyme immunoassay method appears to be acceptably reproducible, and rheumatoid factor has neither a suppressive nor an enhancing effect on test values. PMID- 7013469 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in hepatocytes of elderly persons with liver disease. AB - Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens of the liver from three elderly persons (aged 77, 71, and 66) demonstrated eosinophilic intracytoplasmic globules within hepatocytes, particularly in the periportal and periseptal areas. These globules were periodic acid-Schiff positive and diastase resistant, and were identified as alpha-1-antitrypsin by immunofluorescence technics. Two of the patients had cirrhosis, and identification of protease inhibitor (Pi) type by acid starch electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated SZ and MZ genotypes. The patient with SZ genotype also had a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pi-typing was not performed for the third patient, who did not have cirrhosis. The morphologic identification of alpha-1-antitrypsin disease in liver biopsies of persons of any age is important because of (1) possible multisystem involvement (hepatic and pulmonary), (2) increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma, and (3) implications for genetic counseling for other family members. PMID- 7013470 TI - Primary embryonal-choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum in a woman. A case report with immunohistochemical study. AB - Primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are extremely rare among females. This report describes such a tumor arising in the mediastinum of a 26 year-old woman and correlates immunohistochemical studies of the neoplasm with serum tumor markers. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed an embryonal carcinoma with choriocarcinoma, the latter consisting of sheets of polygonal cells intimately related to multinucleate giant cells that contained beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) when stained immunohistochemically. The serum beta-HCG level at the time of diagnosis was 8,300 mU/ml and remained elevated throughout the patient's course. Alpha-fetoprotein was not detected in serum or tissue. Postoperative chemotherapy failed to control the growth of the tumor, and the patient died as a result of massive intrathoracic tumor involvement. At autopsy, metastases were found in two periaortic lymph nodes and in the liver. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of ovarian disease. This case illustrates the typical behavior of malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum, rare among females and infrequently described in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed immunohistochemical study of a mediastinal germ cell tumor in a female. PMID- 7013471 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in a child asymptomatic for hepatitis B virus. Concomitant seropositivity for HBsAG and anti-HBs. AB - The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in association with immunoglobulins and complement components within the glomerular basement membranes of adults having chronic active hepatitis has been well documented. In addition, investigators in Poland have demonstrated HBsAg immune complexes in glomeruli of children who did not have clinical evidence of hepatitis. More recently, a single case of childhood membranous glomerulonephritis in an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus was cited by observers in Canada. Reported here is the deposition of HBsAg immune complexes in the glomerular basement membranes of a 13-year-old black boy who had membranous glomerulopathy but not clinical evidence of hepatitis. This may be the first reported case in the United States of HbsAg-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in a child asymptomatic for hepatitis B virus, and only the second such case in North America. However, unlike previous studies of childhood glomerulopathy in association with hepatitis B virus, this patient is seropositive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs (antibody for hepatitis B surface antigen). Similar "rare" serologic findings were found for the patient's eldest male sib. PMID- 7013472 TI - Primary tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by antibodies to proximal tubular antigens. AB - Acute oliguric renal failure requiring hemodialysis developed in a 59-year-old man who had myasthenia gravis. A renal biopsy on day 21 was diagnostic of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Despite regular hemodialysis, the patient died of complications 17 weeks after the onset of oliguria. At post-mortem examination, a thymoma was found, and renal histopathology indicated tubulointerstitial nephritis and concomitant generalized epimembranous and intramembranous electron dense deposits of glomerular capillary walls. By direct immunofluorescence, immunoglobulins and C'3 were visualized in peritubular granular deposits around proximal tubules, but not on glomeruli. The renal acid-eluate contained immunoglobulins that bound to proximal tubule brush border, intracellular cytoplasmic granules, and a granular antigen probably associated with basement membrane of proximal tubule cells of normal human kidney and the patient's kidney, whereas the patient's serum apparently contained antibodies only to proximal tubule brush border. The renal eluate did not bind to normal or the patient's glomeruli, and partial elution of the patient's kidney did not expose new binding sites for the eluate. The data indicate a unique instance of tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by antibodies to multiple proximal tubule antigens apparently forming immune complexes in situ. PMID- 7013473 TI - Fatal veno-occlusive disease of the liver following high-dose 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - Veno-occlusive disease of the liver has recently been reported to occur in patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy together with total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation for malignancies. Reported is a case of a 22-year old woman with disseminated diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in whom fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease developed two and one-half weeks following high-dose 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) (BCNU) therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. This appears to be the first report of this entity in association with high-dose BCNU employed as a single chemotherapeutic agent. PMID- 7013475 TI - Attributable risk for recurrent events: an extension of Levin's measure. PMID- 7013474 TI - Cytologic evidence for disseminated immunoblastic lymphoma. AB - Immunoblastic lymphoma developed in an 18-year-old woman during her first pregnancy. The disseminated nature of the disease was documented cytologically in samples of sputum, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, and histologically in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. Successful termination of her pregnancy and aggressive chemotherapy resulted in a complete remission both clinically and cytologically. Cytologic examination of body fluids is presented as a noninvasive adjunct to conventional staging and management of patients who have malignant diseases. PMID- 7013476 TI - Salmonellosis in reptiles: a review. PMID- 7013477 TI - Insulin adsorption to an air-eliminating inline filter. PMID- 7013478 TI - Topics in microbiology, 1979: #6. PMID- 7013479 TI - Therapeutic drug analysis and the clinical laboratory. AB - This paper presents a general review of the rapidly expanding area of therapeutic drug monitoring and discusses the reasons for measuring serum drug levels. The assay methods commonly used in the clinical laboratory--including gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, enzyme multiplied immunoassay and fluorescent immunoassay--are discussed. Unique characteristics of the commonly monitored drugs are presented. PMID- 7013480 TI - Blood donors and non-donors: a review of the research. AB - This review complements a report by Oswalt who reviewed blood donor motivation and recruitment. Thirty-one studies were reviewed that provided insight into blood donor motivation, blood donor characteristics, blood donor personality, and non-donor motivation. From the review, it was possible to draw conclusions regarding: 1) the most often identified reasons why donors give blood; 2) characteristics of donors; 3) personality traits of donors; and 4) the most often identified reasons why non-donors do not give blood. PMID- 7013481 TI - Florence Nightingale: early feminist. PMID- 7013482 TI - Maternal blood group and colonization with the group B streptococcus. AB - A recent report showing a significant association of maternal blood type B and cervical colonization with the group B streptococcus prompted this review of blood types and vaginal group B streptococcal colonization. No association of blood type and group B streptococcal colonization was found. Possible reasons for the difference in results are discussed, and further research is suggested. PMID- 7013483 TI - A new approach to the treatment of diabetic pregnant women. PMID- 7013485 TI - Retropubic urethrocystopexy: vaginal approach. AB - A modification of the classic Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) operation which includes suspending the urethrovesical junction to the pubis by the vaginal approach is presented. This offers the advantages of a shorter operating time, the lack of an abdominal incision, and the concomitant repair of other pelvic anatomic defects through the vagina, with a cure rate at least equal to, if not better than, that associated with the abdominal route. The study group of 25 patients had less morbidity, a 1-day decrease in hospital stay, and 1 1/2 fewer days of catheter drainage compared to a matched control group of MMK operations done abdominally in this preliminary report. A 96% cure and improvement rate of the symptoms of stress incontinence was shown at the 6-week postoperative visit. This compares to a 92% rate in the control series of abdominal MMKs. The permanency of the procedure will have to be evaluated critically as more cases are added and sufficient time elapses to see if these good initial results hold up. PMID- 7013484 TI - Enterocele, vaginal prolapse, pelvic hernia: recognition and treatment. AB - Notable cul-de-sac relaxations or defects in 624 patients included 49 small pelvic hernias, 551 enteroceles (265 small, 200 medium-sized, and 86 large), and 24 cases of total vaginal prolapse. Methods of recognition are described, and one is illustrated. Four methods of operative treatment are described briefly, and two of these are illustrated. Long-term postoperative follow-up is documented. Factors which may influence the development and evolution of enteroceles are discussed. PMID- 7013486 TI - A histopathologic study of the position of the shearing intraocular lens in the posterior chamber. AB - Three human eyes that had successfully undergone Shearing posterior-chamber intraocular lens implants were examined post mortem. Supporting loops of these lenses were located deep within the ciliary body adjacent to a major ciliary artery (the superior loop in two cases), within the ciliary sulcus (the superior loop in one case), within the lens capsule bag (the inferior loop in two cases), and embedded within the iris stroma (the inferior loop in one case). PMID- 7013487 TI - Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - Three patients with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma underwent treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and irradiation. All three patients have survived an average of 36 months after treatment, significantly longer than would have been expected with radiation therapy alone. The chemotherapy appears to arrest the progression of central nervous system disease that eventually kills most patients with ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. PMID- 7013488 TI - History of the occupational therapy medicare amendments. PMID- 7013490 TI - The 90th anniversary of Maklakov's applanation tonometer. PMID- 7013489 TI - Peripheral visual acuity: Th. Wertheim. PMID- 7013491 TI - A selected review of retinal research and study. AB - Fifty papers were selected from the American and British Journals of Ophthalmology and the Archives of Ophthalmology from July 1978 to June 1979. Topics include retinal pigment epithelium, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, toxoplasmosis, and histoplasmosis. Also, other retinopathies, maculopathies, retinoblastoma, retrolental fibroplasia, and retinal breaks, holes, and detachments were included. PMID- 7013492 TI - Effect of surface contamination on band retention. AB - Laboratory investigations on the retention of orthodontic bands have been concerned with testing the retentive strength of different cements. This study reported here was designed to evaluate the effect of tooth-surface contamination on band retention. Zinc phosphate, silicophosphate, and polycarboxylate (powder: liquid ratio 1.5:1 and 1:1) cements were each tested on different groups of ten teeth. Preformed bands were selected, prepared, and cemented under controlled conditions. Specially designed jigs were used for cementing and for testing. For each cement, the tooth surfaces were pretreated prior to cementing as follows: (1) cleaned with pumice, (2) covered with wet saliva, (3) covered with saliva which was allowed to dry, and (4) covered with liquid paraffin. All specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C. for 1 week prior to testing. Retention values were established by determining the tensile load required to dislodge the band divided by the surface area of the band. The retention of bands cemented with zinc phosphate and silicophosphate cements was unaffected by contamination of the enamel. The presence of dry saliva and of liquid paraffin significantly reduced the retention of bands cemented with polycarboxylate (P:L 1,5:1) (P less than 0.01). Only the presence of dry saliva reduced band retention when polycarboxylate (P:L 1:1) was used (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7013494 TI - The in vivo quantitation and kinetics of monocyte migration into acute inflammatory tissue. AB - Mononuclear leukocytes isolated from the blood of rabbits, were labeled with 51Cr and returned to the animal intravenously. 51Cr-labeled monocytes disappeared from the blood with a half-life of 39.0 +/- 2.51 hours. Numerous acute inflammatory lesions were produced by the intradermal injection of Escherichia coli into the skin of the back of a rabbit. The animal was sacrificed after 1 hour, and the radioactivity in each lesion was determined. Monocyte accumulation was substantial by the time a lesion was 1 hour old. The maximum rate of accumulation occurred at 3--4 hours, and monocytes continued to enter the lesions at 25% of the maximal rate for at least 24 hours. Monocytes initially migrate into bacterial inflammatory sites simultaneously with neutrophils and histologically become the predominant cell type after 12 hours because they continue to migrate into these lesions long after neutrophils have stopped. The kinetics of monocyte migration is related to other aspects of inflammation. PMID- 7013495 TI - Effects of altered adipose tissue morphology on plasma insulin levels in the rat. AB - The usual covariates of adiposity--adipocyte size, total body fat, and food intake--were experimentally dissociated using three new models of altered adipose tissue morphology in the rat. It was thereby possible to test the hypothesis that plasma immunoreactive insulin level (IRI) is a function of mean adipocyte size. In two of the models, experimental and control rats differ substantially in total body fat but show no difference in mean adipocyte size. In these models, no difference in plasma IRI was found between experimental and control animals. In a third model, experimental and control rats differ in mean adipocyte size but not in total body fat or daily food intake. In this model, plasma IRI was found to differ between experimental and control rats. These observations demonstrate a close link between adipocyte size and plasma IRI and suggest that the hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance of obesity are more likely due to adipocyte hypertrophy than to increases in total body fat or daily food intake. PMID- 7013496 TI - Adrenergic regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion during immobilization stress in normal and spontaneously diabetic BB rats. AB - To test for a possible role of adrenergic mechanisms in the altered glucagon secretion in the spontaneously diabetic "BB" rat, the responses of glucose, insulin, and glucagon to adrenergic blocking agents in diabetic and normal rats were compared at rest and during 2 h of immobilization stress. In unstressed normal rats, phentolamine alone caused a 20 mg/dl fall in glycemia, 1.2 ng/ml rise in insulin (IRI), and no change in glucagon (IRG), whereas the only effect of propranolol was a minor rise in glycemia. Stress caused increments in glycemia of 72 mg/dl and in IRG of 94 pg/ml, and no change in IRI. Phentolamine significantly attenuated the stress-related increments, and IRI increased by the same amount as in the unstressed state. Propranolol exhibited no statistically significant effects on the response to stress. These findings are consistent with alpha-adrenergic stimulation of IRG and suppression of IRI secretion. In unstressed diabetic rats (mean time 0 glycemia, 431 mg/dl), propranolol caused only a small rise in glycemia, whereas phentolamine induced marked increments of glycemia (131 mg/dl) and IRG (116 pg/ml). Stress alone did likewise (189 mg/dl, 122 pg/ml) as did stress with the phentolamine (271 mg/dl, 144 pg/ml). However propranolol significantly attenuated the stress-induced increments in glycemia (88 mg/dl) and IRG (82 pg/ml). Thus both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors influence IRG secretion in the diabetic rats. An in vivo model for elucidating neural control of glucoregulation has been developed that is independent of cardiovascular fitness. PMID- 7013497 TI - Satiety and inhibition of vasopressin secretion after drinking in dehydrated dogs. AB - The roles of oropharyngeal and gastric factors in satiation and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion were examined in water-deprived dogs. Dogs were prepared with chronic gastric fistulas and received six treatments after 24 h of water deprivation: rehydration with H2O or extracellular fluid (ECF) with the fistula closed; rehydration with H2O or ECF with the fistula open; gastric administration of H2O or ECF via the fistula. Drinking occurred immediately after presentation and was always completed by 6 min. At the end of the 60-min period of observation, water was offered in order to assess the degree of satiety. No differences were observed between the volumes of H2O or ECF consumed. However, only absorption of the water drunk produced complete satiety assessed 60 min later. Drinking H2O caused a fall in plasma AVP 6 min before a detectable decline in osmolality and reached water-replete levels by 15 min after drinking. Drinking H2O or ECF plus removal via the fistula and drinking ECF also brought about a rapid decline in plasma AVP without any change in plasma osmolality. Gastric administration of H2O caused a fall in plasma AVP that coincided with the fall in osmolality, and gastric administration of ECF had no effect on plasma AVP. We conclude that oropharyngeal factors account for temporary satiety and the rapid inhibition of vasopressin secretion. PMID- 7013498 TI - Removal and excretion of immunoreactive rat growth hormone by the isolated kidney. AB - The renal uptake of immunoreactive rat growth hormone (rGH), molecular weight 21,500 daltons, was examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney to determine whether peritubular removal of a protein greater than 12,000 daltons occurs and to assess the functional characteristics of renal GH uptake. Organ clearance of rGH (OCGH) in control kidneys was 1,039 +/- 99 microliters/min and was unaffected by an excess of insulin but markedly depressed by col (10 degrees C( and KCN. Although glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not differ significantly from OCGH in the control rats, we suspected that filtration could not account for all the rGH removed because of glomerular protein sieving. However, GFR was significantly less than OCGH with cold and KCN treatment, indicating the occurrence of peritubular removal. In nonfiltering kidneys, rGH removal exceeded that of [14C]inulin (P less than 0.05), demonstrating peritubular rGH removal. Tubular absorption of rGH was unaffected by insulin but markedly depressed by cold and KCN. We conclude that rGH is removed from the renal circulation mainly by the glomerular filtration-tubular absorptive pathway, but, in addition, as with smaller proteins, that peritubular removal occurs. PMID- 7013499 TI - Four basic characteristics of the gastrin-cholecystokinin system. AB - The gastrointestinal peptide hormones, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), display four molecular characteristics. 1) Homology. Sequences of the primary structures are identical. Because the identity comprises the active site, the homology is functionally important. The homology reflects evolution from a common ancestor. 2) Heterogeneity. Each hormone exists in different molecular forms in any single species. The heterogeneity comprises both variations in lengths of the polypeptide backbone, "macroheterogeneity," and derivatizations of single amino acid residues, "microheterogeneity." Both types of modification govern the biological potency. The heterogeneity reflects enzymatic modifications of the primary ribosomal translation product. 3) Ubiquity. Each hormone is synthetized in different cell types, which are localized in gastrointestinal as well as extra gastrointestinal tissues. The cell type determines the route by which the active peptide(s) reaches its target, either via blood (endocrine secretion) or by local release (neurocrine and paracrine secretion). Inasmuch as all cells contain gastrin and CCK genes, the variable expression probably reflects differentiation in development of the posttranscriptional biosynthetic machinery. 4) Differential principality. In different tissues and cells, different molecular forms may predominate. Moreover, one form is more potent with respect to one effect (e.g., CCK-8 in relation to pancreatic exocrine secretion), whereas another form (CCK-4) is more potent with respect to another effect (pancreatic endocrine secretion). Together the differential principality and secretory routes (blood borne or local) ensure that gastrin and CCK peptides regulate their targets with optimal effect in spite of the heterogeneity and wide distribution, which otherwise might cause disturbing interactions and subsequent inefficacy. The key to a better understanding of the basis characteristics is knowledge about the evolution and expression of the structural gene(s) for gastrin and CCK. Acquisition of such knowledge will be of considerable value, since available evidence suggests that the gastrin-CCK system is a good model for general features of regulatory peptides. PMID- 7013500 TI - Hormonal regulation of canine intestinal cholesterol synthesis. AB - Hormonal regulation of intestinal cholesterol synthesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Cholesterol synthesis rate was determined by measurement of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity and by incorporation [14C]acetate into sterol. In vitro studies utilized organ culture of canine ileal mucosa. During 6-h culture, reductase activity was stimulated sevenfold. Insulin (10-6 M) augmented this rise to 144 +/- 7% of th control activity, while 10(-8) M glucagon, 10(-3) M adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine suppressed activity (final reductase activity was 83 +/- 3%, 75 +/- 4%, and 41 +/- 3%, respectively, of cultured control values). In vivo studies utilized dogs with isolated Thiry-Vella ileal fistulas. In vivo, insulin doubled reductase activity while glucagon led to a 42 +/- 9% suppression. It is concluded that insulin and glucagon may be potential physiological regulators of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. The glucagon effect may be mediated by cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 7013501 TI - Release of acetylcholine in the isolated heart. AB - This article summarizes methods for studying release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the heart and reviews the literature on release, synthesis, and inactivation of ACh. Cholinergic mechanisms involved in cardiac neuroeffector transmission are, in principle, the same as in ganglia and motor endplates, but their relative functional significance exhibits unique features. First, release of ACh evoked by nerve stimulation is maintained at a high level due to rapid formation of free extracellular choline from phospholipids. Choline derived from ACh hydrolysis plays a minor role in ACh synthesis. The constant efflux of choline allows continuous monitoring of changes in formation and removal of extracellular choline, e.g., by activation of neuronal uptake during nerve stimulation. Second, ACh released from terminal nerve fibers is rapidly washed into the circulation and thereby escapes hydrolysis by cholinesterase activity to a functionally significant extent. Hydrolysis and diffusion appear as equally important mechanisms of transmitter inactivation in the heart. The cardiac neuroeffector junction is not a morphological or functional entity restricted to adjacent pre- and postsynaptic elements. PMID- 7013502 TI - Transcapillary osmotic flows in the in vitro perfused heart. AB - Hearts were removed from rabbits anesthetized with pentobarbitol sodium, heparinized, and then perfused through the aorta with Ringer solution. Addition of sucrose to the perfusate caused an osmotic transcapillary flow (Jv). Measurements of Jv with two independent methods, one using the rate of organ weight change and the other the variation of effluent concentration of an impermeant dye (Blue dextran), agreed very closely, giving an initial Jv per unit concentration and wet heart weight of 0.306 (microliters/s) (mmol/l).g (corrected for viscosity, 25 degrees C). Because dye dilution was free of vascular volume interference, its agreement with weight measurements suggests that vascular volume changes were relatively small. Measurements using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes supported the above conclusion. The effect of temperature and concentration on Jv was ascribed to viscosity changes. Organ condition remained stable for several hours, based on maximum ventricular pressure (107 +/- 6.4 cmH2O) and dP/dt (1,145 +/- 98 cmH2O/s) values close to those in blood-perfused rabbit hearts. Repeat weight response to osmotic testing showed approximately 5% variation during an experiment. PMID- 7013493 TI - Immunologic diagnosis and monitoring of human acute leukemias: a review. PMID- 7013503 TI - Effects of indomethacin in dogs with acute and chronic renovascular hypertension. AB - This study examines the role that prostaglandins play in both the developmental and chronic phases of renovascular hypertension. Two 5-mg/kg doses of indomethacin were given to conscious dogs with renal denervation and receiving propranolol during the acute and chronic phases of one-kidney (1-KHT) and the acute phase of two-kidney (2-KHT) renovascular hypertension. Indomethacin produced striking reductions in plasma renin activity from the high level observed during the acute phase of both 1-KHT and 2-KHT. However, plasma renin activity failed to return to normal, and the hypertensive level of pressure decreased only slightly. In the chronic 1-KHT dogs, indomethacin did not lower plasma renin activity or mean arterial blood pressure unless plasma renin activity was elevated above the normal level. Also, indomethacin failed to alter renal function during the acute phase of 1-KHT but effective renal plasma flow fell during chronic 1-KHT. These results suggest that, in the dog, renal prostaglandins are involved in the pathogenesis of both acute 1-KHT and 2-KHT, whereas the role of renal prostaglandins in the regulation of arterial pressure appears to be negligible in chronic 1-KHT except during superimposed sodium depletion or severe hypertension. The data indicate that prostaglandins are involved in renovascular hypertension in the dog only under conditions where plasma renin activity is elevated. It is suggested that the release of renin after renal artery constriction is mediated by the vascular receptor that is at least partially independent of renal prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7013506 TI - Radiation injury in surgical pathology. Part II. Alimentary tract. PMID- 7013507 TI - Samuel Clemens and family: the Hartford connection and Hartford physicians. PMID- 7013504 TI - Regulation of coenzyme A synthesis in heart muscle: effects of diabetes and fasting. AB - Regulation of coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis was studied in the isolated perfused rat heart. Incorporation of [14C]pantothenic acid ([14C]PA) into CoA was determined to estimate rates of CoA synthesis. Although CoA levels were elevated in hearts removed from fasted and diabetic animals, in vitro rates of CoA synthesis were not elevated. The presence of 1.2 mM palmitate, 5 mM pyruvate, or 10 mM beta hydroxybutyrate in the perfusate-reduced PA incorporation into CoA in control hearts by 40, 60, and 80%, respectively. Insulin (25 mU/ml) reduced incorporation by 90%. The alterations in CoA synthesis in hearts perfused with buffer containing palmitate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and insulin were associated with no change in myocardial PA uptake. Data indicate that these substrates and insulin inhibit the first step in the pathway of CoA synthesis, pantothenate kinase. Because insulin is a strong inhibitor of CoA synthesis in vitro, decreased circulating levels of insulin in fasted and diabetic animals may account for the increased levels of CoA in vivo. PMID- 7013505 TI - Electrophysiological effects of insulin on normal and depressed cardiac tissues. AB - The electrophysiological effects of insulin were studied in canine false tendons (FT) and papillary muscles from kittens and rats. Insulin caused hyperpolarization (2-8 mV) and an increase in action potential (AP) amplitude. However, the rate of rise and duration of the AP, the slope of phase 4 depolarization and conduction velocity were unchanged in the normal tissues. In preparations depressed spontaneously or by stretch or low pH (6.7), hyperpolarization was larger than observed in normal tissues. Insulin partially normalized electrophysiological parameters under these conditions but not in the presence of anoxia (95% N2). The membrane resistances of normal canine FT and kitten papillary muscles were not changed by insulin. Blockade of K channels by CsCl doubled hyperpolarization induced by the hormone. Insulin effects were abolished by cold (21 degrees C), ouabain (3-9 X 10(-7) M), or acetylstrophanthidin (0.5-3 X 10(-6) M). Overdrive hyperpolarization was enhanced by insulin. These experiments suggest that insulin-induced hyperpolarization is mediated by activation of the electrogenic Na pump and not by a change in membrane conductance. PMID- 7013508 TI - Sphincterotomy or sphincteroplasty in the treatment of pathologically mild chronic pancreatitis. AB - We reviewed 67 patients with a mild to moderate degree of chronic pancreatitis, 33 of whom had sphincterotomy and 34 of whom had sphincteroplasty of the sphincter of Oddi and the sphincter of the pancreatic duct. The cause of the pancreatitis was idiopathic in 35 and probably alcoholic in 32. Initial relief of symptoms at 6 months was acceptable in both groups (mean, 64 percent), but thereafter decreased at 2 years and 5 years postoperatively to significant relief in only 48 and 44 percent of patients, respectively. The more complex sphincteroplasty appears to offer no advantage over the simpler sphincterotomy in the management of patients with pain of pancreatitis. In the patients who were alcoholics, avoidance of alcohol seems to be a much more important determinant of the outcome of the operation than the operation itself. PMID- 7013509 TI - Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients. AB - Legionnaires disease, which is commonly manifested as pneumonia, was only recently recognized to be a bacterial infection. Diagnosis can be difficult because Gram's stain does not readily stain the bacterium in pulmonary secretions, the organism is not readily cultured, and legionellae is not affected by many commonly used antibiotics. In a retrospective review of all of our transplant patients, we identified 14 cases of Legionnaires' disease after 101 renal transplants. The patients characteristically had high fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, dyspnea and an unproductive cough accompanied by radiographic changes of consolidating pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining, culture on special media or increases in serum titers of legionella antibodies in surviving patients. Since the recognition of Legionnaires' disease in 1977, we have successfully treated seven renal transplant patients using erythromycin with or without rifampin. PMID- 7013511 TI - Treatment os severe atrial injuries. AB - Four cases of severe atrial trauma are presented. These cases are unusual because of the magnitude of injury and because of their presentation in hospitals not usually involved in cardiac surgery. Three of the patients had blunt atrial injury. We found only 21 other successfully treated blunt atrial tears in our search of the world's literature. In patients with blunt atrial injuries, the setting of a high speed vehicle accident, significant chest trauma, hypotension, mental confusion and increased venous pressure should alert the emergency physician to the possibility of cardiac rupture. The use of simple operative techniques and the knowledge that most cardiac ruptures repaired successfully involve the atrium may help the surgeon produce a successful outcome. PMID- 7013512 TI - Independence of renin production and hypertension in abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - Seventeen patients undergoing elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm were examined to determine the causal mechanism for postoperative hypertension. In nine patients who had elevated systemic pressure after surgery, there were no correlations between mean arterial pressure and values of peripheral renin activity or angiotensin II. Further, no relation was demonstrated between systemic pressure and the volumes of crystalloid, colloid infused or milliequivalents of sodium administered pre- and intraoperatively. Postoperative arterial pressure correlated best with the preoperative value. PMID- 7013510 TI - Prospective controlled trial of cryoprecipitated plasma, plasma protein fraction and serum albumin solution for kidney preservation. AB - A controlled prospective study was conducted to compare the results of kidney preservation and transplantation in regard to the type of perfusate used for perfusion preservation. Cryoprecipitated plasma, plasma protein fraction and serum albumin solution were used as perfusate. Between February 1979 and July 1980, 176 kidneys were preserved by one of these perfusates and transplanted. There was no statistically significant difference in the donor and recipient status, perfusion characteristics or graft and patient survival among the three groups. Synthetic perfusates are an acceptable alternative to cryoprecipitated plasma for perfusion preservation of cadaver kidneys. PMID- 7013514 TI - Running synthetic absorbable suture in abdominal wound closure. AB - One hundred thirty-four consecutive, unselected, primary, linear abdominal surgical incisions were closed with running polyglactin suture. The only wound complication was a single infection. No wound dehiscence, incisional hernia, late wound pain or suture sinus occurred. PMID- 7013513 TI - Tracheo-innominate artery fistula. AB - Two additional cases of tracheo-innominate artery fistula are presented. One patient survived after prompt surgical management. The emphasis is placed on prevention. However, when post-tracheostomy or post-tracheal resection is complicated by bleeding, the diagnosis of tracheo-innominate artery fistula must be considered. Only appropriate and immediate surgical intervention will save the patient. PMID- 7013515 TI - Reflections on Wangensteen's academic village. PMID- 7013516 TI - Segmental renal autotransplantation in a patient with a single kidney affected by arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm. AB - A 24 year old man with severe renovascular hypertension was diagnosed as having an arteriovenous malformation of the left kidney with an aneurysm of the renal artery 12 years after right nephrectomy. Surgical reconstruction proved unsuccessful, but subsequent autotransplantation of the lower segment of the kidney 18 hours later saved the patient. He made an excellent recovery and is now normotensive and able to lead a normal life. PMID- 7013517 TI - Ascending cholangitis secondary to a chicken bone lodged at the ampulla of Vater. PMID- 7013518 TI - Exercise and drill boards for surgical training. 10 year experience with a knot tying board. AB - For the past 10 years, the knot-tying board has served many students of surgery as a helpful teaching tool for the mastery of surgical knots. The early acquisition of basic surgical techniques by surgical trainees as dry runs, exercises and practice before in vivo trials is especially needed because of our present medical and legal atmosphere. The increasing inaccessibility of animal surgery to surgical students and trainees gives the practice or drill boards a more important and necessary role than in the past. With this in mind, we hope that the Operation Drill Board model we have developed will be as useful to students of surgery as the knot-tying board has been over the past 10 years. PMID- 7013519 TI - [Posturography and expert appraisal of cranio-cervical post-injury syndromes in sportsmen]. PMID- 7013521 TI - Tomorrow's self: Heinz Kohut's contribution to adolescent psychiatry. PMID- 7013520 TI - Why they were afraid of Virginia Woolf: perspectives on juvenile manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7013523 TI - [Information value of clinical genetic traits in predicting progeny in families having a child with developmental defects]. PMID- 7013524 TI - [Obstetrical anamnestic characteristics of the mothers of probands with anencephaly and myelocele]. PMID- 7013525 TI - [Medicogenetic consultation and the prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly]. PMID- 7013522 TI - [Kinetics and teratogenic action of ethyl alcohol]. PMID- 7013526 TI - [Genetic locus T/t system as a model of fetal molecular pathology]. PMID- 7013527 TI - [Chromosome rearrangements (balanced translocations) and their importance in perinatal pathology]. PMID- 7013528 TI - [Hirsutism]. PMID- 7013529 TI - [History of Bulgarian obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7013530 TI - [Significance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for endocrine diagnosis in women]. PMID- 7013531 TI - [Dermatoglyphic patterns of the hands in infants with meningocele, spina bifida and anencephaly]. PMID- 7013532 TI - [Pregnancy and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7013536 TI - Extrahepatic obstruction in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 7013534 TI - Alcohol research: an endangered species. PMID- 7013533 TI - [Sperm capacitation in mammals and man]. PMID- 7013537 TI - Effect of ethanol on formation of bile. AB - The effects of ethanol on bile formation have been studied in the rat, dog, and man, in both acute and chronic models. The acute and chronic effects differ. Given acutely, ethanol suppresses bile flow and bile acid secretion rate. Chronic administration appears to increase both components of canalicular flow and bile acid secretion rate. Intestinal and hepatic actions are probably involved in the latter effect. Secretion of other biliary lipids and diagnostic anions are also reduced by ethanol. PMID- 7013535 TI - The effect of ethanol on lipoprotein metabolism. AB - A major effect of ethanol on lipoprotein metabolism is the development of hypertriglyceridemia. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are secreted by the liver and intestine and undergo a two-stage sequential catabolism--first in peripheral tissues, and second in the liver--mediated in part by the associated apolipoproteins. The arguments for increased very low density lipoprotein production as an explanation for the hypertriglyceridemia are reviewed and found to be unconvincing. Experiments investigating the catabolism of chylomicrons are conflicting but appear on balance to suggest a catabolic defect. A potential relationship between plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and hepatic steatosis is considered. The lack of knowledge of the status of apolipoproteins in the setting of ethanol precludes definite conclusions, but defects in the incorporation or dissociation of the apolipoproteins on the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins could explain some of the ethanol-induced metabolic derangements. PMID- 7013538 TI - Racial differences in biological sensitivity to ethanol: the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. AB - Electrophoretic and kinetic studies of autopsy liver specimens from individuals of different racial groups revealed a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). About 85% of the Japanese livers had an atypical ADH and 52% of the livers an unusual ALDH. Only 13% of German liver specimens had the atypical ADH and none showed the unusual form of ALDH which lacks in the isozyme with low Km for acetaldehyde. Using hair roots as the source of ADH and ALDH, individuals showing sensitivity to ethanol were examined. Data on the distribution of phenotypes in random European and Japanese population as well as family studies suggest a direct relationship between the lack of low Km isozyme of ALDH and alcohol-induced biological sensitivity. Our findings suggest that the alcohol sensitivity quite common in individuals of Mongoloid origin might be due to delayed oxidation of acetaldehyde by an unusual type of ALDH. PMID- 7013539 TI - The effect of ethanol on heme and porphyrin synthesis. AB - Despite the inherent difficulties in interpreting in vivo data on the effects of alcohol, it appears quite evident that ethanol itself alters the metabolism of the porphyrins and in so doing directly influences heme and hemoglobin synthesis. The mechanism of ethanol-induced iron overload remains elusive but, through observing the effects of phlebotomies and rechallenge with iron, the relationships of iron and alcohol to porphyria cutanea tarda are being more clearly defined. The control mechanisms of porphyrin synthesis by endogenous factors may be part of a more general red blood cell regulatory apparatus. PMID- 7013540 TI - Evaluation of invasive diagnostic procedures in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7013541 TI - 12th Annual Medical-Scientific Conference of the National Alcoholism Forum, April 12-15, 1981, New Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts. PMID- 7013542 TI - A progressive diagnostic schema for alcoholism with evidence of clinical efficacy. AB - A diagnostic schema for alcoholism is described. Based upon the National Council on Alcoholism criteria for alcoholism diagnosis, this schema permits the classification of any client into one of five mutually exclusive diagnostic categories. The schema is applied to data from an independent study. A significant client-type by treatment-type interaction is reported as evidence of the schema's clinical utility. The discussion outlines the need for further diagnostic refinements within the criteria and suggests possible uses of the schema as a research tool. PMID- 7013544 TI - Night driving (mesopic) visual acuity in sober male alcoholics with and without liver disease. AB - Night driving (mesopic) visual acuity and recovery after dazzle has been reported to be reduced in patients with liver disease. Mesopic visual acuity and dazzle recovery were evaluated in 32 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 29 alcoholics without liver disease, and 27 age-matched normal controls. All subjects were sober for at least 7 days prior to visual testing, a mean sobriety period of 22 and 39 weeks in alcoholics and cirrhotics, respectively. Serum vitamin A levels and/or dark adaptation were normal in all. Mean best decimal acuities were not significantly different among the groups: alcoholic cirrhotics, 0.32 +/- 0.02; alcoholics, 0.32 +/- 0.02; and normals 0.33 +/- 0.03 at 2 min. Although cirrhotics had significantly higher SGOT and lower albumin levels than alcoholics, mesopic acuity did not relate to liver blood tests. Decimal acuity following a dazzle stimulus was not significantly worse in cirrhotics and alcoholics compared to normals. Sober patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or a history of alcoholism have no evidence of a static mesopic visual defect and therefore may not have impaired night driving vision. PMID- 7013543 TI - Neuropsychological effect of chronic alcoholism on tactual-spatial performance and memory in males. AB - To examine the hypothesis that the functioning of the right hemisphere is disrupted as a result of prolonged alcohol abuse, male middle-aged alcoholic patients and nonalcoholic controls were tested on the standard Tactual Performance Test (TPT) from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery or on a modified form of the TPT employing stimuli of low verbal codability. On the standard TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls on timed performance and memory for TPT figures but not for location. Analysis of the pattern of timed performance indicated the presence of an alcohol-related deficit for the left hand; however, right-hand scores were not impaired in alcoholic patients. For the modified TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls for level but not pattern of timed performance; memory for TPT figures was impaired in alcoholic patients although location scores were not. The standard and modified TPT were found to discriminate alcoholic and control subjects with equal accuracy. The results support the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism leads to a disruption in the normal function of the right cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 7013545 TI - The effect of cyanamide on acetaldehyde oxidation by isolated rat liver mitochondria and on the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by acetaldehyde. AB - Compared to other substrates, the oxidation of pyruvate by isolated mitochondria is especially sensitive to inhibition by acetaldehyde. It is not known whether this inhibition represents a direct effect of acetaldehyde or requires the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Experiments were therefore carried out in the presence of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase. After a brief incubation period, cyanamide inhibited the state 4 and state 3 rate of acetaldehyde (0.1-1.0 mM) oxidation by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Little inhibition was found in the absence of the incubation period. Maximum inhibition was found at cyanamide concentrations of 0.01 to 0.033 mM. Cyanamide also inhibited the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase assayed in disrupted mitochondrial fractions. The inhibition by cyanamide was specific since cyanamide did not affect mitochondrial oxidation of succinate, glutamate, or pyruvate. Acetaldehyde inhibited the state 3 rate of pyruvate oxidation by liver mitochondria. Despite preventing acetaldehyde oxidation, cyanamide did not prevent the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by acetaldehyde. These results indicate that (a) cyanamide can be used as an effective in vitro inhibitor of acetaldehyde oxidation and (b) the unique sensitivity of pyruvate oxidation to acetaldehyde represents a direct effect of acetaldehyde on pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7013546 TI - The differential response of tissue catalase activity to chronic alcohol administration in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley male rats maintained on the Lieber/DeCarli liquid alcohol diet for 40 days showed an increase in heart, decrease in liver, and no change in erythrocyte or skeletal muscle catalase levels when compared to pair-fed controls. PMID- 7013547 TI - Effect of ethyl alcohol on visual evoked potentials. AB - Effects of ethyl alcohol evoked potentials were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Alcohol significantly reduced the amplitude and prolonged the latency of the N2 P2 components of the centrally derived flash evoked potential. Amplitude attenuation was positively correlated with alcohol doses of 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg. Analysis of subsets of data revealed the amplitude attenuation to be time related and not present in the initial five responses after alcohol. Possible neurochemical mechanisms related to the amplitude attenuation are discussed. PMID- 7013548 TI - The cardiovascular effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in exercising dogs. PMID- 7013549 TI - Peak blood alcohol levels in men at high risk for the future development of alcoholism. AB - Studies utilizing diverse methodologies in different populations have consistently demonstrated that alcoholism appears to be a genetically influenced disorder. One biological mechanism which could hypothetically influence the acute effects and metabolism of ethanol is the rate of alcohol absorption, a trait found to be relatively consistent for any one individual under similar conditions. This investigation tested the possibility that the magnitude of and time to peak blood alcohol level might be involved in a genetic propensity toward alcoholism with suitable controls. The study has revealed no differences in the time elapsed between oral intake and peak blood alcohol concentration and no differential in the height of the peak alcohol concentration for the two groups. The results are not consistent with the rate of absorption as an important mediator of a genetic propensity in alcoholism. PMID- 7013550 TI - Maternal ethanol consumption and fetal development in the rat: a comparison of ethanol exposure techniques. AB - Comparison of the polydipsia and liquid diet procedures for ethanol exposure were used in female rats, either before and/or during gestation. Autopsy of the fetuses on day 20 of gestation found a significant weight reduction in the polydipsia-exposed animals that could be attributed to ethanol. No such effect was found in the liquid diet-exposed animals. The data are discussed in relation to the human fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7013551 TI - Disulfiram-associated hypercholesterolemia. AB - The rat model is used to verify disulfiram-associated hypercholesterolemia and to determine a mechanism of action. Administration of disulfiram 15 mg/kg/day for 3 wk is associated with a 25% increase in serum cholesterol which is reversible with discontinuance of the drug. The hypercholesterolemia is due in part to a fourfold increase in activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosyntheses. PMID- 7013552 TI - Brain aldehyde dehydrogenase in human alcoholics and controls. AB - Human postmortem brain samples from temporal lobe of 23 alcoholics and 19 controls (13 with cancer and six without cancer) were used for determination of low Km (micromolar) and high Km (millimolar) aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Despite histories of severe alcoholism leading to death through multiple complications, the mean values for either low or high Km activity did not differ significantly from that of controls similarly studied. PMID- 7013553 TI - Hepatic microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): increased activity following propylthiouracil administration. AB - Treatment for 7 days with the thyreostatic drug propylthiouracil (5 mg/100 g of body weight) resulted in a hypothyroid hepatic state as shown by the marked decreased hepatic content of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This regimen led to an enchanced activity of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system, whereas the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase remained unchanged. Moreover, a hyperthyroid hepatic state achieved following the daily administration of L thyroxine (150 micrograms/100 g of body weight) or L-3,3', 5-triiodothyronine (10 micrograms/100 g body weight) for 7 days resulted in a similar increased activity of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system. Under these conditions, a decrease of alcohol dehydrogenase activity and an unaffected catalase activity was observed. These findings, therefore, show that the administration of either propylthiouracil or thyroid hormones results in an increased activity of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system, suggesting that the underlying mechanism for the induction of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system by propylthiouracil is independent of the action of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7013554 TI - Effects of acute and chronic ethanol intake on bile acid metabolism. AB - Ethanol has been demonstrated to cause aberrations in lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, biliary secretion, and bile acid synthesis. Although there is interdependency of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, a role of ethanol induced lipid abnormalities in altering bile acid synthesis has not been found. The direct effects of ethanol administration on bile acid metabolism have been studied in animals and vary with the experimental design. Acutely, ethanol causes decreased bile acid secretion and synthesis, but other effects are less well defined. Chronic ethanol use in man may result in cirrhosis, a condition in which abnormalities of bile acid metabolism have been described in detail. Cholic acid synthesis and pool size are markedly depressed in advanced cirrhosis. Chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis is affected less than cholic acid synthesis, probably because 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity is markedly depressed in cirrhosis, although other steps may also be influenced such as 7 alpha hydroxylation of cholesterol or availability of cholesterol precursor. The deoxycholic acid pool is depressed probably because of changes in fecal flora. Despite the decrease in total bile acid pool, lithogenicity of bile is not increased in cirrhotic patients because of a concomitant decline in cholesterol and phospholipid secretion. Changes in hepatic blood flow and hepatic extraction cause an increase in plasma bile acid levels which may have clinical relevance. PMID- 7013555 TI - Identification of a basement membrane proteoglycan in exfoliation material. AB - We have used the indirect immunperoxidase technique to examine the exfoliation syndrome and can demonstrate that the fibrils so typically found in this disease certainly contain basement membrane proteoglycans. This finding is interesting for two reasons: 1. For the first time, an electron-microscopical technique is described that is able to identify one protein component of the exfoliation material. 2. The fact that the basement membrane proteoglycans are present in the exfoliation material supports the hypothesis that this disease is caused by a disturbance in the biosynthesis of the basement membrane. PMID- 7013557 TI - Heterogeneity of bronchial asthma. Sub-populations--or different stages of the disease. PMID- 7013556 TI - Experimentally induced lipidosis in rat retinal pigment epithelium. A brief review. AB - Chronic administration of certain cationic amphiphilic drugs to rats and other species induces generalized lysosomal storage of polar lipids. In rat, retinal pigment epithelium belongs to the tissues which are most susceptible toward this adverse drug action. Drug-induced lipidosis in retinal epithelium is characterized ultrastructurally by the occurrence of numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with a crystalline-like internal structure. Freeze-fracture images of such inclusions indicate that they consist of phospholipids aggregated in a hexagonal phase. The quantitative and structural uniformity of lipidosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells appears to reflect the uniformity of the lipid load which is physiologically imposed on the digestive apparatus of the epithelium due to the phagocytosis of photoreceptor membranes. The pathophysiological significance of drug-induced lipidosis in pigment epithelium remains to be clarified. PMID- 7013558 TI - [The renin-angiotension-aldosterone system and cortisol excretion before, during and after enflurane anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013559 TI - Nineteenth century resuscitation apparatus. AB - This paper describes three pieces of 19th century resuscitation apparatus. These pieces, and the widespread literature on the subject, illustrate the interest in artificial respiration in this period. PMID- 7013560 TI - Ketamine as continuous intravenous infusion combined with diazepam in non abdominal surgery. A randomized double-blind study. AB - Sixty-four women undergoing non-abdominal operations were anaesthetized with ketamine administered as continuous intravenous drip combined with diazepam. A double-blind, controlled study was done to assess the dosage, the cardiovascular stimulation, and whether psychotomimetic side effects could be reduced. At induction ketamine was given in a dose of 2 mg/kg in combination with diazepam/placebo 10 mg i.v. The infusion was maintained at 2-6 mg/min. The dose of ketamine during the anaesthesia was significantly reduced by diazepam, from 4.51 mg/min to 3.55 mg/min (p less than 0.001). The sympathomimetic effect of ketamine was significantly reduced by diazepam, as the increase in pulse rate as well as in blood pressure was diminished (p less than 0.05). The frequency of hallucinations dropped from 30.0% to 2.9% with diazepam, while the total frequency of psychotomimetic side effects fell from 36.6% to 11.8% (p less than 0.05). As this frequency of the psychotomimetic side effects still seems to be high with this method, it cannot be recommended to use a continuous drip of ketamine for routine operations on adults. On the other hand, ketamine infusion was found to produce favourable haemodynamic conditions, and this technique seems to be useful in poor-risk and hypovolaemic patients. PMID- 7013561 TI - [Anesthesiological method in 7 orthotopic liver transplants]. PMID- 7013562 TI - Removing unbound detergent from hydrophobic proteins. PMID- 7013563 TI - Rapid radioisotopic analysis of glucose synthesis from lactate in primary hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 7013564 TI - A rapid and efficient microassay of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 7013565 TI - Improved microtechnique for endotoxin assay by the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. PMID- 7013566 TI - A rapid method for isolating glucose metabolites involved in substrate cycling. PMID- 7013567 TI - Comparative morphometry of the upper bronchial tree in six mammalian species. AB - The length, diameter, and angle of branching of all airways through the sixth level of branching below the trachea were measured on corrosion casts prepared from the lungs of two animals whose bronchial geometry has not previously been studied, namely the donkey and the rabbit. These measurements and morphometric data for the rat, hamster, dog, and human obtained from other sources were analyzed and compared. The case prepared from human lungs exhibited an airway geometry that was clearly distinct from that shown by the nonhuman species. The human upper bronchial tree was the most symmetrical with respect to airway diameter and angle of branching. In all species studied, airway length was the most irregular parameter. The reasons for differences in branching geometry are not clearly understood. However, when attempting to determine whether a particular species may be used as a model for man in inhalation toxicology, and in the subsequent interpretation of animal data, an appreciation of differences in airway morphometry is essential. PMID- 7013568 TI - Clinical evaluation of high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) in patients scheduled for open-chest surgery. AB - Comparisons were made in 10 patients scheduled for thoracotomy between a prototype of a low-compressive system (Bronchovent Special) for volume controlled, high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV; fixed frequency of 60/min; fixed relative insufflation time of 22%), and a conventional respirator (SV-900) for intermittent positive-pressure, volume-controlled ventilation at a frequency of 20/min, after induction of anesthesia, but before surgery. With both ventilator systems intratracheal, intrapleural, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial systemic and central venous pressures were measured at normoventilation (normocarbia). Mean intratracheal pressure and mean intrapleural pressure were significantly lower with volume-controlled HFPPV (1.3 +/- 0.5 and -4.0 +/- 2.1 (SD) cm H2O, respectively) than with conventional volume controlled ventilation with SV-900 (2.1 +/- 1.2 and -3.0 +/- 1.5 cm H2O, respectively). No significant differences between the two ventilators were found with respect to arterial systemic and central venous pressures, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, or alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. With the thorax open, during volume-controlled HFPPV the exposed lung was moderately expanded and exhibited only minor movements during insufflation. Repeated blood gas analyses during surgery showed normocarbia and good oxygenation even during compression of the exposed lung. After compression the lung was readily re expanded with the aid of a brief period of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Thus, even relatively low intrapulmonary pressures during volume controlled HFPPV without PEEP are adequate to keep the open-chest lung expanded during intrathoracic surgery. This creates optimal conditions for the surgeons. PMID- 7013569 TI - Canine left ventricular volume response to mechanical ventilation with PEEP. AB - To determine the cause of decreased cardiac output (CO) resulting from the use of PEEP, hemodynamic and pulmonary parameters and radiographic estimates of left ventricular volumes were observed in nine dogs under three conditions: control, PEEP (15 cm H2O), and PEEP with intravascular (IV) volume expansion. Volume expansion was sufficient to return the CO to control values. Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) all decreased approximately 30 per cent with the application of PEEP. Ejection fraction remained unchanged. With IV volume expansion, the CI, SI, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, and LVSWI returned to approximate control values. The transmural left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (TMLVEDP) did not change significantly. The authors therefore conclude that reduced left ventricular preload is the cause of decreased cardiac output by PEEP and that indirect evidence of preload (transmural left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) is not an adequate assessment of the force-length relationship under the conditions stated. PMID- 7013570 TI - A classic revisited. Ideals and idealism by Edmund H. Wuerpel, 1931. PMID- 7013571 TI - Restorative materials. PMID- 7013572 TI - Clonidine overdose: report of six cases and review of the literature. AB - Clonidine poisoning usually causes depressed sensorium, hypotension, and bradycardia. Some patients manifest respiratory depression and miosis simulating narcotic overdose. Supportive care with judicious administration of intravenous fluids, occasionally supplemented by a dopamine infusion, usually reestablished adequate blood pressure. Tolazoline, an alpha-blocker, may reverse clonidine's effects should other efforts fail. Atropine should be used if bradycardia is hemodynamically significant. With massive overdose, clonidine's partial alpha agonist properties may predominate, resulting in marked hypertension requiring cautious therapy. The experience at Parkland Memorial Hospital with clonidine overdose in six patients demonstrates the myriad of clinical presentations possible. PMID- 7013573 TI - Microcomputer-based filing system for emergency medicine literature. AB - A personal reprint file is an important educational tool for every physician. We have developed a microcomputer-based system for the filing of journal articles and reprints relevant to the practice of emergency medicine. The system uses a Northstar microcomputer, but could be adapted for use on other similar microcomputers. The filing system is easy to use and allows filing and retrieval of articles coded according to the subject outline of the Emergency Medicine Core Content. PMID- 7013574 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of viral hepatitis. AB - Emergency physicians frequently encounter patients who have been or may have been exposed to viral hepatitis, and are often in a position to offer immunoprophylaxis. Needlestick exposure among hospital employees is endemic in any large hospital. Currently treatment of clinical hepatitis is only symptomatic; rational immunoprophylaxis is the only method available to influence the course of the disease. The basic types of viral hepatitis are reviewed, as are transmission of the disease, serologic tests, high risk groups, and immunoprophylactic agents. Treatment plans are outlined for different types of exposure, and an algorithm is included for management of needlestick exposure. PMID- 7013575 TI - Physostigmine and asystole. PMID- 7013576 TI - Ovarian response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in postpartum dairy cows. AB - Laparotomies were performed on 17 lactating dairy cows, milked twice daily, 12 or 13 days after parturition to observe gross ovarian structures. Five cows were randomly given an IM injection of saline solution and 12 cows were given 100 micrograms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). A 2nd laparotomy was performed 3 days later to observe changes in ovarian structures. In addition, the genital tract was palpated per rectum 5 to 8 days after the 2nd laparotomy, and blood samples for hormonal analysis were obtained prior to each laparotomy and palpation per rectum. Eight of 12 cows given GnRH and 2 of 5 cows given saline solution had developing corpora lutea with prominent ovulation papilla at the time of the 2nd laparotomy. Luteinized follicles were not observed. In GnRH treated cows, 7 of 7 cows with follicles greater than or equal to 15 mm ovulated after GnRH treatment compared (P less than 0.01) with 1 of 5 cows with follicles less than or equal to 10 mm. Increase in plasma progesterone was not observed in GnRH-treated cows not ovulating. Thus, GnRH induced ovulation in postpartum dairy cows that had large follicles at the time of GnRH treatment. PMID- 7013577 TI - Evidence of cytocidal effects of Pasteurella haemolytica on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. AB - Pasteurella haemolytica had a pronounced cytocidal effect on bovine mononuclear leukocytes. Mononuclear leukocytes separated from venous blood on Ficoll diatrizoate and incubated with either P haemolytica or Escherichia coli showed a significantly greater percentage cell death than did cells incubated with Staphylococcus epidermidis or controls. Neither heat-killed nor x-irradiated P haemolytica caused a significant percentage cell death. The cytotoxic potential of P haemolytica was dose related in that cell death among mononuclear leukocytes increased as the ratio of bacteria-to-cells increased. Enriched monocyte cultures showed a higher and less variable rate of cell death than either enriched lymphocyte or mixed leukocyte cultures. PMID- 7013579 TI - Ring-stabilization technique for collection of avian air sacs. AB - Histologic features of chicken air-sac membranes harvested with rings were compared with those of membranes collected on cards. Ring stabilization of the tissues throughout fixation, dehydration, and embedment was found to reduce markedly the artifacts and the loss of normal tissue architecture observed within the wall of card-collected air sacs. PMID- 7013578 TI - Lactic acidosis and arterial hypoxemia during sublethal endotoxemia in conscious ponies. AB - Effects of a sublethal IV dose (10 micrograms/kg of body weight) of Escherichia coli endotoxin were studied in 7 conscious ponies. Arterial blood gases and plasma lactic acid were determined periodically throughout the 180 minutes of the study. Arterial hypoxemia occurred within 5 minutes despite intense hyperventilation. Colic and diarrhea occurred in all ponies within 30 minutes after endotoxin administration. Metabolic acidosis developed within 30 minutes and persisted throughout the study, indicating widespread reduced tissue perfusion. PMID- 7013580 TI - Revised surgical procedure for the derivation of gnotobiotic dogs. AB - A revised surgical procedure for derivation of gnotobiotic pups was described. Pregnant bitches (n = 11) were sedated and anesthetized (epidural anesthesia). Fetal pups were removed from the uterine horns and then transferred to the isolation units where they were removed from the sacs and stimulated. The method compares favorably with the previously used hysterectomy procedure. PMID- 7013581 TI - Glucose uptake and insulin secretory responses to intravenous glucose loads in the dog. AB - Twenty-one healthy young non-anesthetized Dalmatian dogs (10 male, 11 female) were given IV glucose loads between 300 and 1,500 mg/kg of body weight in a standard time period of 30 s. The fractional glucose turnover rates and the insulin peak responses gradually increased with glucose loads to 1,000 mg/kg and the total insulin secretion with loads to 1,250 mg/kg and remained constant. The insulinogenic index (delta I/delta G) varied inversely with the size of the glucose loads. The pattern of responses indicates that the optimum glucose load is near 600 mg/kg for evaluating normal glucose metabolism in dogs by the IV glucose loading technique. PMID- 7013583 TI - Psychotherapy. A 40-year-appraisal. PMID- 7013582 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibody responses to Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected dogs. AB - The chronology of the antibody response to Dirofilaria immitis was measured in 2 groups of experimentally infected Beagle dogs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a semipurified, adult D immitis-derived antigen was used to quantitate antibody levels. Group A consisted of 4 dogs inoculated once with D immitis infective larvae, 4 dogs inoculated twice with D immitis infective larvae, and 4 noninoculated dogs. Group B consisted of 26 dogs which were all infected with D immitis; however, 16 of these were given daily prophylactic concentrations of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) beginning 5 days before inoculation. Significant levels of antibody were demonstrable 16 weeks after inoculation of group A dogs and remained significantly increased throughout the study. There were no significant differences in antibody levels in dogs inoculated once or twice. Nontreated and diethylcarbamazine-treated dogs in group B developed significant antibody titers 11 weeks after inoculation. Significant differences in antibody titers between treated and nontreated dogs were first observed 13 weeks after inoculation; these differences remained for the duration of the investigation. There was no apparent correlation between antibody levels and either adult worm numbers or microfilaria counts. PMID- 7013585 TI - Comparison of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia. AB - We evaluated pneumococcal bacteremia retrospectively for 3.5 yr. Sixty-three episodes occurred in 62 patients; 37 were nosocomial in origin; 26 were community acquired. Pneumococcal bacteremia was most common between January and June. Patients with nosocomial disease had significantly more ultimately fatal disease and sustained more manipulation of the respiratory tract than patients with community-acquired bacteremia. The mortality of nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia (75.8%) or nosocomial pneumococcal pneumonia with bacteremia (66.7%) was significantly greater than community-acquired bacteremia (26.9%; p less than 0.01) or pneumonia with bacteremia (18.2%; p less than 0.001). All 62 patients were eligible for pneumococcal vaccine, and 57 could have received immunoprophylaxis. A vaccine trial is indicated in the hospital setting. PMID- 7013584 TI - High frequency ventilation. PMID- 7013586 TI - Levamisole as an adjunct in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - An immunomodulatory drug levamisole (l-tetramisole) was used in the treatment of 50 patients with newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in addition to routine chemotherapy. A control group received routine chemotherapy for tuberculosis only. Patients in both groups had been chosen because of mild immunodepression, as shown by their insensitivity to skin tests with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The patients were followed for 3 months, and their clinical recovery was assessed and compared by recording the rate of sputum clearance, rate of weight gain, decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and clearance of radiologic lesions. The results showed that at the end of 3 months, 48% of the patients in the group receiving levamisole reacted to DNCB as against only 18% of the control group. The levamisole-treated group also showed significant radiologic clearing compared with the control group. However, the rate of sputum clearance, decrease in ESR, and weight gain did not show any significant difference. PMID- 7013587 TI - Persistence of protein, carbohydrate and was components of tubercle bacilli in dermal BCG lesions. AB - Dermal tuberculous lesions were produced in rabbits with Bacille Calmette Guerin and biopsied on days 4, 14, 21, 35, and 56. Frozen sections prepared from the biopsy specimens were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique with antisera against whole tubercle bacilli and antisera against the protein B, polysaccharide I, and wax D fractions of tubercle bacilli. In the primary lesions, protein B was often undetectable at 21 days, and polysaccharide I was often undetectable at 35 days. Wax D disappeared more slowly than the other bacillary components evaluated, and some wax D was still found at 56 days (if the lesions had not completely healed). Antisera against intact tubercle bacilli produced results similar to those produced by antiserum against wax D. These studies suggest that the chronicity of tuberculous lesions is due, at least in part, to the persistence of the wax D-like component of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 7013588 TI - [Etiology of mental deficiency. Study based on 3735 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the etiology of MD was done on 3735 children with mental retardation. Selection of patients was verified by precise alphabetical train in order to obtain the different factors of MD with objectivity. The highest percentage of MD was constituted by pathology concerning pre- and/or peripartum problems (53.78%), being on the contrary very low the percentage of MD of unknown etiology (8.219%). Authors think that it is possible to verified correct diagnosis of cases with MD if the clinical knowledge is large the adequate para-clinical studies (biochemistry, EEG, EMG, cytogenetic and neuroradiology) are practised. The unknown etiology of MD must be low. In their opinion MD accompanying CNS malformations and dysmorphic syndromes must not be classified as MD of unknown etiology. Emphasis is done on the necessity of having in consideration real percentages of etiological factors when programs for education of subnormal children are developed. PMID- 7013589 TI - [Epidemic outbreak of bacillary dysentery by "Shigella sonnei" in a kindergarten (author's transl)]. AB - An epidemic outbreak, caused by "Shigella sonnei" in a kindergarten, affecting a high percentage of children aged two to seven years is described. On searching into the sensitivity is isolated strains to a wide range of antibiotics, it was observed that all them showed resistance to sulphonamides and a 57.19% were also resistant to phosphomycin. After doing the pertinent investigations and epidemiological analysis possible mechanisms of illness, transmission and dissemination are studied, evaluating the clinical symptoms that these children showed as well as the clinical course after treatment with ampicillin. PMID- 7013591 TI - [Psychic and psychosomatic symptom in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - From the intimate relationship between somatic and psychic aspects, certain characteristics of the psychic or psychosomatic symptom in the child are sketched and the evolution from the psychic conflict to the elaboration of an specific symptom. The meaning of the symptom as a language or a means of expression of the child is pointed out, as well as the individual significance of the symptom in each clinical case, avoiding mechanical and reducing schemes. The importance of the "language of the body" in the infant and the symptom as a sign, signifies or symbol or as a unconscious fantasy related to the organ function in the school child. The importance of the first affective contacts in the child as etiopathogenic formations. Some anamnestic guidelines and practical evaluations are developed in each infantile functional disorder. Finally, the need for a deep study of the psychosomatic sphere is emphasized, looking for a balance between an attitude of underevaluation and one of hypertrophy, goal attainable by means of the integration of pediatrician infantile psychiatrists in an interdisciplinary team. PMID- 7013590 TI - [Liver zinc uptake, influence of glucocorticoids and its chronology (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the effect of glucocorticoids in the hepatic uptake of zinc in experimental animals (Norway rats, Wistar strain) is presented. Liver zinc levels were measured in fresh and frozen tissue samples. A significant increase was seen in the liver zinc of prednisolone treated rats. This increase is more marked in the first ten days of glucocorticoid intake. Authors consider that this data support the hypothesis of a hormonal control in liver zinc metabolism. PMID- 7013592 TI - Glycemic control and nerve conduction abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The influence of therapy of hyperglycemia on the progression of diabetic neuropathy is unclear. We studied variables of glycemia and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in a group of 18 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects before and after institution of diabetes therapy. Diabetes therapy significantly reduced variables of glycemia after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Conduction velocity of the median motor nerve was improved from baseline at each time tested during treatment. In addition, peroneal and tibial motor nerve conduction velocities improved in patients whose levels of hyperglycemia were lowered. Moreover, extent of improvement of conduction velocity of some motor nerves was related to the degree of reduction of hyperglycemia. Sensory nerve conduction velocity was not altered by diabetes therapy. These findings support the hypothesis of a metabolic component to diabetic neuropathy and suggest that optimal glycemic control may be beneficial to patients with this disorder. PMID- 7013593 TI - Aspirin-induced depression of glomerular filtration rate in normal humans: role of sodium balance. AB - The renal clearance of endogenous creatinine, inulin and para-aminohippurate was measured in 10 healthy human volunteers taking aspirin during severe dietary sodium restriction (10 meq/d) to clarify the clinical significance and pathophysiology of aspirin-induced changes in renal function. Sodium restriction alone had no effect on renal clearances but did increase plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandin E excretion. The addition of aspirin decreased the urinary clearance of prostaglandin E but not plasma renin activity, and caused a significant fall in both endogenous creatinine (from 92.3 +/- 4.1 SE ml/min . 1.73 m2 body surface area to 80.8 +/- 4.4 mL/min . 1.73 m2, p = 0.02) and inulin (from 95.3 +/- 7.0 mL/min . 1.73 m2 to 80.9 +/- 7.0 mL/min . 1.73 m2, p less than 0.001). The fall in inulin clearance was directly related to the salicylate level. The clearance of para-aminohippurate showed only a slight, statistically insignificant decline with aspirin. The results of this study suggest that aspirin-induced depression of glomerular filtration rate may be independent of total renal plasma flow. Aspirin should be used cautiously, with careful attention to dosage, in sodium-restricted patients whose glomerular filtration rate may, in part, be under the homeostatic control of renal prostaglandins. PMID- 7013594 TI - Reversal of long-standing renal insufficiency by captopril in a patient with relapsing hemolytic uremic syndrome due to an oral contraceptive. PMID- 7013595 TI - Sinemet and the treatment of Parkinsonism. AB - Sinemet (a combination of levodopa with carbidopa, a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor) has replaced levodopa for early treatment of parkinsonism. The blocking of the systemic uptake of dopamine has eliminated the previous complications of nausea, vomiting, and cardiac and respiratory arrhythmias; pyridoxine need not now be avoided. However, the earlier appearance of abnormal involuntary movements, hallucinations, occasional psychosis, and a dopa-resistant state limits treatment efficacy. In all-over experience the combination drug offers the best relief for rigidity and akinesia. It has improved the quality of life and reduced mortality by one half. The greatest benefits appear in the first 3 years; then complications set in. The relation of complications to dosage is now better understood, and the ratio of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor to levodopa inhibitor to levodopa of 1:4 is better than the previous 1:10. Levodopa with or without dopa decarboxylase is not a cure for parkinsonism. Some agonist drugs (bromocryptine, lisuride) are showing promise in the testing stage. The evolving knowledge about neurotransmitters and peptide messengers offers hope for the growing number of patients with parkinsonism. PMID- 7013596 TI - Anorexia nervosa. AB - The clinical and physiologic features of anorexia nervosa seem to be consequences of a complex interaction among psychologic abnormalities, endocrine disturbances, and malnutrition. Although a spectrum of psychologic disorders has been observed, distortion of body image, weight phobia, disordered perception of hunger and satiety, and a sense of ineffectiveness are encountered most frequently. The impaired secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor, release of gonadotropins, and production of estrogens reflect a defect in the hypothalamic anterior pituitary-gonadal axis. Because most of the endocrine abnormalities are reversible with improved nutrition, they are probably secondary to malnutrition rather than to hypothalamic dysfunction. Hypercarotenemia observed in 16 of 21 patients studied recently seems useful in differentiating anorexia nervosa from other forms of malnutrition and weight loss. A combined medical and psychiatric approach has been successful in drastically reducing the mortality of this disorder. PMID- 7013597 TI - [Hemolytic anemias with a negative Coombs' test and a positive Coombs' test without hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7013598 TI - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and the Shy-Drager syndrome: hemodynamic and pharmacological studies in seven patients (author's transl)]. AB - Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH) is a slowly progressive disease of the autonomic nervous system. The association of central lesions with those of IOH is characteristic of the Shy-Drager syndrome, which follows a rapidly unfavorable course, and can be distinguished from IOH, according to some authors, by anatomical and pharmacological features. Hemodynamic and pharmacological studies were conducted in 4 cases of IOH and 3 cases of the Shy-Drager syndrome in order to determine the localization and extent of the orthostatic regulatory disorder. No differences were found between the two groups and a common physiopathological mechanism for the two affections is suggested. PMID- 7013599 TI - [Orthostatic hypotension in tetraplegic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Blood pressure regulation was studied in nine patients with tetraplegia following total cervical section. Ten minutes after placing the patients in an inclined position at 30 degrees there was a marked reduction in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and absence of increased peripheral resistance. Valsalva's maneuver was pathological in all cases (lack of overshoot). Circulating catecholamines were measured in five cases and were low in decubitus and did not react to orthostatism. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels were at the upper limits of normal and reacted strongly to orthostatism. Marked hypersensitivity to exogenous angiotensin and noradrenaline was observed in all cases. These modifications result from section of the sympathetic efferent pathways. High plasma renin levels and their increase during orthostatism are not incompatible with these findings and probably result from intervention of renal baroreceptors. Whatever the mechanism involved, this increase in plasma renin activity could play an important role in the control of blood pressure in tetraplegic patients. PMID- 7013601 TI - [Clinico-anatomical conference of the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital. Case No. 8 - 1980]. PMID- 7013600 TI - [Treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension by an association of tyramine and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (author's transl)]. AB - Metabolic and hormonal tests to assess plasma renin, aldosterone, and catecholamine activity were conducted in three patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure readings were then taken in decubitus and orthostatism during treatment with 10 to 15 mg of tyramine and 30 mg of tranylcypromine. Marked functional improvement was observed, with an increase in mean blood pressure in decubitus and a less marked reduction in orthostatism avoiding the onset of severe discomfort. Therapeutic indications are limited, however, because of a possible hypertensive response. PMID- 7013602 TI - [Diffuse gingival plasmocytoma: a rare location of extra-osseous solitary plasmocytomas (author's transl)]. AB - A 51-year-old man presented with isolated diffuse gingival hypertrophy, the diagnosis of a plasmocytoma being suspected after pathological and immunohistological examinations of a gingival biopsy (light chain lambda plasmocytes). The isolated nature of this diffuse gingival plasmocytoma was confirmed by biological tests and radiological investigations. The evolution of solitary plasmocytomas is variable, and while certain of these lesions remain isolated even after many years, other plasmocytomas, apparently local, are associated with myelomas which either become evident or may sometimes develop. The extremely rare nature of diffuse gingival locations of extra-osseous solitary plasmocytomas is confirmed by a review of the published literature. Studying histological sections by immunofluorescence enables the polyclonal or monoclonal nature of the plasmocytes to be established, this distinction being an important element in the prognosis. PMID- 7013603 TI - [Fatal primary Epstein-Barr virus infections with or without infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013604 TI - [Jules Cotard and his syndrome a 100 years later]. PMID- 7013606 TI - [Mechanism of action of insulin therapy in psychiatry as perceived today]. PMID- 7013605 TI - [Current forms of persistent chronic hallucinatory psychosis]. AB - The persistency of the "Psychose Hallucinatoire Chronique" (P.H.C.) in the french psychiatric nosology can be understood through a study of the history of ideas, since the beginning of the century, about chronic delusions. Ancient authors' descriptions (Ballet, Clerambault) agree with a semiological reality often observed now. The present clinical-looking of the "P.H.C." allows to establish that: the mechanisms used by the delusion have been little altered through time, the themes taken are impregnated by late scientific discoveries and with present socio-political context, the frequency of evolution to encysted forms have increased with modern chemical therapeutics. The function of hallucinatory delusion often appears to make up for successive frustrations, sexual and affective insufficiency or sensorial isolations, and then avoids too painful suffering to the patient. To day, the attitude of psychiatrist towards hallucinated delirious patients is centred on the discovery of the personality and the biography of the patient rather than on the complete analysis of the semiology obtained in spite of reticence. PMID- 7013607 TI - Growth control of differentiated adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. PMID- 7013608 TI - Cell types in long-term propagable cultures of rat liver. AB - Under the conditions of this experiment, propagable hepatic epithelial cells in long-term culture were derived from a small, nonparenchymal precursor cell present in the liver in vivo. Progeny of the nonparenchymal precursor cell weakly expressed some hepatocyte-like properties in culture. Hepatocytes were not clonogenic under the conditions of this experiment. Propagable hepatic epithelial cells in long-term culture probably originate from hepatic stem cells in vivo. Terminal biliary ductular cells are facultative stem cells for hepatocytes. PMID- 7013609 TI - Synthesis of collagen by rat liver epithelial cultures. PMID- 7013610 TI - Ultrastructural and functional studies of cultured adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7013614 TI - Airborne contagion. Historical background. PMID- 7013611 TI - Markers for transformation in rat liver epithelial cells in culture. PMID- 7013612 TI - Phenotypic stability of adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. PMID- 7013613 TI - Overview of airborne contagion in animals. PMID- 7013615 TI - Inhalation anthrax. PMID- 7013616 TI - Genetic variation of viruses. Introductory remarks. PMID- 7013617 TI - Regulation of adenovirus mRNA synthesis. AB - The lytic cycle of adenovirus is a tightly regulated sequence of stages. When this regulation is studied at the level of mRNA production, the most significant step in controlling gene expression is initiation of transcription. Thus in preceding from one stage of expression to another, viral factors seem to turn on transcription of new sets of genes. At the moment, it is thought that viral mRNA synthesis involves initiation of transcription at ten different promoter sites. It is likely that in some manner the frequency of an initiation of transcription at nine of these sites is affected by one or more viral gene products. With the recent development of soluble in vitro transcription systems that respond to exogenously added DNA, it should be possible to begin to study regulation of gene expression at this stage of transcription. At present, these systems yield the paradoxical observation that extracts prepared from uninfected human cells more efficiently recognize the late promoter as compared to the early promoter of adenovirus. As more is learned about regulation of synthesis of viral mRNAs, examples will surely be found where RNA processing and RNA turnover play a critical role in determining the level of mRNAs. Such cases are more likely to appear in the balancing of synthesis of different mRNAs derived from one transcriptional unit. Few experiments have been directed to this possibility and the study of adenovirus molecular biology is only now entering the age of maturity where these experiments are feasible. PMID- 7013618 TI - The structure and function of the reovirus genome. PMID- 7013619 TI - The role of the reovirus hemagglutinin in viral virulence. PMID- 7013621 TI - The evolution of the adenoviral genome. PMID- 7013620 TI - Genetic variation among hepatitis B and related viruses. AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) of man has several characteristics that distinguish it from viruses of other groups. These include its ultrastructure, viral DNA size and structure, a virion DNA polymerase which repairs a single-stranded region in the viral DNA, liver tropism, character of persistent infection, and association with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently three other viruses have been found in other animal species that appear to share these characteristics although the viruses are not identical. HBV, Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), and duck hepatitis virus (DHV) appear to be members of a new virus group that might be designated the Hepadna virus group. Genetic variation among hepatitis B viruses includes the antigenic variation in the surface antigen (HBsAg) which constitutes the known HBsAg subtypes. There is also frequent variation in DNA base sequence among HBVs isolated from different patients. PMID- 7013622 TI - Structure and evolution of interrupted genes. PMID- 7013623 TI - Recombination and gene coding assignments of bunyaviruses and arenaviruses. PMID- 7013624 TI - A case of total keratomalacia due to soft contact lens wearing. AB - A case of total keratomalacia caused by soft contact lens wearing is demonstrated. The reasons for the tragic course were insufficient adaptation to the lens and inadequate information to the patient regarding the problems of wearing of the lens and its cleaning. A subtotal keratoplasty was performed in this case but only the globe could be preserved. PMID- 7013625 TI - Prehistoric trephination of the frontal sinus. AB - Two examples of prehistoric trephination of the frontal sinus are presented. Both specimens were collected in Peru during the second decade of this century and are currently preserved at the Museum of Man in San Diego. One of the skulls represents trephining by incision and the other by scraping. Both show signs of healing indicating that the operated individuals survived the procedure. No definite clues as to the indications for surgery were found in one of the specimens. Trauma involving the frontal sinus appears to have been the reason for trephination in the other. PMID- 7013627 TI - [Nomenclature of trunco-conal malformations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013628 TI - [Brucellosis in children]. PMID- 7013626 TI - [Lipoatrophia semi-circularis of the thigh]. AB - Two typical cases of this apparently rare condition usually observed in women are reported. 22 cases have been published since the first observation in 1974. Lesions are made of semi circular band-like, isolated, atrophy of the subcutaneous fatty tissue, involving half the circumference of anterolateral part of the thigh. No other clinical or biological abnormalities are noticed. Four stages may be histological considered. Ultrastructural investigation performed in our cases confirms histological findings: in the first case adipocyte's abnormalities, fibrillogenesis, and sclerosis are noticed, in the second case (persistent lipoatrophia) rarefaction of collagen's fibers appears to be the most important feature. Etiology remains unclear, but repeated external traumas seem the most plausible explanation in several cases of the literature and in our cases: case no. 1, related to leaning on bath's border for washing, was regressive after trauma's suppression, while the second case was not regressive since the patient did not discontinue wearing the responsible girdle. PMID- 7013630 TI - [Klinefelter's syndrome during childhood and adolescence: endocrine investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013631 TI - [Malignant bone tumors in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013629 TI - [Cefaclor in the treatment of upper respiratory tract bacterial infections in children. A comparative trial of cefaclor/cefalexin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013632 TI - [Fatal jealousy (Honore de Balzac)]. PMID- 7013633 TI - Interactions between axons and their sheath cells. PMID- 7013634 TI - Strength and weakness of the genetic approach to the development of the nervous system. PMID- 7013635 TI - Motor nerve sprouting. PMID- 7013636 TI - The biology of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7013637 TI - Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals. PMID- 7013638 TI - Sleep and its disorders. AB - The advances in research on sleep an biological rhythms have recently been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. A new clinical specialty has developed with the establishment of sleep disorder centers and a diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. This new nosological approach has evolved from an extensive base of new scientific information concerning descriptive polygraphic and analysis of clinical case series. Four major categories have been defined: (a) disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (insomnias), (b) disorders of excessive somnolence, (c) disorders of the sleep-wake schedule, and (d) dysfunctions associated with sleep. Within this comprehensive classification certain major pathophysiological advances are described for the "insomnias." These include polysomnographic identification of altered sleep stage patterns in the major effective illnesses, insomnias related to hypnotic drugs and alcohol, sleep disturbances associated with sleep-induced respiratory impairment, and sleep-related periodic movements during sleep (nocturnal myoclonus). Excessive daytime somnolence is primarily associated with the hypersomnia sleep-apnea syndrome and with narcolepsy. The relationship between biological rhythms (chronobiology) and disorders of the human sleep-wake schedules is very actively investigated. The recognition that sleep length, internal organization, and timing within neurophysiological circadian time keeping systems has lead to better diagnosis of these sleep-wake disorders and new chronotherapeutic regimens. Finally, increasing identification and description of "parasomnias," i.e. dysfunctions associated with sleep, has led sleep research into important new areas that are of general physiological interest. It is now clear that sleep disorders medicine has become a new scientific and clinical discipline in its own right. PMID- 7013639 TI - Development of the neuromuscular junction: inductive interactions between cells. PMID- 7013640 TI - The use of control systems analysis in the neurophysiology of eye movements. PMID- 7013641 TI - Cytoskeletal elements in neurons. AB - Neurotubules and neurofilaments are homologous with cytoplasmic microtubules and microfilaments which are seen with the electron microscope in most plant and animal cells. Their subunits are transported to the growth cone of the outgrowing axon, where the subunits are added to the distal ends of the neurotubules. PMID- 7013642 TI - [Advisability of reinserting a fragment of the hump in the repair of hypertrophic noses]. PMID- 7013643 TI - [The osteocartilaginous nasal hump. Homograft material]. PMID- 7013644 TI - [Myocutaneous flaps of the dorsal muscle]. PMID- 7013646 TI - [Eyelid reconstructions in the 19th century]. PMID- 7013645 TI - [Modern facelifting]. PMID- 7013648 TI - Neural-tube defects in a prehistoric south-western Indian population. AB - Concern with the frequency and patterning of the occurrence of midline neural tube defects among contemporary human populations is widespread. These defects are, however, quite old and occur in unusually high numbers of prehistoric skeletons. A common explanation offered for such high incidence has been inbreeding among small, reproductively isolated populations. In a sample of 54 skeletons from the prehistoric south-western Indian site of Tijeras Pueblo in New Mexico, failure of neural-tube closure occurs in 10% of sacra recovered. While a more homogeneous genetic background and inbreeding may account for a portion of this elevated prevalence, the cause appears to lie with cultural-environmental factors. It is suggested that the aetiology of these conditions has become more complex in recent human history. PMID- 7013647 TI - The origin of chromosomal aberrations in man and their potential for survival and reproduction in the adult human population. AB - It is estimated that perhaps 20 per cent or more of all human conceptuses carry of chromosomal abnormality. This level of abnormality would appear to be higher by an order of magnitude, than that recorded for any other investigated mammalian species. Elimination by spontaneous abortion, miscarriage and peri-natal death accounts for the vast majority of chromosomally-abnormal human conceptuses. Even those individuals who survive into adulthood carrying a chromosome abnormality do so with only a limited potential to pass on their abnormality to their offspring. Some are sterilized by the chromosome abnormalities which they carry, others are mentally incapacitated and therefore excluded from the pool of reproductively active individuals. Among those who can reproduce, chromosomally normal children are usually produced since meiotic drive mechanisms which ensure a chromosomally balanced complement in egg or sperm appear to be operative. PMID- 7013649 TI - The self-nonself discrimination and the nature and acquisition of the antibody repertoire. AB - Network ideas are confronted with current hypotheses for the origin of antibody diversity and self-nonself discrimination. The difficulties of reconciling the promethean evolution of the antibody system with "germ line" theories are discussed, as well as the problems of "somatic" hypotheses to explain the completeness of the antibody repertoire. The formal incompatibility of the network theory with ideas basing self-nonself discrimination on the elimination of self-reactive cells is demonstrated, as well as the difficulties of these and other environment-dependent hypotheses for lymphocyte activation, to encompass the internal activity in the immune system. It is argued, on the other hand, that the limitations of the network theory in providing a functional basis for the idiotypic network and in accounting for self-nonself discrimination, can be solved by finding in a complete repertoire of antibody-combining sites the complementary structures to growth receptors on B lymphocytes, and by using these as internal mitogens in the expansion of the precursor cell pools and in the maintenance of the mature steady states. Letting self-nonself discrimination be accounted for by such growth receptors, both the integrity of the antibody repertoire and the internal activity in the system can also be ensured. Moreover, by postulating a germ line origin for the antireceptor antibodies and by accepting idiotypic cross-reactivity between growth receptors and other germ line antibodies, the possibilities are set for a phylogenetically and ontogenically autonomous immune system embodied with the capabilities for self-expansion, diversification and selection of available repertoires. Its promethean characteristics are explained by its completeness, and this is achieved by idiotypic interactions between growth receptors and a limited number of complementary or cross-reactive germ line antibodies, naturally selected on the basis of their structural relationships with growth receptors. PMID- 7013651 TI - Depth electroencephalography in selection of refractory epilepsy for surgery. AB - Depth electroencephalography (EEG) is sometimes used to evaluate medically refractory epileptic patients for surgical treatment. Surgical excision of well defined epileptogenic foci has been shown repeatedly to cause a substantial reduction of seizure frequency in 60 to 80% of these patients; however, because surgical success is no better at centers that employ depth EEG in patient evaluation, the procedure remains controversial. Review of the available literature shows that depth EEG results reported to date, when compared to scalp EEG results in 178 patients, could have enabled selection of 36% more patients for surgery by defining otherwise unidentifiable single epileptogenic foci. Furthermore, depth EEG could have prevented surgery in another 18% by demonstrating different or additional epileptogenic foci in patients otherwise thought to have a single discharging focus amenable to resection. Thus depth EEG had the potential to alter the surgical decision in more than 50% of patients reported. Centers that employ depth EEG may evaluate a different population of patients, which could account for their lack of increased surgical success. PMID- 7013650 TI - Response of the lymphoid organs of the mouse to the peptidoglycan of a gram positive bacterium (Streptococcus pyogenes). AB - The response of the lymphoid organs of the mouse to the injection of a Gram positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) bacterial peptidoglycan (PGL) has been investigated by several complementary techniques. Special cares were brought to: a) the extraction mode and the characterization of the bacterial fraction, b) the sanitary and microbiological status of the mice, and c) the lack of biologically active contaminants, even at a trace level. In these conditions, the local reaction at the site of inoculation was very moderate, transient and not very distinctive. No toxic reactions were observed, even with doses of several milligrams per mouse. Changes in lymphoid organs, as determined by changes in weight, incorporation of radioactive precursors and detailed histological study revealed that PGL did not induce the typical responses of ordinary antigens. Changes in the weight of organs were not significant and there was no dose response relationship. In the lymph node, the response was confined to the paracortical area; the lymphocyte activation stood at an early stage and became characterized only after booster injection. There was no activation of antibody producing cells. An important recruitment of active macrophages was observed; this could participate to the adjuvant activity of PGL, whose at least a part of the biological activity is therefore independent of the inflammatory and/or toxic response. PMID- 7013652 TI - Correlation of criteria used for localizing epileptic foci in patients considered for surgical therapy of epilepsy. AB - Criteria for anterior temporal lobectomy, performed on seven patients with partial complex seizures, were derived from a battery of fourteen presurgical tests. Seven tests were routine studies aimed at identifying a focus of epileptic excitability, while seven were designed to reveal areas of focal functional deficit. Conflicting information was frequently obtained from the tests of epileptic excitability, suggesting that it is probably inaccurate to view patients with partial complex seizures as having a single epileptogenic focus. Presurgical evaluation must therefore be aimed at identifying the focus most responsible for the patient's habitual seizures. Tests of focal functional deficit provided useful nonconflicting confirmatory information in each of the seven patients studied. The most reliable information was obtained from depth electrode implantation, and this procedure should be considered essential except when all evidence of surface-recorded epileptic excitability, including ictal onset, and evidence of focal functional deficit agree. PMID- 7013654 TI - Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 7013653 TI - Treatment of bacterial infections of the central nervous system. AB - Antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial meningitis and other pyogenic intracranial infections have now been in use for approximately 45 years. The last decade, however, has been a period of tremendous advances in knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and other characteristics of the available drugs. The identification of factors that affect their in vivo metabolism and excretion, the importance of drug interactions, and the development of methods for estimation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels have added both complexity and sophistication to the clinical utilization of the antimicrobial agents. The number of available antimicrobials has expanded greatly during recent years, although the penicillins, chloramphenicol, and the aminoglycosides remain the mainstay of antibiotic treatment in the majority of cases of bacterial infection of the central nervous system. PMID- 7013655 TI - Retinal vascular occlusion. PMID- 7013656 TI - Host determinants in staphylococcal disease. PMID- 7013657 TI - Neuroendocrinological effects of alcohol. PMID- 7013658 TI - Anemia of prematurity. PMID- 7013659 TI - Amebic liver abscess. PMID- 7013660 TI - Relations between circulatory and metabolic changes in sepsis. PMID- 7013662 TI - Outlook for acute lymphocytic leukemia in children in 1982. AB - The treatment of childhood ALL has been remarkedly successful over the past 30 years of the chemotherapy era. A substantial proportion of patients, perhaps 40- 50%, are apparently cured with currently available therapy. However, optimal therapy has not yet been devised because of substantial therapeutic failures in the form of relapse and unacceptable side-effects. Remission induction therapy is the most settled aspect of therapy. The addition of asparaginase or an anthracycline to prednisone and vincristine is highly effective. Preventive central nervous system therapy is under revision and study. It is likely that a variety of approaches will be equally effective. Continuation (maintenance) therapy is in the most need of revision because of a majority of therapeutic failures are due to bone marrow relapse--the failure of systemic therapy to prevent emergence of resistant leukemia cells. The optimal duration of therapy has not been established, the relapse rate after cessation of therapy lasting 2-3 years currently being 20-25%. Bone marrow transplantation during remission shows promise as a therapeutic modality, particularly if autologous techniques are successful. The most promising development, however, is our increasing understanding of biological subpopulations of leukemia cells. This ultimately may help us develop more effective and specific therapy for childhood ALL. PMID- 7013663 TI - Cardiac transplantation. AB - Based on the Stanford series of 188 patients, we emphasize that orthotopic cardiac transplantation represents a reasonable therapeutic option for the patient with inoperable end-stage heart disease. Current expectations for survival equal those for organ survival in cadaver renal transplant series and offer a rehabilitation potential of over 90%. Most of the complications limiting survival are due to the currently available means of immunosuppression and, therefore, advances in the field of immunosuppression can be expected to have a major positive influence on survival rates. PMID- 7013661 TI - Treatment of sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7013664 TI - The problem of obesity. AB - In view of the conflicting data, the patent cultural biases under which we labor, and the possible harmful effects of therapy, it seems best that physicians examine the problems of obesity with the same keen scepticism and science they apply to other unsettled issues. To treat disease in the obese is obviously good. To treat simple obesity as a disease may be another matter entirely. PMID- 7013665 TI - Magnesium deficiency and excess. PMID- 7013666 TI - Amyloidosis. PMID- 7013670 TI - The killing of pathogens by phagocytes. PMID- 7013669 TI - Pulmonary edema due to increased microvascular permeability. PMID- 7013667 TI - Pathophysiology of preeclampsia. PMID- 7013668 TI - Bacterial surface components and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. PMID- 7013671 TI - Clostridia and antimicrobial enterocolitis. PMID- 7013673 TI - Pathogenesis of acute bacterial diarrheal disorders. AB - Acute bacterial diarrheal disease is a worldwide problem of enormous magnitude. In recent years a number of bacteria have been added to the list of recognized etiologic agents causing acute diarrheal disease. This was made possible by our increased understanding of the mechanisms by which such bacteria cause diarrhea and by the development of methods to detect these bacterial enteropathogens. We are now able to define an etiologic agent in 50-80% of cases of acute diarrhea, depending on the particular population. The bacterial agents recently incriminated as important causes of diarrhea include E coli Y. enterocolitica, B. cereus, C. fetus, V. parahemolyticus, and many other coliform organisms. Establishment of an enteric infection depends upon a complex interplay between host defense mechanisms and bacterial virulence factors adapted to overcome these defenses. Bacterial enteropathogens cause diarrhea primarily by elaborating enterotoxins (which also requires the organisms to adhere to the surface of the intestinal cell) and by invading the intestinal mucosa. The number of known bacterial enterotoxins has rapidly increased. Enterotoxins cause intestinal secretion and diarrhea by stimulating the adenyl cyclase system or the guanyl cyclase system and by other mechanisms yet to be defined. The ability of enterotoxigenic bacteria to adhere to the intestine involves a specific binding interaction between bacterial structures called pili or fimbriae and specific receptors on the surface of intestinal cells. Both bacterial pili and the intestinal receptors are under genetic control. A variety of other bacteria, Salmonellae, Shigellae, Y. enterocolitica etc, must invade the mucosa to cause diarrheal disease. The ability to invade is essential to the pathogenesis of disease and requires particular surface characteristics of the bacterium as well as the active participation of both the bacterium and the host cell. The bacteria probably elaborate substances that signal the host cell to initiate the invasive process, i.e. endocytosis. The mechanism by which invasive bacteria evoke intestinal secretion is uncertain but is probably a multifactorial process involving products elaborated by the mucosal acute inflammatory reaction and enterotoxins elaborated by the bacteria. PMID- 7013674 TI - Prostaglandins and water excretion. PMID- 7013676 TI - Primary radiation therapy and breast cancer. PMID- 7013672 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7013675 TI - Prostaglandins and the ductus arteriosus. AB - Fetal patency of the ductus arteriosus is an active state maintained by the relaxant action of a prostaglandin, most probably prostaglandin E2. This PG mechanism is most active in the immature ductus and decreases toward term. The ductus closes when this prostaglandin effect if withdrawn. Indomethacin may induce closure of the patent ductus arteriosus of prematurity. It is most likely to be successful if given intravenously and early in postnatal life. Prostaglandin E1, to maintain patency of the ductus, is now established in the emergency management of several congenital heart defects causing problems in the newborn. PMID- 7013677 TI - Convulsive and drug therapies of depression. PMID- 7013678 TI - Downward trend in cardiovascular mortality. PMID- 7013679 TI - Physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7013680 TI - Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7013682 TI - The regulation of renal calcium excretion: an approach to hypercalciuria. PMID- 7013683 TI - The natural history and treatment of ovarian cancer. AB - Several advances in the understanding of the biology and treatment of ovarian cancer over the past five years have changed the pessimistic view of this disease that was formerly commonplace. A cornerstone of the management of patients with ovarian cancer is careful pathological staging both prior to and at the cessation of therapy. Patients with all grades of Stage I lesions except the well differentiated ones should have some form of adjuvant therapy, although the best choice is still unclear. Similarly, Stage II patients, though few in number, have only a 50% change of surviving five years without some adjuvant treatment. Since the best choice is unclear, it would be ideal if such all patients could be treated in a study setting. Every early stage patient treated off study slows the identification of definitive therapy. For the majority of patients with advanced disease, the treatment of choice is aggressive debulking surgery followed by combination chemotherapy. After six cycles of therapy, patients should be restaged sequentially moving all the way to repeat laparotomy, if necessary, to find residual disease before therapy is discontinued. If no disease is found, we randomize patients to either careful follow-up or six cycles of intraperitoneal adjuvant therapy in an effort to prevent relapse. If residual disease is found at restaging (but less disease than at the beginning of treatment), the patient is given six more cycles of combination chemotherapy, though often at reduced doses because of cumulative bone marrow toxicity. After the twelfth cycle of chemotherapy, restaging is repeated. If disease is still present, it is unlikely that the primary therapy will be curative; however, therapy is continued until progressive disease demands a change. The ongoing joint study sponsored by the Ovarian Cancer Study Group and the Gynecologic Oncology Group in early stage disease should assist the clinician in determining the role of adjuvant single agent chemotherapy or radioisotopes. Given the poor prognosis associated with bulky residual Stage II disease, such patients might benefit from adjuvant combination chemotherapy. In advanced disease, a number of ongoing trials are attempting to evaluate the role of radiation therapy in minimal residual Stage III disease and to improve the efficacy of combination chemotherapy. The work along with research aimed at understanding etiology and prevention and speeding diagnosis may further improve the outlook of victims of this disease. PMID- 7013681 TI - Chlamydial infections. PMID- 7013684 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. PMID- 7013685 TI - Prognosis in bundle branch block. AB - Chronic bundle branch block is common and is a marker for associated heart disease. In the asymptomatic patient no diagnostic studies or treatment are required. In the patient with symptoms suggestive of a bradyarrhythmia, attempts to document complete heart block should be made and if this rhythm is demonstrated a permanent pacemaker should be inserted. If no arrhythmia is documented, close clinical follow-up is warranted but insertion of a permanent pacemaker has not been shown to be useful in preventing symptoms or prolonging life. PMID- 7013686 TI - Male erectile disorders. PMID- 7013687 TI - Disorders of glutamate metabolism and neurological dysfunction. AB - Disorders of glutamate metabolism are associated with profound alteration of CNS function. Although the precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for nervous system dysfunction in most of these disorders are unknown, it can be concluded that biochemical aberrations in the metabolism of glutamate usually result in malfunction of the CNS. As with most disorders of amino acid metabolism that are associated with brain dysfunction, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of these disorders remain obscure. Why do some biochemically affected individuals remain free of significant neurological involvement? The explanation that the accumulation of a specific metabolite is responsible for the pathogenesis of a disease process does not answer this and may frequently prove to be incorrect. More complete descriptions of these disorders of glutamate metabolism and their attendant neurological dysfunction will be required before any firm linkage between the biochemical defects and the clinical manifestations of the disease processes can be established. In addition, a much greater knowledge of the control mechanisms regulating glutamate metabolism in the CNS will be needed before the complexities of these disorders can be fully understood. Finally, the dual role of glutamate metabolites as intermediates in crucial pathways of metabolism and as neurotransmitters modulating electrical signals stresses the complexity and importance of glutamate metabolism in CNS function. PMID- 7013688 TI - Testicular cancer. PMID- 7013689 TI - Cephalosporins. PMID- 7013690 TI - Differential diagnosis and treatment of panic attacks and phobic states. AB - Recent advances in our understanding of and ability to treat panic disorders and various types of phobia have been reviewed. A case of agoraphobia was presented in detail to illustrate clinical issues and serve as a basis for discussing differential diagnosis. The presence or absence of spontaneous panic attacks has crucial implications for classifying phobic states. Data and speculations concerning the pathophysiology of agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobia were also presented. Finally, a variety of pharmacological and behavioral treatment approaches, some solidly established, other still investigational, were discussed. PMID- 7013691 TI - Coronary risk factors in the young. AB - The exceptional growth in risk factor assessment and the efficacy of primary prevention in childhood of atherosclerotic and hypertensive diseases is the subject of entire books that have recently collated the results of multiple investigators (58, 59). It is a topic well beyond the constraints of this review. It appears that the major "adult" CHD risk factors, including elevated total plasma and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and initiation of cigarette smoking can usually be recognized in children. There are, as yet, no longitudinal studies that control for one or more of these CHD risk factor variables to determine whether future development of CHD could be prevented or ameliorated. In the absence of unequivocal longitudinal studies of efficacy of intervention, prudent, safe, and well-supervised interventions should be carried out only after exhaustive proof of diagnosis (58). The recently summarized data suggest that they hyperlipoproteinemias, high blood pressure, obesity, and initiation of cigarette smoking can (with varying degrees of success) be dealt with during childhood and adolescence. PMID- 7013692 TI - Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: a selective approach to diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7013693 TI - Genetic component of alcoholism. PMID- 7013695 TI - Computer-assisted method for identification of Bacillus species isolated from liquid antacids. AB - One hundred nineteen species of Bacillus were isolated from five heavily contaminated liquid antacids and their constituent chemicals. The 66 different reaction profiles obtained were expressed in probability figures and stored in a computer. A total of 13 Bacillus species were identified, with B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polymyxa present at particularly high frequencies. The potential advantage of using a computer in the identification of aerobic sporeformers is demonstrated. PMID- 7013694 TI - Failure of the most-probable-number technique to detect coliforms in drinking water and raw water supplies. AB - A procedure was developed to detect false-negative reactions (interference) in the standard most-probable-number (S-MPN) technique for coliform enumeration of untreated surface water and potable water supplies. This modified MPN (M-MPN) procedure allowed a quantitative assessment of the interference with coliform detection in untreated surface water and potable water supplies. Coliform interference was found to occur in the presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests of the S-MPN technique. When coliforms were present, interference with their detection occurred in over 80% of the samples. The inferior nature of the S MPN was revealed by the 100% increase in the incidence of completed coliform positive drinking water samples obtained with the M-MPN technique. The M-MPN procedure was also superior to the standard membrane filter technique. Eight different species of coliforms were recovered from false-negative tests, including Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli (in decreasing order of occurrence). The use of standard MPN techniques for monitoring potable water supplies may lead to a false security that the drinking water supply is potable, i.e., free from indicator bacteria. PMID- 7013696 TI - Persistence of Clostridium botulinum type B on a cattle farm after an outbreak of botulism. AB - On farms involved in botulism outbreaks, cycles of Clostridium botulinum have occurred. The cycles were initiated by feeding brewers' grains contaminated with proteolytic C. botulinum type B to the cows. Spreading of manure containing feces of these cows increased the contamination of the pastures. In grass silages prepared with wilted grass from these pastures the number of C. botulinum type B organisms increased, and toxin type B was produced. Feeding cows with the contaminated silage fodder completed the cycle. Besides contamination of human foodstuffs (milk and meat), further contamination of the environment occurred. It was demonstrated that fowl may be important vectors in spreading C. botulinum. PMID- 7013697 TI - Scanning electron microscope evidence for bacterial colonization of a drinking water distribution system. AB - The surfaces of water distribution mains and suspended particulate matter from drinking water were examined by using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature and extent of association of microorganisms with these surfaces. In addition, X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis was used to determine the elemental constitution of the pipe surface. Though distributed sparsely and randomly along the pipe surface, a variety of morphologically distinguishable bacteria-like structures and microcolonies were observed. The morphologies of the individual cells varied form chain-forming cocci to filamentous and prosthecate cell types. The iron-oxidizing bacterium Gallionella, recognized by its characteristic helical stalks, was observed both in water samples and attached to pipe surfaces. Attachment of some microbes to the pipe surface was apparently mediated by extracellular fibrillar appendages. Large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria were also evident adhering to the surfaces of suspended detritus or silt particles recovered from water samples by filtration. X-ray energy scans of the pipe surface revealed the presence of five major elemental constituents including silicon, phosphorous, sulfur, calcium, and iron. Smaller quantities of the elements zinc, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, and manganese were also detected. The public health significance of sessile microbial communities in drinking-water distribution systems is discussed. PMID- 7013699 TI - Bacteroides species: maintenance of laboratory strains. AB - A medium composed of blood agar base (40 g/liter), yeast extract (5 g/liter), and cysteine hydrochloride (0.05 g/liter), completely filling screw-cap tubes (13 by 100 mm), can keep Bacteroides species alive for at least 10 months without refrigeration. PMID- 7013698 TI - Differential plating medium for quantitative detection of histamine-producing bacteria. AB - A histidine-containing agar medium has been devised for quantitative detection of histamine-producing bacteria that are alleged to be associated with scombroid fish poisoning outbreaks. The responsible bacteria produce a marked pH change in the agar, with attendant color change of pH indicator adjacent to the colonies, thus facilitating their recognition. Proteus morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the two most common histidine-decarboxylating species isolated from scombroid fish and mahi mahi. PMID- 7013701 TI - Cadmium-binding component in Escherichia coli during accommodation to low levels of this ion. AB - An inducible cadmium-binding protein was isolated from Escherichia coli cells accommodated to 3 X 10(-6) M Cd2+ but not from normal or unaccommodated cells. Sephadex G-100, metal chelate affinity chromatography, and disc gel electrophoresis were used in the purification procedure. The molecular weight of the Cd2+-binding protein was estimated to be about 39,000 by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, making it different from the conventional, much smaller metallothionein. PMID- 7013700 TI - Bacteria associated with false-positive most-probable-number coliform test results for shellfish and estuaries. AB - Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria isolated from false-positive, presumptive, total coliform, most-probable-number tests of Chesapeake Bay oyster, water, and sediment samples were characterized and then classified by numerical taxonomy. A total of 538 bacterial strains clustered into 17 phena, the predominant groups of which were Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia coli), Aeromonas spp., and Bacillus spp. Bacillus spp. were recovered most frequently from sediment samples. Gas-producing strains which were not members of the Enterobacteriaceae were not isolated during this study. However, disproportionately large numbers of atypical and anaerogenic lactose-fermenting strains were encountered. We concluded that no single, specific bacterial group can be identified as being responsible for the false-positive reaction in the presumptive coliform test. Instead, the false-positive reaction is a result of complex interactions among various genera, representing predominantly bacteria other than coliforms. PMID- 7013702 TI - Ecological distribution of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Bacteria were concentrated 500-fold from 20-liter water samples collected from 67 different lakes and rivers in the United States. The data suggest that Legionella pneumophila is part of the natural aquatic environment and that the bacterium is capable of surviving extreme ranges of environmental conditions. The data further demonstrate the effectiveness of the direct fluorescent-antibody technique for detecting L. pneumophila in natural aquatic systems. Smears of the concentrated samples were screened microscopically for serogroups of L. pneumophila by the direct fluorescent-antibody technique. Virtually all of the 793 samples were found to be positive by this method. The 318 samples containing the largest numbers of positive bacteria which were morphologically consistent with L. pneumophila were injected into guinea pigs for attempted isolations. Isolates were obtained from habitats with a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Samples collected monthly from a thermally altered lake and injected into guinea pigs demonstrated a seasonality of infection, with the highest frequency of infection occurring during the summer months. PMID- 7013704 TI - Antibiotic resistance and R-plasmids in food chain Salmonella: evidence of plasmid relatedness. AB - A large number of strains (1,783) belonging to 15 Salmonella serovars isolated, in Canada, from the three major links of the human food chain were screened for multiple antibiotic resistance and the presence of R-plasmids. Multiresistant strains occurred among animal feed, livestock, and human isolates at frequencies of 4, 22, and 14%, respectively. Conjugation analysis revealed that 58% of the isolates from feeds, 87% of those from livestock, and 89% of the human strains carried all or part of their resistance determinants extrachromosomally on R plasmids. Conjugative plasmids representing nine different incompatibility groups were detected, with the Inc I alpha group being predominant. Within the limits of the parameters measured, certain of these plasmids show a degree of relatedness suggestive of a common ancestry. PMID- 7013703 TI - Recovery of coliphages from wastewater effluents and polluted lake water by the magnetite-organic flocculation method. AB - A magnetite-organic flocculation method was developed for the concentration of coliphages from wastewater effluents and polluted lake water. A high percent (68 to 100%) recovery of coliphages from sewage effluents was achieved by this procedure. Coliphage recovery from Lake Alice, a sewage-contaminated lake, showed phage concentrations ranging from 2.3 X 10(2) to 1.9 X 10(3) plaque-forming units per liter. This method is simple and inexpensive and may be carried out under field conditions. PMID- 7013706 TI - Coliform species recovered from untreated surface water and drinking water by the membrane filter, standard, and modified most-probable-number techniques. AB - The species of total coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water and untreated surface water by the membrane filter (MF), the standard most-probable-number (S MPN), and modified most-probable-number (M-MPN) techniques were compared. Each coliform detection technique selected for a different profile of coliform species from both types of water samples. The MF technique indicated that Citrobacter freundii was the most common coliform species in water samples. However, the fermentation tube techniques displayed selectivity towards the isolation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. The M-MPN technique selected for more C. freundii and Enterobacter spp. from untreated surface water samples and for more Enterobacter and Klebsiella spp. from drinking water samples than did the S-MPN technique. The lack of agreement between the number of coliforms detected in a water sample by the S-MPN, M-MPN, and MF techniques was a result of the selection for different coliform species by the various techniques. PMID- 7013705 TI - Biochemical characteristics and identification of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from meats. AB - The isolation and identification of 2,220 Enterobacteriaceae from meats indicated that Escherichia coli biotype I, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Serratia liquefaciens were the principal types to be differentiated in meats. Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter hafniae were also commonly identified. Identification of isolates by the Encise II (Roche Diagnostics Inc., Nutley, N.J.) and Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) coding systems gave similar results with only 255 (11.5%) discrepancies in identity, but both systems required large numbers of supplementary tests for identification of the isolates. Not only the distribution of Enterobacteriaceae types isolated from meats but also some of the biochemical reactions of the isolates differed from those of clinical isolates. The Minitek technique is recommended because of its versatility. However, with the addition of cellobiose and salicin disks and the inclusion of methyl red to the Minitek test and the use of the Voges-Proskauer test and gas production in EC medium at elevated temperature as standard tests, the identification of these Enterobacteriaceae from meats would be greatly facilitated. The inclusion of the motility test, for example, using nitrate motility agar, would also be of value to Enterobacteriaceae identification. PMID- 7013707 TI - Chitinase-overproducing mutant of Serratia marcescens. AB - Genetic modification of Serratia marcescens QMB1466 was undertaken to isolated mutants which produce increased levels of chitinolytic activity. After mutagenesis with ultraviolet light, ethyl methane sulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine, 19,940 colonies were screened for production of enlarged zones of clearing (indicative of chitinase activity) on chitin-containing agar plates. Forty-four chitinase high producers were tested further in shake flask cultures. Mutant IMR-1E1 was isolated which, depending on medium composition, produced two to three times more than the wild type of the other components of the chitinolytic enzyme system--a factor involved in the hydrolysis of crystalline chitin and chitobiase. After induction by chitin, endochitinase and chitobiase activity appeared at similar times for both IMR-1E1 and QMB1466, suggesting possible coordinate control of these enzymes. The results are consistent with IMR-1E1 containing a regulatory mutation which increased production of the components of the chitinolytic enzyme system and/or with IMR 1E1 containing a tandem duplication of the chitinase genes. The high rate of reversion of IMR-1E1 to decreased levels of chitinase production suggests that the overproduction of chitinase by IMR-1E1 is due to a tandem gene duplication. PMID- 7013710 TI - Immunofluorescent evidence of Proteus mirabilis swarm cell formation on sterilized rat feces. AB - Swarming Proteus spp. were detected with the use of proteometry (a most-probable number technique) in the fecal material of selected animal species and in raw sewage from a local sewage treatment plant. Proteus spp. were not detected in any of several soil and freshwater samples examined. Since rat feces harbored high numbers of Proteus mirabilis compared with other habitats examined, we chose to examine it for the possibility of supporting swarming. Immunofluorescent studies with a strain-specific conjugate revealed the morphogenesis of short forms into elongated swarm cells upon the surface of sterilized rat feces that had been inoculated with short forms of P. mirabilis. the same phenomenon was not observed consistently when nonsterile rat feces were inoculated and examined with immunofluorescence. PMID- 7013708 TI - Solar radiation induces sublethal injury in Escherichia coli in seawater. AB - Sublethal injury was noted in Escherichia coli after cells were exposed to solar radiation. Injury was detected by differential plate counts between complete and minimal media that were observed with sunlight-exposed cells but not with cells kept in the dark. Since addition of catalase or pyruvate to minimal medium overcame or repaired this injury, the catalase system appeared to be the site of injury. PMID- 7013709 TI - Nature of intracellular type A botulinum neurotoxin. AB - The neurotoxin in cells of young Clostridium botulinum type A culture was extracted with lysozyme. Highly purified neurotoxin preparation, obtained by processing the extract in two chromatographic steps had only unnicked (single chain) molecules of molecular weight comparable to that of the dichains isolated from type A crystals. Trypsinization converted the unnicked molecules into dichains whose component subunits were of sizes indistinguishable from those of the neurotoxin from crystals. The enzymatic treatment increased toxicity of crude extract 30-fold but did not activate the purified intracellular neurotoxin preparation. The results indicated that intracellular type A botulinum neurotoxin is unnicked, is not fully activated, and is activated in the time between its extraction and purification. Since trypsinization nicked all of the single chains without increasing toxicity, nicking was not causally related to toxicity activation. PMID- 7013711 TI - Substrate specificity and stereospecificity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked alcohol dehydrogenases from methanol-grown yeasts. AB - Nicotine adenine dinucleotide-linked primary alcohol dehydrogenase and a newly discovered secondary alcohol dehydrogenase coexist in most strains of methanol grown yeasts. Alcohol dehydrogenases from methanol-grown yeasts oxidize (--)-2 butanol preferentially over its (+) enantiomorph. This is substantially different from alcohol dehydrogenases from bakers' yeast and horse liver. PMID- 7013712 TI - Simple filter paper procedure for estimation of glucose uptake via group translocation by whole-cell suspensions of bacteria. AB - A simple and rapid filter paper technique is described for processing samples from glucose uptake studies with whole cells of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria that transport glucose via group translocation. The procedure yields results equivalent to those obtained with a conventional membrane filtration method and requires no special filtration equipment or source of vacuum. PMID- 7013714 TI - Pretibial myxedema. PMID- 7013713 TI - Isolation of Candida albicans from freshwater and sewage. AB - The isolation and identification of Candida albicans from polluted aquatic environments were facilitated by the inclusion of a selective medium and a differential screening medium to detect the reduction of 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride. C. albicans occurred commonly in low numbers in sewage influents, rivers, and streams. PMID- 7013715 TI - Bullous dermatosis vs amyloidosis. PMID- 7013716 TI - Bullous dermatoses of pregnancy. AB - Eight women had a bullous skin disease that occurred during pregnancy. One patient had clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic features of pemphigus. The other seven patients showed the features of herpes gestationis. Oral contraceptives reproduced the disease in the pemphigus patient and in one of the others. When the pemphigus patient was free of active disease, local intraepidermal acantholytic blister formation with deposition of IgG and C3 in the intercellular substance of the epidermis was induced by intradermal injection of progesterone. PMID- 7013717 TI - [Enrique Perez Castro (1908-1980)]. PMID- 7013718 TI - [Anthology of urology. Prof. Alexander von Lichtenberg (1880-1980)]. PMID- 7013719 TI - Significance of fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. AB - Fibronectin is a glycoprotein secreted by connective tissue cells into their environment and into the blood. Plasma fibronectin has been isolated and used to prepare an antiserum. This has been shown to be specific for fibronectin and unreactive with fibrin(ogen) and collagen, to which fibronectin binds in vitro. The antiserum has been used to examine the distribution of this protein in the synovium in health, in rheumatoid arthritis, and in osteoarthrosis, and to estimate levels in plasma and synovial fluid. The results suggest that fibronectin is synthesised by synovial cells, and the synovial fluid level of fibronectin was found to be about twice the plasma level in rheumatoid arthritis. In long-standing arthritis fibronectin was also found to be codistributed with (presumably by adsorption upon) fibrin and immature collagen in intra-articular structures but was no longer demonstrable in areas where mature collagen had been formed in areas undergoing fibrosis. The possible significance of local fibronectin production within joints in relation to its possible effect on the resolution or continuance of arthritis is discussed. PMID- 7013720 TI - Entanglement of sutures with struts of mitral bioprosthesis: how to prevent it. AB - A simple device created to prevent the entanglement of sutures with the struts of a bioprosthesis in the mitral position is presented. The technique appears to be effective, safe for the valve cusps, and easy to employ. PMID- 7013721 TI - Disopyramide and mexiletine: which is the agent of choice in the long term-oral treatment of lidocaine-responsive arrhythmias? Efficacy comparison in a randomized trial. AB - Forty patients with serious lidocaine-responsive ventricular arrhythmias were randomly assigned to treatment with either oral disopyramide (100 mg 4 times daily) or mexiletine (200 mg 4 times daily) for 3 weeks. A satisfactory arrhythmias control (greater than 75 % reduction of premature ventricular complexes per minute as compared to the control period prior to lidocaine administration) was achieved in 19 patients in the mexiletine group and in 16 in the disopyramide treated patients. Furthermore, disopyramide failed to maintain the reduction of the number of ventricular extrasystoles per minute obtained with lidocaine, while mexiletine succeeded. Finally, the number of ventricular extrasystoles per minute in the mexiletine treated group was significantly lower than in the other group. Gastrointestinal disturbances were more frequent during mexiletine administration. PMID- 7013722 TI - Furosemide intravenous infusion in normal man: electrolytic, metabolic and hormonal effects. Lack of changes in basal insulin and glucagon plasma levels. AB - Eight overnight fasted healthy young volunteers received an intravenous infusion of 0.5 mg furosemide per kg body weight administered in 60 min. This period was preceded and followed by two control periods of one hour each during which physiological saline (o.154 mol/l) was administered at a rate of 1 ml/min. Furosemide markedly increased the diuresis and natriuresis which reached 1260 +/- 198 ml and 138.4 +/- 20.9 mmol per hour respectively. This was associated with a significant three fold increase in urinary total catecholamines excretion. Blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, insulin and glucagon concentrations did not exhibit any significant change during and after furosemide infusion, compared to pre-infusion values. These results demonstrate that, in normal man, doses of furosemide capable of exerting plasma concentrations. It is concluded that the stimulation of insulin and glucagon secretion observed in vitro with high furosemide concentrations (5 mmol/l) are not observed under usual therapeutic conditions. PMID- 7013724 TI - Prostaglandins E1 and E2, but neither prostacyclin nor prostaglandin D2 have anti aggregating activity in chicken blood. PMID- 7013725 TI - The irritable bowel syndrome. A clinical review and ethical considerations. AB - The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is clinically characterized by a wide variety of symptoms, including dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, cramping abdominal pain, constipation and/or diarrhea, and nonspecific symptoms, probably reflecting autonomic nervous system overreactivity. Physiologically, the colonic motor abnormality is characterized by an altered slow-wave rhythm, quantitative differences from normal in the repetitive contraction pattern of the rectosigmoid area, and increased colonic muscle responsiveness to hormones such as cholecystokinin and pentagastrin. The diagnosis of IBS involves practical and ethical considerations as well as the need for decisive reassurance of the patient through judicious examination. Treatment of IBS requires a thoughtful and sensitive approach to the patient, recognition of IBS as an important clinical problem, regularization of bowel function, relief of the abdominal discomfort, and intelligent emotional support. PMID- 7013726 TI - Evaluation of kappa carrageenan as a substitute for agar in microbiological media. AB - Seventy-one samples of the colloid kappa-carrageenan extracted from 12 seaweed species were subjected to a number of standard physical demands of solid bacteriological culture media. All samples had a lower melting temperature (less than 67 degrees C) than agar and a gelling (setting) temperature between l6 degrees C and 51 degrees C, some the same and others lower or higher than agar. Temperature spreads were narrow (ca 10 degrees C) to broad (ca 30 degrees C), depending on the seaweed source, but none were as broad as that of agar (ca 40 degrees C). The majority of commercially prepared samples held a slant when incubated at 37 degrees C, but California seaweed colloids were best at 28 degrees C in this test. The majority of samples released little to no water of syneresis in slant tests as well as in plates. Some plates prepared with the colloid were crystal clear as compared to agar plates. All test microorganisms grew as well on kappa-carrageenan media s on agar media. Some media responses could be attributable to the seaweed species, but others could be traced to chemical extraction methods and modification of the colloid. PMID- 7013723 TI - Comparative evaluation of the factors regulating vascular resistance in dogs, anesthetized with morphine-chloralose or pentobarbital. AB - Factors regulating hindlimb vascular resistance were comparatively evaluated in groups of mongel dogs anesthetized either with sodium pentobarbital(p) or morphine + chloralose (M + C). Pressure flow curved obtained in the perfused hindlimb studies indicated that, while the overall hindlimb resistance is greater in M + C group, the resting neurogenic tone and the tone contributed by circulating catecholamines were essentially similar in both groups. Thus the data suggest that myogenic activity is greater under M + C anesthesia, and this phenomenon may be related to differences in the plasma renin activity noted in the two groups. Vasodilator responses to isoproterenol and acetylcholine were not different between the groups while the vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine were greater in M + C group. It is suggested that the differences noted in the vascular profile of dogs under these two anesthetics may have some influence on the pharmacological effect of agents studied. PMID- 7013727 TI - Hybridization of Candida albicans through fusion of protoplasts. AB - Protoplasts of complementing auxotrophs of Candida albicans can fuse in the presence of polyethylene glycol and generate prototrophic cells. The yields of prototrophs from fusion mixtures depend greatly on the particular combinations of auxotrophies involved but not on other features of the strain backgrounds of protoplasts. The initial cellular products of fusions isolated on selective media are heterokaryons which replicate slowly but also segregate single parental nuclei into blastospores in high frequency. Karyogamy within heterokaryons produces hybrid nuclei which, on segregation, give rise to rapidly growing, uninucleate substrains. Analyses of the substrains show that hybrid nuclei either stabilize as diploid or undergo random loss of chromosomes to stabilize at various levels of aneuploidy prior to segregation. Chromosome losses and radiation induced mitotic crossing-over can effect recombination for parental auxotrophic markers in hybrids; patterns of recombination for ader and arg markers provide the first documented example of chromosomal linkage in C. albicans. Thus, protoplast fusions offer opportunities otherwise unavailable for applying the incisive tools of genetic recombination to analysis of this important, asexual yeast. PMID- 7013728 TI - [Normal and pathologic development of autonomous nerve plexus in the intestine]. PMID- 7013730 TI - Touch imprints: their use in the frozen-section diagnosis of alveolar soft-part sarcoma. AB - A case of alveolar soft-part sarcoma was studied. It illustrates the use of touch imprint preparations on fresh tissue sections examined while frozen. The technique is simple to use and can be applied to a wide variety of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Touch imprints substantially contribute to accurate histopathologic interpretation of lesions submitted for frozen-section diagnosis. PMID- 7013731 TI - The historical context of Franz Kallmann and psychiatric genetics. PMID- 7013729 TI - Association of infectious mononucleosis with nephrotic syndrome. AB - A patient had infectious mononucleosis (IM) associated with transient nephrotic syndrome (NS). A kidney biopsy sample studied by light and electron microscopy demonstrated minimal glomerular lesions. Immunofluorescent studies revealed mainly granular mesangial deposits of IgM, and to a lesser extent, deposits of IgG and of C4 and C3. No Epstein-Barr virus-related antigen could be detected in the kidney. This, and three other cases reported in the literature, suggest a causal relationship between IM and NS. PMID- 7013732 TI - Serogrouping of haemolytic streptococci by slide co-agglutination with streptic A, B, C, g reagents. PMID- 7013734 TI - Detection of R plasmids with a restrictive effect on phage-bacteria Salmonella systems. PMID- 7013733 TI - The incidence of mycoplasmas in stomatological disorders and in the oral cavity. PMID- 7013736 TI - Recipient selection for cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7013735 TI - [Interrelation between gastrin and insulin in a group of normal subjects]. AB - The insulin secretory action of gastrin during O.G.T.T. has been assessed. The insulinaemic and gastrinaemic curves were evaluated in a group of normal subjects submitted to oral glucose load, using radioimmunological measurement techniques. At a later stage, the insulinaemic values were considered in the same subjects after administration of a gastrin analogue (pentagastrin) by the subcutaneous route in a dose such as to provoke a maximal gastric acid response. The data suggest that any participation of gastrin in the regulation of insulin secretion following a glucose meal can be excluded. PMID- 7013737 TI - [Genetic aspects of neoplasia]. AB - The aggregation of cancer in families, possible causes of tissue specificity of hereditary susceptibility to cancer, as well as various kinds of inherited enzyme disorders regarded as the basis of this susceptibility are discussed. Different aspects of the relationship between cell neoplastic transformation and differentiation are analysed. Special attention is given to the capacity of differentiation inducers to reverse in some instances the malignant phenotype of the tumor cell progeny. In addition, some data are cited that indicate instability of DNA molecule in neoplastic cell transformation, differentiation and hormone action. PMID- 7013738 TI - Focal EEG abnormalities in Heidenhain's variant of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. AB - Serial EEGs obtained during a six-week period from a patient with Heidenhain's variant of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease demonstrated periodic complexes confined to the occipital regions that at no time became generalized. The focal character of the discharges correlated with the site of maximal disease in the occipital cortex, suggesting that cortical damage is a necessary substrate for the production of periodic complexes in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. PMID- 7013739 TI - Clinical types of corneal transplant rejection. Their manifestations, frequency, preoperative correlates, and treatment. AB - We report a retrospective series of 156 penetrating keratoplasties that were performed in 144 patients during a two-year period, with a minimum of one-year follow-up. Three different types of rejection were identified--endothelial rejection, epithelial rejection, and subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs). We also report the clinical signs, frequency, preoperative correlates, significance, and treatment of each type of rejection. The overall frequency of any kind of rejection was 29%. Endothelial rejection was seen in 21% of the grafts, epithelial rejection was seen in 10% of the grafts, and SEIs was seen in 15% of the grafts. The frequency of endothelial rejection increased with preoperative corneal vascularization. All three types of rejection decreased in frequency with the increasing age of the recipient. Endothelial rejection was more successfully treated in the cases that had no preoperative stromal vascularization. PMID- 7013740 TI - Keratocyte survival in keratophakia lenticules. AB - Keratocyte survival in corneal lenticules preparing by cryolathing was evaluated using the vital stain, nitroblue tetrazolium. A comparison was made between lenticules inserted in the recipient cornea immediately after grinding and those inserted after one week of storage in either glycerin or liquid nitrogen. In all three groups, no viable keratocytes stained in the donor lenticule at one or three days after surgery. Ten days after insertion, however, all three groups showed a few staining cells within the body of the lenticule, suggesting beginning repopulation of the donor collagenous framework with viable cells from the host. Since the donor keratocytes are dead, healing of keratophakia lenticules is not influenced adversely by storing the donor material. Thus, keratophakia lenticules could be prepared in advance of surgery and stored in glycerin or liquid nitrogen until needed. PMID- 7013741 TI - Placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease. A double-blind, placebo controlled study on endolymphatic sac shunt surgery. AB - To investigate the placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease, a double blind controlled study was undertaken, comparing effects of a regular endolymphatic shunt with those of regular mastoidectomy. Thirty patients with typical Meniere's diseases, selected because of unsuccessful medical treatment, participated. Patients completed daily dizziness questionnaires three months before and 12 months after surgery, with registration of nausea, vomiting, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, and pressure in the ears. Patients were operated on at two universities, and the patients operated on at one underwent controlled study each month at the other. At termination of the trial, both investigators and patients gave their opinions of the efficacy of the operations. Minor differences were seen between active and placebo groups, but the greatest difference in symptoms was found when preoperative and postoperative scores were compared: both groups improved significantly PMID- 7013743 TI - Mary Patten ends ten years at the helm of RANF. PMID- 7013744 TI - Snippets from the past and present of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation with comment by a retiring Federal Secretary. PMID- 7013742 TI - [Laryngeal and tracheal stenoses (author's transl)]. AB - Following the recent literature and our clinical experiences we try to present a review of the most common reasons, the pathogenetic factors, and the preferred localisation of laryngeal and tracheal stenoses. We offer a therapeutic concept corresponding with our experimental findings and discuss the different surgical techniques as well as the clinical results we obtained. PMID- 7013746 TI - T. Aubrey Bowen and his house at 167 Collins Street East, Melbourne. PMID- 7013745 TI - The artificial eye. PMID- 7013748 TI - A prospective trial of 5-FU and BCNU in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of a combination of 5-FU and BCNU in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Patients whose cancer was recurrent following surgery or in whom surgery was deemed inappropriate were entered in the study and given the two-drug combination at six-weekly intervals until either death or clear progression of disease occurred. Five of twenty-eight patients had unequivocal regression of their disease. The early optimism for this form of therapy in advanced gastric cancer is not supported by this study. PMID- 7013747 TI - The effect of fluorouracil on survival in metastatic colorectal cancer fluorouracil response improves survival. AB - We set out to define the place for therapy with fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Sixty-three patients with stage D2 cancers were observed for seventeen months to five years from the time of diagnosis. Thirty patients received fluorouracil in various regimens. Nineteen patients were not referred for chemotherapy, a further eleven were excluded because their condition was terminal, and three could be evaluated. Ten patients had either partial or complete response to fluorouracil; their median survival was 25 months. Twenty patients who did not respond to fluorouracil had a median survival of 11 months, whereas the non-treated group had a median survival of 15 months. The difference between the responders and the other groups was highly significant. PMID- 7013749 TI - Aminoglutethimide therapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - Aminoglutethimide inhibited adrenal steroid synthesis, as assessed by serial estimations of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in ten patients with advanced breast cancer. There was a favourable response in seven out of the ten patients, and in four there was an objective remission using UICC criteria. Favourable responses were more common in patients who had shown similar responses to previous endocrine therapy, especially a response to tamoxifen. Side effects were mild: two patients exhibited a drug sensitivity reaction, but neither required cessation of therapy. Adrenal suppression by aminoglutethimide is effective and well tolerated, and is therefore preferable to surgical adrenalectomy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7013750 TI - Long-term high-dose mebendazole for cystic hydatid disease of liver: failure in two cases. AB - Mebendazole was given as definitive therapy to four patients with cystic hydatid disease of the liver who were later explored surgically. Viable hydatid material was removed from two patients after continuous therapy with 40 mg/kg/day for eight and three months respectively. The hydatid material was necrotic in the other two patients. This drug appeared to be ineffective as definitive treatment of two of these four patients with established hydatid disease of the liver. PMID- 7013752 TI - The founders of the College. PMID- 7013751 TI - Oesophageal microbial flora in carcinoma of the oesophagus. AB - In 79 patients, with carcinoma of the oesophagus, oesophageal aspirates obtained at oesophagoscopy were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms in an attempt to identify the microbial flora. The aspirate culture was correlated with the pathogens isolated when infective complications developed after operation. Bacteroides were isolated from the oesophagus in 39.2% of patients, streptococcus in 10.1% and coliform organisms in 7.6%. No growth was obtained in 35.4% patients. Forty-one patients underwent oesophageal resection. Six of these had the complication of empyema thoracis in the postoperative period. Two patients had identical organisms isolated from the oesophagus and the empyema. B. melaninogenicus was cultured from the pleural fluid in two patients whose oesophageal aspirate culture yielded no growth. Six patients developed wound infection, all with anastomotic cutaneous fistula. There was no demonstrable relationship between the organisms isolated from two sources. Prophylactic antibiotic administration should be directed against the bacteroides, since it is the most common organism isolated from within the oesophagus. PMID- 7013754 TI - Social behavior of pine voles, Microtus pinetorum: effects of gender, familiarity, and isolation. PMID- 7013753 TI - The septal forebrain and the inhibitory modulation of attack and defense in the rat. A review. PMID- 7013755 TI - Infanticide in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus: significance in relation to social system and population cycling. PMID- 7013756 TI - [Comparative quantitative studies of the determination of sublethally damaged salmonellas in animal meal]. PMID- 7013757 TI - An immunocytochemical screening of human-mouse cell hybrid colonies expressing a specific human gene. AB - An immunocytochemical method has been devised which allows the screening of a large number of human x mouse cell hybrid colonies for the retention of a specific human chromosomal gene and the presence of its translation product. The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol isomerase; EC 5.3.1.9) was chosen as a marker which is known to be controlled by the gene on human chromosome 19. The technique involves three steps: (i) immobilization of growing cell colonies in agar gel containing antibody that specifically reacts with human-type PGI; (ii) lysis of the embedded cells with Triton X-100 to release enzyme antigens and precipitate as an immune complex; and (iii) visualization of the antibody-fixed enzymes by histochemical activity staining. Human PGI activity released from a colony consisting of as few as eight cells generated an adequate signal. Variation of intensity was noticed and attributed to gene dosage in individual cells. The percentage of human PGI positive colonies in each of nine independent hybrid lines estimated by this method generally paralleled the frequency of retention of human chromosome 19 determined by conventional karyotyping. The technique can be applied to many other markers and be used as "a half-selection" system in combination with the "replica plating" method. PMID- 7013759 TI - Insulin receptor defect in diabetic man with chronic renal failure: a comparison of erythrocyte insulin binding in diabetic and nondiabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7013758 TI - Prorenin measurements and sensitivity to spironolactone: a clinical tool for pathophysiological characterization of low-renin hypertension. PMID- 7013760 TI - Liver total protein in relation to cause of death in man. PMID- 7013761 TI - Prolactin-induced accumulation of casein mRNA in mouse mammary explants: a selective role of glucocorticoid. PMID- 7013762 TI - Evidence that insulin and concanavalin-A can co-bind to solubilized insulin receptors without inhibiting each other. PMID- 7013763 TI - Bacitracin: an inhibitor of the insulin degrading activity of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase. PMID- 7013764 TI - Yeast mitochondrial and cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 7013766 TI - Variations in mitochondrial DNA concentration as a function of different growth conditions in yeast. PMID- 7013767 TI - Cytochrome P-450: a pharmacological necessity or a biochemical curiosity? PMID- 7013765 TI - Regulation of the escherichia coli tryptophan operon by readthrough of UGA termination codons. PMID- 7013768 TI - Mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase- and aldehyde dehydrogenase-mediated ethanol oxidation in the digestive tract of the rat. PMID- 7013769 TI - [3-Amino-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides with antihypertensive and possibly diabetogenic activity (author's transl)]. AB - By reaction of dialkylaminoalkylamines or omega-amino-alkylethers with 2H-1,2,4 benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides bearing a group in the 3-position labile towards nucleophilic substitution (Cl, CH3S, CH3CO2), the corresponding 3-substituted amino-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides are obtained. A series of these compounds exerts an antihypertensive effect in the renally hypertonic rat after oral administration and in the "two-kidney hypertensive dog" after parenteral administration. Two compounds (1 and 4) were studied thoroughly in comparison to diazoxide (16) and the known piperazino compound (17). At 10 mg/kg in the rat, diazoxide causes a marked reduction of water and electrolyte excretion but at this dosage 1 and 4 are neither diuretic nor antidiuretic. In the hyperglycaemia test on normal rats at a dosage 30--100 times that required for an antihypertensive effect, 1 and 4 show after 300 mg/kg no hyperglycaemic effect and after 1000 mg/kg p.o. a very weak one. 17 has a weak hyperglycaemic effect at 300 mg/kg diazoxide a strong one. However, intensive glucose loading studies on diabetic rats (reduced glucose-tolerance) and on metabolically healthy rats with glucose loading showed that compounds 1 and 4 as well as the piperazine derivative 17 inhibit insulin release, albeit in higher doses than does diazoxide. In animals with insulin resistance a diabetic metabolic condition occurs with high blood-sugar levels. Owing to this possible diabetogenic activity, testing and application of 1, 4 and the known 7-chloro-3-(4-methyl-1 piperazinyl)-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide for blood-sugar lowering activity to human volunteers is not considered appropriate. PMID- 7013770 TI - Intravenous labetalol in severe hypertension. Effects on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and catecholamines. AB - 2-Hydroxy-(1-hydroxy-[(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-2-ethyl)-5-benzamide (labetalol), a new alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was employed in 21 patients with severe hypertension by slow (6 patients) and rapid (15 patients) i.v. infusion. A marked and significant fall of blood pressure was observed in both groups, though more gradual in patients treated by slow infusion. A rapid blood pressure fall with cardiac output decrease was observed by passing from supine to standing position in the first hours after infusion. Therefore, it is advisable to keep a supine position for a few hours. Plasma renin activity decreased after labetalol infusion, but basal plasma renin levels were not related to hypotensive effect of labetalol. In slow infusion patients, plasma noradrenaline levels increased and no changes of plasma adrenaline levels were observed during infusion. The most likely explanation of these variations is an increase of sympathetic activity secondary to hypotension, caused by labetalol, whereas a technical interference seems to be excluded. The simultaneous blockade of alpha- and beta-receptors can inhibit, in this case, the pressor effects of the sympathetic reflex. PMID- 7013771 TI - [The dopaminergic system and aldosterone secretion. I. Suppressive effects of L dopa on secondary hyperaldosteronism]. AB - The authors studied the blood aldosterone, cortisol and kalium levels, the plasma renin activity and the aldosterone urinary excretion following L-DOPA (0.50 g per os) administration in seven patients affected by hypertension and secondary hyperaldosteronism. The results suggest that L-DOPA administration, by stimulating the dopaminergic biosynthesis. Nevertheless such a conclusion needs further investigations. PMID- 7013773 TI - Yorkshire dentists in the formative years of the B.D.A. PMID- 7013772 TI - [The dopaminergic system and aldosterone secretion. II. Effect of L-dopa and dexamethasone on aldosterone biosynthesis]. AB - The authors studied the blood aldosterone, cortisol, and kalium levels, the plasma renin activity and the aldosterone urinary excretion following L-Dopa (0,50 g per os) administration in five patients affected by hypertension and six healthy control subjects, before and after the CRF-ACTH system suppression. The observed pattern shows that the aldosterone biosynthesis is inhibited also after the CRF-ACTH system has been suppressed. Therefore the authors conclude that the inhibiting action of L-Dopa on the aldosterone biosynthesis is mediated by the dopaminergic system stimulation. PMID- 7013774 TI - The third decade of cardiac pacing. Multiprogrammable pulse generators. PMID- 7013775 TI - Haemodynamic effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) in pulmonary hypertension. AB - An infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) in four patients with pulmonary hypertension resulted in a dose-related decrease in the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output. No selectivity for the pulmonary vasculature was observed and the drug was not therapeutically beneficial. PMID- 7013776 TI - Low concentrations of misonidazole counteract effects of extreme hypoxia on cells in S. AB - Populations of NHIK 3025 cells synchronized by mitotic selection were exposed at 37 degrees C to extreme hypoxia in absence and presence of misonidazole (MISO). Cells in G1, S or G2 and mitosis were treated for 3 h. Inhibition of cell-cycle progression by this treatment was measured by flow cytometry of DNA histograms and cell inactivation was measured by colony formation. The exposure to hypoxia alone of cells in G1 or in G2 and mitosis led to only minor cell-cycle inhibition, and hardly reduced cell survival. However, the exposure of cells in S to hypoxia alone had a strong inhibitory effect on cell-cycle progression, and cell survival was only 40% of untreated cells. Low concentrations of MISO (0.05 0.4 mM) during exposure of cells in S to hypoxia, produced less cell-cycle inhibition than after hypoxia alone, and cell survival was restored to 100%. The presence of MISO during the 3h exposure to hypoxia of cells in G1 or in G2 and mitosis only increased the effects of hypoxia alone. MISO at concentrations greater than 0.8 mM during hypoxia produced cell inactivation, for all phases of the cell cycle, comparable to that already known from the literature. PMID- 7013778 TI - Paramyxoviruses of the morbilli group in the wild hedgehog Erinaceus europeus. AB - Dead and sick hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) were examined, together with apparently healthy individuals, and paramyxo virus of the morbilli group was isolated. One animal's symptoms were similar to those caused by canine distemper and the virus isolate from faecal suspensions from this animal were antigenically related in various degrees to measles, canine distemper, rinderpest and PPRV viruses. Isolates from normal hedgehogs were found to belong to the same group. The variability and host specificity of members of paramyxo morbilli group virus are discussed and the role of natural infections of wild communities is considered in relation to disease in domestic animals and man. PMID- 7013779 TI - Haemolytic anaemia in the Gunn rat following transplantation of isolated hepatocytes injected with Haemobartonella muris. AB - Extensively purified preparations of isolated rat hepatocytes derived from Wistar rats infected with Haemobartonella muris induced haemolytic anaemia when injected into congenitally jaundiced Gunn rats. In the absence of overt parasitaemia and marked falls in haematocrit, elevation of total plasma bilirubin levels was a valuable indicator of red-cell destruction. Evidence is presented that the parasite is removed by the spleen from the surface of infected red cells which then remain in the circulation. PMID- 7013777 TI - Heterogeneity of rat peritoneal and alveolar macrophage populations: characterization of their surface antigens by antisera. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits against rat peritoneal and alveolar macrophages and against rat thymocytes. In vitro investigations of these antisera using dye exclusion tests and cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence methods indicated that the immunizing cell types exhibited shared and specific antigens. Extensive absorption studies confirmed these findings, and showed some specificity of the anti-peritoneal serum for peritoneal macrophages and of the anti-alveolar serum for alveolar cells. PMID- 7013781 TI - Combined synchronous abdomino-vaginal operation in management of recurrent urinary stress incontinence. AB - A synchronous combined abdomino-vaginal repair operation is described which enables adequate mobilisation and subsequent fixation of the urethro-vesical junction with accurate insertion of supporting stitches. This procedure is of great value in the management of patients with previous failed anterior colporrhaphy for stress incontinence. PMID- 7013780 TI - Antique books in the library of the Royal College of obstetricians and Gynaecologists. PMID- 7013782 TI - Congenital total eversion of the upper eyelids. AB - Eight cases of bilateral and 6 cases of unilateral congenital total eversion of the upper eyelids are reported here. It is suggested that an appreciable overlapping of the lower eyelid margin by the upper eyelid is a predisposing factor in the mechanism of eversion in this condition. Treatment by injection of hyaluronidase into the chemotic conjunctiva followed by placement of a lid suture to revert the eyelid resolves the condition in 1 or 2 days. PMID- 7013783 TI - Physical studies on the ribosomal protein S2 from the Escherichia coli 30S. AB - The protein S2 has been isolated from the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli A19 ribosomes [Littlechild, J., & Malcolm, A.L. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3363-3369]. This salt-extracted protein is soluble and does not aggregate at salt concentrations of 0.3-0.4 M as used under reconstitution conditions. This differs from the S2 protein extracted by the acetic acid and urea method. The molecular weight from sedimentation equilibrium was found to be 29 200, and the protein was found to have a S0(20,w) value of 2.36S. The apparent specific volume at 20 degrees C was 0.726 mL.g(-1), and the D0(20,2) was 7.37 x 10(-7) cm(2)s(-1). The value for intrinsic viscosity was found to be 6.42 mL.g(-1). An axial ratio of (5 6):1 for a prolate ellipsoid of revolution was estimated by using these parameters. The circular dichroism and proton magnetic resonance studies show that protein S2 has both substantial amounts of alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet in solution and appears as a "folded" protein and not a random coil structure. PMID- 7013784 TI - Ambiguity and transcriptional errors as a result of modification of exocyclic amino groups of cytidine, guanosine, and adenosine. PMID- 7013785 TI - Catalytic mechanism of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10. Different properties of native and photochemically cross-linked tRNAPhe can be explained in the light of tRNA conformer equilibria. PMID- 7013786 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear Overhauser effect study of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid imino protons. AB - Results directed primarily toward spectral assignment and nuclear spin dynamics are described for yeast tRNAPhe in 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7. Magnesium titrations were performed. Changes in the spectrum occur for Mg2+/tRNA ratios of about 2 and above 10. Difference spectroscopy between 43 and 29 degrees C in zero Mg2+ concentration, together with prior identification of the GU4 acceptor stem base pair, indicates early acceptor melting and is used to identify acceptor resonances. Transport of spin energy (spin diffusion) is described in tRNA together with a summary of relevant experiments. A survey of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE's) between imino and aromatic and amino protons is included, together with some recent conclusions based on methyl NOE's and experiments with tRNAs deuterated at the purine C8 position. Assignment of the imino NMR spectrum on the basis of these and previous data is reviewed and discussed in detail. Preliminary distance estimates based on the NOE for AU and GU4 base pairs are in reasonable agreement with the expected distances. PMID- 7013787 TI - Environment of the tryptophan residues in a myosin head: a hydrogen-deuterium exchange study. PMID- 7013788 TI - Use of pH studies to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of rabbit muscle creatine kinase. PMID- 7013790 TI - Concentration of activated intermediates of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase reactions. AB - As discovered by Grazi & Trombetta [Grazi, E., & Trombetta, G. (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 361], fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of rabbit muscle causes the slow formation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and methylglyoxal when incubated with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). In addition, these authors found an acid labile intermediate in equilibrium with the aldolase-dihydroxyacetone phosphate complexes representing approximately 60% of the enzyme-bound DHAP species. Experiments are reported here which argue that this acid-labile species is the enzyme-bound enamine phosphate or its equivalent that decomposes by beta elimination in acid. A similar mechanism involving an enediol phosphate is proposed to explain a phosphatase action of triosephosphate isomerase that produces methylglyoxal and Pi at the rate of approximately 0.1 s(-1) at pH 5.5. When DHAP with excess isomerase is quenched in strong acid, the formation of Pi indicates that approximately 5% of bound reactant is in the form of enediol phosphate. The remainder of the substrate is about equally distributed between bound forms of DHAP and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This equilibrium differs by 300-fold from the appropriate equilibrium in solution. Yeast aldolase, contrary to expectation, does not catalyze formation of inorganic phosphate and methylglyoxal when incubated with DHAP and gives no evidence fro an enediol phosphate intermediate when quenched in acid. PMID- 7013789 TI - Comparison of the early histone H4 gene sequence of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus with maternal, early, and late histone H4 mRNA sequences. PMID- 7013791 TI - Liberation of the triosephosphate isomerase reaction intermediate and its trapping by isomerase, yeast aldolase, and methylglyoxal synthase. AB - When a mixture of triosephosphate isomerase (rabbit muscle) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is quenched with acid, a compound is liberated, presumed to be the cis-enediol 3-phosphate, that decomposes to inorganic phosphate (Pi) and methylglyoxal [Iyengar, R., & Rose, I.A. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper is this issue)]. The decomposition can be prevented by rapid neutralization if a catalytic amount of fresh isomerase is present. Varying the time between acidification and rescue gave a half-life of the liberate compound of approximately 12-17 ms. Varying the concentration of enzyme used for rescue gave a minimum second-order rate constant for trapping of 10(9)M(-1)s(-1). These results add further evidence favoring a stepwise mechanism for the aldose-ketose isomerase reactions in which a chemically defined enzyme-bound intermediate is found. The high rate of trapping over a wide pH range indicates that the enediol phosphate, not the enediolate phosphate, is the intermediate. One property of the enzyme is to stabilize the intermediate with respect to its fragmentation in solution by greater than 1000-fold. Yeast aldolase is also able to rescue all of the isomerase intermediate, though higher concentrations of enzyme are required. Although different enantiotopic protons of DHAP are abstracted by isomerase and aldolase, both enzymes use the same enediol phosphate intermediate. Methylglyoxal synthase at a 50-fold greater concentration was unable to compete with triosephosphate isomerase for cis-enediol phosphate. Either the synthetase has a low V/K for the cis isomer or it uses the trans-enediol phosphate form specifically. A new strategy for the chemical and enzymological characterization of enzyme reaction intermediates is proved here based on the liberation of the intermediate from the reaction equilibrium and its recovery by fresh enzyme or another enzyme species. PMID- 7013793 TI - Characterization of a kirromycin-resistant elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. AB - The Escherichia coli strain D2216 contains a kirromycin-resistant elongation factor Tu [EF-Tu(D2216); Fischer, E., Wolf, H., Hantke K., & Parmeggiani, A. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4341-4345]. This stain grows much more slowly than wild-type E. coli strains and contains less than half the amount of EF-Tu. On isoelectric focusing, the whole cell lysate of strain D2216 as well as pure, crystalline EF-Tu(D2216) comprises only a single species indistinguishable from wild-type EF-Tu. In poly(uridylic acid)- [poly(U)] directed poly(phenylalanine) synthesis, enzymatic binding of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid to the ribosome, and susceptibility to trypsin digestion, EF Tu(D2216) behaves similarly to the EF-Tu from wild-type strains. Kirromycin, which increases the sensitivity to trypsinization of wild-type EF-Tu, has no effect on mutant EF-Tu. In poly(U)-directed poly(phenylalanine) synthesis, partially trypsinized EF-Tu(D2216) displays a 7-fold reduction of its kirromycin resistance as compared to the intact EF-Tu(D2216). This is approximately 300 times less sensitive to the antibiotic than wild-type EF-Tu. The EF-Tu(D2216), purified and crystallized, exhibits a guanosine 5'-triphosphatase activity in the absence of any other physiological effector or kirromycin. This activity is not a contaminant, since it can be selectively stimulated by ribosomes and is inactivated by temperature exactly in the same way as the guanosine 5' diphosphate binding activity of Ef-Tu(D2216). We conclude that, as consequence of the mutation, the catalytic center of EF-Tu(D2216)-dependent guanosine 5' triphosphate hydrolysis undergoes spontaneous activation. PMID- 7013792 TI - Unambiguous determination of the stereochemistry of nucleotidyl transfer catalyzed by DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. AB - Nucleotidyl transfer catalyzed by DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli proceeds with greater than 97% inversion of configuration at P alpha of the alpha phosphorothioate analogue of dATP. This is shown by experiments in which dAMPS,18O2 is stereospecifically phosphorylated to (Sp)-dATP alpha S, alpha 18O2, which is then copolymerized with dTTP by DNA polymerase. The product of the polymerization is degraded to dAMPS,18O by methods that do not affect the configuration of the phosphorothioate. After the dAMPS,18O is stereospecifically phosphorylated, the resulting (Sp)-dATP alpha S, alpha 18O is copolymerized as before with dTTP. The 18O is found in the displaced pyrophosphate by mass spectral analysis and so must have been in the pyrophosphate bridge of (Sp)-dATP alpha S, alpha 18O. Since this 18O was originally non-bridging in (Sp)-dATP alpha S, alpha 18O2, the phosphorothioate configuration must have been inverted in the polymerization reaction. This confirms the determination of P. M. J. Burgers & F. Eckstein [(1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6889-6893], who used kinetic correlations based on the stereoselectivity of snake venom phosphodiesterase to deduce the stereochemistry of this reaction. PMID- 7013794 TI - Multiple isotope effect probes of glutamate decarboxylase. AB - The enzymatic decarboxylation of glutamic acid shows a carbon isotope effect k12/k13 = 1.018 at 37 degree C, pH 4.7. In D2O under otherwise identical conditions, k12/k13 = 1.009. Under the same conditions solvent isotope effects are Vmax H2O/Vmax D2O = 5.0 and (Vmax/Km)H2O/(Vmax/Km)D2O = 2.6. With the assumption that the carbon isotope effect on the decarboxylation step is in the usual range (1.05--1.07), it is possible to derive relative rates and solvent isotope effects for all steps in the enzyme mechanism. Substrate binding in approximately 2-fold weaker in H2O than in D2O, probably because of the desolvation which accompanies binding of the substrate to the enzyme. A proton inventory analysis of the reaction shows that the Schiff base interchange has a large solvent isotope effect composed of relatively small contributions from at least four separate sites. A conformation change probably accompanies this step. The decarboxylation step shows a solvent isotope effect of approximately 2. Schiff base interchange and decarboxylation are both partially rate determining. The pH dependence of the isotope effects indicates that the initial step in the reaction can occur by way of two different pathways. PMID- 7013795 TI - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli: kinetics of flavin reduction. PMID- 7013796 TI - Glutathione reductase from yeast. Differential reactivity of the nascent thiols in two-electron reduced enzyme and properties of a monoalkylated derivative. AB - Two-electron reduced glutathione reductase from yeast reacted with iodoacetamide is alkylated almost exclusively in the nascent thiol nearer the amino terminus of the protein. The charge-transfer absorbance, maximal at 530 nm, characteristic of the two-electron reduced enzyme is not lost as the alkylation proceeds, and the product has a spectrum virtually identical with that of the two-electron reduced enzyme. This observation demonstrates that the thiol alkylated is not the charge transfer-donor thiolate which interacts with the FAD. The spectrum of the monoalkylated derivative is stable in the presence of oxidized glutathione, indicating that the charge-transfer-donor thiol is not involved in interchange with the substrate in the native enzyme. Thus, the nascent thiols produced upon two-electron reduction of glutathione reductase have distinct functions, interchange with the substrate and interaction with the FAD. Treatment of the monoalkylated derivative with the apolar phenylmercuric acetate eliminates the charge-transfer interaction. The spectrum of the resulting species is similar to that of the oxidized enzyme but less resolved and blue shifted by 10 nm. The dependence on pH of the absorbance associated with the thiolate to FAD charge transfer interaction in native two-electron reduced glutathione reductase is biphasic, with pK values at approximately 4.8 and 7.4. By analogy with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and papain, these data indicate that the thiolate is stabilized by an adjacent basic residue. The pK 7.4 is associated with the titration of the base to give the ion pair, and the pK of 4.8 is associated with the titration of the thiolate. Unlike lipoamide dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase is sufficiently stable to allow titration with dithionite at pH 3.7. The spectrum at this pH is essentially the same as that of the monoalkylated derivative treated with phenylmercuric acetate. The changes with pH are completely reversible. PMID- 7013797 TI - Changes in the solution structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid associated with aminoacylation and magnesium binding. AB - The effect of aminoacylation on the structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA was evaluated by laser light scattering. In these experiments, the translational diffusion coefficient (D20,w) of phenylalanyl-tRNA was monitored continuously during spontaneous deacylation in a variety of solution conditions. The results reveal that significant changes can occur in the hydrodynamic volume and electric charge as a consequence of aminoacylation but that the effects are magnesium dependent. At neutral pH, 20 degrees C, and 0.1 M salt, the D20,w value increased by 18% when deacylation occurred in 2--10 mM Mg2+ concentrations while no change in diffusivity was observed for tRNA deacylating in 0.5--1.0 mM Mg2+. The Mg2+ concentration dependence of the D20,w changes behaves in highly cooperative manner. The electric charges of aminoacyl-tRNA and nonacylated tRNA in 1 and 10 mM Mg2+ were estimated from the diffusive virial coefficients. In the higher Mg2+ conditions, aminoacyl-tRNA has a charge of 15 +/- 2e- while that of the nonacylated form is 10 +/- 2e-; both acylated and nonacylated tRNA have a charge of 11 +/- 4e- in 1 mM Mg2+. Taken together, the results indicate that aminoacylation permits the binding of additional Mg2+, resulting, in turn, in the formation of a more extended conformer of lower diffusivity and greater negative charge. The results also provide a possible explanation for several contradictory results in the literature. PMID- 7013798 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase hysteresis and its effect of inhibitor binding analyses. AB - Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase was shown to follow slow transient kinetics (hysteresis). Nonlinear reaction velocities were detected during the enzyme assay and required 10-15 min to reach a steady-state rate. The degree of hysteresis was influenced by the enzyme concentration and the order of substrate addition. Incubation of the enzyme with NADPH before addition of dihydrofolate resulted in slow initial velocities that increased up to 2-fold during the course of the assay. Increasing the enzyme concentration from 0.2 to 1 nM resulted in diminished hysteresis. NADPH-initiated reactions were linear at all enzyme concentrations tested. Certain drugs had profound effects on hysteresis. Pyrimethamine practically eliminated the hysteresis of dihydrofolate-started reactions, whereas trimethoprime augmented the non-linearities in the sense that hysteresis was detected in both enzyme- and NADPH-started reactions. The shape of these reaction tracings makes trimethoprim is not a slow-binding inhibitor when assayed under conditions that eliminate hysteresis. Contrary to this, sulfamethoxazole did not affect hysteresis or augment inhibition of the enzyme by trimethoprim. Sulfamethoxazole alone (at 6 mM) did not inhibit the hysteresis and allow reliable determinations of Ki values of both weak and tight binding inhibitors. For example, Ki values for pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, and methotrexate were found to be 214 nM, 1.3 nM, and 0.021 nM, respectively. PMID- 7013799 TI - Mechanistic deductions from isotope effects in multireactant enzyme mechanisms. AB - In the enzymatic mechanism with two or more substrates, comparison of the isotope effects on the maximum velocity and on the apparent V/K values when each substrate concentration is varied allows one to deduce the kinetic mechanism and obtain quantitative information on the relative rates at which substrates dissociate from the enzyme, as opposed to undergoing reaction to give products. Theory is also presented for using the effects of other reactants on the apparent isotope effects determined by the equilibrium perturbation method to determine the same information. With liver alochol dehydrogenase, DPN is not released at an appreciable rate from the E-DPN-cyclohexanol complex, while cyclohexanol is released much more rapidly than it reacts to give products, so that the mechanism appears ordered. With DPNH and cyclohexanone, however, the reaction is random since DPNH can be released from the ternary complex at a finite rate. With yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, acetone, when present, prevents DPNH release from the enzyme so that the mechanism at equal rates from E-DPN-2-propanol so tht the reaction is random in this direction. PMID- 7013800 TI - pH variation of isotope effects in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. 1. Isotope- and pH dependent steps the same. PMID- 7013801 TI - pH variation of isotope effects in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. 2. Isotope dependent step not pH dependent. Kinetic mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Theory is developed for th pH dependence of isotope effects in a mechanism where a pH-dependent step precedes the isotope-sensitive bond-breaking step, and the rate of the latter varies only slightly with the state of protonation of the acid base catalytic group on the enzyme. In such a mechanism, the isotope effects fall to 1.0 in the forward direction and to the equilibrium isotope effect in the reverse direction at pH values where the pH-sensitive step becomes totally rate limiting in the reverse direction. This model accurately describes the kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, where V/Kacetone and the isotope effects on V2 propanol and V/K2-propanol decrease above a pK of 8.8 (both isotope effects becoming 1.0 at pH 10). The model also fits the kinetics of liver alcohol dehydrogenase, where Vcyclohexanol and V/Kcyclohexanol decrease below pKs of 6.2 and 7.1, and above pKs of 9.5 and 10.3. pKi trifluoroethanol decreases below a pK of 7.2, and above pK of 10.1, while pKi isobutyramide drops above a pK of 10.0. Vcyclohexanone decreases above a pK of 8.4 while V/Kcyclohexanone decreases above pKs of 8.8 and 9.7. Isotope effects on V/Kcyclohexanol and V/Kcyclohexanone decrease above identical pKs of 9.4 to values of 1 and 0.88, respectively, at pH 11. Comparison of a value of 2.5 for D(V/Kcyclohexanol) with an average value of 5.53 for T(V/Kcyclohexanol) allowed circulation of 6.3 as the intrinsic deuterium isotope effect. These data suggest that E-DPN-alcohol undergoes a proton transfer to the enzyme to give an EH-DPN-alkoxide complex which can lose its proton at high pH to give E-DPN-alkoxide and that both of these alkoxide complexes undergo hydride transfer to give DPNH and ketone. the alkoxide intermediate is not free to dissociate until it is protonated, either because it is coordinated to Zn or because the enzyme is in a closed catalytic configuration. PMID- 7013803 TI - Structure of Escherichia coli membranes. Glycerol auxotrophs as a tool for the analysis of the phospholipid head-group region by deuterium magentic resonance. AB - Glycerol selectively deuterated at various positions was synthesized and supplied to the growth medium of Escherichia coli strain T131 GP, which is defective in endogenous glycerol synthesis as well as glycerol degradation and lacks the ability to synthesize cardiolipin. The procedure enables the stereospecific labeling of the membrane phospholipids (approximately 80% phosphatidylethanolamine, approximately 20% phosphatdylglycerol). Deuterium magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for cell membranes and lipid dispersions either from total lipid extractions or from purified phosphitidylglycerol or ethanolamine. When glycerol deuterated at various positions was used, all resonances of the phospholipid glycerol backbone and the terminal glycerol moiety in phosphatidylglycerol could be assigned. The results indicate that the molecular conformation of the glycerol backbone is independent of the phospholipid species investigated and is also not altered by the presence of high amounts of membrane proteins. For the quantitative interpretation of the deuterium magnetic resonance splittings, a model is proposed which assumes essentially free rotation around the glycerol C(2)-C(3) bond combined with an asymmetric and restricted jump process around the C(1)-C(2) bond. This model is compatible with known X-ray structures of phospholipids molecules. The two deuterons of both the glycerol backbone C(1) and C(3) segments were found to be magnetically inequivalent. Stereoselective monodeuteration eliminated one set of quadrupole splittings in both cases. PMID- 7013802 TI - Secondary deuterium and nitrogen-15 isotope effects in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Chemical mechanism of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7013804 TI - Biochemical and biological effects of nonionic nucleic acid methylphosphonates. AB - Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates with base sequences complementary to the anticodon loop of tRNALys and to the -ACCA-OH amino acid accepting stem of tRNA were prepared by chemical synthesis. Oligodeoxyadenosine methylphosphonates form stable, triple-stranded complexes with both poly(U) and poly(dT). These analogues selectively inhibit cell-free aminoacylation of tRNALys (E. coli) but have no effect on aminoacylation of tRNALys (rabbit). The extent of inhibition is temperature dependent and parallels the ability of the oligomer to bind to poly(U), which suggests that inhibition occurs as a result of oligomer binding to the -UUUU- anticodon loop of tRNALys (E. coli). The failure of the oligodeoxyadenosine methylphosphonates to inhibit tRNALys (rabbit) amino acylation suggests that there may be a difference between the structure of tRNALys or its interaction with aminoacyl synthetase in the Escherichia coli and rabbit systems. The oligodeoxyadenosine analogues also effectively inhibit polyphenylalanine synthesis in cell-free translation systems derived from both E. coli and rabbit reticulocytes. The extent of inhibition parallels the Tm values of the oligo(A) phosphonate-poly(U) complexes and suggests that the inhibition is a consequence of complex formation with the poly(U) message. Tritium-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates with a chain length of up to nine nucleotidyl units are taken up intact by mammalian cells in culture. All the oligomer analogues tested inhibited, to various extents, colony formation by bacterial, hamster, and human tumor cells in culture. PMID- 7013805 TI - Prenyltransferase; determination of the binding mechanism and individual kinetic constants for farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase by rapid quench and isotope partitioning experiments. AB - The 1'-4 condensation reaction catalyzed by farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase was examined by using rapid quench and isotope partitioning experiments. E.Mg2+ isopentyl-PP (PP = pyrophosphate) is not catalytically competent, as evidenced by failure to trap the complex with Mg2+-geranyl-PP at concentrations as high as 3.2 mM. In contrast, the concentration of Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP required for one-half maximal trapping (K 1/2) of E.Mg2+-geranyl-PP is 1.4 muM. The results strongly support an ordered mechanism for the 1'-4 condensation reaction, with addition of the allylic substrate before Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP. At short reaction times, a burst phase corresponding to accumulation of Mg2+-farnesyl-PP on the surface of the enzyme, followed by a slower, steady-state release of products, is observed. Evaluation of individual kinetic constants for the reaction indicates that the rates for addition of Mg2+-geranyl-PP to the enzyme (k1 = 4.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1) and addition of Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP to E.Mg2+-geranyl-PP (k3 = 2 X 10(6) m-1 s-1) are below the diffusion-controlled limit. The rate-limiting step at steady state is isomerization of E.Mg2+-farnesyl-PP-Mg2+-PPi or release of products (k6 = 0.1 s-1). During the course of isotope partitioning experiments with E.Mg2+-geranyl PP, a new dual isotope procedure was developed which minimizes difficulties encountered during workup. In addition, for enzymes such as farnesyl-PP synthetase that catalyze irreversible reactions, the dual isotope approach is both sensitive extremely easy to execute. PMID- 7013806 TI - Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase transcriptional pause sites on SV40 DNA F1. AB - We have studied elongation of SV40 DNA F1 by E. coli RNA polymerase looking specifically at the length of the transcript as a function of time. By running the transcription reactions at 18 degrees C with limited enzyme and adding heparin or rifampicin after elongation has started, we have achieved almost exclusive initiation from the SV40 DNA preferred promotor size [Zain, B. S., Weissmann, S. M., Lebowitz, P., & Lewis, A. M., Jr. (1973) J. Virol. 11, 682 693]. In the region within 1500 nucleotides of the initiation we observe nine prominent sites and a number of minor site where hesitation during elongation occurs. The positions of these hesitation points or pause sites are not effected by changes in the salt concentration, the simultaneous lowering of the concentrations of all the NTPs, or by increases in the RNA polymerase concentration, implying that the pause sites are a consequence of the RNA, DNA, and RNA polymerase ternary complex. The pause sites are not an artifact of the lowered temperature (18 degrees C) used in the experiments since they are also observed at 37 degrees C. The first four of these sites have been sequenced by using the 3'-O-methyl analogues of the ribonucleotide triphosphates. We have found no sequence homology between the pause sites. The kinetics of the pause reactions do not fit a first-order model but do correspond to a scheme were continuation through a pause site and termination at a pause site are both represented. For one of the pause sites, the relaxation time for continuation through the pause site was determined to be approximately 2.5 min and for the termination approximately 50 min at 18 degrees C. If the concentration of one of the NTPs is lowered to 10 muM, the strength of a pause site can be increased if that NTP is contained in the pause. Also, minor pause sites are observed at regions in the RNA sequence which are rich in the NTP that has the lowered concentration. When GTP is replaced by ITP during transcription, a new set of pause site quite different from the normal sites of hesitation are observed. The major new pause sites occur at or near sequences in the RNA which are rich in I-U residues preceded by a region rich in C residues. This indicates, as has been previously noted, that sequences where the DNA.RNA hybrid is quite stable followed by a region that is very unstable may cause termination. When BrUTP replaced UTP, very little effect was observed on the pause sites. The addition of p termination factor causes termintion to increase in all the pause sites with a length greater than 300 nucleotides. In the type of experiments performed here, those pause sites had continuation relaxation times greater than 45 s at 37 degrees C. This implies that regardless of the nature of a pause, p will cause at least some termination at all hesitation sites with a relaxation time greater than 45 s. All the results are discussed in terms of a kinetic model for the termination of elongation. PMID- 7013807 TI - Lipid phase separations and intramembranous particle movements in the yeast tonoplast. AB - The tonoplast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains regions depleted of intramembranous particles as the cells enter stationary phase. Freeze-fracture studies on intact cells from this growth stage show that a dispersed particle distribution predominates if the cell temperature is raised to 40 degrees C but that particle-depleted areas prevail at or below the cell growth temperature of 30 degrees C. Tonoplasts of isolated vacuoles also contain particle-depleted regions. Differential thermal analysis of lipids extracted from isolated vacuoles show an endothermic transition which encompasses the cell growth temperature. These results suggest that the tonoplast at this stage contains patches of gel phase lipid and that these patches correspond to the intramembranous particle depleted areas of the freeze-fractured tonoplast. PMID- 7013808 TI - Haptoglobin and albumin synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Response to potential mediators of the acute-phase reaction. AB - Incorporation of [3H]leucine into haptoglobin and albumin by isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions was studied to assess the role of potential mediators of the acute-phase reaction in promoting haptoglobin synthesis. In vitro, in the presence of insulin, the addition of a hormone mixture containing hydrocortisone, glucagon, somatotropin, and triiodothyronine resulted in a 70% increase in leucine incorporation into haptoglobin relative to albumin at 48 h incubation. A variety of agents, selected because they are considered to play some part in the acute-phase reaction, were added to the medium, and similar measurements of leucine incorporation were made. The specific binding to hepatocytes by asialo- and asialo, agalacto-derivatives of haptoglobin or orosomucoid did not affect synthesis of haptoglobin or albumin. Epinephrine, prostaglandins E1 and E2, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and sera containing active complement components also failed to stimulate relative haptoglobin synthesis. A partially purified preparation of human leukocytic pyrogen, however, caused a 70% increase in leucine incorporation into haptoglobin relative to albumin in the present of the hormone mixture, suggesting that this substance may affect acute-phase protein synthesis. PMID- 7013809 TI - Purification and some properties of alanyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases from baker's yeast. AB - Alanyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases from baker's yeast were purified to homogeneity in the presence of the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Both consist of single polypeptide chains of 118 000 and 125 000 daltons, respectively, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The monomeric structure of leucyl-tRNA synthetase differs from the dimeric one obtained previously in the absence of protease inhibitors. This illustrates the sensitivity of the synthetases to proteolytic actions and indicates that native structures can only be obtained under optimal protecting conditions. Alanyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases differ with respect to pH optimum (6.5 and 8.5, respectively), Michaelis constant for amino acid (1 mM and 0.03, respectively) and in the rate-limiting step for the tRNA aminoacylation reaction. Whereas the catalytic step itself was rate-limiting for alanyl-tRNA synthetase, a step occurring after this was rate-limiting for leucyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7013810 TI - Study of the interaction between yeast tRNAphe and yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase by monochromatic ultraviolet irradiation at various wavelengths. Advantages and limits of the method. AB - The interactions between yeast tRNAphe and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase were studied by analysis of the covalent adducts obtained upon monochromatic ultraviolet irradiation at different wavelengths (248, 282, 292, 302 and 313 nm). The high extent of inactivation of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, together with the partial modification of tRNA, as well as the peculiar instability of most of the covalent bonds formed upon irradiation constitute severe limitations to the use of the technique and to the interpretation of the results. These disadvantages led us to select an irradiation wavelength of 248 nm and to use only mild isolation procedures allowing a good recovery of the covalent adducts formed. Seven major tryptic peptides of the enzyme were found to be cross-linked to tRNAPhe whereas six major T1-oligonucleotides were covalently linked to the protein, among these, the three cross-linked oligonucleotides previously described by Shoemaker and Schimmel (J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 4440-4444) in the same system. The difference in the number of covalently linked oligonucleotides is discussed in the light of the instability of the covalent linkages. The localization of the six oligonucleotides at the inside of the two branches forming the L-shaped tRNA molecule is similar to that observed in the yeast valine system (Renaud et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 101 (1979) 475-483) and is consistent with the interaction model previously described (Rich and Schimmel, Nucl. Acids Res. 4 (1977) 1649-1665 and Ebel et al. in Transfer RNA: structure, properties and recognition, (1979) pp. 325-343 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY). The occurrence of covalent cross-linking upon irradiation in the tryptophan absorption band (302 nm) strongly suggests the participation of this residue in the stabilization of the tRNA enzyme complex. PMID- 7013812 TI - Determination of the ligand-binding characteristics of several tight-binding mutants of the lactose repressor protein. AB - Several tight-binding mutants of the lactose repressor protein have been characterized with respect to their fluorescence properties and their inducer, operator and nonspecific DNA-binding constants. The tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra for the mutants and the wild-type repressor are quite similar. However, alterations in the Stern-Volmer constants for iodide quenching of the tryptophans in the mutant proteins compared to wild-type suggest differences in the local environment or solvent accessibility for these amino acids in the tight binding repressors. The inducer-binding affinities and association rate constants of the mutant proteins and protein-operator DNA fragment complexes are also altered compared to wild-type. The extents of these changes vary among the different mutant repressors. The nonspecific DNA-binding affinities of the mutant proteins are 2--3-fold greater than the wild-type repressor, and the affinities of the tight-binding proteins for a 29 base-pair operator DNA fragment are also increased, though to a varying extent depending upon the mutant. The phenotypic behavior of these proteins in vivo can be partially explained by these results obtained in vitro; however, it is likely that there are additional factors responsible for the tight-binding behavior of the proteins that were not detectable in these experiments. PMID- 7013811 TI - Studies on Escherichia coli chromosome proteins. I. Analysis of the proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - As an approach for studying the function of chromosome proteins in DNA replication and gene expression, proteins remaining attached to Escherichia coli nucleoids were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Nucleoids were isolated by gentle lysis of the cells in the presence of a DNA counter-ion such as 1 M NaCl or 5 mM spermidine. In exponentially growing cells, about 100 proteins have been found to exist in the nucleoids. Kinetic studies indicated that the number of chromosome proteins remaining attached varied with time after synchronization. Based on the pattern of the variation, appearance, increase or disappearance of the 29 major proteins, nucleoid proteins were shown to be classified in six different groups (groups A- F). A strong correlation was observed between the variation of proteins belonging to group D and initiation of DNA synthesis or cell division. PMID- 7013813 TI - Effects of rifampicin on the relationship of R6K replicating forms to the folded chromosomal complex of Escherichia coli. AB - An examination of the relationship of R6K plasmic DNA to the folded chromosome has shown that replicating forms of this plasmid, when compared to the non replicating forms, were preferentially associated to the apparently mediated by RNA molecules. In this report we show that inhibition of RNA synthesis with rifampicin prior to pulse-labeling cells harboring R6K plasmid DNA resulted in the release of the replicating forms. Analyses of the single-stranded length of rifampicin-released nascent molecules indicate that continuous replication of R6K plasmid DNA to unit length was not affected by the presence of rifampicin. Thus, it appears that complexing was not required for continued synthesis of this plasmid. Further, the inhibition of protein synthesis does not appear to alter the complexing frequency of R6K plasmid DNA to the folded structure. These results suggest that active RNA synthesis is required for maintaining the association of the replicating forms to their replicational site(s). PMID- 7013814 TI - tRNA methylation. A rapid and simple method for determination of total radioactivity and methylated base distribution in the same sample. AB - A simple and rapid method is described for the analysis of in vitro methylated tRNA. The total radioactivity is first determined after trichloroacetic acid precipitation and filtration. Then the tRNA is hydrolyzed while still on the filter, and the bases are separated by thin-layer chromatography. This method eliminates the need for duplicate sample preparation, and has proved especially useful when the amount of tRNA and/or tRNA methylase is limited. PMID- 7013815 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - An enzyme immunoassay for prostaglandin F2alpha was developed in which the hapten molecule was labeled with alkaline phosphatase protein. After competition between the enzyme-labeled prostaglandin F2alpha and the free prostaglandin F2alpha in their immunoreaction with prostaglandin F2alpha-specific antiserum, the antigen antibody conjugate was precipitated by the double antibody method, and the activity of precipitated alkaline phosphatase was determined. Calibration curves of enzyme activity versus the amount of added prostaglandin F2alpha were constructed. Under optimal conditions of pH, buffer concentration, incubation time and amount of antibody and enzyme-labeled antigen, prostaglandin F2alpha could be measured quantitatively in the range of 0.5 pmol to 1 nmol. This method was applied for the determinations of prostaglandin F2alpha added to urine. PMID- 7013817 TI - In vitro characterization of the mechanism of insulin degradation and the effect of chloroquine. AB - The cultured rat hepatoma cell line, MH1C1, inactivates 125I-labeled insulin by a temperature dependent mechanism. The estimated Km for insulin degradation is 1.4 . 10(-7) M and the V is 2.5 . 10(-10) mol/10(6) cells/h. The iodocompounds released from cells preincubated at 0 degrees C with 125I-labeled insulin are immunoreactive with anti-insulin antibody, while the iodocompounds released from the cells incubated at 37 degrees C only reacts to a very small degree with anti insulin antibody. The degradation products were analyzed by Sephadex gel chromatography. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration of iodocompounds derived from cells incubated at 37 degrees C with 125I-labeled insulin for 5, 20 min and 1 h showed a progressive decrease in intact insulin, and an increase in the peak representing insulin breakdown products. Treatment with chloroquine, a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, resulted in a large increase of cell-associated insulin compared to control cells. However, chromatographic studies of iodocompounds extracted from cells incubated with or without chloroquine show a similar pattern but differ in the size of the peak which represents the degradation products of 125I-labeled insulin. Furthermore, the iodocompounds released from the chloroquine treated cells were not immunoreactive with anti-insulin antibody. These results suggest that chloroquine inhibits the release of insulin degradation products from the cells. PMID- 7013816 TI - Production of an aromatic amino acid auxotroph of a trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli and deuteration of the aromatic amino acids in its dihydrofolate reductase. AB - Interpretation of the 1H-NMR spectra of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase is complicated by the large number of overlapping resonances due to protonated aromatic amino acids. Deuteration of the aromatic protons of aromatic amino acid residues is one technique useful for simplifying the 1H-NMR spectra. Previous attempts to label the dihydrofolate reductase from overproducing strains of Escherichia coli were not completely successful. This labeling problem was solved by transducing via P1 phage a genetic block into the de novo biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids in a trimethoprim resistant strain of E. coli, MB 3746. A new strain, MB 4065, is a very high level producer of dihydrofolate reductase and requires exogenous aromatic amino acids for growth, therefore allowing efficient labeling of its dihydrofolate reductase with exogenous deuterated aromatic amino acid. PMID- 7013818 TI - Immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence for the presence of calmodulin in bull sperm flagellum. Isolation and characterization of sperm calmodulin. AB - Upon fluorescent staining with a goat antibody anti-ram testis calmodulin, washed bull sperm appears to contain calmodulin in the acrosome, in the post acrosomal region, in the neck region probably associated with the implantation plates and thin laminated fibers, and in a sheath around the upper part of the flagellum. Heads and midpieces + tails were separated by elutriation of sonicated sperm. Immunofluorescent labeling of fragments confirms the presence of calmodulin in implantation plates, where sonication disrupted heads from midpieces, and in a sheath around the midpiece and the upper part of the principal piece. These results were confirmed by electrophoretic and radioenzymatic assays of calmodulin in the fragments, using calmodulin-deficient Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase. Small but significant amounts (approx. 3 micrograms per 10 (10) sperm) are found in midpieces + tails vs. approx. 280 micrograms in the same number of heads. These results are in agreement with a recent report from Jones et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2772-2776. Sperm calmodulin was purified from a whole sperm 1 M KCl extract and found to exhibit the same characteristics as other mammalian calmodulins isolated so far in terms of ultraviolet absorption spectrum and amino acid composition, including one residue of epsilon-N-trimethyllysine. Its behavior upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was dependent on the presence or absence of Ca2+. The high performance liquid chromatography tryptic peptide maps were similar, if not identical, to mammalian calmodulin maps (Autric et al. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 631, 139-147). Sperm calmodulin is therefore probably identical to the somatic cell protein. PMID- 7013819 TI - Enhancement of cartilage protease activity during age and growth hormone dependent growth. AB - We wish to report an intriguing relationship between cartilage protease activity and rat growth rate. This was demonstrated by comparing protease activities of rats having different growth rates, i.e., normal rats of different ages, hypophysectomized and growth hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats. Protease activity, assessed by hydrolysis of a gelatin film by cartilage microtome slices, at pH 4.0, was time and temperature dependent. Preincubation of cartilage tissue at various temperatures resulted in an increase of protease activity from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C and a decrease in activity from 37 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The activity of younger (4 week old) more rapidly growing rats, was greater than that of older, less rapidly growing animals. Hypophysectomy reduced protease activity to approximately one-third normal levels. However, injection of bovine growth hormone into hypophysectomized rats restored the activity. These results suggest that a positive correlation exists between cartilage protease activity and growth rate. Our results support the novel hypothesis that cartilage growth could be mediated, at least in part, via growth hormone-dependent proteolytic activity. PMID- 7013820 TI - Characterization of macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing proteins for normal and leukemic myeloid cells produced by the Krebs ascites tumor. AB - Medium from serum-free cultures of Krebs ascites tumor cells contains two macrophage and granulocyte inducing (MGI) activities that can act on the myeloid precursors of these hematopoietic cells. One activity, MGI-1, induced the formation of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from normal myeloid precursors. The second activity, MGI-2, induced macrophage and granulocyte differentiation in myeloid leukemic cells that no longer required MGI-1 for colony formation. The medium contained one species of MGI-1 and two species of MGI-2. One species of MGI-2, MGI-2A, copurified through five stages of purification with MGI-1, but separated from the other MGI-2 species, MGI-2B, at an early stage in purification. MGI-1, MGI-2A and MGI-2B were purified 1490, 1140 and 678-fold, respectively. When bands with biological activity gel from non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels were run on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, MGI-1 and MGI-2A activities were associated with similar Mr and each activity showed two bands, one of 23 000 and the other 25 000. MGI-2B activity showed one band with a Mr of 45 000. Secretion did not appear to involve glycosylation, none of the species bound to concanavalin A, soybean agglutinin, or wheat germ agglutinin agarose columns and they did not appear to contain carbohydrates. The assays for MGI-1 and MGI-2 activities were not affected by adding protease inhibitors. But MGI-2 was more readily destroyed by treatment with proteases and was more labile at high temperature and low pH than MGI-1. It is suggested that the level of cellular proteases may play a role in regulating the relative amounts of MGI-1 and MGI-2 that are present in vivo. PMID- 7013821 TI - [Study of animal cell adhesion to glass by means of the frustrated total internal reflection method]. AB - The method for studying the adhesion of mammalian cells to glass in vivo is presented. It is based on the effect of frustrated total reflection. It permits one to measure the index of refraction of hydroplasma situated near the site of cell-glass contact, to evaluate the distance between glass surface and cell surface membrane and to study the kinetics of flattening of the cell surface facing the glass. PMID- 7013823 TI - [Francois Seydoux (1942-1979)]. PMID- 7013822 TI - Identification of the esterase peptide and its interaction with the cheZ peptide in bacterial sensing. AB - Previous genetic evidence has indicated that the methylesterase activity of the chemotaxis system in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium resides with the cheB gene product, and that this protein may interact with the cheZ protein. In this article we report biochemical evidence for association of the cheB protein with esterase activity. We also show that while the cheZ gene product is not needed for catalysis, certain mutations in it can eliminate esterase activity in vitro, suggesting association of cheZ and cheB in an oligomeric protein complex. PMID- 7013825 TI - [Functions of the cytoskeleton]. PMID- 7013824 TI - Rapid-scanning spectral evidence for catalytically nonequivalent but interconvertible forms of equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - These rapid-scanning stopped-flow kinetic studies of the equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed reduction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde by NADH and (4R)-4 deuterio NADH (NADD) under single turnover conditions establish : (1) The reaction is biphasic using NADD as coenzyme, k1 approximately 200 sec-1, k2 = 0.5 sec-1 and the amplitude ratio (A1)/(A1 + A2) approximately equal to 0.5. (2) Each phase of the reaction involves the oxidation of enzyme-bound reduced coenzyme. (3) The recycling of sites in the presence of 20 mM pyrazole is negligible. (4) The rates of E(NAD-pyrazole) complex formation at all sites and oxidation of reduced coenzyme in the slow phase are limited by the same process. We conclude that the biphasicity arises from nonequivalent but interconvertible forms of the enzyme, and that interconversion of the two forms is mediated by ligand-dependent protomer-protomer interactions. PMID- 7013826 TI - Speed-accuracy relationships during in vitro and in vivo protein biosynthesis. AB - Poly U-directed incorporation of phenylalanine and leucine into polypeptide has been described in at least 50 papers since 1961. In general, high translation activities are associated with high accuracies, and vice-versa. Moreover, a vast body of independent experimental data (effect of ethanol, temperature, urea, aminoglycosides, etc... on protein synthesis) put together here suggests that, in many circumstances, speed and accuracy of elongation are correlated. This result is to be contrasted with the view that the speed and the fidelity of protein synthesis are two opposing parameters. In this report, recent experimental data on the nature and effect of ribosomal ambiguity (ram) and streptomycin resistance (Strr) mutations are reexamined. Models on the action of streptomycin and other misreading-inducing antibiotics, as well as long-standing ideas on the control of misreading in mammalian systems are critically evaluated. An explanation is provided for the long-befuddling data on the action of gentamicin. PMID- 7013827 TI - Effect of oligonucleotide AGAGGAGGU on protein synthesis in vitro. AB - The oligonucleotide AGAGGAGGU, complementary to the 3' end of 16S RNA has been shown to inhibit 70S initiation complex formation on E. coli ribosomes (Taniguchi, T. and Weissmann, C., 1978. Nature, 275, 770-772). We have prepared this nonanucleotide in larger quantities by a combination of DEAE cellulose-urea chromatography and reverse phase (RPC 5) chromatography. The inhibitory effect of AGAGGAGGU on initiation complex formation has been confirmed. Furthermore, when added to a complete system for in vitro protein synthesis, the translation of Q beta RNA was inhibited by the nonanucleotide. No selectivity was observed in the inhibition of the coat protein and replicase protein synthesis. When both Q beta RNA and pAUG were present, some stimulation of pAUG binding to 70S ribosomes was observed on addition of AGAGGAGGU, as previously reported (Taniguchi and Weissmann, ibid). No effect was observed in the absence of Q beta RNA. This observation is discussed. PMID- 7013828 TI - [Analysis of the controls of proliferation using serum-free media and defined extracellular matrices]. PMID- 7013829 TI - The role of myosin light chains in regulating actin-myosin interaction. PMID- 7013830 TI - Symmetry and asymmetry in the contractile protein myosin. AB - The subunit composition of the myosin molecule which is built up from 3 pairs of identical polypeptide chains (2 heavy chains and 2 pairs of light chains), gives it the appearance of having symmetric structure. This homodimeric arrangement in the molecule is in fact asymmetric in its construction as a result of the natural folding of the chains. There are also heterodimers which result from combinations of pairs of heavy chains and/or light chains which are not identical in their amino acid sequence. Enzyme kinetics and ligand binding are characterised by homogeneous processes in studies on isolated myosin heads. With the double-headed molecular species, myosin and its water-soluble fragment heavy meromyosin, the enzyme kinetics, nucleotide and metal ion binding exhibit negative cooperativity. Binding of Mg-ADP to active centres induces site-site and therefore head-head interaction, thus intact myosin is designed to be able to function asymmetrically. It is suggested that the ligand-induced asymmetry between the heads plays a central role in crossbridge function. The two heads, even in rest, adopt non-equivalent conformations and it is argued that this built-in constraint complements the asymmetric mode of interaction they subsequently undergo with their reaction partners on the actin filament. It is concluded that the enzyme is so constructed that during contraction the heads can perform their function in an alternating cooperative way. PMID- 7013831 TI - Calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylations in the control of muscular contraction? AB - Muscular contraction is triggered by the increase in free calcium concentration and modulated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation. Beside a direct trigger of sarcomeric muscle contraction through binding of troponin C, calcium ions trigger or modulate contractility through calcium-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinases, and increase the rate of relaxation through the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban, the activator of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. In both cases, a concerted regulation by calcium and cyclic nucleotides is observed. Hyperactivation of the calcium pump is brought about by additional phosphorylation of phospholamban by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Similarly myofibrillar myosin light chain kinases from smooth and skeletal muscles are substrates of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The calmodulin-dependent protein kinases are probably organized into supramolecular regulatory complexes. PMID- 7013832 TI - On the ultrastructural organization of the microfilament system and the possible role of profilactin. AB - This paper summarizes results of studies on human glia cells concerning the ultrastructural relationships in the microfilament system and the possible role of the profilactin complex. It presents electron micrographs of the leading lamella of cells grown on solid substratum, visualizing the organization of the microfilament system in this highly motile part of the cell at high resolution and at what appears to be a high level of preservation. These results are linked to observations made in our laboratory of the biochemical basis for the dramatic rearrangements occurring in platelets in response to thrombin stimulation. Taken together these results lead to a relatively detailed model for the mechanism of cell motility. PMID- 7013833 TI - [Relations between the contractile system and the phenomenon of endocytosis. Bibliographic review and data on the thyroid cell]. PMID- 7013834 TI - Cytoskeleton organization in differentiating mouse teratocarcinoma cells. AB - In addition to the well-known cytoskeleton actin and tubulin, new intermediate sized filaments have been isolated that ensure cellular connections. Their proteins, referred to here as IFP (intermediate filament proteins), comprise keratin desmin, vimentin, glialin and neurofilin. We review some of these new findings, with emphasis on the IFP expressions in the differentiation of embryonic cells and the deviations encountered in tumor cells. The first measurements on embryonic and differentiated mouse teratoma carcinoma cells established that all cell lines contain cytoplasmic microtubules. Although actin is also present in all cells, its organization differs markedly in differentiated derivatives. Since then, extensive studies have confirmed these findings and refined our understanding of the adaptation of cytoskeletons during differentiation to fulfill thier function. Fibrillar IFP structures have diameters ranging from 80 to 150 A, by electromicroscopic measurements. The specificity established in various structural functions have emerged from protein assays by two-dimensional electrophoresis and by immunofluorescence. With mouse teratoma cells, the incipient formation of the three structural components is followed by applying antibodies of high specificity for keratin, desmin and vimentin. During in vitro differentiation of teratoma carcinoma cells, as in animal tissue, keratin is expressed always in the endodermal cells and desmin in the muscle cells. Vimentin, which is known to be restricted to mesenchymal tissue in animals, occurs in all cells which have acquired the potential for unlimited growth in culture. In embryonic developments, all cells of mouse blastocyst express microtubules which is consistent with the function attributed to tubulin. The structure of actin, by contrast, changes during the first morphological step of differentiation. The outer trophectodermal cells contain actin cables, whereas the inner cell mass contains actin in a diffuse state. It has been established that keratin fibers appear in trophoblastic cells, i.e., in the earliest embryonic differentiation of epithelial character. Research on the development of IFP is rapidly progressing. Recent results of several groups are discussed. PMID- 7013835 TI - In memoriam. Amedeo S. Marrazzi 1905--1980. PMID- 7013836 TI - B12 deficiency and psychiatric disorders: case report and literature review. AB - Although an association of psychiatric symptoms with vitamin B12 deficiency is well accepted, the incidence and nature of these symptoms is not established. To help illuminate the natural history of this illness we review the literature regarding psychopathology associated with B12 deficiency and examine 15 cases, including one of our own, that meet specified criteria for B12-responsive psychosis. In the accepted cases the most common psychiatric symptoms were organic brain syndrome, paranoia, violence, and depression. Several of the patients were not anemic and had no neurologic deficit. Examination of blood smears or obtaining of serum B12 levels should be considered for patients with the symptoms described. PMID- 7013837 TI - Behavioral medicine: scope and promise of an emerging field. PMID- 7013838 TI - Relationship between hemoglobin A1c and insulin C-peptide in anomalies of carbohydrate metabolism. AB - In this paper, we have compared the results obtained for hemoglobin A1c and C peptide concentrations, was not convenient for the diagnosis of anomalies in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in obesity or in latent diabetes. Nevertheless, hemoglobin A1c allowed us to check carbohydrate metabolism and to discriminate diabetes treated by oral therapy from insulin dependent diabetes; in these latter cases, hemoglobin A1c concentration varied inversely as C-peptide concentration as it was shown by the method of factor analysis in particular "principal components analysis". In the control of insulin dependent diabetes in a remission, hemoglobin A1c allowed assessment of the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism after suppression of insulin therapy. Thus, hemoglobin A1c is an index of the adaptation of insulin secretion in anomalies of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7013839 TI - Chemotherapy and immunosupression of kidney transplant recipients. AB - Little progress has been made in immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplant patients in the last decade. A more rational approach to investigation, both experimentally and clinically, is needed so that available immunosuppressive agents can be used with maximum effectiveness and minimal side effects. Well designed, randomized, prospective multicentre trials must be performed in the future if we are to obtain definitive answers. PMID- 7013840 TI - Histocompatibility influence in allogeneic marrow transplantation therapy of murine viral leukemia. I.--Studies of the relative influence of major versus minor histocompatibility determinants. AB - The anti-leukemic effectiveness (GvL activity) and anti-host response (GvH response) of several allogeneic donor marrows were compared in lethally irradiated normal and Rauscher leukemia SJL/J recipients. Although both types of effects could be demonstrated, the degree of GvL activity did not parallel the severity of GvH response. The level of GvL activity of the donor marrow also appeared to be independent of sensitivity of the donors to the leukemia inducing Rauscher virus (RLV), as a high level of leukemia recurrence was found using marrow from RLV-resistant RF/J donors, while a lesser degree of recurrence occurred with the use of RLV-sensitive DBA-2J marrow. Analysis of the possible influence of major (MHC) and Minor (MiHL) histocompatibility loci suggested that GvL activity may be independent of the H-2 locus, and that the "a" alleles of the H-4 and H-13 loci may not be contributing to GvL effect. Likewise the "a" alleles of the H-7 and H-12 loci did not appear to affect the severity of GvH response. The possibly that GvL activity may be independent of th MHC, but governed by MiHL possibility different from those regulating GvH response might explain why in this and previous studies GvL activity could only be demonstrated following allogeneic marrow transplantation but did not appear to correlate with severity of GvH response. PMID- 7013841 TI - Stimulation of Na:H exchange by insulin. AB - In frog skeletal muscle, the increase of intracellular pH (pHi) induced by insulin is correlated with an increase in intracellular Na+ when the sodium pump is inhibited by ouabain. Reversing the Na+ free energy gradient by substituting either Mg2+ or choline for extracellular Na+ converts the effect of insulin to a decrease in pHi, indicating that the action of insulin upon pHi is determined by the Na+ free energy gradient. Moreover, estimates of the Na+ free energy gradient indicate that both the direction and magnitude satisfy the hypothesis that this is the source of energy for the observed changes in pHi. Both the increase in intracellular pH induced by insulin and the associated increase in intracellular Na+ produced by this hormone in the presence of ouabain are blocked by amiloride. This drug also blocks the decrease in pHi by insulin when Mg2+ is substituted for Na+ in the Ringer. In Ringer containing Na+, the increase in pHi by insulin occurs when both metabolic and atmospheric sources of CO2 are eliminated by using a 100% N2 atmosphere. Thus, the mechanism stimulated by insulin is not a Na+ CO3(2-) cotransport system, but is either an Na:H exchange or a Na+-OH- cotransport system which can be inhibited by amiloride. The suggestion is advanced that the Na:H exchange mechanism is part of the membrane transduction system for insulin. PMID- 7013843 TI - Hydrogen exchange in hydrated films of proteins. Application to the E. coli lac repressor core. AB - An original easy method of hydrogen to deuterium exchange in hydrated films of proteins, followed by infrared absorption measurements, is described and applied to films of the E. coli lac repressor core, in order to examine the effect of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) binding. An estimation of about 25% alpha helical structure in this protein fragment is deduced from the exchange curve. The binding of IPTG to the core does not affect the exchange curve within the experimental error limits. PMID- 7013844 TI - Review of the dioxin problem. Mass spectrometric analyses of tetrachlorodioxins in environmental samples. AB - Major concern over the chemical group of chlorodioxins has arisen since 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin with its extremely toxic and teratogenic properties has been found in widely distributed pesticides such as the herbicide 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Because of its chemical stability and lipophilic nature, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin released into the environment has the potential of accumulation in the food chain. Mass spectrometry in its various forms has been the method of choice to detect and confirm low parts per billion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Recently, a Consensus Forum held at the National Center for Toxicological Research amongst the various United States Government agencies (Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, US Department of Agriculture and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), eloquently demonstrated the potential, as well as the shortcomings, of the various techniques applied. In particular, the availability of a stable 13C labeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin has proved to be an essential component to achieve low level quantitation. A brief review of the findings of the Consensus Forum is presented together with a detailed survey of the application of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry to TCDD analysis at the National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration. PMID- 7013842 TI - A biophysical study of protein-lipid interactions in membranes of Escherichia coli. Fluoromyristic acid as a probe. AB - Fluorine-19 nuclear magentic resonance spectroscopy and transport assays have been used to investigate and compare the membrane properties of unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs of two strains of Escherichia coli, K1060B5 and ML 308-225-UFA-8. A fluorinated analog of myristic acid, 8, 8-difluoromyristic acid, can be incorporated into the membrane phospholipids by substitution for oleate in the growth medium. Growth for one generation on 8, 8-difluoromyristate results in a 20% content of fluorinated fatty acid in the membranes, changes in the protein to lipid ratio, and altered transport of methyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The differences in membrane composition and transport behavior seen in oleate supplemented E. coli K1060B5 relative to ML 308-225-UFA-8 are enhanced by the incorporation of 8, 8-difluoromyristate. The phase transition behavior becomes distinctly different and some differences in lipid organization persist above the transition temperature. Concomitantly, the rate and extent of concentration of methyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside are reduced two-fold more in E. coli K1060B5 compared to ML 308-225-UFA-8. Such behavior suggests that these fluorinated fatty acid supplemented strains of E. coli are useful to study subtle differences in protein-lipid interactions and their effects on the function of membrane-bound enzymes. PMID- 7013845 TI - Measurement by isotope dilution mass spectrometry of 17 alpha-ethynyloestradiol 17 beta and norethisterone in serum of women taking oral contraceptives. AB - The highly specific and accurate technique of isotope dilution mass spectrometry has been used for the measurement of 17 alpha-ethynyloestradiol-17 beta and norethisterone in serum. Serum samples were obtained from female volunteers who received 2.5 mg lynestrenol and 50 micrograms 17 alpha-ethynyloestradiol-17 beta in two different galenical preparations. The determination of total 17 alpha ethynyloestradiol-17 beta (conjugated and non-conjugated) was carried out by the following procedure: (1) adsorption of the steroids from 1 ml serum to Amberlite XAD-2; (2) enzyme hydrolysis of the conjugated steroid; (3) addition of 1 ng [6,7 3H2] 17 alpha-ethynyloestradiol-17 beta as internal standard; (4) column chromatography on Sephadex LH 20; (5) derivative formation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride; (6) isotope dilution mass spectrometry at m/z 474 and 478 using a glass capillary gas-liquid chromatography column. For the measurement of norethisterone, which is the major metabolite of lynestrenol, 1 ng [7-3H]norethisterone was added to 0.5 ml serum. The labelled and the non-labelled steroids were extracted and purified by column chromatography on Sephadex LH 20. The norethisterone was reacted to form the 3-enol-17 beta-trimethylsilyl ether of norethisterone and [3H]norethisterone. For isotope dilution mass spectrometry the derivative was injected into the glass capillary column which was coupled to the mass spectrometer. The instrument was adjusted to m/z 442 and 444, corresponding to the molecular ions of the ether derivatives of norethisterone and [7 3H]norethisterone. Accuracy was achieved by the use of highly specific technique of mass spectrometry and the exact control of recovery using the isotope dilution principle. The precision was 4.5% (CV) for the determination of 17 alpha ethynyloestradiol-17 beta and 2.5% (CV) for norethisterone. The lower limit of detection was at 20 pg ml-1 for both methods. PMID- 7013846 TI - A method for the analysis of catecholamines by selected ion monitoring and 14C isotope dilution in adrenal medullary cell culture. AB - Extracts have been made from culture medium of rat medullar adrenal cells developed in tissue culture in this laboratory. After pentafluorobenzylimine trimethylsilyl ether formation the catecholamine derivatives were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In order to assess the catecholamine production capabilities of the cells in culture, a mass spectrometric method with isotope dilution has been devised. Chemical ionization selected ion monitoring allows specific detection at the nanogram level in a higher mass range (400-600 amu) than in the electron impact mode. The isotopic dilution method with 14C catecholamines gives rise to accurate measurements and linear response in the picomole range. The use of the [M-15]+ ion for monitoring m/z values minimizes errors in selected ion monitoring analysis. The results obtained are computerized and treated by the data system for fine background subtraction when high sensitivity and accuracy are required. PMID- 7013847 TI - Volatile complexes for the determination of calcium in blood plasma by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. PMID- 7013848 TI - A mass spectrometric method for the determination of stable isotope labeled phenytoin suitable for pulse dosing studies. AB - A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method has been developed for the determination in biological fluids of phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin), 5-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (the major metabolite of phenytoin), and simultaneously, their stable isotope labeled analogs [5,5-diphenyl-2-13C-1,3-15N2 hydantoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-13C-1,3-15N2-hydantoin]. Quantification was achieved by an isotopic dilution technique: 5,5 di(pentadeuterophenyl)-hydantoin and 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dideuterophenyl)-5-phenyl-2 13C-1,3-15N2-hydantoin were used as internal standards. Molecular ion abundances of the permethylated derivatives were measured using a limited mass range repetitive scanning technique. The method is accurate, selective, reproducible and linear for analysis of 1.0 ml of serum and 0.5 ml of urine samples at the expected concentrations of drug (serum: 0.1-30.0 micrograms ml-1) and metabolite (serum: 0.1-10.0 micrograms ml-1; urine: 5.0-200.0 micrograms ml-1). The pharmacological equivalence of labeled and unlabeled phenytoin is demonstrated for a human volunteer. The results are discussed in the light of the further applications of the method, i.e. determination of the pharmacokinetics of a pulse dose of the labeled drug administered to patients who are taking a steady state dose of the unlabeled drug. PMID- 7013850 TI - [Effect of homologous antistreptococcal antibodies on testicular tissue]. AB - Ability of homologous antistreptococcal sera obtained in various periods after immunization (7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days) to alter the testis following intravenous injection was studied in guinea-pigs. Only 30-day immune sera containing maximum antibodies to testicular antigens (fluorescent and spermacytotoxic) were able to induce alteration of the testis after preliminary (10 days before) intracutaneous administration of complete Freund's adjuvant. Within the first two days after the alteration induction, fixation of globulin from the immune serum on the structures of spermatozoas from the testis was determined by the immunofluorescent technique. Atrophy of the spermatogenic epithelium developed by the 7th day after the alteration induction. IgM containing spermatocytotoxic antibodies are responsible for the testis impairment induced by the spermatocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 7013849 TI - [Production of a macrophage migration suppression factor when T-cells react with mutant H-2 antigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures]. AB - The ability of T-cells producing the migration inhibition factor (MIF) to recognize point mutations of the K-end of the H-2 complex was revealed in a primary mixed lymphocyte culture. Nonimmune C57BL/6Y (H-2bm) lymphocytes produce MIF in response to the H-2 antigens of B6..C-G (zI)/Y (H-2bm1) and B6.M505/Y (H 2bm3) mutant strains. Similarly lymphocytes of the mutant strains react to the H 2b wild-type and reciprocally to each other. T-cell dependence of these reactions was shown by their abolition after pretreatment of responder cells with Thy-1.2 antiserum in the presence of complement. The ability of MIF-producing cells to recognize serologically unrecognizable H-2bm1 and H-2bm3 mutant antigens demonstrates high immunologic specificity and sensitivity of the MIF-reaction. PMID- 7013852 TI - [Genetic features of the F-like pAP10-2 plasmid controlling synthesis of thermostable enterotoxin in E. coli cells]. AB - A study was made of the genetic traits of F-like plasmid pAP10-2 that monitors the synthesis of thermostable enterotoxin after plasmid labelling with Tn9 transpozone. It has been shown that the test Ent-plasmid is a conjugative one, suppresses fertility functions of F plasmid and belongs to the F1 incompatibility group. PMID- 7013851 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of changes in myoid cells in the thymus of myasthenia patients]. AB - It has been established that the mean number of myoid cells in one visual field in the thymus from myasthenia patients exceeds normal approximately twofold, with significant individual fluctuations being recorded. The observation data allow one to distinguish two basic forms of changes in myoid cells in myasthenia: (1) virtually complete absence of myoid cells leading to deficiency of myoid antigens; (2) more frequently seen hypertrophy and the increased number of myoid cells responsible for excess myoid antigens in the thymus. Basing on the fact that hypertrophy of myoid elements is seen, in most cases, in the presence of a pronounced hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue, a suggestion is made about derangement in myasthenia of a mechanism by which the ratio of lymphoid and myoid cells in the thymus is controlled. PMID- 7013853 TI - On the preservation of contractile proteins during storage of human platelets. AB - A study has been undertaken to determine the rate at which stored platelets lose their ability to respond to stimuli and to establish whether this decrease in function could be ascribed to the storage-induced proteolysis of prominent platelet proteins observed by others. Platelet concentrates were stored at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C for up to 14 days, and their ability to secrete and aggregate in response to appropriate stimuli was determined at 6, 96, and 192 hr after venipuncture. At each time point the protein complement of the platelets was also monitored by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess the extent of intracellular protein degradation. Platelets from concentrates stored at either temperature exhibited a decreased ability to respond to stimuli as storage time increased. After 8 days of storage at 4 degrees C and up to 9 days at 25 degrees C, no proteolysis of major platelet proteins was observed; however, complete loss of platelet function was observed. This strongly indicates that a decrease in platelet function should not be causally linked to degraded contractile-structural proteins and that extending the functional life of platelets during storage is still an attainable goal since proteolysis is not the inevitable result of short-term storage. PMID- 7013854 TI - Effectiveness of methyl-GAG (methylglyoxal-bis[guanylhydrazone]) in patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. AB - We treated 51 patients with advanced malignant lymphoma refractory to conventional therapy with methyl-glyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (methyl-GAG) at doses ranging from 400 to 800 mg/sq m. Therapy was started on a weekly schedule and was switched to every other week in responding patients at the onset of toxicity. Partial responses were observed in 6 of 13 evaluable patients with Hodgkin's disease (46%), 5 of 10 patients with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (50%), 2 of 4 patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (50%), and 3 of 13 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (23%). Two of six patients with mycosis fungoides showed objective improvement in cutaneous disease. Toxicity was generally mild and included muscular weakness, myalgia, mucositis, and diarrhea; two patients developed bronchospasm following drug infusions. We conclude that methyl-GAG has major antitumor activity when administered on this schedule to patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. The low degree of toxicity, unique mechanism of action, and minimal myelosuppressive effects suggest that methyl-GAG will prove useful in future trials of combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of lymphoma. PMID- 7013855 TI - Enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry on biopsy specimens of pathologic human bone marrow. AB - We have systematically investigated a variety of fixation and plastic embedding procedures and arrived at a method that allows processing of approximately 2 micron sections of bone marrow biopsies for examination by light microscopy. More importantly, this method permits the use of enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that are rapidly becoming mandatory in the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies. Over 200 full-length bone marrow biopsy specimens were fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acrolein, dehydrated in acetone, and embedded in a mixture of methyl and glycolmethacrylate. All procedures were carried out at 4 degrees C. Decalcification was unnecessary. Sections 2-micron thick were cut and incubated for peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate), or alkaline phosphatase and then examined by light microscopy. Specimens could be prepared for examination within 48 hr. This approach, which provides definitive markers for various hematopoietic cell lines in intact tissues, is invaluable when aspirated material is unavailable. It is also useful in the analysis of focal lesions of bone marrow due to inflammation or neoplasia and shows potential as an investigative tool. For example, we have discovered that early myelofibrosis is accompanied by a marked increase in the number of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells. PMID- 7013857 TI - The use of hemolysis-in-gel assays to study polyclonal antibody secretion in bone marrow transplant recipients. AB - Polyclonal antibody secretion was measured as direct plaque-forming cells (PFC) against fluorescein isothiocyanate coupled sheep red blood cells (FITC-SRBC) or in an indirect assay using protein A coupled SRBC and anti-sera against human IgG, IgA, and IgM. Eighty individuals who were recipients of bone marrow transplants and 66 healthy controls were studied. Lymphocytes from patients studied during the first three months (short-term patients) had deficient B-cell function in both assays compared to normals. In healthy controls the direct assay only detected about 4% of the IgM producing B cells found in the indirect assay. PFC in long-term patients were not different from that of controls except for patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who had a deficient IgM production. Patients with acute GVHD had unusual high numbers of IgG PFC after Staph. aureus activation (p less than 0.001). Short-term patients with infections had increased (p less than 0.01) IgG and IgA after Staph. aureus activation. PFC assays performed in three patients with grafts from HLA-nonidentical donors showed an increase in the background cultures for IgG PFC (p less than 0.025) and an increased IgG PFC after Staph. aureus stimulation (p less than 0.01) compared to patients with HLA-identical donors. PMID- 7013856 TI - High-dose nitrogen mustard (HN2) with autologous nonfrozen bone marrow transplantation in advanced malignant melanoma. A phase I trial. AB - In a Phase I trial patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with high-dose nitrogen mustard (HN2) and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Three patients were entered into the protocol. After procurement of 1.1--5.5 x 10(5) committed stem cells (CFU-C) per kg body wt, 33 mg/m2 of HN2 was administered i.v. as a bolus. Forty-eight hours later the noncryopreserved bone marrow was reinfused i.v. Side effects consisted of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, phlebitis, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity and hypocalcemia were encountered as unanticipated side effects not described so far by using lower dosages of HN2. Granulocytopenia of less than 10 x 10(9)/l and thrombocytopenia of less than 50.0 x 10(9)/l lasted for a mean of 10 and 8 days, respectively. Measureable disease present in two of three patients did not respond to the dose of HN2 used in this protocol. This study shows that hematologic recovery was shorter than previously reported in studies using HN2 without autologous bone marrow transplantation. The nonhematologic side effects of this dose of HN2, however, were severe and preclude the use of higher doses. PMID- 7013858 TI - Functions of granulocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - The phagocytosis and intracellular killing by granulocytes as well as the opsonizing capacity of the serum were studied in 13 patients who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Phagocytosis was normal in all patients. A moderately impaired opsonic activity of the serum was found in two patients, who were investigated within 30 days after the transplantation. The intracellular killing was less than control values in two patients. In one patient this was probably due to the existence of a split chimerism. PMID- 7013859 TI - A simple test for the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase using the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. AB - A technique has been worked out for an easy detection of terminal transferase in individual cells by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme (PAP) method. Terminal transferase is an important enzyme marker for the classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemias that show a variable extent of differentiation into the T cell series. The incubation procedure giving the best results is described. PMID- 7013860 TI - Assessment of diagnostic tests. AB - An increasing number of clinicians is to day aware of the need to assess their diagnostic tools. Despite the fact that monetary value is only one of the components of the cost of a diagnostic test, economical problems are decisive stimuli for such an effort. Any diagnostic test involves a cost which is borne by the patient. So, test request is admissible only if its result may provide an useful information to the clinician. Behind this apparently simple formulation, one can foresee difficulties arising from the fact that criteria of judgement are essentially subjective, both for the cost and the usefulness. Several indices such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy, are commonly used for the assessment of the diagnostic value of a test. But these indices are not always calculated from valid data. And biases and lack of precisions are sometimes an obstacle to the transferability of the conclusions. Running from the most simple to the most complex, the aim of the assessment may be: 1. To judge the diagnostic value of a single test by reference to the final diagnosis or to the clinician's initial hypothesis. 2. To compare two diagnostic tests A and B and to discuss the possible interest of their combination. 3. To define the exact place of a test in a complex diagnostic strategy. In each of these situations, an ideal protocol can be envisaged. It will be often difficult to apply. But it will help to an informative description of both data and results, making easier utilisation of the conclusions of the study by the whole medical community. PMID- 7013861 TI - Diagnostic aids. AB - In clinical oncology, the decisional problems encountered are rarely problems of diagnosis, and this article may appear out of place in the present framework. Its aim, however, is twofold: i) to present the potential contribution of data processing techniques to the whole diagnostic process; ii) to define a few methodological aspects which, while useful in assisting diagnosis, can be transposed to other decisional aspects (determination of prognosis, aids to therapy, optimalization of investigation strategies) more frequently met in clinical oncology, as will be shown in the numerous articles presented here. This methodology is first and foremost an apprenticeship in reasoning, in self interrogation, and in the formulation of problems. PMID- 7013862 TI - Diagnostic planning using computer assisted decision-making for the patient with Hodgkin's disease. AB - For the management of Hodgkin's disease, a number of decisions must be made in order to assure selection of the best treatment for the individual patient. Data can be organized so that one can approach the management of a cohort of patients using the technique of Decision Analysis to determine in an individual patient what degree of certainty is necessary to allow one to select the best treatment, and which tests will provide that information at minimal cost. Using the technique of Decision Analysis in approaching the management of Hodgkin's Disease, we have thus been able not only to deal-with problems for which adequate data are available but also to anticipate outcomes given variable data. The approach allows one to make the best decision possible within certain ranges of uncertainty. PMID- 7013863 TI - Prognostic knowledge: interest and methods. AB - The value of prognostic information and some of the statistical aspects of prognostic studies are discussed. In the first part, seven areas of medical activity where knowledge of prognostic factors is used are identified: prediction of disease evolution, treatment decisions, design and analysis of clinical trials, comparison of non-randomized series of patients, assessment of additional clinical examinations and laboratory tests, understanding of the physio-pathology of disease, screening. In the second part, the nature of the data collected in prognostic studies is discussed, and a few statistical methods useful for the identification of prognostic factors are outlined. The paper concludes with an example of a prognostic study in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PMID- 7013864 TI - Knowledge acquisition from historical data: application to breast cancer patients. AB - The thesis of this paper is that knowledge acquired from historical data collected in a clinical research program may be used for planning future clinical trials and evaluating the effect of treatment. In a breast cancer study comparing adjuvant, treatment with FAC-BCG to control treatment Cox's regression model including number of involved nodes, stage of disease, and menopausal status was used to demonstrate that FAC-BCG patients have superior disease-free survival. A logistic regression model for acute leukemia involving age, cytogenetics, prior hematologic abnormality, temperature, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin was obtained by fitting to 325 previously untreated adult patients who received treatment between March, 1973 and April, 1977. The model was validated by prospective application to 107 patients treated between May, 1977 and December, 1978. Results in this trial will be compared with those in similar patients for the historical control series. PMID- 7013865 TI - Application of the study of prognostic factors to the treatment of childhood (less than 20 years old) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - 405 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were stratified according to age, initial leucocytes count, lymph nodes, liver and spleen size, into three prognostic classes I, II, III. Protocol 08 LA 74 which they were applied included: 1)initial randomization between Prednisone, Vincristine, Daunorubicin or the same plus Cyclophosphamide for induction and reinductions; 2)doses adjustments to prognostic factors, increased doses being given to increased risk patients; 3)comparison between intrathecal Methotrexate and intrathecal Methotrexate plus Ara-C in addition to skull irradiation for CNS prophylaxis; 4)L Asparaginase consolidation for all patients; 5)maintenance by 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate in all patients and reinductions. The most striking conclusions to date are the improvement for increased risk patients, the frequency of primary testicular relapses contrasting with the low rate of meningitis, the prognostic implication of sex, the influence on remission duration of the number of courses necessary to achieve complete remission, the importance of using Cox Method to improve the identification of prognostic groups. PMID- 7013866 TI - The choice of treatment for cancer patients based on covariate information. AB - This paper discusses the analysis of data from clinical trials in an effort to determine whether comparisons of treatment in various subsets of patients yield sufficiently different results to justify the idea that there may be an optimal treatment for each patient based on his individual characteristics. This approach belongs more to the field of exploratory data analysis than to classical hypothesis testing. The idea of treatment-covariate interactions is discussed and methods for detecting them are presented using parametric survival models incorporating covariate information. A detailed example using data from a clinical trial of estrogen treatment for prostatic cancer is presented. In this study significant treatment-covariate interactions were detected. Subsidiary analyses indicated that young patients with high grade tumors should have been treated with estrogens, but that older patients with low grade tumors were harmed by estrogen treatment. PMID- 7013867 TI - Indications for bone marrow grafting. AB - Bone marrow transplantation has found during the last decade his major indications which are severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia in complete remission. For the time being, bone marrow transplant is feasible only if the patient has an HLA identical sibling. Efforts are being made to improve the prognosis of complications such as graft versus host disease and interstitial pneumonitis. The long term survival currently obtained is over 50 per cent. PMID- 7013868 TI - [Disseminated breast carcinoma. Study of activity of immunotherapy with BCG and duration of the phase of intensive chemotherapy. Results of a randomized trial (author's transl)]. AB - 144 patients with disseminated breast cancer entered into a 4 arm randomized trial. They received a chemotherapy protocol combining monthly administration of adriamycin (40 mg/m2 on day 1), vincristine (1,2 mg/m2 of day 2), cyclophosphamide (400 mg/m2 on days 3, 4, 5), 5 fluorouracil (500 mg/m2 on days 3, 4, 5). Patients in groups I and III were given 6 courses at monthly intervals and patients in groups II and IV were given 10 courses. Then they were given indefinitely a monthly course of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2/day for 7 days), melphalan (2,5 mg/m2/day for 7 days), methotrexate (25 mg/m2/week for 3 weeks). Patients in groups III and IV were given 3 applications of living BCG disposed on a scratched area between courses of chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 73 per cent (105/144) and was comparable in each treatment group. The mean duration of response and the mean survival times were comparable in each treatment group. The mean duration of response and the mean survival times were comparable in the 4 treatment arms. The initial tumor mass, serial levels of CEA and skin responses to recall antigens were of prognostic significance. Age, hormonal status, initial lymphocytes count had no prognostic significance. PMID- 7013869 TI - Biological and technical principles of total body irradiation for bone marrow graft conditioning. AB - The aims of total body irradiation, namely immunologic suppression of the hematopoietic tissues and eventually eradication of leukemia, require a large dose which may cause detrimental effects on healthy tissues. The main problem is raised by the interstitial pneumonitis and a relative protection of the lung is advisable. A partial reduction of the dose to the lung may cause an important increase of the number of surviving cells in the cell population the irradiation is aiming aiming at. Technical problems are raised to keep this increase to an acceptable value. A relative protection of the critical tissues can be achieved by a convenient time distribution of the dose, since the repair of sublethal injuries taking place between the sessions of a fractionated irradiation or during the course of low dose rate irradiation is larger for intestine, lung..., than for bone marrow and probably leukemic cells. Animal experiments have provided radiobiological data for estimating the therapeutic benefit related to the fraction number or to the dose rate. PMID- 7013870 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. AB - Since the results of bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia in relapse have been poor (less than 20% long term survival), an attempt of bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia in remission has been performed since 1976 by the Seattle Group. The results are very encouraging. In ANL transplanted in first remission, 56 per cent of the patients became long term survivors and were disease-free. The number of relapse was very low (less than 10%). IN ALL transplanted in second or subsequent remission, 40 per cent of the patients became long term survivors but the number of relapse was high (50%). Some attempts of bone marrow transplantation using a non-HLA identical sibling have been performed with most encouraging results. PMID- 7013871 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in 65 patients with severe aplastic anemia. AB - This articles summarizes the experience of the Hospital Saint-Louis Bone Marrow Transplantation Team of bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia. Sixty-five consecutive patients have been transplanted with an HLA identical sibling marrow. Various conditioning regimen have been used. Conditioning regimen using high dose Cyclophosphamide alone or associated with Procarbazine and anti thymocyte globulin gave a high number of bone marrow graft rejection. Therefore, a conditioning regimen using Cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with lung shielding has been used for the last three years. This regimen suppressed bone marrow graft rejection. The main problems remain graft versus host disease and intercurrent infections. Despite these complications, 50 per cent of the patients become long term survivors and are apparently cured of their initial disease. PMID- 7013872 TI - A reevaluation of the toxicity of coal conversion process waters. PMID- 7013873 TI - Pathological and pathogenetic aspects of chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7013874 TI - Interactions between granulocyte proteases and protease inhibitors in the lung. PMID- 7013875 TI - The acid stable proteinase inhibitors of the respiratory tract. Chemistry and function. PMID- 7013876 TI - Localization of a low molecular weight protease inhibitor in the respiratory tract. PMID- 7013877 TI - Evaluation of the protease-antiprotease theory of human destructive lung disease. PMID- 7013878 TI - Sex and the dental practice: a reinterpretation of the history of dental hygienists. PMID- 7013879 TI - G.V. Black and the search for a better amalgam. PMID- 7013880 TI - Dr. Nathaniel Peabody and his book The Art of Preserving Teeth. PMID- 7013883 TI - [Membership list of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium]. PMID- 7013884 TI - [Membership list of the French Ophthalmology Society 1980]. PMID- 7013881 TI - The Indiana University School of Dentistry in times of war. PMID- 7013882 TI - Development of school screening audiometry. AB - It is now 50 years since serious attempts have been made to detect hearing impairment in school children, first by using the "Fading numbers gramophone audiometer" (in 1930-31) and later (in 1954) by the "Pure tone, sweep frequency, audiometric tests". There is good evidence to show (based to experience from this and many other countries) that by a properly organized screening programme, on the average, 6% of school children will be discovered to have significant hearing impairment and that without screening most of these will not be developed in this country unevenly and there are still many places where it is not practised properly or not at all. One of the reasons for this is the serious lack of understanding of the importance of screening by the authorities and, until recently, almost a complete lack of guidance by the Department of Health and Social Security. It is recommended also that systematic school-leaving audiometry should be introduced. The preventive and epidemiological significance of school leaving audiometry is stressed. Its potential importance in relation to industrial audiology is discussed. Impedance measurements are important but tests of middle-ear function should not be used as screening tests of hearing. First of all they are far too sensitive as a screening device and also it may lead to non detection of many specific but significant sensorineural hearing losses (which are more frequent in children than generally assumed). However, it is hoped that eventually all children discovered to have a hearing loss, as a result of screening audiometry, will have a full test of middle-ear function. The two tests are complementary and not mutually exclusive. PMID- 7013885 TI - [Role of anterior vitrectomy in re-operations for keratoplasty with lens excision]. PMID- 7013886 TI - [Transfixing keratoplasty and secondary glaucoma]. PMID- 7013888 TI - Henri Dunant and the Red Cross. PMID- 7013887 TI - [Attempt at a definition of biocompatibility tests with regard to materials implanted in the eye]. PMID- 7013889 TI - Effects of nerve stimulation and of administration of noradrenaline or potassium chloride upon the release of prostaglandins, I2, E2, and F2 alpha from te perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rabbit. AB - 1 The release of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), PGE2 and PGF2 alpha from the perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rabbit was examined at rest, following nerve stimulation and following noradrenaline (NA) or potassium chloride (KCl) administration. 2 Stimulation of adrenergic nerves at 10 Hz caused a significant increase in the release of both PGI2, (assayed in terms of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and PGE2 but a significant decrease in the release of PGF2 alpha. 3 Exogenous Na (2 micrograms) increased the output of PGI2 and PGE2 but left the output of PGF2 alpha unaffected. 4 KCl (15 mg) significantly increased the output of PGF2 alpha but left the output of PGF2 unaffected. 5 It is concluded that PGI2 and PGE2 output from the mesenteric arterial bed of the rabbit increases following stimulation of adrenoceptors. The sympathetic nervous system may therefore modulate PGI2/platelet interaction. 6 Prostaglandins released from the blood vessels by sympathetic nerve stimulation may also modulate adrenergic transmission to the blood vessels. PMID- 7013891 TI - Indium (111In)-labelled platelets in the diagnosis of renal transplant rejection: preliminary findings. AB - Eleven patients with recent kidney transplants have undergone serial pelvic imaging after autologous platelet labelling with indium-111. Rejection was accompanied by marked platelet deposition in the graft, whereas acute tubular necrosis was characterized by minimal platelet accumulation. The method has been quantified by comparing counts over the graft to counts from a similar area on the opposite site, and appears to distinguish between the two main causes of renal failure after transplantation. In addition, complications of transplant surgery may be demonstrated. PMID- 7013890 TI - Misonidazole as a radiosensitizer in the radiotherapy of glioblastomas and oesophageal cancer. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies. AB - Since May 1978 the hypoxic-cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole (MIS), has been under clinical investigation in a phase III trial with multiple doses of the drug in 11 patients with brain tumours (seven glioblastomas, four recurrent brain tumours) and three patients with oesophageal carcinoma. The doses of MIS administered were usually well tolerated but the principal toxicities observed were peripheral neuropathy as well as nausea and vomiting was completely reversible. The incidence of neuropathy was not related to the pharmacological parameters of plasma level or half-life. Pharmacological assessment by high pressure liquid chromatography included assays of plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The demethylated product, Ro-05-9963, was detected as the major metabolite. Peak plasma levels were obtained one to four hours after administration of MIS, with a half-life of five to ten hours. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MIS correlated well with those of the plasma. MIS was mainly excreted as the demethylated metabolite, but less than 40% of the given dose could be recovered. The results obtained suggest that the present MIS dosage for glioblastoma patients results in a low plasma level with no observable therapeutic effect. PMID- 7013892 TI - Naftidrofuryl for ischaemic rest pain: a controlled trial. AB - A preliminary study suggested that some patients with ischaemic rest pain improved during treatment with naftidrofuryl (Praxilene). Therefore, a controlled trial was performed in which 16 patients were treated for 7 days with placebo (given intravenously and in tablet form), and were then given Praxilene for a further 10 days and assessed subjectively and objectively. The drug regimen used was Praxilene 200 mg 8-hourly by mouth and 200 mg twice-daily intravenously. Although no objective improvement could be attributed to the drug, 7 of the 16 patients showed subjective improvement during the placebo period, but reported no further improvement during the Praxilene period (placebo responders). Five patients did not respond to the placebo but reported an improvement at all. Praxilene produced subjective improvement in the symptoms of rest pain in 5 patients out of 16 in this small study. PMID- 7013893 TI - A controlled trial to compare systemic and intra-incisional cefuroxime prophylaxis in high risk gastric surgery. AB - A prospective randomized controlled trial has compared single dose systemic cefuroxime (n = 27) or intra-incisional cefuroxime (n = 26) with a control group (n = 28) in 81 patients undergoing gastric resection, revision gastric surgery or operation for gastro-oesophageal malignancy. In the controls the incidence of sepsis was: 35 per cent wound infection, 29 per cent abscess, 21 per cent septicaemia. After intra-incisional cefuroxime the incidence was: 4 per cent wound sepsis, 19 per cent abscess and 4 per cent septicaemia. After systemic cefuroxime only 2 patients developed wound sepsis (7 per cent) with no cases of abscess or septicaemia. Excluded from this high risk group were 36 patients who had a vagotomy with or without drainage during the trial where antibiotics were not given, 4 of whom developed wound sepsis only (11 per cent). There was a poor correlation between the individual species isolated from the gastric aspirate and the organisms responsible for postoperative infection in the controls, but there was a good correlation between fasting gastric pH and the risk of sepsis in the controls. PMID- 7013894 TI - The effect of dihydroergotamine and heparin on the incidence of thromboembolic complications following total hip replacement: a randomized controlled clinical trial. AB - A randomized blind clinical trial was carried out to assess the effect of dihydroergotamine (DHE) alone and in combination with heparin on the incidence of thromboembolic complications of total hip replacement. It was found that a combination of DHE 0.5 mg and heparin 5000 units subcutaneously, given 8-hourly in separate injection sites, reduced the incidence of thromboembolic complications from 63 per cent in the untreated controls to 7.4 per cent in the treated group. This difference was highly significant. DHE alone produced a reduction in the incidence of thromboembolism but this reduction was not statistically significant. Blood loss was calculated using pre- and postoperative haemoglobin levels, taking into account the amount of blood transfused. It was found that the blood loss in the DHE/heparin-treated patients was identical to that in the untreated controls. The patients who received DHE alone had a significantly lower mean blood loss than the other two groups. It is concluded that this reduction in blood loss by DHE may be due to its venoconstrictor properties. PMID- 7013895 TI - The effect of topical povidone iodine on wound infection following abdominal surgery. AB - The effect of povidone iodine on wound sepsis following gastrointestinal surgery was studied in a trial involving 153 patients of whom 72 had their wounds sprayed with povidone iodine dry powder (Disadine DP) and 81 acted as a control group. The infection rate of 9.9 per cent in the patients treated with povidone iodine was significantly lower than that of 24.4 per cent in the control group (P less than 0.05). Bacterial contamination of the wound at the time of operation was shown to be of importance, being associated with a 52 per cent infection rate in the control group. However, spraying of contaminated wounds with povidone iodine reduced the infection rate to the significantly lower level of 11 per cent (P less than 0.05). We conclude that povidone iodine is a safe and effective means of reducing wound sepsis following gastrointestinal surgery. PMID- 7013898 TI - Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in wild voles (Microtus agrestis). PMID- 7013896 TI - A survey of drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales from 1975 to 1978. PMID- 7013897 TI - A century of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: from original description to aetiology. PMID- 7013899 TI - The water buffalo: a review. PMID- 7013900 TI - Experimental studies on the olfactory marker protein. I. Presence of the olfactory marker protein in tufted and mitral cells. AB - Partial, unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed in mice, and the behavior of the olfactory marker protein (OMP) studied, after this experimental manipulation, with the peroxidase--antiperoxidase method. The protein, which in normal mice is present only in mature olfactory sensory neurons, after unilateral lesion of the fila olfactoria was observed in mitral and tufted cells of both olfactory bulbs. Positive elements, present at 5 days postoperative, increased in number up to 30 days and some could still be detected at 60 days. The functional implications of this finding are briefly discussed. PMID- 7013901 TI - Time discrimination with positional responses after selective prefrontal lesions in monkeys. AB - Monkeys with ablations of the cortex in the principal sulcus who were impaired on a spatial delayed reaction test were unimpaired on a time discrimination test in which length of time since the last trial signalled the spatial position of the correct foodwell. The finding undermines the view that the classical delayed reaction deficit after lateral prefrontal lesions reflects the loss of temporal structuring of the stream of sensory input. The result is consistent instead with the alternative view that the classical deficit reflects a spatial memory disorder. Monkeys with inferior prefrontal ablations were impaired on both spatial tasks, and on object discrimination reversal as well; analysis of their deficits indicated that they were instances of perseverative interference. Finally, monkeys with ablations of the cortex in the arcuate sulcus were not consistently impaired on any of the tasks. There is no evidence from these results that prefrontal cortex plays any role in time perception. PMID- 7013902 TI - Expression of antigenic markers during the development of oligodendrocytes in mouse brain cell cultures. AB - The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and galactocerebroside (GC), two antigenic markers for oligodendrocytes, was checked on 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-day old dissociated mouse brain cell cultures (BCC) by using the indirect immunofluorescence method with double staining. The number of GC positive cells increased between the 7th and the 14th day of culture before a steady state was reached. In contrast to this, the MBP-positive cells appeared only on the 14th day of culture, and their number increased with the age of the culture. In double staining, the serum produced against isolated oligodendrocytes shows the same picture as the anti-GC serum, while only a part of GC-positive cells showed also the presence of MBP. Our data suggest that the GC appears very early on the membrane of the oligodendrocytes during development while cells exhibiting both GC and MBP probably represent a more differentiated oligodendrocyte population. PMID- 7013904 TI - Electron immunocytochemistry in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the rat brain. AB - In order to clearly identify the cellular elements as well as the organelles containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunocytochemical localization of this peptide was performed in the rat brain. Ultrastructural localization studies involving use of both pre- and post-embedding staining techniques clearly demonstrated that VIP immunoreactivity was associated with dendrites and axonal processes. In dendrites, the labeling was rather diffuse throughout the cytoplasm whereas in terminals it was observed in large dense core vesicles and not within the small clear vesicles. About 50% of positive endings were observed forming typical synaptic contact. These results support the hypothesis that VIP can act as a neurotransmitter. PMID- 7013903 TI - Ammonia and disinhibition in cat motor cortex by ammonium acetate, monofluoroacetate and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AB - Ammonia intoxication abolished the suppression of action potential generation by cortical postsynaptic inhibition due to the inactivation of neuronal Cl- extrusion. The disinhibition by ammonia intoxication occurred when ammonia concentrations in the cerebral cortex were increased to 320% of normal. Fluoroacetate poisoning and insulin-induced hypoglycemia, which are known to increase ammonia concentrations in the CNS and previously have been shown to inactivate Cl- extrusion in spinal motoneurons, abolished the suppression of action potential generation by cortical postsynaptic inhibition like ammonia intoxication. This disinhibition occurred at unchanged cerebral ammonia concentrations. The effect of fluoroacetate and insulin induced hypoglycemia on cortical postsynaptic inhibition is either due to a direct, i.e. not ammonia mediated, inactivation of neuronal Cl- extrusion or due to a disturbance of the synaptic mechanisms mediated by the transmitter of cortical inhibition, GABA. Toxic-metabolic encephalopathies which increase cerebral ammonia concentrations beyond 320% of normal may produce a dysfunction of the CNS due to inactivation of neuronal Cl- extrusion leading to ineffective cortical inhibition. However, in fluoroacetate poisoning and insulin-induced hypoglycemia increased ammonia concentrations in the CNS have only a secondary role in initiating a dysfunction of the CNS since disinhibition occurs before ammonia concentrations increase. PMID- 7013905 TI - Identification of a tecto-olivocerebellar path to posterior vermis in the cat. AB - Climbing fibre projections to posterior cerebellar vermis (lobule VII) activated from midbrain tegmentum and tectum were studied in chloralose anaesthetized cats. Only a medial, possibly bilateral, region of lobule VII was activated by fibres proceeding in a dorsal tegmental region, located within and dorsally to the red nucleus. The same area of lobule VII was also activated from tectum, in the deeper layers of superior colliculi at slightly longer latency. It was suggested that this represents a tecto-olivocerebellar pathway. PMID- 7013906 TI - Enkephalin and zinc in the hippocampal mossy fiber System. PMID- 7013907 TI - Serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. Evidence for the existence of separate serotonin- and catecholamine-containing small ganglionic cells. AB - Superior cervical ganglia of 8 adult male rats were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, using an antibody to a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and serotonin, and an antibody to a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and noradrenaline. The fixative used was 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Consecutive cryostat sections of whole ganglia were alternately stained with these antibodies. Serotonin- as well as catecholamine immunoreactive, small ganglionic cells were demonstrated, both arranged in clusters. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were mostly located at the cranial or caudal side of the ganglia. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells provided with processes were easily observed. Only a few mast cells were seen. Catecholamine immunoreactive cells were rounded without processes. This cell type did not seem to have a preferential position within the ganglia. Intermingling of both immunoreactive, small ganglionic cells was not observed. A considerable variety in the number of both immunoreactive cell types was established. Catecholamine immunoreactive cells were absent in 3 our of 8 animals. Evidence is provided that the catecholamine-immunoreactive cells are storing noradrenaline. The presented data seem to indicate the presence of 3 different types of small, intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat, viz. a dopamine-storing, a noradrenaline-storing, and a serotonin-storing SIF cell type. PMID- 7013908 TI - Fever response in the guinea pig before and after parturition. AB - The febrile response to an intramuscular injection of bacterial endotoxin (E. coli 4 microgram/kg) was tested in guinea pigs at the end of pregnancy in the time period extending from 8 days before until 3 days after parturition. In comparison to non-pregnant female controls both fever height and fever index were reduced in mother guinea pigs one week before parturition. This response was gradually reduced and reached its minimum on the last day before parturition. Immediately after parturition the fever response was still suppressed in mother animals as well as in newborns. Several hours after birth the fever response increased again in both groups of animals. The onset time and duration of fever were, however, shorter than in controls. The full fever responsivity was not reached until several days postpartum. Apparently the guinea pig develops an active antipyresis during the last phase of pregnancy. This resembles the suppression of fever in ewes at term of pregnancy where endogenous arginine vasopressin has been proposed as an antipyretic agent. The vasopressinergic neuronal systems have therefore been localized by immunohistochemical methods in the brains of the guinea pigs whose responses to bacterial endotoxin were studied. These studies, which are described in detail in a following paper, support the involvement of vasopressin in natural antipyresis in the guinea pig. PMID- 7013909 TI - Radial glia of developing human fetal spinal cord: Golgi, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - Radial glia of the developing spinal cord were examined by Golgi, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical methods in 40 human embryos and fetuses of ovulation age 6-20 weeks. As in developing cerebrum and cerebellum, gliogenesis in the spinal cord occurs much earlier than traditionally believed. The presence of transitional forms suggests that subependymal glia originate from detached radial glia that divide and differentiate in their new location. Well differentiated astroglia evolve from radial glia as fetal age advances. PMID- 7013910 TI - Co-culture of nerve cells and pancreatic islets. AB - Nerve cell dissociated from the cerebral cortex of mice were co-cultured with isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans. After two weeks of co-culture, numerous axons had invaded the islets and differentiated nerve endings were closely juxtaposed to the endocrine islet cells. In contrast, no remnants of nerve cells were observed in isolated islets cultured alone for the same duration. The attachment and/or survival and differentiation of nerve cells were markedly promoted in the presence of islets. The latter effects were probably due to insulin secreted by the islets in the culture medium. PMID- 7013912 TI - [The basis for the control of hospital infections]. PMID- 7013911 TI - [Causes of death in children at the Sick Children's Hospital. Statistical study of 1098 anatomo-clinical case histories over a 10-year-period (1966-1975)]. PMID- 7013913 TI - [The hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis in the aged subject]. PMID- 7013914 TI - [Contribution of tomodensitometry to the knowledge of the normal and pathologic optic nerve]. PMID- 7013916 TI - [Mechanical sutures in gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 7013915 TI - [2 cases of primary restrictive myocardiopathy. Trial of surgical treatment]. PMID- 7013917 TI - [The risks caused by exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7013918 TI - [Fetotoxicity of cannabis extracts]. PMID- 7013919 TI - [Veterinary pharmacy and the protection of public health]. PMID- 7013920 TI - [Possibilities of discontinuing therapeutic use of cocaine and its salts]. PMID- 7013921 TI - ["Signal" headlights in town? A negative response from the optical physiology viewpoint]. PMID- 7013923 TI - [In memory of Clement Bressou (1887-1979)]. PMID- 7013922 TI - [Project of a degree concerning chewing gum]. PMID- 7013924 TI - [Epidemiology, prevention and treatment of drug abuse in the French army]. PMID- 7013925 TI - [Laboratory study of the most effective immunization route and purification of salmonella vaccination antigens]. PMID- 7013926 TI - [Prevention of viral hepatitis type A using polyvalent immunoglobulins. Results obtained in the army]. PMID- 7013927 TI - [Nutritional courses of primary hyperlipoproteinemias. Application to epidemiology, experimental medicine and therapy]. PMID- 7013929 TI - [Tumoral transformations in plants]. PMID- 7013928 TI - [Effect of the sex of the newborn infant on subsequent breast cancer in the mother]. PMID- 7013930 TI - [Medical, social and economical consequences of Lavern's discovery]. PMID- 7013931 TI - [In memory of Andre Meyer (1903-1979)]. PMID- 7013932 TI - [Remarks on the practice of dentistry]. PMID- 7013933 TI - [Educational mission of the physician in health protection]. PMID- 7013934 TI - [Persistence of pneumococcal risk. Therapeutic and preventive measures]. PMID- 7013935 TI - [Medicine in the life and work of Voltaire CI)]. PMID- 7013936 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia in young children. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7013937 TI - [Cushing's disease and hypophyseal microadenoma]. PMID- 7013938 TI - [Medicine in the life and work of Voltaire (2)]. PMID- 7013940 TI - [Cancer and immunosuppression]. PMID- 7013939 TI - [The death of Paul Broca (1824-1880)]. PMID- 7013941 TI - A drill in either hand. PMID- 7013942 TI - His services are free of charge. PMID- 7013943 TI - Comparison of the calming and sedative effects of nalbuphine and pentazocine for paediatric premedication. AB - Nalbuphine (EN2234A) is an agonist-antagonist analgesic. It is structurally related to the narcotic analgesic oxymorphone and to the narcotic antagonist naloxone. A double blind study was carried out in 400 children in ASA classification I, ranging from 10 months to 14 years of age, to compare nalbuphine, pentazocine and placebo for paediatric premedication. Our results showed that nalbuphine is comparable to pentazocine as a premedicating agent and superior to placebo, in the doses used, and that premedication is an important adjunct to anaesthesia in children. Following premedication with nalbuphine or pentazocine, there were fewer apprehensive children at the time of induction of anaesthesia and in the recovery room when compared to those receiving placebo injections. PMID- 7013945 TI - Analyzing selected criticisms of water fluoridation. PMID- 7013946 TI - Directory. Canadian Dental Society. PMID- 7013944 TI - Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on endocrine function in elderly patients. AB - The effect of halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and abdominal surgery on endocrine function was investigated in 18 elderly patients whose ages ranged from 65 to 77 (mean 69 years). Cortisol levels in plasma increased significantly during anaesthesia and surgery, and the increases were slightly higher than those in young adults. Plasma aldosterone increased and insulin levels did not change during the procedures, and these levels were lower than in younger adults. The endocrine responses in elderly patients were similar in magnitude to those in young adults. Therefore it appears that no special hormonal treatment is necessary for elderly patients undergoing routine surgical procedures. PMID- 7013947 TI - Central neurilemmoma of the mandible. PMID- 7013949 TI - [Preprosthetic surgery: new perspectives]. PMID- 7013948 TI - Reduction eminoplasty for chronic recurrent luxation of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7013950 TI - Cloning and expression of fumarate reductase gene of Escherichia coli. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in fumarate reductase activity and therefore unable to grow anaerobically with fumarate as an electron acceptor have been isolated. By F+-mediated conjugation and complementation with the mutant host, two E. coli: Col E1 recombinant DNA plasmids have been identified from the Clarke and Carbon Colony Bank which carry the structural genes for fumarate reductase. Bacteria harboring either of these plasmids express about ten times the normal level of fumarate reductase. Enzyme purified from the two sources, plasmid-carrying and plasmidless E. coli, have identical physical and kinetic properties indicating that both the 69 000 and 25 000 dalton polypeptides are amplified. Regulation of plasmid-encoded enzyme, like the chromosomally encoded enzyme, is dependent upon the presence of fumarate and anaerobiosis. PMID- 7013951 TI - Propranolol in the treatment of renin-mediated hypertension. PMID- 7013952 TI - Differential sensitivity of regional vascular beds in the dog to low-dose prostacyclin infusion. AB - The effects of low-dose prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion on abdominal organ, regional central nervous system, and regional myocardial blood flow distribution was studied in 14 open-chested, anesthetized dogs. Blood flow was measured using the radioactive microsphere technique and left atrial (LA) injection of 15-micron spheres. Continuous LA PGI1 infusion (25-35 ng/kg per minute) significantly (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.005) increased renal cortical (+13%), splenic (+20%), small intestinal (+41%), large intestinal (54%), fundic mucosal (+53%), and antral mucosal (+65%) blood flows whereas pancreatic, gallbladder, and hepatic (arterial) flow remained unchanged. Within the central nervous system blood flow increased in the medulla (+18%) and cerebral cortical gray matter (+17%) but was unchanged in the cervical spinal cord, pons, dorsal thalamus, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, and cerebral white matter. Atrial and ventricular myocardial blood flows and masseter muscle blood flow were unchanged during PGI2 administration. Thus blood flow changes are variable between and within regional vascular beds during low-dose PGI2 infusion in the dog. PMID- 7013953 TI - A reevaluation of the refractory period following the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the rhesus monkey. AB - A refractory period of 6-8 days following the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in the rhesus monkey has been reported, the estrogen having been applied as injections of estradiol benzoate. This was reinvestigated using Silastic capsules filled with estradiol-17-beta. Mature intact female rhesus monkeys were given two successive exposures to estrogen, each of 48 h duration. In one experiment the second exposure started 4 days after the capsules were first implanted (2 days after removal), in the second experiment, 3 days after implantation (1 day after removal). LH surges were seen in response to both estrogen treatments in both experiments. The results suggests that a period of exposure to relatively low estrogen levels is required before a second LH surge can be elicited. This period of time can be as short as 24 h. PMID- 7013954 TI - Circulatory effects of acute or chronic endotoxemia in rats. AB - A study was made of the effects of acute (4 h) infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin on cardiovascular function in rats. Rats with acute endotoxemia had a reduced cardiac output but maintained their arterial blood pressure. Fractional distribution of the cardiac output was increased to the liver and reduced to the gastorintestinal tract and skin. No changes in fractional distribution to the kidneys, lungs, or heart were observed although absolute blood flow to these areas was reduced. Rats with chronic endotoxemia had a reduced cardiac output and hypotension with no change in peripheral resistance. Other changes resembled those seen in acute endotoxemia apart from a low renal fraction of the cardiac output. Calculation and interpretation of blood flow changes in these animals was difficult because of a large fall in hematocrit and changes in organ weight. PMID- 7013955 TI - Glucose reabsorption in the kidney. PMID- 7013956 TI - Paul Flechsig's system of myelogenetic cortical localization in the light of recent research in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Part I. AB - In the first part of the paper supplementary information on Flechsig's personality and his attitude to work is given which had not been sufficiently appreciated in English biographical notices. This is followed by translated excerpts from "Gehirn and Seele", published in 1896, in which Flechsig introduced his myelogenetic localization of the cerebral cortex. The second part is mainly a review of recent advances in neuroanatomical and neurophysiological research within those cortical regions in which Flechsig had been interested. A comparison between recent advances and Flechsig's work demonstrates that Flechsig had definitive ideas on the solution of some of the outstanding problems but had been unable to resolve these with the techniques available at his time. PMID- 7013958 TI - The final victory of General U. S. Grant. PMID- 7013957 TI - Preventing anaerobic infection in surgery of the colon. AB - A randomized prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis was carried out in patients who underwent elective surgery of the colon. The wound infection rate in 70 patients who received cephradine intravenously in the perioperative period (group 1) was 25%, compared with 8% in 60 patients who received metronidazole and erythromycin base orally before operation (group 2). Both Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli were cultured from the majority of wound infections in group 1, but B. fragilis was not found in any group 2 patients. Wound contamination indicated by wound class or by culture of the subcutaneous tissue of the wound before closure was the best predictor of subsequent wound infections. These results suggest a dominant role for intestinal anaerobes in the genesis of wound infections after colonic surgery and show that antibiotics specifically directed against these organisms can substantially reduce the rate of wound infection. PMID- 7013959 TI - Activity of indicine N-oxide in refractory acute leukemia. AB - Indicine N-oxide, the first pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide to be studied in the treatment of cancer in humans, was administered to ten patients: four children and two adolescents with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia and four adults with refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (three acute myelocytic, one myelomonocytic). Two patients, a 4-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia and a 22-year-old man with acute myelocytic leukemia, achieved complete remission lasting 3 and 5+ months, respectively. Another 15-year-old male with acute lymphocytic leukemia had a partial remission for four months. Toxicities included bone marrow suppression, mild anorexia and nausea, and transient elevation of liver enzymes. Jaundice and liver failure, presumably induced by drug, occurred in two patients. PMID- 7013961 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a patient with allergy to insulin: a case report. AB - A patient with allergy to insulin experienced reactive lymphadenopathy and, later, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; all occurred within 18 months. It is suggested that insulin may be added to the list of drugs associated with the appearance of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7013960 TI - Combination therapy of hormone and cytotoxic agents in advanced breast cancer. AB - The effectiveness of combination therapy with diethylstilbestrol, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil (DES + CTx + FU) was compared with DES alone or CTx + FU in 87 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Therapy was randomized according to the tumor estrogen-receptor (ER) status. In 30 patients with ER-rich tumors and 35 patients with ER-unknown tumors, combination therapy yielded a higher response rate than DES therapy (87% vs. 64% and 59% vs. 23%, respectively). The pooled data from these two groups of patients suggest that the improved response rate from DES + CTx + FU against DES becomes more apparent in patients with visceral involvement (89% vs. 47%) (P less than 0.025) and that patients treated initially with combination therapy (DES + CTx + FU) appeared to have a longer survival than those treated with sequential therapy (DES leads to CTx + FU) (P = 0.06). The survival data in 22 patients with receptor-poor tumors were significantly inferior to those with receptor-rich tumors (P = 0.001). The ER status and presence of visceral metastases are significant factors in the selection of treatment programs. PMID- 7013962 TI - The effect of pre- and postmastectomy radiotherapy on the degree of edema, shoulder-joint mobility, and gripping force. AB - Women undergoing mastectomy for cancer were assigned at random to three groups, each with about 310 patients. In one group, radiotherapy was given before the operation, and in the second group, it was given after the operation. In the third group, no radiotherapy was given. About 160 patients from each group were examined for the degree of edema of the arm, mobility of the shoulder- represented by 5 indices--and gripping force. Except for gripping force, the findings were significantly better for the group not receiving radiotherapy than for the groups given irradiation. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups receiving radiotherapy before or after mastectomy. For all groups, there was significant edema of the arm and a decrease in the mobility of the shoulder compared with that of the control arm, except for the rotations in the group not receiving irradiation. PMID- 7013964 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen localization in benign and malignant transitional epithelium. AB - Transitional epithelium from 30 cases, including transitional cell carcinoma of various grades and stages, carcinoma in situ, cystitis cystica, and glandularis, as well as normal bladder epithelium, was studied for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) content by the immunoperoxidase technique. The results indicate that CEA is present in normal transitional epithelium and that its level frequently decreases in transitional cell carcinoma. These results are related to the findings in studies of urinary CEA excretion. PMID- 7013963 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy of high risk stage I melanoma with transfer factor. AB - Following conventional surgical management, 100 patients with high risk Stage I melanoma were treated with transfer factor to reduce the incidence of disease recurrence. All patients had primary lesions invasive to Clark's level III or deeper and exceeding 1.0 mm in measured thickness. Ninety-six patients are available for analysis at 15 to 67 months (median: 30 months) after diagnosis. Nine patients have had a recurrence of disease (treatment failure), and one has died. Actuarial non-failure rate is 90%, and survival rate is 99% at five years. A nonrandomized but contemporary control group of 46 patients displaying comparable risk factors was treated with surgery alone. The non-failure rate of this group is 63%, and the survival rate is 69%, data consistent with the results of several published studies. These results suggest that transfer factor immunotherapy may be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of patients with high risk Stage I melanoma. PMID- 7013965 TI - Follicular center cell lymphoma of childhood: a report of three cases and a discussion of its relationship to Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Three children with follicular center cell lymphomas are reported. The tumors were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and the immunoperoxidase technique. All three tumors contained monotypic immunoglobulin; one had the morphology of a 'signet ring cell lymphoma,' and one had arisen in a child with Bloom's syndrome. Two tumors exhibited a nodular or partly nodular growth pattern. The tumors were compared with African cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and found to have marked differences in their morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. The authors believe that one should distinguish between Burkitt's lymphoma and follicular center cell lymphomas occurring in childhood. PMID- 7013966 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: relationship with hematologic, lymphoid, and thymic neoplasia. AB - Four cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are described; one each was associated with Hodgkin's disease, a thymoma, an atypical lymphoid proliferation resembling Castleman's disease, and a cutaneous reticulosis. The association of KS with lymphoproliferative, hematologic, and other neoplasms is thoroughly reviewed, with special attention to tissue diagnosis, relative order of development, and relationship to immunosuppressive treatment. Review of 65 accepted cases, including ours, showed that 85% of patients with KS and a known order of development appeared with KS either simultaneously or after the second neoplasm. There was a disproportionate tendency for hematologic malignancy to develop simultaneously with KS. Of the 22 patients who had KS subsequent to a second neoplasm, 18 (82%) had received some form of interval immunosuppression. This evidence and observations in renal allograft recipients, patients with pemphigus, and patients with other autoimmune disorders point to the frequency of a common background of deranged immune status in patients with KS. Therefore, either naturally occurring or iatrogenic immune deficiency likely predisposes patients to KS. Some possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are reviewed. PMID- 7013967 TI - Surface marker and histopathologic correlation with long-term survival in advanced large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Since 1974, a group of consecutive adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been prospectively analyzed for tumor-surface membrane-marker phenotype and histopathologic correlation with response to treatment and survival. The results are reported in a subset of 35 patients with advanced (Stages III-IV) large-cell variants, most of whom would be classified by Rappaport criteria as histiocytic. An attempt has been made to define those marker characteristics that will identify long-term survivors in this diverse group who remain in continuous disease-free remission. There were ten patients with complete remissions with intensive treatment. The most common subgroup within the complete responders were patients with cells that were nonexpressive (null) and were classified by Lukes Collins criteria as the large, noncleaved follicular center cell variant. Currently there are seven patients remaining in complete remission, five of whom have been in continuous disease-free remission for more than two years (total survival 34+-42+ months) following cessation of all treatment. Of those five, four were in the null group and four were classified as large non-cleaved. The actuarial survival curve for all null patients is characterized by a rapid initial decline and a subsequent plateau, which contains four of the long survivors. In contrast, the B-derived group has a more graded decline in survival with time; this curve currently contains the remaining long survivor. Although the overall prognosis of B-derived tumors appears to be superior to that of the null subset, the subgroup with the potential for cure at this point in our study includes patients with both null and B-derived tumors, particularly those classified by Lukes-Collins criteria as the large noncleaved follicular center cell variant. PMID- 7013968 TI - Specific antiemetics for specific cancer chemotherapeutic agents: haloperidol versus benzquinamide. AB - Sixty-four patients receiving cancer chemotherapy known to induce severe emesis entered a randomized double-blind study of the antiemetic efficacy of haloperidol (Haldol) and benzquinamide (Emetecon). Patients preferred haloperidol for control of emesis induced by cis-platinum (78 vs. 22%) or nitrogen mustard (67 vs. 16%). Patients receiving Doxorubicin preferred benzquinamide by a small margin (46 to 38%). Individual patients who experienced no relief with their first antiemetic (13 of 15) usually got some relief with the other after crossover. Haloperidol was more effective than benzquinamide (54 vs. 29%) in patients previously unrelieved by prochlorperazine (Compazine). Complete relief of vomiting was obtained in 14 of 45 patients receiving haloperidol but only five of 41 patients receiving benzquinamide experienced no vomiting, again dependent on the anticancer agent used. Although haloperidol is a more effective antiemetic agent overall, efficacy is related to the anticancer treatment and probably to individual patient characteristics. PMID- 7013969 TI - The Society of Surgical Oncology Lucy Wortham James Research Award--1980. Problems in clinical trials: lessons from the "tuck uppers". PMID- 7013970 TI - The many faces of surgical oncology. PMID- 7013971 TI - A randomized comparison of radiotherapy with a radiotherapy--chemotherapy combination in stage IV carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Between 1975 and 1978, 23 patients with Stage IV, unresectable, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to receive radiotherapy (RT, 11 patients), or radiotherapy-chemotherapy (RT & CT, 12 patients). The response rate for the 12 RT & CT patients was four complete remissions (CR) and four partial remissions (PR); the 11 RT patients had one CR and three PR. The presence of a responses (CR or PR) significantly enhanced the median survival (14 vs. 5 months; P = 0.005). The duration of objectives remission was longer among the RT & CT patients when compared with RT patients (6 vs. 2.3 months, P = 0.18). The median survival of the RT & CT group was 12 months compared with 5.6 months for the RT group (P = 0.13). One RT & CT patient remains alive with disease at 44 months, one RT patient remains alive without disease at 30 months. The present chemotherapy regimen did not modify the pattern of failure and only marginally increased patient survival. It did, however, increase the response rate. The authors plan to reactivate the trial with modification in the induction chemotherapy and the addition of postradiation maintenance CT consisting of sequential bleomycin and cis-platinum. PMID- 7013972 TI - Role of circulating antibodies in the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition response of lung and breast cancer patients. AB - A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) assay has recently been developed in which 0.25% serum from the patient is added to the assay system in combination with the relevant antigen. Trypsinized leukocytes from control persons are used as indicator cells. In the present work, the nature of the humoral factor in serum from breast and lung cancer patients is studied. 3.5 M KCl extracts from the cell lines MCF-7 and Calu-1 were used as breast and lung cancer antigen, respectively. It was found that the humoral factor involved in the H-LAI response was precipitated from the sera by addition of ammonium sulphate to 50% saturation. This factor could be removed by passage through an affinity column with the relevant antigen bound to the matrix. Stable complexes were formed between the humoral factor and the relevant antigen, and could be precipitated by polyethylene glycol. When different anti-immunoglobulins were added to the sera, the humoral factor was specifically removed by addition of anti-IgG antibodies. The data presented indicate that the humoral factor in sera from patients with breast and lung cancer is antitumor antibodies of IgG nature. PMID- 7013973 TI - 'Non-specific' binding of lac repressor of E. coli to a carcinogen-modified DNA. AB - The 'non-specific' binding of lac repressor to a N-hydroxyaminofluorene (N-OH-AF) modified DNA was studied using circular dichroism. The binding process was not altered by the modification of the DNA. A small increase of the binding constant was observed. These results are discussed with respect to the role of carcinogen modification in the protein-nucleic acid recognition phenomena. PMID- 7013975 TI - Use of bacterial neutral protease for disaggregation of mouse tumours and multicellular tumor spheroids. AB - A bacterial neutral protease (from Bacillus Polymixa) has been used to disaggregate both solid mouse tumours and multicellular tumour spheroids. The cell yields obtained were much higher than those obtained using trypsin whilst the plating efficiency of the resultant single cells were comparable. The use of this neutral protease is simple, inexpensive and highly efficient. PMID- 7013974 TI - A method for rapid scoring of respiratory tumors in hamsters. AB - The larynx, trachea, and lung of Syrian golden hamsters treated with diethylnitrosamine were stained with modified Wright's stain and rendered semitransparent by a clearing technique. Areas of dense cell aggregation (tumors) were readily observable under a dissecting microscope. Tumor scoring at this subgross level correlated with subsequent microscopic evaluation, except that several tumors were found on the subgross level which would not have been observed during routine histologic procedures. The clearing method was used successfully to discern differences in tumor incidence in a dose-response study with diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7013976 TI - Comparison of doxorubicin with cycloleucine in the treatment of sarcomas. AB - In this patient series, doxorubicin and cycloleucine at a dose of 300 mg/kg both show response rates in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas of about 15%. Lower doses of cycloleucine (200 mg/kg) yielded less toxicity but were less effective against the sarcomas (6% response rate, three of 51 patients). There were no complete responses with cycloleucine and there were three with doxorubicin. Survival times for patients receiving doxorubicin were significantly longer than those of patients receiving cycloleucine at doses of 300 mg/kg (P less than 0.001) or 200 mg/kg (P = 0.02). The estimated survival times were 29 weeks for doxorubicin and 21 (300 mg/kg) and 18 (200 mg/kg) weeks for cycloleucine. Toxic effects due to cycloleucine were excessive, with severe thrombocytopenia and central nervous system depression being the most prominent. PMID- 7013977 TI - Doxorubicin, mitolactol (dibromodulcitol), and mitomycin C treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP). AB - Thirty-two patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy with combinations of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, vincristine, and prednisone were treated with doxorubicin, mitolactol (dibromodulcitol), and mitomycin C. Two complete and 12 partial remissions were observed for a response rate of 435. When only those patients who were considered evaluable were included (the 26 patients who had received more than one course of therapy), the response rate was 53%. Hematologic toxicity was moderate-to-severe. Responses were seen in visceral, osseous, and soft tissue tumor sites. The median time to the development of disease progression was 30 weeks for responding patients. The median survival of responders has not yet been reached at 48 weeks. PMID- 7013978 TI - Survival response of malignant gliomas to radiotherapy with or without BCNU or methyl-CCNU chemotherapy at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. AB - A total of 115 patients were randomly assigned to one of six therapeutic groups within 3 weeks from craniotomy as part of the Brain Tumor Study Group protocols. In category A (surgery without radiotherapy) there was no significant difference in survival between supportive care only and chemotherapy (BCNU or methyl-CCNU) groups. More than one half of patients in this category died within 6 months of surgery. In category B the addition of 6000 rad of whole-brain radiation treatment to the surgery increased survival time significantly: the 6-month survival rate was two to three times that observed in category A. More than 50% of patients were alive at 1 year and at least 20% survived 2 years. The best survival rate in this study was obtained in patients who received methyl-CCNU with irradiation. The duration of survival was increased to nearly two times that of the radiotherapy group and to six times that of the surgery only group. Reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7013979 TI - "High-dose" thymidine in clinical oncology. PMID- 7013980 TI - [Omentum as substrate for immunofluorescence detection of antinuclear antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7013983 TI - Changes in oxytocin content in the magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus following water deprivation or estrogen treatment. Quantitative immunohistological studies. AB - The effect of water deprivation or estrogen treatment on the oxytocin content of rat hypothalamic cells was examined using a quantitative immunohistological technique. Oxytocin-containing cells were visualized using the immunoperoxidase technique of Sternberg and a primary antiserum directed against oxytocin. The optical density of the darkest 3.2 micrometer diameter spot in the cytoplasm of a cell was used as a measure of the oxytocin content of that cell. Water deprivation produced a significant decrease in anti-oxytocin staining in the anterior commissural nucleus of males and females. There was a similar decrease in the paraventricular nucleus of males, but not in the paraventricular nucleus of females or the supraoptic nucleus of either males or females. Estrogen treatment of ovariectomized female rats produced a fall in anti-oxytocin staining in the anterior commissural, but not paraventricular or supraoptic nuclei. PMID- 7013981 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain and infundibulum of the sheep. AB - The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied in the brain and infundibulum (INF) or median eminence of sheep utilizing a peroxidase antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. This procedure utilized a specific antiserum generated against GnRH conjugated to bovine serum albumin. In the rostral INF, the greatest concentration of GnRH positive axons was found in the medial region, mostly in the external layer dorsal to the hypophysial portal plexus. In the intermediate portion of the INF, the hormone was mainly observed in the external layer at the more dorsolateral areas ventral to the tuberoinfundibular sulcus. GnRH was generally located medially in the caudal portion of the INF and dorsomedially in the rostral infundibular stalk. Substantial amounts of reaction product were also noted in the internal layer throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the INF. The hormone was localized in axons throughout the brain from the septal and medial preoptic areas to the mammillary bodies. GnRH-positive perikarya were scattered in various regions of the infundibular (arcuate) and for the first time in the ventromedial nuclei of sheep hypothalamus. Preabsorption of the specific antiserum with synthetic GnRH abolished staining in both axons and perikarya, whereas preabsorption with thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone did not affect staining intensity. PMID- 7013985 TI - Joseph Lister. PMID- 7013982 TI - Correlative ontogenetic development of catecholamine- and LHRH-containing nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat. AB - The ontogenetic development of catecholamine (CA)- and LHRH-containing nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat was investigated by combining fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the same tissue section. LHRH-terminals appeared earlier than CA-terminals and were already detectable in the lateral part of the external layer of the central ME on the first day after birth. CA-nerve endings were first seen in a corresponding region of the ME on the seventh postnatal day. At this stage both types of terminals showed the earliest manifestation of a correlative pattern of their distribution. Subsequently the development of both types of nerve endings proceeded rapidly, and at 14 days their distribution pattern corresponded to that in adult animals. The authors conclude that at this stage the CA-neurons play a constant and significant role in the release of LHRH into the portal capillaries. The correlation between both types of nerve endings and the ontogenetic development of the capillary plexuses of the hypophysial portal system is discussed. PMID- 7013984 TI - Immunohistochemical identification of T- and B-lymphocytes delineated by the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. III. Topographical and quantitative distribution of T- and B-cells in human palatine tonsils. AB - T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are identified in tissue sections of human tonsils by applying the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. The epithelium of the tonsils contains a majority of immunoglobulin-positive cells and fewer T lymphocytes. In the subepithelial zones, areas composed of B-cells predominate, however, regions containing T-lymphocytes are also present. The latter are mainly arranged in the lamina propria around high-endothelial venules and often include plasma cells containing immunoglobulin. Follicles containing germinal centres display a complex structure which changes during development. The lymphocytic cap consists of densely packed lymphocytes, labelled heavily by anti-IgM and anti IGD, and of individual T-lymphocytes. Germinal centres show a framework of immunoglobulin-positive dendritic reticular cells; they contain some heavily labelled lymphoid cells and several cells weakly labelled by anti-IgM and anti IgA, as well as a small number of T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, the total areas of T- and B-lymphocytes measured by planimetry may differ considerably between different tonsils. Especially total areas of germinal centres vary to a great extent. The quantitative data on amounts of T- and B-cells achieved by planimetry are comparable to those reported in cellular suspensions of tonsils. PMID- 7013986 TI - Termination of DNA replication in vitro at a sequence-specific replication terminus. AB - The replication terminus of the drug resistance factor R6K has been cloned into the plasmid vectors pBR313 and pBR322. When the exogenously added DNA is replicated in vitro using cell extracts prepared from Escherichia coli, the plasmid replication terminus temporarily arrests the progression of the unidirectionally moving replication fork at or near the cloned terminator sequence. When the relative location of the terminator sequence is changed with respect to the replication origin, the point of arrest of the replication fork shifts correspondingly to the new location of the terminator. Termination of replication takes place in vitro regardless of whether the cell extracts used in the in vitro reaction are prepared from E. coli with a resident terminus sequence containing plasmid. From these observations we conclude that the termination of replication in vitro is identical or very similar to that observed in vivo, membrane association is not necessary for the activity of the replication terminus and the terminus sequence does not code for a transacting factor necessary for termination of replication. Therefore, any transacting factor which may be needed for the termination of replication must be coded by the host chromosome. PMID- 7013987 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the lexA gene of E. coli. AB - Using a cloned fragment containing the lexA gene of E. coli, the entire nucleotide sequence of the lexA gene has been determined. The probable coding region of the lexA gene contains 606 nucleotide residues and encodes a single protein of 202 amino acids. The initiation site of in vitro transcription of the lexA messenger RNA has been determined by analysis of the 5' nucleotide sequence. Comparison of the DNA sequence of the promoter region of the lexA gene with that of the recA gene reveals the presence of sequences that are common to both. There is some similarity between the amino acid sequences of the lexA and the lambda repressor proteins. PMID- 7013988 TI - Biochemical studies of the human thymocyte cell-surface antigens T6, T9 and T10. AB - Three human thymic cell-surface antigens T6, T9 and T10, previously defined by monoclonal antibodies, were analyzed using immunoprecipitation techniques. The antigen T6 was found to be a 49,000 dalton glycoprotein, which is associated with beta 2-microglobulin, the small subunit (12,000 daltons) of the HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens. The target antigen for the monoclonal reagent anti-T9 was found to be a glycoprotein of 94,000 daltons, which appears as a disulfide-linked dimer of 190,000 daltons on the cell surface. The antigen precipitated by the anti-T10 antibody is a 45,000 dalton glycoprotein. We present preliminary evidence that all three cell-surface proteins may be integral membrane proteins. These findings, in addition to the distribution patterns, suggest that the T6 antigen is the human homolog of the murine thymus leukemia (TL) antigen. PMID- 7013989 TI - Elmer Ebert, 1899-1980. "He was such a good man". PMID- 7013991 TI - Contaminating endotoxin: a serious problem in immunological research. PMID- 7013990 TI - A macrophage surface component related to fibronectin is involved in the response to migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 7013992 TI - [Dental status in patients with kidney transplants and in a chronic intermittent dialysis program]. PMID- 7013993 TI - [Volume changes in alginate impressions as influenced by time factors and environmental changes]. PMID- 7013994 TI - [25th anniversary of the Stomatology Department at the Graduate Medical Institute]. PMID- 7013995 TI - [The significance of antibody determination in the diagnosis of pemphigus and pemphigoid in the oral cavity using the indirect immunofluorescence method]. PMID- 7013996 TI - Influence of cell crowding on toxicity of nitroheterocycles. AB - Cell density (no. of cells per unit area or volume) during drug treatment may play a role of considerable importance in the interpretation of drug toxicity experiments performed in vitro. Chinese hamster V-79 and mouse L-929 cells exposed to nitroheterocycles under aerobic conditions are considerably more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of these drugs when incubated at low cell density (10(2) cells/cm2 or 10(4) cells/ml) than at higher cell density (10(4) cells/cm2 or 10(6) cells/ml). This may be related to diffusion limitations when cells are in contact and to the ability of dense cell suspensions to inactivate drugs. In contrast, under anaerobic conditions, more toxicity is observed at high cell density than at low cell density, perhaps due to local effects of toxic metabolites. Toxicity appears to correlate with intracellular drug levels under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. PMID- 7013997 TI - Alcoholism among women. PMID- 7013998 TI - SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the D-[5-3H]glucose-binding membranes in rat islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7014000 TI - [Stenosis of the colon caused by chronic recurrent pancreatitis]. PMID- 7013999 TI - [Internal shunt therapy in the treatment of chronic recurrent pancreatitis. Personal experience]. AB - The Authors present a medium-term (2 years) followup of 8 out of 10 patients treated by pancreatojejunostomy. Good results were obtained in 100% of these cases, with a possibility of later failures if the patient continues to drink. The mere clinical assessment of such patients affords a sufficiently faithful reflection of the results of derivation procedures. PMID- 7014001 TI - [Etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical considerations on simultaneous bilateral carcinomas of the breast. II]. AB - In the first note the Authors have described five cases of bilateral simultaneous breast carcinoma. Now they shortly describe some opinions about the problems of the genetic independence between the two diseases. They draw attention about the histologic diagnosis and the identification of diseases underestimated and now explained as carcinoma "in situ" potentially fit for transformation in infiltrating cancer. For this reason it's important and justifiable to have the patients with cancer of the breast, a series of clinical research as well as mammography thermography and biopsy of controlateral breast in order to ascertain the presence of carcinoma "in situ" that could justify the prophylactic mastectomy. PMID- 7014002 TI - [Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas (clinical case)]. PMID- 7014003 TI - [The role of the Billroth I operation peptic ulcer surgery]. AB - The conviction is expressed that none of the operations today available for treatment of peptic ulcer is always effective for all types of patient; the surgeon must in fact be able to select and perform the operation most suitable for each case. In this connection the advantages and disadvantages of gastric resection according to Billroth's first method are considered. The fundamental stages of this operation are described in detail, with a critical analysis of the various pathological conditions in which its performance is indicated or, on the contrary, there is a precise contraindication. On the basis of the main parameters of judgment (follow-up, operating mortality, relapse rate, dumping syndromes and Visick's scale) obtained from personal experience and wide research on literature, a comparative evaluation is then made between Billroth I and other operations commonly used in treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer. In conclusion it is asserted that Billroth I is a technically good, physiological operation capable of ensuring immediate and long-term results not inferior to those of Billroth II and other operations; it therefore deserves to be considered among the methods of choice and more widely used. PMID- 7014004 TI - [Pancreatic scanning with electronic subtraction of the hepatic image in surgical diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 7014005 TI - [A case of primary hemangiopericytoma of the lung (considerations on follow-up of a case 12 years after surgery)]. PMID- 7014006 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of septic pseudarthrosis. Recent advances and technical details]. AB - We felt that it was both necessary and useful to complete what had been said and written on other occasions regarding our cases. This updating paper therefore contains the impressions arising out of expansion of our experience, some details of technique and above all a better designed therapeutic strategy that we feel will be more effective in solving the long-standing polymorphous problem of treatment of septic pseudoarthrosis. PMID- 7014007 TI - [Septic arthritis of the knee in adults. Treatment with closed irrigation drainage]. AB - The Authors report their experiences in Redon tube closed washing-drainage treatment of secondary septic arthritis in adults. This technique, used at an early stage as an alternative to needle drainage, does not require plaster immobilisation and has allowed a good residual function to be obtained. In case of absence of response to the treatment, it is considered inadvisable to persist; in such case the surgical approach with "functional treatment", and with or without combined synovectomy, is recommended. PMID- 7014008 TI - [Surgical treatment of subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 7014009 TI - [Preliminary note on the presence of antibodies to Ebola virus in the human population in the eastern part of the Central African Republic]. AB - The authors reported a preliminary serological survey on Ebola virus infection in Central African Republic. They have tested 499 sera samples by using indirect immunofluorescent technique. The positivity with Ebola antigen was 3,4% (17 cases). It has been found a high antibody titre (greater than or equal to 1/64) with 3 sera, which reflects a possible recent contact with Ebola virus. PMID- 7014010 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination in the diagnosis of bilharziasis. Comparison with indirect immunofluorescence in the study of 3624 human serums]. PMID- 7014011 TI - [Clinical trial of niclofolan (Bay 9015) in the treatment of human opisthorchiasis. Apropos of 51 cases]. AB - 51 refugees from South east Asia infected with Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis were included in a therapeutic study with Niclofolan (Bay 9015) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight given three times at intervals of 48 hours. Clinical and biological tolerance was carefully controlled and in all cases proved to be very good or excellent particularly in several patients with various haemoglobinopathies or erythrocytal enzymopathies (G-6-PD deficiency). Of the total of 51 cases, 17 were cured. These comprised mainly those with light or moderate infections (less than 10,000 eggs/gram stool). Treatment was, however, not effective in the more severe infections, even when repeated after an interval of 30 days. Between day 30 and 60 after treatment, only a transitory reduction of eggs/gram stool was observed, these values increasing again after day 90. Niclofolan did not reveal to be the ideal treatment of opisthorchiasis. Nevertheless its excellent tolerance should be pointed out which justifies its tentative application in light infections and above all its use in the treatment of paragonimiasis against which it appears to be one of the best drugs available at present. PMID- 7014012 TI - [Memories of ocular pathology now almost extinct]. PMID- 7014013 TI - [10 centuries of physiologic diplopia from al-Hazen to today (presentation of instruments)]. PMID- 7014015 TI - Bibliography on pathogens of medically important arthropods: 1980. PMID- 7014014 TI - [Use of the endothelial microscope in current ophthalmologic practice]. PMID- 7014016 TI - Energy metabolism of vascular smooth muscle and circulating vasoactive substances in hemorrhagic shock in the dog. PMID- 7014017 TI - Does sodium pentobarbital anesthesia compromise phagocytosis of E coli in vitro? AB - Recent reports have suggested that anesthesia may weaken host defense mechanisms during shock and depress the activities of circulating leukocytes. The purpose of this study was to assay the effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on glucose uptake and survival of leukocytes, and mortality of E coli organisms in vitro. In vitro experiments were performed on canine blood before and after the in vivo administration of anesthesia and the in vitro addition of E coli. Glucose uptake in vitro increased equally in blood obtained from either awake or anesthetized dogs following incubation with organisms. Live organism concentrations were similarly reduced before and after anesthesia during a two hour in vitro incubation period. Total neutrophil numbers fell equally after two hours of incubation with or without anesthesia, due to the presence of E coli. These data support the view that a surgical level of anesthesia is not deleterious to circulating phagocytes during E coli-induced shock. PMID- 7014018 TI - Hormonal and metabolic reactions evoked by acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7014019 TI - Role of the prostaglandin in norepinephrine release during augmented renal sympathetic nerve activity in the dog. AB - To determine the role of the prostaglandins on renal norepinephrine release, the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was examined in anesthetized dogs during reflex activation of the renal adrenergic nerves. Hypotension increased the renal vein plasma concentrations of norepinephrine from 380 +/- 59 to 608 +/- 106 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.01) and of PGE2 from 55 +/- 7 to 81 +/- 41 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). Subsequent administration of indomethacin or meclofenamate lowered the renal venous concentration of PGE2 to 26 +/- 3 pg/ml (P less than 0.01), had no significant effect on the norepinephrine concentration (620 +/- 89 pg/ml). Administration of indomethacin or meclofenamate to dogs with sodium depletion lowered renal venin plasma concentration of PGE2 from 108 +/- 40 to 20 +/- 3 pg/ml (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) but had no effect on the renal venous norepinephrine concentration (475 +/- 50 vs. 397 +/- 46 pg/ml). In dogs fed a normal salt diet, inflation of a balloon placed in the thoracic inferior vena cava lowered cardiac output and increased the renal venous concentrations of norepinephrine from 212 +/- 60 to 496 +/- 112 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) and of PGE2 from 28 +/- 5 to 96 +/- 18 pg/ml (P less than 0.01). Subsequent administration of indomethacin lowered the renal venous concentration of PGE2 to 16 +/- 5 pg/ml (P less than 0.01), but had no significant effect on the concentration of norepinephrine (548 +/- 91 pg/ml). During the three experimental conditions examined, renal blood flow was lowered by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. These results in the dog suggest that the attenuating effect that prostaglandins exert on the renal vascular action of the adrenergic nerves is not due to inhibition of norepinephrine release. PMID- 7014020 TI - Energy exchange in human skeletal muscle during isometric contraction. PMID- 7014021 TI - Cardiovascular responses to handgrip isometric exercise in patients following cardiac transplantation. AB - The effects of cardiac denervation on the hemodynamic responses to isometric handgrip contraction were studied in patients 1--5 years after allograft cardiac transplantation. The objective of these studies was to determine the role of cardioacceleration and myocardial contractility on the increase in systemic arterial pressure during isometric exercise. Initially, noninvasive measurement of brachial artery pressure and heart rate during 60 seconds of isometric exercise at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (50% MVC) were recorded in 23 cardiac transplant patients, 18 ischemic heart disease patients, and 15 healthy controls. While the increases in arterial pressure were not significantly different among the three groups and the heart rate response for the healthy controls and ischemic heart disease patients were similar, the transplant patient's heart rate remained essentially unchanged. In an attempt to determine the mechanisms for the increase in arterial pressure, despite any increase in heart rate in transplant patients, we recorded left ventricular volumes before and at the end of 50% MVC using fluoroscopy of tantalum midwall myocardial markers in seven cardiac transplant recipients and seven nontransplant cardiac surgery patients. The rise in arterial pressure during isometric exercise in both groups of patients resulted from a significant increase in peripheral vascular resistance but not in stroke volume or cardiac output. These data demonstrate that the rise in arterial pressure observed during isometric exercise can be achieved by increased peripheral vascular resistance alone in patients who lack the capacity to increase heart rate or stroke volume. PMID- 7014022 TI - Static (isometric) exercise. Retrospection and introspection. PMID- 7014023 TI - Muscle receptors with fine afferent fibers which may evoke circulatory reflexes. AB - The majority of afferent nerve fibers in mammalian skeletal muscle are thin myelinated (A delta or group III) and unmyelinated (C or group IV) afferents. Some 50% of these units appear to be responsible for the reception of noxious chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli, i.e., they are nociceptors. The other receptive units with fine afferent fibers presumably are activated by moderate innocuous stimuli such as light stretch, contractions, and light local touching. They possibly play a role in the circulatory and respiratory adjustments during exercise, i.e. they may be ergoreceptors. The data presently available suggest that the nociceptive as well as the ergoreceptive units are very heterogeneous groups with diverse receptive properties. The sensitivity of an individual unit may be restricted to the mechanical domain or to a single chemical substance, whereas other receptors respond to a great variety of chemical, mechanical, and probably thermal stimuli. Each receptor, however, seems to have a preferred susceptibility or "dominant sensitivity" to one or the other stimulus. This sensitivity may be modified by various factors, such as the local concentration of prostaglandins or serotonin. The concept of different types of fine afferent units is supported by preliminary ultrastructural findings showing a great structural diversity both in regard to the localization and the structural design of the receptive endings of these afferents. PMID- 7014024 TI - Similarities and dissimilarities between static and dynamic exercise. PMID- 7014025 TI - Factors determining the blood pressure responses to isometric exercise. PMID- 7014027 TI - The end-systolic pressure-volume relation of the ventricle: definition, modifications and clinical use. PMID- 7014026 TI - Coronary-prone behavior and coronary heart disease: a critical review. The review panel on coronary-prone behavior and coronary heart disease. AB - A panel of biomedical and behavioral scientists were charged with the task of critically evaluating all available research and theory linking behavior to coronary heart disease. The task was divided into five topic areas: (1) association of coronary-prone behavior and coronary heart disease; (2) assessment of the "type A" behavior pattern; (3) physiologic mechanisms linking behavior to coronary heart disease; (4) cultural and developmental factors; and (5) intervention strategies. The review panels developed summary statements which delineated the perceived strengths and short-comings of the theory and data for their respective sections and provided recommendations to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute concerning future research. PMID- 7014028 TI - Digoxin sensitivity in amyloid cardiomyopathy. AB - Digoxin (5 mg/ml) was added to 10-mg and 20-mg pellets of purified primary and secondary amyloid fibrils, a normal human liver and heart homogenate and a homogenate from the heart of a patient with amyloid cardiomyopathy who had not received digitalis. After centrifugation, the supernatants were recovered and assayed for digoxin concentrations. Aliquots from the sediments were studied for the presence of digoxin, using rabbits antidigoxin antiserum and an indirect immunofluorescent technique. The results showed that 0.11--0.13 ng/ml of digoxin bound per milligram of fibrils and could not be separated by repeated washings. Elution with citrate or changes in the pH of the buffer. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated diffusely bright immunofluorescence with the fibril preparation and amyloid heart homogenate when reacted with digoxin and digoxin specific antiserum. These studies demonstrate that isolated amyloid fibrils bind digoxin and suggest that this interaction may play some role in the sensitivity to digitalis that has been observed in some patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7014029 TI - Implications of findings in the coronary drug project for secondary prevention trials in coronary heart disease. The coronary; drug project research group. PMID- 7014030 TI - A homogeneous fluorescent immunoassay for human immunoglobulin M. AB - We describe a homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for human IgM. In this competitive-binding method we use a fluorogenic substrate for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, N-(6-aminohexyl)-7-beta-galactosyl-coumarin 3-carboxamide, which is covalently coupled to IgM. The fluorescence emission intensity of the labeled IgM at 450 nm (with excitation at 400 nm) is negligible, but when beta-galactosidase is added, the acetal linkage of the galactosyl moiety is hydrolyzed and the product has a greatly enhanced fluorescence. Formation of this fluorescent product is inhibited when antibody specific for IgM is bound to the labeled protein. In competitive-binding reactions, IgM from the serum competes with the labeled IgM for antibody binding sites and consequently the fluorescence produced by the enzymic reaction is related to the IgM concentration. The working range of the assay is between 0.5 and 5.0 g of IgM per liter when a 50-fold predilution of the sera is used. The assay does not cross react significantly with immunoglobulins G or A. PMID- 7014031 TI - CLIS, a clinical laboratory information system designed to optimize microcomputer operation. PMID- 7014032 TI - Accuracy of some routine method used in clinical chemistry as judged by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. AB - Serum from patients was pooled, filtered, dispensed, and frozen. This pooled specimen was used for accuracy control in 64 participating laboratories in Sweden. Mean values ("state-of-the-art" values) were obtained for creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, urea, uric acid, and cortisol. These values were compared with values obtained with highly accurate reference methods based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. Differences were marked in the case of determination of creatinine and cortisol. Concerning the other components, the differences between the state-of-the-art value and the values obtained with the reference methods were negligible. Moreover, the glucose oxidase and the oxime methods for determination of glucose and urea were found to give significantly lower values than the hexokinase and urease methods, respectively. We conclude that methods with a higher degree of accuracy are required for routine determination of creatinine and cortisol. PMID- 7014033 TI - Continuous-flow enzyme immunoassay for thyroxine in serum. AB - We have evaluated a fully automated thyroxine assay involving the use of a homogeneous enzyme assay and a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II continuous flow system. Comparison by regression analysis with a thyroxine radioimmunoassay kit method gave a slope of 0.82 and a y-intercept of 7.81 micrograms/L (SE 0.86 microgram/L, r = 0.95). Within-run precision yielded CVs of 1.0-6.1%, between-day CVs were 2.0 14.4%; within-day precision showed a mean variance of 7.81 micrograms/L. Mean analytical recovery was 96.1%. Bilirubin, hemoglobin, and lipemia interfered with quantitation of results when their concentrations exceeded 50 mg/L, 300 mg/L, and 5 g/L, respectively. The reference interval for euthyroid status was calculated to be 50-110 micrograms/L. Sensitivity was 5.0 micrograms/L with a mean carryover of 1.65%. Current reagent and labor costs for enzyme immunoassay ($0.40) were less than for the manual radioimmunoassay procedure ($0.40) were less than for the manual radioimmunoassay procedure ($1.70). The assay is economical, simple to perform, and amenable to high-throughput thyroid screening in the routine laboratory. PMID- 7014035 TI - Serum quinidine concentrations as measured by direct fluorometry, double extraction fluorometry, and enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7014034 TI - Metabolite interference in homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of phenytoin. PMID- 7014036 TI - Gel filtration profile of plasma active and inactive renin in normals and patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - The molecular weight of plasma renin from healthy subjects and patients with nephrotic syndrome, in whom we previously reported that plasma inactive renin was increased, was studied by gel filtration. Activation was performed by acid treatment. The plasma from healthy subjects contains a low molecular weight from of renin (40 000) and a high molecular weight form which can be separated into two peaks of 52 000 and 60 000. After acid activation, renin activity was increased in the high molecular form but not significantly in the low molecular form. Although the increase of renin activity in the high molecular weight form after acid activation was larger in patients with nephrotic syndrome, the gel filtration profile was similar to that of healthy subjects. PMID- 7014037 TI - Diagnosis of variants of hyperphenylalaninemia by determination of pterins in urine. AB - Assessment of urinary pterins is proposed as a rapid method for recognition of the variants of hyperphenylalaninemia. This is achieved by means of oxidation of pterins by iodine in acidic and alkaline solutions and then by high performance liquid chromatography on a cation-exchange column with fluorimetric detection. In biopterin-synthetase deficiency, only neopterin accumulated; in dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency and in phenylketonuria, high levels of pterins are found, but BH4 levels, absent in the former and high in the latter, allow a differential diagnosis. Phenylalanine loads in the controls also lead to increased elimination of pterins, but with a pattern different from that found in phenylketonuria. This method can be used before dietary treatment and thus can be proposed for all newly detected hyperphenylalaninemic babies. PMID- 7014038 TI - Galactose and galactose-1-phosphate spot test for galactosemia screening. AB - A simple spot test to measure galactose and galactose-1-phosphate in blood impregnated filter paper was studied as a screening test for galactosemia in the newborn. A 3-mm disc punched from blood-impregnated filter paper card was fixed with acetone-methanol and incubated in a reaction mixture containing galactose dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. This reaction mixture was then spotted on DEAE-cellulose paper, dried, and observed under a UV-lamp. The minimum amount of galactose detected by this procedure was 2 mg/dl. Estimation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate with this procedure correlated well with estimation by bacterial assay. PMID- 7014039 TI - Post-proline-cleaving enzyme in normal and dystrophic human muscle. PMID- 7014040 TI - Urinary prostaglandins following frusemide treatment and salt depletion in normal subjects and subjects with diabetic hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism. AB - Urinary immunoreactive PGA and PGE, plasma and urinary aldosterone, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined in eleven control subjects and four patients with diabetic hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism (HH) before and during 4 days of sodium chloride restriction and frusemide administration. Aldosterone and PRA increased steadily in control subjects, but not in patients with HH. Increases in urinary PGA and PGE were observed during volume depletion. The basal levels and increases observed were comparable in both groups. The apparently normal stimulation of PGA and PGE in subjects with diabetic HH suggests that this syndrome is not associated with abnormal prostaglandin metabolism, despite the fact that drug-induced abnormalities of the latter may precipitate or aggravate the clinical syndrome in susceptible individuals. The increase in PGA and PGE following frusemide treatment and salt depletion supports the possibility of a relationship between renal prostaglandin metabolism, frusemide-induced natriuresis and/or renin secretion. While the nature of this relationship remains obscure, the increases in PGA and PGE in the absence of increases in renin angiotensin levels in subjects with HH suggests that these changes are not due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7014041 TI - Metabolic aspects of the calorigenic effect of thyroid hormone in mammals. AB - The increased BMR in hyperthyroidism may be accounted for by the use of chemical energy for metabolic processes and work. Major contributors are the heart work and futile cycling of FFA into triglyceride in adipose tissue, whereas gluconeogenesis in liver and the maintenance of sodium and potassium concentration gradients across the plasma membranes are unlikely to play any significant role. Information on the use of energy for protein turnover and urea production is lacking. The rate of oxygen uptake is not increased in the brain, spleen and testis. The main metabolic fuel seems to be free fatty acid. The mechanism which enables the hyperthyroid tissue to maintain normal concentrations of ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate, (Pi) despite an increased turnover of energy rich phosphates, is not fully elucidated. However, ultimately the increased rate of oxygen uptake in hyperthyroidism seems to rely upon an increased capacity for the transport of cytosolic ADP and Pi into mitochondria. The transport capacity is increased by an increased area of the mitochondrial membrane per g tissue and by a change in the kinetics of translocation of substrates for oxidative phosphorylation. Other transport processes across the mitochondrial membrane are also changed by hyperthyroidism, e.g. long chain fatty acid transport via carnitine acyl transferase, and oxaloacetate transport via substrate shuttles. PMID- 7014042 TI - The effect of increasing doses of ingested glucose on insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentrations in man. AB - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is insulinotropic in vivo and in vitro. It is released following glucose ingestion and is a leading candidate as a mediator of the enteroinsular axis. To investigate the GIP response to increasing amounts of oral glucose, and its relationship to glucose levels and insulin secretion, fourteen normal volunteers ingested 25, 50 and 75 g of glucose at random with 5-7 days between each test. Serum insulin, glucose and GIP concentrations were measured and total integrated incremental responses were determined. Peak mean responses to glucose, insulin and GIP occurred at 30 min following each glucose ingestion. There were no significant differences in glucose concentrations at any interval with the varying glucose doses. Mean peripheral insulin concentrations were significantly increased after 50 or 75 g of glucose as compared with the 25 g dose (P less than 0.02). Mean GIP concentrations were significantly greater (P less than 0.03) between 15 and 180 min with both the 50 and 75 g glucose stimulus. Total integrated areas under the response curves for glucose, insulin and GIP showed a graded increase in circulating insulin and GIP (P less than 0.01) as the amount of ingested glucose was increased from 25 to 75 g. These findings show that increasing doses of glucose stimulated greater levels of GIP and insulin and further support the insulinotropic properties of endogenous GIP in man. PMID- 7014043 TI - Combined captopril and spironolactone treatment in Conn's syndrome with renal impairment and refractory hypertension. AB - Spironolactone alone in full dosage failed to correct hypertension in a patient with Conn's syndrome and renal impairment, although the previously increased total exchangeable sodium fell to normal and the previously suppressed plasma angiotensin II did not rise above the normal range. Addition of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reduced plasma angiotensin II to very low levels, with a slight further fall in exchangeable sodium. Blood pressure was well controlled. Because hypertension in Conn's syndrome resistant to spironolactone usually also responds poorly to removal of the adenoma, and is difficult to treat with conventional hypotensive agents, the combination of a converting enzyme inhibitor with a potassium conserving diuretic is worthy of trial in such cases. PMID- 7014044 TI - Androgen replacement with oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men: a double blind controlled study. AB - The effects of androgen withdrawal and replacement were investigated in six hypergonadotrophic and six hypogonadotrophic men with hypogonadism. A double blind cross-over design was used comparing testosterone undecanoate (T.U., Organon International), 160 mg daily by mouth, with placebo. There was a significant effect of T.U. on all measures of sexual interest and behaviour. Sexual interest increased within the first week of T.U. administration, ejaculation usually returning within the second week. Behavioural responses were similar in the hyper- and hypogonadotrophic groups. The rise in plasma testosterone during T.U. administration was modest, not reaching the normal range in several cases. 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone rose more substantially. There was a significant fall in sex hormone binding globulin, a rise in oestradiol and no significant change in gonadotrophin concentrations during T.U. administration. PMID- 7014045 TI - Gout and pseudogout: crystal-induced arthropathies. PMID- 7014046 TI - Diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7014047 TI - Gerontology: collagen disease. PMID- 7014048 TI - Basic gerontology. PMID- 7014050 TI - Detection of Fc-receptor-bearing human lymphocytes. The majority of Tmu cells carry HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 7014049 TI - Endocrine changes in the newborn period. PMID- 7014051 TI - Antibody-mediated injury to proximal tubules in the rat kidney induced by passive transfer of homologous anti-brush border serum. PMID- 7014052 TI - A model of in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat employing cationized ferritin. AB - In the model described here the ability of cationized (basic) ferritin to bind to the glomerular basement membrane and act as a planted antigen was exploited. This planted antigen was accessible to circulating antibody resulting in in situ immune complex formation. Perfusion of cationized ferritin (isoelectric point greater than 9.5) directly into the renal arteries, followed by intravenous injection of anti-ferritin antibody resulted in induction of glomerulonephritis with heavy proteinuria lasting for about 3 weeks. Fine granular deposition of antigen, antibody and rat C3 along the glomerular capillary walls was seen by immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of subepithelial deposits containing ferritin; the foot processes were fused. This demonstrates the potential role of basic antigens in the pathogenesis of in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7014054 TI - The effect of physical training on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 7014053 TI - Mineralocorticoids in the nephrotic syndrome of children. AB - Free aldosterone, the aldosterone precursor 18-OH-corticosterone, and 18-OH deoxycorticosterone as well as the aldosterone metabolites 18-glucuronide and tetrahydroaldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in the urine of 24 children with the nephrotic syndrome. In addition renin activity, aldosterone and corticosterone were measured in plasma. All children with manifest edema showed increased values of one or more of the measured aldosterone parameters indicating hyperaldosteronism. In non-edematous patients one or more parameters were increased in 9 of 16 patients. Free aldosterone, tetrahydroaldosterone and 18-OH corticosterone proved to be the most sensitive urinary parameters for the detection of increased mineralocorticoid function. Free urinary aldosterone was correlated with sodium excretion and with serum albumin. The pathogenesis of hyperaldosteronism in the nephrotic syndrome and its role in the development of edema are discussed. PMID- 7014055 TI - Peripheral renin activity before and after furosemide in normotensives and hypertensives. PMID- 7014056 TI - Procedures in current practice. The Classic: On the writing of scientific papers. PMID- 7014057 TI - Development of chick limb bud chondrocytes in cell culture: morphologic and oxidative metabolic observations. AB - For the purpose of describing early chondrogenic metabolic and structural events, measurements were made of oxidative and other enzymatic activities at various stages in the morphologic development of chondrocytes over a period of 18 to 20 days in continuous cell culture. Comparisons were also made between cells grown in 20% O2 and in 35% O2. These cultures exhibited rapid confluence (within 24 hours), early development of cartilaginous nodules by Day 2 to 3 and metachromatic staining of the chondrocyte matrix by Day 3 to 4. Under 35% O2, cell sheets were thicker and there was increased pleomorphism of chondrocyte and fibroblast cell types, with a relative increase of fibroblast components and reduction in chondroblasts and chondrocyte aggregates. Using the von Kossa staining procedure, calcium salt deposition was observed by Day 9. There was no apparent difference in mineralization of cultures grown under the low and high O2 tensions. Under normoxic conditions cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities increased rapidly for the first three to four days and then remained essentially constant. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased continuously over the life of the culture. Acid phosphatase increased rapidly until about Day 13 after which it remained constant, whereas alkaline phosphatase showed a bimodal activity profile. Under hyperoxic conditions, cytochrome oxidase, MDH and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly inhibited. LDH and acid phosphatase activities were markedly inhibited initially but with time showed a degree of recovery. PMID- 7014058 TI - Thromboembolism after surgical treatment of hip fractures. AB - Seventy-five patients ages 40 to 95 (average, 78), 60 of whom were women and 15 men, were admitted with upper femoral fractures and participated in a study designed to evaluate the possible prophylactic effects of platelet-inhibiting drugs on the incidence of thromboembolism. Aspirin, 600 mg, b.i.d., or a combination of the above doses of aspirin and hydroxychloroquine, 300 mg, b.i.d., were used from the time of admission. The study was prospective, consecutive except for a few exclusions, double-blind and randomized. Standard surgical treatment was given by three orthopedists. Venography by the 11th day was the endpoint, although daily examinations and early impedance plethysmography were also used. Twenty-five patients received placebos, 24 aspirin alone and 26 aspirin and Plaquenil. In the control group, 15 of 25 (60%) developed thrombosis and two had nonfatal pulmonary emboli. With aspirin, six of 24 (25%) had thrombosis and one a fatal embolus. In the combination group seven of 26 (27%) developed thrombosis and there were no emboli. No significant difference existed between treatment groups, but there was significant difference between the control and treatment group at the 2% level by the Yates chi2 test. Treated women received significant protection against thromboses (p less than 0.02); 13 of 20 untreated women had deep thromboses versus 12 of 40 in the treated women. Aspirin prophylaxis is significantly useful in fractured hip patients. The combination of aspirin and Plaquenil offers no additional benefit and only leads to complications from hematomas. PMID- 7014059 TI - Bone metastases studied in experimental animals. PMID- 7014060 TI - Symposium: Tribute to Joseph Trueta. PMID- 7014061 TI - Perthes' disease: a concept of pathogenesis. PMID- 7014062 TI - Precept and counsels on scientific investigation: stimulants of the spirit. Chapter VI. Social environment favorable to scientific work. Santiago Ramon y Cajal. PMID- 7014064 TI - Joseph Trueta 1897--1977. PMID- 7014063 TI - Catabolin--a cartilage catabolic factor from synovium. AB - Resorption of cartilage matrix is usually considered to be due to extrinsic proteases, generally thought to be the neutral metalloproteases, including collagenase. Such enzymes can be secreted from synovial tissue and in acute forms of arthritis they are believed to be the main agents of pannus erosion. However, such enzyme secretion has not been clearly demonstrated to be the causative agent in either rheumatoid arthritis or in osteoarthritis. For example, no specific inhibitors of these proteinases have yet been proved effective in vivo. Recent experiments at the Strangeways Research Laboratory have demonstrated that viable chondrocytes of animal and human articular cartilage are capable of resorbing their surrounding matrix without the aid of extrinsic enzymes. We now know that such resorption can be stimulated by the action of a low molecular weight peptide released from living synovial and other connective tissues. These messengers (catabolins) are capable of stimulating chondrocytes to degrade totally both proteoglycan and collagen. The purification, properties, regulation and action of catabolism are under investigation to determine the role for catabolin in arthritis. PMID- 7014065 TI - The contribution of the intervertebral disk to the scoliotic deformity. AB - We have put forward a number of questions about the role of the intervertebral disk in idiopathic scoliosis which are based on experimental evidence and current connective tissue research. It is regrettable that the last two decades have not seen a single major advance in the treatment of scoliosis based on a scientific understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of curve progression. The efficacy of early detection and surgical techniques cannot be denied but orthopedic surgery is not relieved of the responsibility of pursuing the causation and pathogenesis of scoliotic curvature. Spinal fusion for scoliosis cuts across the fundamental principle of orthopedic surgery--the preservation of musculoskeletal function--a maximum which Trueta enunciated so strongly through his surgical lifetime. Clearly, a sacrifice of spinal mobility is not a final acceptable solution to the malady. PMID- 7014069 TI - Septicemia in childhood malignancy. Analysis of 101 consecutive episodes. AB - One hundred one consecutive episodes of blood-culture-positive infection were evaluated in 83 children with malignancy between 1972 and 1977. Eighty-two per cent occurred in relapse, and 75% developed when the absolute neutrophil count was less than 500 per microliters. Forty per cent were fatal. Forty-five per cent of the episodes occurring in relapse and 17% occurring in remission were fatal. Of 88 cases of single-organism infection, 46% were due to gram-positive organisms with a 13% mortality (of these, 28% were due to Staphylococcus aureus with a 4% mortality); 52% were due to gram-negative organisms with a 52% mortality; and two episodes were due to fungal organisms with no fatalities. Multiple-organism infection occurred 13 times, of which 11 episodes were fatal. The authors' data confirm observations by others that the organisms most commonly causing blood culture-positive infection in children with malignancy are S. aureus and Escherichia coli and that infection due to gram-positive organisms, particularly S. aureus, is less than frequency fatal. PMID- 7014067 TI - Open fractures of the tibia. AB - The authors call attention to the work of Trueta on open fractures and to the fact that, even today, his principles are followed all over the world. Today, such fractures are immobilized with external skeletal fixation instead of plaster casts. The results are presented of 71 patients with severe open fractures of the tibia who were treated by external skeletal fixation. In three patients, in whom infection developed, the fractures united after cancellous bone grafting. Reference is made to some recent experiments on the fat of bone cells transplanted into infected cavities. PMID- 7014068 TI - Demonstration of severe celiac axis stenosis on a dynamic study. PMID- 7014066 TI - The classic: the treatment of war fractures by the closed method. J. Trueta, M.D. PMID- 7014070 TI - Fatal childhood pulmonary aspergillosis from contact with pigeons. PMID- 7014071 TI - Rapid glucose disappearance in infants with infection. AB - Altered carbohydrate metabolism has been reported during episodes of neonatal infection. To document that there is more rapid glucose disappearance during infection, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and serial plasma growth hormone and insulin levels were determined in eight full-term neonates during the first three days of an acute episode of infection and during convalescence, 5 to 15 days later. Eight healthy infants were each studied once using the same study protocol. Glucose disappearance rates, measured as K1 of glucose, were increased (p less than 0.01) during both the acute septic period (3.7 +/- 0.3% disappearance/min; mean +/- S.E.M.) and convalescent period (2.5 +/- 0.2% min) when compared with values in control infants (1.3 +/- 0.3%/min). Gram-negative, gram-positive, and viral infections were all associated with rapid glucose disposal. The abnormality in carbohydrate homeostasis persisted for at least 5 to 15 days after treatment was begun. Baseline and stimulated (20-minutes post bolus glucose infusion) plasma insulin and growth hormone levels did not differ among the groups. Thus, there is no evidence that hyperinsulinism produced the rapid glucose disappeared rate and enhanced glucose utilization. The reason for the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in neonatal infections remains unknown. PMID- 7014073 TI - Doxpicomine in postoperative pain. AB - In a single-dose study the analgesic activity of 400 mg doxpicomine was compared with 4 and 8 mg morphine administered intramuscularly. Our subjects wee 43 men with moderate or severe postsurgical pain on the first postoperative day. Results of a double-blind trial indicate the analgesic activity of 400 mg intramuscular doxpicomine to be within the range of 8 mg morphine. There was no statistical significance between the effects of 400 mg doxpicomine and 8 mg morphine with the exception of half-hour data where doxpicomine was more effective than morphine. Doxpicomine has a rapid onset of analgesic action, the duration of which is equivalent to that of 8 mg morphine. PMID- 7014072 TI - Effects of captopril on blood pressure, electrolytes, and certain hormones in hypertension. AB - Short-term hypertensive and hormonal effects of captopril were studied in 26 hypertensive patients. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded in subjects in the supine position 1 hr before and 3 hr after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg. Urinary, plasma electrolytes, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone (PA) were determined before and after the test. It was verified, in a preliminary investigation involving 5 patients, that a placebo did not alter the measured parameters. Captopril decreased mean arterial pressure (mean ABP +/- SD) from 128 +/- 2.5 to 108.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001); the maximum decrease was between 30 and 180 min. No changes in heart rate or plasma electrolytes were noted. PRA increased after captopril from 2.29 +/- 0.96 to 3.13 +/- 1.25 and to 4.11 +/- 1.87 at 1 hr and 3 hr (p less than 0.05). There was a correlation between PRA in standing subjects before captopril and decrease in mean ABP (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). The best correlation was between the decrease in mean ABP and the maximum increase in PRA after captopril (r = 0.69). A good correlation was found between mean ABP and PRA 3 hr after captopril (r = 0.62). Correlation coefficients between decrease in mean ABP and either precaptopril PA or decrease in PA were not significant. In 14 patients, captopril (5.1 +/- 0.61 mg/kg/day) for 4 mo induced the same decrease in mean ABP that was observed during the test. After short- and long-term captopril, mean ABP correlated (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). PMID- 7014074 TI - Microsurgery in China. PMID- 7014076 TI - The deoxyuridine suppression test: a review of its clinical and research applications. PMID- 7014075 TI - The treatment of fractures involving the frontobasal region. AB - The treatment of frontobasal fractures has been reported with special reference to involvement of the upper paranasal sinuses. The importance of primary reconstruction of nasal, orbital, and cranial cavities by bone grafts after thorough debridement is stressed. PMID- 7014077 TI - Current literature on medical toxicology. PMID- 7014078 TI - A dynamic random dot stereogram-based system for strabismus and amblyopia screening of infants and young children. PMID- 7014079 TI - The entry of microbiology into clinical medicine. PMID- 7014080 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: a new disease but an old phenomenon. PMID- 7014081 TI - The legacy of Connecticut surgery: case histories revisited. PMID- 7014082 TI - What's cooking at chez Selleck? PMID- 7014083 TI - Experimental and clinical aspects of proteinuria. Introduction. PMID- 7014084 TI - Proteinuria in nonrenal infectious diseases. PMID- 7014085 TI - Renal protein handling in normal, hypertensive and diabetic man. PMID- 7014086 TI - Studies of uterine blood flow in the pregnant rabbit. PMID- 7014087 TI - The uteroplacental renin-angiotensin system in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. PMID- 7014088 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy: a biopsy study with long-term follow-up. PMID- 7014089 TI - Anesthetic implications in hepatic transplantation. PMID- 7014090 TI - Medical evaluation of the patient with liver disease prior to surgery. AB - Patients with liver disease have increased morbidity and mortality following general anesthesia and surgery when compared with the general population. The increase in mortality appears to be directly related to the severity of hepatic parenchymal cell failure and to the magnitude and duration of the surgical procedure. The importance of preoperative detection of subclinical liver disease by use of a variety of blood tests has been emphasized. However, with the exception of hepatitis B and non-A non-B hepatitis, a precise diagnosis of the exact cause of liver disease is usually less important to the anesthesiologist than is a full characterization of the severity of hepatic dysfunction. Recognition and understanding of the central metabolic role played by the liver in maintaining carbohydrate, fat, and protein homeostasis can help in predicting and managing abnormalities which may complicate the preoperative, interoperative, and postoperative periods. Liver failure after anesthesia and surgery is treated by the same management principles used for liver failure with acute hepatitis. The incidence of postoperative renal failure may be increased in patients who have severe hyperbilirubinemia and its occurrence should be differentiated from the hepatorenal syndrome. It should be understood that complications of portal hypertension may develop in the absence of overt hepatic parenchymal cell failure and that liver failure may occur without gross evidence of portal hypertension. Either situation must be recognized and treated as far in advance of surgery as possible. In general, elective surgery in the patient with liver disease should be delayed until consequences of hepatic parenchymal cell dysfunction and portal hypertension are optimally corrected. PMID- 7014091 TI - Hepatic blood flow alterations during anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 7014092 TI - Drug therapy in patients with liver disease. PMID- 7014093 TI - Anesthesia and biliary atresia. PMID- 7014094 TI - Anesthesia risk factors in patients with liver disease. PMID- 7014095 TI - Metal electrodes in bioengineering. AB - The metal electrode is the critical interface between a measuring or stimulating device and the entity to be measured or stimulated. Electricity flows through wires by electron flow. It flows through tissue or fluid by ion flow. To produce an ion from an electron, a chemical reaction is necessary. This reaction occurs within a micron of the metal surface. It is a different reaction for an anode than for a cathode. It usually depends much more strongly on the metal chosen for the electrode than on the fluid or tissue electrolyte in which the electrode is immersed. In all cases, the reaction pair is strongly dependent on the quiescent voltage level of the system and on the magnitude of the voltage excursions around that level. This presentation will attempt to discuss the above points from the viewpoint of the researcher/designer who must use such metal electrodes to make practical measurements or who must connect practical stimulating devices to biophysical systems. The interdisciplinary field we will be discussing is "biophysical electrochemistry", and careful examination of each of these four component fields is necessary. PMID- 7014096 TI - Permanent percutaneous devices. AB - A percutaneous device (PD) constitutes a foreign material penetrating through the skin. It provides a connection between an internal organ or cavity and an extracorporeal device. PDs serving a multitude of clinical and research purposes are described. Breakdown of the PD-skin interface relatively soon after implantation is the failure mode of all present devices. Using the pertinent literature the present understanding of the pathophysiology of PD-skin interface behavior is discussed: the peculiarity of epidermal healing, lack of biomaterials compatible to epidermis, and mechanical stresses at the interface, each independently and in combinations are considered causative to this failure. Clinical reports on various permanent PDs are presented and ongoing research efforts at various centers are discussed. PMID- 7014097 TI - Bioengineering analysis of head and spine injuries. PMID- 7014098 TI - Effects of endotracheal suction versus apnea during interruption of intermittent or continuous positive pressure ventilation. AB - The hypoxemia, elevated vascular pressure, and cardiac arrhythmias occurring during endotracheal suction may be related both to suction and the interruption of ventilation during suction. Although effects of suction vs. apnea have been compared in healthy patients, interruption of ventilation for purely investigational purposes precludes such a study in critically ill patients. Thus, in the present study, cardiovascular and blood gas changes attendant to endotracheal suction or equivalent periods of apnea were compared in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs in acute respiratory failure induced by oleic acid. Suction of 45-sec duration during interruption of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was associated with decreases in PaO2, pH, and heart rate and increases in PaCO2, cardiac output, pulmonary arterial and systemic arterial pressure. These changes were not different from those observed during interruption of ventilation (apnea) alone. Cardiovascular and blood gas changes were also similar when suction and apnea were compared during interruption of continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV). Neither apnea nor suction was associated with cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7014099 TI - Phenytoin for brain resuscitation after cardiac arrest: an uncontrolled clinical trial. AB - Nine of 10 adults, previously healthy patients who suffered cardiac arrest during or after anesthesia, recovered nearly complete neurological function when given iv phenytoin, 7 mg/kg. Phenytoin was given only after spontaneous heart beat and systolic blood pressure greater than 100 mm Hg had been restored and the diagnosis of neurological deficit had been established on the basis of unconsciousness, dilated and areflexic pupils as well as rigid and /or decerebrated posture. One patient recovered only partially, and eventually succumbed to other complications. PMID- 7014100 TI - Differential lung ventilation with a modified ventilator. AB - To achieve synchronized differential pulmonary ventilation, an Ohio 560 ventilator was modified through separation of the outputs of the deep breath bellows and the tidal volume bellows and providing independent volume, flow rate, PEEP, oxygen-humidification, and alarm systems. The described ventilator modification is simple, inexpensive, and does not alter the performance characteristics of the original unmodified ventilator. Differential lung ventilation may be more easily achieved with this modified ventilator than with the simultaneous use of two ventilators or external electronic synchronizers. PMID- 7014102 TI - Computed tomography of the esophagus. AB - CT is a rapid, accurate, and safe imaging modality for evaluating patients with esophageal disease. Thoracoabdominal CT has its greatest value in staging patients with esophageal carcinoma. In the noncachectic patient CT clearly shows the presence of periesophageal spread of the patient's tumor and identifies the presence of intraabdominal node or hepatic metastasis. For the surgeon it represents a noninvasive manner of outlining the extent of disease and will help to determine whether a palliative or curative resection should be attempted. Furthermore CT accurately outlines the extent of disease in both the thorax and the abdomen for planning radiation therapy. CT is also useful in differentiating between carcinoma and benign chronic hypertrophic reflux esophagitis with stricture when endoscopic and radiographic findings are inconclusive. PMID- 7014101 TI - Dobutamine in the rejecting transplanted heart. AB - Dopamine is commonly used to improve cardiac output and to maintain peripheral perfusion after myocardial injury. It has several advantages over other catecholamines. At effective inotropic dose levels, dopamine produces less peripheral vasoconstriction than norepinephrine. Dopamine also causes fewer arrhythmias than isoproterenol. This is a case report of a heart transplant patient who began rejecting and developed heart failure. In addition to the immunosuppressive agents, dopamine was used initially as the vasopressor with marked deterioration in the patient's condition. Dobutamine, a new inotropic agent, was substituted for dopamine with subsequent improvement in cardiac function. The authors concluded that dobutamine may be the most appropriate agent to use in the rejecting transplanted heart because of the former's direct action on the heart. Dobutamine may also be preferred for support of the cardiac outputs of patients with chronic heart failure. PMID- 7014103 TI - Ultrasonography of prosthetic cardiac valves. AB - Although many cases of prosthetic valve malfunction have appeared in the literature, statistically significant reports of the noninvasive diagnosis of valve malfunction are few. Metal-and-plastic mitral valves may be evaluated by a combined echocardiographic and phonocardiographic approach. Analysis of the A2 MVO interval seems to provide the most amount of information; supportive data useful in identifying the cause of valve malfunction come from phonocardiographic murmur and echocardiographic wall motion analysis. Additional cases of valve dysfunction will be detected if spectral analysis and cinefluoroscopy are also used. Suspected cases of mitral prosthetic malfunction must always be differentiated from left ventricular dysfunction; this may require invasive study. There is no evidence that two-dimensional echocardiography has any use in the analysis of metal-and-plastic mitral valves. There is no evidence that any noninvasive technique, particularly echocardiography, can consistently detect metal-and-plastic aortic prosthesis malfunction, especially of the tilting-disc type of valve. Noninvasive evaluation of tissue heterograft valves in the mitral and aortic positions require combined M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic study. Morphologic and functional alteration in these valves can be detected. Most importantly, accurate analysis of any particular valve requires an understanding of the individual clinical setting. PMID- 7014104 TI - Double-blind trial of amineptine and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 62 depressed patients to compare the clinical efficacy and acceptability of amineptine and clomipramine. Patients were allocated at random to one or other of two treatment groups and received daily doses of amineptine ranging from 100 to 300 mg (mean 180 mg) or of clomipramine ranging from 50 to 150 mg (mean 84 mg) over a period of 6 weeks. Global assessment of response to treatment and Hamilton Rating Scale scores, assessed before and after 1,3 and 6 weeks of treatment, indicated that the two drugs appeared to be equally effective and no differences between them could be demonstrated in the analysis of the individual items or grouped items of the scale used. Measurements of ocular tone showed that there was significantly less risk of amineptine producing an increase in tone, and blood pressure and electrocardiographic investigations also underlined the greater cardiovascular tolerance of amineptine. Five (16%) of the 32 patients in the clomipramine group were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. PMID- 7014106 TI - Haemorheology and cerebrovascular disease: multifunctional approach with pentoxifylline. AB - New aspects in the pathophysiology of chronic cerebral ischaemia as the cause of the multiform syndromes of cerebrovascular disorders are reviewed and therapeutic approaches are discussed. It is suggested that the fatal vicious circles of the disturbances of nutritive blood flow within the decompensated cerebral microcirculation can by interrupted by pentoxifylline. By amelioration of the disturbed flow properties of blood in the affected capillary regions through inhibition of red cell and platelet aggregation, improvement of red cell deformability and reduction in blood viscosity, oxygen supply is enhanced and more glucose is made available. Membrane permeability and function of the cell are normalized by the favourable inhibitory action of pentoxifylline on oedematous changes in the brain tissue and mechanical obstacles in the micro circulation are removed. The disturbed cerebral metabolism is directly stimulated by compensation of the impaired energetic balance. The combined rheological, antioedematous and metabolic effects of pentoxifylline offer a multifunctional therapy of cerebrovascular circulatory disorders. PMID- 7014105 TI - Comparison of the antihypertensive activities of xipamide and chlorthalidone: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. AB - The effectiveness of a new potent diuretic, xipamide, was evaluated in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The effects of daily doses of 40 mg xipamide were compared with those of 100 mg chlorthalidone with respect to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, using a double-blind crossover design. Patients received each drug for 6 weeks, the order of treatments being at random and the periods being separated by a 'washout' period of 7 days. The results showed that xipamide was as effective as chlorthalidone in controlling blood pressure, both in the upright and supine positions, and when administered after chlorthalidone produced a further reduction. No such further reduction occurred when chlorthalidone was given after xipamide. Serum electrolyte changes induced by the two diuretics were comparable. Both drugs were well tolerated and caused few side-effects. PMID- 7014107 TI - The biochemical basis of renal osteodystrophy and post-menopausal osteoporosis: a view from the vitamin D system. AB - The vitamin D endocrine system is now known to play an essential role in the regulation of plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations and in overall organismal calcium economy. These two basic functions of the vitamin D endocrine system have provided important new insight into several disease states. The two disease states discussed here are the genesis of renal osteodystrophy and of post menopausal osteoporosis. It seems likely that defects of alternations in the vitamin D system play important roles in the development of these disease states. Successful treatment undoubtedly will involve the vitamin D system and most likely the active form of vitamin D, 1,25- (OH)2D3. PMID- 7014108 TI - The role of vitamin D metabolites in the osteomalacia of renal disease. AB - Osteomalacia is commonly found in patients with severe renal impairment. Its aetiology is multifactional and not simply due to deficient production of active metabolites of vitamin D. Decreased availability of calcium and phosphate and the accumulation of aluminium is some dialysis-treated patients are also important aetiological factors. The treatment of osteomalacia depends, in part, upon its accurate diagnosis, and identifying and reversing the underlying cause. PMID- 7014109 TI - Comparative psychopharmacology. AB - Studies of the effects of psychoactive drugs and neurotransmitters on the behavior of invertebrates and poikilothermic vertebrates are reviewed. Dangers of reductive explanations are pointed out. Results and suggestions are given concerning the use of poikilothermic animals (1) in the development of screening tests, (2) in experiments on the action mechanisms of psychopharmaca, and (3) in the use of psychoactive drugs in the study of the mechanisms of animal behavior. PMID- 7014111 TI - The antidepressant effect of lithium. PMID- 7014110 TI - Nicotine and smoking. PMID- 7014112 TI - Behavioral effects of opiates: a pharmacogenetic analysis. AB - A number of studies are reviewed in relation to a pharmacogenetic approach to the effect of opiates. The behavioral effects of morphine and heroin in different species or strains of animals are considered. In particular, a number of behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical correlates of the opiates in different inbred strains of mice are cited. Recent studies concerning the effects of opiates on behavior have utilized the C57BL/6J and the DBA/2J strains, which are characterized by different brain levels and turnover of cholinergic and adrenergic mediators. It has been shown that the effects of opiates on running activity and on analgesia are strain-dependent, and a negative correlation is evident between the two measures in the strains considered. Experiments carried out on mice with septal lesions and on normal mice have confirmed that the motor and analgesic effects of morphine in the mouse are two distinct phenomena, which may be explained through different neurophysiological and biochemical models. Differences between the strains considered have also been observed when the ECoG response to morphine administration has been investigated. The results of these experiments have suggested: 1. The existence of a correlation between behavioral activation and sleep-like ECoG patterns. 2. The existence of a similarity between the effects of the anticholinergic drugs and those of morphine, since a dissociation between ECoG and behavior became evident following morphine administration. Some studies have also suggested that the environmental factors play an important role in determining the stimulating effects of morphine. This effect was absent in "experience" mice (i.e., in subjects already tested in the apparatus), as compared with naive "inexperienced" animals. PMID- 7014113 TI - Anticonvulsant drugs, behavior, and cognitive abilities. AB - The literature concerning the relationship of anticonvulsant drugs to disturbances of behavior and cognitive abilities has been reviewed. It is indicated that although completed studies are sparse and although many of the techniques currently used for evaluating the effects os such drugs on patients are inadequate, certain conclusions may be drawn. With regard to the effects on cognitive abilities, the drugs not only impair performance on psychological tests, but some drugs--particularly phenytoin--are associated with a progressive decline of intellectual abilities, which is often insidious and unrecognized. There is little systematic evidence to indicate which anticonvulsant drugs have adverse effects on behavior, but several studies have indicated improvements in behavior associated with carbamazepine and sulthiame. The possible reasons why anticonvulsant drugs should have those effects are discussed, and particularly the relationship of the drugs to abnormal folic acid and monoamine and metabolism are highlighted. PMID- 7014115 TI - The use of selection and counterselection in microcell-mediated transfer of dominant genetic markers. PMID- 7014116 TI - [Effect of krill feeding on the animal organism]. PMID- 7014114 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in surgical patients. PMID- 7014117 TI - [Simple device for preparing serial sections from nondecalcified rodent teeth]. PMID- 7014119 TI - [Intraosseous implants made of ceramic materials]. PMID- 7014120 TI - Comparison of intravenous and inhaled terbutaline in the treatment of asthma. AB - In a double-blind crossover controlled study, intravenous (IV) or nebulized terbutaline was given to eight patients with moderately severe asthma on two separate days. Four incremental doses of terbutaline were given by each route to establish a maximal effect. Both routes of administration produced significant increases increases in FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MEF50% single-breath TLC, and effective pulmonary blood flow. A decrease in slope of alveolar argon plateau was observed with both routes, but helium responsiveness showed variable changes with no significant or consistent effect seen. There was no significant difference between responses to incremental doses and maximal response apart from pulse rate, which rose during IV treatment. These results showed that the IV route had no advantage in terms of effectiveness or site of action over the inhaled route. Since IV treatment can produce systemic side effects, inhaled bronchodilator therapy should be used as the route of choice. PMID- 7014122 TI - Sampling lower respiratory tract secretions in primary lung abscess: a comparison of the accuracy of four methods. AB - To determine the relative cultural accuracy of transtracheal aspiration (TTA), wire-brushing under direct vision through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (WBB), and expectorated sputum (ES) in localized pulmonary infections, we compared each method with percutaneous needle lung aspiration (PLA) cultures in patients with peripheral lung abscesses. Of the 27 organisms that PLA cultures isolated from ten lung abscesses (eight aerobic, two anaerobic), TTA identified 81 percent plus an additional five, and WBB 68 percent plus 16. Of the 14 organisms that PLA cultures isolated from eight aerobic abscesses, TTA identified 93 percent plus an additional two, WBB 83 percent plus 12, and ES 71 percent plus 19. From a laboratory standpoint, we concluded the following: (1) when PLA cultures cannot be obtained, the most accurate method for determining the cause of a localized pulmonary infection is TTA generates false-negative and false positive information, it may not be an appropriate standard to evaluate other methods, such as ES. PMID- 7014123 TI - Direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. AB - Over a 2 1/2 year period, 61 clinical specimens from 41 patients with pneumonia of uncertain etiology were evaluated for the presence of Legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 to 4) by immunofluorescent antibody techniques. In 13 of 19 patients with Legionnaires' disease, the diagnosis was established by fluorescent antibody (FA) staining of lung biopsies, pleural fluids, or respiratory tract secretions. In the 19 patients with Legionnaires' disease, the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of L pneumophila by in vitro culture techniques in five or by measurement of serum antibody titers in 17. Although the FA staining technique was of limited sensitivity (68 percent), it was highly specific: no patients with non-Legionnaires' pneumonia had a false-positive fluorescent stain. In addition, the FA staining of lung tissue was positive only when performed during the first nine days of antimicrobial therapy and when an acute bronchopneumonia was noted histologically. In cases of a nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, FA stain was always negative, and the diagnosis could be confirmed only by serum antibody measurements. Tests for serogroups 1 to 4 with a polyvalent conjugate showed that L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was the predominant strain detected in pneumonia of uncertain etiology in the Detroit area. PMID- 7014124 TI - Fungal pneumonias; pulmonary coccidioidal syndromes (Part I). Primary and progressive primary coccidioidal pneumonias -- diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations. PMID- 7014121 TI - Adverse effect of propranolol on airway function in nonasthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Bronchomotor tone is, in part, under beta-adrenergic control, and beta-adrenergic agonists are commonly used in the therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol is contraindicated in asthmatic patients, yet little is known of its effect in patients with COPD. We studied 13 patients with COPD in a random-entry, double-blind crossover comparison of oral propranolol, 40 mg, and oral placebo on separate day. Pulmonary function worsened after administration of propranolol. Significant differences were present between the drugs' effect on heart rate, airway resistance, specific resistance, and flow rates at one hour, and persisting through four hours (p less than 0.01). Propranolol may have a deleterious effect on pulmonary function in nonasthmatic COPD. We conclude that when propranolol is to be used in patients with COPD, the short- and long-term effects on airway should be measured sequentially. PMID- 7014126 TI - IPPB, SMI, gloves: good or bad? PMID- 7014125 TI - Retrograde embolization of a detached polyethylene catheter. AB - The increasing use of intravenous polyethylene catheters has led to a growing incidence of accidental breakage of catheters and migration to the heart. In this communication, we describe a patient in whom the broken fragment of catheter migrated retrogradely from the subclavian vein to the inferior vena cava and left iliac vein. The possible mechanism for such retrograde migration is postulated. PMID- 7014127 TI - Legionnaires' disease following cardiac transplantation. AB - The first two cases of Legionnaires' disease in heart transplant patients are reported. Of interest in these cases were culture of the organism from sputum, diagnosis by percutaneous lung aspiration, bronchopleural fistula formation in the first case, which was then successfully treated with multiple-tube thoracostomies, early cavitation of lesions in both cases after the start of antibiotic therapy, positive direct fluorescent antibody staining from transtracheal aspirate 42 days after starting appropriate antibiotic therapy in the first case, apparent superiority of intravenous erythromycin therapy in the first case, and survival of both patients. Our laboratory isolated and identified the organism in both cases. PMID- 7014128 TI - Bacterial elimination and therapeutic effectiveness under different schedules of amoxicillin administration. AB - Bacterial elimination kinetics under different simulated administration schedules of amoxicillin was followed in vitro by using a simple model for simulation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The results were compared to those obtained in lethally infected mice by determining the viable bacterial count in the blood at various times post-infection and under different schedules of amoxicillin administration. A satisfactory correlation could be established between the in vitro and in vivo results. Multiple administration of amoxicillin was found to induce a beta-lactamase in vitro as well as in vivo in the Escherichia coli strain used. No difference was however found between the various administration schedules of amoxicillin in terms of surviving animals. Taking into account the lasting elimination of viable bacteria from the blood, the best treatment of E. coli-infected mice was found to be a twice daily administration of the higher amoxicillin dose. PMID- 7014130 TI - Experimental spina bifida and associated malformations. AB - Seven litters and 17 near-term rats of mothers treated with teratogens during gestation were analyzed for concordance and discordance of congenital malformations of the central nervous system. In animals with spina bifida a firm association with Arnold-Chiari malformation was found but only in fetuses near term. Associations with aqueduct stenosis and hydrocephalus were poor. In general, the findings support the theory that the components of the spina bifida complex develop from a common teratogenic disturbance but independent from each other. PMID- 7014129 TI - Study of the efficacy of compound Go.9333 (Ciba-Geigy) in hookworm infestation. AB - 50 cases with hookworm infestation were studied to find out the species of the parasite, 25 of them were included for a double-blind trial of compound Go.9333 (Ciba-Geigy)/placebo. Results of the study revealed predominance of Necator americanus (96%) in and around Pondicherry, South India. Compound Go.9333 was found to very effective in the treatment of hookworm infestation. Side effects were minor and were not of much significance. The drug was well accepted and tolerated by most of the cases. On the basis of the present study, compound Go.9333 can be recommended for the treatment of hookworm infestation. PMID- 7014131 TI - Interfascicular nerve grafting of peripheral nerve lesions in childhood. AB - Interfascicular cable grafting with autologous sural nerve was carried out in 43 peripheral nerve lesions among 37 children aged 5--16 years. The follow-up study included neurophysiologically proved regeneration. The results seem superior to those obtained with the conventional technique. The technique is advocated for use in children with nerve gaps of more than 2--2.5 cm. PMID- 7014132 TI - [Sophrology or the "science of the harmonious spirit"]. PMID- 7014133 TI - [Music that heals]. PMID- 7014134 TI - [Retention by clasps: 2 Choice of support of teeth and type of clasps used]. PMID- 7014135 TI - [Pedodontics and sophrology]. PMID- 7014136 TI - [Plasma catecholamines, insulin and glucose in the postoperative phase. Cause and duration of the post-stress syndrome after abdominal surgery]. AB - Plasma catecholamine, insulin secretion, and serum glucose levels were measured to determine the extent and duration of the postaggression syndrome following major abdominal surgery: 1. There was a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine and norepinephrine) during the first postoperative week. -2. Glucose dependent insulin secretion remained elevated for more than 6 days following major abdominal surgery. -3. Postoperative glucose assimilation was reduced for more than 1 week. -4. There is a negative correlation between plasma catecholamine levels and reduced insulin secretion following the administration of glucose in the postoperative phase. -5. Inhibition of insulin secretion should be included in the therapeutic considerations for the first postoperative week in all patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. PMID- 7014137 TI - [Louis Michon, 1892-1973]. PMID- 7014138 TI - [Reflections on today's science]. PMID- 7014139 TI - In situ binding of AT-rich repetitive DNA to the centromeric heterochromatin in polytene chromosomes of chironomids. AB - Native highly repetitive DNA sequences have been allowed to react in situ with DNA-depleted polytene chromosomes of chironomids in cytological preparations. The double-stranded DNA can bind specifically to the centromeric heterochromatin, where these sequences have been localized previously by in situ hybridization. Various control experiments support the conception that heterochromatin-specific DNA-binding proteins are involved in the in situ binding. PMID- 7014140 TI - Nuclear morphology of yeast under thymidylate starvation. AB - During early meiotic development the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a characteristic nuclear dense body (NDB). It is shown that the NDB can also be induced in vegetatively growing cells through the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase which causes depletion of the dTMP pool and arrests DNA synthesis. The observations on NDBs and recombination levels suggest that thymidylate-stressed cells may activate parts of the meiotic pathway and, conversely, cells on sporulation medium may sense, among other things, reduced thymidylate levels and respond to the several stimuli by entering the meiotic pathway. PMID- 7014141 TI - [Preliminary results in assaying serum parietal cell antibodies in 310 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014142 TI - [Review: extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of bacillary dysentery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014143 TI - [The diagnostic value of slide culture in urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014144 TI - [The treatment of massive hemorrhage following rupture of esophageal and gastric fundic veins complicating cirrhosis of liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014146 TI - [Reticulum cell sarcoma of stomach: report of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014145 TI - [Report on two outbreaks of type B botulism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014147 TI - [Some problems in the treatment of liver injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014148 TI - [Percutaneous needle biopsy of kidney after transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014149 TI - [Lung transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014150 TI - Posterior transsphincteric approach for surgery of the rectum: the Bevan operation. AB - This report presents the history and technique of, and some clinical experience with, the posterior transsphincteric approach for surgery of the rectum. On the basis of an extensive historical review, it is suggested that the procedure be called the Bevan operation. The method deserves a definite place in the armamentarium of the rectal surgeon, especially in the management of villous tumors. PMID- 7014151 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Lectures on diseases of the rectum, part III: preternatural contraction of the sphincter ani, B. C. Brodie. PMID- 7014152 TI - Metabolic bone disease: osteoporosis and osteomalacia. PMID- 7014153 TI - Rejected human corneal grafts. I. Clinical study. AB - As introduction to a light- and electron-microscopial examination of rejected human corneal grafts a summary is given of the clinical signs of rejection. It is extremely important to recognize these signs in time and to initiate the correct therapy. Most failures in corneal transplantation are due to rejection. Rejection reactions are often not recognized early enough. The differential diagnosis is difficult because so many factors can trigger off a rejection. As the diagnosis is so often missed it is a good thing to consider the clinical picture of graft rejection once more. Maumenee: 'most ophthalmologists do not recognize the signs of early graft failure and usually do not refer the patient back for therapy until considerable oedema has developed from endothelial destruction' (1962). In the cases with a good prognosis the rejection percentage is plus or minus 12%; in vascularized corneas and complicated corneal transplantations as high as 75% (Polack, 1977). PMID- 7014155 TI - The histology of iatrogenic keratitis bullosa. PMID- 7014154 TI - Rejected human corneal grafts. II. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Six rejected human corneal grafts out of a group of 40 'bad-risk corneas' were systematically studied by light and electron microscopy. Remarkable fine structural similarities in this sample of corneas were observed. Granulocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells are common in all rejected grafts. Furthermore, the epithelial and endothelial linings and the stroma reveal the characteristic alterations. The observations indicate an immunological reaction of the recipient to the donor corneas. PMID- 7014156 TI - [Model of the secondary structure of eukaryotic ribosomal 18 S rRNA]. PMID- 7014157 TI - [Cloning of the fish (Oncorhynchus keta) insulin gene in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7014158 TI - [Quaternary structure of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase]. PMID- 7014159 TI - [Significance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma: results obtained by immunofluorescence assay (author's transl)]. AB - Deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is of diagnostic and therapeutic importance in acute leukaemia and malignant lymphoma. Previous methods for determining TdT activity by biochemical assay are complex and require the use of radioactive substances. There now is available a specific antibody for immunofluorescent demonstration of TdT. The two methods were compared on samples from 43 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. There was very good agreement. High TdT activity was found in 12 of 14 patients with acute lymphatic leukemia and in one of two with acute undifferentiated leukaemia. TdT activity was absent with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphatic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low malignancy. Immunofluorescence assay, although its results are of similar significance to that obtained with the biochemical tests, is simpler to do. Furthermore, it can be done on normal bone-marrow smear or lymph-node preparations and can be correlated with the morphological findings. PMID- 7014160 TI - [Investigations on experimental Salmonella-elimination in broiler chickens by substitution of the intestinal flora (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014162 TI - [Wallowing behavior of sows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014161 TI - [A new model for integral measuring of wound healing processes in small laboratory animals, tested with ozonized olive oil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014163 TI - [Cow-houses as a provision for economic cattle-keeping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014164 TI - [Bilateral atrioventricular valve endocarditis in a cow as metastasis of reticuloperitonitis caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 7014165 TI - [Field observations on epizootiology and prophylaxis of the egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS 76) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014167 TI - [The importance of the Damiatta dairy cows for the increase of milk production in Egypt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014166 TI - [Influence of milk feeding techniques on the health status of newborn calves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014168 TI - [The first veterinarian doctorand in Finland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014169 TI - [Multiple malformations in the head of a calf]. PMID- 7014170 TI - Pharmacology and therapeutic use of calcitonin. AB - Calcitonin is a peptide hormone secreted by the C-cells of the thyroid gland. A major physiological function of the hormone appears to be the protection of the skeleton against resorption in humans. It thus opposes the resorptive actions of parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. This action is utilised pharmacologically in order to treat diseases where increased bone resorption is a major component. The efficacy of calcitonin in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone is well established, especially as it is currently the most effective agent in the treatment of the osteolytic form of the disease. In other bone diseases where resorption of bone is a component it is likely to be worthy of a trial of therapy. There are also sound theoretical reasons why calcitonin may be of benefit in the treatment of certain osteoporoses, especially in combination with other agents. Most recent studies would seem to support his view. A disadvantage of calcitonin therapy is that the hormone has to be administered parenterally, although future developments may obviate this. It is, however, a form of retreatment which is free of any long term serious side effects, and calcitonin now has a definite place in the management of specific bone and calcium disorders. PMID- 7014172 TI - Current approaches in the medical treatment of oesophageal reflux. AB - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and its complications are a common clinical management problem. Medical treatment revolves around the use of physical and mechanical methods in prevent reflux, dieting and drug restriction, acid reduction, mechanical foam barriers, and drugs to increase lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and improve acid clearance. It is recommended that patients elevate the head of their bed at night, eliminate alcohol and smoking, and avoid food known to decrease LES pressure or irritate the oesophageal mucosa. Antacids are effective in the control of reflux symptoms in most patients with mild to moderate reflux oesophagitis. 'Gaviscon' is also effective but no better than antacids. The histamine H2 receptor blocker, cimetidine, alleviates symptoms and may also improve endoscopic and histological oesophagitis. Cimetidine and drugs which augment sphincter pressure (bethanechol, metoclopramide, domperidone and prostaglandins) may be helpful in treating patients with severe reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 7014173 TI - Control of long term antidiabetic therapy. PMID- 7014171 TI - Adverse effects of antidepressant drugs. Part 2: 'Second generation' antidepressants and rational decision making in antidepressant therapy. PMID- 7014175 TI - Potassium replacement: when is it necessary? PMID- 7014174 TI - Adverse effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. AB - In the last decade neurohormone replacement therapy with levodopa has revolutionised the treatment of Parkinson's disease. At the same time the use of amantadine and dopamine-like ergot drugs has developed, although there is still a place for anticholinergic drugs, not in use for a century. These advances have resulted in the availability of many different drugs to treat Parkinsonism with different pharmacological actions. It is now usually possible to control disability, at least in the initial stages of disease, although sometimes at the expense of frequent and disabling side effects. In most cases these result from the widespread distribution of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems inside and outside the brain and the non-selective action of therapeutic agents on these different systems. Despite the recent division of dopamine receptors into D1 and D2 classes, no selective dopamine-like antiparkinsonian drugs are known. The practical treatment of Parkinsonism depends on accurate knowledge of the side effects as well as therapeutic effects of many different drugs, and requires titration of individually determined dosages in different patients to achieve the optimum response. This is usually determined by dose-limiting side effects as well as by improvement. The possibility that the eventual development of response fluctuation and failure may result from the sustained use of large doses of dopamine-like drugs must be considered, and it is probably wise at present to give low rather than high doses of the agents. No presently available treatment appears to influence the natural progression of Parkinsonism. PMID- 7014177 TI - Peripheral reinnervation patterns and dorsal root ganglion topography in skin grafted frogs: a behavioral and histological examination. AB - Cutaneous respective fields for the first ventrolateral (VL1) and dorsomedial nerve trunks were mapped out behaviourally in normal and in skin-grafted Discoglossus pictus frogs. Ventrally directed wiping responses were obtained from stimulation of dorsally located belly skin grafts in all experimental animals. These misdirected responses were abolished completely by cutting either the dorsomedial nerve trunk or both the dorsomedial and the VL1 nerve trunks. The topography of cutaneous neurons of the dorsal root ganglion innervating dorsal skin areas was demonstrated by back-filling the dorsomedial nerve trunk with cobalt. In both normal and skin-grafted frogs, twice as many cobalt-filled neurons were observed in the dorsal half of the ganglion as in the ventral half although the absolute number of filled cells in different regions was the same in both groups. It was concluded that misdirected responses following skin rotation cannot be explained on the basis of a re-establishment of the original peripheral nerve connections. PMID- 7014178 TI - A biochemical and immunohistological study of S100 protein in developing rat cerebellum. AB - Specific immune sera, one directed against S100 protein and one against glial fibrillary acidic protein (both proteins are specific astrocytic markers in rat cerebellum), were used in immunohistological methods to follow the formation and maturation of astrocytes during the postnatal development of rat cerebellum. Throughout development, S100 protein is detected only in astrocytes. Immunofluorescent Golgi epithelial cells and other astrocytes are detected in the cerebellum of newborn rat, their number increases rapidly between birth and the 10th postnatal day and then more slowly until the end of the 3rd week. In contrast, the increase in S100 protein level, measured in cerebellar homogenates by radioimmunoassay, was small until the 10th postnatal day. The greater accumulation subsequently found corresponds to an increase in the content of each astrocyte during the process of maturation. PMID- 7014176 TI - The role of drugs in the treatment of obesity. PMID- 7014179 TI - [Serological diagnosis of pertussis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. PMID- 7014180 TI - Meshed skin grafts for reconstruction of the oral cavity. PMID- 7014181 TI - Suture materials and techniques. PMID- 7014182 TI - Basic skin closure. PMID- 7014183 TI - [Effect of metoclopramide (Cerucal) on postprandial gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - Postcibal provoked gastrooesophageal reflux of 14 patients with symptoms of reflux was reduced significantly by metoclopramide (Cerucal, 10 mg i. v. or p. o.) for a period of at least 4 hours. Especially metoclopramide was effective in patients with severe symptoms and on 2 patients with endoscopically evident oesophagitis. Metoclopramide was ineffective in 4 patients with slight symptoms whereby therapeutic ineffectiveness may result. PMID- 7014184 TI - [On acute gastritis (author's transl)]. AB - In reviewing the literature we discussed the problem, whether there is a correspondence between the morphological picture of acute gastritis and the clinical expression including a complex of symptoms "acute gastritis", which should better be called acute dyspepsia. There is no good accord.--The histological main features of acute gastritis are infiltration of mucosa by neutrophils and the leucodiapedesis. this acute gastritis is very seldom the cause of clinical symptoms of acute dyspepsia. Alcohol, spices or drugs may produce a "toxic damage" of the mucosa, but they do not cause an acute gastritis, just as little as some viral diseases or staphylococcal toxins. PMID- 7014185 TI - [Isolation of microorganisms from duodenal juice before and after stimulation and from bile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014186 TI - [New viewpoints on the management of removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7014187 TI - [Experimental studies and theoretical considerations of the casting of refinable nickel-chrome alloys]. PMID- 7014188 TI - [Status of national and international dental standards. 2. Standards for prosthetic materials]. PMID- 7014189 TI - [Secondary caries]. PMID- 7014190 TI - [Circadian rhythms in laboratory rats (general characteristics and endocrine aspects)]. AB - The authors present data on the circadian fluctuations of some important functional and biochemical indices in laboratory rats: motor activity, sleep, body temperature, intake of food and water, renal excretion, plasma proteins, glucose, electrolytes, non-organic phosphates and osmolality, hematocrit, corticotropin-releasing hormone (C-RH), adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma and adrenal corticosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), aplasma aldosterone, insulin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). They describe the participation of the central nervous system in the regulation of circadian rhythms of rats as they present the newest data on the participation of suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus and the sympathicus part of the vegetative nervous system. The significance of knowledge of circadian rhythms for correct interpretation of the obtained experimental data is explained. A mode of work by placing the rats at reverse regimen of lighting is presented. This gives a possibility that the results, obtained from the at night active types of rats, could be compared with those, obtained from the daily active laboratory animals and persons. PMID- 7014191 TI - [Biphasic peroxidase in the study of Fc receptors of leukemic lymphocytes]. AB - The authors examined Fc receptors of cytoplasmic membrane by means of a two-stage immunoperoxidase technique: at the first stage the immuno-gamma-globulins (IgG), labelled with peroxidase, were connected with the membrane receptors, but at the second stage the connection was stabilised by supplementation of homologous antigen. In healthy persons (20 volunteers) the percentage of lymphocytes, which carried membrane Fc receptors for IgG, were in the ranges of 25% and 42%. In leukemic lymphocytes, verified as B population by immunofluorescent technique, they found that over 95% of these lymphocytes carried membrane receptors for Fc of IgG (examined in 10 persons with chronic lympholeucosis). It could be concluded that the leukemic process does not involve Fc receptor structures in contrast to immunoglobulin receptors, which in these cases are altered considerably, having in mind the amount of the connected labelled IgG and the way od its location on the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7014192 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome and its electrophysiological study]. PMID- 7014193 TI - [A double blind trial : oxprenolol/diazepam (author's transl)]. AB - This double blind trial oxprenolol/diazepam has been realised after open comparative trials performed with three other drugs and involving about one hundred ambulatory patients. Anxiety, mainly of somatic kind, seems to be the most regularly sensitive symptom. Results are in some cases better than those obtained with bensodiazepines, but without their side effects: drowsiness, alcohol's interaction, etc.. Symptomatic changes were evaluated using the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, and statistical analysis of scores was performed. In this study no psychotic patient was included. In previous trials of beta-blockers the author pointed out some positives changes in anxious psychotics. PMID- 7014194 TI - Calcium deprivation enhances glucagon release in the presence of 2 ketoisocaproate. AB - The effect of calcium deprivation upon glucagon and insulin release was studied in the rat pancreas perfused in the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate (10 mM). Control perfusions were conducted in the presence of glucose (11.1 mM). In the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate, the decrease in the extracellular concentration of calcium provoked a dramatic, but reversible, enhancement of glucagon release. Such a secretory response was similar in pattern to that seen upon calcium omission in the presence of glucose. Bio-Gel P-30 chromatographic studies showed that only true glucagon (mol wt, 3500) was liberated in the pancreatic effluent during the period of calcium deprivation. On the other hand, the secretion of insulin induced by 2-ketoisocaproate was, like that elicited by glucose, markedly inhibited upon the decrease in extracellular calcium concentration (80% and 65% inhibition, respectively). The results are interpreted in support of the hypothesis that calcium may play an inhibitory role in the control of glucagon release. It is suggested that such a role is somehow linked to the metabolism of exogenous nutrients in the A2 cells. PMID- 7014195 TI - Portal vein blood insulin and glucagon are increased in experimental hyperthyroidism. AB - Decreased glucose tolerance in hyperthyroidism has been long recognized; however, the mechanism(s) responsible for altered carbohydrate metabolism have not been elucidated. Studies of insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism have been reported by several investigators; however, the results are not conclusive since hormone secretion has been reported as increased, normal, or decreased. Few investigations of glucagon secretion in hyperthyroidism have been described; thus, the role of the alpha cell hormone in the glucose intolerance associated with thyrotoxicosis has not been established. To clarify these matters, experimental hyperthyroidism was induced in male rats by injecting T4 ip for 9 days. On the 10th day, blood was collected from the portal vein for measurement of insulin and glucagon. Animals injected with T4 (500 microgram/kg . day) became clearly thyrotoxic as evidenced by elevated plasma T4 and T3 and diminished weight gain. Rats receiving 750 micrograms T4/kg demonstrated marked enhancement of pancreatic insulin and glucagon release as evidence by elevated portal vein hormone values. Plasma insulin and glucagon in T4-treated rats were substantially elevated regardless of whether the animals were fed or were fasted for 20 h before blood samples were obtained. Insulin and glucagon in vena cava blood were far lower than in the portal vein in both control and hyperthyroid rats, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. We believe that portal vein hormone concentrations more accurately reflect insulin and glucagon secretion than do peripheral blood levels because the hormones and partially degraded in the liver. It is postulated that elevated T4 stimulates the alpha cell to release excess amounts of glucagon, which enhances hepatic glucose output. The possible increase in hepatic glucose output plus insulin resistance, which is characteristic of hyperthyroidism, may account for a secondary rise in insulin release. PMID- 7014196 TI - The effect of insulin on net metabolism of glucose and amino acids by the bovine mammary gland. AB - Previous work has shown that insulin is necessary for lactation. In this study, the short term effects of insulin on the net metabolism of glucose and amino acids by the bovine mammary gland were examined in six experiments in lactating cows. To prevent insulin-induced hypoglycemia from masking the direct effects of insulin, glucose (50--75 g/h) was infused with insulin 12 U/h). The insulin plus glucose infusion (2 h) was followed by a 2-h infusion of glucose alone (75 g/h). Throughout the control and infusion periods, arterial and mammary venous blood samples were obtained to measure venoarterial concentration differences of glucose and amino acids across the mammary gland. During the insulin plus glucose infusion, insulin concentrations increased from basal values of 9 +/- 1 to 38 +/- 6 mu U/ml (mean +/- SE). During glucose infusion alone, the insulin concentration was 15 +/- 2 mu U/ml. Glucagon concentrations were not significantly altered by the treatments. The extraction of glucose by the mammary gland was not altered significantly by insulin, nor was the extraction altered during the infusion of glucose alone. During the infusion of insulin plus glucose and glucose alone, the extraction ratios [(A -- V)/A] of isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, aspartate, and valine were increased 10--20%. Thus, it appears that insulin does not influence glucose extraction and only moderately may enhance the extraction of some amino acids by the bovine mammary gland. PMID- 7014197 TI - Thulium binding to the pancreatic beta-cell membrane. AB - Radioactive thulium (171Tm) was used to probe cation-binding sites in the plasma membrane of beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets microdissected from noninbred ob/ob mice. Temporal studies revealed that 171Tm uptake was rapid, reaching isotopic equilibrium by 60 min. Analysis of the concentration dependence of 171Tm uptake revealed at least two components. At low 171Tm concentrations (0.003--0.18 micrometer), there was a saturable low capacity component, capable of accommodating less than 20 mumol/kg dry weight. At higher 171Tm concentrations (1.0--500 micrometers), a nonsaturable high capacity component capable of binding more than 100 mmol/kg dry weight was observed. 171Tm taken up at 0.18 micrometer exhibited a high degree of mobility. The uptake of 171Tm at this concentration was increased by incubation with chlorpromazine at concentrations known to increase the permeability of the beta-cell plasma membrane. At 0.18 micrometer, exposure to 20 mM D-glucose reduced 171Tm uptake compared with that in islets incubated in the absence of sugar or in the presence of sugars which lack stimulatory effects on insulin release. Such an effect was not observed at 125 micrometers, and none of the sugars influenced the 171Tm uptake of the exocrine pancreas. These data raise the possibility that cation-binding sites in the beta cell plasma membrane are of physiological significance in the regulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 7014198 TI - Estrogen receptor in rabbit ovaries and effects of antiestrogen on progesterone production. PMID- 7014199 TI - Impaired insulin release after exposure of pancreatic islets to autooxidizing dihydroxyfumarate. AB - Autooxidizing dihydroxyfumarate (DHF) is a known generator of superoxide anions and by hydroxyl free radicals. Isolated rat pancreatic islets were exposed for 5 min to 0.4 mg/ml DHF in an oxygenated buffer solution. As a result of this exposure, the islets exhibited a 60% reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin release. The presence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a metal chelator, during the exposure period protected the islets from the effects of autooxidizing DHF. This suggests that superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and, ultimately, hydroxyl free radicals play a role in the insulin inhibitory effects caused by DHF exposure. Glucose (5 mg/ml), but not galactose, was also capable of protecting islets from DHF. The effects of DHF exposure on isolated islets appear to be similar to those previously reported for alloxan and lend support to the concept that hydroxyl free radicals generated during the oxidation of certain compounds can alter endocrine cell function. PMID- 7014200 TI - The distribution and significance of the VIPergic system in man and other mammals. PMID- 7014201 TI - Decrease in blood glucose and release of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials by bombesin infusion in the dog. AB - Synthetic bombesin (100 ng/min) was infused under pentobarbital anesthesia in normal dogs and in insulin deprived depancreatized dogs 4 days after surgery. The release of gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (gut GLI) calculated as the difference between the values measured using cross-reacting antiserum and a so called pancreatic glucagon specific antiserum was markedly stimulated by bombesin infusion. Plasma glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) measured by pancreatic glucagon specific antiserum also showed a small increase, whereas plasma glucose decreased significantly with a transient rise in insulin. The plasma glucose level did not decrease in depancreatized dogs. Gut GLI response in the regional mesenteric vein to 5% glucose administered into the loop of the ileum was strongly augmented by bombesin infusion. It is concluded that (1) bombesin infusion decreased blood glucose level in normal dogs but not in depancreatized dogs. (2) Bombesin infusion markedly augmented the release of GLI from the intestine. (3) Bombesin also stimulated the release of glucagon which was probably of gastrointestinal origin. (4) Insulin release was stimulated transiently by bombesin infusion. Thus, a competition of gut GLI with glucagon at the glucagon receptor site may be an explanation of the reduction in blood glucose. PMID- 7014202 TI - Response of extrapancreatic glucagon to glycemic changes. AB - Since the secretion of pancreatic glucagon is largely influenced by changes in the blood glucose level, the response of extrapancreatic glucagon to glycemic changes was investigated in man and dogs. Neither insulin-induced hypoglycemia nor arginine infusion caused a rise in plasma glucagon in two patients with total pancreatectomy, but plasma glucagon increased transiently in one of the two patients after oral glucose load. Glucose-induced hyperglycemia did not alter plasma glucagon in the portal vein in a group of 4 depancreatized dogs. When blood glucose fell lower than 50 mg/100 ml after insulin infusion in a group of 7 depancreatized dogs, plasma glucagon in the portal vein did not increase significantly. The administration of 2-deoxyglucose did not cause any changes in plasma glucagon in the portal vein in a group of 5 pancreatectomized dogs. After the ligation of the hepatic artery, blood glucose decreased gradually in a group of 5 pancreatectomized dogs with portacaval shunt, but plasma glucagon in the vena cava was not altered significantly. It is concluded from the present study that regulation of extrapancreatic glucagon differs from that of pancreatic glucagon. PMID- 7014203 TI - Parallel dysfunctions of pancreatic A, B and PP cells in insulin dependent diabetes. AB - To test the possibility that insulitis might play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes, functions of 3 kinds of islet constituting cells (A, B and PP cells) were estimated by quantifying secretory responses of glucagon-, C-peptide-and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In insulin dependent diabetes, all 3 hormonal responses were severely impaired to the same extent. On the other hand, 3 islet cell functions were uniformly but less severely impaired in insulin independent diabetics without a diabetic family history. These results suggest that A, B, and PP cells of islet of Langerhans are evenly destroyed in parallel fashion at least in insulin dependent diabetes and in some insulin independent diabetes, suggesting insulitis as a possible cause of these types of diabetes. PMID- 7014205 TI - Distribution of VIP neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. PMID- 7014204 TI - Regulation of motilin secretion in the postprandial state in man. AB - The effect of various nutrients and hormones on motilin release was examined in normal volunteers and postvagotomy patients to investigate the mechanism of motilin secretion in the postprandial state. The ingestion of a mixed meal, protein and fat elevated the plasma motilin level, but the oral glucose load and arginine infusion lowered it. Although gastrin infusion showed no effect on the plasma motilin concentration, the infusion of insulin or glucagon inhibited motilin release in vivo. The patients, who underwent a selective or truncal vagotomy, also revealed a rise in plasma motilin after meal ingestion, suggesting that motilin could be released even in the absence of gastric acid and vagal stimulus. The perifusion experiments demonstrated that motilin release from human duodenal mucosa into the perfusate was stimulated markedly by low pH and 15 mM taurocholate, but not affected by the perifusion of 20 mM glucose, 20 mM arginine, 100 mU/l insulin or 30 nM glucagon. These results indicate that the motilin release induced by meal ingestion depend upon the balance of food components and that in normal subjects duodenal acidification, bile acid and unknown factors contained in the mixed meal may participate at least in part in postprandial motilin release. The inhibitory effect of glucose on motilin release may be attributable to a certain mediator mechanism which remains to be studied. PMID- 7014206 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in epithelial cells of the gut mucosa of an elasmobranchian cartilaginous fish, the ray. AB - As part of study of the phylogeny of VIP, it was observed that the colonic mucosa of the cartilaginous fish, Raja radiata and Raja clavata, contained numerous epithelial cells, obviously of closed type, displaying intense VIP immunoreactivity. Accordingly, high concentrations of VIP were found by radioimmunoassay. At the ultrastructural level, the VIP cells were characterized by the presence of highly electron dense secretory granules. The colonic mucosa of the ray may be a good source for the isolation of an early VIP. PMID- 7014207 TI - Characterization and distribution of molecular variants of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. PMID- 7014208 TI - Clinical and hormonal aspects of the watery diarrhea-hypokalemia-achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome due to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-producing tumor. AB - Three patients with the watery diarrhea-hypokalemia-achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome were studied. All had watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and hypercalcemia. Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels determined by radioimmunoassay were markedly elevated in these patients, indicating that they had VIP-producing tumors. Plasma VIP levels determined serially after the operation indicate that its determination is useful in estimating the effect of a treatment. As for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), two out of the three cases belonged to this category. Patient 1 had a brother with insulinoma, and in case 2, even though there was no family history, the autopsy revealed not only multiple tumors of the pancreas but also pituitary adenomas, chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, thyroid adenomas and adrenocortical adenomas. VIP and other hormones in the tumors as well as in the plasma were examined extensively in these cases. In case 1, VIP, gastrin and calcitonin were produced in the tumor and only plasma VIP levels were elevated. In case 2, with multiple tumors, tumor 1 produced VIP, glucagon pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin and calcitonin, and tumor 2, VIP, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone. In this case, plasma VIP, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon levels were elevated. In case 3, VIP and calcitonin were produced in the tumor, and plasma VIP and calcitonin levels were elevated. These results indicate that (1) VIP is a good tumor marker for the WDHA syndrome due to VIP-producing tumors; (2) patients with the WDHA syndrome are sometimes associated with MEN1; and (3) VIP producing tumors are multiple hormone-producing tumors, and VIP predominantly elevated in the plasma results in the WDHA syndrome, although other hormones such as pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and calcitonin are sometimes found to be elevated in plasma without contributing to the clinical features. PMID- 7014209 TI - Gastrointestinal actions of glucagon. PMID- 7014210 TI - Experiences in the insulin requirement of diabetics. AB - Using the artificial endocrine pancreas the insulin requirement of diabetics was determined on a standard diet during a fasting period of 12 hours or a 6-hour resting fasting period in the night. Values characteristic of the individual type of diabetes ranging from 507 mU/h to 1410 mU/h were found. The basal and the modulating insulin requirement were both determined. A considerable diurnal variation of the modulating insulin-requirement was demonstrated with the highest value in the morning and the lowest in the evening. In order to cover the basal insulin requirement the corresponding quantity of a very long acting insulin was given with supplements of short acting insulin 2--5 times during the day to obtain a continuous normoglycaemic state. This procedure proved to be optimal in the treatment of pregnant diabetics. PMID- 7014211 TI - Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors in amenorrheic women: a comprehensive study. PMID- 7014212 TI - [Caroli syndrome: the focal dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7014213 TI - Stereospecific transport carrier systems for L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan in relation to monoamine synthesis. PMID- 7014214 TI - Dopamine neurons of the retina: a simple method system for studying synaptic regulatory mechanisms. AB - In the essay we have described what we consider to be criteria for the selection of a simple mammalian model system for studying synaptic mechanisms and have shown how the dopamine-containing amacrine neuronal system of the rat retina fit these criteria. Thus, the retina contains a defined population of neurons which secrete dopamine. The neuronal activity of the dopamine-containing cells can be reproducibly controlled by the experimenter using a physiological stimulus, light. The neurons are activated by exposure to light and are relatively quiescient in the dark. We have described how this model system has been employed to study the regulation of dopamine synthesis in response to both short term and long term changes in neuronal activity. Short term exposure to light increases dopamine turnover and activates tyrosine hydroxylase, which is characterized by a decrease in the Km of the enzyme for the pteridine cofactor. After long term exposure to light the Km for the cofactor returns to the value found for animals in the dark, while the Vmax of the enzyme increases. The change of Vmax is the consequence of an increase in the specific activity of the enzyme. Evidence has also been presented illustrating the usefulness of the dopamine neuronal system of retina for studying postsynaptic mechanisms. Retina appears to contain only D 1 receptors, which are linked to adenylate cyclase. Since dopamine release in the retina can be experimentally manipulated by light, it may be possible to study the consequence of prolonged activation of receptors by dopamine on postsynaptic biochemistry. PMID- 7014215 TI - Plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone: effect of exercise and training. AB - The influence of endurance-training on hematocrit, plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone changes at rest and at the end of an exercise performed until exhaustion at a given and constant relative work-load (87% of maximal oxygen uptake) has been studied in four untrained subjects submitted to a 5-month training. At the end of this period, maximal oxygen uptake increased of 15.2% (p less than 0.01). Hematocrit at rest slightly rose after training, and if exercise constantly induced increases in hematocrit before (p less than 0.001) and after training (p less than 0.005), the per cent increase after training was lower than before (p less than 0.05). Comparison between the importance of weight loss and hematocrit variation showed that when untrained subjects become trained the variation of hematocrit after exercise becomes smaller while weight loss is more important (p less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (Aldo) and vasopressin (AVP) levels, compared to control values, displayed a significant increase after exercise before as well as after training. Control values remained unchanged after training for aldosterone and AVP, but were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) for PRA. This latter observation could be explained by the change in blood volume induced by exercise. PMID- 7014216 TI - The effect of a high calory diet on hormonal changes in young men during prolonged physical strain and sleep deprivation. AB - Major changes occur in the serum level of several hormones during 5 days of heavy and continuous physical activities, with less than a total of 2 h of sleep. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the importance of caloric deficiency, energy requirement being about 8,000-10,000 kcal/24 h. A comparison between well fed subjects and those with food deprivation revealed significantly higher levels of (T3) triiodothyronin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the well-fed subjects, who also had lower levels of growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol, whereas no difference was found between the two groups for thyroxin (T4). Increased levels were found for T3 and T4 in both groups during the first day of activity, with a concomitant decrease in TSH and a subsequent decrease of T4 during the next 2 days. T3 decreased only in the low-calory group whereas increased levels were found in the iso-calory group throughout the course. The resting levels of insulin decreased during the course in the low-calory group whereas it increased in the iso-calory group. High levels were maintained throughout the course for hGH. Cortisol showed high levels just before the start of the course and then decreased from day 2 to day 4. No difference was found between the morning and evening levels for cortisol, indicating disappearance of the circadian rhythm. The present investigation has shown that energy deficiency during prolonged physical strain is responsible for the decreased serum levels of T3 and insulin and may contribute to the decrease in TSH and the increase in hGH and cortisol. PMID- 7014218 TI - Structural studies on rat prostatic binding protein. The primary structure of its glycosylated component C3. AB - The amino acid sequence of the glycosylated component C3 of rat prostatic binding protein has been determined. The peptides obtained by digestion of the S carboxamidomethylated or S-aminoethylated glycoprotein with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease were sequenced by manual Edman degradation. The alignment of the fragments was further established with overlapping peptides obtained by enzymic hydrolysis of the modified protein with chymotrypsin and thermolysin, and by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The glycopeptide C3 contains 77 amino acids corresponding to a molecular weight of 8653. the oligosaccharide chain is attached to the peptide by an N-glycosidic bond to asparagine-17. C3 is an acidic polypeptide due to the presence of ten acidic residues; its three cysteine residues are located at both extremities and in the middle of the molecule. PMID- 7014217 TI - The effect of exercise, thyroid status and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on the Achilles tendon reflex time in man. AB - The effect of moderate exercise on the Achilles tendon reflex half-relaxation time (ART) was observed in 28 hypothyroid, 35 euthyroid, and 20 hyperthyroid subjects of comparable age and sex. Both the resting ART and the decrease after exercise (delta ART) were longer in hypothyroid patients and shorter in hyperthyroid patients as compared to the euthyroid group. delta ART was strongly related to the resting ART rather than to the free thyroxine index. In four hypothyroid subjects, the half-time of recovery of the ART after exercise was similar, approx. 24 min. Insulin-hypoglycaemia in eight resting endocrine patients also caused a fall in ART similar to the post-exercise delta ART in the same patients. A possible catecholamine effect is indicated by the smaller post exercise delta ART in nine hypertensive patients receiving chronic propranolol treatment, 320 mg daily, than that of a control group matched for age, sex, and resting ART. These studies suggest that submaximal exercise largely removes the differential effect of thyroid status on skeletal muscle contractility as measured indirectly by the ART. The effects of exercise and induced insulin hypoglycaemia on delta ART may be mediated in part by endogenous catecholamines. PMID- 7014219 TI - Identification of a cell-surface protein involved in the binding site of Sindbis virus on human lymphoblastic cell lines using a heterobifunctional cross-linker. AB - A cell-surface protein of molecular weight 90000 was identified as the major protein located at or near the binding site of Sindbis virus on the lymphoblastic cell lines JY and Daudi. This Sindbis-virus-binding protein was detected by cross linking Sindbis virus, modified with 4-[6-formyl-3-azidophenoxy]butyrimidate, to the cell surface. The applicability of this compound in the identification of specific cell-surface proteins was demonstrated using a monoclonal antibody reactive with beta 2-microglobulin, a protein which is associated with the human histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C). PMID- 7014220 TI - The catalytic mechanism of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. A steady state kinetic investigation. AB - The sequence of substrate binding and of end-product dissociation at the steady state of the catalytic process of tRNAGlu aminoacylation by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli has been investigated using bisubstrate kinetics, dead-end and end-product inhibition studies. The nature of the kinetic patterns indicates that ATP and tRNAGlu bind randomly to the free enzyme, whereas glutamate binds only to the ternary enzyme . tRNAGlu . ATP complex. Binding of ATP to the enzyme hinders that of tRNAGlu and vice versa. After interconversion of the quaternary enzyme . substrates complex the end-products dissociate in the following order: PPi first, AMP second and Glu-tRNA last. In addition to its role as substrate and as effector with ATP for the binding of glutamate, tRNAGlu promotes the catalytically active enzyme state. Whereas at saturating tRNAGlu concentration the catalysis is rate-determining, this conformational change can be rate-determining at low tRNAGlu concentrations. The results are discussed in the light of the two-step aminoacylation pathway catalyzed by this synthetase. PMID- 7014221 TI - Granulocyte transfusions in children. PMID- 7014222 TI - Ethical committees in a pediatric hospital. PMID- 7014224 TI - 30 cases of second renal transplants. AB - 30 second renal transplants from cadaver donors were performed. 93% of patients survived for 1 year and 89% for 2 years. 66% of grafts survived for 2 year and 57% for 2 years. Best results can be expected with patients less than 40 years old whose first transplant failed through chronic rejection, whether or not cytotoxic antibodies were present. The best histocompatibility in the HLA A and B system should be sought. PMID- 7014223 TI - Effect of supplementary surfactant on in vivo lung mechanics in the premature rabbit neonate. AB - Premature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation, were subjected to positive-pressure ventilation, with or without treatment with natural surfactant. The surfactant, obtained by centrifugation of lung wash from adult rabbits, was deposited in the tracheal cannula before the onset of ventilation. Parameters of lung mechanisms, recorded during spontaneous ventilation after 1 h, were significantly improved in animals receiving surfactant. In comparison with littermate controls, surfactant-treated animals also had less prominent bronchiolar epithelial lesions. We conclude that treatment with supplementary surfactant facilitates functional adaptation of the premature lung and prevents the development of epithelial lung lesions during artificial ventilation. PMID- 7014225 TI - Partial synchronization of three solid animal tumours by X-rays. PMID- 7014226 TI - Intensive combination chemotherapy with vincristine, adriamycin and prednisolone (VAP) in the treatment of diffuse histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (A report of 89 cases with extensive disease from the Manchester Lymphoma Group). PMID- 7014227 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy by levamisole in resectable lung cancer: a control study. PMID- 7014228 TI - Single-drug vs combination cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: a randomized study. PMID- 7014229 TI - Antitumour activity and cell kinetic effects of pyrazofurin in vitro. PMID- 7014230 TI - Clinical study of vincristine in adenocarcinoma of the lung. A study of the Early Clinical-Trial Group of the E.O.R.T.C. PMID- 7014231 TI - Proteoglycan- and fibrin-degrading neutral proteinase activities of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. PMID- 7014232 TI - Forward traction of the maxilla in cleft lip and palate patients. PMID- 7014233 TI - The localization of 43K polypeptide in normal and cataractous lenses by immunofluorescence. PMID- 7014234 TI - Granulocyte function in human allogenic marrow graft recipients. AB - Granulocyte chemotaxis and iodination were studied in 87 allogeneic marrow transplant recipients and in 25 normal individuals. Chemotactic responses of marrow transplant recipients as a group were depressed during the first 4 months after transplantation and normal in patients studied as long-term survivors (days 175--2202 post-transplantation). Patients with moderate to severe acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or infections had lower chemotactic responses than those without. Granulocyte iodination and the ability of patient serum to support iodination were normal. Thus, depressed granulocyte chemotaxis recovered slowly with time following allogeneic marrow transplantation. Both acute and chronic GVHD, however, were associated with impairment of granulocyte chemotaxis, a defect which may contribute to the high risk of infection among allogeneic marrow graft recipients with GVHD. PMID- 7014235 TI - Relationship between colony stimulating factor (CSF) and colony forming unit in culture (CFUc) in nonimmunized and immunized C57/Bl mice infected with Escherichia coli. PMID- 7014236 TI - Purification of human peripheral blood colony forming cells (CFUC). AB - A 10-fold enrichment of colony forming cells (CFUC) from single donor platelet apheresis residues and from 70-120 ml of peripheral blood of normal donors was achieved by sequential sedimentation on Ficoll-diatrizoate, depletion of cells adherent to plastic, and depletion of cells rosetting with sheep red blood cells (T lymphocytes). Culture of 5 x 10(5) unfractionated mononuclear cells yielded 9 +/- 3 colonies and mononuclear cells depleted of adherent cells and T lymphocytes yielded 53 +/- 6 colonies. The mononuclear cell fraction depleted of adherent cells and T lymphocytes was further enriched for CFUC by isopycnic sedimentation of Percoll gradients. Cells recovered in the 1.0063-1.065 g/cm3 density layer of the gradient formed 146 +/- 9 colonies in culture. The mononuclear cells depleted of adherent cells and T lymphocytes were also enriched for CFUC by depletion of Fc-receptor positive cells using an immune sheep red blood cell rosette sedimentation technique. Cultures of the Fc-receptor depleted fractions yielded 107 +/- 12 colonies, while the Fc-receptor enriched fraction yielded only 2 +/- 1 colonies. CFUC appear to lack surface membrane receptors for sheep erythrocytes and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin as well as the ability to adhere to plastic. PMID- 7014237 TI - Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for treatment of aplastic anaemia: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A patient with severe aplastic anaemia achieved restoration of marrow function following marrow transplantation from her identical twin. Sixteen years later both patient and donor are in good health without significant haematologic abnormality. This is the first case of successful syngeneic marrow transplantation reported in China. The success of this procedure, without immunosuppression, suggests that this patient's disease was due to a defect in haemopoietic stem cells rather than in marrow microenvironment. A review of the 23 other patients treated by syngeneic marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia suggests that approximately one-half have a disease due primarily to a defect in stem cells. Conversely for a patient who does not recover haemopoiesis after syngeneic marrow transplantation a further transplant preceded by immunosuppressive therapy may be curative. No direct correlation between the number of syngeneic marrow cells transfused and the success of the graft can be discerned from the literature. PMID- 7014238 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: nucleotide and vitamin requirements of growing epimastigotes. PMID- 7014239 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: assay in vitro for inhibitors of merozoite penetration of erythrocytes. PMID- 7014240 TI - Plasmodium berghei: glycolytic enzymes of the infected mouse erythrocyte. PMID- 7014241 TI - Mode of action of bottromycin A2: effect on peptide bond formation. PMID- 7014242 TI - Partial purification of bovine liver vitamin K-dependent carboxylase by immunospecific adsorption onto antifactor X. PMID- 7014244 TI - An Escherichia coli acid phosphatase which hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 3',5'-diphosphates. PMID- 7014243 TI - Protection of phosphodiester bonds in yeast tRNAVal by its cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase against alkylation by ethylnitrosourea. PMID- 7014245 TI - Synthesis, biological activity and resistance to enzymic degradation of luteinizing hormone--releasing hormone analogues modified at position 7. PMID- 7014246 TI - Influence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on the DNA binding activity of steroid hormone receptors and other DNA binding proteins. PMID- 7014247 TI - Changes of the membrane protein composition in the mutants on regulatory genes of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7014248 TI - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction data of the EF-Tu . EF-Ts (EF T) complex of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7014249 TI - Persistence of a 140 000 Mr surface glycoprotein in cell-free matrices of cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 7014250 TI - Quantitative study of the interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA with the a site of Escherichia coli ribosomes: equilibrium and kinetic parameters of binding in the absence of EF-Tu factor and GTP. PMID- 7014251 TI - Mechanism of codon-anticodon interaction in ribosomes: comparative study of interaction of Phe-tRNAPhe and N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe with the donor site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7014254 TI - Two genes for mitochondrial tyrosine transfer RNA in yeast. Localization and expression. PMID- 7014253 TI - Ultrathin lipid-polymer membrane microcapsules containing multienzymes, cofactors and substrates for multistep enzyme reactions. PMID- 7014252 TI - Metabolism of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol by monolayers of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7014255 TI - Probes of membrane potential in Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7014256 TI - Reactions of calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and beta with native DNA damaged by thymine starvation or by methyl methanesulphonate treatment with Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7014257 TI - Actions of prostaglandins in peripheral vascular beds. AB - The prostaglandins comprise a large family of substances that includes primary prostaglandins (PGE2, F2 alpha, D2) prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxanes (TxA2, B2), all of which exhibit some vascular activity. The activity of each prostaglandin may be species- and organ-dependent, and the type of prostaglandin produced in a tissue is often dependent on the presence of terminal enzyme systems in that tissue. This paper describes the effects of certain members of the prostaglandin family on the mesenteric and renal vascular beds of anesthetized dogs. In the kidney, arachidonic acid, PGE2, D2, and I2 all produce vasodilation when studied by bolus injection techniques. PGF2 alpha is relatively inactive. In the mesenteric vascular bed arachidonate, PGE2 and PGI2 are vasodilators whereas PGD2 and PGF2 are vasoconstrictors. The direct actions of thromboxanes A2 and the endoperoxide PGH2 are uncertain because of their very short half-lives in plasma. Infusion of prostaglandins E2 and I2 into the left ventricle produces vasodilation in both the kidney and the gut. In the mesenteric vascular bed, however, vasodilation during PGE2 (but not PGI2) infusion is a transient phenomenon and the blood flow returns to control levels within the first few minutes of infusion. The vascular actions of prostaglandins are therefore complex and are dependent not only on organ and species, but on experimental technique as well. PMID- 7014258 TI - Pulmonary vascular responses to prostaglandins. AB - Pulmonary vascular responses to the endoperoxide PGH2, an endoperoxide analog, primary prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGD2), arachidonic acid, and PGI2 were compared in the intact chest of the cat and dog. The primary prostaglandins as well as PGH2 and a stable endoperoxide analog all increase lobar arterial pressure in the dog and cat when injected into the lobar artery. Since pulmonary blood flow was held constant with a pump and left atrial pressure was unchanged, the increases in lobar arterial pressure indicate an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The endoperoxide analog and PGF2 alpha were very potent pressor agents in the pulmonary vascular bed. The primary prostaglandins and the endoperoxide analog had significant contractile activity in isolated segments of bovine intrapulmonary artery and vein and in canine intrapulmonary vein. The endoperoxide analog. PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and arachidonic acid, in addition to increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, increased bronchomotor tone. In contrast to the effects of the primary prostaglandins and the endoperoxide analog, PGI2 had vasodilator activity in the pulmonary vascular bed and this activity was enhanced when pulmonary vascular tone was elevated. The prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid produced both increases and decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance, depending on dose and rate of administration, and these responses were blocked by indomethacin. These data indicate that the prostaglandins have marked but diverse activity in the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 7014260 TI - Metabolism of prostacyclin: formation of an active metabolite in the liver. AB - Hepatic metabolism of prostacyclin (PGI2) results in the formation of several biological inactive lipids and one product that has the chromatographic and biological properties of 6-keto-PGE1; the latter, unlike prostacyclin, is stable. Further, authentic 6-keto-PGE1, like PGI2, escapes pulmonary degradation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It could be generated from either prostacyclin or its inactive hydrolysis product 6-keto-PGF1 alpha via the 9 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase pathway, which has been identified in the liver and kidney. The prolonged biological activity of PGI2, which is difficult to explain in view of its inherent instability, may derive from transformation of PGI2 to 6-keto-PGE1. These studies raise the question: What, if any, of the effects of prostacyclin on platelets and the circulation are dependent on its conversion to 6-keto-PGE1? PMID- 7014261 TI - The surgical management of periodontal pockets and mucogingval deformities. A review of the literature. 1975-1979. PMID- 7014259 TI - Analysis of the biological activity of azoprostanoids in human platelets. AB - A structure-activity analysis of seven different azoprostanoids in human platelets and rat aortas has shown that discrete changes in the prostanoid skeleton induce marked changes in biological activity. The 15S-hydroxyl group is important for agonist activity in the platelet (pro-aggregatory) and in the aorta (vasoconstriction). Removal of the 15S-hydroxyl results in a compound that inhibits the thromboxane synthetase and platelet aggregation, and is a much weaker constrictor of the aorta. The 13,14 double bond is more important for agonist activity on the aorta than the 5,6 double bond of the prostanoid skeleton. Completely saturated molecules that are 15-deoxy still retain considerable activity on the aorta, but are two orders of magnitude less active as inhibitors of the thromboxane synthetase and aggregation than the azoprostanoid with both 5,6 and 13,14 double bonds. Compounds that exhibit no agonist activity in platelets still retain considerable agonist activity on the aorta, suggesting that the thromboxane A2 receptor in platelets may be different from the thromboxane A2 receptor in blood vessels. PMID- 7014263 TI - [Oral microbial flora in users of conventional prothesis and implants]. PMID- 7014262 TI - Sweeteners--an overview. Part. 1. PMID- 7014264 TI - [Dentistry of the past. "Le Chirurgien-Dentiste" by Pierre Fauchard. III]. PMID- 7014265 TI - [The Inzoma technic system. Advances in baked porcelain]. PMID- 7014267 TI - [Problems in wax up technic]. PMID- 7014266 TI - [14-unit implant prosthesis with 4-swing-locks]. PMID- 7014269 TI - [Bridge design]. PMID- 7014268 TI - [Occlusion from A-Z--concepts and technical terms in review]. PMID- 7014270 TI - [Improving faced crowns and bridges]. PMID- 7014271 TI - [Occlusion from A-Z--concepts and technical terms in review]. PMID- 7014272 TI - Moses Harris--inventor of the color wheel. PMID- 7014273 TI - The parameters of better casting, part III. PMID- 7014274 TI - History of ceramics, part 1. PMID- 7014275 TI - [Establishing a dental practice (xx)]. PMID- 7014276 TI - Replacement dentures for the elderly--a better way. PMID- 7014277 TI - Oxatomide in the treatment of chronic urticaria. A double-blind placebo controlled trial. AB - Oxatomide was evaluated in a double-blind study of 35 patients with chronic urticaria. For 5 weeks patients received at random either 30 mg oxatomide b.i.d. or a placebo. Oxatomide significantly reduced not only the duration of the attacks but also the severity of erythema, lesions and itching. This lower level of suffering was clearly reflected by a diminished need for additional antiallergic medication. The overall response to treatment was rated excellent or good in 72% of the oxatomide-treated patients against only 23% of the controls which is a significant difference. Sleepiness was reported in 1 patient of each group. PMID- 7014278 TI - The restorative specialty in the hospital dental service. PMID- 7014279 TI - A technique for the production of collarless porcelain crowns using liquid separating media. PMID- 7014280 TI - Trabeculectomy. PMID- 7014281 TI - The Production of beta 1-specific pregnancy glycoprotein (SP1) by the amnion. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence, beta 1-specific pregnancy glycoprotein (SP1) was localised to the amnion cells, as well as to trophoblastic cells. Cultures of fragments of amnion incubated with 3H-leucine for up to 72 h demonstrated that protein was synthesized by the amnion. Using antisera specific to SP1 it was shown that after 72 h incubation about 50% of the total protein could be precipitated. These studies demonstrate that the amnion cells are actively involved in the synthesis of SP1 and could account for the high level of this glycoprotein in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7014283 TI - Prevention of in vivo platelet aggregation by indobufen in angina patients during exercise. PMID- 7014282 TI - A double-blind study of dothiepin hydrochloride (Prothiaden) and amitriptyline in out-patients with masked depression. AB - A group of forty patients who presented to their general practitioner with depression or somatic complaints, which were considered to be due to depression, were included in a double-blind trial of dothiepin and amitriptyline. Patient improvement as judged by the Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) indicated that both groups significantly improved over the 6 week period. Only in one comparison, CPRS after 1 week, was there any statistical difference between the groups and in this case dothiepin produced a better response than amitriptyline (p less than 0.05). Statistical analysis of side-effects indicated that the frequency and severity of certain individual side-effects, hypotension, tiredness/sleepiness and dry mouth were significantly less with dothiepin than with amitriptyline at Week 1 (p less than 0.05). The overall incidence and severity of side-effects was also less with dothiepin at all assessments during the trial. PMID- 7014284 TI - Double-blind evaluation of domperidone in acute vomiting and dyspeptic disorders. AB - The anti-emetic effects of domperidone were evaluated under double-blind conditions in twenty-four patients with acute vomiting randomly assigned to treatment either with 10 mg i.m. domperidone (six female, five males) or with placebo (seven females, six males). The therapeutic results were better with domperidone and the differences from placebo were statistically significant (p less than 0.02). In a second randomized, crossover, double-blind trial, domperidone (10 mg t.i.d.) evaluated according to a nine-symptom rating scale, in eighteen dyspeptic patients, proved significantly more effective than placebo. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks and the drugs were crossed-over after 3 weeks. The difference between the two groups was most marked during the second phase of the trial. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 7014285 TI - Pirenzepin in gastric and duodenal ulcer: a double-blind trial. AB - In seventy-five out-patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer a comparative double blind trial with pirenzepin against placebo was performed. The dose was 50 mg pirenzepin daily or placebo respectively, the duration of treatment being 4 weeks. The healing effect of pirenzepin in duodenal ulcer patients could be proven endoscopically and was statistically significant when compared with placebo (p less than or equal to 0.05). Strong evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of pirenzepin could be further demonstrated in both duodenal and gastric ulcer patients by measuring the marked reduction of ulcer size, even though statistical difference against placebo in gastric ulcers was not fully achieved. Pirenzepin was well tolerated by all patients, except for a mild case of diarrhoea which occurred in one patient. No patient complained of dryness of the mouth or of blurred vision. PMID- 7014286 TI - A randomized, controlled clinical trial of four anti-dandruff shampoos. AB - A total of 199 patients were selected for a comparison of the anti-dandruff efficacy of four shampoos. After a 2-week lead in (all patients used only Johnson's Baby Shampoo twice weekly) the patients were randomly assigned to Selsun Blue, Head & Shoulders, Flex, or Tegrin. The test preparation, which was unknown to the observer, was used twice weekly for 4 weeks. Loose and adherent dandruff were each rated on a scale of 0 to 20 (absent to severe) at the end of the lead-in (when a total score of 15 was required), and each week of study. The mean total pre-study score for all subjects was 19.5. At the end of the study the mean improvement scores were: 16.2 (Selsun Blue), 14.6 (head & Shoulders), 13.5 (Flex), and 13.1 (Tegrin). The improvement was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) on Selsun Blue than on any of the other shampoo. At the end of the study significantly (p less than 0.05) more patients had total scores of zero on Selsun Blue (15) than on Tegrin or Head & Shoulders. In addition, the rate of improvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) faster with Selsun Blue than with any of the other test preparations. PMID- 7014287 TI - Chick embryo intestine in culture: superinduction of alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities by actinomycin D. PMID- 7014288 TI - Abnormal cell lineages in mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7014289 TI - Polyspermic mouse eggs can dispose of supernumerary sperm. PMID- 7014290 TI - Changes in polyamines, RNA synthesis, and cell proliferation during matrix induced cartilage, bone, and bone marrow development. PMID- 7014291 TI - Vascular invasion of cartilage: correlation of morphology with lysozyme, glycosaminoglycans, protease, and protease-inhibitory activity during endochondral bone development. PMID- 7014292 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in embryonic chick trunk and area vasculosa. PMID- 7014293 TI - Thyroid-hormone-induced differentiation and development of anuran tadpole hind limbs: detection and quantitation of M-line protein and alpha-actinin synthesis. PMID- 7014294 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of collagens, fibronectin, and laminin during terminal differentiation of odontoblasts. PMID- 7014295 TI - Evidence for the cell surface expression of intracisternal A particle-associated antigens during early mouse development. PMID- 7014296 TI - Potency test of inactivated polio vaccines in guinea pigs. AB - A trial with five different inactivated polio vaccines offered an opportunity to compare children's antibody titres with the antibody responses in guinea-pigs elicited by the same batches of vaccines. The potency test in guinea-pigs was carried out according to the European Pharmacopoeia. Polio antibodies were determined by the neutralization test in Vero cell tubes. In our experience the potency test according to the European Pharmacopoeia is suitable for comparing different batches of vaccines manufactured in the same laboratory, but not for comparing vaccines prepared by different manufacturers. PMID- 7014297 TI - A controlled trial with inactivated poliovaccine. AB - A trail with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was carried out, aiming at the earliest possible vaccination of young infants from rural settlements, before their exposure to type 1 wild poliovirus, highly prevalent in the environment. One hundred and fifteen infants were primed at the age of 2 and 3 1/2 months with the quadruple antigen DPT-polio. When 10 months old, 61 were boosted with the same antigen, and 54 with TOPV associated with DTP. Another 53 babies fed with TOPV at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months were used as a control. One dose of IPV produced antibody to polio type 1 in 83% of babies. With two doses of IPV a 100% response was obtained. Six months after the second dose, a small decrease in the percentage of infants wih detectable antibody to type 1 was observed, but at one month after the booster a highly significant anamnestic response was achieved. The results with IPV compared favorably with the immune response of infants given TOPV. Details on the results of the field trial will be presented, and field implementations of IPV will be discussed. PMID- 7014298 TI - Field trial on the efficacy of oral Sabin vaccine versus Salk polio vaccine. PMID- 7014299 TI - Tyrosine A14[125I]monoiodoinsulin: Preparation, Biologic Properties, and long term stability. AB - 125I-insulin was prepared by reacting 17.4 nmol porcine insulin (100 micrograms) with 5 mCi 125I (about 2.4 nmol) using the lactoperoxidase method. The reaction product was subjected to gel electrophoresis and the band containing A14 [125I]monoiodoinsulin was eluted. This preparation showed a specific activity of about 1.5 Ci/mumol as evaluated by radioimmunoassay and bioassay, i.e., about 75% of the theoretical maximum. The content of radioactive derivatives other than A14 monoiodoinsulin was less than 2%. The binding affinity of tracer A14 monoiodoinsulin to adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cultured human lymphocytes was twice as high as that of A19 monoiodoinsulin. Binding to antibodies was examined to 10 guinea pig anti-insulin sera. Three sera did not distinguish between the two tracers, whereas seven exhibited higher binding of the A14 tracer. A detailed analysis of one of the discriminating sera showed that the average affinity constant was about 2.5 times lower for the A19 tracer than for the A14 tracer. The A14 monoiodoinsulin tracer is remarkably stable. After 200 days the specific activity had declined to about half of its original value which is consistent with the hypothesis that the physical decay of [125I]monoiodoinsulin (T 1/2 equals 60 days) extinguishes the activity of the molecule without causing major damage of other molecules. By this time 96% of the radioactivity migrated with insulin when subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, 4% was in the void volume, and nothing in the total column volume or later. Binding to receptors was indistinguishable from that obtained at time zero. It is concluded that Tyr A14[125I]monoiodoinsulin represents an advance in biologic work as compared with previous tracers for insulin. PMID- 7014300 TI - A familial form of obesity without hyperinsulinism at the outset. AB - A total of 32 pairs of obese fathers or mothers and their obese offsprings, aged 20 yr or younger, from 25 families with established hyperinsulinemic obesity aged 11-20 yr equally showed an insulin hyperresponse to glucose, the offspring 10 yr or younger revealed a rather normal insulin response, despite the presence of obesity, and this contrasted with their fathers or mothers. No difference was found in the estimated age of onset between the two groups of offspring. The offsprings in both age groups ate a similar high carbohydrate, high calorie diet. The results suggest that the insulin hypersecretion is not the primary trait in this form of familial obesity and that the insulin response to glucose becomes augmented during the maturation years of 11-20, thus resulting in the accumulation of hyperinsulinemic and hyperlipidemic adults in the family. PMID- 7014301 TI - Body weight, skeletal muscle morphology, and enzyme activities in relation to fasting serum insulin concentration and glucose tolerance in 48-year-old men. AB - Tissue samples were taken from the gastrocnemius muscle of 26 randomly selected, glucose-tolerant, 48-yr-old men. Hexokinase, phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase, and lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA), as well as the area per fiber type and capillary density, were determined. Mean fiber area correlated positively with relative body weight (r equals 0.53, P less than 0.01), but capillary density did not. The result is that, in cases of high body weight, each capillary supplies a larger muscle fiber area. Serum insulin concentration in the fasting state correlated positively with body weight (r equals 0.77, P less than 0.001) and with mean fiber area per capillary (r equals 0.87; P less than 0.001). Only during the latter part of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) did blood glucose concentrations correlate with relative body weight and mean fiber area per capillary (r equals 0.42, r equals 0.51, P less than 0.05). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the different muscle morphology measurements could account for 3/4 of the variation in the fasting serum insulin concentration, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio, and the blood glucose concentration at 120 min in the OGTT. Of the intracellular enzymes, only LDH (r equals -0.71, P less than 0.001) correlated with the mean fiber area per capillary. LPLA correlated with capillary density (r equals 0.66, P less than 0.001), and, long with the muscle morphology measurements, could account for 3/4 of the variation in serum triglyceride concentrations. The results show that a large mean muscle fiber area/capillary ratio indicates a morphologic imbalance, which is related to both glucose tolerance and various degrees of insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7014302 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies and histocompatibility antigens in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. AB - Cold-reacting serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCAs) were measured in sera from 230 insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and from 116 control subjects. LCAs were present in only 4% of control sera compared with 19% in IDDM patients. The most significant determinant of LCAs was time since onset of diabetes; within the first 12 mo, 55% of IDDM sera had LCAs, compared with 25% after one year and 15% after five years of diabetes. LCAs were absent in sera from patients with IDDM for 10 yr or more. Genetic factors were also implicated in susceptibility toi occurrence of LCAs. HLA antigen B8 and B18 were associated with an increased risk for LCAs, whereas HLA-B7 was associated with a decreased risk. The relative risk for LCAs in patients positive for HLA-B8 but not B7 was 2.3, compared with 0.0 in HLA-B7/B8 heterozygotes. In contrast, B7 did not provide protection from LCAs in B18/B7 IDDM patients. Properdin factor B (Bf) alleles, which are in linkage disequilibrium with alleles of the HLA-B locus, were also associated with LCAs, IDDM patients with alleles BfS1 or BfF hd a prevalence of LCAs of 7%, significantly less than the 39% in Bf-F1S or -F1 patients. LCAs were not identical or closely correlated to pancreatic islet cell antibodies. Our findings indicate genetic heterogeneity in, yet, another autoimmune process in IDDM. PMID- 7014303 TI - Induction in C57BL/KsJ mice of complement-dependent antibody cytotoxic to cultured beta cells. AB - Despite widespread evidence that autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the beta cell necrosis associated with type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), it has not heretofore been demonstrated that islet cell antibodies (ICAs), directed primarily against cytoplasmic antigens, are capable of specific lysis of beta cells. We utilized a readily accessible source of mouse pancreatic islets [CBA/J mice lacking exocrine pancreas (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency syndrome)] to experimentally induce ICAs inbred mice. Homogenates of these islets were injected weekly for four weeks into syngeneic (CBA/J) and allogeneic (A/J, C57BL/6J, C57BL/KsJ) recipients. Only C57BL/KsJ inbred mice showed the induction of a high titer (greater than or equal to 160) antiserum cytotoxic to 51Cr labeled CBA/J lymph node target cells. Neither the immunized C57BL/sJ mice with circulating ICAs nor any of the other immunized strains showed any decrease in glucose tolerance as compared with vehicle controls. Moreover, no morphologic evidence of islet necrosis or atrophy was apparent. Thus the ICAs induced were reactive with alloantigenic determinants of the donor and unreactive with antigenic determinants of the recipient strain. The C57BL/KsJ antiserum was further screened for anti-islet cell cytotoxic activity using both a 51Cr release assay from CBA/J islet cell monolayer cultures, and immunocytochemical staining of sections of Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreas. This antiserum was cytotoxic to CBA/J beta cells in monolayer culture, but not the other non-beta islet cell types. Immune lysis of the beta cell required rabbit complement. At a concentration of 1% antiserum and 4% complement, beta cell lysis was evident between 3 and 4 h at 37 degrees C. Ultrastructural examination of beta cells exhibiting cytopathic changes revealed cytoplasmic disarray rather than any obvious lytic events at the plasma membrane. Grossly distended, rough, endoplasmic reticulum containing intracisternal type A retrovirus was the most prominent feature distinguishing antiserum and control serum-treated beta cells. This model system suggests that ICAs which recognize beta cell cytoplasmic antigens are capable of specifically lysing beta cells via a complement-dependent mechanism. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that, in addition to islet beta cells,, the antiserum (1/500 dilution) stained a macrophage-like cell in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as an epithelial-like cell in the thymus. The possibility is discussed that this multiple specificity may have been due to passenger leukocytes present in the islet homogenates used to immunize. PMID- 7014304 TI - Rapid changes in calcium content of rat pancreatic islets in response to glucose. AB - To study whether glucose affects total islet Ca content, 45Ca content was measured in isolated pancreatic islets, loaded with 45Ca++, during up to 48 h in tissue culture conditions. In islets maintained in 2.8 mM or 8.3 mM glucose the 45Ca content did not increase further after the 24 h, indicating that, at this time point, islets are in isotopic equilibrium. Islets maintained in 8.3 mM glucose had a significantly higher Ca content of 9 pmol/islet than the 5 pmol of islets maintained in 2.8 mM glucose. An increase in the glucose concentration from 2.8 mM to 8.3 mM after 24 h, in the continued presence of 45Ca++, caused a significant and rapid augmentation of the Ca content (+2.5 pmol/islet/5 min). Conversely, a decrease of the glucose concentration from 8.3 mM to 2.8 mM resulted in a rapid loss of cellular Ca. Thus, glucose rapidly affects the total Ca content of islets, the turnover of Ca amounting to approximately 10% of the total content per minute. Islets maintained in 8.3 mM glucose for 24 h exhibited a greater insulin release in response to 16.7 mM glucose than islets maintained for 24 h in 2.8 mM glucose. The increased response, however, was not correlative with the difference in Ca content. PMID- 7014305 TI - Effect of age on proinsulin and insulin secretory patterns in isolated rat islets. PMID- 7014307 TI - Assessment of insulin resistance with the insulin suppression test and the euglycemic clamp. AB - Insulin resistance was quantified with two different methods in 30 subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. One method, the insulin suppression test, is performed by continuously infusing epinephrine, propranolol, insulin, and glucose. Epinephrine and propranolol suppress endogenous insulin release, and steady-state plasma levels of exogenous insulin and glucose are reached in all individuals. Because the steady-state insulin level is the same in all subjects, the height of the steady-state plasma glucose level provides a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The other method, the euglycemic clamp technique, produces a steady-state level of exogenous hyperinsulinemia by means of a primed and continuous insulin infusion. Glucose is also infused at a rate sufficient to prevent an insulin-induced fall in glucose concentration, and the amount of glucose required to maintain the basal plasma glucose level provides the estimates of insulin resistance. The results indicated that estimates of insulin resistance generated by the two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.93). Furthermore, both methods of assessing insulin resistance indicated that the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the more severe the insulin resistance. These results serve to further emphasize the importance of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in type II diabetes. PMID- 7014308 TI - Effect of pH and 3-hydroxybutyrate on insulin binding and action in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The influence of pH and 3-hydroxybutyrate on insulin binding and action has been studied in cultured human fibroblasts. When the pH of the incubation medium was decreased from 7.6 to 6.8, insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase and total glucose uptake was decreased. The decreased pH induced both an increase in the insulin concentration for half-maximal response, and a decrease in maximal responsiveness. When insulin binding was measured at lower pH, receptor affinity was decreased. The effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate on insulin binding and action was assessed at pH 7.4 and 6.9. In the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin binding increased, but insulin action on glycogen synthase and total glucose uptake was unaffected. The data show that insulin action is impaired at lower pH. The decreased sensitivity is probably related to the decrease in insulin binding affinity at lower pH, but decreased maximal responsiveness implies that postreceptor components are also affected by lower pH. The results also suggest that 3-hydroxybutyrate induced a dissociation between binding and response, since an increase of insulin binding was not accompanied by changes in the regulation of glycogen synthase and total glucose uptake. PMID- 7014306 TI - Effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on insulin secretion. AB - Recent autoradiographic studies demonstrated that B-cells concentrate 1,25 (OH)2 D3 in their nuclei, suggesting a genomic action on B-cell function. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 on insulin secretion in vitamin D-deficient rats. Mature vitamin D-deficient rats were injected with 1,25 (OH)2 D3 or the ethanol-isotonic saline vehicle. Administration of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 to 10 rats resulted in a 17 microunits/ml (113%) increase in insulin levels and 0.9 mg/dl (16%) increase in plasma calcium. No changes were found in insulin or calcium levels in 5 control rats given vehicle alone. A group of vitamin D-deficient rats with plasma calcium levels of 5.4 +/- 0.1 mg/dl had insulin levels that were the same as those observed in a group of vitamin D deficient rats with plasma calcium levels of 6.3 +/- 0.1 mg/dl. The difference in calcium levels between these two groups is similar to the increase in plasma calcium found after 1,25 (OH)2 D3 administration. The results of these studies indicate that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 action on pancreatic B-cells affects insulin secretion. Since insulin increases synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 D3, the existence of a feedback loop between B-cells and kidney proximal tubule cells is suggested. PMID- 7014309 TI - Disappearance of erythrocyte insulin receptors during maturation in sheep. PMID- 7014310 TI - Characterization of increased plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in rats with experimental diabetes. AB - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (pDBH) activity is markedly elevated in chronic experimental streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes in the rat. Several possible explanations, all potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetes, could explain this observation. The objective of this paper was to further delineate the behavior of pDBH in diabetes and examine several possible mechanisms fot the increase. Plasma DBH increases within 1 day of STZ administration, is fivefold elevated within 1 wk, and slowly reaches ninefold control values after several months. Similar changes result from alloxan-induced diabetes. The increase in pDBH activity correlates well with the severity of diabetes as assessed by plasma glucose levels. Reversal of the diabetic state with insulin administration or islet cell transplantation results in the decrease of pDBH activity toward normal values. Plasma DBH is not increased in hyperglycemic obese (ob/ob) mice, suggesting a primary dependence of pDBH elevation on reduced levels of insulin and not hyperglycemia per se. Guanethidine-sympathectomized and sympathectomized/adrenal demedullated animals, with 60% and 25% of control levels of pDBH, respectively, show the same percentage increase in pDBH activity with induction of diabetes, thus, the increase in pDBH does not result from a selective activation or dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla in diabetic animals. No evidence is found for the alteration of the kinetic parameters, molecular size, or charge of pDBH in diabetes. Several mechanisms for the increase are considered. PMID- 7014311 TI - Brief, irregular oscillations of basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in diabetic man. AB - The basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations of 12 diet-treated maturity onset diabetics were measured at minute intervals for 2 h. Brief, irregular oscillations (mean period 8.8 min) in plasma insulin were superimposed on longer term fluctuations (greater than 30 min). Time series analysis demonstrated a synchronous plasma glucose oscillation (mean amplitude 0.03 mmol/L) associated with short insulin cycles. The glucose changes seen in diabetic subjects were similar to the short plasma insulin cycles (less than 10 min) observed in normal subjects. In contrast, the longer plasma insulin cycles (greater than 10 min) of normal subjects were associated with a plasma glucose oscillation that rose before the end of the cycle. The demonstration of insulin oscillations independent of preceding plasma glucose changes in both normal and diabetic subjects suggests a pancreatic oscillating mechanism of "pacemaker". The associated glucose changes may reflect the entrainment, by the insulin cycles, of glucose production or utilization. PMID- 7014312 TI - Evidence for a new cause of defective plasma removal of very low density lipoproteins in insulin-deficient rats. AB - These studies were initiated to see if factors other than reduced lipoprotein lipase activity might contribute to the defect in plasma removal of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) that is observed in insulin-deficient rats. VLDL triglyceride (TG) was labeled in vivo with 3H-glycerol in control and diabetic rats, and aliquots of plasma containing 3H-VLDL were injected into normal recipient rats. The half-time (t 1/2) of removal was almost twice as long when plasma from diabetic rats was injected, and this was true when the diabetic rats were fed either sucrose or regular chow. A comparable increase in t 1/2 was observed when 3H-VLDL isolated from normal rats was recombined with VLDL-free plasma from control and diabetic rats and injected into normal recipients. As before, the changes observed were not dependent upon antecedent diet. However, no significant difference in t 1/2 was observed when 3H-VLDL was isolated from control and diabetic rats and injected into normal recipients. Thus, there appears to be a factor present in VLDL-free plasma obtained from diabetic rats that interferes with removal of VLDL from the vascular compartment. Whether this factor is found in diabetic plasma in vivo, or is transferred from diabetic VLDL to diabetic plasma in the isolation procedure, remains to be clarified. In either event, there appears to be a factor, other than reduced LPL activity, that may play a role in the defect of VLDL-TG removal seen in insulin deficiency. PMID- 7014313 TI - Selective extravascular escape of albumin into the cerebral cortex of the diabetic rat. AB - The extravasation of plasma proteins (albumin, IgG, and complement C3) into the cerebral cortex was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using immunohistochemical techniques. The results indicate that albumin, but not IgG or complement C3, selectively enters the cerebral cortex within 2 wk after induction of diabetes. It is suggested that albumin may be an oncotic substance that contributes to diabetic cerebral microangiopathy, astrocytic swelling, and the cerebral edema that occasionally is seen during fluid and insulin therapy of juvenile ketoacidotic diabetes. PMID- 7014317 TI - Bibliography of developmental medicine and child neurology. Selected books and articles received in 1980. PMID- 7014314 TI - Gastrointestinal insulinotropic hormones in normal and gestational-diabetic pregnancy: response to oral glucose. AB - The responses of gastric inhibitory polypeptides (GIP), gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, and pancreatic glucagon to a 50-g oral glucose load were studied in late pregnancy and postpartum in 11 normal women, 10 normal weight gestational diabetics, and 10 overweight gestational diabetics. The GIP response to glucose was impaired in pregnancy in all three groups. In pregnancy, the GIP response was smaller in both groups of gestational diabetics than in normal women, whereas postpartum, the GIP response was lower than normal in the normal weight gestational diabetics only. In pregnancy, the gut GLI response to glucose was reduced in the overweight gestational diabetics and abolished in the normal women. The insulin response to glucose was increased in pregnancy in all three groups. Moreover, it was higher in the overweight gestational diabetics than in the other two groups in pregnancy and postpartum. In the normals, the suppression of glucagon levels after glucose ingestion was more marked in pregnancy than postpartum, whereas no such effect was seen in gestational-diabetic pregnancy. It is concluded that pregnancy--normal as well as gestational-diabetic--is accompanied by profound changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal insulinotropic hormones after glucose ingestion. These findings may be important for the understanding of changes in metabolism and gastrointestinal physiology in gestation. PMID- 7014315 TI - Immunoreactivity and biologic activity of semisynthetic [LeuB-30]-insulin: potential value in the treatment of insulin antibody-mediated insulin resistance. AB - Insulin analogues with different amino acids, including threonine, alanine, L leucine, D-leucine, L-leucine amide, phenylalanine, tri-alanine, or desalanine, at the B-30 position were semisynthesized from pork insulin by the new enzymatic method. The order of ability of the insulin analogues to bind to anti-insulin sera was [AlaB-30] greater than desalanine greater than [ThrB-30] greater than [Ala-Ala-AlaB-30] greater than [D-LeuB-30], [Leu-NH2B-30],[PheB-30] greater than desoctapeptide greater than or equal to [LeuB-30]. The ability of insulin analogues with different amino acids at B-30 to bind to receptors, as well as their biologic potency tested with glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes, was comparable among the analogues. These results suggest that [LeuB-30]-insulin demonstrated the least immunoreactivity and has full activity in receptor binding and biologic effect, and that it may be useful for treatment of anti-insulin antibody-mediated insulin resistance. PMID- 7014316 TI - Effects of insulin and insulin-like agents on the glucose transport system of cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 7014318 TI - Comparison between admission and next-day endoscopy in the management of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - In a prospective study, a comparison between immediate and next-day endoscopy has been made in 100 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Neither regime was statistically superior to the other. It is concluded that in the majority of patients immediate emergency endoscopy is unnecessary. PMID- 7014319 TI - Effect of nifedipine on oesophageal motility and gastric emptying. AB - Manometric studies have been performed to determine the effect of nifedipine on lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure and distal oesophageal motility in healthy subjects, in patients with diffuse oesophageal spasm, and in a patient with achalasia. Significant reductions in LOS pressure and in the amplitude of peristaltic oesophageal contractions were observed. In the patients with diffuse oesophageal spasm the amplitude and frequency of non-peristaltic (spasm) contractions were also reduced. Nifedipine did not significantly influence gastric emptying rates of solid and liquid components of a test meal in normal subjects nor in patients who had undergone gastric surgery. PMID- 7014321 TI - The effect of intravenous insulin infusion on kidney function in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7014320 TI - The role of catecholamines in the control of gastrin and acid secretion during insulin hypoglycaemia in man. AB - 5 adrenalectomized subjects and 8 healthy volunteers underwent an insulin test during which acid secretion and plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and gastrin concentrations were measured. Plasma glucose concentration fell by greater than 50% in all subjects. The mean plasma adrenaline concentration increased markedly (greater than 1,000%) in the normal group but was unchanged in the adrenalectomized group. In all subjects, plasma noradrenaline concentration increased moderately, whereas plasma dopamine levels remained unchanged. Clear cut increments in plasma gastrin concentration were seen only on 3 participants, each of whom responded to insulin hypoglycaemia with an extremely high adrenaline release. Basal and peak acid output were similar in adrenalectomized and normal subjects. The results suggest that circulating catecholamines contribute to the control of gastrin and acid secretion in man only during circumstances with high plasma catecholamine levels, e.g. severe stress. PMID- 7014323 TI - Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood-brain barrier. AB - An understanding of the mechanisms of transport of circulating nutrients and hormones through the brain capillary wall, i.e., the blood-brain barrier, is important because the availability in brain of these substances influences a number of cerebral metabolic pathways. For example, the utilization by brain of glucose, ketone bodies and branched chain amino acids or the production of monoamines, acetylcholine, carnosine, and nucleosides may under certain conditions be influenced by BBB transport of circulating precursor nutrients. Steroid and thyroid hormones readily traverse the BBB via lipid-mediation and carrier-mediation, respectively. Although the steroid and thyroid hormones are tightly bound by plasma proteins, protein-bound hormone, not the free (dialyzable) moiety, is the major plasma fraction transported through the BBB. With regard to circulating peptides, the available evidence indicates peptides rapidly distribute into brain interstitial space of the circumventricular organs of brain, i.e., about six small regions around the ventricles which lack a BBB. Conversely, the absence of peptide carriers in the BBB prevents the rapid distribution of peptides into the vast majority of brain interstitial or synaptic spaces. However, recent studies indicate that some peptides, e.g., insulin, may bind specific receptors on the blood side of the BBB and thereby transmit messages to cells on the brain side of the BBB, without the peptide traversing the capillary wall. PMID- 7014322 TI - Long-term effects of untreated diabetes on the arterial wall in rat. An ultrastructural study. AB - Arterial ultrastructure was examined in twelve untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Five showed severe changes in muscular (coronary, tibial, pulmonary) arteries two months after induction of diabetes. The basement membrane of smooth muscle cells was patchily thickened in these arteries. No similar changes were seen in muscular arteries of the other seven diabetic rats or in 10 control rats. No lesions were found in elastic arteries (aorta, main pulmonary artery) of any diabetic or control animals. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, total ketone bodies, and glucose levels were higher in the diabetic rats with arterial changes (p less than 0.01) than in the diabetic animals without such changes. The molar ratio of non-esterified fatty acid to albumin in plasma ranged between 2.3-3.3 in the diabetic rats with arterial lesions, 1.4-1.8 in those without such features, and 0.6-1.1 in the controls. The excess of non-esterified fatty acid in plasma during insulin deficiency could be an important factor in the initiation of arterial changes in this model of experimental diabetes. PMID- 7014325 TI - Insulin and insulin receptors in rodent brain. AB - While insulin effects on the central nervous system (CNS) mediated through hypoglycaemia are well known, direct insulin effects on the CNS remain controversial. Recently, we found insulin receptors in all areas of the rat brain, with highest concentrations in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus; all areas involved in feeding. Insulin receptors in brain were, by multiple criteria, similar to insulin receptors on classical target tissues for insulin, such as liver and fat. Insulin itself has been identified in the rat brain at concentrations on average ten times higher than in plasma. Highest concentrations were found in the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus. Brain insulin was indistinguishable from purified insulin by its behaviour in the radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, bioassay and gel chromatography. In two experimental models representing extremes of plasma insulin concentrations (obese hyperinsulinaemic mice and diabetic insulinopenic rats) there were no significant changes in the concentration of insulin receptors in brain while liver receptors were modified in the expected way. This may reflect the protective influence of the blood-brain barrier on some special quality of brain insulin receptors. Insulin concentrations in brain were also unchanged in both models, which is probably indicative of the local synthesis of insulin. The role of insulin in the CNS is unknown. Besides well known metabolic actions of insulin, new roles can be postulated such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation and paracrine signalling. PMID- 7014326 TI - Regulation of food intake and body weight in insulin. AB - A feedback system for the regulation of food intake and body weight, consisting of two elements is proposed. One is related to the quantity and quality of the food ingested. It consists of neural afferents, psychosocial conditioning factors, and peptide signals from the gastrointestinal tract released by specific nutrient intake. The other is also sensitive to nutrient intake, but importantly modulated by relative adiposity. We present evidence to suggest that insulin serves as the key feedback signal to the central nervous system to serve this second function (body adiposity signal). Insulin has been found in cerebrospinal fluid where it concentration is increased by systemic infusions of glucose or insulin and is proportional to its concentration in plasma. When insulin (10 and 10 micro U/kg/day) is infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of free feeding baboons a dose dependent suppression of food intake and body weight is found. Intravenous infusion of 25% and 50% of total calories as glucose elevates endogenous insulin concentrations and suppresses food intake. These findings suggest that the amount of insulin secreted per day and more modulates food intake to maintain a constant body weight. PMID- 7014324 TI - Cellular basis of direct insulin action in the central nervous system. AB - The in vivo radioautographic method has been applied to elucidate the mechanism of direct peptide hormone "feedback" action in the CNS. Using this method we have identified the circumventricular organs of the brain as general endocrine target tissues for a variety of blood-borne polypeptide hormones, including insulin. In the arcuate-median eminence region of the hypothalamus blood-borne insulin directly interacts with receptive nerve terminals, suggesting that insulin acts to influence the electrical activity of select hypothalamic nerve circuits at the level of synaptic transmission. Recent results obtained from preliminary surgical and chemical lesion studies of brain indicate that insulin-receptive nerve terminals in the arcuate-median eminence region arise from neurons intrinsic to the medial basal hypothalamus. This has lead us to propose the concept of the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular insulin-receptive neuron and its axon collaterals as a pathway for the centripetal flow of insulin "signals" in the form of electrical impulses. We envisage that the neuroanatomic pathway, provided by the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular neuron, functions to link changes in the body metabolic activity, as reflected in changing levels of circulating insulin, to the neuronal process of elaborating specific central metabolic-regulatory programs. This pathway could be of key importance in understanding and combating metabolic disease. PMID- 7014328 TI - Visceral afferents and metabolic function. AB - The effect of glucose, 2 DG, CCK and serotonin on the firing rate of the vagal hepatic afferents and vagal pancreatic afferents was studied in rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. The hepatic and pancreatic afferents showed a decrease in activity following administration of glucose and an increase in activity after the injection of 2 DG. These afferent elements may have a mechanism to respond to blood glucose similar to that of lateral hypothalamic neurons. The results also indicate that CCK and serotonin showed the opposite effects in the vagal hepatic afferents and in the pancreatic efferents. Decrease in the discharge rate in the vagal hepatic afferents due to CCK or serotonin may cause a suppression of food intake behavior. Increase in the discharge rate in the vagal pancreatic afferents resulting from CCK or serotonin or insulin suggests the existence of a nervous information system for these substances in the circulating blood in the pancreas. PMID- 7014327 TI - Peptides and the control of meal size. AB - There are now a large number of experiments demonstrating that peripheral administration of exogenous cholecystokinin or its synthetic analogue, CCK-8, reduces meal size in a number of species. The peptide interacts with other factors which influence satiety, and treatments thought to be effective in eliciting secretion of cholecystokinin have predictable effects on meal size. Cholecystokinin is effective in the genetically obese Zucker rat, obese rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, and subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats. Somatostatin and bombesin are also reasonable candidates for satiety factors. Intraperitoneal naloxone reduces meal size in rats, and beta-endorphin injected intraventricularly causes an increase in meal size of 50% over 30 minutes. We conclude that cholecystokinin and bombesin may interact in weight regulation and control of meal time food intake. PMID- 7014329 TI - Peptides in metabolic autonomic nerves. AB - Most polypeptides originally assigned to a specific organ and a specific effect seem to occur in many different part of the body, in neurons as well as in endocrine cells. Thus gastrin and insulin, or very similar peptides can be demonstrated in extracts of the vagal nerves and of peripheral somatic nerves. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve of a perfused cat leg causes appearance of gastrin and insulin like immunoreactivity in the perfusates. This gastrin and insulin like immunoreactivity might originate from nervous depots. If so it might be assumed that insulin and other peptides are released in response to activation of autonomic or somatic nerves and that they might exert local metabolic effects in response to the acute needs of energy in eg. striated or smooth muscles. PMID- 7014330 TI - Central nervous system regulation of liver and adipose tissue metabolism. AB - Hypothalamic and autonomic nervous regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the liver and of lipid metabolism in adipose tissues is described. The direct neural mechanism underlying this regulation has been evaluated. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH)-splanchnic nerve system causes glycogenolysis in the liver by rapid activation of glycogen phosphorylase, whereas electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH)-vagus nerve system promotes glycogenesis in the liver by activation of glycogen synthetase, through direct neural and neural-hormonal mechanisms. Studies on chemical coding of the hypothalamic neurones have revealed that norepinephrine-sensitive neurones in the VMH and acetylcholine-sensitive neurones in the LH are specifically involved in the regulation of liver phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase, respectively. Acetylcholine-sensitive neurones of the LH were also found to be concerned in regulation of hepatic tyrosine and aminotransferase activity, through intermediation of the cholinergic system in the LH-vagal pathway. Finally, it has been shown that the VMH acts as a regulatory centre for lipolysis in adipose tissues by modulating activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, stimulation of the VMH enhanced lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue preferentially, probably through a mechanism mediated by sympathetic innervation of this tissue. The latter finding suggests that both the breakdown and resynthesis of triglycerides in brown adipose tissue, but not in white adipose tissue, are accelerated by stimulation of the VMH. PMID- 7014332 TI - Is there a sympathetic regulation of the efficiency of energy utilization? AB - Brown adipose tissue, a well known effector of regulatory thermogenesis found in mammals, is unique in its ability to steadily increase its heat production several fold for very long periods of time. It constitutes a shunt of energy flow between food intake and heat dissipation, it is activated through its sympathetic nerve supply. There are evidence in the rat, that brown adipose tissue is activated following overfeeding, thus decreasing food efficiency and determining resistance to obesity. Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice fed and kept at 22 degrees C lack the possibility of activating their brown fat energy shunt; they are known to be poorly resistant to cold stress despite their large insulation. This is taken as a further circumstantial evidence of an overlap in thermal and food efficiency regulatory systems in rodents through sympathetically controlled brown fast as a common effector. PMID- 7014331 TI - Effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on adipose tissue of weanling male rats. AB - In weanling male rats, destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus causes increased carcass lipid deposition and decreased linear growth without changes in food intake or blood glucose levels. These changes are not dependent on altered pituitary function. Lipogenesis and glucose utilization are increased in vivo and in vitro, while gluconeogenesis is accelerated in vivo. The enhanced lipogenesis occurs before increased gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7014333 TI - Hypothalamic obesity. The autonomic hypothesis and the lateral hypothalamus. AB - Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that derangements in the function of the autonomic nervous system play an important role in the development of hypothalamic obesity. Vagotomy below the diaphragm, reverses the syndrome. In diabetic rats cured of their diabetes with transplants of fetal pancreatic tissue beneath the renal capsule, ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions do not produce the characteristic rise in food intake nor do they significantly increase serum insulin. These observations indicate that the hyperinsulinaemia following VMH lesions is the result of neural connections rather than from a circulating humoral factor released following VMH injury. The smaller salivary glands, reduced level of glucagon and impaired mobilization of fatty acids during stress in VMH lesioned rats point to reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The impaired mobilization of fat from retroperitoneal depots in VMH lesioned rats during fasting is similar to the effect of sympathetic denervation of the retroperitoneal fat pad. Similarly, unilateral sympathectomy caused an increased weight gain in rats almost as much as unilateral VMH lesions but significantly less than in bilaterally lesioned rats. These studies with fasting and feeding implicate the VMH in the control of the sympathetic nervous system. When atropine and epinephrine were given to VMH lesioned rats, there was a significant depression in basal and glucose-stimulated levels of insulin. Finally when VMH lesions were placed after lateral hypothalamic lesions, the effect of the VMH lesions did not seem to be reduced, suggesting that the two effects are independent. A model dealing with the effects of VMH lesions is presented in an attempt to integrate these findings. PMID- 7014334 TI - Neural pathways involved in the hypothalamic integration of autonomic responses. AB - Recent mapping studies of hypothalamic and autonomic mechanisms have considerably extended our understanding of the anatomy of this system. The pattern of connections emerging from physiological, anatomical, and histochemical experiments suggests several conclusions about the functional organization of the system as well. Recent evidence supports the idea that the hypothalamic (and other limbic) areas involved in the control of ingestion and metabolism form the rostral pole of a longitudinally and hierarchically organized system that elaborates autonomic responses that influence the energy economy of the animal. Substantially the same pathways are apparently responsible for the modulation of ingestive behavior as well. This circuitry, the "visceromotor system" in Nauta's terminology, seems to weld afferent inputs, particularly those of the gustatory and visceral receptors, into a coordinated integrative control strategy influencing autonomic responses. In addition, the system seems to have unique tissue properties, at least at its two periventricularly located sites of integration with special access to both humorally and ventricularly circulated substrates. These nodes, the basomedial hypothalamus and the vagal complex of the medulla, seem to share similar biochemical specializations reflected in susceptibility to goldthioglucose toxicity, specific insulin binding, and susceptibility to alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7014335 TI - Cephalic phase, reflex insulin secretion. Neuroanatomical and physiological characterization. AB - Using chronically catheterized, freely moving male Wistar rats, we have shown that the sweet taste of a saccharin solution reliably triggers a rapid cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR), in the absence of any significant change of glycemia. To establish the neural mediation of this reflex response we used rats that were cured from streptozotocin diabetes by intrahepatic islet transplantation as a denervated B-cell preparation. The complete lack of any saccharin-induced CPIR in these rats suggests that it is indeed mediated by the peripheral autonomic nervous system, and that the insulin-stimulating gastrointestinal hormones are not involved in this response. It was further found that this reflex insulin secretion is not easily extinguishable and thus might have an unconditioned component. To investigate the central neural pathways involved in this reflex response we used both electrophysiological methods in anesthetized and semi-micro CNS manipulations in freely moving rats. On the basis of our preliminary results, and several reports, using the decerebrate rat preparation for measuring behavioral or saliva secretory oral taste reactivity, it appears that the CPIR might be organized at the brain stem/midbrain level, receiving strong modulatory influences from the diencephalon. But much further work has to be done to establish the central nervous circuitry. Finally, in two experiments, aiming at the question of how important and physiologically relevant the CPIR might be, we found that, on one hand, its lack can result in pathological oral glucose tolerance and on the other hand its exaggeration might contribute to the behavioral reaction to highly palatable sweet food and the resulting development of dietary obesity. PMID- 7014336 TI - The role of hyperinsulinema and the vagus nerve in hypothalamic hyperphagia reexamined. AB - Three series of experiments investigated the role of hyperinsulinemia and the vagus nerve in the hyperphagia and obesity syndrome produced in female rats by knife cuts in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The findings of the first series revealed that VMH cuts do not produce hyperinsulinemia when the rats are prevented from overeating, but insulin levels are elevated in rats allowed to overeat. The second series of experiments demonstrated that VMH-cut rats overconsume sweet sugar solutions during daily short-term tests, and that pharmacological blockade of vagal efferent activity with atropine methyl nitrate fails to inhibit this overconsumption. The third study revealed that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy completely blocks VMH hyperphagia and obesity on a chow diet, but does not prevent overeating and rapid weight gain in rats fed an assortment of highly palatable food. These findings indicate that vagally mediated insulin release is not an essential component to the VMH knife cut syndrome. PMID- 7014337 TI - The modulatory effect of the hypothalamus on glucagon and insulin secretion in the rat. AB - Rats were provided both with brain cannulas, to permit infusion in the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas (resp. VMH and LH), and with two heart catheters. In this way infusions of fluids and withdrawal of blood could be done in unanesthetized free moving animals. Infusion of norepinephrine (NE) in the VMH elicited glucagon release during the whole period of NE infusion whereas insulin levels did not change. This glucagon release could not be suppressed by alpha- and beta-receptor blockade but it was suppressed by hexamethonium, a blocking agent of signal transmission in peripheral ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, infusion of NE in the LH elicited insulin release during the whole period of NE infusion whereas glucagon levels remained unchanged. It is argued that [1] the sympathetic nervous system is involved in glucagon release, [2] no alpha- and beta-receptor mechanisms are involved during this glucagon release, [3] the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in insulin release during noradrenergic LH stimulation. PMID- 7014338 TI - CNS modulation of pancreatic endocrine function. Multiple modes of expression. AB - The involvement of the CNS in pancreatic hormone release has been studied. 1.) It has been shown that one source of vagal efferent fibers capable of facilitating insulin secretion originated in the rostral half of the nucleus ambiguus. 2.) Acute lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus resulted in hyperinsulinaemia that could be abolished by acute vagotomy. 3.) Chronic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus increased secretion of insulin and glucagon, and decreased secretion of somatostatin when the pancreas was subsequently isolated and perfused. These changes were attributed to altered cholinergic activity related to previous ventromedial hypothalamic lesions as they could be reversed toward normal by atropine infusion or mimicked by the cholinergic agonist, methacholine. 4.) Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in anaesthetized rats produced both an inhibitory component of insulin secretion, probably related to adrenergic stimulation, and a stimulatory component, probably due to the release into the blood of factor(s) that promote insulin secretion. 5.) The anatomical organization of brain of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mice is abnormal. These abnormalities could be involved in the endocrinological disturbances of these animals. PMID- 7014340 TI - Immunochemical study of gangliosides at the cell surface of sea urchin embryos. AB - Two main gangliosides (G-1 and G-2) were isolated from eggs and embryos S. intermedius. They contain glucose, N-glucolylneuraminic acids, phytosphyngosine, fatty acids and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. Molar ratios and sequence of these components are the same for both gangliosides, but G-2 contains sulphate residue which is attached to the terminal neuraminic acid. To obtain specific antisera rabbits were immunized by G-1 or G-2, which were mixed with bovine serum albumin and Freund's adjuvant. Both gangliosides possessed electrophoretic and antigenic heterogeneity. G-1 and G-2 gangliosides have common and individual antigenic determinants. Glucosylceramide of gangliosides is immunologically inactive. Individual antigenic specificity of the gangliosides depends on the presence of N glycolylneuraminic acid (G-1) and SO3H-group (G-2). Egg gangliosides were demonstrated by immunofluorescence throughout the cell surface. After fertilization of immunofluorescent label was concentrated on one pole of the embryo only. During the development of specific fluorescence was again uniformly distributed at the blastomer surface. The most intense fluorescence was observed in the junction areas of the blastomers. PMID- 7014339 TI - Lateral hypothalamic control of metabolic factors related to feeding. AB - States of hunger and satiety are under ischymetric (i.e., rate of cellular energy production) control which depends on both substrate availability and hormonal composition. The latter varies in response to external (olfactory, gustatory and gastrointestinal) stimuli sensed by specific receptors and projected on lateral hypothalamic (LH) units from which departs the descendant control pathway of metabolic glands. This neurohormonal loop is responsible for the anticipatory glycemic and other changes observed during a meal and the preabsorptive "satiation" ending the meal long before the postabsorptive cellular repletion will induce the state of more permanent "satiety". New data on LH "sweet" taste projection and hypothalamo-pancreatic control are shown and strengthen the above view. PMID- 7014341 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysms as a result of acute myocardial infarct. Critical review of the literature]. PMID- 7014342 TI - Analysis of sera from patients with breast cancer for blocking and induction of leukocyte adherence inhibition. AB - The correlation of serum capacity for blocking and arming with effector cell reactivity has been examined in patients with breast cancer by using the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. It was found that sera from breast cancer patients possessed the ability to make nonimmune mononuclear cells specifically reactive (i.e., armed) to the breast cancer extract and to specifically block the reactivity of mononuclear cells from breast cancer patients with the cancer extract. Sera from patients with breast cancer whose mononuclear cells were nonreactive to the corresponding tumor extract (6/8) showed higher blocking than sera from patients whose cells showed reactivity to the corresponding tumor extract (3/13). Similarly, sera from patients with positive LAI response (6/13) induced arming of normal mononuclear cells more often than sera from patients with negative LAI (2/8). There also appeared to be an inverse correlation between the capacities of serum from breast cancer patients to exhibit blocking and arming. That is, serum arming activity was found only in sera which showed no blocking, and serum blocking activity was detected only in sera without arming, activity, except for one sample. The possibility is discussed that immune complexes play a key role in both serum activities, and that their biphasic character might be dependent on the ratio of antigen of antibody. PMID- 7014343 TI - Comparative studies on the mutagenicity of 1,1'-ethylene-bis-(1-nitrosourea) and related compounds in Escherichia coli in relation to the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links. AB - The alkyl-nitrosourea-mediated formation of interstrand cross-links in E. coli DNA was studied by means of hydroxyapatite column chromatography. DNA interstrand cross-links were detected after treatment with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1 nitrosourea (CCNU) but not after treatment with 1,1'-ethylene-bis(1-nitrosourea) (EBNU) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). Thus, alkylation of DNA by EBNU seems to be monofunctional, as wtih MNU. The mutagenic and lethal activities of these three compounds were tested with a pair of Escherichia coli strains. EBNU gave slightly but significantly higher mutagenicity and lethality in a repairless (uvrA-) strain than in its parental strain and wild-type DNA repair, whereas CCNU and MNU showed equal mutagenicity and lethality in the two strains. PMID- 7014344 TI - [Effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014345 TI - [Thyroid function in liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014346 TI - [Parasites and malabsorption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014347 TI - Detection of liver IgG Fc receptors using soluble immune complexes of peroxidase antiperoxidase. I. Detection in liver tissue from patients with liver diseases. AB - The presence of liver IgG Fc receptor sites was demonstrated in the liver tissue from 23 patients with liver diseases and 2 patients without liver lesions by the localization of soluble immune complexes of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP). Cryostat sections of liver tissues were incubated with the complexes and the peroxidase activity was revealed histochemically. In the normal liver tissue, PAP were localized on the liver cell membrane, the Kupffer cells, and some of the sinusoidal walls. In acute hepatitis, a strongly positive reaction on swollen Kupffer cells was remarkable but positive reaction on the liver cell membrane was very weak. In chronic aggressive hepatitis, PAP were strongly positive on multiplied Kupffer cells and many PAP-positive infiltrated cells were observed at the area of piecemeal necrosis. However, the positive reaction on the liver cell membrane in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis was generally fainter than in the normal cases without liver diseases. These results correlated well with the severity of liver cell necrosis. In chronic persistent hepatitis, the number of PAP-positive infiltrated cells in the portal area and positive Kupffer cells were fewer than in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Similar results were obtained with liver cirrhosis, and in particular, the liver cell membrane with regenerative nodules gave a positive reaction. A negative result was obtained by incubation with PAP-F(ab')2 alone. PAP reaction was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with aggregated human IgG, trypsin, and pronase but not with neuraminidase. PMID- 7014348 TI - Detection of liver IgG Fc receptors using soluble immune complexes of peroxidase antiperoxidase. II. Detection in liver tissue from mice with D-galactosamine induced hepatitis. AB - The presence of liver IgG Fc receptor sites was demonstrated in the liver tissue from C-57 black mice with D-Galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatitis by the localization of soluble immune complexes of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP). Cryostat sections of liver tissues were incubated with the complexes and the peroxidase activity was revealed histochemically. In the normal liver tissue, PAP were localized on the Kupffer cells, some of the sinusoidal walls, and the liver cell membrane mainly at the side of the sinusoid. Twenty-four hours after single administration of GalN (1,500 mg/kg body weight), positive PAP reaction was mainly observed on the membrane surface of infiltrating cells in the area of hepatocellular focal necrosis, and faintly observed on the degenerative hepatic cell membrane and the sinusoidal walls. After 48 hours, these features became more remarkable, especially at the sites with severe necrotic lesions. After 72 hours, the positive reaction on the regenerative hepatic cell membranes again became distinct. At the chronic stage 13 weeks after repeated administrations of GalN and Freund's complete adjuvant, a strong positive reaction was found on swollen and multiplied Kupffer cells, and a faint one found on the liver cell membrane, especially at the periphery of the lobules; moreover, many PAP-positive infiltrated cells were found in the area of piecemeal necrosis. The relationship between liver IgG Fc receptors and the severity of liver cell necrosis is discussed. PMID- 7014349 TI - A randomized clinical trial of insulin and glucagon infusion for treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: progress report in 50 patients. AB - A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of insulin and glucagon infusion was conducted in 50 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. Twenty-five treatment patients received 24 U regular insulin and 2.4 mg glucagon over 12 h daily for 3 wk. Twenty-five control patients received 200 ml dextrose solution in identical bottles over the same time period. Six control and 2 treatment patients died from liver failure during study, and another treatment patient died from hypoglycemia. In the 34 patients with prothrombin times greater than 3 s prolonged, fewer deaths occurred among the insulin- and glucagon-infused patients (p less than 0.10). Clinical features of liver disease on entry into the study were similar in the two groups, and total serum bilirubin and prothrombin time improved more rapidly in the treatment group (p less than 0.05). Insulin and glucagon infusion is a promising treatment of alcoholic hepatitis and merits further study in the most severely ill patients. PMID- 7014350 TI - A radioimmunoassay for HBcAg in the sera of HBsAg carriers: serum HBcAg, liver HBcAg immunofluorescence as markers of chronic liver disease. PMID- 7014351 TI - IgG antibody to Giardia lamblia detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A sensitive, reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using unfixed, intact Giardia lamblia trophozoites as antigen is described. Employing this assay, we demonstrated that 81% of 59 symptomatic giardiasis patients and 12% of 17 uninfected control subjects had circulating IgG antibodies to G. lamblia. Eleven out of 15 patients tested serially had detectable antibody from 2 wk to 15 mo after therapy for acute infection. The prevalence of antibody in 197 unselected individuals in the Washington, D.C. area was 14%. Specificity of the antibodies was demonstrated by the ability of live G. lamblia trophozoites, but not Entamoeba histolytica or Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites, to absorb the antibody activity. High titers of antibody were detected in 5 out of 7 patients with recurrent infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay described here may help to further characterize the antibody response to infection with G. lamblia. PMID- 7014352 TI - Vasodilation of the normal and ischemic canine mesenteric circulation. PMID- 7014353 TI - Insulin and glucagon therapy for alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 7014354 TI - [Carl Kaufmann, 21 August 1900-18 August 1980]. PMID- 7014355 TI - The immunofluorescent location of teleost gonadotropins and thyrotropins in flounder pituitary. PMID- 7014357 TI - Thyroid function in embryonic and perinatal Japanese quail. PMID- 7014356 TI - The effect of prolonged administration of bovine insulin in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). PMID- 7014358 TI - Seasonal variation in insulin and glucagon concentrations of Rana esculenta (L.). PMID- 7014359 TI - [Effect of colicinogenic plasmids on mutagenesis and the induction of colicin E1 synthesis]. AB - The frequency of UV-induced arg+ and his+ reversions is found to be enhanced by the presence of colicinogenic plasmids Ib-P9 and Ia-CA53 and reduced by the presence of plasmid V-K30. The effect of Ib-P9 on the UV-induced mutagenesis depended on recA and lexA genes and was independent on uvrA and recB genes. Plasmids Ib-P9 and V-K30 proved to exert no influence on the frequency of 2 aminopurine-induced mutations. The presence of Ib-P9 reduced the ability of cells carrying the colicinogenic factor E1 to induce colicin E1 synthesis under the action of DNA-damaged agents (UV, nitrosoguanidine, mitomycin C), while plasmid V K30 enhanced the induction of colicin E1 synthesis. However this effect of plasmids on the induction of colicin E1 synthesis was not observed when the induction occurred under the action of chloramphenicol. Possible mechanisms governing the participation of plasmid gene products in processes related to the repair of DNA are discussed. PMID- 7014360 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (July 1980)]. PMID- 7014362 TI - [Lethal and mutagenic action of UV light on salmonellae carrying wild or mutant alleles of the Escherichia coli lexA-gene]. AB - To elucidate the reasons for the absence of UV-mutability in Salmonella typhimurium, the lexA gene of Escherichia coli has been transduced by phage P1 into S. typhimurium. The functioning of lexA+ allele of E. coli in the chromosome of Salmonella failed to cause UV-mutability of the hybrid. The transfer of pKM101 plasmid into the LexA+ hybrid mediates the expressed UV mutability and UV protective plasmid effect. This plasmid harboured by the LexA hybrid fails to increase UV-resistance and mutability, thus showing the dependence of plasmid mediated effect on LexA+ phenotype. PMID- 7014361 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (August 1980)]. PMID- 7014363 TI - [Phenotypic manifestation of the pnd mutation, which promotes purine nucleoside cleavage by Escherichia coli K-12 cells, in the genome of strains defective in the metabolism of nucleic acid precursors]. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 containing both pnd1 mutation, rendering bacteria capable to catabolize purine nucleosides without participation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pup gene), and mutations in several genes of purine metabolism or nucleosides catabolism have been constructed. The introduction of the deletion mutation in adenosine deaminase gene (add) into the pup pnd genome does not affect the ability of mutants to utilize adenosine and deoxyadenosine as the sole carbon and energy sources. Mutations affecting purine phosphoribosyltransferases (hpt and gpt) block the ability of pup pnd mutants to utilize hypoxanthine, guanine and their deoxyribonucleosides and also xanthine and xanthosine as the only purine source. A mutation in deoxyribomutase (drm) disturbs the ability of pnd mutants to use all purine ribo- and deoxy ribonucleosides as carbon and energy sources, whereas a mutation in deoxyriboaldolase (dra) only disturbs utilization of deoxyribonucleosides. These data seem to indicate that the activity promoted by pnd mutations catalyzes the cell reaction of irreversible phosphorolytic cleavage of the N-glycoside bond of the purine nucleosides molecules: purine nucleoside + phosphate leads to purine + pentose-1-phosphate. It is suggested that pnd mutations affect the structural gene of some phosphorolytic enzyme and modify its substrate specificity. Evidence is presented that the structural gene of a new nucleoside phosphorylase is not sensitive to catabolite repression. PMID- 7014365 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (September 1980)]. PMID- 7014364 TI - [Genetic study of the mutations impairing guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthines assimilation in a purine auxotroph of Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - The hpt gene is responsible for the synthesis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosiltransferase. This gene was located between aceE and pan markers on the linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12 by a detailed transductional analysis using P1 phage. As described earlier by Nijkamp and De Haan, the guaC mutation blocks the synthesis of guanosine-5'-monophosphate reductase. The cotransduction frequencies of guaC with leu, azi, nadC, aceE, hpt and pan showed the guaC site to be positioned anterior to nadC marker. The order of these genes appeared to be as follows: leu--azi--guaC--nadC--aceE--hpt--pan. PMID- 7014366 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (November 1980)]. PMID- 7014367 TI - How dietary salt contributes to hypertension. PMID- 7014368 TI - [Festschrift for the 70th birthday of the medical historian of Basel, Dr. Heinrich Buess]. PMID- 7014369 TI - [The physician as witness to life]. PMID- 7014370 TI - [Montaigne: a medical program in the 16th century]. PMID- 7014371 TI - [The jewish physician as draftsman of world medicine]. PMID- 7014372 TI - [Consultations of professors from Naples and Padua for the visual disorder of G. V. Pinelli]. PMID- 7014373 TI - [Johann Jakob Wepfer's doctoral disputation on palpitations of the heart (1647)]. PMID- 7014374 TI - [Medical care in the region of Berne in the 18th century]. PMID- 7014375 TI - [Industrial hygiene in Swiss almanacs of the 19th century]. PMID- 7014376 TI - [The conceptualization of hydrotherapy in the 19th century. J. H. Rausse, Theodor Hahn, Lorenz Gleich]. PMID- 7014377 TI - [Arthur Menzel (1844-1878), the dearest and most capable student and most loyal friend of Billroth, foremost surgeon in Triest]. PMID- 7014378 TI - [Is the well-being of the people in drinking wine? Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann with August Forel in Zurich]. PMID- 7014379 TI - [A report of the diary, with reference to the last years of life, of Emil Abderhalden (1877-1950)]. PMID- 7014380 TI - [Nollet's theory of electricity and its application to medicine as deduced from his unpublished correspondence with Jallabert]. PMID- 7014381 TI - [The development of obstetrics in Basel]. PMID- 7014382 TI - [The invention of the stomach pump. An ethnomedical report of the question of priority]. PMID- 7014383 TI - [The beginnings of spirometry in the 19th century]. PMID- 7014384 TI - [Heinrich Buess on his 70th birthday (17 May 1981)]. PMID- 7014386 TI - [Obstetrical teaching models. Notes on the history of phantoms and hysteroplasmata]. PMID- 7014385 TI - ["De conceptu et generatione hominis" - the Latin wording of Jakob Rueff's "Little Book of Consolation", Zurich 1554]. PMID- 7014387 TI - [Clinico-numerical research in British obstetrics 1750-1820]. PMID- 7014388 TI - [The city doctor of Basel, Johannes Huber (1507-1571)]. PMID- 7014389 TI - [The history of the Medical Faculty of Basel in the first third of this century]. PMID- 7014390 TI - Insulin induced growth hormone response in fast-growing, lean and in slow growing, obese pigs. AB - The effect of intravenous (IV) infusion of insulin on subsequent serum growth hormone (GH) response was studied in fasted lean, fast-growing and in genetically obese, slow-growing pigs at 6 months of age. A smaller GH response in obese compared to lean pigs was observed from 30 to 60 min after insulin infusion. Concurrently, marked hypoglycemia and a decrease in serum free fatty acids (FFA) were evident. Changes in serum glucose and FFA were similar in both pig strains. After IV administration of exogenous GH, the decrease in serum GH (half-life) and the simultaneous increase in serum FFA were not different for lean and obese pigs. The reduced GH secretory potential in obese pigs is consistent with reduced muscle development and growth rate. PMID- 7014391 TI - Immunohistological characterisation of intraepithelial lymphocytes of the human gastrointestinal tract. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of the normal human stomach, small intestine, and large intestine have been characterised in tissue sections by a double marker immunofluorescent technique. A panel of reagents was used in combination, including antisera to T lymphocyte antigen (HuTLA), Ia-like (p28, 33) antigens and immunoglobulin subclasses, as well as a mouse monoclonal antibody to a human leucocyte antigen (HLe-1). In stomach and proximal small intestine over 95% of IEL were T lymphocytes (HLe-1+, HuTLA+). The proportion was slightly lower in the colon and rectum (85--95%). IEL rarely expressed Ia-like antigens. B lymphocytes were not seen within the epithelium of any of the tissues examined. The functions of IEL must be assessed in the light of the finding that they are predominantly T cells. PMID- 7014392 TI - Randomised trial of endoscopic argon laser photocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcers. AB - Emergency endoscopy on 332 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding showed that 178 had peptic ulcers; 28 of these were actively bleeding (spurting) and 108 showed stigmata of recent haemorrhage (vessels or spots in the ulcer base) suggesting a risk of rebleeding. These 136 patients were randomly allocated to Argon laser photocoagulation or to no additional therapy (controls) at the time of initial endoscopy. All patients received conventional management, and the controlling clinicians did not know whether or not the laser had been used in any individual patients. The laser system proved both simple and safe in use. Initial haemostasis was achieved by the laser in 10 of 15 'spurting vessels', but four of 13 'control' spurting vessels also stopped bleeding spontaneously. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the laser treated and control groups in terms of rebleeding, the need for surgical intervention, or death. These results require amplification in larger trials, and comparison with other studies using different protocols and other haemostatic methods. PMID- 7014395 TI - [Plastic surgery of the vulva and vagina]. PMID- 7014396 TI - Dislocation of the hip joint (probably congenital) in the woman from the mediaeval burial ground in Poland. PMID- 7014394 TI - [Wound healing and management of wounds from the point of view of plastic surgery operations in gynecology]. PMID- 7014397 TI - Anatomy of the islets of the pancreas in association with their vascularization. PMID- 7014398 TI - New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. AB - More than 2,000 data on volumetric measurements of 42 structures in a variety of up to 76 species (28 insectivores, 21 prosimians, 27 simians) are given. All volumes measured in serial sections were converted to fresh volumes of a brain having a standard size within a given species. The date are available to all scientists for comparison and analysis. To allow critical evaluation, details on fixation and preparation, on determination of fresh brain weights and volumes of brain parts and on intraspecific variability are given. PMID- 7014393 TI - Surgical management of morbid obesity. PMID- 7014399 TI - [Hemorrhage and blood replacement. 2. Hemorrhage prevention and hemostasis, volume replacement]. AB - Reviewed are the causes of hemorrhagic shock, pathophysiology of blood loss as well as clinical signs and diagnostic measures. The problematic nature of determination and judgement of blood loss, especially at internal bleeding and during operations is pointed out. Measures for prevention and stanching of bleeding are touched. Blood, blood plasma and colloids (dextran, gelatine and hydroxyethyl starch) for volume replacement and their side effects are discussed briefly. PMID- 7014400 TI - [Problems in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Chronic renal failure is found in different stages, from the fully compensated stage until the terminal form of uremia. Complications like metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia as well as renal hypertension with following cardiac insufficiency are influencing the prognosis. If conservative therapy is of no avail any more renal grafting is besides dialysis an additional treatment not sufficiently used in our country. PMID- 7014401 TI - [Transplantation centers in West Germany]. PMID- 7014403 TI - [Heart transplantation 1981. A status determination]. AB - This is a report based on the experience of Stanford University in Palo Alto/California (Chief: N. Shumway). The operation is above all indicated in patients suffering from endstage cardiomyopathy respectively coronary heart disease. Stage IV valve patients (according to N. Y. H. A.) represent no candidates at the present time. Main contraindications are age over 50 years, pulmonary hypertension (above 8--10 resistance units), florid infections and diabetes mellitus. Perfect postoperative care is the key for success at Stanford; only that way long-term results compare favourably to those of kidney transplants: for the patient group after 1973 long-term survival rate is 55 percent. PMID- 7014402 TI - [Menstrual cycle changes during consecutive artificial insemination therapy and their treatment]. AB - Emotional stress-induced problems generated by the application of artificial insemination therapy by donor (AID) are considerable. After 6 months of frustrane insemination treatment, 54% of the women exhibited irregular or anovulatory cycles. Especially the persistent late ovulation often leads to a failure of the mechanisms of conception. An early ovulation timing with high dosages of synthetic LH-releasing hormone or a stimulating LH-RH-analogue (HOE 766) lead to an increasing pregnancy rate after application in the third insemination cycle from 34,0% untreated to 51,1% treated. The early application of ovulation inducing or timing substances is underlined in a program of artificial insemination therapy to eliminate possible stress-induced failures at an early point of treatment. As the spontaneous pregnancy rate is high in the first treatment cycles, LH-RH or its analogue should be administered after two frustrane insemination cycles. PMID- 7014404 TI - [Projects for a better insane asylum replacing the "wiener narrenthurm" (author's transl)]. AB - In the "Albertina" construction drawings of Lunatic Asylums (about 1826) have recently been discovered. They are carefully planned, but never executed. After a detailed description the plans were compared with about 15 mental hospitals and insane asylums, known in Wien today. PMID- 7014405 TI - [From 'heilanstalt' (asylum) to 'heil- und pflegeanstalt' (asylum for long-term treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014406 TI - Alterations in serum concentrations of T4, T3 and r-T3 in normoglycemic glucose clamp-evidence of intercompartmental shifting ? PMID- 7014407 TI - Preservation of insulin release periodicity from individual islets of obese Zucker rats. PMID- 7014408 TI - Hepatic insulin extraction in human pregnancy. AB - The hepatic degradation of insulin in late pregnancy has been estimated by determination of the molar C-peptide: Insulin (C/l) ratio under fasting conditions in 20 normal women in late pregnancy and again 4--8 weeks post-partum. Fasting plasma C-peptide and insulin concentrations were both significantly enhanced in pregnancy. However, since the relative gestational increments in plasma C-peptide and insulin concentrations were of almost the same magnitude, the C/l ratio remained unaffected by pregnancy (7.3 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- S.E.M) (pregnancy) vs. 7.4 +/- 0.8 (post-partum), N.S.). The results suggest that, in pregnancy, peripheral hyperinsulinaemia is due, in general, to pancreatic hypersecretion rather than to diminished hepatic extraction of insulin. PMID- 7014409 TI - Circadian rhythm and hormonal sensitivity of lipoprotein lipase activity in cold acclimated rats. AB - To delineate the factors that may affect triglyceride capture in brown adipose tissue, we have determined the lipoprotein lipase activity (LPS) under conditions known to modulate this activity in other tissues. Acclimation temperature (28 degree C or 5 degree C) had no effect on circadian variations of white adipose tissue and heart LPL activity, LPL activity in brown adipose tissue of 28 degree C rats was similar to that in white adipose tissue (peak activity between 21:00 and 07:00 h), whereas LPL activity of the former was four times higher in 5 degree C rats and rhythmicity was altered (peak activity at 17:00 h as for heart). Brown adipose tissue LPL activity was increased in 28 degree C rats but not in 5 degree C rats after a single injection of insulin to fasting animals. A single injection of dexamethasone increased brown adipose tissue LPL activity only in 5 degree C rats, whereas enzyme activity was increased in both 28 degree C and 5 degree C rats by a single injection of norepinephrine to fed animals. These variations were discussed with relation to the role of brown adipose tissue at 5 degrees C and 28 degrees C. PMID- 7014410 TI - Insulin and the in vitro protein synthesis of liver and skeletal muscle ribosomes in experimental acute uraemia. AB - Tissue dependent alteration of liver and muscle protein synthesis was previously observed in acute uraemia, when intracellular amino acids were used as substrate. Since protein synthesis depends also on substrate availability, it was of interest to investigate the role of isolated liver and skeletal muscle ribosomes of nephrectomized rats and their susceptibility to in vivo insulin stimulation. Under marked uraemic conditions, no difference was demonstrated between controls and uraemic animals; after insulin administration and in the presence of endogenous messenger both liver and muscle ribosomes showed an enhancement of [3H]-phenylalanine incorporation of 20% and 54% respectively in controls, and of 32% and 45% respectively in uraemic rats. This study may rule out the influence of acute uraemia on protein synthesis capacity of isolated ribosomes and emphasize the importance of intracellular amino acid availability in altered protein synthesis. PMID- 7014411 TI - Partial purification of the solubilized insulin receptor from rat liver membranes by precipitation with concanavalin A. PMID- 7014412 TI - Planning is the key to successful QA programs. PMID- 7014413 TI - Decreased federal spending threatens quality of care for elderly persons. PMID- 7014414 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis-like lesions in a child with leukemia in remission. AB - This case report describes an eight year old leukemic child who was in remission for four and one-half years and showed hypogammaglobulinemia and deficient leukocyte chemotaxis and migration. She developed pulmonary lesions with laryngeal and tracheobronchial disease and died from pulmonary hemorrhage. The lesions found at autopsy were lymphomatoid granulomatosis-like, but were atypical in their anatomic distribution, behavior, and histologic features. PMID- 7014415 TI - Wood, leather and some associated industries: appendices. PMID- 7014416 TI - Residential design for the aging (for example, the bedroom). PMID- 7014418 TI - Cohort study of opportunity for selection on two Swedish 19th century parishes with a survey of other estimates. AB - Two Swedish parishes, Fleninge in the county of Malmohus and Nedertornea in the county of Norrbotten, have been compared for differences in opportunity for selection. The material has consisted of demographic data from the 19th century. Both components of the index, estimated from mortality and fertility differences respectively, are high in comparison to other available estimates, and the index for Nedertornea is higher than that of Fleninge. PMID- 7014419 TI - Mathematical investigation of populations of coupled synthesized relaxation oscillators representing biological rhythms. PMID- 7014417 TI - Person-environment relationships in adulthood: implications for human factors engineering. PMID- 7014420 TI - A reviewed of programmed insulin delivery systems. PMID- 7014421 TI - Escherichia coli enterotoxin: a study on serum transaminase in rabbits. PMID- 7014423 TI - Multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium in Chandigarh. PMID- 7014424 TI - R-factors in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhoeal disease in children. PMID- 7014422 TI - Inheritance patterns of idiotype expression: maternal-fetal immune regulatory networks. AB - The production of Id-1, a cross-reactive idiotype associated with rat anti-group. A streptococcal carbohydrate antibodies, by 11 strains of rats indicates that genes coding for Id-1 are in the germline. Its expression, however, follows a complex inheritance pattern. It was our intent in these studies to determine if immune responsiveness of streptococcus (GASV) immunized females could alter Id-1 expression of GASV-immunized progeny, and, in turn, introduce complications in Id 1 inheritance patterns. - We observed that Id-1-specific immune reactivity of GASV-immunized females could induce significant alterations in Id-1 production by progeny. The relationship between maternal and progeny Id-1 was complex, reflecting the complexity of autologous regulation of Id-1 production, and could be the opposite of what one would predict based upon parental transfer of Id-1 regulatory genes. The nongenetic nature of the maternal regulatory influence was confirmed by foster-mother studies. - We conclude that antigen-induced maternal immune responsiveness can exert a permanent regulatory influence on idiotype expression by progeny and consequently introduce error in to the interpretations of idiotype inheritance patterns. The recognition of this maternal regulatory influence also lends further support to Jerne's hypothesis that idiotype-specific immune networks play a significant role in the regulation of immune responsiveness in vivo. PMID- 7014426 TI - Attempts to establish Wuchereria bancrofti in slow loris, Loris tardigradus. PMID- 7014425 TI - Response to 600 mg amodiaquine base with 45 mg primaquine as presumptive treatment in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in Assam. PMID- 7014427 TI - Refractoriness of the slender loris, Loris tardigradus to Plasmodium vivax. PMID- 7014428 TI - A double-blind clinical trial of Arogya-wardhani--an ayurvedic drug--in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7014429 TI - R-plasmids in intestinal Escherichia coli of normal and hospital population. PMID- 7014430 TI - Spina bifida occulta--its incidence in Himachal Pradesh State. PMID- 7014431 TI - A study of bacterial infantile diarrhea. PMID- 7014432 TI - Pathogenesis of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli. PMID- 7014433 TI - Control of infection in a neonatal nursery. PMID- 7014436 TI - Current status of B.C.G. vaccination. PMID- 7014437 TI - Interaction of polyhydroxy compounds and nitrosamines. PMID- 7014434 TI - Antiviral agents: an update--Part I. PMID- 7014438 TI - Endogenous formation of N-nitrosomorpholine from a new fungicide. AB - Trimorphamide [N-(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)morpholine], with an acute LD50 of 990 mg/kg, is a systemic fungicide under development. To examine its possible nitrosation in vivo, CFY rats were treated i.g. with 326 mg/kg trimorphamide, suspended in 40 mg/kg sodium nitrite. after 1 hour, another 40 mg/kg sodium nitrite was given i.g. and the animals were killed an hour later. The nitroso derivative was extracted by dichloromethane from the gastric content, after steam distillation. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was identified by comparison with authentic samples, both by GC and MS, using retention times and electron impact mass spectra. Quantification was carried out by GC-MS-specific ion monitoring, using the m/e 116 peak. The yield of NMOR ws found to be 0.65%. By the use of the Ames test, NMOR formed in vivo proved to be strongly mutagenic for the strains TA 1535 and TA 100, both in presence and absence of S-9 fraction. Tumour-bearing animals, treated by sodium nitrite plus trimorphamide, are being analysed. PMID- 7014435 TI - Infections in children with acute leukemia. PMID- 7014440 TI - Submicroscopic fibres in industrial atmospheres. AB - Evidence obtained from a large number of samples of airborne dust from a number of different asbestos-using industries suggests that it would be possible to use gravimetric sampling to estimate the respirable fibre concentration of the atmosphere around specific operations. The precision of this method of estimating airborne fibre concentration is shown to be approximately the same as the variation between different counters using existing counting techniques. Tables are included showing the fibre content of industrial dusts in millions of fibres/mg of dust and the factors (with 95% confidence limits) by which light microscope counts should be multiplied to give the true counts of fibres longer than 5 micrometers. PMID- 7014439 TI - Formation, deoxygenation and mutagenicity of alpha hydroperoxydialkylnitrosamines. AB - N-Nitroso-N-alkyl-alpha-hydroperoxyalkylamines were prepared either by treatment of N-nitroso-N-alkyl-alpha-acetoxyalkylamines with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid or by oxygenation of lithiated N-nitrosodialkylamines with oxygen. They were strongly mutagenic towards S. typhimurium TA1535 and E. coli WP2 strains without metabolic activation. Treatment of the alpha-hydroperoxy compounds with deoxygenating agents, such as sodium bisulfite, gave the alpha hydroxynitrosamine, which could be isolated in aprotic solvents and characterized. The alpha-hydroperoxy compounds can possibly be formed from N nitrosodialkylamines by biochemical and environmental routes and can serve as precursors for the alpha-hydroxynitrosamines. PMID- 7014441 TI - Transportation of the injured. PMID- 7014442 TI - Role of spleen in morbidity and mortality of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. AB - Splenectomy has a strain-specific effect on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Mean survival time either was unchanged or increased to three times the value observed in intact controls. A delay of early mortality, which was otherwise observed in the second week of infection, was a general feature of susceptible strains. Delayed mortality was also observed when splenectomy was performed shortly before expected mortality. Ineffectiveness of splenectomy as to increased survival time was independent of the infective dose. The morbidity of the infection was reduced or delayed. Liver pathology, as assayed by changes in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity, was always reduced after splenectomy. Strains exhibiting increased survival time after splenectomy also showed reduced peak parasitemia and delayed thymus involution, enhanced reduction of hematocrit, and a more pronounced increase in liver weight during infection compared to intact controls and strains in which splenectomy did not prolong survival times. The effect of splenectomy on morbidity and mortality of a P. berghei infection was compared to its strain-specific effect on antibody production to heterologous erythrocytes. The possibility of a spleen-dependent (immuno)-pathological response induced by the parasite during primary infection contributing to death of the host is discussed. PMID- 7014443 TI - Effect of immunoglobulin G on the responsiveness of human neutrophils to soluble staphylococcal protein A-induced neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes. AB - Staphylococcal protein A is a bacterial cell wall product that binds human immunoglobulin G and thereby interferes with opsonization and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils. Phagocytic cells are also responsive to various non-immunoglobulin lymphocyte mediators. We utilized the detection of a newly recognized mediator, a neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T), to show that aggregates of staphylococcal protein A and immunoglobulins G could inhibit the responsiveness of neutrophils to NIF-T. That such aggregates may alter the responsiveness of neutrophils to lymphocyte mediators that amplify or modulate phagocytic functions may have important pathogenetic implications in staphylococcal infection. PMID- 7014444 TI - Role of adherence in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - A correlation has been demonstrated between the in vitro adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to upper respiratory tract epithelium and colonization of the respiratory tract by this organism. Twenty patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 20 age-matched controls were examined in this study. All of the CF patients but none of the controls were colonized with P. aeruginosa at the time of study. P. aeruginosa adherence to isolated epithelial cells, as determined by an in vitro assay, was 19.1 +/- 1.1 bacteria per buccal epithelial cell in the CF patients and 2.3 +/- 0.3 bacteria per cell in the controls (P < 0.01). P. aeruginosa strains of the mucoid colony type adhered in significantly lower numbers to buccal epithelial cells than did strains of the rough colony type (1.8 + 0.1 versus 24.8 +/- 0.9, P < 0.001). This difference might explain the common observation that the initial pseudomonas colonization of the respiratory tract of CF patients is due to organisms of the rough colony type. We have further demonstrated that increased P. aeruginosa adherence in vitro varies directly with the loss of a protease-sensitive glycoprotein, fibronectin, from the cell surface, as well as increased levels of salivary proteases in CF patients. When examined by a direct radioimmune binding assay, buccal cells from CF patients possessed only 17% of the total cell surface fibronectin present on similar cells obtained from controls. Salivary protease levels, as measured by (125)I release from an (125)I-labeled insoluble fibrin matrix, were increased about threefold in CF patients versus controls. Thus, colonization of the respiratory tract by P. aeruginosa in CF patients correlates well with buccal cell adherence of this organism; increased adherence is associated with decreased amounts of fibronectin on respiratory epithelial cell surfaces and increased levels of salivary proteases. PMID- 7014445 TI - Humoral and cellular immunity to hepatitis B virus-derived antigens: comparative activity of Freund complete adjuvant alum, and liposomes. AB - Complete Freud adjuvant, aluminum gel, and liposomes were compared for their ability to enhance the immunogenicity of an intact 22-nm HBsAg particle vaccine and an HBsAg-derived polypeptide vaccine in guinea pigs. Both humoral and cell mediated immune responses were evaluated. The greatest immune response was obtained with complete Freund adjuvant, regardless of the antigen preparation. Aluminum gel appeared to be a better adjuvant for 22-nm HBsAg particles, but the liposomes rendered polypeptide preparations more immunogenic. The possibility that various proportions were entrapped in aqueous compartments instead of being inserted into the lipid bilayers of liposomes might account for this difference. The development of both humoral and cellular immunity was dependent upon the use of an adjuvant, because aqueous preparations had poor immunogenicity. PMID- 7014446 TI - In vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes from Listeria-infected rodents: assay conditions for rat peritoneal exudate cells and characterization of an inhibitor. AB - Conditions favorable to [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes from Listeria-infected rats have been established. In cultures of peritoneal exudate (T) lymphocytes purified twice with nylon-wool vigorous antigen-specific proliferation was observed within 2 days. Cultures of lymphocytes from nodes draining a subcutaneous Listeria-infection site differed in that back-ground proliferation was higher than for peritoneal exudate lymphocytes, and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation was maximal at day 3. A critical factor for the rate of proliferation was the lymphocyte-to-macrophage ratio; optimal cultures of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes contained 2 to 5% macrophages. Macrophages exceeding a proportion of 10% strongly, if not completely, inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. Inhibition was associated with mononuclear cells, adherent to plastic or nylon-wool, of the stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal cavity. It was neither attributable to release of cold thymidine from macrophages nor to rapid degradation of particulate antigen by macrophages. The degree of inhibition reflected the metabolic activity of macrophages; on a cell-for-cell basis, heat-killed and glutaraldehyde-fixed macrophages were less inhibitory, and stimulated macrophages were more inhibitory than macrophages from the unstimulated peritoneal cavity. PMID- 7014447 TI - Human alveolar macrophages: effects of endotoxin in vitro. AB - Experiments were performed to evaluate the in vitro effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on viability and function of human alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and saline bronchial lavage from 12 normal, nonsmoking volunteers. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of E. coli endotoxin for 1 and 24 h. Endotoxin (10 microgram/ml and more) was cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages after 24 h of incubation and induced significant inhibition of phagocytosis, adherence, and spreading. The effects of endotoxin on alveolar macrophage viability and function were dose and time dependent and were not influenced by indomethacin. Thus, human alveolar macrophages, like other mononuclear phagocytes, are extremely sensitive to endotoxin effects; these observations may be relevant in conditions in which endotoxin may be in contact with alveolar macrophages in vivo: endobronchial infections with gram-negative organisms, byssinosis, chronic bronchitis of grain handles, and humidifier fever. PMID- 7014448 TI - Glycerol incorporation in certain oral streptococci. AB - Cells of 30 different strains of oral streptococci were grown in a chemically defined medium supplemented with [14C]glycerol to determine their ability to incorporate the labeled glycerol. Of the five species tested, only two, the rat type strains (Streptococcus rattus) and strains isolated from wild rats (Streptococcus ferus), were able to incorporate the nonfermentable substrate, glycerol. For those strains capable of incorporating glycerol, the amount incorporated ranged from 0.15 to 0.43% of the cellular dry weight and followed simple saturation kinetics. The amount of glycerol incorporated depended solely on the concentration of glycerol in the growth medium. As a result, cultures exposed to low concentrations of glycerol ceased incorporation of the labeled glycerol before cessation of exponential growth. PMID- 7014449 TI - Lipid A dependence of the ocular response to circulating endotoxin in rabbits. AB - The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on ocular vascular permeability were measured after their intravenous injection in rabbits. Alterations in ocular vascular permeability were quantitated by the accumulation of 125I-labeled albumin in the enucleated eye compared with that in heart blood (ocular albumin space). Two lipopolysaccharides extracted from Escherichia coli O111:B4, one with high lipid A content and one with high polysaccharide content, were tested initially, and the one with greater lipid A was 200 times more effective in producing an alteration in ocular vascular permeability. Lipopolysaccharide from a rough strain, Salmonella minnesota (R595), containing lipid A primarily, as well as a purified lipid A extracted from +595, were also effective. But an extract of the protein associated with lipid A was without significant effect. In vitro pretreatment of the lipopolysaccharides with polymyxin B, an inhibitor of the biological activity of lipid A through direct binding, could abrogate the ocular response. These results indicate the paramount importance of the lipid A moiety in the ocular response to circulating endotoxin. PMID- 7014450 TI - Properties of a hemolysin produced by group B streptococci. AB - A hemolysin that appears to be responsible for the zones of beta-hemolysis surrounding colonies of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) on blood agar plates has been isolated and partially purified. No soluble hemolysin was detectable in the supernatants of streptococcal cultures grown in several types of media. However, hemolytic activity was detected when streptococci were incubated with erythrocytes, and soluble hemolysin was isolated when bacterial suspensions were incubated in the presence of a variety of agents, including calf serum, albumin, Tween 80, and starch. Glucose and other fermentable carbohydrates stimulated hemolysin production, and metabolic inhibitors greatly reduced the titer of hemolysin that could be recovered, suggesting that cellular metabolism is necessary for hemolysin production or release. The soluble hemolysin was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and partially purified by gel filtration. Agents known to inhibit other streptococcal hemolysins, including phospholipids, trypan blue, proteases, and cholesterol, were tested for their effect on the group B hemolysin. Only the phospholipids inhibited hemolysin activity. The group B streptococcal hemolysin appears to be similar to, but distinct from, streptolysin S produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. PMID- 7014451 TI - Surface characterization of virulent Treponema pallidum. AB - Characterization of the surface of Treponema pallidum was accomplished by [(125)I]lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact organisms and sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis technology. At least 11 outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 89,000 (89K) to 20K were identified, and all elicited high titers of antibody in experimentally infected rabbits. Proteins of 89.5K, 29.5K, and 25.5K previously implicated as ligands involved in attachment (J. B. Baseman and E. C. Hayes, J. Exp. Med. 151:573-586, 1980) were found to reside on the treponemal surface. Low levels of the 89.5K treponemal protein were released by high salt concentrations, whereas the remaining comigrating material was neither radioiodinated nor released with selective detergents. Other lower-molecular-weight (60K, 45K, and 30K) surface proteins were extracted with octyl glucoside detergent, suggesting their hydrophobic interaction with the external membrane. The molecular organization of surface proteins was studied by employing the cross-linker dithiobis(succinimidyl)-propionate, and data suggested the presence of a highly fluid envelope resulting in random collisions by the surface proteins. The biological function of the treponemal outer envelope proteins was evaluated using, as the indicator system, adherence of T. pallidum to monolayer cultures of eucaryotic cells. Trypsin treatment of motile, freshly harvested organisms decreased the extent of surface parasitism to normal rabbit testicular cells, reinforcing the idea of the proteinaceous nature and role of treponemal ligands for attachment. Other data supported functional and antigenic relatedness among the implicated ligands. Finally, brief periodate treatment of human epithelial (HEp-2) and normal rat testicular cells as well as casein-elicited rabbit peritoneal macrophages significantly reduced the extent of treponemal parasitism, suggesting a role of specific host membrane molecules as mediators of attachment. PMID- 7014452 TI - Extracellular antigens of serotype III group B streptococci. AB - Two sialic acid-containing type III group B streptococcal antigens were obtained from a supernatant growth medium, purified by anion exchange or gel filtration, and found to be free of group B reactivity. Quantitation of the high-molecular weight extracellular type III antigen indicated that approximately 20-fold more antigen was recoverable from the growth medium than could be obtained by neutral buffer extraction of whole cells. PMID- 7014453 TI - Translocation of Escherichia coli from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice receiving Escherichia coli vaccines before colonization. AB - Germfree mice were immunized orally or intraperitoneally for 6 weeks with heat killed vaccines of indigenous Escherichia coli or nonindigenous E. coli O 127: B8 before colonization with these strains. The mice exhibited increases in specific serum antibodies and intestinal immunoglobulin A reacting with the E coli antigens. Prior immunization did not reduce the gastrointestinal population levels of the E. coli strains attained 3 and 7 days after colonization. Neither oral nor intraperitoneal immunization with the E. coli strains before colonization decreased the incidence of bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes or reduced the number of viable E. coli cells per mesenteric lymph node. There also was no relation in individual mice between serum antibody titers and the numbers of viable E. coli cells translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, prior vaccination with E. coli in this study did not decrease the incidence or reduce the numbers of viable E. coli translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli. PMID- 7014454 TI - Distribution of glucose incorporated into macromolecular material by treponema pallidum. AB - Treponema pallidum was observed to incorporate glucose carbons into lipids, ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein. Only the glycerol portions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol contained glucose-derived carbons. Incorporation of exogenous choline into phosphatidylcholine was detected. Glucose was incorporated into only the pentoses of nucleic acids. About 50% of the glucose incorporated into protein was present in only one amino acid, aspartate. Evidence suggests that aspartate synthesis could follow the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxalacetic acid by a guanosine 5'-diphosphate-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. PMID- 7014455 TI - Analysis of an in vivo model to study the interaction of host factors with Candida albicans. AB - Conditions were established under which membrane diffusion chambers surgically implanted into mice could be used to study interactions between host defense factors and Candida albicans within the chambers. Depending on the size of membrane pores, soluble host substances and phagocytic cells entered the chambers during the first 24 h after chamber implantation. By 7 days in vivo, the membranes of chambers appeared impermeable to these host factors. Mouse phagocytic cells were found to be functional within the in vivo chambers whether the cells emigrated to the chambers on their own accord or were placed there before chamber implantation. Opsonic factors such as antibody and complement appeared to be biologically functional within the in vivo chambers. Conditions suitable for harvesting C. albicans from the chambers also were determined. PMID- 7014456 TI - Effect of mouse phagocytes on Candida albicans in in vivo chambers. AB - Mouse phagocytic cells in in vivo diffusion chambers had either candidacidal or candidastatic activity depending on the kind of phagocyte studied, the type of mouse whence the phagocytes came, and whether the chamber inoculum of Candida albicans consisted primarily of yeasts or hyphae. Killing of C. albicans occurred when yeasts were placed into chambers with membranes with 3.0-micrometer pores and implanted intraperitoneally into normal mice or thymus-deficient (nude) mice. Although C. albicans remains in chambers with 3.0-micrometer pores, host phagocytic cells can migrate into the chambers. Killing also occurred when yeasts were combined with normal or nude mouse neutrophils in chambers made with membranes with 0.45-micrometer pores, which restrict migration of host cells, but not diffusion of soluble factors. Populations of cells rich in macrophages were candidastatic for yeasts when the phagocytes came from normal mice but candidacidal when obtained from nude mice. Results of gradient fractionations of peritoneal exudates indicated that more than one cell type may be responsible for candidacidal activity by nude mouse macrophage-rich cells. Hyphal-phase cells of C. albicans appear to be more resistant than yeast-phase cells to killing by normal and nude mouse phagocytic cells. PMID- 7014457 TI - Specific skin-reactive protein from culture filtrate of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - A highly purified protein, named MPB70, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This protein accounted for more than 10% of the proteins secreted into the culture medium. MPB70 was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by treatment with diethylaminoethyl ion exchanger, with or without 3 M urea, and by gel filtration. The final MPB70 preparation was homogenous as judged by several analyses. The molecular weight was estimated to be 18,000 by electrophoresis or molecular sieve and 15,100 by sedimentation equilibrium. The preparation did not contain sugars. The amino acid composition did not include cysteine or tryptophan. In skin reaction, MPB70 was a strictly BCG-specific antigen and, among the guinea pigs sensitized with the heat-killed cells of the various species of mycobacteria--Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv and Aoyama B, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium phlei, and BCG, it elicited a delayed cutaneous reaction only in the guinea pigs sensitized with BCG. The potency of MPB70 in the skin reaction was about one-twentieth of the standard purified protein derivative. PMID- 7014459 TI - Serum inhibition of merozoite dispersal from Plasmodium falciparum schizonts: indicator of immune status. AB - Specific immune serum was found to inhibit the dispersal of the merozoites from mature schizonts, thus interfering with their subsequent reinvasion of new host erythrocytes. This phenomenon is viewed as a protective mechanism against malaria which can be measured in vitro and reflects the immune status of the donor. PMID- 7014458 TI - Role of antigen form in development of mucosal immunoglobin A response to Shigella flexneri Antigens. AB - One major stumbling block in the development of an effective means to immunize against shigellosis and other enteric diseases has been the lack of a means to assess sequential mucosal immune responses to different potential immunogens. In the present study, we compared the abilities of live invasive organisms, noninvasive organisms, and nonviable antigen preparations of shigella to elicit mucosal immune responses. Whereas previous studies have found that effective immunity was produced best by vaccination with live invasive strains of shigella, in the present study, live noninvasive strains that did not produce any histopathological damage were consistently able to produce local (immunoglobulin A) immune responses as vigorous as those of the invasive strains. Further, acetone-killed shigella antigen was also an effective mucosal immunogen, whereas hot phenol-water-extracted shigella lipopolysaccharide was ineffective, possibly due to the method of preparation. A single oral or parenteral priming was ineffective in enhancing the mucosal immune response when restimulated 1 month later with the same antigen. However, a mucosal memory response was found to be present several months after a triple mucosal stimulation with a locally invasive vaccine strain. PMID- 7014461 TI - Immunogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the immunogenicity of purified Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin. Rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with delta-toxin incorporated into a multiple antibody, whereas animals given toxin in saline or toxin in saline with Tween 80 did not produce antibody. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction isolated by chromatography on protein A-Sepharose was examined for the presence of anti-delta-toxin antibody by immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation tests, affinity chromatography, and toxin neutralization tests. Although delta-toxin-specific IgG precipitated the toxin in agar gels, the antibody did not neutralize the toxin's hemolytic activity. Delta-toxin binding to human erythrocyte membranes was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent staining of toxin-treated erythrocytes. PMID- 7014460 TI - Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) enteritis caused by epithelial cell-invasive Escherichia coli. AB - When inoculated orally, Escherichia coli strain 1056 caused acute enteritis in 7 of 22 weanling hamsters. E. coli strain 1056 was isolated from the ileum of a hamster with proliferative ileitis. It was lactose negative, nonmotile, and anaerogenic. By electron microscopy and indirect fluorescent-antibody techniques, E. coli strain 1056 was detected in absorptive epithelial cells, resembling invasive E. coli and shigella infections of other species. Ileitis did not progress to epithelial cell hyperplasia, which is characteristic of proliferative ileitis of hamsters. A control group of 10 hamsters, inoculated with nonenteropathogenic E. coli isolated from a normal hamster, did not develop signs or lesions. PMID- 7014462 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for plasma betamethasone. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for plasma betamethasone was developed using betamethasone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate as a labelled antigen and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside as a fluorescence substrate. The performances of the enzyme immunoassay were compared with that of a radioimmunoassay using 3H-betamethasone and the same antiserum. The minimal detectable level for the enzyme immunoassay was 0.15 pg/tube or 0.15 ng/ml of plasma, which was remarkably more sensitive than the radioimmunoassay level of 10 pg/tube or 2 ng/ml of plasma. The specificity was sufficient, in particular, the cross reactivity of cortisol as 0.008%. However, the precision of the enzyme immunoassay was inferior to that of the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7014463 TI - Ecology and nature of immunoglobulin A1 protease-producing streptococci in the human oral cavity and pharynx. AB - The identity and proportional distribution of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease producing streptococci in the oral and pharyngeal microflora were studied. A collection of 459 streptococcal strains, including reference strains of Streptococcus species, and fresh isolates from human dental plaque and buccal and pharyngeal mucosa were identified by biochemical means and were examined for IgA1 protease production. IgA1 protease production was demonstrated in some, but not all, strains of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitior and in a group of strains of uncertain taxonomic affiliation. The property was not associated with particular biotypes within the two species. Strains of S. sanguis and S. mitior isolated from Macaca fascicularis also cleaved human IgA1. A significantly different proportion of streptococcal populations in different ecosystems produced IgA1 protease. The enzyme was released by 62.7% of streptococcal isolates from buccal mucosa in contrast to only 7.8% from pharyngeal mucosa. In samples from initial and mature dental plaque 38 to 40% of streptococcal isolates produced IgA1 protease. This difference was largely a result of the frequency by which IgA1 protease activity was present in S. mitior, the predominant streptococcal species in all samples. Among otherwise identical isolates of S. mitior, 67.8% from buccal mucosa in contrast to only 5.9% from pharyngeal mucosa produced IgA1 protease. The results indicate that IgA1 protease may confer an ecological advantage to streptococci colonizing surfaces exposed to a secretory IgA-mediated selection pressure. PMID- 7014464 TI - Protective immunity against murine candidiasis elicited by Candida albicans ribosomal fractions. AB - Candida albicans ribosomes were prepared from mechanically disrupted cells through differential centrifugation and purification in a sucrose-ammonium sulfate solution. The ribosomes were analyzed chemically and physically and exhibited characteristics of eucaryotic ribosomes (78S). ICR female mice were immunized with two subcutaneous inoculations, 2 weeks apart, of 100 microgram of ribosomes (expressed as ribosomal protein). Immunized mice were challenged either intraperitoneally or intravenously with a lethal dose of live C. albicans cells. The 31-day survival rate of immunized mice challenged intraperitoneally was 64% (mean value) versus 27% in controls; in intravenously challenged mice the survival rate of the immunized animals was about 60%, with no survivors among the controls. In intravenously challenged mice, incomplete Freund adjuvant enhanced the protection elicited by the ribosomes. Protection by ribosomal immunization was obtained against challenge doses causing chronic and acute infection. PMID- 7014465 TI - Vascular permeability activity of botulinum C2 toxin elicited by cooperation of two dissimilar protein components. AB - Botulinum C2 toxin has vascular permeability as well as lethal activities. Both activities are elicited by cooperation of two dissimilar protein components, designated components I and II, which individually have very low activities. The vascular permeability activity of C2 toxin, demonstrated as blueing response after intravenous injection of Evans blue, was markedly enhanced by treatment with trypsin and was abolished by neutralization with either anti-component I or II serum. Inflammatory reactions, such as edema, congestion, and hemorrhage, were found at the site of intradermal injection of trypsinized C2 toxin. No vascular permeability activity was demonstrated by the intradermal injection of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum types A through F. These results indicate that C2 toxin has a novel biological activity, which is not possessed by the neurotoxin elaborated by C. botulinum types A through F. This suggests that C2 toxin causes lethality in a different way from that of botulinum neurotoxin, which is known to inhibit the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7014466 TI - Interference of secretory immunoglobulin A with sorption of oral bacteria to hydroxyapatite. AB - The potential of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) to interfere with the initial phase of dental plaque formation was studied by using an in vitro method which permits the quantitative determination of the sorption of radiolabeled oral bacterial cells to hydroxyapatite (HA) beads. The importance of specific S-IgA antibodies was evaluated by a comparison of the effect of pure preparations of colostral S-IgA, polymeric myeloma IgA, or preabsorbed S-IgA. Specific antibody molecules bound at the HA surface significantly enhanced the sorption of two Streptococcus sanguis strains. In contrast, HA-bound S-IgA antibodies inhibited the sorption of Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus salivarius. The same was true for Streptococcus mutans cells, but only when they were propagated in the absence of sucrose. Suspended in saliva, cells of all streptococcal species adhered in significantly lower numbers to HA. Comparative experiments with bacteria suspended in solutions of various preparations of IgA or immunoglobulin deficient salivas with S-IgA or myeloma IgA added indicated that the adherence inhibition seen with S. Sanguis, S. mitior, S. salivarius, and glucose-grown S. mutans was partly attributable to functions of S-IgA antibodies. Under the in vitro conditions of the study, S-IgA antibodies had no effect on the sorption of sucrose-grown S. mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii to HA. The results indicated that S-IgA can interfere with the sorption of some oral bacteria to HA by several different functions. PMID- 7014467 TI - Evidence from a carbohydrate incorporation assay for direct activation of bone marrow myelopoietic precursor cells by bacterial cell wall constitutents. AB - The stimulation of incorporation of [3H]galactose into membrane glycoconjugates, measured in a precipitation test, was used as a criterion for activation of bone marrow cells. In this assay, purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and murein monomer and dimer fragments all activated rat bone marrow cells in vitro. The response was dose dependent, followed a defined time course, and was not serum dependent. O-Acetylated murein dimer fragments from Proteus mirabilis were much less active than their unsubstituted counterparts, indicating a structural specificity for murein activation. Removal of adherent and phagocytizing cells from the marrow suspensions did not alter these results. The labeled, activated cells constituted a distinct population of buoyant density 1.064 to 1.069 g/cm3 when centrifuged on a continuous gradient of Percoll. Enrichment of the target cell population was achieved by a combination of adherent cell removal and discontinuous density gradient centrifugation to remove granulocytes and erythropoietic cells. It was concluded that a population of myelopoietic precursors could be activated by direct contact with bacterial cell wall constituents. The stimulation of galactose incorporation was not coupled to active deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the marrow cells. Thus, the activation was interpreted as an induction of differentiation rather than a mitotic event. PMID- 7014468 TI - Opsonization of encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans by specific anticapsular antibody. AB - Antisera prepared in rabbits against either whole encapsulated cells of Cryptococcus neoformans or purified cryptococcal polysaccharide were opsonic for the encapsulated yeast. The opsonic activity was removed by absorption with whole cryptococci and was inhibited by free polysaccharide. As little as 0.13 microgram of cryptococcal polysaccharide produced a 50% inhibition of opsonization. Various degrees of neutralization by polysaccharides from the four cryptococcal serotypes suggested that the opsonins were type specific. Fractionation of antiserum on Bio Gel A-5m (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and diethylaminoethyl cellulose showed that the opsonins were antibodies of the immunoglobulin G class. These opsonizing antibodies did not require heat-labile serum components for optimal phagocytosis of the yeast. Inhibition studies using 2-deoxy-D-glucose demonstrated that ingestion of encapsulated cryptococci opsonized with anticapsular antibody was a 2-deoxy-D-glucose-inhibitable process. This result differed from similar studies with non-encapsulated cryptococci which showed that ingestion of non-encapsulated cryptococci opsonized with normal serum was not inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. PMID- 7014469 TI - Hyaluronate capsule prevents attachment of group A streptococci to mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The antiphagocytic properties of the streptococcal hyaluronic acid capsule were explored in a system in which binding of the organism to the phagocyte, but not ingestion, could occur. The capsule was found to be highly effective in preventing attachment of two strains of group A streptococci to mouse peritoneal macrophages. Variation in attachment with phase of growth in broth culture (low in early log phase, high in late-log phase and thereafter) could be accounted for by production and subsequent loss of capsule. Hyaluronidase treatment removed the capsule and increased adherence; treatment with proteolytic enzymes removed M protein and decreased resistance to phagocytosis in whole human blood but did not remove the capsule or increase adherence to the mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7014471 TI - History of anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery. PMID- 7014470 TI - Influence of oxygen on respiration and glucose catabolism by Treponema pallidum. AB - Oxygen consumption by Treponema pallidum was observed to be glucose dependent. Treponemes consumed O2 to a low dissolved O2 concentration of 0.01 mumol of O2 per ml when respiration ceased. A fermentative degradation of glucose occurred during the maintenance of treponemes at 0.01 mumol of O2 per ml. Although the initial rate of respiration was independent of the dissolved O2 concentration, the respiration rate decreased upon prolonged incubation at 0.20 mumol of O2 per ml as compared with the respiration rate at 0.7 mumol of O2 per ml. Oxygen was determined to be the major electron acceptor during the oxidative metabolism of glucose. Acetate formation paralleled the respiration rate of the treponemes, whereas lactate production appeared to be independent of respiration. Accumulation of pyruvate occurred at 0.20 mumol of O2 per ml but not at 0.07 mumol/ml. Analyses of enzyme activities in cell-free extracts from treponemes maintained at either 0.07 or 0.20 mumol of O2 per ml for 4 h revealed a loss of pyruvate decarboxylase activity at the higher dissolved O2 concentration, suggesting the inactivation of pyruvate oxidase. PMID- 7014472 TI - Postoperative management: ventilation. AB - The major pulmonary disturbance after pediatric cardiac surgery consists of a loss of lung volume with an increase in extravascular lung water. Therapy is aimed at restitution of functional residual capacity with positive air-way pressure, with or without mechanical ventilation. After major corrective surgery, mechanical ventilation allows the patient to adjust to the altered circulatory physiology while decreasing the work of breathing. The technique of intermittent mandatory ventilation allows a smooth change from ventilatory support to spontaneous respiration. PMID- 7014473 TI - Cardiac catheterization indications, techniques, interpretation, and complications. AB - In pediatric patients with congenital or acquired heart disease, cardiac catheterization and visual contrast studies provide a complete hemodynamic, functional, and anatomical picture of the patient's abnormality. The information obtained must be interpreted in light of the patient's history and clinical findings, together with other information obtained by noninvasive techniques. The procedure should be undertaken only after careful planning, yet the approach should be flexible, so that an alternate direction may be pursued should the unexpected be found. Each piece of information should be collated in step-wise fashion until the entire situation is clarified. Such procedures provide a wealth of information on which the cardiologist can base recommendations for continued medical management or surgical intervention. PMID- 7014474 TI - Monitoring of temperature during anesthesia. PMID- 7014475 TI - Monitoring the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7014476 TI - Induction of IgM immunological memory to lipoteichoic acids in rabbits. Part I. AB - Intravenous immunisation of rabbits with 10(9) lactobacillus fermentum cells elicited a response, specific for lipoteichoic acid (LTA), detectable as IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen by day 2 and as thiol-sensitive 19s antibodies in sera by day 3. Direct PFC responses peaked at day 6, with no indirect PFC demonstrable at the time. Specific IgG PFC appeared after 14 days. A second intravenous injection 5 weeks later induced a 10-fold higher IgM PFC response to LTA which reached a maximum on day 4. An enhanced specific IgG PFC response was also observed. Serum analysis showed further evidence of the anamnestic IgM response to LTA. The results are discussed in terms of the T dependence of the LTA immunogen. PMID- 7014477 TI - Development of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in guinea pigs following infection with Nocardia asteroides. PMID- 7014478 TI - Clinical efficacy trial: theophylline vs (dl) 3,7-dihydro-1,8-dimethyl-3-(2 methylbutyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione. AB - The authors give a synopsis of the results of a clinical efficacy trial involving a comparison of a new synthetic xanthine derivative (CK 0383) and theophylline, with emphasis on the prevention of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) by both theophylline and the new drug. Although the results are quite preliminary, being based on only five cases, the authors are continuing this study due to findings that show CK 0383 has a good bronchodilating activity without any important side effects. PMID- 7014479 TI - Acute effect of furosemide on Na and K excretion fractions in patients with allotransplanted kidney. AB - The acute effect of 20 mg i. v. furosemide on the excretion fraction (EF) of osm, Na, K, and urea was investigated in groups of 32 patients with chronic renal disease and 20 with renal allograft. In renal patients furosemide elicited comparably high increment (delta) of EF osm, Na, and K in both the stage of renal insufficiency and at normal Cin. In transplant patients, the delta EFosm increased in linear relationship to increasing Cin. The different response seems to be attributable to the significance of the correlation of delta EFk to delta EFosm, resp., delta EFNa. The results indicate that in transplant patients the acute effect of furosemide on tubular transport of solutes increases with increasing GFR. This finding could be explained by the influence on potassium excretion. PMID- 7014481 TI - Pancreatic glucagon response to glucose in obesity with normal and impaired carbohydrate tolerance. AB - Pancreatic glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) secretion patterns were studied in obese subjects with normal (n = 7), borderline (n = 5) and pathological carbohydrate tolerance (n = 11), as well as in 19 non-obese healthy controls without a family history of diabetes, by means of a 2-h glucose infusion (12 mg/kg/min), primed by an initial injection of 0.33 g/kg glucose. With regard to the insulin secretion all obese groups were characterized by a significant hyperinsulinaemia during the late secretion phase, whereas the early insulin response ( delta IRI-area 0-5 min) was significantly reduced in obesity with pathological carbohydrate tolerance. There was no significant differences in fasting IRG levels among controls (29.7 +/- 6.1 pmol/l) and pathological glucose tolerance (31.2 +/- 4.6 pmol/l). In addition, absolute IRG levels and the IRG concentration pattern during glucose infusion were comparable in all groups confirming no alpha-cell resistance to glucose suppression in obesity, irrespective of normal or impaired carbohydrate tolerance. The molar IRI-IRG ratio was significantly increased during glucose infusion in all obese groups reflecting a relative anabolic state. There were no correlations between IRG secretion and relative body weight, glucose tolerance or insulin response to glucose. PMID- 7014480 TI - Lengthening osteotomy of the fibula to correct a widened mortice of the ankle after fracture. AB - The subtle diagnosis of widening of the mortice requires special radiographs which also make possible the recognition and extent of shortening of the fibula. With the help of a special compression/distraction device, a lengthening osteotomy can be carried out more easily then by conventional means. a reconstructive lengthening osteotomy of the fibula in cases of widening of the mortice is well worth while when there is absent or minimal osteoarthritic change, irrespective of the time from the original injury. PMID- 7014482 TI - Topochemically related hormone structures. Synthesis of partial retro-inverso analogs of LH-RH. AB - The syntheses of five partial retro-inverso luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogs [g-Tyr5, m-Gly6]LH-RH, [g-Tyr5-r-Gly6, R,S-m-Leu7] LH-RH, [g-p Glu1, m-His2]LH-RH, [g-p-Glu1-r-D-His-R,S-m-Trp3]LH-RH, and [g-Pro9-propionyl-des Gly10]LH-RH, have been accomplished by solution methods. The choice of sequence to be reversed was based on suggested biodegradation mechanisms of LH-RH. A (gem) diamino alkylidene residue, which was produced via Curtius rearrangement of a peptide segment, and a 2-substituted malonyl residue mark the initiating and terminating site, respectively, of the reversed sequence. PMID- 7014483 TI - Preparation and some chemical characteristics of milk-clotting protease from Bacillus mesentericus 76. AB - Pure milk-clotting protease (MCP-76) is isolated by isotachophoresis at pH 5.0. The native molecule has only one protein chain. It is a metaloenzyme containing zinc. The pure MCP-76 has a molecular weight of 33 000 (+/- 1500) and by diphenyl indenonyl-isothiocyanate method showed arginine as N-terminal amino acid. PMID- 7014484 TI - Synthesis of the dodecapeptide-alpha mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The synthesis of His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr, the dodecapeptide alpha-mating factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its Ala2- and Cha2-(beta-cyclohexylalanine) analogs are reported. Peptides were synthesized in solution using a combination of mixed anhydride and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole accelerated active ester coupling procedures. Dilute methanesulfonic acid (0.1 0.2 M) in methylene chloride-formic acid solution was employed to specifically remove the tert.-butoxycarbonyl group in the presence of the benzyloxycarbonyl group. Free peptides were obtained using catalytic transfer hydrogenation with formic acid as the hydrogen donor followed by mild acidolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. The alpha-factor and the Cha2-analog exhibited almost equal ability to cause "shmooing" of a-mating types of S. cerevisiae whereas the Ala2 analog exhibited no activity in this assay. These results differ with structure activity studies reported on the tridecapeptide alpha-factor. PMID- 7014485 TI - [12-asparagine-B] human insulin. An analogue with modification in the hydrophobic core of insulin. AB - The human [12-Asparagine-B] insulin [Asn12-B] insulin) which differs from the parent molecule in that the valine residue at position B12 is substituted by an asparagine residue, has been synthesized by the procedures developed in this laboratory. In stimulating glucose oxidation and lipogenesis the analogue exhibited potencies of 0.19% and 0.14%, respectively, as compared to insulin. In insulin receptor binding [Asn12-B] insulin was found to possess a potency of ca. 0.29% compared to the natural hormone. At high concentrations this analogue is shown to have the same maximal activity in the in vitro assays as the natural hormone. This indicates that despite the low affinity for of the analogue for the insulin receptor, the analogue-receptor complex is fully capable of initiating the series of chemical events that leads to the biological response. It is concluded that the B12 valine contributes greatly in the maintenance of a structure possessing the proper receptor-binding characteristics, but does not have any role in modulating the activity of the hormone-receptor complex. The potency of this analogue by radioimmunoassay is at least 100-fold higher than the in vitro biological assays, indicating that the immunological determinants of insulin can be essentially unrelated to the biological activity of the molecule. PMID- 7014486 TI - The role of myofunctional therapy in speech pathology. PMID- 7014487 TI - That curious book "The Breath of Life" by George Catlin. PMID- 7014488 TI - Leukemic optic neuropathy. AB - The clinical course and ophthalmic manifestations of an eight year old child with acute undifferentiated leukemia and unilateral blindness secondary to leukemic optic nerve head infiltration are described. At autopsy the involved nerve head and peripapillary retina demonstrated massive leukemic cell infiltration and hemorrhagic necrosis. This manifestation of leukemia is quite uncommon and prognosis for life in such cases is poor with existing methods of therapy. PMID- 7014489 TI - Therapeutic usefulness of amitriptyline in spastic colon syndrome. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of amitriptyline in irritable bowel was studied in a cross-over double-blind trial, employing fourteen patients whose symptoms were rated as Class II or worse on an arbitrarily-defined interval scale and who had not benefited from previous trials of anticholinergics, anticholinergic-sedative combinations, and bulk-forming agents. During the study, patients rated their own symptoms and the interviewer rated their symptoms using the same scale. Average scores for the patients while on drug showed significant improvement compared to pre-test level. No placebo or drug carry-over effects could be demonstrated. Inasmuch as amitriptyline is effective in this context at dosages subtherapeutic with regard to depression, the authors suggest that a central (perhaps anticholinergic) mechanism of action is responsible. PMID- 7014490 TI - Noncompliance with post-transplant immunosuppression. AB - Two cases from an adolescent dialysis group are presented to illustrate the limitations of the generally used models of patient compliance and noncompliance with medical treatment. Understanding the noncompliance of these two young men required awareness of their psychological development and of the interpersonal matrix in which they lived. Their noncompliance was the result of a failure to master a transition from dependence to autonomy which probably could not have been predicted in advance, but which might have detected as it developed and might have been avoided through appropriate interventions with the patients and their families. PMID- 7014491 TI - The response of rabbit spleen explants to ionizing radiation. AB - Explants of rabbit spleen, responding to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, were exposed to ionizing radiation at different times in culture. Radiation was found to depress the development of specific haemolysin-producing cells (PFC) at subsequent times, while cells already engaged in haemolysin production were relatively resistant to radiation. The depressing effects of radiation on PFC was most marked at times when the rate of increase of PFC was highest. Recovery from low doses (less than 2 Gy) occurred while higher doses of radiation had persistent depressing effects on the level of PFC. Assessment of synthesis of other macromolecules in these irradiated cultures showed that protein synthesis was highly resistant and DNA synthesis was sensitive like the immune response. Irradiation in hypoxic conditions showed that this protected the tissues from damage by radiation and there were also indications of enhancement of repair of this damage. Finally it was found that the results obtained with these cultures correlated well with previous studies of intact mice. PMID- 7014492 TI - Correlation of hyperthermic sensitivity and membrane microviscosity in E. coli K1060. AB - We have demonstrated a positive correlation between membrane microviscosity and the temperature required to kill E. coli. Batches of cells with differing unsaturated fatty acid (u.f.a.) compositions were prepared from the u.f.a. requiring E. coli K12 mutant K1060. The membrane microviscosity of these cells is estimated from the extent of fluorescence polarization of the probe molecule 1,6 diphenyl-1,3-5,-hexatriene dissolved in the membrane. For the same growth temperature, cells grown in oleic acid (18:1) have a greater microviscosity and u.f.a. content than linolenic acid (18:3) grown cells. the rate of decrease in microviscosity with increasing temperature is correlated with the amount of u.f.a. present in the membrane. From survival curves determined at several hyperthermic exposures, one can interpolate the hyperthermic temperature required to kill 90 per cent of the cells in three hours. These equivalent kill temperatures are directly related to the cell microviscosity. These data support the hypothesis that cell membrane microviscosity plays a critical role in hyperthermic killing. PMID- 7014493 TI - A method for the scrutiny of live mammalian cells in culture and for the measurement of their proliferative ability after x-irradiation. AB - A method is described for the observation of live mammalian cells in culture with an incubated phase-contrast microscope. A sample of plated cells may be watched and their respective capacities to form a colony measured by daily cell counts. The method has first been used to make direct estimations of the plating efficiency of the diploid line of Syrian hamster fibroblasts, BHK 21 C13, and then to observe the response of synchronous samples of these cells to 220 kV X rays. A dose of 1.4 Gy given in Gl has no immediate detectable effect on cell or unclear morphology, and cell capacity to reach post-irradiation mitosis in unimpaired apart from delay. In contrast, after this mitosis is completed, descendant cells from some mitoses retain a normal form and clonogenic capacity, whereas the cells from other mitoses show varying degrees of abnormality and produce either slow-growth or stop-growth (micro-) colonies. PMID- 7014494 TI - Long-term experience with the Mobin-Uddin umbrella. AB - Umbrella filters have been inserted in 56 patients over the last seven years. Indications varied from shock to a huge clot in the major veins. Most of the patients were in Greenfield's Class IV. All were treated with heparin before and after caval filter insertion. There were no deaths, but there were a few complications. the cava were patent during the follow-up period in patients who were on Coumadin therapy. Minimal residual venous stasis was noticed in the legs. The Mobin-Uddin umbrella in a simple and effective means of prevention of pulmonary emboli. PMID- 7014495 TI - A maneuver to improve the shutter mechanism in inguinal hernias. AB - A technique for improving the shutter mechanism in the treatment of inguinal hernias is presented. The lateral leaf of the external oblique is fashioned to accommodate the emerging spermatic cord and is brought to a more posterior plane by suturing it to the inguinal ligament. This supporting flap is anchored to the internal oblique aponeurosis and anterior rectus sheath, keeping the sutures deep to the internal oblique, but superficial to the transverse plane. PMID- 7014496 TI - Modification of the anterior iliofemoral approach to the hip. AB - This paper describes a modified iliofemoral surgical approach to the hip joint performed on 282 patients over a 26-year period. The surgical technique follows the anterior iliofemoral approach except that the lateral "bone overhang" of the iliac crest is osteotomized and dissected distally with the fascia lata to expose the hip capsule. The "six muscle glove" is sharply dissected off the greater trochanter, the hip capsule is opened and surgery is carried out, upon completion of which the operated leg is abducted. The osteotomized iliac crest bone-graft with the attached muscles is reapproximated to its anatomical position and fixed with permanent sutures through five holes drilled through the replaced bone graft and the intact ilium. The closure is rapidly performed, strong, and allows early functional return. Blood loss is relatively slight. PMID- 7014497 TI - Changes in the urinary tract of patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis programme. PMID- 7014498 TI - Hyperosmolar, nonketotic hyperglycaemia and renal allograft function. PMID- 7014499 TI - Radioisotope studies in the diagnosis of acute complications in the post transplantation stage. AB - The possibilities of radionuclide investigations with various labelled compounds (125I- and 131I-hippuran, 99mTc-albumin, 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-citrate, 99mTc-calcium gluconate) in the diagnosis of acute complications of the post-transplantation period are discussed on the basis of observations in 105 recipients in whom acute complications arising in different stages of the post-transplantation period required diagnostic differentiation between various syndromes, i.e. renal arterial or venous thrombosis, ureteral occlusion, failure of ureterocystoanastomosis, acute renal failure, infarct, carbuncle or abscess of the transplant, acute rejection, rupture of the transplanted kidney. The sequence of radionuclide studies in the individual syndromes by means of the gamma-camera and computer processing is set down and the value of these methods in the diagnosis of complications arising in the early or late stage of the post transplantation period are discussed. PMID- 7014500 TI - The relevance of the state of growth and transformation of cells to their patterns of metabolite uptake. PMID- 7014501 TI - Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. PMID- 7014502 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intracellular structures. PMID- 7014503 TI - Cycling in equilibrium or formed from noncycling cell transitions in tissue aging, immunological surveillance, transformation, and tumor growth. PMID- 7014504 TI - On the nature of oncogenic transformation of cells. PMID- 7014505 TI - The cells of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7014506 TI - [Diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7014507 TI - [Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7014508 TI - [Diagnostic problems in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7014509 TI - [Oral diabetes therapy. Possibilities and limits]. PMID- 7014510 TI - [Insulin therapy today]. PMID- 7014511 TI - [Future aspects in diabetology]. PMID- 7014512 TI - [Social medicine problems of diabetics]. PMID- 7014513 TI - [Air transportation of severely ill patients]. PMID- 7014514 TI - Urologic aspects of trichomoniasis. PMID- 7014515 TI - A comparative morphometric analysis of the component tissues of the urethra in young and old female C57BL/ICRFAt mice. AB - Histologic preparations of the urethras of 3 and 30-month-old virgin female C57 mice were stereologically analyzed with a light microscope with an eyepiece grid. Serial sections of entire urethras were stained and divided into ten representative regions; the component tissues of each region were analyzed. There was no significant change with age in the total muscle component in each region. The muscle, however, was divided into two types: muscle with and muscle without the infiltration of collagen fibers. The amount of muscle with collagen infiltration was significantly increased in some regions of the urethra in the 30 month-old group. There was no age-associated significant difference in the vascular or connective tissue components of the urethra. A difference in the glandular component was recorded in one region only, because of change in the ducts of the clitoral glands. We noted differences in the lumen and its epithelium that were attributable to the more open urethral lumen in the young group in certain regions. PMID- 7014516 TI - The microgenesis of some renal calculi. AB - We studied calcium oxalate stone formation in rats in which calculogenesis was induced by a diet deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6). We studied the sequence of stone formation using both a gross specimen transillumination technique, which is described, and histologic methods. A characteristic regional distribution of calculi is described and illustrated. Histologic studies reveal the interstitial site of calcium oxalate microlith formation. The progressive movement of these crystals through the tubular wall into the tubular lumen is described and illustrated. The formation of Randall's plaques is described and illustrated, as is a characteristic "geode" formation in the calyceal fornix. The significance of these findings is discussed and a new concept of stone formation proposed. PMID- 7014517 TI - The role of intravesical polymorphonuclear leukocytes in experimental cystitis. AB - Electron and light microscopic observations were made on experimentally induced cystitis in rats with particular emphasis on the role of polymorphs in the wall of the urinary bladder. Polymorphs appear from the time of invasion of bacteria to the epithelial cells of the bladder, aggregate primarily around infected epithelial cells, which become surrounded and isolated from healthy epithelial cells, and accelerate the desquamation of the infected epithelial cells. In the submucosal layer, all invading bacteria are phagocytized by polymorphs. Although polymorphs found in the intercellular space of the epithelial cells do not show phagocytosis, those that are released into the lumen of the urinary bladder do. PMID- 7014518 TI - The histology of the dorsal, lateral, and medial prostatic lobes in man. AB - The light microscopic characteristics of the dorsal, lateral, and medial prostatic lobes were identified and described in an autopsy and an operative series of 73 and 21 males respectively. Ordinary histologic sections from anatomically defined prostatic lobes and gigant sections through the whole prostate were examined. Each of the three paired lobes had its own light microscopic characteristics. The gigant sections revealed the distribution of the separate lobes. Our findings emphasize that the human prostate cannot be looked upon as a homogenous organ. PMID- 7014519 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition by tumour-associated antigens in human bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7014520 TI - Gastrointestinal side-effects of bromocriptine. PMID- 7014521 TI - A 5-year experience with cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 7014523 TI - Letters to an editor. The William Doolin Memorial Lecture. PMID- 7014522 TI - Pathogenic organisms isolated from faecal specimens at Dublin Public Health Laboratory over a seventeen month period. PMID- 7014524 TI - The limbic system, 1980. PMID- 7014525 TI - Biographical sketches No. 2 -- Laennec. PMID- 7014526 TI - A randomised study of dietary intake in patients undergoing radiation therapy. PMID- 7014527 TI - Biographical sketches no. 4 -- Broca. PMID- 7014528 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7014529 TI - Community-focused health care: introduction. PMID- 7014530 TI - Inverse relationship between immune interferon induction and mitogen effects on the maturation of the primary antibody response. AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is both a potent inducer of immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and suppressor of the murine primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the thymus-dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED), which is structurally related to but antigenically different from SEA, is, in contrast, a poor inducer of IFN-gamma but a potent accelerator of PFC response maturation. SED added to cultures from 0.01 to 1.0 microgram/ml induced profound enhancement of the PFC response on day 3 of culture. SEA caused no acceleration of PFC maturation and suppressed the day 5 PFC response over an equivalent dose range. At the same concentration, SED only poorly induced IFN-gamma, while SEA was a potent IFN-gamma inducer. SED induced DNA synthesis in C57Bl/6 spleen cell cultures but not athymic nude (Nu/Nu) spleen cells, suggesting that SED is a T-cell mitogen. SED was most effective in accelerating PFC maturation and increasing the magnitude of the PFC response when added to cultures at the time of SRBC addition. SED was an equally effective adjuvant for SRBC of both high and low immunogenicity. Thus, two mitogens that are structurally related have diametrically opposite effects on the primary in vitro thymus-dependent antibody response that maybe related to their relative abilities to induce IFN-gamma. These effects could be related to differential activation of T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 7014531 TI - [Importance and indications for Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis in chronic venous insufficiency]. AB - Ultrasonic Doppler-technique is a non-invasive, low-cost method to answer some questions regarding venous flow of leg and pelvis in chronic venous insufficiency. Findings can be evaluated immediately. In the diagnosis of a deep venous obstruction in the lower extremity the reliability of the method decreases from proximal to distal. Compared with X-ray or isotopic phlebography the Doppler technique gives the most accurate results in the examination of pelvic vein flow. The assessment of vein flow is less reliable in the thigh and particularly in the calf. Doppler-technique is also helpful for the detection of incompetent perforator veins of the leg. The results compete with those of phlebography. Systolic blood pressure measurement at the ankle by Doppler-technique is a simple procedure of high value for diagnosing an arterial obstruction of the lower limb. PMID- 7014532 TI - [The Hamburg-Eppendorf University Skin Clinic over a century]. PMID- 7014533 TI - [Pyoderma gangraenosum]. AB - Pyoderma gangrenosum is a relatively rare, destructive, inflammatory disease of unknown cause which may present as a purely cutaneous disorder or may be associated with an underlying internal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, lymphoma and others). Four selected patients are described which reflect the clinical spectrum of this condition; these cases and a review of the literature serve as a background for analysis of pyoderma gangraenosum as an entity and a discussion of its pathogenesis. PMID- 7014535 TI - [Organization of microsurgery in France: application of microsurgery in orthopedics]. AB - Microsurgery in France is organized in a relatively large number of centers. More centers would compromise the results achieved especially in replantation. Teaching and training is given in specialised courses and at universities. Indications for microsurgery in orthopaedics and traumatology are widespread. Large replantations may give excellent results but frequent complications have to be kept in mind, which sometimes are live-threatening. Free or composite grafts of skin, toe, muscles, bone and joints with neurovascular peduncle may be taken into consideration. PMID- 7014534 TI - [Granulomatous allergic reaction of the delayed type to surfen]. AB - In the last five years, a distinct increase of allergic reactions to surfen, a constituent of various insulin preparations, was observed. The allergic reactions were tuberculoid granulomas of the delayed type (type IV of Gell and Coombs). Intracutaneous tests with surfen or surfen-containing insulin preparations confirmed the diagnosis. Dermal infiltrates and mild erythema developed 24 to 96 hours after the injection of insulin. In some patients a post-inflammatory pigmentation was noted. Histological examination of the lesions and the intracutaneous test sites revealed a granulomatous inflammation without signs of foreign body reaction. At present, the cause of the increased incidence of allergic reactions to surfen remains hypothetical. PMID- 7014536 TI - International hemoglobin information center policies - IHIC. PMID- 7014538 TI - The value of simple lipid stains for typing skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Skeletal muscle fibre types can be distinguished rapidly with simple lipid stains. Comparative studies showed that Sudan Black B is superior to Oil Red O for this purpose and that optimum staining is obtained using unfixed section or sections fixed in calcium-glutaraldehyde. Factors that possibly influence the staining reaction, such as freeze-thawing, are considered. The stained lipids were identified by thin layer chromatography. PMID- 7014537 TI - An immunocytochemical investigation of non-neuronal enolase in cerebellum: a new astrocyte marker. AB - Immunohistochemical methods were used to study in the optical and electron microscopes the localization of the so-called 'non-neuronal enolase' (the alpha apha-isoenzyme) in adult mouse cerebellum. Three separate methods, including a novel modification involving sequential incubation with biotin-conjugated sheep anti-rabbit serum and avidin-conjugated peroxidase to reveal tissue-bound specific antibody, gave similar results. The enolase was found exclusively in astrocytes: astrocyte perikaryal cytoplasm and processes were heavily labelled and nuclei were frequently stained. The extensive network of astrocyte processes in the granular layer and white matter and the Bergmann fibres in the molecular layer are readily visualized by these methods. Neither neurons nor oligodendrocytes were found to be labelled. The results are discussed in relation to the possible existence of a hybrid form of the enolase and the biochemistry of cerebellar glial cells. PMID- 7014540 TI - Atelectatic lobe blood flow: open vs. closed chest, positive pressure vs. spontaneous ventilation. AB - We measured lobar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) caused by both absorption atelectasis (AA) and nitrogen ventilation (N2) during conditions of a) open chest and positive-pressure ventilation (PPV), b) closed chest ad PPV, and c) closed chest and spontaneous ventilation (SV) and compared conditions a with b and b with c. In eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs we found that selective hypoxia of the left lower loe (LLL) caused by either AA or N2 resulted in the same percent decrease in the electromagnetically measured LLL blood flow whether the ches was open or closed to whether ventilation was by PPV or SV (range 58.3 65.0%). Whether the chest was open or closed and whether ventilation was by PPV or SV, reexpansion and ventilation of LLL AA with LLL N2 did not change LLL blood flow and indicated that there were no mechanical forces responsible for the decreased LLL AA blood flow. Differences in the degree of hypoxia, magnitude of transpulmonary pressure, and absolute pulmonary vascular pressure between LLL AA and N2 were considered to be minor. We conclude that the mechanism of decreased blood flow to an atelectatic lobe, whether the chest is open or closed and whether ventilation is by PPV or SV, is entirely due to HPV. PMID- 7014539 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in duodenum, kidney, uterus and cerebellum of chickens. AB - Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been localized with the immunoperoxidase method using antiserum against purified chick duodenal CaBP. Different preparative procedures were employed to investigate the experimental conditions possibly responsible for the contradictory reports in the literature of the precise cellular localization of CaBP. Freeze substitution, frozen sections followed by fixation and coagulant and non-coagulant fixatives were used with appropriate control sections to demonstrate that the true localization of CaBP in the chick duodenum is in the absorptive cell cytoplasm. The goblet cell localization reported in the literature seems to be a diffusion artifact due to inadequate fixation. CaBP was also localized in several other tissues. In the hen uterus, the tubular glands beneath the surface epithelium showed intense reaction. In the kidney, CaBP was present in the cells of the straight and convoluted segments of distal tubules. The cortex of the chick cerebellum showed the CaBP in Purkinje cells. The entire dendritic trees contained the reaction product. No other neurons in the molecular or the granular layer were stained. In the deep cerebellar nuclei, all neurons were negative and these were outlined by deeply staining axons of the Purkinje cells and their synaptic endings. PMID- 7014541 TI - Medical records and the law. AB - Practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of health-related conditions are vulnerable to litigation. Courts of law frequently award large settlements to plaintiffs who can convince a jury that the quality of service was less than could be reasonably expected. Court judgments are based on evidence supported by hard facts. Practitioners should maintain an accurate accounting of each case, not only as good business practice but also as evidence in case of litigation. The medical record is an excellent source of such evidence. PMID- 7014542 TI - Tracheal reconstruction by resection and end-to-end anastomosis in the horse. AB - A surgical technique for resection of a portion of the trachea followed by end-to end anastomosis was developed on 4 clinically normal horses. The trachea healed without complications in 3 of the horses in which 3 tracheal cartilages were removed. Five tracheal cartilages were removed from the 4th horse. It had to be euthanatized because of excessive suture line tension and wound disruption, which occurred during recovery from anesthesia. Suture line tension was measured on 3 other clinically normal horses positioned in dorsal recumbency immediately after euthanasia after 3 and 5 tracheal cartilages had been removed and before and after flexion of the neck to 90 degrees. Suture line tension was reduced by approximately 50% when the neck was flexed. Similarly, the force required to appose the cut ends of the trachea was nearly doubled when 5 rather than 3 tracheal cartilages were removed. The surgical technique was performed on 1 horse and 1 pony with partial obstruction of the trachea. In the pony, 5 tracheal cartilages were resected. It was able to return to successful show competition. In the horse, 4 tracheal cartilages were removed. This horse died of complications resulting from bilateral hindlimb myositis, but the tracheal anastomosis was intact, sealed, and healing well. PMID- 7014543 TI - The ecology of chloramphenicol-resistance in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in calves with endemic salmonella infection. PMID- 7014544 TI - Resistance of Serratia marcescens to hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7014545 TI - Transmission of Salmonella typhimurium among feedlot cattle after oral inoculation. PMID- 7014546 TI - A novel method of assaying antimicrobial agents by particle microelectrophoresis. PMID- 7014547 TI - Two new tests for differentiating between strains of Campylobacter. PMID- 7014548 TI - Effects of the human intestinal flora on germ-free mice. PMID- 7014549 TI - Dr. Harvey Wiley's brainchild, 75 years later. PMID- 7014550 TI - Clinical experience with monocomponent insulins in management of diabetes mellitus-- a preliminary report. PMID- 7014551 TI - Ambulatory monitoring--its technique and utility in management of cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 7014552 TI - Systemic Weber Christian disease (relapsing febrile nodular non-suppurative panniculitis). PMID- 7014553 TI - New concepts on the role of ubiquinone in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. AB - Ubiquinone participates in the oxidation-reduction reactions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In addition, this molecule possesses the necessary properties to function as a hydrogen carrier, thereby stoichiometrically coupling proton translocation to respiration by a direct chemiosmotic mechanism. This review discusses recent experimental evidence and new concepts relating to ubiquinone function in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Emphasis is placed on possible protonmotive mechanisms of ubiquinone function, recent evidence implicating stable forms of ubisemiquinone in the respiratory chain, and properties of the ubiquinone molecule which may relate to its biological function. PMID- 7014555 TI - Accumulation of the prolipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane caused by benzyloxycarbonylalanine chloromethyl ketone. AB - Benzyloxycarbonylalanine chloromethyl ketone (Z-Ala-CH2Cl) was found to inhibit the processing of the prolipoprotein, a secretory precursor of the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. The accumulation of the prolipoprotein in the presence of Z-Ala-CH2Cl was observed both in vivo and in vitro. Z-Ala-CH2Cl did not inhibit the processing of precursors of the other major outer membrane proteins. A preliminary experiment to identify the processing enzyme(s) of the prolipoprotein was carried out with use of Z-[3H]Ala-CH2Cl and revealed that two cytoplasmic membrane proteins with Mr = 78,000 and 46,000 were predominantly labeled. PMID- 7014554 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of an inactive mutant aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli. AB - A mutant aspartate transcarbamoylase, ATCase231, has been crystallized at neutral pH. The mutant enzyme has a single substitution of aspartic acid in place of glycine within the catalytic chain and shows not only the loss of enzyme activity but also marked changes in the chemical reactivity of several amino acid residues and weakening of interaction between regulatory and catalytic subunits. Despite these differences, the mutant enzyme crystals have the same space group and cell parameters as the wild type crystals grown at pH 5.9. PMID- 7014556 TI - Peptide toxins from Conus geographus venom. AB - Three homologous toxic peptides which cause postsynaptic inhibition at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction have been purified from the venom of the marine snail Conus geographus. Their amino acid sequences are: (formula see text) The biologically active peptides are monomeric, with internal disulfide bonds. PMID- 7014557 TI - Insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transport systems in the isolated rat adipose cell. Time course, reversal, insulin concentration dependency, and relationship to glucose transport activity. PMID- 7014558 TI - Protein degradation in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Further evidence for the regulation of protein degradation by amino acids. AB - Intracellular protein degradation was measured in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes by the loss of radioactivity from proteins pulse-labeled in culture with L-[U-14C]valine. The fractional rate of protein degradation of total protein measured over 18 h was similar to the rate in vivo. The fraction rate of protein breakdown was altered significantly by varying the composition of the chase medium from a balanced salts medium (high rate of protein degradation) to a more complete medium (lower rate of protein degradation). Whereas the vitamin component of the complete medium had some effect, the major portion of the inhibition of protein degradation was due to the essential amino acids in the medium. This inhibition was found to depend on the presence of methonine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, the latter two of which appear to be primarily responsible. The observed rate of protein breakdown was a function of the level of amino acids in the medium when they were varied in the physiological range for rat plasma. Our results suggest that the regulation of protein degradation by essential amino acids may be physiologically important in maintaining intracellular amino acid pools when the exogenous supply of amino acids is diminished. PMID- 7014559 TI - The control of sterol synthesis during development of rabbit mammary gland. AB - A 9-fold increase in the rate of conversion of [14C]-acetate to nonsaponifiable lipids was seen on culturing explants of pregnant rabbit mammary gland in the presence of insulin, prolactin, and cortisol. Stimulation of [3H]mevalonate into nonsaponifiable lipid was 3-fold under the same conditions. With both substrates activities were maximal after 24 h in culture. Incorporation of acetate into saponifiable lipid was stimulated 20-fold after 24 h and almost 50-fold after 48 h in the presence of hormones. Radioactivity from [3H]mevalonate was incorporated into saponifiable lipid after 48 h in culture with hormones suggesting an active trans-methyl-glutaconyl shunt at this time. Changes in the rate of acetate conversion to nonsaponifiable lipid correlated well with the activity of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in the glands of mid-pregnant and mid-lactating rabbits. Enzyme activity rose from 3.3 pmol/min/mg of 100,000 X g pellet protein in the mid-pregnant gland to an apparent value of 15.6 pmol/min/mg of 100,000 X g pellet protein in the lactating gland. When corrected for the very high content of milk protein in this 100,000 X g pellet, the HMG-CoA reductase activity was 36-fold greater in lactating compared to pregnant mammary gland. Hepatic reductase in both pregnant and lactating animals was approximately 25 pmol/min/mg of microsomal protein. This increase in capacity for sterol synthesis in mammary gland during the transition from pregnancy to lactation suggests that this tissue could synthesize a major proportion of milk sterol. PMID- 7014560 TI - On the mechanism of ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Evidence for 3' C--H bond cleavage. AB - The 3' carbon-hydrogen bond of [3'-3H]uridine 5'-triphosphate is is cleaved during its conversion to 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate catalyzed by Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase. A selection against 3H of approximately 1.8 is observed on this reduction. During the course of this reaction, no 3H is released to the solvent, and no 3H is recovered in reisolated coenzyme B12. Incubation of [3'-2H]uridine 5'-triphosphate with enzyme resulted in production of 2'-deoxy[3'-2H]uridine 5'-triphosphate. PMID- 7014562 TI - Assessment of fractional rates of protein synthesis in cardiac muscle cultures after equilibrium labeling. AB - Protein synthesis, accumulation, and breakdown were examined in growing cultures of contractile embryonic chick heart cells, and the fractional synthetic rates of several individual proteins were compared. Fractional rates of protein synthesis were evaluated with a procedure that combined equilibrium and pulse labeling for determination of specific radioactivities of the precursor in the medium and in proteins isolated by electrophoresis. Kinetic analysis during equilibration of the precursor specific radioactivity with that in labeled proteins indicated that the specific radioactivity of leucine in the culture medium closely approximated that of the immediate reaction precursor for protein synthesis. Protein accumulation and breakdown were evaluated by standard growth and decay kinetics. Fractional protein synthesis rates determined during either short pulse labeling or during continuous labeling to equilibrium were found to be in agreement with independent measurements of protein accumulation and breakdown. We also determined fractional synthetic rates of proteins isolated from cultured heart cells on single and two-dimensional electrophoresis and found the following order of fractional synthesis rates: fibronectin greater than or equal to alpha-actinin greater than myosin heavy chain = tropomyosin = myosin light chains greater than 55,000-dalton proteins (desmin and tubulin) greater than or equal to actin. The half-lives of these proteins ranged from T 1/2 = 1.1 days for fibronectin and 2.0 days for myosin heavy chain to 4.7 days for actin. PMID- 7014561 TI - Tetranitromethane modification of the tyrosine residues of the lactose repressor. AB - Repressor protein modified with N-ethylmaleimide has been used to determine the exclusive effects of tyrosine nitration by tetranitromethane. Since modification of proteins with tetranitromethane generally results in both cysteine oxidation and tyrosine nitration, N-ethylmaleimide has been used to protect the cysteines in the repressor against oxidation in subsequent tetranitromethane reactions. Nitration of tyrosine residues in repressor previously reacted with N ethylmaleimide results in loss of both specific and nonspecific DNA-binding activities. Na2S2O4 reduction of tetranitromethane-modified protein restores partial operator DNA-binding and complete nonspecific DNA-binding capability. Residues primarily affected are tyrosines 7 and 17, which are both in the NH2 terminus. Inter- and intramolecular cross-links which are observed in the modified protein can be minimized by altering reaction conditions; the cross links present occur between sites located in the NH2 termini. Modification of the core protein also results in loss of the operator DNA-binding capacity, and subsequent reduction restores partial operator-binding activity. Both operator and nonspecific DNA-binding capabilities of the repressor protein are protected by the presence of nonspecific DNA during the tetranitromethane modification, and simultaneously the extent of nitration is decreased. PMID- 7014563 TI - Transketolase kinetics. The slow reconstitution of the holoenzyme is due to rate limiting dimerization of the subunits. PMID- 7014564 TI - Differential compartmentation of leucine for oxidation and for protein synthesis in cultured skeletal muscle. PMID- 7014565 TI - Structure-function relationship in Escherichia coli initiation factors. Identification of a lysine residue in the ribosomal binding site of initiation factor by site-specific chemical modification with pyridoxal phosphate. AB - Incubation of Escherichia coli initiation factor 3 (IF3) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) followed by reduction with sodium borohydride resulted in the selective modification and inactivation of this protein. The ribosomal-binding site (RNA binding site) of IF3 is the target of PLP modification, since (a) the phosphate residue of PLP is required for inactivation; (b) RNA as well as synthetic polynucleotides (especially guanine-containing one) protect IF3 from inactivation; and (c) 30 S, but not 50 S ribosomal subunits, protect IF3 from PLP modification and from inactivation. The incorporation of PLP into IF3 occurred exclusively at lysine residues by reduction of the Schiff bases yielding epsilon (5'-phosphopyridoxyl)lysine. The PLP-modified lysines were identified by amino acid analysis and sequencing of the PLP-modified peptides. Out of the 20 lysines of the factor, only Lys 2, Lys 5, Lys 99, Lys 112, Lys 166, and an unidentified Lys of the central cluster of the molecule (Lys 86, 87, 90, 91, 96) were found to be modified to varying degrees. The incorporation of 3 to 4 mol of PLP/mol of IF3 is accompanied by a substantial (greater than or equal to 80%) inactivation of this protein; the loss of activity follows apparent first order kinetics, and the inactivation results from the modification of just 1 Lys residue. This essential Lys residue was identified by various criteria to be Lys 112. The identification of an "active region" in the IF3 molecule is emerging from this as well as from other chemical modification studies. PMID- 7014566 TI - The binding of 125I-insulin to specific receptors in IM-9 human lymphocytes. Detection of radioactivity covalently linked to receptors. PMID- 7014567 TI - Spectral alterations associated with the ligand-promoted gross conformational change in aspartate transcarbamoylase. PMID- 7014568 TI - Calorimetric estimate of the enthalpy change for the substrate-promoted conformational transition of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7014569 TI - Partial purification from Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a soluble glucosidase which removes the terminal glucose from the oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. AB - Glucosidase activities capable of removing the three glucose residues from Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide were detected in a cell-free preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180. The glucosidase which cleaves the glucose residue at the nonreducing terminus (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase) was equally distributed between the particulate and the supernatant fractions obtained after centrifugation of the yeast homogenate at 27,000 X g for 30 min. The membrane-bound activity was stimulated by Triton X-100, whereas the supernatant activity was not affected. The soluble Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase was partially purified from the supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. It was clearly separated from alpha-glucosidase, which acts onp-nitrophenyl-alpha-D glucopyranoside, but still contained beta-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-D-mannopyranoside, respectively. The Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase had a pH optimum of 6.8, and showed no requirement for divalent cations. The enzyme was very active with glucose-labeled Glc3Man9GlcNAc2, was slightly active with Glc2Man9GlcNAc2, and showed no activity with Glc1Man9GlcNAc2. These properties suggest that this enzyme is involved in the first step of processing of oligosaccharides after transfer from dolichyl pyrophosphate to proteins. PMID- 7014570 TI - Prevention of early reocclusion by dipyridamole and ASA in arterial reconstructive surgery. AB - In this prospective study 364 patients were subjected to different types of arterial reconstructive surgery. The patients were randomly divided into four groups according to the type of antithrombotic medication given. During the hospitalization period there were no reocclusions in the dipyridamole/ASA group of 93 patients compared with 12 reocclusions in the control group of 86 patients. The difference was statistically highly significant. The difference between the control group and the given dipyridamole or ASA was not statistically significant. Dipyridamole and ASA were tolerated well by the patients in this clinical trial. This was the first clinical investigation to prove the effectiveness of dipyridamole and ASA medication in the prevention of reocclusions in arterial reconstructive bypass surgery. PMID- 7014571 TI - Cell-substrate contacts illuminated by total internal reflection fluorescence. AB - A technique for exciting fluorescence exclusively from regions of contact between cultured cells and the substrate is presented. The technique utilizes the evanescent wave of a totally internally reflecting laser beam to excite only those fluorescent molecules within one light wavelength or less of the substrate surface. Demonstrations of this technique are given for two types of cell cultures: rat primary myotubes with acetylcholine receptors labeled by fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin and human skin fibroblasts labeled by a fluorescent lipid probe. Total internal reflection fluorescence examination of cells appears to have promising applications, including visualization of the membrane and underlying cytoplasmic structures at cell-substrate contacts, dramatic reduction of autofluorescence from debris and thick cells, mapping of membranes topography, and visualization of reversible bound fluorescent ligands at membrane receptors. PMID- 7014572 TI - Cytochalasin separates microtubule disassembly from loss of asymmetric morphology. AB - When neuroblastoma cells bearing neurites are incubated with colchicine or Nocodazole, the cytoplasmic microtubules are depolymerized and concomitantly the neurites retract. We report here that cytochalasin separates the two effects of these drugs: it quantitatively inhibits neurite retraction but does not inhibit microtubule assembly. The neurites that remain contain intermediate filaments and actin but are devoid of microtubules. Depletion of cellular ATP also blocks neurite retraction induced by colchicine or Nocodazole, but some assembled microtubules persist under these conditions. The results suggest that neurite retraction is an active cell process. PMID- 7014573 TI - The influence of the microtubule inhibitor, methyl benzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (MBC) on nuclear division and the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Methyl benzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (MBC), at a concentration of 100 microM, has a pronounced effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in the accumulation of cells as large doublets. We have determined a specific execution point for the effect of MBC on the yeast cell cycle, and have shown that this execution point is between the cycle events of spindle pole body duplication and spindle pole body separation. An ultrastructural examination of the MBC-treated cells revealed the absence of cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules. MBC treatment also produced an altered spindle pole body morphology, causing the disappearance of the outer component. Nuclear size was also markedly increased in the MBC induced doublet cells, although the septa were completely absent from these doublet cells. It is proposed that MBC inhibits microtubule polymerization, rather than causing the depolymerization of stable microtubules. PMID- 7014574 TI - [Conservative surgery of the spleen (author's transl)]. AB - Total splenectomy has been the accepted treatment for splenic abnormalities, especially traumatic conditions, ever since surgery has been employed. Over the last few years, however, there has been the development of a conservative attitude because of improved recognition of long-term complications, and the application of new diagnostic, hemostatic and technical procedures. This has occurred more particularly in children, but also when iatrogenic lesions develop during operation. The risks and results are comparable to those of total splenectomy. PMID- 7014575 TI - Rapid concentration of bacteriophages from large volumes of freshwater: evaluation of positively charged, microporous filters. AB - Microporous, positively charged Zeta Plus 60 S filters were evaluated for bacteriophage recovery from large volumes of natural water. A variety of phages adsorbed efficiently to the filter medium at water pH levels below neutrality, but adsorption was reduced above pH 7. Adsorbed phages were easily eluted with an arginine/1% beef extract solution, pH 9.0. A concentration procedure suitable for the field isolation of bacteriophages from large volumes of river water was devised. The procedure involves, (1) prefiltration through 10" cartridge depth filters, (2) adjustment of water pH to pH 5.5--6.0, (3) adsorption of the phages on to Zeta Plus 60 S filters, (4) elution of bound phage in a small volume of eluent, (5) secondary concentration by ultrafiltration of the resulting eluates. Using this procedure, bacteriophages in 65 1 of river water was concentrated to 35 ml with recoveries in the range 50--60%. PMID- 7014576 TI - Field-flow fractionation of alkali-liberated nuclear polyhedrosis virus from gypsy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus. AB - Rod-shaped viral particles of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) were obtained through alkaline dissolution of inclusion bodies isolated and purified from infected hosts. The liberated viral fraction contains a wide assortment of enveloped aggregated forms as well as enveloped monomers. This complex mixture was separated by means of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (sedimentation FFF) to give a mass spectrum of the separated particles. From the elution pattern effective molecular weights could be assigned to the various resolved components. Through electron microscopy it was possible to characterize the components as monomers, dimers, etc. In parallel experiments the same viral mixture was separated by the more commonly used density gradient sedimentation technique. The two methods are compared as to time and convenience of manipulation, as well as to the amount of physicochemical information that can be extracted from each separation. The mixture of aggregate viral structures was dialyzed against a nonionic detergent solution. Sedimentation FFF of the dialysate revealed a uniform population of non-enveloped particles with no effective molecular weight which was lower than that of the initial monomer fraction. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that this lower molecular weight fraction did indeed contain rod-like structures which were thinner than the initial enveloped monomers indicating that most if not all of the enveloped material had been removed from the viral rod structures. PMID- 7014577 TI - Detection of monoclonal influenza antibodies synthesized in culture by hybridoma cells with a solid-phase indirect immunofluorometric assay. AB - A solid-phase indirect immunofluorometric assay for measuring reactions of mouse monoclonal antibodies with antigen has been developed, with influenza virus as a model. Purified IgG from hyperimmune rabbit sera is covalently linked to polyaminostyrene beads, to which influenza viruses are then bound immunologically to make solid-phase antigens. Alternatively, the virus is covalently coupled directly to the beads. Mouse antibodies, produced by hybridoma cells in culture, are reacted with constant amounts of solid-phase antigens, and then indirectly quantitated by adding FITC-labeled antimouse Ig and measuring the fluorescent intensity with a filter-fluorometer. The assay system permits rapid screening for low levels of antibodies synthesized by hybridoma cells in culture. It is about 25- to 150-fold more sensitive than hemagglutination inhibition tests in detecting monoclonal antibodies reactive with influenza virion HA protein. PMID- 7014578 TI - A simple and rapid microassay for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus. AB - A microassay, using tissue culture microplates for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus by syncytium formation, is described. Virus titers obtained agreed well with those obtained in a larger assay system; the microassay, however, is more rapid and economical. Large numbers of virus samples are easily and rapidly processed as the assay necessitates an incubation period of only three days. PMID- 7014579 TI - The clinical relevance of the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc): a review. AB - The antibody against the core component of the Dane particle (anti-HBc) is generally detected in the sera of individuals with acute type B hepatitis and in chronic HBsAg carriers. While the serological demonstration of HbsAg with or without anti-HBc indicates continued replication of viral antigens, the co occurrence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc is considered a marker of recent HBV replication. The demonstration of anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is in agreement with at least four different states of HBV infection. As this pattern indicates persistent HBV infection in some cases and recovery from an acute type B hepatitis in others, current efforts focus on further characterization of this pattern, using additional test methods such as anti-HBe and anti-HBc of the IgM class. PMID- 7014580 TI - Improved Hepanostika, an enzyme-immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Two modifications of Hepanostika were studied in order to improve this enzyme immunoassay with regard to duration of the test, sensitivity and reading of test results. Test conditions and composition of some components of the test system were modified. With the first modification the test could be performed within 3 h and was about 3X as sensitive as Hepanostika. However, this method was less specific than Hepanostika and it was not suitable for routine screening. A second modification was studied with two differently prepared conjugates. The duration of the test was less than 4 h and the sensitivity was at least twice that of Hepanostika. The test results could be measured directly with a suitable photometer. Preliminary results with more than 500 deep-frozen donor sera showed that the specificity was acceptable with a number of false positives being less than 2%. PMID- 7014581 TI - Rapid detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs by enzyme-immunoassay. AB - Enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for HBsAg is a reliable method with third generation sensitivity. Using a mechanized system for washing and reading and computerized data processing, subnanogramme amounts of subtypes ad and ay could be detected in approx. 5.5 h. Using EIA-kit reagents and an HGsAg 'standard', anti-HBs could conveniently be detected. Sensitivity comparisons with dilution series of the WHO anti-HBs standard showed RIA to be 8--128 times more sensitive than EIA for anti HBs. However, similar percentages of positives were found in a patient population, and discrepancies were found between RIA and EIA results which cannot be explained on the basis of sensitivity differences only. A careful examination of the specificity of EIA and RIA is indicated. PMID- 7014582 TI - Status and significance of testing for hepatitis B surface antigen and surface antibody. AB - Following Blumberg's discovery of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), many attempts have been made to develop several in vitro diagnostic techniques for the detection of this antigen and its homologous antibody. The two-dimensional micro Ouchterlony immunodiffusion has been the first technique used, rapidly replaced by procedures of increasing sensitivity characterized as second-generation and the currently available third-phase tests which include radioimmunoassay (RIA), reverse passive haemagglutination (RPHA), reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Among these, RIA appears to be the most sensitive and specific, whereas EIA, RPHA and RPLA have the advantage of long shelf-life of stable reagents, no need for sophisticated and expensive equipment and no hazard associated with the handling of radioactive isotopes. Moreover, the sensitivity of EIA should increase by objective reading with a colorimeter. The most sensitive method for the detection of surface antibody (anti-HBs) is again RIA, whereas passive haemagglutination (PHA) had the advantage of providing titres. Finally EIA, based on inhibition of a known amount of HBsAg, has at least the same sensitivity as PHA, but has the advantage that reagents are more stable and that it permits screening for both HBsAg and anti-HBs with the same reagents at the same time. The application of these highly sensitive techniques for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs has resulted in a consistent reduction in the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis type B and in a better understanding of the aetiology, epidemiology and natural history of this infection. PMID- 7014584 TI - Concepts and problems in the evaluation of screening programs. PMID- 7014583 TI - Comparison of enzyme-labelled F(ab')2 and IgG conjugates in an enzyme-immunoassay for hepatitis B 'e' antigen. AB - An improved enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of hepatitis B 'e' antigen (HBeAg) and its corresponding antibody is described. The present test is as sensitive as the previous one but it is more specific as demonstrated by testing donor/recipient sera, donor plasmas and patients sera. Interference by antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) did not occur due to the use of HBsAg free reagents. Interference by rheumatoid factor could be avoided by using enzyme labelled F(ab')2 rather than IgG conjugates. The application of an F(ab')2 conjugate, however, introduced other non-specific reactions, particularly in sera from patients with (autoimmune) liver disorder. Further study into the applicability of F(ab')2 conjugates is therefore indicated. PMID- 7014585 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide hypersecretion in diabetes mellitus: effect of sulfonylurea treatment. AB - We studied gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in response to a mixed meal in both adult-onset diabetics and normal controls. The adult-onset diabetic group was also studied for immunoreactive GIP (IR-GIP), insulin, and glucose with a test meal before and after tolazamide therapy. Mean basal and meal-stimulated IR-GIP concentrations were greater (P less than 0.05) in the adult-onset diabetic group than in normal controls. With treatment, mean fasting glucose significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) from 206 +/- 14 to 162 +/- 11 mg/dl, and postprandial glucose concentrations were reduced (P less than 0.05) between 5-180 min. In contrast, after 1 month of treatment with tolazamide, IR-GIP concentrations were not significantly altered. Further, basal and postmeal serum insulin levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) after tolazamide therapy. We conclude that the enteroinsular axis in terms of IR-GIP is overactive in adult-onset diabetics; tolazamide therapy does not appear to effect its meal stimulated response. PMID- 7014586 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of a progestagen-associated endometrial protein in the human decidua. PMID- 7014587 TI - Altered dopaminergic modulation of prolactin and aldosterone secretion in pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - It has previously been demonstrated in our laboratory that patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PsHP) have impaired PRL responses to TRH and chlorpromazine. We have also observed that these patients have low basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and decreased aldosterone responses to upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise. Since inhibitory dopaminergic modulation of PRL and aldosterone is well established, we have examined whether PsHP is associated with altered dopaminergic inhibition of PRL and aldosterone secretion. To investigate this possibility, we compared the plasma PRL, aldosterone, and PRA responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide (MCP; 10 mg iv) in seven normocalcemic PsHP patients and twelve normal controls. These patients were on no medications except calcium and vitamin D for 2 weeks; they were maintained on a diet containing 50 meq of sodium and 80 meq of potassium for 5 days. Although basal PRL levels were similar in the two groups of subjects, the maximal incremental PRL response in PsHP patients (38.7 +/- 12.6 ng/ml) was less (P less than 0.01) than in normal subjects (61.6 +/- 9.6 ng/ml). Basal supine plasma aldosterone was less (P less than 0.01) in PsHP patients (8.0 +/- 1.1 ng/dl) than in normal subjects (13.4 +/- 2.1 ng/dl). Maximum incremental aldosterone response to MCP (8.7 +/- 1.9 ng/dl) in PsHP patients was also less (P less than 0.01) than in normal subjects (13.4 +/- 2.1 ng/dl). Basal supine PRA was lower (P less than 0.05) in PsHP patients (1.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml.h) than in normal subjects (2.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml.h). However, the PRA responses to MCP were similar in both groups. Tonic dopaminergic inhibition of PRL and aldosterone secretion, but not renin secretion, appears to be less pronounced in PsHP patients. This is the first disease state in which reduced aldosterone responses to dopamine antoganism have been observed. Decreased PRL and aldosterone responses to MCP may reflect decreased ambient dopamine levels and/or a reduction in dopamine receptor number or binding affinity. PMID- 7014588 TI - Simultaneous pulsatile release of prolactin and luteinizing hormone induced by luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonist. AB - Subcutaneous injection of 50 microgram long acting agonist of LRF (LRF-Ag) resulted in the prompt, simultaneous pulsatile release of both LH and PRL in four hypogonadal women. After repeated daily administration of LRF-Ag. LH release in response to LRF-Ag was markedly attenuated, and LH pulses were abolished. LRF-Ag induced PRL release was also attenuated but remained pulsatile. These findings demonstrate the dissociation of the LRF-Ag-induced contemporaneous release of LH and PRL and suggest a hypothalamic site of action of LRF-Ag on PRL release. PMID- 7014589 TI - Insulin binding in human pregnancy: comparisons to the postpartum, luteal, and follicular states. AB - We have studied insulin binding to isolated erythrocytes from 28 nondiabetic, pregnant women and have compared these results to similar data obtained in nonpregnant, nondiabetic women. In the nonpregnant subjects insulin binding was 35% higher during the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle as compared to the luteal phase. In the pregnant women insulin binding was comparable to that seen in the nonpregnant women during the follicular phase but was higher than that seen during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Insulin binding was measured in 5 pregnant women during the third trimester and in the postpartum period. In these subjects insulin binding to erythrocytes declined by 31% after delivery. These results demonstrate that erythrocyte insulin receptors are not decreased in normal human pregnancy despite the presence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Providing erythrocyte insulin receptors are reflective of insulin receptors in other tissues in human pregnancy, these findings suggest that some factor exists in pregnancy that modulates insulin receptors in a positive manner and are consistent with the possibility that the insulin resistance in pregnancy is related to a postreceptor abnormality. PMID- 7014590 TI - The effect of glucocorticoids on the insulin receptor: an in vivo and in vitro study. AB - We have studied the effect of glucocorticoid exposure on the insulin receptor of short term cultures of human lymphocytes (IM-9 cells) and the effect of short term administration of these agents to normal volunteers. When cultured human lymphocytes were exposed to 10(-5) M hydrocortisone for 18 h at 37 C, insulin binding increased due to an increase in the number of receptors per cell. The effect had appropriate specificity in terms of concentration and type of steroid used. By contrast, hGH binding to these cells was decreased under similar circumstances of incubation, due to a decrease in the number of hGH receptors per cell. When prednisone (40 mg/day) was given to normal subjects for 3 days, a moderate state of insulin resistance was induced characterized by a modest increase in blood glucose and a more pronounced increase in plasma insulin concentration. Under these circumstances there was no change in tracer insulin binding to peripheral monocytes nor changes in the concentration of insulin necessary to inhibit binding by 50%, the number of receptors per cell or the affinity of the receptor. We conclude that glucocorticoids increase insulin binding in vitro in cultured human lymphocytes but that competing influences in vivo such as increasing circulating insulin concentration, redistribution of cell types in the circulation, and possibly other influences prevent these changes from occurring in circulating monocytes. These findings emphasize the complexity of studying the effects of pharmacological agents on hormone binding. PMID- 7014591 TI - Insulin binding to erythrocytes of normal infants, children, and adults: variation with age and sex. AB - The assay of insulin receptors on erythrocytes requires only small amounts of blood and has made it possible to characterize insulin binding in infancy and childhood. To establish normal insulin-binding criteria, we studied 125I binding to insulin receptors on erythrocytes from a large number of normal subjects, including 15 term deliveries, 45 prepubertal children (aged 2 months-12 yr), 15 adult women, and 15 adult men. Insulin binding to cord erythrocytes was significantly higher at tracer and physiological insulin concentrations than binding to cells from any other age group (P less than 0.001). In the prepubertal children after the newborn period, insulin binding was not related to age or sex and did not differ significantly from the binding to cells from adult women. Erythrocytes from adult males, however, bound significantly higher amounts of insulin than did those from adult women or prepubertal children at all insulin concentrations tested (P less than 0.01). Increased binding to cord erythrocytes appeared to be due to an increase in receptor affinity, while the increased binding in adult males was primarily a result of increased receptor concentration. The data confirm previous reports of increased insulin binding to fetal cells and indicate that erythrocyte insulin binding stabilizes at levels similar to those in adult females by the age of 2 months. The increased binding of insulin to erythrocytes from adult males compared to binding to erythrocytes from children or adult females suggests that androgens may increase erythrocyte insulin binding over prepubertal levels. PMID- 7014592 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion in man is unaffected by glucocorticoids and angiotensin blockade. PMID- 7014593 TI - The effect of fasting on the hormonal response to graded exercise. PMID- 7014594 TI - Gonadal autoantibodies in patients with hypogonadism and/or Addison's disease. AB - The sera from 325 normal individuals, 21 patients with Turner's syndrome, 505 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 15 patients with unexplained ovarian insufficiency, and 37 patients with Addison's disease or serological evidence of adrenal autoimmunity were examined for the presence of gonadal autoantibodies by an indirect immunofluorescent technique using sections of human testis. All 12 patients found to have gonadal autoantibodies also had adrenocortical autoantibodies. These autoantibodies were completely absorbed with powdered adrenal cortex and thus were "steroidal cell" antibodies (SCA), cross reactive with a cytosolic antigen in the steroid-producing cells of adrenal cortex, placental syncytiotrophoblast, Leydig areas of testis, and theca interna/granulosa layer of ovarian follicles. Sera with SCA had reduced titers of adrenal antibodies after repeated absorptions with gonadal or placental tissues, suggesting that adrenal-specific autoantibodies were also present. Sera from patients with only adrenal antibodies had no significant changes in antibody titers after repeated absorptions with gonadal or placental tissues. In conclusion, all gonadal autoantibodies found were SCA. SCA were only found in patients with adrenal autoimmunity, many of whom had hypogonadism. In other patients or in normal individuals, the existence of SCA or gonadal autoimmunity in the absence of adrenocortical autoantibodies must be rare. PMID- 7014595 TI - Urinary excretion of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-like material in children correlation with pubertal development. AB - Immunoreactive LRH (iLRH)-like material has been measured in extracts of urine from normal children and adolescents, adult men and women, and postmenopausal women. The urinary excretion of iLRH-like material was significantly greater in pubertal than in prepubertal subjects and in boys than girls at both stages of sexual maturation [prepubertal males, 3.26 +/- 0.49 ng/24 h (SE; n = 24); pubertal males, 5.94 +/- 1.36 (n = 12); prepubertal females, 1.14 +/- 0.21 (n = 19); pubertal females, 2.85 +/- 0.56 (n = 13)]. In adult males (n = 5) the urinary excretion of iLRH-like material was 7.8 +/- 1.3 ng/24 h, and in adult women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (n = 8) it was 2.9 +/- 0.3. In five postmenopausal women the urinary iLRH-like content was 7.32 +/- 0.92 ng/24 h (P less than 0.01 relative to normal pubertal and adult women). In children the 24-h urinary excretion of iLRH-like material was positively correlated with chronological and bone ages, Tanner stage of genital (male) and breast (female) development, and the urinary excretion of LH and FSH in males. It did not correlate with the urinary excretion of either LH or FSH in females. Carboxymethylcellulose chromatography of extracts of urine from pubertal boys and girls, adult men and women, and postmenopausal women suggested that the iLRH-like material may be the 2-10 fragment of LRH rather than the intact decapeptide. PMID- 7014596 TI - Five-day programmed intraperitoneal insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetic man. AB - This study examined the feasibility of continuous programmed intraperitoneal insulin infusion to maintain glycemic control in insulin-dependent, "C"-peptide negative diabetic man over a 5-day period. The insulin was delivered via a transcutaneous ip catheter from a portable, programmable insulin delivery pump. All 10 diabetic subjects received ip insulin during the day and night, and plasma glucose, free insulin, and C-peptide concentrations were evaluated at 16 intervals throughout each 24-h period. Standard American Diabetes Association recommended diets were provided, and the insulin dosage was adjusted for both premeal glycemia and the quantity of calories ingested. All subjects maintained normal daily activities including attendance at work or school but slept in the Clinical Research Center at night. Our results demonstrate that continuous programmed ip insulin infusion can maintain glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetic man for 5 days. Furthermore, normalization of plasma free insulin profiles can be achieved, with sharp peaks of insulin coincident with the rise in glucose at each meal. We conclude that the peritoneum may be an appropriate insulin delivery site for C-peptide-negative diabetic man. PMID- 7014597 TI - Radioimmunoassay for a progestagen-associated protein of the human endometrium. PMID- 7014598 TI - Relationship between human follicular fluid inhibin F activity and steroid content. PMID- 7014599 TI - Discrepant performance on oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests: the role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide. AB - Analysis of a large study population revealed a group of eight healthy men whose tolerance to oral glucose was markedly greater than their tolerance to iv glucose (disparate group). The physiological basis of the anomalous performance was investigated using a variation of the hyperglycemic glucose clamp technique. This technique allows separation of the effects of hyperglycemia and intestinal insulinotropic factors on B-cell response. The eight subjects with disparate tolerance tests were compared to eight healthy control subjects whose tolerances on the two tests were very similar. The disparate performers showed 1) higher basal circulating gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels, 2) lower immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses to hyperglycemia (iv glucose alone), 3) enhanced GIP response to oral glucose, and 4) enhanced IRI response to oral glucose. These results may be interpreted as indicating a role for GIP in the improved tolerance for oral glucose, although other unknown gastrointestinal hormones could theoretically also be involved. Enhanced release of GIP after oral glucose may compensate for the reduced IRI release in response to hyperglycemia. The mechanism underlying the enhanced GIP response in these studies remains to be explored. It will be of interest to follow these subjects to see whether their anomalous gut beta-cell balance has any long term pathogenetic implications. PMID- 7014600 TI - Synergistic interactions among antiinsulin hormones in the pathogenesis of stress hyperglycemia in humans. AB - We infused epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol in combination into health overnight-fasted subjects in doses designed to simulate changes in severe stress. When all three hormones were infused simultaneously, glucose levels rose above 200 mg/dl in spite of a 100-200% increase in plasma insulin. In contrast, infusion of each hormone individually produced either a mild (less than 120 mg/dl) or a transient elevation in the plasma glucose concentration. With the combined hormone infusion, the increment in plasma glucose was 3-fold greater than the sum of the responses to the individual hormones (P less than 0.001). The marked hyperglycemia in this setting is a result of ongoing glucose overproduction which is stimulated by epinephrine and glucagon and sustained by cortisol. Furthermore, epinephrine (and possibly cortisol) inhibited glucose disposal despite concomitant hyperinsulinemia. In contrast to their effects on glucose regulation, the simultaneous infusion of epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol failed to cause hyperketonemia. We conclude that the combined infusion of epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol produces a greater than additive hyperglycemic response in normal humans. These data suggest that the clinical occurrence of fasting hyperglycemia in a setting of hypersecretion of multiple antiinsulin hormones (stress hyperglycemia) may result, at least in part, from synergistic interactions among these hormones. PMID- 7014601 TI - Angiotensin II is more potent than potassium in regulating aldosterone in cardiac failure: evidence during captopril therapy. AB - Potassium and angiotensin II are major regulators of aldosterone secretion. To assess which of these stimuli is the more potent, we measured aldosterone, potassium, and angiotensin II responses to the oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in five patients with resistant congestive heart failure during digoxin and furosemide maintenance therapy. In spite of a positive cumulative potassium balance and a clear-cut rise in plasma potassium, aldosterone levels in plasma and urine declined in parallel with levels of angiotensin II. When captopril treatment was later withdrawn in three patients, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels increased in parallel, while plasma potassium remained steady. The results show that under these study conditions, angiotensin II is more potent than potassium in regulating aldosterone in patients with heart failure. PMID- 7014602 TI - Blunted pancreatic polypeptide responses in children with obesity of Prader-Willi syndrome. AB - Serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucose responses to meal stimulation were studied in 10 normal weight patients, 13 normal obese patients and 7 patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) associated obesity. Serum and plasma concentrations of PP, glucose, insulin and GIP were obtained at 15 min intervals from 0-180 min. after a 275 K calorie meal. Basal and peak responses of glucose, for patients with PWS were significantly lower when compared to normal or obese controls. Basal and peak insulin responses in PWS were significantly greater than those of the normal controls but still less than those of the obese controls. Basal GIP concentrations in the patients with PWS were significantly less than normals and their peak response was less than the obese control group. No significant differences in basal or peak PP responses were noted between normal and obese controls. All 7 patients with PWS had abnormal PP responses. Five failed to show significant PP release after the stimulation; one had a peak response to 130 pg/ml while the 7th patient (PB) had an exaggerated response to 2000 pg/ml. The 6 patients with low or no response had basal PP values of 62 +/- 12 pg/ml and a mean PP peak response of 78 +/- 15 pg/ml. This observation of blunted PP response in a human model of hyperphagia and obesity parallels the animal models and suggests PP may have a significant role in appetite control. PMID- 7014603 TI - Rapid tube CAMP test for identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B). AB - A rapid CAMP test for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B) is described. Sheep erythrocytes, sensitized by staphylococcal beta-lysin and suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were used to determine the lytic capacity of the neutralized supernatant fluids of 4-h broth cultures of streptococci being tested. A total of 96.2% of 130 group B streptococci gave positive CAMP tests, that is, lysis of the sheep erythrocytes after 10 min of exposure of streptococcal supernatants, whereas none of 381 non group B streptococci tested produced any lysis. The test described provides presumptive identification of group B streptococci within 4 h and eliminates problems of intermediate reactions so that a positive test is indicative only of CAMP factor production. PMID- 7014604 TI - Chemiluminescence-linked immunoassay for detection of mumps virus antibodies. AB - We have developed a simple and sensitive chemiluminescence-linked immunoassay (CLIA) for determining mumps virus antibodies. Luminol molecules were used as markers, and polystyrene balls were used as antigen carriers. The CLIA was compared with an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay and a hemagglutination inhibition test on a total of 40 serum specimens obtained from 29 donors with natural infection or vaccination. There was good correlation between the three methods, and the sensitivity of the CLIA was about 10 times higher than that of the hemagglutination inhibition test, although it was slightly inferior to that of the enzyme-linked fluorescence assay. Moreover, the time course of light emission from the labeled antibody was rapid, and therefore in the CLIA the quantitation of the marker takes only a short time. PMID- 7014606 TI - Hemolytic activity in enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. AB - We screened 223 strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serotypes previously associated with the production of enterotoxin for hemolytic activity, using horse erythrocytes in liquid and in agar media. Thirty-eight were hemolytic. They belonged to nine different serotypes; most (65.8%) belonged to one serotype, O6: H-. Additionally, all 38 strains were specifically assayed for a filterable, heat labile hemolytic activity previously associated with a hemolysin plasmid. A comparison of hemolytic activity and enterotoxicity showed that none of 32 strains hemolytic in both media was enterotoxigenic; 28 of the 32 expressed heat labile hemolytic activity. Four of the six strains hemolytic in only one of the media were enterotoxigenic; none of these six expressed heat-labile hemolytic activity. Of 223 strains, 176 that were of human origin and isolated in the United States were further assayed for three traditionally plasmid-mediated characteristics: heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin, and colonization factors. The interrelationships of these characteristics, including hemolytic activity, may reflect varying degrees of plasmid compatibility. PMID- 7014605 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for titration of Haemophilus influenzae capsular and O antigen antibodies. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was elaborated for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against capsular and O antigens of Haemophilus influenzae. Purified capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide were used as antigens, with optimal coating concentrations being about 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. The antibody content was expressed as the highest serum dilution (-log10) showing an absorbance of 0.2 above the background level. The titers of hyperimmune sera (reference sera) ranged between 5 and 7 -log10. The sensitivity of the method was about 80 ng/ml with regard to anticapsular antibodies and 3 to 5 ng/ml with regard to anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. For detection of antibodies against capsular polysaccharide in sera obtained after primary immunization, ELISA was about 100-fold more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination assay, whereas in hyperimmune sera, ELISA was about 10 fold more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination assay. The sensitivity of ELISA for detecting anticapsular antibodies after primary and booster immunizations was 50-fold higher than that of the bactericidal assay using capsulated bacteria, whereas the sensitivity of the two methods was the same when hyperimmune sera were tested. ELISA performed with lipopolysaccharide as the antigen was about 50- and 150-fold more sensitive than the complement fixation and bactericidal assays tested with noncapsulated variants after primary injection and hyperimmunization, respectively. PMID- 7014607 TI - Hemagglutination typing of Escherichia coli: definition of seven hemagglutination types. AB - A hemagglutination (HA) typing system has been developed for demonstrating and characterizing the mannose-sensitive and mannose-resistant hemagglutinins produced by Escherichia coli isolated from human sources. HA typing is performed by testing CFA agar-grown E. coli cells for HA with human, bovine, adult chicken, African Green monkey, and guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence and absence of mannose. Seven major HA types, designated HA type I through HA type VII, have been defined according to the HA patterns produced by 1,334 test cultures consisting of 33 colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I)-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 37 CFA/II-positive ETEC, 614 isolates belonging to the classical enteropathogenic E. coli, or EPEC, serogroups, 446 non-ETEC, non-EPEC stool isolates, and 204 bacteremia-associated E. coli. Facultatively enteropathogenic E. coli (FEEC) serogroups, which are the causative agents of extraintestinal infections but also sporadic cases of enteritis, comprised 38% of the stool isolates and 91% of the blood isolates examined. Previous observations concerning the HA patterns of CFA-positive ETEC and the EPEC were confirmed. A significant correlation was found between FEEC serogroups and the production of mannose resistant HA with human, monkey, and usually chicken erythrocytes (the HA patterns designated HA type VI). A large majority (80.2%) of the FEEC strains belonging to the most frequently isolated serogroups from cases of bacteremia (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, and O18) produced type VI HA patterns. Stool isolates belonging to these same serogroups were 59.2% positive for HA type VI patterns. In contrast, only 17.4% of the non-FEEC stool isolates and 1.9% of the EPEC isolates belong to HA type VI. Of the blood isolates, the HA type VI phenotype was two times more prevalent among K1-positive E. coli than among K1-negative E. coli, 70.6 versus 31.1%. These results suggest that surface-associated hemagglutinins of E. coli, many of which are known to be fimbriae, should be considered in addition to serotype (O:K:H antigenicity) in the description of isolates. PMID- 7014608 TI - Membrane filter contact technique for bacteriological sampling of moist surfaces. AB - We used a membrane filter contact technique to pick up and grow bacteria from artificially contaminated surfaces. We were able to recover individual colony forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus from a moist agar surface more efficiently with 3- and 5- micron membrane filters than with Rodac plates, velvet pads, velveteen pads, or smaller-pore membrane filters. The effective transfer of bacteria with the 3- and 5-micron membrane filters was 0.96 +/- 0.04 (standard error of the mean) and 0.99 +/- 0.04, respectively, as compared to 0.49 +/- 0.03 for Rodac plates, 0.09 +/- 0.01 velvet pad imprints, 0.05 +/- 0.01 for velveteen pad imprints, 0.27 +/- 0.02 for velvet pad rinses, 0.005 +/- 0.001 for velveteen pad rinses, 0.39 +/- 0.02 for 0.45-micron filters, and 0.85 +/-0.05 for 1.2 micron filters. In addition, the recovery of S. aureus from contaminated bovine muscle surfaces with the 5-microns membrane filter was similar to that of quantitative dilutions of biopsy material and was significantly higher than the recovery from Rodac plates. The 5-microns membrane filters on a paddle recovered 52 +/- 5 CFU/cm2 from artificially contaminated bovine skeletal muscle, the quantitative dilutions of biopsy recovered 69 +/- 5 CFU/cm2, and the Rodac plate recovered 5 +/- 3 CFU/cm2. Sampling of moist surfaces by the membrane filter contact technique is easy to perform and highly efficient; our data suggest that it could be employed for cultures of clinical surfaces such as surgical wounds or burns. PMID- 7014611 TI - Capsular typing of klebsiellae by coagglutination and latex agglutination. AB - A simple method for capsular serotype determination of Klebsiella is described, using staphylococci or latex particles coated by specific antibodies and the supernatant of a bacterial suspension in saline as antigen. These methods may be at least as reliable as other methods and easier to perform and less expensive than other methods. PMID- 7014610 TI - Four methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermenting rods: organisms more commonly encountered in clinical specimens. AB - Four commercial kits, Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT; BBL Microbiology Systems), and Flow N/F (NF), were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 258 gram-negative nonfermentative rods. OF and MT were read after 48 h of incubation, and AP and NF were read after both 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively. Overall, OF correctly identified 51% of strains, with 46% as part (but not first) of a spectrum of identifications (SI), and 3% incorrect species identification. MT yielded 85% correct identification, with 15% SI. Of 126 glucose-positive strains, or those with greater than or equal to 3 positive AP reactions after 24 h, 60% were correctly identified, with 40% SI; incubation for an additional 24 h raised the rate of correct identification to 99%, with 1% SI. A total of 132 strains yield less than 3 positive AP reactions after 24 h and were identified after 48 h only; of these, 82% were correctly identified, with 17% SI and 1% incorrect species identification. NF correctly identified 79% of cultures after 24 h, with 21% SI; corresponding figures after an additional 24 h of incubation were 80% and 20%, respectively. All four commercial methods show promise; OF is easiest to inoculate, but requires extra tests for optimal identification. AP reliably identifies the majority of clinically important nonfermenters, with fairly good species identification of saccharolytic strains after 24 h. MT yields reliable identification of most nonfermenters and has the advantage of flexibility. NF is easy to inoculate, yields satisfactory identification rates, and may be read after 24 h of incubation. PMID- 7014609 TI - Antibiotic resistance in Enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Antibiotic disk susceptibility tests were done on 220 strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serotypes reported in the literature to be associated with the production of enterotoxin. A total of 128 (58%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, sulfa drugs, or chemotherapeutic agents. An analysis of these strains revealed primary, secondary, and tertiary drug resistance patterns that indicated a selective pattern in the formation of multiple drug resistance in E. coli. Resistances to certain antibiotics were more likely to occur in pairs and triads (secondary resistance patterns) that were often combined or coexisted in a single strain of E. coli to produce tertiary drug resistance patterns, conferring drug resistance to five or six different antibiotics. Among enterotoxin associated serotypes, single and multiple drug resistance was less frequently associated with enterotoxin-produced strains than with strains from the same serotype that were not enterotoxigenic. Within the enterotoxigenic E. coli, single and multiple resistance to antibiotics was more frequent in strains producing only heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) than in strains producing only heat labile enterotoxin (LT) or both. The number of resistances to different antibiotics per resistant strain averaged approximately 1.4 for LT plus ST or LT strains, and 3.9 for ST strains and nonenterotoxigenic strains. Phenotypic characterization of 170 strains for four usually plasmid-mediated characteristics showed that the number of antibiotics to which a strain was directly resistant varied with the type and number of plasmid-mediated characteristics present. PMID- 7014612 TI - Co-trimoxazole susceptibility tests improved with separate trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole disks. AB - It is impossible to test accurately bacterial susceptibility to the trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole combination co-trimoxazole with a single combined susceptibility disk. However, a variety of factors still affect the result even when separate trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole disks are used. Experiments with separate disks showed that the optimum conditions for testing the susceptibilities of enterobacteria to these drugs were to flood-seed an agar plate with an inoculum of 10(4) to 10(5) organisms per ml, take off the excess liquid, and place a disk of 1 microgram of trimethoprim and another of 50 micrograms of sulfamethoxazole on the surface of the agar with their centers exactly 25 mm apart. This method not only allowed the determination of resistance but also distinguished synergy. PMID- 7014613 TI - Use of rapid auxanographic procedures for recognition of an atypical Candida. AB - An atypical Candida which can cause diagnostic problems in clinical laboratories has recently been characterized. Assimilation patterns of 29 clinical isolates of an atypical Candida were obtained by the API 30C (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.)., Uni-Yeast-Tek (Flow Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Md.), and dye pour plate auxanographic methods. The low frequency of assimilation of cellobiose, sucrose, and melezitose noted in all of these procedures permitted the early recognition of the atypical character of the isolates. PMID- 7014615 TI - Rapid diagnostic test that uses isocitrate lyase activity for identification of Yersinia pestis. AB - The presence of high levels of isocitrate lyase activity in Yersinia pestis grown on blood agar base medium, as compared with low levels of this enzyme in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, suggested that the differences in the levels of this enzyme could be used for the presumptive identification of Y. pestis. A modified, semiquantitative assay for isocitrate lyase activity is described which requires no expensive instrumentation, utilizes readily available chemicals and substrates, and requires only 20 min for completion. This test yielded positive results with all 108 isolates of Y. pestis tested and negative results with all strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis (68 isolates) and Y. enterocolitica (202 isolates) tested. Less than 2% of the approximately 1,300 non Yersinia isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae and none of the 93 isolates from the family Pseudomonadaceae yielded positive results. We conclude that this test provides for rapid identification of Y. pestis and should be useful in the initial screening of isolates from rodent and flea populations and in the presumptive identification of this organism from suspected cases of human plague. PMID- 7014614 TI - Detection of yeast septicemia by biphasic and radiometric methods. AB - From January 1977 to April 1980 our microbiology laboratory used a commercial biphasic brain heart infusion vented culture method for fungal blood cultures and a commercial radiometric (BACTEC 460, Johnson Laboratories, Cockeysville, Md.) method for bacterial blood cultures. A total of 668 biphasic fungal blood cultures were processed, of which 30 grew yeasts from 19 patients. There were 38,324 BACTEC blood cultures processed for bacteria, of which 184 grew yeasts from 85 patients. The overall detection time for all yeasts averaged 8.3 days for the biphasic method and 2.4 days for the radiometric method. The BACTEC aerobic bottle detected over six times as many yeasts as did the anaerobic bottle. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated yeast in both methods, being detected in an average of 7.7 days in the biphasic method and 1.6 days in the aerobic BACTEC bottle. It is concluded from this study that the radiometric method is far superior to the biphasic method, because (i) it has a shorter detection time, (ii) it can be used simultaneously with bacterial methods, saving blood and money, and (iii) it requires no special or separate media or instructions for yeasts, thus alleviating confusion in the blood collection process. PMID- 7014616 TI - Serotyping of Ureaplasma urealyticum by immunoperoxidase assay. AB - The immunoperoxidase method was applied to the identification of Urea-plasma urealyticum serotypes. The assay used highly diluted antisera and could be run directly on primary plate isolates. It was ideal for detecting and identifying mixed serotypes because stained and unstained colonies could be visualized simultaneously by conventional light microscopy. Antisera run against eight serotypes revealed one-way cross-reactions between serotypes 3 and 5 and antiserum to 2, and between serotype 4 and antiserum to 8, at dilutions of less than 1:150. This cross-reactivity could be diluted out at the optimal antiserum dilution for the immunoperoxidase assay, but not for the growth inhibition assay or immunofluorescence test. The immunoperoxidase assay therefore proved ideal for serotyping U. urealyticum. PMID- 7014617 TI - Evaluation and optimization of urine screening by Autobac. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Autobac (Pfizer Inc., New York, N.Y.) urine screen for detection of bacteriuria in 3,026 urine specimens and to establish the optimum procedure for the Autobac system. Overall, 97% of urine specimens having greater than 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) per ml were detected within 5 h by the Autobac system. The system detected 66, 90, and 94% of such specimens after 2, 3, and 4 h of incubation, respectively. Of specimens having 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml, the Autobac system detected 10, 45, 53, and 95% after 2, 3, 4, and 5 h of incubation, respectively. The rate of false-positive results increased from 0% after 2 h to 2% after 3 h to 6% after 4 h and 25% after 5 h of incubation. The specificity of the urine screening results also varied with the incubation time. Percentages of specimens having greater than 10(5) CFU/ml that gave positive urine screening results at various times were as follows: 96% at 2 h, 74% at 3 h, 29% at 4 h, and 9% at 5 h. These findings suggest that a 3- or 4-h urine screening procedure will effectively detect bacteriuria of greater than 10(5) CFU/ml, with few false positive results. However, a 5-h procedure, which gives more false-positive results, may be needed for detection of lower levels of bacteriuria. PMID- 7014618 TI - Minimum number of bacteria needed for antigen detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - Threshold concentrations of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Streptococcus sp. group B type Ib required for positive counterimmunoelectrophoresis reactions were determined in vivo and in vitro. Animals were infected intraperitoneally with various concentrations of microorganisms: adult mice with S. pneumoniae, suckling rats with H. influenzae, and 3-week-old mice with Streptococcus sp. group B. At 24 h after infection a minimum blood concentration of 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml was needed for S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae before antigen was detected in the serum. A minimum concentration of 10(6) CFU/ml was needed for Streptococcus sp. group B at 10 h after infection. Larger threshold concentrations (10(4) CFU/ml for S. pneumoniae, 10(5) CFU/ml for H. influenzae, and 10(7) CFU/ml for Streptococcus) were required in broth-grown cultures before cell-free antigens could be demonstrated by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the medium. Marked levels of antigen release by group B streptococci were observed as the cultures entered early stationary phase. This study provides evidence of a long-accepted, though poorly substantiated, hypothesis that a threshold concentration of microorganism is necessary before counterimmunoelectrophoresis reactions become positive. Counterimmunoelecrophoresis results for clinical specimens should be interpreted cautiously in light of this evidence. PMID- 7014619 TI - Diagnosis of recent rubella virus infection by demonstration of specific immunoglobulin M antibodies: comparison of solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. AB - A solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) based on the addition of an excess of rubella virus hemagglutinin was evaluated for the demonstration of rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), and the results were compared with those of the density gradient centrifugation technique. In a retrospective study in which 157 sera were tested, the two techniques yielded identical results (55 IgM positive and 102 IgM-negative samples). In a prospective study, 592 sere were examined; 8 IgM-positive results by SPRIST corresponded to a recent rubella infection or vaccination. Neither rheumatoid factor nor heterophil antibody seemed to interfere with the results of SPRIST. This test would be a useful and rapid routine technique for demonstration of the presence of virus-specific IgM in serum samples, particularly for viruses with a hemagglutinin. Except for anti human IgM, no more reagents are needed than for widely used hemagglutination inhibition procedures. PMID- 7014620 TI - Efficacy of various cell culture procedures for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and applicability to diagnosis of pediatric infections. AB - In this study, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-, cytochalasin B-, and cycloheximide treated and untreated McCoy cells were inoculated with representative strains of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes, as well as with clinical specimens from a pediatric population, and the quality and quantity of the cytoplasmic inclusions were examined. Cycloheximide treatment consistently rendered the highest number of quality inclusions per milliliter of any method tested for both the laboratory strains (P less than 0.001) and the clinical isolates (P less than 0.01). The inclusion counts in untreated McCoy cells were either higher than or not significantly different from those in 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine- an cytochalasin B treated cells. However, the quality of the inclusions, using the criteria of size, brightness, and ease of detection produced in untreated and 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine-treated cells, was inferior to the quality of those obtained by other procedures. Cells treated with cytochalasin B had the best-quality inclusions as compared with those treated by any other method. It is recommended from our experience that for overall sensitivity and simplicity cycloheximide treatment is the method of choice for isolation of C. trachomatis in McCoy cells. PMID- 7014621 TI - Legionella micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent): direct fluoresent-antibody examination of infected human lung tissue and characterization of clinical isolates. AB - Legionella micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) was identified by direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) examination of lung tissue in six of seven persons diagnosed previously as having L. micdadei pneumonia only by histopathology and in four persons who also had positive cultures of the organism. No cross reactions occurred with monospecific DFA conjugates prepared against Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, Legionella bozemanii, Legionella dumoffii, and Legionella gormanii. One person had L. pneumophila serogroup 6 identified by DFA examination of lung tissue and subsequent culture of stored pulmonary secretions. Characterization of the four strains of L. micdadei revealed specific DFA reactions, bacteriological behavior, and cellular fatty acid composition that allow identification of the organism. DFA testing appears to be a sensitive method for identifying L. micdadei prescent in human lung tissue or cultured on artificial media. PMID- 7014622 TI - Detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in immune guinea pig serum by solid-phase immunofluorescence. AB - A semiautomated solid-phase immunofluorescence apparatus (FIAX; International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, Calif.) was utilized to develop a rapid method for detection of antibody to Legionella pneumophila. The sera from guinea pigs immunized with a mixture of killed L. pneumophila and Freund complete adjuvant displayed markedly enhanced antibody activity as measured by FIAX when compared with that obtained from adjuvant-injected or unimmunized animals. A correlation was observed between FIAX net fluorescence units and microagglutination titers of serum samples obtained from immunized animals. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation performed on selected immune serum samples were low. These results demonstrated that the FIAX method could readily and reproducibly detect Legionella-specific antibodies in the sera of actively immunized animals and suggest the possibility of a broader application of FIAX in the serological detection of exposure to L. pneumophila antigen. PMID- 7014623 TI - Investigation of enzyme immunoassay time courses: development of rapid assay systems. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) consists of a series of antigen-antibody reactions which result in the binding of an enzyme-labeled antibody to a solid phase. The performance time of an EIA determination is thus largely dependent upon the time required for the antigen-antibody reactions. In an attempt to develop a rapid EIA system, we investigated the time course of an EIA system for the measurement of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. We found that, although the use of short incubations led to a decrease in sensitivity, an assay system utilizing 10 min incubation periods was still capable of detecting antigen at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. Important factors in the sensitivity of EIAs with short incubation times were the performance of the reaction at 37 degrees C and the incubation of the solid phase with constant agitation. Utilizing these techniques, we developed an EIA system for the measurement of H. influenzae type b polysaccharide which could be completed in less than 30 min. This system was sufficiently sensitive to detect H. influenzae polysaccharide in the cerebrospinal fluids of nine patients with proven H. influenzae meningitis. Thus, EIA systems utilizing short incubation times might be useful for the rapid detection of infectious antigens in body fluids. PMID- 7014624 TI - Evaluation of five gentamicin assay procedures for clinical microbiology laboratories. AB - Five gentamicin assay procedures (a bioassay, an enzyme immunoassay, a latex agglutination inhibition test, a fluorescence immunoassay, and a radioimmunoassay) were evaluated to determine which was optimal for our laboratory. The evaluation was based on recovery and precision studies and results of analyses of patient samples, as well as technical assay performance factors. The latex agglutination inhibition test appears useful for laboratories performing only occasional assays for gentamicin; however, the fact that some rheumatoid factor-positive sera, as well as some other sera for unknown reasons, may give falsely low values is a potential drawback to this procedure. Because of its accuracy, precision, rapid turn-around time, and relative simplicity of performance, we selected the enzyme immunoassay procedure for routine use for gentamicin assays in our laboratory. PMID- 7014625 TI - Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of anti-candida serum precipitin and agglutinin quantification: comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination. AB - Many serological techniques have been developed to aid in the discrimination of significant candidiasis from other clinical states. Serum anti-candida precipitin and agglutinin quantification by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination were statistically evaluated as to their respective ability to accomplish this discrimination. Forty-five serum specimens from 16 patients with documented disease and 2 with presumptive disease and 81 specimens from 70 control patients were studied. The control population consisted of patients with candida colonization, transient candidemia, bacteremia, other systemic mycoses, and healthy medical personnel. The two techniques were compared as to sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive and a negative test. Using a precipitin or agglutinin titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 as the criterion for a positive test, we obtained the following results: counterimmunoelectrophoresis, 78, 97, 88, and 94%, respectively; latex agglutination, 94, 50, 33, and 97%, respectively. PMID- 7014626 TI - Fluorescent-antibody detection of Legionella dumoffii in a fatal case of pneumonia. AB - Legionella dumoffii organisms were detected in the lung tissue from a patient with a fatal case of pneumonia, the second reported to date. A fluorescent antibody conjugate specific for the Tex-KL organism isolated in 1979 revealed many L, dumoffii organisms in lung tissue obtained postmortem from this patient. PMID- 7014627 TI - Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica heat-stable enterotoxin by suckling mouse bioassay. AB - A comparison of heat-stable enterotoxins from Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica by the suckling mouse bioassay showed that whereas E. coli heat stable enterotoxin evoked a maximum ratio of gut weight to remaining body weight after a 4-h incubation period, the maximum ratio for Y. enterocolitica was achieved at 2 h, decreasing thereafter to values regarded as negative (less than 0.083). This action of Y. enterocolitica heat-stable enterotoxin may give false negative results for the standard suckling mouse bioassay. PMID- 7014628 TI - Plaque assay for Ebola virus. AB - A plaque assay for Ebola virus is reported. The procedure has real potential for future research, although it is less sensitive than indirect fluorescent-antibody and mouse inoculation tests. PMID- 7014629 TI - Rapid bead counting and dispensing device for radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - A simple time- and labor-saving device is described for counting and dispensing beads used in solid-phase radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In parallel radioimmunoassays, the data obtained with beads prepared by this device indicate an equivalent or superior sensitivity as compared with beads handled in the more tedious, conventional manner. The rapid handling of beads not only facilitates the processing of larger numbers of specimens, but also has the advantage of exposing up to 60 beads simultaneously to reactants in the same reaction tray. PMID- 7014631 TI - Indelible iatrogenic staining of enamel following debonding. A case report. PMID- 7014630 TI - Comparison of the cell cytoskeleton in migratory and stationary chick fibroblasts. AB - The organization of the principal cytoskeletal components (actin, tubulin and 10 nm filament protein) have been compared by immunofluorescence microscopy in two populations of chick heart fibroblasts, previously shown to be adapted respectively for rapid, directed migration or adhesion and growth. We find that neither microtubule nor 10 nm filament distributions after significantly during the conversion from the migratory to the stationary state but in contrast there are significant differences in the organization of actin. The stationary cells possess more numerous and thicker stress fibre bundles. The variety of patients observed in the migratory cells are documented and the possible roles of the different components of the cytoskeleton in cell locomotion are discussed. PMID- 7014633 TI - Bovine endothelial cells in culture produce thromboxane as well as prostacyclin. AB - Bovine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture were incubated with arachidonic acid or prostaglandin H2. The amount of prostacyclin nd thromboxane A2 synthesized ws then determined by specific radioimmunoassay for 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. Although smooth muscle cells produced only 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in a ratio of 5:1 to 10:1. The same ratio of these metabolites of arachidonic acid ws also found when prostaglandin production from endogenous arachidonic acid was stimulated in endothelial cells by the ionophore A23187. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors inhibited the production of both metabolites equally, whereas thromboxane synthetase inhibitors selectively inhibited the production of thromboxane B2. Cells in culture were also incubated with [1-14C]arachidonic acid and the extracted products were identified by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. 6-Keto prostaglandin F1 alpha was the only metabolite produced by smooth muscle cells, but endothelial cells synthesized 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 7014632 TI - Potentiation of opsonization and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes following growth in the presence of clindamycin. AB - Streptococcus pyogenes, bearing M-protein on its surface, resists opsonization by normal human serum and subsequent phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Previous studies have shown that M-protein positive organisms are poorly opsonized by the alternate pathway of complement. In an attempt to define further the role of the surface components of S. pyogenes in this process, we examined the ability of clindamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits protein biosynthesis, to alter bacterial opsonization. An M-protein positive strain of S. pyogenes was grown in varying concentrations of clindamycin at levels lower than those which inhibited growth, i.e., at levels less than the minimal inhibitory concentration. These bacteria were incubated with purified human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. Significant enhancement of bacterial opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing resulted. Measurement of complement consumption and binding of the third component of complement (C3) onto the bacterial surface demonstrated that organisms grown in the presence of clindamycin activated complement more readily and fixed more C3 on their surface. Electron microscopy revealed the probable basis for these findings. Streptococci exposed to clindamycin during growth were largely denuded of surface "fuzz," the hairlike structures bearing M-protein. We conclude that the incorporation of clindamycin at concentrations that fail to inhibit growth of S. pyogenes nevertheless causes significant changes in the capacity of these bacteria to resist opsonization by serum complement. These findings support the hypothesis that M-protein inhibits bacterial opsonization by interfering with effective complement activation on the bacterial surface. PMID- 7014634 TI - Glomerular dynamics and morphologic changes in the generalized Shwartzman reaction in postpartum rats. AB - The roles of glomerular functional and morphologic changes were examined in the acute renal failure associated with generalized Shwartzman reaction in postpartum Munich Wistar rats. The susceptibility of postpartum rats to acute deterioration in renal function after a 2-h endotoxin infusion was found to be greater than in virgin litter mates: glomerular filtration rate fell by 93% in the former vs. 24% in the latter group (P less than 0.001). In postpartum rats there were marked changes in platelet count and fibrinogen level (P less than 0.025) compatible with consumption coagulopathy. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate fell from 5.5 +/- 0.9 and 0.74 +/- 0.12 to 2.0 +/- 0.7 and 0.12 +/- 0.01 ml/min, respectively (both P less than 0.001). Blood pressure did not change. Results of glomerular dynamics studies showed decreases in single nephron filtration rate from 28 +/- 7 to 6 +/- 4 nl/min and in glomerular plasma flow rate from 77 +/- 26 to 23 +/- 12 nl/min (both P less than 0.001). Afferent net ultrafiltration pressure fell from 20 +/- 3 to 5 +/- 4 mm Hg due to a fall in glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure from 47 +/- 1 to 29 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). There were four- and twofold increases in afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances, respectively. Less than 20% of glomeruli had evidence of fibrin deposition after 2 h of endotoxin infusion, a time when glomerular filtration rate was reduced by greater than 90%. [1-Sar, 5-Ile, 8-Gly] angiotensin II infusion before endotoxin significantly protected glomerular filtration rate, 62 vs. 7% of control in rats with no preinfusion (P less than 0.01) despite consumption coagulopathy and glomerular fibrin deposition similar to rats without pretreatment. These data suggest that the early deterioration in renal function in the generalized Shwartzman reaction in the postpartum rat is due to major changes in glomerular dynamics induced by neurohumoral agents and that glomerular fibrin deposition plays a lesser pathogenetic role at this time in this disorder. The study does not address the pathogenesis of renal failure in pregnancy nor peripartum renal failure in another species. PMID- 7014635 TI - Relationship of alterations in splenic clearance function and microcirculation to host defense in acute rodent malaria. AB - During the course of Plasmodium berghei malaria in the rat, splenic clearance of damaged uninfected erythrocytes (heated or Heinz body-containing) underwent changes strikingly similar to those of infected erythrocytes. Splenic trapping of abnormal erythrocytes was impaired during the period of rising parasitemia but became supernormal just before the onset of resolution of the acute infection. These changes could be related to the development of splenomegaly and alterations in splenic cordal microcirculation during infection. The relative distribution of flow through the cords was decreased during rising parasitemia and was restored before the onset of resolution. Together, our observations support the hypothesis that altered rheologic properties of infected erythrocytes are a major determinant of their removal by the spleen. These data suggest that the alterations in splenic microcirculation that occur during malaria may have important implications for host defense. PMID- 7014636 TI - Specificities of antibodies eluted from human cadaveric renal allografts. Multiple mechanisms of renal allograft injury. AB - The purpose of the present experiments was to evaluate the role of circulating antibodies in the rejection of human renal allografts and to study the apparent target(s) for antibody binding. Eluates obtained from surgical biopsy and nephrectomy specimens of rejecting, cadaveric human renal allografts were tested for antibodies directed to structural antigens of normal kidney and for cytotoxic antibody activity against mononuclear cell populations. By indirect immunofluorescence 23 of 35 eluates contained immunoglobulin that bound to normal kidney. Staining was in smooth muscle only in 10 patients, in smooth muscle and other structures such as tubular basement membranes, proximal cells, or brush border in 9 patients, and in structures other than smooth muscle in 4 patients. All 16 eluates tested contained antibodies cytotoxic for cells derived from a panel of normal volunteers. Six were cytotoxic to T cells and 10 to B cell and monocyte-enriched preparations. Absorption of eluates with pooled buffy coat cells, platelet concentrates and packed, cultured B cells removed antibodies reactive with vascular wall smooth muscle and endothelium, but not antibodies to tubular basement membranes, proximal or distal tubular cells, brush border, or other structures of kidney sections. Two of five eluates containing antikidney antibodies were found to bind to rat kidneys in vivo. These results suggest that circulating antibodies participate in cadaveric renal allograft destruction and demonstrate that they can be recovered directly from the allograft. Moreover, the data indicate that there are different antibody populations involved: some clearly directed to allo-specific differences and others that are apparently kidney-specific. PMID- 7014637 TI - Glucose homeostasis during the perinatal period in normal rats and rats with a glycogen storage disorder. AB - The fetal rat mobilizes liver glycogen during parturition for use as a glucose source until the onset of gluconeogenesis at 2 h after birth. A rat strain (NZR/Mh) unable to mobilize liver glycogen because of a phosphorylase b kinase deficiency has been used to assess the importance of liver glycogen in glucose homeostasis of the newborn. In normal rats the mean blood glucose concentration of the fetus measured at various times up to 24 h after natural birth ranged between 3.7 and 5.4 mM. In contrast, fetuses of the affected rats were hypoglycemic before birth (2.02 +/- 0.15 mM), and by 1 h after birth the blood glucose had decreased to 0.74 +/- 0.14 mM. Concentrations increased by 4 h to 1.48 +/- 0.17 mM and by 24 h reached values not significantly different from the normal newborn rats. Changes in plasma insulin over the perinatal period were similar in both groups although concentrations were always significantly lower in the affected rts. The findings demonstrate the crucial role of the fetal liver glycogen store in the maintenance of normoglycemia in the newborn. The normal rat does not develop hypoglycemia when born naturally and left with the mother after birth (in contrast to other studies in which the newborn were taken by cesarian delivery 1 d prematurely and kept in an artificial environment without food). The rats with the glycogen storage disorder experienced severe hypoglycemia without any apparent effects, which raises questions concerning alternative fuels available to and utilized by the newborn. PMID- 7014638 TI - Sol particle immunoassay (SPIA). AB - We describe the use of inorganic (metal) colloidal particles as a label for immunoassays. Dose-response curves for human placental lactogen (HPL) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were obtained with sandwich immunoassays, using conjugates consisting of antibody-coated colloidal gold or silver particles. Several techniques were used to measure the amount of bound conjugate, viz. colorimetry and carbon rod atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CRAAS). At higher antigen concentrations the results of the assay could be read by the naked eye. Using gold particles as label and CRAAS as detection method, we found a detection limit for a sandwich HPL sol particle immunoassay (SPIA) of 1,4 pmol/l, which was equal to that of an optimalized competitive radioimmunoassay. When using a colorimeter the detection limit for HPL of this SPIA was 5,4 pmol/l, which was superior to that of a corresponding sandwich enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). HPL and HCG were also simultaneously determined, using microtitration plates, coated with a mixture of anti-HPL and anti-HCG, and a mixture of silver particle anti-HPL conjugate and gold particle anti-HCG conjugate. CRAAS was used to measure the bound amount of silver and gold conjugate. This simultaneous assay requires more work in order to obtain better sensitivities. PMID- 7014639 TI - Specific antibodies to theophylline for use in a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. AB - Bovine serum albumin conjugate of 1-methyl-3-(3'-carboxypropyl)xanthine elicits highly specific anti-theophylline antibodies when injected into sheep. When used in a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline these antibodies show insignificant cross-reactivity (less than 1%) to 1-methyl- and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, caffeine, and theobromine. In contrast, immunogens prepared from the C-8 functionalized drug afford antibodies which show more serious cross-reactivity to these compounds. Plausible rationale for attachment of the drug to carrier proteins through its N-3 position which furnished specific antibodies are given. PMID- 7014640 TI - An improved preparation of antibody-coated polystyrene beads for sandwich enzyme immunoassay. AB - An improved preparation of antibody-coated polystyrene beads for sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was described. Rabbit anti TSH IgG was purified by eluting at pH 2.5 from a TSH-Sepharose column, diluted 3 or 9 fold with normal rabbit IgG and used for coating polystyrene beads by physical adsorption. In a sandwich enzyme immunoassay of TSH using rabbit (anti TSH) Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate, beta-D-galactosidase activities specifically bound to thus prepared polystyrene beads in the presence of TSH was 2.8-6.3 fold higher than those bound to polystyrene beads coated with anti-TSH IgG before purification. A similar effect was observed when guinea pig anti-pork insulin IgG, rabbit (anti-human IgE) IgG and goat (anti-human IgE) IgG were treated at pH 2.5. This improvement may be based on a conformational change of Fc in IgG molecule which was caused by the treatment at pH 2.5. Other sandwich immunoassays such as fluoro- and radio-immunoassays may also be improved in the same way. PMID- 7014641 TI - A clinician's guide to the use of stimulant medication for the psychiatric disorders of children. PMID- 7014643 TI - Accidental transplantation of bronchial carcinoma from a cadaver donor to two recipients of renal allografts. AB - Malignancy was transferred inadvertently to two patients, each of whom received a renal transplant from a cadaver donor who was found at necropsy to have a small, clinically silent carcinoma of lung. Both recipients died with metastatic bronchial carcinoma of the same histological type as the donor's tumour. The literature on transplanted malignancy is reviewed. PMID- 7014642 TI - Progressive and self-induced relaxation training: their relative effects on subjective and autonomic arousal to fearful stimuli. AB - Compared progressive relaxation training (PRT), self-induced relaxation training (SRT), and a rest quietly (RQ) control condition on measures of tonic physiological arousal and phasic physiological and subjective reactions to fearful stimuli. The Mutilation Anxiety Questionnaire was used to identify 48 male and female participants for the two training assessment sessions. Evaluation of tonic reductions in sympathetic arousal indicated: In session one, PRT and SRT were equivalent; in session two, PRT was superior to SRT. Evaluation of subjective response to fearful stimuli favored PRT/SRT over RQ for low, moderately stressful stimuli; PRT was superior to SRT for the most stressful stimuli. An analysis of reported practice between sessions indicated a negative relationship between practice of relaxation skills and response to stressful tonic physiological arousal and attenuating subjective response to stressful stimuli. The interaction between the cognitive and physiological systems and its implication for therapy are discussed. PMID- 7014644 TI - Transferral of malignancy as a complication of organ transplantation: an insuperable problem? AB - A case of inadvertent transplantation of malignancy is presented in detail. The donor was a 36-year-old woman with an unsuspected disseminated carcinoma of lung, and the renal and tumour transplant recipient a 53-year-old man. The transplanted tumour remained clinically "silent" and was discovered only a necropsy after the recipient's death from ischaemic heart disease. The phenomena of de novo primary and transferred (donor) malignancy in organ recipients, along with related immunological considerations, are briefly reviewed. Finally, with regard to the increasing frequency and variability of organ transplants, the routine clinical practice required to minimise the risk of these complications is re-emphasised, with additional recommendations. PMID- 7014647 TI - Assay of chloramphenicol in clinical specimens. PMID- 7014646 TI - Rapid screening for bacteriuria using a particle counter, pulse-height analyser, and computer. AB - A system for the rapid screening of urines for the presence of bacteriuria has been devised using a Coulter Counter Model ZBI linked to a multichannel pulse height analyser (Coulter "Channelyser") with computer analysis of the output. In a series of 215 urines containing growth of a single pathogen of more than 100 x 10(6)/l (greater than 100 000/ml) satisfactory level of sensitivity (99.1%) was obtained using only two different amplification settings by means of a brief treatment (5-10 seconds) of the undiluted specimen with low intensity ultrasound; 85-90% of mixed growths of 10 x 10(6)/l (greater than 10 000/ml) were detected. Sonication did not improve the results in this group. Specimens showing abnormal cyturia of more than 10 x 10(6)/l (greater than 10 000/ml) but no growth on culture were positive in 33% of cases without the use of ultrasound but in 72% after sonication. PMID- 7014645 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography in routine processing of blood cultures for detecting anaerobic bacteraemia. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography was performed on 233 positive blood cultures and findings were compared with culture results. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 78 out of 79 blood cultures containing butyric or iso-valeric acids, or both; from 28 out of 69 blood cultures containing succinic acid; and from only one out of 41 blood cultures containing succinic but not butyric or iso valeric acid. Good correlations (88%) were found for the recovery of anaerobic bacteria and the detection of butyric and/or iso-valeric acids. Detecting volatile fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography performed on blood cultures at the first signs of growth can therefore provide an early and reliable indication of the presence of anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7014648 TI - Controlling antisera in immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7014649 TI - A comparison of lyphogel, ammonium sulphate, and ultracentrifugation in the concentration of stool viruses for electron microscopy. PMID- 7014651 TI - What is clinical immunology? AB - The clinical and laboratory details of 10 patients with predominantly immunological problems were circulated to selected physicians in different forms of hospital practice. In general, these physicians would prefer to select their own immunological tasks and could get these performed in their clinical pathology laboratories or regional immunology centres. Immunologists are seen predominantly as laboratory-based advisers rather than clinicians responsible for the care of such patients. PMID- 7014650 TI - Conception and development of the fetal tissue bank. PMID- 7014652 TI - Spectroscopy, colorimetry, and biological chemistry in the nineteenth century. AB - The development of colorimetry and spectroscopy in the nineteenth century is described. An account is given of the application of their techniques to biological chemistry during that period. PMID- 7014653 TI - Immunoperoxidase localisation of human placental lactogen: a marker for the placental origin of the giant cells in 'syncytial endometritis' of pregnancy. AB - One hundred endometrial biopsies of various histological patterns, and material from 10 tubal pregnancies together with their associated uterine decidua, were examined for the presence of human placental lactogen using affinity-purified first and second antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Positive cells in endometrial curettings were seen only in association with an intrauterine pregnancy and morphologically resembled syncytiotrophoblast. Decidua associated with tubal pregnancy, pseudodecidua in progestogen-treated patients, and proliferative, secretory, and basal endometria were all negative. An immunoperoxidase stain for human placental lactogen is a useful marker for intrauterine pregnancy and supports the placental origin of the syncytial giant cells in so-called 'syncytial endometritis'. The technique is of potential value in those endometrial biopsies where pregnancy is suspected but no villi are seen. PMID- 7014655 TI - Single- versus multiple-dose comparative trial of desipramine hydrochloride: a double-placebo method. AB - In a double-blind comparative trial utilizing the double-placebo method, depressed neurotic patients whose effective titrated dose of desipramine hydrochloride was 75, 100, or 150 mg were maintained, with equal efficacy, on once-a-day or multiple daily dose regimens. The data confirm that the safety of the once-a-day maintenance regimen (as measured by vital signs, laboratory tests, ECGs, and clinical adverse reactions) is comparable to the safety of the multiple daily dose regimen. PMID- 7014656 TI - Analgesic comparison of propiram fumarate with pentazocine, codeine, and placebo in postsurgical pain. AB - The safety and effectiveness of a single oral dose of 50 mg propiram fumarate as an analgesic was compared in a double-blind clinical trial trial against single doses of standard reference analgesics (50 mg pentazocine hydrochloride or 60 mg codeine sulfate) or placebo. Subjects were adult patients experiencing severe postsurgical pain. Mean pain scores and SPID scores showed all three active drugs to be favored (P less than 0.05) over placebo in patients with severe initial pain. The most common side effects seen were drowsiness, nausea, and dizziness. These were not severe enough to require treatment. Propiram fumarate (50 mg) was shown to be an effective and safe analgesic in the treatment of severe postsurgical pain. PMID- 7014657 TI - Captopril in human blood and breast milk. AB - Blood and milk concentrations of captopril, a new antihypertensive agent, were studied in 12 lactating normotensive subjects after the administration of 100 mg captopril tablets on a three times daily regimen for a total of seven doses. Peak blood concentrations (+/- S.E.M.) of captopril after the administration of the seventh 100-mg tablet averaged 713.1 +/- 140.6 ng/ml, as compared to average peak milk concentrations of 4.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml. Time to peak blood concentrations averaged 1.1 +/- 0.2 hour, while time to peak milk concentrations averaged 3.8 +/ 0.6 hours. The data suggest that the human breast selectively restricts the passage of captopril from blood into milk. PMID- 7014654 TI - Immunocytochemical studies of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens in gastric mucosae of infants with normal gastric histology and of patients with gastric carcinoma and chronic benign peptic ulceration. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence studies of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens were performed on the gastric mucosae and tumor tissues of patients with gastric carcinoma, on the mucosae of patients with chronic benign gastric ulceration, and on the mucosae of infants who had died of causes other than gastrointestinal disease. The following findings were of particular interest: (1) Normal 'secretor' type mucosae were distinguishable from 'non-secretor' type mucosae by the uniform staining of the A or H antigens at the surface and in the pits. Normal 'non-secretor' type mucosae showed little staining of the H or A antigens but, instead, there was staining with anti-I(Ma) antibody. Staining with anti I(Step) and anti-i(Den) did not show a clear correlation with the 'secretor'/'non secretor' status of the normal mucosae. (2) Apparently normal areas of gastric mucosae of patients with gastric carcinoma or the normal part of gastric mucosae of patients with benign gastric ulcer frequently showed focal areas of loss or gain of the blood group antigens as is often seen in gastric carcinoma tissues. (3) In the mucosae of patients with intestinal metaplasia there was marked loss of A/H antigens in 'secretors' and I(Ma) antigen in 'non-secretors'. (4) Staining characteristics of tissues from gastric carcinoma were:(a) Focal loss of the expected A/H or I antigens was observed with much variation in staining from area to area, but only a minority showed complete loss of the expected staining. (b) A majority of the carcinomas from 'secretors' showed foci of substantial staining with anti-I(Ma) in contrast to normal 'secretor' mucosae. This is probably due to incomplete biosynthesis of A/H determinants. (c) Incompatible A-like staining by a rabbit anti-A serum was observed in one out of nine adenocarcinomas from blood group B or O persons. (d) A few cases showed substantial i antigen staining. The aberrant expression of blood group A, H, I, and i antigens in neoplastic as well as in some areas of morphologically normal mucosa of patients with benign and malignant diseases of the stomach is discussed in the context of current biochemical knowledge. PMID- 7014658 TI - Effect of pindolol on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and catecholamines in hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of 45 mg pindolol daily on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma catecholamines were assessed on 11 hospitalized hypertensive patients. Blood pressure decreased significantly after nine days of treatment, but heart rate remained unchanged. Plasma renin activity was in the same average range before and during treatment, with individual values variably increasing, decreasing, or remaining unchanged. Blood pressure changes were independent from the baseline level of plasma renin activity or the change in renin activity observed during treatment. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels also remained unchanged during treatment. Lack of change in heart rate and hormonal levels may be attributed to the combined effects of the beta-antagonistic and partial agonistic properties of this agent. Thus, pindolol used as monotherapy at this dose significantly lowered blood pressure, but not to normal levels, with only minimal side effects. Because of its combined adrenergic agonistic and antagonistic effects, it may be a preferable alternative to pure antagonists in selected patients. PMID- 7014659 TI - GABAergic amacrine cells in rat retina: immunocytochemical identification and synaptic connectivity. AB - GABAergic neurons have been identified in light and electron microscopic preparations of rat retina by an immunocytochemical localization of the GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). GAD-positive neuronal somata are found only in the inner and middle parts of the inner nuclear layer, and GAD-positive neuronal terminals are observed exclusively within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the outermost part of the ganglion cell layer. Dense aggregations of GAD-positive terminals alternate with less dense zones to form a lamination of the IPL. GAD-positive terminals contain pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and are the presynaptic elements of conventional synapses onto bipolar and amacrine cell processes, as well as onto the somata and dendrites of ganglion cells. In addition, GAD-positive terminals are postsynaptic to unstained bipolar terminals and are components of synaptic dyads where they occasionally appear to form reciprocal synapses with the bipolar terminals, and serial with unstained amacrine processes. Probable synaptic contacts between adjacent GAD-positive terminals also have been observed. Most of the synaptic input to GAD-positive terminals comes from bipolar cells, while the small remaining input mainly comes from other GAD-positive terminals. The synaptic output to GAD-positive terminals is greatest to bipolar cells, followed in decreasing order by GAD-negative amacrine cells, ganglion cells, and other GAD-positive cells. The total synaptic output of GAD-positive cells appears to be more than twice as great as the total input of these cells. The location of GAD-positive somata, the distribution of GAD-positive terminals, and the synaptic relationships formed by these terminals all indicate that amacrine cells are the only GABAergic neurons in rat retina. Our observations also indicate that not all amacrines are GABAergic and suggest that GABAergic neurons may be limited to a narrow field subclass of amacrine cell. The findings concerning the synaptic connections of GABAergic amacrines suggest that such cells are the first link in several divergent pathways from bipolar to ganglion cells and that they probably serve more than one function since they feed synaptic activity forward directly upon ganglion cells as well as back upon bipolar cells. PMID- 7014660 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of magnocellular elements in rat hypothalamus: distribution and numbers of cells containing neurophysin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. AB - A cell-by-cell analysis of the magnocellular elements in hypothalami of fifty Long-Evans (normal) and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rats was done using the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique (PAP) with primary antisera directed against oxytocin (OXY), vasopressin (ADH), and the neurophysins. The magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus were found in the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN), and anterior commissural (ACN) nuclei, a number of accessory nuclei, and as individual cells in the anterior hypothalamic area. SON was divided by the optic tract into the principal part and retrochiasmatic SON. In retrochiasmatic SON a majority of the cells contained vasopressin. Within the principal part of SON oxytocin-producing cells tended to be found rostrally and dorsally, while the vasopressin cells were more common caudally and ventrally. PVN was divided into three subnuclei, the medial, lateral, and posterior subnuclei, on the basis of cellular morphology and peptide content. The magnocellular cells of the medial and lateral PVN were closely packed together and nearly round, while those of posterior PVN were more separated and fusiform in shape with their long axis running in a medio-lateral direction. Medial PVN consisted primarily of oxytocin producing cells, while lateral PVN was formed by a core of vasopressin-producing cells with a rim of oxytocin cells. Posterior PVN contained largely oxytocin producing cells. Both ADH and OXY cells were found in the accessory nuclei. In the Long-Evans rat the SON had, on the average, 1443 OXY and 3236 ADH cells; the PVN had 1174 OXY and 976 ADH cells; and the accessory magnocellular groups in the hypothalamus (including the ACN) had 1286 OXY and 552 ADH cells. The Brattleboro strain animal had similar numbers of cells in these nuclei. (The cells which contain ADH in normal animals were identified in the Brattleboro rat as large, neurophysin-negative cells.) Thus, a large fraction of the magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin-producing cells in the rat were located outside of the PVN and SON. One accessory cell group in particular, ACN, had 616 OXY cells, or about 50% as many as PVN. In each nucleus the sum of the numbers of OXY and ADH cells was approximately the number of neurophysin cells. PMID- 7014661 TI - Principles of genetics as related to the chromosome disorders and congenital malformations with reference to prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. AB - A basic discussion of the chromosome disorders and congenital malformations with specific reference to syndromes of interest to the dermatologist is presented. Although the chromosome disorders are uncommon, an introduction to the most prevalent clinical findings should enable the clinician to increase his/her index of suspicion as to the presence of one of these disorders. The latest chromosome banding technics and their application to clinical diagnosis are discussed. Congenital malformations are also uncommonly seen in the practice of dermatology. However, approximately 7% of all newborns have a cutaneous lesion at birth; some of these are of serious medical significance or the manifestation of a systemic disease. These include cafe au lait marks, congenital nevocellular nevi, and sebaceous nevi. A basic understanding of the mechanics and theory of prenatal diagnosis is becoming increasingly necessary for the dermatologist. Recently, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis has ben diagnosed antenatally, with the promise of other primary dermatologic disorders also being amenable to detection before birth. As the ability to detect and diagnose genetic disease becomes more refined, patients who are at risk themselves or whose offspring are at risk for these disorders will require more detailed information than ever before. Appropriate advice regarding recurrence risk, full spectrum of disease, availability of prenatal diagnosis, and any potential therapy will have to be proffered via genetic counseling. PMID- 7014662 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen present in human eccrine sweat. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen is detectable by standard unlabeled peroxidase antiperoxidase technics in eccrine and apocrine secretory and ductal cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen is also present in the cuticle which lines the duct. In eccrine sweat, carcinoembryonic antigen activities were at least thirty times that in serum, using a radioimmunoassay. Carcinoembryonic antigen may form part of the Schiff-positive cuticle and function in the normal homeostasis of eccrine and apocrine glands. PMID- 7014663 TI - Childhood dermatitis herpetiformis. Review of the new aspects and report of a case. AB - Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) of linear IgA type occurred in a 6-month-old boy shortly after initiating sulfisoxazole therapy for a urinary tract infection. Generalized pruritic bullae on erythematous bases were present on his trunk and extremities. There were no clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of gastrointestinal involvement. Direct immunofluorescent studies of skin biopsies taken early in the course of the disease and while the child was on systemic corticosteroid therapy were negative. Eventually a linear deposition of IgA at the dermoepidermal junction of involved skin on direct immunofluorescence was demonstrated. No circulating antibodies to the basement membrane were found. Because of close proximity of the initiation of sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) therapy and the eruption of the initial bullous lesions, this case also presents an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Negative assays of lymphocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) to sulfisoxazole indicated that the likelihood of a hypersensitivity reaction to sulfa drugs was slight. The patient's clinical response to dapsone therapy was dramatic. The conflicting views of subepidermal bullous dermatosis of childhood and the difficulties in confirming a diagnosis of DH are discussed. We contend that when DH is suspected in children, various laboratory tests should be repeated several times before the diagnosis can be confirmed. The case presented here is the youngest child reported with this type of DH. PMID- 7014665 TI - Marion B. Sulzberger, M.D. PMID- 7014664 TI - Keloids: a review. AB - Keloids are predominantly fibrous tumors which appear as firm, variably pruritic or tender growths near a site of injury. Usually appearing between the ages of 10 and 30, most keloids are located on the upper back, shoulders, earlobes, and anterior portion of the chest. The etiology remains unknown, but the accumulated fibrous tissue is associated with increased cellularity and increased metabolic activity of keloid fibroblasts. Isolated keloid fibroblasts demonstrate normal growth characteristics along with increased collagen and proteoglycan synthesis. Numerous keloid treatments have been attempted, but variable success has followed either single use or combinations of intralesional corticosteroid injection, surgery, pressure devices, radiation, cryosurgery, and systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 7014666 TI - Inhibition of lordosis in rats by the antiestrogen CI-628 in the absence of progesterone. AB - A series of experiments assessed whether the ability of the antiestrogen CI-628 to inhibit estrogen-stimulated lordosis in adult ovariectomized rats depends upon its interference with the synergistic effects of estrogen with progesterone. In Experiment 1, the effect of CI-628 was contrasted in rats brought into estrus by a single subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) combined with an injection of progesterone (P) 42 hr later versus four daily injections of EB (without any P). CI-628 was given at the time of EB injection(s). CI-628 substantially and equally effectively antagonized lordotic responding in both conditions. In the absence of CI-628, rats receiving progesterone had significantly higher lordosis scores than the 4-day EB control animals. In Experiment 2, rats receiving CI-628 on only the first 2 of 4 days of EB injections had significantly decreased lordosis scores unless P was also given on the day of testing. This suggested that the EB from the latter injections was not acting as a progestin "mimic." In Experiment 3, lordotic responding stimulated by EB (without P) was inhibited by CI-628 in rats that were both ovariectomized and adrenalectomized. This suggested that adrenal progestins were not involved in the ability of CI-628 to inhibit lordosis. Taken together, the results suggest that the mechanism of action of CI-628 for the inhibition of lordosis does not depend upon its ability to antagonize an estrogen-induced increase in neural progestin receptors. Implications of this for estrogen-mediated behaviors, for which CI-628 has little or no antagonistic effects, are discussed. PMID- 7014667 TI - The quantitative assessment of incisor overbite: preliminary report of a new silicone squash bite technique which has epidemiological and detailed biometric application. PMID- 7014668 TI - Consequences of the acid etchant drying on the enamel surface. PMID- 7014669 TI - [Conservation of non-supportive enamel through the internal etching technique]. PMID- 7014670 TI - The use of fluorides in mouthrinse programs in the community. PMID- 7014671 TI - Correlation between the protease activities and the number of epithelial cells in human saliva. AB - The positive significant correlation (r = 0.788, n = 37) was shown between the protease activity and the number of epithelial cells (not of leukocytes) in saliva. There was little protease activity observed in glandular saliva. It is possible to conclude from the results that a main source of salivary protease is the epithelial cells in saliva. It was also found that the oral prophylaxis reduced the numbers of epithelial cells and leukocytes and the protease activity. PMID- 7014672 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of some orthodontic direct bonding systems. PMID- 7014673 TI - Self-instruction in dental education: 1960-1980. AB - An extensive, critical review of the dental education literature of the last two decades, related to self-instruction, reveals that this method is capable of significantly increasing cognitive knowledge in a shorter period of time and with increased student satisfaction, compared to conventional instructional methods. Suggestions for more detailed investigation of self-instructional techniques, and the need to develop a more integrated curriculum using self-instructional materials, small group interaction, and formal lectures are presented. PMID- 7014674 TI - G. V. Black revisited. PMID- 7014675 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine: "Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan". PMID- 7014676 TI - Topical and surgical management of burns as emergencies. PMID- 7014677 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine: "Veterans Administration". PMID- 7014678 TI - Suprabasal keratinocytes infected with poxvirus molluscum contagiosum. PMID- 7014679 TI - Histological and serological studies of Pityrosporum orbiculare in cases of pityriasis versicolor. PMID- 7014681 TI - Influence of histocompatibility antigens on skin homograft survival in an extensively burned patient. PMID- 7014682 TI - Sezary's syndrome: a case report including ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of the cellular infiltrates. PMID- 7014680 TI - Immunological studies of onchocerciasis in Guatemala. I. Immunoglobulin levels in Guatemalan onchocerciasis. PMID- 7014683 TI - Generalized herpes simplex complicating Hailey-Hailey's disease. PMID- 7014684 TI - Spontaneous regression of human malignant melanoma. PMID- 7014685 TI - Possible binding of epidermolytic toxin to a subcellular fraction of the epidermis. PMID- 7014686 TI - Tinea versicolor and earwax. PMID- 7014687 TI - Survey of mating types of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis in Japan. PMID- 7014689 TI - Chemical aspects of mutagen formation by sorbic acid-sodium nitrite reaction. PMID- 7014688 TI - Mutagenicity of the L-rhamnose-ammonia-hydrogen sulfide Browning reaction mixture. PMID- 7014690 TI - Choosing posterior teeth for complete dentures. PMID- 7014691 TI - American Academy of Allergy: position statements--controversial techniques. PMID- 7014692 TI - Characterization of synthetic medium antigens of Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces candidus. AB - A synthetic (Syn) medium was developed for growth of Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces candidus, and optimum conditions for culture filtrate antigen production were found to be 3 days for T. candidus and 9 to 12 days for M. faeni. Appearance of proteolytic activity in the culture fluid supernatant coincided with a decrease in precipitating antigen content, protein content, and number of proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), probably as a result of proteolysis. The results suggest that protein content, number protein bands on PAGE, and proteolytic activity are predictive of precipitating antigen content. Antigens prepared in Syn medium were compared to those produced by the double dialysis procedure and found to contain adequate amounts of antigenic material of sufficient quality to warrant clinical studies of their usefulness in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 7014693 TI - Hypertension in the elderly: the time has come to treat. AB - Both pure systolic, and systolic plus diastolic hypertension are risk factors for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in patients over 65 years old, but the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy in preventing the complications of hypertension in the elderly has been questioned. The risks associated with such therapy seem to have been overemphasized. Although the evidence is incomplete, elderly patients should be treated when the systolic blood pressure exceeds 160 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure exceeds 95 mm Hg, or both. A revised stepped-care approach, with use of vasodilating agents as the Step-2 drugs, is proposed. PMID- 7014694 TI - Comparison of silver sulfadiazine, povidone-iodine and physiologic saline in the treatment of chronic pressure ulcers. AB - The presence of bacteria and local infection is an important factor in the local management of chronic pressure ulcers. For successful closure of the ulcer, the bacterial count should be 10(5) or less per gram of tissue in the granulating wound. In a prospective randomized study of 45 (eventually 40) hospitalized patients, silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream and povidone-iodine (Betadine) solution were compared to physiologic saline for effectiveness in preparing pressure ulcers for closure. Quantitative bacteriologic techniques on tissue biopsy specimens were used for objective evaluation. In 100 percent of the ulcers treated with silver sulfadiazine cream (15 patients) the bacterial counts were reduced to 10(5) or less per gram of tissue within the three-week test period, compared to 78.6 percent in those treated with saline (14 patients) and 63.6 percent in those treated with povidone-iodine solution (11 patients). Moreover, the ulcers treated with silver sulfadiazine cream responded more rapidly, with one-third showing bacterial levels of less than 10(5) within three days, and half within a week. PMID- 7014696 TI - [Studies on antimicrobial effects of local anesthetics. Part 1. The effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the oral microorganisms]. PMID- 7014695 TI - Predictability of methenamine efficacy based on type of urinary pathogen and pH. AB - This study involved 27 geriatric patients with asymptomatic chronic bacteriuria; all had indwelling Foley catheters. The treatment regimens (daily oral dosage) were: methenamine mandelate (MM) granules, 4 gm; MM, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm; and MM, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm, plus cranberry cocktail, 1 liter- administered according to a cross-over design. Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli were the most common urinary organisms. Proteus organisms were more often found in alkaline than in acidic urines, but the type of pathogen had no influence on urinary pH. Urinary formaldehyde concentration [HCHO] was lower in patients with Proteus infection (17.7 micrograms/ml) than in those with Pseudomonas (21.9 micrograms/ml) or E. coli infection (21.8 micrograms/ml). However, for Proteus infection, [HCHO] was higher in patients receiving MM plus ascorbic acid than in those receiving MM alone. Addition of cranberry cocktail to ascorbic acid did not enhance urinary pH, [HCHO] or methenamine efficacy. Our data suggest that in Foley catheter patients with chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria secondary to Proteus, Pseudomonas or E. coli infection, the type of urinary pathogen or the urinary pH cannot be used to predict the efficacy of methenamine therapy either with or without urinary acidifying agents. PMID- 7014697 TI - [A study of pit and fissure sealant. The effect of ultrasonic treatment to acid etched technique]. PMID- 7014698 TI - A bibliography of dental economic research. PMID- 7014699 TI - Pyrimethamine susceptibility status of p. falciparum in Karbi-Anglong district of Assam and Adilabad District of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 7014700 TI - Solar eclipse and microfilaraemia. PMID- 7014702 TI - Brain stimulation and affective behavior: a note on an early demonstration of a "reward center". PMID- 7014701 TI - Epidemiological studies on bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh): II. Periodicity of microfilaria. PMID- 7014703 TI - A note on the role of Karl Christian Wolfart (1778-1832) in the study of animal magnetism. PMID- 7014704 TI - From psychotherapy to psychoanalysis: Frederik van Eeden and Albert Willem van Renterghem. AB - At the end of the nineteenth century, the unconscious was discovered by various students of the human mind. No agreement existed, however, about its nature- whether it represented the seat of the abnormal, the supranormal, or both. Frederik van Eeden (1860-1932), better known as a writer than as a physician, and Albert Willem van Renterghem (1846-1939), a country doctor, were both attracted by the philosophy of psychic monism and were disappointed by official medical science. They felt that the mind played a greater role in curing and healing than official medicine could acknowledge. Van Eeden, a socialist, moved away from medical science. Fascinated by psychical research, he embraced Spiritualism and joined the Roman Catholic Church. His attitude toward psychoanalysis was ambivalent. Van Renterghem, by contrast, became a respected and well-to-do psychiatrist, and was one of the first Dutch physicians to embrace psychoanalysis. This study of two Dutch psychiatrists shows on the one hand that only gradually the mystically tinged soul of the first dynamic psychiatry became the conscious and unconscious mind of depth psychology, and on the other hand that the reception of psychoanalysis was furthered by the prevailing interest in mysticism. PMID- 7014705 TI - Pavlov's legacy to behavioral psychology, physiology, and psychiatry: a program about Pavlov. PMID- 7014706 TI - Pavlov's contributions to physiology before 1900. PMID- 7014707 TI - Pavlov's influence on psychology in America. PMID- 7014709 TI - War, revolution, and psychoanalysis: Freudian thought begins to grapple with social reality. AB - Psychoanalytic theory and practice have been affected by external events as well as by internal development. Specifically, the period of the Great War and its aftermath was a turning point in the history of psychoanalysis. These experiences emphasized the inadequacy of the libido theory alone, accelerated Freud's impetus toward metapsychology, and encouraged the articulation of theories of innate destructive urges, of ego instincts, of the superego, and of social interaction. Discussions of war neuroses, of aggression and the death instinct, of the reality principle, and of the mechanisms of social psychology undermined Freud's original biologism in favor of a social-scientific approach. Psychoanalytic theory began to take more account of social experience and was profoundly changed in the process. PMID- 7014710 TI - Localization of kallikrein in submandibular gland of cat, guinea pig, dog, and man by the immunoperoxidase method. AB - The sensitive immunoperoxidase method was used to localize kallikrein in the submandibular gland of the cat, guinea pig, dog, and man. In every instance, kallikrein was localized in the apical region of duct cells, a location suggesting its secretion into the duct system. There was no evidence of the enzyme in other cells or interstitial tissue in the gland. The major source of submandibular gland kallikrein, therefore, must be of ductal origin. The classification of kallikreins with the widely distributed group of serine proteases is discussed, as is their possible significance in regulating physiological processes by specific and limited proteolysis. PMID- 7014711 TI - Immunocytologic analyses of 10 nm intermediate filaments in the nervous system of Myxicola. AB - Antibodies prepared in rabbits against Myxicola infundibulum neurofilaments have been employed to stain neurofilaments immunohistochemically in intact Myxicola infundibulum nervous tissue. Paraffin-embedded and frozen sections (5--6 mu) were examined at the light microscopic level with Sternberger's peroxidase antiperoxidase method, and Vibratome (20--40 mu) sections were studied at the ultrastructural level with Nakane's conjugated peroxidase method. The neurofilament antibody stained only neurons and axons at the light microscopic level. The staining pattern at the electron microscopic level corresponded to the neurofilaments within axons and neurons. Glial cells, which surround the axons, contain large bundles of filaments that resemble astrocytic filaments in mammalian astrocytes. These filaments do not stain with the anti-neurofilament antibody. Neurons, neurofilaments, glial cells, glial filaments, and nonnervous tissue showed no peroxidase staining when specific antiserum absorbed with neurofilaments was used. These structures were also unstained when antiserum to the glial fibrillary acidic protein of mammalian central nervous system astrocytes was substituted for the neurofilament antiserum. Therefore, in Myxicola infundibulum, the antigenic determinants of the neurofilament protein, as recognized immunohistochemically by anti-neurofilament protein antibodies, are not shared with those of glial filaments. PMID- 7014712 TI - Fibronectin presence in native collagen fibrils of human fibroblasts: immunoperoxidase and immunoferritin localization. AB - Fibronectin is a major constituent of the fibroblast extracellular matrix. Fibronectin binds to collagen, mediates fibroblast adhesion to collagen, and is synthesized and secreted into the medium of cultured fibroblasts. Affinity purified antibodies to fibronectin and collagen were localized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method or with ferritin-coupled secondary antibodies. Using human fibroblasts cultured under routine conditions, fibronectin and procollagen I react in a nonperiodic manner with: 1) approximately 10 nm extracellular fibrils, 2) cell membrane, and 3) membrane-associated vesicles. All fibrils react with both antibodies, suggesting some form of codistribution of fibronectin and collagen in these fibrils. Treatment with ascorbate leads to the development of a larger diameter extracellular fibril, approximately 40 nm in diameter. These large diameter fibrils are clearly collagen fibrils as documented by the procollagen antibody reaction. Importantly, fibronectin is bound to or a constituent of these "native" or cellular made collagen fibrils. Fibronectin and procollagen antibodies localized with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method have a 70 nm axial repeat of reaction product on ascorbate-treated fibroblasts. Localization of antibodies with ferritin-labeled secondary antibodies is less satisfactory, but supports the basic observations made with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. This observation rules out any potential criticisms. Although it is more difficult to observe with immunoferritin, there is an indication that antibodies to fibronectin react with an axial periodicity on cellular produced collagen fibrils. PMID- 7014713 TI - Differential expression of surface monosialoganglioside GM1 in various hemic cell lines of normal human bone marrow. A quantitative immunocytochemical study using the cholera toxin-gold-labeled anti-cholera toxin procedure. AB - The cholera toxin-colloidal gold-labeled IgG-F(ab')2 anti-cholera toxin ultrastructural immunocytochemical procedure has been used for the localization of GM1 monosialogangliosides on the surface of human bone marrow cells. The number of gold particles per micron of cell surface was counted and the data subjected to statistical analysis. Cholera toxin (CT) binding characteristics assessed in several subjects showed consistent labeling patterns for the various types of marrow cells, although minor quantitative differences were noted in surface labeling densities between subjects. Surface labeling was nonuniformly distributed along the cell membrane of the marrow cells and label clusters or domains were commonly noted. Data analysis indicated that CT labeling was related to cell type, to cell lineage, and to the stage of maturation. Mature neutrophils were the most reactive of the marrow cells and the CT labeling of this cell series increased stepwise from the promyelocyte stage to the segmented neutrophil. A similar pattern occurred during eosinophil maturation and the maturation of the monocyte. A different labeling pattern was found during the differentiation of the erythrocytic cell series with low labeling of proerythroblasts increasing modestly to the early normoblast stage and then decreasing during the final phase of maturation. Exposure to neuraminidase prior to the immunocytochemical sequence induced a major increase in surface CT labeling of the various types of marrow cells, as was particularly evident for the platelet, promyelocyte, myelocyte, monocyte, promonocyte, and erythrocyte cell groups. The data indicated that the number of cryptic GM1 and/or higher gangliosides exposed by neuraminidase in the cell membrane varied during cell differentiation and was directly related to specific cell types. Exogenous GM1 also was demonstrated to be incorporated into the surface of the bone marrow cells in a differential manner and the extent of incorporation was found to be related to specific cell types and to their stage of maturation. PMID- 7014714 TI - Use of a specific antiserum for renin detection in human kidney. AB - The use of anti-human renin antibodies made possible the intrarenal localization of renin in human kidney by immunofluorescence. In normal kidney, only some juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) were fluorescent. In these JGA, granular or diffuse fluorescence was only seen in afferent arterioles and was not present in all cells. In the ischemic areas of partially infarcted kidney, fluorescence was seen in all JGA and in interlobular arteries. In these arteries the most eccentric cells were often the most positive. In the nonischemic areas of the same kidneys, fluorescence was not seen in JGA, but was observed in proximal tubular cells, suggesting the reabsorption of filtered renin at this site. PMID- 7014708 TI - Pavlov and psychiatry. PMID- 7014715 TI - Immunoenzymatic localization of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in decidual cells of the endometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women. AB - Prolactin-like immunoreactivity has been localized by an immunoenzymatic method in the decidual cells of the endometrium in cases of early (10 weeks) normal pregnancy, (12 weeks) molar pregnancy, (8--10 weeks) tubal pregnancy, and of a nonpregnant woman under progestogen (lynestrenol) treatment. A specific endocrine influence, predominantly progestogenic, rather than the implantation of trophoblastic tissue seems to be required for the appearance of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the decidual cells of the endometrium. PMID- 7014716 TI - The demand for nursing home care: a comment. PMID- 7014717 TI - Mitogenic response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to a purified C. albicans polysaccharide fraction: lack of helper activities is responsible for the in vitro unresponsiveness to a second antigenic challenge. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes primed with MPPS (a polysaccharide fraction extracted from C. albicans) were unable to respond to a second challenge of the same antigen. The proliferative response of these lymphocytes was restored by both mitomycin C-treated fresh autologous lymphocytes and by helper factors. Removal of Ia+ cells from fresh lymphocytes abolished the helper effect. On the other hand, when primed lymphocytes were depleted of Ia+ cells, the helper factor responding cells were eliminated, whereas Ia- cells maintained the capacity to respond to fresh autologous lymphocytes. A model for cell-cell cooperation involved in the regulation of the immune response to this antigen is proposed. PMID- 7014718 TI - Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) with antibody-coated effectors: rat and human effectors versus tumor targets. AB - We have previously described techniques that cause antibody molecules to remain bound to P388D1 cells for at least 18 hr, and enable these cells to lyse hapten coated erythrocytes not sensitized with antibody. These methods collectively are called "franking." In this study, we have determined that these methods are applicable to other systems. We franked rat splenocytes and human peripheral blood leukocytes with rabbit anti-TNP antibody, and showed that they were capable of lysing TNP-tumor and erythrocyte targets (not coated with antibody) in a hapten-specific, antibody-dependent fashion. Both the mononuclear and the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte fractions of the human cells were capable of mediating lysis. Additionally, human leukocytes franked with rabbit antibody were stained with fluorescent goat anti-rabbit IgG Fab, and were analyzed for fluorescence by flow microfluorometry. Nearly all of the PMN cells and about one half of the mononuclear cells had IgG on their surfaces after franking. Clearly, not all cells can be franked, but those that can retain significant numbers of antibody molecules (approximately 5 X 10(4), in the case of PMN cells) on their surfaces. PMID- 7014719 TI - Macrophage receptors for IgE: binding of IgE to specific IgE Fc receptors on a human macrophage cell line, U937. AB - Human IgE was found to bind to the human macrophage line U937. Binding was specific for IgE in that it was inhibited by 3 different human IgE myeloma proteins and by Fc fragments prepared from IgE, but not by IgE Fab fragments or by myeloma proteins representative of the 4 IgG subclasses or by a rat IgE myeloma protein. Dissociation and association rates were rapid, with estimated t1/2 of less than 1 min. The Ka was 4.15 X 10(7) liter/mol. Between 53,000 and 93,000 sites per cell were calculated. The U937 receptor for IgE was trypsin sensitive, whereas the receptor for IgG on the same cell was relatively trypsin resistant. PMID- 7014720 TI - Activation of autologous reactive helper T lymphocytes for differentiation of human B lymphocytes. AB - We present experimental evidence that autologous reactive T cells are triggered to proliferate by HLA-D or Ia-like antigens on pokeweed mitogen-pulsed non-T cells and that a subpopulation of these proliferating cells in turn helps PWM primed B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. These helper T cells displayed a proliferation kinetics different from that of other autologous reactive T cells in peaking on the second day of culture and were relatively resistant to irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C. Since heterologous anti-Ia antibody (F(ab')2 reagent) inhibits proliferation of helper T cells and the generation of plaque-forming cells, Ia antigen is an essential component in PWM-stimulated B cell differentiation. Anti-Ia reagent was shown to interfere with B cell differentiation in 2 ways. First, it abrogates the ability of PWM-primed non-T cells to activate helper T cells. Second, it directly affects a differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting cells even in the presence of the activated helper T cells. PMID- 7014721 TI - Spontaneous reverse haemolytic plaque formation. I. Technical aspects of the protein A assay. PMID- 7014722 TI - Liposome immune assay (LIA). Use of membrane antigens inserted into labeled lipid vesicles as targets in immune assays. AB - A new method is described for detection of membrane antigens and antibodies against such structures. By inserting partially purified rat transplantation antigen (RT-1) into iodine or fluorescein-labeled lipid vesicles, a precipitation of the liposome is demonstrated by the use of a specific alloantiserum and a heterologous anti-rat IgG serum. Precipitation of liposomes carrying WF transplantation antigens could be detected at a final dilution of the alloantiserum of 1:3000, which is comparable to that obtained in a 51Cr-release assay. Furthermore, when unpurified membrane proteins from WF splenocytes were incorporated into labeled liposomes, an amount of RT-1 corresponding to 8000 cells could be detected. PMID- 7014723 TI - A simple method for isolating specific antibodies to complement components. AB - A simple procedure for isolating specific antibodies to complement components C3, C4 and C5b-9 from whole rabbit antisera or immunoglobin preparations is described. Antisera are first reacted with complement-treated sheep erythrocyte membranes. Immunoglobulins are eluted from the washed membranes with acetic acid at pH 2.4, and further purified by one absorption/desorption step on Protein A Sepharose. The final protein preparations contain greater than 90% rabbit immunoglobins, as assessed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Binding assays with radioiodinated protein preparations indicate a content of specific antibodies in the range 5-55% of total protein. Since there is virtually no non-specific binding of protein to control cells or membranes, the immunoglobulin preparations are well suited for use in sensitive immunoassays for complement components. PMID- 7014724 TI - Characterization of human teratoma cell lines for their in vitro developmental properties and expression of embryonic and major histocompatibility locus associated antigens. AB - Five human teratoma cell lines have been characterized for the presence of a certain number of marker antigens whose presence or absence has been shown to be characteristic of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Four out of the five lines have been shown to respond to at least some of the criteria associated with murine EC cells even though only limited in vitro differentiation could be demonstrated. The significance of certain unusual marker antigen combinations present on the cell line Tera I and its clones and so far unobserved for the murine model is discussed. The observation in Tera I populations of cells carrying simultaneously both the F9 and beta 2-microglobulin or HLA antigens, suggest that the human cell lines may represent a novel material for the study of mammalian differentiation. PMID- 7014725 TI - The pathogenic role of pemphigus antibodies and proteinase in epidermal acantholysis. AB - The pathogenic role of pemphigus autoantibodies and proteinases in epidermal acantholysis has been studied in organ cultures of normal human skin. Dose dependent acantholysis occurred in skin explants cultured in medium containing 2 30 mg/ml of gamma-globulin from pemphigus serum. Acantholysis was not seen in explants cultured with 2 mg/ml pemphigus gamma-globulin although antibody binding to the epidermis was observed. Some degenerative changes in addition to acantholysis were present when 30 mg/ml pemphigus gamma-globulin was added to the medium. The addition of N,ethylmaleimide(NEM) and ethylene diamine tetraacetate(EDTA) prevented binding of pemphigus antibody to epidermis in culture. Soybean trypsin inhibitor and pepstatin had no effect on binding of pemphigus antibody to the epidermis but they did inhibit acantholysis in vitro. Our results suggest that pemphigus-induced acantholysis may be caused by at least 2 different types of enzyme. PMID- 7014726 TI - Subpopulations of lymphocytes and lymphocyte transformation tests in atopic dermatitis: evaluation of a systemic treatment with a new chromone compound and comparison with a normal group. AB - In 28 adults patients with atopic dermatitis participating in a double-blind controlled clinical trial of systemic treatment with a new chromone compound, immune monitoring were performed with a number of in vitro tests. The parameters were phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, purified protein tuberculin derivative, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, streptokinase/streptodornase, and allogene lymphocytes in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. No benefit could be proven for the drug in the clinical investigation or any change in the immunological tests during the trial. There was no demonstrable differences in the applied immunoparameters between mild and severe atopic dermatitis. The study group was compared with an age- and sex matched control group and a general tendency to decreased T-cell function in the PHA, PWM, PPD and MLC tests together with a slightly increased HEAC percentage was found in the patients with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7014727 TI - Bacterial adherence: adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surface. AB - Recent studies have indicated that the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces is the initial event in the pathogenesis of most infectious diseases due to bacteria in animals and humans. An understanding of the mechanisms of attachment and a definition of the adhesive molecules on the surfaces of bacteria (adhesins) as well as those on host cell membranes (receptors) have suggested new approaches to the prevention of serious bacterial infections: (1) application of purified adhesion or receptor materials or their analogues as competitive inhibitors of bacterial adherence; (2) administration of sublethal concentrations of antibiotics that suppress the formation and expression of bacterial adhesins; and (3) development of vaccines against bacterial surface components involved in adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Progress has already been made in the development of antiadhesive vaccines directed against the fimbrial adhesins of several human bacterial pathogens. PMID- 7014728 TI - Joseph E. Smadel memorial lecture. Strategy for development of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract viral vaccines in the 1980s. PMID- 7014729 TI - Maxwell Finland lecture. An adventure in the pathogenetic maze of rheumatic fever. PMID- 7014730 TI - Bacteria-specific antibody in the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis and cystitis. AB - Urine specimens from 65 adult patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections that involved 91 episodes of well-defined acute pyelonephritis or cystitis were tested for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) by a fluorescent antibody assay, unbound bacteria-specific antibody by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and levels of total protein and IgG. Acute pyelonephritis was associated with positive tests for ACB (22 [69%] of 32), elevated levels of unbound antibody (28 [88%] of 32), and a mean RIA binding ratio of 9.4. Cystitis was associated with negative tests for ACB (56 [95%] of 59), low levels of antibody in urine (38 [64%] of 59), and a mean RIA binding ratio of 3.2. The results showed that a negative test for ACB may occur with elevated levels of unbound antibody in the urine because, although elevated, levels were still too low to result in detectable antibody coating of the bacteria. There was often, but not always, a correlation between RIA binding ratios and levels of urinary protein and IgG. PMID- 7014731 TI - Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 in the rabbit: the peyer's patch as the initial site of attachment and colonization. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli (RDEC-1) has been described that in rabbits colonizes the intestine; adheres to mucosal epithelial cells of the ileum, cecum, and colon; and causes diarrhea by an unknown mechanism. This study attempted to determine the location of the bacteria in the rabbit intestine during the unexplained six- to seven-day interval between bacterial inoculation and onset of diarrhea. Specimens of ileum, cecum, colon, ileal Peyer's patches, sacculus rotundus, and appendix from control rabbits and from rabbits killed at intervals after inoculation with RDEC-1 bacteria were examined by light and direct fluorescence microscopy. Bacteria in large numbers attach to the tips of the Peyer's patch lymphoid follicles by 24 hr, but they did not attached to ileal, cecal, or colonic mucosa until three days after inoculation. The lag time between inoculation and onset of diarrhea was probably due to the need for the bacteria first to attach to and then colonize the Peyer's patch lymphoid follicles. The intestinal mucosa was probably colonized by bacteria shed from the Peyer's patches. PMID- 7014732 TI - Intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Legionella pneumophila was inoculated onto tissue culture monolayers of MRC-5, HeLa, Hep 2, and McCoy cells. Fresh and conditioned medium without cells served as controls. Cultures were harvested at various times after inoculation, serial log10 dilutions were performed, and growth of L. pneumophila was quantitated either by direct immunofluorescence or by counting colony-forming units on Feeley Gorman agar. Growth in monolayers was demonstrated using both techniques. Within 72--96 hr after inoculation, supernatants of infected cells became cloudy, and the cells demonstrated cytopathic changes. In the medium controls, titers of L. pneumophila remained constant by immunofluorescence and declined by counting colonies on agar. When L. pneumophila was inoculated onto monolayers and gentamicin was added 3 hr later, organisms were recovered from the cells but not from supernatants. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic organisms. These studies indicate that L. pneumophila acts as an intracellular pathogen in tissue cultures, and this characteristic may offer a simple method for studying growth and pathogenicity of this unusual bacillus in humans. PMID- 7014733 TI - Virulence in mice of epidemic strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from children. AB - The virulence of 30 multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium, which produced nine severe outbreaks in children's hospitals, was tested in mice. The arithmetic mean of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for mice was 1.37 x 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) compared with a mean LD50 of 2.65 x 10(5) cfu for 18 normal strains (P less than 0.005). Thirteen of the epidemic strains had an LD50 of greater than 10(7) cfu and on the average were 80 times less virulent than strain CDC 9, which has been kept in the laboratory for greater than 40 years. The unexpected results show that apparently the factors determining virulence for children are not the same as those for mice, and they raise doubts about the validity of using mice to study the salmonella host-parasite relationship in humans. Genetic material carried by the transfer factor may be responsible for the altered virulence of the epidemic strains. PMID- 7014734 TI - Infection morbidity after cesarean section. PMID- 7014735 TI - Correlative light and immunohistological study of the HCG-like antigen in the squamous cell carcinoma of the human uterine cervix. AB - Immunoperoxidase reactions with the use of anti-HCG antibody was applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of 52 squamous cell carcinomas of human uterine cervix. These include 19 cases of carcinoma in situ, 5 microinvasive and 28 invasive squamous cell carcinomas. We found that the HCG like antigen was present in a few cells of cancer cell nests and didn't distribute as found on the syncytiotrophoblastic cells. We couldn't correlate the presence or absence of HCG-like antigen to histological degrees of cancer cell differentiation and lymphocyte infiltrations. This antigen seemed to occur in lymphatic type more than in cirrhotic type, although no statistical significant correlation could be found. These results were discussed in the association of immunological meaning of HCG. PMID- 7014736 TI - [A study on the immunity of pregnancy. The localization of HCG on the cell membrane of lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - The study was made for women in 10 weeks and 12 weeks of pregnancy, and also for non-pregnant women and men as controls. Heparinized peripheral venous blood of them were obtained, and lymphocytes were separated by specific gravity centrifugation by Lymphoprep, to be used as samples. For enzyme reaction, at first a separated lymphocyte PBS suspension was smeared on a glass sheet, dried in air and fixed for 15 minutes by 4% PLP solution, then to make antigen-antibody reaction by direct method. After the reaction, the reaction product was fixed for 10 minutes by 2% glutaraldehyde and, with color developed by Karnovsky method. Antibodies used were (1) HRP-anti human alpha-HCG rabbit Fab', (2) HRP-anti human beta-HCG rabbit Fab' and (3) HRP-anti human native HCG rabbit Fab', and furthermore, (4) HRP-N rabbit serum and (5) HRP-anti rabbit IgG goat F(ab)2 were used as staining controls. In the reaction group of pregnant cases with alpha HCG, beta-HCG and N-HCG antisera, the brown color of reaction products was observed on lymphocyte cell membranes to prove the localization of HCG. The existence of lymphocytes negative in the reaction and the difference in color development degrees among lymphocytes positive in the reaction were also observed, to show quantitative difference in localization. In the group of the controls and in the staining control group of pregnant cases, no reaction was observed at all. PMID- 7014737 TI - [Anti-LPS (endotoxin) antibodies in sera of patients with periodontal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014738 TI - [Diabetes caused by anti-insulin receptor antibody: characterization of insulin receptor antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014739 TI - The smallpox story: man finally defeats an old adversary. PMID- 7014740 TI - Calcium hydroxide in endodontics: a review. PMID- 7014742 TI - Humoral immunity in experimental Pneumocystis carinii infection. I. Serum and bronchial lavage fluid antibody responses in rats. AB - Humoral immune responses to Pneumocystis carinii were studied in rats by an IFA technique. Serum IgG antibody titers to the organism were diminished in rats administered corticosteroids to produce P. carinii infection but rose with steroid tapering and clearance of the organism from the lungs. A similar pattern of changes occurred in total serum IgG and IgM but not IgA levels by single radial diffusion. Serum antibody titers developed in control rats housed in the same room for greater than or equal to 10 weeks with P. carinii--infected rats and in old but not young rats obtained from commercial breeders. Antibody titers in bronchial lavage fluid supernatants paralleled those in serum, but albumin levels were low and IgA was the only immunoglobulin detected. By contrast, P. carinii organisms in lavage fluid sediments had IgG, IgA, and IgM detected by IFA on their surface. We conclude that the host develops systemic and local antibodies to P. carinii with both active infection and prolonged environmental exposure. PMID- 7014741 TI - Contact activation of human plasma prorenin in vitro. AB - Acid activation of plasma prorenin occurs during dialysis to pH 3.3. and also during subsequent dialysis to pH 7.4. The latter, alkaline phase, involves Hageman factor-dependent formation of kallikrein, which in turn activates prorenin. The present study evaluates whether prorenin activation always occurs whenever kallikrein is activated in plasma. TAME esterase activity was used as a measure of plasma kallikrein activity an increase was observed during the alkaline phase of acid activation of prorenin. TAME esterase activity was absent when Hageman factor- or prekallikrein-deficient plasmas were similarly assayed and prorenin was not activated. Kaolin treatment of normal plasma rapidly increased TAME esterase activity at both 25 degrees and -4 degrees C, but no prorenin activation occurred. Similar changes in TAME esterase activity were observed in acid-treated plasma, in which setting prorenin was activated. No change in TAME esterase or renin activity occurred after addition of kaolin to acid-treated plasma deficient in Hageman factor; however, both enzymatic activities increased slightly in acidified prekallikrein-deficient plasma. Mixtures of these deficient plasmas exhibited normal kaolin activation of both TAME esterase and prorenin after acidification. Thus both Hageman factor and prekallikrein are needed for optimal contact activation of prorenin. These results demonstrate that prorenin activation does not always occur when active kallikrein is present in plasma. Prior acidification appears to be a prerequisite. Acidified prorenin may be more susceptible to cleavage; alternatively, competing substrates and/or inhibitors of kallikrein may be destroyed at acid pH, thereby permitting kallikrein to activate prorenin. Under normal conditions, activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system appears unlikely to result in activation of prorenin in vivo. PMID- 7014743 TI - Detection of platelet alloimmunity with a platelet-associated IgG assay. AB - A quantitative immunofluorescence PA-IgG assay was used to detect alloimmunity to platelets. The assay identified serum alloantibodies in 10 out of 14 multitransfused patients and for two of three infants with neonatal thrombocytopenia. The correct separation of all multitransfused patients into alloimmune and nonalloimmune groups by the PA-IgG assay was substantiated with chromium-51--labeled platelet survival studies. The allogeneic nature of the serum antibodies was demonstrated by progressive absorption of the antibody with increasing numbers of allogeneic platelets but not with autologous platelets. The sensitivity of the PA-IgG assay for detection of serum alloantibodies was superior to that of platelet aggregation, platelet serotonin release, and lymphocytotoxicity testing. In dilution experiments with alloimmune serum, elevated levels of serum PA-IgG could still be detected on donor platelets when platelet aggregation and serotonin release tests became negative. Platelet survival studies with selected platelets performed in the 10 alloimmunized, multitransfused patients confirmed the results of the PA-IgG assays, predicting alloimmunity to the donor platelets. In contrast, platelet aggregation, platelet serotonin release, and lymphocytotoxicity testing indicated alloimmunity for 50% or less of the patients. Reduced platelet survival times were also seen with HLA A- and HLA B-matched donor platelets when donor-recipient incompatibility was demonstrated by the PA-IgG assay. Thus the PA-IgG assay provides a sensitive method to detect serum platelet alloantibodies and may offer a technique in platelet crossmatching. PMID- 7014744 TI - Stress ulcer: a selected review. PMID- 7014745 TI - Fred C. Rainey, M.D. secretary of AMPAC. PMID- 7014746 TI - Optimal methods for the isolation of groups A, B, C and G streptococci. AB - The recovery of beta-haemolytic streptococci on laboratory media over a 48-hour period was studied from a variety of swabs held in plastic containers only, and from those held in transport media, stored either at room temperature or at 4 degrees C. The best results were obtained from swabs not held in transport medium and of these plain cotton-wool swabs consistently produced optimal results. The percentage recovery over 48 hours was maintained satisfactorily only when the swabs were kept at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7014747 TI - The effect of the Feingold diet on 'normal" school children. PMID- 7014748 TI - A review of some alternative approaches to drug management of hyperactivity in children. PMID- 7014749 TI - On comparing learning disabled and regular classroom children. PMID- 7014750 TI - Obtaining good tissue reactions in crown and bridge therapy. PMID- 7014751 TI - Alternative methods of restoring the occlusion in the partially edentulous patient. PMID- 7014752 TI - Closure of large cribriform defects with a forehead flap. PMID- 7014753 TI - The medical career of Samuel Stout -- Part II. PMID- 7014755 TI - Comfortable suture removal. PMID- 7014756 TI - Expanded use of the ultrasonic scaler. PMID- 7014757 TI - An endodontic technique for salvaging severely decayed teeth. PMID- 7014754 TI - Post core restoration in endodontically treated posterior teeth. PMID- 7014758 TI - Low incidence of group B streptococcal vaginal colonization at 38 weeks' gestation in a military family practice obstetric population. PMID- 7014759 TI - The maximin strategy in modern obstetrics. AB - Many currently accepted obstetrical practices exemplify a maximin strategy: making the best of the worst possible outcome, regardless of the actual probability of that outcome occurring. But a survey of recent obstetrical research fails to document superior clinical results when this strategy is employed in routine obstetrical care. Most research has studied obstetrical technologies in isolation rather than as parts of systems of interconnected interventions: this approach has tended to underestimate the risks of intervention and to overestimate the utility of a maximin strategy. Physicians practicing obstetrics should adopt a flexible approach and match the degree and type of intervention to actual patient needs. Better methods of assessing preventable prenatal risk are needed to allow identification of the rare obstetrical patient requiring maximal intervention. PMID- 7014760 TI - Localization of smooth-muscle myosin in branchial pillar cells of snapper (Chrysophys auratus) by immunofluorescence histochemistry. AB - Smooth muscle myosin was localized in pillar cells by immunofluorescence histochemistry of gills from snapper (Chrysophys auratus). The amount of myosin present is comparable to that seen in mammalian vascular smooth muscle. No differences in the distribution of myosin-containing pillar cells, either within or between different secondary lamellae, were noted. The possibility that contractile proteins in pillar cells could function as autoregulators of blood flow, by responding with changes in active tension to alterations in the rate of change of pressure with each cardiac cycle, is discussed. PMID- 7014762 TI - The relaxation response: your inborn capacity to counteract the harmful effects of stress. PMID- 7014763 TI - Drug misuse - the barbiturate problem. PMID- 7014761 TI - Ultrastructural localization of gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the pituitary gland of a teleost fish (the platyfish). AB - Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (irLHRH) and immunoreactive gonadotropin (irGtH) are demonstrated in the pituitary gland of a teleost fish (Xiphophorus maculatus, the platyfish) at the ultrastructural level. Using a immunoperoxidase procedure, irGtH and irLHRH are specifically localized over the secretory granules of both gonadotropes and some cells of the pars intermedia (PI). All other pituitary cell types lack immunoreactive material. A concept of LHRH receptors on gonadotrope granules is discussed and a new function for a class of PI cells is suggested. PMID- 7014764 TI - The evaluation of an homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (Emit) and radioimmunoassay for barbiturates. PMID- 7014765 TI - The fingermark. The prime piece of scientific evidence. PMID- 7014766 TI - Effect of tif expression, irradiation of recipient and presence of plasmid pKM101 on recovery of a marker from a donor exposed to ultraviolet light prior to conjugation. AB - To detect the effect of the postulated inducible error-prone repair system ('SOS repair') on the bacterial chromosome, an Hfr Escherichia coli strain JC5088 recA was u.v.-irradiated immediately before mating it with recipients in which SOS repair was supposed to be functioning through tif expression, u.v. irradiation or the presence of plasmid pKM101. The recombinant yields of these crosses were compared with those obtained in corresponding crosses with recipients in which SOS repair either was not induced or was totally eliminated by the lexA mutation. No difference in marker recovery efficiency could be detected between these two sets of recipients and thus no induced repair process acting on donor DNA could be demonstrated. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed. PMID- 7014767 TI - Protoplasts from yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans. AB - Protoplasts have been obtained in high yields from the yeast and mycelial forms of a variety of strains of Candida albicans by enzyme digestion of cells with commercially available lytic enzymes. The protoplast formation procedure was equally effective for exponential and stationary phase cells. Pretreatment with dithiothreitol and Pronase in the presence of EDTA and Tris was necessary. Other thiol reagents and conditions did not release protoplasts from all the strains of C. albicans tested. Treatment with digestive juice of the snail Helix pomatia required the addition of chitinase for the release of protoplasts from most strains tested. Conditions for maximizing the yield of protoplasts and the activities of beta-glucuronidase and chitinase were determined. Electron microscopy of C. albicans showed that the pretreatment conditions removed the outer layers and the treatment itself completely removed the inner layers of the cell wall. More than 90% of the protoplasts produced by this model were viable as assessed by vital staining with Janus Green B. PMID- 7014768 TI - Naturally occurring R.ColBM plasmids belonging to the IncFIII incompatibility group. AB - Two Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections were resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, tetracycline and sulphonamides. The strains also produced colicins B and M. The resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin and neomycin and the ability to produce colicins B and M could be transferred to an E. coli K12 recipient. Resistance and colicinogeny markers were transferred together by conjugation, and did not segregate even after interrupted mating or phage P1-mediated transduction. Hence, the drug-resistance and colicinogeny markers were carried by the same plasmid, designated as R.ColBM plasmid. The two R.ColBM plasmids were Fi+ and produced an F-like pilus. They belonged to the IncFIII incompatibility group, being thus the first R plasmids identified in this group. The two plasmids were isolated and their molecular sizes were determined by electrophoresis in agarose gels and by contour length measurements. Both methods showed that both plasmids were about 52 megadaltons. PMID- 7014769 TI - Immunological properties of the cell envelope components of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Several immunobiological properties of cell envelope components of Vibrio cholerae such as mitogenicity, antigenicity, adjuvanticity and toxicity were tested in mice. Killed whole bacteria, spheroplasts, lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins possessed mitogenic activity as determined by [3H]thymidine uptake in spleen cell cultures. All these components predominantly stimulated murine bone-marrow derived (B) lymphocytes. The mitogenicity induced by V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide was similar in magnitude to that observed with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide. Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide was mitogenic for gut-associated lymphocytes such as those obtained from Peyer's patches and small intestine. Antibody formation at the cellular level was detected by the haemolytic plaque assay. Plaque-forming cells to V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide were only detected when mice were immunized intraperitoneally with intact cells or with spheroplasts. Among the various cell envelope components, lipopolysaccharide alone possessed adjuvant properties as it increased the number of plaque-forming cells to sheep erythrocytes fourfold in mouse spleens. Also, lipopolysaccharide was the only component found to be toxic for the mouse (LD50 0 . 5 mg). Neither spheroplasts nor outer membrane of V. cholerae showed adjuvanticity or toxicity in mice. PMID- 7014770 TI - Effect of thymine deprivation on the restoration of DNA synthesis in ultraviolet irradiated Escherichia coli B/r Hcr+. AB - The influence of a prior period of thymine and amino acid deprivation on the restoration of DNA synthesis and on the fraction of cells surviving after u.v. irradiation and subsequent incubation with chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli B/r Hcr+ has been studied. Thymine and amino acid deprivation stimulated post irradiation DNA synthesis and increased the fraction of surviving cells if, in the period between deprivation and u.v. irradiation, protein synthesis occurred. It is concluded that proteins induced by thymine starvation participated in the repair of u.v.-irradiated cells. PMID- 7014771 TI - Effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on bacterial cell growth rate. AB - The effect of penicillins and cephalosporins on the rate of growth of individual cells of Escherichia coli on agar was determined by measurement of cell length using photomicrographs taken at frequent intervals. When exposed to cephalexin or carbenicillin at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration cell division was inhibited but growth in length proceeded at a uniform exponential rate until abruptly terminated by lysis. The rate of growth of such filamentous cells did not differ significantly from that of normal cells grown in the absence of antibiotic. In contrast, exposure to cephaloridine and amoxycillin at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration resulted in a marked diminution in the rate of cell growth, and lysis occurred very much sooner. At concentrations greatly in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration (greater than 100-fold) cephalexin also resulted in a diminution in the rate of cell growth and this was accompanied by earlier lysis. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7014772 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic study of the location of group-specific and type specific polysaccharide antigens on isolated walls of group B streptococci. AB - The ultrastructural locations of the group-specific polysaccharide and the type specific polysaccharides Ia, Ib, II and III of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) were studied on isolated walls by the direct immunoferritin technique. The type polysaccharides were located exclusively on the outer side of the wall on which they formed a distinct capsule. Except for strain 58/59 (type Ia) the thickness of the capsule was characteristic of each strain investigated. In all strains the type-specific ferritin labelling was confined to the outer surface of the capsule. The group-specific polysaccharide could be demonstrated on the inner surface in all strains tested. It could also be demonstrated on the outer surface in strains 59/59 (type Ib) and 8/66 (group B variant) and on most of the walls of strain 58/59 (type Ia). The failure to detect this antigen on the outer side of the walls of strains 60/59 (type II) and 13/63 (type III) and on some walls of strain 58/59 was probably due to the thickness of the type polysaccharide capsule. PMID- 7014773 TI - Purification and properties of peptides which induce germination of blastospores of Candida albicans. AB - A glycopeptide and a peptide have been isolated from bovine seminal plasma which together will induce germination of Candida albicans blastospores at 37 degrees C and in the presence of glucose and Mn2+. ?They have molecular weights of 2000 to 3000. Both peptides contain appreciable amounts of aspartic and glutamic acids, only the glycopeptide contains threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine, while only the peptide contains proline. Acid hydrolysates are fully active in inducing germination and a mixture of aspartic acid, lysine, histidine, threonine, proline and beta-alanine can replace them. Mn2+ is not then required. Amino acid mixtures are required to be present throughout the whole period in the incubation medium for full germination to take place, but the peptides can be removed after 1 h incubation and if the cells are resuspended in a buffered glucose medium full germination occurs after a further 3 h incubation. PMID- 7014774 TI - Studies on the induction and turnover of citrate-oxidizing capacity in Klebsiella aerogenes using chemostat culture. AB - Steady-state chemostat cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes growing on a carbon limited medium were challenged with pulse of carbon sources, and the resultant changes in dissolved oxygen tension were shown to reflect changes in respiration rate. These changes were used to study the kinetics of induction of citrate oxidizing capacity, which is most probably limited by citrate permease, and the return to the preinduced state. Previously unexposed cells showed a lag phase, the duration of which decreased with increasing growth rate, with a minimum of 10 min, followed by an induction phase of linear increase of citrate oxidation rate which continued as long as citrate was present. The rate of increase in activity, which can be equated to the rate of induction of citrate permease, was independent of citrate concentration but increased with growth rate. Previously exposed cells showed no lag and some residual activity before further induction. The kinetics of return to the preinduced state were unusual in that activity was short-lived with a half-life of 16 to 23 min while the lag took over 8 h to re establish. The rate of decay of activity decreased with increasing growth rate. PMID- 7014775 TI - Excretion of glutathione by methylglyoxal-resistant Escherichia coli. AB - A methylglyoxal-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli B excreted glutathione into the growth medium, especially during growth on medium containing methylglyoxal. In the presence of methylglyoxal, the total amount of glutathione excreted was increased about 50-fold over that of the wild-type strain. The resistant mutant had high activities of two enzyme systems: a glutathione-forming enzyme system (consisting of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase) and a glyoxalase system (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II). Methylglyoxal resistance appeared to be due to the simultaneous increase in the activities of these two enzyme systems. PMID- 7014776 TI - Isolation and immunological characterization of the nucleocapsid and membrane proteins of measles virus. AB - Measles virus nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) components were purified by two different procedures. Antigens were prepared by sedimenting material from 1% Cutscum extracts of infected cells into the interphase between 65 and 40% sucrose and further fractionation of the interphase material in a linear CsCl gradient, density range 1.20 to 1.33 g/ml. NP components contaminated with some M material and cellular actin banded at 1.30 to 1.32 g/ml, but at the low density range of 1.20 to 1.22 g/ml pure M component was demonstrable. Partially denatured antigens were obtained by elution of the 60K NP and 36K M polypeptides after SDS polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Rabbit hyperimmune sera were prepared against both purified antigens and isolated polypeptides. All sera reacted only with homologous antigen except the antiserum against NP components isolated from CsCl gradients, which also contained antibodies to the M component. Antibodies against NP antigen stained both intranuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic material in immune fluorescence tests. In contrast, antisera against M antigen only stained the cytoplasm. Since intranuclear nucleocapsids are smooth, whereas intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids are 'fuzzy', this may infer that the fuzziness, at least in part, is caused by M antigen adhering to nucleocapsid components. PMID- 7014777 TI - Further studies on the use of protein A in immune electron microscopy for detecting virus particles. AB - The immune electron microscopic technique which involves pre-coating electron microscope grids with protein A before coating them with the specific antiserum, has been found suitable for detecting isometric insect and plant viruses. With the three virus-antibody combinations tested, the optimum antiserum dilution for protein A plus antiserum treatment was found to be 1:100 or less, whereas in the case of grids treated with antiserum alone it ranged from 1:1000 to 1:2000 although the titre of the antisera ranged from 1:512 to 1:4096. The increase in the number of particles on grids treated with protein A plus antiserum over those treated with antiserum alone, at each optimal antiserum dilution, was 25.7-fold (sugarcane mosaic virus), 2.1-fold (tobacco mosaic virus) and 1.6- and 2.4-fold (Erysimum latent virus--two different sap dilutions). Protein A plus antiserum coated grids can be stored for up to 6 months at 4 degrees C, but not at room temperature or in a desiccator, and still retain about 25% of their activity, sufficient to detect any virus using the electron microscope. Antisera preserved in glycerol can be used successfully for detecting viruses by immune electron microscopy. PMID- 7014779 TI - Rubella immunity by four different techniques: results of challenge studies. AB - When 42 sera with low or inconsistent levels of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies were tested by single radial haemolysis (SRH) radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), RIA was shown to be the most reliable test for detecting low levels of antibody. SRH, however, was found to be an acceptable alternative screening test for rubella antibodies and was more reliable than HAI. Although SRH plates prepared in our own laboratory failed to detect antibodies in six sera, in five of the six, antibodies were only at a low level (RIA titre 1:20-1:80). OriVir plates (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) failed to detect low levels of antibody in only three sera. There were six (14.3%) sera which were false positives in the HAI test. These women were shown to be seronegative by radioimmunoassay and, when three of these six volunteers were vaccinated, they developed a typical primary immune response which resembled that developed by 43 seronegative women following vaccination. Fifteen of the young women with consistently low HAI titres and one woman who was seronegative by HAI but seropositive by RIA and ELISA were subsequently vaccinated. Six (37.5%) of these women showed no significant rise in titre by any of the tests employed, while ten had a significant rise in titre, detected by at least one test, with a low level of rubella-specific IgM detectable in one. PMID- 7014778 TI - Evaluation of solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay procedure in immunity surveys and diagnosis of rubella. AB - In the development of optimized micro-and macromethods for solid-phase rubella enzyme-immunoassay (EIA), the effect of various technical parameters was studied. Special emphasis was placed on elimination of defective polystyrene material, purity and quantity of immobilized antigen, use of reference sera in each microplate or macroprocedure, use of nonionic detergent in washing and diluent buffers, and use of a colourless enzyme substrate. A single serum dilution, analysed in duplicate, was sufficient provided the procedure was standardized. In quantitation of serum rubella antibodies, EIA gave values correlating well with those obtained with the single radial haemolysis test but not with low haemagglutination inhibition titres. The EIA procedure proved to be a useful and reliable serological tool in immunity surveys. When complemented by a rubella IgM test, EIA could also be used in diagnosis of recent rubella infections as a convenient primary serological test. PMID- 7014781 TI - Direct HIG test for rubella antibodies. AB - A modification of the haemolysis-in-gel test for rubella is described. This involves using, instead of sera, whole blood samples taken from the earlobe and placed directly onto the test plates without any pretreatment. A comparison was made between this method and the HI test. Samples from 461 individuals were tested by both methods. The results of these two tests were in good agreement. No false negatives or false positives were observed by the direct HIG test. The direct HIG test is particularly well suited for screening large groups for rubella antibodies in connection with a vaccination program. PMID- 7014780 TI - Hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, and ELISA tests for the detection of IgG and IgM to rubella virus. AB - Hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH) and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), performed with commercial antigen and reagents are described and were compared in the three distinct situations that require rubella antibody detection. Determination of immunity status was carried out on 156 sera. A degree of correlation greater than 0.9 was found when comparing the three methods. Analysis of a further 74 sera, from 31 primary infections and three congenital syndromes, was performed to compare the occurrence of the various classes of antibodies in the three tests: HI test and IgM-ELISA become positive the day after the rash, whereas SRH test is not positive before the sixth day. From our limited study bearing on a total of 230 sera, each test has a precise assignment. For the determination of immunity status, SRH is simpler, faster, and inexpensive; absence or evidence of past infection can be unequivocally obtained especially in cases of low (1:10, 1:20) residual immunity. In the serodiagnosis of a rubella rash, SRH alone, due to the delayed rise in antibody titers, will demonstrate a complete seroconversion with a first serum collected up to the fifth day of the eruption. In case of absence of an early serum, of primary infection in a pregnant woman, of a newborn with suspicion of congenital syndrome, the measurement of rubella specific IgM is best obtained with ELISA, a procedure less time-consuming than HI following centrifugal, chromatographic, or electrophoretic separation, and "light" (8 S) RF with SRH test is discussed. Interference of IgM Rheumatoid Factor (RF) with IgM ELISA and IgG RF with SRH test is discussed. PMID- 7014782 TI - Secretion of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors and antibody in human milk throughout lactation. AB - Neutralising inhibitors to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus have been demonstrated in the whey of most samples of human milk tested. Although high titres were secreted in colostra of some mothers (1/10-1/2,560; median 1/40) inhibitor levels in milk collected after the first week of lactation were uniformly low (median 1/10). High neutralising titres correlated with high colostral levels of specific antiviral IgA but, unlike neutralising activity, IgA antiviral antibody persisted in the milk of only four of 18 mothers. Similarly, antiviral IgG and IgM antibodies were not generally detected after the first post partum week. Differences in antibody secretion among mothers did not correlate with differences in total protein or total immunoglobulin secretion, and appeared to reflect maternal immune status. In one mother a marked rise in specific antiviral IgA and IgG secretions during the second and third months of lactation suggested a response to virus infection. The relevance of maternal immunity and colostral and milk antiviral antibody to protection of breast-fed babies from RS virus bronchiolitis is discussed. PMID- 7014783 TI - Studies in man with cold-recombinant influenza virus (H1N1) live vaccines. AB - Two cold-recombinant influenza A (H1N1) viruses were tested in several groups of human volunteers. Only minor clinical symptoms were seen and no febrile reactions occurred. With serologically primed individuals virus shedding was low, but a high proportion showed rises in serum antibody levels after vaccination and mean titres were high. With serologically unprimed volunteers shedding was high, about 75% yielding viruses but only at low titres and for a short duration. No revertant viruses were found and there was no evidence of transmission to potentially susceptible individuals housed in close contact to the vaccinees. Serum antibody responses with unprimed volunteers were, however, low. Only about one half showed increases in serum antibody titres after vaccination and mean titres were low. Nevertheless, challenge with live attenuated virus indicated a high degree of protection based on virological evidence of infection. PMID- 7014784 TI - Preparation of a highly purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis by continuous flow zonal ultracentrifugation. AB - By the use of continuous-flow zonal ultracentrifugation, a highly purified, inactivated tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus vaccine was prepared tht contained almost exclusively TBE virus particles. The purity of this preparation was 90- to 100-fold higher than that of a previously used partially purified vaccine. A mean protein content of 3-5 microgram/ml in the final vaccine represents 20 mouse protective doses50 in a mouse challenge potency test. This high degree of purity resulted in a strong reduction of side reactions observed with the less purified vaccine. PMID- 7014785 TI - Studies of glucose metabolism in rhesus monkeys after Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated a diabetogenic effect of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus in hamsters. A preliminary study was conducted in which five 2- to 3-year-old rhesus monkeys were infected with the virulent Trinidad donkey strain of VEE virus and their carbohydrate metabolism was studied over 10 months. All animals developed mild clinical illness (rhinorrhea, cough, fever), were viremic, and developed antibodies. As compared with the results of preinoculation intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), the monkeys had abnormally high glucose values by 2 months postinoculation (PI), progressively diminished insulin responses between 8 days and 5 months PI, and significantly lower glucagon curves 2, 5, and 10 months PI. Pancreatic histology and insulin content were normal. A second, controlled study was conducted of glucose and insulin metabolism in somewhat older (3- to 8-year-old) rhesus monkey after they were infected with both the Trinidad donkey strain of VEE virus and the attenuated VEE vaccine (TC-83). Groups of six monkeys received the virulent virus and the TC-83 vaccine, and five animals were sham-inoculated with saline. Monkeys inoculated with virulent virus became viremic, and 50% became febrile without overt signs of illness, whereas those given TC-83 virus remained afebrile and did not become viremic, but five of six developed antibodies. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed and serum immunoreactive insulin responses to glucose administration measured before infection and 2 and 5 months later. No significant and consistent alterations of glucose or insulin responses were detected in the infected or control groups. Although several animals had preinoculation anti-islet cell antibodies, none developed new antibodies during the study. PMID- 7014786 TI - Late-onset acid maltase deficiency. Biochemical studies of leukocytes. AB - The activities of acid and neutral maltase were measured in lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets isolated from controls and from 5 patients with late onset acid maltase deficiency (AMD). Lymphocytes from patients had markedly decreased activity of acid maltase and elevated neutral/acid ratios. In granulocytes, acid maltase was also lower than in controls, but significant activity was retained at pH 4: neutral/acid ratios were consistently elevated. Normal platelets had low acid and high neutral maltase activities: both enzyme activities varied within wide ranges and patients could not be distinguished from controls. The variable proportion of different cell types in unfractionated leukocyte preparations may yield unreliable values when used for detection of AMD. However, lymphocytes isolated from 20 ml of blood provide a readily accessible and reliable source of tissue for accurate diagnosis. PMID- 7014787 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of thymosin-alpha 1 in thymic epithelial cells of normal and myasthenia gravis patients and in thymic cultures. AB - Thymosin alpha 1 (alpha 1) is a potent thymic polypeptide hormone. With antibodies against synthetic thymosin alpha 1, indirect immunofluorescence was applied to human normal thymus and to hyperplastic, thymomatous or "involuted" thymus of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Alpha 1 was localized only in the epithelial cells, lying singly, grouped, in Hassall's corpuscles or proliferated in thymomas. In contrast to normal thymus, which had fewer and more weakly stained cells, MG hyperplastic thymus had many strongly positive epithelial cells: this was markedly evident in thymomas. "Involuted" MG thymus had a few but brightly stained cells lying within the fatty tissue. In tissue cultures of human thymus, anti-alpha 1 stained the epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts. These findings: (a) demonstrate the origin of the thymic hormone alpha 1 to be the thymic epithelial cell; (b) raise the possibility that excess alpha 1 may act pathologically to facilitate and perpetuate the dysimmune mechanism in MG; (c) may partially explain the beneficial effect of thymectomy in MG patients of any age; and (d) suggest that epithelial cells may be autonomous for the production of alpha 1 as evidenced by their positivity in tissue culture. PMID- 7014788 TI - Spontaneous evolution of non traumatic dissecting aneurysms of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery. Radiological aspects. PMID- 7014789 TI - William J. German, M.D., 1899--1981. PMID- 7014790 TI - Steroids in severe head injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial. AB - This is a prospective randomized study of the efficacy of steroid therapy in patients with severe head injury. One hundred patients were randomized into two equal groups: the steroid group received 5 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone, and the nonsteroid group received no drug. The groups were similar in their clinical features. All patients received a standardized therapeutic regimen. The patients were also classified as early responders or nonresponders to the overall treatment protocol without regard to steroid administration, on the basis of change in Glasgow Coma Scale score during the first 3 days of admission. There was no statistically significant difference in the outcome of the steroid and nonsteroid group at 6 months. Of the responders who were on steroids, 74% had good outcomes or were disabled, compared with 56% of the responders who did not receive steroids. In the nonresponder group, the patients on steroids were actually associated with a worse outcome than those who did not receive steroids: 75% of the nonresponders who received steroids were dead or vegetative, compared to 56% of those who were not receiving steroids. The data suggest that: 1) the effect of steroids may be different for different patient groups; 2) in order to identify these patients, a sensitive coma scale is needed; and 3) a rational approach to steroid therapy in head-injured patients may be to start all patients on steroids, but to discontinue their use in patients identified as not benefiting from steroid therapy. PMID- 7014792 TI - Chronic subdural hematomas: a review. PMID- 7014793 TI - Transkull focal lesions in cat brain produced by ultrasound. AB - Focused ultrasound has been used for focal modifications of brain tissue and in preliminary studies of the application of ultrasonic techniques for tissue modification in human stereotaxic neurosurgery; however, the technique has been seriously compromised by the necessity of removal of intervening skull. Such removal was necessary to avoid distortion and extremely large attenuation of the ultrasonic beam which resulted from passage through bone. Recent studies have shown that under proper conditions focal beams of ultrasound can be transmitted with tolerable and attenuation through skull, suggesting the possibility of transkull lesion production in brain. This report describes the acoustical parameters and histological features of focal brain lesions produced in 10 craniectomized cats with intense focal ultrasonic beams which first had passed through a formalin-fixed human skull overlay. The histological appearance of these lesions produced to date is similar to that produced previously without intervening skull. PMID- 7014794 TI - Hevesy nuclear medicine pioneer lecture: William G Myers. PMID- 7014791 TI - Age as a critical factor in the success of surgical correction of craniosynostosis. AB - The effect of timing of the surgical release of prematurely immobilized coronal sutures was studied in rabbits. At 9 days of age, the coronal suture was mechanically immobilized by the application of methyl cyanoacrylate adhesive. These animals and a control group then received metallic implants on each side of the suture to monitor growth. At 30, 60, or 90 days after suture immobilization, separate groups of animals underwent a linear suturectomy to release the restriction. In animals in which the suture was not released, growth at the coronal suture was significantly restricted and resulted in severe deformities in the neurocranium. The benefits derived from surgical release were time-dependent. Suturectomy at 30 days of age resulted within 60 days in achievement of 100% of the growth in sham-treated controls. In contrast, delayed surgery at 60 or 90 days of age resulted in achievement of only 38% and 17% of normal growth, respectively. Angular measurements of the vault and base of the cranium showed a similar graded response toward normality, with the greatest correction occurring with the earliest operation. These results support the clinical impression that early surgical correction of craniosynostosis results in superior cosmetic appearance. A further implication of this work is that abnormality at a single suture strongly influences the development of other areas in the craniofacial complex. PMID- 7014795 TI - DNA labeling of rat epithelial tissues in vitamin A deficiency. AB - We examined the effect of vitamin A nutritional status on cell division in various epithelial tissues of the rat. Tissues were examined by histological methods, and DNA labeling was assessed by autoradiography. Mild vitamin A deficiency decreased the DNA labeling index in the trachea and the epidermis, while not altering the histological appearance of the tissue. In some tracheae, foci of hyperplasia were present. The histological appearance and the DNA labeling index of the cornea, jejunum and colon were not altered by mild vitamin A deficiency. We concluded that a diminished proliferation of epithelial cells is a manifestation of suboptimal vitamin A availability in that tissue. PMID- 7014797 TI - Changes in lipid synthesis in rat adipose tissue during development. AB - Lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue during postnatal development has been studied by measuring the incorporation of labeled glucose into lipid in fat cells and the activities of certain enzymes which participate in lipogenesis. It was found that: (1) Fatty acid synthesis from glucose is negligible in the suckling period. After weaning, it increases rapidly and reaches a plateau at the age of 10 weeks. (2) Insulin sensitivity is negligible in the suckling period. After weaning it rises and then declines. (3) Activities of ATP citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase are maintained at a low level in the suckling period. After weaning, these activities rise rapidly and then decline. (4) Weaning rats onto a high-fat diet showed decreases in glucose incorporation into fatty acids, insulin sensitivity, ATP citrate lyase activity and acetyl CoA carboxylase activity. PMID- 7014796 TI - Effect of maternal zinc deficiency of food restriction on rat fetal pancreas. 2. Insulin and glucagon. AB - The influence of a maternal dietary deficiency of zinc, or food restriction on the content and in vitro secretion of pancreatic hormones was measured in rat fetuses on day 19 of gestation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a zinc deficient diet (0.4 +/- 0.1 ppm zinc) ad libitum or a zinc-supplemented control diet (100 ppm zinc) either ad libitum or with restricted intake. The insulin content of the fetal pancreas was lower in fetuses from rats subjected to zinc deprivation or to food restriction than in controls. The lower insulin content of fetal pancreata from zinc-deficient rats was related to a lower than normal proportion of insulin-containing beta cells. The lower insulin content of fetal pancreata from rats subjected to food restriction was related to a less than normal amount of insulin per beta cell. Glucagon concentration in the fetal pancreas was lower than normal in response to zinc deficiency but not to food restriction. Fetal hormone release in vitro was also influenced by the maternal diet. The rate of insulin secretion in vitro was normal in fetuses from zinc deficient rats, but was accelerated in those from females subjected to calorie restriction. The rate of glucagon secretion in vitro was lower than normal in the pancreata of zinc-deficient fetuses. We conclude that insulin and glucagon levels in the fetus were affected by maternal zinc deficiency and, to a lesser extent, by calorie restriction. PMID- 7014798 TI - Stresses in a cantilever metal-ceramic bridge in model experiments. AB - The stresses in the porcelain part of the last anchor crown in a cantilever bridge was analysed when loaded. The experiments were made with a model bridge. The load directions were vertical and horizontal. The critical load at the end of a four unit bridge was calculated to about 200 N. When the load direction was perpendicular to the axis of the pontic the critical load was estimated to 50 N. PMID- 7014799 TI - Patterns of cortical bone growth around alumina implants. AB - Intra-bony defects are frequently observed around endosseous implants. It has been thought that these are due to occlusal loading and infection. More recently it has been suggested that they may be related to implant shape. This hypothesis has been tested using alumina implants with flat, cone shaped and flared ends, which were inserted into the mandibles and iliac crests of rabbits. The implants remained in situ for up to 18 months and the tissue reaction was studied qualitatively and quantitatively using resin embedded histological sections. New bone was laid down parallel with the implant surface and at a pronounced angle to that in the cortex. Deep intra-bony defects were seen adjacent to the flared implants and, to a lesser extent, the straight ones. Tapering implants appeared to encourage bone growth on the implant above the level of the cortex. PMID- 7014800 TI - A technique for the production of standard test specimens of aluminous dental porcelain. AB - A technique has been developed for the preparation of test bars of the different types of aluminous porcelains using the standard laboratory procedures for the preparation of aluminous porcelain jacket crowns. Up to now the investigation of the properties of dental porcelain has been conducted using test specimens produced either by vibration of a slurry of porcelain powder without platinum foil or by grinding from the solid brock. These techniques are far removed from the methods used for the production of porcelain restorations in the laboratory. This might lead to a variation in the results achieved by testing porcelain jacket crowns on the one hand and test specimens on the other. PMID- 7014801 TI - The effect of mercury on the fatigue life of a dental gold alloy. AB - A type IV platinized gold casting alloy has been subjected to fatigue testing. Contamination of the surface of test pieces with mercury substantially reduced the fatigue life. This reduction was found to depend upon both the load applied and the microstructure of the alloy. The reason for such dependence is discussed. PMID- 7014802 TI - Prosthetic treatment of dentinogenesis imperfecta. A case report. AB - Prosthetic reconstruction was made on dentition affected by dentinogenesis imperfecta. The bite was first raised with fixed bite plates, and then with temporary acrylic bridges; finally full gold and veneer crowns were made in the posterior teeth. The crowns were retained on the severely attrited teeth with self-threading parapulpal screws (TMS, Whaledent International, New York, U.S.A.) and amalgam and composite resin (Consise, 3M Company, St Paul, U.S.A.) posts. The teeth seem to have enough strength to withstand the occlusal forces, and the dentine appears hard enough to retain parapulpal screws. The prosthetic construction is still functioning well today, 5 years after starting treatment. PMID- 7014803 TI - The ramus frame implant. AB - Many procedures for increasing the denture-bearing area of the atrophic mandible have been advocated. This article presents an alternative method of treatment. The ramus frame implant is a metallic tripodal device designed to provide a denture-bearing surface when inserted into the mandible. The procedure for placement of the frame requires minimal time and instrumentation, and it may be performed on an outpatient basis. Fifty-six implants have been placed since 1974, and 51 (91%) are still in place and functional. PMID- 7014805 TI - The medial approach for obtaining iliac bone. PMID- 7014806 TI - Respiratory infections in infants on mechanical ventilation: the immune response as a diagnostic aid. AB - A prospective study was undertaken in 41 newborn infants receiving artificial respiration for evaluation of the incidence of respiratory infections. Clinical and radiologic evidence of pneumonia was compared with the appearance of serum antibodies against antigens prepared from microorganisms isolated from bronchial aspirates, and with serum and bronchial immunoglobulin M values. A significant specific immune response was documented in 24% of the patients studied. The data indicate that by correlating the clinical and radiographic findings with specific antibodies and IgM antibody responses, it is possible to document a significant number of respiratory infections. One implication of this study is that subclinical infections may not be uncommon. The significance of the presence and changes in concentration of IgM in bronchial aspirate requires further study. PMID- 7014804 TI - Zomepirac sodium vs APC with codeine for oral surgery pain. AB - In this double-blind, repeat-dose study, 323 outpatients with moderate to severe pain after oral surgery assessed zomepirac sodium, a new oral, single-entity, nonnarcotic analgesic, and APC with codeine, 30 mg, a reference standard. Pain relief obtained with 100 mg of zomepirac sodium was significantly superior to that of APC with codeine, 30 mg; 50 mg of zomepirac sodium was as effective as the reference drug. The analgesic acceptability was highest for 100 mg of zomepirac sodium. Both doses of this new drug produced significantly fewer adverse reactions than APC with codeine, 30 mg. PMID- 7014807 TI - Fasting hypoglycemia resulting from hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency. AB - Two sisters developed severe hypoglycemia at 8 months of age, resulting in death in one of them. Metabolic studies of the second revealed decline of blood glucose concentration and low plasma ketone body values during a 20-hour fast, both reversed by administration of medium-chain triglycerides. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity was absent in the liver extract of the patient; lack of this enzyme impairs long-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Failure of gluconeogenesis could result from decreased production of acetyl-CoA and NADH. PMID- 7014808 TI - The renin-aldosterone system in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7014809 TI - Metabolic effects of theophylline in preterm infants. AB - A loading dose of theophylline produces significant metabolic changes, including increase of plasma glucose concentration and an early rise in serum insulin in some infants. The chronic effects of theophylline on plasma glucose, serum insulin, and glucagon are not known at this time. The potential for development of metabolic derangements must be kept in mind when theophylline is used for protracted periods in premature infants. PMID- 7014810 TI - Role of a child advocate in the selection of donors for pediatric bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7014812 TI - Variation in plasma ketone bodies during a 24-hour fast in normal and in hypoglycemic children: relationship to age. AB - The variations in blood ketone bodies, blood glucose, and insulin were studied in 19 normal and 14 hypoglycemic children, 4 months to 13 years of age, during a 24 hour fast. Except in four patients (two with hyperinsulinism and two with congenital defect in ketogenesis), a significant increase in blood ketone bodies was observed in both controls and patients. A progressive decrease in glucose concentrations was observed up to but not after 20 hours. A highly negative correlation between blood ketone bodies and blood glucose was found, with a large dispersion of blood ketone bodies, especially for those corresponding to the blood glucose between 45 and 65 mg/dl. This dispersion was consistently reduced in a homogenous age group of 4 to 6 years with similar glucose values. There was a positive correlation between age and blood glucose from hour 21 on, and an inverse relationship between age and blood ketone bodies from hour 15 on. The same high inverse relationship between age and blood ketone bodies was again observed when the variable of glucose concentration was factored out, demonstrating that the variation in blood ketone bodies is indeed related to age. These findings need to be taken into account in the interpretation of fasting blood ketone bodies, especially when used as an aid in the diagnosis of the various forms of childhood hypoglycemia, and of hypoketotic states. PMID- 7014811 TI - Stress and sugar control in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7014813 TI - The legacy of David W. Smith. PMID- 7014815 TI - In memoriam Thomas Wright Moir Cameron (1894-1980). PMID- 7014814 TI - Prospective clinical comparison of two methods for mechanical ventilation of neonates: rapid rate and short inspiratory time versus slow rate and long inspiratory time. AB - A prospective comparison was made of the clinical courses of two groups of neonates ventilated according to different protocols: one group at rates of 20 to 40/minute with a one-second IT, and the other at a rate of 60/minute and 0.5 second IT. Other ventilator settings were adjusted within protocol limits to maintain desired blood gas values. Mean starting and highest PIP were lower in the rapid rate group. The results showed no difference in mortality, failure to remain within protocol limits, time requiring respiratory treatment or FiO2 more than 0.6, and incidence of PDA or chronic lung disease. There was a difference (P = 0.011) in number of infants developing pneumothoraces (14% in the rapid group vs 35% in the slow group). Rapid rate ventilation can be used to decrease the incidence of pneumothorax, reserving long IT and higher PIP for infants who cannot be oxygenated or ventilated without them. PMID- 7014816 TI - Presidential address. American Society of Parasitologists. The prospect before us. PMID- 7014817 TI - Influence of organ extracts of Triatoma infestans on differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The influence that extracts of different T. infestans organs possess to induce Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation from epimastigotes to metacyclic forms in Grace's and modified Grace's media was analyzed. Growth of epimastigotes was adequate in Grace's medium when homogenates of stomach, testes, and ovaries from recently fed insects were added. Growth of epimastigotes was adequate when testes or ovaries obtained from recently fed triatomes were added to modified Grace's medium. Similar results were obtained in Grace's or modified Grace's media supplemented with stomach or intestinal homogenates obtained from "starved" triatomes. None of the above culture conditions induced differentiation of epimastigotes to the metacyclic stage. When extracts of intestine or stomach obtained from triatomes fed 24 to 48 hr previously were used to supplement the modified Grace's medium, growth and differentiation to the metacyclic stage was induced in a high percentage of the population. When extracts of intestine obtained from recently fed insects were used to supplement Grace's medium, differentiation and growth was an in modified Grace's medium. No important differences were observed if cultures were prepared at pH 6.4 or 7.0. The triatome food source did not seem to be important for the differentiation. The parasite population after differentiation to metacyclic type forms showed a higher degree of infectivity than the original population constituted mostly by epimastigotes. These studies suggest the importance of factors from the insect vector in differentiation of T. cruzi. PMID- 7014819 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: deleterious effects of pulmonary interstitial emphysema and tension extrapulmonary air. PMID- 7014818 TI - Renal artery stenosis in children. AB - Because high blood pressure in children is rare and most of these patients are asymptomatic, many are overlooked until they present with a hypertensive crisis or irreparable damage. Most children with renal artery stenosis are asymptomatic and the hypertension is detected only by blood pressure recording during physical examination. Angiography is the most helpful diagnostic study. It is generally agreed that renal artery lesions in children should be considered for surgical correction. An illustrated case is described. PMID- 7014820 TI - Effects of insulin on the biochemical and morphologic maturation of the fetus. PMID- 7014822 TI - The effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing in calculus removal. AB - The study presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing related to depth of pocket and type of teeth. A total of 199 teeth in 25 patients were selected; 62 were scaled and 57 were used as controls. All teeth were initially scored using the calculus index of the P.D.I. (Ramfjord). Six surface locations were probed to determine pocket depth. The levels of the gingival margin were marked on the teeth to locate supra and subgingival calculus after extraction. The experimental teeth then were scaled. Both scaled and unscaled teeth were extracted immediately after the experimental procedures. The teeth were washed with water and stained with methylene blue. They were viewed under a stereomicroscope which had a tenth grid on its eyepiece. Percent of surface covered by calculus was assessed on both scaled and unscaled teeth. The results demonstrated a high correlation between percent of residual calculus and pocket depth. It was shown that pockets less than 3 mm were the easiest sites for scaling and root planing. Pocket depths between 3 to 5 mm were more difficult to scale and pockets deeper than 5 mm were the most difficult. Tooth type did not influence the results. PMID- 7014823 TI - Early re-entry procedure. Part II. A five year histologic evaluation. AB - The following study was carried out to assess the histologic integrity of a bone graft which had appeared clinically successful at early re-entry some 5 years previously. The tooth required extraction due to a labial root fracture and was subsequently extracted in modified block section, demineralized, sectioned, stained and evaluated histologically. Histologic evaluation revealed the presence of a functional periodontal membrane apparatus in active stages of both bone and cemental remodeling. Necrotic bone spicules within the areas of otherwise viable periodontium suggested residue from prior graft material. Histologic evaluation presented here supports the previous clinical impression that early re-entry of autogenous grafts for evaluation and physiologic recontouring, where indicated, appears justified without apparent adverse effects on local periodontal regeneration. PMID- 7014821 TI - Preliminary observations on the usefulness of a decalcified, freeze-dried cancellous bone allograft material in periodontal surgery. PMID- 7014824 TI - The relationship between gingival tissue temperatures and various indicators of gingival inflammation. AB - IN PERIODONTICS there is a need for objective measurements in monitoring disease processes and in assessing the effectiveness of treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare gingival temperatures with indicators of gingival inflammation in order to examine the application of temperature as a diagnostic aid. In six patients the temperature of interproximal sulcular tissue was measured and compared with bleeding upon probing, crevicular fluid flow, pocket depth, plaque accumulation and calculus formation. The results show significantly higher temperatures with bleeding upon probing and with the presence of dental plaque and calculus. Temperature increase correlated with increase in crevicular fluid flow, but a relationship to pocket depth is not clear. The thermocouple microprobe is a very sensitive instrument. The method used is noninvasive, safe and efficient. It can be concluded from our data that differences in gingival temperature reflect not only a regional tissue variability but also can indicate an inflammatory state. PMID- 7014825 TI - Gingival grafts: a historical note. PMID- 7014826 TI - [Prostaglandins: physiological or "foreign" molecules? Some ticklish questions. Biosynthesis. Nutrition. Pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014828 TI - Permeation of hairless mouse skin II: membrane sectioning techniques and influence on alkanol permeabilities. AB - The barrier properties of hairless mouse skin were examined by separating the skin into its component epidermal and dermal strata, using both mechanical and thermal techniques, and then assessing the permeability of each stratum to the homologous alkanols. The permeability data, when compared to those obtained previously for full-thickness hairless mouse skin and to new data for the permeability of the alcohols through a perfect lipid membrane, allow assignment of diffusional resistances to the respective, anatomically distinguishable membrane strata. It was found that the principal barrier for the lower alkanols is the epidermis, which contains the stratum corneum. The effective aqueous tissue resistances of the cellular and aqueous strata of full skin, the epidermis, and the dermis were estimated using sectioned skins. This resistance was much greater than that of an equivalent thickness of water. These data and methods represent a novel approach in the permeation analysis of a biological tissue and offer a means of estimating the effects of skin damage on percutaneous absorption. PMID- 7014829 TI - Microencapsulation of living cells and tissues. AB - A new microencapsulation procedure involving an all-aqueous phase system was developed. Viable cells or tissues were suspended in sodium alginate droplets, which then were gelled by calcium chloride solution. A permanent, semipermeable membrane was formed on the surface layer of the temporary gel capsules by treatment with a solution of polylysine. Finally, true living cell-containing microcapsules were produced by "liquefying" the gel within the microcapsules through calcium-ion removal by simple ion exchange. Microencapsulated living cells and tissues continued to grow and flourish. In tissue culture medium, microencapsulated rat pancreatic islets continued to release insulin and remained sensitive to glucose and theophylline stimulation, responding with a typical physiological biphasic insulin-release pattern for over 2 months. Microencapsulation of other viable cells and tissues such as red blood cells, hepatoma cells, sperm cells, and pancreatic endocrine tissues also was successful. PMID- 7014830 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ethmozin in plasma. AB - A sensitive, specific high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of plasma ethmozin levels. Basic plasma samples were partitioned with methylene chloride. The organic extract was washed with water and then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in 0.2 ml of the mobile phase, consisting of hexane-tetrahydrofuran methanol-water (66:27:6,30:0.7 v/v), and then chromatographed on a microporous silica column. With a variable-wavelength UV detector set at 268 nm, 10 ng of ethmozin/ml of plasma was measured. The utility of the method for human pharmacokinetic studies was demonstrated. PMID- 7014831 TI - Acute tolerance to prazosin in conscious hypertensive rats: involvement of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7014832 TI - Mechanism by which renin secretion from perfused rat kidneys is stimulated by isoprenaline and inhibited by high perfusion pressure. AB - 1. Rat kidneys were completely isolated and perfused to determine the ionic mechanism whereby isoprenaline stimulates and high perfusion pressure inhibits renin secretion. 2. Isoprenaline (2.43 microM) stimulated renin secretion, but K free medium and ouabain also reduced perfusate flow. 3. Removing Ca from the perfusion medium increased renin secretion threefold when perfusion pressure was 100 mmHg and fourfold when pressure was raised to 150 mmHg. Simultaneously raising the perfusion pressure to 150 mmHg and the Ca concentration to 5 mM inhibited renin secretion. Verapamil (50 microM) prevented this inhibition. Raising Ca also caused vasoconstriction at a pressure of 150 mmHg, but verapamil partially prevented the vasoconstriction. 4. High concentration of K (50 mM) in the perfusion medium also stimulated renin secretion when Ca was removed and inhibited secretion when Ca concentration was raised to 5 mM. Verapamil (50 microM) prevented this inhibition. High K induced vasoconstriction in the presence of high Ca, but verapamil partially prevented the constriction. 5. High concentration of K (50 mM) and high perfusion pressure (150 mmHg) stimulated renin secretion in the absence of Ca and 20 mM-Mg potentiated this effect. This suggests that both sets of stimuli activate renin secretion by different cellular mechanisms, but that both act to lower cytoplasmic Ca in the juxtaglomerular cell. This is discussed. 6. High perfusion pressure inhibited renin secretion and reduced perfusate flow when Na was lowered from 145 to 14.5 or 0 mM whether or not Ca was present. 7. K-free medium and ouabain blocked the elevated renin secretion and reduced the high flow stimulated by high perfusion pressure when Ca was removed from the perfusion medium. 8. These observations suggest that isoprenaline stimulates renin secretion by a mechanism coupled to the Na-K pump. These observations are also consistent with the hypothesis that high renal perfusion pressure inhibits renin secretion by promoting Ca movement into the juxtaglomerular cell and stimulates secretion by a mechanism coupled to the Na-K pump. High perfusion pressure also causes renal vasoconstriction by increasing the Ca permeability of the smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole. PMID- 7014833 TI - Quantitative study of the non-circularity of myelinated peripheral nerve fibres in the cat. AB - 1. One hind limb of each of four cats was either chronically de-efferentated, or chronically de-afferentated, and perfused with buffered glutaraldehyde fixative. Up to three different muscle nerves were dissected from each limb, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. Ultrathin transverse sections were mounted on Formvar-coated single-hole specimen grids so that all the fibres in each nerve could be examined individually by electron microscopy.2. Non-circularity was expressed as the ratio (o): [Formula: see text] The degree of non-circularity of all the afferent axons, or all the efferent axons, in each muscle nerve was determined. The proportion of fibres cut through the paranodal region, or through the Schwann cell nucleus, was as expected for group I afferent and for alpha and gamma efferent fibres, but hardly any typical paranodal sections of group II or III afferent fibres were encountered which suggests that their paranodal arrangement differs from that of other groups. In a quantitative comparison of noncircularity in different functional groups, fibres cut through paranodes, Schwann cell nuclei or Schmidt-Lanterman clefts were rejected.3. All the gamma efferent fibres in one nerve were studied in a series of sections cut at 25 mum intervals. The degree of non-circularity was found to be relatively constant along the internode of most fibres when the values at paranodes, Schwann cell nuclei or Schmidt-Lanterman clefts were ignored.4. The value of o varied widely from 1.0 (circular) to 0.5 or less from fibre to fibre within every functional group. However, the mean value of o was less for gamma axons (0.68) than for alpha axons (0.78), and less for group III axons (0.79) than for axons in groups I and II (both 0.84). When the results for all the nerves were aggregated, these differences were statistically very highly significant, as was the difference in o between group I and alpha fibres. If values of o < 0.5 were rejected, the difference between the mean o for group III and group II was then of doubtful significance whereas that between alpha and gamma fibres was still very highly significant.5. The external perimeter (S) of a non-circular fibre differs from pi times the diameter of a circle just enclosing the fibre (D). It is shown that S = 0.95 pi D for group I and II fibres, S = 0.90 piD for alpha and group III fibres, and S = 0.85 piD for gamma fibres.6. The myelin period, or interperiod repeat distance, varied from 14.1 to 15.6 nm in different cats, implying radial shrinkage of the myelin sheath from 15 to 23%. The myelin period in a particular cat was the same for several nerves, and the same for fibres in different functional groups.7. The possibility that repetitive firing of axons during fixation contributed to the varying degree of non-circularity is considered but rejected as unlikely.8. It is deduced that about 10% radial shrinkage of the myelin sheath, but little or no osmotic shrinkage of the axon, occurred during fixation and rinsing. Further radial shrinkage of about 8% in all components of the fibre probably occurred as a result of subsequent histological processing. It is concluded that the non-circularity of all axons, and the greater non circularity of small axons, is unlikely to have been due to histological processing.9. It is concluded that axons are non-circular in vivo. The hypothesis that non-circularity allows axons to accommodate swelling during repetitive activity is discussed. Suggestions are made as to why gamma axons may be more non circular than alpha or group III axons in an anaesthetized cat immediately prior to fixation, and why alpha axons may be more non-circular than axons in groups I and II. PMID- 7014834 TI - Nerve growth factor and an anticomplimentary protease in mouse saliva elicited by nerve stimulation. AB - 1. Three substances previously identified in mouse saliva ((1) biologically active nerve growth factor (NGF), (2) a material immunologically identical to the alpha-subunit of 7S-NGF and (3) an anticomplementary protease) were quantified in both mandibular gland saliva and mixed salivary secretions elicited by stimulation of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves to the salivary glands. 2. The concentrations and specific activities of all three substances in pure mandibular saliva equalled or exceeded those found in mixed secretions from all salivary glands. 3. All three substances were found to be primarily secreted as a result of sympathetic rather than parasympathetic nerve stimulation as their concentrations and specific activities were much greater in sympathetic than in parasympathetic mixed salivary secretions. 4. Bioactive NGF, alpha-subunit-like material, and an anticomplementary protease were demonstrated to be released selectively through activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors as the concentrations and specific activities of all three substances were markedly reduced by pre-treatment with an alpha-adrenergic blocker (phenoxybenzamine) but not by pre-treatment with either a muscarinic or a beta-adrenergic blocker (atropine or propranolol, respectively). 5. Measurement of total protein in saliva elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation following pre-treatment with an alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, or muscarinic blocking agent demonstrated that proteins other than those examined in the present study must be released by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7014835 TI - Renin release from isolated rat glomeruli: seasonal variations and effects of D600 on the response to calcium deprivation. AB - 1. The effects of calcium deprivation and D600 on the rate of renin release and seasonal variations in the response were studied on juxtaglomerular cells from a preparation of isolated rat glomeruli superfused in vitro. 2. Reduction of superfusate calcium concentration caused an increase in renin release, which was significantly higher during the summer (May-August) than during the rest of the year. 3. Addition of D600 (2 X 10(-4) M) to a calcium-free medium in the low responsive period caused a markedly increased renin release. In the high responsive period renin release increased more rapidly and to a higher level initially than observed in the control lines without D600. 4. It is suggested that the effect of calcium on renin release predominantly is mediated by changes in calcium bound to the plasma membrane of the juxtaglomerular cell. The sensitivity of this cell to changes in the extracellular calcium concentration seems to be regulated and varies with season, possibly due to regulation of the amount of calcium bound to the membrane. PMID- 7014836 TI - [The serotonergic fibers in the striatum. Ultrastructural characteristics (author's transl)]. AB - This paper is a short review of serotonergic (5-HT) fibers in the striatum. Data concerning biochemical demonstrations of striatal 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase and of ascending serotonergic pathways are quickly reviewed. This study deals particularly with the morphology of striatal 5-HT fibers. Little information concerning these fibers is available in the literature. Fluorescence histochemistry of 5-HT in the striatum is difficulty used, and ultrastructural studies are rare. In our work (ARLUISON and DE LA MANCHE, 1980), using cerebro ventricular injections of tritiated serotonin in the rat and autoradiography three types of nerve terminals are labelled along the ventricle. The first has spherical and clear synaptic vesicles and is characterized by rather numerous asymmetrical synaptic contacts. The second has particularly small, often granular, synaptic vesicles of ovoid or tubular shape and shows rare synaptic contacts. The third category of labelled nerve terminals is provides with both of the previously described types of synaptic vesicles and shows few synaptic contacts. The heterogeneity of serotonergic nerve terminals in the striatum is compared to that observed in other regions of the brain, and the possibility of their origin in different midbrain raphe nuclei is discussed. PMID- 7014837 TI - A two-year longitudinal study of the periodontal health status of overdenture patients. AB - Eleven patients who were treated with maxillary or mandibular overdentures or both were recalled at 6-month intervals and studied for a period of 2 years. A periodontist evaluated the periodontal health status of the abutment teeth at initial placement of the overdenture and at all subsequent recalls using standardized periodontal indices. Statistical comparisons of the data from initial examination to the 2-year recall were made to assess the periodontal health status of roots supporting overdentures. Periodic, regular recall of patients treated with overdentures is one of the most important factors in the maintenance of the integrity of the root stumps and attachment apparatus, particularly since the roots supporting mandibular overdentures are at greater risk periodontally than those supporting maxillary overdentures. Measurements of pocket depth and width of attached gingivae seem to be the most definitive criteria to determine the status of the attachment apparatus in overdenture patients. With frequent recall, overdentures appear to be a successful method of treatment. PMID- 7014838 TI - Comparison of disclosing media used for adjustment of removable partial denture frameworks. AB - An investigation was conducted to evaluate eight disclosing media for the detection of binding or interference regions on removable partial denture frameworks. The aerosol spray media were judged to be the most acceptable of those tested because they are easy to use and afford minimal waste; they also adhere well to removable partial denture metals and while easily removed, they are not washed away by excess saliva. PMID- 7014840 TI - Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part II: Posterior tooth visibility. AB - The amount of posterior tooth visibility was analyzed in a population of 425 subjects. By scoring photographic data, the percentage of posterior teeth that could have a crown margin placed in their occlusal, middle, and gingival sections without showing were calculated. The results of this study indicate that: 1. For esthetic reasons, posterior margin placement should be handled on an individual basis. 2. The routine placement of either supragingival or subgingival margins for esthetics alone on posterior teeth may be over- or under-treating, respectively, a portion of the population. 3. A substantial percentage of the population studied had posterior gingival sections that were visible. A substantial percentage also had gingival sections that were not visible. PMID- 7014839 TI - An evaluation of 50 years of reconstructive dentistry. Part I: Jaw relations and occlusion. AB - Many concepts and theories have been propounded to enhance reconstruction of the dentition. Some have been put to practice; others have been rejected. All reconstructive procedures must be acceptable to the TMJ, the neuromuscular complex, and the periodontium. A correct centric relation and vertical dimension are critical to success. A major objective is to provide adequate function. The concept of occlusion and related articulation seems to play a secondary role. The best result occurs when the patient is unaware of the oral cavity and enjoys the esthetic result. A usable articulator should accept the face-bow and wax interocclusal records as well as provide for adjustable condyle paths, incisal tale, and a form of Bennett movement. Once adjusted, it should retain the position. PMID- 7014841 TI - Use of a silicone index to apply and contour porcelain on occlusal surfaces of ceramometal restorations. AB - The advantages of this technique are numerous. Complete contour occlusal wax-up detail is identically and accurately reproduced. Cusp and fossa placement are reproduced as dictated by the determinants of mandibular movement. The index acts as a guide in designing the substructure. Even thicknesses of porcelain are easily visualized. Color control is improved. After the first porcelain firing, occlusal contours shrink away from the index. This eliminates subjectivity in the placement of more intensely chromatic porcelains to appropriate areas during the second porcelain application. Porcelain application of a high degree of esthetic appeal and functional character is quickly achieved. PMID- 7014842 TI - Effect of internal relief, vibration, and venting on the vertical seating of cemented crowns. AB - The presence of a vent hole in the occlusal surface, vibration during seating, and internal relief inside cast crowns were investigated individually and in all combinations for their effect on vertical seating on metal dies, using zinc phosphate cement. It was found that: 1. Vibration, applied horizontally, had no effect by itself or any interaction with venting or internal crown relief. 2. Venting and internal relief alone effectively achieved good seating. 3. Venting and internal relief together were the most effective combinations. 4. When crowns were seated well, they tended to tilt less. PMID- 7014843 TI - Factors affecting the adhesion of polycarboxylate cement to enamel and dentin. AB - The adhesive bond strength of polycarboxylate cement with enamel and dentin and the factors affecting the adhesion of the cement to both structure were studied. A thick cement film reduced the tensile and shear bond strengths of the cement. Although surface roughness reduced the tensile bond strength of the cement, it significantly increased the shear bond strength. The application of the cement under pressure increased its shear bond strength. Surface treatment with 4% sodium fluoride solution for 5 minutes, 4% stannous fluoride solution for 2 minutes, and a 10% suspension of calcium hydroxide for 5 minutes significantly increased the shear bond strength of the cement with dentin. PMID- 7014844 TI - Restoration of endodontically treated molar with root fracture. AB - The management of an unusual and extreme tooth and root fracture has been presented and discussed. A somewhat unorthodox approach was used in preparing the fractured root surfaces to fit the cast gold crown instead of making a crown to fit a prepared tooth surface. Diagnosis and treatment planning is a key factor in treating unusual patients. All factors must be carefully considered. Condition of adjacent teeth, periodontal support, size and form of remaining tooth structure, and occlusion are all important considerations. With careful and proper study, simple and conservative restorations can frequently be made that will provide excellent service for extended periods of time. PMID- 7014827 TI - A standard approach to compiling clinical pharmacokinetic data. AB - A standard format for a Clinical Pharmacokinetic Summary is proposed. It consists of a heading, tables, notes, and references for each drug reviewed. The table presents a unified and logical set of clinically useful population pharmacokinetic parameters. They concern four major areas: absorption, distribution, elimination, and the relationship of concentration to effect. Within each major group, parameters dealing with extents and rates of processes are given. Each such parameter is really two: a population mea value (for example, average volume of distribution) and the standard deviation of individual values about this mean. The first value allows individual predictions of dosage or drug level to be made; the second allows computation of the likely proximity of subsequently observed quantities to those predictions. The table presents single consensus values for each population parameter, rather than a list of values. A procedure for computing these consensus values, and for revising them in the light of new data, or reinterpreted old data, is given. Examples of Summaries are given. The method appears applicable to a variety of drugs. We suggest our approach as a standard one for preparing Clinical Pharmacokinetic Summaries, and urge our colleagues to consider it for that purpose. PMID- 7014846 TI - Hinge for a unilateral maxillary arch prosthesis. AB - This article describes a technique for the fabrication of a hinge that may be incorporated into a maxillary removable partial denture with a unilateral distal extension denture base. The hinge breaks the stress that would be transmitted to the dentulous arch segment through the retentive portion. Figs. 7 and 8 show a typical arch situation where the Palatar hinge may be incorporated. PMID- 7014845 TI - Custom fabricated silicone rubber implants for tissue augmentation--a review. AB - Forty-five silicone rubber implants fabricated over a 13-year period for tissue augmentation in 44 patients were reviewed. All implants were custom-made with perforations using 382 RTV silicone elastomer. High rates of success and patient compatibility have been recorded. PMID- 7014847 TI - A hollow complete lower denture. AB - A technique was described that greatly reduces the weight of an exceptionally heavy lower denture by as much as 25%. When weight of a denture may be a contributing factor to the successful resolution of a patient's problem, the hollow denture should be considered. PMID- 7014849 TI - The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Part 4). PMID- 7014848 TI - Repair of fractured porcelain jacket crowns with a composite resin. PMID- 7014850 TI - How fertile the blood of warriors. PMID- 7014851 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the innominate artery. PMID- 7014852 TI - The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. PMID- 7014853 TI - Hunterian lecture 1980: a computerized data retrieval system for the wounds for war: the Northern Ireland casualties. PMID- 7014854 TI - Biographical summary: Director General Army Medical Services: (H. A. J. Reay). PMID- 7014855 TI - An historical look at embryo transfer. PMID- 7014856 TI - Localization of ovine placental lactogen in sheep placentomes by electron microscope immunocytochemistry. AB - Ovine placental lactogen immunoreactivity was localized by the indirect immunocytochemical technique using peroxidase-antiperoxidase. The peptide hormone like material was localized exclusively in the binucleate cell granules and Golgi region in the fetal chorionic epithelium and in granules of similar size and shape scattered throughout the contiguous syncytial layer of placentomes from sheep at 70, 114, 127 and 142 days of pregnancy. This localization supports the suggestion that in the sheep placentome the syncytial layer is formed by migration and fusion of the fetal chorionic binucleate cells. PMID- 7014857 TI - Enzyme-immunoassay for determination of progesterone in milk from cows. AB - An enzyme-immunoassay using horseradish peroxidase as label is described. The assay has a sensitivity of 0.1-20 pmol, i.e. 0.03-0.63 ng and intra- and inter assay coefficients of variation of less than 10% when used for the determination of progesterone in samples of milk from cows. Comparison with a radio-immunoassay based on tritiated tracer showed excellent correlation (r = 0.98) for milk samples from cows during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. PMID- 7014858 TI - Effect of a rat uterine fluid endopeptidase on lysis of the zona pellucida. AB - The uterine endopeptidase of rats caused lysis of the zona pellucida of unfertilized rat and mouse eggs but not of fertilized rat and mouse eggs. Induction of cortical granule discharge of unfertilized eggs by treatment with boromycin and a guanidine derivative led to resistance of the zona pellucida to lysis by the endopeptidase. Lysis of the hamster zona pellucida occurred within 90 min, whatever the treatment and trypsin caused lysis of all zonae within 20 min. We suggest that after fertilization cortical granule modifies the zona pellucida to prevent digestion by the endopeptidase. PMID- 7014859 TI - Effect of different photoperiods on testicular weight changes in the vole, Microtus agrestis. AB - The testicular weight response of 2-week-old male voles exposed to 10, 12, 14, 15 or 16 h light (L) per day for 4 weeks and of 5-week-old males exposed from birth to 12, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.25, 14.5, 14.75, or 15 h light per day was proportional to the photoperiod: 13L or less produced little growth but 13.5L or more produced progressively heavier testes. Only 14.5L and 15L gave full spermatogenesis. 'Night-break' schedules produced a marked testicular response with 7L :8D :1L :8D and 7L :6D :1L :10D, intermediate effects with 7L :4D :1L :12D and none with 7L :2D :1L :14D. Of various skeleton photoperiods with 0.75L only 0.75L : 12.5D :0.75L :10D and 0.75L :10.5D :0.75L :12D produced marked increases in testicular weight. The peak of photosensitivity appeared to be phase-shifted towards 'dawn' by reducing the initial light phase. Its position appeared to move from 16 h after 'dawn' in block photoperiods to 14 h after 'dawn' in the 'night-break' and 12 h after 'dawn' in the skeleton photoperiod experiments. Previous experience of 16L :8D or 8L :16D had little effect on the subsequent response to skeleton photoperiods (0.5L :9D :0.5L :14D, 0.5L :13D :0.5L :10D, 0.5L :15D :0.5L :8D). Animals reared in these photoperiods only showed a positive testicular response to 0.5L : 13D :0.5L :10D. The lack of response to constant darkness indicated that voles were capable of perceiving these skeleton photoperiods. PMID- 7014862 TI - Induction of delayed implantation in rats by LH-RH. PMID- 7014861 TI - Hormonal control of the corpus luteum and embryonic diapause in macropodid marsupials. AB - Embryonic diapause in the macropodid marsupials is associated with an undeveloped corpus luteum (CL) and low levels of progesterone in plasma. The fertilized egg will enter diapause after ovariectomy and can survive for several months but for reactivation to occur the CL must be present and grow, and there must be a rise in plasma progesterone concentrations. Therefore the central question in the endocrine control of this phenomenon is how the activity of the CL is controlled. The pituitary exerts a tonic inhibition on the CL, probably through prolactin, and when this is released, even temporarily, the CL is reactivated. Once reactivated, no pituitary support is needed for either CL growth or steroidogenesis. The membranes of the luteal cells contain abundant prolactin receptors and prolactin probably exerts its inhibitory effect directly on the CL. Prolactin does not appear to affect steroidogenesis directly, since progesterone production in vitro does not differ between quiescent and reactivated CL and is not altered by addition of prolactin or LH. The increase in plasma progesterone after reactivation can be accounted for by the increase in CL mass. We conclude that circulating prolactin inhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy of luteal cells and that as the prolactin level declines the CL increases in size, causing plasma progesterone levels to rise and blastocyst growth and development to resume. PMID- 7014863 TI - Structural changes in the corpus luteum and endometrium of seals before implantation. PMID- 7014860 TI - Delayed implantation in mustelids, with special emphasis on the spotted skunk. AB - Three distinct reproductive patterns are exhibited by mustelids. Some species (ferret and least weasel) breed during spring and summer and do not exhibit delayed implantation. Others (mink and striped skunk) exhibit variable gestation periods with brief periods of delayed implantation occurring only if the females are mated early in the season. Most mustelids (western spotted skunk, badgers, marten, wolverine, etc.) always exhibit a prolonged period of delayed implantation lasting several months. In such species, the luteal cells fail to undergo complete differentiation during the prolonged period of embryonic diapause. The process of luteal differentiation, which involves doubling of luteal cell size, extensive production of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial changes, and which is accompanied by increased progesterone secretion, occurs a few days before implantation and coincides with renewed embryonic development. Attempts to induce implantation in mustelids by injecting progesterone have failed, suggesting that other ovarian hormones hormones are required to induce nidation. Changes in photoperiod will hasten or delay luteal development, progesterone secretion and implantation. Hypophysectomy before the time of increased luteal function prevents implantation and increased progesterone secretion, whereas hysterectomy has no effect on progesterone secretion. This indicates that only pituitary hormones are required to induce the final steps in luteal cell differentiation and progesterone secretion. Attempts to induce increased luteal function and implantation by administration of exogenous gonadotrophic hormones have been inconclusive. Prolactin may be important in regulating luteal function in mink and ferrets but may be less significant in other mustelids such as the spotted skunk and European badger. PMID- 7014864 TI - Embryonic and uterine factors in delayed implantation in rodents. AB - An hypothesis for delayed implantation and embryonic quiescence is proposed on the basis of adaptation of blastocysts to changes in their environment. The environmental factors considered consist of macromolecules and essential ions and metabolites such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and glucose. Macromolecules appear to induce an influx of these essential metabolites which is followed by metabolic enhancement in blastocysts in the absence of any of the essential factors, the initial stages of embryonic diapause follow. The prevention of influx of metabolites such as Ca2+ by specific inhibitors, D600 or papaverine, also prevents activation of blastocysts. Early cleavage stage embryos show little or no response to changes in environmental macromolecules which may explain why embryos usually enter into quiescence at the blastocyst stage when the environmental constraints on blastocyst development become very marked. This also coincides with termination of cleavage and initiation of cell growth in embryos. The increase in responsiveness of embryos is attributed to several inherent changes including cell surface and functional changes in the plasma membrane. The conditions for embryonic quiescence in vivo are not species specific. Trophoblastic vesicles without the inner cell mass can also enter into quiescence. Studies using the antibiotic, tunicamycin, which inhibits protein glycosylation and prevents trophoblast adhesion and giant cell outgrowths, suggest that the cell surface interactions may involve glycoproteins. Such interactions may be crucial for implantation as well as for maintaining embryos in diapause for prolonged periods of time. A short sojourn in diapause for certain blastocysts which do not normally develop to an advanced stage, appears to have a beneficial effect on subsequent development. The overall significance of this suggestion for other species showing obligatory diapause is unclear. PMID- 7014865 TI - Uterine factors and delayed implantation in macropodid marsupials. AB - Local factors controlling uterine functions in macropodids are reviewed and the components of uterine fluids are examined. Activation of the diapausing blastocyst and subsequent development of the expanding vesicle are associated with a changing uterine environment. Concentrations of proteins, calcium and zinc in uterine exudates alter during gestation; the changes appear to be related both to the stage of development of the conceptus and to the hormonal milieu. In addition the endometrium itself may have an active endocrine role in the control of development. Cation concentrations in uterine exudates of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) are not clearly related to events leading to blastocyst activation. PMID- 7014866 TI - Proteinases and implantation. PMID- 7014867 TI - Comparative studies of embryo metabolism in early pregnancy. AB - Embryo metabolism during early pregnancy has been investigated, mainly in the mouse and rabbit, using a variety of catabolic and anabolic parameters. The rate of metabolic activity of the conceptus continues to increase markedly with the approach of implantation. However, in species in which the embryo enters a period of delayed implantation the diapause is associated with relative metabolic quiescence. Mouse, rabbit, ovine and bovine preimplantation embryos can be cultured in a simple defined medium. Under such conditions energy substrates in the medium represent a major source of carbon for anabolism. Glucose carbon is incorporated into macromolecules during in-vitro culture of cleaving mouse embryos and implanting and diapausing mouse blastocysts. In particular, both acid soluble glycogen and desmoglycogen are rapidly synthesized from glucose presumably to act as a source of energy at implantation. The pattern of glucose accumulation by cleaving sheep embryos and embryonic discs and early somites excised from sheep and cattle embryos between Days 14 and 18 or pregnancy is basically similar to that in the mouse except that very little glycogen is synthesized by ruminant embryos. During embryonic diapause in the tammar wallaby there is a cessation of cell division and glucose uptake appears to be relatively low. After removal of pouch young in the breeding season to reactivate embryo development, glucose accumulation by the tammar blastocyst increases. The increase is related to the start of blastocyst expansion. Furthermore, the pattern of glucose metabolism in the reactivated wallaby blastocyst is similar to that in ruminant species, approximately 30% of the glucose carbon being incorporated into macromolecules such as protein, lipid and nucleic acid but with little synthesis of glycogen. PMID- 7014868 TI - Occurrence and interpretation of delayed implantation in insectivores. PMID- 7014869 TI - Aspects of endocrine control of delay phenomena in bats with special emphasis on delayed development. PMID- 7014870 TI - Embryonic diapause in marsupials. AB - Amongst the marsupials embryonic diapause has been regarded as a characteristic of the Family Macropodidae, since it has been described in all but one of the 20 or so kangaroos and wallabies examined. Diapause has not been demonstrated unequivocally in other marsupials, although the non-macropodids Cercartetus and Acrobates have uncertain status in this regard. Recently, however, diapause has been described in the non-macropodid Tarsipes. Diapause in macropodid marsupials may be obligate or facultative. The predominant pattern is one related to the suckling stimulus. Most species show a post-partum oestrus, although in the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), at least, fertilization of the ovum which is to become the delayed embryo precedes the birth of the previous conceptus. In a few species, the suckling stimulus may postpone the initiation of the pro-oestrous phase, with diapause occurring after fertilization during an oestrous cycle in the late stages of pouch suckling. In the majority of species, however, pregnancy does not prevent ovulation, but the corpus luteum resulting from pre- or post partum ovulation is held quiescent by the suckling stimulus. In the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, the control of diapause is well understood, but there is considerable variation in the nature and occurrence of diapause even amongst closely related species. The almost universal distribution of diapause among macropodids and the recent descriptions of the probably occurrence of diapause in other marsupial families suggest that the phenomenon may be widespread in marsupials. On the basis of recent work, three groups of marsupial reproductive patterns are suggested: monotocous or polytocous polyoestrous marsupials with no diapause; monotocous, polyoestrous marsupials with diapause, and polytocous, polyoestrous marsupials with diapause. Groups 2 and 3 appear to have evolved independently from Group 1. PMID- 7014871 TI - Aspects of delayed implantation in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). AB - Embryonic diapause in the roe deer is initiated at the blastocyst stage of development and persists for a period of 5 months. In common with other species exhibiting such diapause, quiescence of the roe deer blastocyst is associated with inhibition of endometrial secretory activity. The termination of diapause is characterized by the rapid elongation of the chorionic sac to a length of 30 cm and the simultaneous release of a secretion from the endometrial ducts and glands. The factors responsible for inducing this change in endometrial secretory activity are unknown. Although increases in plasma concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone are observed at the time of termination of diapause, these changes appear to be a consequence rather than a cause of embryonic growth. PMID- 7014872 TI - A specific radioimmunoassay for evaluation of serum antibodies to zona pellucida antigens. AB - A radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed for detecting antibodies to porcine zonae pellucidae antigens using Staphylococcus aureus Protein A cells (Pansorbin) as the immunoadsorbent. This method offers a rapid and reproducible procedure for detecting specific antibodies to zona antigens. The zona antigens detected by antibodies in this assay were found not to cross-react with antigens in 11 other tissues. Immune serum produced against a variety of other antigens, including protein hormones, steroid hormones, porcine serum and red blood cells, did not bind to any zonae components in this assay. This assay is compared with other methods which have been used to detect antibodies to zona antigens and has been found to be more specific than immunofluorescence methods and more sensitive than either immunofluorescence or immunoelectrophoresis methods. PMID- 7014873 TI - Myasthenia gravis and D-penicillamine. AB - There has been some uncertainty as to whether the apparent association between myasthenia gravis (MG) and D-penicillamine (D-P)-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be due to chance or whether the drug is responsible. In the absence of D-P, RA is found in association with MG, but this may simply reflect the high prevalence of RA. Although MG may be more common than expected after D-P treatment of RA, it probably occurs in only approximately 1% of such patients. In these circumstances, it is difficult to prove that D-P can induce MG, but compelling evidence in support for this possibility comes from the finding of differences between autoantibodies when spontaneous and D-P-associated MG are compared. These serologic differences could be explained in terms of an effect of D-P on antigen presentation and/or immunoregulation. PMID- 7014874 TI - A survey of analytical approaches to the measurement of D-penicillamine and penicillamine disulfides. AB - This paper evaluates the usefulness of different methods for measuring aminothiols and disulfides in biological fluids. The major approaches usually involve liquid or gas-liquid chromatography. Techniques tested and currently used by the authors are discussed. PMID- 7014875 TI - The discovery of the therapeutic use of D-penicillamine. AB - An account is given of the identification of penicillamine in human urine by chromatographic and analytical techniques. At that time this observation appeared to be of esoteric interest only. Some years later, working at the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory at the Boston City Hospital, it occurred to me that the formula of this compound was ideally suited for use as a copper chelating agent for the treatment of Wilson's disease. The subsequent work leading to the acceptance of penicillamine as an important new therapy and also as to its mode of action is given with illustrations of some key experiments and with reference to the first patient ever treated with this drug. PMID- 7014876 TI - The metabolism and pharmacology of D-penicillamine in man. AB - D-penicillamine is rapidly absorbed from the intestine and appears in plasma as free penicillamine, cysteine-penicillamine disulfide, and penicillamine disulfide. Penicillamine binds firmly to serum and tissue proteins. The urinary excretion of S-methyl-D-penicillamine, cysteine-penicillamine disulfide, penicillamine disulfide, and a newly identified metabolite, homocysteine penicillamine disulfide, has been quantitated for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, cystinuria, and Wilson's disease. Fifty percent of an oral dose is excreted in the feces, but the metabolites have not yet been fully characterized. The pharmacologic effects of D-penicillamine are associated with disulfide bond formation or cleavage, thiazolidine formation, and metal chelation. PMID- 7014877 TI - Effects of D-penicillamine on circulating protein complexes in rheumatoid arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Not immunosuppressive in conventional test systems, D-penicillamine causes minor reductions in Ig levels and occasionally induces IgA deficiency. Rather limited evidence indicates actual decline in immune complexes; more data show reductions in levels of 9S IgG and alpha1-antitrypsin-IgA complexes. On the other hand, a number of instances of toxic reactions are most readily explained on the basis of autoimmunization. Changes in redox equilibrium, haptenization, and influence on T cell function are possible mechanisms. PMID- 7014878 TI - Results of tubal surgery: a review. PMID- 7014881 TI - New techniques in diagnosis of eye muscle palsies: a review. PMID- 7014879 TI - The operating microscope and the development of ear surgery. PMID- 7014880 TI - Application of microvascular surgery to plastic surgery. PMID- 7014882 TI - Protection of the respiratory tract -- mucus production: a review. PMID- 7014883 TI - Pesticides and British wildlife: brief review of some recent work at Monks Wood. PMID- 7014885 TI - Morgagni's letters. PMID- 7014884 TI - Management of hyperosmolar coma. PMID- 7014887 TI - Single-layer mass closure of major laparotomies by continuous suturing. PMID- 7014886 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: preliminary communication. AB - Following surgical resection of Dukes' B or C colorectal cancers 72 patients have been randomly allocated to receive: 5-fluorouracil; or 5-fluorouracil and levamisole; or no treatment. Adjuvant treatment was continued for one year. 66 patients remain evaluable for up to 24 months. Preliminary results show no significant differences in survival or recurrence rates. Two patients receiving 5 fluorouracil and levamisole developed severe, but reversible, neutropenia. Other side effects were uncommon. PMID- 7014888 TI - Stem cells in rat mammary development and cancer: a review. PMID- 7014889 TI - Regulation of allergic responses by prostaglandins: a review. PMID- 7014891 TI - The story of nephrology. PMID- 7014890 TI - Evolution of the stethoscope. PMID- 7014892 TI - Psychosurgery -- why not ban it? PMID- 7014894 TI - Study of antibody-coated fungi in patients with funguria and suspected disseminated fungal infections or primary fungal pyelonephritis. AB - The direct immunofluorescence method for the detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediments has been used by investigators to distinguish invasive bacterial disease of the renal parenchyma from noninvasive bladder bacteriuria. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the usefulness of the demonstration of urinary fungal immunoglobulins and complement in distinguishing patients with fungal cystitis from those with suspected disseminated fungal disease. Twenty-one patients with microscopic funguria were suspected clinically of having disseminated fungal infection. Urine specimens from these patients were tested for the presence of antibody- and complement coated fungi by direct immunofluorescence with the use of specific goat antisera to human immunoglobulins and complement. No unexpected frequencies of combinations of urinary yeast staining by specific antibody were noted. Urine specimens demonstrating funguria from 12 patients with uncomplicated illnesses were also examined for the presence of antibody- and complement-coated fungi; no unexpected frequencies of combinations of urinary yeast staining were noted in this group and no differences in frequencies of specific antibody staining were noted when compared with results in patients with suspected invasive fungal disease. Thus, no difference in the occurrence of specific antibody or complement adsorbed to urinary yeasts was observed between patients suspected of having invasive fungal disease and a small group of control patients. PMID- 7014893 TI - Primary hyperoxaluria. PMID- 7014896 TI - Immunization in times ancient and modern. PMID- 7014895 TI - Coronary artery spasm: a review. PMID- 7014897 TI - Prosthetic dentistry today. PMID- 7014899 TI - Donald Winnicott. The President's view of a Past President. PMID- 7014898 TI - Aetiology of gynaecological cancer. PMID- 7014901 TI - Treatment of haemophilia by transfusion: the first recorded case. PMID- 7014900 TI - Radiology of Crohn's disease of the small intestine: a review. PMID- 7014902 TI - Freud translated: an historical and bibliographical note. PMID- 7014903 TI - Acquired cross resistance to aminoglycosides in gentamicin-sensitive and gentamicin-resistant strains of enterobacteria. AB - The development of non-specific resistance ot gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin was studied in 12 clinical isolates of enterobacteria with various patterns of aminoglycoside resistance. Strains were characterised with respect to MIC, transferability of resistance and possession of acetylating and adenylylating enzymes. An increase in aminoglycoside resistance was induced in 10 strains by a single exposure to the concentration of gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin immediately below the MIC. Such resistance was non-specific; all three aminoglycosides were affected irrespective of which one had been used to induce the increase. Increments in non-specific aminoglycoside resistance were also evoked by exposure of enterobacteria to changing drug concentrations similar to those achieved in plasma during therapy. When strains already resistant to gentamicin or other aminoglycosides were exposed to therapeutically achievable drug concentrations, no further increase in resistance was observed in most cases. This suggests that use of an aminoglycoside to which the organism is resistant, as during "blind" therapy, will not usually compromise subsequent treatment with related antibiotics. The possible relevance of non-specific aminoglycoside resistance to therapy is discussed. PMID- 7014904 TI - Characterisation of pathogenic species of Candida by gas chromatography: preliminary findings. AB - The volatile substances produced and utilised by some species of Candida isolated from man, were determined in two cultural conditions by gas chromatography. It was possible to characterise Candida krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. albicans and C. guilliermondii, but more species and isolates would have to be studied for conclusive results. PMID- 7014905 TI - Denture identification--your chance to serve. PMID- 7014906 TI - Syringe application of alginate impression material. PMID- 7014907 TI - Edward Miller--American physician (1760-1812). PMID- 7014908 TI - Automated pattern analysis of growing rat lung. AB - This study discusses the use of automatic image analysis equipment in quantifying the structural changes during growth of rat pulmonary parenchyma. At birth the latter consists of primary septa delineating a coarse structure of alveolar sacs which are then subdivided into alveoli by outgrowth of secondary septa from day 4 onwards. This process is followed by internal restructuring of the septa in the third week which further increases the surface area by formation of small irregularities. A partial quantification of these processes was obtained by measuring the full set of parameters available with the Quantimet 720 using light microscopy on rat lung sections at the ages of 4, 10 and 21 days. This yielded basic data, e.g. volume and surface densities of air space and tissue. Using closure and opening as preprocessing operations made it possible to split up such parameters into contributions from different ranges of detail resolution. The mass of eighty-four variables obtained could be reduced to six independent factors by Factor Analysis techniques. Interpretation through their correlation with the original variables yielded septal surface, septal volume, minor and major axes of the large air spaces, and surface detail as important structural descriptors explaining 70% of total variance. The remainder is attributed to between-field variations. PMID- 7014909 TI - Analysis of the spatial organization of the cell: a statistical method for revealing the non-random location of an organelle. AB - A method is proposed for testing the randomness of the location of an organelle within a given area of a cell section. The approach chosen is to analyse the distance between this organelle and a specific point considered as a point of reference. The method consists of converting this distance into the ratio of one given area to another and comparing the statistical distribution of the converted values to the uniform distribution. This method has the advantage of being valid in the absence of any restrictive assumptions concerning the heterogeneity in size and/or shape of the collection of sections sampled. Detailed examples are given to illustrate the practical use of the method, and its possible extensions are discussed. PMID- 7014910 TI - Optimizing sampling efficiency of stereological studies in biology: or 'do more less well!'. AB - The aim of the sampling design for stereology is to obtain the maximal amount of quantitative structural information at a given total cost or effort. Principles of such optimal designs are discussed and methods for generating them are illustrated by a biological example. In general, the variation between different individuals--the biological variation--is the major determinant of overall efficiency, whereas the variation between single microscopic features is unimportant. It follows that the expenditure of time and/or money in order to increase the precision of the individual measurements is irrational in almost all studies where the emphasis is on the biological results. PMID- 7014911 TI - Measuring error and sampling variation in stereology: comparison of the efficiency of various methods for planar image analysis. AB - An evaluation is made of the relative efficiency (precision of the final estimate per unit time of measurement on a given set of sections) of different methods for planar analysis aimed at estimating aggregate, overall stereological parameters (such as VV, SV). The methods tested are point-counting with different densities of test points (4 less than or equal to PT less than 900 per picture), semiautomatic computer image analysis with MOP and automatic image analysis with Quantimet, for obtaining VV and SV estimates. One biological sample as well as three synthetic model structures with known coefficients of variation between sections are used. The standard error of an estimate is mainly determined by the coefficient of variation between sampling units (= sections in the present paper) so that measuring each sample unit with a very high precision is not necessary. Automatic image analysis and point-counting with a 100-point grid were the most efficient methods for reducing the relative standard errors of the VV and SV estimates to equivalent levels in the synthetic models. Using a 64-point grid was as precise, and about 11 times faster than using a tracing device for obtaining the estimate of VV in the biological sample. PMID- 7014912 TI - Stereological estimation of volume ratios by systematic sections. AB - Two related problems are explored. Firstly, a single opaque solid omega 2, is considered. The problem is to estimate the minimum number of systematic sections m, necessary to estimate the volume ratio v = V (omega 2)/V (omega 1) with a coefficient of error or at most gamma 0 with a probability 1 - alpha. Secondly, we consider a population of such specimens. The second problem is to estimate the optimum number of n of specimens to be sampled and the number n of systematic sections per specimen in order to estimate the mean volume ratio v of the population with a relative error of at most epsilon 0 with a probability 1 - alpha. General guidelines for solving the two problems are presented. Practical results applicable to two populations of mouse and guinea-pid lymph nodes, exhibiting a wide variation in size and shape, are obtained. PMID- 7014913 TI - The use of polystyrene microcarriers to prepare cell monolayers for transmission electron microscopy. AB - A simple method is described, using polystyrene microcarrier beads, that allows cell monolayers to be prepared without distortion for transmission electron microscopy. Cells cultured on polystyrene beads (Biosilon R, Nunc, Kamstrup, Denmark) are held in an agar matrix. Before embedding, the beads are dissolved in 1,2-epoxypropane. The technique increased the number of observable cells, when compared to preparations of planar monolayers, and there is good preservation of morphological detail. PMID- 7014914 TI - A technique for obtaining ribbons of epoxy and other plastic sections for light microscopy histology. PMID- 7014915 TI - Role of the uvrE gene product and of inducible O6-methylguanine removal in the induction of mutations by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7014916 TI - Limited proteolysis of N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase: indoleglycerol phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli yields two different enzymically active, functional domains. PMID- 7014917 TI - Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and trp repressor interaction with the promoter operator region of the tryptophan operon of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7014918 TI - Compazine complications: a review. AB - Two patients with toxic reactions to prochlor-perazine (Compazine) prescribed as an antiemetic are presented. The authors caution against wrongfully labeling such patients as having psychiatric disturbances when the cause is iatrogenic. PMID- 7014919 TI - Acute appendicitis as an early manifestation of carcinoma of the cecum: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case report is presented in which carcinoma of the cecum in the early stage manifests as acute appendicitis. The experience in the world literature has been reviewed. The carcinoma of the cecum is often missed during the initial appendectomy. PMID- 7014920 TI - Davidson receives NMA's 1980 Distinguished Service Award. PMID- 7014922 TI - Thirty years at the service of the burned in Argentina and South America: 1980 Evans Lecture, American Burn Association. PMID- 7014921 TI - Carcinogenicity of picloram. AB - Two studies of the carcinogenicity of the herbicide picloram in animals were reviewed. Examination of histological sections showed that picloram is highly carcinogenic in rats and mice. Neoplasms at all sites, including malignant neoplasms, were increased in male and female rats given both low and high doses of picloram in the National Cancer Institute rat study. The malignant neoplasms were both carcinomas and sarcomas. Neoplasms of the endocrine organs, particularly carcinomas, were increased in male and female rats given picloram. These carcinomas were observed in the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Neoplasms were also increased in the liver of male and female rats and in the reproductive organs of female rats given picloram. Male and female mice exposed to picloram developed neoplasms of the spleen in the National Cancer Institute mouse study. There were also toxic changes in rats and mice. Male rats had chronic renal disease, parathyroid hyperplasia, and polyarteritis. There was atrophy of the testes in both male rats and mice given picloram. PMID- 7014923 TI - Studies of abrin toxic action on tumor cells by immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 7014924 TI - Intestinal sucrase-isomaltase complex: morphological identification of the subunit directly bound to the microvillar membrane. PMID- 7014925 TI - An electron microscope study of partially lysed baculovirus nucleocapsids: the intranucleocapsid packaging of viral DNA. PMID- 7014926 TI - Procoat, the precursor of M13 coat protein, inserts post-translationally into the membrane of cells infected by wild-type virus. AB - In growing cells infected by wild-type coliphage M13, the synthesis of procoat protein is completed before it inserts into the plasma membrane ane is converted to coat protein. PMID- 7014927 TI - Curing of P1 prophage from Escherichia coli K-12 recA(P1) lysogens superinfected with P1 bacteriophage. AB - Curing of the P1 plasmid prophage in recA(P1) lysogens by superinfection with another P1 phage was specific and independent of immunity and incompatibility expression. PMID- 7014929 TI - Classification of neurogenic voiding dysfunction. PMID- 7014928 TI - Requirement for protein synthesis for survival of unmodified bacteriophage T1 in a restricting host. AB - At high multiplication of infection, a substantial fraction of restricting cells (P1 lysogens) could be productively infected by unmodified coliphage T1 (T1.0) provided that protein synthesis was uninhibited during the first 5 min of infection. Successful infection under restricting conditions was accompanied by more genetic recombination than was seen under nonrestricting host, the recombination frequency declined for markers on T1.0 genomes; no effect was seen on recombination between markers on modified (T1.P) genomes. This suggested that recombination between unmodified genomes may be essential for their survival under conditions of host restriction. In a restricting host, genetic markers on T1.0 could recombine with T1.P even when the rescuing phage was added 6 min after T1.0 infection. However, even marker rescue recombination was diminished when protein synthesis was inhibited during early infection. Since DNA restriction is an early event, protein synthesis may be required soon after infection of a restricting host by T1.0 in order to preserve restriction-damaged DNA in a form that can participate in recombination. Experiments are also described that rule out some possibilities for the role of such a protein(s). PMID- 7014930 TI - Management of end stage polycystic kidney disease with renal transplantation. AB - Thirty renal transplants have been done in 25 patients with end stage polycystic kidney disease. All but 2 allografts were from a cadaver donor and the average followup was 5 plus or minus 0.9 years. THe 1 and 5-year patient survival rates after transplantation were 76 and 50 per cent, respectively, and allograft survival rates were 63.3 and 39.1 per cent at the same intervals. Of 14 patients at risk for more than 8 years 6 still have well functioning allografts. Nine patients underwent transplantation with both polycystic kidneys in situ and with no adverse sequelae resulting from the retained native kidneys. Despite the risk factors inherent in an older than normal population of cadaver allograft recipients, renal transplantation is an excellent method for treating end stage polycystic kidney disease and holds the prospect for long-term allograft and patient survival rates. PMID- 7014931 TI - Treatment of residual, non-infiltrating bladder cancer with bacillus Calmette Guerin. PMID- 7014933 TI - Ultrasound and radionuclide studies of urinary extravasation with hydronephrosis. PMID- 7014932 TI - Pathogenesis of urinary infection in patients with acute spinal cord injury on intermittent catheterization. AB - In a small pilot study urinary tract infection in patients with acute spinal injury was preceded by the establishment of Enterobacteriaceae on the introitus, glans and urethra. Those patients who retain the normal flora do not become infected. The first infection most commonly is by Escherichia coli with universal antibiotic sensitivities. Female patients with a history of urinary infections and male patients with a history of bacterial prostatitis are at risk for suffering recurrent infections. Saline or chlorhexidine gluconate pre-catheter preparation does not appear to relate to a continual status free of infection. PMID- 7014934 TI - New studies confirm MAO inhibitors' efficacy in treating severe anxiety. PMID- 7014935 TI - Aspirin-induced prolongation of bleeding time and perioperative blood loss. AB - One hundred twenty-nine patients undergoing total hip replacement were treated with aspirin at a level of either 300 mg four times a day (1.2 g/day) or 900 mg four times a day (3.6 g/day). Baseline bleeding times before aspirin treatment averaged 4.18 +/- 1.44 minutes. Two hours after 300 mg and 900 mg of aspirin, the bleeding times were 5.83 +/- 1.88 and 5.72 +/- 1.57 minutes, respectively. After three to five days of aspirin therapy at 1.2 g/day and 3.6 g/day, the bleeding times were 6.27 +/- 2.27 and 6.43 +/- 2.11 minutes, respectively. The bleeding times for all the aspirin-treated groups were longer than baseline times. No paradoxical shortening of the bleeding time was noted at the 3.6-g/day dose. Perioperative blood loss for those receiving aspirin was not increased in six of eight subsets by operation and anesthesia when compared with historical control subjects. Neither a bleeding time greater than ten minutes nor a prolongation of the bleeding time by aspirin of more than four minutes over baseline bleeding times was associated with increased perioperative blood loss. PMID- 7014936 TI - Constantin I. Parhon. PMID- 7014937 TI - Can you alter your heart disease risk? PMID- 7014938 TI - A medical tour of Boston. PMID- 7014939 TI - Lise Meitner. PMID- 7014941 TI - Good news! Bad news? The status of respiratory therapy in the 1980s. PMID- 7014942 TI - Eduard Buchner. PMID- 7014940 TI - Increased risk of group B streptococcal disease in twins. AB - Infants who are the product of multiple births comprise a newly defined group of patients at increased risk for the development of invasive, group B streptococcal infection. This report summarizes the clinical and bacteriological features of 11 sets of twins and one set of triplets in which one (nine sets) or more (three sets) infants had proved early- or late-onset group B streptococcal infection. Reasons for the enhanced susceptability of index patients and their siblings are discussed. On the basis of these observations, an emperical approach is proposed for the treatment of the apparently noninvolved sibling of a twin with invasive group B streptococcal infection. PMID- 7014943 TI - Betty Gilson, MD: keeping the faith. PMID- 7014944 TI - Harold Muchmore, MD: antarctic medicine. PMID- 7014945 TI - Calvin Settlage, MD: looking at children. PMID- 7014946 TI - Contempo '81. Changing federal and state relationships--a new era in health? PMID- 7014947 TI - Contempo '81. Computers in the clinical laboratory. New problems and new solutions. PMID- 7014948 TI - Otto Hahn. PMID- 7014949 TI - A reluctant surgeon at sea. PMID- 7014950 TI - Alexander Garden. PMID- 7014951 TI - The nursing bottle caries syndrome. PMID- 7014952 TI - Update: chenodeoxycholic acid and gallstones. PMID- 7014953 TI - Single-dose amoxicillin therapy for urinary tract infection. PMID- 7014954 TI - Epoprostenol now the focus of numerous clinical trials. PMID- 7014955 TI - Increments in progress against cancer. PMID- 7014956 TI - Alternate-day steroid therapy for renal transplant patients. PMID- 7014957 TI - Selection of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for long-term oxygen therapy. AB - The Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial, a study of oxygen therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, has combined the experience of six centers concerning the selection of patients for oxygen treatment. Forty-five percent of hypoxic patients initially selected for the study improved enough during the one month of outpatient observation to allow suspension of plans to treat them with oxygen. Therefore, long-term oxygen therapy plans should only be made without a month of careful observation. Resting PaO2 values less than 40 mm Hg suggest instability or that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not the only cause of the hypoxemia. Nasal prong oxygen flow of 1 to 3 L/min reversed hypoxemia in 95% of stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7014958 TI - Experimental cryptococcal-induced myocarditis. AB - Rabbits and Wistar rats developed myocarditis after intracardiac inoculation with Cryptococcus neoformans. Myocardial lesions were observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks after this inoculation in all animals. The cardiac lesions consisted of focal necrosis with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration in the myocardium. Cryptococcus neoformans itself was found by PAS stain and indirect immunofluorescence stain by the 2nd week after the inoculation. Maximal cardiac lesions were observed in the 2nd week and thereafter, the lesions showed progressive scarring. In the 9th week, there were fibrotic lesions and we were not able to demonstrate cryptococcal antigens in these lesions. Fungemia and antibody for Cryptococcus neoformans were not found over the entire period. Cryptococcal meningeal lesions were observed in all animals. In the animals given an intracardiac administration of saline. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens, there were no myocardial lesions. The relationship of this experimental fungal myocarditis and fungal endocarditis in human is discussed. PMID- 7014959 TI - Renin dependent hypertension by dissecting aortic aneurysm. A case report. AB - A 49-year-old female patient with dissecting aortic aneurysm and severe hypertension was reported. Aortogram revealed dissection of De Bakey type IIIb, which extended to the iliac artery and caused occlusion of the left renal artery. Peripheral plasma renin activity was extremely elevated and 1-Sar-8-Ile angiotensin II produced a marked fall in blood pressure. The patient was treated conservatively with antihypertensive agents for about 4 years from July, 1974 to October, 1978 when she died suddenly in an early morning. PMID- 7014960 TI - [Immunological studies on pyelonephritis -- in vitro phagocytosis of Proteus mirabilis by rat peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014961 TI - [Changes in fecal microflora of rats during lactation with special reference to enhancement of Escherichia coli populations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014962 TI - Distribution and ultrastructure of gastrin cells in the duck digestive tract. PMID- 7014964 TI - Use of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test to detect antibodies in sera of breast cancer patients. AB - Sera from 114 breast cancer patients, 53 patients with other tumors, and 29 healthy controls were tested for antibodies reactive in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity tests against a new breast cancer cell line (PMC9), two well-documented cell lines (MCF-7 and BT-20), and two melanoma cell lines. Of the breast cancer sera, 47% reacted with PMC9, whereas 30% reacted with the melanoma cell lines (P less than 0.05). Only 22% of sera from other cancer patients and 21% of sera from healthy controls reacted with PMC9 (P less than 0.05). The reactivity of sera from breast cancer patients was related to clinical stage of disease. Absorption studies on sera showing reactivity to both PMC9 and melanoma cells showed that the antimelanoma reactivity could be removed leaving anti-PMC9 reactivity intact. This study demonstrated the presence of breast cancer associated antibody to PMC9 but not MCF-7 or BT-20 in the sera of breast cancer patients. PMID- 7014963 TI - Developmental susceptibilities of rabbits to various biological activities of bacterial endotoxin. PMID- 7014965 TI - Quantitative assay for lectin-induced cytoagglutination by means of an electronic particle-counting technique. AB - A method employing an electronic particle-counting technique was used to quantify lectin-induced agglutination of human granulocytes and lymphocytes with either concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin. The number and mean volume of single cells and aggregates in the presence of increasing concentrations of lectin were computed from 95% confidence intervals. Agglutination depended on both the number of free cells and the number and size of the cell clusters. Changes in these two variables were mutually independent of one another, and both were simultaneously determined. An index of agglutination that takes the effect of these two variables into account was defined as (formula: see text) VA equals mean volume of cell aggregates, NS equals number of single cells, NA equals number of cell aggregates, VS equals mean volume of single cells, rb equals r at a given lectin concentration, and ra equals r in the absence of lectin. For any combination of lectin and cell type, the agglutination curve, as described by zeta, consisted of two components: a) a flat region in which zeta remained constant with increasing lectin concentrations and b) a region in which zeta increased linearly as a function of the logarithm of lectin concentration. The shapes of these curves offered two parameters for quantitative comparison of agglutinability: 1)threshold concentration, defined as the minimum concentration of lectin (microgram/ml) required to bring about a measurable rise in zeta and 2) the concentration gradient, defined as the change in zeta for an increase of one log unit in the concentration of the lectin in the range beyond the threshold concentration. This method offers a high degree of quantification and provides reliable information that can be meaningfully correlated with cell surface characteristics. PMID- 7014966 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to Shope fibroma virus-induced tumors in adult rabbits. AB - The parameters of cell-mediated immune responses of adult rabbits infected with Shope fibroma virus (SFV) were characterized by measurement of the size of local draining nodes, number of cells per lymph node, mitogen responses of lymphocytes, and kinetics of virus-specific cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML). In addition, the cytolytic effector population was characterized. After intradermal injections, tumors appeared within 3-4 days, reached maximum size in 10-12 days, and then regressed completely with 24 days. The size of local popliteal lymph nodes, in particular the diffuse cortex (paracortex), and the number of cells per node increased during tumor growth but then declined as the tumor regressed. Maximum specific CML to SFV-infected kidney cell monolayers (RK-13) occurred 10 days after inoculation of SFV and correlated with the initiation of tumor regression. Adult cytotoxic lymphocytes passed through nylon wool, and most of their activity was removed by treatment with antithymocyte globulin plus complement. Cytotoxic T-cells from SFV tumor-bearing rabbits killed only targets infected with SFV and not targets uninfected or infected with vaccinia virus. Therefore, T-cell-mediated virus-specific CML appeared as a major immune effector mechanism that correlated with tumor regression. However, antibody-dependent cell mediated and NK cytotoxicity were also demonstrable. The presence of different cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms suggested a heterogeneity of effector mechanism. PMID- 7014967 TI - Retarded growth of murine tumors in vivo by insulin- and glucagon-stimulated immunity and phagocytosis. AB - Insulin and glucagon injected separately or simultaneously into CBA, C57BL, A, or C3Hf/Bu mice with aplastic carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma B16, Ehrlich tumor, lymphatic leukemia, or thymoma suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the mouse's mean survival time. Basic mechanistic features of growth retardation by insulin and glucagon were delineated for aplastic carcinoma and fibrosarcoma. In mice bearing these 2 tumors, stimulated plaque-forming capacity and phagocytosis were shown for these hormones. Cyclophosphamide abolished the growth retardation. Insulin- and glucagon-induced tumor suppression appeared mainly mediated by maintenance of high immune reactivity and phagocytosis. PMID- 7014968 TI - Pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 7014969 TI - The influence of William Stewart Halsted's concepts of surgical training. PMID- 7014970 TI - Membrane damage by complement. PMID- 7014971 TI - [Epithelioid cell granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014972 TI - [Host lipids in tuberculosis infection. I. Phospholipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014973 TI - [A study on a hot-water extract from delipidated BCG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7014975 TI - [Functional state of the renin-angiotensin system in the diuretic therapy of hypertension]. AB - The functional condition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was studied according to the level of plasma-renin activity determined under basal conditions and after walking prior to and after 3 days of medication with furosemide and after a course of hydrochlorothiazide treatment. The authors studied 34 males from 22 to 45 years of age with an uncomplicated course of hypertensive disease and labile or stable hypertension. Three groups of patients were distinguished according to the reaction of renin activity to walking in the control period: I, normorenin with normal basal level of renin activity, a somewhat reduced but within normal ranges and gradually growing during treatment RAS reaction; II, hyperrenin with a higher basal level of renin activity which increased sharply after stimulation by walking and furosemide; III, hyporenin with a very low basal level of renin activity which was areactive to stimulation by walking and hyporeactive to stimulation by furosemide. The hypotensive effect of diuretics was higher in patients of group II. In group III patients there was a prevalent decrease in sytolic arterial pressure. No connection was found between the decrease in arterial pressure and the decrease in the volume of circulating plasma. PMID- 7014974 TI - [Role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7014976 TI - [Changes in the basic central hemodynamic indices in healthy persons and hypertension patients under physical loading]. AB - In moderate exercise the rate of cardiac contractions is clearly increased in healthy individuals as well as their systolic pressure and minute volume, and to a lesser extent, the stroke volume too; the diastolic arterial pressure hardly changes in diminution of the total peripheral resistance. The systolic and diastolic pressure increase during exercise in patients with hypertensive disease to a greater extent than in healthy individuals. The stroke volume at the early stage of the disease increases to a lesser extent than in healthy individuals, while in the late stage it decreases. Total peripheral resistance in the late stage of the diseases reduces less than in healthy individuals. PMID- 7014978 TI - [Use of a radioimmunological study sequence for elucidating the role of vasopressor factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension]. AB - An increased content of one of the three hormones that were studied (cortisol, aldosterone and renin) or of their various combinations was found in 58 of 97 patients with hypertensive disease. It is concluded that cortisol plays a predominant role in the mechanism of the maintenance of the blood pressure level in the initial stage of the disease and in a milder course of hypertension. In later periods and in cases with higher blood pressure values, its level is sustained by the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system. The content of the studied hormones was lower in the remaining 39 patients than in the control group. PMID- 7014977 TI - [Symptomatic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7014979 TI - [Effect of prostacyclin and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on the vascular tone and reactivity of the kidneys and extremities]. AB - The authors studied the effect of prostacycline and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on the tonus of renal vessels of normotensive rats and rabbits, as well as on the noradrenalin action in the renal and lymph vessels of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effect of prostacycline and prostaglandin E2 proved to be dependent on the type of the animals: in rabbits they reduced, whereas in rats they increased renal perfusion pressure. Indomethacin reduced, while prostaglandin E2 restored the noradrenalin-induced pressor reaction in normotensive rats. In rats with spontaneous hypertension these effects were less pronounced. Prostaglandin F2 alpha increased the pressor effect of noradrenalin both in normotensive and in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7014980 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7014981 TI - Current status of the use of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the management of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7014983 TI - Pediatric renal transplantation. PMID- 7014982 TI - Localization of platelet antigens in human kidney disease. AB - The localization of a platelet antigen or antigens kidneys from 106 patients with renal disease was evaluated with immunofluorescent microscopy by using a rabbit antibody to human platelets. The antiplatelet IgG fixed to the surface membrane of platelets did not react with erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma, normal kidney, or a variety of normal tissue targets. Significant glomerular and vascular deposition of platelet antigen (or antigens) was observed along the endothelium or as vascular plugs in kidney tissue from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (types I and II), diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal disease, scleroderma, and other diseases. Dual label immunofluorescent studies revealed that platelet antigen (or antigens) and fibrinogen/fibrin-related antigen (FRA) were usually, though not always, present in similar loci. Platelet antigens were not observed at sites of intense FRA deposition: in the mesangium in anaphylactoid purpura and in glomerular crescents in Goodpasture's syndrome. Platelet antigen was detected in the peritubular capillaries of most patients with diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7014985 TI - Immunology of pyelonephritis in the primate model: live versus heat-killed bacteria. AB - We produced nonobstructive pyelonephritis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) by means of a retrograde inoculation of Escherichia coli to the point of pyelotubular backflow. To evaluate the immune response separate from the effects of infection, we introduced heat-killed bacteria in the same fashion. The disease from live bacteria is self-limited and associated with both a local and generalized immune response. The most marked cellular response is in the regional lymph nodes and is more specific to the bacterial antigen than is generalized stimulation of the immune system. Dead bacteria, while eliciting the formation of serum antibody to the O antigen, appear to ablate the cellular response seen with live bacteria. Loss of renal tubules with attended scarring and loss of renal function does occur from live bacteria. This does not appear to be due to the antigen alone (unless a heat labile antigen is responsible), because heat-killed bacteria do not cause renal scarring. Thus, renal damage seems dependent on an active infection and not on the immune response. PMID- 7014984 TI - Pathophysiology of altered glomerular function in aminoglycoside-treated rats. AB - To evaluate the relative influences of gentamicin and tobramycin on glomerular function, we studied three groups of normal hydropenic rats. Group 1 had 8 rats that served as control. Group 2 had 9 rats that were given gentamicin (40 mg/kg of body wt per day for 10 days). Group 3 had 10 rats that received tobramycin instead of gentamicin. In addition, we attempted to suppress angiotensin II (AII) generation in two additional groups of rats and then study the glomerular response to gentamicin: in 6 rats, isotonic sodium chloride was substituted for tap water for drinking throughout the period of study (group 4), and in 7 other gentamicin-treated rats, captopril was given orally (group 5). A sixth group received captopril alone (group 6). Following gentamicin treatment in group 2, values for single nephron GFR (SNGFR) were markedly lower (21.7 +/- 2.1 nl/min) than they were in groups 1(35.7 +/- 1.4) or 3(34.1 +/- 2.9). Declines in whole kidney GFR in group 2 paralleled the fall in SNGFR. Reduction in SNGFR with gentamicin was due both to a marked decline in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf, and in the initial glomerular plasma flow rate, QA. With saline administration (group 4), the decline in SNGFR was partially blunted, whereas with captopril (group 5) the effects of gentamicin on SNGFR, QA, and Kf were largely abolished. Morphologic studies revealed no discernible glomerular defects in any groups, whereas proximal tubule damage was evident with both aminoglycosides, irrespective of the state of the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, in the dosage used, gentamicin elicits greater impairment in glomerular function than does tobramycin, and by mechanism(s) that are at least partially responsive to suppression of AII generation. PMID- 7014986 TI - Serial study of circulating immune complexes before and after renal transplantation. AB - To clarify the relationship of circulating immune complexes (CIC) to acute rejection or intercurrent infection, we studied the presence of CIC's by four methods in renal allograft recipients, by serial monitoring, before and after transplantation, of both CIC and donor-specific immunologic parameters. Three of the methods were dependent on the precipitation of CIC with low concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG). They were the radioisotopic conglutinin-binding assay, the Clq-binding assay, and the radial immunodiffusion (RID) of IgG and IgM in PEG precipitates. The fourth method was the Raji cell assay. These techniques were applied to sequentially collected serum samples from 26 patients, both before and up to 20 months after transplantation (mean followup, 7.2 months). CIC's were present in 14 out of 26 (54%) patients studied before transplantation. Glomerulonephritis was the primary renal disease in only half of these patients. Of this half, 12 (86%) were positive after transplantation, whereas only 2 of the 12 (17%) with no CIC before transplantation became positive subsequently. CIC's were demonstrable in 19 out of 28 patients (68%) during the posttransplant observation. In five instances (4 patients), they appeared only transiently (in 1 in association with rejection and in another 2 with intercurrent infection). In 14 patients, CIC's were detectable until the end of the observation period. In 23 rejection episodes in 16 renal allograft recipients, CIC's were present in association with 9 (39%) of these episodes, but the appearance or reappearance of CIC's coincided with rejection in only 5 of these episodes (or 22%). Thus, a cause-and-effect relationship is not established. In contrast, test for donor specific immunologic monitoring, especially lymphocyte-mediated cytoxicity (LMC D), became positive for 63% of the rejections and became negative when rejection activity subsided. CIC's were present at the time of only 4 of 15 infective episodes (27%). The fate of the allograft was no different in the CIC-positive group compared with those in whom they could not be detected. Among another 33 patients with long-surviving grafts (mean, 3.7 years) and studied for brief periods, CIC's were detected in 6 (18%). All 6 had excellent graft function though 1 had developed membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7014988 TI - [70 years of pediatrics as subject at the University of Rostock]. PMID- 7014987 TI - [Cerebral computed tomography in acute childhood leukemias]. AB - It is suggested that cranial computerized (axial) tomography permits a more complete neurologic work-up for all children with acute leukemia. It also permits a better knowledge of the frequency and varieties of cerebral complications in leukemia. Endocranial complications in acute leukemia are essentially infiltrative, hemorrhagic, infectious or iatrogenic. Cranial computerized tomography can demonstrate cerebral changes in meningeal leukemia, hemorrhages, calcifications, brain atrophy or leukencephalopathy. The preliminary results of cranial computerized tomography in childhood leukemia suggest that the iatrogenic main lesion of the brain due to combined radiation-chemotherapy is atrophy whereas that of the intrathecal cytostatic therapy is demyelination. Accurate diagnostics and control of possible cerebral complications in therapy of leukemia is essentially for appropriate therapeutic management. For that cranial computerized tomography may be the best method to a effective exploration of the brain. PMID- 7014989 TI - [Body temperature and fever--body temperature regulation, indications and possibilities of fever reducing therapy. II. Indications and effects of fever lowering procedures and fever-reducing drug therapy]. AB - Fever should be treated according to the individual situation. Securing a sufficient fluid intake is the most important primary measure. The decrease of body temperature by physical means is efficient only in combination with drug therapy and presumes the control of blood circulation. Aminophenazon is the most efficient drug to lower fever. Metamizol should be prefered in children at risk for convulsive disorders. The combination of aminophenazon with phenothiazines can be recommended , prothazine is the drug of first choice in suitable cases a caudal treatment of fever with antiphlogistic drugs as diclophenacsodium (Voltaren) is indicated. PMID- 7014990 TI - [Experiences with blood culture in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in premature and newborn term infants]. PMID- 7014991 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae meningitis--new diagnostic possibilities]. PMID- 7014992 TI - [History of the development of surgical treatment of breast cancer, from ancient Egypt to the present time]. PMID- 7014993 TI - [Comparative evaluation of mechanical and manual anastomosis sutures in complicated forms of colonic cancer]. PMID- 7014994 TI - [Need for using hypertonic alkaline sodium solutions in volume replacement]. PMID- 7014995 TI - [Case of a giant follicular lymphoblastoma (Brill-Symmers disease) manifesting as a picture of acute surgical abdomen]. PMID- 7014996 TI - [15th anniversary of the death of Prof. K. A. Stoianov]. PMID- 7014997 TI - [Serum immunofluorescence examination in loa ophthalmia (author's transl)]. AB - Loaiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the filaria Loa loa.As soon as the worm reaches the subconjunctival space local irration ensues. This so-called Loa ophthalmia necessitates immediate surgical intervention which can be performed under topical anesthesia, using the slit lamp. The indirect immunofluorescence technique represents a valuable diagnostic test,since it is usually difficult to demonstrate the microfilaria in the peripheral blood. PMID- 7014998 TI - [Goniotrepanation using scleral flap in modern surgery of glaucoma]. AB - In the introduction, the principles and limitations of modern glaucoma surgery are described. There then follow some personal observations on the history of goniotrepanation, from which it is evident that the scleral flap is not the invention of any single surgeon, but rather the result of experiments by several. The importance of the scleral flap was proved by the almost simultaneous appearance of trabeculectomy and goniotrepanation and, some time later, of Schleie's covered fistulizing operation. The technical details of goniotrepanation and the features peculiar to this procedure are then described. It follows from this description that goniotrepanation is a microsurgical procedure demanding skill and experience on the part of the surgeon. Comparative studies of goniotrepanation in the literature are then discussed in detail. These are concerned with postoperative findings, pressure regulation, morphological changes at the site of the operation and the effect on visual function. The advantages of goniotrepanation and the function of the parathalamus, which represents a new drainage path for the aqueous, are then described. The procedure creates a normal balance between the quantity of aqueous produced and its drainage to the exterior, resulting in a normalization of intraocular pressure. This drain does not lead directly to the subconjunctival space, but indirectly, via normal pathways, through the parathalamus formed by the flap. The creation of the parathalamus can be useful in glaucoma surgery; it offers advantages as regards both indication and surgical technique. PMID- 7014999 TI - [Comparative study between timolol and d-epinephrine in the treatment of open angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study lasting eight months and involving 40 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, the pressure-lowering effects of 0.25-0.5% timolol maleate were compared those of 0.1% epinephrine hydrochloride and 1% epinephrine. Timolol maleate was significantly more effective in reducing elevated IOP, both before cross-over and overall at both the lowest and highest concentrations of drug used; it was also without adverse side effects. The observed and reported adverse reactions during the epinephrine treatment period, such as blepharoconjunctivitis, burning and stinging after drug instillation, occurred less frequently with 0.1% epinephrine hydrochloride than with 1% epinephrine, whereas reduction of IOP was almost the same. PMID- 7015000 TI - [Orthoptic exercises - a historical survey (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is presented of orthoptic exercises practiced over the last 120 years. An attempt is made to deduce attitudes to the exercises from contemporary sensory theories. The currently prevalent nihilistic attitude toward orthoptic training is discussed. PMID- 7015002 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of insulin administered intraperitoneal in a bolus form (author's transl)]. AB - Although carbohydrate-intake and subcutaneous insulin injection in the insulin dependent diabetics are brought to match with one another, there is often an incongruity between the momentary insulin need and the actual insulin supply, because insulin is resorbed relatively slow from the subcutaneous injection site. While the plasma insulin concentration in healthy persons after carbohydrate intake reaches its maximum after ca. 45 min, the maximum insulin concentration after subcutaneous application of regular insulin is observed only after ca. 2 h. For this reason, we studied whether a faster rise in the insulin concentration can be obtained by intraperitoneal bolus application of insulin. 5 metabolic healthy volunteers received 20 UI regular insulin diluted in isotonic saline solution injected intraperitoneal. The insulin concentration in the peripherovenous system was examined. In order to prevent severe hypoglycaemia the test persons were connected to a Biostator (so-called artificial Beta-cell), which delivered glucose automatically when the blood glucose concentration fell below the 60 mg/dl - level, and thus avoided a drastic fall of the blood glucose. A rapid increase in the plasma insulin concentration was observed within a few minutes after the intraperitoneal bolus injection of insulin. After ca. 20 min the maximal insulin concentration was reached. Already after ca. 2 h the plasma insulin levels fell off and approached the initial values. Consequently, the changes of insulin concentration after intraperitoneal bolus application of insulin correspond widely to the insulin curve characteristic of metabolic healthy persons after carbohydrate-intake. Thus, the intraperitoneal bolus injection of insulin presents a mode of application, which must be pursued further in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 7015001 TI - The pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG). A tumour marker? AB - Long-term studies of alpha 2-PAG in sera of patients with breast cancer, bronchial carcinoma, gynaecological carcinoma, melanoma and laryngeal carcinoma have proved that alpha 2-PAG is a possible laboratory parameter for the assessment of recurrence of tumour and metastasis. The results published for trophoblastic tumour and gastrointestinal carcinoma are still divergent. Because of the large individual range of alpha 2-PAG concentrations and the widely differing alpha 2-PAG levels in men and women single determinations of this protein are without value. A detailed classification of the pathological mechanisms to which these proteins are submitted is still missing and consequently we have no fundamental knowledge of diseases that apart from pregnancy and neoplasia lead to changes in the physiological alpha 2-PAG serum concentration. PMID- 7015003 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for relapsed, acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Seventeen patients with relapsed, acute leukemia were grafted with bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings by the 'Munich Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation' during the period from August 1975 to June 1980. The antileukemic and immunosuppressive conditioning treatment consisted of high doses of bischlorethyl nitrosourea, Cytosine-Arabinoside and Cyclophosphamide, as well as, total body irradiation of about 9 Gy (midline body dose) from dual 60Cobalt sources. Methotrexate was given to all patients for prophylaxis of graft-versus host disease (GvHD). Nine patients received marrow that was treated with anti-T cell globulin (ATCG) "in vitro".--Crossreacting antibodies against hemopoietic stem cells were removed by absorption. Two of 5 evaluable patients given untreated marrow developed chronic GvHD, while patients given ATCG-treated marrow did not show unequivocal symptoms of GvHD. Six patients are in complete remission one to 33 months following bone marrow transplantation (b.m.t.) Five patients died with relapses of leukemia between 3 1/2 and 24 months following b.m.t., 3 patients died with interstitial pneumonia within 3 months of b.m.t. and 3 patients died with insufficient graft function within 4 weeks of b.m.t. Four of thirteen patients that were grafted more than 6 months ago are presently alive and in continuous complete remission at 11, 14, 29 and 33 months following b.m.t. Our results confirm that longterm remissions can be obtained with b.m.t. in patients with acute leukemia in advanced stage. PMID- 7015004 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Hundred ana-positive sera--60 sera of SLE-patients and 40 sera of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis--were investigated for ana and DNA antibodies. For these purposes nine different methods including several radioimmunological and immunofluorescence techniques with partially distinct antigen-specificities were tested. While the radioimmunoassays showed only slightly different results, significant differences in sensitivity as well as in antibody specificity existed mainly in the indirect immunofluorescence techniques using different substrates. For clinical use, a combination of various techniques seemed to be useful i.e. indirect immunofluorescence on hemolysed bird erythrocytes and on frozen native rat liver sections. For DNA-antibodies in diagnosis and control during the course of the diseases the radioimmunoassay with simultaneous detection of antibodies to single- and double stranded DNA is most suitable. Antibodies to distinct nuclear antigens are detectable in various amount in the rheumatic diseases. While ds-DNA-antibodies seemed to be most specific for SLE, ss-DNA-antibodies occurred in nearly all ana-positive sera and seemed to be less specific for one disease than all the other ana-fractions. PMID- 7015005 TI - Distribution of carcinoembryonic antigens and blood group substances in adenocarcinoma of the colon. AB - Immunoperoxidase techniques were used to localize carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) and human blood group substances (BGS) in 41 adenocarcinomas of the colon and 15 metastases or recurrences of these tumors. Ten primary tumors (24 per cent) were strongly positive for both antigens, 12 (29 per cent) were positive for BGS only, 11 (27 per cent) were positive for CEA only, and eight (20 per cent) contained only microscopic amounts of either. With few exceptions, individual tumor cells contained either CEA, BGS, or neither, but not both. Cancers of the left colon which were positive for BGS were associated with a lower frequency of metastases than were those without BGS (p less than 0.01); tumors lacking both CEA and BGS metastasized more frequently than those tumors containing either or both antigens (p less than 0.01). In tumors of the right colon, there was no significant correlation between antigen content and frequency of metastases. In three cases, the development of recurrent or metastatic tumor was associated with a loss of BGS positivity. The data suggest that immunohistochemical studies of BGS and CEA may be of value in estimating the clinical behavior of certain colon carcinomas. PMID- 7015006 TI - Junius Alcaeus Mayes, M.D. 1822-1901. PMID- 7015007 TI - Sex education in 1900, 1940 and 1980: an historical sketch. PMID- 7015008 TI - Sex education a bibliography for professionals with a focus on schools. PMID- 7015009 TI - A 37XO chromosome complement in a kitten. PMID- 7015010 TI - Who needs veterinary history? PMID- 7015011 TI - Historical cases. Illustrations of the distemper of dogs. By William Youatt. PMID- 7015012 TI - Variations in vascular resistance of isolated rat hearts during normothermic and hypothermic experiments. AB - The flexibility of an automated, modified Langendorff perfusion column is illustrated by a series of experiments on isolated rat hearts under the following conditions:L normothermia, hypothermia, the addition of a cryoprotective agent- ethylene glycol and cooling to -13 degrees C and -22 degrees C. Successful normothermic perfusions of up to 14 h were achieved. Hypothermia prevented a rise in vascular resistance with time and improved the electrocardiograms. Ethylene glycol was administered during the cooling period to -22 degrees C at temperatures below 23 degrees C. It was removed upon warming and before toxic effects were visible, thus leading to good recovery. By controlling the speed of the perfusate's peristaltic pump, the perfusion pressure was not allowed to exceed a pre-set level. A constant and standard vascular resistance at any selected perfusion temperature, normal heart rate and electrocardiograms were the criteria for normality. PMID- 7015013 TI - Computer control of a modified Langendorff perfusion apparatus for organ preservation using cryoprotective agents. AB - The construction of an isolated rat heart cryopreservation apparatus which is interfaced to a process-control computer is described. The flexibility of the equipment is demonstrated by the running of simultaneous dual sets of experiments under multiple and variable conditions. The computer-control program allows interactive calibration of the instruments, accurate control of variables and modification of parameters during the experiments. By controlling the speed of the perfusate's peristaltic pump, perfusion pressure was not allowed to exceed a present level. Experiments are reported which allow the storage of hearts at -22 degrees C with the aid of the cryoprotective agents, ethylene glycol. PMID- 7015014 TI - Indomethacin-induced augmentation of insulin release. PMID- 7015015 TI - Prediction of cadaver kidney function by ligandin analysis. PMID- 7015016 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation: critical timing and combination with cyclosporin A for immunosuppression in a rat heart allograft model. PMID- 7015017 TI - Evidence for graft-versus-host disease in total-lymphoid-irradiated recipients of allogeneic bone marrow and skin grafts. PMID- 7015018 TI - The antigenicity of synchronous cancers of the colon and rectum. AB - Immuno-reactivity to tumor extracts in patients with colorectal cancer was evaluated by the direct leukocyte migration inhibition assay. Hypertonic potassium chloride extracts were prepared from a group of synchronous colorectal cancers and from single colorectal cancers. Both groups of extracts were tested in patients with single colorectal cancers. All patients were tested preoperatively, none were previously treated, and none had distant metastases. Synchronous extracts showed no significant migration inhibition in allogeneic assays. Single colorectal cancers showed highly significant inhibition to autologous extracts only and not to allogeneic extracts. These data support the contention colorectal cancers are antigenically dissimilar. PMID- 7015019 TI - The variance of the distribution of traversal times in a capillary bed. PMID- 7015020 TI - Prospective, randomized, double-blind study using prophylactic cephalothin for major, elective, general thoracic operations. AB - A total of 211 patients were entered into a randomized, double-blind study of postoperative infection in which an antibiotic (cephalothin) and a placebo were used. The antibiotic was effective in reducing sleep wound infections (p less than 0.05) and superficial wound infections (p less than 0.01). The incidence of pulmonary infections was decreased, but the change was not statistically significant, and the incidence of empyema was unaffected. PMID- 7015021 TI - Prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia with low-dose propranolol after coronary bypass. AB - Eighty-five patients receiving long-term propranolol therapy were randomized after aorta-coronary bypass grafting either to receive minidose propranolol (Group I) or to serve as controls (Group II). They were compared with 18 patients (Group III) who did not receive beta blocking agents prior to operation but were given propranolol postoperatively. Poor-risk patients (those having left ventricular aneurysms, low ejection fraction, or congestive heart failure) as well as patients who required catecholamines postoperatively were included in the study. All three groups were comparable with respect to all risk factors. Propranolol (5 to 10 mg/6 hr) was started through a nasogastric tube 6 hours after operation and continued orally in all patients in Groups I and III. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia appeared in two of 37 patients in Group I (5%), 19 of 48 patients in Group II (40%), and five of 18 patients in Group III (27%). The incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia was significantly lower in Group I than in Groups II and III (p less than 0.001, Group I versus Group II; p less than 0.01, Group I versus Group III). In conclusion, low-dose propranolol is very effective in preventing supraventricular tachyarrhythmia following aorta coronary bypass in patients receiving beta blockers preoperatively. The increased tendency for postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmia to develop in these patients is attributed to hypersensitivity to adrenergic stimulation after propranolol withdrawal. The tachyarrhythmia can be prevented by early reinstitution of propranolol in low doses after the operation. PMID- 7015022 TI - Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukemia): a review of the evidence concerning the immunology and origin of the cell. PMID- 7015024 TI - [Carcinoid tumors and syndromes]. PMID- 7015027 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 5. One sample of paired observations (paired t test). PMID- 7015025 TI - [Rare cause of hydrocephalus in children: papilloma of the choroid plexus]. PMID- 7015026 TI - Current problems in the diagnosis and management of chronic active hepatitis. AB - Although corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in the treatment of most forms of severe chronic active hepatitis, many problems remain in the diagnosis and management of patients with this disease. Difficulties in determining chronicity, establishing the correct diagnosis, and deciding when and how to initiate and stop therapy jeopardize successful management. Mechanisms of drug action, pharmacokinetics, long-term sequelae of therapy, and optimum treatment schedules have been incompletely described. A satisfactory program of management remains undefined for patients with less than severe disease, hepatitis B surface antigenemia, and suboptimal results after conventional treatment. The goals of this review are to identify problem areas and to indicate directions for future investigation and improvement. PMID- 7015029 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 6. Comparing two samples (the two-sample t test). PMID- 7015028 TI - Physical injury to peripheral nerves. Physiologic and electrodiagnostic aspects. PMID- 7015023 TI - Perspectives on fetal lung development. PMID- 7015030 TI - Difficult reconstructive problems in lower leg injuries. PMID- 7015032 TI - Cellular and nutritional interactions in healing wounds. AB - Whatever the signals which trigger the repair process, it is clear that the rate of healing is dependent on the local delivery of oxygen and other nutrients. New tissue growth is centered around a blood vessel, which is sprouting new capillaries to supply the advancing cells. The endothelial buds grow towards areas of low oxygen tension, but they will not do so unless they have been preceded by macrophage invasion. Macrophages probably act as director cells to provide a chemotactic signal for endothelium to follow and to release stimulatory substances for fibroblast formation and activation. The synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts seems to be crucially dependent on the availability of molecular oxygen. The main function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the wound is to resist infection. An important mechanism by which white cells selectively kill bacteria uses oxygen. Thus, any treatment that augments the local oxygen supply or helps to avoid hypoperfusion of the wound will tend to increase the rate of healing and decrease the susceptibility to infection. PMID- 7015033 TI - The historical development of the concepts of diagnosis and prognosis and their relationship to probabilistic inference. AB - The concepts of diagnosis and prognosis are central to the intellectual basis of modern medical practice. These concepts are rooted in philosophical ideas which were introduced by the ancient Greeks. They were also influenced by the growth of scientific understanding following the Renaissance; and the more recent discipline or probability theory. The relative importance of these histological developments are discussed and suggestions are made about the possible nature of future developments. PMID- 7015031 TI - Present and future research on collagen and genes for collagen. PMID- 7015034 TI - [Helping physicians arrive at medical diagnoses: how and why (author's transl)]. AB - In the majority of the medical disciplines the diagnosis still constitutes the corner-stone of medicine. Every year this function becomes increasingly difficult and time-consuming and it is felt that the doctor should be able to benefit easily and rapidly from the most recent findings. A simple analysis of the natural process of decision-making, followed by a critical inventory of the various methods used to diagnose, has led us to develop our method for computer assisted diagnosis (ADM). In our presentation of the methodology of diagnostic decision-making we examine the natural process, the analytical and synthetic methods as well as the difficulties and errors liable to occur. Four methods used in arriving at a diagnosis are analysed and criticized: those based on probability, those based on pattern recognition, those based on logic, and those based on classification methods. Finally a case is made for a computer-assisted diagnostic system based on a logical method of the documentation type. PMID- 7015035 TI - [Computer-assisted diagnostic system: methods used (author's transl)]. AB - Having chosen a computer-assisted diagnostic system (ADM) based on a logic method of the documentation type, a real example of a questionnaire is presented. The procedures actually utilized as well as those now being studied are presented and discussed in the light of the difficulties encountered. After giving various detailed examples, the fundamental procedures in developing the computer-assisted diagnostic system are described. These have been developed keeping in mind that the system must preserve utility, feasibility, transparency, simplicity, liberty of choice and scope but must also handle all difficulties and causes of error that are inherent in the process of arriving at a medical diagnosis. PMID- 7015036 TI - Screening of angiotensin II dependent hypertensive patients using a linear classifier. AB - The screening of renovascular hypertensive patients can be performed on the basis of the blood-pressure response of the patients to saralasin (Sarenin) infusion. A new approach is proposed here for the screening. The blood-pressure responses to the saralasin are modelled first, using autoregressive time series models. The constant parameters of the models are then used as the features for classifying the hypertensive patients. A linear classifier is constructed to perform the dichotomy between the angiotensin II dependent hypertensive and the rest of the hypertensive patients. Computational results on the testing of the method are presented. Although the sample size available for this study was small, the results are encouraging. PMID- 7015037 TI - [By-Products of the computer-assisted diagnostic system (ADM) (author's transl)]. AB - The data-bank of signs and symptoms and classes of diseases developed for the computer-assisted medical diagnostic system (ADM) allows us to develop a series of interesting by-products. Some by-products are utilitarian: the inverted file and lexicon subset of signs, symptoms and diseases organized by medical discipline. Other by-products in the area of operational research serve to increase the quality and productivity of medical practice. Among the most interesting we note one by-product that helps teach physical diagnosis, one for therapeutics, one for the partial automation of observations, and one for assistance in decision-making in various specialized medical functions. The number and importance of these by-products demonstrates the powerful potential of the computer-assisted diagnostic system (ADM). PMID- 7015038 TI - [Use of a computer in a system to help teach medical diagnosis [AEDM] (author's transl)]. AB - Computer-assisted instruction permits a student to work individually and at his own pace. His learning occurs by interactive dialogue with a conversational type terminal. The system comprises the following programs: tutorial, conversational and simulation. The study describes the objectives and the characteristics of a system based on a simulation program using the file of the data-base from the Rennes Hospital. Furthermore it describes in detail the steps that the student must take and discusses the programming of the system. The recording of the various lessons is subjected to statistical analyses to make the teaching exercises better and to adapt the conversation to the behaviour of the students facing the system. PMID- 7015039 TI - [Creation, development and maintenance of the data-base of a computer-assisted diagnostic system (ADM) (author's transl)]. AB - The creation of the data-base for our ADM system begun in 1972, tests on a high productivity type of procedure which we consider should be explained. In organizing and creating our data-bank our routine procedures are: first, the capture of signs, symptoms and pathological data after the text editing of the description of diseases as prepared by medical students under the direction of the Medical Computing Service; second, the control and coding of the data by the personnel of the Medical Computing Service: third, the machine storage of the data and the automated logical controls by the Medical Computing Service; and fourth, the semantic control of the data as well as the availability of each new version. Other related procedures based on the individual theses and various studies are described as examples. From 1972 to 1980 an impressive data-bank was created holding descriptions of 2200 diseases with 22000 signs and symptoms and 3500 bibliographies. It is now foreseen that between 1980 and 1983, the prototype will be placed in service and adapted. The creation and maintenance of such a data-bank with all the problems that it entails, and developed under such economical conditions justifies our presentation. PMID- 7015042 TI - [About history of plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015043 TI - Myocutaneous flaps: strategy for utilization. AB - The contemporary Head and Neck surgeon has a choice of tissue available for defect closure. Depending on the situation, either traditional or newer means of reconstruction may best fit the patients' needs. More recently described procedures include free flaps (anastomosis by microvascular surgery to a nearby vascular supply) and myocutaneous flaps, a new concept in pedicle transfer. Both of these latter techniques improve and partially supplant, but do not entirely replace other older methods of repair. PMID- 7015040 TI - Development of radioimmunoassays for drugs. PMID- 7015041 TI - [Peritonitis following kidney transplantation]. AB - Twenty of 322 renal allograft recipients developed intraperitoneal infections. The mortality was 70% and responsible for 20% of all transplant deaths. Wound infections were the source of the peritonitis in over 50% of the patients, 40% were on high-dose immunosuppression. In contradistinction to the patients who died, the clinical picture of the survivors was characterized by: (1) localized peritonitis, (2) no high-dose immunosuppression, (3) absence of uncommon pathogens like C. albicans and S. marcescens, (4) radical peritoneal debridement with irrigation of the abdominal cavity at the time of surgery. PMID- 7015044 TI - [Diagnosis of iron overload and hemochromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - During the last years major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis of iron overload and idiopathic hemo-chromatosis (IHC). The mode of inheritance of this disease in known today and early diagnosis can be made by use of new genetic markers; thus, early treatment may prevent irreversible late complications. The diagnostic procedure is discussed, based on 74 own cases with IHC. Diagnosis has to rely on clinical features and laboratory tests. Measurements of serum iron, transferrin saturation and of serum ferritin are most important non invasive diagnostic tests. Our findings confirm that ferritin measurements may be normal in some precirrhotic patients. Measurement of serum iron seems to discriminate most accurately between heterozygous and homozygous relatives. The pathogenesis of IHC still remains unclear in spite of many recent efforts to clarify it. Early diagnosis and phlebotomy have dramatically improved the prognosis of IHC. PMID- 7015045 TI - [Drug dosing in chronic hepatic disease (author's transl)]. AB - Disposition of drugs, which are primarily metabolized by the liver, will be influenced in chronic liver disease by the following factors: intrinsic clearance, liver blood flow, and shunt volume. This group of drugs may be divided in two subgroups: (a) drugs with a high clearance, a high extraction rate and a short biological half-time, and (b) drug with a low clearance, a low extraction rate, and a long biological half-time. A high extraction rate means a low systemic bioavailability, since a rather big proportion of the drug will be eliminated after oral intake already during the first pass through the liver (= first past effect). In liver cirrhosis bioavailability may be increased manifold because of the portosystemic shunting. Thus there is the danger of overdosage in group (a) drugs because of two mechanisms: reduced elimination and increased bioavailability. PMID- 7015046 TI - Mechanisms of protein turnover in cultured cells. PMID- 7015047 TI - A non-peptide morphine-like compound from brain. PMID- 7015048 TI - [Interpretation of the results of radionuclide function studies of organs and systems]. PMID- 7015049 TI - [Intravascular blood coagulation after irradiation]. PMID- 7015050 TI - Mineral content of reagents used in subtilisin assays. PMID- 7015052 TI - A conversation with George Thorn. Interview by Dr. W. Proctor Harvey. PMID- 7015051 TI - Nicolo Paganini--musical magician and Marfan mutant? PMID- 7015053 TI - [The Naval Health Service]. PMID- 7015054 TI - [Founding of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of the Armed Forces Health Service]. PMID- 7015058 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum in artificial respiration with positive end- expiratory pressure]. PMID- 7015057 TI - [Laveran Military Hospital of Constantine]. PMID- 7015055 TI - [The Pharo. School. Tradition-permanence-future]. PMID- 7015060 TI - [The typical Achilles tendon rupture and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7015056 TI - [The journal "Medecine Tropicale" - retrospective view]. PMID- 7015061 TI - [Etiology and surgical treatment of aortic insufficiency caused by an aneurysm]. PMID- 7015059 TI - [Occult and extratesticular seminomas. Report on the 14-year course of an extratesticular seminoma]. PMID- 7015062 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome. Current state of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7015063 TI - [In memoriam Rudolf Nissen]. PMID- 7015064 TI - [Analgesic and antiphlogistic effect of a benzydamine gargle solution in a double blind experiment]. PMID- 7015065 TI - [Andre Levret on the 200th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7015066 TI - [Piedra de mijada, jade. A medico-historical look at lithotherapy]. PMID- 7015067 TI - [Peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic (PAP) in renal biopsy: a comparative study]. PMID- 7015068 TI - [Reproducibility of of indirect immunofluorescence reaction in the study of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, using 4 different strains of the parasite as antigen]. PMID- 7015069 TI - Ability of exercise to inhibit carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rats. AB - The ability of spontaneous running to prevent carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia was studied in young, nonobese rats. Exercise-trained and sedentary rats were fed a diet consisting of (as percent total calories) 12% fat, 22% protein, and 66% carbohydrate. The source of the carbohydrate was varied, and experiments were carried out with sucrose and glucose as the sole dietary carbohydrate. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels rose in response to both forms of dietary carbohydrate in both sedentary and exercise-trained rats, but the magnitude of the elevation was greatly attenuated in the exercise-trained group. Plasma insulin concentrations were also significantly lower in exercise-trained rats. Measurements of hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion rate and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were made in an effort to determine how exercise-training prevented the development of carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia. The results of these studies indicated that perfused livers of exercise-trained rats secreted significantly less VLDL-TG, whereas adipose tissue LPL activity of the two groups was similar. On the basis of these results, it is postulated that the ability of exercise-training to inhibit carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia is due to an increase in insulin sensitivity resulting from chronic exercise. As a result, the postprandial insulin responses to high carbohydrate diets would be relatively reduced in exercise-trained rats, leading to decreased hepatic VLD-TG secretion, and lower plasma triglyceride concentrations. PMID- 7015070 TI - The insulin receptor in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an in vivo and in vitro study. PMID- 7015071 TI - Stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Timing of early metabolic, ionic, and secretory events. AB - The timing of the early metabolic, ionic, and secretory responses to glucose in rat pancreatic islets was monitored by measuring, at 12 sec intervals, the concentrations of glucose, lactic, and pyruvic acids, 32P, 86Rb, 45ca, and insulin in the effluent of perifused prelabeled islets. The increase in glucose concentration from zero to 16.7 mM was complete within 133 sec. The output of organic acids increased after 24 sec of exposure to glucose and, in the case of lactic acid, fell slightly after the initial elevation. The phosphate flush was initiated only after 96 sec of exposure to glucose, whereas the decreases in 86Rb and 45Ca outflow were both detectable within 72 sec of stimulation. The secondary rise in 45Ca efflux was first seen after 157 sec of stimulation and its time course was not vastly different from that of insulin release. These data indicate that, in the secretory sequence, metabolic changes precede both the remodelling of ionic fluxes and the stimulation of insulin release. The results are compatible with the view that the secondary rise in 45Ca outflow is attributable, in part at least, to the glucose-induced decrease in K conductance (but not to the increase in phosphate outflow), with resulting membrane depolarization and gating of voltage-dependent Ca channels. PMID- 7015072 TI - Dietary control of pathogenesis in C57BL/KsJ db/db diabetes mice. AB - Weanling C57BL/KsJ homozygous diabetic (db/db) and normal littermate (+/+ or +/db) mice were maintained for 5 mon on isocaloric diets containing either 60% sucrose, 23% casein, 8% corn oil (diet C) or 0% sucrose, 83% casein, 8% corn oil (diet B). Diabetic homozygotes consumed more diet C than normals, but ate control amounts of diet B. Diabetic mice fed diet C exhibited 57% mortality between 4 or 5 mo of age. All diabetic mutants fed the carbohydrate-free diet B appeared healthy at 6 mo of age; mutant females were normoglycemic and mutant males were only moderately hyperglycemic. Histological examination of pancreatic islets confirmed the absence of islet degeneration. In diet B maintained mutants, increased carcass fat composition, plasma and pancreatic content of insulin and glucagon, and thymidine incorporation into islets, all established that the db gene was being fully expressed. These results indicate that dietary protein stimulates islet growth and function in db/db mice, while high levels of refined carbohydrate in the diet predispose islet beta cells to undefined changes that culminate in necrosis. Restricting mutants' intake of a carbohydrate-containing diet to one-half the caloric intake of normal mice failed to block onset of beta cell necrosis. Thus, dietary composition rather than total caloric intake appears to be critical in the induction of islet necrosis and atrophy in this animal model of genetically transmitted diabetes. PMID- 7015073 TI - Normal valine disposal in obese subjects with impaired glucose disposal: evidence for selective insulin resistance. AB - Insulin has major effects on both glucose and branched chain amino acid metabolism. To determine whether the insulin resistance of obesity equally affects both glucose and branched chain amino acid metabolism, we measured the ability of obese and normal subjects to dispose of intravenous bolus dose of glucose (25 g) or L-valine (4 g). Basal plasma glucose levels were the same in the 18 normal and 17 obese (163 plus or minus 8% of ideal body weight) subjects, but basal plasma insulin levels were higher in the obese group (15 plus or minus 2 vs 6 plus or minus 1 microU/ml; p less than 0.001). The obese group had a slower glucose disappearance rate after glucose challenge (0.84 plus or minus 0.06 vs. 1.11 plus or minus 0.07 hr(-1); p less than 0.01) despite having a greater serum insulin response to the glucose load (26 plus or minus 4 vs 11 plus or minus 1 insulin area units; p less than 0.01), confirming insulin resistance. In contrast, disposal of a valine load was the same in normal and obese subjects, as assessed by initial and second phase exponential disappearance rates, metabolic clearance rates of valine, and volumes of distribution. In normal men, disposal rates of glucose and valine after simultaneous administration of both substances were slower than corresponding disposal rates determined when each substance was given alone. We conclude that obese subjects with impaired glucose disposal have normal valine disposal, suggesting that the insulin resistance of obesity can be selective in its effect on different metabolic systems. Glucose and valine also appear to mutually antagonize each other's disposal. PMID- 7015076 TI - Michigan's depressed economy hurting medical practice in several ways. PMID- 7015074 TI - Historical perspective: Tilt, E.J. and the change of life (1857)--the only work on the subject in the english language. AB - Tilt was the author of the only English book on the female climacteric published in the 19th century. This short historic sketch is primarily concerned with the evaluation of his work. It only hints at the differences between conditions on the opposite sides of the English Channel which encouraged the expression of climacteric disturbances to the south of it but not to the north. Though Tilt acted as an agent of diffusion for the medical concepts developed in France he had hardly any listeners. During the last quarter of the century, however, conditions changed greatly increasing stress among women. The work of Tilt then supplied a ready mould into which the many nebulous complaints presented by women could be fitted. Menopause became anglicized to menopause: but though Tilt was "vindicated" he was also forgotten. His style was dated and his treatment out of date. His strong advocacy of sedation is still followed but his pioneering of statistical investigation of the climacteric is largely forgotten. Endocrinal research has made us neglect all that happened before it; examination of the past, its achievements and mistakes, may yet, however, teach us a great deal. PMID- 7015075 TI - A method for electron microscopic preparation of cultured cells (monolayer) in a new test chamber (TCSC-1). AB - A time-saving method is described for the preparation of cultivated cells (monolayer) for electron microscopy using a new test chamber system (TCSC-1). The versatile chamber is fitted with a screw-in PTFE-adapter which connects via a silicone ring gasket to the surface on which the cells grown. All procedures (fixation, staining, embedding) are performed directly in the chamber. The cells, in this particular communication epithelial liver cells, are grown as a monolayer on polyester foils. After embedding of the cells, the foil can be easily taken off. Removal of the foil does not in any way effect the quality of the first slice for electron microscopic examination. The resin block can also be easily pressed out from the PTFE-adapter. PMID- 7015077 TI - Rep. Ballentine: 'Government failed by giving everybody everything'. PMID- 7015078 TI - On the immunogenicity of ribosomes and ribosomal proteins isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The two pathogenic species Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used to analyze the immunogenic role of proteins in ribosomal preparations. The protective activity of ribosomes prepared from either strain and further purified by washing with high-salt concentrations, followed or not by sucrose gradient separation of the particles, was identical to that of crude unwashed ribosomes. Similarly, no substantial alteration of the level of protection was observed after treatment with the antibiotic puromycin. Therefore, the immunizing efficacy of ribosomes does not appear to be due either to the nonribosomal proteins adsorbed at the surface of organelles or to the growing polypeptide chain. It seems rather to be attributable to the structural ribosomal proteins themselves, which were indeed shown to induce alone a significant level of protection. PMID- 7015079 TI - Strain differences in production of direct plaque-forming cells in response to DNP-Ficoll, a thymus-independent antigen, in mice. PMID- 7015080 TI - [Effect of the products of the viral activities of Shigellae on the physicochemical properties of blood plasma proteins in experimental animals]. PMID- 7015081 TI - [Polybiotrophy in bacteria]. PMID- 7015082 TI - Life-and-death decisions: electrodiagnosis and premature burial. PMID- 7015083 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect measuring arterial blood pressure. AB - Blood pressure measurements can be obtained in the clinical setting by a variety of methods, direct and indirect, but with varying results. Disparities between direct and indirect blood pressure measurements are due in part to physiological considerations, but are largely conditioned by the frequency of the recording system. In this, the first of three parts, the authors conclude that comparative studies of direct and indirect blood pressure fall into two groups, those resulting in close agreement between methods, and those that do not. Subsequent issues will include recommendations for further study (part II, March-April 1981), and will examine their own study of a group of patients undergoing surgery (part III, May-June 1981). PMID- 7015084 TI - Hales's hydraulics: measuring blood pressure, 1706. PMID- 7015086 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplant in the treatment of malignant disease. PMID- 7015085 TI - Electrotherapy, 19th-century neurasthenia, and the case of Alice James. PMID- 7015088 TI - Piretanide: effective diuretic in renal failure. PMID- 7015087 TI - Contraception and the "high-risk" woman. PMID- 7015089 TI - Ethics of human experimentation. PMID- 7015090 TI - Control of drug usage. PMID- 7015091 TI - Lumbar myelography today. Experience with metrizamide, a water-soluble, non-ionic contrast medium. AB - A clinical assessment of metrizamide (Amipaque) lumbar myelography in 150 patients is reported, and the adverse reactions encountered are presented and discussed. Minor adverse reactions--headache (48%), nausea (10%) and vomiting (7%)--were common, and the incidence reflected overseas experience. Severe headache occurred in a significant proportion of patients (20%), despite adequate hydration and the use of a small-gauge needle. There were no major adverse reactions such as epilepsy or severe muscle spasm. The study suggests that metrizamide is well tolerated, gives good anatomical demonstration and should replace iophendylate (Myodil) in this region. Recent reports of occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications indicate that further cautious assessment is required. PMID- 7015092 TI - Captopril induced nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7015094 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in terminal renal-insufficiency diabetics]. PMID- 7015095 TI - Drugs for hypertension. PMID- 7015096 TI - Bacampicillin hydrochloride (Spectrobid). PMID- 7015093 TI - [Prevention of stress ulcers with synthetic depot secretin]. AB - The pathogenesis of stress ulcers is still far from being understood. It is reported about a synthetic secretin (Hoe 069 + depot component) given prophylactically to 100 patients postoperatively. It eliminated or ameliorated stress ulcers. The result, confirmed by gastroscopy, demonstrates the treatment with secretin plus depot component as a highly recommendable prophylaxis in the postsurgical intensive care treatment. PMID- 7015097 TI - Calcium polycarbophil (Mitrolan). PMID- 7015098 TI - [Synthesis and study of the acute toxicity and antiparasitic activity on 6-nitro (amino)-4-dialkylaminoalkylaminoquinolines]. PMID- 7015099 TI - [Parasite-host relationship specificity in rat trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 7015100 TI - [Theoretical basis for the elaboration of biochemical diagnostic methods in helminthiases]. PMID- 7015101 TI - [Evaluation of HGH secretion. Comparison of the Bovril and ITT tests]. PMID- 7015102 TI - William Harvey revisited 1578-1978. PMID- 7015103 TI - Summary report on Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal screening in two Minneapolis elementary schools. PMID- 7015105 TI - Optical spectroscopy of monolayers, multilayer assemblies, and single model membranes. PMID- 7015106 TI - Fluorescence spectroscopy of biological membranes. PMID- 7015104 TI - Cardiac transplantation: expectations and limitations. PMID- 7015107 TI - Infrared membrane spectroscopy. PMID- 7015108 TI - Chemical relaxation spectrometry. PMID- 7015109 TI - Raman spectroscopy of membrane constituents and related molecules. PMID- 7015110 TI - Low-angle x-ray diffraction. PMID- 7015113 TI - [Role of arginine residues in phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase interaction with substrates]. AB - The effect of 2,4-pentandione on the activity of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (Phe-RSase) from E. coli MRE-600 was investigated. Modification of arginine residues of Phe-RSase with 2,4-pentandione was shown to decrease the rate of both ATP-[32P]pyrophosphate exchange and aminoacylation reaction. In the presence of Mg2+ ions ATP essentially protects the enzyme from inactivation. L-Phe has practically no protective effect. There are no changes in the values of Km for tRNAPhe in the aminoacylation reaction and for amino acid in ATP [32P]pyrophosphate exchange and aminoacylation reaction while Km for ATP is increased in both. Modification of 42-44 arginine residues per molecule of the enzyme causes loss of 50% of the enzyme activity for tRNA aminoacylation. Under these conditions ATP in the presence of Mg2+ ions as well as ATP + Mg2+ combined with L-Phe, protects 8-10 arginine residues per molecule of the enzyme from modification. Part of arginine residues of the enzyme molecule is assumed to be essential for ATP binding. PMID- 7015111 TI - Some aspects of the modulation and regulation of collagen synthesis in vitro. AB - We reviewed here a number of publications containing data on the quantitative aspects of collagen synthesis in vitro. In one section we discussed the factors which modulate the amount of collagen synthesized in various culture systems and in another section we presented experimental evidence for regulatory mechanisms operating in collagen synthesis on the transcriptional and/or translational levels. We believe that growing knowledge of the mechanisms controlling collagen synthesis will help us to understand and deal with fibrotic processes better. PMID- 7015115 TI - [Empirical correlations between amino acid sequence and three dimensional structure of proteins]. AB - Theoretical approaches to structural investigations of proteins, involving empirical correlations between nature, sequence and conformational states of amino acid residues are discussed. Principal limitations of current statistical methods, resulting in unsatisfactory structural predictions attained so far are described. PMID- 7015114 TI - [Strand separation and its effect on melting of shear-degraded DNA]. AB - The degree of strand separation (mu) of shear-degraded phage T2 DNA on melting was investigated. The average size of fragments (n) varied in the range from 1000 to 300 base pairs. The obtained relationship between mu and 1/n was compared with the relationship between melting temperature depression (delta Tm) and 1/n. Both relationships are nonlinear. The correlation between the relationship delta Tm(1/n) and mu0,5(1/n) enables to believe that nonlinearity of the relationship delta Tm(1/n) is governed by the process of strand separation of DNA fragments on melting. PMID- 7015116 TI - The amphibian embryo in transplantation immunology. PMID- 7015112 TI - Pyruvate kinase: activation by and catalytic role of the monovalent and divalent cations. AB - This mini review is primarily concerned with the monovalent and divalent cation activation of pyruvate kinase. All preparations of pyruvate kinase from vertebrate tissue which have been examined require monovalent cations such as K+ for catalysis. However, several microbial preparations are not activated by monovalent cations. In fact, E. coli synthesize, depending on growth conditions, 2 different forms of the enzyme; one form is not activated while the other is activated by monovalent cations. The monovalent cation was shown by NMR techniques to bind within 4-8 A of the divalent cation activator and apparently plays a direct role in the catalytic process. As with all kinases, pyruvate kinase requires a divalent cation for catalysis. Mg+2 is optimal for the physiological reaction, however, Co+2, Mn+2, and Ni+2 also activate. The divalent cation activation of several non-physiological reactions catalyzed by pyruvate kinase are reviewed. Several lines of evidence suggest that 2 moles of the divalent cation are required in the catalytic event. However, the specific role of both atoms in the catalytic event have not been thoroughly elucidated. PMID- 7015119 TI - Carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of cadmium. PMID- 7015118 TI - Genetic toxicity of some important epoxides. PMID- 7015117 TI - Fluorescent organophosphates: novel probes for studying aging-induced conformational changes in inhibited acetylcholinesterase and for localization of cholinesterase in nervous tissue. AB - Aging of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by certain organophosphates such as diisopropylfluorophosphate apparently involves dealkylation of the bound organophosphoryl moiety; this renders the inactive enzyme resistant to reactivation by quaternary oximes such as 2-pyridinealdoxime methiodide (2-PAM) which are used in therapy of organophosphate intoxication. The fluorescent pyrenyl organophosphates synthesized in this study were designed to detect putative conformational changes which might explain this resistance. The following inhibitors: 1-pyrenebutyl phosphorodichloride (PBPDC), 1-pyrenebutyl ethylphosphorochloridate (PBEPC), and 1-pyrenebutyl ethylphosphorofluoridate (PBEPF), react specifically with purified electric eel AChE (ki = 10(6)-10(7) M-1 min-1). AChE inhibited by PBEPC and PBEPF was readily reactivated by 2-PAM, while enzyme inhibited PBPDC could not be reactivated. Conjugates were prepared of both PBEPC and PBPDC with AChE, each containing one molecule of florophore per catalytic subunit. Thus two stoichiometric conjugates, PBEP-AChE (non-aged) and POBP-AChE (aged), were obtained. The two complexes exhibited identical absorption spectra, but differed in their steady-state fluorescence spectra. Although the wave-lenths of the excitation and emission spectra were similar, the pyrene fluorescence of the non-aged conjugate was ca. 50% quenched relative to the aged conjugate. Nanosecond fluorescence decay studies revealed two principal lifetime components of pyrene fluorescence. Both were longer for the aged (PBP-AChE) than for the non-aged (PBEP-AChE) conjugate and revealed a ca. 50% lower quantum yield for the non-aged as compared to the aged conjugate. A possible interpretation for these results is that in the aged conjugate the organophosphoryl moiety is less acessible to the external medium. Measurement of quenching of pyrene fluorescence in the aged and non-aged conjugates by the peripheral anionic site ligand propidium also indicated marked conformational differences between the two conjugates, and circular polarization of luminescence measurements revealed that propidium itself induced a substantial conformational change in both conjugates. Fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that whereas propidium had little effect on the decay parameters for the non-aged conjugate it caused a decrease in lifetime and in relative quantum yield for the aged conjugate. PBEPF virtually eliminated cholinesterase activity in dissociated cord and brain cultures. Fluorescence microscopy reveals fine green fluorescent grains distinctly located throughout many neurons and glia. Labelling is much more pronounced in larger and older neurons. No specific fluorescence could be detected in cultures preincubated with nonfluorescent organophosphates. PMID- 7015121 TI - A rapid screening method for the detection of pathogenic fungi on the skin. PMID- 7015120 TI - Multiple genotypes, multiple phenotypes, and partial defects. AB - In recent years, the following ideas have been expressed: (a) that all cases of a discrete, inherited neuromuscular syndrome should prove to be due to a single biochemical defect, (b) that any single biochemical defect should give rise only to one syndrome, and (c) that an enzymatic defect cannot give rise to a disease unless there is virtual absence of activity, that is, less than 5% or 10% of the normal value. We review evidence from research in neuromuscular, neurological, and other genetic diseases of humans that suggest the contrary. There are now examples of single clinical syndromes related to each of several defects, of defects of one biochemical reaction related to two or more distinct clinical syndromes, and of partial defects associated with disease in a way that suggests a causal relationship. PMID- 7015123 TI - Suprabasal bulla in mycetoma. PMID- 7015122 TI - [Thermoresistance of pathogenic dermatophytes and Candida albicans under sauna like conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015124 TI - Evaluation of direct microscopic examination versus culture in the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections. PMID- 7015125 TI - The possible role of fungal sensitization in the pathogenesis of generalized essential pruritus. PMID- 7015128 TI - PEEP and left ventricular performance. PMID- 7015127 TI - [The antimycotic effect of a nystatin-containing suspension under influence of gastric juice of different pH-values and with varying duration of action (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015126 TI - [Interactions between imidazol derivatives and polyene antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015129 TI - No effect of bromocriptine in acromegaly: a controlled trial. AB - Although bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, is now widely used in the treatment of acromegaly, there have been no controlled trials of its biochemical or clinical effects on this disorder. We assessed its effects in a double-blind, crossover study. Eighteen patients with acromegaly were given bromocriptine and placebo alternately for three months per medication. Their responses to oral glucose-tolerance tests during the two regimens did not differ significantly. The number of patients noting amelioration of clinical symptoms during treatment with bromocriptine was almost identical to the number with clinical improvement during placebo. We conclude that it remains doubtful whether bromocriptine has a beneficial effect in acromegaly. PMID- 7015130 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 24-1981. PMID- 7015131 TI - Analgesic and mood effects of heroin and morphine in cancer patients with postoperative pain. AB - We designed a study to determine the relative analgesic potency of intramuscular heroin and morphine and to compare mood and side effects in 166 cancer patients with postoperative pain. Heroin was about twice as potent as morphine (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.6 to 2.6 times) in graded-dose, twin-crossover assays. Heroin provided an analgesic peak effect earlier than morphine (1.2 plus or minus 0.08 and 1.5 plus or minus 0.10 hours, respectively [mean plus or minus S.E.M.]). Doses with equal analgesic effects provided comparable improvements in various elements of mood, particularly feelings of peacefulness. Peak mood improvement occurred earlier after heroin than after morphine (1.2 plus or minus 0.10 and 1.8 plus or minus 0.13 hours, respectively). Both analgesia and mood improvement were less sustained after heroin at doses providing equal peak analgesic effects. The drugs shared the most common side effects, with no marked differences in their occurrence; sleepiness was the most frequent side effect after both drugs (46 per cent with each). Heroin has no apparent unique advantages or disadvantages for the relief pain in patients with cancer. PMID- 7015132 TI - Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology (first two parts). PMID- 7015133 TI - Antileukemic effect of chronic graft-versus-host disease: contribution to improved survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation. PMID- 7015134 TI - Superoxide dismutase in human islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7015135 TI - Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology (second of two parts). PMID- 7015136 TI - DRG creep: a new hospital-acquired disease. PMID- 7015137 TI - Effects of captopril in Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7015138 TI - The Penikese Hospital: a Massachusetts hospital for the treatment of Hansen's disease. PMID- 7015140 TI - Drug therapy. Metoclopramide. PMID- 7015142 TI - Citations from the recent literature. PMID- 7015139 TI - Treatment of primary breast cancer with chemotherapy and tamoxifen. AB - We studied the possibility that the addition of tamoxifen to L-phenylalanine mustard combined with 5-fluorouracil enhances the benefit from the latter two drugs that has been observed in women with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. Recurrence of disease was reduced at two years in patients given the three-drug regimen whose tumor estrogen-receptor levels were greater than or equal to 10 fmol. Among patients greater than or equal to 50 years old treatment failure was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001): by 51 per cent in those with one to three positive nodes and by 64 per cent in those with four or more. Higher receptor levels were associated with a greater probability of disease-free survival. Patients less than or equal to 49 years old were less responsive: those with one to three positive nodes received no benefit from tamoxifen at any receptor level, whereas those with four or more appeared to have reduced treatment failure associated with higher receptor levels. This adjuvant chemotherapy is not indicated in patients less than or equal to 49 years old whose tumor receptor levels are below 10 fmol; there is a suggestion of benefit in patients greater than or equal to 50 years old whose levels are low. PMID- 7015141 TI - Comparing radical mastectomy with quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy in patients with small cancers of the breast. AB - From 1973 to 1980, we carried out a controlled study at the National Cancer Institute in Milan to consider the value of a conservative procedure in patients with breast cancer of small size. We randomized 701 patients with breast cancer measuring less than 2 cm in diameter and with no palpable axillary lymph nodes to Halsted radical mastectomy or to "quadrantectomy" with axillary dissection and radiotherapy to the ipsilateral residual breast tissue. We treated 349 patients with Halsted mastectomy and 352 with quadrantectomy. The two groups were comparable in age distribution, size and site of primary tumor, menopausal status, and frequency of axillary metastases. There were three local recurrences in the Halsted group and one in the quadrantectomy group. Actuarial curves showed no difference between the two groups in disease-free or overall survival. From these results, mastectomy appears to involve unnecessary mutilation in patients with breast cancer of less than 2 cm and no palpable axillary nodes. PMID- 7015143 TI - Expression in E. coli of maize and wheat chloroplast genes for large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - Synthesis of the large subunit polypeptide of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase can be detected in Escherichia coli cells containing the chloroplast genes from maize and wheat. The chloroplast DNA sequences contain a 'promoter' that, in Escherichia coli, initiates transcription and translation of the genes. This synthesis of large subunits has been substantially increased using the powerful lambda promoter, PL, to drive transcription of the maize gene. PMID- 7015145 TI - Immunochemical evidence for hybrid sialoglycoproteins of human erythrocytes. AB - The two major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane (alpha and delta, glycophorins A and B) have identical amino acid sequences for the first 26 residues from the amino terminus, except that alpha expresses M or N blood group antigen activity whereas deta carries only blood group N activity. In addition, the asparagine at position 26 on alpha carries an oligosaccharide chain which is absent from the same position on delta. The two sialoglycoproteins differ in their remaining amino acid sequence and delta expresses blood group Ss activity. There are also variant sialoglycoproteins which have properties of both the alpha and delta molecules and may be hybrids of these. Using antibodies directed against different structural regions of the major sialoglycoprotein alpha, we confirm here and two variant erythrocytes (Miltenberger class V (MiV) and Ph) contain hybrid sialoglycoprotein molecules (Fig. 1). These hybrid sialoglycoproteins arise from cross-over events between the genes coding for alpha and delta. It is suggested that the two genes are closely associated in the order alpha, delta (5' leads to 3') on the chromosome. PMID- 7015144 TI - Genetic analysis of K88-mediated adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Four cistrons (adh) involved in the expression of the K88 adhesion system have been identified and mapped. Three of these (adh A, adh B and adh C) are located in a single operon (I) whereas the fourth (adh D) is expressed from a separate promoter (operon II). The polypeptides encoded by these cistrons have been identified and their role in the formation and regulation of K88 fimbriae (pili) is discussed. PMID- 7015146 TI - Nucleotide sequence of Xenopus laevis 18S ribosomal RNA inferred from gene sequence. AB - 18S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus laevis is 1,825 nucleotides long, as inferred from sequence analysis of an 18S gene. All the 40 rRNA methyl groups can be located in the sequence. Comparison with the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 18S sequence reveals extensive regions of high homology interspersed with tracts having little or no homology. Regions of high homology contain almost all the RNa methyl groups. Major regions of low homology area considerably richer in C + G in Xenopus than in yeast. PMID- 7015147 TI - Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. PMID- 7015148 TI - Heavy meromyosin cross-links thin filaments in striated muscle myofibrils. PMID- 7015150 TI - Active immunization and passive transfer of resistance against sporozoite-induced malaria in infant mice. PMID- 7015149 TI - Maintenance of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin system in normal man. PMID- 7015151 TI - The traditional and a new version of the mouse H-2 complex. AB - The H-2 complex has traditionally been interpreted as a maze of regions, subregions and loci coding for different traits. The two main theses presented here are, first, that a single H-2 locus is pleiomorphic in that it controls several functions such as allograft rejection, cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, mixed lymphocyte reaction, immune response, immune suppression and restriction of T-cell specificity; and second, that the physiological function of the H-2 complex is to guide T lymphocytes in their function of distinguishing self from non-self, and that all other H-2-controlled traits are artificial derivatives of this basic function. These two theses lead to a new, simplified interpretation of the H-2 complex. PMID- 7015152 TI - Monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics produced by bacteria. PMID- 7015153 TI - Production of both macrophage activating and inhibiting activities by a murine T lymphocyte hybridoma. PMID- 7015154 TI - Pteridine excretion from cells as indicator of cell proliferation. PMID- 7015155 TI - [Chromosome analysis in congenital anomalies]. PMID- 7015157 TI - Emphysematous cystitis. Introduction. PMID- 7015156 TI - [Wilhelm Fliess and the nasal reflex neurosis]. PMID- 7015159 TI - Application of the indirect tube LAI assay in the study of cell-mediated immunity in rats immunized with B77 tumor cells. AB - The indirect tube LAI (leukocyte adherence inhibition) test has revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats of the inbred Lewis strain immunized with liver B77 tumor cells incubated in the presence of a specific tumor extract, release a factor into the culture medium that inhibits adherence of normal syngeneic peritoneal cells. Supernatants in which lymphocytes of healthy - control animals had been incubated in the presence of the same extract (B77), or lymphocytes of immunized donors incubated in the presence of another type of tumor extract (MC-1) were devoid of such a property. This soluble factor was found in the supernatants only after 20 hours of incubation of sensibilized lymphocytes with a specific tumor extract. Th percentage of adhering cells decreased in dependence on the concentration of the soluble factor. The results are discussed in connection with questions relevant to the mechanism of LAI reactivity and the application of this phenomenon in studies on cell immunity. PMID- 7015158 TI - Fifty years of medicine: (Lloyd N. Kunkel). PMID- 7015160 TI - [Harvey Williams Cushing]. PMID- 7015161 TI - [The psychological outcome for children with kidney transplants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015162 TI - Classics in neurology. PMID- 7015163 TI - Paul Broca and the history of aphasia: Roland P. Mackay Award Essay, 1980. AB - Paul Broca is one of the founding fathers of aphasiology. Broca aphasia, now a well-defined clinical entity, has been a focus in the study of acquired language disorders for over a century. It was the first syndrome of aphasia to be correlated with a specific focal brain lesion. Broca contributed a fresh outlook and a reasonable methodology to the study of aphasia. A review of of Broca's accomplishments and his place in the history of aphasia is an appropriate way to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of his death. PMID- 7015164 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Hans-Henning Heunert]. PMID- 7015165 TI - [Scientific work of Dr. Hans-Henning Heunert]. PMID- 7015166 TI - [Natural history of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7015168 TI - [Surgical revascularization of the myocardium]. PMID- 7015167 TI - [Physical rehabilitation. A further therapeutic instrument in treatment of coronary disease]. PMID- 7015169 TI - [Attempted athero-regression]. PMID- 7015170 TI - [Antral stenosis caused by gastric hemangioma]. PMID- 7015171 TI - Artificial ventilation with PEEP; the influence on cardiac output in the simulated normo-, hypo- and hypervolemic state. AB - Observations of the influence of artificial ventilation with PEEP on cardiac output are unequivocal. Not only the measure of the end-expiratory pressure and lung compliance play a role, but also the circulating blood volume. In healthy laboratory animals a state of normo-, hypo- and hypervolemia was simulated by changes in position in neurolept-anesthesia. In all cases artificial ventilation with PEEP induced a decrease of cardiac output as a consequence of a decrease of stroke volume. These results are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that a change in stroke volume during artificial ventilation with PEEP is not only dependent on the level of end-expiratory pressure and pulmonary compliance but also on that portion of the Starling curve where the heart at that instant is functioning. PMID- 7015172 TI - Low dose subcutaneous heparin and wound hematoma formation in inguinal hernia operations--a double-blind randomized clinical trial. AB - Postoperative wound bleeding and wound hematoma formation were studied in a prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial in selected patients undergoing surgery for inguinal hernia. With careful surgical technique, prophylactic administration of low dose subcutaneous heparin did not result in a significant increase in wound hematoma formation or wound bleeding. The postoperative decrease in the hemoglobin concentration, resulting from operative and postoperative blood loss, was -0.59 mmol/l, +/- 0.54 SD, in the control group and -0.60 mmol/l, +/- 0.57 SD, in the heparin group. PMID- 7015173 TI - The site of injection for low dose heparin in inguinal herniorrhaphy; a double blind trial. AB - Low-dose heparin (LDH) injected subcutaneously in a contralateral abdominal skin fold seems to be responsible for the formation of wound hematomas in inguinal herniorrhaphy. There was a considerably lower percentage of wound hematomas when LDH was injected subcutaneously in the contralateral thigh instead of the contralateral abdominal skin-fold. The difference, however, was statistically not significant. PMID- 7015174 TI - 24-hour systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in large-bowel surgery. AB - In a prospective randomized double-blind trial the effect of a short prophylactic course of a systemically administered antibiotic combination was studied in a series of 53 consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Bowel preparation was performed conventionally with cathartics and saline enemas or with an elementary diet. Patients of both preparation groups were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. Treated patients received 3 doses of kanamycin 500 mg plus clindamycin 600 mg intramuscularly. Four patients were withdrawn from the study for various reasons, leaving 49 patients for analysis. Wound infections were regarded as slight (grade I) or clinically important (grade II). The frequency of all wound infections (grade I + grade II) was 8% in the treatment group (25 patients) versus 66.7% in the control group (24 patients). The frequency of the grade II wound infections alone was 4.0% versus 54.7%. The difference was significant in both cases (p less than 0.0005). PMID- 7015176 TI - [Imported cases of malaria in Italy 1974-1979]. AB - Malaria is not present in Italy in autochthonous form although cases contracted where the disease is endemic are appearing with ever greater frequency. 767 cases, all imported, were reported to the Ministry of Health between '74 and '79. The number of reports, which is increasing steadily and actually doubled from '76 to '77, is examined here in relation to the age of patients, their work and the aetiological agent. Stress is laid on the epidemiological importance of putting into effect all those measures aimed at preventing an ever greater number of patients from malarial zones reactivating an endemic type of infection transmission in Italy, where an anopheles vector is present. PMID- 7015175 TI - [The diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis in internal medicine]. AB - All those clinical, laboratory, radiological and radioisotopic elements of importance in the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis in internal medicine have been examined. Anamnestic indications of chronic pyelonephritis include previous infections episodes of the urinary ways, pain in the lumbar and suprapubic region and micturition disturbances. Less significant are objective findings such as pain at percussion of the lumber region, hypertension and possible signs of renal insufficiency. Important diagnostically among laboratory examinations are leucocyturia higher than 1,000.000 in 24 hours, a findings of leucocyte cylinders, bacteriuria higher than 100.000 per cc of urine and the observation of immunoantibodies covering bacteria isolated from the urine. X-ray and radioisotopic examinations are recognised as having considerable diagnostic usefulness. None of the clinical, laboratory, X-ray or radioisotopic findings is, however, strictly specific. Confirmation of a diagnostic suspicion is only possible when scrupulous accumulation of the most typical subjective and objective findings regarding the disease is accompanied by the positivity of diagnostic tests. The results of these tests must in all cases be assessed critically in the context of the clinical picture for, taken singly, they have no decisive value. PMID- 7015178 TI - [Clinical and functional effects of domiodol and sobrerol in hypersecretory bronchopneumonias]. AB - A double-blind study has been carried out in adult patients suffering from acute and chronic bronchitis, and acute exacerbation of chronic hypersecretory bronchitis, excluding the bronchorreic forms, in order to evaluate the mucolytic activity of orally given domiodol and sobrerol. Treatment with both drugs resulted in an improvement in the subjective measures of ease of expectoration, severity of coughing and sputum consistency; however, there was no improvement in respiratory functions. Moreover, domiodol resulted in a significant increase in sputum volumes, since the very first days of treatment. PMID- 7015179 TI - Effects of bumetanide upon PRA and urinary kallikrein excretion in normal subjects before and after indomethacin treatment. PMID- 7015177 TI - [Daumier's caricatures relating to medicine at a commemorative exhibit]. PMID- 7015180 TI - [Modifications of systemic fibrinolytic potential during hemodialysis]. PMID- 7015181 TI - [Plasma renin and proteinuria in renovascular hypertension in the rat]. PMID- 7015182 TI - [Pseudo-porphyria cutanea tarda in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and in patients with transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7015183 TI - Immunological properties of bulk isolated mouse oligodendrocytes. AB - Mouse oligodendrocytes were isolated in bulk. These cells were 95% galactocerebroside-positive. Rabbit anti-mouse oligodendrocyte antisera reacted in radioimmunoassay and in indirect immunofluorescence with mouse oligodendrocytes in suspension or in culture. The activity of the sera was not blocked by adsorption with galactocerebroside or by preincubation of cells with anti-galactocerebroside serum, although it cross-reacted with galactocerebroside in a serological test. The staining was not impaired by the pretreatment of cells with trypsin, neuraminidase or acetone, nor by adsorption of serum with myelin basis protein. PMID- 7015184 TI - Tetanus toxin: a marker of amphibian neuronal differentiation in vitro. AB - Tetanus toxin may be used to specifically mark neurones in cultures of mammalian and chick nervous tissue. We have prepared cultures of neural ectoderm and underlying mesoderm from late neurula Xenopus laevis embryos, and shown that in this Amphibian species, neurones are labelled by tetanus toxin. Aggregate cultures of ectoderm and mesoderm from late blastula embryos were than examined to determine whether tetanus toxin might be used to mark neuronal precursor cells. Our observations suggest that this is not possible; neurones are seen to have acquired tetanus toxin receptors only after they have become morphologically differentiated. PMID- 7015185 TI - Diabetes Mellitus: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Throughout the process of diagnosis, evaluation and institution of a treatment regime, the physician-nurse practitioner team is essential for patients with diabetes mellitus. Initial consultation with the physician regarding the issues of diagnosis, insulin dose and type, and patient symptomatology relative to hyper/hypoglycemic reactions is necessary. Nursing assessments and implementation of teaching plans are also invaluable in assisting with control of hyperglycemia, adaptation and response to individual variations of this chronic disease, and continuous on-going bio-psycho-social care. PMID- 7015186 TI - Insulin injection sites. PMID- 7015187 TI - Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of cardiovascular regulation and stress. AB - Evidence has accumulated over the past several years indicating that environmental factors can have a substantial influence on cardiovascular dynamics. It has been hypothesized by many investigators that through these influence environmental stressors may be important to the etiology and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. Since the nervous system is intimately involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function it may be assumed that environmental influences on cardiovascular dynamics are to a large extent mediated by the nervous system. This assumption is supported by the literature reviewed which indicates that there are many nervous system nuclei and neurotransmitter systems involved in the regulation of cardiovascular dynamics which are also involved in an organisms adjustment to environmental stressors. The conclusion is reached that further multidisciplinary research will reveal underlying neurophysiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms responsible for stress induced cardiovascular disease and lead to new methods of treatment. PMID- 7015188 TI - Kidney preservation; current status. PMID- 7015189 TI - Amos Evans, M.D.; surgeon on U.S.S. Constitution in War of 1812. PMID- 7015190 TI - Carl Ludwig Scheleich, M.D. (1859--1922); physician, artist, and rebel. PMID- 7015191 TI - Westchester County Medical Society and Westchester Division, New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center; milestones in history. PMID- 7015192 TI - Frederick Delius; medical assessment. PMID- 7015193 TI - Man's reasoning about diseases. Time and place. PMID- 7015194 TI - Masturbation; historic perspective. PMID- 7015195 TI - Multiple myeloma. PMID- 7015197 TI - Medical uses of biofeedback: principles and case studies. PMID- 7015196 TI - Women in New Zealand dentistry, 1880-1980. PMID- 7015198 TI - Our rubella problem: a plea for help. PMID- 7015199 TI - Problem: E. coli: solution: GLETVAX K88 vaccine. PMID- 7015200 TI - Buffalo dental student creates glass sculptures (Robert Teitelbaum). PMID- 7015201 TI - Vaginal reconstruction in gynecological oncology: a review of techniques. PMID- 7015202 TI - Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer. AB - This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by 2 endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study 8 histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, 2 of which were deeply invasive. With 1 exception, the 8 patients were either obese or had a past history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed. PMID- 7015203 TI - Endometrial carcinoma in women 40 years of age or younger. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in patients 40 years of age or younger is rare and accounts for 2.9% of all endometrial cancers diagnosed in the study community. However, the diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed in only 32 of 54 patients (59.2%) with pathologic material available for review. None of the 32 patients had Stein-Leventhal syndrome or was receiving sequential oral contraceptives. Obesity was found in only 37.5%, nulligravidity in 37.5%, and hypertension in 25%. In 81%, the presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding, and 6 patients (19%) had coexisting ovarian neoplasms (4 endometrioid carcinomas, 1 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and 1 adenocarcinoma arising in a cystic teratoma). Atypical endometrial hyperplasia, previously interpreted as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, was diagnosed in 11 of 22 patients. The pathologic criteria for establishing a diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and distinguishing it from well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are emphasized. Thirteen of 32 patients received no radiation therapy and none developed pelvic recurrence or metastatic tumor. The 2 deaths from tumor were in patients with stage 3 ovarian cancer, and no patients died of endometrial carcinoma. The current policy is to treat patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (clinical stage I, pathology confirmed) by hysterectomy without irradiation treatment. Because of 6 of the 32 patients (19%) had coexisting ovarian neoplasms, careful examination of the adnexa at the time of clinical staging is emphasized. PMID- 7015204 TI - Fatal septic abortion in the United States, 1975-1977. AB - In 1975 through 1977, 36 women in the United States died of septic abortion (12 legal, 15 spontaneous, 8 illegal, and 1 unclassified). The respective estimated death-to-case rates for septic abortion are 0.4 and 0.6 deaths per 100,000 legal and spontaneous abortions. Unmarried teenagers who undergo incomplete abortion at 16 weeks' gestation or more by intrauterine placement of a foreign body appear to have the highest risk of death from infection after legal abortion. Three of these risk factors (gestational age at the time of abortion, method, and completeness of abortion) can be influenced by medical personnel. Complete abortion by safe techniques early in pregnancy can help eliminate deaths from infection after legal abortion. PMID- 7015205 TI - [INZOMA-technic-system: ITS-technic with IVOCLAR]. PMID- 7015206 TI - [Master model]. PMID- 7015207 TI - [Role of increased intraocular pressure in the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7015208 TI - [Etiological role of viruses in eye diseases]. PMID- 7015209 TI - [Characteristics of the body's immunological state and sensitization to eye and insulin antigens in proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7015210 TI - Dental materials today. Part 1: perspectives-past and present. PMID- 7015211 TI - The effect of scleral fixation ring placement and trephine tilting on keratoplasty wound size and donor shape. AB - To examine the effect of trephine tilting and scleral ring placement on wound size, five corneas from McCarey-Kaufman medium and ten whole eyes were trephined centrally under controlled conditions and the major and minor axes measured. It was found that, even with great care taken to hold the trephine perpendicular to the cornea, a fair amount of disparity between the major and minor axes of the donor tissue was seen. The scleral fixation ring produced much distortion, although removal allowed the peripheral cornea to return to more normal configuration. The relationship between amount of trephine tilting and increase in the major axis of the cornea is examined, and all of these concepts are discussed in terms of current keratoplasty technique. PMID- 7015212 TI - A simple iris protector. PMID- 7015214 TI - Closed chamber iridoplasty. AB - A patient with iatrogenic, ultrasound-induced hemi-iris atrophy complained of intraocular lens edge glare and intolerable monocular diplopia. A surgical reconstruction of the iris was undertaken utilizing a new suture manufactured by Ethicon for retention and stabilization of the pupillary lens implant during secondary procedures. A straight general surgical needle 15 mm in length swedged to a 10-0 prolene ophthalmic suture is used to cross the anterior chamber limbus to limbus. The resulting horizontal trans AC suture retains the pupillary lens in position. The McCannel suture technique is modified to produce intracameral iris repair with interrupted 10-0 prolene. PMID- 7015213 TI - Visual prognosis in aphakic bullous keratopathy treated by penetrating keratoplasty: a retrospective study of 73 cases. AB - Seventy-three eyes with limbus to limbus bullous keratopathy following cataract extraction were followed 24 months to determine the long-term visual prognosis following penetrating keratoplasty. All but one eye required anterior vitrectomy. A manual vitrectomy technique was utilized in all cases. Results obtained were equal to or better than other contemporary literature reports utilizing mechanical vitrectomy techniques. PMID- 7015215 TI - Oxatomide effects in follicular conjunctivitis of presumed allergic cause. A double-blind evaluation. AB - This double-blind study suggests that oxatomide may be considered a first-line alternative in the treatment of allergic follicular conjunctivitis. For 4 weeks 18 patients were treated with oxatomide at a dosage of 30 mg b.i.d. A randomized control group of 17 patients received a placebo. Already after 2 weeks, and more marked after 4 weeks, oxatomide produced a significantly higher reduction of itching and follicles than the placebo, involving a lower use of supplementary antihistamine medication. Globally, an excellent or good result was obtained in 78% of the oxatomide-treated patients but only in 29% of the placebo-treated patients. In the drug group 1 patient had gastrointestinal complaints and 1 felt slightly sleepy. PMID- 7015216 TI - Ocular coloboma with congenital heart disease in the absence of chromosomal abnormalities. PMID- 7015218 TI - Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - The characteristic feature of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is progressive shrinkage of the conjunctiva. In our series of 78 patients with OCP, 21% had cutaneous involvement and 50% had involvement of the oral mucosa. Immunoglobulins and the third component of complement are found bound to the conjuctival epithelium and basement membrane of patients with OCP. Circulating antibodies which bind to the conjunctival and corneal epithelium but not to the conjunctival basement membrane have also been demonstrated. OCP is associated with an increased prevalence of HLA-B12. The lids and conjunctiva of patients with OCP demonstrate an increased incidence of potential pathogens when compared with age- and sex-matched controls. When followed for a period averaging 22 months, the majority of patients not treated with systemic immunosuppressives or topical corticosteroids progress. However, OCP has a variable course because there were patients in all stages who did not progress. The acute manifestations of OCP may cause rapid shrinkage of the conjunctiva and may be suppressed systemic corticosteroids. PMID- 7015217 TI - Corneal donor material selection. AB - The authors conducted the first long-range study to demonstrate possible negative effects on the recipients of corneal transplantation from donors who had died of a systemic malignancy or of chronic neurologic disease. The results are reported of a long-term retrospective analysis of 73 patients who received 86 grafts from donors with various systemic malignancies. These patients were followed for a mean of 127 months. There was no evidence of the transfer of the same malignancy to any of the recipients. There was no increased incidence of malignancy or earlier mortality in our patient population when compared with a reference population. Graft infection, endophthalmitis, or local tumor growth was not observed. The authors state that at the present time there is no basis for excluding donors dying of systemic malignancy as a source of material for use in keratoplasty. The authors examined the case histories of six patients who received grafts from donors who had died of a neurological disease with a suspected viral etiology. In a follow-up period ranging from 120 to 174 months, no evidence of neurologic disease developed in any of the patients. The sample was too small to provide data necessary for drawing conclusions concerning the safety of the use of material from this source. The authors strongly advise excluding any patient with a neurologic disease of suspected viral etiology as a source of corneal donor material. PMID- 7015219 TI - Timolol. Canadian multicenter study. AB - This collaborative study involves 39 investigators and shows the effects of timolol maleate when used short-term on large numbers of patients (418). Intraocular pressure response is excellent. Statistical analyses of pressure response are done using random sampling. Patient complaints were monitored during the study and present interesting findings. Very few adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 7015220 TI - Prophylactic timolol for the prevention of high intraocular pressure after cataract extraction. A randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. AB - Eyes undergoing routine intracapsular cataract extraction (without alpha chymotrypsin) often experience marked ocular hypertension in the first six hours after surgery. We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind study to determine if timolol maleate would prevent this increase in pressure. Thirty-five eyes undergoing routine cataract extraction were given a drop of either timolol 0.5% or placebo twice before and twice after surgery. Nine (56.3%) of 16 control eyes and 2 (10.5%) of 19 timolol-treated eyes had pressures above 30 mm Hg at six hours after surgery (P less than 0.025). Thus, prophylactic timolol 0.5% can substantially reduce the incidence of severe early postoperative ocular hypertension. PMID- 7015221 TI - Effect of synthetic cannabinoids on elevated intraocular pressure. AB - Two chemical derivatives of delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol were evaluated in a randomized, double-masked study, administered as a single oral dose to a group of ocular hypertensive patients. One of the compounds (BW146Y) was found to have a significant intraocular pressure lowering effect that was independent of orthostatic blood pressure changes, although such changes did occur in some patients. The other compound (BW29Y) was ineffective in lowering intraocular pressure at the doses tested. Psychological and performance parameters were measured, and except for a time production test among the BW29Y group, these parameters were not significantly affected by the test drugs. Patients receiving both drugs experienced mild subjective side effects. PMID- 7015222 TI - Recurrent ameloblastoma in autogenous rib graft. Report of a case. AB - Recurrent tumors in previously placed bone grafts are rare. A case of recurrent ameloblastoma in a rib graft 13 years after resection and reconstruction is presented. A review of the literature discloses only one cases of ameloblastoma recurring within a bone graft. Considering that the recurrence rate is substantial in these tumors, prudent planning and meticulous surgery is mandatory prior to any attempt at reconstruction to minimize the risk of failure due to recurrence. PMID- 7015223 TI - Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7015224 TI - [Genetic aspect of dysplastic (idiopathic) scoliosis]. PMID- 7015225 TI - [Prediction of the treatment outcomes in uncomplicated fractures of the lumbar spine using computer tables]. PMID- 7015226 TI - [Sutureless autoplasty method using the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint]. PMID- 7015227 TI - [Characteristics of the hip joint prosthesis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7015228 TI - [Structural and functional properties of the epiphyseal plate and the factors affecting bone growth]. PMID- 7015229 TI - [The beginning of classification of the elements (in memory of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner)]. PMID- 7015230 TI - [In memory of Albert Rudolf Kolliker on the 75th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7015231 TI - [Tertiary malaria--problems of prevention]. PMID- 7015232 TI - [Internal medical care of diabetic pregnant women around the time of labor]. PMID- 7015233 TI - [From antisepsis to hyperasepsis]. PMID- 7015234 TI - [In memory of Filatov]. PMID- 7015235 TI - [Data on the work of Frigyes Verzar]. PMID- 7015236 TI - [Walter Flemming, discoverer of chromatin and mitotic cell division]. PMID- 7015237 TI - [Non lymphoid cells of the peripheral lymphoid organs. Recent morphological progress and current understanding (author's transl)]. AB - Peripheral lymphoid organs have two groups of non lymphoid cells : that of macrophages which belongs to R. van Furth's system of mononuclear phagocytes and the one made of elements for long labelled "reticular cells". The use of electron microscopy has permitted a good understanding of these elements and a recognition of ubiquitary cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells) and specific cells to the lymph node which seem to play a very important role in the immune reactions (interdigitated cells, reticulum cells, dendritic cells). We describe their light and electron microscopical features and histoenzymatic characters, and present the actual concept of their origin and function. The latest discoveries on their classification are reviewed and have permitted to distinguish three categories of non lymphoid cells : first the group of reticulum cells (reticulum cells and dendritic cells), second that of mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages and interdigitated cells) and third that of endothelial cells. Other elements of questionable existence or insufficiently known do not appear in this classification : dark cells, Steinman and Cohn's dendritic cells and cells containing Birbeck's granules. PMID- 7015238 TI - [In vitro culture of human erythroblast precursors]. PMID- 7015239 TI - [Plasmatic and urinary zinc in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of the plasmatic and urinary levels of zinc in 50 patients presenting a non inflammatory disease and in 50 rheumatoid arthritis, points out to an high significative difference between plasmatic data (13,37 +/- 2,72 mumol/l and 11,32 +/- 2,22 mumol/l respectively ; p less than 0,001). No difference was found in urinary levels and neither age, nor sex, duration of the disease, most biologic parameters, nor long term medications can explain the difference which seems related to the inflammatory tissue process. PMID- 7015240 TI - [Serological diagnosis of human brucellosis by means of an immunoenzymatic technic (ELISA). I.--Estimate of some parameters of the reaction and practical application (author's transl)]. AB - The authors propose a new immunoenzymatic method (ELISA) for human brucellosis diagnosis. They study in a logical way some of the parameters of the reaction realizable by macro- or microassay. The all method requires less than six hours. They use OMS recommended brucella suspension as antigen. The conjugate enzyme is peroxydase and human anti-immunoglobulins are either complete or specific IgM. The revelating substrate is obtained by association of hydrogen peroxyde with 5 amino-salicylic acid which gives the best colorimetric stability. The reading is made at 450 nm : automatically by micro-assay. Using only one sample dilution, serum quantification may be hazardous. PMID- 7015242 TI - [Functional characteristics of granulocytes separated by haemonetic cytapheresis (author's transl)]. AB - Granulocytes have been transfused systematically for several years owing to the utilisation of cells separators. It seems profitable to test these granulocytes from a functional standpoint since they are centrifuged and then collected in plastic bags. Several function tests are used and demonstrate that the quality of these granulocytes is on the average diminished without altering them significantly. Morphological studies complementing these qualitative studies demonstrate membrane fusions and partial degranulation. PMID- 7015241 TI - [Serological diagnosis of human brucellosis by means of an immunoenzymatic technic (ELISA). II.--Comparison with four other usual reactions (author's transl)]. AB - The authors analysing 553 serums, compare the results given by ELISA, in the diagnosis of human brucellosis, with four other usual serological tests : agglutination, rose Bengal plate agglutination test, complement fixation test, immunofluorescence. In the ELISA standard study and the research of specific M component, they can estimate, experimentally, the minimal absorbance necessary for concluding in positivity. They show the excellent specificity and sensitivity of this assay, its performances are almost the same as the immunofluorescence ones. Among 55 positive serums in one assay at least 83,6% are positive in both tests ELISA and IIF and 90,9% are detected by ELISA alone. PMID- 7015244 TI - Indications for bone marrow grafting. PMID- 7015243 TI - [Comparison of consumption kinetics of the C4 and C2 components of complement by immune complexes "in vitro" (author's transl)]. AB - We study the consumption kinetic of the fourth and second component of complement by the C1 esterase in different systems with EA or EAC1 and fresh NHS, or functionally purified C4 and C2 preparations. The results show that the two kinetics are similar with a comparable decrease in both C4 and C2 activities till 90 seconds (the mean residual values are from 21 to 34% at this time). The results show moreover that the consumption of the C2 component requires necessarily the presence of the C4 component. The C4 reaction kinetic compared with the C2 "in vitro" one refutes the hypothesis of a greater sensitivity of the C4 component compared with the C2, for the enzymatic action of the C1 esterase. So, a discrepancy in the reaction speed cannot be evoked in order to explain the obvious C4 depression in the consumption hypocomplementemia, and different hypothesis have to be investigated, such as, for instance, a lower synthesis rate of the C4 component compared with the C2 one. PMID- 7015245 TI - [Histochemical observations of oral mucosa in the non-smoking cirrhotic patient (author's transl)]. AB - Buccal mucosa samples from non-smoking cirrhotic patients were studied with the help of histochemical methods and compared with biopsies from smoking cirrhotic and healthy subjects. Very few differences were observed between the two cirrhotic groups, except for the following which were noted in the epithelium of the non smoking group: an increase of acid phosphatase, an increase of SS and SH contents of the surface keratin, and an increase of the DNA in the active cellular layers. The basal cells mitochondria were almost always reactive. The vascular walls showed enzymatic changes with a decrease of thiamine pyrophosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity. These observations do not allow us to draw any conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of oral cancer in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 7015247 TI - [Serum isoamylases determination. Analytical and critical study of a new method using an inhibitor protein]. AB - A new method for the serum isoamylase assay is studied. Its principle is the use of an inhibitor protein from wheat, mainly active on the salivary type isoamylases. Amylase remaining in the presence of the inhibitor (R) and total amylase (T) are measured and the R/T ratios calculated. The kinetic of the inhibition is studied with various samples of pancreatic juice and saliva, of which the isoenzymatic pattern has been evidenced by electrofocusing. The results show that 80% of the salivary type isoamylases (S) and 20% of those from pancreatic type (P) are inhibited in the operational conditions described. The inhibition is stopped, but not modified, by addition of amylase activity substrate. The analytic study of the kit showed convenient results. The chemical inhibition methodology is compared with a modified Davies' electrophoretic technic on cellulose acetate membrane. The results are shown on a diagram: R/T ratio on the ordinate and total amylasemia on the abscissa. In the middle of the diagram appears an area which corresponds to normal values obtained with 69 healthy subjects from 20 to 30 years old. PMID- 7015246 TI - Antibody inducing lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in auto-immune thyroid diseases. AB - Addition of heat-inactivated serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases to normal nonadherent human lymphoid cells caused significant lysis of thyroglobulin or crude thyroid extract-coated erythrocytes. Serum from 9/10 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis induced significant chromium release by normal lymphocytes at higher dilution (greater than 1 : 1 000) than in other thyroid diseases, the mean highest positive dilution being 1 : 535 in Grave's disease and approximately 1 : 200 in primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism without exophthalmos and non toxic goitres. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in the absence of serum was found positive on one half of the patients with lymphocyte-dependent antibody. Besides an appraisal of autoimmunization in thyroid diseases, such cell-mediated reactions may indicate how the gland is damaged in autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID- 7015248 TI - [Evidence of junctional complexes between cells of monocytic origin in sarcoid granulomas (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrastructural studies of lung and lymph nodes biopsies from twelve patients with sarcoidosis were performed. They consistently demonstrated junctional complexes between consistently demonstrated junctional complexes between granulomatous cells issued from the mononuclear phagocyte system. These inter cellular contacts have a desmosome-like appearance but differ in some of their structural aspects. The role of these complexes appearing between cells of monocytic origin remains to be defined. PMID- 7015249 TI - [Comparison of serum cholinesterase during an industrial organo-phosphorated intoxication and in the course of tetanus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015250 TI - [Repartition of Haemophilus influenzae biotypes responsible of purulent meningitis. (Study of 50 strains) (author's transl)]. AB - The repartition of the Haemophilus influenzae biotypes responsible of meningitis in world were reviewed. In Senegal the vast majority of strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from CSF belonged to biotype I (94%), the biotypes II and IV were rarely encountered (respectively 4% and 2%). The biotypes of repartition in Africa is similar to this encountered in other world areas. PMID- 7015251 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni in human pathology. I. -- Clinical and therapeutical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015253 TI - [Lupus in the dog for a better understanding of human lupus]. PMID- 7015252 TI - [Demonstration by an original method of iron-binding plasmatic protein different from transferrin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015255 TI - [Mechanisms of acute pulmonary edema during meningococcal shock in children (author;s transl)]. AB - Meningococcic shocks may induce fatal acute pulmonary edemas. Ten children, who died in this condition, have been compared to 19 others, who during the treatment of the shock, developed right heart failure, without acute pulmonary edema (8 deaths, 11 survivals). The three groups of children could not be differentiated regarding their clinical status on admission, during the shock phase, or the treatments administered. Composition, volume and speed of administration of fluids were similar in the three groups. An increase in pulmonary capillary permeability could have occurred, and lead to the development of acute pulmonary failure, as presented by the children of the first group. PMID- 7015256 TI - [Gaseous emboli in the rat due to hydrogen peroxide (author's transl)]. AB - 1) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) kills the rat in 2 or 3 mn by gaseous emboli due to oxygen formation by blood catalyse activity. Venous return and pulmonary circulation are blocked by numerous bubbles. 2) Letal dose (DL100) H2O2 averages 5 +/- 2 mg 100 g-1 BW by subcutaneous route. Intraperitoneally, 60 mg 100 g-1 BW H2O2 are well tolerated, only 10% rats dying by emboli; 40 mg H2O2 injected in a gas pocket are also well tolerated. 3) Access of the blood stream of oxygen bubbles is limited by some anatomical peculiarities of the venous capillaries, notably hepatic sinusoids. PMID- 7015254 TI - Some morphological aspects of the atrioventricular junction in the rat heart. AB - The interrelationships of different components of atrioventricular junction of the rat heart were examined on serial sections. The results are the following: 1) The atrioventricular node of the rat is situated at the level of membraneous septum separating left ventricular cavity from the right atrium. This particular localization may be of functional significance since at this level both the state of systemic arterial circulation and venous return, can be integrated. 2) Apart from the node of Aschoff-Tawara adjacent to the upper edge of muscular septum, an accessory atrioventricular node is regularly present close to the aortic root. 3) In the proximity of both atrioventricular nodes we found vascular lacunae containing abundant mastocytes and chromaffin cells. These pictures seem to suggest the existence of local chemoregulation and transmitter liberation. 4) His bundle is apposed to subendocardial fibrous lamina running from mitral valve to the cartilaginous ring of the aortic root. This association of specialized cells with their connective environment reminds the organization of different mechanoreceptors described in literature. PMID- 7015257 TI - [Radioimmunological assay for antithyroglobulin antibodies, with the use of staphylococcal protein A as separating agents (author's transl)]. AB - The staphylococcal cell wall protein A is known to bind specifically and rapidly to most of human immunoglobulin G. We have utilised this immunoadsorbent in a radio-immunoassay for antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg), to separate autoantibodies-125I thyroglobulin complexes from free 125I thyroglobulin (125I Tg). There was no specific precipitation of 125I Tg in the presence of 95,6% of sera from normal subjects (N = 45). In graves' disease, 56/65 hyperthyroid patients sera were positive, and so were 12/13 sera from patients with primary hypothyroidism. This assay showed a good correlation with the second antibody method, while much more rapid and slightly more sensitive. Compared with the new assay, the red cell agglutination test exhibited a high frequency of false negative results. This rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method provide an easy and reliable tool to screen sera acceptable for thyroglobulin measurement. PMID- 7015258 TI - [Breast abscess due to a Corynebacterium of the group "renale" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015259 TI - [Tissue and serum isoferritins in human pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Tissue isoferritins are a family of proteins whose role in the storage of iron has been established for many years. More recently, isoferritins have been detected and quantitated in serum. Their concentrations, which vary in different pathological states, facilitate a follow-up examination of an iron deficiency or of an iron overload. The use of this single parameter instead of classical methods of investigation presents real progress in the treatment of patients with abnormalities of iron metabolism. PMID- 7015260 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni in human pathology. II. -- Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological features (author's transl)]. AB - C. jejuni is a newly recognized enteropathogenic bacteria. We expose different aspects of the direct and indirect diagnosis. The reservoirs of Campylobacter are reviewed. An epidemiologic scheme is proposed. The pathogenic mechanism are discussed. PMID- 7015261 TI - The problem of ductal patency in prematures. PMID- 7015262 TI - Evaluation of short-term antibiotic therapy in children with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. AB - This study was designed to determine whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations could be used to identify children with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection who would respond favorably to short-term antibiotic therapy. A one-day or ten-day regimen of cefadroxil (30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses) was assigned randomly to 80 children who had acute urinary tract infection and CRP concentrations less than 28 microgram/ml (CRP-negative group). Ten days of cefadroxil therapy was used to treat 44 children with urinary tract infection and CRP values greater than or equal to 28 microgram/ml (CRP-positive group). The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the children in the two CRP-negative therapy groups were similar to, but different from those of children with CRP positive infections. Recurrent infections occurred significantly more often at four to five days after completion of therapy in CRP-negative children who received one day (44.4%) compared to ten days (20%) of cefadroxil therapy (P less than .05). When data from this study were combined with those from our previously published investigation of short-term antibiotic therapy in CRP-negative children, a significantly larger percentage of recurrences was documented immediately after one or four days of antibiotics (79%) compared to recurrences after the standard ten-day regimen (41%). Additionally, the total rate of recurrent infections for all children in both studies was significantly larger in those who received short-term therapy (48%) as opposed to conventional therapy (34%). These data indicate that short-term antibiotic therapy is less effective than the conventional ten-day regimen in children with CRP-negative urinary tract infection. PMID- 7015263 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis in children: a report of 13 cases and review of the literature. AB - Clinical and pathologic data of 13 children, aged 5 to 16 years, with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) are presented. The cause of AIN in these children was assessed as being related to infection in ten and methicillin in one; no infection, drug, or toxin could be implicated in two other patients. In addition to having various degrees of acute renal failure, all patients had systemic symptoms, most common of which were fatigue, fever, sore throat, and gastrointestinal disturbances. In six patients, the diagnosis of AIN was clinically suspected on the basis of tubular dysfunction such as low urinary specific gravity and glucosuria; in seven others the diagnosis was made after examination of the renal biopsy. Two patients had the nephrotic syndrome which resolved only after cytotoxic agents were added to corticosteroid therapy. The remaining 11 patients were given supportive therapy including peritoneal dialysis in one case. Complete recovery of renal function occurred in all patients within a mean interval of 69.5 +/- 34.7 days from the onset of symptoms, and all patients continue to have normal renal function during a follow-up period ranging from 1.5 to 10 years. We conclude that, in children, AIN is underdiagnosed, is most often associated with streptococcal infection, and carries an excellent prognosis. PMID- 7015264 TI - Method for predicting when children with progressive renal disease may reach high serum creatinine levels. AB - Optimal planning of therapy for children with progressive renal failure requires accurate prediction of the age at which the serum creatinine (SC) level of the patient will be sufficiently high to warrant dialysis or renal transplantation. In a retrospective study of 29 children with progressive renal disease, linear regressions for each child were developed from the reciprocal of serum creatinine (1/SC) on time. It was found that in children, as in adults, the rate of deterioration of renal function expressed as 1/SC described a linear regression. From the regressions developed, it was determined that predictions using at least six 1/SC values on time would have given acceptable estimates of the age at which dialysis treatment became necessary. With the more precise measurement of SC now available it is likely that even more accurate predictions will be possible in the future. PMID- 7015266 TI - Aplastic anemia complicating infectious mononucleosis: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A 12 1/2-year-old white girl developed pancytopenia and severe aplastic anemia three weeks following symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Pancytopenia complicating infectious mononucleosis has been reported in only nine previous cases and only three were proven to have aplastic anemia. The mean time from onset of symptoms of infectious mononucleosis to the nadir of pancytopenia was 21.3 days with a range of seven to 49 days. Two patients died from complications of the pancytopenia. In those patients who recovered, the mean time from diagnosis of the pancytopenia to recovery of bone marrow function was 6.25 days with a range of four to eight days. In contrast to other causes of aplastic anemia, return of normal platelet levels coincided with recovery from pancytopenia. The etiology of the pancytopenia and aplastic anemia are unknown but immunologic causes are suspected because of the rapid recovery of the bone marrow and its possible responsiveness to steroids. PMID- 7015265 TI - Cellulitis: treatment with cefoxitin compared with multiple antibiotic therapy. AB - Cefoxitin, a parenteral cephamycin beta-lactam antibiotic was prospectively evaluated as a single drug alternative in 31 children with cellulitis and the results of therapy were compared retrospectively with those from prevailing multiple antibiotic therapy for cellulitis in 56 children. Periorbital and lower extremity cellulitis accounted for more than 60% of the cases in both study groups. The most common bacterial agents included Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. In as many as 50% of the cases, no etiologic agent could be found. In addition to blood cultures, cellulitis leading edge aspirate cultures were helpful in establishing the etiologic diagnosis. Of 52 patients sampled in the combined studies, 21% had positive aspirate cultures in the presence of negative blood cultures. The outcome and mean duration of hospital stay were similar in both groups. No severe adverse reactions were encountered. The mean number of antibiotics used in the retrospective study was three (range 1 to 7) whereas cefoxitin alone was used in the prospective study. All organisms isolated in the prospective study were susceptible to cefoxitin. Single antibiotic therapy with cefoxitin appears to be as safe and as effective in the treatment of cellulitis in children as multiple antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7015267 TI - The interference between coagulase negative staphylococci and Corynebacterium bovis and the common udder pathogens in the lactating cow. AB - In these experiments it was studied whether the presence of the low pathogenic coagulase negative staphylococci or Corynebacterium bovis in the lactating bovine udder would have a protective effect against some of the common udder pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, the streptococci and the Gram negative bacteria. PMID- 7015268 TI - Reliability of VRB agar and BGLB broth for enumeration of 44 degrees C coliforms in food. AB - This study shows that colony diameter exceeding 0.5 mm and presence of a surrounding precipitation zone are not unconditional criteria for 44 degrees C coliforms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species) grown on violet red bile agar. Confirmatory studies in brilliant green lactose bile broth will add to the numbers of coliforms which are missed if these criteria are adhered to. PMID- 7015269 TI - [Prospects opened by the insulin pump]. PMID- 7015270 TI - [Juvenile diabetes of recent onset. Sustained insulin remission by means of preprogrammed insulin infusion (author's transl)]. AB - Seven young insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated within 45 days at the latest from the onset of the disease by programmed insulin infusions delivered with an insulin pump. In every case normal serum glucose levels were obtained. At the end of each 84-hour infusion, an attempt was made to institute oral antidiabetic treatment. This was successful in 6 patients after 2 or 3 infusions and in one patient after 3 infusions followed by 2 months' conventional insulin therapy and a 4th infusion. In 5 patients (71%), oral treatment could be continued for more than 3 months, which indicates sustained remission of insulin dependence. These results are comparable to those achieved with an artificial pancreas and can be explained by optimal diabetes control during the programmed infusions. The method has the advantages of being simple and relatively inexpensive. PMID- 7015271 TI - [Measurement of plasma 1,25 dihydrovitamin D. Normal and pathological values in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma levels of 1,25 dihydrovitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D) were measured in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases, using a radiocompetition method. Mean values of 89 +/- 58 pmol/l (1 s.d.) were found in normal adults, irrespective of sex. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D values were high in 12/31 patients with lithiasis and hypercalciuria, in 1/7 patients with lithiasis and normal calciuria and in 2/4 patients with idiopathic parathyroid adenoma; they were normal in 2 patients with essential hypoparathyroidism. 1,25(OH)2D was undetectable in 5 patients with chronic renal failure, low in 7 and normal in 4. Following successful kidney transplantation (serum creatinine less than 120 mumol/l) one half of the patients had normal values and the other half high values. PMID- 7015272 TI - [Nonspecific immunofluorescence on sections of Schistosoma mansoni. Role of anti smooth muscle antibodies]. PMID- 7015273 TI - [Immunosuppression, tumoricidal agents and carcinogenesis]. PMID- 7015274 TI - [Limitations of passive treponema haemagglutination test (TPHA) in the detection of early syphilis (author's transl)]. AB - The sera from 80 patients with clinical signs of primary syphilis were subjected to fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-abs), TPHA test and cardiolipin reactions (Kline, VDRL, Kolmer). The superiority of the FTA-abs test in screening for early primary syphilis was confirmed, but the TPHA test was less sensitive: the sera of 14 patients were reactive in the FTA-abs test and cardiolipins reactions but not in the TPHA test. The TPHA test alone cannot be relied upon to detect early syphilis; when the FTA-abs test is not performed, it must always be combined with one of the cardiolipin reactions. PMID- 7015275 TI - [Filarian eosinophilic lung in a patient from Upper Egypt]. PMID- 7015276 TI - [Scleroderma complicated by arterial hypertension and kidney failure: treatment with captopril]. PMID- 7015277 TI - [Significance of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in kidney transplantation revisited (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies against peripheral blood lymphocytes (LT anti-PBL) were investigated in sera obtained before and after 148 kidney transplantations. Reactivity was assayed on a panel of unrelated donor cells and, in 15 cases, on the kidney donor's lymphocytes. Pretransplant LT anti-PBL, whether they persisted or not after grafting, were of no prognostic value. However, they were associated with longer periods of treatment by chronic hemodialysis, due to an increased frequency of positive cross-matches against potential donors. De novo occurrence of LT anti-PBL after transplantation was more frequently observed in mismatched kidney recipients, and they were significantly correlated to graft failure. In this respect, LT specifically directed to the kidney donor are of more avail than those directed to the panel. Anti-B lymphocyte LT do not seem to be more specific or more predictive for the follow-up of these patients. PMID- 7015278 TI - [Anastomoses with automatic suture instruments in total gastrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a technique of total gastrectomy using exclusively automatic suture instruments. The Y-shaped jejunal loop is successively anastomosed with the abdominal oesophagus and the proximal jejunum by means of an EEA stapler introduced through a contra-incision in the jejunal wall and directed upwards, then downwards. The duodenum and the contra-incision are closed with a T30 stapler. Pre-anastomosis purse-string sutures are performed with an ASP 50 instrument. This method restores digestive tract continuity with complete safety. PMID- 7015279 TI - [In vitro assessment of the sensitivity of P. falciparum to mefloquine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015280 TI - [Advanced chronic renal insufficiency: logistics of treatment in France]. PMID- 7015281 TI - [Results of one year (1978) of kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Kidney transplantation in France is not as common as both patients and health authorities would wish. While at least 1 000 transplantations would be required each year, only 550 were done in 1978. The authors report on the experience of a team which for the first time was able to perform 75 transplantations in one year, and bring to the pull of transplantation 74 cadaver kidneys. The 75 patients will be followed up by the same group which operated upon them not only during the post-operative period, but also for many years to come. As far as possible, the team endeavours to transplant kidneys from local donors or sent directly to the surgeons. Such a "regionalisation" of kidney transplantations suffers from the drawback of lesser compatibility, but makes it possible to obtain the expected results. PMID- 7015282 TI - [Removal of kidneys for transplantation. Experience in a French general teaching hospital (author's transl)]. AB - A law issued on december 22, 1976 and aimed at increasing the number of kidney transplantations in France authorizes the removal of kidneys from deceased persons of full age provided they had not expressed refusal while still alive; for decreased persons under age, removal is subject to written consent of the legal representative. In a general teaching hospital of whose than 1 000 beds, 21 kidneys donors were operated upon between January 1, 1971 and December 31, 1975 (an average of 4.2 per year). A kidney transplantation team was developed in 1976. Between January 1, 1976 and August 31, 1979, 83 kidneys donors were operated, an average of 22.6 per year. Ninety-five per cent (59/62) of the kidneys removed and transplanted in the hospital began to function (diuresis greater than 2 ml/min) within minutes of releasing the clamp, no matter how long cold ischaemia had lasted. The increase in kidney removal and transplantation may be attributed to the fact that motivation was maintained among the various units concerned (anaesthesia and intensive care, neurosurgery, neuroradiology) by sustained information and teaching. PMID- 7015283 TI - [Surgical methods of cadaver nephrectomy prior to kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical technique during donor's binephrectomy is one of the most important parameters conditioning early success after kidney transplantation. Experimental studies showed that tractions on the renal pedicle during kidney removal had a detrimental effect upon renal cortical vascularization and subsequent kidney function. Cortical vasoconstriction is equivalent to acute warm ischemia and therefore impedes prolonged kidney preservation. The means of preventing such events are: administration of large volumes of intravenous saline to the donor, renal vasodilation during surgery with furosemide (8 mg/kg I.V.) repeatedly administered, continuous I.V. infusion of dopamine (less than 10 micrograms/kg/min) and last but not least, surgical technique. Renal pedicles should never be publed. Initial dissection of inferior vena cava, aorta and both renal pedicles is mandatory. Kidney dissection takes place at the very end of the operative procedure. In case of cardiocirculatory arrest, both kidneys are cooled in situ after retrograde cannulation of the aorta above the renal arteries with an indwelling probe inserted into the femoral artery in the groin. From January, 1876 to August 31, 1979, 83 cadavers have been operated upon according to these techniques. Warm ischemic time was less than 5 minutes in all cases. 85 kidneys have been sent to other kidney transplantation centers and 19 kidneys discarded. Sixty-two kidneys have been transplanted in our institution. Cold ischemic time ranged from 2 to 43 hours. Immediate post-transplant massive diuresis (greater than 2 ml/mn) was observed in all recipients but 3 (95%). PMID- 7015284 TI - tRNA synthesis: identification of in vivo precursor tRNAs from parental and mutant yeast strains. AB - In vivo yeast precursor tRNAs have been identified using a modification of the Northern-hybridization procedure. Two species of pre-tRNA Tyr, 1 species of pre tRNA Ser2 and 2 species of pre-tRNA Serminor have been found in all yeast strains examined, including parental strains and strains harboring mutations affecting tRNA function. One of the tRNA Tyr strains harboring and one of the pre-tRNA SerUCG are the same size as the unspliced pre-tRNAs which accumulate in the yeast mutant rna1. The in vivo tRNA Tyr precursors detected in these studies also appear similar with the RNA species identified when cloned yeast tRNA Tyr is transcribed and processed by Xenopus oocytes and/or Xenopus extracts. We have also studied the precursor and mature tRNA Tyr species from 22 mutants which contain mutations in the SUP4 tyrosine-inserting suppressor locus. The RNA from 2 mutants mapping at the G52 position showing an aberrantly migrating "mature" tRNA Tyr. Although several of those cloned mutant genes showed transcript products of altered size in in vitro transcription studies (1), we did not detect such altered transcripts in vivo. PMID- 7015285 TI - The structure of the yeast ribosomal RNA genes. 3. Precise mapping of the 18 S and 25 S rRNA genes and structure of the adjacent regions. AB - The 5'-terminal of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 18 S and 25 S rRNA are precisely mapped within the sequence of the rDNA repeating unit. The 3'-terminal of 25 S rRNA and 37 S pre-rRNA are located within a 548 bp segment of the rDNA repeating unit by the use of a DNA polymerase I extension technique. The analysis of the rDNA sequences at the structural gene boundaries reveals the presence of oligonucleotide repeats which may be involved in transcription or processing control mechanisms. The sequence of rDNA in the transcription termination region is determined and possible mechanisms shaping the 3'-end of 25 S rRNA are discussed. PMID- 7015286 TI - The characterisation of a 5-S 'monosome' fraction from chromatin of Physarum polycephalum. AB - A so-called '5-S mononucleosome' fraction was isolated from nuclei of Physarum polycephalum by digestion with micrococcal nuclease and subsequent fractionation by gel filtration. This fraction had electrophoretic and sedimentation properties which were similar to DNA of approximately 140 base pairs in length. It is shown that lysis of the nuclei activates a protease which is resistant to phenyl-methyl sulphonyl fluoride, o-phenanthroline and parachloromercuri benzene sulphonate and which subsequently degrades the nucleosomes. PMID- 7015287 TI - Characterization of the yeast tRNA Ser genomic organization and DNA sequence. AB - Purified, isolated yeast tRNA Ser2 was used as a hybridization probe to estimate the number of tRNA Ser2 genes in the yeast genome. Molecular clones of several of the genes were obtained. Three examples were studied in detail with respect to their genomic organization, and DNA sequences were determined for them. There appear to be eleven tRNA Ser2 genes in the yeast genome. They are neither tandemly repeated, nor clustered with other tRNA genes. They contain no intervening sequences. PMID- 7015288 TI - UGA suppression by normal tRNA Trp in Escherichia coli: codon context effects. AB - The nucleotide sequences at the 3' side of in-phase UGA termination codons in mRNAs of various prokaryotic genes were re-examined. An adenine (A) residue is found to be adjacent to the 3' side of UGA in mRNAs which code for readthrough proteins by the suppression of UGA by normal Escherichia coli tRNA Trp. It is suggested that the nature of the nucleotide following a UGA codon determines whether the UGA signals inefficiently or efficiently the termination of polypeptide chain synthesis: an A residue at this position permits the UGA readthrough process. PMID- 7015290 TI - Coding capacity of complementary DNA strands. AB - A Fortran computer algorithm has been used to analyze the nucleotide sequence of several structural genes. The analysis performed on both coding and complementary DNA strands shows that whereas open reading frames shorter than 100 codons are randomly distributed on both DNA strands, open reading frames longer than 100 codons ("virtual genes") are significantly more frequent on the complementary DNA strand than on the coding one. These "virtual genes" were further investigated by looking at intron sequences, splicing points, signal sequences and by analyzing gene mutations. On the basis of this analysis coding and complementary DNA strands of several eukaryotic structural genes cannot be distinguished. In particular we suggest that the complementary DNA strand of the human epsilon globin gene might indeed code for a protein. PMID- 7015291 TI - Clarification of the database concept. AB - Our concern is that nursing databases be structured to improve the efficiency of decision-making in nursing. The selection of database management systems that are compatible with the computer resources in a majority of settings is important to methodology. To facilitate methodological development, we encourage the inclusion of information in the nursing literature that details the investments in personnel, equipment, and facilities required to develop computerized databases. In the current state of affairs, determining the personnel and budgets for the development, update, and maintenance of computerized databases and related data management systems is somewhat like trying to pin the tail on the donkey while blindfolded. However some of the frustrations encountered at the start of new endeavors can be lessened if we share our experiences in project management as we report findings from our work. PMID- 7015289 TI - Topography of the C. coli 5S RNA-protein complex as determined by crosslinking with dimethyl suberimidate and dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate. AB - 5S RNA-protein complexes were prepared in vitro using partially purified E. coli 5S RNA and total E. coli 70S ribosomal proteins. The complexes were isolated from sucrose gradients and shown to contain proteins L5, L18, L25 and a fourth protein not heretofore characterized and designed L31. The complexes were treated with the crosslinking reagents dimethyl suberimidate and dimethyl-3,3' dithiobispropionimidate. Both reagents gave identical patterns of crosslinked proteins when analyzed by one-dimensional polyacrylamide/dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Dimers of L5-L31', L5-L18 and L18-L18 and a trimer containing L5, L18 and L31' were identified by diagonal polyacrylamide/dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis of the proteins crosslinked with dimethyl-3,3' dithiobispropionimidate. No crosslinking was detected between L25 and the other three proteins. PMID- 7015292 TI - Critical care nursing stress: the findings revisited. AB - Twenty-eight articles representing 19 investigations of critical care unit stress were reviewed. Studies were chosen if the stated purpose was to explore, describe, categorize, reduce, compare, or manipulate stress experienced by nurses employed in critical care settings. types of critical care units included were the intensive care unit, coronary care unit, pediatric intensive care unit, and the neonatal intensive care unit. Findings and trends included: Purposes of most studies were to substantiate the presence of stress in critical care and to describe the antecedents of stress. Critical care units, although generally portrayed as highly stressful, were not shown to be more stressful than other types of nursing units. Theoretical bases, implementation of interventive strategies, and evaluation of interventions were absent in all studies reviewed. Recommendations for further research directions are given, and a categorization scheme for classification of perceived stresses is offered. PMID- 7015294 TI - Mobile dental clinics. Their place in dental public health. PMID- 7015295 TI - Genetic and phenotypic correlations between immune response to Escherichia coli and to Newcastle disease virus vaccines. AB - Genetic and phenotypic variation and covariation in immune response to inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and to Escherichia coli vaccine were studied in commercial poultry strains. Within any given experiment there was no tendency for individual birds to respond in a correlated manner to NDV and E. coli vaccines. There were highly significant differences between sire families in immune response to NDV vaccine (57 sire families) and to E. coli vaccine (35 sire families). Heritabilities of immune response levels to NDV and to E. coli were .41 and .25, respectively. In both cases, additive genetic standard deviations were slightly over 1.0 titer unit. The correlation between sire-family means for response to NDV and sire-family means for response to E. coli (35 sire families) was .077 and statistically nonsignificant. Thus, the data provide evidence for the presence of significant genetic variation in immune response with respect to two endemic disease antigens, but they provide no evidence for a genetic correlation in response to the two antigens. PMID- 7015293 TI - Rebonding composite resin to enamel at sites of fracture. PMID- 7015296 TI - A doctor cricketer--the other Grace. PMID- 7015297 TI - [The pathogen spectrum of microbial pneumonias in adults from an operational diagnostic aspect]. PMID- 7015298 TI - [Immunological laboratory diagnosis of interstitial pneumonias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015300 TI - ["Air trapping" after histamine provocation in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015301 TI - [The role of projective technics in therapy-oriented diagnosis]. PMID- 7015299 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015302 TI - [Anorectal continence, clinical evaluation and measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015303 TI - [Occupational cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015305 TI - Remarks on presentation of American College of Preventive Medicine Award to Katharine Boucot Sturgis, M.D. 26th annual meeting of the American College of Preventive Medicine, November 4, 1979, New York City. PMID- 7015306 TI - Health education using microcomputers: initial acceptability. PMID- 7015304 TI - [Malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7015307 TI - [Simplified method of isolating glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli]. AB - A modified method for preparation of partially and highly purified glutamate decarboxylase from E. coli str. 600 was developed. Cell disruption was achieved by brief autolysis (6 hours at 37 degrees C). Residues of nucleic acids and acidic proteins were removed by means of streptomycin sulfate that replace protamine sulfate. The use of modified ion-exchange chromatography and improved monitoring of enzyme elution from DEAE-cellulose columns helped to prepare highly purified glutamate decarboxylase, the crystallization stage being omitted. Preparation of partially and highly purified enzyme with specific activities of 6,000-14,000 and 20,000-35,000 microliter CO2/10 min/mg protein, respectively were obtained. PMID- 7015308 TI - [Insulin-receptor interaction on liver cell membranes and isolated adipocytes of rats in experimental obesity]. AB - It was established that alimentary obesity in rats was accompanied by a considerable elevation of the blood insulin level. Under these conditions the number of receptors to insulin on the rat liver cell plasmatic membranes decreased 1 1/2 to 2 times depending on the obesity degree. The receptor affinity to the hormone remained unchanged. It was shown that the receptor density to insulin on adipocytes isolated from the rat fatty tissue was sharply reduced, the decrease being correlated with the biological effect lowering of insulin in this tissue. PMID- 7015309 TI - [Hormonal regulation of the somatomedin activity of the blood]. PMID- 7015310 TI - [Mechanisms of sexual dysfunction in alloxan diabetic rats]. AB - The hypophysis weight significantly rises in male and female rats suffering from mild alloxan diabetes (prediabetes and the latent disease form). In pronounced diabetes, a decrease in the hypophysis weight is seen. These changes do not correlate with alterations in sex function which is essentially deranged only in pronounced diabetes mellitus when the blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and estradiol are reduced and the weight of the reproductive organs (prostate and uterus), dependent on the above blood hormone levels, decreases. These indices remain unchanged in prediabetes and the latent diabetes form. In marked diabetes, a rise in gonadotropin-releasing hormone level in the hypothalamic arcuate body is seen that may be indicative of lowering gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion into the blood rather than of its synthesis reduction in peptiergic neurons. These disturbances are supposed to be primary link in sex dysfunction development in diabetes. PMID- 7015312 TI - [Bone marrow donors and the scientific and organizational problems of creating a marrow bank]. PMID- 7015311 TI - [Role of melatonin in endocrine system regulation]. PMID- 7015313 TI - [Results of a cooperative clinical study of a Soviet thioguanine preparation in hemoblastosis]. PMID- 7015314 TI - [Level of the oxygen transport in erythrocytes preserved under different conditions]. PMID- 7015315 TI - [Detection of specific antibodies in anti-Escherichia coli donor plasma and of its isolated immunoglobulins]. PMID- 7015316 TI - [In memoriam Dmitrii Leonidovich Romanovskii (on the 120th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7015317 TI - [Prof. V.A. Agranenko (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 7015318 TI - [Results of a clinical study of an epipodophyllotoxin preparation (VM 26) in children with hemoblastoses]. PMID- 7015319 TI - [Current therapy problems in chronic myeloleukosis]. PMID- 7015320 TI - [Cryopreservation of bone marrow]. PMID- 7015321 TI - [Histocompatible marrow transplants with preliminary immunodepression by cyclophosphane and whole-body irradiation in acute leukemias]. PMID- 7015323 TI - Theodore B. Sachs. PMID- 7015322 TI - Galen: the most maligned physician. PMID- 7015324 TI - Daniel Brainard--pioneering surgeon and teacher. PMID- 7015325 TI - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle--physician and detective. PMID- 7015326 TI - Two growth factors and two hormones regulate initiation of DNA synthesis in cultured mouse cells through different pathways of events. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) as well as prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), when added to quiescent, confluent Swiss 3T3 cells, stimulate the initiation of DNA synthesis, which occurs with apparent first-order kinetics after a lag phase of 14-15 hr. These two growth factors appear to stimulate similar events; insulin enhances and hydrocortisone can inhibit the stimulatory effect of either. Here we show that the addition of EGF and PGF2 alpha together, however, results in a synergistic effect seen at the end of the lag phase, but only when EGF and PGF2 alpha are added within 6 hr of each other. Addition of one growth factor 10 or 15 hr after the other delayed the synergy for 15 hr after the addition of the second growth factor. Insulin further increased the rate of entry into the s phage stimulated by EGF and PGF2 alpha together, whereas hydrocortisone inhibited the stimulatory effect observed with either EGF or PGF2 alpha alone. These results suggest that, in spite of the common events responsible for the interactions with the two hormones, EGF and PGF2 alpha must have differences in their sequences of events that initiate DNA synthesis. PMID- 7015327 TI - Transfer of synaptic vesicle antigens to the presynaptic plasma membrane during exocytosis. AB - We have utilized immunofluorescence techniques to look for synaptic vesicle antigens on the plasma membrane of resting and active nerve terminals. Rabbit antiserum was raised against purified cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of Narcine brasiliensis, a marine electric ray. Antibodies to synaptic vesicles were shown to bind selectively to nerve terminals in cryostat sections of frog nerve-muscle preparations. Binding was demonstrated indirectly by using fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Structures in cross sections that bound antiserum were identified as nerve terminals because of their size, shape, and position and because they coincided with sites that bound rhodamine-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin and had acetylcholine esterase activity. Presumably, sectioning gave antibodies access to binding sites within the nerve terminal. However, when antibodies to synaptic vesicles were added to the bathing medium of intact neuromuscular preparations prior to sectioning, antibody binding was marginal or undetectable, suggesting that few vesicle antigens were normally accessible on the outer surface of resting nerve terminals. When intact preparations were stimulated to release their vesicular acetylcholine by the addition of 1 mM LaCl3, antibody binding to the intact nerve terminals became striking. These findings suggest that the synaptic vesicle membrane and the synaptic terminal plasma membrane differ in composition. They also provide further support for the exocytotic hypothesis of neurotransmitter release, which predicts that vesicle markers should be exposed on the outside of nerve terminals when vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane during stimulation. PMID- 7015328 TI - Calcium lability of cytoplasmic microtubules and its modulation by microtubule associated proteins. AB - Detergent-extracted BSC-1 monkey cells have been used as a model system to study the Ca(2+) sensitivity of in vivo polymerized microtubules under in vitro conditions. The effects of various experimental treatments were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Whereas microtubules are completely stable at Ca(2+) concentrations below 1 muM, Ca(2+) at greater than 1-4 muM induces microtubule disassembly that begins in the cell periphery and proceeds towards the cell center. At concentrations of up to 500 muM, both the pattern and time course of disassembly are not markedly altered, suggesting that, within this concentration range, Ca(2+) effects are catalytic rather than stoichiometric. Higher (millimolar) Ca(2+) concentration results in rapid destruction of microtubules. Of other divalent cations, only Sr(2+) has a slight depolymerizing effect, whereas millimolar Ba(2+), Mg(2+), or Mn(2+) is ineffective. Disassembly induced by micromolar Ca(2+) is inhibited by pharmacological agents known to bind to calmodulin and inhibit its function, suggesting that calmodulin mediates Ca(2+) effects. Both the addition of exogenous brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) after lysis and the retention of endogenous cellular MAPs normally extracted during the lysis step stabilize microtubules against the depolymerizing effect of micromolar Ca(2+). The results indicate that, in this model system, microtubules are sensitive to physiological Ca(2+) concentrations and that this sensitivity may be conferred by calmodulin associated with the microtubules. MAPs appear to have a modulating effect on microtubular Ca(2+) sensitivity and thus may function as a discriminating factor in cellular functions performed by calmodulin. It is hypothesized that Ca(2+)-stimulated microtubule disassembly depends on the relative amount of MAPs. PMID- 7015329 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity of olivocochlear nerve fibers in cochlea of guinea pig and cat. AB - The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the cochlea of the guinea pig and cat was studied. Indirect immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry using antisera generated against a methionine enkephalin-bovine thyroglobulin conjugate was applied to surface preparations of the organ of Corti and cryostat sections of the whole of the cochlea. In the cochlear osseous spiral lamina, immunofluorescence was localized to unmyelinated fibers of the intraganglionic spiral bundle. In the organ of Corti, immunofluorescence was localized to a small number of fibers at inner hair cells, the inner spiral bundle, and tunnel spiral bundle, to tunnel crossing fibers at the level of the tunnel floor, to an occasional spiral outer fiber, and to the synaptic region of outer hair cells in the three rows of the basal turn of the cochlea. Less immunofluorescence was found in this region as one progressed towards the apex, with none seen at the apex. At the most apical region the inner spiral bundle became patchy and the tunnel spiral bundle developed arcades. There was no immunofluorescence found in spiral ganglion cells, in auditory nerve fibers, or in the hair cells of the organ of Corti. The findings were the same in cat as in guinea pig, the latter being studied in more detail. It was concluded that efferent, olivocochlear neurons of the cochlea, synapsing predominantly with primary auditory nerve fibers from the inner sensory cells or with the sensory cells, contain enkephalin like immunoreactivity. Also, the findings indicate that endings of olivocochlear neurons that synapse predominantly with outer hair cells contain enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. It has previously been shown that olivocochlear neurons are likely to be cholinergic. PMID- 7015331 TI - Comparison of [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins from human renal cancer and normal kidney epithelial cell cultures by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to compare the Nonidet P-40 soluble, [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins of human kidney cancer cell lines and short-term cultures of normal kidney epithelia. Two pairs of autologous combinations of tumor and normal cells and also six other cancer lines and four normal cultures were examined. Because autologous cells could be compared, possible differences due to allogeneic variations could be eliminated. The electrophoretic patterns given by tumor and normal cells were extremely similar. Nevertheless, more than 10 differences could be recognized when randomly selected combinations of cancer and normal cells were examined in detail. Of these differences, however, only one was consistently found in all possible combinations of cancer and normal cells. Cancer cells had three prominent components of molecular weight 27,500 and pIs of 5.7, 5.3, and 4.9, respectively. Normal cells have a fainter and different constellation of spots in this region, with the more acid component (pI 4.9) being absent (or barely detectable). The pattern of fetal kidney cells resembled that given by normal adult kidney. PMID- 7015330 TI - Target neuron-specific process formation by embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons in vitro. AB - Mesencephalic dopamine neurons from the embryonic mouse brain were dissociated, aggregated in vitro in the presence of dissociated cells from appropriate or inappropriate target neuron areas, and visualized by the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique after exposure to 1 microM exogenous dopamine. When aggregated with the surrounding rostral mesencephalic tegmentum cells only or with the addition of rostral tectum cells, the dopamine neurons formed a dense dendritic arborization, but no axons were observed. In the presence of dopamine neuron target cells from the corpus striatum, a dense axonal plexus characteristic of that formed in this area in vivo was observed. In contrast, in aggregates formed with target cells from the frontal cortex, branching fluorescent axons bearing irregularly spaced and shaped varicosities were found coursing through the neuropil, as is characteristic of the dopaminergic innervation to the frontal cortex in vivo. Only proximal dendrites were observed in the presence of these axonal target cells. Dopamine neurons cultured with inappropriate target cells from the occipital cortex did not form either extensive axonal or dendritic processes. Thus, the presence, type, and distribution of dopamine neuronal processes are dependent on the presence of appropriate target cells. The formation of unique patterns of neuronal processes by dissociated neurons in vitro suggests that the information necessary for this differentiation is intrinsic to the dopamine neurons and their target cells. This system provides a useful model with which to study basic mechanisms underlying neuronal recognition. PMID- 7015334 TI - Enzymatic release of 7-methylguanine from methylated DNA by rodent liver extracts. AB - Rat and hamster liver extracts were found to contain DNA glycosylases capable of removing 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine from methylated DNA. The activity of 7-methylguanine-DNA glycosylase was greater tin hamster than in rat liver extracts. This finding is consistent with previous reports that the half-life of 7-methylguanine in DNA after treatment with the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine is longer in rats than in hamsters. These enzymes may, therefore, play an important role in the removal of abnormal alkylation products from mammalian cell DNA. Rodent liver extracts also contained a DNA glycosylase able to remove from alkylated DNA the imidazole-ring-opened form of 7-methylguanine which is produced by treatment with alkali. Although this product may occur in vivo after treatment with alkylating agents to only a very small extent, the enzyme may be needed to minimize its potentially harmful biological effects. PMID- 7015332 TI - Covalent modification and repressed transcription of a gene in hepatoma cells. AB - When liver cells undergo malignant transformation, certain genes cease being expressed. We have studied the structure of one such gene, whose protein product we have designated hepatic protein 22 (hp22), which is not expressed in the two Morris hepatomas studied. We have prepared a chimeric clone of pBR322 containing cDNA sequences complementary to mRNA coding for this protein. By using this cloned cDNA, we have examined changes in expression of this gene and changes in the restriction pattern of the DNA isolated from normal liver and these hepatomas. In both hepatomas, studies using the isoschizomeric pair of restriction enzymes Msp I and Hpa II have indicated hypermethylation of a cytosine residue within or proximal to the hp22 gene. Other differences in the restriction pattern between normal liver and hepatoma DNA were also detected with EcoRI and Ava I. Thus, in the nontranscribed form of this gene, the DNA has undergone covalent modification, distinguishing these two hepatomas from each other and from normal liver. PMID- 7015333 TI - Release of 7-methylguanine residues from alkylated DNA by extracts of Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. AB - Cell extracts from Micrococcus luteus release both free 3-methyladenine and free 7-methylguanine from alkylated DNA. The glycosylase activity responsible for the liberation of 7-methylguanine is not 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase, which, when purified, does not liberate it. Furthermore, the heat inactivation rates of the two enzymatic activities are different. The release of 7-methylguanine by chemical depurination of ethanol-soluble oligonucleotides has been ruled out. A similar activity releasing 7-methylguanine is also found in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7015335 TI - Metal cation influence on activity and regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase. AB - At saturating carbamoylphosphate and nonsaturating aspartate concentrations, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Gd3+ inhibit aspartate carbamoyltransferase (carbamoylphosphate:L-asparate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) from EScherichia coli. When nucleotide triphosphates are present, these inhibitory effects are displaced to higher concentrations of cation. At lower levels of cation and saturating carbamoylphosphate concentration, Mg2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Gd3+ partially relieve allosteric inhibition by GTP but have little influence on activation by ATP and inhibition by CTP. At nonsaturating carbamoylphosphate concentrations, however, Mg2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Gd3+ increase enzymatic activity to 170% over the level when GTP alone is present. In addition, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Al3+ show enhancement of ATP activation by 120-130% but only slight relief of CTP inhibition. We suggest that three modes of action by the metal can account for the observed kinetic behavior. (i) In the absence of nucleotide, metals inhibit catalytic activity either by a direct interaction with the enzyme or indirectly by complexing carbamoylphosphate. (ii) The metal nucleotide complex interacts allosterically with the enzyme to enhance enzymatic activity relative to that produced by the free nucleotide, as noted above. (iii) By chelating to nucleotides, the metal diminishes their tendency to bind competitively at the carbamoylphosphate portion of the active site, as shown particularly by experiments on the catalytic subunit. PMID- 7015336 TI - Molecular basis of valine resistance in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The relationship of valine resistance to the expression of the ilvGEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12 has been determined. DNA sequence and in vivo protein analyses indicate that in wild-type E. coli K-12 there is a frameshift site within the gene (ilvG) for valine resistance. The ilvG+2096 (formerly designated ilv02096) mutation displaces this frameshift site, resulting in the expression of ilvG and the relief of transcriptional polarity on the distal genes of this operon. Thus, the "ilv0" mutation, which concomitantly confers valine resistance and increased expression of the ilvEDA genes, is, in fact, the "reversion" of a polar site within the first structural gene of the ilvGEDA operon. PMID- 7015337 TI - Human insulin prepared by recombinant DNA techniques and native human insulin interact identically with insulin receptors. AB - Human insulin synthesized from A and B chains separately produced in Escherichia coli from cloned synthetic genes (prepared by the Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) was characterized by examining its interaction with human cultured lymphocytes, human circulating erythrocytes in vitro, and isolated rat fat cells. The binding behavior of the biosynthetic insulin with human cells was indistinguishable from that of native human or porcine insulins, with respect to affinity, association and dissociation kinetics, negative cooperativity, and the down-regulation of lymphocyte receptors. Similarly, the biosynthetic insulin was as potent as the native insulins in stimulating lipogenesis in isolated rat fat cells. We also examined the receptor binding characteristics of 125I-labeled human and porcine insulins monoiodinated solely at Tyr-A14, which were obtained by means of high-performance liquid chromatography of the iodination reaction mixture (this material was prepared by B. Frank, Eli Lilly Research Laboratories). In all aspects studied, the pure [TyrA14-125I]iodoinsulins were superior as tracers to the monoiodoinsulin purified by the more conventional method of gel filtration. PMID- 7015338 TI - Tritium exchange on transfer RNA: slowly exchanging protons sensitive to a change in the dihydrouridine stem. AB - Measurements of tritium exchange on tRNA were made for periods from 0.5 min to 8 hr after separation from labeled solvent. The exchange curve was analysed in terms of three kinetic classes of exchanging protons with half-lives of 5 hr (12 protons), 0.54 hr (37 protons) and about 3.5 min (58 protons) at 0 degrees C in 0.14 M K+/10 mM Mg2+. The behaviour under varying ionic conditions of protons in the slowest exchange class and of some protons in the intermediate class suggests that they are dependent on the tertiary structure of the molecule. Moreover, in the same range of exchange times characteristic of these latter protons, about 9 more protons were observed in the case of a mutant form of tRNA Trp, the UGA suppressor species, than in the wild-type tRNATrp. These two species differ only in base 24 in the dihydrouridine stem. This dynamic difference between the wild type and suppressor species may be related to a functionally important difference in coupling between the conformation of the molecule and interactions at the anticodon. PMID- 7015339 TI - Conformational activation of the yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic site induced by tRNAPhe interaction: triggering of adenosine or CpCpA trinucleoside diphosphate aminoacylation upon binding of tRNAPhe lacking these residues. AB - Adenosine or CpCpA trinucleoside diphosphate can be aminoacylated by phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase [L-phenylalanine:tRNAPhe ligase (AMP forming), EC 6.1.1.20] when the reaction takes place in the presence of tRNAPhe deprived of its 3' adenosine or pCpCpA terminus. This shows that, upon interaction with tRNA, a structural alteration of the enzyme's active site is achieved. This process may be a determining step in the specificity of the aminoacylation reaction. PMID- 7015340 TI - Identification of a second Escherichia coli groE gene whose product is necessary for bacteriophage morphogenesis. AB - Previous work has uncovered the existence of an Escherichia coli locus, groE, that is essential for bacterial growth, lambda phage and T4 phage head morphogenesis, and T5 phage tail assembly. Our genetic and biochemical analyses of lambda groE+ transducing phages and their deletion and point mutant derivatives show that the groE locus consists of two closely linked genes. One groE gene, groEL, has been shown to encode the synthesis of a 65,000 Mr polypeptide, whereas the second, groES, codes for the synthesis of a 15,000 Mr polypeptide. About half of the groE- bacterial isolates fall into the groES complementation group. GroE mutations in either gene cause similar phenotypes, with respect to lambda phage head morphogenesis and bacterial growth at nonpermissive temperatures. PMID- 7015341 TI - Isolation, culture, and immunocytochemical characterization of epididymal epithelial cells from pubertal and adult rats. AB - A method for the isolation and culture of epididymal epithelial cells obtained from pubertal and old adult rats is described. This method permits the establishment of primary cultures of these cells in monolayers from aggregates isolated from whole epididymides and major epididymal anatomical segments (caput, corpus, and cauda) after trypsin and collagenase digestions. A large number of cultured epididymal cells retain a differentiated function as demonstrated by the immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay finding of acidic epididymal glycoprotein, a spermatozoa-coating protein secreted by the principal cells of rat epididymis. The proliferative potential of cultured epididymal cells obtained from pubertal and old adult donors can be documented by [3H]thymidine labeling and mitotic indices without significant loss of gene expression for acidic epididymal glycoprotein. Results of this study demonstrate that epididymal epithelial cells, consisting of a predominant population of principal cells, can be isolated, cultured, and maintained for up to 3 months. PMID- 7015342 TI - Modulation of fertilization in vitro by peptides released during hamster sperm zona pellucida interaction. AB - The penetration of the zona-pellucida by hamster sperm in vitro (assay drops) was inhibited by aliquots of ultrafiltrates obtained from another set of drops (experimental drops) in which capacitated sperm had interacted with the surface of the zona pellucida. This inhibition was inversely related to the concentration of sperm in the assay drop, and it was noted that the inhibitory response declined when the gametes in the assay drop were incubated together beyond the standard 90-min period. Thus, inhibition was not irreversible. A number of criteria suggest that the inhibitory activity resides in at least some of the peptides (S1 factors) released at four different times after contact between the surfaces of the sperm and zona pellucida. Like the S1 factors, the substances responsible for the inhibitory activity of the supernatants, collected at 2 and 50 min after gamete combination, traversed ultrafilters with Mr cutoffs of 5000 and 2000, respectively, and were inactivated by subtilisin. In addition, the quantity of inhibitory material recovered in the ultrafiltrates from experimental drops containing various numbers of eggs was well correlated with the amount of 2 and 50-min S1 factors from similar experimental drops. These results suggest that the S1 factors are peptide modulators of the penetration process and it is speculated that one of their functions may be to prevent or at least to discourage polyspermic penetration of the hamster zona pellucida. PMID- 7015343 TI - A mutation downstream from the signal peptidase cleavage site affects cleavage but not membrane insertion of phage coat protein. AB - Morphogenesis of filamentous phage includes synthesis of the phage major coat protein in precursor form, its insertion into the host cell plasma membrane, its cleavage to the mature form of the protein, and its assembly there into virions. The M13 mutant am8H1R6 encodes a coat protein in which leucine replaces glutamic acid as residue 2 of the mature protein [Boeke, J. D., Russel, M. & Model, P. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 144, 103-116]. The coat protein precursor produced by this variant is a poor substrate for the Escherichia coli signal peptidase both in vivo and in vitro. This pre-coat protein, which is eventually processed and assembled into viable phage particles, is associated with the membrane fraction of the infected cell. We conclude that the domain recognized by the signal peptidase extends beyond the signal peptide itself. Furthermore, membrane association and signal peptide cleavage can be separated temporally under conditions that permit membrane insertion, cleavage, and phage assembly. PMID- 7015344 TI - Sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans and glycopeptides are synthesized by kidney in vivo and incorporated into glomerular basement membranes. AB - The biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and glycopeptides was studied in rat kidney cortex, glomeruli, and isolated glomerular basement membranes (GBM). Rats were given four intraperitoneal injections of [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine (over 10 hr) and sacrificed 14 hr after the last injection. Fractions of kidney glomeruli and purified GBM were prepared. The percent of the label incorporated into specific GAG or into glycopeptides was determined by selective degradative techniques in conjunction with gel filtration chromatography using the methods of Hart [Hart, G. W. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 6513-6521; Hart, G. W. (1978) Dev. Biol. 62, 78-98]. After digestion with Pronase and chromatography on Sephadex G-50, approximately 68% of the total (35)S radioactivity and 10-15% of the total (3)H radioactivity incorporated into cortex, glomeruli, or GBM was found in the GAG fraction, and the remainder ( approximately 32% of (35)S radioactivity and 85-90% of the (3)H radioactivity) was found in glycopeptide fractions. Treatment of GAG fractions isolated from the three sources (cortex, glomeruli, and GBM) with nitrous acid (which degrades heparan sulfates) indicated that the majority (85%, 65%, and 87%) of the (35)S radioactivity as well as the majority (60%, 50%, and 91%) of the (3)H radioactivity from all three sources was degraded by this treatment. When nitrous acid-resistant GAG from GBM were subjected to digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (which degrades hyaluronic acid), approximately 6% of the (3)H labeled material was sensitive to this treatment. The remaining (35)S- and (3)H labeled GAG isolated from GBM were digested with chondroitinase ABC (which degrades chondroitin sulfates A and C and dermatan sulfate). Although the ratios of the types of GAG synthesized by all three sources were similar, in GBM the ratios of (35)S- to (3)H-labeled GAG and of (3)H-labeled glycopeptides to (3)H labeled GAG were higher (2.5 times) than those found for glomeruli. The data demonstrate the synthesis of both sulfated and nonsulfated GAG by rat kidney cortex and glomeruli and their transport to and incorporation into the GBM. Heparan sulfate is the major GAG synthesized by glomeruli, but the glomeruli also synthesize smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfates, which are in part incorporated into GBM. In addition, the renal cortex and the glomeruli synthesize glycopeptides, some of which are sulfated, and incorporate them into GBM. PMID- 7015345 TI - Evidence that rnmB is the operator of the Escherichia coli recA gene. AB - rnmB281 leads to high constitutive levels of recA protein such that no increase after UV-inducing treatment occurs. The mutation maps in or near the portion of recA corresponding to the NH2-terminal end of the protein. Examination of the recA proteins from rnmB+ recA-/rnmB281 recA+ heterozygotes suggests that both rnmB alleles are cis-acting and codominant. This is the behavior expected from alleles of a regulatory gene such as an operator or promoter of recA. The possibility that rnmB mutations occur in the promoter of recA. The possibility that rnmB mutations occur in the promoter of recA, though not ruled out, seems unlikely based on the structure of the regulatory region of recA. This suggests that rnmB mutations are operator constitutive mutations of the recA gene and should be called recAo mutations. The UV-irradiation responses of recAo+ and recAo281 strains, both recA+, are compared and inferences are drawn about the roles of large amounts of recA protein in producing the responses. PMID- 7015346 TI - Studies of a human T lymphocyte antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody (designated L17F12) detects an antigen present on 95-100% of human peripheral T lymphocytes, the majority of thymocytes, and acute lymphocytic leukemia T cells but not B cells, B-cell lines, or monocytes. Examination of frozen tissue sections by the immunoperoxidase method revealed that the cells expressing this antigen were found predominantly in the medulla of thymus and in T-cell zones of lymph node and spleen. The antigen recognized by L17F12 was associated with a cell-surface glycoprotein of 67,000 daltons. L17F12 was used to isolate this molecule from human thymocytes, normal peripheral T cells, leukemic T cells, and T-cell lines. Expression of this antigen on normal T cells was not diminished by prolonged exposure in vitro to various T-cell stimuli. In the absence of complement, L17F12 bound to T cells without altering proliferative functions, thus enabling rapid purification of functionally intact T cells. In the presence of complement, L17F12 was cytolytic for T cells, providing the basis for depletion of T cells from heterogeneous populations. These data suggest that the monoclonal antibody L17F12 recognizes a specific T cell differentiation protein. This antibody will be useful in studies of the human immune system. PMID- 7015347 TI - Complementation of the plaque-forming cell responses of T-cell-deficient nude mice by a T-cell hybridoma. AB - Spleen cells from NFR/N mice primed with carrier rabbit erythrocytes were passed through nylon wool and fused with cells from the AKR T-cell lymphoma BW5147 in order to construct functional T-cell hybridomas. Several hybrids have been obtained. One of the cloned hybrids possesses a marked capacity to functionally complement the T-cell-dependent hapten-specific plaque-forming cell responses of NFR/N nude mice to the trinitrophenyl group. The hybrids carry the Thy 1 marker of the immune parent, express the Lyt 1 surface marker, possess Fc receptors at their surface, and express an Ig heavy-chain variable region determinant at their surfaces as detected by anti-VH MOPC 315 antiserum. PMID- 7015348 TI - Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosamine from its precursors by Candida albicans. AB - Previous studies in Linxian, an area of China with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma, showed that fungal infections are common in the esophageal epithelium of patients with either premalignant changes or early esophageal carcinoma. Fungi of the genus Candida were the most frequent invaders. In these areas nitrate and nitrite are often present in high concentrations in drinking water and staple grains. The present studies have established the ability of Candida albicans to augment the nitrosative formation of the esophagus-specific carcinogen, benzylmethylnitrosamine (NBMA; N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine). Stationary C. albicans cultures, with pH held at 6.8, were incubated with the precursors of NBMA, benzylmethylamine (BMA; N-methylbenzylamine) and NaNO(2). There was a significant increase in the amount of NBMA formed in these cultures, compared to precursors-only controls. The amount of NBMA synthesized depended on fungal cell number. Exponentially growing cultures were also able to cause NBMA formation. The identity of the NBMA was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatographic coelution with authentic NBMA in three solvent systems and by mass spectroscopy. Boiled cells and conditioned medium in which cells had been incubated were not effective in enhancing nitrosation. Cultured Candida released acidic metabolites that reduced the pH of the medium when only a low concentration of buffer was present. Spontaneous nitrosation of BMA was enhanced under these acidic conditions. Thus, C. albicans infecting the esophageal epithelium could cause local formation of NBMA by both cell-mediated catalysis and extracellular decrease in pH. PMID- 7015349 TI - Enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay for insulin using laser fluorimetric detection. AB - Human serum samples are assayed for insulin by an enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay. Horseradish peroxidase is used as an enzyme label for antibody, and enzyme activity is measured by means of the fluorogenic substrate, p hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The product is detected by excitation of fluorescence with the 325-nm line of a continuous-wave helium/cadmium ion laser on line with reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The incubation period is 90 min and the limit of detection of insulin is 30 pM, corresponding to 5 microunits/ml. This method correlates highly with radioimmunoassay, with coefficient of correlation r = 0.95. PMID- 7015351 TI - Attenuation of isoproterenol-stimulated plasma renin activity by chronic estrogen treatment. PMID- 7015352 TI - The effect of bacterial infection on granulopoiesis. PMID- 7015353 TI - Humoral immune response of kidney transplant recipients to pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 7015350 TI - Cardiovascular, renal, and humoral effects of applying local anesthetic to the atria of conscious dogs. PMID- 7015355 TI - Recent advances made in investigating the molecular structure of collagens. PMID- 7015354 TI - Utilization of mouse stem cell-depleted marrow in the study of diffusion chamber myelopoiesis. PMID- 7015356 TI - The evolution of connective tissue. Phylogenetic distribution and modifications during development. PMID- 7015357 TI - Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for collagen separation. PMID- 7015358 TI - Collagen polymorphism in relation to the role of collagen-induced platelet aggregation in haemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 7015360 TI - Pharmacological control of inflammatory connective tissue diseases. AB - The primary cause of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases in unknown. Microbial infection combined with an increased susceptibility due to genetically determined alterations in the immune system is probably of importance. Non specific processes of inflammation and repair are the immediate causes of the clinical symptoms, and anti-inflammatory therapy is at present the corner stone in the control of these diseases. The highest priority in research should be given to drugs, which in controlled clinical trials have demonstrated ability to cause remission of disease activity. Important examples are D-penicillamine, glucocorticoids and the cytostatic drugs. The effects of these drugs on the metabolism of proteoglycans and collagen in granulation tissue and normal connective tissue may explain some of the beneficial effects, but also some of the side effects. Rational pharmacotherapy in the inflammatory rheumatic diseases may be a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs with immunotherapy and possibly antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7015359 TI - The myofibroblast: a key cell for wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. PMID- 7015361 TI - Pharmacology of collagen. PMID- 7015363 TI - Structural glycoproteins and other connective tissue proteins. PMID- 7015362 TI - Elastin: molecular and supramolecular structure. PMID- 7015364 TI - Structural glycoproteins of connective tissue. PMID- 7015365 TI - Recent advances in the biochemistry of hyaluronic acid in cartilage. PMID- 7015367 TI - Metabolic and sympatho-adrenal abnormalities in the obese Zucker rat: effect of chronic phenoxybenzamine treatment. AB - The obese Zucker rat manifests a number of physiologic and metabolic abnormalities which are controlled or modulated by the sympatho-adrenal system. The interrelationship of these was examined by subjecting 3-4 month old male, homozygous lean and obese Zucker rats to various stresses which are known to activate the sympatho-adrenal system, and by chronic (16-19 days) phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) treatment to block alpha-adrenergic receptors. Both obese and lean PBZ treated rats gained only 1% and 10% of the body weight of their respective control rats during the treatment period, while only the lean rats had a significant reduction (20%) in food intake. Control obese rats failed to maintain rectal temperature after 4 hr at 7 degrees C and their relative output of plasma catecholamines (CA) to cold stress, as measured from indwelling atrial cannulae, was decreased. PBZ treatment did not alter this rectal temperature response although it was associated with increased baseline norepinephrine levels (at ambient temperature 21-22 degrees C) and relative output of CA in the obese rats, suggesting tat sympathetic neural activity was increased under these circumstances. No abnormalities of sympatho-adrenal function, as reflected in plasma CA levels, were found in treated or control obese rats immobilization for 1 hr followed by decapitation. Simultaneously obtained baseline plasma glucose levels were similar in untreated lean and obese rats, but insulin and glycerol levels in the obese rat were 1350% and 213% of lean values, respectively. During sequential stresses, the obese rats became markedly hyperglycemic and hyperglycerolemic compared to the lean rats, while insulin levels were decreased more in the obese than lean rats (12-15% versus 34-35% of controls, respectively). PBZ affected insulin levels only in the obese rats, reducing their baseline levels by 4-fold and stressed induced levels to those seen in the lean control rats. These results suggest that some of the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities of the obese Zucker rat which are modulated by the sympatho-adrenal system can be normalized by procedures which increase sympatho-adrenal activity. PMID- 7015366 TI - L-5-Hydroxytryptophan-induced drinking in rats: possible mechanisms for induction. AB - Administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (25 mg/kg body weight, SC) to female rats resulted in copious drinking. The dipsogenic response to administration of L-5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) was blocked by propranolol (6 mg/kg body weight, IP), a beta-adrenergic antagonist, and captopril (35 mg/kg body weight, IP), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. In addition, clonidine (12.5 and 25 microgram/kg body weight, IP), a central alpha-adrenergic agonist known to inhibit renin release, attenuated drinking during 1, 2 and 3 hours after 5-HTP was administered. These results suggest that 5-HTP-induced drinking is mediated by way of the renin-angiotensin system. Haloperidol (150 microgram/kg body weight, IP), a dopaminergic antagonist, also attenuated the dipsogenic response to administration of 5-HTP. In addition, incremental reductions in 5-HTP-induced drinking with increasing doses of spiperone (37.5 to 150 microgram/kg body weight, IP), a more potent dopaminergic antagonist, were demonstrated. Thus, the dipsogenic response to administration of 5-HTP to rats is dependent on both the renin-angiotensin system and an intact dopaminergic pathway. PMID- 7015368 TI - [Production and characterization of a soluble ocrase-polyacrylamide preparation (author's transl)]. AB - Using the carbodiimide procedure, ocrase, a proteinase isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus, has been bonded to a water-soluble acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer and isolated by gel filtration. Binding to the high-molecular polymer had implications for the kinetics of the cleavage of the ethyl ester of benzoyl-L arginine by this proteinase, and for the reaction of the latter with synthetic and natural inhibitors. PMID- 7015369 TI - [News of the discovery of acids in organic material by C.W. Scheele (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to a critical publication by F. Ehrhardt (1780), the author presents and analyses all documents concerning the discovery of tartaric, oxalic and phosphoric acids in animal earth (from bones or hartshorn, Cornu cervi). Furthermore, he dates Scheele's manuscripts Nos 22 to 41 from Oseen's collection, and draws conclusions as to Scheele's studies on fluorspar and to Scheele's acquaintance (1770) with J.G. Gahn and T. Bergman. PMID- 7015370 TI - [The biography of university professor Dr. Franz Lehmann]. PMID- 7015371 TI - Pharmacology of bradykinin and related kinins. PMID- 7015372 TI - The D vitamins and bone. PMID- 7015373 TI - Assay of estrogens. PMID- 7015375 TI - The pain relief clinic. PMID- 7015374 TI - Excretion of drugs during postnatal development. PMID- 7015376 TI - Clinical aspects of photochemotherapy. PMID- 7015377 TI - Evaluation of geriatric patients with special reference to clinical trials of so called nootropic drugs. I. General considerations and screening. AB - This article, the first in a series, reviews some well-known difficulties involved in the assessment and evaluation of elderly patients. The various aims of assessment proper and of evaluation are delineated and a clear description of the specific purposes of assessment of the elderly is presented. These can differ considerably from the assessment aims for younger persons, for whom the tests were developed, thereby placing the use of traditional psychometric devices with the elderly in a doubtful position. An individualized, ecologically relevant approach is therefore suggested as an alternative. This position is further supported by the evidence that few of the standard psychometric criteria - validity, reliability, and representative reference groups - are met when standardized psychometric instruments are used with an older population. Evaluation of treatment effects, particularly drug effects, is elaborated with this evidence in mind, and the screening process is analyzed in terms of the special demands the characteristics of elderly subjects make on it. Later articles will also address the evaluation of treatment effects, concentrating on the selection of specific procedures and the assessment of baseline behavior and behavior change. PMID- 7015379 TI - Plasma catecholamines and renin during operant blood pressure conditioning in baboons. PMID- 7015378 TI - Ingestive behavior in adult rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7015380 TI - Dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions at weaning and ovariectomy after maturity: somatic and metabolic changes. PMID- 7015381 TI - Influence of early maternal deprivation on adult humoral immune response in mice. PMID- 7015382 TI - The maternal pheromone of the rat: identity and functional significance. PMID- 7015383 TI - The technology of self-control. PMID- 7015384 TI - Development of care for the mentally ill. PMID- 7015385 TI - The role of the physiotherapist in an addiction unit. PMID- 7015387 TI - An improved method of suturing the donor site in hair transplant surgery. AB - An improved method of closing punch graft donor sites for the hair transplants is described. This method leaves an inconspicuous line scar and is suitable for almost all cases. PMID- 7015386 TI - A rare case of severe bilateral ectropion from scleroderma. AB - A case of ectropion arising as a result of facial scleroderma is presented. This is the first such case reported. Problems and techniques of surgical management are discussed. PMID- 7015388 TI - How topical dressings salvage "questionable" flaps: experimental study. PMID- 7015389 TI - A new device for free skin grafting in rats. AB - We have employed this device in more than 200 grafting operations with complete success. Its advantage is to avoid the variation of fixing pressure on the grafts that greatly interferes with the experimental results. In addition, this method allows us to inspect the graft during the first week without having to remove the protector each time, which helped us greatly. We have presented a new device for skin grafting in rats that allows us to obtain temporary stabilization and protection of a skin graft. In addition, it allows us to inspect the graft without having to remove the protector. PMID- 7015390 TI - [Method of adoption in the genetic analysis of schizophrenic psychoses. Critical review]. PMID- 7015391 TI - [Subject and form in the paintings and drawings by schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7015392 TI - [Scopolamine in cholinolytic treatment]. PMID- 7015393 TI - Neuroendocrinology of depression--a discussion [proceedings]. PMID- 7015395 TI - Factors which affect antidepressant drug responses in a multicenter controlled trial [proceedings]. PMID- 7015397 TI - Novel antidepressants: a clinical trial of mianserin [proceedings]. PMID- 7015394 TI - Efficacy of desipramine in mildly depressed patients: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial [proceedings]. PMID- 7015398 TI - Methadone and morphine in depression [proceedings]. PMID- 7015399 TI - Second generation antidepressants: a clinical pharmacotherapeutic research strategy [proceedings]. PMID- 7015396 TI - Lithium and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II depression: a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison [proceedings]. PMID- 7015400 TI - Psychotherapy for medically ill patients: review and critique of controlled studies. PMID- 7015402 TI - The National Health Survey--in the beginning. PMID- 7015403 TI - Physical principles of membrane organization. PMID- 7015404 TI - The biophysics of ligand-receptor interactions. PMID- 7015405 TI - Free-energy dissipation constraints on the accuracy of enzymatic selections. PMID- 7015401 TI - Impotence in diabetes: an overview. PMID- 7015406 TI - Quantum mechanical tunnelling in biological systems. PMID- 7015407 TI - Gnathologic tooth preparation (VI). PMID- 7015408 TI - Retention of precision attachment prostheses. PMID- 7015409 TI - Some biochemical consequences of the spatial distribution of ionizing radiation produced free radicals. PMID- 7015410 TI - Cellular electron transfer and radical mechanisms for drug metabolism. PMID- 7015411 TI - Oxygen sensitization of mammalian cells under different irradiation conditions. PMID- 7015412 TI - Radiobiological studies of cells in multicellular spheroids using a sequential trypsinization technique. PMID- 7015413 TI - Historic milestones of electrotherapy and cardiac pacing. PMID- 7015414 TI - Temporary cardiac pacing: applications and techniques in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7015415 TI - Hepatitis B virus surface antigen production in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7015416 TI - Prostacyclin does not affect insulin secretion in humans. AB - The effects of Prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance were investigated in 7 healthy subjects. PGI2 infusion caused no statistically significant changes of either glucose or insulin concentration, over the range 2.5-20 ng/Kg/min. A constant PGI2 infusion (10 ng/Kg/min) did not inhibit acute insulin responses to a glucose (20 g i.v.) pulse (response before PGI2 = 612 +/- 307%; during PGI2 = 515 +/- 468%, mean +/- SD, mean change 3-5 min insulin, % basal; P=NS). Glucose disappearance rates were similar after the first and second glucose pulse. Thus, in contrast to PGE2, PGI2 does not affect insulin secretion nor glucose disposal at doses producing platelet and vascular changes. It is hypothesized that an altered PGI2/PGE2 balance in diabetes may represent a link between vascular, platelet and metabolic changes. PMID- 7015417 TI - The ability of vascular tissue to produce prostacyclin decreases with age. AB - The ability of aortae from young and mature swine to produce prostacyclin (PGI2) has been determined. PGI2 was measured as its hydration product, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and assayed by stable isotope dilution GCMS. There was no significant difference in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production between intimal strips from young and mature aortae in the basal state. In the presence of saturating concentrations of arachidonic acid, however, intimal strips from young aortae synthesized twice as much 6-keto-PFG1 alpha as did older tissues. Fatty acid compositions of young and mature aortae were virtually identical, making dietary difference an unlikely explanation for the age-related decrease in PGI2 synthesis. Both young and mature vascular tissues produced essentially only PGI2; insignificant amounts of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were found. PMID- 7015419 TI - [Siegfried Bernfeld: historian of psychoanalysis and Freud biographer]. PMID- 7015418 TI - Respiratory movements alter the generation of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in isolated rat lungs: the influence of arachidonic acid-pathway inhibitors on the ratio between pulmonary prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. AB - The influence of hyperventilation on the spontaneous generation of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by isolated rat lungs was studied. Both prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, as measured by RIA of their stable end-products, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 respectively, were continuously released into the perfusate. However, the concentration of prostacyclin in the perfusate was higher than thromboxane A2. Under normal ventilation at a rate 40-50 breaths/min, the ratio between these two compounds was 5:1. Increasing the rate of respiration to 100 breaths/min preferentially stimulated the release of prostacyclin. During hyperventilation stimulated release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Hydroperoxy-fatty acids and tranylcypromine inhibited only the release of prostacyclin but did not affect the generation of thromboxane A2. Our findings confirm that the lung generates prostacyclin predominantly, and provide direct evidence that respiratory movements are involved in generation of pulmonary prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. PMID- 7015421 TI - [3 early psychological articles by Sigmund Freud]. PMID- 7015420 TI - [Freud's earliest theories and the Helmholtz School (1944)]. PMID- 7015422 TI - Sequential use of the PAP and immunogold staining method for the light microscopical double staining of tissue antigens. AB - Double immunoperoxidase staining using different couplers can give various combinations of colours on a single tissue section to achieve a comparable picture of different antigens. However, the colour combinations achieved to date are not entirely satisfactory. A double immunostaining procedure is introduced here, combining the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) and immunogold staining (IGS) methods. The IGS method is a new, simple, sensitive and reliable approach to immunostaining at the light microscopic level. It was carried out in three ways. Firstly, a two-step method was used in which the second layer was goat anti rabbit IgG absorbed onto gold particles (GAR/Au20). Secondly, a three-step method was employed where the second layer was unlabelled goat anti-rabbit IgG and the third layer was a rabbit antibody to peroxidase absorbed onto the gold particles (RAP/Au20) and acting as a gold-labelled IgG antigen. The third method combined the first two methods using GAR/Au20 as th second layer and RAP/Au20 as the third layer which increased the amount of bound gold and enhanced the red colour, providing a better picture. The use of gold-labelled antibodies in double immunostaining has great potential value for many studies including that of the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the gut. PMID- 7015423 TI - [Intestinal urinary diversion: physiopathology and x-rays investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015424 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation in Mycobacterium lepraemurium]. AB - The generation of ATP by cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium lepraemurium isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Cell-free preparations catalyzed phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of NADH and succinate yielding P/O ratios of 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. Ascorbate oxidation did not result in ATP formation. The oxidative phosphorylation was uncoupled by 2,4- dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol. Phosphate esterification coupled to NADH oxidation was inhibited by rotenone which had no effect on ATP synthesis associated with succinate oxidation. Antimycin A and cyanide completely inhibited phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of NADH or succinate. PMID- 7015425 TI - A review of clinical studies of bestatin. AB - Bestatin has no clinical toxicity. It increases the number of T cells and enhances NK cell activity. The optimal dose of bestatin was thought to range from 30-100 mg/day/body, and 200 mg/day/body often decreased T-cell number. The clinical effects were as follows: 1) Bestatin alone: possible cure in one case of residual penile tumor after bleomycin treatment; marked regression in two cases of skin metastasis of mammary carcinoma. 2) Radiation and bestatin: complete regression in three cases of Virchow's nodes. 3) Pepleomycin and bestatin: complete regression in one case of metastatic skin adenocarcinoma. 4) Possible favorable effect of bestatin against esophageal carcinoma in combination with radiation and bleomycin. PMID- 7015426 TI - Tumor-necrotizing serum production by administration of BCG + Pseudomonas: its application in treatment of fibrosarcoma in mice. AB - A Pseudomonas aeruginosa (i.v.) treatment (10(8) killed organisms) has shown the capacity to induce the release of tumor-necrotizing factor in the serum of BCG pretreated mice to the same extent as an LPS treatment. Lower doses of P. aeruginosa (10(7) killed organisms) were applied in BCG-pretreated mice (1 mg given IV 7 days prior to or 1 day after tumor graft) bearing a methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma. In both cases this combined treatment significantly delayed tumor growth without a toxic side effect. PMID- 7015427 TI - Mechanistic approaches to new nitrosourea development. AB - Because of their broad range of effectiveness against experimental tumors in rodents, nitrosoureas could have a greater potential against human cancer than has so far been achieved with these agents. Greater effectiveness against human cancer might be attained from an understanding of the mechanisms by which these drugs kill cells. Some clues to possible mechanisms have been obtained and can be pursued using existing experimental techniques. The most promising leads center on the chemical effects of nitrosoureas on DNA. Several types of nitrosourea induced DNA damage have been identified, including interstrand crosslinks, DNA protein crosslinks and single-strand breaks. These DNA lesions can be sensitively measured in mammalian cells by the alkaline elution technique. The experimental results so far support the idea that cell killing is related to the formation and repair of DNA lesions. Antitumor activity would then depend on differences in sensitivity of neoplastic versus normal cells in regard to certain types of DNA damage and/or differences in the ability to repair this damage. PMID- 7015428 TI - Selected anticancer drugs in Phase I trials in the United States (1979--1980). AB - Phase I trials in 1979 include some drugs representing totally new structures, new schedules of old compounds undergoing reevaluation, and second generation compounds. The rational development of analogs based on structure-activity relationships and on overcoming pharmacologic or toxicologic problems of parent compounds requires much future emphasis; two such examples (pentamethylmelamine and AZQ) are cited here. For all drugs, a plan of clinical development should ensure a more thorough initial evaluation as well as validation of concepts and systems that have prompted their introduction into the clinic. Establishment of clinical usefulness for the new structures, and particularly for three compounds herein reintroduced after a long period of oblivion, would constitute tangible proof of methodological and technological advances that have taken place in the development and clinical evaluation of anticancer drugs. PMID- 7015429 TI - A review of clinical studies on bestatin, 1976--1978. PMID- 7015430 TI - Adjuvant studies in gastric cancer in the United States. AB - Early optimism for the chemotherapeutic augmentation of standard surgical treatment of gastric cancer has thus far generally not come to pass. First attempts to destroy circulating cancer cells in small metastatic foci by giving drugs at the completion of operation and in the immediate postoperative period were disappointing. Numerous large cooperative groups and individual institutions are now studying drugs and drug combinations in various treatment regimens and have introduced the use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in an effort to improve long-term survival following surgical resection of gastric cancer. Resurgence of interest in surgical adjuvant studies, and especially recent encouraging results from drug and immunotherapy, generates optimism that the theoretical potential of this approach to cancer control may soon be realized. PMID- 7015431 TI - Preliminary results of a United States-Japan cooperative trial in patients with disseminated gastric cancer. PMID- 7015432 TI - Combination chemotherapy of head and neck cancer in the United States. PMID- 7015433 TI - High-dose methotrexate and cis-platinum in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer. PMID- 7015434 TI - Sport and colonial education: a cultural perspective. PMID- 7015436 TI - [The allogeneic liver transplantation. I. Morphological and functional patterns in pig liver allografts (author's transl)]. AB - Pigs usually reject MHC incompatible liver allografts less aggressively than skin or kidney allografts. Orthotopic liver allografts can survive undefinitely without any immunosuppression. The liver is considered to be an immunologically privileged organ. Despite this phenomenon, morphological changes and deranged liver function due to rejection reaction are regularly seen; their intensity depends on the histocompatibility antigen disparity between donor and recipient. In long-term survivors the continuous exposure of the recipient's immune system to the liver allograft results in an increasing fibrosis which can turn into liver cirrhosis being considered as the result of chronic rejection. The cholestasis represents a remarkable feature, which is mainly due to perfusion, infection and immunological reaction. PMID- 7015435 TI - [Effects of uric acid on the B cell in the isolated perfused rat pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Methylxanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, show effects increasing the secretion of insulin. Perfusion experiments were intended to find out whether insulin secretion is influenced by uric acid, which is chemically closely related. Besides, it was to be demonstrated that uric acid causes no damages to islet cell structures for it is well established that alloxan, which is chemically related to uric acid, produces necroses in B cells. Isolated rat pancreata were stimulated by glucose at concentrations of 100 mg/100 ml and 300 mg/100 ml. In part of the experiments uric acid was added to the perfusion medium at a concentration of 12 mg/100 ml. We found that uric acid has no influence on insulin secretion if it is stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 100 mg/100 ml. However, if B cells are stimulated by glucose at a concentration of 300 mg/100 ml insulin secretion is enhanced by the addition of uric acid by more than 100%. This indicates that this substance exhibits a glucose-potentiating effect. The characteristic dynamics of insulin secretion demonstrate together with light- and electron-microscopic investigations that uric acid causes a real additional secretion and no leaking of intracellular insulin as a result of destruction of islet cell structures by an effect of uric acid similar to that of alloxan. PMID- 7015437 TI - [Nutritive effects of an intestinal alpha-glucosidases-inhibition in rats (author's transl)]. AB - In a balance trial the effect of different dietary doses of the alpha glucosidases-inhibitor Bay g5421 on nutrient digestibility and N-balance was tested with rats. The supplements of 30, 90 and 210 mg Bay g5421 per kg of feed reduced the digestibility of starch plus sucrose by 2, 16 and 27%. The protein digestibility decreased by 5, 14 and 19%. This shows that for the organism 3, 13 and 24% less digestible energy was available. The excretion of the urinary energy was not influenced in the different groups. The elevated fecal N excretion with the supplements of 30 and 90 mg Bay g5421 per kg of feed was compensated by a lower N-excretion in the urine. At the dose level of 210 mg Bay g5421 N balance was diminished. PMID- 7015438 TI - [Proteolytic lung emphysema and obstructive airway disease (author's transl)]. AB - Inhalation of papain by dogs produced morphological changes corresponding to a centrolobular emphysema. The papain inhalation also induced a purulent catarrhal bronchitis. However, the functional changes seen in chronic obstructive bronchitis were not observed. During papain inhalation an increased sensitivity of the bronchial systems develops corresponding to a tremendous increase in bronchospasm in response to Acetylcholine aerosol. The parenchymal lung tissue in dogs is more vulnerable in developing emphysema after papain exposure than is teh bronchial system in developing a chronic obstructive airway disease. PMID- 7015440 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of skin biopsies of healthy skin in bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7015439 TI - Biology of Chlamydia. PMID- 7015441 TI - [Special issue in honor of Dr. Renee Denolin-Reubens]. PMID- 7015442 TI - [Heparin in therapeutics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015443 TI - [Clinical significance of serum ferritin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015444 TI - [The role of prostacycline, thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins in platelet aggregation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015445 TI - [Prophylactic treatment of meningeal leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015446 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015447 TI - [The role of the scintigraphic image in infectious renal pathology]. PMID- 7015448 TI - [Hyperosmolar coma in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 7015449 TI - [Survey of the activities of the Hygiene Laboratories of the Ernest Malvoz Provincial Institute in 1979]. PMID- 7015450 TI - [In memorium. Henri Fredericq (11 June 1887 - 11 December 1980)]. PMID- 7015451 TI - [Mechanical procedure of respiratory assistance in the patient with thoracic injuries]. PMID- 7015452 TI - [Effect of a bacterial lysate (Broncho-Vaxom) in the therapy of chronic bronchitis: multi-center double-blind clinical trial]. PMID- 7015454 TI - [Early somatosensory evoked potentials: a means of investigation of the lemniscal pathways (author's transl)]. AB - The recording of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) elicited by stimulation of the median nerve is a non painful and non invasive mean to investigate the function of the different levels of the lemniscal pathways: peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia, dorsal funiculi, brainstem, thalamus, and somesthetic cortex. Recording technique, normative data in adults and abnormalities due to neurological diseases are reviewed. This investigation appears to be of peculiar interest in lesions of dorsal roots, cervical spinal cord and brainstem. SEP's recording may also be helpful for the functional testing of the somesthetic pathways in patients with disorders of consciousness. PMID- 7015455 TI - [French Society of Neurology. List of members (1981)]. PMID- 7015453 TI - [Controlled double-blind study of the clinical equivalent of two posologic regimens of Hydergine: 1 x 4,5mg compared to 3 x 1,5mg per day]. PMID- 7015456 TI - Walther Wildbrandt (1907-1979). PMID- 7015457 TI - Energetics of muscular exercise. PMID- 7015458 TI - Lung water balance. PMID- 7015459 TI - The intestinal response to vitamin D. PMID- 7015460 TI - [Evolution of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7015462 TI - Crown & bridge and adult orthodontics. A rationale for saving roots. PMID- 7015461 TI - Computer-assisted interpretation of electro- and vectorcardiograms. Chapter IV. Achievements in the field of computer-assisted interpretation of electrocardiograms. AB - The most important advantage of computer-assisted ECG/VCG interpretation in our center is the enhancement of the diagnostic accuracy of ECG interpretation, as compared to that reported in the literature for the visual analysis of ECGs and VCGs. Favourable side effects are also obtained from the optimization of various functions involved n ECG data processing, like data handling, editing, reporting, storage and retrieval. Improvement of the arrhythmia program and creation of a new pediatric VCG program are currently in progress in our laboratory. Computerized electrocardiography has made us aware of the limitations of conventional, visual reading of electrocardiograms. Thanks to the current efforts towards standardization of the quantitative analysis of ECGs and VCGs and towards optimization of diagnostic criteria, computerized electrocardiography will undoubtedly lead to a generalized improved accuracy of ECG interpretation. PMID- 7015463 TI - Crown and bridge partial coverage castings. Restoration and prevention. PMID- 7015464 TI - The American Red Cross - a centennial year. PMID- 7015465 TI - [Syphilis (current state of the immunological diagnostic technic)]. PMID- 7015466 TI - [Diagnosis of viral diseases (demonstration of specific antibodies of the IgM class)]. PMID- 7015467 TI - [Determination of HBsAg]. PMID- 7015468 TI - [X-ray examination of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - Recent technical advances in X-ray examination of the breast are characterized by the introduction of dose-reducing image-recording systems (film-screen systems) and grid-mammography. Improved "high-resolution" film-screen systems in conjunction with grid technique have rendered it possible to obtain high-quality mammograms with significant dose reduction. Other modifications of mammographic imaging technique, such as new selective filter techniques, magnification mammography and electron radiography (XERG-mammography), are of less importance for practical mammography. PMID- 7015469 TI - [Pure erythrocytosis]. PMID- 7015470 TI - Are animal models suitable for the study of ischemic heart disease? PMID- 7015471 TI - Data concerning the foundation of the Romanian Society of Hematology. PMID- 7015472 TI - [Biogeography, origin and distribution of Triatominae domicile dispersal in Brazil]. PMID- 7015473 TI - Ethics of experiments involving human subjects. PMID- 7015474 TI - A pioneer in Norwegian gastroenterology has died (Lars S Semb). PMID- 7015475 TI - The association between plasma GIP and insulin after oral glucose. AB - The correlation between the peripheral concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), insulin, and glucose has not previously been quantified. This paper describes the association among the peripheral concentrations of GIP, insulin and glucose during 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in healthy volunteers and in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and uremia. It was found that the correlation between insulin/glucose and plasma GIP concentrations during an OGTT can be expressed by the equation: log y = log a + bx, where y = [insulin]/[glucose], and x is the plasma GIP concentration. This empirical correlation between [insulin]/[glucose] and [GIP] reduces the plasma parameters measured during OGTT to a simple relationship. It may prove valuable in the analysis of differences in the relationship glucose-insulin-GIP between groups of subjects and in the description of alterations in glucose homeostasis longitudinally in individuals undergoing therapy. PMID- 7015476 TI - The effect of a 34-h fast on the meal-induced rises in plasma GIP, serum insulin, and blood glucose in man. AB - The meal-induced rises in plasma GIP, serum insulin, and blood glucose were studied after an overnight fast and after a 34-h fast in six healthy men. After the 34-h fast, the postprandial mean plasma GIP level at 120 min and the mean serum insulin and blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min were significantly higher than those seen after the overnight fast. PMID- 7015477 TI - Granulocyte progenitor compartments after allogeneic bone marrow grafts. AB - Bone marrow granulocyte colony forming cells (CFU-C) were measured in HLA compatible sibling donor-recipient pairs. The regeneration of granulocytes and CFU-C compartments were also studied in order to evaluate haemopoietic recovery. The number of nucleated bone marrow cells in the donation was 23 +/- 4 X 10 cells, which recipients received (3.5 +/- 0.4) X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg and (1.19 +/- 0.32) X 10(5) CFU-C/kg. This produced a bone marrow reconstitution of (67 +/- 26) X 10(5) CFU-C/kg by day 30. There was a significant correlation between CFU-C/kg and (1) granulocyte count on day 30 (P equal less than 0.05) and (2) the first day of reappearance of neutrophils in the blood (P equal less than 0.05). These results indicate that the speed and completeness of granulocyte regeneration can be predicted by measurement of the size of the CFU-C inoculant in the bone marrow graft. PMID- 7015478 TI - Spontaneous (H)-thymidine uptake in histological subgroups of human B-cell lymphomas. AB - Spontaneous (3H)-TdR incorporation was studied in cell suspensions from 64 patients with monoclonal B-cell neoplasias. Among various incubation periods a long-term (20 h) assay with (3H)-TdR had the greatest discriminatory power versus non-neoplastic lymph node cell suspensions. The (3H)-TdR uptake correlated positively with cell volume, nuclear volume, and cells in S + G + M phase of the cell cycle. A high degree of heterogeneity with regard to (3H)-TdR incorporation was found within several histological groups of the Kiel classification, especially in low-grade malignant lymphomas of centroblastic/centrocytic origin and in the lymphoplasmacytoid groups. In highly malignant lymphomas (3H)-TdR uptake was statistically, significantly higher than in lymphomas of low-grade malignancy. Patients with localized disease (stages I and II) and those with "B' symptoms showed increased incorporation of radioactive thymidine as compared to patients with disseminated mined by histopathology and spontaneous uptake of (3H) TdR. PMID- 7015479 TI - Indirect haemagglutination for the demonstration of antibodies to renal antigens from rats. AB - An indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test using tanned sheep erythrocytes was developed to detect antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with renal tubular epithelium (RTE) or with glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from rats. The RTE antigen preparation, called Fx1A, sensitized the erythrocytes directly, whereas the GBM preparation had to be treated with collagenase. THe antisera to Fx1A gave titres up to 64,000, and the antisera to GBM up to several million. The sera were monospecific, since they gave no cross-reactions in IHA, precipitation, or absorption tests. Using the IHA test, the quantitative aspects of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats can be studied. Preliminary results obtained in transfer experiments indicate a dose-response relationship between the titres in IHA and the degree of proteinuria. PMID- 7015480 TI - Human membrane-bound C3 receptors. I. Serological and immunohistological demonstration of C3 receptors. AB - The aim of the present study was to present further evidence of the specific reactivity of an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS), to demonstrate membrane-bound C3 receptors by using this AC3RS in different serological an immunohistological methods, and to investigate the relationship between membrane-bound C3 receptors and alpha1-antitrypsin. The AC3RS, or F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG fraction of this antiserum, stained a percentage of various viable cell populations roughly equivalent to the number of cells that bound EAC3b and/or EAC3d; C3 receptor negative T cells and thymocytes were not stained. On frozen sections of tonsils and kidneys it was found that the AC3RS stained area to which EAC3b adhered. After absorption with neutrophils or Ehu, the AC3RS inhibited the agglutination of EAC3d with tonsil cells, but not the agglutination of tonsil cells or neutrophils with EAC3b; this absorbed AC3RS still stained tonsil cells but not neutrophils, and in frozen tonsil sections it stained only those areas to which EAC3d adhered. The absorbed AC3RS did not stain glomeruli. Antisera to alpha1 antitrypsin failed to inhibit EAC agglutination with C3 receptor-bearing cells or to stain C3 receptor-positive cells either in suspension or in frozen sections. Absorption of th AC3RS with purified alpha1-antitrypsin did not affect its specific reactivity. PMID- 7015481 TI - Human membrane-bound C3 receptors. II. Physiochemical properties of the C3b and C3d receptors isolated from tonsil cells by immunoprecipitation. AB - The aim of the present study was to define the physicochemical structure of C3b and C3d receptors of lymphoid cells. C3b and C3d receptors were isolated from KBr lysates of the 20,000 g fraction of human tonsil homogenates by immunoprecipitation with an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS). Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of unreduced immunoprecipitates revealed a highly predominant component with an apparent molecular weight (mol. wt.) greater than 1 x 10(6) and a small component with a mol. wt. of 80,000. After reduction, the SDS-PAGE profile was made up of a constant major 38,000 mol. wt. component and a inconstant smaller 18,000 mol. wt. component. The 38,000 (and also the 18,000) component could be isolated only from C3 receptor-active lysates, and not from C3 receptor-negative lysates. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the active C3 receptor molecule of tonsil cells is a lipoprotein complex with a mol. wt. greater than 1 x 10(6); its protein moiety consists predominantly of disulphide-bridged polypeptide chains with a mol. wt. of 38,000; C3b and C3d receptors are composed of equal sized polypeptide chains, but the specific binding sites for C3b and C3d are located on different molecules. PMID- 7015482 TI - Monitoring of human renal allograft rejection with fine-needle aspiration cytology. AB - We have performed serial fine-needle aspiration biopsies from human allografts undergoing acute rejection episodes. After subtraction of blood background, the method enables a numerical evaluation of the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. In all rejections, T lymphoblasts and especially B plasmablasts were prominent at the beginning, whereafter the blast cell response subsided. If only traces of other inflammatory cell types were seen in the aspirates, the rejections were clinically mild usually lasting less than 5 days. If the blast response was accompanied by a considerable influx of lymphocytes but only few mononuclear phagocytes, the clinical course was intermediately intensive, although these rejections were usually reversible. If, however, the blast cells and lymphocytes were accompanied by large numbers of monocytes, and if the maturation of blood-borne monocytes into tissue macrophages was evident, the rejections were severe and usually irreversible. Thus the appearance of large numbers of macrophages in the aspirates is a bad prognostic sign, indicating an unfavourable course and irreversible rejection. PMID- 7015483 TI - Development of natural killer cell activity and genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation with age: effect of neonatal thymectomy. AB - The effect of neonatal thymectomy on the development of splenic and bone marrow natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and on genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation was examined in mice. Natural cytotoxicity was measured by a 51Cr release assay; the ability to engraft foreign bone marrow was assayed by the spleen colony method. The natural cytolytic response of spleen cells increased progressively from youth to early adulthood, whereas that of the bone marrow declined during the same age period. Neonatal thymectomy significantly elevated the natural killer cell response of young mice only (4 weeks, spleen; 6 weeks, bone marrow). In other experiments, neonatally thymectomized and sham-operated mice were lethally irradiated at 4 or 6 weeks of age and injected with 2.5, 5.0 or 10 million rat marrow cells. Six days later spleen colonies were markedly reduced in both 4- and 6-week-old neonatally thymectomized mice with all rat marrow cell doses tested. Neonatal thymectomy did not alter the percentage of erythroid verus other colonies at either 4 or 6 weeks. In both thymectomized and sham-operated mice the number of colonies increased with increases in marrow cell dose. The data are suggestive of a production and dissemination to the spleen of cels involved in the natural cytotoxic response from the bone marrow. PMID- 7015484 TI - Antigenic analysis of Treponema pallidum: cross-reactions between individual antigens of T. pallidum and T. Reiter. AB - Seven antigens were demonstrated in the Nichols pathogenic strain of Treponema pallidum when tested by cross immunoelectrophoresis against rabbit antibodies raised by immunization with T. pallidum sonicate. Indirect evidence was obtained for the presence of two more T. pallidum antigens. Of the nine antigens six reacted with antibodies in a human syphilitic serum pool. Cross-reactions between individual T. Reiter antigens and the seven directly demonstrated T. pallidum antigens were studied by different immunoelectrophoretic techniques, using rabbit anti-T. Reiter Ig, rabbit anti-T. pallidum Ig, and human syphilitic serum pool. Of the seven T. pallidum antigens three were found in T. Reiter, three had epitopes identical to corresponding antigens in T. Reiter, and one had both cross reacting and T. pallidum-specific epitopes. Human syphilitic serum had antibodies against two of the T. pallidum-specific antigens and against four T. pallidum antigens cross-reacting with antigens of T. Reiter. PMID- 7015485 TI - Kinetics of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by human monocytes. AB - The kinetic patterns of the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli by monocytes were investigated separately to acquire more insight into the total process, i.e. from the ingestion to the death of the micro-organisms. Phagocytosis proved to be dependent on: (1) both the bacteria-to-monocyte ratio and the monocyte concentration; a concentration of at least 5 x 10(5) monocytes/ml proved necessary for the measurement of ingestion, whereas the rate of ingestion was found to be proportional to the number of extracellular bacteria until a maximum rate is reached, (2) the serum concentration in the incubation medium, which influenced both the rate of phagocytosis and the maximum number of bacteria taken up by one monocyte, and (3) the temperature, the highest rate of phagocytosis being reached at 37-41 degrees C. The intracellular killing proved to be dependent on: (1) the number of bacteria ingested; the rate of killing was proportional to the number of ingested bacteria until a maximum rate was reached; (2) the temperature, since a maximum rate of killing is only reached at 37-41 degrees C; at lower and higher temperatures the rate of killing is lower, in the latter case due to inactivation of extracellular stimuli. These separate data on the ingestion and killing processes made it possible to compute the theoretical numbers of extracellular, viable intracellular, and total intracellular bacteria for a model system consisting of 5 x 10(6) monocytes, 5 x 10(6) bacteria, and 10% serum. These calculated values are in agreement with the experimental data. PMID- 7015486 TI - A comparison of EA-Rosette formation on lymphocytes using rabbit and human sensitizing antibodies. AB - The IgG receptors of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied to determine whether those detected by a rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte antibody (EARa) and a human anti-human erythrocyte antibody (EAHu) were the same. With cells separated by Ficoll-Hypaque and freed of adherent cells by exposure to plastic surfaces, both EA systems gave similar numbers of rosettes. Mixed rosetting occurred when both types of sensitized cells were added simultaneously. EAHu and EARa rosettes showed similar kinetics of formation. Depletion of rosette-forming lymphocytes was possible by using both systems, and depletion by one system showed depletion in the other. sIg-bearing lymphocytes were also removed, the amount of depletion being dependent on the degree of RBC sensitization with antibody. EAHu and ERRa rosettes were equally inhibited by IgG of a given species of subclass. Normal human and rabbit IgG were more inhibitory than bovine or guinea-pig IgG. All of the human subclasses inhibited, but IgG and IgG3 were more inhibitory than IgG and IgG4. These results indicate that Fc gamma receptors on human lymphocytes react with an IgG configuration that is present on IgG of many species, although it is variably expressed among them. Human IgG1 and rabbit IgG are equivalent in the system and can be used equally well to detect Fc IgG-receptor-bearing cells. PMID- 7015487 TI - T-cell subpopulations in the bone marrow and spleen from thymectomized, irradiated mice reconstituted with normal or nude bone marrow cells. AB - Adult thymectomized and lethally irradiated (ATxXB) BALB/c mice, reconstituted with either nude or normal bone marrow (BM) cells, have been studied to evaluate numbers and mitogen responsiveness of T cells and T-cell progenitors in the BM and the spleen. Although mice reconstituted with nu/nu cells contained significantly higher numbers of Thy 1.2-positive cells in the BM than mice reconstituted with normal BM cells, smaller in vitro mitogen responses were generally given by the former mice. However, spleen and BM cells of both groups responded to phytohaemagglutinin and to concanavalin A. On the basis of comparisons with responses of BM and spleen cells from normal and ATx mice, anti Thy 1.2 treatment of cells, and 1 g velocity sedimentation experiments, it is suggested that most mitogen responders in the BM of ATxXB mice are Thy 1.2 negative, pre-thymic T-cell precursors and, accordingly, that these cells are able to differentiate to some extent in the absence of the thymus. PMID- 7015489 TI - [The platelet inhibitor problem]. AB - Some problems encountered in interpreting randomized clinical trials on the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and transient cerebral ischemic attacks are discussed. With regard to acetylsalicylic acid, the dosage, and some general side effects such as those observed in transfusions, are considered. PMID- 7015488 TI - Tuberculous meningitis: immune reactions within the central nervous system. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes from two patients with tuberculous meningitis proliferated stronger than the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) when stimulated with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in the lymphocyte transformation test after 3 days of culture. This might indicate an accumulation of specifically primed lymphocytes within the central nervous system. CSF lymphocytes and PBL from nine of ten patients with acute aseptic meningitis investigated as controls showed no or low responses when stimulated with PPD, whereas the remaining patient displayed a significant proliferation of CSF lymphocytes, which was more pronounced than that of PBL. Stimulation with the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweek mitogen gave lower proliferation of CSF lymphocytes compared with PBL in tuberculous and aseptic meningitis. Evaluation of the proliferative response of CSF lymphocytes compared with PBL on stimulation with PPD might be a useful complement in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7015490 TI - [Evaluation of 2 methods for detecting anti-DNA antibodies in collagen disease]. AB - An immunofluorescent technique using Crithidia luciliae (CL) has been developed to detect antibodies against native DNA, type them and determine their complement fixing capacity. CL possess a kinetoplast containing double-stranded DNA that is not bound to histones: they are therefore a substrate well suited to the determination of antibodies against native DNA. When compared with a radioimmunoassay the technique displayed the same specificity and sensitivity. However, the correlation between clinical symptoms of SLE and anti-DNA antibody titer was better with the CL method than with radioimmunoassay. Determination of complement-fixing capacity and the type of immunoglobulins did not provide useful information. The CL method proved to be reliable, rapid and cheap. PMID- 7015491 TI - [Bacteriological examinations using the invagination catheter]. AB - Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies have been performed on bladder urines taken by two different technics. Bladder urine was first obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration. Immediately after the puncture another sample of bladder urine was obtained by the "invagination catheter" (only usable in women) transurethrally. In 80 consecutive parallel studies no differences were found in the bacterial counts, and only one difference were found in bacterial type. From the diagnostic point of view, therefore, the two methods were found to be equivalent. In another series of 52 patients catheterization by the invagination catheter was repeated at least 6 hours later without urination in the meantime. The bacteriologic results in the two corresponding specimens were exactly the same in all patients. Contrary to other transurethral methods, no introduction of bacterial agents into the bladder appears to occur with this method. PMID- 7015492 TI - [Bronchoconstrictive side effects of timolol eye drops in patients with obstructive lung disease]. AB - A double-blind crossover study in seven patients with glaucoma and obstructive lung disease revealed a considerable and significant bronchoconstrictive side effect on topically administered timolol maleat. Comparative treatment of these patients with an ophthalmic solution containing 3% carbachol did not yield a statistically significant bronchial reaction. However, the observation of serious lung function impairment in three patients suggests that carbachol is not a safe alternative for the treatment of glaucoma in patients with obstructive lung disease. Whenever a deterioration of airway obstruction occurs in elderly patients, or bronchial asthma becomes manifest late in life, topically administered beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking and cholinergic agents must be considered causative factors: optimal communication between all physicians caring for glaucoma patients is an essential prerequisite. PMID- 7015493 TI - [Neurovegetative function tests: clinical importance and physiological aspects]. AB - Evaluation of autonomic defects in polyneuropathies or diseases of the central nervous system is assuming increasing importance. Five simple non-invasive cardiovascular tests are described: an orthostatic test taking account of changes in arterial blood pressure, the orthostatic test of Ewing, the Valsalva maneuver, sustained handgrip, and heart beat to beat variation. The physiological mechanisms involved in each test, the need to bear in mind failure of the effector organs (cardiovascular system) and also the effect of medication are discussed. Finally, the beat to beat variation expressed as the coefficient of variation and as the meansquare successive difference, measured in 32 healthy subjects, are suggested as reference values. PMID- 7015494 TI - [Disopyramide poisoning]. AB - Acute intoxications with the antiarrhythmic drug disopyramide (Norpace) are often life-threatening. After an almost asymptomatic interval of 1 to 4 hours, cardiogenic shock of sudden onset occurs. The usual methods of cardiac resuscitation such as adrenaline and antiarrhythmic drugs should not be used, and transvenous pacemakers often prove ineffective. To lower the high rate of mortality, early appropriate monitoring and facilities for rapid intervention are necessary. Isoprenaline is the most suitable positive inotropic and chronotropic drug. Hemoperfusion with Amberlite XAD 14 is effective but not always needed. PMID- 7015495 TI - [The effect of sulfinpyrazone on the coagulation-inhibiting action of acenocoumarol]. AB - To investigate the possible clinical interaction between the platelet function regulator sulphinpyrazone (SP) and the oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol (AC), 22 in-patients of either sex were included in a single blind within-patient trial vs. placebo. After one week of stabilizing treatment with AC alone the patients were randomly allocated to two sequences (11 patients each), either SP + AC for weeks 2--3 followed by placebo + AC for weeks 4--5, or the reverse sequence, i.e. placebo + AC followed by SP + AC for the same periods. 17 patients completed the full five weeks. Four dropped out during SP treatment, all but one following some form of bleeding episode. One patient dropped out for the same reason during placebo. Apart from the bleeding episodes, no other undesirable effects were recorded. The daily dose of SP was always 800 mg. A statistically highly significant interaction (p less than 0.01) between SP and AC was found. The addition of SP to AC led to a drop in mean prothrombin time and rendered necessary a consequent reduction (of about 20%) in mean AC dosage. It is concluded that when initiating and withdrawing treatment with SP in a patient receiving AC, the prothrombin time should be checked daily for a few days to adapt (reduce) the dosage of AC to the change in prothrombin time induced by SP. PMID- 7015496 TI - [Which anti-inflammatory agents should be used in rheumatology?]. AB - The principles governing the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatology are reviewed. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, either systemic or local, have a transient effect. On the other hand, treatments with basic medications such as gold salts of D-penicillamine induce prolonged beneficial action. They are, however, useful chiefly in rheumatoid arthritis but not in ankylosing spondylitis or variants, nor in gout or osteoarthrosis. The side effects and contraindications are described and discussed. PMID- 7015497 TI - Preparations and properties of crystalline porcine and bovine [Trp]B1 insulins. AB - [Trp]B1 analogs to porcine and bovine insulins have been obtained through selective reaction with Msc-ONSu, and followed by Edman degradation, condensation with Msc-Trp-ONp and deprotection. Through cellulose acetate electrophoresis, amino acid composition analysis, UV absorption spectrum and N-terminal analysis, it has been proved that the products are of purified [Trp]B1 insulin. Mouse convulsion assay shows that the biological activities of porcine and bovine [Trp]B1 insulins are 18 i.u./mg and 17 i.u./mg respectively, corresponding to about 70% of the original activity of native porcine insulin. Their structural details are under investigation in our laboratory. PMID- 7015498 TI - Para-mortem osteopathology in the Crow Creek massacre victims. PMID- 7015499 TI - Lead content of small mammals at a roadside site in relation to the pathways of exposure. AB - Concentration of lead have been determined in three species of small mammal, Sorex araneus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus at roadside and control sites. The results are considered in relation to the lead content of the diet and the air, and it is concluded that the diet provides far the major pathway for lead exposure, even at the roadside site. Bone lead concentrations are found to be consistent with estimated lead exposure and metabolism. PMID- 7015500 TI - Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of solvents. I. Glycidyl ethers, dioxane, nitroalkanes, dimethylformamide and allyl derivatives. AB - The carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity as well as structural features and relationships of the glycidylethers (principally phenyl-, butyl-, allyl-, and isopropyl-), dioxane, nitroalkanes (nitro methane, ethane and propane), dimethylformamide and allyl derivatives (chloride, alcohol and amine) were examined. Additionally, considerations of the production, use patterns, estimated populations at risk, TLV's and metabolism of the above agents were discussed. PMID- 7015502 TI - Environmental biochemistry of current environmental levels of heavy metals: preparation of radiotracers with very high specific radioactivity for metallobiochemical experiments on laboratory animals. AB - Environmental toxicology research on dose-response relationships of heavy metals requires experiments on laboratory animals exposed to "low doses" of trace elements which should reflect "present or actual environmental levels" characteristic of polluted environments. Unfortunately no criteria exist to establish the "low doses" to which laboratory animals must be exposed, in practice the choice of the level used is made in an almost arbitrary manner. In order to define the "present environmental levels" of heavy metals which should be administered to laboratory animals an approach is suggested, based upon knowledge of the concentrations of trace elements in the diet, air and food as well as the fractions absorbed. Today daily intakes of trace elements by man are of the order of few micrograms or nanograms thus requiring the use of extremely sensitive analytical techniques to determine the very low amounts of heavy metals in tissues and cellular components. In these fields of research the use of radiotracers with very high specific radioactivity appears particularly advantageous but requires considerable care during their preparation and use. The first part of this paper deals with a definition of the ranges of concentrations of trace elements which should be used for metabolic studies on laboratory animals when they are exposed via different routes such as ingestion, inhalation in injection; the second part describes the production of radiotracers with very high specific radioactivity by proton activation in the cyclotron and by neutron irradiation in the nuclear reactor. Their use to label present levels of heavy metals under conditions adapted for biochemical purposes, as well as the preparation of different metal-labelled chemical species is also reported. Particular attention is directed to quality control of the radiotracer solutions which are administered to the animals including those of radioactivity concentrations, radioisotopic purity, radiochemical purity, carrier content and chemical impurities. PMID- 7015501 TI - Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): a review. AB - A highly persistent, lipophilic, brominated organochlorine which is effectively used against nematodes, dibromochloropropane (DBCP) has been produced for agriculture since 1955. In 1975, production of DBCP in the United States reached 25 million lbs. However, investigations with laboratory animals, some of which were published in the early 1960s, have shown that DBCP decreases sperm mobility and spermatogenesis, disturbs the estrous cycle, reduces phagocytosis by white blood cells, and induces malignant tumors. Later studies with procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, including human sperm, have demonstrated DBCP to be mutagenic and to effect the genome adversely. In 1977 many of the employees at the Occidental Chemical plant in Lathrop, California, who had handled DBCP, were found to be either azoospermic or oligospermic. Subsequent surveys of employees handling DBCP at other chemical plants confirmed these findings. In 1977 on edible crops and in 1979 DBCP per se was detected in well waters. As a result of these studies, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1977 promulgated regulations restricting the use and handling of DBCP. In 1979, the EPA banned almost all agricultural uses of DBCP. PMID- 7015503 TI - Toxicity assessment of organic compounds in drinking water in the Netherlands. AB - In a recent survey of organic compounds present in drinking water of twenty cities in The Netherlands, it was found that only a minor fraction (10%) of the total organic content could be identified. It appeared that drinking water prepared from polluted surface water contains more organic compounds with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties than water prepared from groundwater. The concentration of most of the organic constituents identified was generally below the microgram/litre level. It is not expected that circumstances will occur, that these compounds will be present in quantities, which are acutely toxic for consumers. On the other hand it cannot be excluded that certain organic compounds, in particular carcinogens and mutagens, may cause chronic toxic effects as a result of life time consumption of such contaminated drinking water. Therefore an epidemiological study was started in The Netherlands in which cancer mortality was related to the raw water source used for drinking water and the level of organic constituents. Preliminary results of the epidemiological study are presented. Furthermore a limited survey was carried out whereby drinking water of six cities was investigated for the presence of organic genotoxic compounds. The results of this survey led to the decision to extend this investigation to 19 cities. Finally, preliminary results regarding the characterization of the organic genotoxic compounds, present in drinking water, will be discussed. PMID- 7015505 TI - Cloning of naturally occurring mixed infections of malaria parasites. AB - Clones have been established from a cultured isolate of Plasmodium falciparum characterized by two electrophoretic forms of glucose phosphate isomerase. Cultures initiated from diluted samples containing an estimated 1.0 or 0.5 parasite showed microscopically visible parasites after 21 days. Most of these cultures were characterized by only single enzyme forms. PMID- 7015504 TI - Micromolar calcium stimulates proteolysis and glutamate binding in rat brain synaptic membranes. AB - Incubation of cortical synaptic membranes with low concentrations of calcium resulted in a decrease in the amount of a high-molecular-weight doublet protein and an increase in the sodium-independent binding of glutamate. Both effects were blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor leupeptin. These results suggest that calcium-induced proteolysis of membrane components regulates the number of glutamate receptors in neuronal membranes. PMID- 7015506 TI - Contractility of bile canaliculi: implications for liver function. AB - Dynamic contractions of bile canaliculi were observed in groups of cultured hepatocytes by time-lapse cinephotomicrography during the early stages of monolayer formation. The contractions, which were forceful and appeared to have a pumping action, may facilitate the flow of bile in the liver's canalicular system. PMID- 7015508 TI - Library of medicine versus private enterprise. PMID- 7015507 TI - Dentition of Chilean paleo-Indians and peopling of the Americas. AB - Teeth of 12 cremated paleo-Indians (11,000 years old) from caves in southern Chile have crown and root morphology like that of recent American Indians and north Asians, but unlike that of Europeans. This finding supports the view that American Indians originated in northeast Asia. This dental series also suggests that paleo-Indians could easily have been ancestral to most living Indians, that very little dental evolution has occurred, and that the founding paleo-Indian population was small, genetically homogeneous, and arrived late in the Pleistocene. PMID- 7015509 TI - At long last, Linus Pauling lands NCI grant. PMID- 7015510 TI - Selective protection of methionine enkephalin released from brain slices by enkephalinase inhibition. AB - Methionine enkephalin release was evoked by depolarization of slices from rat striatum with potassium. In the presence of 0.1 microM thiorphan [(N(R,S)-3 mercapto-2-benzylpropionyl)glycine], a potent inhibitor of enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase), the recovery of the pentapeptide in the incubation medium was increased by about 100 percent. A similar effect was observed with the dipeptide phenylalanylalanine, a selective although less potent enkephalinase inhibitor. Inhibition of other known enkephalin-hydrolyzing enzymes -aminopeptidase by 0.1 mM puromycin or angiotensin-converting enzyme by 1 microM captopril--did not significantly enhance the recovery of released methionine enkephalin. These data indicate that enkephalinase is critically involved in the inactivation of the endogenous opioid peptide released from striatal neurons. PMID- 7015511 TI - Homogeneous fluorescent immunoassay. AB - A fluorescent immunoassay based on the correlation of fluctuations in particle number measures the amount of tagged species bound to micrometer-sized beads and is insensitive to background fluorescence. Without separation steps, a competitive assay can resolve I nanogram of gentamicin per milliliter from a total sample volume of only 10 microliters. PMID- 7015512 TI - Prostacyclin: a potent antimetastatic agent. AB - Metastasis is the principal cause of failures to cure human cancers. Prostacyclin is a powerful antimetastatic agent against B16 amelanotic melanoma cells. This effect, which may result from the platelet antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin, is potentiated by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Inhibitors of prostacyclin synthesis increase metastasis. Prostacyclin and agents that may increase endogenous prostacyclin production or prolong its activity are suggested as new antimetastatic agents. PMID- 7015514 TI - Straus defends himself in Boston. PMID- 7015513 TI - Hatch batters NCI with straus case. PMID- 7015515 TI - Studies support Bendectin safety claim. PMID- 7015516 TI - Rationale and proposal for use of prostacyclin in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura therapy. PMID- 7015517 TI - [Physician V. A. Levitskii, 1 of the 1st correspondents of Iskra]. PMID- 7015518 TI - [History of guest lecture cycles, a progressive form of advanced training of physicians]. PMID- 7015519 TI - [Social medical survey of the institutionalized child population in the '20s in Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7015520 TI - [Information support and the information value of medical history research]. PMID- 7015522 TI - [Dr. Radovan J. Danic (21 January 1893 - 4 April 1979)]. PMID- 7015521 TI - [Society of Poltava Physicians and the "Transactions of the Permanent Medical Commission of the Poltava Guberniya Zemstvo Board"]. PMID- 7015523 TI - [The contribution of Dr. Laza K. Lazarevic to infectious disease in the 19th century]. PMID- 7015524 TI - [Prof. Friedrich Pauwels (23 May 1885 - 19 January 1980)]. PMID- 7015525 TI - [Mental stress and the heart]. PMID- 7015526 TI - [The 100th anniversary of the founding of the journal "Zdravlje" by Dr. Milan Jovanovic-Batuta]. PMID- 7015527 TI - Manifestations and management of stress. AB - Stress may well result in psychological and physical changes and produce recognizable syndromes, which are described. Treatment with sedatives is rarely effective and a rational approach, including working through problems, administration of antidepressants, pyridoxine and hormones, and sometimes changes in lifestyle, is suggested. PMID- 7015528 TI - Cancer--the ethical challenges posed by research and treatment. AB - Ethical considerations arise frequently in managing the patient with cancer. These range from controversy as to whether the diagnosis should be divulged to the patient or only to his family to whether the disease should be treated and, if so what is best for the patient. In many instances clearcut answers are not available--the type of challenge facing the physician who has accepted responsibility for managing the patient with malignant disease is illustrated by consideration of some of the problems encountered in leukaemia. PMID- 7015529 TI - The adult respiratory distress syndrome. A review, some thoughts and a few new ideas. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome is being recognized more frequently as a complication of a number of conditions. The causes, pathophysiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and management are reviewed in this article. The use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and super-PEEP is discussed. The value of measurements of mixed venous oxygen partial pressure (PVO2) in the treatment of respiratory failure, especially in the presence of high inspired oxygen tensions, is explained and emphasized. PMID- 7015530 TI - [Beta-hemolytic streptococci as a cause of sore throat in the Pretoria area]. AB - A study was performed in Pretoria on 232 unselected patients who presented with the complaint of sore throat. A throat swab was positive for Lancefield group A beta-haemolytic streptococci in 33,2% of these patients. The incidence was significantly higher in Black patients (45,5%) than in White patients (23,2%) and 12,1% of healthy controls showed a positive culture. No seasonal variation was detected. Throat swabs kept overnight at room temperature were falsely negative for beta-haemolytic streptococci in 43,2% of cases. A correlation was found with certain clinical signs. PMID- 7015531 TI - Supravalvular aortic stenosis in the adult. A case presentation with unique associated features. AB - A 42-year-old symptomatic woman with possible adult Williams's syndrome (mental retardation, 'elfin facies' and supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS)) is documented. This patient displayed many unique features in addition to the severe SVAS (peak systolic gradient 96 mmHg): there was an associated persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus, mitral valve prolapse (Barlow's syndrome) and complete right bundle-branch block on ECG. Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis was absent. M-mode echocardiograhy in the adult with SVAS is described for the first time in the literature, as is the use of the 60 degrees cross-sectional scan. Both these non-invasive procedures proved of value in the diagnosis. The degree of subendocardial ischaemia, as determined by the 'endocardial viability ratio', was calculated and the possible mechanisms producing angina pectoris with 'coronary artery hypertension' in this condition are discussed. The literature on associated mitral valve abnormalities in SVAS is reviewed. A successful surgical result was obtained; the various forms of operation are outlined. PMID- 7015532 TI - Beta-blocker prophylaxis after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7015533 TI - Platelet antibodies in immune thrombocytopenic purpura and onyalai. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to assess the nature, incidence and natural history of platelet antibodies in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and patients with onyalai, using an immunofluorescent technique. Twelve patients under 14 years old and 11 patients 14-75 years old with ITP, and 24 patients with onyalai were studied. Alternate younger patients were treated with corticosteroids. Ten of the 12 children with ITP had IgG platelet antibodies in their serum, which disappeared as the platelet count recovered. Steroid therapy did not change the course of the disease or the antibody response. Of the 24 patients with onyalai, 23 had IgG antibodies and 18 had IgM antibodies, which were still present after 14 days and unrelated to their rise in platelet count. Steroid therapy did not affect the platelet count or the antibody titre. The difference in immune response of ITP and onyalai points to a difference in aetiology. The clinical presence of IgM antibodies in onyalai fits the hypothesis that a toxin, possibly acting as a hapten, is responsible for this form of thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7015534 TI - An electric surgical technique for the correction of protruding ears. AB - The 'suture-only' technique for correcting 'bat' ears provides an anesthetically pleasing result. The ear contour can be altered and remodelled without cutting the pinna cartilage, thereby avoiding possible permanent disfigurement. The object of the 'suture-only' procedure is to normalize a somewhat ridiculous and embarrassing physical appearance which may cause permanent psychological and personality damage. PMID- 7015535 TI - John Keats (1795-1821)--poet, physician and tuberculosis patient. AB - Keats trained as a physician at Guy's Hospital, but abandoned medicine for poetry. Progressive tuberculosis, a family disease, led him to Italy in the hope of a cure and to join Shelley and Byron at Pisa. He died in Rome in an apartment overlooking the Spanish Steps. Since 1909 this has been a Keats-Shelley literary memorial. During World War II its most valuable manuscripts narrowly escaped destruction during the bombardment of the Cassino monastery, where they had been sent for safekeeping. Able to devote but 4 years of his short life solely to poetry, Keats achieved distinction as a major English poet known for his sensitivity and sensuous imagery. PMID- 7015536 TI - Penbutolol and furosemide in a fixed-dose combination-bio-equivalence of two formulations. AB - Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in an open cross-over study designed to test whether two fixed-dose combination formulations of penbutolol (40 mg) and furosemide (20 mg), an ordinary and a film-coated tablet, are bio-equivalent. Penbutolol capsules (40 mg) and 20 mg furosemide tablets (Lasix; Hoechst) served as reference formulations. The maximum concentration of furosemide was significantly depressed in the case of fixed-dose combinations, reflecting a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between penbutolol and furosemide. However, the area under the concentration versus time curve for furosemide and its cumulative urinary excretion and diuretic effect were not influenced by penbutolol. On the basis of plasma concentration versus time data and urinary parameters, the two fixed-dose formulations are bio-equivalent. PMID- 7015537 TI - Oxprenolol slow-release with cyclopenthiazide KCl in the treatment of essential hypertension. A multicentre general practice study. AB - In part I of this article we report on 89 hypertensive patients who underwent 9 months of treatment with oxprenolol HCl 160 mg in a slow-release formulation plus cyclopenthiazide 0.25 mg and potassium chloride 600 mg (Trasidrex; Ciba-Geigy). Blood pressures, both supine and standing, and pulse rates were consistently controlled by this regimen throughout the 9 months of treatment, regardless of the time of day at which these parameters were measured, i.e. morning or afternoon. Seventy-six patients completed the trial. The most common symptom or sign occurring during treatment was headache, the next most common being heartburn. No patient developed angina while on the regimen. Three patients discontinued the study owing to unwanted effects. This study represents a total of 28237 patient-days of treatment. In part II of the trial we studied the effects of a similar regiment in 67 patients for 1 year preceded by a 2-week wash out period. Forty-six of the patients completed a full year's treatment. Statistically significant reductions in blood pressures and pulse rates occurred after commencement of active treatment and were maintained throughout the study period. Four patients withdrew from the study owing to adverse effects, 1 patient died of an acute myocardial infarction, and 1 patient was considered a treatment failure. This study represents 19858 patient-days of treatment. PMID- 7015538 TI - Indapamide in a single daily dose in the treatment of hypertension. A multicentre trial in private practice. AB - In a multicentre trial a single daily oral dose of indapamide 2.5 mg (Natrilix; Servier) was prescribed to 387 hypertensive patients by their general practitioners for a period of 12 weeks, the common protocol permitting adjuvant therapy where necessary. Excellent control was achieved in indapamide alone and in 51.2% of 123 patients with more severe hypertension who were treated with indapamide combined with other hypotensive agents. Non-limiting side-effects occurred in 0.03% of patients receiving indapamide alone. The drug is considered a safe and effective agent for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 129 mmHg in private practice. PMID- 7015540 TI - Prophylactic and antimicrobial therapy using lincomycin in patients undergoing emergency caesarean section. AB - The influence of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy with lincomycin and metronidazole on the vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative infection was studied in 60 women who underwent emergency surgery. Lincomycin prophylaxis in 20 patients led to a decrease in the vaginal carriage rate from 85% pre-operatively to 20% on both the 3rd and the 5th postoperative day. Metronidazole prophylaxis resulted in a similar decrease. In the placebo group of 20 patients no significant decrease in anaerobic yield was noted, the corresponding figures being 100%, 75% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, 6 of the placebo group had wound infections, compared with one each in the lincomycin and metronidazole groups. PMID- 7015541 TI - Indomethacin or sulindac at night in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The effects of indomethacin and sulindac in relieving troublesome morning stiffness and nighttime pain were tested in a double-blind cross-over trial. Thirteen of the 17 patients who completed the trial preferred indomethacin which was found to be superior to sulindac in all the parameters tested. Sulindac did, however, have some beneficial effect and can be used as an alternative to indomethacin when this drug cannot be used as the agent of first choice. PMID- 7015539 TI - A comparison of meptazinol and pethidine for pain relief during the first stage of labour. AB - Meptazinol and pethidine were compared in a double-blind randomized trial with regard to analgesia during the first stage of labour. It was concluded that neither drug is effective for sustained pain relief, and that there is no advantage of one over the other. However, neither drug affected maternal condition as reflected by respiratory rate, pulse rate and blood pressure, nor was any detrimental effect noted on the condition of the newborn infant. The critical reassessment of traditional drugs for analgesia in labour is suggested. PMID- 7015542 TI - An evaluation of piroxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. A multicentre trial. AB - A multicentre trial involving 1350 patients evaluated by 310 practitioners throughout South Africa was conducted to determine whether overseas studies relating to the efficacy and toleration of piroxicam (Feldene; Pfizer) would be confirmed in the local environment. Piroxicam, a member of a new class of non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, possesses a long plasma half-life permitting a once-a-day dosage regimen in osteo-arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders and acute gout. In this study it was found to provide significant relief of pain and stiffness and to have a relatively low side-effect profile, confirming that it is a useful addition to current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. PMID- 7015543 TI - The immunopathology of inflammatory arthritis. Some new insights. PMID- 7015544 TI - The anatomy of the lower-third-molar roots and its relation to the mandibular canal. AB - The root anatomy of the lower third molars and the distance from apex to the mandibular canal were examined in radiographs. Three different materials were examined; one medieval with erupted teeth, one modern with erupted teeth and one modern with impacted third molars. Uncomplicated root anatomy was recorded for 75% of the teeth in the medieval material and for 20% in the modern materials. A position of the root apex near the mandibular canal was more frequently observed in the modern material. PMID- 7015545 TI - In vivo resin impregnation of dentin fractures. PMID- 7015546 TI - [Teeth of the Dilmun-times. Umm an-Nar (2500 B.C.). Al-Bahrain (2000 B.C.)]. PMID- 7015548 TI - [Psychohygienic concepts at the time of Roman dictatorship]. PMID- 7015547 TI - Congenital abnormalities and hormones during pregnancy: a clinical review. AB - A review of the extensive literature on the subject indicates that sex hormones have been associated with a wide variety of adverse clinical conditions following usage during pregnancy. About 230 cases of female pseudohermaphroditism have been reported following use of hormones with androgenic potency, but masculinization observed with estrogens in a few females may represent only adrenal-stimulated pseudohermaphroditism. Feminization of males, mostly by progestogens in some 45 cases, is unproven at present. Realizing the limitations of the published studies when all present data are considered, there seems no justification for undue concern over the induction of nongenital congenital malformations through hormone use in pregnancy. The available data on the association to cardiac, limb, and CNS defects, and to several malformative syndromes, are not convincing: the effects appear to be remarkably nonspecific, the studies are contradicted by a large number of negative reports, and an increased incidence of defects with increased usage has not materialized. A possible exception are the CNS malformations associated with the use of the antifertility agent clomiphene, and careful surveillance is warranted at present. While a reasonable interpretation from this review would be that hormones present no major teratogenic hazard, elimination of hormonal exposure whenever possible during pregnancy is suggested. PMID- 7015549 TI - [Etiology and prevention of drug dependence]. PMID- 7015550 TI - [Vasodilator therapy in management of chronic heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015551 TI - At a milestone - a tribute to Al Copley. PMID- 7015552 TI - Effect of proteases on plasminogen activator release from isolated perfused dog leg. PMID- 7015554 TI - The influence of heparin and indol on the catalytic properties of alpha- and beta/gamma -thrombins. PMID- 7015553 TI - Synthesis of Bz-Phe(p-No2)-Val-Arg-pNA-and its specificity to thrombin-like enzymes: similarity of a commercial product S-2160 to the nitrated compound. PMID- 7015555 TI - Oral administration of urokinase. PMID- 7015556 TI - Simplified procedure for the assay of fibrinopeptide A in plasma. PMID- 7015557 TI - Inhibition of platelet collagen interactions by the C1s subcomponent of the first component of the first component of complement. PMID- 7015558 TI - Assay methodology for urokinase: its use in assessing the composition of mixtures of high- and low-molecular weight urokinase. PMID- 7015559 TI - Inhibition of platelet activation by prostacyclin: possible consequences in coagulation and anticoagulation. PMID- 7015560 TI - Bacteriocin (marcescin) typing of clinically isolated Serratia marcescens. AB - A study of bacteriocin (marcescin) typing was carried out by an agar cross streaking method (without any induction reagent) with 654 strains of Serratia marcescens recently isolated from clinical materials in Nagasaki University Hospital. In a complete checker board experiment with 80 strains on bacteriocin production and sensitivity, 43 strains (54%) were productive, 74 (93%) were sensitive and 4 (5%) were negative. Immunity was confirmed in all strains. Eight out of 80 strains of Serratia marcescens were selected as indicators in order to achieve the best differentiation of strains in bacteriocin typing, and 654 strains were classified into 30 types by bacteriocin production typing and into 49 types by bacteriocin sensitivity typing; the former showed more stable results than the latter in reproducibility. Bacteriocins produced by this method were considered to be high molecular, phage tail-like group A bacteriocins reported by Prinsloo (1966). Bacteriocin production typing was more useful for classification and subdivision of strains than serotyping (0-group). PMID- 7015561 TI - Epidemiological studies of Serratia marcescens infections by bacteriocin (marcescin) typing. PMID- 7015563 TI - A micropunch to separate for electron microscopy a structure first identified by optical microscopy. PMID- 7015562 TI - A simple and rapid method of dissociating hepatocytes from fixed liver of the mouse. AB - A simple and rapid method of dissociating hepatocytes of fixed liver tissue is described. Mouse liver was fixed by vascular perfusion with sodium phosphate buffered 2% formaldehyde-2% glutaraldehyde solution containing 0.02% picric acid and then osmicated in 2% OsO4 in phosphate buffer by immersion. Hepatocytes are easily dissociated by tapping the fixed tissue blocks in distilled water with a glass rod or by ultrasonics. This method results in very low cell fragility and a high yield of well preserved hepatocytes in suspension. For light microscopic examination the separated cells may be uniformly spread on a slide glass coated with Mayer's egg albumen and stained. Electron microscopic evaluation of the dispersed cells indicated that they have intact cell membranes and retain the integrity of their cytoplasm and nuclei well. This method is most suitable for accurate determination of the nuclear content and size of individual liver cells, as well as of the number of mitotic cells, and is potentially useful for gathering other information on the morphometric cytology of the liver. PMID- 7015564 TI - A quick squash method for permanent cytological preparations. PMID- 7015565 TI - A new approach to isolation and germination of Vicia faba embryos for cytological studies. PMID- 7015566 TI - [Preventive aspects in the planning and design of fixed restorations]. PMID- 7015567 TI - [Effect of different technologies on the precision, mechanical properties and structure of 1-piece cast bridges]. PMID- 7015568 TI - [Adhesion and bond strength of facing plastics]. PMID- 7015570 TI - [Quality analysis of treatment with cast partial dentures]. PMID- 7015569 TI - [Care of the edentulous jaw with partial removable dentures]. PMID- 7015571 TI - [Quality requirements for cast partial dentures]. PMID- 7015572 TI - [Use of an external bar in die-cast dentures]. PMID- 7015573 TI - [Materials problems in myodynamic impression taking]. PMID- 7015574 TI - [Bacterial flora in the gingival fluid in inflammatory periodontopathies]. PMID- 7015575 TI - [Etiology of cheilognathouranoschisis]. PMID- 7015576 TI - [Modern aspects of the primary dentition. A review]. PMID- 7015577 TI - [I. Decontrol of dentistry for everyone; a continuation of "Dentists' Freedom to Cure...", vide No. 1, 1981, p p. 1-5. 2. Decontrol of denturists, dental technicians or dentists]. PMID- 7015578 TI - Serial measurements of positron-emitting isotope activity in rat brain. AB - This report describes the construction and performance characteristics of a device capable of making rapid serial measurement of rat brain radioactivity following the administration of a positron emitting isotope. Two bismuth germanate oxide (BGO) scintillation detectors in a coincidence detection circuit are used to achieve the necessary degree of collimation. Data from the device can be used to characterize cerebral biochemical and physiological processes using computer-assisted mathematical models. PMID- 7015579 TI - Antiepileptic drugs: pharmacokinetic and clinical aspects. AB - Serum level monitoring of antiepileptic drugs is important for an optimal drug therapy since relationships between serum levels and therapeutic and toxic effects have been clearly established for several drugs. Routine serum level monitoring based on pharmacokinetic and clinical knowledge has improved the treatment of epileptic patients. For routine determination of antiepileptic drugs, homogenous enzyme immunoassays offer several advantages over more complex techniques such as GLC and HPLC. Because of the speed of the analysis and the small sample volume, EMIT is the method of choice in many laboratories. A 50 microliter sample is sufficient for a single determination of up to five drugs. To ensure reliable results, quality control schemes are necessary regardless of the analytical technique utilized for drug quantitation. Routine monitoring of serum levels is especially important since drug bioavailability, as well as the rate of drug metabolism and excretion, varies widely among patients. Serum levels are also influenced by comedication. Changes in protein binding may also be of clinical importance under special circumstances. Active metabolites may contribute to the clinical effect of a drug. Correct dose frequency and standardized blood sampling time, preferably before the first morning drug dose, are also important factors for establishing optimal therapeutic regimens for a given patient. The serum levels of antiepileptic drugs should be determined when drug therapy is initiated, after dosage adjustments, in case of therapy failure, after addition of drugs which may cause drug interactions, when clinical signs of side effects or drug intoxication occur, and as a routine monitoring for patient compliance. Serum levels should be monitored if any change occurs in a patient's normal pharmacological state. PMID- 7015580 TI - Serum drug concentrations in clinical perspective. AB - Determination of serum concentrations of certain drugs is becoming increasingly important for optimal patient care. These drugs include many antibiotics, several antiarrhythmics, cardiac glycosides, lithium, phenytoin, some other anticonvulsants, salicylates, and theophylline. Serum level determinations can also be useful for establishing the best individual dosage of benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants. On the other hand, information about serum levels is not necessary or useful for many widely used drugs. In general, measurement of serum concentrations is valuable only for drugs whose dosage should be individualized and whose therapeutic and toxic actions are not adequately quantifiable by clinical endpoints. The serum concentration of the drug and of important active metabolites must be accurately measurable, the relation between their concentrations in the serum and the intensity of therapeutic and toxic effects during clinical use must have been clearly defined, and serum levels must always be knowledgeably interpreted in conjunction with careful clinical observation and judgment. Measurements of serum drug concentrations are most often useful during prophylactic drug therapy, in patients with major pharmacokinetic disturbances, and when patients show unusual and unexplained sensitivity or resistance to therapy with a drug. PMID- 7015581 TI - Rapid assessment of lidocaine in cardiac patients by enzyme immunoassay. AB - Lidocaine, a drug commonly used via intravenous infusion for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, is frequently effective but has the hazard of potential toxicity. Avoidance of toxicity and better control of therapy are shown to be markedly enhanced by a new method of rapidly measuring blood levels of lidocaine by enzyme immunoassay. Examples of the use of this technique, for drug monitoring in the settings of suspected toxicity, prospective therapy, dose response assessment, and the study of pharmacokinetics are presented. PMID- 7015582 TI - Dr. Abraham White -1908-1980. PMID- 7015583 TI - Enhancement of the immunocompetence in neonatal guinea pigs by a thymic factor (TS). AB - The immunocompetence of newborn guinea pigs was evaluated in comparison with that of adults. The capacity of spleen cells from neonatal guinea pigs to produce antibodies to SRBC was found to be reduced, while no differences were observed in the capacity of those cells to respond to mitogenic stimulation or to form E rosettes with rabbit red blood cells. The in vivo treatment of newborn animals with a thymic factor (TS) induced an increase in the number of antibody-producing cells and an increase in the response to mitogenic stimulation but no variation in the number of rosette-forming cells. The effect of TS on both responses to SRBC and to mitogenic stimulation, was dose dependent. PMID- 7015584 TI - Antibodies to human T lymphocytes in xenoantisera elicited with a new immature T cell line (Peer). AB - Peer, a continuous line of immature T lymphocytes, was recently established from a patient with T-cell leukemia. In the present study antisera elicited in rabbits by immunization with Peer cells and absorbed with B cells were found to react with a distinct T-lymphocyte antigen. Absorbed anti-Peer serum was highly cytotoxic for human thymus cells and exerted a preferential activity on peripheral T lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) surviving exposure to anti-Peer serum and complement were depleted of most of the cells forming E rosettes, whereas the proportion forming EAC' rosettes was increased. Similarly, the depletion of cells forming E rosettes resulted in a concomitant reduction of the sensitivity of PBL to the cytotoxic effect of anti-Peer serum, while the enrichment of E-rosette forming cells had the opposite effect. Anti-Peer serum did not inhibit the formation of E rosettes by PBL in the absence of complement. Absorbed anti-Peer serum failed to exert any cytotoxic effect not only on normal B lymphocytes but also on the CBL and IMB B-cell lines, yet maintained a cytotoxic activity on the Raji and Daudi cell lines. A possible interpretation of these results is that immunization with Peer cells, a line of immature T lymphocytes, leads to the production of antibodies to a distinct antigen expressed on thymus and peripheral T cells. The antigen seems to be absent from normal peripheral B lymphocytes, but may be expressed on a line of pre-B cells, such as the Raji and Daudi lines. PMID- 7015585 TI - Selective migration of T-cell subset in pleural fluid from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Pleural fluid from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was examined for lymphocyte subpopulations and their proliferative response to PHA, Con A, and PWM. T lymphocytes were present in a high proportion; in contrast only few B lymphocytes were present when compared to peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes. Among T-cell subsets, Tmu cells were present in high numbers. By contrast Tgamma cells were lacking. Proliferative response to PHA and Con A were normal; however, PWM-induced proliferation was subnormal. This study demonstrates selective migration of a subset of T cells in pleural fluid. PMID- 7015586 TI - Some lost, obsolete, or discontinued diseases: serous apoplexy, incubus, and retrocedent ailments. PMID- 7015587 TI - The emergence of the Greek medical profession in the Roman Republic. PMID- 7015588 TI - Cosmology and physiology in Galenic visual theory: Hunayn Ibn Ishaq. PMID- 7015590 TI - Annotated bibliography of paleopathology: 1970-1979. Part IV, T-Z and index. PMID- 7015589 TI - Analytical psychology: Carl Jung and his circle. PMID- 7015591 TI - Memoir of William Thomas Fitts, Jr., 1915-1980. PMID- 7015592 TI - Memoir of Grayson Prevost McCouch (1888-1979). PMID- 7015593 TI - Prevention of adverse reactions to blood transfusion by the administration of saline-washed red blood cells. AB - We prospectively compared the incidence of complications following saline-washed versus packed red blood cell transfusions, to determine whether routine use of washed red blood cells could reduce significantly the incidence of transfusion reactions. Clinical reports of reactions were evaluated carefully to confirm whether the reaction was caused by transfusion. In 3,799 washed red blood cell transfusions, there were eight confirmed reactions (0.21%). Of 6,359 packed red blood cell transfusions, 31 reactions occurred (0.49%). The difference in incidence of confirmed complications was statistically significant (p less than 0.03). Administration of washed red blood cells to all patients requiring transfusions can thus be seen to reduce significantly the incidence of adverse reactions. This is likely the result of the removal of leukocytes and plasma achieved by the washing process. The increased safety of washed red blood cells must be weighed against their extra expense to determine their cost-effectiveness in transfusion therapy. PMID- 7015594 TI - In vitro and in vivo removal of anti-A erythrocyte antibody by adsorption to a synthetic immunoadsorbent. AB - A solid-phase immunoadsorbent column using blood group A trisaccharide was tested in vitro and in vivo in dogs. This column was demonstrated to specifically remove anti-A antibody from human plasma in vitro and in vivo dogs specifically immunized with synthetic human blood group A trisaccharide. These studies indicate that this technique will be useful in removing anti-A and B antibody in marrow transplant recipients of incompatible marrow. PMID- 7015595 TI - Endocrine function of the heterotopic pancreatic allotransplant in dogs. I. Normal and rejection. AB - After heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation in dogs and in the absence of rejection there was a fasting normoglycemia with a marked hyperinsulinemia. On intravenous glucose tolerance testing and intravenous glucagon testing, the blood sugar response of dogs receiving no immunosuppression was normal but the response in dogs receiving immunosuppressive therapy was exaggerated. There was a marked increase in the insulin response compared with normal animals whether or not immunosuppressive therapy was administered. The first endocrine even during allograft rejection seemed to be a drop in the pancreatic insulin reserve as demonstrated by plasma insulin results during a glucagon test; occurring 2 to 3 days before clinically overt rejection. This was also found on glucose tolerance testing. A rise in the fasting plasma insulin occurred next, 1 to 2 days before a rise in the fasting blood sugar. As the rejection process progressed, the plasma insulin levels subsequently dropped until the death of the animal. If, during a rejection process, the blood sugar did not rise above 150 mg/100 ml and the plasma insulin level did not drop below the lower limit of normal the rejection was usually reversible with intravenous methylprednisolone. PMID- 7015596 TI - Effects of thymectomy, thoracic duct drainage, and radiation of T and B lymphocyte distribution and cardiac allograft survival in rats. PMID- 7015597 TI - Characterization of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in renal transplantation. AB - Anti-B cell, anti-T cell, and antiperipheral blood lymphocyte antibodies were investigated in the sera from 115 cadaveric kidney graft recipients pre- and post transplantation. These antibodies were characterized: optimal temperature for cytotoxicity (4 C or 22 C), immunoglobulin class (IgG or IgM), and reactivity after platelet absorption, and thereafter defined according to their influence on the graft survival. Patients with IgM anti-B cell antibodies, reacting mostly at 4 C, the activity of which could not be removed by platelet absorption, have a prognosis of the graft as good as those with no antibody, i.e., the graft function (serum creatinine and severity of rejection) at 3 years was comparable between those two groups. However, when the anti-B cell antibodies unabsorbable on platelets are of IgG class and detected at 4 C and 22 C, the graft outcome is poorer (P less than 0.025 at 3 months). A similar prognosis is observed in patients with antiperipheral blood lymphocyte antibodies of IgG or IgM class, absorbable or not on platelets (P less than 0.05). Lymphocytotoxic antibodies of the IgG class are always associated with a poor graft outcome. On another hand, the cold anti-B cell antibodies of the IgM class are not associated with graft failure but no enhancing effect could be seen. PMID- 7015598 TI - Renal transplant in a patient with major donor-recipient blood group incompatibility: reversal of acute rejection by the use of modified plasmapheresis. AB - A 47-year-old patient with blood group O inadvertently received a mismatched kidney from a donor of blood group A. Two days after transplantation, the clinical, biochemical manifestation of an intrarenal, intravascular coagulation was seen. This was treated by plasma exchange with the rapid reversal of all parameters, and reduction of both the IgG and IgM component of the circulating anti-A antibody. The patient, 20 months after transplantation, has normal renal function. Subsequent repeated biopsies have shown no recurrence or manifestation of the effects of the intravascular coagulopathy. This case report documents, for the first time, the reversal of the known deleterious effects of major blood group incompatibility on renal transplantation by the use of a new technique, modified plasmapheresis. Furthermore, it implies that the limitation of transplantation of kidneys on the basis of major ABO blood groups may not be justifiable in all instances. PMID- 7015599 TI - Pathogenesis and prevention of graft arteriosclerosis in an experimental heart transplant model. AB - Accelerated graft arteriosclerosis is a major cause of death in human heart transplantation. Despite many investigations, the pathogenesis of this disease remains undetermined and its control inadequate. In this study using a rat heart transplant model and cyclosporin A, a new immunosuppressant, acute rejection was prevented but arteriosclerotic-like vessel disease still developed consistently as early as 20 days postoperatively. The combination of cyclosporin A and dipyridamole prevented the development of this vessel disease in transplanted hearts at 20 and 50 days postoperatively. Sulfinpyrazone and cyclosporin A reduced but did not prevent the disease. These findings suggest that immunologically induced graft arteriosclerosis can be prevented in transplanted rat hearts by the combination of cyclosporin A and dipyridamole. PMID- 7015600 TI - Failure of T and B cell cooperation during graft-versus-host disease. AB - Possible explanations for the immune deficiency usually associated with graft versus-host disease include defective lymphocyte differentiation and active suppressor cell mechanisms. The present observations in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease delineate yet another possible mechanism: a failure of successful interaction between competent patient lymphocytes. Thus, helper and suppressor T cells as well as precursor B cells for the generation of specific in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were present among patient lymphocytes and could interact normally with cells from four unrelated normal donors and produce PFC responses. In contrast, patient cells failed to interact successfully with each other and generate PFCs. This suggests a highly (self-) specific block in cell interaction that could explain the inability of the patient to mount a PFC response in vitro as well as a number of antibody responses in vivo during this phase of his disease. PMID- 7015601 TI - Use of indium-111-labeled cells in measurement of cellular dynamics of experimental cardiac allograft rejection. AB - This study evaluates the kinetics and utility of infused indium-111-labeled cells in detecting rejection in ACI to Lewis rat heart allografts. Syngeneic leukocytes, lymph node lymphocytes, and platelets were isolated and labeled with indium-111 (111In) oxine, respectively, and were infused i.v. into Lewis rats carrying beating ACI or syngeneic hearts from post-transplant days 0 to 6. Recipients were imaged serially at 24 hr after infusion of labeled cells followed by excision of both native and transplanted hearts for direct isotope count. Labeled leukocytes accumulative progressively in the allograft with the scan becoming positive by post-transplant day 4. The ratio of allograft to native heart isotope counts rose from 1.25 on day 1 to 10.07 (P less than 0.0001) on day 7. The Lewis recipients infused with labeled lymphocytes showed a positive scan on days 6 and 7 whereas the allograft to native heart isotope count ratio rose from 0.97 on day 1 to 5.33 (P less than 0.001) on day 7. Recipients infused with 111In-labeled platelets showed a positive scan on days 5 to 7 and the allograft to native heart isotope count ratio rose sharply from 2.56 on day 4 to 16.98 (P less than 0.005) on day 7. Syngeneic heart grafts failed to demonstrate significant accumulation of any of the labeled cell population. These studies confirm the importance of nonlymphocytic cells in cellular rejection, evaluate the kinetics of graft invasion by the various cell types, and suggest that the techniques used afford a method for a safe and an early detection of allograft rejection. PMID- 7015602 TI - Natural killer cell activity in human bone marrow recipients: early reappearance of peripheral natural killer activity in graft-versus-host disease. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity toward K562 target cells and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) toward L1210 cell sensitized with anti-L1210 antisera were sequentially tested in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 24 human bone marrow (BM) recipients. Although consistently decreased before the transplant, NK cell activity was restored in all of the patients tested that argues for a bone marrow origin of NK progenitors in humans. In patients without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), peripheral NK cell activity remained low during the 1st month after the transplant, then rapidly increased and reached normal values usually between days 30 and 50. By contrast, peripheral ADCC appeared earlier restored (since day 13), suggesting that NK and ADCC are two distinct effector mechanisms. When restored, peripheral NK cell activity remained within normal range, except in seven cases with a drastic fall in NK cell values contemporary with a severe viral infection, mainly with cytomegalovirus (CMV). NK cells are thus suggested to play an important role in the control of viral infections in these deeply immunodepressed patients. In patients with acute GVHD, strikingly high NK values were observed early after the transplant, and during the 1st month a strong correlation did exist between high NK values and acute GVHD occurrence. These results suggest that cells involved in GVHD mechanism are able to exert NK cell activity at some stages of their maturation. The assessment of NK cell activity could be an attractive routine procedure for monitoring the prophylaxis of GVHD in human BM recipients. PMID- 7015603 TI - Amelioration of graft-versus-host disease by pretreatment of allogeneic cells with Fab fragments. AB - We have previously reported the protective effect of pretreatment of semiallogeneic marrow and spleen cells with Fab fragments of horse anti-mouse thymocyte globulin against otherwise 100% fatal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We have now examined the effect of this pretreatment in three allogeneic strain combinations of mice, namely, A leads to C57, CBA leads to CAF1, and CBA leads to BALB/c. Acute GVHD mortality at 15 days postirradiation and transplantation of untreated marrow and spleen cells was 100% in all the strain combinations. However, pretreatment of cells with Fab reduced acute GVHD mortality to 6, 13, and 33% for the CBA leads to CAF1, CBA leads to BALB/c, and A leads to C57 strain combinations, respectively. The combined mortality from both acute and secondary GVHD and all other causes at 60 and 200 days postirradiation was 6 and 11%, 20 and 39%, 50 and 66% for each of these strain combinations, respectively. These results provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of Fab in ameliorating acute GVHD and establish its applicability to allogeneic strain combinations. PMID- 7015604 TI - Expression of Ia-like antigens in normal human nonlymphoid tissues. AB - Recent results have demonstrated that Ia-like antigen expression in animal tissues is not restricted to cells associated with immune functions. Whether this phenomenon occurs in normal human tissues has been investigated in this study by indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat sections using monoclonal antibodies to framework determinants of Ia-like antigens. The results of this study show that Ia-like antigens are expressed on several normal human tissues of different embryonic origin. These include the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, bronchial glands, thymic reticuloepithelial cells (entodermic origin), epithelium of mammary gland, acinar cells of parotid, astrocytes (ectodermic origin), alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells, glomerular and peritubular renal endothelium, endometrium, and Langerhans cells (mesodermic origin). PMID- 7015605 TI - Specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts in mice. VI. Graft survival in mice pretreated with blood. AB - Very small amounts (0.5 to 2 microliters) of H-2-incompatible blood given 16 days before skin grafting led to the induction of a long-lived unresponsiveness when the mice were given a short postoperative course of alternating doses of procarbazine hydrochloride and antilymphocyte serum. This unresponsiveness, which was specific for the blood donor strain, was wholly attributable to the white cell moiety, plasma and red blood cells having proved to be ineffective. The optimal dose range of white blood cells was fairly narrow (7 x 10(3) to 1.4 x 10(4)). Of the various attempts made to demonstrate that the blood inoculum modified the response of normal mice, only direct skin grafting gave a positive result in that the survival of allogeneic skin grafts was curtailed. Mixtures of blood from several mouse strains injected into CBA recipients induced long-term unresponsiveness to skin grafts of the blood donor strains. However, although it was possible to create unresponsiveness to DBA/2, C57Bl, or strain A skin grafts in CBA mice pretreated with blood from a closed colony outbred strain (TO), this pretreatment had no beneficial effect to induce unresponsiveness to TO skin grafts in TO recipients. It is argued that these findings are no necessarily inconsistent with the observation that, in inbred animals, the induction of unresponsiveness was strain specific. PMID- 7015606 TI - Successful bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia using a HLA phenotypically identical parent. PMID- 7015607 TI - The capacity of lymphocytes from recipients of acutely rejecting allografts to modulate macrophage plasminogen activator activity. PMID- 7015608 TI - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. I. Acute, accelerated, and hyperacute reactions. AB - The morphology of first-set rejection of allogeneic murine skin grafts differs strikingly from that usually seen subsequent to sensitization. In the former, graft epithelium appears to be the primary target; in the latter, the endothelium of graft vessels. This difference suggests that different subsets of effector T cells may be involved. This paper reports an attempt to isolate, for further characterization, a T cell population associated with first-set rejection. The relationships between acute and hyperacute rejection of organ transplants and of murine skin grafts are discussed, as is the possible role of endothelium-specific antigens and receptors sites. PMID- 7015609 TI - Donor-specific B and T lymphocyte antibodies and kidney graft survival. AB - The prognostic significance of a positive B and/or T cell crossmatch test before transplantation was analysed in 174 cadaver kidney transplants. Thirty-one B cell positive crossmatches were observed. In 15 of these cases, T cell crossmatches were also found to be positive retrospectively (long incubation assays). In 16 patients with a positive B cell crossmatch, an anti-HLA-DR antibody was present, as judged by platelet absorption studies, whereas in the other patients the B cell activity of the sera was attributable to weak anti-HLA-A,B,C antibodies or to cold autoantibodies. The success rate at 3 months of positive B cell crossmatch transplants because of anti-HLA-A,B,C or anti-HLA-DR antibodies was 84% whereas that of grafts with negative B and T cells crossmatches was 79%. Patients with B cell autoantibodies had excellent graft survival. Serial serum samples from patients receiving transplants were tested against specific donor B and T cells kept frozen. B cell antibodies appeared or persisted in 38 of 44 patients tested. Many patients also had donor T cell antibodies. Platelet absorption studies showed that about one-half of the B cell antibodies were presumably anti-HLA-DR and one-half anti-HLA-A,B,C. Donor-specific anti-B cell antibodies were detected in 86% of the patients at the time of graft rejection but they were also detected in approximately 80% of patients with excellent graft survival. In these cases they were usually also reactive with the patient's own B cells. These results indicate that at least two types of donor-specific B and/or T cell antibodies must be distinguished, those directed against HLA (A,B,C, or DR) antigens possibly deleterious, and those against autologous B lymphocytes, possibly enhancing. PMID- 7015610 TI - Prolongation of cardiac xenograft survival in rats receiving cyclosporin A. AB - The effect of cyclosporin A was tested in a heterotopic cardiac xenograft model, in which hamster hearts were implanted into LEW rats. Despite the presence of low titers of rat anti-hamster lymphocytotoxic antibodies immediate rejection of the hamster hearts did not occur, suggesting that this model represented a xenogeneic barrier of moderate strength, compatible with the close relationship of the two species. Cyclosporin A, in doses approaching toxic levels of 35 or 50 mg/kg/day for 14 days, prolonged function of the cardiac xenografts for median survival times of 21 and 11 days, respectively, in contrast to the median survival of 2 days in untreated recipients. The lymphocytotoxic antibody response of the LEW rats to the cardiac xenograft was suppressed, even in doses that did not prolong graft survival. Only the dose of 50 mg/kg/day produced any significant alteration in the histological features of rejection in the cardiac xenografts. Although cyclosporin A markedly prolonged survival of cardiac xenografts between these two closely related species, the requirement of virtually toxic levels of the drug for an effect do not suggest that this drug will be of value in transplantation of vascularized organ xenografts. PMID- 7015612 TI - Antibodies to liver-specific auto- and alloantigens after alloimmunization with liver tissue in the rat. AB - LEW anti-DA liver homogenate and anti-DA liver vascularized graft sera were studied using 125I anti-immunoglobulin binding assays with liver homogenate as the target tissue. In both cases, a major component of the antibodies generated was autoantibody directed at a liver-specific antigen localized intracellularly in hepatocytes. These autoantibodies could not be detected by binding or cytotoxicity assays on lymphocyte targets. In addition, a component of the antibodies was shown to be directed against a liver-specific alloantigen located on the external and intracellular membranes of hepatocytes, and coded for by a locus not linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Alloantibodies were also demonstrated to both SD-type (RT.1A) and Ia-type (RT.1B) antigens of the MHC, with a preponderance of anti-SD antibodies. PMID- 7015611 TI - Antibody response after alloimmunization with heart tissue in the rat. Characterization of the autoantibodies. AB - LEW antisera to DA heart homogenate or DA vascularized allografts were studied using 125I anti-immunoglobulin binding assays with heart homogenate as the target tissue. In this way, the full spectrum of antibodies generated could be studied. In both sera, the main antibody generated was autoantibody directed at antigens found in highest concentration in heart tissue. These autoantibodies were readily demonstrated in binding assays using heart homogenate as target, but were not detected in binding or cytotoxicity assays with lymphocyte suspensions as targets. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the autoantibody response was complex. The autoantibodies in the antihomogenate serum were strong and were directed primarily at intracellular components found in the myocardial cells, the bases of the tubular cells in the kidney, and type I skeletal muscle fibers, and were possibly directed at mitochondria. The antigraft serum was weaker and contained, in addition to the putative antimitochondrial autoantibodies, autoantibodies directed at the intercalated discs. In addition, a component of the antibodies was directed at alloantigens and this is discussed in the succeeding paper. PMID- 7015613 TI - Are allogeneic and associative recognition coincident T cell paradigms? AB - T lymphocytes are obsessed with cell surface molecules encoded by genes of the MHC, particularly class I (K/D) gene products. In one paradigm, T cells recognize and are activated by allodisparate class I antigens (allogeneic recognition); in another paradigm, T lymphocytes recognize viral antigens or haptens in the context of syngeneic class I determinants (associative recognition). Whether these paradigms are coincident, or even overlapping, is unresolved. We have studied neonatal tolerance induction among the H-2Kb parent strain and several of its class I mutants as a means of analyzing the fine discrimination potential of T cell recognition. Neonatal C57BL/6 animals were rendered tolerant of Kb mutant antigens; bm1, bm3, bm5, or bm8. Similar panels of mutant mice were rendered tolerant neonatally of the parent Kb antigen. When fully tolerant, mature animals were challenged with third-party grafts bearing related Kb alloantigenic disparities, they proved to be highly discriminant. Kb animals tolerant of bm1 or bm3 always rejected third-party grafts bearing bm3 and bm1 antigens, respectively. Similarly, the majority of Kb animals tolerant of bm5 or bm8 (and vice versa) were able to distinguish accurately the tolerated antigen from third party antigens, rejecting grafts bearing the latter. Since associative recognition involving these antigens has been found to be at least partially degenerate and since neonatally tolerant animals nonetheless remain highly discriminant of these same antigenic variations, it is tempting to conclude that associative and allogeneic recognition address different aspects of T cell function. PMID- 7015614 TI - Improved renal function using adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in preservation of canine kidneys subjected to warm ischemia. AB - Previous studies have shown that adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP MgCl2) administered after 30 to 60 min of renal ischemia ameliorated the resulting acute renal failure in different species of animals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether addition of ATP-MgCl2 to the perfusate during renal preservation, prior to transplantation, might improve renal function. Dog kidneys were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 35 min, after which they were preserved by pulsatile perfusion for 24 hr at 7 C. The perfusate contained albumin in a balanced electrolyte solution with an without ATP-MgCl2. Following 24 hr of pulsatile perfusion, the kidneys were autotransplanted and renal function was determined 3 days post-transplantation. The results indicated that dog kidneys subjected to ischemia followed by perfusion preservation developed severe oliguric renal failure 3 days after transplantation. However, if ATP-MgCl2 was added to the perfusate, such kidneys demonstrated markedly improved renal function and ATP levels. These results indicate that kidneys which have been subjected to episodes of warm ischemia could be salvaged by addition of ATP-MgCl2 to the perfusate. PMID- 7015616 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis studies in renal allograft recipients. AB - Cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) reactivity against the splenocytes of the kidney donor might be a good in vitro correlate of the homograft reaction. The present study was performed in an attempt to determine whether CML nonreactivity between unrelated donor-recipient combinations occur and, if so, under what conditions. We were able to show that CML nonreactivity occurs between unrelated donor recipient combinations in 70% of the nonrejecting patients, whereas all of the rejecting patients were CML reactive. Patients with CML nonreactivity did clinically well more frequently than those that were CML reactive. The question as to whether or not such variables as HLA-A, B, and DR match and sex, the number of pretransplant blood transfusions, and the degree of presensitization, etc. predispose to the development of donor-specific CML nonreactivity was studied as well. Sex and compatibility for HLA-B antigens between donor and recipient might be such factors. PMID- 7015615 TI - Circulating immune complexes in pediatric renal allograft rejection. AB - Previous reports on the generation and nephritogenic capacity of post-transplant circulating immune complexes (CICs) are conflicting. To assess the pathogenicity of CICs in acute rejection (AR), 784 CIC determinations were performed on 392 serum samples from 27 pediatric renal allograft recipients using the C1q-solid phase assay (C1q-SPA) and the Raji cell radioimmunoassay (Raji-RIA). Serum samples from transplant recipients not undergoing rejection episodes and from normal subjects served as controls. Of the 784 CIC determinations, 723 (92.3%) were negative in both assays. CICs were present at some point post-transplant in eight (19.6%) recipients. Correlation of CIC levels with allograft rejection was found in only two patients with CIC levels responding to antirejection therapy; however, statistical analysis of data by chi 2 analysis failed to reveal a significant correlation of CICs with AR episodes. Allograft histology in three recipients demonstrated characteristic signs of AR. Immunofluorescent studies did not reveal significant deposition of immunoglobulin or complement. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies confirmed the immune complex nature of materials reactive with the CIC assays. There was no immunological evidence supporting antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as an immunogen in patients demonstrating CICs post-transplant. CICs do not appear to be an important mediator of AR. Statistical analysis of data using the chi 2 test failed to reveal a positive correlation of CIC levels with AR or ultimate allograft outcome. PMID- 7015617 TI - Bone marrow transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers in mice. Effect of elimination of T cells from donor grafts by treatment with monoclonal Thy-1.2 plus complement or antibody alone. AB - The current studies were designed to evaluated optimal conditions for reduction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by removal of donor T cells from bone marrow inoculum. A model was used in which the addition of spleen cells to donor marrow heavily favored the development of lethal GVHD. Treatment of donor bone marrow plus spleen cells with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement protected lethally irradiated recipients from GVHD across major histocompatibility barriers better than donor cells treated with the same dilution of antibody alone. Engraftment was demonstrated by the presence of high percentages of donor cells in the peripheral blood of these animals and the long-term survival of donor skin grafts. These results may be important in light of the development of new antihuman T cell monoclonal antibodies which may be used in the treatment of donor marrow in clinical transplantation. PMID- 7015619 TI - Gastric lymphomas arising in two patients with renal allografts. PMID- 7015618 TI - Kidney transplant in multiple myeloma. Early recurrence in the graft with sustained normal renal function. PMID- 7015620 TI - Anomalous relationship between duration of ischemia and survival after orthotopic transplantation of the liver. PMID- 7015621 TI - An investigation of the immunosuppressive effects of niridazole and metronidazole in rat and baboon heterotopic cardiac allograft models. AB - Niridazole alone (at 50 mg/kg/day) and particularly in combination with azathioprine and prednisolone showed potent immunosuppressive activity, far surpassing that produced by conventional agents, in the rat heterotopic cardiac allograft model. Benzoylmetronidazole or metronidazole (at 50 mg/kg/day) either alone or in combination with azathioprine and prednisolone demonstrated little immunosuppressive activity. The potent immunosuppression obtained with niridazole in the rat could not be reproduced in the baboon heterotopic cardiac allograft model in the doses used; niridazole at 50 mg/kg/day seems to be toxic in this animal. PMID- 7015623 TI - Allograft tolerance in pigs after fractionated lymphoid irradiation. II. Kidney graft after conventional total lymphoid irradiation and bone marrow cell grafting. PMID- 7015624 TI - The role of antibody in rat renal allograft rejection. I. Absence of antibody to erythrocyte-associated antigens is associated with enhanced renal allograft survival. AB - Three biweekly infusions of a x 10(10) highly purified LEW (RT1l) erythrocytes (LEW-E) administered to BN (RT1n) rats commencing at 1 month of age failed to elicit alloantibody or cell-mediated cytotoxicity against LEW target cells. The magnitude of the proliferative response of lymphocytes taken from LEW-E-infused BN rats in unilateral mixed lymphocyte culture against LEW stimulator cells was identical to that of control BN lymphocytes. LEW renal grafts inserted in LEW-E infused BN rats showed a markedly prolonged survival which was specific since Wistar (RT1u) renal allografts were acutely rejected. LEW kidneys grafted to unmodified and LEW-E-infused BN recipients elicited cytotoxic antibody responses to Ia-like antigens and cellular immune responses of identical magnitude and specificity. On the other hand, LEW renal grafts evoked hemagglutinating alloantibody in control BN recipients but failed to do so in LEW-E-infused BN recipients. This unresponsiveness to LEW-E-associated antigens was specific since Wistar renal grafts elicited anti-Wistar hemagglutinin responses in LEW-E-infused BN recipients. These results suggest that antibodies to LEW-E-associated alloantigens play an essential role in the acute rejection of LEW renal grafts by BN recipients. PMID- 7015622 TI - Allograft tolerance in pigs after fractionated lymphoid irradiation. I. Skin grafts after partial lateral irradiation and bone marrow cell grafting. PMID- 7015625 TI - Cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. A paradox of shortage in the face of plenty. AB - The number of cadaveric kidneys currently available for transplantation is insufficient; therefore, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) undertook a collaborative pilot project to increase the number of cadaveric kidneys available for transplantation. In phase one, a retrospective review of medical records of in-hospital deaths was done to determine the potential number of cadaveric kidney donors and to define the characteristics of potential donors. The medical records of 10,420 (43.1%) of the 24,164 patients who died in 67 acute-care hospitals in Georgia, Kansas, and Missouri were retrieved. In addition to determining suitability for donorship, criteria were developed to reflect the broadest range of criteria in use. By center-specific criteria there were 1.7 potential donors/100 in-hospital deaths, which could make available 109 kidneys/million population. By broad intercenter criteria there were 3.5 potential donors/100 in hospital deaths, which could provide 232 kidneys/million population. During 1975, by center-specific criteria, kidneys from 19.3% of the suitable potential donors were retrieved. The small number of transplantable cadaveric kidneys retrieved was not attributable to lack of suitable organs but rather the failure to identify suitable donors, obtain consent, and retrieve the kidneys. PMID- 7015629 TI - Cyclosporin a can abrogate the sensitizing effect of blood transfusion in rats without interfering with its beneficial influence. PMID- 7015627 TI - Evaluation of the blood transfusion policy of the north Italy transplant program. PMID- 7015628 TI - A successful technique of segmental pancreatic autotransplantation in the dog. PMID- 7015626 TI - Increasing the supply of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. AB - The number of cadaveric kidneys currently available for transplantation is insufficient. Therefore, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) undertook a collaborative project with the two transplant programs in Georgia to increase te retrieval of cadaveric kidneys. We used retrospective analysis to select productive hospitals, hospital-specific surveillance systems to identify potential donors, and procurement and retrieval evaluation to identify preventable deficiencies. During 900 hospital months of prospective surveillance, we identified a total of 555 potential donors by death record review, giving a potential donor rate of 2.3 donors/100 deaths (110 kidneys/million population/year). We observed an increase in the number of referrals, consent obtained from next of kin, and kidneys retrieved. This period of intensive activity demonstrated that additional kidneys can be retrieved by using systematic methods. PMID- 7015630 TI - Effect of prospective matching for HLA-DR on renal allograft survival in a single center. PMID- 7015632 TI - The effect of transfusions in related donor kidney transplantation. PMID- 7015631 TI - Effects of "high" and "low" doses of humoral antibodies on allotransplanted tissue in inbred rats. PMID- 7015634 TI - Plasmodium falciparum in vitro culture: improvements using umbilical cord serum and medium modifications. AB - Umbilical cord serum is a cheap, readily available source of human serum which promotes in vitro P. falciparum growth as well or even better than adult serum, and gives more consistent results. By increasing to 35 mM the HEPES concentration in RPMI medium, the time elapsed between two medium changes can be extended to 48 hours (or even to 72 hours if optimum multiplication rates are not required). An initial parasitemia of 0.2% with medium changes on day 2 and 3, generally results in 6 to 12% parasitemia on day 4 (30 to 60 X/96 hours). PMID- 7015633 TI - Pregnancy associated recrudescence in murine malaria (Plasmodium berghei). AB - Depending on the strain, a variable proportion of mice solidly immune to the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei developed a recrudescence during pregnancy that was either transient or lethal. Recrudescence was not observed in all mice, and the rate was lower in gravida II as compared to gravida I mice. On the other hand a proportion of the mice that did not develop recrudescence exhibited a pregnancy associated clearance of persisting parasites in immune mice (premunition-sterile immunity), being more pronounced in gravida II than gravida I mice. Development of the mechanism of enhanced clearance is apparently parasite dependent. Enhanced clearance was manifest until day 4 of pregnancy. Pregnancy associated immunodepression was observed most strongly between day 4 and 16 of pregnancy, when the highest rates of recrudescence and associated mortality were found. Immunodepression apparently disappears at the end of pregnancy or shortly after parturition. PMID- 7015635 TI - Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of filariasis and echinococcosis. AB - The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was compared with the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT), the Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHA) and Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (CIE) in the serological examination for filariasis and echinococcosis. The ELISA was the most sensitive but least specific method. The most striking phenomena were the cross-reactions observed when filariasis sera and E. granulosus hydatid fluid antigen were tested and vice versa, when echinococcosis sera were tested with D. viteae antigen. Crossreacting antibodies could be absorbed with the non-corresponding antigens. ELISA proved to be the most convenient test for the screening of large numbers of sera. For a specific diagnosis however it was nevertheless essential to test ELISA reactive sera with other methods. PMID- 7015636 TI - The susceptibility of Liberian Culex quinquefasciatus to Wuchereria bancrofti in Sri Lanka. AB - Strains of Culex quinquefasciatus collected in Liberia showed low susceptibility to Wuchereria bancrofti from Liberian donors. However, when the same mosquito strains were fed on W. bancrofti donors from Sri Lanka they showed equally high susceptibility as Sri Lankan C. quinquefasciatus simultaneously fed on the same donors. A Liberian strain did not respond to selection for refractoriness. Thus the strains of W. bancrofti from Liberia and Sri Lanka differ in their ability to infect specific mosquito strains and it is concluded that Liberian C. quinquefasciatus could not provide genes for use in the construction of a refractory strain intended for the replacement of Sri Lankan vector populations. PMID- 7015638 TI - Serobiological differentiation between antischistosomal (Schistosoma mansoni) antisera. AB - Sera from chronically infected mice and from mice immunized with a soluble worm extract were both cytotoxic in vitro to schistosomula and exhibited similar antibody titers when tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique with unmodified schistosomula. However, only the former type of antiserum was passively protective and highly reactive by IFA technique with schistosomula modified by heat or by successive heat and pronase treatments. These results indicate that in vitro cytotoxic antibody activity and passive protectivity are unrelated antischistosomal activities and suggest therefore that quantitatively or qualitatively different antibodies may be involved in their execution. It is yet unclear whether antibodies to the "treatment resistant" determinants are involved in protection, although they reach maximal expression between 10 and 16 weeks after infection, at which time protective immunity was demonstrable. The treated schistosomula are capable of inducing antibodies in mice and the antisera raised against them exhibited different patterns of activity when cross-tested by the IFA technique with untreated and treated schistosomula. The antigenic hierarchy of the "treatment resistant" determinants is discussed in view of the various serological findings. PMID- 7015637 TI - A review of Simulium damnosum s.l. and human onchocerciasis in Nigeria, with special reference to geographical distribution and the development of a Nigerian national control campaign. AB - The confirmed geographical distribution of human onchocerciasis and its Simulium damnosum complex vectors in Nigeria is reviewed with the aim of defining the endemic zones of the disease relevant to the planning of a Nigerian national onchocerciasis control campaign. Five major endemic zones are recognized, a terminology suggested for them, their sizes estimated and the disease and vector situation within each zone briefly described; four of the zones are in savanna areas of the north, and the fifth in forest-savanna mosaic and forest areas of the south-west. Other areas where disease and/or vectors have been reported are briefly considered. Maps are given of known vector breeding sites, of disease distribution, and of the approximate extent of the anticipated control zones. The scanty available data on cytospecies identity of the vectors, vector biting rates, and Onchocerca volvulus transmission potentials, are reviewed, and it is stressed that acquisition of distributional data for the individual members of the S. damnosum complex and of ATP data is essential for the planning of control. An historical resume, accompanied by a comprehensive bibliography of the published literature, of the work to date in Nigeria is included. PMID- 7015639 TI - Effect of physostigmine on Plasmodium falciparum in culture. AB - Human erythrocytes contain 7 electrophoretically different alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases. Their solubility properties indicate that 5 are present in the erythrocyte cytoplasm and 2 are tightly bound to the stroma; the stroma-bound esterases can be inhibited by 10(-5) M physostigmine. No additional physostigmine sensitive enzymes were detectable in Plasmodium falciparum-infected cells. Addition of physostigmine to malaria parasites in culture killed the parasites rapidly. PMID- 7015641 TI - [A study on the fitness test of the muscle pressure surface of the denture]. PMID- 7015640 TI - Imported shigellosis: aerogenic Shigella boydii 74 (Sachs A 12) in a traveller followed by two cases of laboratory-associated infections. AB - During their holiday in Tunesia two members of a family developed severe dysentery which prompted hospitalization of one of them after their return to Germany. Shigella boydii 4 was isolated from a stool culture. From another, healthy family member an aerogenic, mannitol negative strain of S. boydii 14 (formerly Sachs A 12) was isolated which subsequently infected a laboratory technician when she was handling the fecal specimen. A second laboratory infection due to this organism occurred while performing the Sereny test of pathogenicity. Both persons developed a severe dysenteric syndrome. The increasing problem of imported shigellosis in the Federal Republic of Germany and the particularity of gas-production in Shigella strains are discussed. PMID- 7015642 TI - [Relationship between dowel forms and their retentive forces]. PMID- 7015644 TI - Lithium carbonate in the treatment of drug-induced leukopenia in patients with solid tumors. AB - The authors report on the first part of an ongoing controlled trial (52 cases) on the evaluation of the effectiveness of Li2CO3 treatment of drug-induced leukopenia in patients with solid tumors. The results indicate that treatment with 750 mg/day per os of Li2CO3 for 7 days is capable of raising the leukocyte count to a highly significant extent, without serious side effects. The leukocytosis is due to an increase in neutrophil granulocytes. PMID- 7015645 TI - A new CMF regimen. AB - In CMF regimen, gastric disturbances secondary to oral administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) frequently induce many patients to take the drug erratically, to lower the daily dose, or to divide it in many administrations. These alterations act as a source of uncertainty in the evaluation of treatment results and may decrease the chemotherapy effectiveness. An i.v. CTX administration is proposed, and the rationale of such a proposal in examined. Data on the mild toxicity of the new schedule are reported. PMID- 7015643 TI - Microelisa test for detecting antibodies to rinderpest virus antigens. AB - A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which detected antibodies to a soluble antigen prepared from sonicated rinderpest virus infected cells. The ELISA detected titres of antibody to the virus in the sera of cattle 3 weeks after immunisation with tissue culture rinderpest virus vaccine which were similar to those detected by the virus neutralisation test. The ELISA test shows potential as a rapid and economic technique for screening large numbers of sera for antibody to rinderpest virus. PMID- 7015646 TI - [Cefuroxime-tobramycin treatment of bacterial infections in cancer patients]. AB - Twenty-five patients with different metastatic tumors, and often with other diseases which may have further compromised their defenses (such as diabetes, anemia and neutropenia), had a simultaneous bacterial complication. This was regarded as documented (i.e., proved by positive culture) in 12 of 25 patients, and probable if subjective and objective symptoms, X-ray, laboratory tests and the clinical picture agreed with bacterial infection in progress, even though the culture was negative, in 13 of 25 patients. Antibiotic therapy with cefuroxime tobramycin gave good results in 19 of 25 patients, i.e., in 10 of 12 with a documented infection and in 9 of 13 with a probable infection. Fever of unknown origin and urinary infections were the most responsive to the therapy. Three of 25 patients had nephrotoxicity, with a very small rise in BUN and creatinine, which was easily reversible. According to our experience, antibiotic therapy with cefuroxime-tobramycin would be useful in cancer patients with bacterial complications because of its effectiveness and tolerability. PMID- 7015648 TI - Overview article: ultrastructural features of the common epithelial tumors of the ovary. PMID- 7015647 TI - Profile: Albert V. Crewe. PMID- 7015650 TI - [Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria from Tanzania sensitivity tested in vivo]. PMID- 7015649 TI - [Diclofenac (Voltaren) - post-marketing evaluation. An open study on patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7015651 TI - Tissue characterization. PMID- 7015652 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971. No. 24. PMID- 7015653 TI - Paediatric dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 7015654 TI - Twenty-first birthday of the Renal Unit at the Belfast City Hospital. PMID- 7015655 TI - Virus infections in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7015657 TI - Plasma prednisolone measurements in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7015656 TI - Pharmacological immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7015658 TI - The time of administration of immunosuppressives. PMID- 7015659 TI - Improved kidney graft survival in Eurotransplant by HLA-DR matching and prospectively given blood transfusions. PMID- 7015661 TI - John Creery Ferguson 1802-1865: Physician and fetologist. PMID- 7015660 TI - Cyclosporin A in clinical organ grafting. First Northern Ireland Kidney Research Fund lecture. PMID- 7015662 TI - They comfort me. The history of nursing in Belfast. PMID- 7015664 TI - Current uroradiologic literature. PMID- 7015666 TI - Mechanism of human penile erection: an overview. PMID- 7015663 TI - Galileo in Queen's. PMID- 7015667 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of renal cortical abscess. PMID- 7015665 TI - Intracellular crystal formation in bacteria from human urines: a contributing factor in urinary calculi. AB - Understanding of the bacterial contribution to urinary calculi has been limited to those organisms capable of altering the urine through urease activity. Sterilized urines from stone forming and non-stone forming individuals were inoculated with bacteria having either strong, weak, or no urease activity. All organisms grown in unbuffered urines produced crystallization (calcite or apatite) as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Bacteria grown in conventional medium (Heart Infusion broth) did not demonstrate crystal formation. Unstained specimens revealed electron-dense deposits within bacteria grown in urine. Deposits were not present in organisms grown in conventional media. Analysis revealed increased levels of calcium within these deposits as compared to extracellular levels. These findings support the hypothesis that both urease producing an non-urease producing organisms may accumulate calcium crystals intracellularly and form nidi for calculus formation. PMID- 7015668 TI - Urinary tract infection caused by group-B streptococcus in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7015670 TI - Cinoxacin for treatment and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. AB - Cinoxacin, an orally administered synthetic antimicrobial agent, is highly effective in the treatment of urinary tract caused by most urinary tract pathogens. Its high prolonged urinary concentration, low incidence of adverse reactions, low fecal concentration, infrequent induction of resistant bacterial strains, and broad antimicrobial spectrum are valuable attributes. Its efficacy for prolonged low-dose preventive therapy of frequently recurring infections adds to this new drug's importance. PMID- 7015671 TI - [Interlamellar keratoplasty using the crystalline capsule in bullous keratopathy]. PMID- 7015669 TI - Chemotherapy in metastatic, hormone refractory prostatic cancer using chlorambucil in combination with prednisolone versus conjugate, prednimustine (Leo 1031). AB - Chlorambucil plus prednisolone were administered to 11 patients with metastasis hormone refractory prostatic cancer, and the results were contrasted with a previously reported series of 23 similar patients treated with the chemical conjugate of these two agents, known as prednimustine or Leo 1031. The conjugated form of treatment (Leo 1031) had a limited therapeutic advantage, in that 3 patients experienced shrinkage of an enlarged prostate, 2 of whom also had elevated acid phosphatase levels return to normal and 5 others experienced only subjective improvement. There were, however, more adverse side effects in this group than those noted in patients treated with the combination of agents. Patients treated with the combination of drugs experienced no appreciable tumor shrinkage and none had acid phosphatase return to normal, although some reduction was noted in 8 of 11 patients who had elevated levels initially. Two of the 11 patients were considered stable for twelve months and one other remained ambulatory with mild pain for six months. Thus, to the degree that these studies permit, it is judged that the conjugated agent may have some limited therapeutic advantage not observed when the unconjugated agents were used. PMID- 7015672 TI - [Biochemical criteria for assessing the crystalline capsule as a graft in interlamellar keratoplasty]. PMID- 7015673 TI - [Pharmaceutical and clinical evaluation of soluble pilocarpine eye films]. PMID- 7015674 TI - [Pancreatoduodenal resection or total pancreatectomy? (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 7015675 TI - [Hollander's insulin test as an index of the effectiveness of vagotomy]. PMID- 7015676 TI - [Repeated kidney transplantation]. AB - Of 223 allotransplantation 42 operations for the transplantation of a kidney were performed for the second time, 9--for the third time and 3--for the fourth time. In 39% of cases retransplantation was performed within the period from 15 days to 3.5 years after the removal of the non-functioning kidney transplant, in 20% of cases it was ablated during retransplantation and in 26% of cases the non functioning transplant remained intact. In 15% of cases an original method for the substitution of the non-functioning kidney allotransplant for a new one was used. In such cases transplantectomy and ipsilateral retransplantation were performed simultaneously. Total results of retransplantation were worse than after primary allotransplantations of the kidney. PMID- 7015678 TI - A single radial haemolysis test for measuring canine parvovirus antibody. PMID- 7015677 TI - Veterinarians and trapping (a reply). PMID- 7015679 TI - Field use of an irradiated blood vaccine to protect cattle against redwater (Babesia divergens infection) on a farm in Dorset. AB - A field trial was conducted in Dorset to determine whether calves could be protected against babesiosis by the prior inoculation of irradiated blood infected with Babesia divergens. The trial involved 99 Friesian heifers. Forty were inoculated with infected blood from a donor calf after the blood had been irradiated to a dose of 28 kilorads, 31 were immune animals which had grazed on the infected site the previous year and 28 were susceptible animals. After exposure on a hillside where there was a high risk of contracting the disease, 21 of 28 susceptible animals became clinically affected by redwater and required treatment whereas no animals in the other two groups were affected. It was shown that there was a 100 per cent risk of disease at the site and serological and haematological evidence corroborated the clinical results in demonstrating total protection of the vaccinated animals. Vaccination against redwater appears preferable to therapy, since vaccination before exposure on an infected pasture can replace frequent monitoring of the animals and subsequent therapy late in the course of the disease. PMID- 7015680 TI - Canine intestinal intussusception following renal and pancreatic transplantation. AB - In 138 mongrel dogs given renal transplants, 10 developed postoperative intussusceptions. The sites were jejunojejunal (seven), ileo-ileal (two) and ileocolic (one). In 30 puppies given intrasplenic autografts of dispersed pancreatic fragments after total pancreatectomy, five developed jejunojejunal intussusceptions. Presenting signs included vomiting, failure to eat, periodic attacks of pain, straining with the passage of bloodstained mucous, dehydration, weight loss, abdominal wall rigidity and an abdominal mass. The majority of dogs presented within the first seven days following transplantation, occasionally as late as the third week. Early operative intervention was essential to save the dogs and at laparotomy eight of nine intussusceptions were successfully reduced manually; one small bowel resection was performed for irreducibility. Recurrence was not observed in this series but reoperation in the puppies was invariably fatal. Factors contributing to the development of intussusception in the puppies included round worm infestation, recent dietary change following weaning, malabsorption and diarrhoea due to pancreatic insufficiency following pancreatectomy and respiratory infections suggesting an infective origin for the intussusceptions. PMID- 7015682 TI - [Current status of the question of radiation therapy in nontumor diseases]. PMID- 7015681 TI - Reproductive tract lesions of the laying fowl with particular reference to bacterial infection. PMID- 7015683 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Roentgenology and Radiology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy]. PMID- 7015685 TI - [Elimination of multidrug resistance in E. coli in calves in vivo with rimactan]. AB - An experiment was carried out for eliminating the multimedicinal resistance markers of E. coli, populating the intestinal tract of calves, in vivo with rimactan introduced per os, and rationed 10 mg/kg of live weight, once during a period of 8 days. The highest percentage and the longest elimination were observed for the neomycin, the novobiocin and the chlornitromycin resistance markers. The elimination was weaker for the erythromycin, the streptomycin and the kanamycin markers and the weakest was for the penicillin and tetracycline markers. There appeared a difference in the elimination of the resistance markers with the different calves, especially for the markers with a low degree of elimination, depending on the individual peculiarities of the calves. Riphamycin proved to be an eliminating means for the resistance markers of E coli in vivo of calves suffering from enteritis. Alongside with the elimination of the resistance markers, due to the treatment of calves with rimactan, an almost complete recovery was achieved. Rimactan is a reliable means for fighting enteric illnesses with calves, caused by enteropathogenic E. coli. PMID- 7015684 TI - [Enteropathogenicity of E. coli strains isolated from calves]. AB - By applying the technique of ligated intestinal segments, comparative studies were carried out on the enteropathogenic character of E. coli eliminated from calves. In was proved that the anatomic-topographic position of ligated intestinal segments, as well as the quantity of the innoculated bacterial suspension, exercise an influence on the intensity of intestinal reaction. The first 2.5 m and the last 4 m of the thin intestines are inappropriate for the investigation because of the spurious reactions that take place in them. In was proved that the intestinal reaction was more pronounced in the front ofa the thin intestines in comparison with that in the pack part. Canamicin and hyperimmune K 99 antiserum, applied intramuscularly and subcutaneously, did not exercise any special influence on the enteropathogenic activity of E. coli strains. It is recommended that the antibiotics and the serum should be applied orally for the neutralization of EEC in the digestive tract. PMID- 7015686 TI - [History of artificial insemination of agricultural animals in Bulgaria]. PMID- 7015687 TI - [Beginning and development of artificial insemination of animals in Shumen District]. PMID- 7015688 TI - [Characteristics of the E. coli strains isolated from calves]. AB - A study was carried out on E. coli strains eliminated in the Pleven District. It was proved that 19.4% of the strains were enteropathogenic. The enteropathogenic E. coli provoked dilatation of the ligated intestinal segments. All enteropathogenic E. coli proved positive for K 99 antigen. For the non enteropathogenic E. coli K 99 antigen was not proved. The enteropathogenic E. coli strains referred to the serotypes O 101, O 8, O 9 and O 11, whereas the non enteropathogenic ones referred to the serotypes O 78, O 35, O 117, O 26, O 111 and O 86. The strains under consideration were not haemolytic. The prevailing part were sensitive to kanamycin, ampicillin, spectam, medium sensitive to streptomycin and slightly sensitive to furazolin and erythran. No differences were proved with regard to sensitivity both of enteropathogenic and nonenteropathogenic E. coli strains to antibiotics. PMID- 7015689 TI - [Attempt at eliminating the multiple drug resistance of E. coli in pigs with enteritis using Rimactin]. AB - The eliminating effect of rimactan was studied in vivo on resistance markers of E. coli, isolated from 18 new-born pigs with a clinic of enteritis. Rimactan is given per os in 15 mg/kg, liver weight, once a day in the course of 6 days. The sensitivity of the strains eliminated was checked in vitro in respect of 16 medicinal preparations (Pe, Sm, Km, Neo, Chl, Novo, Te, Er, Ty, Sp, Le, Am, Ox, Oxte, Ge-penicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, chlornitromycin, novobiocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, tylan, spectam, lentamycin, ampicillin, oxacillin, oxytetracycline, gentamicin and borgal). To 11 of them E. coli were resistant. After a treatment with rimactan an elimination of resistance markers was observed right on the first day, namely, with regard to Sm, Chl, Novo, Te, Er, Sp, Oxte. On the second day was eliminated the Pe-marker, on the third--the Ty-marker, and it was not until on the fifth day that Am and Ox-markers were eliminated. The elimination frequency was the highest between the third and the fifth days. The experiments studied also the sensitivity of the investigated coli strains with regard to different rimactan concentrations (2-256 mg/cm3) in vitro. It was most pronounced for a concentration of 16-32 mg/cm3. It was proved that rimactan can be used as a preparation for eliminating resistance markers (R factors) of E. coli in pigs suffering from enteritis. PMID- 7015691 TI - [Device for treating mandibular fractures]. PMID- 7015690 TI - [Increase in body resistance to exposure to high environmental temperatures (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7015692 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of imidazole-carboxamide and of a combination of nitrosomethylurea, vincristine and dactinomycin in disseminated melanoma]. AB - A randomized cooperative study comparing 2 regimens of chemotherapy (DTIC- 150mg/m2 iv days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and a combination of vincristine--1.4 mg/m2 iv days 1, 8, 15, nitrosomethylurea--200 mg/m2 iv days 3, 5, 10, 12 and dactinomycin -0.3 mg/m2 iv days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12) was carried out in 114 patients with disseminated skin melanoma. A combined chemotherapy course given to 58 patients was followed by complete response (CR) in 8 cases (13.7%) and partial response by over 50% (PR)--in 6 cases (10.4%). In 56 patients treated with DTIC, CR was registered in 4 patients (7.1%) and PR in 9 (16%). Patients resistant to one regimen did not respond to the other. PMID- 7015693 TI - [Use of preparation VM 26 (epipodophyllotoxin) for treating lymphomas in children and adults]. AB - A coordinated clinical trial (phase II) of preparation VM-26 supplied by Sandos (Switzerland) was carried out at 5 clinics in a total of 61 patients with lymphoma. Two regimens of VM-26 administration were employed: (1) 5-day courses of 30 mg/m2 iv with 7-14 day intervals, or (2) two injections of 50 mg/m2 a week, within 4-6 weeks, depending on drug tolerance Out of 15 children with Hodgkin's disease, 50% of cases showed complete or partial remission. Out of 27 adults with Hodgkin's disease, response was registered in 69.9 and a pronounced effect--in 1 26.1%. Out of 14 patients with lymphosarcomas, response was observed in 78.5 and a pronounced effect--in 57.2%. Toxic effect was not the cause of treatment suspension in most cases. PMID- 7015694 TI - [Petr Aleksandrovich Gertsen (on the 110th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7015695 TI - Peritoneal clearance of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. PMID- 7015696 TI - Candida infection in surgical patients. PMID- 7015700 TI - Elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7015697 TI - Surgical infections in drug addicts. PMID- 7015699 TI - A history of modern treatment of aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7015698 TI - The overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis problem. PMID- 7015701 TI - [Indications and methods of gingival sulcus hygrometry in dental practice]. PMID- 7015702 TI - [35 years of successful growth of health and social services in a rural area, illustrated by the example of the district of Sternberg, a typical Mecklenburg rural district]. PMID- 7015703 TI - [Bacteria and endotoxins in liver diseases]. PMID- 7015704 TI - [Hygienic bacteriological environmental tests in a recently opened urological clinic--monitoring the surgical department and the kidney transplantation center]. PMID- 7015705 TI - [Results of testing biological preparations for sterility 1970-1979]. PMID- 7015706 TI - [Epidemiology in the history of medical research in Berlin in the 19th century]. PMID- 7015708 TI - [immunoglobulins in amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy and fetal malformation (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 cases of normal pregnancy and 9 cases of foetal monstrosities the immunoglobulins G, A, M and albumin C3C and alpha 2MG were determined in the amniotic fluid. In neural tube defects the IgG, IgA and albumin concentrations were clearly above those found in normal pregnancies. IgM was not found in any of the cases, whereas alpha 2MG occurred in two cases of foetal monstrosity. There was no difference in C3C concentrations of both groups. PMID- 7015707 TI - Hepatic lesions in dogs treated with horse antidog lymphocyte globulin (HADLG) after kidney transplantation. AB - Microscopical examination of the liver of dogs which after allogenic kidney transplantation were transiently treated with antilymphocyte globulin revealed infiltrates of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, plasma and reticulum cells). These infiltrates were usually situated in perivascular spaces (around the central veins or on the portobiliary tract). A proportion of capillaries showed endothelial proliferation and the narrowing of their lumen. The authors were unable to determine whether these lesions resulted from the direct toxic effect of antilymphocyte globulin or represented a nonspecific reaction to the used preparation. PMID- 7015710 TI - [Venerology on stamps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015711 TI - [Precision of immunologic technics]. PMID- 7015709 TI - [Furunculoid myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a traveler returning from Africa and review of the literature]. AB - A 45-year old tourist returning from Dakar, Senegal had furunculoid cutaneous myiasis caused by larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga. The diagnosis was made on the return to Vienna by identification of the larvae found in the skin lesions. Since the cutaneous lesions may be easily confused with ordinary types of furunculosis, the diagnosis of cordylobiasis should be excluded in all travelers returning from endemic areas (Africa south to the Sahara), because this disease may be much more common than hitherto suspected. In addition to the differential diagnosis a review of the literature on similar case reports in recent years is presented. PMID- 7015712 TI - [Abdominal aorta, pelvic and leg arteries. Surgical treatment of chronic arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 7015715 TI - [Chronomedicine. New diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7015716 TI - [20 years of heart valve surgery (1). Development of artificial heart valves]. PMID- 7015713 TI - [Acute arterial occlusion]. PMID- 7015714 TI - [Therapy of elderly depressive patients. Lofepramine and amitriptyline under double-blind conditions]. PMID- 7015718 TI - [Current status of the prostacyclin story for clinical use]. PMID- 7015717 TI - [20 years of heart valve surgery (2). Clinical results]. PMID- 7015719 TI - [Metalloceramics, technic and clinical use]. PMID- 7015720 TI - [The dentist and anthropology. A report of the tooth and jaw proportions of 2 personalities from our common history]. PMID- 7015722 TI - [80 years of FDI--a chronicle of modern health policy]. PMID- 7015721 TI - [Disease of the solitary kidney]. PMID- 7015723 TI - [The dentist in this world--yesterday, today and tomorrow]. PMID- 7015724 TI - [Therapy of periodontally insufficient dentition as a periodontal-prosthetic problem]. PMID- 7015726 TI - [80 years of FDI--1900-1980. The time of rebuilding and reforming]. PMID- 7015725 TI - ["Simple" prosthetic case: the small mandibular bridge]. PMID- 7015727 TI - [80 years of FDI--"harvest years" 1962-1980]. PMID- 7015728 TI - [80 years of FDI--1900-1980. Commission activities 1962-1979]. PMID- 7015729 TI - [80 years of FDI--"harvest years" 1962-1980]. PMID- 7015730 TI - [Gypsum isolation and pressure from polymerization of acrylic resins]. PMID- 7015731 TI - [Observing rehabilitation rules for the greatly reduced dentition]. PMID- 7015732 TI - [Cooperation of patients as indication and limiting factors for successful prosthetic therapy]. PMID- 7015733 TI - [Bracket fixation with adhesives in orthodontics]. PMID- 7015736 TI - [Method of preparation of special models with new materials. 2. Preparation after ringless impression]. PMID- 7015734 TI - [Peculiarities in preparation of fixed partial prostheses (construction principles, technology, preparation of primary retention devices)]. PMID- 7015735 TI - [Position determination of removable prostheses]. PMID- 7015737 TI - [Construction of removable partial cast dentures for the maxilla]. PMID- 7015739 TI - [The case clasp with defined retention potential from the mechanico-physical and clinical views]. PMID- 7015738 TI - [Epidemiologic and construction aspects of removable partial cast dentures in the mandible]. PMID- 7015740 TI - [Technology of the removable partial case denture--reversible procedures]. PMID- 7015741 TI - [Top surfaces preparation and treatment of cast prostheses]. PMID- 7015742 TI - [The firmness of partial denture framework]. PMID- 7015743 TI - [Handling of dental plastic materials during casting. 3]. PMID- 7015745 TI - [Anastomoses in intestinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Prerequisites for anastomoses in intestinal surgery are: 1. no tension on the suture line, 2. preservation of vascularity, 3. cut bowel ends without malignant or severe inflammatory disease. Healing is influenced by general conditions, operative technique, kind and strength of suture material, number of sutures and layers and so on. Usually, a one step procedure with end-on single layer anastomosis is recommended. PMID- 7015744 TI - [Hormonal contraception--side effects and surgical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Hormonal contraception is at present the safest method to prevent pregnancy. In this survey the most important aspects of side-effects, drug interactions contraindications and indications for discontinuance are dealt with. PMID- 7015746 TI - [The knot suture, a simple method for the treatment of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7015748 TI - [Wilhelm Busch and medicine]. PMID- 7015747 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Richard von Volkmann on the 150th anniversary of his birth on 17 August 1980]. PMID- 7015749 TI - [Traumatologic problems in old age (author's transl)]. AB - In all fractures of the extremities survival has priority to local problems. The first thing to take care of is restitution of joint mobility, especially at the upper extremity (shoulder-and elbow joint). Early ambulation is facilitated by hanging cast and correctly indicated surgery, especially concerning humerus and elbow. At the lower extremities painless stability is more important than full mobilisation of the joints. Frequently a walking plaster cast is suited best for early ambulation and self support. Special problems are connected with fractures of the upper end of the femur. The increasing number of surgically treated fractures gives elderly people a better chance of survival. PMID- 7015750 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (25). Johann von Nussbaum]. PMID- 7015751 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (26)]. PMID- 7015752 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (27)]. PMID- 7015753 TI - [Possibilities for cultural diagnosis of vaginal flora (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are some possible approaches to culturing of vaginal flora. Plastic slides and various selective culturing media are described. The results so far achieved are likely to suggest that the above approach is applicable in practice. PMID- 7015754 TI - [Clinical obstetrics and perinatal mortality in 13 years (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a critical analysis of perinatal mortality which dropped from three to 1.1 per cent, between 1966 and 1978. The number of caesarean sections went up from two to 8.25 per cent, over the same period of time, with all indications having been foetal. No direct relationship was evident with intensive heart rate control of the foetus. The number of low-weight infants, that is less than 2,500 g in birth-weight, did not decrease in the period under review, in spite of tocolysis and cerclage. Perinatal mortality was conspicuous particularly for decline in intra-uterine and postpartum foetal deaths. There was a steady drop in uncorrected perinatal mortality, while the corrected figure remained constant over the past four years, though the rate of caesarean sections had been rising continuously. Therefore, perinatal mortality cannot be further reduced by continued increase in the number of caesarean sections. However, less low-weight births as well as improved monitoring and care of pregnant women will be answered to the problem. --Maternal mortality over the entire period under review amounted to 0.39 per thousand, against a total of 17 871 deliveries. PMID- 7015755 TI - Martin Lerche--in memoriam. PMID- 7015757 TI - [Severity of the clinical manifestations of Sonnei an flexner dysentery]. PMID- 7015756 TI - [Classification of the most important proliferating streptococci from the bovine female genital tract]. PMID- 7015758 TI - [Diagnostic Escherichial agglutinating OK-immunoglobulins and their reference reagents]. PMID- 7015759 TI - [Prolonged persistence of M. arthritidis and M. fermentans in the bodies of experimentally infected rats]. AB - The dynamics of the distribution of M. arthritidis and M. fermentans antigens in the organism of Wistar rats infected with these mycoplasmas introduced in a single injection has been studied. The indirect immunofluorescent test has shown that both Mycoplasma species are localized mainly in the lymphoid tissue, the bone marrow and the articular cartilage and that M. fermentans persists longer in these tissues (up to 1 year). The aggregate hemagglutination test has revealed that the antigens of both Mycoplasma species can be detected in the blood of the infected rats for 6 months. PMID- 7015760 TI - [Nutrient medium ensuring incorporation of radioactive thymidine into bacterial DNA]. PMID- 7015761 TI - [Informational characteristics of periodic cultures of enterobacteria]. PMID- 7015762 TI - [Salivary antibodies of Sonnei dysentery reconvalescents and healthy subjects with different probable risks of infection by Shigellae]. AB - The presence of homologous IgA and IgG was revealed in the saliva of convalescent patients with Sh. sonnei dysentery, examined 29 days to 4.5 months from the onset of the disease. The level and occurrence of IgA and IgG in the convalescent patients were several times greater than in healthy persons never subjected to the risk of Shigella infection. The records indicate that during the outbreaks of Sh. sonnei dysentery in children's institutions a considerable accumulation of homologous IgA and IgG occurred in the saliva of the members of the personnel unaffected by the infection (in comparison with healthy persons who had not been subjected to the risk of infection). The maximum immunological shift in the personnel was found to occur in the foci where the infection was transmitted by the alimentary route. The investigation of saliva samples for the presence of antibodies to Sh. sonnei may thus contribute to the epidemiological analysis in dysentery. PMID- 7015767 TI - Achilles tendon injury. 4. Structure of rabbit calf muscles after tendon repair with removable traction suture. AB - Immobilization after surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture with calf muscles in a slackened position induces extensive degeneration of the tonic muscle fibres. The optimal treatment in view of maintained muscle structure should be immobilization with kept tone in the muscles. This may be possible to achieve by using a traction suture. In this investigation such a method has been applied on rabbits. It was found that in spite of the occurrence of degenerative morphologic changes the total relative fibre area was numerically larger and separation of tendon ends was significantly smaller than when the routine method had been performed. It was concluded that the investigated technique offers some advantages with regard to the muscle fibre structure. PMID- 7015763 TI - [Protective properties of antigenic complexes of Proteus]. AB - To determine the possibility of the specific therapy and prevention of Proteus infection, the protective activity of antigenic complexes extracted from Pr. mirabilis cells by various methods was studied. Immunization of mice with these antigens rendered the animals resistant to challenge with a virulent Proteus strain, and the therapeutic injection of the antigens alleviated the infectious process developing as a result of intradermal infection. The blood sera of the treated rabbits acquired capacity of protecting mice from the Proteus infection. PMID- 7015765 TI - [Economo's epidemic encephalitis--unsolved neurologic problem (on the 60th anniversary of the description of Economo's encephalitis by Soviet neuropathologists)]. PMID- 7015766 TI - Bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction. Current concepts and indications. AB - The blood supply to the conducting system is reviewed. As a result of discrete lesion in individual coronary arteries, specific patterns of conduction disturbances arise during myocardial infarction. Inferior wall infarctions produce relatively benign arrhythmia with blocks proximal to the bundle of His. Anterior infarctions tend to produce malignant arrhythmias, with blocks distal to the bundle of His. The appearance of intraventricular conduction blocks and bundle branch blocks may often be the only indication of the development of high grade atrioventricular block. The mortality of patients post-myocardial infarction with different conduction disorders increases but varies according to the nature of the conduction disturbance. Based upon such information, recommendations for temporary and permanent pacing are developed. PMID- 7015768 TI - Postoperative wound infection after appendicectomy. Evaluation of infection risk with qualitative and quantitative incisional wound culture. AB - The predictive value for postoperative infection of incisional wound cultures obtained at wound closure was studied in two series of appendicectomies, comprising 404 patients studied with qualitative swab cultures, and 491 patients studied with quantitative velvet pad imprint cultures. 17% and 19%, respectively, of the patients in the two series yielded cultures positive with Gram-negative enterobacteria. The postoperative wound infection rate among contaminated cases was 36.1% and 26.9%, respectively, which was a significantly higher rate (p less than 0.001) as compared to operations yielding negative cultures. Using quantitative culture technique, 63% of all infections was shown to occur in the 15% of all patients whose culture yielded two or more colonies of enterobacteria. Of these high risk patients, those who were given antibiotics at operation had an infection rate of 25%, and those not given antibiotics had a rate of 48%. The remaining 85% of the patients had an infection rate of less than 5%. PMID- 7015764 TI - [Study of enteric dysentery vaccines and their efficacy on a rabbit intestinal loop model. II. Changes in the mucosa of rabbit small intestine after oral immunization with live and chemical vaccines]. AB - Ten days after oral immunization of 3 groups of rabbits with live vaccine prepared from the mixture of streptomycin-dependent mutants of Sh. flexneri 2a and Sh. sonnei, with Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei tryptic lysate, or with Boivin's extract of 6 Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei serotypes, a pronounced activation of the secretory and lysosomal apparatus was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria or their antigenic material was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria of their antigenic material was detected in phagolysosomas. An increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes, and mucous membrane lymphocytes (plasmoblasts and plasmocytes) was observed. The surface of the contact of lymphocytic cell membranes with enterocytes was also increased. It is suggested that special enterocytes with high pinocytic activity play an important role in the uptake and transport of antigenic material. The importance of the fact, previously unknown, that attenuated Shigella organisms are destroyed in enterocytic phagolysosomas is emphasized. PMID- 7015770 TI - [Crohn disease: results of research on its pathogenesis]. PMID- 7015769 TI - Fibronectin in early phases of wound healing in children. AB - Fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein, was demonstrated with the Cellstic device in healing wounds of 13 children after routine surgery. An indirect immunofluorescent method was adapted to cytological and histological specimens made from the Cellstic sponges 1 to 92 hours after operation. As early as one hour after Cellstic implantation some bright fluorescent spots could be seen in the cytological specimens, although cell morphology still fully resembled to that of peripheral blood. The intensity of the fibronectin fluorescence increased rapidly until the maximum was reached 24-48 hours after surgery. Thereafter the fluorescence gradually decreased to the level of the first hours. Rapid appearance of fibronectin, its abundance on the second day and gradual diminution upon the activation of type I collagen synthesis indicate its role as a biological guide for localization of cellular activity in wound repair. PMID- 7015771 TI - A comparison of fenofibrate and clofibrate hypolipidemic effects. PMID- 7015774 TI - Rapid changes in kidney function--factors influencing kidney function in diabetics and normal man. PMID- 7015773 TI - Qualitative and quantitative differences in the isoelectrofocusing profile of biologically active lutropin in the blood of normally menstruating and post menopausal women. PMID- 7015772 TI - [Diagnosis of inflammatory processes using 67 gallium citrate. Review of the literature in 1979]. PMID- 7015775 TI - Studies on the reversibility of kidney changes in experimental diabetes in the rat. PMID- 7015776 TI - Proteinuria and diabetic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7015777 TI - Albumin excretion during physical exercise in diabetes. Studies on the effect of insulin treatment and of the renal haemodynamic response. PMID- 7015778 TI - Effect of pancreatic glucagon and insulin on canine intestinal blood flow. PMID- 7015779 TI - [Study on hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome and treatment with bromocriptine (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical characteristic of the hyperprolactinemia were studied in 101 cases and effects of Bromocriptine were investigated in 57 cases with hyperprolactinemic anovulation. 1. Lactation was observed in 93.1% of the cases with hyperprolactinemia. There was no relationship between the degree of lactation and Prolactin (PRL) levels. 2. Hyperprolactinemia had no influence on basal gonadotropin levels. 3. In hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome, a negative correlation between estradiol and PRL levels was found. PRL levels in the second grade amenorrhea were higher than those in other grade. 4. In LH-RH test, there was no relationship between PRL and LH-RH test. 5. With Bromocriptine therapy, ovulation was induced in 45 cases and pregnancy was successful in 31 cases. 15 cases of pregnancies were delivered of normal babies and 3 cases fell into abortion. 6. The initial dose of Bromocriptine was 2.5 mg/day. The dosage was increased by determining the PRL as index. 7. Cases with severe anovulation and high PRL levels, required prolonged administration. 8. 15 cases who had no ovulation by Bromocriptine administration for one month, ovulated successfully by clomiphene combined with Bromocriptine. 9. In 31 pregnant cases, there was no significant symptoms of pituitary tumor during pregnancy. PMID- 7015780 TI - [Effects of hypothalamic deafferentation and estrogen on the distribution and content of hypothalamic LHRH (author's transl)]. AB - Anterior (AHD), or complete (CHD) hypothalamic deafferentation was performed in female rats to ascertain the origin of LHRH in the arcuate median eminence region (ARC-ME). Furthermore, effects of estrogen on the distribution and content of hypothalamic LHRH in AHD castrated rats were examined to elucidate the mechanism of feedback action of estrogen. Hypothalamic tissues were sectioned serially at 220 micrometers in thickness in the frontal plane and LHRH activity in each section was measured by RIA. AHD induced a significant reduction of LHRH in the ARC-ME. The reduction of LHRH was more prominent in CHD rats. In control castrated rats, serum LH significantly decreased 24 hr and 48 hr after estrogen treatment, and subsequently increased, accompanied with reciprocal change of LHRH in the ARC-ME. Conversely, estrogen caused continuous suppression of serum LH with elevated LHRH content in the ARC-ME of AHD rats. In conclusion, considerable amount of LHRH in the ARC-ME is synthesized in the preoptic area (POA) and transported to the ARC-ME, and some part of LHRH in the ARC-ME is produced in the ARC-ME itself. Axonal transport of LHRH from the POA to the ARC-ME is essential for positive feedback action of estrogen. Moreover, estrogen is suggested to act on the hypothalamus, initially by inhibiting the release of LHRH, which results in subsequent release of LHRH after the disappearance of this temporary inhibition. PMID- 7015781 TI - Artificial ventilation of premature newborn rabbits: effects of positive end expiratory pressure on lung mechanics and lung morphology. AB - 44 premature newborn rabbits, removed by hysterotomy on day 27 of gestation, were ventilated with positive pressure under differing standardized conditions, with or without application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 5 cm H2O). After 10 min ventilation, compliance of the lung-thorax system was significantly higher in fetuses ventilated with PEEP than in controls. The application of PEEP also resulted in a significantly lower maximal expiratory air flow compared to controls in groups ventilated with standardized tidal volume. Morphometric evaluation revealed bronchiolar epithelial lesions to be less prominent in fetuses treated with PEEP. Our findings show that application of PEEP has a beneficial effect on lung mechanics during artificial ventilation and that it reduces the risk of epithelial damage to the airways, presumably by promoting uniform expansion of the lung parenchyma. PMID- 7015783 TI - Postnatal development of renal function in pre-term and full-term infants. AB - This study has been designed to examine the effect of gestational age (GA) on the postnatal development of renal function and has been performed in pre-term (PT) infants (GA=30-34 weeks) and in full-term (FT) infants (GA=39-41 weeks). Postnatal age has ranged from 1-35 days. From 8 hour urine samples collected after spontaneous voiding and a capillary blood sample, determinations have been made of the clearance of creatinine (CCr), the fractional excretion of beta 2 microglobulin (FE beta 2) and the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa). In some infants receiving fluid parenterally, simultaneous determinations were made of the clearance of creatinine and inulin. As judged from this study, CCr is a reliable indicator of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR was almost the same in newborn PT and FT, but from 0.3--1 week of age GFR increased significantly more rapidly in FT than in PT. From 1--5 weeks of age GFR increased at approximately the same rate in PT and FT infants. The absolute value for GFR in 3--5 weeks old infants was lower in PT than in FT. FE beta 2 was higher in PT than in FT infants during the entire first month of life and FENa was higher in PT than in FT infants during the first week of life, suggesting a glomerular tubular imbalance at least at the level of the proximal tubule in PT infants. It is concluded that different stages of maturation will alter the preconditions for the renal adaptation to extrauterine life during at least the first month of life. Therefore special attention must be paid to the limited renal function in PT during their entire first month of life. PMID- 7015782 TI - Effect of positive-end-expiratory-pressure on right ventricular output in lambs with hyaline membrane disease. AB - Right and left ventricular outputs, pulmonary and systemic blood flows, and blood flows in both directions through the ductus arteriosus were measured before and during positive-end-expiratory-pressure in 5 premature lambs with induced hyaline membrane disease. During positive-end-expiratory-pressure, right ventricular output increased in all lambs without any significant change in left ventricular output or pulmonary vascular resistance. Left-to-right ductus flow decreased in lambs which initially had large left-to-right ductus shunts. significant right-to left ductus flow did not occur before or during positive-end-expiratory-pressure. PMID- 7015785 TI - Prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation by nasal prongs in intractable apnea of prematurity. AB - In order to avoid endotracheal intubation in very small newborn infants requiring prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), a method was developed allowing delivery of IPPV by means of nasal prongs (nasal IPPV). A series of 10 newborn infants weighing 1 200 g or less, and requiring nasal IPPV for 5 to 14 days because of intractable apnea has been reported. Five infants survived. With the exception of hearing defects in two survivors, no lesions possibly due to the ventilation procedure were observed. Follow-up examination showed severe mental and motor handicap in one infant, and apparently normal mental and motor development in 3 infants examined at the age of 12-27 months. It is suggested that nasal IPPV is an effective and safe method for prolonged ventilation of very small newborn infants with normal or not severely affected lungs, whereas it appears of very limited use in patients with stiff lungs, such as in severe HMD. PMID- 7015784 TI - Metabolic and endocrine responses to a milk feed in six-day-old term infants: differences between breast and cow's milk formula feeding. AB - There is little information on the metabolic and endocrine responses to milk feeding in the neonatal period particularly in relation to the model of nutrition and composition of the milk. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) together with blood levels of glucose, ketone bodies, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol were measured pre- and post prandially in 79 health six-day-old term infants who had been either breast fed or fed on a modified cow's milk formula (Cow and Gate Premium) from birth. Formula fed infants had a greater insulin and GIP response to feeding and their basal and postprandial blood ketones were considerably lower than in breast fed infants. In addition a significantly greater post feed rise in both lactate and pyruvate concentrations was observed with formula feeding. These results may have significant implications regarding infant feeding and postnatal metabolism. PMID- 7015786 TI - Reinstitution of mineralocorticoid therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Effects on control and growth. AB - The results of reintroduction of mineralocorticoid substitution therapy (9-alpha fluorohydrocortisone) in five children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency are described. All children had shown a salt losing syndrome in infancy, but were off mineralocorticoids during several years; at the start of this study they all had elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). Four of them had increased and fluctuating pregnanetriol excretion during the year preceding reintroduction of mineralocorticoids, indicating poor control despite substantial substitution with hydrocortisone: 26 +/- 1.9 mg/m2/day (mean +/- S.E.M.). Reintroduction of mineralocorticoid therapy at ages 5.0-9.4 years resulted in a marked improvement of control, significant reduction in hydrocortisone requirements (to 17.6 +/- 1.4 mg/m2/day) and improvement in linear growth. The data suggest that, in all children with CAH and elevated PRA, continuation throughout childhood of mineralocorticoid therapy in addition to glucocorticoid therapy is necessary for optimal control and linear growth. PMID- 7015787 TI - Immunohistochemical studies on myoepithelial changes in breast tumors. AB - Specific rabbit antisera directed against human uterine myosin were prepared and used for immunohistochemical studies on myoepithelial cells (MECs) in some breast tumors. In fibroadenomas, MECs were observed confined to the periductal portions but not in the stroma. In infiltrating duct carcinomas, MECs were also present as a distinctive periductal layer. Moreover, they were also seen in the infiltrating area, either associated with a small nest of carcinoma cells or freely in the stroma. Larger nests of medullary carcinomas usually were not accompanied by any layer of MECs. No MECs were detected in lobular carcinomas as far as the infiltrating area was concerned. It is suggested from these results that the behavior of MECs is significantly different, depending upon the types of breast tumors. It also appears that the present method may be useful for further analysis of the origin and growth pattern in various breast tumors. PMID- 7015788 TI - Masugi nephritis produced by the antiserum to heterologous glomerular basement membrane. I. Results in mice. AB - Nephrotoxic activity of rabbit antisera to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from three different donors (rat, gerbil, and man) was examined in mice of various strains. Animals receiving a small dose (0.1 ml) of anti-rat GBM or a large dose (0.3 ml X 2) of anti-gerbil GBM developed massive proteinuria and irreversible glomerular lesions which were identical to those seen in rats receiving anti-rat GBM, i.e. rat Masugi nephritis. Linear deposition of rabbit IgG, host's immunoglobulins and C3 was characteristically seen. Necrotizing changes and crescent formation accompanied by plasmic exudation, cellular proliferation and/or infiltration of PMNs and monocytes occurred after the injection. In animals receiving anti-human GBM, linear deposition of rabbit IgG and less marked glomerular changes were seen. The finding of no specificity in species between GBM antigens of rat and mouse indicates the usefulness of rat GBM for mouse Masugi nephritis or anti-GBM disease. PMID- 7015789 TI - DL-propranolol and chlorpromazine following admission for schizophrenia. A controlled comparison. AB - Similar improvement followed when propranolol and chlorpromazine were randomly used as the first drug after admission. Forty-six patients with florid symptoms of schizophrenia were assigned at random to have either racemic propranolol (24) or chlorpromazine (22). Each individual's drug was adjusted to an optimal dose, and the progress of the groups was followed for 12 weeks. Thirty-five patients remained in the study for 6 weeks, and 27 for 12 weeks. By weeks 6 and 12 the total schizophrenia scores on a modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale had improved significantly when the results from both groups were combined. The numbers leaving the study, and the amount and rate of improvement, were similar for both groups, but with a possible advantage to chlorpromazine. Side-effects, which usually were mild, were commoner in the chlorpromazine group. PMID- 7015790 TI - A double-blind comparison of nomifensine and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. AB - A double-blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of nomifensine and amitriptyline in 17 Malaysian patients with moderate to severe depression. The two drugs did not differ with regard to antidepressant effect but nomifensine-treated subjects report fewer side-effects with no complaints of palpitations. Nomifensine also increases capacity for work and activity. PMID- 7015791 TI - Age distribution of patients with delirium tremens in Denmark 1836-1978. PMID- 7015792 TI - Haloperidol, thioridazine and placebo in mentally subnormal patients-serum levels and clinical effects. AB - A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 30 restless mentally subnormal patients by increasing the dosage of haloperidol from 10 to 60 mg and that of thioridazine from 100 to 600 mg daily. The clinical effects of drug holidays on placebo and serum drug levels were also examined. There were more relative drug responders than nonresponders or negative responders. Correlation between clinical response and drug serum levels was poor, probably owing to the heterogeneity of disorders treated. Mesoridazine and other metabolites had 5-6 times higher serum levels than the parent compound, and relatively high serum levels are achieved already with moderate doses. The observed differences between haloperidol and thioridazine treatment were surprisingly few. Serum cholesterol was higher (P less than 0.05) at the end of thioridazine than of the haloperidol administration. PMID- 7015793 TI - The Hamilton depression scale. Evaluation of objectivity using logistic models. AB - The consistency of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) as a measure of the severity of depressive states has been examined when the scale was used weekly during a trial when imipramine. By use of logistic models (Rasch) the consistency of the HDS has been considered across patient-variables as age, sex, plasma levels of imipramine, and diagnosis. The results showed that the original 17-item HDS was without adequate consistency, i.e. the total score of the sample of items was no one-dimensional measure of depressive states. However, a melancholia subscale of the HDS contained items the total of which can be used to compare patients quantitatively, although in some part of the analysis one of these items showed ceiling effect. It was concluded that the melancholia subscale (containing the items depressed mood, guilt, work and interests, retardation, psychic anxiety, and general somatic symptoms) can form the basis for further improvements in the field of quantitative rating scales for depressive states. PMID- 7015794 TI - Disturbances of metabolic homeostasis is liver disease. PMID- 7015796 TI - Prolonged clonidine treatment: catecholamines, renin activity and aldosterone following exercise in hypertensives. AB - Eight patients with essential hypertension, WHO grade I-III, were studied under standardized conditions in a metabolic ward, before and after 8-20 weeks of treatment with clonidine in a maintenance dose of 300-600 micrograms/24 h. Before clonidine, plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNA), plasma adrenaline concentration (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased in response to standing and submaximal exercise for 20 min. PNA was positively correlated to pulse rate in the supine position (R = 0.74, p 0.05) and the increase in PNA to the increase in pulse rate during exercise (min 10, R=0.73, p less than 0.05; min 15, R = 0.79, p less than 0.05; min 20, R = 0.74, p less than 0.05). No other significant correlations were found between PNA, PA, PRA and PAC on the one hand and blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate on the other. Clonidine reduced BP, pulse rate, PNA and PRA under all conditions studied. PA was reduced in the upright position and in connection with exercise. PAC was reduced during clonidine after exercise but otherwise unaltered. The clonidine-induced decrease in PNA was positively correlated to the decrease in diastolic BP both in the supine (R = 0.76, p less than 0.05) and in the upright (R = 0.80, p less than 0.05) position. thus, long-term clonidine treatment lowered the BP and pulse rate, at least partly by reducing sympathetic activity via a central mechanism. However, clonidine did not block the sympathetic reflex mechanisms engaged in the maintenance of BP in the upright position. During clonidine, the adrenaline values were lower than before treatment in the supine and in the upright position and also following exercise, indicating that clonidine exerts an inhibitory effect on the sympatho-adreno medullary system. PMID- 7015795 TI - Captopril, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, in the treatment of primary hypertension. A controlled long-term study with reference to initial plasma renin activity. AB - Captopril (SQ 14 225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, was evaluated in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension in a placebo-controlled long-term study. In 24 patients allocated to captopril treatment, mean supine BP fell from 174 +/- 18/110 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 22/96 +/- 12 mmHg. Ten patients achieved a supine diastolic BP of less than or equally 90 mmHg with a mean BP fall of 28/22 mmHg after 4 weeks' captopril dose titration (75-450 mg daily). In 14 patients, BP fell 19/9 mmHg. When hydrochlorothiazide (50-100 mg daily) was subsequently added, a total supine BP reduction of 51/20 mmHg was noted. In the placebo control group (n = 16), BP changed +1/-2 mmHg from 171/110 mmHg while addition of hydrochlorothiazide caused a mean supine BP fall of 19/10 mmHg. During long-term follow-up (mean 11.8 months), no resistance to therapy developed. A weak correlation, (p less than 0.05) was seen between pretreatment plasma renin activity and initial captopril-induced BP reduction. However, in patients with clearly defined low renin hypertension, the hypotensive effect of captopril was much less than in patients with higher renin values. Captopril induced a significant decrease in urinary aldosterone excretion, which was partially reversed by addition of hydrochlorothiazide. Observed side-effects were proteinuria (1 case), rash (2 cases) and taste disturbances (3 cases). During long-term follow-up, seven patients have dropped out, four due to side-effects and three because of non-compliance. PMID- 7015797 TI - Metoprolol and atenolol administered once daily in primary hypertension. A clinical comparison of the efficacy of two selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. AB - To compare the antihypertensive effect of two beta-blocking agents, metoprolol (Seloken) and atenolol (Tenormin), a double-blind study was performed in 55 patients. Following a six-week placebo period the patients, who all had mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO I-II), were randomly allocated to treatment with either metoprolol (n = 28) or atenolol (n = 27). During a six-week period they received 100 mg of either drug once daily. For patients who at the end of that period did not reach a diastolic blood pressure (BP) of less than 95 mmHg the daily dose was increased to 200 mg. Patients who responded (diastolic BP less than 95 mmHg) continued on the initial dosage regimen. When comparing the two groups with regard to the reduction of BP, there was no difference either 24 hours after the last dose or 5-9 hours after drug administration. The decrease in supine systolic/diastolic BP was 18/16 mmHg on metoprolol and 20/16 on atenolol. The decrease in heart rate was comparable in the two groups. Eight patients in the metoprolol and 7 in the atenolol group had their dose increased to 200 mg at the end of the first six-week period. This means that the number of patients not responding to 100 mg daily was comparable in the two groups. We did not observe any differences in side-effects of the two drugs. The results clearly suggest that atenolol and metoprolol are equipotent following once daily administration in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7015798 TI - Antihypertensive effect of atenolol (100 mg once a day) and methyldopa (250 mg thrice a day). A double-blind cross-over multicentre study. AB - In a double-blind cross-over multicentre study lasting for 16 weeks, the antihypertensive effect of atenolol (100 mg once a day) was compared with that of methyldopa (250 mg thrice a day) in 48 patients with mild to moderately severe hypertension. At the end of the trial, atenolol was superior to methyldopa in achieving clinically relevant BP levels, less than 150/95 mmHg (p less than 0.001), and in respect to patients' drug preference (p less than 0.04). The BP levels after the first 2 weeks of treatment with either drug were identical but, in contrast to methyldopa, atenolol caused further significant reduction in BP during the following 4 weeks. This finding implies that one should hesitate to start additional therapy until after at least six weeks of atenolol treatment, whereas no further reduction in BP can be expected after the first 2 weeks of treatment with methyldopa. Two patients had to be withdrawn from the study during treatment with atenolol, as they developed severe bradycardia and dyspnoea, respectively. Other side-effects were few and of minor clinical importance. PMID- 7015799 TI - Comparative efficiency of quinidine and verapamil in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after DC conversion of atrial fibrillation. A controlled clinical trial. AB - Fifty-three patients with chronic atrial fibrillation participated in a randomized cross-over trial in order to compare the ability of two drug regimens to establish and maintain sinus rhythm. The patients were given orally either sustained release quinidine 0.4 g twice day or verapamil 80 mg three times a day. Thirty-one patients tried both regimens. Quinidine was found to have a greater ability to induce conversion to sinus rhythm by drug alone (p less than 0.05) and also a greater ability to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion (after 3 months p less than 0.05). There was, however, also a significantly larger proportion of patients on quinidine who were withdrawn from the study due to side effects and two patients on quinidine died outside hospital. The study indicate that quinidine is somewhat superior to verapamil both in the establishing and preserving of sinus rhythm in subjects who are able to tolerate the drug. PMID- 7015800 TI - A renal biopsy study with light and immunofluorescent microscopy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - REnal biopsies were performed on 14 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis an proteinuria of whom 7 patients had reduced creatinine clearance. Glomerular hypercellularity was found in six and amyloid in seven biopsies. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed glomerula deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in 10 of 12 biopsies, indicating an active immunologic process causing the impaired renal function. PMID- 7015804 TI - [Paul Broca (182401880). Dentist or dentistry in the last century]. PMID- 7015805 TI - [Evolution of the term odontoma from its creation to its current anatomo pathological concepts]. PMID- 7015802 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of IgG in meningioma. AB - Twenty human meningiomas were examined for IgG and IgM by the direct immunofluorescence of immunoperoxidase methods, or both. IgG was conspicuously found in and around the blood vessels, whorls, and psammoma bodies. It was also clearly present on the cytoplasmic membranes of the tumour cells. On the other hand, IgM was seen only within the blood vessels. Significance of these findings is briefly discussed including possible humoral immune reactions in regard to whorl and psammoma body formation in meningioma. PMID- 7015803 TI - [The endocrine profile in prostatic cancer: therapeutic implications]. PMID- 7015801 TI - The utilization of native glioma antigens in the assessment of cellular and humoral immune responses in malignant glioma patients. AB - Cellular and humoral components of the immune response have been studied preoperatively, concurrently, and serially in patients with malignant glial neoplasms. In order to assess titres of circulating antibodies to tumour cell constituents an indirect immunofluorescent technique was applied to single cell suspensions and snap frozen cell smears. In an allogeneic system, 49% of 47 test and 7% of 124 control sera gave a positive response to cytoplasmic components. The leucocyte adherence inhibition assay was applied to study 39 test and 64 control patients. Significant non-adherence of leukocytes was observed in 77% of test cases. Control parameters indicated specificity of the response. Simultaneous assessment in 28 test patients yielded a positive response for one or both assays in 89% of cases.. PMID- 7015806 TI - [Various current solutions to the replacement of maxillary premolar teeth in fixed prosthetics]. PMID- 7015807 TI - Results and perspectives in electrocardiology. PMID- 7015808 TI - Subunit of assembly of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - The isolated subunits of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase are reassembled in a stepwise manner in the following sequence: 2 alpha leads to alpha 2 leads to alpha 2 beta leads to alpha 2 beta beta' (premature core enzyme) leads to E (active core enzyme). When the in vitro reconstitution is performed at low temperature, the subunit assembly is prevented until the assembled but inactive premature core enzyme is formed, which is similar to native core enzyme in many parameters of gross conformation but differs from it in several minor and local conformations. The temperature-dependent activation of premature core enzyme at a salt concentration as low as that in vivo takes place only in the continuous presence of either the sigma subunit or DNA. The sigma subunit is therefore proposed to be a regulatory protein which influences the conformation of core subunit assembly in multiple ways from the initial enzyme maturation to the final initiation of transcription. Evidence has accumulated which indicates that the subunit assembly in vivo proceeds via the same pathway as that identified in vitro, including the identification of all species of the assembly intermediates in cell extracts, the identification of all possible types of assembly-defective mutants among temperature-sensitive alpha-, beta-, and beta' subunit mutants, the kinetics of the appearance of pulse-labeled subunits in the enzyme structure as expected from the assembly sequence and the integration of labeled subassemblies into the enzyme structure upon chasing. The functional complexity of RNA polymerase coupled with transcriptional control appears to depend on its structural flexibility which fluctuates through the assembly with various transcription factors. This type of transcriptional control is being thoroughly considered by a final conclusion awaits further examinations. PMID- 7015809 TI - Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: an application to the study of flexibility of protein molecules. AB - This paper deals with a few aspects of recently developed new NMR technique, two dimensional (2D) NMR, ranging from its principle to its biological applications. First the historical background of the new technique is surveyed and its underlying principle is explained. To cover the versatile applicability and flexibility of the technique in the NMR. Studies, then, various experimental techniques proposed up to now are classified from the general point of view of this new experimental frame. In Sec. III spectroscopic characteristics experienced in the practical data handling are described. We observe there that the causality principle and several theorems of multidimensional Fourier transformations play a key role to costrain the appearance of 2D spectra in general. Applications of 2D NMR to the protein study are described in the following sections. For the successful use of NMR techniques in the elucidation of protein structures in solution, the individual resonance assignments for each of the amino acid residues are a crucial first step. The combination of two classes of 2D NMR experiments, J-resolved and correlated 2D NMR, was found to make it feasible to obtain this critical data in a systematic way. Based on the individual assignments of C alpha H and C beta H proton resonances in the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), coupling constants, 3J alpha beta, between C alpha H and C beta H and their chemical shifts were determined with 2D J-resolved NMR. The results were compared with the values of 3J alpha beta predicted from the crystallographically determined structure with a Karplus-type curve Flexibility about C alpha-C beta bonds in BPTI was then discussed for the individual residues. A model to explain the difference in internal mobility of the protein recognized between the NMR results and the prediction from the X-ray structure was also proposed. On this model NMR parameters were compared with a theoretical parameter, residue accessibility, calculated from the X-ray structure. With a few exceptions, most of amino acid side chains in the interior of the protein were found to be locked into unique spatial orientations, with the mobility restricted to rapid torsional fluctuations about a unique chi 1 value. For the residues on the protein surface structural rearrangement was found which includes rapid averaging between two or several distinct populated values of chi 1. As an extension of the picture for the protein flexibility in the solution, the thermal expansion coefficient of the protein molecule was estimated with the NMR chemical shift data. The result has characterized the structural aspect of the protein molecule, that is the protein is not strictly rigid in the native state and has a liquid-like property in the solution phase. PMID- 7015810 TI - The cap structure in eukaryotic messenger RNA as a mark of a strand carrying protein information. PMID- 7015811 TI - Dynamic analysis of higher order biological systems. AB - Humans and animals consist of a variety of bio-systems exhibiting various bio phenomena over the course of time, from the past to the present and into future, up to just before their death. Each state of a bio-phenomenon at any time is related in stochastic fashion not only to its past history, but those of many other bio- and natural phenomena, enormous in number, in their internal and external environments. Most states of these bio-phenomena sway more or less around respective averages, which suggest their levels of homeostasis, essentially important for maintaining life. In the above past history of sway was hidden an essential characteristic, i.e., dynamic higher-order activity, of the bio-system, whereas the bio- and natural phenomena in the environments act to drive, i.e., stimulate, as an ensemble, the bio-system to exhibit the bio phenomena as its responses. From this new point of view, mono- and multivariate dynamic stimulation-system (activity)-response relations in stochastic fashion can be seen as an extension leading from of one of the most fundamental static laws of excitability, that is the threshold stimulus-excitability-unit response relation in physiology. The dynamic mono- and multivariate higher-order activities, each of which consisted of some first- and second-order component activities, can be described in the frequency and time-patterns as the power spectral densities or frequency responses and (unit) impulse responses, respectively. Some of these "dynamic activities" were manifested in the brain system of humans and cats, the human "posture holding system," "the pressure regulatory system" in the human pulmonary circulation and the "glucoregulatory system" of dogs, respectively. PMID- 7015813 TI - Anomalous left pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava and through the pericardiophrenic vein to the innominate vein:left-sided scimitar syndrome. PMID- 7015812 TI - Pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7015814 TI - Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy as cardiac transplant recipients. Indications for and results of cardiac transplantation and comparison with patients with coronary artery disease. AB - In recent years end-stage congestive cardiomyopathy has become an increasingly frequent clinical diagnosis in candidates for cardiac transplantation. Forty-six patients who underwent transplantation because of congestive cardiomyopathy and 59 because of coronary artery disease were studied between 1971 and 1978 at Stanford University. The overall 1 year survival rate was similar in the two groups: cardiomyopathy-transplant, 64 percent and coronary artery disease transplant, 55 percent. The survival rate has improved substantially for both groups within the last decade: The 3 year survival rate for cardiomyopathy transplant patients undergoing cardiac transplantation since 1974 is nearly 60 percent. In contrast, 36 similarly ill patients with cardiomyopathy not undergoing transplantation had a 1 year survival rate of 23 percent and a 3 year survival rate of 4 percent (p less than 0.001). Survival rates in the cardiomyopathy-transplant group were unaffected by age (greater or less than 40 years). Patients in this group under age 40 had a lower frequency of infection (1 per 313 patient-days versus 1 per 195 patient-days in the older group, p less than 0.05) and a significantly longer interval to second rejection episodes (p less than 0.05), a measure of rejection frequency. Cardiomyopathy-transplant patients under age 40 had fewer deaths due to rejection (17 percent) compared with older patients in this group (36 percent). Cardiac transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7015816 TI - Comparative sensitivity and specificity of exercise electrocardiographic lead systems. AB - A comparison of current exercise electrocardiographic lead systems reveals differences in the sensitivity and specificity of S-T segment shifts diagnostic of obstructive coronary artery disease. The differences are explained in part by differences in population samples, lead systems and criteria for positivity. Multiple electrocardiographic lead recording in symptomatic patients during and after exercise improves sensitivity in detecting S-T segment shifts with only a small decrease in specificity. A review of population screening studies in asymptomatic subjects shows a wide selection of different exercise electrocardiographic lead systems and criteria for a positive test. Few screening studies have compared the prevalence of different S-T segment configurations in individual leads of a simultaneously recorded multiple lead system during or after exercise. Data from animal studies of myocardial ischemia suggest why 100 percent sensitivity in detecting obstructive coronary disease is unlikely to be obtained with surface electrocardiographic recordings. Additional research is required to identify the optimal set of diagnostic exercise electrocardiographic leads and criteria for positivity so that maximal predictive accuracy can be obtained for different patient subsets. PMID- 7015815 TI - The "border zone" in evolving myocardial infarction: controversy or confusion? AB - Considerable controversy has arisen over the existence of a "border" zone of intermediate injuries during regional myocardial ischemia. Much of this controversy arises from the inappropriate use of terminology and the misquotation or misinterpretation of previously published studies. This article considers the nature of the interface between normal and ischemic tissues; proposes a series of definitions based on current knowledge of etiology of tissue injuries; reviews critically the existing evidence for an against the "border zone" concept; and considers the quantitative significance of a "border zone" of salvageable tissue if it exists. PMID- 7015817 TI - S-T segment elevation and coronary spasm in response to exercise. AB - The prevalence rate of exercise- S-T segment elevation of 0.1 mV or greater in symptomatic patients is 3.0 to 6.5 percent in most studies. S-T segment elevation is associated with a more severe degree of myocardial ischemia than depression and frequently implies a high grade coronary stenosis in the vessel that supplies the site of ischemia. Leads V4 to V6 and bipolar lead CM5 have been found to be relatively insensitive in detecting exercise-induced S-T segment elevation. The pathogenesis of S-T segment elevation is different in three clinical patient subsets reviewed. In patients afer infarction, the largest of the three subgroups, exercise-induced S-T segment elevation usually appears in leads with Q waves, is more common after anterior myocardial infarction and implies underlying akinetic of dyskinetic wall motion. Of patients with variant angina, 10 to 30 percent have during exercise S-T segment elevation that is most likely provoked by coronary arterial spasm. The natural history of variant angina is cyclic, and clinical observations and laboratory findings are dependent on particular phases in the disease process and treatment. Finally, 0.2 to 1.7 percent of symptomatic patients without infarction or variant angina have exercise-induced S-T segment elevation. Although most of the latter have fixed high grade coronary arterial stenoses at angiography, the exact pathogenetic mechanism of S-T segment shift in this patient group is not yet fully understood. PMID- 7015818 TI - Toward the optimal lead system and optimal criteria for exercise electrocardiography. AB - To define the optimal lead system for exercise electrocardiography, data of the whole body surface potential distribution were analyzed in 25 normal subjects and in 25 patients with coronary artery disease at rest and during exercise. All patients had a normal electrocardiogram at rest. The sensitivity of the standard chest leads was 60 percent; it improved to 84 percent with the body surface map whereas both methods had a 100 percent specificity. On the basis of these data, and reports from other centers, it is concluded that a single bipolar lead from the right subclavian area to lead V5 is adequate in those laboratories that are restricted to testing subjects with a normal electrocardiogram at rest. In patients with a previous infarction or other abnormalities in the electrocardiogram at rest three (pseudo) orthogonal leads or several standard leads are necessary. Recommendations for optimal measurements from the exercise electrocardiogram are based on quantitative computer analysis of the selected leads in larger groups of patients. Best results were obtained with a combination of S-T amplitude, S-T slope and heart rate. The improvement in sensitivity from 50 percent with visual analysis to 85 percent with computer was similar to that obtained with body surface mapping. Changes of the P wave and QRS complex during exercise appeared to be of little diagnostic value. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to the changes of the electrocardiogram during exercise are discussed. PMID- 7015821 TI - McCollum Award. Robert H. Herman, M.D. PMID- 7015820 TI - The effect of vitamin C supplements on body weight, serum proteins, and general health of an elderly population. AB - A double-blind placebo trial of vitamin C has been undertaken in 94 elderly "long term" inpatients known to have initially low levels of plasma and leukocyte vitamin C (mean values 0.17 mg/100 ml plasma; 10.1 microgram/10(8) leukocytes). At the end of 2 months treatment, plasma and leukocyte vitamin C had increased considerably in those receiving C supplements, and in this group there were slight but significant increases in the mean values for body weight (0.41 kg), plasma albumin (0.46 g/l), and prealbumin (25.4 mg/l) compared with those receiving placebo therapy where there were decreases of 0.60 kg, 0.53 g/l, and 7.0 mg/l, respectively. There was also some clinical improvement as indicated by reductions in purpura and petechial hemorrhages in those receiving vitamin C, but no changes in mood or mobility were observed. PMID- 7015819 TI - Complete denervation of the heart (autotransplantation) for treatment of severe, refractory coronary spasm. AB - A 49 year old man had severe refractory Prinzmetal's variant angina and angiographically documented coronary arterial spasm of a dominant circumflex artery. The spasm was provoked by methergine (an ergot alkaloid) and seemed resistant to various forms of medical therapy including administration of nitrates, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem and amiodarone. The attacks of angina at rest persisted at the rate of 7 to 15/day and were frequently associated with atrioventricular (A-V) block. After unsuccessful plexectomy performed in another institution, the patient underwent complete cardiac denervation (produced by autotransplantation). The follow-up data have interesting implications in relation to treatment of refractory variant angina, as well as possible mechanisms of coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 7015823 TI - Specific identification of hemoglobin and myoglobin in renal tubular casts by the fluorescent antibody technic on fixed embedded tissues. AB - Hemoglobin and myoglobin have been identified in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human autopsy material with the indirect fluorescent antibody technic. The sensitivity and specificity observed were comparable to those reported by other investigators who used fresh-frozen sections. When this approach was applied to archival autopsy tissue, it was possible to identify some pigmented renal tubular casts specifically as myoglobin or hemoglobin and to separate them from other pigmented casts such as bile or melanin. The data suggested that the hemeproteins, as they pass along the nephron, are progressively denatured, and that their reactivities with specific antisera, iron stains, and peroxidase substrates are altered. Intact hemeprotein molecules react with specific antibody and show peroxidase activity, but the iron is not demonstrable by traditional methods. In the proximal tubules, after filtration, they react with specific antibody, show peroxidase activity, and also have demonstrable iron. By the time they reach the collecting tubules, they show only peroxidase activity. PMID- 7015824 TI - Are the "nonpathogenic" Neisseriae pathogenic? AB - Neisseriae other than N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae are common upper respiratory commensals, but rarely cause disease. A case of N. sicca bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient is reported, and the literature dealing with infections attributed to these usually nonpathogenic organisms is reviewed. These neisseriae have been shown to cause meningitis, endocarditis, sepsis, and some cases of pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis; however, their pathogenicity is doubtful in many of the reported cases of urethritis, cervicitis, and upper respiratory infection. They are not uniformly sensitive to the penicillins, so therapy should be guided by the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. PMID- 7015822 TI - H. P. Smith Award Lecture. PMID- 7015825 TI - Renal manifestations of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Renal failure secondary to crescentic glomerulonephritis developed in a patient who had typical serologic features of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus after two years of therapy with procainamide. Renal function and proteinuria improved after the drug was discontinued and steroid therapy begun. A review of previously reported cases of glomerulonephritis in association with drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus revealed a high incidence of renal failure. Crescentic glomerulonephritis has not to our knowledge been previously documented in drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7015826 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and otitis media. PMID- 7015827 TI - A nursery outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection. Evidence of a single source of contamination. AB - An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection occurred in a special neonatal unit. The epidemic involved seven newborns, one of whom died. Contaminated hand-washing brushes were implicated in the epidemic; their removal resulted in a dramatic elimination of the infection. PMID- 7015828 TI - Eikenella corrodens empyema in children. AB - Eikenella corrodens is a slow-growing, Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic organism that is normally found among oropharyngeal flora. Its isolation as a pathogen is increasingly being reported. Although well documented in the literature on adults, few cases of E corrodens infection have been reported in children. We describe two children with E corrodens pneumonia and empyema. In one, infection was mixed, but in the other the organism was isolated in pure culture. Both patients recovered after therapy with a combination of an antibiotic active in vitro against the organism, and surgical drainage. The diagnosis, bacteriology, and evidence for potential pathogenicity of the organism are reviewed; E corrodens should be considered as a potential pathogen, especially in predisposed patients. PMID- 7015829 TI - Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci. PMID- 7015830 TI - Forensic serology in the United States. I. Blood grouping and blood transfusion- Historical aspects. AB - The events of three periods occurring during 1900-1980 are traced to illustrate the sources from which forensic serology evolved. The growth of blood grouping and blood transfusion, especially during the periods of military exigency, comprise the basic structure of forensic serology. Chaotic serologic procedures and confusing A-B-O terminology presented multiple challenges to workers in the field, including hospital transfusion services. The 1940s saw a beginning of standardization achieved through a combination of training, research and recommendations of the National Research Council to the Armed Services. PMID- 7015832 TI - The St. Valentine's Day Massacre. PMID- 7015831 TI - Forensic pathology. Last stronghold of the autopsy. PMID- 7015833 TI - Dr. Benjamin M. Vance (1886-1962). PMID- 7015834 TI - Catastrophes et morts collectives. Recent American experiences in mass deaths. PMID- 7015835 TI - The establishment and practice of forensic medicine in Iraq. AB - The development of a legal curriculum in Iraq included the subject of forensic medicine. In 1972 the College of Medicine in Baghdad included teaching in forensic medicine, and this has continued as the six current medical schools were established in the country. A central Medical Laboratory was established in 1918 and in 1919 a medicolegal department was included. An autopsy service was added to this department in 1920. After several changes the current activities are under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior. Professor A. I. Kayssi was the first active practitioner of forensic medicine in Iraq and he has been succeeded by Dr. W. M. Ali, who was a student and colleague. Each Province of Iraq has Medicolegal Centers whose Directors confer with the Central Institute of Baghdad. This Institute has responsibility for investigation of deaths and the examination of the living involved in sexual attacks or identification problems. The autopsy rate is 2784 per year in this institute. Iraq has 10.5 million people in an area smaller than the state of Texas. Baghdad, the largest city has less than 2 million. PMID- 7015836 TI - Federal government resources for the forensic scientist. PMID- 7015837 TI - The imported forensic expert. AB - A review of the experiences of one of the pioneer forensic pathologists in the United States offers an interesting insight into the possibilities of private forensic pathology in America. The author's experience includes serving as President of the National Boxing Association and the International Boxing Association, during which time he made many improvements in ring safety. His research into several areas of cases of product liability offer an insight to the wide scope of the potential of the forensic expert. This presentation reviews his activities in realms widely afield from medicine. PMID- 7015838 TI - The case of Stanley Setty. PMID- 7015839 TI - Historic development of forensic toxicology in America up to 1978. AB - The development of forensic toxicology in the United States is reviewed from colonial times. Medical education started expanding after Independence, but no program in medical jurisprudence existed until 1804, when Dr. James S. Stringham initiated such a teaching program at Columbia University in New York City. Since then, instruction in medical jurisprudence has become more or less a part of the medical school's curriculum. Little has been written in the field of toxicology in contrast to overall European development. With the availability of contributions from European and British authors, the development of chemical toxicology in this country started to take shape, with significant progress occurring after the Civil War. The original contributions in toxicology were done by Drs. Wormley, Reese, and Witthaus. The faults of the coroner system led its replacement in Massachusetts with the office of medical examiner in 1877. The Chief Medical Examiner's Office of New York started functioning in 1918 and a toxicology laboratory was founded under the direction of Dr. Alexander Gettler, whose students spread the ideas of toxicology throughout the country. This institution is regarded as the birthplace of American forensic toxicology. Other significant events include the formation of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences after World War II and the establishment of the American Board of Forensic Toxicology in 1975; both have contributed greatly to the development of forensic toxicology in the United States. PMID- 7015840 TI - Forensic medical service in the U.S.S.R. AB - The development of forensic medicine in Russia can be traced to the days of Peter the Great when in 1716 he included forensic investigation of violent death in his military regulations. Teaching of forensic medicine in Russian universities dates from the early 19th century. The current structure of forensic medicine practice in Russia goes back to 1920 when regulations for forensic medical examiners were established. There were modified in 1934. General and specific types of forensic examinations are discussed, and there is a detailed study of the structure of the forensic laboratory in Russia today. Education and teaching activities are discussed, as are the activities of the All-Union Scientific Society of Forensic Medical Expertise. PMID- 7015841 TI - Resources. PMID- 7015843 TI - The surgeon looks at gastrointestinal cancer: a modern approach. PMID- 7015842 TI - The effects of coherin on patients with idiopathic delayed gastric emptying. AB - Ten patients with idiopathic delayed gastric empyting were studied in a randomized double-blind fashion to examine the effects of coherin versus placebo upon their symptoms and objective measurements of gastric emptying. The results showed no significant effect of coherin on either symptom scores or gamma camera 99Technetium gastric emptying studies in this group of patients. There is a need to develop other agents in treatment of this poorly understood condition. PMID- 7015844 TI - Cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer induced by steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - The study of a group of patients with gastric ulcers induced by anti-inflammatory agents, was undertaken in an attempt to ascertain the effectiveness of cimetidine (Tagamet) when compared with intensified doses of antacids in their treatment. Seventy patients with medication-induced benign gastric ulcers confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy were studied. The agents principally responsible were aspirin, prednisone, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and sulindac in standard pharmacologic doses. The study was carefully controlled to exclude confusing parameters. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (38 patients) received cimetidine plus and antacid (Maalox). Group 11 (32 patients) received placebo tablets plus the same dose of antacid as in Group 1. All anti-inflammatory agents were discontinued and patients were instructed to avoid known gastric irritants. Treatment periods lasted six weeks. Confirmation of healing was by endoscopic evaluation. A significant difference was noted only with respect to treatment response. Twenty-five of the 38 patients (65.7%) in group 1 receiving cimetidine plus antacid had their ulcers healed within the six-week period. Only eight of the 32 patients (25%) in Group 11 receiving placebo plus antacid had ulcer healing within this period of time (P less than .001). We conclude that a regimen of cimetidine plus intensified antacid therapy is far superior to the same dose of antacid alone in the treatment of gastric ulcer induced by anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 7015846 TI - Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on intestinal gas. AB - The effectiveness of activated charcoal in treating intestinal gas, following a gas producing meal, was compared with a placebo. Both the number of flatus events and breath hydrogen levels were measured. These experiments showed that orally administered activated charcoal was effective in preventing the large increase in the number of flatus events and increased breath hydrogen concentrations that normally occur following a gas-producing meal. PMID- 7015845 TI - Renal kallikrein excretion in alcoholic cirrhosis. Relationship to other vasoactive systems. AB - Severe liver disease is often associated with renal hemodynamic changes, and these changes may involve vasoactive hormones. The vasodilatory renal kallikrein kinin system has received little previous study in these patients. We measured urinary kallikrein in nine patients with alcoholic cirrhosis under rigid metabolic conditions and simultaneously evaluated renin, aldosterone and urinary prostaglandins. Plasma renin and aldosterone were generally increased as expected but urinary kallikrein was surprisingly diminished (13.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 38.8 +/- 11.1 SE, E.U./day, P less than 0.05), despite adequate creatinine clearance (81 +/- 9 ml./min.). Administration of prostaglandin inhibitors reduced urinary prostaglandin E by 72% and creatinine clearance by 56% but did not alter urinary kallikrein. Mineralocorticoid inhibition by spironolactone induced a natriuresis in four patients with ascites (from 1.4-140 mEq.Na+/day) but also failed to alter kallikrein. Thus, kallikrein excretion is paradoxically reduced and seemingly unresponsive to alterations in the prostaglandin and renin-aldosterone systems. If urinary kallikrein quantitatively reflects intrarenal kallikrein-kinin activity, the impairment in this vasodilatory system may mediate the altered renal hemodynamics of severe liver disease. PMID- 7015847 TI - Factors affecting iron balance. AB - The availability of radioisotopes of iron led to the performance of physiologic studies of the absorption, excretion, and kinetics of iron. The effects of dietary constituents and intestinal secretions upon iron absorption have been thoroughly explored and have permitted the development of tools for nutritional studies in various geographic areas of the world. The basic mechanisms for regulation of iron absorption are not fully understood. However, the isolation and characterization of newer iron-binding proteins, the existence of mucosal receptors in which there is competition for iron-binding sites with other metals, and the identification of a number of animal models with genetic abnormalities of iron absorption provide promise for development in the foreseeable future. The means by which the body informs the intestine to increase or decrease iron absorption is poorly understood, and the abnormality in hemochromatosis and iron overloading disorders remains unexplained. Much has been learned in recent years regarding the structure of iron-containing proteins and the variations that exist in different species. Similar problems remain to be solved with regard to the intermediary metabolism of iron in red blood cell precursors and other cells in the body. It is postulated that the combined usage of physiologic, biochemical, and immunologic investigations will provide the basic information required. PMID- 7015849 TI - Post-transfusion purpura: an enigma of alloimmunization. AB - A patient with post-transfusion purpura is reported. This female patient, sensitized by previous blood transfusion, developed symptomatic thrombocytopenia seven days after a second blood transfusion. A platelet antibody, which had anti P1A1 specificity, was identified by 51Cr-release assay and by indirect immunofluorescence. Hemorrhage stopped abruptly after plasma exchange therapy. Thrombocytopenia did not recur when the patient was further challenged with P1A1 positive blood and plasma. Anti-P1A1 antibody, detectable by immunofluorescence but not by complement-dependent platelet cytoxicity, persisted in high titer for at least one year after recovery. The heterogeneity and pathogenesis of this clinical syndrome are discussed. PMID- 7015851 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in the treatment of unilateral atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension. AB - Thirteen patients with severe, unilateral, atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. The procedure produced wide patency of the stenosed vessel in 10 patients and partial dilatation in the remaining three. All patients exhibited a beneficial response in their hypertension; at latest follow-up, ranging from two to eighteen months, all patients were normotensive, four in the complete absence of any antihypertensive medication and the remaining nine while taking substantially less medication than before. Suppression of the differential renal-vein renin ratio was also documented. In one patient follow-up angiography, performed after seven months because of deterioration in renal function, revealed an occluded renal artery. Complications that were encountered included two small, segmental renal infarcts, three episodes of nonoliguric, presumably radiocontrast-induced, acute renal insufficiency and a soft-tissue hematoma that occurred one month after the procedure and was due to excessive anticoagulation. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty may be an effective modality in the management of unilateral, atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7015848 TI - Prolymphocytic leukemia: flow microfluorometric, immunologic, and cytogenetic observations. AB - Cells isolated from four patients with prolymphocytic leukemia were evaluated by surface markers, cytogenetics, and flow microfluorometric analysis of cell size and DNA content. All four patients had B-cell markers with a high density of IgM, kappa type, and Ia-like antigen. Less intense staining for surface IgD was also observed. In each patient studied, chromosomal modes were in the hypodiploid or near-diploid range. Despite the karyotypic abnormalities, the cellular DNA content, as determined by flow microfluorometry, was within the normal limits in all cases. This suggests that the variability in chromosome numbers seen in these patients may reflect an abnormality in DNA package rather than differences in total DNA content. The modal electronic cell size of the prolymphocytes, determined by light scatter, was readily distinguishable from that of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and the lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Fewer than 4% of the peripheral prolymphocytes had S-phase DNA content, a finding consistent with the chronic nature of this leukemia. PMID- 7015850 TI - Cervical fracture complicating ankylosing spondylitis: a report of eight cases and review of the literature. AB - Fracture of the cervical spine is a serious and often fatal complication of ankylosing spondylitis. An evaluation of eight patients and a review of 75 additional cases from the literature are presented. Although this complication is relatively uncommon, it is clear that people with advanced disease and complete ankylosis of the cervical spine are at increased risk of sustaining cervical fracture. When fracture occurs it usually stems from minor trauma resulting most commonly in disruption of the lower cervical segments (fifth through the seventh cervical vertebrae). Fracture is most likely the result of a hyperextension type injury, occurs through what was formerly an intervertebral space, and is unstable. Severe neurologic sequelae occur in 57 percent of the cases and the mortality rate (35 percent) is twice that observed with similar fracture involving normal spines. The majority of patients are best treated with closed reduction with halo traction together with body cast or jacket. Laminectomy is rarely indicted except in the event of an advancing neurologic deficit. With appropriate understanding and execution of management principles, the outcome in these patients can be favorable. Unfortunately, recognition of cervical fracture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is often needlessly delayed. Distortion of normal anatomy in spondylitics, predominant fracture location in lower cervical spine segments and lack of obvious displacement make identification difficult. Thus, management is often inappropriate resulting in excessive neurologic injury and mortality. PMID- 7015855 TI - James Howard Means and his romance with the thyroid gland. PMID- 7015853 TI - Coronary artery spasm in the denervated transplanted human heart: a clue to underlying mechanisms. AB - The mechanism of coronary artery spasm has been poorly understood but there has been some suggestion that cardiac autonomic innervation may play an important role. We report coronary artery spasm in a 43 year old man two years after he had received a transplant. Provocative pharmacologic testing suggested functional denervation of the patient's heart. Thus, coronary artery spasm can occur in the transplanted, denervated human heart. Autonomic innervation of the heart is not essential in all cases of coronary spasm, and circulating catecholamines and/or metabolic of hormonal products may play an important role. PMID- 7015852 TI - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) multiple myeloma: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of immunoglobulin E (IgE) myeloma with clinical features of "classic" myeloma is presented. Skeletal roentgenograms showed osteoporosis and compression fractures of the vertebrae but no osteosclerosis. Protein analyses revealed an M component of the IgE kappa type with a concentration of 3.1 g/dl. Although morphologic examination revealed that the plasma cells were not so differentiated, well-developed Golgi apparatus and abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were observed. An indirect immunofluorescence technique showed characteristic apple green fluorescence. The E myeloma protein of our patient had no antibody activity. Treatment with melphalan or cyclophosphamide resulted in a decrease in the serum IgE level and in the level of Bence Jones protein in the urine. The clinical and laboratory features of IgE myeloma were summarized and compared with those of other classes of myeloma. PMID- 7015854 TI - Pulmonary research: advances and clinical implications. PMID- 7015856 TI - Current view of neutrophil dysfunction: an integrated clinical perspective. AB - Normal neutrophil function is dependent on the integration of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation and oxidative metabolism. The availability of in vitro assays for the separate quantitative evaluation of each function has permitted the definition of specific congenital and acquired neutrophil abnormalities, which are associated with defective host resistance. The appreciation of complex and often adverse effects of certain systemic diseases and drugs on neutrophil function as well as the use of new approaches to therapy suggest the importance of assessing the role of the neutrophil in states of impaired host defense. PMID- 7015857 TI - Diquat intoxication: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Animal experiments have suggested that diquat is less toxic than the more widely used paraquat. In this paper, nine previously reported cases of diquat intoxication are reviewed, together with the description of our personal observations in two additional patients. These two patients, like four other patients described in the literature, died from complications involving the gastrointestinal tract, brain and kidneys. Thus, diquat intoxication is apparently not as innocent as was originally thought. In this paper, special attention has been given to the major clinical differences between diquat and paraquat intoxication. In contrast with the latter, severe diquat intoxication induces gastrointestinal fluid sequestration and is associated with cerebral hemorrhagic lesions and a higher incidence of severe acute renal failure. Despite an asymptomatic clinical interval of up to 48 hours after ingestion, hemoperfusion should be started as soon as possible to prevent toxic levels of diquat in tissue. PMID- 7015858 TI - Marrow transplantation for juvenile osteopetrosis. AB - Two children with the juvenile form of osteopetrosis were treated with marrow transplants from their HLA identical siblings. Following transplantation each child exhibited extensive bone reabsorption with a marked augmentation of osteoclastic function attributable to donor osteoclasts, including remodeling of bone with expansion of intramedullary hematopoiesis and correction of associated abnormalities of thymic factor and natural killer cells. Osteopetrosis ultimately recurred in one patient in whom engraftment of donor hematopoietic elements was not achieved. Our studies indicate that marrow transplantation will correct osteopetrosis but that permanent reconstitution necessitates sustained engraftment of marrow precursors of cells with osteoclastic activity. PMID- 7015859 TI - Medical Classic. The functions of the pituitary body: Harvey Cushing. AB - It may be said that the pituitary body is a double organ in the sense that the secretion of its anterior and solidly epithelial portion discharges into the blood sinuses which traverse this part of the gland; whereas the hyaline substance, apparently the product of secretion from the epithelial investment of the posterior lobe, enters the cerebrospinal space by way of channels in the pars nervosa. Though possessing a physiologically active principle, as shown by the results of injections, the secretion of the posterior lobe does not seem to be so vitally essential to physiological equilibrium as that of the anterior lobe, the total removal of which leads to death with a peculiar train of symptoms which set in at an early date in the adult and after a longer interval in younger animals. Alterations in the gland, which often ultimately assume the character of a malignant growth (adenoma) but which presumably, at least in their earlier stages, represent an hypertrophy, are common in clinical conditions of overgrowth (akromegaly and gigantism), and certain feeding experiments lend support to the view that these clinical states represent the consequences of hyperactivity of the pars anterior. Partial removals of the anterior lobe usually lead to obvious disturbances of metabolism accompanied oftentimes by adiposity and in the young by a persistence of infantilism, or in adults by a tendency top lose the secondary sexual characteristics already acquired. These experimental conditions are comparable to those which have been recognized clinically as accompaniments likewise of tumors in the hypophyseal region, which under these circumstances can therefore be interpreted as lesions which through pressure have led to lessened glandular activity. In view of the apparent interrelation of many of the glands of internal secretion it is quite probable that certain of the symptoms known to accompany hypophyseal disease may be consequent upon a secondary change in other glands which follows the primary lesion of the hypophysis. These changes are seemingly more outspoken and more widespread after a lesion of the pituitary body than after a corresponding lesion of any other individual member of the group of ductless glands, and in view of its unusually well-protected position one might have conjectured that it must represent a vitally important organ. PMID- 7015860 TI - Harvey Cushing as clinical investigator and laboratory worker. AB - This assay is not a history of the pituitary gland, or an abbreviated life of Cushing, or a comprehensive review of hypophysial endocrinology. What is attempted is a short evaluation of this medical "classic" as a contribution to the history of ideas about the function of the anterior pituitary and about clinical disorders of the gland. PMID- 7015861 TI - Topical application of insulin to pressure sores: a questionable therapy. PMID- 7015862 TI - Inner dialogue: a self-healing approach for nurses and clients. PMID- 7015863 TI - I. Maternal cardiovascular and metabolic responses in normal pregnancy. AB - We investigated cardiovascular and metabolic responses in 23 healthy pregnant volunteers in their third trimester prior to, during, and after a 15-minute period of treadmill exercise. The energy utilization of this exercise was 2.33 MET with an oxygen consumption under 0.5 L/minute. Exercise induced a significant increase in maternal heart rate and a shortening of the R time intervals; both returned to baseline by 30 minutes of recovery. This light exercise also induced a significant increase in glucagon, norepinephrine, and epinephrine concentrations, all of which were transitory and reversed within 30 minutes of the recovery period. No change in glucose or cortisol concentration resulted from this exercise. We conclude that light exercise of brief duration elicits appropriate and transitory cardiovascular and metabolic responses in normal pregnancy. PMID- 7015864 TI - Surgical approach to multifocal carcinoma in situ of the vulva. AB - Thirty-nine patients with multifocal carcinoma in situ of the vulva were managed with en bloc removal of the involved skin and a split-thickness skin graft to the surgical defect. The characteristic presentations of this clinical entity are reported and options for the therapy are discussed. Thirty-nine percent of the patients developed a recurrence, but none of the recurrences was within the donated skin graft. No reports of dyspareunia or seriously altered sexual function were noted. The details of the surgical approach ae outlined and modifications of the original procedure are described. PMID- 7015865 TI - Extended-wear contact lenses after corneal grafts. PMID- 7015866 TI - Blood group antigens on human corneal cells demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining. AB - The ultrasensitive immunoperoxidase staining technique demonstrated the presence of blood groups A, B, and D antigens on human corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. Nonspecific staining was not seen and there was little antigen in the corneal stroma. Blood group antigens probably do not initiate corneal allograft rejection, but they may lend antigenic support to the rejection response one it has begun. PMID- 7015867 TI - Julius Hirschberg, the neglected historian of ophthalmology. PMID- 7015868 TI - Rapid maxillary expansion and external root resorption in man: a scanning electron microscope study. AB - The effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the external root structure of thirteen appliance-attached and five unattached maxillary first premolars from nine patients have been investigated with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Topographic features of cementum and dentine resorption, as well as initial and subsequent remineralization changes, are described in detail. All anchor premolars exhibited root resorption, which was mostly confined to the buccal surface. Generally, the longer an anchor tooth remained in fixed retention, the more extensive the buccal root resorption. In contrast, the unattached maxillary first premolars and the opposing mandibular first premolars showed no evidence of resorption. Active resorption was the dominant process in anchor premolars extracted almost immediately after rapid expansion. Subsequently, repair became the predominant process, but continuing resorption was apparent even after 9 months of retention. Repair of root defects occurred by the deposition of cellular cementum which revealed little evidence of principal periodontal fiber reattachment within the advancing mineral front. The resorption pattern identified in the scanning electron microscope was not detected by in vivo radiographic examination. The significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 7015869 TI - Tensile and shear strengths of bonded and rebonded orthodontic attachments. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a low-viscosity sealing resin and temperature cycling on the tensile and shear strengths of bonded and rebonded attachments. Eighty extracted noncarious human maxillary central incisors were used. The tensile bond strengths of a chemically activated bonding paste to etched enamel, with and without a low-viscosity sealing resin and with and without 500 temperature cycles between 5 degrees C. and 55 degrees C., were determined. The tensile bond strengths on rebonding were determined on the same teeth in such a way that the rebonded specimens were subjected to the same two variables as the originally bonded teeth. The shear bond and rebond strengths were determined on the remaining forty teeth. The specimens were tested to failure in an Instron machine. The bond strengths were expressed in MN.m-2. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Temperature cycling adversely affected tensile bond and rebond strengths, while the sealing resin had no additional effect on tensile and shear bond and rebond strengths. Tensile versus shear and bond versus rebond strengths for similarly prepared specimens were not significantly different. PMID- 7015870 TI - Glomerular epithelial cell changes in early postischemic acute renal failure in rabbits and man. AB - Spreading and flattening of glomerular podocyte cell bodies and major processes and an apparent lack of foot processes were observed by scanning electron microscopy in a reversible pedicle-clamping model of acute renal failure in ADH treated rabbits and in biopsy specimens taken 1 hour after transplantation from patients who later showed clinical signs of "acute tubular necrosis." Glomerular changes were quantified by morphometry in A) normal rabbit kidneys, B) rabbit kidneys obtained 2 hours after 1 hour of left pedicle clamping and right nephrectomy, C) kidneys similar to Group B except that the animals were treated with an agent that reliably lessens the eventual severity of renal failure (clonidine, 30 microgram/kg given intravenously 1/2 hour before unclamping), D) 1 hour-posttransplantation biopsy specimens from human kidneys that functioned well after transplantation (recipient serum creatinine less than 2.5 mg/dl on Day 3), and E) 1-hour-posttransplant biopsy specimens from kidneys that later manifested posttransplantation ischemic acute renal failure (recipient serum creatinine greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/dl on Day 3). The fraction of glomerular capillary surface covered only by podocyte processes smaller than 1 mu (and not by cell bodies and wider processes) was .65 +/- .02 (SEM) in A; .48 +/- .03 in B; .64 +/-.03 in C; .57 +/- .01 in D; and .38 +/- .04 in E (A vs B, P less than .01; B vs C, P less than .02; D vs E, P less than .01). In Groups D and E there was a significant negative correlation between the fraction of glomerular capillary surface covered only by podocyte processes less than 1 mu in width and serum creatinine on the third posttransplantation day (r = --.86, P less than .01 by the Spearman rank test). It is concluded that podocyte changes are seen by scanning electron microscopy early in clinical and experimental postischemic acute renal failure and are more pronounced in those groups that eventually develop more severe renal failure. It is unclear whether these changes reflect a decrease in glomerular hydraulic permeability or an increase in glomerular permeability to protein. PMID- 7015871 TI - Immunoenzyme histochemical localization of fibrin degradation products in tissues. AB - An immunoenzyme histochemical study was conducted to localize fibrin degradation products (FDPs) in rat tissues during disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Serial measurements of FDP levels in serum after thrombin-induced DIC showed peak levels to be found at 30 minutes; the FDPs were rapidly cleared from the circulation (half-life about one hour). Rat tissues obtained from 10 minutes to 3 hours after the induction of DIC were studied by means of immunohistochemistry. A method was developed to differentiate FDPs from fibrin in tissue sections. This method is based on the observation that, in paraplast embedded tissues, FDPs can be demonstrated following ethanol fixation only, and that fibrin is demonstrable after both paraformaldehyde fixation and ethanol fixation. Moreover, FDPs will react to some of the antiserums employed only, while fibrin will react to all antiserum used (antiserums against fibrin monomer, against the constituent chains of fibrinogen, and against FDP-D and -E). At 10-20 minutes after the induction of DIC, FDPs were found in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells. These FDPs could be demonstrated using antiserum against the constituent chains of fibrinogen, but not by antiserums against FDP-D or -E. At 30-90 minutes, FDPs were found inside liver macrophages. The FDPs in liver did not react to anti-chain antiserums, though they did react to antiserums against FDP-D and -E. Since no FDPs were found in other tissues, rat FDPs are apparently cleared by kidney (earlier phase) and liver (later phase) only. In human cases of DIC, FDPs, could be demonstrated in kidney proximal tubules cells and in liver macrophages as well. PMID- 7015872 TI - Intracellular myoglobin--a specific marker for skeletal muscle differentiation in soft tissue sarcomas. An immunoperoxidase study. AB - Intracellular myoglobin represents an excellent marker for specific characterization of normal (adult and fetal) and malignant skeletal muscle cells in paraffin sections. With an immunoperoxidase indirect sandwich technique for detection of intracellular myoglobin, positive staining was observed in 13 of 17 rhabdomyosarcoma specimens including 5 of 7 of the alveolar type, 5 of 5 of the embryonal type, and 3 of 5 of the pleomorphic type. Initial fixation in Zenker's acetic acid solution gave optimal staining, but satisfactory results were obtained with fixation in formalin, Bouin's, and B5 solutions. Other types of sarcomas (13 cases) and other types of tumors (24 cases) that sometimes mimic rhabdomyosarcoma on histologic examination gave negative results. The immunoperoxidase method affords a sensitive and specific method for identifying rhabdomyoblasts in tissue on the basis of intracellular myoglobin and is of use in distinguishing rhabdomyosarcomas from other sarcomas and from malignant tumors of other types. PMID- 7015874 TI - Mortality changes in a Polish rural community (1350--1972) and estimation of their evolutionary significance. AB - Changes in the mortality profiles of the population of 13 villages in central Poland have been studied for the medieval and nineteenth-century periods. Three measures, derived from the demographic data, were analyzed within an evolutionary context: (1) Im, the opportunity for selection through differential mortality, (2) Rpot, the potential gross reproductive rate, and (3) Ibs, the index of biological state. Changes in these indicators over time denote sharp differences in the opportunity for natural selection through differential mortality. The greatest changes are associated with technological and organizational transformations of the social system, especially during the first half of the nineteenth century. PMID- 7015875 TI - Effects of ovarian steroids and pregnancy on adrenergic nerves of uterus and oviduct. AB - This review concerns the influence of ovarian steroids and of pregnancy on norepinephrine (NE) metabolism in the adrenergic neurons of the female reproductive tract and speculates on the physiological consequences of this influence. Estrogen and progesterone affect not only the NE content of these nerves but also the turnover of NE, the activity of its synthetic enzyme, and releases of NE from nerve terminals. During pregnancy additional factors including stretch-induced hypertrophy come into play and cause degeneration of the nerves in the uterine corpus. This degeneration makes the muscle supersensitive to NE and may also induce morphological changes in the muscle cell membrane. As a result there may be a withdrawal of neural inhibitory influences on the corpus, allowing spontaneous myogenic contractions to intensify. Although the physiological significance of the steroid-transmitter interactions are still unclear, these nerves per se are of interest because they represent a model system for the study of neuroendocrine regulation in the peripheral nervous system. PMID- 7015876 TI - Glucoregulatory and metabolic response to exercise in obese noninsulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The metabolic response to exercise in obese postabsorptive noninsulin-dependent diabetics was compared to that of obese nondiabetics. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a cycle ergometer at 60% maximum oxygen consumption. Six diabetic subjects were studied during oral hypoglycemic therapy and four on diet alone. The sulfonylurea therapy had no effect on the response. Glycemia was elevated at rest in both diabetic subgroups (192 +/- 24 mg/dl for diet alone, 226 +/- 36 mg/dl for sulfonylurea treatment) and a similar fall (35 and 37 mg/dl, respectively) occurred with exercise. In control subjects, glycemia was 86 +/- 4 mg/dl and did not change with exercise. In the diabetics at rest, glucose production was elevated (220 +/- 25 mg/min), whereas the metabolic clearance of glucose was suppressed. During exercise the increase in glucose utilization was similar to that in controls, but glucose production failed to increase significantly, thus accounting for the decline in plasma glucose. At rest, plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was elevated to 0.90 ng/ml in the controls and decreased to 0.65 ng/ml with exercise. In the diabetics IRI was similarly elevated (0.89 ng/ml) but failed to decrease normally with exercise. Lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and free fatty acids increased similarly in diabetics and controls, whereas the increase in 3-hydroxybutyrate during recovery was less in diabetics. The sustained insulinemia, the basal overproduction of glucose, and hyperglycemia itself may all contribute to the observed differences in glucose flux during exercise in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7015877 TI - Enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in year-old rats adapted to hypergravity. AB - Rats adapted to hypergravity by continuous centrifugation at 4.15 g for 7 mo exhibit increased glucose uptake at lower plasma insulin levels than weight matched control animals following oral glucose administration. To assess insulin sensitivity of specific tissues, glucose uptake by perfused skeletal muscle and liver from year-old hypergravic rats was compared with perfused tissue from weight-matched control rats (2.5-mo-old). The results show that metabolic clearance of glucose by skeletal muscle from hypergravic rats ws not significantly greater than control muscle when perfused in the absence of insulin (10.6 vs. 8.1 microliter.min-1.g muscle-1) but was twofold faster (23.0 vs. 9.5) at perfusate insulin levels of 35 microunits/ml. Conversely, glucose uptake by hypergravic livers was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) compared with control livers (10.3 vs. 27.8) at perfusate insulin levels of 40 microunits/ml. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle rather than liver is the tissue primarily responsible for enhanced sensitivity to insulin observed in older rats adapted to hypergravity. PMID- 7015878 TI - Role of epinephrine for muscular glycogenolysis and pancreatic hormonal secretion in running rats. AB - We have previously shown that during swimming muscular glycogen breakdown was diminished and plasma glucagon and insulin were lower and higher, respectively, in adrenodemedullated rats compared to controls. These findings might be due to a lower work intensity or higher efficiency in adrenodemedullated rats than in controls. Furthermore, they might be due to either an acute or a chronic influence of epinephrine. Rats were adrenodemedullated (DM) or sham-operated (C). They were chronically cannulated and either rested or ran in a metabolism chamber for 45 min. Running DM rats had either saline (DM-S) or epinephrine (normalizing the concentration in plasma) (DM-E) infused. During running, oxygen uptake was identical in C and DM rats. Muscular glycogen breakdown was similar in DM-E and C rats and higher than in DM-S rats. Blood glucose, lactate, and heart rate increased in C and DM-E, but not in DM-S rats. In spite of the differences in blood glucose, plasma insulin was the same in all groups and plasma glucagon increased identically in all running rats. Plasma FFA and liver glycogen were similar in all groups. In conclusion. in running rats, epinephrine exerts an acute enhancing effect on muscular glycogenolysis, glucagon secretion, and heart rate and an acute depressing effect on insulin secretion. PMID- 7015873 TI - Legionellosis. PMID- 7015879 TI - Stoichiometry and coupling of active transport to oxidative metabolism in epithelial tissues. AB - A linear relationship has been observed between the rate of active ion transport and the oxygen consumption or lactate production rate in a variety of epithelia. Stoichiometries of ions transported per oxygen consumed or ATP utilized calculated from these relationships reflect actual properties of the active transport step when the following two conditions are met: 1) the basal metabolic rate, obtained in the absence of active transport, remains constant at all rates of active transport; and 2) all the net transport across the tissue considered in the calculation traverses through active (energy-dissipative) pathways. The nature of the cellular mechanism linking active transport and energy production is a fundamental physiological question. Experimental alterations in the rate of active transport elicit mitochondrial state transitions and/or changes in adenine nucleotide concentrations in various epithelia. These findings, obtained by optical and biochemical methods, indicate that ATP and its hydrolysis products constitute part of the coupling mechanism linking the turnover of transport ATPase and the aerobic metabolic rate in epithelia. PMID- 7015880 TI - Intestinal microcirculation and transmucosal fluid transport. AB - Blood and lymph capillaries play an important role in removing absorbed fluid from the interstitium of the intestinal mucosa. Data from the literature indicate that hydrostatic and oncotic pressures within the mucosal interstitium primarily determine the partition of absorbed fluid between blood and lymph. Alterations in the density of perfused capillaries and/or capillary permeability during absorption also influence the effectiveness of blood capillaries in removing absorbed fluid. An hypothesis regarding the roles of the interstitium, lymphatics, and capillaries during fluid transport is presented that is based mostly on whole organ studies. The effects of interstitial fluid compartmentation on interpretations of whole organ data are also discussed. PMID- 7015881 TI - Reinstatement of the concept of the unconscious in the Soviet Union. AB - The author reports on a symposium on the concept of the unconscious held in Tbilisi, U.S.S.R., in October 1979 to which Western scientists, including psychoanalysts, were invited. He provides a brief historical review of Soviet psychology, then describes the more recent emergence of two distinct groups- "psychologists" and "antipsychologists." The "psychologists" are aware of the need for improved understanding of unconscious motivations; the "antipsychologists" maintain the physiology-oriented tradition of Pavlov. The author contrasts current Soviet views of the unconscious with those of Freud and his followers and provides an up-to-date report on current Soviet attitudes through January 1981. PMID- 7015882 TI - Review of behavioral psychotherapy, I: Obsessive-compulsive disorders. AB - Obsessive-compulsive ritualizers have maintained their improvement after exposure in vivo for up to 3 years' follow-up in the United States, Britain, Greece, and Australia. Unlike exposure in vivo, relaxation is of little value. Early gains in treatment predict long-term outcome. Exposure therapy is usually on an outpatient basis and takes 1-30 sessions. Self-exposure homework is critical. Sessions at home are also required, together with relatives cooperating as exposure cotherapists. Some patients can treat themselves almost unaided, while others need extensive assistance. Clomipramine is helpful for ritualizers with coexisting depression, but depression tends to recur when clomipramine therapy is stopped. PMID- 7015884 TI - Effects of neuroleptic adjustment on clinical condition and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients. AB - The authors decreased neuroleptic medication in 21 chronic schizophrenic patients in an attempt to minimize the risks of tardive dyskinesia. Level of psychopathology and severity of dyskinetic symptoms were monitored while the neuroleptic was gradually decreased over 3 months and then discontinued. Only 1 patient relapsed during drug decrease; however, 15 patients relapsed within 6 months after drug withdrawal. After relapse, medication was gradually increased. The doses needed to induce recovery were higher than those which had been sufficient to prevent relapse during gradual drug reduction. Dyskinetic symptoms were not significantly modified during drug reduction but increased significantly after drug discontinuation. PMID- 7015883 TI - An overview of pharmacologic treatment of cognitive decline in the aged. AB - The most widely known substances that have been investigated for treating cognitive deterioration in the aged are cerebral vasodilators, Gerovital H3, psychostimulants, "nootropics," neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters. The rationale for the choice of specific agents has shifted as our conceptions regarding the origins of cognitive decline have changed; we now know that most cognitive deterioration occurs independently of arteriosclerotic vascular changes. Substances currently being investigated because of their effects on brain electrophysiology, on neurohumoral processes, or on central neurotransmitters show promise. PMID- 7015885 TI - The history of multiple personality in the United States: I: The beginnings. AB - The origins of the history of multiple personality in the United States may be found in the lectures and writings of Benjamin Rush. Although the case of Mary Reynolds in 1811 has been thought to be the first known case of multiple personality. Rush described three earlier cases of dissociation and attempted to explain these strange phenomena. PMID- 7015886 TI - Twenty-eighth Annual Karen Horney Lecture: Diegophrenia and genius. PMID- 7015887 TI - Hospitalization of medicaid children: analysis of small area variations in admission rates. AB - Population-based hospitalization rates were computed and analyzed for AFDC children among 14 small area subdivisions of the State of Washington. Medical surgical admission rates ranged from 65.3 to 161.7 per 1,000 person-years among the 14 areas. Surgical admission rates were significantly higher in urban areas; medical admission rates were significantly higher in rural areas. The majority of variance in overall rates was accounted for by admissions for four diagnostic categories: gastroenteritis (18-fold differences), lower respiratory infections (15-fold differences), upper respiratory infections (8-fold differences), and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery (6-fold differences). Secondary analysis indicates that these differences in admission rates were not associated with: medical need or demographic factors, epidemic patterns of disease, physician supply, hospital bed supply or occupancy rates, or severity of disease or delay in seeking medical care as reflected by average length of stay. It is possible that the observed variations may reflect either differences in the propensity of local physicians to hospitalize or differences in the use or adequacy of community, ambulatory, and preventive care. PMID- 7015888 TI - Duffy blood types and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. AB - We investigated an hypothesis relating the Duffy-negative blood type with insusceptibility to vivax malaria--and previously associated only with people of West African ancestry--in three population samples of eastern African stock. The samples included Nilotic and Hamitic-Semitic residents of a malarious locale in Ethiopia and Hamito-Semites in Addis Ababa where malaria is not endemic. Fresh red blood cells from 191 subjects were tested with Duffy antisera, anti-Fya and anti-Fyb. Duffy-positive rates in the malarious community were 8% for the Nilotes and 70% for the Hamito-Semites; the Hamito-Semites in Addis Ababa were 98% Duffy positive. The relative prevalences of Plasmodium vivax in the two study groups at risk to malaria were 2.4% for the Nilotes and 27.3% for the Hamito-Semites, producing a ratio similar to the ratio of Duffy-positive in the two samples. We interpret the data as supportive of the Duffy-vivax hypothesis with reference to a part of eastern Africa, and we suggest that the Duffy-negative genotype may represent the original, rather than the mutant, condition in tropial Africa. PMID- 7015889 TI - Diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by immunofluorescence, using Strongyloides ratti and S. stercoralis larvae. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis has been investigated. Sera were obtained from 160 Australian ex-servicemen who had been prisoners-of-war in Southeast Asia during World War II, 44 of whom proven parasitologically to have strongyloidiasis; these men did not have concurrent infections with other helminths. In addition, sera were collected from 44 age- and sex-matched Australians who were not thought to have been exposed to S. stercoralis, and from 44 Filipino subjects. Antibodies were measured by using living filariform S. ratti larvae as the source of antigen. The assay was highly sensitive; antibodies were found at a titer of 1:4 or greater in 98% of men with strongyloidiasis and in 2% of Australian control subjects. Fifteen percent of exposed ex-servicemen in whom parasites had not been found had antibody titers of 1:4 or more, and it is thought that they had cryptic infections. Incubation of pooled positive sera with soluble S. ratti antigen produced a marked fall in antibody titer, but no changes were seen after incubation with soluble Ascaris suum or Dirofilaria immitis antigens. It is thought that this indicates that the test is specific and that the 84% of Filipinos with antibody titers of 1:4 or greater had unsuspected strongyloidiasis. When antibody titers against S. ratti were compared with those obtained using living filariform S. stercoralis larvae, a high correlation was found (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). It is concluded that this assay provides a simple, safe, and specific method for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7015890 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization by electron microscopy of soluble egg antigen and human IgG in circumoval precipitin reactions around Schistosoma mansoni eggs. AB - Soluble egg antigen and human IgG were localized by the unlabelled antibody enzyme technique for electron microscopy on Schistosoma mansoni eggs having circumoval precipitin reactions. Reaction products indicating the presence of soluble egg antigen were on portions of the circumoval precipitate outside the egg, between the eggshell and vitelline membrane, and between the vitelline membrane and miracidium inside the egg. Reaction products indicating human IgG were only found on portions of the circumoval precipitate external to the eggshell. PMID- 7015891 TI - Aflatoxins and disease. AB - These days it is widely believed by experts that most cancers are caused by environment factors. The epidemiology of most of these suspected factors is still equivocal. One such factor which has been widely studied is aflatoxin, a chemical produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Because of the widespread distribution of this agent, its known toxicity, and its frequent ingestion by humans, aflatoxin may well be a significant cause of cancer worldwide. This paper attempts to summarize some of the historical and epidemiological evidence regarding aflatoxins and disease. PMID- 7015893 TI - [The Roche 3100 ventilation system]. PMID- 7015892 TI - [Measurements of water compartments: comparison of impedance and isotopic dilution methods]. PMID- 7015894 TI - [Role of the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins with depressor action in the pathogenesis of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7015895 TI - [Trophoblastic immunoglobulin transport system]. PMID- 7015897 TI - [Gamete aging and congenital pathology]. PMID- 7015898 TI - Organizational development through strategic management planning. PMID- 7015896 TI - [Experience with hemosorption in the combined therapy of severe forms of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7015899 TI - Medical Pathology Conference. Headaches and dysphasia in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7015900 TI - A difficult pregnancy: embryologic development of American medical education. PMID- 7015901 TI - A visit to Dr. Jung. PMID- 7015902 TI - New Bone Marrow Transplant Center begins treatment for acute leukemia and aplastic anemia. PMID- 7015903 TI - Endocrine manifestations of histiocytosis. AB - Diabetes insipidus and growth retardation are the prominent endocrine manifestations of histiocytosis. Galactorrhea, hypogonadism, and panhypopituitarism are rarely associated with this disorder. To date, the vast majority of morphologic and functional studies of the pituitary and hypothalamus in affected patients indicate that histiocytic infiltration results in a hypothalamic dysfunction with a secondary partial or complete hypopituitarism. This hypopituitarism is due to deficient trophic stimulation or inhibition by hypothalamic releasing or inhibitory factors. PMID- 7015904 TI - Evolution of modern concepts of hemostasis. A backward glance at the discoveries that made modern practice possible. AB - Most of our current knowledge about the roles of blood vessels, platelets, and plasma factors in hemostasis has been gained in the last three decades. However, prior to this period a relatively limited but critical framework of ideas about hemostasis had slowly but steadily evolved, beginning in 1666 when Malpighi discovered fibrin in blood clots. By the turn of the 20th century aggregation of platelets at the site of blood vessel injury was recognized and four enduring coagulation factors emerged: fibrinogen, prothrombin, tissue extracts (thromboplastin), and calcium. Them progress exploded after World War II, leading us into a search for the molecular basis of hemostasis where we are today. Through it all, observations made at the bedside by astute clinicians have been a driving force in the advancement of basic knowledge. PMID- 7015906 TI - Albrecht Durer. Depictions of facies as expressions of personality. PMID- 7015905 TI - Russell's fuchsine body. "The characteristic organism of cancer.". PMID- 7015907 TI - The relationship of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita to cicatricial pemphigoid. PMID- 7015908 TI - Pemphigus-like lesions induced by D-penicillamine. Analysis of clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence features in 34 cases. PMID- 7015910 TI - Sjogren's syndrome. A review with emphasis on immunological features. PMID- 7015909 TI - Cow's milk allergy. PMID- 7015912 TI - Reduction of metacholine-induced nasal secretion by treatment with a new topical steroid in perennial non-allergic rhinitis. AB - The value of three objective tests of the nasal mucosa in 22 patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis treated with a topical corticosteroid has been investigated. Placebo and three different dosages of a new steroid, budesonide, were administered intranasally using a double-blind, cross-over technique. Nasal airway resistance was not reduced by the steroid treatment as compared with the placebo treatment. Eosinophilia in nasal smears was reduced by budesonide. However, the value of this test was decreased by the fact that eosinophilia was found in less than 50% of the patients at the beginning of the trial. Metacholine induced nasal secretion was significantly reduced by the budesonide treatment. Symptom scores for nasal obstruction, secretion and sneezing attacks were also significantly reduced by the steroid. PMID- 7015911 TI - Immunotherapy in hay fever with two major allergens 19, 25 and partially purified extract of timothy grass pollen. A controlled double blind study. In vitro variables, season i. PMID- 7015913 TI - Two simple programs for the analysis of data from enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays on a programmable desk-top calculator. PMID- 7015914 TI - Proteolytic enzymes as probes for the triple-helical conformation of procollagen. PMID- 7015915 TI - Review: application of monoclonal antibody techniques to biochemical research. PMID- 7015916 TI - A simple and rapid method for the quantitative isolation of proteins from polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7015918 TI - Enzymatic determination of betaine in rat tissues. PMID- 7015919 TI - Pharmaceuticals and related drugs. PMID- 7015917 TI - Rapid and reliable identification of "casein kinases TS" in many tissues by means of a new specific and very suitable model substrate. PMID- 7015920 TI - Clinical chemistry. PMID- 7015922 TI - [Joseph Hyrtl as a comparative anatomist (author's transl)]. AB - According to his liking Joseph Hyrtl produced a collection of anatomical preparations, which exceeded everything before in completeness; thus he became a worthy successor of the Netherlands traditions. The prevailing part of this collection represents a comparative-anatomical museum; therefore many treatises of his considerable scientific-literary work concern with comparative anatomy. While he was reputed unquestionably to be the founder of the topographical branch of anatomy in the area of the German language, he had to struggle for appreciation in the comparative branch of anatomy, and got formally accepted by nomination as Professor of Comparative Anatomy at the Medical Faculty of Vienna. Yet the separation of the zoological science that had split into an own department at this time was not prevented but confirmed by the authority as the comparative collection was incorporated into the Zootomical Institute of the Philosophical Faculty of Vienna, when Hyrtl had become Professor emeritus; the international reputation of this large comparative-anatomical collection, produced by Hyrtl himself, is to be seen when it had become the fourth position in contemporary rank after the collections at the Universities of London, Paris and Leyden. PMID- 7015921 TI - Food. PMID- 7015923 TI - [Research on the islets of Langerhans after standardized perfusion of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015927 TI - Evidence for in vivo biotransformation of nitrous oxide. PMID- 7015925 TI - Anesthetic management of te pediatric patient with a tracheal T-tube. PMID- 7015924 TI - Cancer chemotherapy: implications for the anesthesiologist. PMID- 7015926 TI - The effects of high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation on intracranial pressure and brain surface movement in cats. AB - Compared to traditional, low-frequency ventilation (LFV), mechanical ventilation at high frequencies (60-200 breaths/min) and low tidal volumes (HFV) is known to: 1) eliminate respiratory-synchronous variations in blood pressure; 2) minimize ventilatory effects on the cardiovascular system; 3) reduce peak airway pressures; and 4) suppress spontaneous respiratory efforts. Since these and other properties may make HFV useful in patients with acute intracranial pathology, we studied the effects of HFV on intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats. Compared with LFV (rate 11/min, tidal volume equals 15 ml/kg), HFV (rate 100/min, VT equals 3.3 ml/kg) had little effect on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, right atrial pressure, mean ICP or mean cerebral perfusion pressures, even if baseline ICP was raised using an epidural balloon. However, HFV effectively eliminated ventilator linked fluctuations in both blood pressure and ICP, and at all levels of mean ICP studied (4.8, 15, and 30 torr), significantly reduced the peak ICP seen during a single respiratory cycle. The reduction in ICP fluctuation and peak pressure was more pronounced as intracranial complicance fell. However, the physiologic significance of such a change in the ICP pressure waveform is unknown. Because of the observed influence of HFV on ICP fluctuations, we also examined its effects on the physical movement of the exposed brain, using a non-contact, inductive displacement measuring device. During LFV, the cortical surface moved "in and out" by 0.36 plus or minus 0.1 (plus or minus SD) mm, a distance sufficient to make microscopic focusing difficult. Changing to HFV reduced surface movement to 0.05 plus or minus 0.01 mm, producing a very stable surface. These results suggested that HFV may play a very important role in the intraoperative management oif patients undergoing certain neurosurgical procedures, particularly those requiring microsurgical techniques where reduced brain movement may facilitate surgery. PMID- 7015928 TI - [In memory of Guenter Timmermann (scientific historical study of the controversy the Fahrenholz principle)]. PMID- 7015929 TI - [Demonstration of estradiol and progesterone receptors in histological preparations]. AB - Oestradiol receptors were demonstrated using the technique of Sin Hang Lee. Receptors are seen after incubation of a section of breast tissue frozen immediately before, with oestradiol bound to a fluorescent molecule (17 beta oestradiol-6-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate). By the same technique, it is possible to visualise progesterone receptors (11 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone hemisuccinate-bovine serum albuminum-tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate). This technique was applied routinely to all breast specimens sent to the laboratory. There were approximately 30 carcinomas, 10 fibroadenomas and 10 dysplasic lesions. Infiltrating carcinomas contained oestrogenic receptors, their distribution being heterogeneous. They appeared to consist of a mixture in varying proportions of positive and negative cells. Intracanalicular carcinomas contained little or no receptors. Receptors were present in Paget cells whilst surrounding keratinocytes contained none. Young fibroadenomas showed the presence of receptors within their epithelial and fibroblastic elements. By contrast, fibroadenomas in a state of involution were negative. Dysplasias may contain receptors, the quantity and distribution showing no typical pattern. In particular, intracanalicular epithelial proliferations may contain receptors. The results of this technique have not yet been correlated with those of "exchanges in vitro". PMID- 7015930 TI - [Composite lymphoma. Review of the literature]. AB - The authors report of a case of composite lymphoma, defined by the coexistence of two clearly different types of malignant lymphoma in a single lymph node or splenic site. A review of the literature led to the discovery of 20 cases of this type of lymphoma. The macroscopic and histological lesions are analysed. PMID- 7015931 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis in the DBM mouse. Correlated study of quantitative morphology, immunofluorescence and electronic microscopy]. AB - Using an experimental model of genetic diabetes (DBM mouse) a comparison was made of the results of quantitative data obtained by light and electron microscopy (measurement of glomerular and mesangial surface areas, assessment of the thickness of the basal membrane and its irregularities) and was used to demonstrate the actual presence of glomerulosclerosis in the renal parenchyma of 31 diabetic animals. In addition, immunofluorescent investigations in these same animals demonstrated the presence of serum proteins (in particular immunoglobulins and albumin) in the glomerulus and the tubular basal membrane. These substances transude through the vessels as a result of increased vascular permeability. In this area, membrane abnormalities are not a consequence of hyperglycaemia. In the group, one batch of animals in which hyperglycaemia was partially reduced by glycoregulatory therapy showed the same glomerular changes. Amongst other factors, the possible role of hyperinsulinaemia constantly present in these animals, regardless of their blood glucose level, is worthy of consideration. PMID- 7015932 TI - First-aid treatment of poisonous snakebite: are currently recommended procedures justified? AB - A survey of the literature on first-aid treatments for poisonous snakebite reveals conflicting recommendations. A subsequent review of experiments and case surveys investigating such treatments indicates that the most commonly recommended procedures (incision and suction, ligation, and ice-packing of the bite) are not well supported by experimental evidence, and may possibly be harmful. We suggest that further clinical research and case studies are necessary in order to determine safe and effective first-aid procedures for the bites of American poisonous snakes. PMID- 7015933 TI - Controlled clinical trial of five short-course (4-month) chemotherapy regimens in pulmonary tuberculosis. Second report of the 4th study. East African/British Medical Research Councils Study. AB - We compared the bacteriologic relapse between 5 and 28 months for five 4-month chemotherapeutic regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis. The regimens were: (1) streptomycin plus isoniazid plus rifampin plus pyrazinamide daily for 8 wk followed by isoniazid plus rifampin plus pyrazinamide daily for 9 wk; (2) the same 4 initial drugs for 8 wk followed by isoniazid plus rifampin daily for 9 wk; (3) the same 4 initial drugs for 8 wk followed by isoniazid plus pyrazinamide daily for 9 wk; (4) the same 4 drugs for 8 wk followed by isoniazid daily for 9 wk; (5) the same as regimen 4; but without streptomycin for the first 8 wk. The first 2 regimens, in which rifampin was given for 4 months, had relapse rates of 16 and 11%, respectively, but the rates were much higher for the regimens in which rifampin was given for only 2 months (32 and 30 %, respectively). The addition of pyrazinamide in the continuation phase had no effect on relapse rate. Removal of the streptomycin (regimen 5) resulted in a relapse rate of 40%, but this was not significantly higher than that (30%) after regimen 4 (p = 0.2). PMID- 7015934 TI - A controlled trial of the use of single versus combined-drug therapy in the treatment of acute episodes of asthma. AB - Eighty-nine patients who presented to the hospital for treatment of acute episodes of asthma were randomly assigned to initial therapy with subcutaneously administered epinephrine or 1 of 2 combination regimens consisting of intravenously administered aminophylline and either subcutaneously administered of epinephrine or inhaled isoproterenol. During the first hour of treatment, as a group, the patients treated with the 2-drug regimens showed greater objective improvement than did patients who received epinephrine alone. This was particularly true for patients with either severe airway obstruction or a subtherapeutic theophylline concentration at the time of presentation. There were no differences in the heart rate and blood pressure responses to the 3 regimens, and symptoms consistent with drug side effects were not reported more frequently by patients treated with 2 drugs. Thus, the combination of sympathomimetics and aminophylline appear more effective, and no more toxic, than epinephrine alone for the initial treatment of acute episodes of asthma. PMID- 7015935 TI - Morphometric study of rat lung cells. I. Numerical and dimensional characteristics of parenchymal cell population. AB - Four normal rat lungs were positive-pressure inflated (7 mm Hg downslope) and perfusion-fixed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis yielded estimates for compartmental volume densities in alveolar septal lung tissue excluding capillaries: type I cells, 0.126; type II cells, 0.097; endothelium, 0.264; interstitial cells, 0.358; interstitial space, 0.116; macrophages, 0.039. Numerically, the largest cell population of the parenchymal tissue was the endothelial cells (43%) followed by interstitial (31.8%), type II (14.5%), and type I (7.5%) epithelial cells; 3.2% were macrophages. Individual type I cells possessed the largest cell volume (915 micron3) as well as th largest luminal surface (4,518 micron3), covering 97.5% of the alveolar surface. Type II cells (volume, 366 micron3; surface, 62 micron2) line only 2.5% of the alveolus. Total endothelial surface is 16% larger than the alveolar surface, although individual endothelial cells are much smaller (volume, 336 micron3; luminal surface, 946 micron 2) than type I cells. Macrophages and interstitial cells (cell volume, 665 and 615 micron3, respectively) are of an intermediate size. By restricting the reference frame to alveolar septal tissue, surface and volume estimates agree well in most cases with instillation-fixed lungs. Caution is nevertheless indicated in interpreting such comparisons because differing fixation/inflation techniques generate unequal osmotic and oncotic pressure gradients. PMID- 7015936 TI - American Thoracic Society--five great teachers in the field of tuberculosis. PMID- 7015937 TI - Nobel Prize winners in surgery: Part 1. PMID- 7015938 TI - Ultrasonic detection of acute cholecystitis with pericholecystic abscesses. AB - Perforation of the gallbladder is a life-threatening complication of acute cholecystitis that is often difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Standard radiographic and laboratory tests have not been reliable in identifying patients with this complication. In contrast, biliary sonography correctly diagnosed pericholecystic abscesses preoperatively in three patients with acute cholecystitis. The ultrasonic appearance of acute cholecystitis with a pericholecystic abscess was similar in all three patients. There was an extraluminal fluid collection located contiguous to a thick-walled gallbladder in the fundic region. The fluid collection was constant in location and could be seen in at least two different views. Two of these three patients had acalculous cholecystitis; the initial clinical diagnosis in one was pancreatitis, and in the other alcoholic hepatitis. Biliary sonography, by demonstrating a thickened gallbladder wall in the absence of ascites, strongly suggested that these two patients had acute acalculous cholecystitis, and not hepatitis or pancreatitis. The ultrasonic examination was a critical factor in the decision for prompt surgery instead of continued nonoperative management in these patients. These data suggest that not only can biliary sonography aid in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, calculous as well as acalculous, but can also visualize a pericholecystic abscess when it is present. PMID- 7015939 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. VII. Multivariate significance tests. AB - Multivariate analysis is commonly used to "prove" the existence of significant, if frequently small, differences between samples. Methods with numerical examples are presented for three test statistics used in multivariate analysis to assess the chance of an error of the first kind, alpha, that the differences observed are merely the result of chance. Hotelling's T2 test is a measure of the significance of the difference between groups. Wilks' lambda is used to assess the significance of the separation between groups. Box's M statistic is used to test the hypothesis that two variance-covariance matrices are the same. The question is raised of the power of test statistics: while they may possess high sensitivity in terms of assessing the significance of differences observed, alone they lack the specificity to determine absolutely the cause of the differences. PMID- 7015940 TI - Characterization of coronavirus-infected tissue cultures by computer-aided cytophotometry. AB - Coronavirus-infected cells were cytophotometrically measured and analyze during a replication cycle. Distinct cytoplasmic differences were observed in images scanned at 260 and 280 nm; these differences could be attributed to specific virologic changes using virologic tests. The application of computer-aided cytophotometry may prove to be a valuable approach in the analysis of infected cells. PMID- 7015941 TI - Computer-aided image analysis for the differentiation of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood smears from leukemic patients. AB - Different leukemias originating from the lymphatic system and from the myeloid tissue of the bone marrow were selected to develop and test algorithms to cytophotometrically define leukemic cells. Two of these cases were of low-grade, one of intermediate-grade and one of high-grade malignancy. The malignant cell types of each leukemic form could be identified and characterized by assessing the chromatin texture of the nucleus in the leukemic cells. With this method, normal peripheral white blood cells could be differentiated from leukemic ones. The results correlate directly with established hematologic parameters as they are described in the literature. The investigation demonstrated the usefulness of computer methods in the differentiation of closely related cell structures. PMID- 7015942 TI - Nuclear boundary detection algorithm based on a minimax derivative statistic for atypical bronchial squamous epithelial cells. AB - The thresholding approach in scene segmentation of digitized cell images was found to be unreliable for use with squamous epithelial cells characterized by chromatin condensation within the nucleus. It was observed that the nuclear boundaries of such cells were visually distinguishable. An algorithm was developed for detecting nuclear boundaries in digitized cell images. This algorithm is based on a minimax derivative statistic that has maximum values at nuclear boundaries and low values elsewhere. The statistical properties of the confusion matrix of cellular scene segmentation are outlined. A measurement and a test statistic for scene segmentation errors based on those properties are presented. PMID- 7015944 TI - Improvement of the preparation method for vaginal smears for the auto-cyto screener. AB - An improved method of preparing vaginal smears for use in the Auto-Cyto-Screener is reported. The main alterations from the previous technique were the substitution of 2% formaldehyde phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 50% ethanol as the preservative fluid, the use of homogenization in place of sonication for cell aggregate dispersion and the introduction of Ficoll-gradient sedimentation, which not only removes leukocytes and other elements from the suspensions but also concentrates the cancer cells to some extent. An examination of cell deposition techniques showed that optimal results were achieved with the use of filter paper, not rubber, and with centrifugation performed immediately after loading the suspension into the chambers. PMID- 7015945 TI - Characterization of cultured human tumor cell lines by flow cytometry DNA stemline. AB - The DNA stemlines for 12 human tumor cell lines were determined by flow cytometry, and the determinations were compared with other methods available for characterizing cultured cells. In four of ten cases where karyotyping had been done, there was a reasonably good correlation between DNA and karyotype stemlines, but in six cases they differed. Two distinct stemlines were present in two cases. The measurements by flow cytometry can be carried out rapidly and easily and may be useful indicators of extraneous cell contamination or a special clone-derived cell population that has developed during culture passage. In addition, information is provided on the cell cycle distribution. It is proposed that flow cytometry determinations of the DNA stemline be used to help characterize cultured cell lines and to ensure their identity. PMID- 7015943 TI - Logical classifiers for image analysis in medicine. AB - A simple, intuitive procedure for the stepwise classification of objects in n dimensional feature spaces is presented. Each classification step is based on a single feature decision and provides an optimal separation of the objects of only one class from the objects of all other classes. The algorithm of this procedure is implemented on a minicomputer of an image-analysis system. Testing of the classifiers on biomedical data (213 slides of diseased and normal liver tissue) yielded good results requiring few decisions and threshold parameters: 152 correct classifications, 16 incorrect classifications and 45 rejections. PMID- 7015946 TI - The development of a cervical smear preparation procedure from the BioPEPR image analysis system. AB - The preparation procedure for the BioPEPR automated image analysis system is described. Cervical cells are collected in a preservative solution and disaggregated by an automated syringing apparatus, giving about 50% single cells. After centrifugation, the preservative solution is discarded, 2% polyethyleneglycol in 50% ethanol (carbowax) is added, and the cell solution is automatically spread onto a glass slide, resulting in a cell density of about 50 cells/sq mm in the central area of the smear. Increasing cell density is shown to lead to a gradual linear decrease in single cells. All preparation steps have been critically evaluated, and the possibility of implementing this preparation procedure in a fully automated system is discussed. PMID- 7015947 TI - A fast interval processor (FIP) for cervical prescreening. AB - A cervical prescreening device (FIP: fast interval processor) designed to scan and classify a slide-mounted specimen within two minutes is described. The image analysis techniques are based directly on the MRC Cerviscan equipment with the minimal conversion needed to adapt these techniques for interval processing. A high scanning rate is achieved by scanning with a charge-coupled diode linear image sensor along one axis and by stepping the microscope stage continuously along the other axis. High processing rates are achieved using an asynchronous pipeline approach. Operations on pixels are carried out by parallel dedicated hardware units, while operations on intervals (segments) are carrie out using a dual microprocessing configuration. A determined attempt has been made to minimize the cost of the components required. Preliminary results showing scanning and processing performance are given. PMID- 7015948 TI - U-500 insulin in the treatment of antibody-mediated insulin resistance. AB - Three patients with antibody-mediated insulin resistance were treated with U-500 regular insulin subcutaneously. Insulin requirements decreased dramatically (55% to 75%) when therapy was changed from U-100 NPH pork to equivalent doses of U-500 regular pork insulin. There was no difference in antibody affinity for the insulin in these two preparations as shown by competition experiments. These observations demonstrate that U-500 insulin is a useful alternative in the treatment of antibody-mediated insulin resistance. The mechanism for this effect is yet to be determined. PMID- 7015949 TI - Ulceration of the tongue: a complication of captopril therapy. PMID- 7015950 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen in urine of renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7015951 TI - Drug-induced and other orofacial-cervical dyskinesias. AB - Tardive dyskinesia is one of the most prevalent and disabling of the iatrogenic disorders. Characterized by involuntary movements of the orofacial-cervical musculature that develop after prolonged use of neuroleptic drugs, it is sometimes confused with other involuntary movements involving predominantly the head and neck region. In this review the differential diagnosis of the orofacial cervical dyskinesias is discussed. A therapeutic approach is presented in view of our recent understanding of the possible biochemical mechanisms of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7015952 TI - [Environmental pharmaco-toxicology of arsenic]. PMID- 7015953 TI - [Clinical value of the determination of serum digoxin levels (author's transl)]. AB - The authors refer to the technique of the serum digoxin enzyme immunoassay, and they report the results of 297 dosages concerning 111 hospitalized patients. The normal plasmatic rates are of 1,4 +/- 0,6 microgram/l in patients who present no sign of digitalic overdosage. The rates are of 5,2 +/- 1,6 microgram/l in cases of intoxication. The difference between these rates is greatly significant (p less than 0.001). The limit between therapeutic and toxic rates is situated around 3 microgram/l with an overlapping from 2 to 3 microgram/l. Authors then examine the individual factors that intervene in digoxin metabolism and especially study the influence of age, myocardic factors and renal insufficiency. On the basis of these results and review of the literature, they emphasize the interest of serum digoxin determination in the diagnosis of digitalis toxicity, as well as in the management of high risk patients, and of cardiopathies difficult to stabilize. PMID- 7015955 TI - [Adherence of enteropathogenic "Escherichia coli" to mononuclear cells from human blood (author's transl)]. AB - Two toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli possessing a colonization factor antigen (CFA) respectively CFA/I and CFA/II, were studied for adherence to mononuclear cells from human blood of 12 subjects. Significant differences were observed between these two strains in their ability to adhere, using as control strains their laboratory-passed derivatives which no longer possess CFA. Differences were observed in bacterial adhesion ability of mononuclear cells from different subjects but, in the whole, CFA+ bacteria were able to adhere to few cells from each subject only. These results are in opposition to the hypothesis that it is conceivable that histocompatibility antigens expressed on cells play a role in the attachment of bacteria as the first step in an infection. PMID- 7015954 TI - [Pancreatic cancer revealed by hyperosmolar coma: report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperosmolar diabetic coma revealed the presence of a pancreatic cancer in two patients. The first case was a 59-year-old man, without a history of diabetes, treated with prednisone for jaundice and marked weight loss over the last month, and admitted in hyperosmolar coma (346 m0sm/l). After recovery from the acute episode, a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas was established following operation. The patient died six months later. The second case, a 71-year-old man also without a history of diabetes, was admitted in hyperosmolar coma (315 m0sm/l) during the course of a pulmonary infection. Rapidly fatal cholostatic jaundice appeared one year later. An adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas was demonstrated at autopsy. The diagnostic criteria in both cases were those of hyperosmolar diabetic coma. Though cases of combined diabetes and pancreatic cancer are well documented, only one case of hyperosmolar coma and cancer of the pancreas has been reported in the published literature. The pathogenesis of hyperosmolar diabetic coma is discussed. The fact that it developed during the course of a pancreatic affection could be explained by a functional reduction in insulin secretion, associated with a triggering factor such as dehydration, infection, hypoglycemic agent administration, etc... The onset of hyperosmolar diabetic coma in an elderly patient without a history of diabetes, especially with associated marked weight loss, should lead to investigation for a possible pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7015956 TI - [Detection of "Clostridium difficile" on minimal and selective medium and by immunofluorescence antibody staining (author's transl)]. AB - A minimal and selective medium containing 5 aminoacids, 3 vitamins, a low sugar concentration and 2 antibiotics (cefoxitin at 16 microgram/ml and streptomycin at 500 microgram/ml) is described for isolation of Clostridium difficile from the gut. Comparable results were obtained with this medium and using spore isolation by the sodium thioglycolate-lysozyme technique. An antiserum specific to C. difficile was prepared and used for detection by immunofluorescent antibody staining. This is a very sensitive technique which leads to a quick and early identification of this bacterial species. PMID- 7015957 TI - The control of calcium and phosphorus metabolism by the vitamin D endocrine system. AB - Vitamin D, which is normally produced in the skin under ultraviolet irradiation, is the building block for a new endocrine system that involves hydroxylation on the 25-position in the liver followed by 1 alpha-hydroxylation in the kidney to produce the vitamin D hormone, 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3. This vitamin D hormone functions in the intestine, bone, and kidney to stimulate transport of calcium and phosphorus into the extracellular fluid compartment upon demand. The production of the vitamin D hormone is tightly feedback regulated directly or indirectly by calcium and phosphorus levels of the plasma. The vitamin D endocrine system is an important one in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism but is not solely responsible for the calcium and phosphorus transfer reactions occurring during reproduction. The vitamin D hormone functions in the target organs by a nuclear-mediated receptor-based mechanism probably involving the biogenesis of calcium and phosphorus transfer proteins. New target sites of 1,25-(OH)2D3 action in several tissues are suggested by this nuclear localization in those cells. Study of the vitamin D endocrine system has provided a new understanding of metabolic bone diseases and has provided new forms of vitamin D for their treatment. Thus a basic investigation of the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism has rewarded medicine and science with new therapeutic approaches to disease problems. PMID- 7015958 TI - Interactions of thiamin, riboflavin, and other B-vitamins. AB - Interactions of the B-complex vitamins are essential in the performance of metabolic and catabolic reactions in the body. Even vitamin C and the fat-soluble vitamins may be involved in these interactions. Clinical and biochemical aberrations associated with various disease states can often be explained on the basis of these vitamin interrelationships. Health and nutritional well-being are dependent upon the maintenance and proper functioning of these vitamin-dependent metabolic pathways. PMID- 7015960 TI - Fluorescently-labeled calmodoulin localizes specific sites on mitochondria. PMID- 7015959 TI - Localization of calmodulin in mammalian spermatozoa by immunofluorescence methods. PMID- 7015961 TI - The binding of radio-iodinated calmodulin to proteins on denaturing gels. PMID- 7015962 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of calmodulin in regions of rodent brain. PMID- 7015963 TI - Possible functions of calmodulin in protozoa. PMID- 7015964 TI - Detection of human exposure to electrophilic compounds by assay of thioether detoxication products in urine. PMID- 7015965 TI - [Prostaglandin biosynthesis in psoriatic epidermis (author's transl)]. AB - The biosynthesis of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in 12 involved and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis and in 6 normal epidermis. PGE2 and PGF2 were determined by radio immuno-assay after addition of 25 microgram of AA and 1 hour incubation. The biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was higher in psoriatic epidermis than in control epidermis but lower in involved than in uninvolved epidermis. The ratio PGE2/PGF2 alpha is decreased in involved epidermis when compared with uninvolved epidermis and with controls. These quantitative and qualitative disturbances of the PG metabolism in psoriatic epidermis might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. They could be responsible for abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, lipid membrane abnormalities and abnormal immune response of psoriatic patients. PMID- 7015966 TI - [Pityriasis lichenoides (author's transl)]. AB - A review of the literature concerning the pityriasis lichenoides and the study of 34 personal cases show that three main clinical patterns are found in pityriasis lichenoides: maculo-papular, leukomelanodermal, necrotic. The course is very variable: rarely seven weeks, more often seven months and sometimes seven years. The disease is issued from an angiitis including a mostly lymphocytic infiltration. The epidermis is secondarily invaded by inflammatory cells and shows focal parakeratosis. There is no specific immunologic disorder: immunohistopathologic study is generally normal (rarely IgM or C3 deposits); no circulating immune complex is found. Some patients improved with dapsone or photochemotherapy. PMID- 7015967 TI - [Association of atopic eczema, IgA linear bullous dermatosis and crusted scabies]. PMID- 7015968 TI - [Pemphigoid manifesting as a cicatricial lesion]. PMID- 7015969 TI - [Herpes gestationis: antibasal cell antibodies in five out of sixteen cases (author's transl)]. AB - Using direct immunofluorescence and in vitro complement fixation we have found antibodies with affinity to the cytoplasm of basal cells (B cyt Ab) in five out of sixteen well documented cases of herpes gestationis (HG). In one case B cyt Ab were found in the serum from a pregnancy whereas "HG factor" was found in a serum from a previous pregnancy. B cyt Ab were also detected in cord blood. These findings may be relevant to the fact that as suggested by histological ultrastructural studies, the basal cell may be the initial target in HG. PMID- 7015970 TI - [Toxic epidermic necrolysis in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7015971 TI - [Correlation between immunologic reactivity and the clinical development in a case of bullous pemphigoid]. PMID- 7015972 TI - [Herpes gestationis. A histological and electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. AB - The histology and electron microscopy of two cases of herpes gestationis is described (HG). It appears that at the histological as well as at the ultrastructural level, the blister of HG results from degenerative changes in the basal cells and is initially located in the epidermis. It is associated with spongiosis. As a consequence of the disappearance of the basal cell layer, the blister is secondarily found between the malpighian layer and the subepidermal basement membrane. Immunologically, C3 could be found at that dermo-epidermal junction. Although the immunological findings can be similar to those of BP, it is believed that HG and BP must be considered as different entities, because of the very particular clinical features of HG and because the blister formation is different in both diseases. PMID- 7015973 TI - [Partial lipodystrophy]. PMID- 7015974 TI - [Bullous and hereditary Weary-Kindler's acrokeratotic poikiloderma (author's transl)]. AB - Two observations of hereditary and bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Weary and Kindler are studied. They are transmitted in dominance on two generations. The neonatal presentation of the first observation makes us discuss an epidermolysis bullosa; but the spontaneous regression, the appearance of a reticular pigmentation and the analysis of the paternal dyschromia allow the correction of the diagnosis. Forty-one observations are actually known. The blisters are present in 95 p. 100 of the cases, the dyschromia in 90 p. 100 and the keratosis on 60 p. 100. The trisymptomatic and bisymptomatic forms prevail. The mechanism of the disease is unrecognized but the vacuolization of the basal epidermic cells seems to be at the origin of the bullous eruption. PMID- 7015975 TI - [Poikiloderma congenitale with bullae, of the Weary type]. PMID- 7015976 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study of nifuroxazide in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015977 TI - [With Parrot, a century ago, at the Child Welfare Hospice]. PMID- 7015978 TI - Evaluation of clinical microvascular anastomoses--reasons for failure. AB - Thrombosis in clinical microvascular anastomoses is attributed to suture errors and utilization of severely damaged recipient arteries. Histopathological specimens from 24 microvascular anastomoses and 77 vessel biopsies from free tissue transfers and replantation cases were analyzed. Suture errors of any note were rare and occurred primarily in replantation cases in which team experience varied and fatigue was common. Recipient artery damage ranged from minimal to severe; clinical analysis confirmed the devastating effect of refractory spasm associated with intramural scarring from previous trauma. Additional studies by microvascular groups are needed to clarify the causes of thrombosis and the healing mechanism of microvascular anastomosis. PMID- 7015980 TI - [Long-term results (5-10 years) of radiotherapy of inoperable carcinomas of the prostate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015981 TI - [Histiocytic lymphoma of the bladder. One observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7015979 TI - As I remember: Dr. Jerome Webster. PMID- 7015982 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in the management of human breast cancer. AB - Recent insight into the mechanism of steroid hormone receptors in human breast cancer has led to new approaches in treatment strategy. Estrogen receptor (ER) has now replaced clinical criteria in the selection of patients for endocrine therapy. Patients whose tumors do not contain ER should not be subjected to hormonal manipulation. In addition, ER measured on the primary tumor has been found to be an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence and survival. Patients with ER negative primary tumors have a poorer prognosis. This information may be useful in the design and selection of therapy for future adjuvant clinical trials. In metastatic breast cancer, the absolute ER value may provide valuable information regarding endocrine responsiveness. In addition, the measurement of progesterone receptor (PgR) may provide additional insight for predicting with confidence those patients likely to respond. PMID- 7015983 TI - Steroid receptors in normal, hyperplastic and malignant human endometria. AB - Oestrogen and progestin receptors are present in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of normal human endometrium, partly associated with their endogenous ligand hormones. Receptor concentrations fluctuate in relation to the menstrual cycle. Hyperplastic endometrium tends to contain high concentrations of cytosol progestin receptor, whereas the levels of cytosol and nuclear progestin receptors in endometrial adenocarcinoma are lower than in non-neoplastic endometrium. The receptor levels seem to decline with decreasing differentiation of the tumour. Progestin treatment extending over several weeks decreases cellular oestrogen and progestin receptor content in both hyperplastic and malignant endometria. Information based on small patient series suggests that patients suffering from advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma and having significant concentrations of both receptors in the tumour tend to have a more indolent clinical course than patients with absent or low tumour receptors. Patients whose lesions are progestin receptor-rich more frequently respond to progestin administration than those with receptor-poor tumours. In contrast, patients with advanced or recurrent disease after progestin treatment and with low tumour oestrogen and progestin receptor concentrations respond more often to combination cytotoxic chemotherapy than patients with higher tumour receptor levels. More data are needed about the clinical correlates of receptor determinations in human endometrial carcinoma to confirm these encouraging preliminary results, before the clinical significance of the determinations can be settled. since there are marked differences in the receptor concentrations reported by various investigators, possibly for methodological reasons, comparison of receptor data and treatment results from different groups is sometimes very difficult. PMID- 7015984 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and their role in human disease. PMID- 7015985 TI - Androgen receptor deficiency: testicular feminization, its variants, and differential diagnosis. PMID- 7015987 TI - Role of insulin receptors in insulin resistance. PMID- 7015986 TI - Hormonal resistance in disorders of calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7015988 TI - Prazosin enhances the antihypertensive effects of beta-blockers during isometric and dynamic exercise. AB - Eighteen hypertensive (WHO I-II) outpatients volunteering for an open comparative cross-over trial were treated with the non-selective beta-blocker sotalol (80 mg b.i.d.) the beta-selective atenolol (50 mg b.i.d.) alone and each in combination with prazosin (3-5 mg b.i.d.) for 4 to 8 weeks each in balanced order. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured sitting and standing as well as during relatively heavy dynamic (ergometer) and isometric (sustained handgrip) exercises. The four-week treatment with sotalol lowered the HR without much influence on the BP. Atenolol similarly lowered the HR but was somewhat more active on the BP. Both beta-blockers failed to modify the pressor responses to exercise significantly. The addition of prazosin to beta-blockers improved their efficacy. Lowered BP values were recorded during dynamic and even isometric work, partly due to lowered baseline BP levels. The side effects were generally mild, and no excessive hypotension was encountered. The results suggest that the antihypertensive combination of the vasodilator, prazosin, with moderate doses of beta-blockers may be valuable in helping patients to maintain lower blood pressures during daily physical stress. PMID- 7015989 TI - Ulcer healing and serum pepsinogen I in cimetidine and glycopyrrolate treated duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Cimetidine is effective in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcers. 26 endoscopically verified duodenal ulcer patients were treated for four weeks with either cimetidine 0.8 g/day or with the anticholinergic drug glycopyrrolate 4 mg/day on a double-blind basis. Gastroscopical healing was achieved in 10/13 (77%) of cimetidine treated patients and in 4/13 (31%) of glycopyrrolate treated patients (p less than 0.05). There were no major side-effects in either group. In this study cimetidine seemed to be more effective than glycopyrrolate in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. The pretreatment level of serum pepsinogen I was elevated (110.1 +/- 42.8 microgram/l; mean +/- SD) in these patients (normal range 20--100 microgram/l) and increased significantly after pentagastrin stimulation to 133.2 +/- 56.4 microgram/l (p less than 0.001). The post-treatment level measured 24 hours after termination of treatment had increased significantly in the cimetidine group but not in the glycopyrrolate group. In the cimetidine group the high pretreatment level of pepsinogen I tended to predict a poor response. PMID- 7015990 TI - [Enzyme-immuno assay for total estrogens and human placental lactogen. Comparison with radio-immuno-assay in normal pregnancy-monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - The concentrations of estrogens (E) and human placental lactogen (HLP) are estimated in sera by radio immuno-assay (RIA) and enzyme-immuno-assay (EIA). Statistical data indicate mean intra-assay variation coefficients of 7% and 12% for E and HLP tests, respectively. The correlation coefficient (RIA/EIA) are found higher than 0,9% for both hormonal assays. The dilution curves obtained by RIA and EIA are similar. However, Student'test gives a significant difference for E determination. In fact, total E and E 3 only are measured by EIA and RIA, respectively. In most cases biological interferences are negligible except for HLP in presence of higher protein or haemoglobin levels. RIA and EIA are performed to study serum HLP and E levels throughout normal pregnancies. Results allow to use EIA for HLP and E evaluations in pregnancy-monitoring. PMID- 7015991 TI - [Simultaneous determination of blood insulin and plasma C-peptide levels. Value during assessment of glucose tolerance, especially in obese subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Insulin secretion is assessed by simultaneous radioimmunological assay of insulin (R.I.I.) and C-peptide (R.I.C.P.) levels under basal conditions, and after stimulation by oral or intravenous glucose administration. Subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance demonstrate an increase in the ratios R.I.C.P. divided by glucose and R.I.C.P. divided by R.I.I. after fasting, increase in R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. occurring later and lasting longer after glucose loading. These anomalies are observed in both obese subjects and those with normal body weights. Simultaneous determination of R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. levels appears of value in a limited number of cases where glucose loading tests do not supply precise information on the quality of glucose tolerance. Obese subjects, in whom abnormal hyperglycemia levels provoked by oral glucose are observed, but in whom the peripheral glucose assimilation coefficient is normal, can be considered to be non-diabetic as shown by the levels of R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. and more particularly by the molar ratio R.I.C.P. divided by R.I.I. PMID- 7015992 TI - Intracranial infection in cardiac transplant recipients. AB - Infections have produced most of the deaths in the Stanford cardiac transplant program. Of the first 182 transplant recipients, 27 developed nonviral intracranial infections: meningoencephalitis/abscess in 16 patients, meningitis in 9, and rhinocerebral phycomycoses in 2. The responsible organisms included aspergillus, toxoplasma, candida, klebsiella, cryptococcus, coccidioides, listeria, mucor, and rhizopus. Characteristically, the areas of meningoencephalitis and abscesses were multiple and deep seated. Intracranial infections were invariably associated with pulmonary or disseminated infection with same organism. Computed tomographic (CT) brain scans in patients with meningoencephalitis often showed minimal, nonspecific, low-density lesions which usually did not exhibit contrast enhancement. At surgery the lesions were found to differ from typical pyogenic abscesses in that capsules were not well developed, and the aspirate consisted of necrotic fragments of edematous white matter and inflammatory cells rather than liquefied pus. Aspergillus infections of the central nervous system usually developed within the first three months after transplantation. Cases of meningitis occurred at variable times after transplantation, but approximately half appeared within 30 days after immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of rejection was increased. The prognosis for brain abscess depended on the causative organism. All patients with aspergillus infection died despite treatment with amphotericin B. The toxoplasma abscess responded to a combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. Meningitis was successfully suppressed or cured with appropriate treatment except for 1 patient with disseminated cryptococcosis. PMID- 7015993 TI - Periodic synchronous discharge and myoclonus in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: diagnostic application of jerk-locked averaging method. AB - The technique of jerk-locked averaging was applied to two patients with pathologically proved Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patient 1, whose brain contained numerous kuru plaques and severe cerebral white matter degeneration, did not show any periodic synchronous discharges in spite of frequently repeated EEG recordings. The technique of jerk-locked averaging, however, disclosed a negative sharp wave over the contralateral central area in close temporal association with myoclonus of an upper extremity. Patient 2 had classic periodic synchronous discharges on the EEG, and jerk-locked averaging delineated a fixed relationship in time and space between the periodic discharge and the myoclonus. PMID- 7015994 TI - Organization of microtubules and microfilaments in fibroblasts in Duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle cultures. PMID- 7015995 TI - Cochlear physiology. PMID- 7015996 TI - Visual neural development. PMID- 7015997 TI - The central basis of motivation: intracranial self-stimulation studies. PMID- 7015998 TI - Early visual perception. PMID- 7015999 TI - Child psychopathology. PMID- 7016000 TI - Clinical psychology: individual methods. PMID- 7016001 TI - Two pharmacological traditions: notes from experience. PMID- 7016002 TI - Radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7016003 TI - Host and environmental factors enhancing carcinogenesis in the respiratory tract. PMID- 7016005 TI - Recent approaches to the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. PMID- 7016004 TI - Target cells, biological effects, and mechanism of action of nerve growth factor and its antibodies. PMID- 7016006 TI - Genetic investigation of adenylate cyclase: mutations in mouse and man. PMID- 7016007 TI - Ethacrynic acid and related diuretics: relationship of structure to beneficial and detrimental actions. PMID- 7016008 TI - Structure-activity relationships and drug disposition. AB - Drug disposition is of prime concern to pharmacologists, toxicologists, and clinicians. In many cases the variation in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a series of congeners is governed by the molecular structure and the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule. When reproducible results of sufficient spread are available, these data can be analyzed in quantitative terms. In order to achieve a high degree of selective toxicity in designing better and safer therapeutic agents, the multifacet effects of molecular modification on drug disposition must be thoroughly investigated. It is hoped that more systematic effort will be directed toward the correlation of various pharmacokinetic parameters and therapeutic and toxicological effects of drugs with their physicochemical properties and molecular structures. PMID- 7016009 TI - The pharmacology of memory: a neurobiological perspective. PMID- 7016010 TI - Systematic carcinogen testing through the decision point approach. PMID- 7016011 TI - Screening for teratogenic hazards: nature of the problems. AB - State of the art teratology is sufficient to develop a screening system of teratogenic hazard potential if one remembers the basic developmental biology underlying teratogenesis. Understanding of teratogenic mechanisms may provide better systems but such knowledge is not yet available. The system described is an interim step and may not prove valid. Hopefully Karnofsky's law will remain in our attention thereby permitting our realization that the question, "Is table salt teratogenic?" is naive and largely irrelevant. The answer is "Yes" from the viewpoint of total well-being of the conceptus. What the question is really asking is: "What is the developmental hazard potential of table salt?" This question can be answered quantitatively and it is, "No, it is not a developmental hazard because it is a coeffective teratogen with a developmental hazard index of less than 0.1." If we could all understand these basics, we could realistically proceed to safeguard your grandchildren and mine. PMID- 7016012 TI - Genetic mechanisms controlling the induction of polysubstrate monooxygenase (P 450) activities. PMID- 7016013 TI - Pharmacology of migraine. PMID- 7016014 TI - Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes. PMID- 7016015 TI - Organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity. AB - In certain animals, including humans, exposure to some organophosphorus esters causes delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). The clinical condition becomes manifest after a delay period, first as ataxia, followed by paralysis. Lesions are characterized by degeneration of axons with subsequent secondary degeneration of myelin in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Recovery is only likely in mild cases, whereas more severe cases show symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limbs. The risk of use of these chemicals is related not only to human sensitivity to this syndrome, but also to the fact that in most disasters involving OPIDN, humans were the prime victims. Therefore, the neurotoxic action of a chemical is of great significance, since pesticides with this property are not recommended for use. Although OPIDN has been recognized for over a half a century, its mechanism of action is still unknown. It is believed, however, that the initial target in OPIDN is the phosphorylation of a neurotoxicity target protein in the nervous system. Study of the relationship between the chemical structure of organophosphorus esters and their neurotoxic potencies suggests that two hydrophobic areas may be present in the vicinity of the active site of the neurotoxicity protein. This article attempts to present an up-to-date overview of OPIDN. Despite the difficulties attributed to experimental variations of the reported studies, I feel that several significant points have come forth from the data. PMID- 7016016 TI - Stereology: applications to pharmacology. PMID- 7016017 TI - The actions of metabolic fate of disulfiram. PMID- 7016018 TI - [Effect of the conjugative plasmids of S. typhimurium antibiotic resistance on the growth indices of E. coli]. AB - The antibiotic resistance conjugative plasmids of Salm. typhimurium prolonged the lag-phase of coli bacteria. It was shown that the plasmids had a significant effect on the generation period either prolonging or shortening it. No correlation between the number of the antibiotic resistance determinants and resistance to separate antibiotics and the growth indices was found. The chromosome mutations of resistance to rifampicin and nalidixic acid in the strain of E. coli studied had no effect on duration of the lag-phase but resulted in shortening of the generation period. PMID- 7016019 TI - [Experience in using a combination of olivomycin with cyclophosphane in treating malignant testicular tumors of heterogeneous structure]. AB - Clinical trials of the combination of olivomycin with cyclophosphamide were performed on 41 patients with testicle tumours of heterogenous structure. Objective effects were observed in 70.7 per cent of the cases, an effect higher than 50 per cent was recorded in 46.3 per cent of the patients and complete regression of the tumours was achieved in 17.1 per cent of the cases. The combination of olivomycin with cyclophosphamide was well tolerated by the patients. The most frequent side effects of the combination were leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting. PMID- 7016022 TI - [Salmonellal sensitivity to antibiotics in 1975-1979 and its characteristics in S. typhimurium]. AB - Sensitivity of 314 Salmonella strains of 16 serotypes of the main groups ABCDE isolated from patients with salmonellosis in 1975-1979 was studied with the method of standard paper disks with respect to levomycetin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin and in a part of the cultures to kanamycin, ristomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and polymyxin. 78 per cent of the strains fell within S. typhimurium. It was found that S. typhimurium had higher resistance levels to the above antibiotics and the so called "hospital" strains of the pathogens were mainly resistant simultaneously to 4-12 antibiotics. The Salmonella strains of the other serotypes isolated mainly in 1975-1977 preserved sufficient sensitivity to the antibiotics used for the most prolonged periods and most widely in therapy. PMID- 7016021 TI - [Hydrolase activity characteristics of actinomycetes during antibiotic biosynthesis]. AB - The activity of the main extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, such as protease, nuclease and amylase was studied in the process of the development of the actinomycetes producing streptomycin, novobiocin, levorin and oleandomycin. It was found that the enzymatic activity significantly changed during the development of the cultures depending on their individual properties. Comparative study of the enzymatic activity of the streptomycin-producing organisms differing in the antibiotic production levels and the use of special nutrient media providing the increased biosynthesis of DNAases allowed a definite relationship to be disclosed between the activity level of extracellular hydrolases and antibiotic production. PMID- 7016020 TI - [Regulation of alkaline exoprotease and cephalosporin C synthesis in Acremonium chrysogenum by different carbon and nitrogen sources]. AB - The synthesis of exoproteases and cephalosporin C in Acremonium chrysogenum is repressed by easily assimilated forms of nitrogen and carbon according to the type of nitrogen metabolism repression and catabolism inhibition. Glucose and ammonium salts inhibited the mycelium fragmentation and prevented formation of conidia. Amino acids had a diverse effect on the synthesis of the proteases and antibiotic. Methionine played the role of an inductor of the synthesis of alkaline exoproteases, cephalosporin C and the mycelium fragmentation into arthrospores. PMID- 7016023 TI - [Conjugated plasmids of antibiotic resistance in conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in infants with salmonellosis]. AB - Sensitivity to 10 antibiotics of 1074 strains of opportunistic enterobacteria isolated from 117 children at the age of 2 years was studied (57 healthy children and 60 children with salmonellosis). The structure of the conjugative drug resistance of the opportunistic enterobacteria, the frequency of their isolation and the spectrum correlating with multiple resistance of the strains to 4-10 antibiotics were shown. The frequency of the conjugative determinants of the antibiotics resistance in the opportunistic bacteria isolated from the patients with salmonellosis was higher. The structure of the conjugative drug resistance of the opportunistic enterobacteria in the dynamics of the salmonellosis process was close to the transmissive R-plasmid resistance of S. typhimurium. PMID- 7016024 TI - [Effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation]. AB - Determination of bacteriuria, leucocyturia, active leucocytes and Sternheimer Malbin's cells in patients with transplanted kidneys during the postoperative period provided identification of pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidney. E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus, P. aeruginosa and microbial associations were the main causative agents of pyelonephritis in such patients. The majority of the causative agents were polyresistant to antibiotics. Investigation of the microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and determination of their levels in the patients promote development of rational schemes for the treatment of pyelonephritis. Early identification of pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney and its timely treatment with antibiotics allow avoiding destruction of the transplanted organ and promote its normal functioning. PMID- 7016025 TI - Binding of cycloheximide to ribosomes from wild-type and mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Cycloheximide bound to cytoplasmic (80S) ribosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an association constant (Ka) of 2.0 (+/- 0.5) x 10(7) M-1. The number of binding sites found per ribosome was between 0.4 and 0.6; it was reduced by high-salt treatment of ribosomes 60S particles prepared in the presence of high salt had a lower affinity (Ka: 5.5 [+/- 0.5] x 10(6) M-1) than did 80S ribosomes, but a greater proportion of particles (0.8) were able to bind. No specific binding to 40S subunits was observed. The addition of supernatant fractions (S100, high-salt wash fraction) increased the number of binding sites found per 80S ribosome up to 0.8, leaving the association constant unchanged. In contrast, the affinity of 60S subunits was enhanced to a Ka value of 3.5 x 10(-7) M-1 by the addition of supernatant fractions, whereas the number of binding sites stayed constant. A model to explain these facts is proposed. 80S ribosomes, as well as 60S subunits of strain cy32, which is highly resistant to cycloheximide and altered in ribosomal protein L29 (18), showed a drastically reduced affinity for the drug (Ka values of 2.0 x 10(6) M-1). PMID- 7016026 TI - Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis in ether-permeabilized Escherichia coli cells by structural analogs of D-alanyl-D-alanine. AB - Several analogs of D-alanyl-D-alanine have been proved to be competitive inhibitors of murein (cross-linked peptidoglycan) synthesis in either permeabilized cells of Escherichia coli. Some analogs, distinguished from D alanyl-D-alanine only by minor structural deviations, were incorporated into a murein-like sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble material in place of the natural substrate. These analogs therefore could be designated as competitive substrates of the cross-linked end product of murein synthesis. In contrast, others, even those containing bulky residues at the methyl group of the amino-terminal D alanine, exhibited inhibition of murein synthesis. The last-mentioned group of analogs also inhibited a blank value which seems to be a characteristic feature of this system without added D-alanyl-D-alanine. From this data, a steady-state concentration of D-alanyl-D-alanine or D-alanine or both in growing cells of E. coli could be calculated as approximately 0.4 x 10(-3) M. PMID- 7016027 TI - Phosphonopeptide antibacterial agents related to alafosfalin: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships. AB - Dipeptide variants of alafosfalin (L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid) with substantial differences in potency and antibacterial spectrum in vitro and in vivo have been synthesized. Certain dipeptides with alternatives to the L-alanyl residue had broader antibacterial spectra; activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was included. Some compounds had better in vivo activity than alafosfalin when introduced into infected rodents orally, but for the majority of the more active phosphonodipeptides, parenteral administration was more effective. Certain oligopeptides derived from the more active phosphonodipeptides possessed good in vitro activity against an extended range of organisms; they included Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The in vivo activity of some of these phosphono-oligopeptides was significantly greater than that of the parent dipeptide and correlated well with the in vitro results. This indicates that phosphono-oligopeptides exert part of their in vivo action directly, in addition to that arising from smaller peptides produced by peptidase cleavage. PMID- 7016029 TI - Rapid test for indole formation with non-proliferating bacteria. PMID- 7016028 TI - R-factor responsible for an outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Seven serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different patients demonstrated resistance to the same eight antibiotics. A plasmid carrying resistance determinants to these antibiotics and mercury salts could be transferred in toto to a plasmidless strain of Escherichia coli. All E. coli transconjugants showed the same antibiotic resistance pattern. Digestion with restriction endonucleases yielded patterns that were identical for each of the R factor transferred from the multiply resistant serotypes. Moreover, deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization demonstrated identity between the probe, pMAC20 (an R-factor from one serotype), and all R-factors isolated from the multiply resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and the E. coli transconjugants tested. PMID- 7016030 TI - The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426 on mixtures of glucose and ethanol: a model. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426 was grown in continuous culture in a defined medium with a mixture of glucose and ethanol as carbon source. Growth on ethanol as the sole carbon source was only possible after the addition of a small amount of glutamic acid. The flows of glucose, ethanol, oxygen, carbon dioxide and biomass to and from the system were measured and a model for the growth of the yeast on the carbon sources constructed. The model is shown to allow independent estimation of YATP and P/O. YATP is not independent of the substrate used, but the amount of ATP used in the production of biomass from the monomers is approximately the same for growth on ethanol and on glucose. PMID- 7016031 TI - Selective isolation and characteristics of Bacteriodes succinogenes from the rumen of a cow. AB - Eleven isolates of Bacteriodes succinogenes were obtained from the rumen of a cow by an enrichment method with dewaxed cotton fibers as the selective substrate. All of the isolates degraded cotton fibers, but none formed clear zones in cellulose agar, having only a limited ability to degrade the type of cellulose powder used. One isolate, BL2, was studied in greater detail and was found to accumulate a glycogen-like polysaccharide when excess (0.5 to 1.0%) soluble carbohydrate was supplied in the nutrient medium. Although the pattern of growth and polysaccharide accumulation by strain BL2 changed during maintenance of the organism in the laboratory, the maximum amount of carbohydrate found in the cells was constant, at around 74% of the cell dry weight. The findings are discussed in relation to the methods of assessing the role of B. succinogenes in the rumen fermentation. PMID- 7016033 TI - Loss of plasmids during enrichment for Escherichia coli. AB - Enrichment with sodium lauryl sulfate and incubation at 44.5 degrees C resulted in a loss of plasmids and decreased efficiency in the recovery of pathogenic. Escherichia coli strains from foods. PMID- 7016032 TI - Enterotoxigenic bacteria in food and water from an Ethiopian community. AB - Food and water samples from an Ethiopian community were screened for the presence of enterotoxin-producing bacteria. Using the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay, 40 of 213 isolates (18.8%) produced heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin. These LT-producing isolates comprised 33 of 177 (18.6%) strains from 24 of 68 food samples (35.3%) and 7 of 36 (19.4%) isolates of 4 of 17 water samples (23.5%). One LT-producing strain each of Salmonella emek and of Shigella dysenteriae was found. Three pseudomonads, all LT producers, produced heat-stable enterotoxin as gauged by the suckling mouse test. Two strains of LT-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O68 were found in water samples. No enterotoxigenic E. coli were isolated from food samples, but 13 of the LT-producing strains were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Proteus species, and 7 food samples yielded more than one species of enterotoxigenic bacterium. Of the enterotoxigenic isolates from food, 15 were oxidase-positive strains of the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio. LT-enterotoxigenic Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, and Serratia species represented 20 of the food and water isolates. Culture supernatant fluids of representative strains of oxidase-positive and oxidase-negative species giving positive reactions in Chinese hamster ovary cell tests induced fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops. Eight of the food samples and two of the water samples contained more than one isolate or species of enterotoxigenic bacterium. The stability of the LT production by oxidase-positive bacteria and non-E. coli strains was assessed by the rabbit skin and adrenal cell tests after 9 months and 1 year of storage, respectively, in Trypticase soy broth with glycerol at -70 degrees C. Only 33% of the oxidase-positive strains were still LT enterotoxigenic. Of the oxidase negative strains, 50 and 33% were LT producing at 9 months and 1 year, respectively. None of the E. coli isolates, both enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic, possessed K88, K99, or colonization factor antigen. The survey demonstrates the presence in food and water of enterotoxigenic bacteria of the same species as those isolated from cases of infantile diarrhea in the same community, although a correlation between these sources and infantile diarrhea remains to be established. PMID- 7016035 TI - The inducible arginine decarboxylase of Escherichia coli B: activity of the dimer and the decamer. PMID- 7016034 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis with increased susceptibility to digestive enzymes. AB - Mutants of Candida utilis and a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated, after ultraviolet light mutagenesis, which had increased sensitivities to snail gut enzymes (ses). Three of the five S. cerevisiae mutants tested had increased sensitivities to porcine pepsin, all were more susceptible to a sequential treatment with pepsin, lipase, peptidase, and trypsin, four were sensitive to osmotic shock, and two had increased glucan/mannan ratios in their cell walls. All combinations of mutants showed positive complementation in heterozygous diploids, although complementation between one pair, which had the same phenotype, was incomplete, indicating that four to five different cistrons were involved. All mutations were found to be recessive. Haploid strains bearing pairs of ses mutations were not markedly more sensitive to mammalian digestive enzymes than strains with single mutations. Rat-feeding experiments with three mutants and the parental strains indicated that the protein was efficiently utilized in all cases. Net protein ratios for the two mutants of S. cerevisiae tested were slightly higher than that for their parent, but the differences were of marginal significance. PMID- 7016036 TI - The interaction of nucleotides and yeast hexokinase. PMID- 7016037 TI - Analysis of microtubule polymerization inhibitors in sea urchin egg extracts: evidence for a protease. PMID- 7016039 TI - [The lysosome: attempt at a historical and evolutionary outline]. PMID- 7016038 TI - [Archives de Biologie, the founders and editors of the review]. PMID- 7016040 TI - [Gastrulation of vertebrates reviewed and corrected after 50 years]. PMID- 7016041 TI - [Works on the endocrine glands appearing in the Archives de Biologie between 1880 and 1931]. PMID- 7016042 TI - [The work of Leon Fredericq and his school (1853-1934) in the Archives de Biologie (1880-1904)]. PMID- 7016043 TI - [The organogenesis of vertebrates from 1880 to 1903]. PMID- 7016044 TI - [The first 20 years of the Archives de Biologie]. PMID- 7016045 TI - [Elaboration of the concepts of gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development at the end of the 19th century]. PMID- 7016046 TI - [Alveolar microlithiasis: electron microscopy and immunofluorescence study of a pulmonary biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016047 TI - [Value of inverse overcasting in parietal suture after autopsy]. PMID- 7016048 TI - [Detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein in central nervous tumors using an immunoperoxidase technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016049 TI - The digenetic trematodes, Fasciolopsis buski, Gastrodiscoides hominis and Artyfechinostomum malayanum, as zoonotic infections in South Asian countries. PMID- 7016050 TI - A review on the use of Microtus montanus as an applicable experimental model for the study of African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7016051 TI - [Two accidental human infections by Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii. A clinical and serological study]. PMID- 7016052 TI - Presidential address: surgeons of early North Carolina. PMID- 7016053 TI - Intraoperative determination of small intestinal viability following ischemic injury: a prospective, controlled trial of two adjuvant methods (Doppler and fluorescein) compared with standard clinical judgment. AB - Two adjuvant techniques for the intraoperative assessment of small intestinal viability were compared with standard clinical judgment in a prospective, controlled study of 71 ischemic bowel segments in 28 consecutive patients operated on for acute intestinal ischemic disease. Each segment was independently assessed 15 minutes after surgical correction of the underlying lesion by: 1) standard clinical judgment; 2) Doppler-detected pulsatile mural blood flow; and 3) fluorescein ultraviolet fluorescence pattern. Viability endpoint for each segment was determined objectively by patient follow-up or "blinded" microscopic evaluation of histologically unequivocal resection specimens using criteria established by previous animal studies. Seventeen histologically equivocal specimens were excluded from the final results. Standard clinical judgment proved moderately accurate overall (89%) but would have led to a relatively high rate (46%) of unnecessary bowel resection. The Doppler technique did not increase accuracy in any category of evaluation. The fluorescein fluorescent pattern was correct in all 54 determinant bowel segments, and proved more sensitive specific, predictive, and significantly more accurate overall than either standard clinical judgment or the Doppler method. This controlled study suggests that the fluorescein technique is the method of choice for the prediction of small intestinal recovery following ischemic injury. PMID- 7016054 TI - The Madagascar strain of Plasmodium vivax. PMID- 7016055 TI - [Bacteria, viruses, parasites, pathology and experimental pathology of Malagasy lemurs. Analytical bibliography]. PMID- 7016056 TI - [The role of rats as a reservoir of enterobacteria pathogenic for man in Madagascar]. PMID- 7016058 TI - [Bovine ticks and bacteria pathogenic for man in Madagascar]. PMID- 7016057 TI - [Immunostimulant properties of an extract isolated and partially purified from Aloe vahombe]. AB - When the mice are given a hypodermic infection of unrefined Vahombe extract, the Aloe called Vahombe is a liliaceous plant growing in the South of Madagascar, they are protected against the infection caused by the Klebsiella, a pneumonia vector to man, giving rise to an experimental septicaemia in the mouse. Neither bactericide nor bacteriostatic activity has been detected yet about Aloe extract. The anti-infectious activity is proportional to the dose of extract injected, the protecting power is the greatest when the mice have been treated with Aloe, two or three days previously to the infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. We have determined the LD50 (Lethal dose 50) for the check batches (non-treated mice) and for the batches of protected mice. We were able to show that the previous injection developed the resistance to infection, multiplied from thirtyfold to a hundrefold. We have tackled the purification of the substance--made soluble after lyophilisation of the crude extract--by means of filtration with Sephadex G50. It would be the first time, for all we know, that a substance endowed with organism. At present we are proceeding with the purification of the active principle and contemplating trying the protective power upon virus infections as well as upon cancerous or parasitic ones. PMID- 7016059 TI - Hyperkalemia associated with indomethacin. AB - Substantial hyperkalemia with ECG abnormalities developed in a patient. None of the common causes of hyperkalemia was found, eg, acidosis, hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, hypoadrenalism, leukocytosis, or thrombocytosis. The patient had been receiving indomethacin, a drug known to inhibit renin production, aldosterone excretion, and prostaglandin synthetase. The patient was rechallanged with indomethacin, and measurements of serum potassium and renin, urinary potassium, aldosterone, and creatinine levels were done. The study period clearly showed a hyporeninemic-hypoaldosterone states with diminished renal potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia associated with the indomethacin therapy. The development of hyperkalemia caused by indomethacin is probably unusual; however, we believe it is important to report this potentially serious pathophysiologic occurrence associated with a commonly used medication. PMID- 7016061 TI - Blindness induced by double-blindedness. PMID- 7016060 TI - Hypophosphatemia in a patient with lymphoma in leukemic phase. AB - A patient with histiocytic lymphoma had abdominal masses, hypophosphatemia, normocalcemia, and a normal serum parathyroid hormone value. After chemotherapy, transient hyperphosphatemia ensued, the abdominal masses resolved, and other manifestations of the disease were suppressed. One week after discontinuation of the chemotherapy, the abdominal masses and other signs indicative of reactivation of the malignant disease reappeared. During the relapse, the serum phosphorus level fell to 0.7 mg/dL, and urinary excretion of phosphorus became negligible. After resumption of chemotherapy, serum concentration and urinary excretion of phosphorus increased. These observation suggest that severe hypophosphatemia may be a complication of hematologic neoplasia. It is proposed that this abnormally may be caused by a shift of excessive amounts of extracellular phosphorus into the rapidly replicating malignant cells. PMID- 7016062 TI - Striated muscle capillaries in uremic patients and in renal transplant recipients. AB - With the use of light and electron microscopic and morphometric methods, we studied the gastrocnemius muscle capillaries in nine uremic patients and eight renal transplant recipients. Observations of intramuscular microangiopathy, eg, thickening and remnants of the capillary basement membrane (BM) and vacuolation of endothelial cells, were prominent in both patient groups. In morphometric analysis, the mean BM fraction of the total capillary area was larger, and the capillary lumen was smaller, in the uremic patients and in the renal transplant recipients than in the normal control subjects. The capillary-to-fiber ratio was higher in the patients with transplants than in the uremic patients or in the normal control subjects. PMID- 7016063 TI - Permanent remission of ketotic diabetes with subsequent normal C-peptide secretion. PMID- 7016064 TI - Behavioral medicine in hemophilia arthritic pain management: two case studies. AB - Hemophilia represents a congenital hereditary disorder of blood coagulation characterized by recurrent unpredictable bleeding episodes affecting any body part, especially the joints and extremities. Repeated hemarthrosis eventually results in degenerative arthritis accompanied by severe chronic pain. As contrast to acute bleeding pain, which serves as a functional signal, chronic arthritic pain is a debilitating condition often resulting in analgesic abuse and/or addiction. Two adult hemophiliacs with severe chronic arthritis received training in progressive muscle relaxation exercise, meditative breathing, and imagery associated with past experiences of pain reduction. Imagery training resulted in clinically significant reductions in arthritic pain perception for both patients, maintained over an 8-month follow-up period. Concomitant Measures also demonstrated significant therapeutic gains. Thermal biofeedback assessment of the arthritic joint provided a biophysiological measure of learned temperature control through the imagery techniques. The findings are discussed in relationship to medical observations on the therapeutic value of warming and heat application in the management of arthritic joints, as well as other potential mechanisms which might have contributed in the reduction of arthritic pain perception. Finally, the importance of differentiating between acute bleeding pain management and chronic arthritic pain is emphasized, as well as the necessity of the application of the techniques within an interdisciplinary team setting. PMID- 7016065 TI - Quality of life in benefit-cost analyses of rehabilitation research. AB - Traditionally, benefit-cost (B-C) models have been limited to the consideration of monetary benefits. This approach has been motivated by the fact that nonmonetary benefits are difficult to define and to quantify. Derived from the general theory of B-C analysis, a model is described which includes 3 categories of benefits, identified by a Delphi-like procedure administered to a broad representation of persons involved in the rehabilitation process. Whereas monetary benefits have the dollar readily available as a unit of measurement, scales for nonmonetary benefits must be developed. Methods for estimating the value and the relative importance of the various benefits are analyzed and a procedure for combining monetary and nonmonetary benefits is proposed. PMID- 7016066 TI - Brittle diabetes and stroke: a complicated rehabilitation problem. PMID- 7016068 TI - Altered interstitial fluid space dynamics and postresuscitation hypertension. AB - Hypertensin occurred 24 to 48 hours after resuscitation in 35 of 86 injured patients, who had combined systolic and diastolic hypertensin (150/100 mmHg) for six or more consecutive hours. Plasma volume (PV), RBC volume, extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by the inulin dilution technique, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and peripheral renin levels were measured in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients an average of 40 hours after injury. The hypertensive patients had an average mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 114 mmHg, compared with 95 mmHg in the nonhypertensive patients. The RBC volume and ECF were comparable for both groups, whereas PV was increased in the hypertensive patients (3.6 L vs 3.3 L). Calculated interstitial fluid space (IFS) volume was greater in the nonhypertensive patients, as was the ratio PV/IFS. The MAP in both groups correlated directly with PV/IFS and serum albumin concentrations, and inversely with peripheral renin concentrations. This suggests that postresuscitative hypertension is not due to fluid overload but rather to the fluid maldistribution related to altered IFS compliance as reflected by the increased PV/IFS. PMID- 7016067 TI - Cimetidine vs antacid in prophylaxis for stress ulceration. AB - Seven-seven critically ill patients were prospectively randomized into four groups to compare antacids and various doses of cimetidine in the neutralization of gastric acid for preventing complications of stress ulcers. Gastric pH was monitored hourly, basing the efficacy of neutralization on preselected pH values for each study group. Cimetidine provided adequate neutralization in 14 (23%) of 61 patients. Gastric acid in all 16 patients treated with antacids was adequately neutralized. Stress bleeding occurred in three (5%) patients treated with cimetidine and in no patient treated with antacids. Reversible thrombocytopenia developed in six (26%) of 23 patients treated with 2,400 mg/day of cimetidine. Hourly monitoring of gastric pH is a mandatory component in the prevention of stress bleeding. Antacid is the preferred agent for gastric acid neutralization because it is more effective, safer, and less expensive. PMID- 7016069 TI - Staging of breast cancer: a new rationale for internal mammary node biopsy. AB - Metastases to the axillary nodes, the internal mammary nodes, or both, define a group of patients at very high risk of having systemic micrometastases leading to recurrent disease and death if surgical therapy alone is used. In our review of 7,070 patients with breast cancer in whom both axillary nodes and internal mammary nodes were examined histologically, 5% to 10% had internal mammary node metastases in the absence of axillary node metastases. With the availability of effective systemic therapy that can improve the survival of patients with operable breast cancer who have lymph node metastases, information obtained from internal mammary node biopsies assumes practical significance. Our current policy is to perform internal mammary node biopsies on patients with operable breast cancer who have medial and central primary tumors of any size and lateral primary tumors 2 cm or greater in diameter if a frozen section of the most suspicious node in the axillary dissection shows no histologic evidence of metastasis. PMID- 7016070 TI - Simulated surgical wound infection in mice: effect of stimulation on nonspecific host defense mechanisms. AB - Experiments were conducted to ascertain whether nonspecific host defenses could be enhanced in a reliable animal model simulating the local bacterial infection that frequently complicates surgical wounds. The test lesion was studied in detail and exemplifies the concept that the ultimate expression of the host pathogen interaction is the capacity of that pathogen to persist or grow in a given host. Mice were challenged by intramuscular insertion of cotton suture impregnated with 10(7) to 10(8) Escherichia coli K-12. The mice were subsequently killed at intervals, and the suture and muscle mass were retrieved, homogenized, and quantitatively cultured. Numbers of viable organisms in tissue from control animals were compared with those from experimental animals that received BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine, a nonspecific immunostimulant, prior to bacterial challenge. Improved tissue antibacterial activity appeared in animals that had received BCG vaccine 13 days prior to bacterial challenge. Differing doses and intervals were not protective. Enhancement of nonspecific host defense mechanisms may be helpful in combination with current measures for improved control of surgical wound infection. PMID- 7016071 TI - Autotransplantation and ex vivo surgery for renovascular disease. AB - Renal transplantation and preservation techniques permit the use of vascular and microvascular surgical procedures for the reconstruction of renal vessels in situations where the size or location of involved renal vessels does not permit the application of standard in situ techniques. Six cases with renal vascular lesions were studied, one each of intimal fibromuscular hyperplasia, medial arterial fibroplasia, renal artery aneurysm, atherosclerosis, iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula, and traumatic venous laceration, that were repaired by ex vivo surgery and autotransplantation under cold storage or continuous hypothermic perfusion protection, which preserved renal tissue. We believe these techniques should be considered before nephrectomy is undertaken, especially in the patient with one kidney. PMID- 7016072 TI - Effect of methane inhibitors on the metabolism of rumen microbes in vitro. AB - In incubations in vitro with rumen fluid, the effect of two methane inhibitors, linseed oil hydrolysate (LOH) and chloral hydrate (CH) on the efficiency of microbiol growth was investigated. Total and net microbial growth were determined from 32PO43- and NH3--N incorporation respectively and expressed as g N incorporated per kg organic matter fermented (gN/kgOMf). In a first series on incubations, it was found that LOH had no influence on overall microbial growth efficiency, while with CH, a small but significant decrease of total and net growth efficiency was measured. Further experiments showed that this was not due to accumulation of hydrogen gas in the CH incubations. Microscopic examination showed a toxic effect of LOH on protozoa, but with CH, no such effect was observed. This observation, together with earlier work where a considerable increase in microbial growth efficiency was found in vitro after defaunation of the rumen suggested the following hypothesis: both inhibitors lowered bacterial growth. In the case of LOH, this effect is marked by the defaunating action of LOH, the latter resulting in an increased growth efficiency of the bacterial fraction. This hypothesis was confirmed by incubations with washed cell suspensions (WCS) of mixed rumen bacteria, where growth efficiency was indeed decreased by both inhibitors. The possible mechanism explaining this phenomenon was discussed. PMID- 7016073 TI - Mutagenicity testing with Salmonella microsome test. AB - This in vitro mutagenicity test system comprises five different strains of S. typhimurium as target cells with the rat liver S-9 fraction and appropriate co factors for metabolic activation of the chemical tested. The bacterial tester strains detect both mutations induced by base pair substitutions and intercalation (frame shift mutations). Usually 10(8)--10(9) cells of an overnight culture or an exponentially growing culture are incubated for 2-3 days with a mixture of S-9, co-factors, soft agar and the chemical on histidine-deficient agar. The S-9 fraction is obtained from the livers of rats pretreated with 500 mg/kg chlorinated biphenyls (Clophen A-50, Aroclor 1254) to obtain high metabolic activity. For reproducibility it is essential to standardize metabolic activity and protein content of the S-9 and to use three different concentrations thereof in the test system. Since solvents inhibit metabolic activation of the chemicals they must not exceed 4% of the final 2.6 ml incubate. Several independent studies have shown that between 85 and 93% of chemical carcinogens are mutagens in the test. Regarding extrapolation to man one has to consider that the test is preferentially adapted for metabolic activation of the chemicals, whereas inactivation processes are absent or are less active than in vivo. Thus, the test provides qualitative rather than quantitative information on mutagenic effects of a chemical. PMID- 7016075 TI - The methenamine misunderstanding in the therapy of phosgene poisoning. AB - A thorough analysis of the pertinent literature leads to the conclusion that there is no justification for the use of methenamine (hexamethylene tetramin, Urotropin) for the therapy of phosgene poisoning. PMID- 7016074 TI - Mutagenicity testing with eukaryotic microorganisms. AB - The different genetic end-points which can be tested to detect genotoxicity of chemicals in fungi and especially in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. They include reversion and forward mutation, mitochondrial deletions and point mutations, mitotic or meiotic intra- and intergenic recombination, chromosomal non-disjunction and aneuploidy. Several factors known to affect the response to genotoxic agents such as the growth parameters, the repair ability, the cells permeability, etc., are discussed. The recent validation studies on the mutagenic and recombinogenic activities of a number of chemicals indicate that within the battery of rapid, low cost and quantitatively reliable tests, the yeast system can be profitably used. PMID- 7016076 TI - Respiratory pathology in rats and mice after inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3 chloropropane or 1,2 dibromoethane for 13 weeks. AB - Seventy F344 rats and 144 B6C3F1 mice were subdivided into seven groups. Three groups were each exposed via inhalation to 1, 5, or 25 ppm of 1,2-dibromo-3 chloropropane (DBCP) for 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks. Three additional groups were each similarly exposed to 3, 15, or 75 ppm of 1,2 Dibromoethane (EDB). The remaining group was exposed to room air under the same conditions. At 13 weeks, rats and mice showed severe necrosis and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity after inhalation of 5 or 25 ppm DBCP and 75 ppm EDB. Lower concentrations induced squamous cell metaplasia, hyperplasia and cytomegaly of the epithelium of the respiratory nasal turbinals. Squamous metaplasia, hyperplasia and cytomegaly of the epithelium was also seen in larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Other compound related toxic lesions in rats were seen in the liver, kidney and testes. PMID- 7016077 TI - Actin filament bundles in vaccinia virus infected fibroblasts. AB - When monolayer cultures of mouse 3T3 cells were infected with vaccinia virus, a rapid decrease of microfilament bundles was observed. The major disappearance of the cellular microfilaments occurred within the first hour after vaccinia virus infection, which is the period of uncoating of the virus core and early viral protein synthesis. The microfilament bundles of infected cells were significantly preserved in the presence of puromycin which inhibits viral protein synthesis. PMID- 7016078 TI - The site of cleavage in infected cells and polypeptides of representative paramyxoviruses grown in cultured cells of the chorioallantoic membrane. AB - Cultured cells of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fulfilled the need of using the same cell system that was permissive for representative paramyxoviruses to carry out studies on the biosynthesis of their glycoproteins in infected cells. The polypeptides composition of the respective paramyxoviruses [Newcastle disease virus (NDV), paramyxovirus Yucaipa (PMY), and Sendai virus], grown in eggs and CAM-cells, was essentially identical. In egg-grown PMY a large glycoprotein (LGP) was present but only in some CAM-grown preparations of virus labeled with [3H] glucosamine and rarely in [35S]-methionine or [3H]-amino acids (valine, leucine, and tyrosine) labeled viruses. The site of cleavage of precursor F0 to F1,2 was not the same. In contrast to the cleavage of Sendai virus glycoprotein, cleavage was intracellular in NDV and PMY infected cells. Homologous antisera against the glycoproteins failed to inhibit cleavage of HN0 or F0 in cells infected with the representative paramyxoviruses. PMID- 7016079 TI - Enteric inoculation with ERA rabies virus: evaluation of a candidate wildlife vaccine in laboratory rodents. AB - A series of experiments on the safety and efficacy of enteric vaccination was carried out in laboratory rodents using the ERA strain of rabies virus both live and inactivated. In the first and second experiments in white Norway rats, several methods of inoculation were compared for the development of rabies neutralizing antibody. In later experiments, the potential for disease transmission through salivary excretion of ERA strain, or through scavenging, or cannibalism were evaluated. Enteric inoculation of rats with high doses of live ERA virus often failed to give an antibody response yet would occasionally kill adult animals. Rabies antigen was demonstrable in the trigeminal ganglion and tongue of one of these rats, and 14 of 65 (21.5 percent) adult mice died from rabies after eating infants infected with the ERA strain. PMID- 7016081 TI - Complement-dependent cell lysis assay for quantitation of rubella antibodies. AB - A comparison of the capacity to detect antibody titers to rubella virus was made between the complement-dependent cell lysis (CDCL) assay and the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Titers detected by CDCL assay correlated with the HAI test. Although the CDCL assay was less convenient to conduct, it proved to be more sensitive than the HAI test. PMID- 7016080 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of arenaviruses. AB - Conditions for ELISA by using IgG linked with horseradish peroxidase have been developed for the detection of 6 arenaviruses (Machupo, Junin, Tacaribe, Amapari, LCM and Tamiami). This method allows the detection of arenavirus antigens in various materials; organs and blood in affected animals and infected cell culture fluids. It shows higher sensitivity and allows an earlier detection of virus specific antigens as compared with the CF test. PMID- 7016082 TI - Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are carriers for lipid peroxides and inhibit prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis in arteries. AB - Serum lipid peroxides are concentrated in the LDL fraction. HDL and plasma proteins quench the interaction of LDL lipid peroxides with thiobarbituric acid. LDL inhibits prostacyclin biosynthesis both in incubated rat aortic slices and superfused bovine coronary arteries. It is proposed that atherogenic properties of LDL are associated with inactivation of arterial prostacyclin synthetase by lipid peroxides which are present in LDL. PMID- 7016083 TI - Publications of the Arizona Territorial Medical Society. PMID- 7016084 TI - [ED-20 epoxy resin as an embedding medium for biological objects for electron microscopy study]. AB - A method of embedding of biological objects for electron microscopy is described. A solution of epoxide resin ED-20 with a plastifier, dibutyl phthalate, and a solidifier, standard polyethylene polyamine, comprising 8% and 12% of the total mass of resin, was added into capsules into which blocks of tissues to be examined that had been pre-impregnated in increasing resin-in-acetone solution series were placed. Polymerization occurred under conventional conditions at room temperature for 24 hours or at 37 degrees C for 12 hours. PMID- 7016085 TI - [The role of thrombocytes in the superacute rejection of a human kidney allograft]. PMID- 7016086 TI - [Complications and causes of death in modern treatment methods on terminal kidney failure]. AB - The analysis of 550 records of autopsies of patients who had suffered from chronic renal insufficiency and had been treated by transplantation of corpse kidney, programme hemodialysis, and conservatively, was carried out. Significant differences in the structure of complications and causes of death in these kinds of correction of the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency were established. Each of them has its own most frequent causes of complications and fatal outcomes associated both with the main disease and the type of treatment used. PMID- 7016087 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of the liver secretory apparatus]. AB - Bile secretion by the liver is thoroughly reviewed on its histologic and functional aspects. Regarding biliary flux, it is quantified as dependent or independent from bile acids. The mechanisms of excretion of other compounds like organic anions, cholesterol and phospholipids, are described. Such aspects allow the classification of intrahepatic cholestasis, based on their mechanisms, which can encompass the following: 1) decreased bile acid synthesis; 2) qualitative changes of bile acids; 3) enzymatic changes of the canalicular membrane; 4) changes in the permeability of the canalicular membrane; 5) dysfunction of the contractile microfilaments of the hepatocyte. PMID- 7016088 TI - St Louis encephalitis. Quantitative histologic and immunofluorescent studies. AB - Using techniques of stereology, we measured the severity of lesions in ten cases of acute St Louis encephalitis (SLE) from the 1975 epidemic in northern Illinois. Percentage of fractional volume and numerical profile density on area (N/A) of cellular nodules and N/A of blood vessels with perivascular inflammatory cellular infiltration were significantly correlated in 17 anatomic regions of the CNS. Ranking of the severity of lesions in these regions agreed with subjective estimates of other cases of SLE. Immunofluorescent tests established the presence of SLE viral antigen in cell bodies of neurons. Our findings contribute to better understanding of the pathology of SLE in man. PMID- 7016089 TI - The anticaries effect of single and combined topical fluoride systems in school children. PMID- 7016090 TI - Was Mozart cross-eyed? PMID- 7016091 TI - Traction retinal detachment. A cell-mediated event. AB - In posterior-segment penetrating injuries, the role of cellular and extracellular structures for the development of fraction retinal detachment is a matter of controversy. With the use of immunofluorescence techniques, we studied the cellular components of intravitreal membranes, with particular attention to the presence of intracellular contractile proteins. Our results demonstrate increasing concentrations of intracellular actin filaments in 12- to 21-day-old membrane specimens at the time when traction retinal detachment is most likely to occur in the rabbit eye. The sequence of events reflects the same process that occurs in the wound-healing response throughout the body. The specialized anatomy of the eye, particularly the vitreoretinal relationship at the vitreous base, accounts for the disastrous consequence of fraction retinal detachment. PMID- 7016092 TI - Human massive periretinal proliferation. In vitro characteristics of cellular components. AB - The sources of cellular constituents of fibrous and cellophane membranes formed in massive periretinal proliferation have been unclear. We successfully obtained cellular outgrowths from abnormal vitreous specimens collected at surgery for massive periretinal proliferation in 13 patients, using standard culture techniques. By phase-contrast and ultrastructural morphological criteria, we identified four major cellular constituents: (1) macrophages present in all specimens: (2) pigmented epithelioid cells, present in a majority of specimens; (3) glial-like cells, present in a majority of specimens; and (4) fibroblastic cells, present in all specimens but much more prominent in grossly fibrous tissues. Our findings confirm published reports of pigmented epithelioid cells and glial-like cells in fixed surgical specimens and advance our understanding of the heterogeneity of pathologic cells active in producing this serious complication of retinal reattachment surgery. PMID- 7016093 TI - Wide field specular microscopy of excised donor corneas. AB - Routine examination of the endothelium of eye bank excised corneas in the McCarey Kaufman storage medium has been accomplished by using a new bottle cap with an optical quality window. A sterile system is maintained as the cornea remains in the bottle within which it is sent to the surgeon, without handling or manipulation of the tissue. In combination with the wide field specular microscope in the noncontact mode, endothelial cell measurements and qualitative information about the endothelial surface are now available. PMID- 7016095 TI - Update of ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - Reticulum cell sarcoma involving the vitreous and the brainstem occurred in a 45 year-old man. He initially was seen with diplopia from a partial left-sided third cranial nerve palsy, which is rare. Later, a typical uveitis developed in the right eye. An initial diagnosis of brainstem glioma, based primarily on the computed tomographic scan findings and clinical history, was ultimately proved erroneous when the correct diagnosis was shown by the results of a cytologic examination of vitreous aspirate. Excellent visual response to a moderately high oral dose of steroids occurred, which has not been usual in other reported cases. Definitive cobalt (gamma) radiation therapy (6,000 rad to the brainstem and 4,000 rad to the vitreous) has produced a one-year remission at this time. PMID- 7016094 TI - Intraocular irrigating solutions for pars plana vitrectomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. AB - A prospective, randomized, double-blind study showed that glutathione-bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BSS Plus) caused significantly less corneal swelling on the first postoperative day after pars plana vitrectomy than did lactated Ringer's solution. By the seventh postoperative day, no difference was seen between the two solutions. We found no correlation between the increase in corneal thickness and either the duration of intraocular irrigation or the volume of solution used or the presence or absence of the lens. No persistent corneal complications were seen. PMID- 7016096 TI - Preventive measures to control further bone loss and soft tissue damage in denture wearing. AB - It is suggested that a prosthesis was tolerated for long periods of time, and when allowed to remain contaminated, contributes to tissue destruction including resorption of bone. It is suggested also that patients should not only understand the potential dangers but should accept the limitations imposed by a denture, and take steps to overcome these limitations with the help of the dentist. In addition to learning problems the patient must be advised to pay attention to diet and, in particular, to recognize the need for scrupulous oral hygiene in the interests of preventing soft tissue damage and further bone loss. Most importantly, dentists must not allow their duties to be abrogated to groups less qualified to perform them simply because they have lost the skills of communication and understanding. PMID- 7016098 TI - Sterilization of handpieces and turbines. PMID- 7016097 TI - A simple shear test to evaluate the bond strength of ceramic fused to metal. PMID- 7016099 TI - Practical procedures. Repair of lacerations. PMID- 7016100 TI - Prospects of a living attenuated vaccine against influenza. AB - Living attenuated vaccines offer the promise of providing more effective immunity against influenza than inactivated vaccines. However, the development of such vaccines presents unique problems, because influenza A viruses undergo frequent antigenic change and are highly infectious. Ideally, a living vaccine should produce substantial immunity to the disease from a single dose administered in the form of nose drops. The vaccine should be suitably attenuated, with attenuation being determined by in vitro markers which allow the ready detection of revertants to virulence. The only practical approach is to use a thoroughly accredited master strain which can be recombined with a contemporary virulent strain to produce an attenuated recombinant having the surface antigens of the contemporary strain. Of the master strains currently being developed, temperature sensitive (ts) and cold-adapted (ca) mutants appear to have the greatest promise. PMID- 7016101 TI - Some properties of neutral proteinases from lysosomes of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Neutral proteinases capable of degrading proteoglycan were found in lysosomes of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes extracted with 0 . 01 M citric acid. Esterase activity against an elastase substrate was also present but chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities were not detected; azocasein-degrading activity was poor. Proteoglycanase activity was stimulated by high concentrations of salts (0 . 2 M KCl) and divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn) but was inhibited by Cu++. Elastase activity was also stimulated by high ionic strength buffers and KCl, but not as much by divalent cations, and was inhibited by Cu++. Proteoglycanase in crude extracts was inhibited by EDTA, phenylmethanesulphonylfluoride (Pms-F), cell cytosol, alpha 1-antitrypsin, gold thiomalate and N-acetyl-di-L-alanyl-L-propyl-L valine chloromethyl ketone (AAAPVCK). Partial inhibition by N-alpha-p-tosyl-L lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and L-l-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) occurred. Elastase adsorbed to CM-cellulose and was eluted by 0 . 6 0 . 7 M NaCl; a metallo-proteinase failed to adsorb completely but was retarded by the CM-cellulose. Isoelectric focusing showed that the major proteinases had pI's of 5 . 5, 8 . 5 and 9 . 1; the activity with pI 8 . 5 was a metallo proteinase, and the Pi 9 . 1 activity was an elastase. The apparent molecular weight of the elastase, determined on Sephadex G-100, was 8,000 and 11,000 daltons. PMID- 7016102 TI - The Harry Ellicott Bacon Oration: the development of a restorative operation for carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 7016103 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma presenting with extrahepatic biliary obstruction: a report of three cases. AB - Three patients with histiocytic lymphoma presented with jaundice due to extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Two had widespread disease, but one had a primary lymphoma of the head of the pancreas simulating pancreatic cancer. Biliary bypass surgery was avoided in two patients, both of whom showed resolution of jaundice following treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. PMID- 7016104 TI - Improved techniques in E.E.A. Stapling for ultra low colorectal and colo-anal anastomosis. AB - Techniques for routinely achieving intact ultralow end-to-end colorectal or colo anal staple anastomoses have been examined in eight dogs and undertaken in six human subjects having segmental excision for low middle-third rectal carcinoma. A per-anum purse-string suturing technique into an ultra-short anorectal stump was used. Two methods were employed to appose the proximal divided rectum and the anorectal stump prior to stapling: (i) orthograde entry of the E.E.A. into the bowel (4 dogs and 3 humans); and (ii) high retrograde entry of the E.E.A. into the bowel (4 dogs and 3 humans). These techniques appear reliable methods to ensure complete envelopment of the cartridge and anvil by colon or rectal stump. Intact colo-anal anastomoses were achieved in seven dogs, and there was one anastomotic deficiency in the six patients. Anorectal incontinence in the patients has been a postoperative problem, but does improve with time. The techniques appear to offer greater reliability in construction of ultra-low colorectal or colo-anal end-to-end staple anastomosis after segmental excision of the rectum for low middle-third tumours than do more conventional stapling techniques. PMID- 7016105 TI - The founders of the College Victoria. PMID- 7016106 TI - Long term atropine in chronic severe childhood asthma. PMID- 7016108 TI - The isolation of antibiotic resistant coliforms from meat and sewage. AB - Beef and pig carcases, meat products, frozen chickens, and sewage were examined in 3 separate surveys for antibiotic resistant coliforms. Escherichia coli was isolated from 18 of 50 beef carcases; the numbers were low and resistance was found only to tetracycline. E. coli was isolated from 45 to 50 pig carcases; the numbers were high and showed a range of patterns of multiple antibiotic resistance. In meat products, the proportion of E. coli in contaminating organisms was low, and most resistance found was to tetracycline and streptomycin. E. coli was isolated from 66 of 75 chickens and these gave 23 patterns of antibiotic resistance, often multiple. Sewage from hospital or domestic origin and abattoir effluent yielded approximately 10(6) coliforms/ml, most of which were resistant to one or more antibiotics; few of those from hospital or domestic origin however, were classified as E. coli of faecal origin. Twenty-four patterns of resistance were found in coliforms from domestic sewage, 19 from hospital sewage and 11 from abattoir effluent. Transfer of resistance, often multiple, was achieved from 55% of 447 resistant strains to an E. coli K12 recipient. Much more information is required on the prevalence of R-factors in bacteria associated with food producing animals and their products. PMID- 7016107 TI - Treatment of neonatal diabetes insipidus with desmopressin (DDAVP). PMID- 7016109 TI - Sunburn and its prevention. PMID- 7016110 TI - A Mossbauer spectroscopic investigation of the redox behaviour of the molybdenum iron protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase. Mechanistic and structural implications. AB - The redox properties of the nitrogenase Mo-Fe protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae have been monitored by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy between -460 and -160mV (relative to the normal hydrogen electrode). Two redox processes associated with the atoms of the protein were observed. One at -216mV (pH 8.7) was associated with the Fe-Mo cofactor centres in the protein and allowed identification of the Mossbauer parameters of the oxidized form of these centres. The other redox process at -340mV (pH 8.7) was associated with species M5 [Smith & Lang (1974) Biochem. J. 137, 169-180]. This latter redox process may be involved in enzyme turnover. The oxidized form of species M5 interacts magnetically with species M4. The structural implications of the data have been considered in relation to other published data. It is concluded that an unequivocal assignment of the M4 and M5 atoms to Fe-S cluster types is not yet possible. PMID- 7016111 TI - Some properties of pig kidney-cortex aldehyde reductase. AB - Aldehyde reductase was purified from pig kidney cortex to homogeneity by a new procedure. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by sedimentation equilibrium to be 43 700 and by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate to be 41 700. The enzyme is clearly a monomer. The enzyme preparation contained no significant quantities of zinc, manganese or copper and had no essential histidine or thiol groups. Changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of NADPH were observed on formation of the enzyme-NADPH complexes. Large changes in the fluorescence spectra were also observed in the presence of sodium barbitone or Warfarin. These changes were used as the basis of active-site titrations, which showed that the enzyme had one active site per molecule. The dissociation constants of NADPH and NADP+ from binary complexes with the enzyme were estimated in spectrophotometric titrations. PMID- 7016112 TI - A neutral endopeptidase in the microvillar membrane of pig intestine. Partial purification and properties. AB - An enzyme hydrolysing [125I]iodo-insulin B chain was enriched in preparations of intestinal microvilli. The activity could be solubilized by Triton X-100 and was partially (76-fold) purified. It was very sensitive to inhibition by phosphoramidon and was also inhibited by chelating agents. In its enzymic, molecular and immunological properties the intestinal enzyme closely resembled kidney microvillar neutral endopeptidase (kidney-brush-border neutral proteinase, EC 3.4.24.11). PMID- 7016114 TI - Membrane proteins associated with amino acid transport by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - Cells of the wild-type yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain Y185, grown under conditions that de-repress the formation of a general amino acid permease ('Gap') system, bind delta-N-chloroacetyl[1-(14)C]ornithine; L- and D-amino acid substrates of the general amino acid permease system protect against this binding. The protein responsible is released from the cells by homogenization or by preparation of protoplasts; it is not released by osmotic shock. This protein is virtually absent from the wild-type strain when it is grown under conditions that repress the general amino acid permease system, and is also absent from a Gap- mutant Y185-His3, selected by its resistance to D-amino acids. This mutant and repressed wild-type cells also fail to form a number of membrane proteins elaborated by de-repressed wild-type cells. It is possible that all these proteins are components of the general amino acid permease system. PMID- 7016113 TI - Studies on the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into pyruvate dehydrogenase in intact rat fat-cells. Effects of insulin. AB - 1. Intact rat epididymal fat-cells were incubated with 32Pi, and the intracellular proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of the separated bands of phosphorylated proteins had an apparent subunit mol.wt. of 42 000, which is the same as that of the alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. By using a combination of subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation with antiserum raised against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and two-dimensional electrophoresis it was apparent that the incorporation into alpha-subunits accounted for 35--45% of the total incorporation into this band of phosphoproteins. 2. The increase in the initial activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase that follows brief exposure of fat cells to insulin was shown to be associated with a decrease in the steady-state incorporation of 32P into the alpha-subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase. 3. Tryptic peptide analysis of pyruvate dehydrogenase [32P]phosphate, labelled in intact fat-cells, indicated that three serine residues on the alpha-subunit were phosphorylated, corresponding to the three sites phosphorylated when purified pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. The relative phosphorylation of all three serine residues appeared to be similar in 32P labelled alpha-subunits in both control and insulin-treated fat-cells. PMID- 7016115 TI - Efficiency of ferredoxins and flavodoxins as mediators in systems for hydrogen evolution. AB - 1. The efficiencies of ferredoxins and flavodoxins from a range of sources as mediators in systems for hydrogen evolution were assessed. 2. In supporting electron transfer from dithionite to hydrogenase of the bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum, highest activity was shown by the ferredoxin from the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii and flavodoxin from the bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii. The latter was some twenty times as active as comparable concentrations of Methyl Viologen. Ferredoxins from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans and the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis also showed high activity. 3. In mediating electron transfer from chloroplast membranes to Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase the flavodoxin from Anacystis nidulans proved the most active with Nostoc strain MAC flavodoxin and Porphyra umbilicalis ferredoxin also being appreciably more active than other cyanobacterial and higher plant ferredoxins. 4. In both hydrogenase systems the ferredoxin and flavodoxin from the red alga Chondrus crispus and the ferredoxin from another red alga Gigartina stellata showed very low activity. 5. There appeared to be no apparent correlation of efficiency in supporting hydrogenase activity with midpoint redox potential (Em) of the mediators, though some correlation of Em with the efficiency of the mediators in supporting NADP+ photoreduction by chloroplasts, or pyruvate oxidation by a Clostridium pasteurianum system, was evident. 6. Activity of the mediators in the hydrogenase systems therefore primarily reflects differences in tertiary structure conferring differing affinities for the other components of the systems. PMID- 7016118 TI - A study of the applicability of QSAR calculation for peptide hormones. PMID- 7016117 TI - Calcium-activated thiol-proteinase activity in the fusion of rat erythrocytes induced by benzyl alcohol. AB - 1. Rat erythrocytes were fused by incubation with benzyl alcohol and Ca2+. 2. Cell fusion was inhibited by EGTA, N-ethylmaleimide, tetrathionate, iodoacetamide, cystamine, Tos-Lys-CH2Cl, and to a lesser extent by Tos-Phe-CH2Cl. Phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, Tos-Arg-OMe and histamine did not inhibit cell fusion. 3. Gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins from "ghosts" of the erythrocytes treated with benzyl alcohol showed that a high-molecular-weight polymer was present: this was consistent with the entry into the cells of Ca2+ and the activation of a transglutaminase enzyme. 4. In the treated cells the proteins corresponding to bands 2 and 3 in human erythrocytes were decreased, and a polypeptide with a slightly greater mobility than band 3 was produced. 5. These changes were inhibited by EGTA, N-ethylmaleimide, tetrathionate, iodoacetamide, cystamine, and Tos-Lys-CH2Cl, but not by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, Tos-Arg OMe, or histamine. 6. The intramembraneous particles of the P-fracture face of cells treated with benzyl alcohol to induce fusion were decreased in number and were susceptible to cold-induced aggregation; both of these phenomena were markedly inhibited to EGTA, and partially inhibited by Tos-Lys-CH2Cl and N ethylmaleimide. 7. These several observations indicate that a Ca2+-activated thiol-proteinase, which acts to degrade membrane proteins and to give freedom of lateral movement to intramembranous particles, may be essential feature of membrane fusion in this system. 8. It is suggested that this proteinase may act to degrade spectrin-binding proteins that attach band-3 protein to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. PMID- 7016116 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in insulin-deficient states. AB - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-controlling enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was determined in tissues of normal control rats and rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. In untreated diabetic rats fed ad libitum, ornithine decarboxylase activity was markedly diminished in liver, skeletal muscle, heart and thymus. Ornithine decarboxylase was not diminished in a comparable group of diabetic rats maintained on insulin. Starvation for 48h decreased ornithine decarboxylase activity to very low values in tissues of both normal and diabetic rats. In the normal group, refeeding caused a biphasic increase in liver ornithine decarboxylase; there was a 20-fold increase in activity at 3h followed by a decrease in activity, and a second peak between 9 and 24h. Increases in ornithine decarboxylase in skeletal muscle, heart and thymus were not evident until after 24-48h of refeeding, and only a single increase occurred. The increase in liver ornithine decarboxylase in diabetic rats was greater than in normal rats after 3h of refeeding, but there was no second peak. In peripheral tissues, the increase in ornithine decarboxylase with refeeding was diminished. Skeletal-muscle ornithine decarboxylase is induced more rapidly when meal-fed rats are refed after a period without food. Refeeding these rats after a 48h period without food caused a 5-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase in skeletal muscle at 3h in control rats but failed to increase activity in diabetic rats. When insulin was administered alone or together with food to the diabetic rats, muscle ornithine decarboxylase increased to activities even higher than in the refed controls. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in many tissues is grossly impaired in diabetes and starvation. They also suggest that polyamine formation in vivo is an integral component of the growth-promoting effect of insulin or some factor dependent on insulin. PMID- 7016119 TI - Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 metabolism: conversion to Met-enkephalin by brain and kidney dipeptidyl carboxypeptidases. PMID- 7016120 TI - The primary structure of crotalase, a thrombin-like venom enzyme, exhibits closer homology to kallikrein than to other serine proteases. PMID- 7016121 TI - The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of septic arthritis. PMID- 7016122 TI - A summary of the efficacy of praziquantel against schistosomes in animal experiments and notes on its mode of action. AB - 2-Cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) is broadly effective in mice, Syrian hamsters and Mastomys natalensis experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, and S. mattheei. In vitro it is equally effective against all developmental stages of S. mansoni whilst in vivo it is especially effective against young schistosomules and mature worms. 14C-Praziquantel is rapidly taken up by S. mansoni and not transformed metabolically. In the mammal, however, metabolism of praziquantel is rapid and 80% of the orally administered dose is excreted in the urine within 24 h. Clinico chemical and haematological studies have shown that praziquantel is well tolerated by mice heavily infected with S. mansoni. Praziquantel induces a rapid contraction of the schistosomes by a specific effect on the permeability of the cell membrane. In vivo it induces a rapid liver shift of the schistosomes. Praziquantel further results in a vacuolization and disintegration of the schistosome tegument. PMID- 7016123 TI - Trial designs for multicentre clinical studies of investigational phases I B to III with praziquantel. AB - Following very promising results with 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) in animal experiments on toxicity and efficacy and after confirming excellent tolerability in healthy volunteers, WHO could be won over to the further clinical development of this compound. In close cooperation trial protocols and case report sheets standardised as far as possible were set up for intercontinental multicentre trials in investigational phases II A, II B, and III, respectively. Thus, in investigational phase II A, studies were conducted simultaneously in Africa, Asia and South America. In all those endemic areas not only good tolerability in patients but also high efficacy against local Schistosoma species could be confirmed in double blind trials. In the extended phase II B, patients were allotted to 3 strata of different intensity of infection in order to find out if differentiating dosages would be necessary according to degree of worm burden, patient's age, and occurrence of more frequent and/or severe adverse reactions in patients with hepatolienal complications. There is not yet a satisfactory answer to all of these questions. In the investigational phase III already under way we hope to fill those gaps and also to find the optimum dosage for large scale use under field conditions. The profile of praziquantel, however, has already been established to an extent that first community health projects have been successfully started and others are in an advanced stage of planning. PMID- 7016124 TI - Clinical experience with praziquantel in the treatment of Nigerian patients infected with S. haematobium. AB - A double-blind controlled trial of 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro 4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) in the treatment of vesical schistosomiasis has been carried out in 90 Nigerian schoolchildren of both sexes aged 9--16 years. Oral doses of 1 x 30, 1 x 40, and 2 x 20 mg/kg b.w. were assessed against placebo at 1 x 40 mg/kg, and the subjects followed up for up to twelve months after treatment. The results showed that the drug is very effective against S. haematobium infections and well tolerated. There were not significant differences between the three dosage groups, and the drug had no adverse haematological or biochemical effects. It is concluded that praziquantel widely meets the requirements necessary for use in large scale control of vesical schistosomiasis. PMID- 7016125 TI - The status of speech-language pathology in the home health setting. PMID- 7016127 TI - Continuing education for academic faculty in speech-language pathology and audiology. PMID- 7016126 TI - Guidelines for the employment and utilization of supportive personnel. PMID- 7016128 TI - A single profession? PMID- 7016129 TI - Requirements for the certificates of clinical competence. PMID- 7016131 TI - TMJ dysfunction: etiology, diagnosis, treatment, review of literature. PMID- 7016130 TI - [Study of GH in patients suffering from sexual impotence and abnormal glucose tolerance test (author's transl)]. AB - The correlation between dopamine-serotonin systems and sexual behaviour and the influence of these two amines on GH secretion is well known. We evaluated GH responses (maximum increase (delta) after OGTT and mean increase (delta M) after insulin test) in a group of 32 males suffering from erective impotence with impotence with abnormal reaction to a glucose tolerance test. Results were compared with those obtained in a group of 13 normal controls. No significant difference in basal values and dynamic responses between the two groups was present. Our data suggest that GH doesn't decrease the tolerance to glucose in these patients. The abnormal values observed during a glucose tolerance test may be due to some agent involved in the interactions between limbic system, ventral lateral and ventral medial hypothalamic nuclei and dopamine-serotonin systems. No influence by this system on GH secretion is evident. PMID- 7016132 TI - Endodontic microbiology in the 1970s. PMID- 7016133 TI - Problems of intradental testing of restorative materials. PMID- 7016134 TI - [The fundamental studies of porcelains fused to metal alloys of Ni-Cr system (1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016135 TI - [New equipment for cutting test of rotary cutting instruments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016136 TI - Kinetics of IgM and IgG antibodies in mice experimentally infected with cystogenic strain of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Mice were infected with a "cystogenic" strain of T. gondii and sera obtained at different times were tested using DT and IFAT (cell wall antibodies tests) and IHAT (performed with extractive cytoplasmic antigen). We found different kinetics of DT- and IFAT- versus IHAT-titers: IHAT is negative during the early phase of the experimental infection when DT and IgM-IFAT are already positive. Furthermore IgM antibodies were never found against cytoplasmic antigens by the IHAT method. At weekly intervals after the experimental infection a biological test was also performed using samples of different organs. We found that one week after the infection only the brain was constantly positive in the biological test. The antibody pattern was similar in every positive test irrespective of the source and size of the material used for the inoculum. These data suggest that the result of a biological test may be available earlier (already after 7 days) if a test for antibodies against cell wall antigens is performed on the IgM fraction of the mouse serum. PMID- 7016137 TI - [Specific immune response in asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy]. AB - Specific antibodies against bacteria isolated from urine have been searched in the serum of pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, utilizing passive hemagglutination, direct agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence methods. Of the 475 examined women 35 (7.3%) showed positive urine culture; 88.5% of these women had an elevated specific antibody titer in their serum. Our studies support the hypothesis that asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women might represent a signal of latent urinary tract infection. PMID- 7016138 TI - Genetic effects of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide in yeast. AB - Using D7 strain of S. cerevisiae where we can consider three genetic effects such as mitotic gene conversion, mitotic cross over and reverse mutation we tested vinylcyclohexene diepoxide "in vitro" without metabolic activation. In this condition VCD is very toxic and induces both three genetic effects namely mitotic gene conversion, mitotic cross over and reverse mutation. PMID- 7016139 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of insulin in the amniotic fluid]. AB - Small amounts of immunoreactive insulin, at about one-eighth the concentrations found in maternal serum, have been detected in human amniotic fluid. A positive correlation between term amniotic fluid insulin levels and newborn birth weight was found. Insulin was studied in 42 samples of amniotic fluid obtained from normal and pathological pregnancies by radioimmunoassay. In only one sample of amniotic fluid of diabetic mother with insulin dependence we found high values of insulin and condition of insufficient fetal lung maturity. We believe that radioimmunoassay of insulin in amniotic fluid may be a parameter of evaluation of fetal maturity. PMID- 7016140 TI - ["Beat to beat" variations in diabetic patients]. AB - Our aim is to find a way to test the autonomic nervous dysfunction in diabetes mellitus by performing maximal deep-breathings during ECg recording. The subjects underwent ECG recording continously for 2 minutes: during the first minute they breathed regularly, in the second minute they accomplished 6 maximal deep breathings. The R-R intervals in the 1st, as well as the shortest R-R intervals during inspiration and the longest ones during expiration in the second minute were measured and expiration-inspiration ratio (E:I ratio) was calculated. A decreased variation of the R-R intervals from deep-breathings reveals the autonomic nervouis dysfunction . Our data suggest that in diabetes mellitus, R-R intervals show a decreased variation, able to demonstrate earlier autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7016141 TI - [The vasoactive effects of captopril (SQ 14225). Preliminary research]. AB - The Authors examined the behaviour of the humeral arterial pressure, of the heart frequency and of the muscular blood flow in inferior limbs. This study was performed before and after treatment with Captopril (SQ 14225), 100 mg per os, a selective inhibitor of the converting enzyme. Both resting blood flow (RBF) and maximal blood flow (NBF) were studied by Xenon 133 clearance. The A.A. observed that the drug induced a significant (P less than 0.01) increase of both RBF and MBF. Therefore, the Authors hypothesize that the Captopril is able to produce peripheral vasodilatation, without any significant variation of the cardiac index and frequency. Such an effect is considered to depend not only upon the inhibited angiotensin II production, but also upon stimulation of bradikinins and prostaglandins. PMID- 7016143 TI - [Societa Italiana di Cardiologia. List of members]. PMID- 7016142 TI - [Effects of a "single-meal" low calorie diet on the circadian variation of serum cortisol, insulin and somatotropin and urinary excretion of catecholamines]. AB - Four obese patients were given a single-meal diet for two periods of three days each. Blood samples were drawn every four hours for serum determinations of growthormone, cortisol and insulin. At same times urinary samples for urinary cathecholamines determination were collected. Cortisolemia showed a firm circadian rhythm in both regimens: there was a marked over-lap of the two confidences ellipsis so we could conclude for the independence of cortisol rhythm whith both regimes, but there occurred a significant difference in the acrofases between the two regimens. This could mean that meal-timing can play a major role in syncronizing catecholamines urinary excretion as far as subjects in supine position are concerned. No circadian rhythm was detected either in serum insulin or in HGH values. PMID- 7016147 TI - The monofluorophosphate story. PMID- 7016144 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of acute administration of labetalol in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7016145 TI - [Correlation between neural noise and anatomical structures along the electrode track in the stereotactic thalamotomy-autopsy case study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016146 TI - A clinical comparison of two filled fissure sealants after one year. PMID- 7016148 TI - Crowning pulpless teeth. Part 1. PMID- 7016149 TI - The effect of Karaya gum on tooth enamel. PMID- 7016151 TI - Chloroform in clinical anaesthesia. PMID- 7016153 TI - Some long established agents--a contemporary review. PMID- 7016152 TI - Halothane in clinical practice. PMID- 7016150 TI - Limitation of myocardial infarct size in patients less than 66 years treated with alprenolol. AB - Two hundred and eighty-two patients less than 66 years of age admitted with suspected or definite myocardial infarction were allocated in a random fashion to treatment with alprenolol or placebo. Treatment was started immediately upon admission with 5-10 mg alprenolol or placebo intravenously, followed by 200 mg alprenolol or placebo orally twice a day for one year. In 178 patients a definite myocardial infarction was diagnosed. Myocardial infarct size could be estimated from serial determinations of serum total creatine kinase in 42 patients treated with alprenolol and 43 patients receiving placebos. Median infarct size was 20.6 CK g Eq/m2 body surface in the alprenolol group, the corresponding figure in the placebo group being 34.4 CK g Eq/m2 body surface. Median rate of release of creatine kinase from the ischaemic myocardium was 27.7 U/1 per hour and 48.0 U/1 per hour after alprenolol and placebo, respectively. Alprenolol limited infarct size significantly provided the treatment was started within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms. PMID- 7016154 TI - Investigations on isoflurane, sevoflurane and other experimental anaesthetics. PMID- 7016156 TI - Alternatives to inhalation anaesthesia. PMID- 7016155 TI - Studying toxicity of inhaled general anaesthetics. PMID- 7016157 TI - A randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy for grade 3 and 4 cerebral astrocytoma. AB - The results are reported of a small clinical trial carried out to assess the potential value of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole in the radiation treatment of Grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas. A total of 55 patients were randomly allocated to one of 3 treatment groups. No significant differences were seen between the median survivals of patients in the 2 control radiation groups and that of the third group in which oral misonidazole at a dose of 3 g/m2 preceded each of 4 weekly radiation doses. Possible reasons why no improvement was seen are discussed in detail. PMID- 7016158 TI - Identification and quantitation of tumour cells in cell suspensions: a comparison of cytology and flow cytometry. PMID- 7016160 TI - Ameliorative effects of adrenalectomy on the hyperphagia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension of obese, spontaneously hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR). AB - Genetically obese and hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR) were subjected to sham or bilateral adrenalectomy at 4-5 weeks of age with the onset of hyperphagia. The sham-operated Obese/SHR ate voraciously and by 180 days of age males weighed 700 g and females 590 g. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR ate much less and weighed 325 and 225 g. The systolic blood pressure of the intact Obese/SHR ranged from 160 to 170 mmHg, whereas the blood pressure of the adrenalectomized animals ranged from 108 to 110 mmHg. The thymi of the intact Obese/SHR were massive compared to those of the adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy effectively reduced the hyperinsulinaemia, adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and elevated BUN levels of the obese rats. Several obese rats had old or new myocardial infarcts, fatty livers, giant-sized islets of Langerhans, nodular and hyperaemic adrenal glands, narrow zona glomerulosa devoid of lipid, vacuolated inner cortical zones, foci of intimal fibrinohyalin deposits in mesenteric arteries, early glomerulosclerosis, and large, rounded bladder calculi. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR displayed none of these stigmata. It is suggested that the genetically programmed obesity and hypertension in these SHR are mediated by abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis, may be likened to Cushing's disease in the human, and is associated with accelerated ageing. PMID- 7016161 TI - Some factors affecting prognosis in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigoid. AB - The records of twenty-eight patients dying with pemphigus vulgaris, and forty-two with pemphigoid, have been examined for factors affecting the length of their survival. Age at onset of the disease is important, old patients dying significantly more quickly than young ones. A short pre-treatment phase signifies a fulminating course in pemphigus vulgaris but not in pemphigoid. PMID- 7016159 TI - The pathogenesis of small arterial lesions in nephrectomized rats by the administration of renin. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of purified hog renal renin produced a marked and sustained elevation of arterial pressure and lesions of the "fibrinoid necrosis" type in the small arteries and arterioles of the pancreas, heart and mesentery, but not of the brain, in bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Both the elevation of arterial pressure and the production of arterial lesions were completely prevented by pretreatment with oral SQ14225. Plasma renin clearance in bilaterally nephrectomized rats was markedly slower than that in sham nephrectomized rats. Pre-treatment with oral SQ14225 did not affect renin clearance. It is suggested that sustained high blood pressure due to the sustained high plasma renin concentration in bilaterally nephrectomized rat was responsible for the production by renin of lesions of the fibrinoid necrosis type in the arteries. PMID- 7016162 TI - Oral zinc sulphate in alopacia areata-a double blind trial. PMID- 7016163 TI - The specificity of early changes in the skin during carcinogenesis. PMID- 7016164 TI - Herpes gestationis and anti-HLA immunization. AB - The lymphocytotoxicity technique at +15 degrees C and +37 degrees C was used to identify anti-HLA and cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sera from two women with herpes gestationis. The degree of severity of the illness was different in the two cases. The more serious case (widespread cutaneous involvement, repeated fetal deaths) had a very powerful anti-HLA-A9 +anti-HLA-B5 antibody (titre 1/1000); the other had less severe skin lesions; she had an anti-HLA-B13 antibody (titre was 1/256). Both cases had cold lymphocytotoxic auto-antibodies. PMID- 7016165 TI - Immunologically defined subclasses of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: their relationship to presentation features and prognosis. AB - Leukaemic cells from 542 patients under 21 years of age with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were typed with immunological cell surface markers between June 1975 and December 1979; 379 of these patients entered into the trials up until December 1978 have been followed for more than 1 year. They were divided into four subgroups: common (c) ALL, T (thymic) ALL, 'null' (or 'unclassified') ALL and a rare lymphoma/leukaemia type B-ALL. A T-cell phenotype was found more frequently in boys and was usually but not invariably associated with a high white cell count at presentation. A mediastinal thymic mass was present in 53% of T-ALL patients but was not observed in any unequivocal not-T ALL. Clinical prognosis differed substantially between the three major phenotypic classes, remission induction rate and remission duration being lowest in T-ALL, better in 'null' ALL, and highest in cALL (P trend less than 0 . 0001; P = 0 . 0002 for comparison of cALL versus T-ALL). There was a much higher incidence of CNS involvement in the T-ALL group than in the cALL group or 'null' All group and although this was strongly correlated with WBC count it was also significantly associated with T-ALL independent of WBC count. Overall in this series and also within the major cALL subclass there is a strong correlation between high WBC count and poor clinical response (remission induction and duration). When the three major immunological subclasses are adjusted for WBC count the prognostic correlation of antigenic phenotype is reduced and statistically insignificant. It is suggested that immunological (and enzymatic) phenotype of ALL subclasses may not be an independent correlate of prognosis but nevertheless is linked to other cell differentiation features, especially growth rate and sites of clonal expansion (e.g. marrow versus thymus), which critically influence the size of the clonogenic leukaemic population and its associated evolutionary status with the respect to drug resistant mutants at the time of diagnosis and introduction of therapy. PMID- 7016166 TI - Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia: preliminary studies. AB - We present the preliminary results of bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia using the new immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporin A. We have compared the first seven patients treated with Cyclosporin A as post-graft immunosuppression with 14 similar patients with severe aplastic anaemia transplanted using methotrexate as the immunosuppressive drug in the post-graft period. All seven of our patients treated with Cyclosporin A have engrafted and so far there have been no rejection episodes, although the follow up period is short (greater than 94 to greater than 209 d). These results compare favourably with the methotrexate group of patients in whom five of the 15 patients either failed to engraft or subsequently rejected the graft. We have not encountered irreversible renal or hepatic failure due to Cyclosporin A and so far other effects such as hirsutism and mental changes have not been clinically significant. Two out of the seven patients treated with Cyclosporin A developed severe graft-versus-host disease (Grade III--IV). Four of the nine patients at risk in the methotrexate group developed severe (Grade III--IV) graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7016167 TI - Collagen heterogeneity in normal human bone marrow. AB - Paraffin embedded sections of formalin fixed, decalcified, normal, human, vertebral bone were stained immunohistochemically for collagen types I, III and IV using the peroxidase--anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. Preparations stained for collagen types I and III were virtually identical in appearance. These substrates were localized to the cytoplasm and fibrillar processes of a population of cells which were sparsely distributed within the haemopoietic compartment of the bone marrow, being particularly prominent in relation to the marrow sinusoids and fat spaces. They would thus appear to parallel the known distributions of reticulum cells, although their morphology differed in some respects from classical descriptions of the latter cell type. Type IV collagen was found in association with the endothelial lining of the sinusoids. Other connective tissue elements (bone, periosteum, endosteum, blood vessels, etc.) showed characteristic collagen heterogeneity. These results indicate that collagen is a significant component of the bone marrow connective tissue. PMID- 7016168 TI - Prostacyclin production increases during human parturition. AB - The role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in human parturition was studied by measuring the concentrations of its main metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, before, during and after term labour in the plasma of 9 women and after delivery in umbilical artery and vein plasma. The mean level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose significantly over the course of labour. The mean level was 266 pg/ml before labour, 341 pg/ml in the presence of regular contraction, 387 pg/ml at a cervical dilatation of 5 cm, 386 pg/ml at delivery, and 397 pg/ml at the expulsion of the placenta. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration dropped to below pre-labour levels of 233 pg/ml within 2 hours of delivery, and this level was maintained for the first four postpartum days. The mean levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the umbilical artery and vein plasma, 1667 and 1193 pg/ml respectively, were significantly higher than the maternal plasma levels. PGI2 is characterized by its antiaggregatory and vasodilating abilities, so that the rise in PGI2 during labour may play a role in the prevention of intrapartum thromboembolic complications in the maternal and the uteroplacental circulation. PMID- 7016169 TI - The effect of dietary supplements of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides. AB - 1. The effects of dietary supplements of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides were studied in vegans and in omnivores. 2. A supplement of 18:3 omega 3 led to an increase in 20:5 omega 3 but was less effective than one of 20:5 omega 3 + 22:6 omega 3. PMID- 7016170 TI - Catalytic mechanism of valyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast. Reaction pathway and rate-determining step in the aminoacylation of tRNAVal. AB - The catalytic mechanism of valyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast has been investigated by pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetic measurements and end product dissociation studies. The pre-steady-state kinetics show a lag period during the early time when the reaction is started with free enzyme. The preincubation of the synthetase with tRNAVal and/or valine or preformation of Val approximately AMP leads to a progressive suppression of the lag. This lag probably reflects conformational transitions of the enzyme-substrate complex necessary for the transfer. At low pH or at a low ionic strength, the tRNAVal charging occurs much faster at the pre steady state than at the steady state. We show that after the fast transfer of valine from adenylate to tRNAVal, followed by the fast dissociation of AMP and PPi, a new adenylate is synthesized which promotes the dissociation of the nascent Val-tRNAVal. This dissociation occurs in a multistep process. First ATP and magnesium promote the ejection of the valine moiety of Val-tRNAVal from the adenylate site. A new adenylate is then synthesized which promotes, in the presence of magnesium, several state changes of the end product complex. A complex is finally generated in which the enzyme bound Val-tRNAVal is able to exchange rapidly with a tRNAVal molecule. The free tRNAVal plays an active role in this exchange. Depending upon the experimental conditions, one of these steps can determine the steady-state rate of tRNAVal charging. The dissociations of enzyme-bound uncharged tRNAVal or aa-tRNAs substituted on the amino acid or on the tRNA parts by noncognate parts as well as the effect of the replacement of the adenylates by wrong adenylates have been investigated. It is shown that the valine and the tRNA moieties of Val-tRNAVal and the valine moiety of the adenylate are involved in this mechanism of dissociation. Finally, the rate-determining step of the reversal of tRNAVal charging at the steady-state has been investigated. It is shown that this step is the dissociation of the deacylated tRNAVal from enzyme. PMID- 7016171 TI - Recognition by initiator transfer ribonucleic acid of a uridine 5' adjacent to the AUG codon: different conformational states of formylatable methionine accepting transfer ribonucleic acid at the ribosomal peptidyl site. PMID- 7016172 TI - Comparison of the binding of heavy meromyosin and myosin subfragment 1 in F actin. AB - The binding of heavy meromyosin (HMM) to F-actin was examined at varying ionic strengths and temperatures and in the presence of ADP and AMPPNP and then compared to the binding of subfragment 1 (S-1) under identical conditions. In the absence of nucleotide (mu = 0.12-0.43 M, 22 degrees C), HMM binds 100-1000-fold more strongly to F-actin than does S-1. This indicates that, in the absence of nucleotide, both heads of HMM bind to F-actin, with the second head making a significant contribution to the free energy of binding. On the other hand, in the presence of ADP (mu = 0.43 M, 22 degrees C) or AMPPNP (mu = 0.12 M, degrees C), the binding of HMM to F-actin is quite similar to the binding of S-1, indicating that here the second head of HMM does not make a strong contribution to the free energy of binding. In fact, in the presence of AMPPNP, HMM appears to bind to F actin primarily with one head, while the detached head may be interfering with the binding of another HMM molecule at an adjacent actin site. With all of the different agents tested (ionic strength, temperature, and nucleotide), the effect of the agent on the binding of HMM to F-actin is approximately the square of its effect on the binding of S-1 to F-actin, results consistent with these various agents affecting the binding of each of the two HMM heads to the same extent as they affect the binding of an S-1 head. PMID- 7016173 TI - Environment of ribothymidine in transfer ribonucleic acid studied by means of nuclear Overhauser effect. PMID- 7016174 TI - High-resolution phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid. Metal ion effects and tentative partial assignment of signals. AB - The temperature and metal ion dependence of the 31P NMR spectra of yeast phenylalanine tRNA is presented, and a tentative assignment of some of the individual phosphate signals is offered. Signals A, C, F, P, and T have been assigned to the magnesium binding site of phosphates by monitoring the magnesium ion dependence in the 31P NMR spectra. In the presence of 10 mM Mg2+, specific paramagnetic line broadening effects are observed for signals A, D, E, and U upon addition of 0.001-0.1 Mn2+ ion per tRNA molecule. Through the combination of the above metal in experiments, X-ray studies, and earlier 1H and 31P NMR studies [particularly the tRNA modification 31P NMR experiments of Salemink et al. [Salemink, P..J.M., Swarthof T., & Hilbers, C.W. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3477]], an initial assignment of some of these signals is attempted. PMID- 7016175 TI - Homogeneity of myosin subfragments by equilibrium centrifugation. AB - A number of enzymes are currently in use for obtaining proteolytic subfragments of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. Subfragment-1 can be obtained by papain digestion of polymeric myosin in the presence (Mg-S1) or absence (EDTA-S1) of divalent cations [Margossian, S.S., Lowey, S., & Barshop, B. (1975) Nature (London) 258, 163-166]. Subfragment-1 prepared by chymotrypsin is readily fractionated according to its alkali light-chain content into S1(A1) and S1(A2) [Weeds, A.G., & Taylor, R.S. (1975) Nature (London) 257, 54-56]. Digestion of soluble myosin by trypsin or chymotrypsin leads to heavy meromyosin (HMM) and light meromyosin (LMM). Many of these subfragments show extensive cleavages in the heavy- and/or light-chain region by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In view of the widespread use of proteolytic subfragments in kinetics and structural studies, it was of interest to establish the extent of heterogeneity of these preparations under nondenaturing conditions by equilibrium centrifugation. Analysis of the fringe displacements by the computer programs of Roark & Yphantis [Roark, D.E., & Yphantis, D.A. (1969) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 164, 245-278] showed that for three initial loading concentrations, the molecular weight averages Mn, Mw, M2, were superimposable across the entire solution column for all S1 and HMM species. The same applied for the initial molecular weight averages of LMM and rod, except that with these highly asymmetric molecules, a small drop in molecular weight was observed toward the cell bottom as would be expected from excluded volume effects. We conclude that the subfragments of myosin are remarkably homogeneous in benign solvents, despite the existence of some cleavages in their primary structure. PMID- 7016176 TI - Kinetic mechanism of the hydrogen-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids. AB - The kinetic mechanism of the unidirectional H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids has been investigated with highly purified enzyme. Measurements of the Km for H2 vary from 0.97 to 2.6 microM, and the Km for methylene blue varies from 6 to 17 microM. With H2 and methylene blue as substrates, the initial velocity patterns are intersecting. High levels of methylene blue are inhibitory (KI =2.4 mM): the inhibition is competitive vs. H2. CO is a competitive inhibitor of H2 (KI = 157 microM) and noncompetitive vs. methylene blue. O2 inactivates the enzyme (t 1/2 approximately 1 h) but also is a reversible inhibitor of hydrogenase activity upon short exposure to low concentrations. Inhibition by O2 is uncompetitive vs. H2 and noncompetitive vs. methylene blue. Hydrogenase was not inhibited by C2H2; preincubation under C2H2 inactivates the enzyme. Reduced methyl and benzyl viologens support low rates of H2 evolution by the hydrogenase. The Km for reduced methyl viologen is 11 microM. H2 is a potent inhibitor of H2 evolution: the inhibition is noncompetitive vs. reduced methyl viologen. The hydrogenase will catalyze a low rate of exchange in the reaction between D2 and H2O to form both HD and H2. We propose a two-site ping-pong mechanism for the enzyme in which H2 is reversibly activated at one site and e- carriers interact at the second site. PMID- 7016178 TI - Role of metal cofactors in enzyme regulation. Differences in the regulatory properties of the Escherichia coli nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate specific malic enzyme, depending on whether magnesium ion or manganese ion serves as divalent cation. AB - A number of differences in the kinetic and physical properties of the Escherichia coli nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) dependent malic enzyme have been found, depending upon whether Mg2+ or Mn2+ served to fulfill the divalent cation requirement. The velocity-NADP+ and velocity-cation saturation curves exhibit a simple hyperbolic response in the presence of either metal cofactor, but the affinity for NADP+ (and malate) as well as the Vmax is increased in the presence of Mn2+. The high affinity of the enzyme for Mn2+ coupled with the increased affinity for substrates indicates that Mn2+ is the preferred cofactor in vitro. With either Mg2+ or Mn2+ as cation, the velocity malate saturation curves in the absence of effectors are complex at pH 7.45, indicating varying combinations of apparent positive and negative cooperative behavior. Greater initial positive cooperative behavior between malate binding sites is observed with Mg2+ as cation. The enzyme appears to be equally sensitive to inhibition by the allosteric inhibitors reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxaloacetic acid (OAA) in the presence of either cation, but the interaction between malate binding sites, in the presence of effectors, varies significantly with the choice of metal cofactor. The inhibitor NADH increases the interaction between malate binding sites in the presence of Mn2+ but has little effect on subunit interaction in the presence of Mg2+. The inhibitor OAA increases the interaction between malate binding sites in the presence of both cations, with increased positive cooperativity observed with Mn2+ but increased negative cooperativity with Mg2+. The kinetic data can be explained by a model involving sequential ligand-induced conformational changes of the enzyme, resulting in a mixture of apparent positive and negative cooperative behavior. Alternative explanations involving different classes of noninteracting binding sites or different enzyme forms are also considered. The metal cofactors, Mg2+ and Mn2+, appear to stabilize two distinct conformational states of the enzyme which differ in response to varying substrate and effector concentrations. Altered conformational states of the enzyme in the presence of the two cations are further substantiated by proteolytic digestion studies with the homogeneous enzyme. The results are strikingly similar to previous results reported on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent malic enzyme and the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, supporting the suggestion that metal cofactors function as regulatory entities. PMID- 7016177 TI - Steady-state kinetics and inhibition studies of the aldol condensation reaction catalyzed by bovine liver and Escherichia coli 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase. AB - Two sensitive assays, one which fluorometrically measures only the L isomer of 2 keto-4-hydroxyglutarate after decarboxylation to L-malate and the other which spectrophotometrically determines both enantiomers by reductive amination with glutamate dehydrogenase, are described. By use of these assays, the steady-state kinetics of the aldol condensation of pyruvate with glyoxylate, as catalyzed by 2 keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase from either bovine liver or Escherichia coli, were studied as was the inhibition of this reaction by glyoxylate and other anions. For the E. coli aldolase, double-reciprocal plots are linear except at high (above 5 mM) glyoxylate concentrations; apparent Km values increase with increasing concentrations of the fixed substrate. The data are consistent with an ordered reaction sequence. Inhibition by halides follows the lyotropic or Hofmeister series. Esters are not good inhibitors; mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids are increasingly inhibitory. Of the substrate analogues tested, hydroxypyruvate is the most potent inhibitor. Inhibition studies with citrate, acetaldehyde, and glyoxylate (all competitive inhibitors) suggest there are two domains at the active site-the Schiff base forming lysyl residue which interacts with carbonyl analogues (like acetaldehyde) and a center of positive charge which binds anions (like citrate). In contrast to the bacterial enzyme, liver 2-keto-4 hydroxyglutarate aldolase is inhibited in a competitive manner by much lower concentrations (0.1 mM or even lower) of glyoxylate. Many salts and some carboxylic acids activate the liver enzyme. Similarly, substrate analogues like 2 ketobutyrate and fluoropyruvate are mild activators; no effect is seen with acetaldehyde. Besides glyoxylate, only glyoxal, 2-ketoglutarate, and hydroxypyruvate inhibit the aldol condensation reaction. A uniform value of 1 is found for the number of inhibitor molecules bound per active site of either liver or E. coli 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase. PMID- 7016179 TI - Lodish model and regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by insulin-deficient chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - The production of ribosomal proteins in chick embryo fibroblasts that have been deprived of insulin is depressed in a much greater degree than that of most or all other cell proteins. Previous observations ruled out explanations for the preferential decrease in ribosomal protein formation that depend upon a selective destruction of ribosomal protein messages or a regulatory role for nascent ribosomal ribonucleic acid. The proposition has now been examined that ribosomal protein messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hormone-deficient chick embryo cells have a lower affinity for a limiting, early acting component of the initiating machinery than do most other cell messages and, in consequence, suffer from a translational disadvantage. The approach that was used depends upon the findings of Lodish and others that all mRNAs are not initiated with equal ease, that inhibitors of elongation favor the initiation of low-affinity mRNAs, and that agents that dampen an early step in initiation discriminate against the low affinity messages. The idea was tested by comparing the effects of various inhibitors on the rates of synthesis of total cell protein and individual nonribosomal proteins, on the one hand, with those of individual ribosomal proteins, on the other. The results fit the Lodish model and are consistent with the conclusions that ribosomal protein mRNAs are more poorly initiated in the resulting fibroblasts than are most or all other cell messages and that this condition is largely or entirely responsible for the low rate of ribosomal protein formation. PMID- 7016182 TI - Characterization of the slow steps in the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase. PMID- 7016180 TI - Covalent structure of collagen: amino acid sequence of alpha 1(III)-CB9 from type III collagen of human liver. AB - The peptide alpha 1(III)-CB9 was prepared and purified from human liver, and its amino acid sequence was determined. Automated Edman degradation of the intact peptide and peptides derived from selective cleavage with hydroxylamine and digestions with trypsin, thermolysin, and Staph V8 protease enabled determination of the complete amino acid sequence. The peptide alpha 1(III)-CB9 represents the COOH terminus of the helical (pepsin-resistant) portion of type III collagen and terminates in a Cys-Cys sequence responsible for the intramolecular disulfide cross-linkages with other chains. The present work completes the entire amino acid sequence of the helical (pepsin-resistant) portion of human cirrhotic liver type III collagen consisting of peptides alpha 1-(III)-CB3-7-6-1-8-10-2-4-5-9. The COOH terminus of human liver alpha 1(III) contained two additional triplets which, together with the extra triplet at the NH2 terminus in alpha 1(III)-CB3, make the helical portion of type III collagen longer than alpha 1(I) by nine residues (three Gly-X-Y triplets). The helical region of human liver type III collagen, therefore, consists of 1023 amino acids or 341 triplets. PMID- 7016183 TI - Kinetic models for the electron donors of photosystem II of photosynthesis. PMID- 7016181 TI - Nucleoside 5'-[gamma-S]triphosphates will initiate transcription in isolated yeast nuclei. AB - Transcription was carried out in isolated nuclei by endogenous ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase in the presence of nucleoside 5'-[gamma-S]triphosphates. The resulting 5'-gamma-thiophosphate on the synthesized RNA allows separation of in vitro initiated RNA from bulk RNA. Analysis of this in vitro initiated RNA shows that 5S RNA and pre-tRNA are initiated in vitro by RNA polymerase III. Yeast RNA polymerase III also reinitiates discrete distribution of RNA species as large as 28 S. The RNA populations initiated with adenosine 5'-[gamma-S]triphosphate and guanosine 5'-[gamma-S]triphosphate are different. PMID- 7016185 TI - The stability of liposomes in vitro to pH, bile salts and pancreatic lipase. AB - If liposomes are to be effective as carriers for the oral administration of insulin they must be able to withstand passage through the stomach and small intestine. Multilamellar liposomes, some identical in composition to those used in reported in vivo studies on the uptake of orally administered insulin, were tested in vitro for their stability in the presence of bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and variations in pH. While low or high pH had little effect on most liposomes, 10 mM bile salts caused the release of over 80% of entrapped marker from all liposomes tested except those composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol and those composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol/dicetylphosphate. However, the latter were unstable at low pH. The distearoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes were also resistant to pancreatic lipase, and therefore may be suitable for use in the oral administration of therapeutic agents. PMID- 7016184 TI - Acyl phosphatidylglycerol of Escherichia coli. AB - Acyl phosphatidylglycerol, isolated from Escherichia coli, has been identified as 3-sn-phosphatidyl-1'-(3'-acyl)-sn-glycerol. The fatty acids of the diacylglycerol moiety of acyl phosphatidylglycerol resemble those of phosphatidylglycerol in composition. However, the monoacylglycerol moiety of this lipid contains more unsaturated fatty acids than the diacylglycerol part of this lipid or other phospholipids in E. coli. Furthermore, the fatty acids present in the monoacylglycerol moiety, were found to contain major amounts of an unsaturated acid identified as 7-tetradecenoic acid by combined gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. This acid was present only in low concentrations in most phospholipids of E. coli. PMID- 7016187 TI - The reaction center profile structure derived from neutron diffraction. AB - Both reaction center protein from the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and egg phosphatidylcholine can be deuterium labelled; the reaction center protein can be incorporated into the phosphatidylcholine bilayers forming a homogeneous population of unilamellar vesicles. The lipid profile and the reaction center profile within these reconstituted membrane profiles were directly determined to 32 A resolution using lamellar neutron diffraction from oriented membrane multilayers containing either deuterated or protonated reaction centers, and either deuterated or protonated phosphatidylcholine. The 32 A resolution reaction center profile shows that the protein spans the membranes, and has an asymmetric mass distribution along the perpendicular to the membrane plane. These results were combined with previously described X-ray diffraction results in order to extend the resolution of the derived reaction center profile to 9 A. PMID- 7016186 TI - Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on sterol biosynthesis in yeast. AB - Lipid-depleted yeast, grown anaerobically, contains only very low amounts of sterols. The hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, the regulatory enzyme of sterol synthesis in yeast, is also low. Aeration of such cells in a buffer containing a carbon source induces hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and increases sterol synthesis. The velocity of the increase depends on the carbon source present during the aeration period. Glucose and sugars that are easily converted to glucose were found to be most effective. A supplement of unsaturated fatty acids during anaerobic growth causes a several-fold greater velocity of the enzyme induction and of sterol biosynthesis. Linolenic acid (30 microM) accelerated sterol biosynthesis about 7-fold. Activities of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, which are involved in the conversion of galactose to glucose, increased several-fold in the supplemented cells within 6 h of aeration, concomitantly with stimulation of sterol synthesis from galactose. It is suggested that the stimulation of enzyme induction and sterol biosynthesis in fatty acid supplemented cells is due to a completion of the protein-synthesizing apparatus during cell growth. A markedly enhanced capacity of these cells to incorporate leucine into acid-precipitable protein supports this assumption. PMID- 7016188 TI - Light-harvesting systems of brown algae and diatoms. Isolation and characterization of chlorophyll a/c and chlorophyll a/fucoxanthin pigment-protein complexes. AB - The present study examined the protein associations and energy transfer characteristics of chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin which are the major light harvesting pigments in the brown and diatomaceous algae. It was demonstrated that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-solubilized photosynthetic membranes of these species when subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded three spectrally distinct pigment-protein complexes. The slowest migrating zone was identical to complex I, the SDS-altered form of the P-700 chlorophyll a-protein. The zone of intermediate mobility contained chlorophyll c and chlorophyll a in a molar ratio of 2 : 1, possessed no fucoxanthin, and showed efficient energy transfer from chlorophyll c to chlorophyll a. The fastest migrating pigment protein zone contained fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a, possessed no chlorophyll c, and showed efficient energy transfer from fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a. It is demonstrated that the chlorophyll a/c-protein and the chlorophyll a/fucoxanthin protein complexes are common to the brown algae and diatoms examined, and likely share similar roles in the photosynthetic units of these species. PMID- 7016189 TI - Chemical, physicochemical and spectrophotometric properties of crystalline chlorophyll-protein complexes from Lepidium virginicum L. AB - Two kinds of water-soluble chlorophyll-protein complexes were prepared from leaves of Lepidium virginicum L., one (CP661) from the plant cultivated in a green house from seeds collected near Mono Lake, CA, and the other (CP-663) from a plant collected at Narashino, Chiba, Japan, by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200. The chlorophyll . proteins were further purified by crystallization. CP661 has absorption peaks at 661, 468, 439, 419, 380, 339 and 272 nm. CP663 had absorption peaks at 663, 469, 438, 419, 379, 338 and 272 nm. Estimated molecular weights were 78 000 for CP661 and 80 000 for CP663 by gel filtration chromatography and 83 000 for CP661 and 107 000 for CP663 by an equilibrium sedimentation method. 1 mol chlorophyll . protein contained 4 mol chlorophyll a and b with ratios of 1.0 in CP661 and 1.6 to 1.9 in CP663, but no carotenoids. These characters are different from those of chlorophyll-protein complexes which are prepared from the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts with detergents. PMID- 7016190 TI - Hexane-solubilised reaction centre proteolipid complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Reaction centres from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, strain R-26, have been solubilised in hexane by the use of phospholipids and cations. Two procedures have been developed: (I) a two-step technique involving the formation of detergent-free proteoliposomes from detergent solubilised reaction centres and phospholipids and mixing these with hexane in the present of cations; (II) directly sonicating detergent-solubilised reaction centres with phospholipids before mixing with hexane and cations. The yield of the extracted complex varied with the ratios of protein, phospholipid and cations, species of phospholipid, and sonication time. The spectral characteristics of the complex in the organic phase were similar to those of detergent-solubilised reaction centres. The stability of the reaction centres appeared to be dependent on the presence of phospholipid land water in the hexane. The usefulness of the hexane solution as a model membrane system is discussed and its possible future applications are considered. PMID- 7016191 TI - The affinity of bacterial polysaccharide-containing fractions for mammalian cell membranes and its relationship to immunopotentiating activity. AB - The natural affinity of various bacterial glycopeptides and lipopolysaccharides for mammalian cell membranes was estimated quantitatively by comparison with the adsorption of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli NCTC 8623 to erythrocytes, thymocytes, bone marrow cells, spleen cells, peritoneal lymphocytes and macrophages. Immunopotentiating activity was estimated by measuring the ability of the bacterial fractions to stimulate a humoral response to ovalbumin in HAM/1CR mice. When the affinity for mammalian cell membranes was compared with the stimulation of the antibody response, it was found that a negative correlation for peritoneal macrophages (rs = -0.94, P less than 0.0005) and a positive correlation for peritoneal lymphocytes (rs = +0.97, P less than 0.0005) and spleen cells (rs = +0.76, P less than 0.005) existed. PMID- 7016192 TI - Membrane potentials in yeast cells measured by direct and indirect methods. AB - The membrane potential, delta psi, of various yeasts estimated from the distribution of tetraphenylphosphonium cations ranged from -50 to -120 mV, depending on species, incubation conditions and technique of measurement. Values obtained directly with a microelectrode in Endomyces magnusii were consistently lower than those determined indirectly. PMID- 7016193 TI - Proteolytic degradation of low density lipoproteins by arterial smooth muscle cells: the role of individual cathepsins. AB - Low density lipoproteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A study has therefore been made of their proteolytic degradation by homogenates of cultured smooth muscle cells from the pig aorta. The pH optimum of proteolysis of 125I-labelled low density lipoproteins was 4.25, thus suggesting the involvement of lysosomal cathepsins. Proteolysis at acid pH started to become saturated at low density lipoprotein concentrations of approx. 20 microgram of protein/ml, but did not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. After a lag period of approx. 10 min, proteolytic degradation was linear with time up to at least 4 h incubation, but showed a sigmoidal relationship with homogenate concentration. When cathepsin D was inhibited by pepstatin, the proteolysis of 125I-labeled low density lipoproteins was inhibited by more than 90%, whereas when cathepsin B was inhibited by leupeptin, the rate of proteolysis decreased by approx. 50%. Antipain, which inhibits both cathepsins A and B, did not inhibit proteolysis any more than leupeptin, thus suggesting a minor role, if any, for cathepsin A. a combination of pepstatin and either leupeptin or antipain inhibited proteolysis completely. Cathepsins B and D acted synergistically in the degradation of 125I-labelled low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7016195 TI - Possible functional roles of carboxyl and histidine residues in a soluble thiamine-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The reaction of a soluble thiamine-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, at pH 4.5, results in a remarkable loss of its binding activity with thiamine. Thiamine above 0.1 mM substantially protects the protein against this inactivation. In addition to 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, the thiamine-binding protein is also inactivated by diethylpyrocarbonate. The inactivation is time-dependent and follows second-order kinetics. Restoration of the binding activity by incubation of inactivated protein with hydroxylamine was observed. thiamine and pyrithiamine are effective to prevent the inactivation. From these results it is strongly suggested that both the carboxyl and the histidine residues in the protein are involved in the binding site for thiamine. It is proposed that the binding involves interactions between charged groups on the protein with the quaternary nitrogen of the thiazolium moiety and with the basic ring nitrogen of the pyrimidine moiety in thiamine molecule. PMID- 7016194 TI - Structure of tetanus toxin: the arrangement of papain digestion products within the heavy chain-light chain framework of extracellular toxin. AB - Upon digestion with papain, single chain intracellular tetanus toxin was completely converted to the extracellular form of the toxin, which consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains (heavy chain and light chain of tetanus toxin). A portion of the material was degraded further by papain to yield the two major protein fragments, B and C, respectively, previously identified after digesting extracellular tetanus toxin with this enzyme. Thus it may be concluded that the order of release of these of these fragments from the intracellular toxin does not provide a clue as to their position within the original molecule. However, N-terminal analysis of the two fragments in conjunction with recent N terminal data on tetanus toxin itself clearly indicated that fragment B of tetanus toxin contains the light chain polypeptide and the N-terminal portion of the heavy chain, whereas fragment C is derived from the C-terminal portion of the heavy chain. PMID- 7016196 TI - Inhibitory effect of metal ions on alkaline mesentericopeptidase. AB - The effect of AG+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ on the activity of alkaline mesentericopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.-) has been studied. Ag+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were found to be reversible non-competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The pH dependence of Ki for Ag+-inhibition is sigmoidal with a pKa near 6. The Kilim values, calculated for the pH-independent region of the metal-enzyme inhibition, are close to the corresponding dissociation constants of metal-imidazole complexes, thus implying that the inhibitory effect of metal ions on enzyme activity is due to complex formation with the imidazole group of the active site histidine. The method of the two-component inhibition showed that Cu2+ and Ag+ bind to the same ligand of the enzyme molecule. The addition of Cu2+ decreases the rate of deacylation of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl valerate, catalyzed by alkaline mesentericopeptidase in contrast to alpha-chymotrypsin where the acylation step is affected. PMID- 7016197 TI - A simple ferrochelatase assay. PMID- 7016198 TI - [A serine proteinase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, strain INMI-4a]. AB - A serine proteinase was isolated from the cultural filtrate of the thermophylic actinomycet Thermoactinomycet vulgaris, strain INMI-4a. The purification procedure included affinity chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose, ion-exchange separation on aminosilochrome, and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-25, resulting in a 194-fold purification and the 55% yield of the enzyme. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Na-SDS as well as by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 is equal to 28 000; the amino acid composition is: Lys11, His4, Arg5, Asp33, Thr22, Ser24, Glu16, Pro16, Gly30, Ala38, Cys1-2, Val20, Met1, Ile14, Leu8, Tyr16, The4, Trp6-7. The isoelectric point lies at pH 8--9; the pH optimum for the peptide substrate hydrolysis is Z-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Leu-pNA is at 8.2. The enzyme is stable at pH 7--9. The temperature optimum of the proteolytic activity lies at 55 degrees; however, the enzyme is stable to heating for 1 h at 37 degrees. The proteinase is completely inactivated by the serine proteinase specific inhibitors- phenylmethylsulphofluoride and the protein inhibitor IT-AjT from Actinomyces, as well as by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme shows lytic activity against the cells of E. coli, Micrococcus lysodeicticus and of the yeasts. The Thermoactinomyces vulgaris serine proteinase, being definitely different from the serine proteinases from Actinomyces griseus, also reveals specific differences when compared to bacterial serine proteinases, e. g. subtilisins. There are some indications to the enzyme relationship with the family of carboxypeptidase Y-like serine proteinases. PMID- 7016200 TI - [Insulin-receptor interaction of plasma membranes of liver cells and isolated adipocytes of the rat with different insulin content in the blood]. AB - Study on the insulin--receptor interaction of the plasma membranes of liver cells demonstrated a reverse dependence of insulin concentration in the blood and the number of insulin-binding sites on the membranes. Using isolated adipocytes, it was shown that at a constant number of receptors the receptor density is changed. These changes are correlated with the decrease of biological effects in experimental obesity accompanied by hyperinsulinism. In the case of streptosotocin diabetes (simulated hypoinsulinism) no correlation between insulin binding and its biological effects was observed, which can be accounted for by disturbances in transmission of the signal from the insulin--receptor complex to the enzymatic systems of the cells. PMID- 7016201 TI - [Isolation and properties of maltase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-II]. AB - Maltase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-II was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and isoelectric focusing. The purification procedure resulted in two enzyme isoforms with pI of 5.35 and 5.3 and identical specific activities. The molecular weights of the isoforms as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 are 60 000 and 55 000, respectively. Both isoforms were electrophoretically polydisperse. The maltase isoforms are glycoproteins containing 1.5-2% of glucosamine and 5-8% (isoform A) and 2-3% (isoform B) of neutral sugars. Using paper chromatography and glucose oxidase, it was shown that glucose is an indispensable constituent of neutral sugars in both isoforms. PMID- 7016199 TI - [Heterogeneity of DNA-methylases from Escherichia coli CK cells]. AB - The existence of five DNA methylases, differing in their specificity towards the methylated sequence, in the cells of E. coli CK has been demonstrated. Two enzymes methylate cytosine to form 5'-methylcytosine, while three enzymes methylate adenine to form 6'-methylaminopurine. A method consisting in simultaneous isolation of five individual enzymes, which involves gel-filtration of the protein fraction with 0.3-0.6 M ammonium sulfate on Biogel A-05AM, is proposed. PMID- 7016202 TI - [Principle of the functional coordination of the central and peripheral neural apparatus in the parasympathetic regulation of the work of the heart]. PMID- 7016203 TI - Surface proteins and glycoproteins of ejaculated bovine spermatozoa. I. Iodination and proteolytic digestion. PMID- 7016204 TI - Hydroxyapatite as a bone substitute in the jaws. AB - Densely sintered calcium hydroxyapatite has previously been shown to be biocompatible and stable. Its possible role in jaw surgery was investigated using a clinically analogous animal model. The apatite was implanted into the mandible of twelve dogs for 12 weeks, and the healing assessed radiologically and histologically. The new bone which was deposited directly onto the surface of the implants bonded them firmly to the adjacent tissues. There was no fibrous tissue between implant and bone. This material appears to be a suitable substitute for autogenous bone when used as inert 'space filler' in maxillo-facial surgical procedures. PMID- 7016205 TI - The response to the intramuscular implantation of pure metals. AB - Discs of five high-purity metals, cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminium and lead have been implanted intramuscularly in rats and the response observed histologically for period up to 52 weeks. A reproducible but different response was observed with each metal. Whenever corrosion occurred, as with copper, nickel and some cobalt specimens, the implants became loose. In the absence of corrosion, the implants were firmly held within a more confined capsule. A minimal response was seen with lead, implying normally toxic metals do elicit an immune response whilst some, especially copper and nickel appear to render the host more susceptible to disease. The implants appear to have a profound effect on the immediate vasculature, are able to cause a prolonged polymorphonuclear response in the same way as bacteria, are associated with varying amounts of haemosiderin laden macrophages but not with giant cells. The animals appear to be able to deal with bacteria introduced at surgery without hindrance from the metal. PMID- 7016206 TI - Effect of prostaglandin I2 on platelet adhesion. AB - The adherence of platelets to collagen fibrils was not affected by prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) applied in a wide concentration range (0.1-100 ng/ml). The retention of platelets on glass beads which includes adhesion as well as subsequent clumping of platelets was, however, greatly reduced at PGI2 concentrations higher than 0.5 ng/ml. The results suggest that PGI2 even at high concentration does not interfere with the primary process of platelet adhesion, i.e., with the formation of a monocellular platelet layer on collagen fibrils and artificial surfaces, but it inhibits clumping of further platelets to this layer and prevents subsequent platelet thrombus formation. PMID- 7016207 TI - [Skeletal system gluing: adhesives, 50 years of surgical aids. Part 1. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016208 TI - [In-vitro fatigue test results and hemolysis of a flexible leaflet valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016209 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the effects of new nitrosourea derivatives on proliferation of EMT 6 tumor cells "in vitro". AB - Examined by flow cytofluorometric analysis, the DNA distribution of EMT 6 tumor cells was highly perturbed after one hour of in vitro incubation with: RPCNU, RFCNU, chlorozotocin (CZT) or 185 (CNCC), four new nitrosourea derivatives. After the treatment with chlorozotocin (20 micrograms/ml) and CNCC (50 micrograms/ml), most of cells were in G2 + M phase and this accumulation lasted more than 48 hours without any restoration before 72 hours. RPCNU (20 micrograms/ml) and RFCNU (50 and 65 micrograms/ml) induced and accumulation of cells in G2 + M phase during 24 hours. The normal state was regained after 48 hours. These reduced rate of progression of the cells through S phase and the G2 block observed after exposure to the new compounds, should, in part, explain their antitumoral activity. PMID- 7016211 TI - Primary structure of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase: mass spectrometric studies. PMID- 7016210 TI - Model of serine proteases charge relay system -- PCILO study. AB - The PCILO (Perturbative Configuration Interaction Using Localized Orbitals) method had been used to determine the electronic structure of the active center of serine proteases. The results show that the carboxyl group of the aspartic acid residue is the ultimate proton acceptor of the catalytic triad (Asp, His, Ser)-. In the absence of a substrate the negative charge of the active centre is delocalized, causing polarization of the Ser O gamma-H bond and an increase of the nucleophilicity of imidazole His. The hydration of the model charge relay system is also investigated. PMID- 7016212 TI - Cisplatin: chemistry, distribution and biotransformation. AB - A review of the use of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy in humans is presented. The emphasis is placed on the chemistry, in vivo distribution and biotransformation of this agent. The existing literature pertinent to the physicochemical properties of cisplatin and structure activity relationships of platinum coordination complexes is reviewed. The chemistry of this drug, both in aqueous media and in biological systems is discussed as well as current analytical methodology used for monitoring 'cisplatin levels' in biological fluids. Recent advances in analytical methodology specific for cisplatin are also presented and recent findings in the area of the possible biotransformations of this important anticancer agent are discussed. PMID- 7016213 TI - The concentrations of cephalosporins in tissue fluid of rats with localized infection. AB - Rats implanted with multiperforated subcutaneous plastic capsules were used as a model for study of the penetration of four cephalosporins into sites infected with Escherichia coli. The concentrations of the antibiotics were determined in uninfected and infected cages microbiologically up to 4 h after treatment. All four cephalosporins entered infected capsules faster than the control ones and the peak concentrations were attained 30-60 min earlier. The clearance of the antibiotics from infected capsules was faster than from uninfected ones, probably due to inactivation by microbial beta-lactamase(s). Serum protein binding may account for differences in the penetration rate of cephalosporins, but serum level and serum half-time seem to contribute to their kinetic profile in tissue fluid. PMID- 7016214 TI - The morphogenesis of the middle and external ear. PMID- 7016215 TI - Pathoembryology of the middle ear. PMID- 7016216 TI - Ontogenic aspects of mammalian inner ear development. PMID- 7016217 TI - Cytogenetic evidence for the clonal nature of Richter's syndrome. AB - Sequential chromosome studies were done on a patient who developed diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) after a long history of untreated chronic T-cell leukemia. During the indolent phase of her disease, a pseudodiploid lymphocyte population with 3q+ and 14q+ chromosome markers gradually replaced the originally diploid tumor cells. The karyotype of the lymphoma was hypertriploid (70--74 chromosomes) with the same 3q+ and 14q+ markers. The findings indicate that DHL in this patient evolved from the leukemic T-cell clone. PMID- 7016218 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma of T-cell versus B-cell origin: I. Clinical features. AB - Within the Lukes-Collins classification system of malignant lymphoma, a tumor of large transformed lymphocytes, termed immunoblastic sarcoma (IBS), is described. This morphological type would have been included within the "histiocytic" category of Rappaport. Immunoblastic sarcoma may be of B-lymphocytic or T lymphocytic origin. Since differences or similarities of these two variants have not yet been described, we reviewed the case histories of 35 such patients, all of whom had immunologic marker studies performed. Nineteen patients had T-cell IBS (T-IBS), whereas 16 had B-cell IBS (B-IBS). Median age for both groups was approximately 50 yr. A history of prior immune disorder was found in 31% of B-IBS and 16% of T-IBS cases. Prior lymphoproliferative malignancy was noted in 21% of T-IBS and 13% of B-IBS patients. All T-IBS patients first presented because of lymphadenopathy, whereas 56% of B-IBS cases initially presented because of extranodal disease. Systemic "B" symptoms were common in both. Similarly, most patients had widespread disease (stage III or IV) at diagnosis. Clinically suspected hepatic (p = 0.05) and retroperitoneal node (p = 0.01) involvement were more often found in T-IBS. Forty-one percent of T-IBS patients demonstrated polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, a finding seen in no B-IBS patient (p = 0.02). Although not statistically significant because of small numbers of patients, data on therapy and survival suggest that IBS of B-cell type may be successfully treated with aggressive, multiagent chemotherapy, while alternative approaches appear warranted in T-cell disease. PMID- 7016219 TI - Mini-plasminogen: a mechanism for leukocyte modulation of plasminogen activation by urokinase. AB - Urokinase activation of blood fibrinolysis involves polymorphonuclear leukocytes. To determine if a leukocyte proteinase can modulate plasminogen activation, plasminogen was digested with leukocyte elastase. A major product was a small, approximately 34,000 dalton fragment (mini-plasminogen), without lysine-binding function, but with fibrin-binding activity. After urokinase activation, the resulting mini-plasmin had amidolytic activity for a tripeptide plasmin substrate and fibrinolytic activity. By 125I-fibrin assay, activities of mini-plasmin and plasmin (12 nmole/liter) were 38 and 20 ng fibrin lysed/min, respectively. Lysis times of fibrin clots containing urokinase, and mini-plasminogen or plasminogen (800 nmole/liter), were 282 and 290 sec, respectively. Mini-plasmin and plasmin were inhibited similarly by epsilon-aminocaproic acid and normal plasma, but differed in responses to gel filtration fractions of plasma containing alpha 2 antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, the primary and secondary plasmin inhibitors. With purified inhibitors, mini-plasmin required higher concentrations of, or longer preincubation with, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and lower concentrations of, or shorter preincubation with, alpha 2-macroglobulin, to produce inhibition equivalent to that observed with plasmin. Leukocyte elastase digests plasminogen to generate a mini-plasminogen which, when activated by urokinase, has a novel pattern of response to the major plasmin inhibitors in plasma. PMID- 7016220 TI - Impaired B-lymphocyte reactivity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin-lymphomas. AB - The generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was studied in patients with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The experiments revealed that the majority of the patients in both groups had greatly diminished responses of their peripheral B-lymphocytes. Whereas in NHL patients an intrinsic B-cell defect is the most likely explanation for the impaired B-cell reactivity, the situation in HD appears to be more complex. In some patients with an active stage of the disease, suppressor cells were found to cause the unresponsiveness: in other patients, an intrinsic B-cell defect as well as a defect of the T helper cells were responsible for the diminished responses. The results further suggest that the immune defect in patients with HD is reversible and can be corrected by therapy. PMID- 7016221 TI - [Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of upper respiratory and digestive tract carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - The authors set out in detail the conditions for which adjuvant chemotherapy is used in the treatment of carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. The conditions are at the same time of a theoretical (natural history as shown by cell kinetics) and of a practical (general physical state) nature. They evaluate 34 randomised therapeutic trials and 14 phase II trials: chemotherapy given either before, during or after radiotherapy. They finally draw several conclusions concerning the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 7016222 TI - [Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in inoperable squamous cell lung cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen patients with inoperable squamous cell lung cancer were treated by a protocol combining multiple chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy with Adriamycine, Vinblastine, Cyclophamide, Methotrexate and Cis-platinum was administered every month, followed by two radiotherapy sessions with doses of mediastinum. Six cycles were programmed. In 11 non-metastatic patients, 8 responses were obtained (4 objective remissions). Three developed distant metastases. However, mean survival (27 weeks) and 1 year survival (2/10) rates were disappointing. Multiple chemotherapy could be useful in decreasing tumoral size before radiotherapy, modalities of combined treatment should be studied. PMID- 7016223 TI - [Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy in breast cancer: a retrospective study of 406 patients (author's transl)]. AB - This analysis includes 406 patients who entered a controlled and stratified study of adjuvant chemotherapy after total mastectomy preceded (177 pts) or followed (229 pts) by breast radiotherapy. Negative lymph node (NO) patients (stage I or II) were randomized between no treatment or alkeran (600 mg/m2 x 5 days every 6 weeks). Out of 92 patients 2 relapses in each arm were observed. Relapse free survival at 4 years is 91%. For patients with one to three positive lymph nodes, there is not difference between alkeran and the combination of Vinblastine, Thiotepa, Methotrexate and 5 Fu (VTMF). Relapse free survival at 4 years is 78% for alkeran and 70% for VTMF. For patients with more than 3 positive lymph nodes there is no difference between cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5 Fu (CMF) and CMF VP (Vincristine and Prednisone). We observe no difference between menopausal and other patients. Among the 49 relapses, 5 were local recurrences. The sites of distant metastasis were bone (24 pts), liver (10 pts), lung (9 pts). Advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy is not proved for NO patients. In the other categories, the optimal strategy of chemotherapy with or without hormonotherapy is still to be established. PMID- 7016224 TI - [Inflammatory breast carcinoma treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Results of a randomized trial studying the therapeutic role of an immunotherapy with BCG (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-seven patients with inflammatory breast carcinoma were included in a randomized trial between march 1977 and september 1979. All patients were treated with the same association of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy included adriamycin on day 1 (45 mg/m2), vincristine on day 2(1,2 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide on days 3, 4 and 5 (400 mg/m2/day) and 5 fluoro-uracil on days 3, 4, and 5 (500 mg/m2/day). Each course of chemotherapy was repeated every 28 days for one year. Patients were then given a maintenance course of chemotherapy for one year. Radiation therapy with CO60 was applied after 4 courses of intensive chemotherapy. The dose distributed was 70 Gy over seven weeks. During radiation therapy, chemotherapy was administered according the same scheme, but adriamycin was excluded. All the patients were randomly distributed into two groups before treatment: group I patients received chemotherapy and radiation therapy alone; group II patients received chemotherapy and radiation therapy plus living BCG vaccinations. After chemotherapy, inflammatory manifestations disappeared in 51% of cases. The mean of disease-free interval was 26 months and the overall survival mean 34 months. No difference in favor of the BCG treated group was noted. Lymph node involvement, age, hormonal status, response to tuberculin, and disappearance of inflammatory signs after 4 months of chemotherapy are of insignificant prognostic value. PMID- 7016227 TI - The pace of prosthetics development relative to general technical progress: faster than a sabre jet. PMID- 7016225 TI - [Chemotherapy-selective nodal irradiation in Hodgkin's disease clinical stages IA IIIB. Results of a prospective clinical trial including 334 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016226 TI - [Comparison of survival curves: Logrank test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016228 TI - The upper limb: neck pain with radiation. PMID- 7016229 TI - Dilemmas in the management of functioning pituitary tumours. PMID- 7016230 TI - Chondrodermal graft reconstruction of the lower eyelid. AB - A method of reconstruction of the lower eyelid is described, using a post auricular composite graft of skin and cartilage. It is a relatively simple one stage operation. The cartilage replaces the missing tarsal plate and supports the overlying skin. Clinical observations confirm a remarkable nutritional relationship between the overlying soft tissues and the underlying cartilage. This technique has important potential applications elsewhere in the body. PMID- 7016231 TI - A new technique of skin grafting using Steri-Greffe and a self-adhering foam pad. PMID- 7016233 TI - A large bowel lymphoma complicating renal transplantation. PMID- 7016232 TI - Further studies on 5-hydroxytryptamine transport in pancreatic islets and isolated beta-cells. AB - 1 The transport mechanism for (3)H-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in isolated pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob mice was further characterized.2 Isolated beta-cells accumulated 5-HT to the same degree and with the same Na(+) dependence as whole islets.3 Imipramine inhibited the uptake in a concentration dependent way.4 Reserpine did not affect the uptake or efflux rates.5 Glucose stimulation of insulin secretion did not affect the uptake rate.6 It is concluded that the observed islet uptake of [(3)H]-5-HT represents an intracellular accumulation by the beta-cells. Mechanisms at the level of the plasma membrane may be rate-limiting for this process. PMID- 7016234 TI - Heating techniques in hyperthermia. I. Introduction and assessment of techniques. PMID- 7016235 TI - Heating techniques in hyperthermia. II. Non-ionizing electromagnetic waves. PMID- 7016236 TI - Heating techniques in hyperthermia. III. Ultrasound. PMID- 7016237 TI - Vesicoureteric reflux following renal transplantation: a simple method of ureteric implantation. AB - We have used a simple method of ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplant patients. This entails a no-tunnel "drop-in" with a long free segment protruding into the bladder lumen. The incidence of vesicoureteric reflux was investigated in 81 transplant patients who had a follow-up period ranging from 4 months to 15 years (mean 3.7 years); 29 of these patients had recurrent urinary tract infections. Micturating cystography demonstrated reflux in 6 patients (7.4%). In these 6 patients the presence of reflux had no deleterious effect on renal function and the infections were easily controlled with long-term antibiotics. In the 52 patients without injury infection no reflux was demonstrated. The conclusions based on this study indicate that (1) in the absence of recurrent infection there are no indications for micturating cystography and (2) this method of ureteroneocystostomy is expedient and has a low incidence of reflux. PMID- 7016238 TI - Comparison of cephazolin and gentamicin in the prophylactic treatment of infection in out-patient urinary tract endoscopy. AB - Previous studies have shown that the incidence of rigors following urinary tract endoscopy in out-patients may be as high as 16% and that this incidence can be significantly lowered to about 7% by the administration of intramuscular cephazolin sodium at the time of endoscopy. In order to reduce further the rigor rate, a comparison of intramuscular cephazolin with gentamicin has been carried out with 200 patients in each group. There was a rigor rate correlation between an infected urine and the occurrence of a rigor. Cephazolin sodium remains the drug of choice in this situation because of its low toxicity. PMID- 7016239 TI - The clinical course in patients with renal carcinoma subjected to extracorporeal immunoadsorption. AB - The clinical course in 4 patients with renal carcinoma stages II, III or IV subjected to periods of extracorporeal immunoadsorption is reported. By this technique we have previously demonstrated that it is possible to isolate and remove circulating tumour associated antigens from the blood stream. The removal of these antigens should, according to present-day concepts, make it possible to control "antigenic inhibition" and/or "blocking", thus facilitating the immune mediated destruction of residual tumour cells in advanced disease. The clinical course in these patients, however, did not differ from the expected clinical course in other such patients. The failure of extracorporeal immunoadsorption to alter the natural course of the disease may be due either to too large a tumour burden or to the possibility that spontaneous tumours during evolution and progression become independent of immune restrictions. PMID- 7016240 TI - Re-evaluation of viability testing of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. AB - Twenty-three human cadavers kidneys were studied during hypothermic pulsatile perfusion prior to transplantation. The accumulation of laevo-lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, alterations in pH and perfusion flow rate were measured and compared with organ function following transplantation. No parameter measured was found to be an accurate index of potential function. PMID- 7016241 TI - A technique for the measurement of the amount and distribution of chronic gastritis. AB - A technique has been described to measure the amount and distribution of gastritis in whole stomachs or resected partial gastrectomy specimens. At a magnification of X 360, mucosal normality or the predominant form of chronic gastritis was recorded at 0.4-mm intervals. Bar diagrams were prepared of the mucosa at 6-mm intervals. Examples are given of the appearance along the lesser curvature where a large ulcer was present, and after the healing of an ulcer. The technique can also be used for the display of information when only multiple biopsy specimens are available. PMID- 7016242 TI - Treatment of anal fissure by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy should be under general anaesthesia. AB - Seventy-one consecutive patients with acute anal fissure were randomly allocated to treatment by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy under either local anaesthesia (n = 34) or general anaesthesia (n = 37). Four months after treatment there were 18 patients with a recurrent or persistent anal fissure, 17 had had local anaesthesia (50 per cent) and only one had a recurrent fissure after general anaesthesia (3 per cent). These results indicate that if lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is used for treatment of anal fissure the operation should be performed under a general anaesthetic. PMID- 7016243 TI - Tuberculosis in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis and renal transplantation. AB - The difficulty in diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with chronic renal failure or on immunosuppressive therapy is discussed. Anti-tuberculous therapy was required in 19 out of 315 patients who received a renal transplant in the Urology Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, between February 1961 and December 1979. Twelve patients were from overseas. Their management and the effect of anti tuberculous therapy on the immunosuppressed patient were also studied. The disease was treated successfully in 18 patients, even though there were problems with diagnosis. The patient who died had active tuberculosis on post-morten examination. Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who have had tuberculosis in the past and may have received inadequate treatment. PMID- 7016244 TI - To strip or not to strip the long saphenous vein? A varicose veins trial. AB - A double blind controlled trial of surgery for varicose veins was conducted on the legs of patients with bilateral symmetrical varicose veins. The two treatments, saphenofemoral ligation and avulsion of varices, with and without stripping of the long saphenous vein from ankle to groin, were randomly allocated among the legs of individual patients. At follow-up, between 2.5 and 3.5 years, an objective (observer) assessment was that stripping conferred a significant advantage, but the incidence of paraesthesia and pain biased patient's opinion against stripping. PMID- 7016245 TI - Deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective controlled study to determine the prophylactic effect of graded pressure stockings. AB - Graded pressure stockings significantly reduced the incidence of venographically determined deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total hip arthroplasty. Seventy-six patients were studied; the incidence of DVT was 54 per cent in 41 control patients and 20 per cent in 35 patients who wore stockings. Administration of blood during the operation and in the first 24 h after operation, if given in excess of blood loss, was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing DVT. The application of graded pressure stockings and the avoidance of unnecessary perioperative blood transfusion are worth while in the management of total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7016246 TI - Torulopsis glabrata and Candida albicans in female genital infections in the Sudan. AB - Four hundred and seventy Sudanese women with vaginal discharge were investigated for yeast-like fungi. High vaginal specimens were cultured and isolates fully identified according to standard mycological techniques. All patients were married and some were pregnant. Of 138 yeast-like fungi identified, Torulopsis glabrata (34.1%) was the commonest followed by Candida albicans (25.4%) and Candid krusei (14.5%). Differing social and economic factors may be responsible for the higher prevalence of T glabrata in the Sudan. Although its pathogenicity is not well established, its association with vulvovaginitis should not be overlooked. PMID- 7016247 TI - Specificity of the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test. Analysis of results. AB - The automated haemagglutination assay using Treponema pallidum antigen (AMHA-TP) and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test were used to examine 330 163 sera. Reactive results were checked by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. When isolated reactivity or non-reactivity in the AMHA TP test was investigated an estimated margin of error of 0.7% probably wrongly non-reactive and 0.008% presumably false non-reactive results were found. These figures were confirmed by randomised FTA-ABS tests on 504 sera with repeat AMHA TP tests. The latter is therefore still the most reliable and practicable method for mass screening for syphilis. PMID- 7016248 TI - Podophyllin 10% and 25% in the treatment of ano-genital warts. A comparative double-blind study. AB - One hundred and forty male patients with ano-genital warts were randomly allocated to a double-blind study of 10% and 25% podophyllin in tincture of benzoin compound. One hundred and nine patients attended for a three-month period of surveillance. Only 24 (22%) patients were free of warts after having podophyllin treatment alone, 12 each after treatment with 10% and 25% podophyllin. There was no significant difference in the number of applications needed with each treatment. Neither hypersensitivity nor chemical ulceration occurred. PMID- 7016250 TI - Effect of dimetridazole in pigs on the number, antibacterial sensitivity and the transferability of resistance among faecal coliforms. PMID- 7016249 TI - Animal health today--problems of large livestock units. Disease hazards associated with slurry disposal. PMID- 7016251 TI - The efficacy of teat dips of differing persistence on teat skin in preventing intramammary infection by Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli in dry cows. PMID- 7016252 TI - Antibody response of protein-restricted heifers to vaccination with Escherichia coli and passive transfer to their progeny. PMID- 7016253 TI - Immunogenic stability of heat-killed Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7016254 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its association with dementia, parkinsonism and other neurological disorders: a review. PMID- 7016255 TI - Obituary: Theophile Alajouanine (1890-1980). PMID- 7016256 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of galactosyl and sulfogalactosyl ceramide in the brain of the 30-day-old mouse. AB - We have used purified antibodies against galactosylceramide (galCb) and sulfogalactosylceramide (sulf) to study the topographical distribution of these two lipid haptens in the brain of the 30-day-old mouse. This study has been conducted, using the indirect immunofluorescence method, on cerebellum, brain stem and hemispherical tissue sections. Both haptens are present in the myelin sheaths and in the oligodendrocytes within the myelinated bundles. Cortical oligodendrocytes as well as some of the subependymal cells are also galCb positive but sulf-negative. On the contrary, ciliated ependymal cells and subpial astrocytic processes (especially the Bergmann glia fibers in the cerebellum) are sulf-positive and galCb-negative. Astrocyte cell bodies and other astrocytic cell processes are devoid of both haptens. Lastly, some-sulf positive galCb-negative processes, as yet unidentified, were also found in the periaqueductal gray matter and in the nucleus interpeduncularis. PMID- 7016257 TI - Input to the medullary pacemaker nucleus in the weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia (sternopygidae, gymnotiformes). AB - In order to identify which brain centers are involved in the control of electric organ discharge in electric fish, HRP was injected into the medullary electromotor (pacemaker) nucleus in the gymnotoid Eigenmannia. Neurons were retrogradely labeled in only a small nucleus of the mesencephalic tegmentum, herein called the prepacemaker nucleus. The prepacemaker nucleus lies just caudal and ventral to the posterior commissure and comprises at least two types of neurons. PMID- 7016258 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation: mapping against the lateral boundaries of the dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra. AB - The lateral boundaries of the substantia nigra, zona compacta, were mapped for intracranial self-stimulation in rats. The boundaries of the positive region for self-stimulation were found to correspond to the boundaries of the dopaminergic cell layer. These data strengthen the view that rewarding stimulation in this system activates the tegmental dopaminergic cells or, more likely, their immediate afferents. PMID- 7016259 TI - Monoclonal antibody against cell surface glycoprotein of neurons. AB - A monoclonal antibody, named BSP-2, has been produced against glycoproteins extracted from neonatal mouse brain. Its reactivity with live cells established the surface location of the antigen. In primary cultures of dissociated cerebellar cells, the antibody bound to neuronal cell types, but not to astrocytes nor to fibroblasts. Immunoprecipitates prepared with the BSP-2 antibody contained a triplet of high-molecular weight glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 180,000, 140,000 and 120,000. PMID- 7016260 TI - [Our experiences with levamisole treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016261 TI - Coach Tooth and the Tartans. PMID- 7016262 TI - The art of leading a double life. PMID- 7016263 TI - Louisville fan for sixty years. PMID- 7016264 TI - Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of lidocaine hydrocarbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride with and without epinephrine in epidural anaesthesia. AB - Epidural analgesia was administered to one hundred patients undergoing various types of surgical procedures. They were divided at random into four equal groups who received lidocaine hydrocarbonate or lidocaine hydrochloride, both with or without epinephrine. A double blind method was used. The study was designed first to test the validity of claims that lidocaine hydrocarbonate produces a shorter period of onset for effective analgesia, a more profound sensory and motor block, and a higher spread of analgesia than the hydrochloride salt and secondly, to identify the respective roles of carbon dioxide and epinephrine in obtaining this alleged superior effectiveness. The results of the study showed that carbon dioxide improved the quality of sensory block, but we could not find any significant difference between lidocaine hydrocarbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride salt, with and without epinephrine, with regard to rapidity of onset, upward spread of analgesia and quality of motor block. As was already known, duration of analgesia was prolonged by the addition of epinephrine but not by the addition of carbon dioxide. They study also showed that the compliance of the epidural space was decreased in the lidocaine hydrocarbonate groups compared to those with lidocaine hydrochloride. There is a positive correlation between the duration of sensory block or the upper level of analgesia and compliance in the hundred patients studied. It is concluded that the hydrocarbonate base, because of its more profound sensory block in the L5-S1 segment, can be useful for operations on the lower extremities, especially in the L5-S1 segmental distribution. However, knowing that the hydrocarbonate base is more expensive, one must use his own judgment in appraising the cost-benefit of its use. PMID- 7016265 TI - Anaesthesia for the patient with a coincidental giant lung bulla: a case report. AB - The anaesthetic management of a patient with a coincidental giant lung bulla who underwent lumbar discectomy and laminectomy is described. The specific problems associated with anaesthesia in patients wih bullae, such as acute enlargement or rupture of the bullae, are discussed. Precautionary measures which may be taken during anaesthesia include the avoidance of nitrous oxide, the prophylactic use of a double-lumen tube, and the immediate availability of chest drains in the anaesthetizing area. Monitoring during operation may involve bilateral chest auscultation and arterial blood gas analysis. PMID- 7016267 TI - Energy coupling mechanisms in host-grown Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Energy coupling mechanisms of Mycobacterium lepraemurium isolated from Sprague Dawley rats lepromata were investigated. Cell-free extracts catalyzed phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of generated NADH, added NADH, and succinate yielding P/O ratios of approximately 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4, respectively. Ascorbate oxidation alone or in the presence of cytochrome c or N,N,N',N' tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was not coupled to ATP synthesis. The oxidative phosphorylation was completely uncoupled by 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, pentachlorophenol, m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, dicumarol, and gramicidin at concentrations which did not cause any inhibition of oxygen uptake. While the NADH oxidation and associated phosphate esterification was markedly sensitive to rotenone and other flavoprotein inhibitors, these inhibitors had no effect, however, on the phosphorylation coupled to succinate oxidation. The respiratory chain inhibitors such as antimycin A or 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, and cyanide were the potent inhibitors of the phosphorylation associated with the oxidation of NADH and succinate. The ATP formation coupled to the oxidation of NADH and succinate was also inhibited by oligomycin as well as by the thiol-binding agents, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The results indicated that NADH and succinate oxidation by in vivo grown M. lepraemurium was mediated by oxidative enzymes involving first and second energy coupling sites. PMID- 7016266 TI - Metabolism of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine: formation of NG-methylagmatine by Escherichia coli preparation. PMID- 7016268 TI - Somatic cell genetics: a review of drug resistance, lectin resistance and gene transfer in mammalian cells in culture. AB - During the past decade development of selection procedures for isolating a large variety of altered stable phenotypes in mammalian cell culture has been extremely rapid. The list now includes temperature sensitive, auxotrophic, drug resistant and lectin resistant cell lines, as well as cultures containing altered products of differentiation. As a general class, the drug resistant mutants have been studied more often than any of the others because of the wide variety of very interesting and specifically altered mutants that can be isolated, and the ease with which they can usually be obtained. In this review we discuss the essential features of the best studied drug and lectin resistant systems. Also a section on gene transfer has been included since the new technology being developed in this area is certain to have great influence on our understanding of fundamental aspects of somatic cell variation. PMID- 7016269 TI - The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man. AB - The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man has been reviewed. The evidence for genetic heterogeneity on clinical, biochemical and HLA (histocompatibility leukocyte antigens) data is presented. An attempt is made to interpret the meaning of the associations of the disease and certain HLA antigens and the complement factor, properdin in populations and in families. The population data can be best explained by the linkage disequilibrium hypothesis requiring tight linkage between the DS (diabetes susceptibility) locus and those in the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Linkage between the DS locus and MHC from family data is estimated to be about 14%, which is not likely tight enough to be compatible with the population data; and a one locus or one allele hypothesis and genetic heterogeneity is postulated as the best explanation of the incompatibility between population and family data. It is still impossible to precisely define the exact genetic hypothesis for diabetes in man. PMID- 7016270 TI - Mutagenic evaluation of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-2-propene, a contaminant in pulp mill effluents, using a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial tests. AB - The mutagenicity of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-2-propene (TCP), a component of chlorinated pulp mill effluents, was investigated with a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial assays. In fluctuation tests, TCP showed potent mutagenic activity with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 but only very weak activity with Escherichia coli WP2. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, TCP without metabolic activation induced chromosome aberrations. This activity was enhanced by the addition of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver preparation (S9). Endoreduplication was also induced by TCP in the presence of S9. Without activation, TCP caused an increase in the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), however this increase was eliminated by S9. TCP did not cause DNA damage in CHO cells as measured by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation either with or without metabolic activation. PMID- 7016271 TI - Pure and mosaic clones--a reflection of differences in mechanisms of mutagenesis by different agents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The induction of pure and mosaic clones has been studied in haploid G1 cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following treatments with ultraviolet light, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, nitrous acid, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, the relative proportions of pure mutant clones varied from 25 to 100% at comparable survival levels. Ultraviolet light and methyl methanesulfonate produced mainly pure mutant clones, whereas ethyl methanesulfonate and nitrous acid produced mainly mosaics at 59 to 100% survival levels. The ratio of pure to mosaic clones induced by nitrosoguanidine fell between these two classes. These results are consistent with a classification of mutagens on the basis of repair and replication-dependent mechanisms of mutagenesis in other organisms. Agents having actions similar to ultraviolet light may produce mainly pure clones through a pre-replicative process involving an error-prone DNA repair process. Others may produce mainly mosaic mutants due to the different nature of DNA lesions which may require a replication-dependent process for fixation of mutations. Preliminary data from combined treatments of mutagens belonging to two different classes (i.e. ultraviolet light and nitrous acid) suggest the possibility of an interaction between these agents, resulting in a higher proportion of pure clones, possibly due to an inducible process. Studies of induced frequencies of pure and mosaic clones may be useful in the characterization of mutagens with functional differences. PMID- 7016272 TI - Insulin secretion by the perfused pancreas of the cold-acclimated rat. AB - Rats were acclimated to cold at 4 degrees C for a period of 42 days. Pancreases of normal and cold-acclimated rats were isolated and perfused with a Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate medium containing dextran, adenosine, glucose, and a fluorocarbon as oxygen carrier. The biphasic secretion pattern of insulin in response to glucose stimulation was evident in both groups. Both basal and glucose-induced insulin release from pancreases of cold-acclimated rats exhibited a very significant reduction in comparison with controls (p less than 0.001). These observations are interpreted as indicating that cold-acclimation, an altered steady state of metabolism, is characterized by enhanced sympathetic activity which reduces insulin availability and release. Consequently enhanced free fatty acid mobilization resulting from reduced inhibition by insulin of lipolysis in the peripheral fat depots and increased lipolysis resulting from sympathetic activation are seen. PMID- 7016273 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of atrial and ventricular cardiocytes of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Relationship of specific granules with reninlike activity of the myocardium. AB - The ultrastructural cytochemical reactivity, renin activity, and cathepsin D activity of atria and ventricle of the bullfrog have been assessed. The specific granules (A, B, and D) were found to be argentaphobic when ultrathin sections of Araldite-embedded atria and ventricle were stained according to the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique of Thiery. The entire core of the specific granules was moderated positive after ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, glycol methacrylate embedded atria and ventricle were stained by phosphotungstic acid at a low pH. A similar reaction was shown by the cell coat, intercalated discs, residual bodies (C granules), and Z discs as well as by a very small portion of the Golgi complex. Incubation of ultrathin sections of atria and ventricule fixed only in glutaraldehyde and embedded in glycol methacrylate with either pronase or trypsin resulted in selective digestion of specific granules and Z discs and, to a much lesser degree, of the cell coat. As cathepsin D activity and renin activity were present in both atria and ventricle, the generation of angiotensin I by these cardiocytes might have been due to either enzyme. Nevertheless, because of the glycoprotein nature of specific granules and of the endocrinelike ultrastructure of atrial and ventricular cardiocytes in the frog, the present results raise the possibility that specific granules may contain renin. PMID- 7016274 TI - Pharmacological studies of kinins in venous smooth muscles. AB - The myotropic effects of bradykinin (BK) and other kinins in two isolated veins, the rabbit jugular and the guinea pig anterior mesenteric, have been studied. The effects of degradation on the biological activities of these compounds and the receptor types mediating their myotropic effects have been determined. It has been found that contractions elicited by kinins in these veins result from direct actions on specific receptors. Both veins contain active kininase II (but not active carboxypeptidases A or B) which interferes with the measurement of the myotropic effects and can be blocked by 1-(D-3-mercapto-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)-L proline (SQ 14225). The slopes but not the maxima of the concentration-response curves of BK and other kinins measured in the presence of SQ 14225 are different from those recorded in its absence whereas no significant changes are observed in concentration-response curves obtained with the analogue [D-Phe8]-BK, which resists degradation by kininase II. BK is more potent than its fragment sequence des-Arg9-BK and the effects of kinins are antagonized by dihydrochlorprothixene and beta-phenylalanine hexyl ester. These findings suggest that the rabbit jugular and the guinea pig anterior mesenteric veins contain receptors of the B2 type. The findings presented in this paper indicate that the rabbit jugular vein and the guinea pig anterior mesenteric vein are sensitive preparations for kinins and they can be useful for structure-activity studies of these peptides. A correct evaluation of the relative affinities of various kinins is, however, only possible by eliminating the interference of kininase II. PMID- 7016276 TI - Explanted cardiac cells: a model to study drug actions? AB - Results from drug action studies are reviewed together with techniques to produce preparations of explanted cardiac cells and parameters that can be measured in these preparations. Results from drug action studies on explanted cells are poorly integrated into our present knowledge of drug effects derived from investigations of more conventional models. Recent reports indicate that most explanted cardiac cells change their electrophysiological properties after explantation and this may be responsible for the difficulties in interpreting results obtained from this preparation. To exploit the potential of explanted cardiac cells as a model to study drug actions it is recommended that (a) the preparation be characterized with electrophysiological methods and (b) the preparation of explanted cardiac cells be selected so that it facilitates the solution of a well-defined pharmacological problem. PMID- 7016275 TI - Saturable binding of [3H]phenytoin to rat brain membrane fraction. AB - Preliminary studies indicate that [3H]phenytoin binds in a saturable and reversible fashion to at least two distinct sites in the membrane fraction of whole rat brain. One of these displays a high affinity (Kd = 6 nM) and a low maximal capacity (Bmax = 10 pmol/g protein). The other has a low affinity (Kd = 4.8 microM) and is estimated to have a very high maximal capacity. Phenytoin binding is reduced if the membrane fraction is preincubated with proteolytic enzymes and subcellular fractionation studies indicate that P2 fraction has the largest number of binding sites. Competition experiments fail to reveal significant binding interactions with putative neurotransmitters or with other drugs except the hydantoins and anticonvulsant barbiturates. Although it is premature to speculate on the clinical significance of these findings, it is encouraging to note that the low affinity site has a Kd very similar to the therapeutic levels of phenytoin found in cerebrospinal fluid and that there seems to be some relationship between binding potency and anticonvulsant potency within the hydantoin series. PMID- 7016278 TI - The effect of R plasmids and antibiotics on the UV recovery of Escherichia coli strain B. AB - A R-plasmid-containing fil mutant of Escherichia coli strain B, when exposed to chloramphenical (CMP) plus streptomycin (Sm) after irradiation, achieved 100% ultraviolet (UV) recovery from doses that otherwise kill over 90% of the cells. UV-induced filament cells with R plasmids are very UV sensitive regardless of the treatment after the filament-inducing irradiation. The exposure to CMP and Sm can be delayed after irradiation and still rescue filament cells from UV death even when grown on antibiotic-free agar. Development of UV-induced filament cells in CMP-Sm liquid medium increases the number of irradiated cells that will recover the ability to divide even when transferred to antibiotic-free agar soon after irradiation. The results suggest that the recovery of cell division by UV-induced filaments with R plasmids can be accomplished by contact with antibiotics even after extensive "unbalanced growth" or by growing in liquid medium throughout a critical period following irradiation. PMID- 7016277 TI - The role of delayed hypersensitivity in the enhancement of host resistance to infection. AB - Swiss-Webster mice were vaccinated by the intraperitoneal route (i.p.) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG and challenged i.p. 4-10 weeks later with 10(4) virulent Salmonella typhimurium in the presence or absence of purified derivative (PPD) of tuberculin. Normal control mice were similarly challenged. Such an infection was fatal to the normal mice within 12 days. BCG vaccination prolonged the survival time and protected about 36% of the salmonella-infected mice from death. In contrast, tuberculin sensitivity, elicited in the BCG-vaccinated mice, significantly increased the survival time and protected about 70% of the mice against an otherwise fatal challenge. When these experiments were repeated using an infective dose of 10(6) organisms, the protective effect of the tuberculin reaction became substantially reduced, but there remained a statistically significant improvement in the survival distribution of the challenged mice as compared with that among the BCG-vaccinated mice. The examination of peritoneal washings obtained from BCG-vaccinated mice stimulated with PPD showed that the enhanced resistance to salmonella infection was directly associated with a quantitatively increased influx of phagocytic leukocytes accumulating at the site of infection as a result of the elicitation of tuberculin sensitivity. PMID- 7016279 TI - Inhibition of in vitro peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate. AB - Physiological concentrations of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) inhibited the synthesis of lipid intermediates and peptidoglycan catalyzed by a particulate enzyme preparation from Escherichia coli. The inhibition of these reactions was dependent on the concentrations of ppGpp and MgCl2 in the assay. The degree of inhibition of lipid intermediate synthesis decreased as the molar ratio of MgCl2 to ppGpp was increased, and no inhibition was observed above a MgCl2 to ppGpp ratio of 2.5. The synthesis of peptidoglycan was more sensitive to inhibition by ppGpp, and significant inhibition occurred under conditions where lipid intermediate synthesis was unaffected (i.e., at MgCl2 to ppGpp ratios of 2.5 or more). A variety of other nucleotides did not inhibit the synthesis of lipid intermediates and peptidoglycan. PMID- 7016280 TI - Chemicals which promote survival of ultraviolet-irradiated lon and ruv mutants of Escherichia coli K12. AB - The effects of postirradiation incubation with various chemicals structurally related to pantolactone on the survival of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli lon and ruv mutants were examined. Certain cyclic compounds with a butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, furan, tetrahydropyran, or 2-pyron ring showed substantial rescue activity in lon and (or) ruv mutants. In addition, several aliphatic, monocarboxylic acid salts, including hydrolysis products from pantolactone and butyrolactone, were also active in one or both of these mutants, especially pantoate and other hydroxy acid salts in the ruv bacterium. The two mutants differed considerably in their susceptibility spectra for the rescue actions of these compounds. PMID- 7016281 TI - Sequential cold-sensitive mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus. II. Analysis by the parasexual cycle. AB - From Aspergillus fumigatus I-21 (ATCC 32722), which grows at temperatures from 12 to 50 degrees C, three multistep, independently derived, cold-sensitive mutants unable to grow at 37 degrees C or below (Cs-37) were obtained by sequential exposure to ethylmethane sulfonate (strain AT2) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (AT1 and AT3). These mutants and ON5, a five-step Cs-37 mutant, were marked by mutations affecting spore color and nutritional requirements and crossed in four combinations by classical parasexual means. The heterokaryons demonstrated partial complementation with respect to auxotrophic requirements (suboptimal growth on minimal medium) and cold sensitivity (growth at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C). Most presumed diploids, formed by exposure of the heterokaryons to d-camphor vapors, showed complete complementation but were unstable, as demonstrated by variations in spore sizes and markedly different ratios of segregant classes derived from different clones. Analysis of the segregants of the diploids or aneuploids, induced by Benomyl, indicated that multiple genes were responsible for cold sensitivity in each Cs-37 mutant, since segregants with various levels of cold sensitivity were obtained. The higher than predicted frequency of reversion to temperatures two or more steps back in the sequence of cold sensitivity mutations suggested that these genes or their products interacted. No Cs-37 segregant yielding a consistently lower frequency of revertants than the original mutants was obtained. PMID- 7016282 TI - Sequential cord-sensitive mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus. III. Mechanism of cold sensitivity. AB - The mechanism of cold sensitivity of Aspergillus fumigatus ON5, a 37 degrees C sensitive mutant derived from A. fumigatus I-21 (ATCC 32722) by five sequential mutations, was investigated. The rate of in vivo protein synthesis by ON5 was not affected for 2 h following a shift from 45 to 34 degrees C, but the rate of in vivo RNA synthesis dropped almost immediately. The RNA polymerases 2 h following a shift from 45 to 34 degrees C, but the rate of in vivo RNA synthesis dropped almost immediately. The RNA polymerases of ON5 possessed wild-type activity in vitro at a nonpermissive temperature (34 degrees C) indicating that the reduction in the rate of in vivo RNA synthesis did not result from cold sensitivity in transcription, but was possibly a result of rapid feedback inhibition of transcription. Mutant ON5 was not able to produce ribosomes at a nonpermissive temperature as evidenced by the fact that no 3H-labelled amino acids were incorporated into the monosome, large ribosomal subunit, or small ribosomal subunit at 34 degrees C. Ribosomal subunit assembly or ribosomal RNA processing appears, therefore, to be the cold-sensitive cellular function in ON5. PMID- 7016283 TI - The pheromonal control of mating in yeast and its phylogenetic implication: a review. PMID- 7016284 TI - Isolation of protoplasts from Aspergillus nidulans conidiospores. AB - Protoplasts were prepared from conidiospores of Aspergillus nidulans. The mononucleated conidia gave protoplasts of a uniform size, approximately 5-micron diameter, depending on the strain and the stabilizing medium used. Conidia were preincubated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in a minimal medium at 37 degrees C for 3 h. The swollen conidia were collected, resuspended in a buffer containing 0.4 M (NH4)2SO4 as stabilizer, and incubated with Oerskovia lytic enzymes at 30 degrees C for 3 or 4 h. Approximately 80% of the conidia were converted into protoplasts. The protoplasts were separated from cell wall fragments and intact conidia by centrifugation over 30% sucrose. This isolation procedure gives a suspension of mononucleated or binucleated protoplasts suitable for recombination experiments and other studies for which a homogenous protoplast suspension is required. The procedure was also successful for Aspergillus niger. PMID- 7016285 TI - Protection of the myocardial homograft. 1. The cooling bag. AB - Because severe cardiac insufficiency follows orthotopic heart transplantation, the authors have evaluated protection of the homograft provided by a cooling and isolating bag during the operative period of ischemia and subsequently its effect on cardiac function. In one group or four dogs hearts were transplanted without using hypothermia. In the second group, seven hearts were excised, immediately cooled by immersion in saline at 4 degrees C and orthotopically homotransplanted. In the third group, six hearts were immersed in saline and then isolated in a cooling bag until transplantation had been completed. Cardiac function in all animals was evaluated at rest, 3, 24 and 48 hours after operation. In group 1, lowering of the temperature was minimal and all animals died immediately after operation. In group 2, the myocardial temperature, which had been lowered to 13 degrees C by immersion, had risen to 25 degrees C after 17 minutes. In group 3, the myocardial temperature was maintained at 13 degrees C up to the time the aortic clamp was removed. Three hours after operation, the cardiac performance of group 3 was much better than that of group 3 was much better than that of group 2 as demonstrated by an increase of cardiac output (39%), stroke volume (44%), mean systolic ejection rate (25%), maximum systolic flow (28%), peak velocity (26%), maximum acceleration (20%), left ventricular power (32%) and left ventricular work (47%). In the following days, cardiac function of groups 2 and 3 improved and the disparity between then decreased. These results demonstrate that the cooling bag, while offering technical advantages, maintains profound hypothermia in the donor heart and substantially improves the performance of the homograft in the immediate postoperative phase. PMID- 7016286 TI - Does pericardial drainage decrease the frequency of postpericardiotomy syndrome? AB - The postpericardiotomy syndrome occurs in 10% to 40% of patients who undergo open heart surgery. Its frequency is reportedly decreased when pericardial drainage is used. To challenge this, 50 consecutive patients (1 was disqualified) were randomly assigned to two groups: one in which only the anterior mediastinum was drained (group 1) and the other in which the anterior mediastinum and posterior pericardium were drained (group 2). The surgical procedures performed were: coronary artery bypass grafting in 14 patients, valve surgery in 23 and repair of congenital defects in 12. The two groups were similar with respect to age and the volume of blood drained. Significant differences were found only for the duration of bypass and volume of blood given. At 7 to 10 days there were no differences in the frequency of fever, thoracic pain or presence of arthralgia. Findings were similar in both groups for leukocyte count, sedimentation rate, serum lactic dehydrogenase value and for the frequency of positive blood, urine and sputum cultures. Six patients (three in each group) had a postpericardiotomy syndrome that required steroid treatment and prolonged hospitalization for 10 more days. However, none had postpericardiotomy syndrome complicating coronary artery bypass surgery. None of the patients had cardiac tamponade. This study demonstrates that pericardial drainage has no effect on the frequency of postpericardiotomy syndrome and appears to be unnecessary after open-heart surgery. PMID- 7016287 TI - Surgical approaches to the treatment of early breast cancer. AB - Various methods have been explored for treating early breast cancer with conservation of the breast. Although local recurrence increased, early trials indicated that in patients with clinical stage I disease (T1 or T2 NO or N1a), wide excision and radiotherapy of the breast and gland fields resulted in the same distant recurrence and survival rates as the radical operation. It was suggested that local control of the disease was not important in the ultimate prognosis, that minimal surgery incurred no penalty and that breast cancer would soon be treated by radiotherapy alone. Four recent developments affected this forecast. 1. Assays of hormone receptors in primary tumours give important information on prognosis in early cancer. 2. In clinical stage II disease (T1 or T2 N1b), limited surgery exacts a penalty in terms of distant recurrence and survival. 3. The number in involved axillary lymph nodes must be known to evaluate prognosis 4. Adjuvant chemo- or endocrine therapy is effective in patients with extensive involvement of axillary nodes. Currently, only modified radical mastectomy effectively fulfils the requirements resulting from these developments. PMID- 7016288 TI - Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. AB - After several decades in which the scope and intensity of regional therapies increased, without a corresponding increase in cure rates, attention has turned to systemic treatments. Adjuvant therapy for carcinoma is use in an attempt to destroy micrometastases thus preventing the development of clinical metastases. Initial results have been encouraging and an understanding of tumor cell kinetics has led to the use of better schedules and combinations of drugs that have substantially decreased the probability or treatment failure and prolonged survival compared with the results of operation alone. PMID- 7016291 TI - Malaria on the increase and Canadian doctors are unprepared. PMID- 7016290 TI - Feeding the low-birthweight infant. PMID- 7016292 TI - Early identification of alcohol abuse: 1. Critical issues and psychosocial indicators for a composite index. AB - Traditional approaches to the medical management of alcohol-related disorders have met with limited success in altering the prevalence of alcohol abuse. Evidence suggests that identifying early those who drink to excess and intervening with low-cost educational and motivational programs could significantly reduce the prevalence of alcohol-related disabilities. However, physicians must take systematic steps to detect alcohol abuse. Part 1 of this two part series discusses the need for early identification of individuals who drink to excess and the factors that may either facilitate or hinder the development of effective programs for detecting alcohol abuse. A profile is given of important psychosocial indicators of alcohol abuse, including the classic signs of alcohol abuse, the early manifestations of heavy drinking, the predisposing or high-risk factors for alcohol abuse, and the precipitating events and correlated habits of excessive drinking. PMID- 7016293 TI - How to read clinical journals: V: To distinguish useful from useless or even harmful therapy. PMID- 7016294 TI - Joe McManus--memorable Canadian pathologist. PMID- 7016295 TI - Psychiatry clerkship: a review of the concept. AB - The concept of psychiatric clerkships as part of undergraduate medical education was examined. All relevant English literature from the last eight years was surveyed and discussed in four parts: 1) The goals and objectives of psychiatric clerkships were examined. The author concluded that there is a need to further differentiate educational goals of the clinical years from the pre-clinical years. Two major requirements for a successful clerkship were patient responsibility and adequate faculty supervision. 2) The significance of the clerkship setting was evident from the survey as settings were found to influence the students' attitudinal development and also the development of clinical judgement. 3) The effects of psychiatric clerkships on the students, patients, and faculty were discussed and felt to be an requiring further exploration. 4) The problems of evaluation were addressed. From the survey, it appeared that the clerkship experience was of particular value in modifying student attitudes to mental illness. Attempts to evaluate the acquisition of clinical skills and judgement were reviewed. The paper concluded by outlining areas requiring further exploration and research so that the concept of psychiatric clerkships can be further developed. PMID- 7016296 TI - The thought-stopping technique: a treatment for different types of ruminations? AB - Thought-stopping, a simple behavioural technique, can be of help in the treatment of different ruminative processes such as ruminations, phobias of internal stimuli, smoking the sexual deviations. After reviewing the research data, although they claim that more controlled studies are mandatory, the authors believe that thought-stopping can be beneficial in clinical practice under certain conditions. They advise clinicians to use the technique described by Wolpe and Lazarus and they discourage the use of relaxation prior to thought stopping. Tape-recorded instructions are not recommended in order to maximize the patient-doctor relationship. Finally, if good results are not obtained after a maximum of six sessions of therapy, other forms of treatment should be considered. PMID- 7016297 TI - Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Of the known carcinogenic agents (viruses, ultraviolet and ionizing radiations, and chemicals), chemicals appear to be of major importance in the induction of human cancers. The known chemical carcinogens include a wide range of structures. Their common feature is that their ultimate forms are electrophilic reactants; in most cases, these reactants arise through metabolism in vivo. Carcinogenesis by chemicals is a multistage process. The first stage, initiation, occurs rapidly and appears to be irreversible. The available data indicate that initiation generally results from one or more mutations of cellular DNA. Covalent reactions of electrophilic derivatives of carcinogens with DNA are the major cause of these mutations. The second stage, promotion, occurs over a longer period of time. Promotion is a complex process, for which the early stages are largely reversible. The critical events appear to be epigenetic. Complete carcinogens have both initiating and promoting activities, but the ratios of these two activities for various chemicals may differ greatly. This knowledge of the mechanisms of carcinogens by chemicals provides a useful basis for approaches to the prevention of human cancer. PMID- 7016298 TI - Drug-induced cancer. AB - This report reviews the medicinal agents that have been linked to human cancer, with emphasis on recent evidence implicating estrogenic compounds such as DES, menopausal estrogens, and oral contraceptives. Attention is also given to drugs that have fallen under suspicion and requires further epidemiologic evaluation. The detection of drug-cancer associations not only influences clinical and public health practice, but may also provide insights into mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The clinician contributes to the prevention of drug-induced cancer by being alert to iatrogenic hazards and cooperating in epidemiologic investigations, by weighing risks versus benefits in individual cases, and by discussing with patients the rationale and risks of proposed forms of therapy. PMID- 7016299 TI - Endocarditis due to Eikenella corrodens in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse and bacterial endocarditis due to Eikenella corrodens is described. After appropriate treatment was instituted, blood cultures became negative, but the patient died of intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia. The role of Eikenella corrodens as a pathogenic bacterium in immunocompromised hosts is described. PMID- 7016289 TI - Early identification of alcohol abuse: 2: Clinical and laboratory indicators. AB - Despite awareness of the wide variety of clinical and laboratory abnormalities associated with alcohol abuse, drinking problems often remain undetected in hospital and in general medical practice. The diagnosis of alcohol abuse has been emphasized repeatedly in the literature but far less attention has been paid to indicators that would permit detection of excessive drinking at a stage when intervention might be more effective and less costly. The search for indicators of early alcohol abuse is complicated since many of the medical sequelae of alcoholism are nonspecific and may only be manifested after a number of years of excessive drinking. Part 2 of this two-part series considers various clinical and laboratory features related to alcohol abuse and highlights items that are potentially more sensitive for detecting early stages of problem drinking. Use by physicians of a composite profile of both biomedical and psychosocial indicators of excessive alcohol consumption is recommended for early identification of this problem. PMID- 7016300 TI - BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: inhibition of tumor recurrence and associated immune responses. AB - Fifty-one patients with confirmed bladder cancer have enrolled in a prospective evaluation of BCG immunotherapy. Following resection of existing tumors, patients were stratified according to tumor grade and number of previous recurrences and randomly assigned to control or BCG treatment groups. Immunotherapy consisted of six weekly administrations of Pasteur strain BCG using 120 mg intravesically and 5 mg percutaneously. Immunotherapy side effects were minimal and no patient required postponement of BCG treatments. Eleven control (46%) compared with five (22%) BCG-treated patients had tumor recurrence (P = 0.078, chi 2). Prolongation of the disease-free interval with BCG treatment was significantly at the P = 0.016 level by Wilcoxon analysis. Four control and two BCG-treated patients had multiple recurrences. Comparing total episodes of recurrence, nineteen of 79 (24%) control and eight of 85 (7%) BCG group cystoscopic examinations revealed tumor (P = 0.006, chi 2). Immunologic correlates of response to immunotherapy were not statistically significant since only five BCG-treated patients had tumor recurrence. However, four of these five patients evidenced impaired LIF response to PPD at the time of tumor recurrence, and impairment of skin test reactivity and BCG humoral antibody response were more commonly seen in this subgroup of patients. PMID- 7016301 TI - Insulin and glucagon secretion by renal adenocarcinoma. AB - A patient with histologically verified renal adenocarcinoma had dramatic increases in glucagon and insulin levels in plasma and in tumor tissue. PMID- 7016302 TI - Surgical adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma with corynebacterium parvum. AB - The authors' previous surgical adjuvant trial in patients with malignant melanoma at high risk of recurrence has shown no difference in disease-free interval or survival between patients randomized to surgery + BCG or surgery alone. Reported here is a subsequent nonrandomized trial in 30 similar patients who received surgery + Corynebacterium parvum (CP) 4 mg I.V. daily x 5, followed by 4 mg S.C. weekly for up to three years. After I.V. C. parvum, chills, fever, headache, and hypertension were common. After S.C. C. parvum, varying degrees of local induration, erythema, and pain were experienced. Dose reduction was necessary for 14 patients during I.V. treatment and for six patients during S.C. treatment. A marked decrease in absolute lymphocyte count and a decreased proliferative response of lymphocytes to common antigens in vitro was observed after 2-3 days of I.V. C. parvum. Lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens decreased, particularly with Con A. Marked increase in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by granulocytes was seen in 20 patients. Although changes in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to recall antigens followed no consistent pattern, reactivity to DNCB increased in 18 patients. In addition, median time to recurrence was 33 weeks, significantly shorter than in the previous trial, but the survival distribution was no different from before. It can be concluded, therefore, that the administration of C. parvum in this dose and schedule had essentially no effect on the outcome of these patients. PMID- 7016303 TI - Growth of lung cancer colonies from bronchoscopy washings. AB - Cells from bronchoscopy washings from 30 patients with lung cancer were plated in tissue culture using a human tumor stem cell assay technique. These culture results were subsequently compared to routine cytology readings carried out on the same specimens. The stem cell culture showed colony growth from 9 of 11 cytologically positive bronchoscopy washing specimens. More colonies grew from cytologically positive specimens (average of six colonies per plate) than from cytologically negative specimens (average of 0.8 colonies per plate). With additional refinements, the stem cell culture system could be used to improve the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy washings. However, at present, the low number of tumor colonies grown from the washings precludes performing chemosensitivity studies on tumor cells from the bronchoscopy washing specimens. PMID- 7016304 TI - Stress management classes, a health promotion tool. PMID- 7016306 TI - Bone marrow harvesting and high-dose BCNU therapy: nursing implications. PMID- 7016305 TI - Standards of care for the patient with "graft-versus-host disease" post bone marrow transplant. PMID- 7016307 TI - Amino acid utilization and urine protein excretion in children treated with succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase. AB - Amino acid utilization was evaluated in seven children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase. All patients received food p.o. ad libitum and glucose-electrolyte solutions i.v.; four patients received an i.v. amino acid supplement (1.5 g/kg/day). Although all patients were in negative energy balance, there was a significant linear regression between nitrogen balance and nitrogen intake during Days 1 to 7 and Days 8 to 14 of the study. The slope of the regression line, reflecting exogenous nitrogen utilization, was not significantly different from that found in healthy young men ingesting adequate or subadequate energy intakes. The Y-intercept (-210 mg/kg/day) indicated an obligatory nitrogen loss that was much greater than normal. Most of the nitrogen loss was due to urinary excretion. Ammonia and urea accounted for 77 to 91% of the urine nitrogen. Urinary glutamate accounted for 4 to 10% of this loss. Urine protein excretion was abnormally high in each of the patients, ranging from 987 to 3440 mg/day. Urine excretion of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase and beta 2-microglobulin was also abnormally high, despite normal blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, suggesting that these children had renal tubular dysfunction. The antileukemic effect of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase did not appear to be altered by amino acid supplementation. These data indicate that amino acid supplementation can improve nutritional status in patients treated with succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase. PMID- 7016308 TI - In vitro determination of tumor invasiveness using extracted hyaline cartilage. AB - Our previous observation that salt-extracted, devitalized cartilage could be penetrated by malignant tumor cells but was nonpermissive to fibroblastic ingrowth led us to postulate that this matrix might be used as a test connective tissue to discriminate in vitro between noninvasive and invasive tumor cell lines. In a novel in vitro system, salt-extracted, bovine articular cartilage was therefore used as a growth surface for defined noninvasive, invasive, and metastatic carcinoma cell lines, derived from chemical carcinogen-induced tumors of the rat urinary bladder. As monitored by thin-section electron microscopy, salt-extracted cartilage was readily penetrated by the invasive and metastatic rat bladder carcinoma cell lines. The metastatic cell line could be differentiated from the invasive, nonmetastatic cell line by its greater depth of invasion. In contrast, noninvasive carcinoma cells as well as normal bladder epithelial cells lacked the capacity to erode and penetrate the extracted matrix of the articular cartilage. Using these defined cell lines, salt-extracted cartilage can be used to reproducibly discriminate between carcinomas having different invasive potentials. This assay system may have diagnostic application for the in vitro staging of tumors. PMID- 7016309 TI - Interactions of normal, dysplastic, and malignant mammary epithelial cells with fibronectin in vivo and in vitro. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that normal and malignant mouse mammary cells are indistinguishable in many surface-related properties that often denote transformation of other cell types such as fibroblasts. In the present investigation, the interactions of normal, dysplastic, and malignant mammary epithelial cells with fibronectin in tissues and cultures were examined by indirect immunofluorescence. Cells lining the lumina of ducts and alveoli in normal and dysplastic mouse and human mammary tissues abutted a layer of fibronectin along their basal surfaces that included the region of the basement membrane and the underlying stroma. Moreover, double staining for keratin and fibronectin revealed that myoepithelial cells were surrounded by the matrix protein. In contrast, tumor cells in adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas were not directly associated with fibronectin. The accumulation of fibronectin in primary cultures prepared from mouse mammary tissues paralleled the distribution seen in vivo. A matrix of fibronectin formed beneath normal and preneoplastic mammary cells within 4 to 6 days after plating, whereas tumor cells were negative, regardless of the age or density of the culture. This correlation with in vivo results did not extend to cells of established mammary tumor culture lines which readily accumulated pericellular networks of fibronectin. Addition of exogenous fibronectin to primary cultures enhanced formation of a basal matrix by normal cells but had no effect on the negative status of the tumor cells. The results indicate that mammary tumor cells in tissues and in primary cultures have an altered capacity to interact with fibronectin. However, this alteration is not necessarily expressed by established mammary tumor cell lines. PMID- 7016311 TI - Clonal growth of epithelial cells from normal adult human bronchus. AB - Normal primary epithelial cell cultures devoid of fibroblastic cells have been developed from tissue explants of adult human bronchi. Conditions for clonal growth of secondary cultures of bronchial epithelial cells were optimized by coculturing the human cells with mitomycin C growth-arrested Swiss 3T3 mouse feeder cells, lowering the calcium concentration of medium M199, and supplementing it with hydrocortisone, insulin, cholera toxin, epidermal growth factor, and 1.25% fetal bovine serum. The epithelial cells grew for an average of 35 population doublings and had the normal human karyotype, expressed keratin and blood group antigen epithelial cell markers, metabolized benzo(a)pyrene, and were capable of differentiating into both ciliated and squamous cells. This culture system makes it potentially possible to investigate various aspects of differentiation and carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells. PMID- 7016310 TI - Cooperation between cyclophosphamide tumoricidal activity and host antitumor immunity in the cure of mice bearing large MOPC-315 tumors. AB - A single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY), 15 mg/kg, was shown previously to be curative if administered to BALB/c mice 10 to 16 days post-MOPC-315 tumor inoculation when the tumors reached 20 to 25 mm (large tumors) but not if administered to mice four days post-tumor inoculation when their tumors were nonpalpable. Here we show that the curative effect of CY, 15 mg/kg, for mice bearing large tumors was not due solely to the tumoricidal activity of the drug, because three or four days after therapy, when the CY had been cleared from the circulation, viable proliferative tumor cells were present in the primary s.c. tumor site. During tumor regression, the tumors became heavily infiltrated by mononuclear cells. Following therapy, mice bearing large tumors exhibited an active antitumor response, as illustrated by their ability to reject a tumor challenge with 350-fold the minimum lethal tumor dose given as early as 24 hr posttherapy. That the curative effect of CY, 15 mg/kg, for mice bearing large tumors required the presence of T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity (cellular and/or humoral), was indicated by the fact that tumor regression was abrogated by treatment of the tumor bearers with anti-thymocyte serum. Thus, CY drug tumoricidal activity and host antitumor immunity cooperated in the eradication of large MOPC-315 tumors. PMID- 7016312 TI - Effect of genotype on mutagenicity of niridazole in nitroreductase-deficient bacteria. AB - The mutagenicity of niridazole for Salmonella typhimurium depends upon the enzymic reduction of the nitro function. The response of niridazole nitroreductase-deficient bacteria to niridazole is reduced to 4.4 and 0.19% that exhibited by the enzyme-proficient parent strain when the deficiency is the result of a base substitution and frame-shift mutation, respectively. The results are taken to indicate that the residual activity (4.4%) seen in the strain with a base substitution mutation reflects the activity of an enzyme with an amino acid substitution, while the basal level (0.19%) of activity indicates the action of a different nitroreductase with a low specificity for niridazole. PMID- 7016313 TI - Isolation, karyotype, and clonal growth of heterogeneous subpopulations of human malignant gliomas. PMID- 7016314 TI - Adoptive transfer of antiviral resistance by lymphoid cells from mice protected against Friend leukemia virus-induced disease by passive serum therapy. PMID- 7016315 TI - In vitro generation of a highly immunogenic subline of L1210 leukemia following exposure to 5-(3,3'-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide. AB - Strong and heritable increase of immunogenicity of L1210 Ha leukemia has been obtained in vitro following multiple treatments with 5-(3,3'-dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC), metabolically activated by mouse liver preparations (MLP) containing liver microsomes. The DTIC-treated leukemia (L1210D line) or the control line treated with MLP alone (L1210N line) showed comparable growth kinetics in vitro. However, progressive increase of immunogenicity occurred in leukemic cells in the course of in vitro treatments with DTIC plus MIP, but not with MLP alone, as evidenced by comparative studies on transplantation immunity elicited in BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 mice by graded inocula of L1210D or L1210N leukemia cells. In vitro experiments confirmed that metabolic transformation of DTIC is required for increasing tumor immunogenicity. In fact, L1210Ha cells became highly immunogenic when treated with DTIC in intact mice but not in animals metabolically depressed by CCl4. Immunochemotherapy experiments based on the antigenic cross-reactivity between the L1210D line and the original L1210Ha leukemia showed that i.p. administration of L1210D cells followed by 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea treatment afforded marked protection in mice inoculated intracerebrally with the parental lymphoma. The present findings could provide an adequate in vitro technique for developing further studies on DTIC mediated immunogenic changes of tumors, including human cancer cells growing in tissue culture. PMID- 7016316 TI - Production of fibronectin by normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells. AB - The production and retention of fibronectin by primary cultures of cells derived from the human breast has been analyzed. Two examples of each of the following cell types were examined: (a) normal epithelium from milk; (b) metastatic breast cancer cells in pleural effusions; (c) fibroblasts; (d) tissue macrophages of milk. Cell-associated fibronectin could be detected by indirect immunofluorescent staining on normal and malignant mammary epithelium and on mammary fibroblasts, but not on milk macrophages. Immune precipitation followed by gel electrophoresis of 35S-labeled cell lysates and conditioned medium confirmed that fibronectin was indeed synthesized by both types of epithelial cells and by fibroblasts, but not by macrophages, and that much of the protein was released into the medium. Quantitative analysis with radioimmune assay of the fibronectin on cells and in media showed that both normal and malignant epithelial cells synthesized levels of protein comparable to that produced by fibroblasts, but only a small fraction (less than 10%) of the material synthesized was retained by the cells. Growth on collagen-coated plastic increased the percentage of fibronectin retained by normal and malignant epithelium but did not affect retention by fibroblasts. PMID- 7016317 TI - Nuclear size and nuclear binding of tritiated actinomycin D into epithelial cells of colon cancer patients with apparently normal colorectal mucosa. AB - The nuclear binding of tritiated actinomycin ([3H]AM) is clearly linked to the structural organization of the chromatin. [3H]AM decreases in cells which differentiate and becomes very low in fully differentiated cells. [3H]AM nuclear binding and nuclear size were concomitantly measured in normal-appearing flat mucosa of 10 patients bearing a colorectal cancer and compared with the colon mucosa of 10 normal individuals. In the colon of these normal subjects, there is a decreasing gradient of labeling in the upper third of the gland, with heavy labeling in the lower two-thirds and light labeling in surface epithelial cells. The ratio (R) of grain count in cells in the bottom of the glands to grain count in the surface epithelial cell varies in normal subjects from 4 to 14. There is no correlation between nuclear size and [3H]AM binding. In normal-appearing flat mucosa of cancerous patients, there is no decrease of labeling [3H]AM in the upper third of the glands; superficial cells are as labeled as those at the bottom (R = 1). There is a correlation between nuclear size and [3H]AM in these cells. Normal-appearing cells of colorectal cancer patients are probably not involved in a normal process of differentiation. PMID- 7016318 TI - Combination chemotherapy salvage of heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of prognostic factors in two chemotherapy trials and the literature. AB - The results of two intensive combination chemotherapy trials for heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were markedly different. Only one of 27 patients treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) achieved a complete remission (CR), while a CR was attained by 50% of the patients (nine of 18) treated with ABVD alternating with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP/ABVD). There was a significantly longer survival for patients on MOPP/ABVD. Characteristics of patients in the two trials which might have at least partially explained these differing results were identified. The patients treated with ABVD all had prior histories of multiple relapses or continuous disease activity, while the majority of responding patients treated with MOPP/ABVD had few prior relapses and long disease-free intervals immediately prior to treatment. In the MOPP/ABVD trial, a trend toward a higher CR rate was found for patients with relapses confined to lymph nodes, compared with patients who had extranodal disease, although the difference lacked statistical significance. The characteristics of the patient population undergoing treatment must be considered in the interpretation of the results of chemotherapy salvage regimens for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7016319 TI - Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma with high-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - Three patients with disseminated, relapsed Ewing's sarcoma refractory to conventional chemotherapy were treated with high-dose melphalan, cyclophosphamide pretreatment, and bone marrow autotransplantation. Two patients achieved complete remission and one achieved partial remission. The two patients who achieved complete remission remain disease-free at 12 and 13 months. High-dose melphalan is effective when conventional approaches have failed. PMID- 7016320 TI - Phase II clinical trial of VP-16-213 in ovarian cancer. PMID- 7016321 TI - Phase II trial of indicine N-oxide (INDI) in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7016322 TI - Acute toxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) experience from 1717 patients receiving single and multiple agents. AB - Since 1972, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) has carried out a series of clinical trials evaluating the worth of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with primary breast cancer. This report provides information concerning (a) protocol compliance relative to drug administration and (b) acute toxicity encountered by patients in three separate trials who were given one-, two- or three-drug chemotherapy within 1 month of operation. The findings are derived from 1548 women who received 20,765 courses of chemotherapy, the most extensively documented experience yet reported. They indicate that despite the large number of physicians and the heterogeneity of the institutions participating, large cooperative efforts can be accomplished with credibility. Only 13 (0.8%) of the women failed to complete all courses of therapy for reasons directly related to nonprotocol compliance by physicians. Only 4.3% failed to complete therapy for miscellaneous reasons other than toxicity, treatment failure, occurrence of a second primary, or death unrelated to tumor. While almost all patients experienced toxic reactions during the therapy, only 3%--4% of recipients of melphalan (L-PAM; P) and 4%--5% of recipients of L-PAM + 5-FU(F)(PF) failed to complete 2 years of therapy because of toxicity. Of those patients receiving PF + methotrexate (MTX; M) (PMF), 15% did not finish their treatment for that reason. While there was little difference in hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity between those patients receiving P or PF, and such toxicity was generally acceptable to both patients and physicians, the addition of MTX (PMF) resulted in greater toxicity (vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia) which was less readily accepted. Tolerance of any of these regimens was unrelated to patient age, despite the belief that older women are less tolerant of chemotherapy. The earlier toxicity occurred, the greater was the number of subsequent courses associated with toxicity, and the lower was the total amount of drug received. The extent of the toxicity produced by the NSABP regimens and the end results obtained with them, must be compared with the end results and toxicity obtained by other regimens before making a choice of the adjuvant therapy to be used. PMID- 7016324 TI - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma after histologic conversion: a poor prognostic variant. AB - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) developed in 14 patients with a different non Hodgkin's lymphoma and one with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The median time from the diagnosis of the first malignancy to the appearance of DHL was 47 months (range, 8--112). The most common presentation of histologic conversion was new or recurrent lymphadenopathy. Hypercalcemia was associated with the onset of the DHL in four of 15 patients. Eight patients with DHL after histologic conversion were treated with doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone with or without cyclophosphamide, but none achieved complete remission. Two other patients did achieve a complete response with therapy (one with radiotherapy and one with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), but they had brief remissions, and no patient in this study achieved long-term, disease-free survival. This was reflected in the short (12-month) median survival after histologic transformation to DHL. It appears that patients with DHL after histologic conversion have a worse prognosis than those with de novo DHL. PMID- 7016323 TI - Combination of high-dose cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and VP-16-213 followed by autologous marrow rescue in the treatment of relapsed leukemia. AB - The combination of high-dose cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and VP-16-213 followed by autologous marrow rescue was evaluated in the treatment of relapsed leukemia refractory to normal-dose chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide was given at a total dose of 4.5 g/m2, BCNU at a dose of 300 mg/m2, and VP-16-213 at a dose of 600 mg/m2. Seven high-dose treatments followed by marrow rescue were administered to six patients. Two patients achieved complete remissions, three had partial remissions, and one achieved a minimal response. The toxicity of this regimen was moderate. PMID- 7016325 TI - Application of crossed immunoelectrophoresis to the visualization and characterization of human fibroblast antigens. PMID- 7016326 TI - [Diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind therapeutical study report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016327 TI - [On the 80th birthday of Dr. Bohumil Sekla]. PMID- 7016329 TI - Cell cycle kinetics of Chinese hamster (CHO) cells treated with the iron chelating agent picolinic acid. AB - Spontaneously transformed (tumorigenic) Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) do not exhibit picolinic acid-sensitive G1 and G2 cell cycle arrest points observed in normal and virus-transformed cells. Rather, picolinic acid arrests CHO cells in S phase only and produces culture growth behaviour similar to that produced by hydroxyurea. Prolonged treatment with picolinic acid permits a slow but significant traverse of cells through S phase. Thus, like hydroxyurea, picolinic acid is not a useful agent for synchronizing exponential CHO cells, but it can be used to resynchronize cultures in early S phase if a previous synchronization procedure (such as isoleucine deprivation) is used. The iron chelating properties of picolinic acid, and the similarities of its effects on cultured cells to those of hydroxyurea and the iron-chelating drug desferrioxamine, suggest that picolinic acid inhibits DNA synthesis by interfering with the iron-dependent production of a stable free organic radical which is essential for the ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides. PMID- 7016330 TI - Cell kinetic studies of different cell types in the developing and adult brain of the rat and the mouse: a review. PMID- 7016328 TI - [100th anniversary of Billroth's operation on the stomach]. PMID- 7016331 TI - Minimal criteria for synchronization in clinical trials. PMID- 7016332 TI - Ultrastructural identification of Gastrin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the brain of Xenopus laevis by means of colloidal gold or ferritin immunocytochemical methods. PMID- 7016333 TI - Role of estrogen and androgen in maintaining the preovulatory follicle. AB - The effects of nitromifene citrate (CI 628), an antiestrogen, and Flutamide, an antiandrogen, on the ultrastructure and viability of the preovulatory follicle and granulosa cells were examined both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo administration of either antihormone induced degeneration within the granulosa cells. In some of the affected granulosa cells, the nuclear material was condensed while the cytoplasm and associated organelles were unaltered. In others, the density of the cytoplasm was reduced, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was dilated but the nucleus remained unaltered. In vitro, either antihormone reduced granulosa-cell viability but the granulosa cells were twenty times more sensitive to CI 628 than to Flutamide. In addition, exposure to CI 628 induced nuclear condensation without affecting the cytoplasm, while Flutamide induced the deterioration of the cytoplasm without altering the nucleus. These observations suggest that: (1) both estrogen and androgens control the viability of the granulosa cells and thereby the follicle, (2) the action of estrogen and androgen is mediated through receptors within the granulosa cells since these antihormones prevent the nuclear uptake of their respective hormone, (3) the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles appears to be more dependent on estrogen than on androgen, and (4) each steroid appears to have a specific role in maintaining the granulosa cell; estrogens control the integrity of the nucleus while androgens preserve the cytoplasmic organization of the granulosa cell. PMID- 7016335 TI - Disruption of the in vivo distribution of the intermediate filaments in fibroblasts through the microinjection of a specific monoclonal antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (JLB1 and JLB7) that recognize minor components of the intermediate filament system of cultured cells were introduced into living fibroblasts by microinjection. Several minutes after injection of the JLB7 antibody virtually all of the intermediate filaments of the cells were found to be aggregated into tight bundles near or around the nucleus. In contrast, injection of the JLB1 antibody caused little or no aggregation of the intermediate filaments. Electron microscopy showed that the perinuclear bundles that formed after injection of the JLB7 antibody each consisted of ten or more filaments apparently crosslinked together. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy showed that virtually all of the vimentin-containing intermediate filaments in the JLB7 antibody-injected cells were redistributed to the perinuclear region and remained there for at least 24 hr. The distributions of actin microfilaments and microtubules were seemingly undisturbed following microinjection. No obvious changes in cell morphology or behavior were apparent in the cells injected with JLB7 antibody; the cells displayed a flat appearance, showed a polarity, were able to ruffle and bleb and even appeared to show the normal saltatory movements of intracellular vesicles, granules and mitochondria, suggesting that intermediate filaments are not involved in these activities. The microinjection of highly specific monoclonal antibodies that recognize and alter components of the cell provides an additional approach to determine the in vivo functions of intracellular elements. PMID- 7016334 TI - Termination of transcription and its regulation in the tryptophan operon of E. coli. PMID- 7016336 TI - Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during locomotion and phagocytosis. AB - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, highly motile ameboid cells vital for mammalian defense against infection, acquire a distinct polarized morphology during locomotion and phagocytosis. An organelle-excluding pseudopod extends in the direction of movement and surrounds objects during phagocytosis. The anterior pseudopod contains a three-dimensional network of actin filaments. Actin-binding protein (ABP) and myosin cause the crosslinking and contraction, respectively, of actin filaments in vitro. We used indirect immunofluorescence to study the redistribution of myosin and ABP molecules in rabbit PMN leukocytes during locomotion and phagocytosis. In unpolarized PMN leukocytes, ABP and myosin had a diffuse distribution with some predilection for the cortex. In polarized PMN leukocytes crawling toward yeast particles, myosin and ABP staining concentrated in the anterior pseudopod. In PMN leukocytes fixed during phagocytosis of the yeast particles, antimyosin and anti-ABP staining concentrated strikingly in the distal portions of the pseudopod embracing the yeasts. Staining for catalase, a cytoplasmic protein in PMN leukocytes, for lactoferrin, a protein of specific granules, and for myeloperoxidase, a protein of azurophilic granules, was not concentrated in pseudopods. Taken together with available morphologic and biochemical information, these findings are consistent with a mechanism wherein interactions of actin, ABP and myosin redistribute cortical cytoplasm into pseudopods involved in locomotion and phagocytosis. PMID- 7016337 TI - Feedback regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in E. coli: localization of the mRNA target sites for repressor action of ribosomal protein L1. AB - E. coli ribosomal protein L1 is a translational repressor of the synthesis in vitro of both proteins encoded in the L11 operon (L11 and L1). L1 is shown to act at a single target site within the first 160 bases of the bicistronic mRNA, near (or at) the translation initiation site of the L11 cistron. Synthesis of L1 apparently requires translation of the preceding L11 cistron, allowing regulation of the synthesis of both proteins froma single mRNA target site. This observation suggests a sequential translation mechanism that results in the equimolar synthesis rates of the two proteins observed in vivo. It was found that the presence of 23S rRNA, but not 16S rRNA, relieves translational inhibition by L1. L1 presumably recognizes structural features of the mRNA target site that are homologous to the L1-binding site of 23S rRNA. Although previous work indicated that translationally inhibited ribosomal protein mRNA is degraded in vivo, L1 repressor action in the present in vitro system was found not to involve mRNA degradation. PMID- 7016338 TI - Major histocompatibility antigens: the human (HLA-A, -B, -C) and murine (H-2K, H 2D) class I molecules. PMID- 7016339 TI - Cell-cycle regulation of yeast histone mRNA. AB - The levels of H2A and H2B mRNAs as a function of cell-cycle stage were determined by hybridization methods. The analysis was extended to H3 and H4 mRNAs by in vitro translation. Cells were partitioned into cell-cycle stages either by centrifugal elutriation or by G1 synchronization with the yeast mating pheromone, alpha factor. The data lead to the following conclusions. First, histone mRNA can be detected in significant quantities only in S-phase cells. Second, the point of maximal accumulation of histone mRNA is not coincident with the point of maximal DNA synthesis; rather, histone mRNA begins accumulating very early in S, reaching a maximum when less than one half of the DNA has replicated. From this point in the cell cycle the histone mRNA levels decrease, reaching basal levels at the end of S. Third, in spite of the fact that the rate of histone mRNA accumulation is not coincident with the rate of DNA synthesis, the two processes are coupled; inhibition of DNA synthesis results in an extremely rapid disappearance of histone mRNA that is much shorter than the normal histone mRNA half-life. Fourth, there is no visible accumulation of mRNA precursors at any cell-cycle stage. We can conclude that, in yeast, histone mRNA levels are tightly and coordinately regulated throughout cell division and that this regulation most likely occurs at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We also show that the two genetically unlinked H2B genes present in yeast are both expressed at comparable levels and are regulated. The regulation is probably sequence-specific, since genes in close proximity to the histones are not subject to cell-cycle control. PMID- 7016340 TI - Yeast histone genes show dosage compensation. AB - The copy number of yeast histone genes was increased by inserting an extra H2A,H2B gene pair into the haploid genome by the technique of yeast transformation. The presence of this extra gene copy has no detectable effect on cell growth. The steady-state levels of histone H2A,H2B mRNAs are not elevated in transformed strains, and they correspond to the levels measured for the parental strain. The transcription rate is increased in these strains, however, and the parental steady-state levels of histone mRNAs are maintained by increased turnover of histone transcripts. These results demonstrate that yeast histone genes display dosage compensation through the operation of posttranscriptional controls. They also suggest that maintainance of a constant ratio between histone mRNA concentration and the rate of chromosome replication may be of general importance to histone mRNA metabolism. PMID- 7016341 TI - Identification of ribosomal protein S7 as a repressor of translation within the str operon of E. coli. AB - A DNA-directed in vitro protein-synthesizing system was used to demonstrate that r protein S7 has the capacity to inhibit the translation of mRNA for the second and third gene products of the str operon (S7 and EF-G) but not for the first gene product (S12). Translation of mRNA of the last gene product in the operon (EF-Tu) is also probably not inhibited by S7. In addition, we localized the target site for S7 repressor action on the polycistronic str mRNA by examining the repressor activity of S7 in vitro using various template DNAs that contain the gene. The target site was found not to include a promoter-proximal portion of the mRNA for S12. To test for regulatory properties of S7 in vivo, we inserted the S7 gene into a plasmid vector containing the ara regulatory elements such that S7 synthesis was placed under ara control. A specific increase in S7 synthesis caused by stimulation in transcription originating from the arabinose promoter decreased the synthetic rate for EF-G but had no effect on S12 or EF-Tu synthesis. PMID- 7016342 TI - Localization of PNA-binding and nonbinding thymus cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. PMID- 7016343 TI - Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. XIII. Kinetics of maturation of neonatal B lymphocytes to produce a heterogeneous antibody response to a T-independent antigen. PMID- 7016344 TI - Differential effects of prostaglandins on the antitumor activity of normal and BCG-activated macrophages. PMID- 7016345 TI - The induction of cell-mediated immunity and tolerance to insulin with insulin coupled to syngeneic lymphoid cells. PMID- 7016346 TI - Retention of zinc phosphate cement as influenced by post material. PMID- 7016347 TI - The occurrence of albumin in the rat liver. A light and electron microscope immunocytochemical study. PMID- 7016348 TI - [Immunology of pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7016349 TI - [Inhibin - a new ovarian hormone]. PMID- 7016350 TI - [Plastic tamponade of the common nasal passage]. PMID- 7016351 TI - [Major questions in the history of Czechoslovak-Soviet medical relations from 1918 to 1952]. PMID- 7016352 TI - [Czech hygiene and Czech society at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries]. PMID- 7016354 TI - [Hepatic lesions caused by open and closed injuries of the abdomen]. PMID- 7016353 TI - [Clinical considerations on primary malignant lymphomas of the stomach]. AB - Starting from a critical revision of eight cases of primitive malignant gastric lymphoma that they had observed during the last four years in Surgical Clinic of University of Pavia, the AA. refer the notions in regard to this neoplastic form. After having discussed the problems of etiopathogenesis of lymphoma and the most characteristic clinical forms, the AA. describe the modern views of diagnosis and the therapy on the base of literature and their personal casistry. Outlined the necessity of a precocious diagnosis and the possibilities that gastroscopy with looked at biopsy affers, the AA., also on the base of their experience, show like selective therapy of primitive malignant gastric lymphoma, the surgical treatment with complememtary cyclic polichemioterapy. PMID- 7016355 TI - [Radiotherapy of tumors of the bladder and urethra]. AB - With regard to vesica tumors, a remarkable difficulty for the interpretation of statistical data is often given by the different classifications that the different authors use. Therefore we have reported a comparative table always for being faithful to what we wished at the beginning of this work that has be useful to the doctor above all by a clinical point of view. In synthesis all the Authors think that radiotherapy is not the elective treatment for tumors in O or A stage, while it can be efficient in the therapy of vesica neoplasies in B1, B2 and C stages. The most Authors seem less favourable to preoperating irradiation of tumor above all for the unexact intraoperating valuation of "staging" that is inevitable after this treatment. Postoperating radiotherapy (5000-6000 R in 20-30 days) can be more useful in the cases of incomplete surgical exeresis although there is the problem of possible radiolesions of eventual uretero-intestinal anastomosis let alone of intestine. In the end urethra tumors are sensitive to radiotherapy for their superficiality and excellent tolerance of membrum to radiations that permits also the giving of 6000-7000 R in 4-6 days. PMID- 7016357 TI - Specificity in strength training: a review for the coach and athlete. PMID- 7016356 TI - [Mycotic aneurysm of bronchial artery. Apropos of a case in an infant]. AB - The authors report the case of a 15 day old neonate presenting a beta hemolitic streptococic (group A) infection, followed by cardio-respiratory failure and radiological opacification of the left superior lobe associated with ventilatory troubles at the left lung base. Massive hemoptysis made an angiographic study mandatory with the diagnosis of a mediastinal vascular tumor placed besides the left descending aorta with compression of the left bronchovasculary pedicule. Tumor ressection was not possible during surgical exploration and a left superior lobectomy was performed. Histological examination showed pulmonary infarctus. The child died a few weeks later. Autopsy revealed mycotic arterial aneurysm of the superior bronchic artery, a very rare lesion considering its localisation and the age of the patient. PMID- 7016358 TI - Continuous vs. interval training: a review for the athlete and the coach. AB - Both interval and continuous training are necessary in order to maximize the endurance athlete's potential for competition. Continuous submaximal training exerts its greatest effect upon the oxygen transport system of the body, while high intensity endurance-interval training exerts its greatest effect on the structural and biochemical properties of the muscle. The physiological basis for both forms of training is discussed and recommendations are made for year-round training and training to elevate the anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7016359 TI - Review: acute versus chronic response to burn injury. AB - The acute response to burn injury is referred to as the ebb, or shock, phase. It is characterized as a hypodynamic state, with both cardiac output and metabolic rate being depressed. Hyperglycemia is evident, owing both to an increased rate of production of glucose and a peripheral "insulin resistance." Lactate production is markedly elevated, whereas the FFA response is variable. Clinically, the predominant concern is repletion of the plasma volume that was lost as a consequence of increased capillary permeability. If adequate fluid resuscitation is administered, recovery from burn shock can usually be accomplished. The chronic response to burn injury, or flow phase, may last for many weeks. It is a hyperdynamic state, with both cardiac output and metabolic rate being elevated. Without appropriate nutritional therapy, severe protein wasting can occur as a consequence of an accelerated rate of protein catabolism. The increase in protein catabolism is associated with an increase in the rate of glucose production. There appear to be changes in fat metabolism as well, but more quantitative studies are needed in this area. In general, improved emergency room treatment has greatly improved survival from burn shock, and the focus of much of the study of the response to burn injury has consequently shifted to the flow phase. In that regard, many important questions still remain unanswered. The most pressing problem to those interested in metabolism and nutrition is probably the identification of the signal for the metabolic response evident in the flow phase. PMID- 7016361 TI - Mechanism of increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle during E coli endotoxin shock in the dog. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism of skeletal muscle was studied during 2 mg/kg E coli endotoxin shock in dogs. During natural (free-flow) conditions, glucose uptake by the muscle increased markedly during 6 hours of shock. Increased glucose uptake occurred concomitant with muscle ischemia and hypoxia. However, when muscle blood flow was held constant, thereby preventing local muscle ischemia and hypoxia, glucose uptake by the gracilis muscle did not change during shock. These results implicate local muscle ischemia and/or hypoxia as the mediator(s) of the increased muscle glucose uptake during shock. Further studies demonstrated that local muscle hypoxia was the stimulus for increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle during endotoxin shock, and muscle ischemia per se did not alter muscle glucose uptake. Since approximately 50% of body mass is composed of skeletal muscle, the contribution of this organ system in the hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock in the dog may be substantial. PMID- 7016362 TI - Cellular mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7016360 TI - Does sodium pentobarbital anesthesia compromise clearance of bacteria or survival of dogs in lethal E coli shock? AB - Recent reports have indicated that circulating leukocytes play a prominent role in promoting survival in endotoxin and live E coli shock. Anesthesia has been reported to compromise host defense by depressing phagocytic activity. This study was designed to determine whether sodium pentobarbital would adversely affect leukocyte concentrations, E coli clearance, blood glucose concentrations, and survival of dogs in lethal E coli shock. A leukocytosis was produced in some dogs using daily sublethal intravenous injections of E coli endotoxin for 3 days. Three groups of dogs were challenged with LD100 E coli: Group A (saline pretreated, normal leukocyte count, unanesthetized); Group B (endotoxin pretreated, leukocytotic, anesthetized); and Group C (endotoxin-pretreated, leukocytotic, unanesthetized). Groups B and C reduced circulating E coli concentrations similarly but significantly more than Group A. All animals in Group A died, all in Group C lived, and 67% in Group B lived. The reduction in survival in Group B was probably due to the marked hemoconcentration in the anesthetized dogs which were unable to drink, rather than a compromise of their host defense. Inasmuch as phagocytic activity was similar between anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs, results suggest that barbiturate anesthesia is not deleterious to host defense. PMID- 7016363 TI - Microvascular pressure distribution and responses of pulmonary allografts and cheek pouch arterioles in the hamster to oxygen. AB - Despite extensive investigations of the pulmonary circulation using both in vitro and in vitro preparations, few direct microcirculatory studies have been made. Consequently, the mechanisms involved in the response of the pulmonary microvasculature to changes in oxygen tension remain unclear. The present study represents the first direct observation of the responses in pulmonary microvessels to alterations in oxygen tension. Neonatal lung tissue was transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch using a chamber technique. Both tissues were characterized with respect to their microvascular pressure profile and vascular response to hypoxia. The results showed the two tissues to be remarkably different. Small pulmonary and cheek pouch arterioles exhibited opposite responses to changes in oxygen environment; hypoxia elicited a constriction of pulmonary arterioles, but a dilation of cheek pouch arterioles. Pulmonary capillary pressure, although comparable to that measured in the intact lung (13 mm Hg), was substantially lower than cheek pouch capillary pressure, which was within the range of that described for several systemic vascular beds. The microcirculatory effects of oxygen on both tissues were confined to the arteriolar segments. The characteristics of this pulmonary microcirculation are such that it is a unique model for further physiological and pharmacological studies. PMID- 7016364 TI - Responses of pulmonary allograft and cheek pouch arterioles in the hamster to alterations in extravascular pressure in different oxygen environments. AB - The responses to changes in transmural pressure were investigated in pulmonary allograft and cheek pouch arterioles in two oxygen environments. Neonatal hamster lung tissue was transplanted into adult hamster cheek pouches. After vascularization (8-10 days), pulmonary and cheek pouch vessels were observed by intravital microscopy in hamsters anesthetized with pentobarbital. By gassing the suffusion solution (bicarbonate-buffered Ringer's) (pH 7.4 at 35-37 degrees C) with either low oxygen (95% N2/5% CO2) or high oxygen (75% N2/5% CO2/20% O2) and after sealing the top of the chamber, extravascular pressure was altered by varying the fluid volume of the closed chamber. Changes in arteriolar diameters in response to positive and negative square-wave pressure pulses were quantified using a video micrometer and close-circuit TV system. Pulmonary arterioles showed a passive dilation or constriction in response to increases or decreases in transmural pressure (+/-20 mm Hg). These responses were not altered either by changes in PO2 or nitroprusside. In contrast, cheek pouch arterioles showed myogenic responses by constricting when transmural pressure was increased and vice versa. These responses were potentiated at high PO2 and abolished with nitroprusside. It is concluded that a myogenic response is dominant in cheek pouch arterioles but not in pulmonary arterioles under these conditions. These latter observations are consistent with results obtained from isolated, intact lung. PMID- 7016365 TI - Indomethacin decreases arterial blood pressure and plasma renin activity in rats with aortic ligation. AB - Severe renovascular hypertension was produced in rats by complete aortic ligation between the origin of the renal arteries. Six days after coarctation, a carotid cannula was implanted and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined. Subsequently, indomethacin (5 mg/kg in oil) or vehicle was administered subcutaneously three times in the following 24-hour period. On day 7, MABP and PRA were again determined. Indomethacin reduced MABP from 179.0 +/- 6.7 to 156.5 +/- 8.8 mm Hg (P less than 0.002, n = 11) and PRA from 21.2 +/- 7.3 to 9.3 +/- 2.9 ng AI/ml per hr (P less than 0.045, n = 10), whereas vehicle treatment did not alter either MABP or PRA (n = 6). There was a significant association between the decrease in MABP and the percentage decrease in PRA following indomethacin treatment (r = 0.766, P less than 0.016). A similar study was performed in aortic ligated rats in which the left kidney was removed at the time of ligation. In these animals, 6 days after surgery, MABP and PRA were 128.0 +/- 5.9 mm Hg and 0.11 +/- 0.06 ng AI/ml per hr (n = 6), respectively, and indomethacin had no effect on either MABP or PRA. These data provide evidence that the prostaglandin system is involved in the release of renin and in the pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure in this model of renin-dependent hypertension. PMID- 7016366 TI - Chronic excretion of enteropathogenic bacteria in the faeces--a possible association with allergy to cow's milk. AB - Two children with protracted gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be chronically excreting enteropathogenic bacteria in their faeces. Withdrawal of cows' milk protein from their diets resulted in clinical recovery and stool cultures became negative, suggesting that allergy to cows' milk may have contributed to their bacterial carrier state. PMID- 7016367 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine and theophylline with the Abbott VP Bichromatic Analyzer. AB - The enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) for the assay of phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine and theophylline was adapted to the Abbott VP Bichromatic Analyzer. Reagent consumption is reduced by the use of a stable working dilution of EMIT reagent B in EMIT buffer. Correlation with the standard EMIT method is excellent. This procedure greatly increases the maximum number of tests per kit. The method is an accurate and economical alternative to the standard EMIT method. PMID- 7016368 TI - The role of organic volatile profiles in clinical diagnosis. AB - The organic volatile constituents of biological fluids contain clinically useful diagnostic information for the recognition of metabolic disorders in man. To gain access to this information, it was necessary to develop the methodology for reproducibly stripping the trace concentrations of volatiles from biological fluids (dynamic headspace, gas phase-stripping, solvent extraction, and the transevaporator technique), to separate the complex extracts by high-resolution capillary column gas chromatography, and to develop computer-aided data-handling and pattern-recognition techniques for analyzing the immense amount of information generated. The normal and pathological organic volatiles identified by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry in urine, serum, and breast milk are tabulated. Clinical applications of the above techniques to the study and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, respiratory virus infection, renal insufficiency, and cancer are described. PMID- 7016369 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for specific determination of the synthetic estrogen, ethynyl estradiol, in plasma. AB - In this enzyme immunoassay for ethynyl estradiol, a conjugate of the 3-(O carboxymethyl)ether with horseradish peroxidase is used as the label and a conjugate of the 6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime with bovine serum albumin as the immunogen. A solid-phase antibody procedure is used in separating antibody-bound and free steroid. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay is 2 pg per assay tube. Interference by synthetic progestagens was minimized by extracting the sample with an anti-estrogen serum before assay. Results obtained with a comparison radioimmunoassay and this procedure agreed well (r greater than 0.98). PMID- 7016370 TI - Alternatives to radioimmunoassay: labels and methods. AB - We review the following labels used as substitutes for radioisotopes in immunoassay systems: bacteriophages, chemiluminescence precursors, fluorochromes, fluorogens, fluorescence quenchers, enzymes, coenzymes, inhibitors, substrates, various particulates, metal atoms, and stable free radicals. New methods for performing immunoassays with these labels are described where appropriate. Methods that require no separation steps and offer special promise for easy automation are noted. PMID- 7016371 TI - Fluoroimmunoassay of progesterone in human serum or plasma. AB - We describe a fluoroimmunoassay for progesterone in serum or plasma. The assay involves use of an antiserum to progesterone-11-hemisuccinate and a labeled antigen prepared by linking fluoresceinamine to progesterone-3-carboxymethyloxime by use of a mixed-anhydride procedure. Serum or plasma samples are extracted with hexane. After incubation of a portion of the evaporated extract with antiserum and labeled antigen, antibody-bound and free antigen are separated and the fluorescence of the bound fraction is measured. Separation is effected either by using ammonium sulfate to precipitate liquid-phase antiserum or by using a solid phase antiserum: antiserum covalently linked to magnetizable cellulose particles, which are separated with a magnet. With either separation technique, analytical recovery, linearity, and precision were acceptable and results compared satisfactorily with those obtained with a conventional radioimmunoassay. The solid-phase assay is more precise and more technically convenient, but the performance of both fluoroimmunoassays was adequate for clinical use in the detection of ovulation. PMID- 7016372 TI - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. I. Monitoring aminoglycoside antibiotics in serum and plasma. AB - Fluorescence polarization immunoassays of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in plasma and serum are described and shown to be clinically useful. The aminoglycoside tracers were prepared by reacting the parent compounds with 5-[(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)-amino] fluorescein. Antisera specific for the compounds were raised in rabbits by conventional procedures. Tracer, sample, and diluted antiserum are combined and, after a 15-min incubation at ambient temperature, the polarization of the fluorescence of the tracer is determined in a specially designed fluorometer. The assays are designed to give accurate trough (i.e., minimum during therapy) values and to be free of matrix effects. Severely icteric samples may interfere, but this can be overcome by blank subtraction. The performance of the assays with clinical specimens compared favorably with that of some commercially available assays. PMID- 7016373 TI - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. II. Analyzer for rapid, precise measurement of fluorescence polarization with use of disposable cuvettes. AB - This instrument, developed for quantitating fluorescence polarization immunoassays, automatically measures both polarization components and computes a polarization value corrected for background and optical bias. An electronically switched liquid crystal provides a nonmechanical means of rotating the plane of polarization in the excitation optics. The electronic design features digital integration and microprocessor controlled functions. Readings are made in disposable 12 X 75 mm round culture tubes. in less than 10 s. Results are precise to 0.001 polarization unit, linear from 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol of fluorescein per liter, and correlate well with those obtained with other "high-performance" instrumentation. PMID- 7016374 TI - Simplified method for measuring sex-hormone binding globulin. AB - We describe a simple, rapid method for measurement of sex-hormone binding globulin. Serial dilutions of pregnancy serum are prepared in serum from males that has been pre-treated by heating to 60 degrees C for 1 h to destroy endogenous binding globulin, which is then determined by a long-used technique to yield a set of "standards." In the assay itself, a fixed amount of [3H]-labeled and unlabeled dihydrotestosterone is incubated with standard or unknown, and the bound fraction precipitated with saturated ammonium sulfate. A plot of percent of the steroid bound vs standard dilution yields a sigmoid curve, from which the results in unknowns can be read by simple extrapolation. Within-assay CVs for pools of serum from men, women, and women in late pregnancy were 6.56, 9.59, and 8.4%, respectively. Between-assay CVs for the same pools were 8.05, 9.5, and 11.5%, respectively. The correlation between results obtained by this method and those of the older technique was 0.95 for samples from non-pregnant subjects and 0.73 for those from pregnant women. Our procedure is simpler and faster than previous methods and accurately measures the differences in the globulin in sera from men, women, and pregnant women. Forty to 50 samples can be assayed in a working day. PMID- 7016375 TI - Martin Rubin: a profile. PMID- 7016376 TI - Plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels in pregnancy. AB - One hundred and five determinations of plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) levels in 96 women with normal pregnancies were done by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in this laboratory. Plasma alpha 1AG levels in pregnant women of all trimesters and 4-10 weeks post-partum period do not differ significantly from those obtained from healthy women of child bearing age. In nine women whose pregnancies were complicated by acute inflammation, plasma levels of alpha 1AG were significantly higher. These findings suggest that in normal pregnancy, alpha 1 AG levels in the plasma remain unchanged. But, pregnancy does not obscure alpha 1 AG response to acute inflammation. PMID- 7016377 TI - A solid phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of serum ferritin. AB - A non-competitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of ferritin in human serum is described. This procedure involves the use of specific antibody covalently attached to derivatized hydrophilic microparticles and enzyme labeled specific antibody. Reproducible results were achieved within 4 h for ferritin in serum in the range of 4 ng/ml to 250 ng/ml. Ferritin levels as low as 0.4 ng/ml can be measured. The enzyme immunoassay and three commercially available radioimmunoassay(RIA) kits were used to determine serum ferritin levels in healthy adults. Good agreement was found between the enzyme immunoassay and the RIA methods. PMID- 7016378 TI - A stable isotope dilution assay for the antiparkinsonian drug benztropine in biological fluids. AB - A quantitative gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay was developed for the determination of benztropine in human urine and plasma. The assay utilizes selected ion focusing to monitor in a GC effluent a specific fragment ion of benztropine generated by electron-impact ionization. Benztropine-d3 was the internal standard. The assay can measure 5 ng/ml of benztropine/ml with about 6% precision. The curve relating the amounts of benztropine added versus the amounts found over a large range of benztropine concentrations was a straight line with a nearly zero intercept and a slope of 0.98 +/- 0.02. The method was used for the analysis of benztropine in urine and plasma of patients on therapeutic dose of the drug. PMID- 7016379 TI - Hyperzincuria in insulin treated diabetes mellitus--its relation to glucose homeostasis and insulin administration. AB - In order to elucidate some pathogenic factors of diabetic hyperzincuria we studied 60 adult insulin treated diabetic out-patients (40 males and 20 females), all with normal serum creatinine concentrations and absence of proteinuria during a 24-h period. Diabetic males and females both had significantly (p less than 0.01) increased zinc excretion rates (1.14 +/- 0.06 (S.E.M.) mumol/mmol creatinine and 1.37 +/- 0.10 mumol/mmol creatinine) compared with normal males and females (0.55 +/- 0.06 and 0.48 +/- 0.08, respectively). The urinary zinc excretion rate correlated positively with the degree of glycosuria (r = 0.36, p less than 0.01), but was not associated with the duration of the disease. However, serum zinc levels gave no evidence of a state of zinc depletion in these patients. It was calculated that zinc originating from a diabetic bone loss and the exogenous insulin administration accounted for only a small part of the hyperzincuria. Compensatory hyperabsorption and/or increased zinc content in the diabetic diet may therefore serve to explain the lack of zinc depletion in the presence of hyperzincuria. PMID- 7016380 TI - Pathological factors influencing excision of tumours in the head and neck. Part I. PMID- 7016382 TI - Radionuclide ventriculography: syringohydromyelia. PMID- 7016381 TI - Adrenal scan in 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: false indication of adrenal adenoma. AB - A patient who was thought to have testicular feminization syndrome and primary aldosteronism had an adrenal scan that suggested an adrenal adenoma. After later diagnosis of 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, she was treated with glucocorticoids rather than surgery. Her clinical course and a repeat adrenal scan confirmed she did not have a tumor. PMID- 7016384 TI - Nomograms for drug use in renal disease. AB - The medical literature is replete with dosing guidelines for patients with renal dysfunction. Altering dosing regimens in such patients is particularly important with drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, such as digoxin and the aminoglycoside antibiotics. A variety of methods have been used to devise dosing nomograms. This article reviews the salient features of different methods, and addresses the issues of predictability or unpredictability in attaining desired plasma concentrations of drug. It is suggested that therapy must be individualised, and that the clinician can best plan his therapy by understanding the principles on which dose adjustment is based, rather than using the same nomogram or guideline for each and every patient. PMID- 7016386 TI - Cesarean section; current trends and perspectives. PMID- 7016387 TI - Birth-associated injury. PMID- 7016388 TI - Intrapartum management of the cardiac patient. PMID- 7016385 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulphonylurea hypoglycaemic drugs. PMID- 7016389 TI - The intrapartum management of breech presentation. PMID- 7016390 TI - Quantitation of uterine activity. PMID- 7016391 TI - The pharmacology and use of oxytocin. PMID- 7016383 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drug overdose. AB - Pharmacokinetics of drugs taken in overdose may differ from those observed following therapeutic doses. Differences are due both to dose-dependent changes and to effects of drugs or pathophysiological consequences of the overdose on kinetics. Dose-dependent changes in rate and extent of absorption, bioavailability (saturation of first-pass metabolism), distribution (saturation of protein binding sites) and metabolism are discussed. Gastrointestinal motility is affected both by specific drug actions, such as delayed gastric emptying by anticholinergic drugs, and by general nervous system depression caused by many drugs. Drug-induced circulatory insufficiency may retard tissue distribution and reduce clearance. Disturbances in blood and urine pH may alter distribution and clearance of weak acids and bases. Drug-induced renal or hepatic failure can significantly decrease clearance. Hypothermia is a common complication of drug overdose and might retard distribution and also reduce clearance. The data concerning pharmacokinetics during overdose are usually incomplete and difficult to interpret. Doses and times of ingestion are uncertain, duration of blood and urine sampling is often inadequate to distinguish absorption from distribution and elimination phases, active metabolites are not measured, protein binding is not determined and clinical features of patients not adequately described. We have, however, reviewed available data for salicylate, paracetamol (acetaminophen), barbiturates, ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, chloral hydrate, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, phenytoin, ethanol, theophylline, digoxin, amphetamine and phencyclidine. PMID- 7016392 TI - The role of prostaglandins in ripening the cervix and inducing labor. PMID- 7016393 TI - Forceps--use and abuse. PMID- 7016394 TI - Vacuum extractor. PMID- 7016395 TI - Fetal scalp blood sampling and transcutaneous PO2. AB - Continuous transcutaneous PO2 monitoring has yielded some interesting information about the relationships of fetal oxygenation and the fetal heart rate. Notwithstanding the factors that may adversely affect the results obtained by this technique, further insights regarding fetal oxygenation may be gained. Ultimately, the clinical application of this instrument in high-risk situations is possible, yielding more information about the fetus during labor. Fetal scalp blood sampling, performed meticulously, will provide accurate blood pH values and should be employed when a differentiation between fetal stress and distress must be made. Other means of obtaining information about fetal acid-base balance are being developed and may become important tools in selected instances. PMID- 7016397 TI - Hodgkin's disease: a curable malignancy. PMID- 7016396 TI - Furosemide kinetics and dynamics after kidney transplant. AB - We examined differences between responder (R) (40 to 80 mg/day) and nonresponder (NR) (greater than or equal to 120 mg/day) patients after kidney transplant with respect to furosemide kinetics and dynamics. Nonresponders had reduced plasma clearance (NR 64 +/- 21.4 and R 105 +/- 23 ml/min, two-sample t test; p less than 0.05), renal clearance (NR 18.4 +/- 8.1 and R 47.1 +/- 11.0 ml/min; p less than 0.005), and renal clearance to creatinine clearance ratio (NR 0.43 +/- 0.15 and R 0.80 +/- 0.07; p less than 0.005). Half-life rose in the nonresponders (NR 130 +/ 13 and R 87.6 +/- 16.3 min; p less than 0.005). There was no difference between groups with respect to nonrenal clearance, extent of availability, volume of distribution steady state, and the fraction of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine after intravenous administration. These results suggest that nonresponders have less ability to secrete furosemide into tubular fluid as well as less ability to respond to drug. PMID- 7016398 TI - Pulmonary oedema. PMID- 7016399 TI - The sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system in borderline hypertension. AB - 1. Plasma catecholamine levels as well as plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration were compared in normotensive volunteers and in subjects with borderline hypertension. All subjects were studied at rest and during bicycle ergometry. 2. The two groups of volunteer subjects did not differ in the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline, both at rest and during physical activity. The same was true for plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration. Furthermore, urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and 4 hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid was similar in both groups. 3. The results do not support the assumption that there is increased sympathetic activity in subjects with borderline hypertension. PMID- 7016400 TI - Renin in the mouse kidney has a molecular weight of 40 000. AB - 1. Mouse kidney was homogenized in a mixture of serine-metallo- and thiol-enzyme inhibitors. The homogenate proteins were separated with respect to size and charge by gel filtration, agarose electrophoresis and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. Renin was localized by its enzymatic activity by using the antibody trapping radio-immunoassay for angiotensin I, before and after acid treatment and limited proteolysis. Renin was also localized by its antigenic properties by using antirenin antibodies elicited against pure mouse submaxillary renin. The antibody cross-reacted fully with mouse kidney renin and with high molecular-weight renin forms in mouse plasma. 3. In the kidney only fully enzymically active 40 000 renin could be detected enzymically and antigenically. No high-molecular-weight renin or inactive renin was demonstrable. 4. Two electrophoretically different renin forms were seen in accordance with renin being a glycoprotein. They were both fully enzymically active with identical specific enzymatic activities. 5. The mouse kidney renin had a specific enzymatic activity identical with that of pure mouse submaxillary renin, being 0.4 Goldblatt unit/microgram. PMID- 7016401 TI - Impaired lipoprotein lipase activation by uraemic and post-transplant sera. AB - 1. Lipoprotein lipase was separated from normal human post-heparin plasma by affinity chromatography and assayed with a 14C-labelled triolein emulsion. No enzyme activity was detected unless whole serum was included in the assay as a source of cofactor, apolipoprotein C-II. 2. After a 10 h fast, serum obtained from 46 normal subjects, eight patients with hypertriglyceridaemia but normal renal function, patients with chronic renal failure (24 undialysed, 20 haemodialysed) and 14 recipients of renal allografts, was added to incubation medium for the assay of lipoprotein lipase to determine the maximum activation of the enzyme. 3. When serum was obtained from normal subjects, maximum activation of the enzyme correlated positively with the concentration of triacylglycerol in the sample. Neither sex nor age had a significant effect on the maximum activation achieved by serum from control subjects. 4. The maximum lipoprotein lipase-activating capacity of serum from uraemic and transplant patients was significantly reduced when compared with serum from healthy controls or from the non-uraemic hypertriglyceridaemic patients. 5. Maximum enzyme activation correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum from undialysed patients, but did not correlate positively with total serum triacylglycerols in any of the patient groups. Only in transplant recipients was there a significant inverse relationship between serum creatinine concentrations and maximum enzyme activation. 6. Although lipoprotein lipase activation was impaired in uraemic subjects and renal transplant recipients, this appeared to be due more to the presence of an inhibitor than to cofactor deficiency. PMID- 7016402 TI - A comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of individual branched-chain amino acids on blood amino acid levels in man. AB - 1. Intravenous infusions of L-valine (600 mumol/min), L-isoleucine (150 mumol/min), L-leucine (300 mumol/min) and a mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids (70% L-leucine, 20% L-valine, 10% L-isoleucine; 270 mumol/min) were given to four groups of healthy volunteer subjects. Whole-blood concentrations of amino acids and glucose and serum insulin were measured before and during the infusions. 2. Valine and isoleucine infusions resulted in twelve- and six-fold increases in the respective amino acid. During valine infusion, tyrosine was the only amino acid for which a decrease in concentration was seen (25%, P less than 0.05). With isoleucine administration, no significant changes were found. In contrast, leucine infusion (during which the leucine concentration rose about sixfold) was accompanied by significant decreases in tyrosine (35%), phenylalanine (35%), methionine (50%), valine (40%) and isoleucine (55%). The arterial glucose concentration fell slightly (5%) and the insulin concentration increased 20% during leucine infusion. 3. Infusion of the mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids resulted in marked decreases in tyrosine (50%), phenylalanine (50%) and methionine (35%). The decreased amino acid levels remained low for 2 h after the end of the infusion. 4. The present findings demonstrate that intravenous infusion of leucine (not infusion of valine or isoleucine) results in marked reductions in the concentrations of the aromatic amino acids and methionine. Infusion of a mixture of the three branched-chain amino acids gives results similar to those obtained with leucine infusion alone. Thus a mixed branched-chain amino acid solution with leucine as its main constituent seems to be the best alternative in the treatment of patients with hepatic cirrhosis and encephalopathy. PMID- 7016403 TI - Inactive renin: an attempt at a perspective. PMID- 7016404 TI - Tropical malabsorption: recent concepts in pathogenesis and nutritional significance. PMID- 7016405 TI - The importance of clinical pharmacology in drug development. PMID- 7016406 TI - Protein degradation in human skeletal muscle tissue: the effect of insulin, leucine, amino acids and ions. AB - 1. The protein degradation rate of human skeletal muscle was evaluated in vitro in isolated fibre bundles from the rectus abdominus muscle by measuring the tyrosine released from muscle tissue proteins. Protein metabolism in this semi intact preparation was compared with that of the intact extensor digitorum longus muscles from rats under the same experimental conditions. 2. Protein balance was negative in both preparations, but protein synthesis and degradation were two to three times higher in the rat muscles. Tyrosine was released at a constant rate for at least 3 h of incubation independent of whether protein synthesis was inhibited or not. Disintegration of the muscle fibres more than doubled the tyrosine release rate. Human red gastrocnemius muscle showed 37% higher degradation rate compared with the predominantly white rectus abdominus muscle. The half-life of human skeletal muscle protein in vitro was estimated to be 20 days when calculated from the rate of tyrosine release. 3. The addition of leucine to the incubation medium decreased the rate of protein degradation, which was further decreased by the addition of other amino acids. Insulin did not influence the protein degradation rate during 2 h of incubation. This did not reflect a lack of sensitivity to insulin of the preparation, since protein synthesis responded to insulin. Calcium (5 mmol/l) stimulated and zinc (0.1 mmol/l) inhibited the protein degradation. 4. This experimental system may be suitable as an additional tool for evaluating protein degradation in human skeletal muscles. PMID- 7016407 TI - Portal vein prostacyclin activity in experimental portal hypertension in rats. AB - 1. Portal hypertension was produced experimentally in rats by partial ligation of the portal vein. 2. One week later portal veins of these animals were shown to release significantly greater amounts of prostacyclin than control animals. 3. It is postulated that if this response occurs in man, local vasodilatation and inhibition of platelet aggregation may be exacerbatory factors in the severity of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices that complicate portal hypertension. PMID- 7016408 TI - [Membrane protectors and silymarin in hepatology therapy]. PMID- 7016409 TI - [Double-blind study of the therapeutic activity of a new hypolipemic drug: etofibrate]. PMID- 7016410 TI - [Nifedipine and essential arterial hypertension refractory to hypotensive therapy: results of a preliminary double-blind study]. PMID- 7016411 TI - [Undesired effects of cimetidine: review of the literature]. PMID- 7016412 TI - [Transfusion of granulocytes]. PMID- 7016413 TI - [Criteria for the choice of an antibiotics]. PMID- 7016414 TI - [Action of narcotic drugs and natural opioids on somatotropin secretion]. PMID- 7016415 TI - [Multi-center clinical study of the effects of a vasoregulatory-eumetabolic drug (vincamine hydrochloride) on the psychological symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7016416 TI - [Effects of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, on arterial pressure and plasma renin activity in subjects with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7016417 TI - [Sexuality in the aged: physiopathological aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7016418 TI - [Limitations and advantages of medical or surgical treatment of extra-articular disorders of the hand]. PMID- 7016419 TI - Comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and a high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of quinidine in serum. PMID- 7016420 TI - Cyanide poisoning. AB - In recent years, the increasing use of laetrile has been added to the traditional sources of exposure to cyanide in industry, chemistry labs, and fumigation. The events in Jonestown in 1978 were a grim reminder of the lethality of cyanide. Nonetheless, advancement in new modes of treatment has been slow. The traditional method of treatment used in the United States is effective, but not without its own morbidity and mortality. Using two case reports as models, we review here the topic of cyanide poisoning including sources of exposure, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations of both acute and chronic exposure, and modes of treatment. Although there is currently no accepted alternate treatment in this country, review of the literature shows promise in other modalities being investigated in Europe, including hydroxocobalamin, cobalt salts, and particularly aminophenols. PMID- 7016421 TI - New developments in renal transplantation. PMID- 7016422 TI - Immune complex determination. PMID- 7016423 TI - Renin. PMID- 7016424 TI - Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: selective therapy. AB - Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers ordinarily have an excellent prognosis and are associated with little or no mortality in the majority of patients. However, in others these tumors may become metastatic or extensively invasive and can result in mortality. Patients over the age of 40 characteristically have a less favorable prognosis, with tumors portending a less favorable outcome and a need for more aggressive therapy. Papillary cancers that are large (greater than 1.5 cm), bilateral, metastatic, or locally invasive, and most follicular cancers should be treated with total or near-total thyroidectomy followed by total ablation of remaining tissue that concentrates 131I. In most instances lymph nodes should be simply excised. Thyroid suppression of TSH should always be done. Survival is usually excellent except when the tumor is locally invasive or is metastatic to a distant site. In these instances mortality is substantially reduced if the tumor concentrates 131I and residual tumor can be completely ablated by 131I. PMID- 7016425 TI - Neonatal jaundice in ABO incompatible infants. Computer-assisted evaluation of risk of hyperbilirubinaemia and analysis of differences between sexes. PMID- 7016426 TI - A new computer program for the analysis of pediatric scalar electrocardiograms. PMID- 7016427 TI - [Relationship between the Nightingale Nursing School and Tokyo Hospital Nursing School]. PMID- 7016428 TI - [The passionate humanist: from Nightingale to the new nurse]. PMID- 7016429 TI - A brief history of tuberculosis. PMID- 7016430 TI - Delayed Serratia empyema post pneumonectomy treated with thoracoplasty and muscle flap. PMID- 7016431 TI - The antigonadotropic activity of Lithospermum ruderale. II. The inhibition of LRF induced gonadotropin release in vitro. AB - The antigonadotropic activity of lithosperm extracts was investigated at the pituitary level. When lithosperm extracts were added to primary pituitary cell cultures, LRF-stimulated LH release was inhibited. The cellular LH content was reduced but basal release was not significantly affected. These results suggest that lithosperm acts to directly inhibit the ability of LRF to stimulate LH release from the gonadotropes and the ability of the gonadotropes to produce LH. PMID- 7016432 TI - Vaginal administration of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester for preoperative cervical dilatation. Task force on prostaglandins for fertility regulation. The World Health Organization. AB - A multicentre clinical trial under the auspices of the World Health Organization's Task Force on Prostaglandins for Fertility Regulation involved 1001 primigravidae patients, 8-12 weeks pregnant, randomly treated either with 1.0 mg of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester in a vaginal suppository or a placebo suppository. Vacuum aspiration was undertaken three or twelve hours following insertion of the suppository. The results show that sufficient cervical dilatation can be achieved with a prostaglandin suppository which allows easier vacuum aspiration with less operative bleeding a fewer short-term complications. Diarrhoea and vomiting were more common in the treated group. The twelve-hour prostaglandin treatment period resulted in more dilatation up to the 10th week of pregnancy but also caused a higher incidence of side effects. If maximal dilatation is aimed for by twelve hours, pretreatment is preferable. If out patient management is required, the three-hour schedule may be more convenient. PMID- 7016433 TI - Telecommunications---a system for total health care. PMID- 7016434 TI - Development, validation, and sensitivity analyses of human eye movement models. PMID- 7016435 TI - Sex chromosome disorders. AB - A critical and comprehensive review of the major sex chromosome disorders. The introduction briefly outlines the cytogenetic background to these disorders and refers to earlier reviews. The paper then reviews the clinical and psychiatric aspects of the various chromosome disorders. Male and female phenotypes are dealt with separately, with emphasis on psychological and behavioural manifestations including antisocial behaviour. Medico-legal implications are also reviewed, as are the implications for research. PMID- 7016436 TI - Precision and accuracy: concepts and assessment by method evaluation testing. AB - Achieving precision and accuracy in routine clinical analyses is a complex task, requiring the identification, estimation, and elimination of sources of analytical error. This review first considers concepts of precision and accuracy, including discussions of the meaning of measurement process, analytical method, state of statistical control, precision, imprecision, accuracy, inaccuracy, systematic error, overall or total error, true value, traceability, and compatability. These concepts provide the basis upon which the performance of analytical methods can be evaluated. The second part of the review considers how precision and accuracy are assessed by the use of method evaluation experiments. The approach emphasizes the development of an evaluation protocol based on the analytical characteristics which represent the performance of the method. This includes discussions of the familiarization period; testing analytic range and linearity; testing precision by a replication experiment; testing accuracy by recovery, interference, and comparison of methods experiments; the selection of a comparative analytical method; the statistical analysis of method comparison data, including the interpretation of that data; the collaborative testing. PMID- 7016437 TI - The clinical biochemistry of aluminum. AB - The methods for aluminum analysis vary from the simple and often nonspecific chemical and physical procedures to the highly sophisticated types such as neutron activation and atomic absorption spectrometry. Atomic absorption procedures are the techniques of choice for most routine hospital laboratories. The wide distribution of aluminum in nature can create severe contamination problems in aluminum analysis. Procedures to avoid contamination are discussed. In recent years aluminum has been implicated as a possible etiological agent in DES and in Alzheimer's Disease. A common finding in these two conditions is an elevated brain aluminum content. The patients with Alzheimer's Disease develop characteristic neurofibrillary tangles which lead to the degeneration of the affected neurons. Similar tangles can be induced in laboratory animals injected intracerebrally with aluminum salts. Even though the laboratory animals develop tangles resembling those seen in patients with Alzheimer's Disease, no evidence has been published to show that the tangles seen in Alzheimer's Disease are induced by the elevated brain aluminum content. Although there are some similar clinical symptoms in both Alzheimer's Disease and DES, the hemodialysis patients with DES do not develop neurofibrillary tangles despite an elevated brain aluminum content. The significance of this difference is not understood. The sources of the increase in tissue aluminum levels found in hemodialysis patients are from the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum in aluminum containing phosphate-binding gels and by transfer from the dialyzate to the blood during the hemodialysis procedure. Plasma aluminum values may be reduced by the administration of a minimum dosage of phosphate-binding gels and by the use of purified water to make up the dialysate. The incidence of DES is reduced by the use of these procedures to maintain the hemodialysis patients' plasma aluminum at a low concentration. The increased brain aluminum content of patients with Alzheimer's Disease is derived from the environment. Because of the ubiquitous occurrence of aluminum, we are exposed to it daily in our food, water, and in the air. The low levels of aluminum absorbed from the environment may explain why susceptible patients do not develop Alzheimer's Disease until after many years of exposure, if indeed aluminum is the etiological agent in Alzheimer's Disease. The many papers that have been published concerning aluminum, DES, and Alzheimer's Disease make a strong case for linking elevated tissue aluminum content with these conditions. However, conclusive evidence to support this theory has not been published. Until the effect of aluminum on cellular chemistry is more fully understood, the possibility that DES and Alzheimer's Disease may result from other causes or from aluminum and another agent acting concomitantly must be considered. PMID- 7016438 TI - The current state of platelet and granulocyte cryopreservation. PMID- 7016439 TI - Hodgkin's disease: pathology and pathogenesis. AB - The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease has been the subject of intensive investigation for nearly a century. Numerous lines of inquiry have been pursued and the resulting quantity of literature on the subject attests to the enigmatic nature of the disease. Periodically, it becomes prudent to review progress in the study of a disease such as this, in light of recent methodologic and conceptual advances. By so doing, a more integrated view of the disease process may emerge, thereby guiding future research endeavors. The present report is undertaken to explore, in depth, recent advances in the study of the pathology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Contemporary classifications, clinicopathologic and epidemiologic studies, cellular and humoral derangements, and the controversial nature of the Reed-Sternberg cell are considered. PMID- 7016440 TI - Gas chromatography in the identification of microorganisms and diagnosis of infectious diseases. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) continues to find increasing applications in the characterization of microorganisms and the diseases associated with them. GLC has been used to characterize microorganisms through qualitative and quantitative analyses of cellular structural components and soluble extracts and metabolic by products. Chromatographic patterns, or fingerprints, can be used to differentiate between very closely related microorganisms, even strain differences, and provides a potentially powerful tool for future taxonomic studies and more precision in definitive microbial classification. However, the most valuable use of GLC is in the identification of disease through patterns obtained by direct analysis of body fluids. Chromatographic fingerprints of microbial metabolites and compounds associated with the host response to infection and even noninfectious disease can be used to develop relatively simple GLC diagnostic methods. These methods are specific, sensitive, and rapid. This review examines the use of GLC for identification of infectious diseases through the analysis of body fluids, spent culture media, and cellular materials and suggest other clinical areas where its diagnostic potential has yet to be developed. PMID- 7016442 TI - Indomethacin pretreatment in continuous positive-pressure ventilation. AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible involvement of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX) in the cardiovascular and pulmonary changes associated with the use of continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV). Indomethacin (IND), an inhibitor of PG cyclo-oxygenase, was used to block the synthesis and release of PG and TX in the lung after alveolar stretch with CPPV. Groups of dogs received CPPV (buffer group) or CPPV + IND 5 mg/kh iv (CPPV + IND). Pulmonary edema or alveolar hemorrhage was evident in 5 of 6 buffer animals. This damage was also manifested by a 50% decrease in lung compliance. However, IND appeared to block development of lung tissue damage in 5 of 6 CPPV + IND dogs and compliance remained normal. A 52% lowering of cardiac index (CI) in the buffer group paralleled a 71% reduction of left ventricular dP/dt max (first derivative of left ventricular pressure). Peak transmural right heart filling pressure decreased only 15%. in contrast, the 38% decrement of CI in the CPPV + IND animals was coupled with a 98% reduction in filling pressure, but only a 25% decrease in dP/dt max. CPPV-induced changes may have been related, in part, to the release of cytotoxic negative inotrope(s) from damaged alveolar membranes because IND pretreatment blocked this damage. PMID- 7016441 TI - Prophylactic intubation and continuous positive airway pressure in the management of inhalation injury in burn victims. AB - Burn mortality statistics are influenced by age and degree of total surface body burn. The addition of an inhalation injury to a cutaneous burn results in a significant increase in mortality rate. Nine hundred fourteen patients with acute thermal injury were screened for positive history of burn in a closed space, facial or oropharyngeal burn, singed nasal vibrisae, carbonacious sputum, and clinical signs of upper airway involvement. On admission, 84 patients (9.2%) had more than one of the previously mentioned factors. They were prophylactically intubated and placed on optimum level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). The mortality rate among patients without inhalation injury was 7.1%, while 54.7% of patients with inhalation injury died. Comparison of burn patients with inhalation injury to those without pulmonary involvement at the same age group and with the same percentage of burn showed significantly higher mortality rate in patients with inhalation injury. The main cause of death in the first 72 h postburn (stage 1) in patients without inhalation injury was peripheral shock (10.1%) and in patients with inhalation injury was peripheral shock (15.2%) and cardiac failure (10.8%). No pulmonary related death occurred in this stage. In 3-10 days postburn period (stage 2), burn wound sepsis (10.1%) and cardiac failure (11.8%) were the major causes of death in patients with inhalation injury. In patients with inhalation injury, pulmonary sepsis (26%) was the major cause of death in this stage. Major causes of death after 10 days postburn (stage 3) in patients without inhalation injury were pulmonary sepsis (20%) and burn wound sepsis (22%). In patients with inhalation injury, burn wound sepsis (21.7%) was the main cause of death. These data suggest that prophylactic intubation and CPAP therapy in burn patients with suspected inhalation injury prevent pulmonary related death in early stage of burn. Irrespective of presence of inhalation injury, sepsis originating from the wound or respiratory tract is the main cause of death in the late stage of burn. PMID- 7016443 TI - Techniques for sizing myocardial infarction. PMID- 7016444 TI - Contrast enhancement of the soft tissues of the abdomen. AB - In summary, TBO in adults is generally not performed as a separate examination, but it is an important part of the excretory urogram. It permits detection, definition, and characterization of mass lesions outside of the urinary tract, extending the diagnostic yield of excretory urography. It can raise the diagnostic confidence level by providing direct visualization of a mass, minimizing reliance on indirect radiographic signs. TBO can reliably characterize a mass as hypovascular or avascular. While this does not guarantee benignity, such information can be helpful in distinguishing cystic and mixed lesions from solid lesions. PMID- 7016445 TI - Common and disparate elements in the processes of adaption of herbaceous and woody plants to freezing--a perspective. PMID- 7016446 TI - "Freeze artifacts" in human tissue samples: their formation and prevention. PMID- 7016447 TI - A comparison of the duration of action of fenoterol and salbutamol in asthma. AB - Nine asthmatic subjects were given fenoterol or salbutamol aerosol in a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study to compare the duration of action of these two drugs. The dose of each drug used was determined in a separate study in 2 asthmatics when 400 micrograms of each drug by aerosol was found to produce the same degree of bronchodilatation. Both drugs produced significant bronchodilator response compared to placebo but, in the doses used, namely, salbutamol 4 puffs (equivalent to 1.6 mumol free base) fenoterol 2 puffs (equivalent to 1.0 mumol free base), only salbutamol showed a significant increase in FEV1 at 8 hours. There were no significant side-effects, or changes in pulse and blood pressure with either drug. PMID- 7016448 TI - A single-blind crossover trial of the anti-inflammatory drug sodium meclofenamate and placebo, including an evaluation of hand grip and of lymphocyte responsiveness. AB - A single-blind crossover trial was carried out in 21 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of sodium meclofenamate (300 mg per day) compared with placebo. After a 1-week washout period patients had two periods of active medication, each of 2 weeks, separated by 1 week on placebo. Morning stiffness, walking speed, pain score, patient impression of response, joint tenderness and power, work and maximum grip strength achieved by hand grip were all improved by sodium meclofenamate and an anti-inflammatory effect of the drug was demonstrated, with some reduction in the swelling of PIP joints. There was no advantage in assessing pain on full movement of the small joints of the hands in addition to direct tenderness. Power, work and rate of grip release achieved during hand grip provided more information about hand function than maximum grip strength alone. Lymphocyte transformation to non-specific mitogens was enhanced by the drug. Twelve patients had some form of gastro intestinal complaint during the study and it is suggested that diarrhoea is likely to prove to be the major limiting factor of acceptance by some patients. PMID- 7016450 TI - Six-month, double-blind comparison of sodium meclofenamate ("Meclomen') with buffered aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sodium meclofenamate (200 to 400 mg daily) was compared with aspirin (2.4 to 4.8 g daily) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a 6-month, double-blind, multicentre study. Two groups of patients participated, one receiving stabilized doses of concomitant gold or steroid therapy and one not receiving such therapy. In these latter patients, sodium meclofenamate appeared to be more effective than aspirin; tenderness was reduced from 35% to 50% more on sodium meclofenamate throughout the study, the differences being statistically significant during the first 2 months, and over all condition improved in a significantly greater proportion of the patients receiving sodium meclofenamate. Among the patients receiving concomitant gold or steroid, neither drug appeared to be as effective as in the group not receiving the concomitant therapy and the results with both aspirin and sodium meclofenamate were virtually the same for all measures. With sodium meclofenamate the most common adverse reaction was diarrhoea; and with aspirin, it was tinnitus. The incidence of withdrawals for adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the two medication groups. Abnormal laboratory values were observed in a few patients, but the incidence did not differ between the groups. On the basis of the study, sodium meclofenamate appears to be relatively well tolerated and at least as effective as aspirin in the treatment of the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7016449 TI - A double-blind comparative trial of new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), and baclofen in the treatment of chronic spasticity in multiple sclerosis. AB - A double-blind trial with two parallel groups was carried out to compare the antispastic effect and tolerability of a new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103 282), with those of baclofen in the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. Twenty-one hospitalized patients with stable spasticity participated in the 6-week trial. Eleven received tizanidine and 10 baclofen in gradually increasing daily doses. The optimal daily dose of tizanidine was between 8 and 36 mg and that of baclofen between 10 and 80 mg. Overall spastic state, spasms and clonus were similarly improved with both medications. In contrast, muscle strength, bladder function and the activities of daily living were more improved on tizanidine than on baclofen. Tiredness was the most frequent side-effect on tizanidine and muscle weakness on baclofen. The laboratory tests did not show any pathological changes with either medication. According to these results, tizanidine provides a new therapeutic alternative in the treatment of spasticity. PMID- 7016451 TI - A double-blind comparative evaluation of tolmetin versus naproxen in osteoarthritis. AB - A double-blind, between patient trial was carried out in 70 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip joint. Patients were allocated at random to treatment with either 800 mg tolmetin sodium daily or 500 mg naproxen daily over a period of 12 weeks, both drugs being given in identical capsule form in a dosage of 2 capsules twice daily. The results of assessments of functional and subjective parameters before nad during treatment suggest that tolmetin sodium was at least as effective as naproxen in relieving pain and the incidence of side effects as naproxen in relieving pain and the incidence of side-effects in the two groups was similar. PMID- 7016452 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease- relationship to carcinoma. PMID- 7016453 TI - Localization of the defect in skin diseases analyzed in the human skin graft-nude mouse model. AB - Human skin can be grown away from its donor for prolonged periods as grafts on congenitally athymic "nude" mice. This system has been used to analyze the defect in several skin diseases, specifically to localize the site of the defect to the skin itself or to the epidermal or dermal components of the skin. In order to validate the use of the nude mouse human skin graft system in the analysis of skin defects, we have demonstrated that a systemic metabolic defect which involves the skin, namely essential fatty acid deficiency, can be differentiated from a defect residing primarily in the skin itself. Skin-marker systems have been developed for use with the nude mouse-human skin graft model to document the identity of human skin grafts and epidermal and dermal components of the grafts after prolonged periods of growth on the nude athymic mice. Y-body, a small fluorescent segment of the Y-chromosome seen in interphase cells, is used as a sex marker and serves to distinguish sex differences between the graft and the mouse recipient or between skin components of the graft. The ABH "blood-group" antigens are present on differentiated epidermal cell surfaces and identify the grafted epidermis according to the blood groups of the donor. In previous studies, lamellar ichthyosis was shown to be well maintained after prolonged periods of growth on nude athymic mice, indicating that the defect in this disease resides in the skin itself. Recombinant grafts composed of normal and lamellar ichthyosis epidermis and dermis further localize the defect to lamellar ichthyosis epidermis. Psoriasis is well maintained on the nude mouse-skin graft model. The epidermal hyperplasia and hyperproliferative epidermal cell kinetics of psoriasis are manifested in the grafts of active psoriasis maintained for prolonged periods on the nude mice, but the inflammatory component of psoriasis is absent. Recombinant graft studies utilizing normal and psoriatic epidermis and dermis demonstrate psoriasis only in recombinant grafts composed of both psoriatic epidermis and dermis. These studies indicate that psoriasis requires both psoriatic epidermis and dermis for its expression. PMID- 7016454 TI - Ambulatory ECG recording. Part II. PMID- 7016455 TI - Coronary care units today-part I. PMID- 7016456 TI - Rickettsial diseases and Rocky Mountain spotted fever--Part I. PMID- 7016457 TI - Rickettsial diseases and Rocky Mountain spotted fever--Part II. PMID- 7016458 TI - Biliary imaging: a new look. PMID- 7016459 TI - Liver Metastases. PMID- 7016461 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis in a violinist. The role of abietic acid--a sensitizer in rosin (colophony)--as the causative agent. PMID- 7016460 TI - Bladder cancer. PMID- 7016462 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the skin: factors in predicting prognosis and in determining initial surgical treatment. PMID- 7016463 TI - Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis. AB - Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis (BDH), first described in 1975, is characterized by porphyrialike blisters on sun-exposed parts of the scalp, face, arms, and hands. Four patients with BDH are presented. In two of these patients the deliberate lowering of their serum iron levels led to improvement of the condition. Further investigation into the role of iron metabolism in BDH is suggested. PMID- 7016464 TI - Olfactory diagnosis. AB - A 40-year-old man complained of a disagreeable odor due to bromhidrosis. A review of odors in clinical medicine follows. PMID- 7016466 TI - Epidemiological observation on drug-induced illness. PMID- 7016465 TI - Flow sorting of the mouse Cattanach X chromosome, T (X; 7) 1 Ct, in an active or inactive state. AB - Cells containing the mouse T(X;7)1Ct translocation were used to separate active and inactive X chromosomes. Cytophotometric data showed that the X(7) chromosome was at least 15% larger than any normal mouse chromosome. Cloned cell lines were established from male and female embryos with a normal karyotype and carrying the X(7) chromosome in an active or inactive state as shown by replication kinetics. As expected from the cytophotometric data, flow histograms of normal mouse chromosomes stained with 33258 Hoechst had five peaks. A sixth peak was present when the chromosomes came from mice carrying T1Ct. In this peak 6, 30 to 50% of the chromosomes were X(7) and there was almost no contamination by the normal X chromosome. PMID- 7016467 TI - Drug-associated nephropathy. Part I: Glomerular lesions. PMID- 7016468 TI - Drug-induced liver reactions: a morphological approach. PMID- 7016469 TI - Reduced glycosuria during guar gum supplementation in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. A double-blind, randomised cross-over study. PMID- 7016470 TI - [Review of the therapeutic activities of the Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Dental School of the Postgraduate Medical Education Center in Torun 1972-1977]. PMID- 7016471 TI - [The making of partial denture retained by attachments, or retention by attachments: clinical prognosis]. PMID- 7016472 TI - [Early rehabilitation after fracture fixation using Daab's serrate plate and cancellous autotransplants]. PMID- 7016473 TI - [Indwelling venous catheters. Results of a clinical and experimental study]. AB - Six venous indwelling cannulas were observed under constant frame conditions (low osmolar solutions, constant infusion solution, prospective randomized study). There is a close correlation between the complication rate in the vein and quality of the material and puncture. The best results were achieved with Teflon cannulas. Here the condition of the transitional zone between mandrin and synthetic material was of special importance as well as the fact that the form stability also had to be guaranteed after application. The thrombotic dry weights of these cannulas, determined in animal experiments, yielded low values for polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) or polyethylene (PE), but PTFE and PE cannulas have led to an increase of the thrombotic dry weight in 24 and 48 h of indwelling time. PMID- 7016474 TI - [An integrated therapy program for brachial plexus injuries]. PMID- 7016476 TI - [Investigation on contamination of seashore soil and seafood by Clostridium botulinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016475 TI - A comparison of circadian rhythms in feeding, plasma insulin, glucose and glucagon between normal and diabetic Chinese hamsters. AB - Twenty-four hour feeding patterns were determined for diabetic and normal Chinese hamsters. Plasma insulin, glucose and glucagon were determined for those time periods that corresponded to the high and low points of food intake and for 3 time periods during which the animals ate an intermediate quantity of food. There was no difference in the feeding pattern between groups though the diabetics consumed more food during a 24-h period. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon reached a peak during the nocturnal phase of feeding in the nondiabetic group. On the other hand, plasma glucose remained elevated over the entire time period in the diabetic group. Also, plasma insulin reached a peak during the daylight in the diabetics. There was no difference between groups in plasma glucagon. PMID- 7016477 TI - [Infrahepatic suprerenal inferior vena cava resection for adjacent retroperitoneal malignant pheochromocytoma : a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016478 TI - Effect of technique on anastomotic dehiscence. PMID- 7016479 TI - A clinical comparison of handsewn vs. stapled anastomoses. PMID- 7016480 TI - Anastomosis with EEA stapler after anterior colonic resection. AB - The end-to-end anastomosis by stapling for left colonic and rectal resections is proving to be a relatively safe and fast procedure. Results of a survey of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons reveals 15.1 per cent intraoperative complications, 3.7 per cent early postoperative complications, 0.5 per cent deaths, and 13.8 per cent late complications. The majority of late complications, stenosis and incontinence, were either subclinical or transient for most patients. Technique and prevention of complications are stressed. PMID- 7016481 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery, Pilonidal Sinus. PMID- 7016482 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver following renal transplantation. PMID- 7016483 TI - Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have a role in the treatment of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7016484 TI - Comparison between neomycin and lactulose in 173 patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical study. AB - A randomized study was performed in order to compare the course of hepatic encephalopathy in patients treated with neomycin plus magnesium sulfate or with lactulose. Admission criteria were: morphological diagnosis of cirrhosis and absence of comorbidity, of contraindications to drugs, or of previous treatments which could influence the outcome. The treatment groups were similar in terms of clinical characteristics, fatalities, recovery rate from grade 1 encephalopathy, and disappearance rate of neuropsychiatric signs. Transitions from severe to grade 1 or 0 encephalopathy showed a 0.17 (NS) difference in favor of neomycin. Early therapy and evidence of precipitating factors showed a favorable prognostic significance. Ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, poor nutritional state, and hypoprothrombinemia showed bad prognostic significance. This is the first large scale investigation on hepatic encephalopathy. It demonstrated a similar effectiveness of the two drugs in grade 1 encephalopathy and provides a basis for drug selection in the current management of the syndrome. PMID- 7016485 TI - Learning about diabetes can be fun. PMID- 7016486 TI - [Secondary structure of the S1 protein of the small subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes seen in infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra]. PMID- 7016487 TI - [Mutant plasmids pBR322 obtained by in vitro hydroxylamine treatment]. PMID- 7016488 TI - [Haemagglutination-inhibition test and haemolysis-in-gel test in the determination of rubella antibodies in dry blood on filter paper (author's transl)]. AB - Results obtained with a haemagglutination-inhibition test on dry-blood extracts gave results in 715 female school children which almost completely agreed with those obtained on serum of the same persons. On the other hand, when the specific antibody concentration was low, the haemolysis-in-gel test with dry-blood extracts gave 1% false-negative results and other results which were difficult to interpret. PMID- 7016490 TI - [Diagnostic significance of immunologically determined serum acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7016489 TI - [Human genetic aspects of addiction]. PMID- 7016492 TI - [Unfavorable prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7016491 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance tests--with or without estimation of serum insulin? (author's transl)]. AB - Blood glucose and serum insulin values were determined after oral glucose tolerance tests in 528 persons with suspected pathological or disturbed glucose tolerance. Results were evaluated depending on sex, age, overweight, and familial diabetes. There were no differences of serum insulin secretion and behaviour of blood sugar between males and females. With increasing age there was a marked decrease of insulin secretion. In contrast there was increased hyperinsulinaemia with increasing overweight. This was particularly evident in persons with comparably reduced glucose tolerance but with different body weight. "Classical" changes of insulin secretion, as described for prediabetes and manifest diabetes in contrast to persons with normal metabolism, were only seen in selected groups of probands with normal weight. Serum insulin shows greater variability than blood glucose. Estimations of insulin are not necessary when assessing disturbances of glucose tolerance. PMID- 7016493 TI - [A new therapeutic principle in diabetes: continuing insulin infusion using portable pumps]. PMID- 7016494 TI - [Results with acaricide K 79 (chlordimeform hydrochloride) in Messen against honeybee varroatosis]. PMID- 7016495 TI - [Examination of various conjugates for their convenience in rabies diagnostics by immuno-fluorescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016496 TI - [Investigations on the sensitivity of the detection of chlortetracycline (CTC) in blood and medicated feed within the official prophylaxis and therapy of psittacosis, using the Bacillus cereus-inhibition-test in agar-plates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016497 TI - [Antibiotic resistance and transmission of R factors from E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, isolated from food samples of animal origin]. PMID- 7016498 TI - [Bacteriological and serological investigations on the occurrance of Yersinia enterocolitica in human beings and pigs in Southern Hessen (West Germany) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016499 TI - [The present availability of dimethoate and permethrin in fly control in stables in the area of the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016501 TI - [WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health. 9th Seminar on World Hygiene: "Animals in the urban area as a hygienic problem." Abstracts]. PMID- 7016502 TI - [Captopril--a new effective antihypertensives]. PMID- 7016500 TI - [Chemotherapy of endoparasitic infections in a deer population with Panacur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016503 TI - [Hemoglobin AIC in normal pregnant women and in diabetics]. PMID- 7016504 TI - [Fibronectin: its structure, function and changes in disease]. PMID- 7016505 TI - Bacterial stool pathogens in Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 7016507 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on rat seminal vesicle contractility in vitro. PMID- 7016506 TI - [Animal experiment results in mandibular fracture fixation with the memory plate]. PMID- 7016508 TI - Separation of early and late responses of adipose tissue to growth hormone. AB - GH produces a variety of effects in adipose tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats. A specific antiserum to rat GH produced in a rhesus monkey was used as a tool to study the relationship of these responses to each other. In all, five different metabolic responses produced by adding 1 microgram/ml rat GH to segments of epididymal fat obtained from hypophysectomized rats were studied. Three of these, stimulation of [U-14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2, stimulation of L-[1-14C]leucine oxidation to 14CO2, and inhibition of epinephrine-induced lipolysis, are insulin-like. They begin after lag periods of about 25, 35, and 15 min, respectively, and disappear by about 180 min. The addition of antiserum simultaneously with the hormone or within the first 10 min thereafter blocked all three responses. When added more than 10-15 min after GH the antiserum failed to block insulin-like responses measured 30-60 min later, even if the response was prolonged into the fourth hour by adding actinomycin D along with GH to block the cellular restorative processes. Thus, insulin-like effects, once triggered, appear to be independent of the continued presence of the hormone. Furthermore, differences in the lag periods required for each insulin-like response appear to be due to the times required to carry out postreceptor events. Delayed lipolysis, observable in the presence of theophylline, becomes evident only after at least 1 h and can also be blocked by the simultaneous addition of hormone and antiserum. The tissue-hormone interaction which initiates this effect occurs rapidly, and its appearance in the second hour of incubation cannot be blocked if the antiserum is added 5 min after GH. This response persists for at least 5 h. The addition of antiserum 60 or 120 min after GH aborts the lipolytic response, but only after a delay of about 1 h. Thus, unlike the insulin-like responses, the accelerated rate of lipolysis requires the continued presence of the hormone to persist. After the insulin-like effects of GH have run their course, a second insulin-like response cannot be initiated for many hours by a second exposure to GH. The initial exposure to GH renders tissues refractory to the insulin-like action of the hormone. The induction of refractoriness, as measured in the fourth hour, can be blocked by the addition of antiserum simultaneously with GH or as much as 60 min after the hormone, suggesting that prolonged contact between tissue and hormone is required. These studies suggest that GH interacts with adipose tissue in at least three different ways, and that not all of the various responses of tissue to hormone are causally related. PMID- 7016509 TI - In vitro effect of danazol on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures in vitro. AB - Monolayer cultures of anterior pituitary glands from female rats were exposed to 5 X 10(-6) M danazol for 0, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with 10% horse serum and 2.5% fetal calf serum. After this treatment, the cell cultures were rinsed and challenged with 10(-8) M LHRH for 6 h. The media were collected and assayed for LH by a hormone-specific RIA using the double antibody precipitation technique. A control incubation was carried out by exposing cell cultures for the same length of time in the absence of danazol but in the presence of 0.5% ethanol in which danazol was dissolved, then challenging the culture with 10(-8) M LHRH, as was done in the experimental group, and assaying the LH released in the medium. The results showed that exposure of cell cultures to danazol caused a significant decrease in LH release in response to LHRH from 13,800 +/- 500 to 3,500 +/- 200 ng/ml. The inhibition of LH release was dependent on both the duration of danazol exposure and its concentration. Danazol exposure had, however, little effect on basal LH secretion by the pituitaries, which remained at about 600 ng/ml at all time points examined. Under the experimental conditions, danazol exerted no effect on the incorporation of amino acid into protein in the cell culture. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the antigonadotropic effect of danazol is inhibition of the responsiveness of the pituitary to LHRH-induced LH release. PMID- 7016512 TI - Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on glucagon secretion in normal and alloxan dogs. AB - The effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion was investigated in normal and alloxan dogs. On the 8th day after the vaccine injection, in normal and alloxan dogs during the infusion of arginine and glucose, the plasma glucose level was lower and the IRI level was higher than in the saline controls. On the other hand, the plasma IRG level showed no significant alloxan dogs this vaccine made the plasma IRG level lower during arginine infusion than in the saline controls and suppressed it significantly during glucose infusion. These effects of the vaccine disappeared on the 30th day after its injection into normal and alloxan dogs. It is suggested that in normal dogs Bordetella pertussis vaccine decreased plasma glucose through the promotion of insulin secretion without any effect on glucagon secretion, while in alloxan dogs this vaccine might alleviate hyperglycemia through the enhancement of insulin and the inhibition of glucagon secretion. PMID- 7016511 TI - Decreased cell division of the uterine luminal epithelium of diabetic rats in response to 17 beta-estradiol. AB - The uterine growth response to estradiol as determined by luminal epithelial cell division was measured in euglycemic and drug induced insulin deficient rats. The results demonstrated that uterine cell division in insulin deficient rats is depressed when compared to euglycemic rats. Replacement of insulin by osmotic minipumps (Alza Corporation) in insulin deficient rats restored the level of luminal cell division to those observed in euglycemic rats. PMID- 7016510 TI - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in maintaining arterial pressure in conscious pregnant rats. PMID- 7016513 TI - Early postoperative endoscopy in the operated stomach. AB - Early endoscopy in the upper alimentary tract after surgical operations on the stomach reveals multifarious diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities to give decisive help to patients when applied critically and rationally. The possibilities of endoscopy can differentiate between active and arrested bleeding episodes, can induce hemostasis, can diagnose and overcome sutureline insufficiencies, can differentiate the different kinds of stenosis in the lower esophageal junction. It can treat postoperative atony, diagnose perforation at an earlier stage, localize obstructive jaundice, remove intestinal foreign bodies and characterize unexpected postoperative histological findings. PMID- 7016514 TI - Steroidogenesis in the mammalian testis. PMID- 7016515 TI - A standardized procedure for quantification of the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. AB - Factors determining the precision and variability of the Ames Salmonella test for mutagenicity were investigated. The most important source of variability in the agar-overlay method was nonuniformity in the soft-agar layer thickness. Solution of this problem resulted from application of an agar-leveling table described in this paper. Several other procedural elements also contribute to improved precision, including temperature uniformity during incubation, incubation interval, consistency of plate agar volume, completeness of mixing the soft-agar overlay, peculiarities in the interaction of mutagens and mammalian liver microsomal extract (S9), and methods of storage and controls for tester strains. When these and other effects were well-controlled, variability of the test results was reduced from 200 or 300% to only +/- 10% or less. The significance of the factors affecting precision are discussed and an improved experimental protocol is presented. PMID- 7016516 TI - Mutagenicity of products from coal gasification and liquefaction in the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - As a first step in the assessment of their possible bio-effects, coal-related materials were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Of three coal gasification by-products tested, only a tar was mutagenic for any of four Salmonella strains. The following liquefaction materials were mutagenic for strains TA1538, TA98, and/or TA100: A liquefaction vehicle oil and coal hydrogenation filtered liquid, separated bottoms, vacuum overhead, and vacuum bottoms. Neither powdered coal nor water produced as a by-product of the hydrogenation process was positive in the Salmonella test. No coal-related material was mutagenic for the missense mutant TA1535 or for any strain in the absence of metabolic activation provided by rat hepatic homogenates (S9). In all but one instance Aroclor 1254-induced S9 provided the maximum activation for mutagenesis. Fractionation of all samples was undertaken by serial extraction with organic solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, toluene, methylene chloride, acetonitrile). Highly mutagenic materials were found in fractions of the hydrogenation filtered liquid, vacuum overhead, and vacuum bottoms. Thus far non-mutagenic samples have not yielded mutagenic components upon fractionation. PMID- 7016517 TI - Selected biochemical actions of ovarian hormones. AB - This review is concerned with a general discussion of the actions of ovarian hormones, including relaxin, a polypeptide hormone, and estrogens and progestogens, which are two types of steroid hormones. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the sites of action and target organ responses induced by the two steroid hormones. A detailed description of estrogen activity in reproductive tract tissue is given as an example of the intracellular mechanism of action of this steroid hormone. PMID- 7016518 TI - Assessment of environmental contaminant-induced lymphocyte dysfunction. AB - Although it has been established that environmental contaminants can alter immune function, the mechanisms of action have yet to be determined. This paper reviews the effects of hydrocarbon environmental contaminants on lymphocyte function and presents an approach which may serve to delineate the mechanisms of action. The approach is based on the use of the developmental phases of an immune response and assays which can be used for their functional assessment. Possible interactions between environmental contaminants and lymphocyte function and factors which must be considered in the evaluation of immune status are discussed. In addition, a study on the influence of the chronic exposure to two polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, PCB and HCB, on several parameters of lymphocyte function in mice is presented. PMID- 7016519 TI - Genetic differences in susceptibility to chemically induced myelotoxicity and leukemia. AB - The Ah locus represents a complex "cluster" of genese controlling the induction of numerous drug-metabolizing enzyme "activities" by polycyclic aromatic compounds. Allelic differences at the Ah locus are reflected in the large differences in inducibility of cytochrome P1-450 and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in numerous tissues when the mice receive the chemical daily in their diet. This experimental model system offers to the hematologist and clinical pharmacologist a means to study genetic differences in toxic chemical depression of the bone marrow, as well as a potential model to study aplastic anemia and leukemia explainable on a single-gene basis. The genetically "responsive" individual who is at increased risk for cancer caused by subcutaneous or topical or intratracheal polycyclic hydrocarbons is at decreased risk for toxicity of the bone marrow and leukemia caused by oral benzo[a]pyrene (when compared with the genetically "nonresponsive" individual receiving the same dose of the same xenobiotic). In other words, tissue sites in direct contact with the carcinogen develop cancer in responsive animals because of induced P1-450; tissues in distant sites of the body may develop malignancy in nonresponsive animals because more carcinogen reaches that tissue due to decreased P1-450 induction all over the body and therefore decreased detoxication. Not only the dct with the carcinogen develop cancer in responsive animals because of induced P1-450; tissues in distant sites of the body may develop malignancy in nonresponsive animals because more carcinogen reaches that tissue due to decreased P1-450 induction all over the body and therefore decreased detoxication. Not only the dct with the carcinogen develop cancer in responsive animals because of induced P1-450; tissues in distant sites of the body may develop malignancy in nonresponsive animals because more carcinogen reaches that tissue due to decreased P1-450 induction all over the body and therefore decreased detoxication. Not only the dose but the route of administration and the tissue in which the malignancy or toxicity develops are therefore very important in the interpretation of data from tumorigenesis or toxicity experiments involving P1 450 inducers such as polycyclic hydrocarbons. There exists sufficient evidence that heritable variation of the Ah locus occurs in man. Growing evidence indicates that persons with higher aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility in their cultured mitogen-activated lymphocytes may have a statistically significantly increased risk for certain types of cancer and drug toxicity. It remains to be determined at the present time, however, whether this genotype can be used as a biochemical marker in the individual patient for predicting increased susceptibility to certain types of environmentally caused cancers or toxicity in man. PMID- 7016520 TI - The use of ferrokinetics in the study of experimental anemia. AB - Erythropoietic cells in bone marrow are vulnerable to cytotoxic substances. There are three types of erythroid precursors: cells that can take up Fe but do not proliferate (reticulocytes), those that can take up Fe and proliferate (normoblasts and pronormoblasts), and those cells that do not take up Fe but can proliferate and differentiate into the erythroid cell line (ERC and stem cells). Each of these erythroid precursors requires a certain time before they emerge into the peripheral blood as mature red blood cells. By applying our understanding of ferrokinetics associated with erythropoiesis, it was possible to estimate a cytotoxic effect of chemicals on proliferating erythgroid precursors (pronormoblasts) in mice by measuring 24-hr 59Fe uptake in red blood cells 48 hr after treatment with chemicals. The effect of chemicals on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in mice was also estimated by measuring 24-hr 59Fe uptake 72 hr after treatment with chemicals. The validity of experimental schemes was tested using cytarabine, methotrexate, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and busulfan, which are known to act against specific cell types. Effects on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells were tested with or without activation of stem cells in G0 into cell cycle. Applications of the 59Fe uptake method in the study of (1) benzene toxicity and (2) effect of pentobarbital on the toxic action of hydroxyurea and cytarabine are described. Proper application of the ferrokinetic characteristics of erythropoietic cells enables the establishment of a methodology which can be used to evaluate potential toxic effects of chemicals on erythroid precursor cells and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7016521 TI - Benzene-induced myelotoxicity: application of flow cytofluorometry for the evaluation of early proliferative change in bone marrow. AB - A detailed description of flow cytofluorometric DNA cell cycle analysis is presented. A number of studies by the author and other investigators are reviewed in which a method is developed for the analysis of cell cycle phase in bone marrow of experimental animals. Bone marrow cell cycle analysis is a sensitive indicator of changes in bone marrow proliferative activity occurring early in chemically-induced myelotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis, used together with other hematologic methods, has revealed benzene-induced toxicity in proliferating bone marrow cells to be cycle specific, appearing to affect a population in late S phase which then accumulate in G2/M. PMID- 7016522 TI - Stem cell assays in the evaluation of myelotoxicity. AB - The concept and characteristics of different types of hematopoietic cells have been described. Hematopoietic stem cells are currently considered to exist in a variety of populations with different degrees of commitment towards a particular cell line. By a combination of animal studies and studies with hematopoietic disorders, the concept of dividing hematopoietic stem cells into uncommitted and committed types has emerged in the past several years. Uncommitted stem cells are capable of differentiation, under the proper stimulus, into either of the cell lines of the hematopoietic system. These cells form a resting population of cells with a low mitoitic rate and a long resting (G(0)) phase. The committed stem cells are partially differentiated and mature only into one type of cell. The committed stem cell population is relatively more active than the population of uncommitted stem cells.A variety of assays both in vivo and in vitro are currently available for the study of different hematopoietic stem cells. These assays are semiquantitative. The number of colonies of mature cells which develop after the infusion or plating of a population of cells containing the stem cells is proportional to the total number of cells infused.A variety of toxic as well as biological substances have been assayed in these systems and a quantitative depression of the number of colonies produced has been noted by a variety of workers. The degree of depression in the number of colonies varies with the agent in use and the type of assay employed. These studies have demonstrated that toxicity of chemicals on the hematopoietic stem cells can be studied with these in vitro and animal studies to give an assessment of their potential toxicity in the intact organism. The recent development of the Dexter two-layer liquid culture system has provided a new impetus to the research on the uncommitted stem cell in a variety of organisms. PMID- 7016523 TI - Radiation and chemical injury in the bone marrow. AB - Hematopoietic system toxicity is a major limiting factor in the use of aggressive combined modality therapy in the treatment of malignant disease. In this review, the known drug-x-ray interactions using tissue culture systems are extended to the bone marrow compartment. Two hypotheses prevail for late bone marrow failure: (1) stromal damage to the vasculature with subsequent fibrosis and (2) irreversible stem cell depletion in the irradiated site. Clinical extensions of the experimental data for bone marrow kinetics in the animal model have not proven successful to date. The future strategies for therapy of malignancies in which both radiation and chemotherapy are employed may require dose modification or treatment planning to limit bone marrow toxicity. PMID- 7016524 TI - Chemical toxicity of red cells. AB - Exposure to toxic chemicals may result in alterations of red cell function. In certain cases, the toxic effect requires a genetic predisposition and thus affects only a restricted number of individuals; in other instances, the toxic effect is exerted on the hematopoietic system of every person. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is probably the most widespread genetic disorder. It is observed at highest frequency in populations from subtropical countries as a result of its selective advantage vis a vis falciparum malaria. The gene controlling this enzyme is located on the X-chromosome; thus, the defect is sex-linked. Individuals with a genetic defect of this enzyme are extremely susceptible to hemolysis, when exposed to oxidant drugs (such as certain antimalarials and sulfonamides) because of the inability of their red cells to regenerate NADPH. Lead poisoning result in profound effects on the process of heme synthesis. Among the steps most sensitive to lead toxicity are the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and the intramitochondrial step that leads to the incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin. By these mechanisms, in severe lead intoxication there is an accumulation of large amounts of delta aminolevulinic acid (a compound with inherent neurotoxicity), and there are abnormalities of mitochondrial function in all cells of the body. Individuals living in an industrialized society are unavoidably exposed to some environmental lead. Recent evidence indicates that, even at levels of exposure which do not increase the blood lead level above values presently considered normal, abnormalities of heme synthesis are clearly detectable. PMID- 7016525 TI - Human teratogenic and mutagenic markers in monitoring about point sources of pollution. PMID- 7016526 TI - The use of biological markers in studies of health effects of pollutants. Foreword to the proceedings of the Second Workshop on Health Surveillance around Point Sources of Pollution. PMID- 7016527 TI - History of health studies around nuclear facilities: a methodological consideration. PMID- 7016528 TI - Methods of equine general anaesthesia in clinical practice. PMID- 7016530 TI - Effect of pH on pyrazole binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 1. Kinetic and equilibrium data have been determined at different pH between 4 and 10 for binding of the inhibitor pyrazole to liver alcohol dehydrogenase and to the binary complexes formed between enzyme and NADH or NAD+. 2. Pyrazole binding to free enzyme requires the protonated form of an ionizing group with a pKa of 9.2, agreeing with the pKa value reported for the water molecule bound at the catalytic zinc ion of the enzyme subunit. The rate of association of the inhibitor to the enzyme . NAD+ complex exhibits a similar pKa-7.6-dependence attributable to ionization of zinc-bound water in the latter binary complex. These observations lend support to the idea that pyrazole combines to the catalytic zinc ion on complex formation with the enzyme, zinc-bound water most likely being displaced by the inhibitor. 3. The rate of dissociation of the inhibitor from the ternary enzyme . NAD+ . pyrazole complex is proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration over the examined pH range (4-8). This effect of pH, which is proposed to reflect ionization of the enzyme-bound inhibitor with a pKa value below 4 (indirectly estimated to 2.4), accounts for the exceptional stability of the ternary complex at neutral and alkaline pH. It is concluded that pyrazole, by analogy to water and alcohol ligands, undergoes a drastic pKa perturbation on binding to the catalytic zinc ion in the enzyme . NAD+ complex. PMID- 7016529 TI - A physiological approach to fluid and electrolyte therapy in the horse. AB - In this article a physiological approach to fluid therapy is discussed, commencing with examination of fluid distribution in the normal horse. The functions of individual plasma electrolyte concentrations are considered and practical causes of acid-base disturbances discussed. When fluid administration is necessary, selection of the route for fluid administration as well as the type of fluid are important considerations and these must be adjusted to the needs of the individual case. Balanced polyionic solutions appear to be most suitable for general use because normal saline can produce hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis. The use of bicarbonate is indicated mainly where there has been alkali loss (eg, diarrhoea) or severe acidosis associated with increased lactate production. Plasma volume expanders, such as dextran or gelatin polymers, can be considered where a rapid and prolonged restoration of blood volume is required. Fluids should be warmed to body temperature before administration and flow rates up to 6 to 8 litres/h may be safely used. A plan for fluid therapy involves the estimation of existing fluids, as an average horse will require almost 84,000 kJ continuing losses should be estimated and corrected. Maintenance of calorific requirements is difficult using intravenous fluids, as an average horse will require almost 84,000 kJ (20,000 kcal) per day. Lipid emulsions provide up to 8370 kJ/litre but their expense precludes the use of large volumes. PMID- 7016531 TI - Substituent effects on the ionization step regulating desorption and catalytic oxidation of alcohols bound to liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 1. Transient-state kinetic methods, based on the use of pyrazole as a displacing reagent and reporter ligand, have been applied to examine the pH dependence of rate and equilibrium constants for 2-chloroethanol and 2,2-dichloroethanol binding to the binary complex formed between liver alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD+. 2. The apparent affinity of the enzyme . NAD+ complex for the examined alcohols is dependent on two proton dissociation equilibria. One of these equilibria affects the rate of alcohol association to the binary complex with a ligand-independent pKa value of 7.6, attributable to ionization of zinc-bound water in the enzyme . NAD+ complex. The second proton dissociation equilibrium regulates the rate of alcohol desorption from the enzyme . NAD+ . alcohol complex and exhibits a pKa value of 5.4 and 4.5, respectively, with 2-chloroethanol and 2,2'-dichloroethanol as the ligand. Steady-state kinetic data are reported which indicate that the pKa-5.4-equilibrium controls also the apparent rate of enzymic hydride transfer from 2-chloroethanol to NAD+. 3. These results lend strong support to the mechanism of enzyme action proposed by Kvassman and Pettersson according to which the enzyme . NAD+ . alcohol complex participates in an obligatory proton dissociation step which regulates both desorption and catalytic oxidation of the alcohol ligand. The corresponding pKa value is shown to be lineary dependent on the pKa of the free alcohol ligand with a regression coefficient (Bronstedt alpha value) of about 0.6. The latter observation provides direct evidence that the effect of pH on the reactivity of the enzyme . NAD+ . alcohol complex reflects an alcohol/alcoholate ion equilibration of the enzyme bound substrate. 4. The particular mode of binding and properties of the active site zinc ion in liver alcohol dehydrogenase suggest that the catalytic function of the metal ion can be related primarily to facilitation of the process of alcohol oxidation through facilitation of the alcoholate ion formation step now established to precede hydride transfer to NAD+. PMID- 7016532 TI - Activation of lymphocyte populations with concanavalin A or with lipoprotein and lipopeptide from the outer cell wall of Escherichia coli: correlation of early membrane changes with induction of macromolecular synthesis. PMID- 7016533 TI - Characterization of hydrolase H, a new muscle protease possessing aminoendopeptidase activity. AB - A newly-identified protease from rabbit skeletal muscle, named hydrolase H [Okitani, A. et al. (1980) Agric. Biol. Chem. 44, 1705-1708] has been shown to hydrolyze L-leucine beta-naphthylamide as well as alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine beta-naphthylamide. The enzyme hydrolyzes protamine in the manner of an endopeptidase and hydrolyzes tripeptides and tetrapeptides in the manner of an aminopeptidase. Thus it has been concluded that the enzyme possesses the properties of both endopeptidase and aminopeptidase and that it should be classified as an aminoendopeptidase. Both activities of endopeptidase and aminopeptidase are maximal at pH 7.5-8.0 and enhanced remarkably by thiol compounds. Both activities are stable at pH 7-9 and protected by 2 mercaptoethanol. They are inhibited by monoiodoacetic acid, leupeptin, Zn2+ and Ni2+, but not affected by EDTA, trypsin inhibitor, pepstatin, antipain and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These results suggest that the enzyme is a thiol protease. The enzyme is composed of three kinds of subunits, the chain Mr of which are 51000, 72000 and 92000. PMID- 7016534 TI - Photochemical cross-linking of elongation factor G to 70-S ribosomes from Escherichia coli by 4-(6-formyl-3-azidophenoxy)butyrimidate. AB - Ribosomal proteins situated at or near the binding site of elongation factor G (EF-G) on the Escherichia coli ribosome have been identified by use of the heterobifunctional cross-linker 4-(6-formyl-3-azidophenoxy)butyrimidate. Four different preparations of EF-G, in which the number of cross-linker molecules coupled to EF-G ranged from four to seven, all cross-linked to 50-S subunit proteins L1, L3 and L11 as well as to 30-S subunit proteins S3 and S4. Cross linking of EF-G to ribosomal proteins was tested electrophoretically. In the case of L7/L12 and L11 immunological methods were also used. Cross-linking of EF-G to L1, L3, L11, S3 and S4 is specific as judged from the fact that addition of unmodified EF-G and of thiostrepton results in less cross-linking. The cross linking data suggests that the binding site for EF-G includes several proteins which are located at the interface between the 30-S and 50-S subunits. PMID- 7016535 TI - The complete amino-acid sequence of hen ovalbumin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of hen ovalbumin, comprising 385 residues, has been determined. The sequence was deduced from the 17 cyanogen bromide fragments and from peptides derived by digestion with a number of proteolytic enzymes. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain of ovalbumin is 42699. Ovalbumin has four sites of postsynthetic modification; in addition to the acetylated N terminus, the carbohydrate moiety is located at Asn-292, and the two phosphorylated serines are at residues 68 and 344. The 'signal sequence' of ovalbumin is between residues 234 and 252. The heptapeptide released during the conversion of ovalbumin to plakalbumin by subtilisin digestion corresponds to residues 346-352. The hen ovalbumin polymorphism characterised by an Asn leads to Asp replacement results from a mutation at residue 311. The amino acid sequence of ovalbumin deduced from these amino acid sequence studies is in complete agreement with the sequence of mRNA determined by McReynolds et al. [Nature (Lond.) 273, 723-728 (1978)]. PMID- 7016536 TI - Characterization of a membrane-bound biotin-containing enzyme: oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - Oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes is firmly bound to the cytoplasmic membrane, from which it can be solubilized with nonionic detergents. The solubilized enzyme behaved like the membrane-bound enzyme with respect to its inhibition by avidin and to the requirement of sodium ions for catalytic activity. The decarboxylase was purified 4.5-fold over the solubilized membrane extract by conventional means. Dodecyl-sulfate disc-gel electrophoretic analysis indicated that the enzyme consists of polypeptides of a single size. The molecular weight of these polypeptides is 68000. Radioactive biotin was incorporated specifically into these polypeptide chains upon growth of the bacteria in the presence of the radioactive vitamin. Biotin as the prosthetic group of oxaloacetate decarboxylase is now firmly established. The enzyme in the absence of detergent occurs in a highly aggregated form which elutes in the exclusion volume of a Biogel A 1.5 m column. The reported inhibition of oxaloacetate decarboxylase by citrate could not be repeated. On the other hand oxalate, 2-oxomalonate and glyoxylate proved to be very potent inhibitors of the decarboxylase. The stereochemical course of the oxaloacetate decarboxylation reaction was determined starting from stereospecifically labelled malates, which by malate dehydrogenase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase were converted to chiral pyruvates. The chirality of these pyruvates was analysed via their conversion to acetates and malates by determining the extent of tritium retention upon incubation of the latter with fumarase. It was found that oxaloacetate decarboxylation occurs stereospecifically with retention of configuration. PMID- 7016537 TI - Evidence for periodicity in the amino-acid sequence of myosin. AB - We have characterized CNBr digests of rabbit myosin heavy chain, total rod, light meromyosin and mouse heavy chain by combined isoelectric focusing and dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Conditions for digest were chosen so as to have less than complete cleavage at most or all of the methionine residues. Examination of the gels in the dodecylsulfate dimension shows a remarkable periodicity in the molecular weights of fragments produced in all these digests. Nearly all lie in a monotonic sequence with an interval of approximately 3800 between them. One interpretation of this finding is that there is a high degree of periodicity in the position of methionines of, at the very least, the light meromyosin region. The impression of periodicity is further re-inforced by a regular distribution of fragments in the isoelectric focusing dimension of the gels as well as in the dodecylsulfate dimension. The heterogeneity in the isoelectric focusing dimension could, unlike that in the dodecylsulfate dimension, be artefactual (e.g. as a consequence of de-amidation and or cyanylation) or as a result of protein heterogeneity due to gene duplication. However, it is also possible that it too reveals a periodicity, this time in the distribution of charged residues in the amino-acid sequence. PMID- 7016538 TI - Phosphate-containing proteins of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Analysis by a new two-dimensional gel system. AB - The pattern of post-translational protein modifications involving a phosphate group was determined in the prokaryotes Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. A special two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation was developed which utilizes acidic urea in the first dimension and neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate in the second dimension. This system allows survival and visualization of a number of proteins which are otherwise lost in systems employing basic conditions. The total number of phosphate-containing proteins thus obtained is approximately twenty. Among them are included proteins containing nucleotidylyl groups; two of these have been identified: glutamine synthetase (adenylylated) and regulatory protein PII (uridylylated). Two phosphate-containing proteins are shown to be regulated by the level of K+. The pattern of phosphorylation is shown to change with changing growth conditions and with specific mutations. PMID- 7016541 TI - Properties of ribosomes and ribosomal RNAs synthesized by Escherichia coli grown in the presence of ethionine. Normal maturation of ribosomal RNA in the absence of methylation. AB - Analysis of 16-S rRNA synthesized in Escherichia coli D10 (met-) incubated in a medium containing ethionine in place of methionine shows that it lacks most and probably all of the methyl groups present in normal 16-SrRNA but possesses the same 3'-OH, and 5'-phosphate terminal sequences as the latter. 23-S rRNA formed in ethionine-treated cells also contains normal terminal sequences. 5-S rRNAs of normal and ethionine-treated E. coli D10 are identical. These results lead to the conclusion that methylation of ribosomal precursor RNAs is not necessary for their maturation to products with normal chain lengths and does not influence the conformation of 16-S rRNA. PMID- 7016540 TI - The role of tyrosine residues in the function of bacteriorhodopsin. Specific nitration of tyrosine 26. AB - Treatment of the purple membrane with tetranitromethane under controlled conditions leads to the nitration of 3 mol tyrosine/mol bacteriorhodopsin. The combination of subtilisin digestion and cyanogen bromide cleavage with subsequent analysis of the resulting peptide mixture by high-performance liquid chromatography, allows identification of the positions modified in the polypeptide chain. Tyrosines 26 and 64 are fully nitrated, whereas tyrosines 131 and 133 are nitrated to about 60% and 40%, respectively. Reduction of the nitrated membranes with the water-soluble ionic agent dithionite leaves only tyrosine 26 nitrated indicating that the residues 64, 131 and 133 are located on the membrane surface. As a result of nitration, the purple complex shifts its absorption maximum from 568 nm to 532 nm. Dithionite reduction of the nitrated membrane does not reverse this effect. Removal of the retinal and reconstitution maintains the blue-shifted absorption of the chromophore. A pH-dependent equilibrium of the chromophore with a further red-shifted form is observed. The pK of this transition is at about pH 9. Because nitration of tyrosine leads to a drastic decrease of its pK a participation of tyrosine 26 in the chromophoric structure via a hydrogen bridge is suggested. This finding is consistent with a model of chromophore structure published earlier [U. Fischer and D. Oesterhelt (1979) Biophys. J. 31, 139--146]. PMID- 7016539 TI - Structural studies on the hexose region of the core in lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The structures for the hexose regions of cores from Enterobacteriaceae lipopolysaccharides have been investigated, using specific degradations and 1H NMR studies as the principal methods. Complete structures for these regions in the Salmonella, the Escherichia coli R1, R2, R3, R4, the E. coli K12 and E. coli B cores are proposed. Some complementary information on the structure of the heptose region has also been obtained. PMID- 7016542 TI - Relationship of microtubule organization in lymphocyte to the capping of immunoglobulin. AB - We have used a double fluorescence staining procedure to examine the distribution of antitubulin-staining structures in mouse splenic lymphocytes induced to patch and cap surface immunoglobulin by treatment with antiimmunoglobulin antibodies. A well organized network of fibers, extending from a single microtubule organizing center (MTOC) associated with the centriole pair, was detected by antitubulin staining at all stages of the capping process. In lymphocytes possessing as intact network, the cap was formed and internalized over the region of the cytoplasm containing the organizing center, Golgi apparatus, and most other organelles. In contrast, in lymphocytes which had been subjected to a colchicine treatment sufficient to completely disassemble networks prior to cap induction, no relationship was detected by immunofluorescence between the position of the centrioles (a marker for the MTOC) and the location of the surface cap. Electron microscopic observation of colchicine-treated cells, induced to cap by ferritin conjugated anti-Ig, revealed extensive disorganization of cytoplasmic organelles and exclusion of organelles from the region of underlying the cap. These results indicate a role for the microtubule network of lymphocytes in maintaining cytoplasmic polarity and in specifying the site of Ig cap formation. PMID- 7016543 TI - Size of native and denatured DNA of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells isolated in the presence of different protease concentrations. AB - Native DNA molecules isolated either in the presence of 50 micrograms x ml(-1) of proteinase K (PK-DNA) or in the presence of 6 mg x ml(-1) autodigested pronase (PRO-DNA) are about equal in size. Since shear forces were avoided as far as possible during the isolation procedure, the largest molecules found were longer than 100 microns. The average length of the traced molecules was 34.2 microns for PK-DNA and 29.7 microns for PRO-DNA. In contrast to PK-DNA the length of PRO-DNA molecules undergoes a dramatic change during denaturation. The average contour length of a denatured PRO-DNA molecules is only 6.9 microns. This reduction in length cannot be explained by shrinkage due to changes in ionic strength, pH and the effect of denaturing agents. Moreover, PK-DNA identically denatured was not dramatically changed in size. From this it must be concluded that PRO-DNA contains more internal ends than PK-DNA. This conclusion is supported by the results indicating that PRO-DNA is much more sensitive to nuclease S1 than PK DNA. The results are consistent with previously published biochemical data suggesting that chromosomal DNA is 'nicked' or 'gapped' in a protease-catalyzed reaction at distinct protease-sensitive sites. PMID- 7016544 TI - The cytoskeleton of blood platelets viewed by immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - Immunofluorescence microscopy has been used to characterize the morphological transitions that occur as platelets spread on a surface. Antibodies to the microfilament-specific proteins, actin, myosin, tropomyosin, alpha-actinin and filamin as well as antibodies to tubulin were used. Antibody to tubulin reveals the marginal band of microtubules as a bright fluorescent ring, the diameter of which decreases at a time coincident with pseudopod formation. The latter process is dictated by the assembly of microfilament bundles. Although the change in morphology of the platelet was not studied in detail, our data support the idea that microfilament reorganization influences the display of the marginal band of microtubules. A further conclusion is that the platelet in spite of its small diameter is a system suitable for immunofluorescence microscopy, a method which allows the rapid and simultaneous screening of many cells. PMID- 7016545 TI - Capping of surface immunoglobulin on rabbit and mouse lymphocytes. I. Kinetics. AB - The capping behaviour of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on rabbit and mouse B lymphocytes was investigated in the direct immunofluorescence test. Rabbit B lymphocytes showed fewer caps than mouse lymphocytes. This was not due to a lower rate of cap formation, but to a smaller subpopulation of cells able to form caps. This subpopulation was age-dependent in rabbits; it increased from 25% of sIg positive cells at 2 to 3 months to 50% at 2 to 3 years of age. The capping rate was not significantly different in rabbits and C57B1 mice, but it was much higher in Swiss mice. Endocytosis did not occur at temperatures below 30 degrees C. In mouse B cells endocytosis occurred exclusively in the cap configuration. In rabbit B lymphocytes, on the other hand, two types of endocytosis were observed: first, a rather rapid endocytosis during the formation of the patch configuration, occurring on small lymphocytes, and second, a rather slow endocytosis during the cap configuration, occurring on large lymphocytes. PMID- 7016547 TI - Anabolic steroids and athletics. PMID- 7016546 TI - Peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms controlling exercise-induced breathing patterns. PMID- 7016548 TI - Muscle fiber splitting in trained and untrained animals. PMID- 7016549 TI - Acid-base balance during exercise. PMID- 7016550 TI - Double-blind trial comparing guanfacine and methyldopa in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7016551 TI - Studies on externally disposed plasma membrane proteins. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid derivatization and immune precipitation. PMID- 7016552 TI - Antibodies to the most tightly bound proteins in eukaryotic DNA. PMID- 7016553 TI - Immunological identification and localization of clathrin and coated vesicles in cultured cells and in tissues. PMID- 7016554 TI - Cell surface changes associated with EGF and insulin-induced cell adhesion. PMID- 7016555 TI - Protein synthesis as a function of protein content in exponentially growing NHIK 3025 cells studied by flow cytometry and cell sorting. PMID- 7016556 TI - The dependency of nuclear division on volume in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. PMID- 7016557 TI - Synthesis and distribution of fibronectin in primary cultures of pig thyroid cells. PMID- 7016558 TI - Separation of human metaphase chromosomes at neutral pH by velocity sedimentation at 20 times gravity. PMID- 7016559 TI - Metabolic coupling between cultured pancreatic b-cells. PMID- 7016561 TI - Continuous, simultaneous, and instant display of aqueous humor dynamics with a micro-spectrophotometer and a sensitive drop counter. PMID- 7016560 TI - Lens exopeptidases. PMID- 7016562 TI - Migration of stromal cells supporting mast-cell differentiation into open wound produced in the skin of mice. AB - Mutant mice of Sl/Sld genotype are depleted of tissue mast cells due to a defect of stromal cells which may support the differentiation of mast cells. Number of mast cells did not increase in the skin of Sl/Sld mice grafted on the back of the congenic +/+ mice even 50 weeks after the transplantation. When the wound was produced in the central part of the Sl/Sld skin graft, a considerable number of mast cells appeared within the scar resulting from the wound. The appearance of mast cells in the scar was shown to be due to the differentiation of circulating precursors into mast cells rather than the simple migration of mature mast cells by using giant granules of bgJ/bgJ mice as a marker for newly-formed mast cells. Therefore, the present results seem to suggest that normal stromal cells of the +/+ host origin migrate into the wound produced in the grafted skin of Sl/Sld mice and support the differentiation of circulating precursors into mast cells. PMID- 7016563 TI - An assay for the measurement of residual damage of murine hematopoietic stem cells. AB - The proliferation rate of murine hematopoietic cells in regenerating spleen was assayed by a novel technique that analyzes the integrity of stem cells irrespective of their number. It relies on the increment of incorporation of 5 (125I) iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) at day 3 and 5 after transfusion of syngeneic marrow cells in fatally irradiated recipients. A prerequisite of the assay is the linearity between in fatally irradiated recipients. A prerequisite of the assay in the linearity between 125IUdR incorporation in the spleen and the number of cells transfused at both days of observation. The average increment of activity of 125IUdR from day 3 to 5 for the various graft size permits the description of a proliferation factor and from that a doubling time of the proliferating population in the spleen. Whole-body gamma-irradiation of donor mice causes a significant increase of doubling time in the grafts which persisted in part for 7 months after recovery from 500 rad exposure. The prolongation of doubling time expresses a residual injury and may interfere with the regulation of proliferation. PMID- 7016564 TI - Residual damage and discontinuity of recovery in the hematopoietic system of mice following gamma-irradiation. AB - Recovery of the hematopoietic system up to 35 days following whole body irradiation of mice was investigated by measuring the repopulation ability of femoral bone marrow in irradiated recipients. The assay was performed five days after transfusion by testing for incorporation of 125iodo-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) into DNA of femoral marrow and spleen. The DNA incorporating cells are progeny of transfused stem cells or early precursors. For non-irradiated donors 125IUdR incorporation in the recipient spleens was proportional to the number of transfused cells between 0.05-1.0 x 10(6)/mouse but decreased with larger grafts (5-30 x 10(6). Yet, in the femur 125IUdR incorporation remained proportional over the range of 0.5-30 x 10(6) transfused cells. Recovery was discontinuous and not complete 35 days after irradiation. A possible explanation is injury to stem cells that still permits these cells to produce progeny within a milieu of high proliferation stimulus. PMID- 7016565 TI - The ultrastructure of the hemopoietic environment of the marrow: a review. PMID- 7016567 TI - Dipyridamole - is it a bronchodilator? PMID- 7016566 TI - High T cell colony numbers do not reflect immune competence. AB - The number of T cell colonies growing from ficoll separated PHA-stimulated peripheral blood cells was compared to 3H-thymidine uptake in 133 normal donors of all ages. Unexpectedly, the two parameters did not correlate: The tendency of growing cells to aggregate during the incubation period resulted in few, but large spherical colonies in persons who by young age and high counts for thymidine uptake were judged to have good T cell function. This clustering effect was less pronounced in old persons and those with a low PHA response; it was virtually absent in 17 of 18 patients with undoubted cellular immune deficiency early after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This resulted in a growth pattern consisting of a high number of small scattered colonies. The capacity of growing cells to aggregate was sensitive to sublethal irradiation. We conclude that the number of T cell colonies growing from a given cell suspension not only depends on the number of lymphocytes responding to the mitogen. It is negatively determined by the drive of growing cells to cluster. This phenomenon deserves further study, since it appears to be a parameter of cellular immune competence which is not readily recognized with 3H thymidine incorporation. PMID- 7016568 TI - Improved preservation of neuronal glycogen by fixation with iodoacetic acid containing solutions. PMID- 7016569 TI - Changes in the distribution of the components of the troponin complex in muscle fibers after cross-innervation. PMID- 7016570 TI - Plasmodium berghei: glycolytic intermediate concentrations of the infected mouse erythrocyte. PMID- 7016571 TI - Trypanosoma brucei: the peptidases of bloodstream trypanosomes. PMID- 7016572 TI - Methyl cellosolve-induced sensitization of mice to bacterial endotoxin. PMID- 7016573 TI - Proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac muscle following strenuous exercise. PMID- 7016574 TI - Control of muscle insulin receptors by the motor nerve. PMID- 7016575 TI - At least two toxins are involved in Escherichia coli mastitis. PMID- 7016578 TI - Viability of rabbit bone marrow after cryopreservation (in vitro and in vivo). PMID- 7016577 TI - Platelet antiaggregating activity in the salivary secretion of the blood sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 7016579 TI - Distribution of 203Pb during lead-potentiated endotoxic shock. PMID- 7016576 TI - Use of peroxidase-avidin conjugate for the demonstration of intracellular antigen. PMID- 7016581 TI - X-ray determination of the GDP-binding site of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu by substitution with ppGpp. PMID- 7016580 TI - Fc-dependent binding of monocytes to areas with endothelial injury in the rabbit aorta. PMID- 7016582 TI - The binding of trimethoprim to bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 7016583 TI - Comparison of the carotenoid bandshift and oxanol dyes to measure membrane potential changes during chemotactic stimulation of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7016584 TI - Proposed sequence homology between the 5'-end regions of prokaryotic 23 S rRNA and eukaryotic 28 S rRNA. Relevance to the hypothesis that 5.8 S rRNA is homologous to the 5'-end region of 23 S rRNA. PMID- 7016585 TI - A 1H NMR study of the Escherichia coli elongation-factor Tu with guanine nucleotides and the antibiotic kirromycin. PMID- 7016586 TI - Evidence for endogenous proteolytic solubilization of human red-cell membrane NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. PMID- 7016587 TI - The primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli: amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain. PMID- 7016588 TI - Comparison between the effects of LH-RH and raised K+ concentration on release of LH from pituitary glands of female rats in vitro. PMID- 7016589 TI - Lack of tissue specificity of calmodulin: a rapid and high-yield purification method. PMID- 7016590 TI - A proton NMR study of relaxation and dynamics in polycrystalline insulin. PMID- 7016591 TI - Augmentation of prostacyclin and depression of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and thromboxane A2 by TSH in cultured porcine thyroid cells: an important role of prostacyclin in maintaining thyroid cell function. PMID- 7016592 TI - The mode of antibacterial action of some 'masked' formaldehyde compounds. PMID- 7016593 TI - Degradation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by anterior pituitary enzymes. PMID- 7016594 TI - Effects of positive pressure breathing on right and left ventricular preload and afterload. AB - Positive pressure ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to treat patients with pulmonary edema. PEEP usually raises arterial oxygen tension, but also may reduce cardiac output and stroke volume. The fall in cardiac output could be due to a fall in preload, an increase in afterload, or a decrease in myocardial contractility of either ventricle. Right ventricular afterload increases during PEEP but not enough to cause cardiac output to fall. Right atrial transmural pressure increases; right ventricular diastolic shape changes with an increase in septal to lateral diameter. Left ventricular afterload and end-diastolic volume fall during PEEP even though left atrial transmural pressure is maintained; an exaggerated decrease in left ventricular diastolic septal to lateral diameter suggests that a septal shift impairs left ventricular end-diastolic volume. PMID- 7016595 TI - Altered cardiovascular reflex responses during positive pressure breathing. AB - Cardiovascular responses during hyperinflation produced by positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) are considered to be reflexly influenced by pulmonary mechanoreceptors. Numerous studies have indicated heart and vascular effects attributed to mechanical events and cardiopulmonary mechanoreflexes. Yet interactions of these modalities with the systemic baroreflexes are not clear. We examined aspects of these modulatory interactions by distinguishing changes in pulmonary, heart, and vascular responses during PEEP-hyperinflation before and after progressive elimination of chemo-, mechano-, and baroreflex influences in the closed-chest anesthetized rabbit. During respiratory alkalosis PEEP was imposed in increments of 2.5 cm H2O (range 0.0 to 7.5 cm H2O) before and during control of carotid intrasinus pressure and following aortic denervation and vagotomy. Heart rate responses during PEEP increased prior to aortic denervation, decreased following elimination of baroreflexes, and were abolished after vagotomy. The fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during PEEP was accentuated during elimination of the baroreflexes and ameliorated following vagotomy. Mean right atrial (MRAP), intrapleural (MIP), and right atrial transmural pressure increased during PEEP prior to vagotomy. Regression analyses of MAP versus MRAP and MAP versus MIP suggest that vagally receptors reflexly influence venous as well as systemic arterial vascular pressure. Conclusion indicate that when superimposed on mechanical events, cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors and arterial baroreceptors effect conflicting facilitory reflex influences on heart and vascular responses during PEEP-hyperinflation. PMID- 7016596 TI - Blood pressure regulation: basic concepts. AB - In this paper we have attempted to explain the difference between proportional pressure control systems and the renal-blood volume-pressure control mechanism, which is an infinite gain pressure control system. Because of this infinite gain of the kidney mechanism, this mechanism has the capability of returning arterial pressure all the way back to the control leve. Furthermore, this mechanism can override the other pressure control mechanisms because of its extreme control capability. On the other hand, the renal-blood volume mechanism for pressure control itself be controlled by many other factors. These other factors are said to change the pressure "set-point" level of the renal system, and then the renal system automatically brings the pressure to the set-point level. It is especially noteworthy, however, that some of the factors that play extreme roles in short term pressure control-such as heart strength, vascular capacity, and total peripheral resistance-will not alter the long-term arterial pressure level (unless they in some way concurrently alter the set-point of the kidney mechanism). PMID- 7016597 TI - New developments in our knowledge of blood pressure regulation. AB - This paper reviews recent information about neural and humoral control of arterial blood pressure. Considerable evidence is accumulating in support of the concept that neural and humoral systems interact at both central and peripheral sites to modulate arterial pressure and to participate in the mechanisms of hypertension. The neural mechanisms reviewed include reflexes originating from sinoaortic receptors, and afferents arising from the kidney. Humoral agents discussed include angiotensin and vasopressin and the participation of their central and peripheral actions in the pathogenesis of hypertension. PMID- 7016598 TI - Antihypertensive lipids from the kidney: alkyl ether analogs of phosphatidylcholine. AB - Four types of lipids with potential antihypertensive properties have recently been derived from the kidney. These consist of prostaglandins (PG), a renin inhibitor, a neutral lipid, and alkyl ether analogs of phosphatidylcholine. PGI2, mostly renocortical, and PGE2, mostly renomedullary, may aid the antihypertensive function of the kidney by decreasing renal vascular resistance and shunting blood toward the juxtamedullary zone and the renal papilla, where the renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) are located. Several analogs of the renin inhibitor are available. The neutral lipid is a natural product derived from fresh renal medulla and from RIC grown as monolayer tissue culture. The alkyl ether analogs of phosphatidylcholine (formerly designated as the antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid or APRL) are orally active vasodilators. They cause a prolonged depressor effect due to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. The latter may be partly due to alpha-adrenergic antagonism. PMID- 7016599 TI - [P. F. Lesgaft and the development of feldsher and obstetrical education in Russia]. PMID- 7016600 TI - [Emblem of medicine]. PMID- 7016601 TI - Effect of local anaesthetics on immune reactivity. AB - Two local anaesthetics, pentacaine and trimecaine, were assayed for their effects on immune reactivity of mice in the regional popliteal lymph node after local injection of the antigen, on the regional graft-versus-host reaction and on the ability to reject skin allografts. These local anaesthetics exhibited a dose dependent, immunosuppressive effect on all the systems used, although the mechanism of their action was different: pentacaine exerted a destructive effect on lymphocytes, whereas trimecaine induced a blockade of the lymphocyte functions. PMID- 7016602 TI - Kinetics of antigen-sensitive cells in the lymphoid organs of rats during allotransplantation reaction. AB - The kinetics of antigen-sensitive cells in the peripheral blood, spleens, regional lymph nodes, and thymuses of rats was investigated at different time intervals after immunization with allogeneic lymph node cells or after immunization with allogeneic skin or tumour grafts. The lytic effect of the immunizing antigen in vitro was estimated by the percentage of surviving cells after 24 h incubation with the specific antigen prepared from the lymph nodes of graft donors. The percentage of active lymphocytes in individual lymphoid organs of rats immunized with allogenic lymphocyte suspensions was determined by the nucleolar test. Regional lymph node enlargement was evaluated by determining lymph node relative weights and enlargement indices. An immunologically specific enlargement of the regional lymph nodes, increased numbers of ASC and increased percentage of active lymphocytes were seen as early as 24 h after immunization with allogeneic lymph node cells. At this time, the number of ASC in the peripheral blood was reduced and the percentage of active lymphocytes was low. After immunization with allogeneic skin and tumour grafts, ASC were detected first in the peripheral blood, then in the regional lymph nodes as late as 8 days after immunization, and after 10 days in the spleens. PMID- 7016603 TI - Erythrocytic and granulocytic differentiation of transplanted bone marrow cells in mice treated with thyroid hormones. AB - Feeding of C57BL mice with dried thyroid glands (added to their food) for 10 days activates 59Fe incorporation into splenic heme and decreases peripheral granulocyte levels. The importance of the differentiation of haemopoietic stem cells under these conditions was investigated by using the repopulation assays. Transplantation of bone marrow cells into recipients irradiated on day 10 of treatment with thyroid hormones, i.e., in the phase of activation of erythropoiesis, results in an increase in erythropoiesis and a decrease in granulopoiesis. However, following irradiation and transplantation of animals during the phase of rebound, i.e., approximately 5-8 days after cessation of thyroid hormone treatment, erythropoiesis is depressed and granulopoiesis is activated, the values exceeding markedly the control levels. The practical importance of changes in the host inductive milieu favouring granulopoiesis is documented by the results showing that hormonal marrow has an increased capacity to prolong the survival of animals lethally irradiated in the phase of rebound after pretreatment with thyroid hormones. PMID- 7016604 TI - Immunogenetic studies in semi-inbred pigs. AB - Seventy-six siblings from 11 semi-inbred families of Landrace pigs (inbreeding coefficient 0.70-0.82) were used for transplantation of skin and renal allografts. The animals were selected with regard to the major histocompatibility complex SLA, alloantigenic systems SLB, SLC and blood groups. Using the test of the difference in mean level between two groups of observations, the influence of compatibility in the E blood group system on the survival of transplants was proved. The observed difference suggests that the E blood group complex or a linked locus behaves as a minor histocompatibility system. The induction of tolerance in piglets treated and non-treated with allogeneic sera from long-term liver recipients was also investigated. Large doses of sera did not exert any effect on skin graft survival. PMID- 7016605 TI - [The polished surface of the primary anchor]. PMID- 7016606 TI - [Jacket crowns--framework--bridges]. PMID- 7016607 TI - [The muco-seal prosthesis]. PMID- 7016608 TI - [Prosthetic reconstruction of the partially edentulous mandible]. PMID- 7016609 TI - [Pathogenesis of bacteria in the gingival fissure in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7016610 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history]. PMID- 7016611 TI - [Re-evaluation of partial restoration, with special reference to plastic filling materials]. PMID- 7016612 TI - [Epithelial attachment and marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 7016613 TI - [Periodontal diseases and polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. PMID- 7016614 TI - [Destructive mechanism of gingival connective tissue in chronic periodontitis]. PMID- 7016615 TI - [Process and mechanism of absorption and destruction of alveolar bones]. PMID- 7016616 TI - Hostages' spirits soar high with dentist's eagle T-shirts. PMID- 7016617 TI - Agglutination and bactericidal responses of the channel catfish to Salmonella paratyphi. PMID- 7016618 TI - Cross protection against fowl typhoid. Immunisation trials and humoral immune response. PMID- 7016619 TI - The reproducibility of serial meal and oral glucose tolerance tests in normal subjects. AB - Five normal volunteer subjects within 10% of their ideal body weight received four isocaloric meals per day during two separate study periods. Each study period consisted of two consecutive days one week apart. The plasma glucose and insulin response was determined half-hourly throughout the second day of each of the two study periods. Good reproducibility of the glucose and insulin response to the standardised meals on the two comparative profile days was observed. Only at three points during the day was the plasma glucose significantly different between the profile days while no differences existed for plasma insulin. In addition, a separate group of four healthy normal volunteer subjects within 10% of their ideal body weight received four 50 g oral glucose tolerance tests on each of four days, ie on two consecutive days one week apart. During the second day of each study period half-hourly plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. The within subject reproducibility of the plasma glucose and insulin response to the serial glucose loads was excellent. At one time point only was the mean plasma glucose for the group significantly different between the two study days. No statistically significant difference however was observed for the plasma insulin response between the two days. As the day progressed during both test procedures a small decrease in carbohydrate tolerance was observed. The amplitude of glycaemic excursions in response to the oral glucose tolerance tests was greater than that observed in response to the meal tolerance tests. PMID- 7016620 TI - Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon concentrations in patients with insulin independent diabetes treated with chlorpropamide. AB - The effect of chlorpropamide on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels was studied in 21 patients with insulin-independent diabetes. A metabolic profile of these parameters was obtained throughout a normal day in seven newly-diagnosed diabetic patients (group A), before, and 3 to 8 weeks after treatment with chlorpropamide was established, and in 14 patients on longterm therapy with chlorpropamide (seven taking less than 250 mg. chlorpropamide--group B; seven taking 250-375 mg.--group C), before, and two weeks after withdrawal of the drug. In group A, correction of hyperglycaemia was not accompanied by a significant rise in the mean plasma insulin and C-peptide levels but a fall was observed in the mean plasma pancreatic glucagon concentrations. In groups B and C, withdrawal of chlorpropamide produced no significant change in plasma insulin, C-peptide or glucagon levels, although the mean blood glucose increased. This study supports an extrapancreatic effect of chlorpropamide to lower blood glucose after prolonged administration. In the short-term, it is possible that chlorpropamide may influence the secretion of pancreatic glucagon. PMID- 7016621 TI - Inactivation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by 2-mercaptoethanol: loss of zinc from the active centre. PMID- 7016622 TI - Tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and its action in lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7016623 TI - Purification and characterization of hatching enzyme of the pike (Esox lucius). PMID- 7016624 TI - Gyno-Pevaryl 150: a new drug for the treatment of vaginal candidosis. PMID- 7016625 TI - A new citrated formulation of nalidixic acid (Mictral U.K.) for the treatment of acute cystitis. AB - A 3-day course of a new citrated formulation of nalidixic acid (Mictral) was assessed in fifty-four women presenting with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Over 96% of women with a significant Gram-negative bacteriuria were cured of the infection following a course of treatment. Only two relapses occurred in this group during the follow-up period. Relief of symptoms occurred in nearly 90% of infected patients and generally by the second day of treatment. Although the incidence of side-effects was about 20% they were not considered serious. PMID- 7016626 TI - The treatment of urinary tract infections in out-patients A double-blind comparison between trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. AB - The rate of side-effects should today be more important for the choice of an agent for treatment of acute urinary tract infections than the cure rate, as this usually is above 90%. The side effects with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim sulphamethoxazol) have been viewed as caused mainly by the sulphonamide component. In this randomized, double-blind trial Group A has been treated with trimethoprim 200 mg x 2 and Group B with nitrofurantoin 50 mg x 4 for a duration of 10 days. There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups. The rate of side-effects was 26% in Group A and 12% in Group B. In Group A 12% had skin eruptions, mostly appearing on Day 7 or later, in Group B 1.3% had eruptions. These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.05). This result, together with a survey of the literature, indicates that the frequency of these rashes might be related both to dosage and duration of treatment. The origin of the side-effects caused by co-trimoxazole should be reconsidered. The in vitro sensitivity against trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin was tested using a disc diffusion method in 98 infecting strains from patients in this study. Two per cent were resistant against trimethoprim and 81% against nitrofurantoin. We found no correlation between the size of the inhibition zone and bacteriological cure rate. This makes the value of the disc diffusion method in out-patients with acute urinary tract infections questionable. PMID- 7016627 TI - Therapeutic effect of pyritinol on sequelae of head injuries. AB - Two hundred and seventy patients suffering from the sequelae of different forms of brain injury have been treated orally with pyritinol 200 mg three times a day for a period of 6 weeks. It has been shown that, compared with placebo therapy, pyritinol produces statistically significant improvement in the clinical and psychoneurological manifestations. It is concluded that pyritinol is a drug of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the sequelae of cerebral trauma. PMID- 7016628 TI - The use of a soy isolate based formula in the treatment of infantile diarrhoea. AB - Lactose intolerance interferes with the recovery phase in patients with severe diarrhoea. A controlled comparison of a lactose-free soy isolate formula (Isomil) and a standard cow's milk-based formula in 112 infants with severe diarrhoea showed a significant advantage for the lactose-free formula. All the infants were dehydrated on admission and required initial intravenous therapy. The response rate in the two groups was, respectively, 93% and 75%. PMID- 7016629 TI - A double-blind trial of budesonide ointment and betamethasone-17-valerate ointment in psoriasis. AB - In a double-blind within-patient clinical trial in psoriasis, budesonide 0.025% ointment has been shown to be at least as efficient as betamethasone-17-valerate 0.1% ointment. A lower concentration of budesonide ointment, 0.01%, was used for 4 weeks of maintenance treatment. This concentration controlled residual symptoms well in a majority of the patients, thirty-two in number. PMID- 7016630 TI - Exocytosis and endocytosis in the thyroid follicle cell. PMID- 7016631 TI - Rat serum inhibits prolactin release from rat pituitary mammotrophs in culture. AB - Rat pituitary cells maintained in culture for 3 days in alpha-MEM supplemented with 17% horse serum produce and release 4-8X the quantity of prolactin (PRL) originally contained in the cells at the time of plating. Addition of small (200 microliter) quantities of rat serum repeatedly suppressed PRL release by approximately 50%. Inhibition was related to dose of rat serum. Other studies showed (a) that the cells could recover from serum-induced inhibition, (b) that the effect was independent of the age of the pituitary and/or serum donor, (c) that GH release was unaffected by rat serum addition, (d) that the effect could not be attributed to proteases in the serum preparations and (e) that addition of T3 to the culture medium prevented the inhibitory response. The inhibitory material(s) in rat serum is stable on freezing; is non-dialyzable; is heat labile; is stable over 3 days incubation at 37 degrees C; and is associated with molecules between 85 000 and 146 000 dalton. Inhibitory activity was generated upon incubating whole clotted blood at 37 degrees C for 23 h. It is suggested that the inhibitory material might (a) be released from platelets during clotting or (b) be generated from an inactive precursor molecule cleaved by proteases released during the clotting process. PMID- 7016632 TI - The pure inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase initiates Xenopus laevis meiotic maturation. A 4-step scheme for meiotic maturation. AB - The availability of the pure inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase prompted a re-examination of the inhibitor-induced meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Injection of the inhibitor (1.5 microM) triggered 100% germinal vesicle breakdown faster than progesterone and slower than the maturation-promoting factor: at 0.15 microM, the inhibitor still triggered 100% meiosis, but with a much slower kinetics. In contrast, injection of 24 microM calmodulin resulted in less than 50% GVBD, and results were variable from female to female. Combined injection of inhibitor and calmodulin failed to show any synergism, which does not favour hypotheses according to which calmodulin acts by activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The net effect of the inhibitor is to decrease the concentration of the free catalytic sub-unit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, fully dissociated in the unstimulated oocyte, as shown by the absence of effect of pretreatment with cholera toxin on the inhibitor-induced maturation. After such decrease by about 1 microM, a maturation protein, Mp-P, is dephosphorylated by phosphoprotein phosphatases. Dephospho-Mp triggers the synthesis of MPF in cycloheximide-sensitive steps. Finally, MPF triggers GVBD in steps insensitive to cycloheximide. Evidence for such a 4-step scheme--fall in cAMP levels, then in C sub-unit levels, dephosphorylation of Mp leading to the synthesis of MPF and finally MPF-triggered GVBD--is presented and discussed. PMID- 7016633 TI - Prolactin and the regulation of adipose-tissue metabolism during lactation in rats. AB - Removal of litters from young lactating rats for 24 or 48 h or treatment of lactating rats with bromocriptine increased the rate of fatty acid synthesis and the activities of lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthetase in adipose tissue, decreased the lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthetase activities of mammary gland and lowered the serum-prolactin concentration. Concurrent injections of prolactin prevented the effects of bromocriptine and 24 h of litter removal on most of these changes in adipose tissue, but did not prevent the effects of 48 h of litter removal. The results suggest that effects of prolactin on adipose tissue metabolism are dependent on a functional mammary gland. Most of the responses of adipose tissue to litter removal were reduced in older rats. PMID- 7016634 TI - The NG2 antigen, a putative lineage marker: immunofluorescent localization in primary cultures of rat brain. PMID- 7016635 TI - Origin of collagen types I, III, and V in cultures of avian skeletal muscle. PMID- 7016636 TI - The epidermal cell cycle during the metamorphosis of Tenebrio molitor L. (Insecta Coleoptera). PMID- 7016637 TI - The brainstem auditory evoked response in neurological disease: a review. PMID- 7016639 TI - A prospective study of glomerular filtration rate and arterial blood pressure in insulin-dependent diabetics with diabetic nephropathy. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, single bolus 51Cr-EDTA technique), serum creatinine, proteinuria and arterial blood pressure have been measured prospectively in 14 young onset insulin-dependent diabetics selected by of persistent proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/day) secondary to diabetic nephropathy. Twelve of the 14 patients had normal serum creatinine levels. None of the patients received antihypertensive treatment. During the mean observation period of 26 months (range 23 to 33 months) GFR decreased from 107 to 87 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.001), serum creatinine remained unchanged: 107 and 112/mumol/l (NS), proteinuria increased from 1.8 to 3.3 g/day (p less than 0.001) and arterial blood pressure rose from 132/88 to 153/101 mmHg (p less than 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate decreased linearly with time (slope = -0.75, r = 0.99, p less than 0.001) by a mean of 0.75 ml/min/month (range 0.1 to 1.5 ml/min/month). The decrease in GFR did not correlate wih sex, age at onset, duration of diabetes, arterial blood pressure, proteinuria, insulin requirement, postprandial blood glucose or the initial GFR in each individual was constant, but varied considerably between patients. Increase in arterial blood pressure to a hypertensive level is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy in young insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 7016638 TI - Increased kidney size, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in short term insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and kidney volume were measured in thirteen male subjects (mean age 30 years) with short-term insulin dependent diabetes (mean duration of disease 2.4 years) and fourteen normal male subjects (mean age 29 years). GFR and RPF were measured by constant infusion technique using I125-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran. Kidney size was determined by means of ultrasound. GFR, RPF and kidney volume were increased in the diabetic patients compared to the normal controls, 144 versus 113 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0005), 627 versus 523 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0025) and 278 versus 224 ml/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0005) respectively. Combining results from diabetic patients and controls revealed a positive correlation between kidney size and GFR (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001) and between kidney size and RPF (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). Within the groups kidney size and RPF correlated significantly in the diabetics (p less than 0.01) and the same was found for kidney size and GFR (0.025 less than p less than 0.05), while no correlations were found in the normal group. GFR and RPF correlated in the diabetics when evaluated separately (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001) and in the controls (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). The previous and present data suggest that the mechanisms of the elevated GFR in insulin-dependent diabetics are enhanced RPF, increased transglomerular hydrostatic pressure gradient and increased glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. The increased kidney size is probably the main cause of the above alterations in the GFR determinants. PMID- 7016640 TI - Infection of cultured human pancreatic B cells with reovirus type 3. AB - The capacity of reovirus type 3 to infect insulin-producing B cells was studied in human pancreatic cell cultures. Antibody to reovirus was labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and antibody to insulin was labelled with tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate. By using a double-labelled immunofluorescent antibody technique, it was shown that only about 6% of the insulin-containing human B cells in culture became infected when inoculated with unpassaged reovirus type 3. However, by repeated passage of the virus in human pancreatic B cell cultures, the percentage of infected B cells increased to 27%, and the virus titre in cultures rose from 8.0 X 19(4) pfu/ml in the first passage, to 4.9 X 10(6) pfu/ml in the 5th passage. As measured by radioimmunoassay, the intracellular immunoreactive insulin began to decrease at 24 h after infection. This decrease roughly paralleled the increase in virus titre. In contrast, there was relatively little change in immunoreactive insulin in cultures inoculated with unpassaged reovirus type 3. These studies show that the ability of reovirus type 3 to infect human B cells is enhanced by serial passage in human pancreatic cell cultures and that the infection resulted in the destruction of B cells and release of insulin. PMID- 7016641 TI - Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark. II. A prevalence study based on insulin prescriptions. AB - The study aimed at tracing the population of insulin-treated diabetics living in the Funen County, Denmark (approximately 450000 inhabitants) on 1 July 1973. It was based on a recording of insulin prescriptions among all prescriptions handled by the pharmacies in Funen County during a five-month period. Through information from medical records and public registries the verification of the diagnosis and the identity of the insulin prescription holders were checked, and it is estimated that the completeness of the study material was above 98%. Age- and sex specific prevalence rates of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus were calculated. The overall prevalence rate for males was 3.6 per 1,000 and that for females 3.3 per 1,000. PMID- 7016642 TI - A prospective analysis of antibodies reacting with pancreatic islet cells in insulin-dependent diabetic children. AB - Islet cell cytoplasmic and cell surface antibodies along with other autogenic tissue antibodies were determined prospectively from the day of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes in a group of children and adolescents. Prior to the initiation of insulin therapy 30 out of 33 were antibody-positive, 67% having islet cytoplasmic antibodies and 67% islet cell surface antibodies. Among 74 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic individuals 1% had islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and 3% had islet cell surface antibodies. A prospective analysis in 17 patients showed a diminishing prevalence of islet cell antibodies with increasing duration of diabetes. Islet cell cytoplasmic or cell surface antibodies were found independently of each other or in combination and with various patterns of persistence. The results indicate a strong association of islet cell antibodies with the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 7016643 TI - Adrenergic influence on glucocounterregulation in man. AB - To investigate the adrenergic role in glucocounterregulatory mechanisms, single blind randomised studies were performed in 7 normal males during severe insulin induced hypoglycaemia with or without adrenergic blockade. Intravenous phentolamine administration (5 mg stat and 0.5 mg/min) did not interfere with the restoration of euglycaemia from hypoglycaemia. However, recovery of blood glucose in the presence of propranolol (3 mg/3 min and 0.8 mg/min) was retarded when compared with control studies (mean plasma glucose levels +/- SEM , 50 +/- 6 mg/dl versus 66 +/- 4 mg/dl at 120 min after insulin administration) despite appropriate glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone responses. Plasma norepinephrine response was unaffected by propranolol but augmented threefold by phentolamine. Increases in plasma lactate, pyruvate and non-esterified fatty acids were blunted with propranolol while rebound non-esterified fatty acid was observed with phentolamine infusion. These data suggest that complete recovery of blood glucose from sever hypoglycaemia requires full sympathetic nervous system activity despite the integrity of other counterregulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7016644 TI - Dynamics of insulin release by perfused edible dormouse (Glis glis) pancreas. Seasonal variations. AB - In order to characterize seasonal variations of beta cell function in the edible dormouse (Glis glis), the dynamics of insulin release were examined during perfusion of the isolated pancreas. The B cells exhibited biphasic insulin secretion; however, the dynamic response differed from that of the rat in that there was a steady-state second release phase. Glucose-induced insulin release changed according to the seasons. With 16.8 mmol/l glucose, the average insulin release of the late phase was 30.8 +/- 12.6 ng/min in winter, 7.4 +/- 3.2 ng/min in spring, 13.1 +/- 3 ng/min in summer and 23.3 +/- 4.4 ng/min in autumn. The glucose-induced insulin release, expressed as percent of the insulin content of the pancreas, varied according to the season: it represented 2.23 +/- 0.31% in winter, 1.28 +/- 0.10% in spring, 1.56 +/- 0.15 in summer and 2.6 +/- 0.11 in autumn. It is suggested that in spring and summer, the edible dormouse B cell secretion mechanism is less sensitive to glucose than in the other seasons. PMID- 7016645 TI - Cord blood C-peptide:glucose ratio - a good indicator of B cell function in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7016646 TI - [The effect of physical exercise on the glyco-lipid effect in normal and diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7016647 TI - [Baroreceptors in the physiopathology and clinical aspects of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7016648 TI - [Controlled study of of the long-term effects of the prolonged administration of proxazole in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7016649 TI - [Double-blind study of SAMe (capsules) and aspirin in osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 7016650 TI - [Vindesine: a new antineoplastic drug]. PMID- 7016651 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of arrhythmias]. PMID- 7016652 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in the evaluation of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7016653 TI - [Prostaglandins and ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7016654 TI - [Dilazep]. PMID- 7016655 TI - [Electrocardiography at a semeiological turning point]. PMID- 7016656 TI - [Symptomatic vascular rings in infancy. Surgical treatment in 19 patients (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of 19 patients under two years of age (75% under six months), with severe symptoms for the presence of a complete or incomplete vascular ring. Twelve patients had double aortic arch, two had a right aortic arch with a left ligamentum arteriosum, four a symptomatic retroesophageal right subclavian artery and one an abnormally placed innominate artery. Symptoms, methods of diagnosis, indications to the surgical treatment, surgical techniques and late results are considered. The Authors remark that even if correction of these rare congenital malformations may be simple and with a low operative mortality, many problems exist in the early diagnosis and in the post-operative treatment of these patients. PMID- 7016657 TI - Liver abscess complicating Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ileitis. AB - The occurrence of solitary liver abscess is described in a young farmer with subacute terminal ileitis mimicking Crohn's disease. Serologic tests showed high titers of antibodies for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Treatment with troleandomycin was successful. This case report suggests that: (a) Yersinia infection must be systematically searched for in all forms of subacute ileitis; (b) a classically benign Yersinia ileitis may be complicated by liver abscess; (c) antibiotic therapy must be undertaken in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subacute ileitis to avoid severe infectious complications. PMID- 7016658 TI - Liver blood flow. I. Intrinsic and nervous control of liver blood flow. PMID- 7016659 TI - Pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7016660 TI - [Insulin requirements of the diabetic woman during pregnancy, labor, delivery and the puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - The author demonstrates - contrary to all existing opinions - that without doubt insulin demand increases very early and relative continually; it stagnates only in the last weeks of pregnancy. Therefore gravid women have a resource of insulin - sufficient to guarantee (for sake of fetus) a constant level of blood-glucose. The author argues, that it may be taken for granted, that above all other hormones human placental lactogen (HPL) is responsible for regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy. One of the most important consequences of these results is the necessity, to control the renal insulin demand of pregnant women at brief intervals (not longer than 14 days). That is the most certain way to protect fetus from injury (fetopathia!), caused by anomal high concentration of maternal blood-glucose. Moreover: alteration of insulin demand signal the condition of placenta, thus enabling the physician to act in due time. PMID- 7016661 TI - Inhibition of enzymic reactions by transition state analogs: an approach for drug design. PMID- 7016662 TI - Dome castings for overdentures: an alternative method. PMID- 7016663 TI - Aerosols and cross infection in dental practice--a historic view. PMID- 7016664 TI - The effect of prolactin on water absorption by the intestine of the trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 7016666 TI - Genetics Society of America. Directory. PMID- 7016665 TI - Relationships between creativity and psychopathology: an evaluation and interpretation of the evidence. AB - An age-old belief links creativity with psychopathology. The present paper examines the degree of scientific support for this belief and proposes a scheme for interpretation of the evidence within a framework of multiple causation. First, three major theories are considered; these differ fundamentally regarding whether creative ability and/or motivation may be associated with psychopathology. Next, creativity research involving cognitive, personality, motivational, and environmental variables is examined in this theoretical context. Results do not emerge as definitive for any one type of position. It is suggested instead that the origins of creativity may be heterogeneous; separate explanations may be required for distinct S subgroups, to potentially include subgroups within traditional psychiatric diagnostic categories. Epidemiological research is then considered. Despite methodological shortcomings, this work as a whole appears to support elevated levels of psychopathology among recognized creators compared to the general population, and familial (and perhaps even genetic) patterns of creativity-psychopathology association. Affective psychosis is particularly prominent across studies although design features limit full consideration of other pathologies. Some etiological hypotheses are then indicated within the framework of a proposed, inclusive classification scheme. Finally, considerations for further research are discussed, and the potential importance of continued inquiry in this area is emphasized. PMID- 7016667 TI - Variants of a cloned synthetic lactose operator. I. A palindromic dimer lactose operator derived from one stand of the cloned 40-base pair operator. AB - Starting with one strand of the 40-bp synthetic operator (Sadler et al., 1978), we have constructed and cloned a 66-bp, palindromic DNA segment with the following sequence (Formula: see text), where the horizontal arrows indicate the locations of the two 21-bp "core" operator sequences in this segment and the vertical arrow designates the dyad axis of symmetry. Upon denaturation and rapid renaturation, each strand of this fragment forms a hairpin molecule still retaining an EcoRI cohesive end. Two hairpin molecules can be joined with T4 DNA ligase to form a duplex DNA molecule having no ends (dumbbell form A). Denaturation and rapid renaturation of dumbbell A yields a mixture of two dumbbell forms: dumbbell A which is a substrate for Eco RI, and a new form, dumbbell B, which is not a substrate. Each of the conformations of this DNA fragment have been purified and all are active in binding lactose repressor in vitro. PMID- 7016668 TI - Variables affecting the selectivity and efficiency of retention of DNA fragments by E. coli RNA polymerase in the nitrocellulose-filter-binding assay. AB - In this paper we characterize the effect of varying the solution conditions and filter-binding protocols on the extent and selectivity of DNA retention on nitrocellulose filters by DNA-binding proteins. These effects are illustrated by the binding interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with lambda and T7 phage DNA restriction fragments. We present procedures which will help enhance the selective retention of some DNA restriction fragments over others. These include increasing the pH and salt concentration, decreasing the enzyme-to-DNA ratio, and including an appropriate washing step. Selective binding is not dependent on the presence of Mg2+. Although we only show data for RNA polymerase DNA interactions, many of the principles discussed are likely to find practical applications in studying selective DNA-protein binding in general. PMID- 7016670 TI - Pain management of the cancer patient. AB - In summary, there are several ways to manage chronic pain with pharmacologic agents. The clinician should consider adjunctive agents such as antidepressants, stimulants, and antianxiety drugs as well as the standard narcotic analgesics. It is important to consider various modalities in treating the patient. A greater likelihood of successful pain control will be realized if the clinician determines a patient's pain pattern and the factors that appear to impact upon the pain cycle. With these aspects in mind, the rational application of these various analgesics will bring about the eventual goal, preventing of severe, agonizing pain. PMID- 7016669 TI - Role of the pharmacist in cancer care throughout history. PMID- 7016671 TI - A multidimensional approach to the treatment of pain in the oncology patient. PMID- 7016672 TI - Biologic basis for integrated management for cancer of the breast. PMID- 7016673 TI - [Hygienic prediction of indoor air pollution by harmful substances released from polymeric materials]. PMID- 7016674 TI - [Microorganism contamination of cosmetic products]. PMID- 7016675 TI - [Comprehensive research in developing and evaluating new dairy products for mass consumption]. PMID- 7016676 TI - [Use of sanitary bacteriological study methods]. PMID- 7016677 TI - [Comparative evaluation of a simplified method of determining the enterococcal index in water]. PMID- 7016678 TI - [Characteristics of the bactericidal action of solar radiation indoors]. PMID- 7016679 TI - [Mutagenic activity of chromium compounds]. PMID- 7016680 TI - [Myopia in schoolchildren, its causes and mechanism of development]. PMID- 7016681 TI - The experience of old age as depicted in contemporary novels: a supplementary bibliography. PMID- 7016682 TI - [Hormonal and lipid metabolic changes in chronic occupational methylmethacralate poisoning]. PMID- 7016683 TI - [Silicoarthritis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7016685 TI - [Optimization of periodic medical examinations of the workers in Donbass industrial plants]. PMID- 7016684 TI - [Dr. V. A. Levitskii's meetings with V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 7016686 TI - [Current industrial hygiene problems in plastics manufacture (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7016688 TI - Impaired glucose tolerance and growth hormone in chronic liver disease. AB - Of 30 patients with chronic liver disease 16 showed some degree of impairment of glucose tolerance, and 16 patients had lack of suppression of raised fasting growth hormone levels or showed an anomalous rise after oral glucose. No relationship, however, existed between the state of glucose tolerance and the presence of abnormal growth hormone levels. Plasma glucose in those with normal growth hormone response at 0, 1/2, 1, 1-1/2, and 2 hours, after 50 g glucose were 5.55 +/- 0.41 mmol/l, 8.71 +/- 0.59, 10.66 +/- 0.99, 10.28 +/- 1.37, 8.90 +/- 1.40 (mean +/- SEM; n = 14). Under the same conditions those with abnormal growth hormone responses showed values of 5.32 +/- 0.59, 7.83 +/- 0.81, 9.41 +/- 0.95, 9.46 +/- 0.99, 8.69 +/- 0.98. At no time were the differences significantly different as judged by Student's t test. Measurement of serum insulin indicated a relative deficiency in patients with impaired tolerance. It is concluded that the abnormal growth hormone is not directly responsible for the impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 7016690 TI - Running the Medicaid placement gauntlet. PMID- 7016687 TI - [Experimental intubation method of treating esophageal perforation]. PMID- 7016689 TI - Symptom relief and the placebo effect in the trial of an anti-peptic drug. AB - In order to determine some of the factors involved in the response of duodenal ulcers to placebo treatment, the following factors were studied prospectively during a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: demographic data; duration of illness and effect of treatment; expectation of success or failure of the new drug; presence of psychiatric problems; and suggestibility. Healing (measured by endoscopy) occurred in 37 patients, 17 of whom were receiving placebo; relief of symptoms occurred in 35 patients, 16 of whom were receiving placebo. There was no significant difference between drug and placebo. Healing was significantly associated with relief of symptoms but with no other variable. Relief of symptoms was more common in male patients and in those from higher social classes, as well as in patients who expected a complete cure and those without evidence of psychiatric problems. the natural history of the disease may be different in these patients. Unexpectedly, suggestibility was not associated with healing or relief of symptoms in the patients receiving placebo. PMID- 7016691 TI - [Effects of benzoylcholine on ChE activity in rabbit and rat brain and erythrocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Cholinesterase (ChE) hydrolyzing acetylcholine (ACh) in vivo can be classified into two groups. The ChE localizing in brain and erythrocytes is known as ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MeCh) but not benzoylcholine (BzCh). The ChE localizing in liver and serum is termed pseudo ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and BzCh but not MeCh. Effects of BzCh, a specific substrate of pseudo ChE on true ChE in brain mitochondria and erythrocytes of rabbit and rat were studied. The ChE activities in rabbit brain with ACh and MeCh as substrates were decreased to 1/4 and 1/3 of the control activities by addition of 10 mM BzCh, respectively. The pS curve for ChE in rabbit brain and erythrocytes with ACh and MeCh as substrates markedly decreased by addition of 3 mM of BzCh. The inhibitory effect of BzCh was reversible and competitive, as assessed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot method. BzCh protected by the irreversible inactivating effect of true ChE by DEP. These results suggest that BzCh is not hydrolyzed by true ChE but does have an affinity for the active center of true ChE. PMID- 7016693 TI - Fifty years of the scientific work of Professor Boleslaw Popielski. PMID- 7016692 TI - [Insulin secretion in the perfusion of rat pancreas in situ (author's transl)]. AB - A new perfusion technique was applied to the rat pancreas to elucidate neural mechanisms related to insulin secretion. The pancreas and a part of the gastroduodenal tract were perfused in situ with an artificial perfusion fluid consisting of 5% of rat blood cells, 4% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% of glucose and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Stimulation (5-10V, 5 msec, 50 Hz for 5 min) to the right or bilateral cervical vagal nerves produced a significant increase in insulin activity in the perfusate. Acetylcholine (5-10 micrograms/0.1 ml) added to the perfusion fluid produced a dose-dependent increase in insulin activity in the perfusate, and the responses disappeared after pretreatment with atropine (100 micrograms/ml in perfusion fluid). After adding noradrenaline or isoproterenol (each 0.1 micrograms/0.1 ml) to the perfusion fluid, appreciable changes were not apparent. PMID- 7016694 TI - Naturally occurring phenalenones and related compounds. PMID- 7016695 TI - Molecular mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed dioxygenation (an interdisciplinary review). PMID- 7016697 TI - [Immunohistochemical investigation on the distribution of gastrin cells and the total gastrin-cell number (author's transl)]. PMID- 7016696 TI - [Antibacterial treatment of urinary tract infections with co-tetroxazin (sterinor)]. AB - In 100 patients with urinary tract infections the new benzyl pyrimidine/sulphonamide combination Co-tetroxazin (Sterinor) was tested concerning its in vitro and in vivo action. In spite of the heterogenous cases (pyelonephritis 16%, obstructions 15%, prostatitis respectively urethritis 12% and cystitis 53%) and the relatively high average age (about 40% above the age of 60) a high therapeutic success was achieved. The clinical symptomatology improved up to 96% (respectively 83% without anymore pathological findings). This in vivo action correlated very well with the in vitro action in the agar diffusion test: fully sensitive 79%, moderately sensitive 15% and resistant only 6%. It is worth mentioning that the in vivo results with Sterinor were obtained with only 1/3 of the usual substance load (dosis) of the other benzylpyrimidine/sulphonamide combinations. This is due to the more favourable pharmacokinetic properties. Particularly in chronic patients, multi-morbidity and in elder patients this is clinically relevant. With this proven comparable clinical effect Co-tetroxazin is to be specified therefore to be more effective pharmacologically. PMID- 7016698 TI - [Injection of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspegic) in progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 7016699 TI - [Naprosyn in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Report on a 5-month trial]. PMID- 7016700 TI - [Clinical observation of 12 cases of primary aldosteronism, special reference to the diagnostic problem (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve cases of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital from 1965 to 1975 were studied. 1. Attention should be paid for the existence of PA as a frequent cause of juvenile hypertension in female, since female were frequently than in male (11 cases of female to 1 case of male) and 10 of 12 patients with PA were pointed out to have high blood pressure at the age of under 40. 2. Periodic paralysis as a main clinical symptom with PA were more frequent in our study than in the reports of other countries, which might be due to a large amount of salt intake in Japanese. 3. In accordance with the rapid progress of hormonal estimation for plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), the usefulness of potassium clearance test by the use of sodium thiosulfate became less worth. 4. It was impossible to differentiate primary aldosteronism from low renin essential hypertension by means of PRA after the stimuli of intravenous injection of furosemide and walking, but it could be differentiated after 3 days of sodium restriction, 3 days of administration of hydrochrolothiazide (75 mg/day) and 3 hours of walking. 5. With the long-term use of diuretics and various kinds of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of high blood pressure in patients with PA, normal basal level and responsiveness of PRA were observed. Therefore no patient should be put through renin and aldosterone studies while on diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. 6. The 131I-19-iodocholesterol adrenal scintigraphy is a first choice method for the localizing diagnosis of PA because of inherent disadvantages in selective adrenal venography or in the determination of PAC in adrenal venous blood obtained against by catheterization of the adrenal veins. PMID- 7016701 TI - Effect of gut peptides on glucose-stimulated insulin release by monolayer cultures of neonatal rat islet cells. AB - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), bombesin, neurotensin, substance P, and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) were examined for their effects upon glucose stimulated insulin secretion in denervated and isolated islet cells, namely, monolayer cultures of dispersed neonatal rat pancreatic islet cells. Only glucagon (14 nM), GIP (10 and 20 nM), and CCK-OP (20 nM) enhanced glucose stimulated insulin release during a 60-min incubation period. None of the others altered insulin secretion under the conditions employed, although reported to influence insulin release in other systems. PMID- 7016702 TI - Acute changes in human erythrocyte insulin receptors. PMID- 7016703 TI - Indirect evidence of the formation of high molecular weight immunoreactive insulin (HWIRI) in the circulation of man. PMID- 7016704 TI - Control of lipolysis in isolated hepatocytes by insulin and glucagon. PMID- 7016705 TI - Conn's syndrome in a patient with acromegaly. AB - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in a female patient suffering from acromegaly and severe hypertension was studied and a suppressed plasma renin activity could be found. A catheterisation of both adrenal veins, a bilateral adrenal gammagraphy and an abdominal CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of an aldosterone-producing right adrenal adenoma (Conn's Syndrome). We greatly emphasized the need of investigating the RAAS in acromegalic patients suffering from hypertension. PMID- 7016706 TI - The mechanism of abnormal pancreatic beta cell response to food following acute hypoglycaemia in man. AB - Following acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, an abnormal pattern of insulin secretion in response to a meal has been demonstrated in six healthy volunteers. This is characterized by an initial impairment in insulin secretion and late hyperinsulinaemia. Postprandial gastrointestinal hormone levels were normal following hypoglycaemia in these subjects. In four other subjects, the administration of intravenous glucose prior to the meal partially reversed the abnormal pattern of secretion. In two patients with a total pre-ganglionic sympathectomy, the pattern of blood glucose, plasma insulin and C-peptide was similar to that observed following hypoglycaemia in normal subjects. It is unlikely that an abnormal entero-insular axis or an elevation of plasma catecholamine levels are primarily responsible for this phenomenon. This effect of hypoglycaemia on postprandial insulin secretion may be caused by glucopenia of the pancreatic beta cells. PMID- 7016707 TI - Glucagon in spontaneously diabetic KK mice. AB - In order to investigate the relationship between the development of diabetes mellitus and glucagon, experimental studies were performed in genetically diabetic mice (KKA gamma and KK B1) and in C57 mice of various ages. In the KK mice, the fasting plasma glucose increased during the aging process and reached the maximum at 14 weeks. The fasting plasma insulin in the KK mice was significantly elevated during the aging process and continued to increase till 20 weeks of age. In contrast, an increase in the fasting plasma glucagon was observed only at the age of 4 weeks, although the plasma glucagon increased during the aging process. The content of the insulin in the pancreas of the KK mice was significantly higher than that of the C57 mice, continuing to increase during the aging process. the glucagon content of the pancreas increased during the aging process but no significant difference was observed between the KK mice and the control mice. The total immunoreactive glucagon in the jejunum measured by non-specific antiserum was slightly reduced in the KK mice at the age of 14 weeks, compared with the C57 mice. There was no difference in the glucagon content of the stomach between the KK mice and the C57 mice of various ages. The KK mice at 14 weeks showed an elevated plasma glucagon 30 min after glucose injection, compared with the C57 mice, which indicates a reduced suppression of glucagon in response to hyperglycemia in the KK mice. The plasma glucagon in the KK mice 30 min after arginine was slightly higher than in the control mice, although not significantly so. From these results it was concluded that the KK mice revealed an elevation of fasting plasma glucagon in the early stage of diabetes mellitus and a decrease in glucose-induced glucagon suppression at 14 weeks and that diabetes mellitus in the KK mice derived mainly from insulin resistance associated with hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7016709 TI - Hormone responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in adipose tissue of normoglycemic and hyperglycemic sand rats. PMID- 7016710 TI - Progesterone antagonizes insulin effect: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 7016708 TI - Reciprocal changes, caused by insulin and glucagon, of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in rats in vitro. AB - Effects of insulin and glucagon on lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue were studied in vitro. Adipose tissue from normal or streptozotocin diabetic rats was incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 60 min at 38 degrees C in the presence of heparin and lipoprotein lipase released from the tissue into the incubation medium was measured. Diabetic rats showed markedly low activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Insulin (500 microU/ml) increased lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue from diabetic rats. Glucagon (500 pg/ml), on the other hand, decreased the enzyme activity in normal rat adipose tissue. The results indicate that insulin and glucagon cause reciprocal changes of lipoprotein lipase activity in rat adipose tissue. PMID- 7016711 TI - A novel alkaline proteinase associated with the actomyosin complex from pig uterine myometrium. AB - A novel proteolytic activity has been demonstrated an partially characterized in the actomyosin complex isolated from smooth uterine muscle. This proteolytic activity showed an alkaline pH optimum, was inhibited by SH-group-blocking reagents but not by metal-chelating agents and copurified with the actomyosin complex. An important characteristic of this alkaline proteolytic activity was that it seems to hydrolyze the actomyosin by limited proteolysis with a concomitant loss of the myosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity. PMID- 7016712 TI - A sensitive method for the demonstration of senile plaques in the dementing brain. AB - Senile plaques occur mainly in the cerebral grey matter and are increased in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. A new method for the demonstration of senile plaques is described which consists of irradiating unstained paraffin wax embedded sections with ultraviolet light. Senile plaques exhibit blue autofluorescence which is usually clearly visible against the background autofluorescence of the neuropil. PMID- 7016713 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma after thymus graft. PMID- 7016714 TI - Suture savings only one way to cut costs. PMID- 7016715 TI - Genetic interpretation of racial/ethnic differences in lactose absorption and tolerance: a review. PMID- 7016716 TI - Presence of proteins in human bones 200, 1200 and 1500 years of age. PMID- 7016717 TI - Changes in the seasonal distribution of births in Gorlitz, Germany, during the period between 1657 and 1816. PMID- 7016718 TI - Comparison of alternative chromogens for renal immunohistochemistry. AB - Renal immunomicroscopy using enzyme labeled reagents has been shown to be a reliable method for the identification of immunoglobulins and complement in the routine evaluation of glomerular disease. However, the potential carcinogenicity of benzidine derivatives used in the procedure represents a major disadvantage of the technique. With a series of 55 renal biopsy specimens evaluated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy from patients with a variety of renal diseases, a study was done comparing aminoethylcarbazole and the Hanker-Yates reagent (p-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol), chromogens chemically unrelated to benzidine. Aminoethylcarbazole was not suitable for renal immunomicroscopy, since in cases of antiglomerular basement membrane disease the color reaction product was finely granular at high magnification. Specimens immunostained with the Hanker-Yates reagent yielded permanent water insoluble reaction products and immunomicroscopic patterns identical to the results observed with immunofluorescence in all cases. To our knowledge, no carcinogenic properties have been identified for p-phenylenediamine or pyrocatechol. The Hanker-Yates reagent may be used routinely for renal enzyme immunomicroscopic studies with no currently identified carcinogenic hazard to laboratory personnel. PMID- 7016721 TI - Boredom: a review. PMID- 7016720 TI - Demonstration of astrocytes in cultured amniotic fluid cells of three cases with neural-tube defect. AB - We have investigated the origin of rapidly adhering (RA) cells in three cases of neural tube defects (two anencephali, one encephalocele). We were able to demonstrate the presence of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in variable percentages (4--80%) of RA cells cultured for 4--6 days by use of indirect immunofluorescence with GFA antiserum. Cells cultured from amniotic fluids of normal pregnancies and fetal fibroblasts were completely GFA protein negative. GFA protein is well established as a highly specific marker for astrocytes. Demonstration of astrocytes may prove to be a criterion of high diagnostic value for neural tube defects. The percentage of astrocytes decreased with increasing culture time, while the percentage of fibronectin positive cells increased both in amniotic fluid cell cultures from neural tube defects and normal pregnancies. PMID- 7016719 TI - On the significance of C2, C4, and factor B polymorphisms in disease. AB - In this review article, recent evidence is presented that some diseases like insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and idiopathic membranous nephropathy, which are primarily associated with HLA-D,DR, are also related to the rare C2, C4, and Factor B alleles. Circumstantial evidence is available that at least some of these rare variants may be functionally deficient. Based on the concept of functionally interacting gene clusters, mutant complement genes may lead to impaired effector mechanisms in virus neutralization or lysis of virus-infected cells. Other mechanisms such as alteration of vascular permeability may be involved in the development of proliferative retinopathy and familial hypertension. In lepromatous lepra, an impaired cell-mediated lysis of M. leprae may be related to the hemolytically inactive C4F1 allelic product. PMID- 7016723 TI - Physiological correlates of states and activity in the central nervous system [review]. PMID- 7016722 TI - Investigation of the role of glucocorticoids and insulin in energy metabolism regulation at an antarctic coastal station. PMID- 7016725 TI - Analysis of forces transmitted by upper complete dentures to the supporting tissue to contribute to better denture design. PMID- 7016724 TI - Electrode and electrolyte impedance in the detection of bacterial growth. PMID- 7016726 TI - Florence Nightingale and international origins of modern nursing. PMID- 7016727 TI - Ethel Fenwick's legacy to nursing and women. PMID- 7016728 TI - The cellular and genetic basis of murine lupus. PMID- 7016729 TI - Autoimmunity to spermatozoa and the testis. PMID- 7016730 TI - Nephritogenic antibody mechanisms involving antigens within the glomerulus. PMID- 7016732 TI - Receptors for immunoglobulins on resting and activated human T cells. PMID- 7016731 TI - Occurrence and potential significance of increased numbers of T cells with Fc receptors in myeloma. PMID- 7016733 TI - In vitro functions of human T cells expressing Fc-IgG or Fc-IgM receptors. PMID- 7016734 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. PMID- 7016735 TI - Characterization and function of T cell Fc gamma receptor. PMID- 7016736 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes: laboratory and clinical studies. PMID- 7016737 TI - [A contribution to stepless antibody determination by the "enzyme linked immunosorbent assay" (ELISA) (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method for the mathematical calculation of ELISA results is described. Using the formula (formula: see text) (Eu, En, Ep = extinction values of the unknown serum, the negative, and positive standard serum, respectively) an index value Iu is calculated for the testserum, whereby the optical density of the testserum is put in relation to the optical density of a negative and positive standardserum. Using three different ELISA test systems, the Iu values of a number of human, bovine and rabbit testsera were relatively uniform and reproducible in repeated investigations. A statistically calculated tolerance limit for the index values of negative sera can be introduced into the formula described, thus facilitating the decision "negative" or "positive" for unknown sera. PMID- 7016738 TI - Interaction of streptococcal cell wall components with fibrinogen. I. adsorption of fibrinogen by immobilized T-proteins of streptococcus pyogenes. AB - Immobilized streptococcal T1-, T3- and T4-proteins to AH-Sepharose 4B were tested for their ability to absorb human fibrinogen. Purified fibrinogen and plasma samples were used for affinity chromatography. T1-protein was able to retain specifically fibrinogen from plasma. T4-protein bound fibrinogen in a similar manner, but it was not as specific as T1-protein. T3-protein failed to bind purified fibrinogen as well as fibrinogen from plasma. Adsorption of fibrinogen was accomplished using a 0.05 M phosphate/0.2 M NaCl/0.02% NaN3/pH 7.0 buffer system followed by elution with 0.05 M PO4/1 M NaCl/0.02% NaN3 to remove non specifically bound components. Retained components were eluted with 8 M Urea/0.025 M NaOAc, pH 5 and the fractions analyzed for fibrinogen content by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of fibrinogen was determined by observations of the characteristic A alpha, B beta and gamma chain bands. PMID- 7016739 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin-induced inhibition of complement-dependent phagocytosis. AB - In a previous investigation, inhibition of complement-dependent rosette formation by alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was observed, and it was demonstrated that alpha 1-AT interacts through its carbohydrate portion with C3 and its fragments. In the present study, the effect of alpha 1-AT on the complement-receptor mediated phagocytosis by human peripheral blood monocytes was examined. Purified alpha 1-AT inhibited in a dose-dependent manner phagocytosis of C3-carrying yeast particles. Inhibition was selective, concerned only C3-receptor-mediated phagocytosis, neither Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis nor uptake of untreated yeast particles was blocked by alpha 1-AT. It was demonstrated that alpha 1-AT towards C3 and fragments of C3 was not mediated by its antiprotease effect, but by its carbohydrate moiety. This finding suggests that alpha 1-AT may have an impact on various immune functions involving complement receptors. PMID- 7016740 TI - Additional evidence for the role of hyaluronic acid in the macrophage disappearance reaction. AB - A slight macrophage disappearance reaction was elicited in C3H/Hej mice, a low responder strain. Low levels of hyaluronic acid accumulated in the peritoneal fluid during the disappearance reaction, in keeping with the low response. The macrophage disappearance reaction was not simulated by the intraperitoneal injection of large amounts of hyaluronate into nonsensitized C3H/Hej mice. This suggested that these macrophages were refractory to hyaluronic acid. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that low concentrations of hyaluronic acid did not agglutinate these cells, in vitro, nor inhibit their migration to the extent obtained with macrophages from the responder mice (C57BL/6 strain), thus providing evidence that the low responder mice had at least two defects with respect to the disappearance reaction: 1) they accumulated less hyaluronic acid in their peritoneal fluid, and 2) their macrophages were refractory towards hyaluronic acid. Generalized defects in membranes of various cell types of C3H/Hej mice, involving receptors for lymphokines in the case of mesothelial cells, or hyaluronic acid receptors on macrophages may serve as the central defect and explain the above observations. PMID- 7016741 TI - Clearance and tissue uptake of immune complexes in complement-depleted and control mice. AB - The clearance kinetics, specific hepatic uptake and specific splenic uptake of immune complexes were examined in control mice and in mice treated with large doses of purified cobra venom factor (CoF) to deplete serum C3. At least 90% depletion of C3 was achieved as tested by double diffusion with antiserum specific to antigenic determinants on C3. A saturating dose of preformed immune complexes, consisting of HSA and rabbit antibodies to HSA, was used in these experiments. No differences in clearance kinetics and organ uptake of the immune complexes containing IgG as antibodies were observed between the two groups of mice. Within the limits of the experimental system no evidence was obtained for the participation of serum C3 and C3b receptors on Kupffer cells in the hepatic uptake of circulating immune complexes. The apparent discrepancies on the role of C3 and C3b receptors between these experiments and the in vitro studies on the uptake of immune complexes by macrophages is most likely related to the differences in the lattice of immune complexes employed by investigators. PMID- 7016742 TI - Quantitative differences between complement factor-B phenotypes. AB - In a study of 365 unrelated blood donors the structural polymorphism was determined by high-voltage electrophoresis followed by immunofixation with monospecific anti-Bf serum as described by Alper, Boenish & Watson (1972), and serum levels were measured by rocket-immunoelectrophoresis as described by Sjoholm (1975). We found that the mean level of Factor B in relation to structural phenotypes varies significantly in the order BfF greater than BfFS greater than BfS, though great variation was observed within types. A similar difference was also found with a functional assay of Factor B in agarose plates, although this method is less accurate. Concerning the biological functions, such as opsonization and bacteriolysis, it might be that individuals with the BfF allele are more able to withstand infectious agents than BfS subjects. The Bf polymorphism may therefore be transient, the BfF allele being in a process of replacing BfS by natural selection. PMID- 7016743 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: sequence of phagocytosis and cytotoxicity by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - We have studied the relationship between phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to sensitized Trypanosoma cruzi. Assays were done simultaneously using [3H]-uridine labelled epimastigotes as target cells. Phagocytosis was evaluated by the uptake and cytotoxicity by the release of parasite associated [3H]-uridine. Both reactions reached maximum levels at the same effector- to target-cell ratio and antibody concentration. Uptake of epimastigotes by PMN was highest at 30 min and intracellular disruption and release of parasite debris took place later. In conditions that precluded repeated uptake of sensitized radiolabelled T. cruzi, the release profile of [3H] uridine from PMN that contained intracellular parasites was similar to that of the standard cytotoxic assay. However, as the ingestion phase was separated from the release step, no lag in the onset of the reaction was observed. Although we cannot rule out extracellular killing, the results of this study demonstrate that the bulk of damaged T. cruzi epimastigotes had been previously internalized by the PMN. PMID- 7016744 TI - The role of T and B antigen-binding cells in the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. AB - Our previous studies in the lizard, Calotes versicolor showed that low doses of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) induced bimodal rosette-forming cell (RFC) response, the first RFC peak appearing on the 2nd day and the second on the 10th day after immunization. In the present study, the type of lymphocytes involved in rosette formation has been analysed with reference to their role in the immune response to sheep erythrocytes. One month after adult thymectomy the formation of the early but not the late rosettes was suppressed. The early RFC were sensitive to the in vitro blocking and cytotoxic activity of rabbit anti-lizard thymocyte globulin (ATG), but not the late rosettes. The interrelationship between these two populations has been studied using cyclophosphamide (Cy) and anti-SRBC antiserum. The development of the early RFC was suppressed when Cy was injected with antigen. However, late RFC (B-RFC) were not detected when the drug treatment was postponed to the 7th day of immunization. The absence of any one RFC peak resulted in the inhibition of plaque-forming cell (PFC) response. Thus, the development of early RFC and late RFC occurs independently, although both are required for effective antibody production. The anti-SRBC antiserum inhibited the formation of RFC and PFC responses, when injected along with low doses of SRBC. When antiserum was given 3 days after immunization, both RFC responses occurred to the normal level, even though PFC response was suppressed, however, when the treatment was delayed up to 6 days normal PFC response occurred. Thus, the presence of antigen in the system for up to 6 days is needed for antibody response. The results indicate the sequential appearance to T and B antigen binding cells in the spleen of the lizard and their interrelationship in antibody production to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7016746 TI - The localization of populations of lymphocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies in rat lymphoid tissues. AB - The localisation of subpopulations of T lymphocytes as defined by the monoclonal antibodies W3/25 and MRC OX 8 was determined by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on cryostat sections of rat lymphoid tissues. Both subpopulations were present throughout T-dependent areas with only scattered T cells, largely W3/25 positive, in the B areas. The W3/25 antigen was also found on macrophages in the medulla of lymph nodes and in the peritoneal cavity and liver. PMID- 7016745 TI - The fate of temperature-sensitive salmonella mutants in vivo in naturally resistant and susceptible mice. AB - The in vivo net growth rate of salmonellae in mice is faster with virulent than with attenuated strains, and slower in resistant than in susceptible mice, the latter difference being controlled by a single host gene (Ity). Mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with nonreplicating temperature-sensitive (TS) salmonellae mutants: TS mutants from virulent parents survived better in the RES than those from attenuated or non-virulent parents as if the latter were more susceptible to bactericidal mechanisms. However, a TS mutant from a virulent parent (Salmonella typhimurium C5) did not consistently survive better in susceptible C5) did not consistently survive better in susceptible Itys than in resistant Ityr mice, suggesting that this gene may not operate by a bactericidal mechanism. In many animals the TS salmonellae caused septic arthritis which first appeared at 2--3 weeks. Subcutaneous inoculation in the tail caused local lesions and the organism spread to the RES, but did not cause arthritis in the short term. PMID- 7016747 TI - Allotype suppression of the responsiveness of adoptively transferred adult spleen cells induced by affinity prepared anti-allotype antibody. AB - In an adoptive transfer assay it has been shown that a form of allotype suppression can be induced in adult spleen cells. Use of SPF congenic mice, and either anti-allotype serum freed of IgM rheumatoid factor or affinity prepared antibody, has helped to eliminate the possibility of a role for non-specific factors in allotype suppression. Both memory-cell development and a conventional primary response are more susceptible to suppression than memory expression in a secondary response. Non-specific suppressive effects on isotypes other than that of the target allotype (CH) are present but are much smaller than for specific suppression. PMID- 7016748 TI - Chemotactic and enzyme-releasing activity of amphipathic proteins for neutrophils. A possible role for protease in chemotaxis on substratum-bound protein gradients. AB - The purified amphipathic proteins, alpha s 1-casein, beta-casein, and alkali denatured serum albumin were studied for chemotactic and enzyme-releasing effects on human neutrophil leucocytes. Evidence for chemotaxis both in fluid-phase gradients and on solid-phase gradients was obtained using visual assays. In fluid phase gradients, neutrophils showed good orientation to gradient sources of these proteins at concentrations of 10(-4) to 10(-5) M. Solid-phase gradients of casein and of denatured albumin were prepared on glass coverslips, and the locomotion of neutrophils attached to these coverslips was filmed by time-lapse cinematography. Displacement of neutrophils towards the highest concentration of substratum-bound protein was observed, suggesting that neutrophils can show true chemotaxis on a solid-phase gradient. All three proteins induced enzyme release from neutrophils in the absence of cytochalasin B. Lysozyme release was equivalent to that released by stimulation with formyl methionyl peptide in the presence of cytochalasin B, but the proteins stimulated a smaller release of beta glucuronidase than the peptide. The proteins stimulated release of neutrophil proteases which were able to digest both casein and denatured albumin extracellularly. It is suggested that this proteolytic activity may assist locomotion of neutrophils, especially on solid-phase protein gradients, by cleaving membrane-attached protein, thus both freeing cell-surface receptors and allowing the cell to detach itself from the substratum and continue movement. PMID- 7016749 TI - Effects of neonatal administration of gonadotropins-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) on the testis of mice. PMID- 7016751 TI - Soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) test in serodiagnosis of disseminated and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7016750 TI - Control of glycogen synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes by insulin, glucagon & acetylcholine. PMID- 7016753 TI - Sulpholipids of Nocardia species--a preliminary report. PMID- 7016752 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to group A streptococcal carbohydrate. PMID- 7016754 TI - Cell mediated injury of arterial endothelium in human renal allografts. PMID- 7016755 TI - Pattern of Shigella flexneri serotypes and drug-resistance in Dacca. PMID- 7016757 TI - Recent advances and perspectives relevant to the pathology of asbestos-related diseases in man. AB - It is apparent that progress is being made in the diagnosis of mesothelioma on the basis of morphological studies. It is also obvious that in almost every area uncertainties and deficiencies still exist. The significance of fibrous substances other than asbestos in the etiology of the various lesions is a field to be explored. The role of pulmonary fibrosis in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the lung in those exposed to asbestos remains ill-defined. Morphological study of mesothelioma variants and imitators must continue. The accumulation of further ultrastructural data is desirable. Attempts should be made to clarify certain ambiguities in histochemical features. Recently devised staining methods and chemical, immunochemical and immunological diagnostic techniques must be further tried to establish their reliability. The utility of mesothelioma diagnostic panels seems fairly widely accepted, but persistent efforts to reconcile observer variation and to reduce subjectivity are necessary. The pursuit of immunological testing has both theoretical and practical importance. A method for the detection of susceptible persons has long been sought. The value of electron microscopy in the investigation of fibres in relation to carcinogenesis is manifest. Data is accumulating regarding fibre quantity, type and dimensions in relation to the various related lesions. The predominant role of amphiboles in the formation of asbestos bodies appears to be established. Further studies of regional distribution of fibres with their types and sizes in the lung and pleura would seem essential. Whether this will alter the concepts of the significance of exposure as indicated by analysis of the parenchymal component alone is an important question. PMID- 7016758 TI - The activity of two types of asbestos in tissue culture. AB - The effects of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos samples on the plating efficiency of V79-4 cells has been studied. The interaction of cells with chrysotile is more rapid than that with crocidolite, and these interactions are affected differently by changes in experimental technique. It is concluded that the differences detailed are not related to the pathogenicity of those fibres. PMID- 7016756 TI - Nutritional anthropometry. PMID- 7016759 TI - Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cases of diarrhea among preschool children in Delhi. PMID- 7016760 TI - Colonisation factor antigen associated Escherichia coli in diarrhea of infants and children. PMID- 7016761 TI - [Nurses and the problem of prostitution]. PMID- 7016763 TI - Studies on the K antibody response in rabbits immunized with a pool of five different K antigen-containing Escherichia coli. AB - The Escherichia coli K antibody response in rabbits which were immunized with a mixture of E. coli O1K1H7, O6K2a2cH1, O4K12, O6K13H1 and O6K53, or with only one of these strains, was analyzed using indirect hemagglutination. Some K antigens gave generally high antibody response, while others did not. There were not statistically significant difference concerning K antibody response for each of the K antigens when the rabbits were immunized with one strain or a mixture of strains. The information is important for the composition of a future E. coli vaccine containing several K antigens. PMID- 7016762 TI - Skin tests in a primate model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - We have previously reported producing a primate model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in which monkey precipitating IgG and transfused human IgE antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) combined with aerosolized AF to produce an inflammatory response in the lung. In this study we attempt to demonstrate similar changes in the skin. Immunized and unimmunized monkeys with and without IgG precipitating antibody to AF were injected at multiple sites intradermally with normal human serum or human serum rich in IgE against AF. 1 day later each site was injected with AF. Serial skin biopsies were taken at intervals of 15 min, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and light microscopic, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic studies were performed. The most profound changes were associated with simian antibody (IgG) and human antibody (IgE) directed against AF and consisted or perivascular and interstitial neutrophilic infiltration at 2 h, eosinophils at 6 h, and mononuclear cells at 24 h. Immunofluorescent staining for fibrin-fibrinogen, IgM, and C3 was present and diapedesis of cells to extra-vascular dermal areas was evident. The skin appear to mirror the inflammatory changes seen in the lung in this primate model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and should afford a useful model for further studies. PMID- 7016764 TI - A method for the quantification of the decision-making process in a computer oriented medical world. AB - The aim of this paper is to suggest an original approach to the decision-making process in a computer-oriented medical record, now in use on an experimental basis, at a major District Hospital in Sesto S. Giovanni, near Milano, in a general medicine department. Two types of algorithms are introduced in order to 'capture' more effectively the different steps of the decisional process on the basis of a differential diagnosis approach. The first refers to the field of symbolic reasoning, close to the area of Artificial Intelligence and uses score variables, while the other can handle qualitative expressions since it follows the fuzzy-set approach. A comparison among the performances offered by such algorithms, the physician's decision and the Bayes Rule is then carried on. Further developments should clarify the problems of parameter sensitivity as regards the successive steps to the final diagnosis. The present implementation is suitable for individual hospital departments and educational purposes. PMID- 7016765 TI - Fitting a linear relationship with confidence intervals by correlation. AB - The study of the empirical linear relationship between two measured variables should use correlation analysis which treats the variables symmetrically, rather than linear regression which inappropriately assumes a dependent and an independent variable. An APL computer program calculates the best fitting bivariate Gaussian distribution and plots the data with the superimposed straight line relationship and the confidence interval. PMID- 7016767 TI - Science, philosophy, and society: some recent books. AB - The essay discusses a number of issues developed in several recent books on philosophical and ethical problems in the natural sciences, both pure (especially biology) and applied (especially medicine). The scaffolding of the discussion can be outlined as follows: Science is most coherently portrayed as a set of activities through which societies deal with a distinctive, but continually evolving set of interwoven practical, empirical, and conceptual problems. Consequently, approaches which attempt to delineate universal features of "scientific methods" or to depict the sciences as providing an approximation to an "objective" view of reality are much less enlightening than are analyses rooted directly in concrete scientific history and in the actual interplay of science with other social configurations. However, scientists are granted some meaningful autonomy in exercising their "curiosity" and there is a real sense in which scientific ideas and activities do possess momentum of their own. In other words, as is also true for other spheres, such as the arts, it is important not to fall into mechanical viewpoints which treat the movement of science as simply a derivative of forces generated elsewhere. PMID- 7016768 TI - The social origins of illness: a neglected history. AB - Although interest in the social origins of illness has grown recently, the sources of this concern in Marxist thought have received little attention. Friedrich Engels, Rudolf Virchow, and Salvador Allende made important early contributions to this field. Engels analyzed features of the workplace and environment that caused disability and early death for the British working class. Virchow's studies in "social medicine" and infectious diseases called for social change as a solution to medical problems. Allende traced poor health to class oppression, economic underdevelopment, and imperialism. These analysts provided divergent, though complementary, views of social etiology, multifactorial causation, the methodology of dialectic materialism, an activist role for medical scientists and practitioners, social epidemiology, health policy, and strategies of sociomedical change. The social origins of illness remain with us and reveal the scope of reconstruction needed for meaningful solutions. PMID- 7016769 TI - Dermatoses of pregnancy. PMID- 7016770 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7016771 TI - Ferdinand von Hebra 1816--1880: on the occasion of the centenary of his death. PMID- 7016772 TI - Laboratory tests to evaluate the immune system. PMID- 7016773 TI - The structure and function of spot desmosomes. PMID- 7016774 TI - Melanoma. Associated antigens in benign melanocytic disorders. AB - Three instances of depigmentation occurring in children with congenital large nevocytic nevi are reported. Serologic studies for tumour-associated antigens to melanoma were performed by indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation on these patients and others with benign melanocytic disorders. Positive reactivity in several children was observed. The small numbers studied and lack of uniformity of other testing methods leave open the question of relevance of such reactivity to malignant conversion or protection in congenital nevi. PMID- 7016775 TI - Bibliography of secondary sources on the history of dermatology. III. Books, monographs, and chapters in English supplemented through 1980. PMID- 7016777 TI - Epidemiology 101: III. A 19th century example. PMID- 7016776 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human red cells. II. Red cell genetic traits and resistance against malaria. AB - In 702 Nigerian children under 6 years of age the incidence and the severity of malarial infection was studied with respect to haemoglobin types and red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants. The results suggest that Hb AS as well as the female genotype GdA-/GdB offer selective advantage against the disease. Parasite densities in carriers of these genotypes were significantly lower than in other subjects. Whereas protection by Hb AS was found mainly in children between 2 and 4 years of age, the advantage afforded by GdA-/GdB was similar in all age groups. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7016779 TI - The renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone in hypertension: a brief review of some aspects. AB - The biochemistry of the renin-angiotensin system has been outlined. The relationship between plasma angiotension II levels, basal or raised as a result of infusion, and blood pressure and aldosterone has been explored in normal human subjects and animals, showing how these relationships can be modified by changes in sodium status and duration of exposure to high circulating levels of the octapeptide. Finally, the relationship has been examined in different categories of hypertensive disease, such as essential hypertension. PMID- 7016778 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human red cells. I. A genetic and clinical study in children. AB - In a holoendemic malaria region of Nigeria children of both sexes aged from 9 months to 6 years with an acute febrile illness were examined for malaria. In 461 children with malaria, predominantly P. falciparum, and in 241 children without malaria, haemoglobin levels, haemoglobin types, red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants and parasite densities were recorded. The G6PD status was determined by a combination of spectrophotometric enzyme quantitation, electrophoresis and the cytochemical methaemoglobin elution technique. Malaria morbidity and parasitaemia decreased with increasing age. Frequencies of haemoglobin types and G6PD variants were not significantly different in the malaria and the non-malaria series. Haemoglobin values were significantly lower in children with malaria to about the same extent in HbAA and HbAS subjects, but no close correlation existed between haemoglobin level and parasite density. Details of the G6PD classification and the effect of malaria on enzyme activity are discussed. PMID- 7016780 TI - The role of prostaglandins in essential hypertension. PMID- 7016781 TI - Do carbohydrates promote hypertension? AB - Several earlier studies indicate an association between plasma insulin level and blood pressure independent of weight. A short review summarizes evidences showing: (a) the association between a high carbohydrate content of diet and hyperinsulinemia; (b) effect of insulin on renal reabsorbation of sodium; and (c) effects of carbohydrate intake on sympathetic activity and blood pressure. A pilot study examined the effect of a glycoside-hydrolase inhibitor (BAY g 5421) on blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin and 100 g peroral sucrose test in six obese middle-aged men with borderline hypertension. The protocol included three periods of four weeks each. During the second and third period placebo and BAY g 5421 (100 mg three times per day) were given in a randomized, double-blind fashion. At the end of each period blood pressure was recorded during 30 minutes of rest in a supine position. The subjects also orally received 100 g sucrose as a 50 per cent solution dissolved in water. BAY g 5421 caused a significant decrease of plasma insulin after a 100 g sucrose tolerance test as compared to placebo. Blood pressure after four weeks of treatment with placebo was 135 +/- 5.7 systolic and 92 +/- 6.6 diastolic (mmHg, mean +/-s.d.) and after four weeks of treatment with BAY g 5421 was not significantly different. There was no change in weight. The question whether carbohydrates promote hypertension has to be further investigated. PMID- 7016782 TI - The role of exercise in the treatment of hypertension in obesity. PMID- 7016783 TI - Behavioral approaches to the treatment of essential hypertension. AB - The experimental literature documenting the effectiveness of relaxation training and related approaches, and the behavioral treatment of overweight, in the management of essential hypertension is briefly reviewed. In both cases the immediate outcome in terms of blood pressure lowering and the persistence of effects of therapy over time favor the use of these methods as adjuncts to the treatment of essential hypertension. Preliminary data from recent experimental work concerning the the psychological mechanisms involved in relaxation therapy and evidence for generalization of the effects to the work environment are also presented. PMID- 7016784 TI - Obesity and hypertension: conclusions and recommendations. PMID- 7016785 TI - Salt sensitivity in experimental animals and man. AB - Interest has intensified in the possible role of dietary sodium in the etiology of hypertension and its management. A summary is provided of the evidence relating salt intake to hypertension from three sources: epidemiology of hypertension among societies, observations that management of hypertension is easier at lower intakes of NaCl, and observations that relate blood pressure to urinary output of sodium. The doubts raised about such a relationship are also summarized. Part of the confusion surrounding the relationship between sodium intake (or output) and blood pressure between individuals results from the interplay of other determinents: genetics (family history), weight, body mass index and Na/K ratio. These are discussed and research issues are outlined. The public policy implications of the current information and means for lowering of dietary sodium intake are discussed. PMID- 7016786 TI - Intestinal glucose and sodium transport and its relation to hypertension. AB - Final carbohydrate digestion by brush disaccharidases is closely linked to the transport of the resulting monosaccharides. A bifunctional carrier operates within the brush-border membrane of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells translocating glucologues and sodium due to a down-hill Na+ -gradient. Inhibition of final carbohydrate digestion by an inhibitor of a-glucoside-hydrolase activity results in reduction of glucose absorption from sucrose and even more marked inhibition of Na+ and water absorption. Modulation of the kinetic of carbohydrate absorption may be important in the control of post-prandial hyperglycemia of the diabetic, but no evidence exists that retardation of Na+ -absorption may be of importance in the hypertensive patient. PMID- 7016787 TI - Central mechanisms in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. AB - Central structures involved in the regulation of the circulation include the limbic system, the hypothalamus, the ponto-medullary reticular formation, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve, the nucleus ambiguous and the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord. This system is organized to produce not single variables but integrated patterns of response. It is an intriguing fact that most of the above structures are densely innervated by central noradrenaline-containing neurones. Destruction of these neurones by intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine prevents the development of various types of experimental hypertension, but has no curative effect on established hypertension. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, a supersensitivity of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus to induce pressor responses appears to be governed by central noradrenaline neurones and seems to be involved in the development of this type of genetic hypertension. PMID- 7016788 TI - Pressor factors and cardiovascular pressor reponsiveness in essential hypertension. AB - The sympathetic system, the body sodium-fluid volume state, the reninangiotensin system, functional and structural characteristics of the heart and blood vessels, and some other components are important complementary factors in blood pressure regulation. A deviation from the normal equilibrium among these components, with a persisting non-physiologic increase in pressor factor(s) or in the basal vascular tone and/or cardiovascular reactivity to pressor factors, leads to hypertension. This review discusses recent observations and concepts regarding the roles of various pressor factors as well as cardiovascular pressor responsiveness in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and in the anti hypertensive mechanism of diuretic treatment. PMID- 7016790 TI - Insulin and renal sodium handling: clinical implications. AB - Over the last ten years a large body of information has accumulated which indicates that physiologic changes in the plasma insulin concentration are capable of affecting electrolyte transport by the kidney as well as by variety of other tissues. In the present discussion the effect of insulin on the renal handling of sodium, potassium, phosphate, and calcium is reviewed, with an emphasis on sodium transport (Table 1). An attempt is made to relate the effects of insulin on sodium metabolism to four common clinical situations: (a) hypertension and obesity, (b) sodium wasting in diabetes mellitus, (c) natriuresis of starvation, and (d) sodium retention and edema following refeeding. PMID- 7016789 TI - Mechanisms of hypertension in the syndromes of obesity. AB - Evidence is reviewed bearing on the question whether the metabolic derangements associated with some common subtypes of obesity may not be a major contributing cause of the associated hypertension. These derangements include hyperinsulinemia and disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, increased sympathetic nervous activity, and increased activity of thyroid hormones, each of which may enhance renal sodium reabsorption. Recent current clinical trials of pharmacologic and non pharmacologic management of the overweight hypertensive patient are reviewed with reference to these metabolic derangements. PMID- 7016791 TI - Cerenkov light and the production of photoreactivatable damage in X-irradiated E. coli. PMID- 7016792 TI - Photoreactivation of Escherichia coli after exposure to ionizing radiation: the role of U.V. damage by concomitant Cerenkov light. PMID- 7016793 TI - The use of physiological techniques for monitoring of progress during rehabilitation following fractures of the lower limb. PMID- 7016794 TI - Toward reconciling the esthetic potential of ceramo-metal restorations with established criteria for soft tissue management. PMID- 7016795 TI - Periodontal postulates for the prosthodontist. PMID- 7016796 TI - Facilitating deinstitutionalization: a comparative analysis. AB - The purpose of the paper is to highlight issues related to deinstitutionalization and community care of the mentally ill by using a comparative approach. Through a comparison of the trends in the U.S.A. and Israel, an attempt is made to account for factors which promoted deinstitutionalization. The paper focuses on specific policies and programs which were crucial in reducing the rate of resident population in mental institutions and facilitating the development of community care for the mentally ill in the U.S. It points out the environmental conditions, social, political, legal and organizational, which may be conducive to legislative and administrative actions in order to facilitate deinstitutionalization. PMID- 7016797 TI - Morphology of intrarenal arteries in transplants and in diseased kidneys of patients treated by long-term dialysis. AB - Intimal fibrosis of intrarenal arteries is rarely found in diseased kidneys of patients not treated by dialysis, but it is common and intensive in cases subjected to this therapy as well as in renal transplants. In this paper the incidence rate and morphology of this lesion are presented in 10 renal grafts and 13 kidneys of patients treated by chronic dialyses. The factors influencing the appearance of intimal fibrosis are discussed. PMID- 7016798 TI - Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in acute renal failure. PMID- 7016799 TI - Gamma-camera scintigraphy in the diagnosis of graft ureter obstruction after renal allograft transplantation. AB - Gamma-camera scintigraphy studies in five patients with graft ureter obstruction are presented. The isotope used was 131I-hippuranR. The diagnosis was suspected when an accumulation of activity in the pelvic region was seen, and it was in all five patients confirmed at surgery or intravenous urography. PMID- 7016800 TI - Neurotropic drugs as co-medication to psychotropics. Combined administration of a neurotropic drug and a tetracyclic antidepressant. AB - Interactions of EMD 21 657 - a neurotropic drug - and maprotiline were studied in 40 depressive outpatients. Patients were assigned at random to an experimental or a control group. 20 patients of the experimental group received EMD 21 657 (3 X 400 mg/day p.o.) in addition to maprotiline (75 mg/day p.o.) during an initial treatment of 10 days. 20 patients of the control group were treated during this period with maprotiline of the same dosage but did not received EMD 21 657 as co medication. During the 10-day period of treatment and observation, subjective information on the first day of improvement of depressive symptoms and severity of side effects were recorded. Under supplementary treatment with EMD 21 657 the onset of antidepressant action occurred sooner than in the control group receiving maprotiline alone. The earlier improvement in the experimental group was statistically significant in the target symptom 'obsessive rumination' (p less than 0.01). Undesirable effects of maprotiline treatment were seldom observed or were mild in terms of severity. A decrease in the rate of side effects in the experimental group could not be shown statistically. PMID- 7016801 TI - Amoxapine: a review of literature. AB - Amoxapine, a new antidepressant, is a tricyclic debenzoxazepine compound, the demethylated metabolite of the neuroleptic loxapine. In animal pharmacological studies, amoxapine has shown striking similarities to imipramine. In contrast to the prototype antidepressant drug, however, amoxapine does not interact with serotonin. In 10 uncontrolled clinical trials amoxapine was shown to have antidepressant effects in the dosage range of 100-300 mg/day. This was verified in 10 published standard, and placebo and standard controlled clinical studies in which amoxapine was superior to placebo and equal in overall therapeutic efficacy to imipramine and amitriptyline. Side effects were similar to the reference drugs. PMID- 7016802 TI - Viloxazine in the treatment of depressive neurosis: a placebo and standard (imipramine) controlled clinical study. AB - In a 4-week double-blind trial, 33 patients with depressive neurosis were randomly assigned to either viloxazine, imipramine or placebo. Statistically significant improvement was observed in all treatment groups. Imipramine exhibited significant improvement earlier in depressive symptoms, while viloxazine showed significant improvement earlier in anxious symptoms. The same frequency of treatment emergent symptoms occurred in the treatment groups. Premature termination as a consequence of adverse reactions was required in only 1 viloxazine and 1 placebo patient. PMID- 7016803 TI - The diptera as a model system in cell and molecular biology. PMID- 7016804 TI - Comment on the use of laser Doppler techniques in cell electrophoresis: reply to Pretlow and Pretlow's review. PMID- 7016805 TI - Detection of specific collagen types in normal and keratoconus corneas. AB - Keratoconus is a corneal disease of unknown cause that involves a progressive thinning and scarring of the corneal connective tissue. We examined normal human and keratoconus corneas, including one healed penetrating keratoplasty specimen. Organ cell cultures of normal and keratoconus corneal specimens were labeled with radioactive proline and analyzed by CM-cellulose chromatography and slab gel electrophoresis to determine collagen biosynthesis. Collagen types I and III were synthesized in similar amounts by normal and keratoconus stromacytes in culture. Specifically purified antibodies were used to determine the distribution of collagen types in tissue sections by immunofluorescence. The distribution of collagen types I, III, and IV in keratoconus was also similar to that in normal corneas, except that scarred regions in keratoconus and at the host-graft juncture were largely type III. Immunofluorescent reaction of the anti-type IV collagen antibodies with Bowman's layer, in particular, and Descemet's membrane in keratoconus specimens indicated extensive destruction. Basement membrane destruction may play an important role in this disease. PMID- 7016806 TI - Proteolytic action of aspergillus niger extract on influenza virus. PMID- 7016807 TI - Biographical sketches no. 5--Pasteur. PMID- 7016808 TI - Review: nutritional effects of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7016810 TI - Use of a computerized data base in a headache clinic. PMID- 7016809 TI - A double-blind study of zomepirac sodium and placebo in the treatment of muscle contraction headache. PMID- 7016811 TI - Are traditional information systems adequate for policy makers? PMID- 7016812 TI - Strategic planning for hospitals under regulation. PMID- 7016813 TI - [The Elba triad: harara, light dermatoses, leishmaniasis. The ecological background]. AB - A report is given on a travel to Elba, the largest island of the Tuscany archepelago (Italy) and a holiday place preferred by German speaking tourists. In the last years some cases of visceral leishmaniasis and oriental sores, respectively, were introduced to Germany from this island. The geoecological background of this development was investigated. Reproduction and spread of the most abundant sandfly species Phlebotomus (Laroussius) perniciosus favour ruinous buildings, actually used as animal shelters sometimes in the immediate vicinity of new tourist bungalows. A typical allergic response upon sandfly bites occurs in almost all of the newcomers. This skin irritation is wellknown as urticaria multiformis endemica of Harara. Local people and tourists connect this itching disorder with certain types of sun trauma and do not take notice of their real etiology. Cortisone treatment in severe cases may facilitate the start of simultaneously transmitted leishmaniasis. The possible epidemiological role, which the dog travelling to southern countries in connection with leishmaniasis plays, is considered. PMID- 7016814 TI - [Disseminated cicatricial pemphigoid]. AB - 1. A case of the very rare "disseminated cicatricial pemphigoid" is presented in a 68-year-old man. Clinically, prurigo-like nodules and keloidiform plaques, tense blisters and tight atrophic scars were disseminated in the occipital region, on the trunk and on the extremities. The mucous membranes were never affected. 2. Histologically, subepidermal blisters were found. The blister roof contained the complete, intact epidermis; in the floor of the blisters, fibroplasia, angioplasia, and a scarce inflammatory infiltrate containing some eosinophils were present. 3. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear precipitates of IgM and C3 in the basement membrane. Circulating antibodies have not been found. 4. Semithin sections and electron microscopy showed subepidermal microvesicles and fibrin deposits in initial lesion, followed by edema and blister formation within and below the fibrin deposits. 5. Among several trials of treatment, only azathioprine (Imurek) seemed effective. PMID- 7016815 TI - The Clinical Training of Doctors. An essay of 1793 by Philippe Pinel, edited and translated, with an introductory essay, by Dora B. Weiner. PMID- 7016816 TI - The Clinical Training of Doctors. An essay of 1793 by Philippe Pinel. Introductory essay. PMID- 7016817 TI - Amyloid P-component (protein AP) in localized amyloidosis as revealed by an immunocytochemical method. PMID- 7016818 TI - Immunization practices and controversies 1981: part 2--childhood immunization guidelines beyond the "big seven" vaccines. PMID- 7016819 TI - A randomized trial for evaluation of bandaging sole abscesses in cattle. AB - A randomized clinical trial of treatment of sole abscess in cattle was conducted to determine whether bandaging a foot after debridement of an abscess improved outcome. Sixty-six feet from 63 cows were randomly allocated to bandaged or unbandaged groups, and clinical recovery was graded by comparison of lameness at initial examination and at 2 follow-up examinations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups at entry into the trial or at 1 month after treatment. Unbandaged feet were significantly less lame 1 week after treatment, and this difference was attributed to rapid healing of small lesions in feet of cows in stanchion and tie-stall barns. There was no group in which bandaging improved outcome. PMID- 7016821 TI - Effects of breed and zeranol implantation on serum insulin, somatomedin-like activity and fibroblast proliferative activity. AB - Twenty-eight Suffolk-sired (Sx) and 28 Finnsheep-sired (Fx) lambs were implanted with either 0 or 12 mg zeranol. Zeranol significantly increased average daily gain over that of controls. Serum taken at biweekly intervals for 6 weeks was assayed for insulin, somatomedin-like activity (Sm) and fibroblast proliferative activity (FPA). Insulin appeared to increase with time, but there were no consistent time changes for FPA or Sm. Serum insulin concentration was higher (P less than .05) in implanted lambs than in controls (33.4 vs 25.6 microU/ml). Unlike insulin, serum Sm and FPA were not affected by zeranol implantation, and, thus, these serum factors appeared not to be involved in zeranol-stimulated growth. Sm was higher in the faster growing Sx lambs than in the slower growing Fx lambs. Thus, serum Sm activity may be involved in normal regulation of growth. PMID- 7016820 TI - Infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle: a review. PMID- 7016822 TI - Effect of fasting on hormones and metabolites in plasma of fast-growing, lean and slow-growing obese pigs. AB - Plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin and growth hormone (GH) were determined immediately after food removal and then hourly for 24 hours. Blood was sampled from six lean and six obese pigs at 10 weeks of age via indwelling catheters. Plasma glucose decreased but was similar in both pig strains shortly after feed removal; at the end of the 24-hr fast, plasma glucose was higher (P less than .01) in lean pigs. Plasma FFA concentrations were similar in lean and obese pigs and increased five-fold within 24 hr of fasting. Plasma insulin was higher (P less than .05) in obese pigs than in lean pigs immediately after food removal only (21.4 +/- 3.0 vs 9.8 +/- 2.4 microU/ml). Pattern of GH secretion over 24 hr was episodic; average plasma GH was lower in obese pigs than in lean pigs (2.8 +/- .7 vs 9.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml). In summary, FFA mobilization was similar in lean and obese pigs, GH concentrations were lower in plasma of obese pigs and relative differences in plasma glucose and insulin between pig strains were influenced by time after feed removal. PMID- 7016823 TI - Factors affecting function of induced corpora lutea in postpartum anestrous ewes. PMID- 7016824 TI - A priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on bovine pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 7016825 TI - Comparison of modified A-1 method with standard EC test for recovery of fecal coliform bacteria for shellfish. AB - This study is one of a series in which variations of the A-1 method for the detection and enumeration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in seawater and foods were evaluated. The tests were conducted jointly by the Food and Drug Administration and state and provincial laboratories that support shellfish control programs in the United States and Canada as part of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program's Microbiology Task Force activities. Results showed significantly higher recovery of fecal coliforms from naturally contaminated shellfish by the AOAC official A-1-M method than by the American Public Health Association standard method. There was no significant difference in recovery of E. coli by the 2 methods. PMID- 7016826 TI - Automatic incubator for use with modified A-1 test for enumerating fecal coliform bacteria in shellfish growing waters. AB - An automatic water bath incubator which can be constructed from easily obtainable materials is described. This incubator provides temperatures necessary for both the 35 +/- 0.5 degrees C resuscitation period and the 44.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C final incubation period as required in the AOAC method for enumerating fecal coliforms by the modified A-1 test. Statistical analysis of experimental data indicated no significant differences (P greater than 0.50) in fecal coliform counts obtained by using the automatic incubator and the AOAC incubation method. PMID- 7016827 TI - Assimilatory sulfate reduction in Escherichia coli: identification of the alternate cofactor for adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase as glutaredoxin. AB - The alternate cofactor (7004 cofactor) for Escherichia coli adenosine 3' phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase originally discovered in an E. coli mutant (tsnC 7004) lacking thioredoxin activity has now been purified and characterized. The tryptic peptide map of the 7004 cofactor is totally different from that of thioredoxin, indicating that the two proteins are unrelated in their primary structure. The 7004 cofactor has an amino acid composition different from that of thioredoxin but similar to that of glutaredoxin, a protein required for the glutathione-dependent deoxyribonucleotide formation by ribonucleotide reductase. Thus, the 7004 cofactor could not be a mutated form of thioredoxin, as was suspected earlier. Thioredoxin but not glutaredoxin is a substrate for thioredoxin reductase, but both thioredoxin and glutaredoxin can catalyze the dithiothreitol- or glutathione-dependent reduction of PAPS. On a molar basis, the dithiothreitol-coupled cofactor activity of thioredoxin is three- to fourfold higher that that of glutaredoxin. Comparison of the cofactor activities in the glutathione-coupled and the dithiothreitol-coupled PAPS reductase reaction shows that the cofactor activity of thioredoxin in the glutathione-coupled reaction is only 23% of that observed in the dithiothreitol-coupled reaction. However, in the case of glutaredoxin, cofactor activities are approximately the same in both the dithiothreitol- and glutathione-coupled reactions. PMID- 7016828 TI - Failure of Escherichia coli to alter its fatty acid composition in response to cholesterol-induced changes in membrane fluidity. AB - Substantial amounts of exogenously supplied cholesterol were incorporated into the membranes of Escherichia coli during growth and caused a large decrease in membrane fluidity. Although no compensatory changes in fatty acid composition were observed, the incorporation of cholesterol did not affect the rate of growth of E. coli or interfere with the changes in fatty acid composition which normally occur during growth at different temperatures. PMID- 7016829 TI - Transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii with plasmids RP4 (IncP-1 group) and RSF1010 (IncQ group). AB - Multicopy plasmid RSF1010 and four of its in vitro-constructed derivatives were mobilized by the self-transmissible RP4 plasmid into Azotobacter vinelandii UW. Modifications of the Escherichia coli transformation procedure of Cohen et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69:2110-2114, 1972) allowed transformation of A. vinelandii strains UW and ATCC 12837 with purified RP4 or RSF1010 deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7016830 TI - Functions in outer and inner membranes of Escherichia coli for ferrichrome transport. AB - Mutants of the fhuA gene of Escherichia coli K-12, which encodes a receptor protein in the outer membrane, took up ferrichrome after exposure to pronase, whereas fhuB mutants remained transport negative. The latter finding supports our previous proposal that fhuB mutants are defective in a function that residues in the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells remained completely viable after treatment with pronase, although they became sensitive to the antibiotic actinomycin. PMID- 7016831 TI - Isolation and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli mutants defective in propionate metabolism. AB - Escherichia coli mutants defective in propionate metabolism (Prp-) were isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Prp- mutants demonstrate a phenotypic inability to grow on odd-chain-length fatty acids. The new genetic locus for the Prp- phenotype maps at approximately 98 min on the E. coli chromosome. PMID- 7016832 TI - Parasexual genetic analysis of Candida albicans by spheroplast fusion. AB - Doubly auxotrophic strains of Candida albicans were selected from mutagenized cultures. Spheroplasts prepared from the auxotrophic strains were fused with polyethylene glycol. Prototrophic derivatives formed by this fusion protocol from auxotrophic strains were selected by complementation on minimal medium. These prototrophs had a cell volume twice that of the original strain and were shown to be heterozygous at four loci. Prototrophs obtained by this procedure infrequently gave rise to auxotrophic recombinants whose cell volume remained twice that of the original strain. It is suggested that these auxotrophic recombinants arise from mitotic crossing-over. This paper is the first report of a parasexual cycle in C. albicans. PMID- 7016833 TI - Effect of growth rate and nutrient limitation on the transformability of Escherichia coli with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The observed transformation frequency by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli grown in continuous culture was found to depend on both the steady-state growth rate and the type of nutrient used to limit growth. With carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus limitation, the faster the growth rate, the higher the transformation frequency. The increase in transformation frequency associated with higher rates was shown to be due to more transformable cells in the population rather than an increased efficiency of deoxyribonucleic acid uptake. Growth rate had relatively little effect on the transformability of cells from sulfate- and Mg2+-limited chemostats, indicating that some factor other than the growth rate must influence the frequency of transformation. Regardless of the nutrient limitation or the growth rate, no transformants were obtained in the absence of CaCl2. PMID- 7016834 TI - Expression of the Serratia marcescens lipoproteins gene in Escherichia coli. AB - The lipoprotein gene (lpp) of Serratia marcescens was cloned in a lambda phage vector (K. Nakamura and M. Inouye, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 1369-1373, 1980). This lpp gene was recloned in plasmid vectors pBR322 and pSC101. When a lipoprotein-deficient (lpp) mutant of Escherichia coli was transformed with pBR322 carrying the S. marcescens lpp gene, cells became nonleaky for ribonuclease, resistant to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and sensitive to globomycin. The lipoprotein was found exclusively in the outer membrane fraction. These results indicate that the S. marcescens lipoprotein was normally secreted across the cytoplasmic membrane, modified, and assembled in the E. coli outer membrane. The amount of the free-form lipoprotein produced in this system was three times higher than that produced in lpp + C. coli cells, whereas there was no difference in the amount of the bound-form lipoprotein. On the other hand, lpp E. coli cells which harbored pSC101 carrying the S. marcescens lpp gene produced only one-third of the free-form lipoprotein produced in lpp E. coli cells which harbored pSC101 carrying the E. coli lpp gene. One of the major factors causing this difference in efficiency of gene expression between the lpp genes of S. marcescens and E. coli appears to be a deletion mutation at the transcription termination region found in the cloned S. marcescens lpp gene. The functional half-life of the S. marcescens lpp messenger ribonucleic acid in E. coli was found to be found half that of the E. coli lpp messenger ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7016835 TI - Genetics of L-proline utilization in Escherichia coli. AB - L-Azetidine-2-carboxylate (AC) and 3,4-dehydro-D,L-proline (DHP) are toxic L proline analogs that can be used to select bacterial mutants defective for L proline transport. Mutants resistant to AC and DHP are defective for proline transport alone (putP mutants), and mutants resistant to AC but not to DHP are defective both in putP and in the closely linked proline dehydrogenase gene putA. Proline dehydrogenase oxidizes DHP but not AC, probably detoxifying the former compound. These observations were exploited in preparing an otherwise isogenic set of Escherichia coli K-12 strains with well-defined defects in the putP and putA genes. The results of this study suggest that the genetic and biochemical characteristics of proline utilization in E. coli K-12 are closely analogous to those of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7016836 TI - Genetic and biochemical requirements for chemotaxis to L-proline in Escherichia coli. AB - Chemotaxis to L-proline was examined by the capillary assay, using a set of Escherichia coli strains bearing well-defined defects in the enzymes of proline transport and utilization. Aspartate taxis was measured as a constitutive, control activity whose receptor and transducer requirements are known. Proline chemotaxis showed a pattern of induction more analogous to that of proline dehydrogenase than of that of proline transport, but chemotaxis to proline was eliminated by mutations eliminating either or both of these activities. No response to proline was observed in the absence of a proline concentration gradient or when succinate was provided as an oxidizable carbon source. These data suggest that the chemotactic response to proline results from a direct impact of proline oxidation on the energy metabolism of the cell. PMID- 7016837 TI - Genetic mapping of a mutation conferring sensitivity to bacteriophage Mu in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. AB - Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, SA1475 and MA411, were fortuitously found to be sensitive to bacteriophage Mu. The Mu-sensitivity allele of SA1475 was called musA1 and shown to be linked to the histidine operon both in conjugation and transduction experiments. The Mus allele of MA411 was unlinked to the his region and was tentatively designated musB2. Strains carrying large deletions of the his operon were also tested for Mu sensitivity; those of which the his-rib region is deleted were also sensitive to Mu. Transduction data led to the order zee-2 hisOGDCBAHFIE gnd musA. An Hfr injecting the his operon early (HfrK9) an carrying hisG9424::Tn10 delta 4 delta 11 and musA1 was isolated; this Hfr made it possible to introduce the Mus character into most derivatives of S. typhimurium LT2. Since strain SA1475 is resistant to bacteriophage P1, it could be used to select a new P1-Mu hybrid which has the host range of Mu and the transduction properties of P1. PMID- 7016838 TI - Inducible plasmid-determined resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimony (III) in escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Plasmids in both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contain an "operon" that confers resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimony(III) salts. The systems were always inducible. All three salts, arsenate, arsenite, and antimony(III), were inducers. Mutants and a cloned deoxyribonucleic acid fragment from plasmid pI258 in S. aureus have lost arsenate resistance but retained resistances to arsenite and antimony, demonstrating that separate genes are involved. Arsenate-resistant arsenite-sensitive S. aureus plasmid mutants were also isolated. In E. coli, plasmid-determined arsenate resistance and reduced uptake were additive to that found with chromosomal arsenate resistance mutants. Arsenate resistance was due to reduced uptake of arsenate by the induced plasmid containing cells. Under conditions of high arsenate, when some uptake could be demonstrated with the induced resistant cells, the arsenate was rapidly lost by the cells in the absence of extracellular phosphate. Sensitive cells retained arsenate under these conditions. When phosphate was added, phosphate-arsenate exchange occurred. High phosphate in the growth medium protected cells from arsenate, but not from arsenite or antimony(III) toxicity. We do not know the mechanisms of arsenite or antimony resistance. However, arsenite was not oxidized to less toxic arsenate. Since cell-free medium "conditioned" by prior growth to induced resistant cells with toxic levels of arsenite or antimony(III) retained the ability to inhibit the growth of sensitive cells, the mechanism of arsenite and antimony resistance does not involve conversion of AsO2- or SbO+ to less toxic forms or binding by soluble thiols excreted by resistant cells. PMID- 7016839 TI - Localization of phoE, the structural gene for outer membrane protein e in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - To localize the structural gene for outer membrane protein e, mutants resistant to the protein e-specific phage TC45 were isolated and characterized. Three classes of TC45-resistant strains were found: (i) mutants in phoB, a regulatory gene for protein e, (ii) mutants with an altered lipopolysaccharide, and (iii) mutants unaltered in the regulation of the pho regulon and producing an apparently normal lipopolysaccharide. Mutations in the latter class of mutants are probably altered in the structural gene for protein e and are cotransducible with proA,B at min 6 on the chromosomal map. As class (iii) includes mutants with an electrophoretically altered protein e, in both an nmpA and an nmpB background, we conclude that the structural gene for protein e, designated as phoE, is localized at min 6 on the chromosomal map, the gene order being phoE proA argF. PMID- 7016840 TI - Temperature-sensitive, colicin M-tolerant mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A mutant sensitive to colicin M at 30 degrees C and tolerant at 42 degrees C to high concentrations of colicin M was isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. A temperature shift from 30 to 42 degrees C rescued all cells up to the time they started to lyse at 30 degrees C (25 min after addition of colicin M). The growth rate at 42 degrees C remained unaffected by colicin M. AT 42 degrees C the cell bound colicin M was inactivated by trypsin, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and antiserum against colicin M. Ferrichrome competed with colicin M at 42 degrees C only during the initial adsorption to the common receptor protein in the outer membrane. Since cells lysed earlier at 30 degrees C when they had been preincubated with colicin M at 42 degrees C, we conclude that the process leading finally to cell lysis is initiated at 42 degrees C and stops at a later stage of colicin M trypsin, dodecyl sulfate, and antiserum when cells were transferred from 30 to 42 degrees C, we assume that colicin M is translocated from its target site towards the cell surface. The mutation conferring tolerance was mapped close to the rpsL gene. PMID- 7016841 TI - Intergeneric transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid killer plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, from Kluyveromyces lactis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae by cell fusion. AB - Two novel linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. K. lactis strains harboring the pGK1 plasmids killed a certain group of yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces rouxii, K. lactis, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Kluyvermyces vanudenii, Torulopsis glabrata, Candida utilis, and Candida intermedia. In this experiment, the pGKl1 and pGKl2 plasmids were intergenerically transferred from a K. lactis killer strain into a non-killer (killer-sensitive) strain of S. cerevisiae by the use of a protoplast fusion technique. Both of the pGKl plasmids replicated autonomously and stably in the new host cells of S. cerevisiae and could coexist with the resident 2-micrometers deoxyribonucleic acid plasmid. The S. cerevisiae cells which accepted the pGKl plasmids expressed the same killer phenotype as that of the donor K. lactis killer and became resistant to the K. lactis killer. The pGKl plasmids existing in the S. cerevisiae cells were cured by treatment with ethidium bromide, and the killer and resistance characters were simultaneously lost. From there results, it was concluded that both the killer and the resistance genes are located on the pGKl plasmids. PMID- 7016842 TI - Metabolism of L-fucose and L-rhamnose in Escherichia coli: differences in induction of propanediol oxidoreductase. AB - Escherichia coli is capable of growing on L-fucose or L-rhamnose as a sole source of carbon and energy. When grown under anaerobic conditions on either sugar, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked L-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase activity is induced. The functioning of this enzyme results in the regeneration of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Conditions of induction of the enzyme activity were studied and were found to display different characteristics on each sugar. In the rhamnose-grown cells, the increase in enzyme activity detected under inducing conditions was accompanied by the synthesis of propanediol oxidoreductase, as measured by the appearance in the extracts of a protein that reacts with propanediol oxidoreductase antibodies. In contrast, in fucose-grown cells, the level of propanediol oxidoreductase as measured by enzyme antibody-reacting material was high under noninducing and inducing conditions. Thus, the increase in enzyme activity detected in going from noninducing to inducing conditions in fucose-grown cells did not depend on the appearance of the specific protein but on the activation of the propanediol oxidoreductase already present in the cells in an inactive form. The propanediol oxidoreductase of both homologous systems should consequently be regulated by different control mechanisms. PMID- 7016843 TI - Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of ribosomal protein and ribonucleic acid polymerase genes. AB - A partial restriction of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity has been used to dissociate the coordinate synthesis of ribosomal proteins and subunits of RNA polymerase and to identify transcriptional and post-transcriptional control signals which regulate the expression of these component genes. Within the beta operon [which has the genetic organization: promoter (p beta), rplJ (L10), r;lL (L7/L12), attenuator, rpoB (beta), rpoC (beta'), terminator], the restriction caused a disproportionate increase between proximal and distal gene transcriptions; the transcriptional intensities of the proximal ribosomal protein genes and the distal RNA polymerase genes were elevated about two- and fourfold, respectively. Transcription within the operon containing four ribosomal protein genes and the RNA polymerase alpha gene was also enhanced, whereas transcription within operons containing only ribosomal protein genes was virtually unaffected by the restriction. It was thus concluded that the mechanisms controlling transcription initiation or attenuation or both in operons containing RNA polymerase subunit genes are coupled to the global rate of RNA synthesis. By introducing the composite ColE1 plasmid pJC701 carrying the proximal portion of the L10 operon, including the beta subunit gene, it was possible to achieve a 10- and a 30-fold range in the transcriptional intensities of the genes specifying L10 and L7/L12 and beta, respectively. Under these conditions, the relative synthesis rates of L7/L12 and beta protein varied by less than 2-fold and by about 15-fold, respectively. These observations corroborate the existence of a post-transcriptional mechanism which severely restricts translation of excess L7/L12 and L10 ribosomal protein messenger RNA; this mechanism is probably important in maintaining the balanced synthesis of ribosome components under conditions in which their messenger RNA levels are dissociated. Furthermore, the observed reduction in the translation efficiency of beta subunit messenger RNA may be related to an inhibitory effect caused by accumulation of RNA polymerase assembly intermediates. PMID- 7016844 TI - Identification of the gene lon (capR) product as a 94-kilodalton polypeptide by cloning and deletion analysis. AB - A mutation in the lon (capR) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 effects several phenotypic alterations in the mutant cell, such as overproduction of capsular polysaccharide and sensitivity to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. A previously cloned 9.2-megadalton (Md) EcoRI fragment contained the capR+ gene and specified two polypeptides, 94 kilodaltons (K) and 67K. To provide evidence that the 94K polypeptide is the capR+ gene product, we constructed a capR+ plasmid pJMC40, having a 2.0-Md EcoRI-PstI fragment which codes only for the 94K polypeptide. Plasmids pJMC22 and pJMC30, having deletions of 0.7 and 0.8 Md, respectively, from one end of the 2.0-Md fragment, were also constructed. Each codes for a shortened stable polypeptide (from the 94K). Neither plasmid can confer the capR+ phenotype to capR mutants, confirming that the unaltered 94K polypeptide is the capR+ gene product. Plasmids pJMC51 and pJMC52 each have a deletion of 0.7 Md from the other end of the 2.0-Md fragment, differing only in the orientation of the remaining 1.3-Md fragment with respect to the cloning vehicle. They are nonfunctional with respect to capR+ and do not code for a common polypeptide from the 1.3-Md fragment. These data indicate that the fragments in pJMC22 and pJMC30, which both code for shortened 94K polypeptides, contain the promoter-operator region of the capR gene. The deletion plasmids were also used to map chromosomal capR mutations. PMID- 7016846 TI - Human growth hormone in psychiatric disorders. AB - The authors review some features of the neuroendocrine regulation and neuropharmacologic manipulation of human growth hormone and then discuss some of the data that suggest that this hormone system might be involved in various psychiatric disorders. While emphasis is put on alcoholism and the affective disorders, the effects of stress, psychosocial deprivation and malnutrition are briefly discussed, as well. The possibilities and limitations of the psychoendocrine approach to psychiatric illnesses as exemplified by the growth hormone system are emphasized. PMID- 7016845 TI - Relationship of Escherichia coli density to growth rate and cell age. AB - The cell densities of Escherichia coli strains B/rA, BrF, and K-12 (OV-2) were measured at several growth rates and found to be very near 1.105 g/ml in all cases. Ninety percent of the cells of any exponentially growing population banded at densities differing less than 0.75% from the mean. Synchronized populations of B/rA selected as newborn cells were found to keep their density constant for longer than one generation time. However, if selection was based on cell size, by sedimentation through a sucrose gradient, cell density was found to be almost 2% lower than that of newborn cells, but it reached normal values before the first division had taken place. These results meant that mass and volume during the lifetime of the bacterial cell followed parallel kinetics. It was unlikely that density could regulate any event of the lifetime of a cell; on the contrary, density seemed to be a physical parameter that was well controlled during the bacterial growth. PMID- 7016847 TI - Effect of amino acids on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in fat cells. AB - The effect of amino acids on insulin responsiveness in epididymal adipose tissue was examined. It was found that insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in fat cells was significantly inhibited by glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, and proline. The effect of insulin on glucose incorporation into triglyceride is also severely diminished by these amino acids. In addition, alanine reduced the incorporation of precursors ([U 14C]glucose or [1-14C]palmitate) into triglyceride both in vitro and in vivo. The Ki values of alanine were 0.4 and 0.5 mM toward the precursors of glucose and palmitate, respectively. The mechanism of reduction of insulin responsiveness in rat adipose tissue is discussed on the basis of these results. PMID- 7016848 TI - An in vitro study of the methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein of Escherichia coli. Construction of the system and effect of mutant proteins on the system. AB - An in vitro system for the methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP's), which have been shown to be membrane integral proteins, was constructed. The system, consisting of the membrane, the cytoplasm, and labeled S-adenosyl methionine, showed the following characteristics. 1. The methylation of MCP in the membrane required the cytoplasm. The rate of incorporation of the labeled methyl group into MCP was dependent on the amount of the cytoplasm. 2. Incorporation of the labeled methyl moiety into MCP reached a steady state, and the level of the steady state incorporation was dependent on the concentration of the cytoplasm when the concentration of the membrane protein was constant. 3. The methyl moiety which had been incorporated into MCP before the steady state could be exchanged. It was suggested that the amount of methyl group introduced into MCP was equal to that of taken from MCP. 4. The methylated MCP was demethylated faster in the presence of a methyl donor than in its absence. 5. The membranes obtained from cheX-, cheB-, and cheZ mutants were inactive in the present in vitro system even when they were mixed with the wild type cytoplasm. PMID- 7016849 TI - Saturated fatty acid-starved cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of cerulenin and oleic acid. AB - Cell growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 12341 inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis, was restored by oleic acid (18 : 1) to give saturated fatty acid-starved cells, which could not grow when again transferred into a fresh synthetic medium containing the antibiotic and oleic acid. The growth of the saturated fatty acid-starved cells was restored when they were transferred into a medium supplemented with myristic acid (14 : 0), pentadecanoic acid (15 : 0), and palmitic acid (16 : 0) in the presence of cerulenin and oleic acid. Cellular saturated fatty acid content in the growth restored cells was also restored to about two-thirds of that of the normal yeast cells. The DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthetic capabilities of the saturated fatty acid-starved cells were almost normal, but the L-leucine uptake and cytochrome pattern were severely impaired. These impairments were reversed on supplying palmitic acid. The decrease of L-leucine uptake of the yeasts was also caused by the addition of cerulenin alone. However, since the decrease occurred later than the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, it was considered to be a secondary effect. These results, obtained by using the saturated fatty acid-starved cells, indicate that the membranes of S. cerevisiae require certain amounts of saturated fatty acid and that the membrane functions (energy metabolism, transport, and so on) are impaired by starvation of saturated fatty acids. PMID- 7016850 TI - Cloning of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene of an extreme thermophile and partial purification of the gene product. AB - The gene of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, which codes for a leucine biosynthetic enzyme, 3-isopropylmalate (3-IPM) dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.85], was cloned in Escherichia coli using pBR322 as a vector. E. coli cells carrying this recombinant plasmid, pHB2, produced the thermophilic enzyme 7-fold more than did T. thermophilus HB8 cells. When the crude extract of the pHB2 carrying cells was treated at 70 degrees C for 10 min, approximately 75% of the protein in the extract was precipitated with full activity of the thermophilic 3 IPM dehydrogenase being left in the supernatant, indicating that 4-fold purification was achieved during this process. This shows that the thermophilic 3 IPM dehydrogenase was purified 28-fold by these two procedures, cloning and heat treatment, and demonstrates that the extract from the plasmid-harboring cells is a good starting material for purification of the enzyme. Following the heat treatment, 3-IPM dehydrogenase was further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme preparation thus obtained contained 3-IPM dehydrogenase as a major component with a few minor impurities as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the enzyme preparation from T. thermophilus HB8 cells obtained by the same procedures showed multiple bands on a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7016851 TI - 113Cd NMR in binary and ternary complexes of cadmium-substituted horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The 113Cd NMR has been observed for Cd(II)-substituted horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) and its complexes with coenzymes and several substrate analogs. Compared to free enzyme, the catalytic Cd(II) resonance is shielded by 41--41 ppm in both LADH-NADH and LADH-NAD+. In ternary complexes of LADH-NAD+ with either trifluoroethanol or pyrazole, this resonance narrows and is deshielded by 75 ppm. The LADH-NADH-butyramide complex gives only 3 ppm of deshielding relative to the LADH-NADH resonance. At pH = 10.3, the catalytic resonance of unbound LADH is broadened and slightly deshielded. No other resonances are dependent upon pH in the range 8--10. These data are the most consistent with a second sphere coordination of the substrate analogs to the catalytic metal ion. The observed difference between complexes of the alcohol analogs and the aldehyde analog would then be explained as the presence of a hydroxide versus a water molecule, respectively, in the first coordination sphere. The data also show that the pKa of the coordinated water on the Zn(II) in the native LADH is close to 9.2 as previously assumed, whereas the pKa of the Zn(II)-bound water in the LADH-NAD+ complex is most likely greater than 9 and not 7.6 as previously assumed. PMID- 7016852 TI - Insulin-ricin B chain conjugate. A hybrid molecule with ricin-binding activity and insulin biological activity. AB - The polypeptide hormone insulin and the binding portion of ricin toxin, the B chain, were linked via a disulfide bond. This insulin-ricin B chain conjugate bound to insulin receptors with a potency one-twentieth that of native insulin. Rat HTC hepatoma cells, a cultured cell line that has relatively few insulin receptors, bound the conjugate to a much greater degree than insulin. Binding occurred predominantly via the ricin B chain portion of the conjugate since binding was not inhibited by insulin but was inhibited by galactose, a known inhibitor of the interaction of ricin B chain to its receptor. In HTC cells, the insulin-ricin B chain conjugate at 330 nM stimulated amino acid uptake to 225% of controls, a value higher than that for insulin which stimulated uptake to only 167% of controls. The conjugate also stimulated tyrosine aminotransferase activity in HTC cells with a potency value approximately one-half that of insulin. Both of these activities of the insulin-ricin B chain conjugate in HTC cells were inhibited by 100 mM galactose (90% and 80%, respectively), whereas the ability of insulin to stimulate these activities was not inhibited significantly by this sugar. The results suggest, therefore, that one can construct hybrid molecules consisting of binding proteins and polypeptide hormones and that these hybrid molecules can have binding and biological activities which are different from the parent hormone molecule. PMID- 7016853 TI - Mechanism of catabolite inactivation of Escherichia coli biodegradative threonine dehydratase by glyoxylate. PMID- 7016854 TI - Proton translocation associated with nitrite respiration in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. AB - Proton translocation by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans cells, cultured anaerobically with nitrate as terminal oxidant, was studied by the oxidant-pulse method. Nitrate-grown D. desulfuricans translocated protons rapidly and reproducibly with hydrogen as reductant and nitrite as electron acceptor. H+/2e- ratios were typically in the range 1.8-2.2. Proton translocation following pulses of nitrite was also observed with endogenous substrate in freshly harvested cells and with lactate or formate as electron donors in starved cells. Problems in the determination of H+/2e- ratios when endogenous substrate, formate, or lactate was the electron donor are discussed. Evidence is presented for the location of formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and nitrite reductase on the periplasmic and for lactate dehydrogenase on the cytoplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7016856 TI - Kinetic studies on the interactions of Escherichia coli K12 elongation factor Tu with GDP and elongation factor Ts. AB - The kinetic parameters describing the dissociation of GDP from the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) . GDP complex in the absence and presence of elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) have been characterized using an equilibrium isotope exchange technique. The rate constant for dissociation of GDP from EF-tu was found to be 1.7 x 10(-3) s-1. Since this dissociation rate is greatly enhanced by EF-Ts, it follows that the dissociation of GDP in the presence of EF-Ts proceeds via the formation of a ternary EF-Tu . GDP . EF-Ts complex as represented below: EF-Tu . GDP + EF-Ts in equilibrium EF-Tu . GDP . EF-Ts in equilibrium EF-Tu . EF-Ts + GDP. Analysis of the exchange kinetics according to this reaction scheme yields a rate constant for the dissociation of GDP from the ternary complex of greater than or equal to 1270 s-1. The equilibrium association constants for GDP and EF Ts to form the ternary complex was found to be 6.4 x 10(4) M-1 and 1.8 x 10(5) M 1, respectively. These results demonstrate that the dissociation of GDP from EF Tu in the presence of EF-Ts is not the rate-limiting process in protein synthesis. PMID- 7016855 TI - Totally inactive renin zymogen and different forms of active renin in hog brain tissues. AB - The nature of the activable form of renin in the kidney and other tissues has not been clear. Its identification and isolation from kidney have been hampered by rapid activation due to high levels of proteases. Using a pepstatin-Sepharose column, which distinguishes inactive renin from the active enzyme, evidence was obtained for the presence of a totally inactive zymogenic precursor of renin in the pituitary, pineal, and other regions of hog brain. The precursor has an approximate molecular weight of 50,000 and conversion to the active enzyme causes reduction in molecular weight to 43,000. Conversion of this active enzyme to an active but high molecular weight form (60,000) was also observed when the pituitary extract was treated with thiol-blocking reagents. This result was interpreted to indicate the presence of a binding protein. This study has demonstrated that inactive renin zymogen is different from so-called active big renin, which is a complex of active renin and the binding protein. PMID- 7016857 TI - Boar acrosin. Association of an endogenous membrane proteinase with phospholipid membranes. AB - Acrosin, an enzyme required for fertilization, is an endogenous proteinase associated with membranes of the sperm acrosome. Liposomes were utilized as a model system to evaluate the mode of association between highly purified boar acrosin and phospholipid bilayer membranes. Acrosin was observed to bind to liposomes containing acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylserine. There was no apparent binding of acrosin to liposomes which consisted of nonacidic phospholipids, thus indicating that an ionic phospholipid constituent was required for binding. Increased ionic strength caused a significant reduction in acrosin-liposome association with an inverse effect on enzyme-membrane dissociation. Acrosin-liposome association and dissociation were similarly effected by increasing concentrations of divalent cations at constant ionic strength, and by reductions in pH. Equilibrium binding experiments, with anionic liposomes, suggest the presence of either multiple classes of independent binding sites, or apparent negative cooperativity, with a range in the apparent affinity constant (Ka) from 2 x 10(11) M-1 at low acrosin concentrations to 3 x 10(8) M-1 at high acrosin concentrations. The membrane associated enzyme was accessible to concanavalin A, and to high molecular weight substrates, demonstrating that a portion of the acrosin molecule is exposed at the membrane surface. In addition, acrosin binding to liposomes had no apparent effect of hydrolysis of soluble protein or synthetic substrates. The results demonstrate that acrosin-liposome binding is due in part to electrostatic charge interactions and indicate that the enzyme has properties of an extrinsic membrane protein. PMID- 7016858 TI - Purification and characterization of acyl coenzyme A synthetase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7016859 TI - Formation of hydroxypyruvaldehyde phosphate in human erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes when incubated with [U-14C]glucose formed radioactively labeled hydroxypyruvaldehyde-P (CHOCOCH2OPO3(2-)). Using a "diagonal" chromatographic procedure on an anion exchange column for isolation and quantitative detection, up to 0.3 mumol of hydroxypyruvaldehyde-P/liter of packed cells was found. If glycolysis was blocked by inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase with N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetate, 0.7 mumol of hydroxypyruvaldehyde-P/liter of packed erythrocytes was detected. Hydroxypyruvaldehyde-P, found for the first time in eukaryotic cells, might be one of the long sought natural substrates of the glyoxalases. PMID- 7016860 TI - A mutant of Escherichia coli conditionally defective in the synthesis of holo [acyl carrier protein]. AB - Supplementation of Escherichia coli pantothenate auxotrophs with varying concentrations of pantothenate results in a concomitant variation of the intracellular level of CoA but has no effect on the level of holo-[acyl carrier protein] (holo-[ACP]) (Alberts, A., and Vagelos, P. R. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5201-5204). The 4-phosphopantetheine moiety of CoA is transferred by the enzyme holo-[ACP] synthase to apo-[acyl carrier protein] (apo-[ACP]) to form holo-[ACP], the form active in lipid synthesis. We mutagenized an E. coli K12 pantothenate auxotroph and selected for mutants unable to grow on a low concentration of pantothenate (0.25 microM) but that grew on a much higher level (25 microM). One of these strains was completely deficient in holo-[ACP] synthase. Reversion and recombinational genetic analyses indicated that the mutant growth phenotype was due to an altered holo-[ACP] synthase activity. The changes in the intracellular levels of CoA and holo-[ACP] engendered by manipulation of the levels of pantothenate supplementation were consistent with a deficiency in holo-[ACP] synthase activity in cultures supplemented with low levels of pantothenate. The site of the genetic lesion (called acpS) was localized on the E. coli genetic map. PMID- 7016861 TI - Further characterization of ribosome releasing factor and evidence that it prevents ribosomes from reading through a termination codon. AB - Ribosome releasing factor, an Escherichia coli protein known to release ribosomes from mRNA at the termination codon, was purified from both the ribosomal wash and the soluble fractions to electrophoretical homogeneity. These preparations had a molecular weight of 23,500 determined by gel electrophoresis, and they were immunologically indistinguishable. Translation of various mRNA was stimulated up to 3-fold upon addition of ribosome releasing factor. On the other hand, amino acid incorporation into proteins programmed by a mutant R17 RNA (an amber mutation at the seventh triplet of coat cistron) was inhibited by this factor. In this system, the major polypeptide formed in the absence of this factor had a molecular weight very close to the authentic R17 coat protein, suggesting that ribosomes may read through the amber codon in the absence of ribosome releasing factor. PMID- 7016862 TI - Replication of phase fd RF with fd gene 2 protein and phage T4 enzymes. AB - Bacteriophage fd replicative form DNA with a nick in the viral strand serves as a template for DNa replication with purified bacteriophage T4 enzymes. As anticipated from previous in vitro studies carried out with this system (Morris, C. F., Sinha, N. K., and Alberts, B. M. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4800-4804), DNA is synthesized by a rolling circle mechanism. We show here that the DNA strands synthesized are processed by the phage fd gene 2 protein into unit length products, providing that the gene 2 protein is present at the moment when this DNA is made. The products are mostly unit length linear single strands, indicating that the circularization step normally catalyzed by gene 2 protein subsequent to its site-specific cleavage of an fd DNA strand occurs only inefficiently in this system. The gene 2 protein reduces the level of DNA synthesis by 2-fold at low concentrations, even though it only cleaves the DNA products efficiently at higher levels of the enzyme. This indicates that there are at least two different effects of the fd gene 2 protein in processing of viral fd DNA. PMID- 7016864 TI - An immunohistochemical study on the localization and distributions of phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochromes P-450 within the livers of untreated rats. PMID- 7016863 TI - Transfer RNA cross-linked to the elongation factor Tu subunit of Q beta replicase does not inhibit Q beta RNA replication. AB - One of the four subunits of bacteriophage Q beta RNA replicase is elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), the host aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) binding protein. To determine whether the RNA polymerase activity requires the tRNA binding site of EF-Tu, we reconstituted replicase with EF-Tu . GTP covalently bound to AA-tRNA. This cross-linked ternary complex (XLTC) was formed by the reaction of N epsilon bromoacetyl-Lys-tRNA with EF-Tu-GTP. In an EF-Tu-dependent system for the reconstitution of replicase, XLTC restored polymerase activity at least as well as an equivalent amount of EF-Tu. Replicase reconstituted with XLTC was resolved from replicase containing EF-Tu by chromatography on phosphocellulose, a result which confirmed that the tRNA moiety was incorporated into the enzyme. Chromatographic analysis of reconstitution mixtures revealed that XLTC was incorporated into replicase as extensively as EF-Tu. From these results, it appears that the AA-tRNA binding site on EF-Tu is not required for the assembly or activity of Q beta RNA replicase. Furthermore, because the tRNA macromolecule is cross-linked to His-66 of the EF-Tu, the region surrounding His-66 must normally be exposed on the surface of the replicase. PMID- 7016865 TI - Formation of epoxide intermediates in the reaction of enzyme-bound 5-deazaflavin with peroxides. PMID- 7016866 TI - Effect of pH on binding kinetics and biological effect of insulin in rat adipocytes. AB - The pH dependence of binding of [TyrA14-125I]monoiodoinsulin to isolated rat adipocytes was investigated at 37 degrees C. Although the amount of tracer bound at steady state at pH 7.8 was 6 times that at pH 6.8, the fractional degradation of receptor-bound iodoinsulin remained the same. The decreased binding at acidic pH could be accounted for by a decrease in the affinity. The pH-induced change in affinity was similar for iodoinsulin and insulin. The half-time of dissociation was not changed in the pH range 7.0 to 7.8. The presence of 25 nM insulin in the wash out medium caused a small increase in the dissociation of tracer independent of pH. Kinetic experiments revealed that the decreased affinity at acidic pH was mainly due to a decrease in the association rate constant. The decreased binding at acidic pH was reflected in a shift to the right of the insulin dose-response curve for initial rate of uptake of 3-O-[methyl-14C]glucose and the rate of conversion of glucose to lipids. It is concluded that the degradation of bound iodoinsulin is independent of pH (6.8 to 8.8), that the decreased binding at acidic pH is due to a decreased association rate constant, and that cells in acidic milieu are relatively insulin-resistant. PMID- 7016867 TI - Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity of lactating bovine mammary fatty acid synthase. AB - Fatty acid synthase, purified from lactating bovine mammary gland, utilizes coenzyme A esters of acetoacetic, 3-hydroxybutyric, and crotonic acids as substrates for its partial reactions at micromolar concentrations. The NADPH:acetoacetyl-CoA reductase had a Km of 5 microM acetoacetyl-CoA and a Vmax of about 4 mumol of NADPH oxidized min-1 mg-1. In contrast, the Km for the model compound, acetoacetyl pantetheine was 820 microM and that of S-acetoacetyl-N acetylcysteamine was over 40 mM. The reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA was observed with the enzyme from rat tissues also but not with those from avian tissues or yeast. With the bovine mammary enzyme, the reaction was found to oxidize 2 mol of NADPH for every mol of acetoacetyl-CoA consumed. Butyrate was the major product of reduction. The reductase activity was susceptible to inhibition by several sulfhydryl reagents; it was lost when the synthase was dissociated into one-half molecular weight subunits or when the incubation mixture was depleted of CoA. It was competitively inhibited by acetyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and 2 methylcrotonyl-CoA. These results as well as its use as a primer in fatty acid synthesis by the enzyme suggest that the acetoacetyl group from acetoacetyl-CoA is transferred to the enzyme, presumably to its 4'-phosphopantheine prosthetic group. The acyl group is then expected to remain attached to the enzyme while it is reduced, dehydrated, and reduced again to form a butyryl group which can either undergo chain elongation, if malonyl-CoA is present, or be released from the enzyme by hydrolysis or transfer to free CoA. PMID- 7016868 TI - Energy-dependent and protein synthesis-independent recycling of the insulin sensitive glucose transport mechanism in fat cells. AB - The glucose transport mechanism of rat epididymal fat cells was reconstituted into egg lecithin liposomes, and their carrier-mediated transport activity ws estimated from the difference in the rates of uptake of D-[3H]glucose and L [14C]glucose. Insulin increased the glucose transport activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction while decreasing the activity in the Golgi-rich fraction in agreement with our previous data (Suzuki, K., and Kono, T. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 2542-2545). The development of the insulin effects was inhibited when cells were exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol or KCN before the insulin treatment. In addition, the reversal of the insulin effects was blocked upon exposure of insulin-treated cells to 2,4-dinitrophenol or KCN prior to the elimination of the hormone. In contrast, neither development nor reversal of the insulin effects was affected by cycloheximide or puromycin. The temperature coefficients of the transport activities reconstituted from the basal or insulin treated forms of the plasma membrane-rich or Golgi-rich fractions were all identical. The recoveries of protein, 5'-nucleotidase, UDP-galactose:N acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase, and NADH dehydrogenase into subcellular fractions were determined. However, net effects of insulin on the glucose transport activities have remained unknown for lack of an appropriate marker enzyme of the Golgi-like vesicles associated with the transport activity. It is suggested that the glucose transport mechanism is recycled between the plasma membrane-rich and Golgi-rich fractions by an energy-dependent reaction. PMID- 7016870 TI - Insulin or a closely related molecule is native to Escherichia coli. PMID- 7016869 TI - Trans action and the var1 determinant region on yeast mitochondrial DNA. Specific labeling of mitochondrial translation products in zygotes. AB - We have studied the specification of the apparent molecular weight form of the var1 polypeptide by the var1 determinant region located on mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A complementation assay has been developed whereby mitochondrial translation products can be labeled selectively in zygotes with 35SO42-. The procedure takes advantage of the fact that met- cys- grande (rho +) strains are unable to incorporate 35SO42- into protein. When such a strain is crossed with a met+ cys petite (rho -) and cells of the mating mixture are labeled with 35SO42- in the presence of cycloheximide under conditions where glycolysis is inoperative, only mitochondrial translation products within zygotes are labeled. Using this procedure with petites containing the var1 determinant region, we find that as much as 75% of the total polypeptide synthesized in zygotes is the form specified by the petite var1 allele. Moreover, mitochondria containing mixed mitochondrial genomes (rho + and rho -) can be isolated from zygotes, and both the rho + and rho - var1 alleles are expressed in vitro. From these results and the analysis of discriminating petites in which var1 recombination can be distinguished from complementation, we conclude that the var1 determinant can specify the apparent molecular weight form of the var1 polypeptide in trans. PMID- 7016871 TI - Genetic insertion of nuclear spin labels in the lac repressor. AB - A general strategy for the insertion of nuclear spin labels throughout the sequence of a protein is illustrated with the Escherichia coli lac repressor. Examples are shown where the 19F nucleus is incorporated using 3-fluorotyrosine, as well as the selective insertion of additional protons. These selectively inserted nuclei give additional resonances in the respective NMR spectra that can be used to probe the structure and function of the proteins. PMID- 7016872 TI - The effect of initiation factor IF-3 on Escherichia coli ribosomal subunit association kinetics. AB - IF-3 strikingly inhibits the rate of association of 30 S and 50 S subunits to form 70 S ribosome, at all Mg2+ concentrations between 1 and 18 mM, in 60 mM KCl, pH 7.8, at 26 degrees C. The rate of formation of 70 S is determined from the increase in light scattering intensity in stopped flow experiments in which, typically, largely dissociated 30 S-50S mixtures in 2 mM Mg2+ buffer are jumped against high [Mg2+] buffers containing either no or 1-2 eq of IF-3. The curves can be analyzed using two reactions (the anti-association model): 30 S + 50 S (formula see text) Both forward rates are large: in the physiologically important range, 3-6 mM Mg2+, k1 increases from 0.4 to 15 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, while k2 ranges from 3 to 18 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. The kinetic curves have a characteristic shape: an early spurt of 70 S particle formation while IF-3 and 50 S particles are competing for the large initial pool of free 30 S subunits, and a slower phase in which 70 S formation is controlled by the release of 30 S subunits from the 30 S.IF-3 complexes (k-2 runs between 0.05 and 0.17 s-1). The addition of a third reaction, 30 S.IF-3 + 50 S (formula see text) 70 S + IF-3, is not required for an adequate fit, changes the values of k2 slightly, and of k-2 not too much, and yields values of k-3 (0-20 X 10(3) M-1 s-1) probably too small to play a significant physiological role in initiation of protein synthesis unaided by other interactions. The "anti-association" effect of IF-3 on ribosomal subunits is clear-cut. The "pro-dissociation" effect on 70 S ribosomes remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 7016873 TI - Isolation and characterization of a protease-nicked thioredoxin. AB - An altered form of thioredoxin, composed of two peptides with molecular weights of 7 and 5 X 10(3) has been isolated from Escherichia coli B after chromatography on Ultrogel AcA54. The position of the clip site, determined by amino acid sequencing to lie between Pro(64) and Gly(65), is consistent with a cleavage within the hinge region connecting the two prominent folding domains of thioredoxin. The NH2-terminal domain containing the active site, and the carboxyl terminal domain correspond to the 7 and 5 X 10(3) fragments, respectively. The two peptides combine to form a tight complex, T'12. At concentrations below 10( 6) M, the clipped species was not efficiently reduced by thioredoxin reductase, showing only half the activity of native thioredoxin at a protein concentration of 9 X 10(-8) M. The Km of the clipped species for thioredoxin reductase (2.9 X 10(-6) M) was nearly equivalent to that of native thioredoxin (2.2 X 10(-6) M), and the Vmax for both native and clipped thioredoxins were nearly identical. These data are taken to imply a reversible association of the fragments to produce a thioredoxin equivalent to the intact species in its interaction with thioredoxin reductase. Some evidence exists for an unfolding of the 7 X 10(3) fragment upon dissociation of the complex. A functional role for the two-domain structure of thioredoxin is proposed in which the carboxyl domain serves to stabilize the active site within the amino domain and confer the species specificity in the binding of thioredoxin to thioredoxin reductase. PMID- 7016875 TI - The role of spermine in preventing misacylation by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Physiological concentrations of polyamines contribute significantly to both the speed and precision of aminoacylation of tRNA. Unphysiologically high concentrations of magnesium ion are required to obtain high rates of synthesis of phenylalanyl-tRNAPheyeast catalyzed by yeast phenylalanine:tRNA ligase in vitro. Under such conditions, rates of misacylation (e.g. the synthesis of Phe tRNAValE.coli) may be one-fifth of the rate of correct acylation. High rates of correct aminoacylation are achieved in the presence of physiological concentrations of magnesium (1.0 mM) plus spermine (0.2 mM). Under these conditions, there is almost no misacylation. A kinetic study of the magnesium dependence of aminoacylation shows that the rate-determining transition state for Phe-tRNAPhe synthesis contains, in addition to tightly bound Mg2+, either two spermines (Kd = approximately 50 microM) or 2 Mg2+ ions (Kd = approximately 1.0 mM). We postulate that the tRNAPhe binds two spermines to form a very compact, very precisely defined structure that easily forms an activated E.S conformer, E.S (Jencks' Circe Effect). In the absence of spermine, 2 Mg2+ ions bind somewhat more poorly to the tRNA to form a similar but not identical tRNA conformer which, in turn, is less able to form E.S and thus more slowly aminoacylated. Misacylation of noncognate tRNA requires several additional, more loosely bound Mg2+ ions that serve to relax the tRNA structure. Such magnesium-driven relaxation has a minor effect on Km (tRNA), but the resulting floppy structure is able to avoid the barriers against reaction and is amino-acylated thousands of times more rapidly than the compact defined structure. PMID- 7016874 TI - Occurrence of a vitamin B2-aldehyde-forming enzyme in Schizophyllum commune. AB - Vitamin B2-aldehyde-forming enzyme from riboflavin was purified about 1,400-fold from a cell-free extract of Schizophyllum commune by ammonium sulfate saturation fractionation, ethanol fractionation, and column chromatographies on DEAE Sephacel and Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, and most active at about pH 5.5. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 60,000-62,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme was specific for riboflavin; other compounds such as alcohol, sugar, phenol or nucleoside were not oxidized by this enzyme, as far as tested. alpha-NAD+, beta-NAD+, alpha-NADP+, beta-NADP+, FMN, FAD, and cytochrome c were not active as an electron acceptor. 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol served as a good electron acceptor, and phenazine methosulfate and methylene blue were found to be somewhat effective. The enzyme stoichiometrically oxidized 1 mol of riboflavin with 1 mol of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as electron acceptor. The enzyme reaction was completely inhibited by 10 microM Hg2+, but was not inhibited by sulfhydryl reagent, carbonyl reagent, and metal chelator. Kinetics analysis gave a Km value of 17 microM for riboflavin. PMID- 7016877 TI - A conformational study of thioredoxin and its tryptic fragments. AB - The absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism properties of Escherichia coli thioredoxin, and of its tryptic fragments thioredoxin-T-(1-73) and thioredoxin-T-(74-108), in water and in trifluoroethanol, have been investigated as a function of pH and temperature in order to gain information about their conformational behavior. Both reduced and oxidized thioredoxin have a remarkable conformational stability as judged from CD spectra at various pH values and temperatures. The percentage of secondary structure in solution was calculated using the procedures suggested in the literature, but no satisfactory agreement with the x-ray data could be obtained. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The fluorescence spectrum shows an intense tyrosine contribution, whose intensity is strongly pH-dependent in the acidic region. An interaction with a carboxylate group (tentatively Tyr-49 with Asp-104) is suggested. The pH dependence of the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan in reduced thioredoxin is also surprisingly marked, and a group with pK = 6.4, having a high quenching efficiency in the deprotonated form, is deemed responsible for this behavior. This is ascribed to one of the two reactive cysteine residues, whose negative charge is probably stabilized by Lys-36. Various spectroscopic/conformational studies have been carried out on the two fragments (1-73) and (74-108). The salient result is that the (1-73) fragment, which assumes a largely aperiodic structure at neutral and alkaline pH, is able to refold in a globular and stable structure when the pH is below approximately 3.0. This process is attended by marked changes in the fluorescence and CD spectra. The refolding mechanism and its implications are discussed. PMID- 7016876 TI - Differences among subfractions of H1 histone in their interactions with linear and superhelical DNA. Circular dichroism. AB - Interactions between subfractions of ox thymus H1 histone and either linear T7 DNA or superhelical PM2 DNA were studied by measuring the circular dichroism of H1:DNA complexes. H1 subfractions differed from one to the next in their effectiveness at distorting the circular dichroic spectrum of DNA by as much as 3 to 4-fold for both forms of DNA. The order of effectiveness of the subfractions was the same at all ionic strengths between 0.05 M and 0.25 M, but the degree of spectral distortion caused by any of the subfractions was sensitive to the salt concentration. At 0 M NaCl and above 3 M NaCl, there was little or no distortion of the spectrum of DNA by any subfraction; the maximum effectiveness for all of the subfractions was at 0.15 M to 0.2 M NaCl whether the DNA was linear or superhelical. Between 0 M and 0.15 M NaCl, the H1 subfractions in free solution underwent a conformational change from a substantially unfolded state to one that is presumably the native state. This was revealed by circular dichroism. In part, this folding of the protein molecules must account for the effect of salt on the ability of H1 to distort the circular dichroism of DNA when the two macromolecules are brought together in complex formation. The distortion of the circular dichroism of DNA by H1:DNA complex formation is thought to be due to side-by-side aggregation of fibers in an asymmetrically ordered array. Apparently, the different H1 subfractions induce formation of H1:DNA complexes that differ in degree of orderliness or in a more complicated geometric parameter of the array, and this is true for superhelical as well as linear DNA. PMID- 7016878 TI - Linkage of an acetylenic secosteroid suicide substrate to the active site of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase. Isolation and characterization of a tetrapeptide. PMID- 7016879 TI - Purification and primary structure of a polypeptide with multiplication stimulating activity from rat liver cell cultures. Homology with human insulin like growth factor II. AB - A low molecular weight polypeptide with multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) was isolated from serum-free media conditioned by a clone of normal Buffalo rat liver cells. The purification of MSA was achieved by gel permeation chromatography of the acid-soluble growth-promoting activity on Bio-Gel P-10 in 1 M acetic acid and followed by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography on muBondapak C18 support using a linear gradient of acetonitrile in 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. The primary structure of MSA has been determined. MSA is a single chain polypeptide of 67 residues, with a calculated molecular weight of 7,484, and displays 93% homology with the functionally related human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). A comparison between the sequences of rat MSA and human IGF-II reveals only five amino acid substitutions. Based on the extensive amino acid sequence homology, we propose the term rat IGF-II for this newly isolated polypeptide. PMID- 7016880 TI - Communication between subunits in aspartate transcarbamoylase. Effect of active site ligands on the tertiary structure of regulatory chains. PMID- 7016882 TI - A method for the production of Clostridium haemolyticum spores on solid medium. PMID- 7016881 TI - myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase. Characteristics of the enzyme and identification of its structural gene in yeast. AB - A purification procedure for L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) from yeast is described. The method routinely produces enrichments of 500-fold with 20-40% yields. In addition, a procedure for obtaining highly specific and purified antibody against the protein is described. The molecular weight of the native enzyme as determined by gel filtration is approximately 240,000. A single subunit of approximately Mr = 62,000 is detected upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. The purified antibody was used to assay crude extracts of wild type and inositol-requiring mutants for the presence of cross-reacting material. Mutant ino1-13 produces an inactive but fully cross reacting protein of a molecular weight identical with the wild type enzyme subunit. Mutant ino1-16 produces low levels of a fully active enzyme which appears to be more susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Mutants representing other unlinked loci (ino2 and ino4) do not produce cross-reacting protein. Based on this analysis, the ino1 locus is identified as the structural gene for the enzyme. Furthermore, it is shown that the Mr = 62,000 subunit is largely absent from crude extracts prepared from wild type yeast grown in the presence of repressing concentrations of inositol. PMID- 7016883 TI - [Comparison of two methods of titration of rabies neutralizing antibodies]. PMID- 7016884 TI - [Results of comparison of titration of rabies antibodies by two immunofluorescence methods]. PMID- 7016885 TI - Efficacy of double-gloving as a barrier to microbial contamination during total joint arthroplasty. AB - After ten total hip replacements in which a double-glove technique was used, 275 outer and inner gloves were tested for microbial contamination and for holes. The operating rooms were equipped with specially designed air-filtration mechanisms. The results indicated that the gloves that most frequently were contaminated were the ones used exclusively for draping. This finding suggests that using a separate pair of outer gloves only for draping is a valuable technique during total hip replacement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the practice of using double gloves during a total joint-replacement procedure is accepted widely, there is little evidence that double-gloving actually decreases microbial contamination. The results of this study indicate that changing outer gloves at appropriate times during the procedure is indeed an important way to minimize contamination. PMID- 7016886 TI - Paul Randall Harrington, M.D., 1911-1980. PMID- 7016887 TI - Infective endocarditis: a review of the literature. PMID- 7016890 TI - The natriuretic hormone and hypertension. PMID- 7016889 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the antihypertensive drug captopril. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic systems have been developed to separate and quantitate captopril. The presence of interfering excipients in various formulations necessitated the development of three assays, each with distinctly different columns and mobile phases. All work well for bulk material, providing short analysis time, high precision, and rapid sample preparation, demonstrating that there is not necessarily one, best, high-performance liquid chromatographic system. The advantages and shortcomings of the ion-exchange, amino and octadecylsilane systems are evaluated and one of them is selected as optimum for bulk and tablet analysis. PMID- 7016888 TI - Autonomous cortisol secretion by a metastatic Leydig cell carcinoma associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - We present the case of a 39-year-old man with Klinefelter's syndrome and a metastatic Leydig cell carcinoma in whom autonomous cortisol production induced by the interstitial cell tumor was found. Apart from the Cushing's syndrome the endocrine activity of the tumor was demonstrated by the secretion of estradiol, estrone, alkaline phosphatase, and testosterone. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of a Cushing's syndrome not caused via ACTH production but directly induced by ectopic steroid production. While being resistent to chemotherapy and radiation, the tumor responded favorably to treatment with o,p' DDD. The reduction of tumor size was accompanied by a continuous decrease of serum markers. The etiology of the tumor is discussed in the light of the hormonal derangement caused by the genetic abnormality of Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7016891 TI - Adrenal glomerulosa function in patients with dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. AB - The response of the adrenal glomerulosa to renin stimulation was determined in 10 patients with dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. The patients were treated continuously with 2 mg/day dexamethasone (DEX) and were studied on a regular sodium diet (87 meq/m2 . day) and on a 10 meq/day sodium diet. With DEX treatment all patients showed a prompt suppression of adrenal fasciculata function as evidenced by suppression of serum cortisol, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, and urinary 18-OH-desoxycorticosterone. The complete suppression of urinary pH 1 aldosterone (aldo) by DEX, unique to this disorder, was paralleled by a prompt suppression of urinary 18-OH-corticosterone. With continued DEX administration, plasma renin activity rose to the normal or supranormal range. Dietary sodium restriction resulted in a further rise in plasma renin activity and a rise in urinary pH 1 aldo and 18-OH-corticosterone. We conclude that in DEX-suppressible hyperpaldosteronism, although ACTH appears to be the primary stimulus for aldo secretion in the untreated state, when ACTH is suppressed, the adrenal glomerulosa responds normally to the stimulation of renin-angiotensin II. PMID- 7016892 TI - Effect of solid and liquid carbohydrates upon postprandial pancreatic endocrine function. AB - The present study was designed to determine the effect of sucrose-containing liquids upon postprandial pancreatic endocrine function in comparison to an identical quantity of sucrose contained in the solid part of the test meal. In 10 normal subjects, the ingestion of a solid-liquid meal with sucrose in the liquid part elicited a significantly greater increase in the plasma insulin and glucose levels during the first 20 min than did the ingestion of the same meal in homogenized form. Plasma glucagon levels fell below baseline during the early phase of the meal in response to the solid-liquid meal, whereas values increased immediately upon ingestion of the homogenized meal. To determine the effect of repeated ingestion of sucrose-containing liquids, 6 subjects ingested a meal containing sucrose in solid form together with water (solid sucrose); on another occasion, the same subjects ingested the sucrose in liquid form. In response to the liquid-sucrose meal, mean postprandial plasma insulin levels were significantly higher than those observed in response to the solid-sucrose meal (110 +/- 11.3 vs. 80 +/- 8.5 microunits/ml; P less than 0.01) as were plasma glucagon levels (284 +/- 12.2 vs. 198 +/- 8.2 pg/ml; P less than 0.001). Mean postprandial plasma glucose levels and the insulin to glucagon ratio were not different. The present data demonstrate that the ingestion of sucrose in the liquid part of a meal results in a significant elevation of plasma insulin concentrations compared to the ingestion of sucrose in the solid part of the meal. PMID- 7016894 TI - Identification of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica by API 20E, Minitek, and Oxi/Ferm systems. AB - Fifty serotyped isolates each of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica were tested on the API 20E strip (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), the Oxi/Ferm tube (Roche Diagnostics, Nutley, N.J.), and the Minitek system (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). None of the rapid test systems reliable identified these organisms. With the API system, discrepancies between expected and actual results for the oxidase test and nitrate test frequently resulted in misidentification or no identification. The Minitek system misidentified 68% of the P. haemolytica isolates. The Minitek identification of Pasteurella depends on 100% positive xylose reactions, whereas only 56% of the P. haemolytica strains were positive for xylose fermentation. The Oxy/Ferm system, instead of giving a definitive identification, in most instances merely placed Pasteurella in a category of similar organisms. PMID- 7016895 TI - Evaluation of transport and storage techniques for isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from turkey cecal specimens. AB - Immediate culturing of fecal specimens is not always possible, and appropriate methods for transport and storage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni specimens have not been fully evaluated. Using nine techniques, we studied the survival of C. fetus subsp. jejuni in cecal specimens from infected turkeys. The organisms survived in specimens held without transport medium for 3 to 15 days (median, 9 days) at 4 degrees C, and 2 to 9 days (median, 4 days) at 25 degrees C. Only 20% of specimens frozen for 24 h at either -20 or -70 degrees C yielded C. fetus subsp. jejuni. Specimens dried on filter paper strips were negative for C. fetus subsp. jejuni within 1.5 h. Cary-Blair medium with decreased agar was the best of the six transport media tested, it enabled recovery of the organism from 100% (3 days) and 71% (7 days) of cecal samples held at 4 degrees C and 94% (3 days) and 85% (7 days) of cecal specimens held at 25 degrees C. In contrast, more than half of all cecal specimens held at 4 or 25 degrees C in Culturettes or buffered glycerol saline were negative by 3 days, and all were negative at 7 days. Results with the other three media studied (Campy-thio, thioglycolate medium, and alkaline peptone water) were intermediate. Overnight incubation of specimens in alkaline peptone water at 37 or 42 degrees C did not enhance recovery of C. fetus subsp. jejuni. Therefore, refrigeration without a transport medium is satisfactory for up to 3 days for recovery of C. fetus subsp. jejuni from specimens, however, we recommend the use of Cary-Blair medium with decreased agar for specimens that must be transported or stored for longer than 3 days and for rectal swabs, to prevent drying. PMID- 7016893 TI - Hemadsorption immunosorbent technique for determination of rubella immunoglobulin M antibody. AB - A highly specific and sensitive hemadsorption immunosorbent technique for measuring rubella immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody is described. IgM from human sera was absorbed into anti-human IgM-coated wells in plates and rubella-specific IgM was detected by adding rubella virus hemagglutinin and a small quantity of sheep erythrocytes. Centrifugation of the plates facilitated reading of the test. Specific IgM-positive sera showed hemadsorption, whereas negative sera showed hemagglutination. Rheumatoid factor and rubella-specific IgG antibody did not interfere with the results. The test was clearly more sensitive than the solid phase immunosorbent technique for detection of rubella IgM antibody by hemagglutination inhibition and at least as sensitive as the hemagglutination inhibition test on IgM fractions from a sucrose density gradient and the indirect immunofluorescence test for IgM antibody with absorbed serum. All of 40 sera from 17 rubella patients taken 4 to 49 days after the onset of rash were positive in the new test, with antibody titers ranging from 2,560 to 81,920 between 4 and 28 days. The test is reliable, practical, and suitable for general diagnostic use. PMID- 7016897 TI - Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae with microbial enzyme activity profiles. AB - A total of 539 clinical isolates belonging to 10 species of the Enterobacteriaceae family were identified by enzyme activity profiles within 30 min of test inoculation. Each isolate was grown at 37 degrees C for 18 h on Mueller-Hinton agar and suspended to an optical density of 200 Klett units on 0.85% saline. Enzyme activity profiles were obtained by inoculating 18 fluorogenic substrates with the standardized bacterial suspension and monitoring initial rates of hydrolysis over the first 30 min of analysis. Individual enzyme activity profiles were entered into a coded data bank, and identifications were based on the Bayesian theory of probabilities. At a confidence level of 95%, five species were identified with a greater than 90% efficiency, three species were identified between 83 and 88% efficiency, and two species demonstrated a 72 and 75% efficiency of identification. The enzyme activity profile method of bacterial identification is rapid, easily automated, and reproducible. PMID- 7016896 TI - Comparison of spot esculin hydrolysis with the PathoTec strip test for rapid differentiation of anaerobic bacteria. AB - The ability of several anaerobic bacteria to hydrolyze esculin to esculetin is used by clinical microbiologists and taxonomists in the differentiation and identification of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Conventional methods used for determining esculin hydrolysis by anaerobic bacteria require 24 to 48 h for completion. In this paper we evaluate two procedures which yield rapid results. A total of 738 anaerobic bacteria were used in this study. A total of 99% of the esculin-hydrolyzing anaerobic bacteria gave positive results with the spot test in 1 h, whereas the other test method, the PathoTec strip test (General Diagnostics, Morris Plains, N.J.), required 4 h for 96% of the strains tested to yield positive reactions. Both tests showed a 100% specificity when compared with the standard broth test and are easy to perform, accurate, and economical. The spot test is superior to the PathoTec strip test in yielding results more rapidly. PMID- 7016899 TI - In vitro antibiotic removal and bacterial recovery from blood with an antibiotic removal device. AB - The antibiotic removal device manufactured by Marion Laboratories (Kansas City., Mo.) is intended for treatment, before culture, of blood specimens from hospital patients being treated with antibiotics. Measurement of 13 antibiotics showed that the antibiotic removal device removed amikacin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nafcillin, tetracycline, tobramycin, and vancomycin and reduced cefoxitin and ticarcillin to extremely low levels. Three combinations of antibiotics were similarly removed or reduced. Five species of anaerobic bacteria, one yeast species, and six species of facultative or aerobic bacteria were used to challenge the possibility that the antibiotic removal device would trap or inhibit microorganisms. All were recovered from the device in the same numbers as were inoculated. PMID- 7016898 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the Auto-Microbic system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The capability of the Auto-Microbic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) has been expanded to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with the use of a sealed, disposable accessory card (the Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card) containing 26 biochemical tests. To judge the accuracy of the AutoMicrobic system's identification in a hospital laboratory, 933 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were studied. The AutoMicrobic system provided the correct identification for 905 of the isolates (97%). For Enterobacteriaceae excluding Escherichia coli (533 isolates not E. coli), 506 isolates were correctly identified (94.9%). The AutoMicrobic system integrates well into the clinical microbiology laboratory, providing a simple, accurate, and efficient automated system for the rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7016900 TI - Comparative evaluation of the Iatron serological Candida check kit and the API 20C kit for identification of medically important Candida species. AB - A newly developed commercial serological test (Iatron Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) for the rapid identification of medically important species of Candida was evaluated against the API 20C (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and the standard Wickerham assimilation and fermentation procedures. Our results indicated that the Iatron and the API 20C methods are 95% accurate since both permitted identification of 78 of 82 Candida isolates, representing eight medically important species. None of the tests on nine Cryptococcus, six Trichosporon, three Geotrichum, three Saccharomyces, and one Rhodotorula species yielded false-positive reactions. False-positive serological tests occurred with a species of Pichia and Candida rugosa. The API 20C procedure correctly identified C. rugosa but not the Pichia sp. The Iatron method permitted reliable identification of the Candida species in 10 min to 5 h, whereas the API 20C procedure required 48 to 72 h. Neither method could properly identify sucrose negative Candida tropicalis or Candida lusitaniae isolates. In addition, Candida albicans isolates could be serotyped by the Iatron method. PMID- 7016901 TI - Selective medium for isolation of Clostridium botulinum from human feces. AB - A selective medium, Clostridium botulinum isolation (CBI) agar, was developed for the isolation of C. botulinum from human feces. This medium contains cycloserine (250 microgram/ml), sulfamethoxazole (76 microgram/ml), and trimethoprim (4 microgram/ml) as selective inhibitory agents. Qualitative tests indicated complete recovery of C. botulinum types A, B, F, and G on CBI medium. It was more difficult to recognize type G colonies on the medium because of their lack of lipase activity. Except for a few species of Clostridium, the growth of other obligate anaerobes and of the facultative anaerobes tested on CBI medium was suppressed. Quantitative studies of C. botulinum on the selective medium yielded counts comparable to those obtained on egg yolk agar control plates. Isolation of C. botulinum types A, B, and F from seeded fecal specimens was easily achieved with CBI medium. The use of CBI agar should aid the rapid isolation of C. botulinum from fecal specimens associated with foodborne and infant botulism. PMID- 7016902 TI - Distribution of serotypes of Nocardia asteroides from animal, human, and environmental sources. AB - The antigenic types of 129 isolates of Nocardia asteroides from diverse clinical, environmental, and geographic origins were determined. The majority of the isolates studied were of bovine (56) or human (44) origin; 11 were derived from six species of animals other than cattle, and 10 were isolated from environmental sources; the source of 8 strains could not be determined. Testing culture filtrate antigens against four standard reference sera in a gel diffusion precipitin test established the antigenic type of 95.3% of the isolates. After excluding strains that weighted the data because of common infection, the distribution of serotypes was examined according to the origin of the isolate. Type I was the most frequently encountered serotype (31.9%); types III (15.0%) and IV (20.4%) were also observed frequently, as was the antigenic mixture III + IV (14.2%). There was an apparent difference in frequency of type III and IV antigens among isolates of bovine and human origin; type III made up 20.0% of the bovine isolates and 13.6% of the human isolates, whereas type IV constituted 10.0% of bovine and 27.3% of human isolates. PMID- 7016903 TI - Evaluation of 36 Minitek tests and a new approach for identification of nonfermenters. AB - Thirty-six Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) tests were evaluated with 625 Kansai Medical University stock strains of 22 species and one group of nonfermentative gram-negative rods able to grow on ordinary peptone media. Among the 36 tests, 15 were selected because a clear-cut reaction was shown by all 625 Kansai Medical University strains. Of these 15 tests, 12 were further selected for routine use because they were regarded as useful for the identification of nonfermenters. The 12 tests were arranged into the following four groups: (i) lysine-arginine-ornithine, (ii) urea-ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D galactopyranoside-dextrose aerobic, (iii) maltose-xylose-starch, and (iv) esculin nitrate reduction-indole. A new profile system for four digits, the Minitek Y-Y (Yabuuchi and Yamanaka) system, consisting of 64 numbers which represent each single species and 11 numbers which give two to four species, is herein proposed. The system was designed primarily for a less expensive identification of gram negative rods already confirmed in a butt of either triple sugar iron or Kligler iron agar for their lack of ability to ferment dextrose. Among the 539 clinical isolates obtained from 3 hospitals, 511 strains identifiable by classical methods were also identified by the Minitek Y-Y system. PMID- 7016904 TI - Simple method for detecting Bacteroides spp. bacteriocin production. AB - Bacteroides isolates were grown anaerobically on a 0.22-mum membrane filter on an agar plate for 48 h. Cultures of an indicator strain were grown as a lawn on the agar after removal of the filter, and bacteriocin sensitivity was detected by zones of inhibition. PMID- 7016905 TI - Comparison of an HEp-2 tissue culture test with the Sereny test for detection of enteroinvasiveness in Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli. AB - A good correlation was observed between the Sereny test and an HEp-2 tissue culture test for the detection of enteroinvasiveness in Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7016906 TI - Effect of antibiotics on the dynamics of color change in Ureaplasma urealyticum cultures. AB - Color change of pH indicators in broth medium is commonly used to quantify growth of ureaplasmas. These organisms differ from other members of the Mollicutes by their ability to hydrolyze urea to CO2 and NH3. This study describes a method which continuously monitors color change in ureaplasmal broth cultures. Using this technique we found: (i) there was a pH-dependent absorbance at 554 nm in ureaplasmal broth medium containing phenol red, (ii) a sigmoidal-shaped color changing curve (absorbance at 554 nm versus time) was produced by metabolizing organisms whereas a linear curve was generated by antibiotic-inhibited ureaplasmas, and (iii) the minimum cell density which elicited a growth-inhibited color change was 1.25 x 10(4) colony-forming units per ml. Other have shown that apparently dead ureaplasmas can cause a color change in broth media. This color change is probably due to the presence of an active urease. This study graphically and quantitatively assesses growth-inhibited color change. PMID- 7016907 TI - Unique temperature-sensitive nutritional requirements of bacteremic Escherichia coli isolates. AB - Of 50 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from blood cultures of bacteremic patients, 14 (28%) were unable to grow on minimal medium at 42 degrees C, compared to only 2 of 50 nonbacteremic strains. In 7 of the 14 bacteremic strains, growth at 42 degrees C was restored by adding nicotinic acid. These unique temperature-sensitive auxotrophic patterns warrant evaluation as a marker correlating with clinical pathogenicity in E. coli. PMID- 7016908 TI - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination test using mycobacterial glycolipids. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination methods were compared using mycobacterial glycolipids as antigens. Both methods were found to have equivalent specificity and sensitivity in detecting mycobacterial diseases. Both tests had 96% specificity; the sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 86%, and that of the hemagglutination test was 88.6%. PMID- 7016909 TI - Rapid presumptive identification of Cryptococcus neoformans by staphylococcal coagglutination. AB - A coagglutination reagent was prepared by sensitizing the Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus with rabbit immune globulin directed against Cryptococcus neofromans A15 and absorbed with C. laurentii. This reagent was evaluated for its usefulness in differentiating C. neoformans from other yeast colonies rapidly. Antigen-containing extracts were prepared form Sabouraud dextrose agar cultures of 48 C. neoformans, 33 other Cryptococcus species, 21 Candida, 4 Torulopsis, 3 Saccharomyces, and 2 Rhodotorula strains. This was done by suspending a 0.001-ml loopful of colony growth in 0.5 ml of phenolized saline, mixing for 30 s, and then centrifuging. Equal volumes (50 microliters) of coagglutination reagent and yeast extract were mixed within marked circles on a glass slide and then mechanically rotated at 180 rpm for 8 min. Forty-five of the 48 strains of C. neoformans produced strong (3+ to 4+) agglutination, and 3 strains of serotype C produced weak (1+ to 2+) agglutination with the reagent. Other Cryptococcus species which reacted positively were 4 C. albidus subsp. diffluens, 7 C. albidus subsp. albidus, and 2 C. terreus strains; however, false-positive errors in identification were circumvented by performing a supplemental rapid test for nitrate utilization which differentiated these yeasts from C. neoformans. None of the other yeasts tested (including 14 C. laurentii, 2 C. luteolus, and 2 C. uniguttulatus strains) produced any degree of agglutination with the reagent. A commercial cryptococcal latex agglutination reagent (Crypto-Test, Microbiological Associates, Walkersville, Md.) proved less reliable for identifying C. neoformans yeast colonies because of cross-reactions which occurred with all other species of Cryptococcus tested. PMID- 7016910 TI - Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining antibody to rubella virus. AB - The hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibody to rubella virus were compared by testing 25 sets of paired sera taken before and after infection and 10 sets of sera taken during acute and convalescent stages of the disease and by screening 700 serum samples from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, NIH/NINCDS. The tests were found to be comparable in their ability to detect positive and negative sera, rises in titers, and seroconversions. When a purified antigen and carefully prepared reagents were used, ELISA was found to be as accurate and reliable as HAI. ELISA required no pretreatment of serum, could easily be automated, and was less time-consuming than HAI. PMID- 7016911 TI - Reverse enzyme immunoassay for detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M antibodies. AB - A reverse enzyme immunoassay (R-EIA) is described, in which polystyrene muplates are sensitized with anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) (mu chain) antibodies and then sequentially allowed to react with patient's serum, peroxidase-labeled Toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen, and substrate. Measurement of activity of the solid-phase bound enzyme conjugate was done by colorimetric reading of the final developed color and kinetically by the initial rate of color development. This R-EIA allowed full resolution between absorbance values of a group of 36 sera which presented positive results in the Toxoplasma IgM immunofluorescence test and the remaining groups, which consisted of 39 normal individuals, 22 rheumatoid factor positive sera, 8 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemic sera, 3 infectious mononucleosis samples, and 6 high-titered IgG anti-T. gondii sera. No interference of rheumatoid factor IgM or inhibition by high-titered specific IgG was detected, even in the false IgM immunofluorescence-positive rheumatoid factor samples. Likewise, false-negative IgM immunofluorescence samples gave positive R-EIA even without adsorption with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The possibility of direct tagging of the antigen with the enzyme eliminates the need for using antigen and anti-antigen conjugates as separate layers, therefore eliminating one step in the assay. PMID- 7016913 TI - Laboratory evaluation of the AutoMicrobic system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card used with the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was compared with the API 20E system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) for identifying members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 1,401 clinical isolates representing 18 species were identified by the AutoMicrobic and API 20E systems over a 5-month period. Discrepancies between these systems were resolved by conventional methods. Overall, 98.3% of the isolates were identified correctly by the AutoMicrobic system in 8 h, with 94.2% having an AutoMicrobic system confidence level greater than or equal to 90%; 92.9% of the isolates were identified correctly by the 20E system after 24 h of incubation. Discrepancies between the two systems occurred in 3.1% of the isolates. Of these, 40.9 and 59.1% proved to be correct by the AutoMicrobic and API 20E systems, respectively. PMID- 7016912 TI - Evaluation of techniques for isolation of group A streptococci from throat cultures. AB - In the first study, selective sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim blood agar (SXT-BA) and conventional blood agar (BA) plates incubated under CO2 and anaerobically were compared for their ability to recover group A streptococci from throat cultures. Recovery rates were: SXT-BA (anaerobic), 100%; SXT-BA (CO2), 98%; BA (anaerobic), 89.2%; and BA (CO2), 76.5%. Primary plate bacitracin test results could be read on significantly more of the SXT-BA plates. Readability rates were: SXT-BA (anaerobic), 97%; SXT-BA (CO2), 96%; BA (anaerobic), 70.6%; and BA (CO2), 32.4%. A second study compared with the SXT-BA method versus a BA-double-disk (BA DD) method which utilizes conventional media with addition of a bacitracin differentiation and a sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim susceptibility disk placed adjacent to one another in the heavy area of inoculation. Isolation rates were: SXT-BA, 100% and BA-DD, 88%. Readability rates for direct bacitracin tests were: SXT-BA, 92% and BA-DD, 76.2%. In our hands, the SXT-BA method was superior for yielding highest isolation rates and for yielding highest readability rates of direct bacitracin test results. PMID- 7016914 TI - Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli from blood cultures by the AutoMicrobic system. AB - A procedure was developed which allows direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fermentative and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. A 10-ml sample was removed from turbid blood culture bottles, and the bacteria were washed and concentrated by centrifugation. The bacterial pellet was used to inoculate an Enterobacteriaceae Plus Identification Card and a Gram-Negative General Susceptibility Card of the AutoMicrobic system. Results with these cards were compared with results obtained with standard technique for 196 blood cultures seeded with recent clinical isolates. Identification of most cultures was available in 8 h, whereas the antimicrobial susceptibility results were available in an average of 4.7 h for all organisms. Direct identification was correct for 95% of the cultures, whereas the antimicrobial susceptibility data had an average agreement of 87% with 3.8% very major and 1.4% major errors. In using this procedure it was possible to provide accurate preliminary identification and results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests for gram-negative bacilli on the same day that a blood culture was determined to be positive. PMID- 7016916 TI - Improved technique for isolation of Mycobacterium kansasii from water. AB - A new concentration procedure, together with a new isolation medium, resulted in a 10- to 100-fold increase in the possibility of identifying Mycobacterium kansasii from water samples in comparison to a previously used procedure. In a survey which included both potable and natural water samples from many sites within the state of Texas, nine isolations of high-catalase strains of M. kansasii were obtained from 232 water samples tested. Acid-fast smear results were compared with mycobacterial isolations. An isolate from a river in central Texas is the first high-catalase strain of M. kansasii encountered in a natural water supply. Surveys of water samples from two Texas towns indicate that chlorine levels may influence the number of recoverable mycobacteria in water supplies. PMID- 7016915 TI - Comparison of fluorescent-antibody, neutralizing-antibody, and complement enhanced neutralizing-antibody assays for detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus. AB - A comparison of three assays for the detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was carried out on 47 serum samples obtained sequentially from infants and young children with RSV infection. Neutralizing-antibody (NA) activity was determined by a semimicromethod of plaque reduction. Complement enhanced NA activity was determined by the addition of guinea pig complement to NA assays. RSV antibody responses in immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A classes were determined by using indirect immunofluorescence techniques for fluorescent-antibody (FAb) assay. Antibody to RSV was detectable by all three techniques as early as 4 days after the onset of illness. At all phases of illness, titers obtained by complement-enhanced NA assays were significantly greater than those obtained by NA or FAb assays (P less than 0.01). RSV-FAb titers determined in the immunoglobulin G class correlated well with those determined by complement-enhanced NA or NA assays. The data suggest that the FAb assay for detection of RSV antibody in serum is somewhat less sensitive but also less laborious and more rapid than NA assays. PMID- 7016917 TI - New method that uses binding of immunoglobulin A to group A streptococcal immunoglobulin A Fc receptors for demonstration of microbial immunoglobulin A protease activity. AB - A new method is described for the detection of bacterial immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease which splits IgA into Fab and Fc fragments. The method takes advantage of a recent finding that receptors for IgA fragments occur commonly among type 4 group A streptococci. The bacterial preparation to be tested for protease activity was first incubated with radiolabeled purified IgA1 myeloma protein, and the proportion of radioactivity bound to a standard suspension of the streptococci was then measured. Since isolated Fab fragments do not bind to streptococcal IgA receptors, a decrease in the amount of radioactivity bound to the streptococci, as compared with the amount before digestion, indicates the presence of protease in the test preparation. Using this method, protease activity was detected in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus sanguis, but not in Escherichia coli or Branhamella catarrhalis. PMID- 7016918 TI - Improved method for trypsin digestion of Paraplast sections before immunofluorescence staining. AB - Formalin-fixed, Paraplast-embedded tissue sections mounted on subbed slides were digested with crude trypsin in modified Sorensen phosphate buffer containing sodium fluoride before immunofluorescence staining. This method prevented detachment of sections from slides during processing, thereby permitting immunofluorescence and histological examinations of adjacent serial sections. PMID- 7016919 TI - Thick myofilament mass determination by electron scattering measurements with the scanning transmission electron microscope. PMID- 7016920 TI - A factor X-activating cysteine protease from malignant tissue. AB - A proteolytic procoagulant has been identified in extracts of human and animal tumors and in cultured malignant cells. It directly activated Factor X but its similarity to other Factor S-activating serine proteases was not clear. This study describes work done to determine whether this enzyme, cancer procoagulant, is a serine or cysteine protease. Purified cancer procoagulant from rabbit V2 carcinoma was bound to a p-chloromercurialbenzoate-agarose affinity column and was eluted with dithiothreitol. The initiation of recalcified, citrated plasma coagulation activity by cancer procoagulant was inhibited by 5 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, 0.1 mM HgCl2, and 1 mM iodoacetamide. Activity was restored in the diisopropylfluorophosphate-, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride-, and HgCl2-inhibited samples by 5 mM dithiothreitol; iodoacetamide inhibition was irreversible. Russell's viper venom, a control Factor X-activating serine protease, was not inhibited by either 0.1 mM HgCl2 or 1 mM iodoacetamide. The direct activation of Factor X by cancer procoagulant in a two-stage assay was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and iodoacetamide. Diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibits serine proteases, and an undefined impurity in most commercial preparations inhibits cysteine proteases. Hydrolysis of diisopropylfluorophosphate with CuSO4 and imidazole virtually eliminated inhibition of thrombin, but cancer procoagulant inhibition remained complete, suggesting that cancer procoagulant was inhibited by the undefined impurity. These results suggest that cancer procoagulant is a cysteine endopeptidase, which distinguishes it from other coagulation factors including tissue factor. This and other data suggest that neoplastic cells produce this unique cysteine protease which may initiate blood coagulation. PMID- 7016922 TI - Clinical application of serum vitamin B12 assay. PMID- 7016921 TI - Epinephrine plasma thresholds for lipolytic effects in man: measurements of fatty acid transport with [l-13C]palmitic acid. AB - To determine the plasma epinephrine thresholds for its lipolytic effect, 60-min epinephrine infusions at nominal rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/min were performed in each of four normal young adult men while they also received a simultaneous infusion of [1-13C]palmitic acid to estimate inflow transport of plasma free fatty acids. These 20 infusions resulted in steady-state plasma epinephrine concentrations ranging from 12 to 870 pg/ml. Plasma epinephrine thresholds for changes in blood glucose, lactate, and beta hydroxybutyrate were in the 150--200-pg/ml range reported by us previously (Clutter, W. E., D. M. Bier, S. D. Shah, and P. E. Cryer. 1980. J. Clin. Invest. 66: 94--101.). Increments in plasma glycerol and free fatty acids and in the inflow and outflow transport of palmitate, however, occurred at lower plasma epinephrine thresholds in the range of 75 to 125 pg/ml. Palmitate clearance was unaffected at any steady-state epinephrine level produced. These data indicate that (a) the lipolytic effects of epinephrine occur at plasma levels approximately threefold basal values and (b) lipolysis is more sensitive than glycogenolysis to increments in plasma epinephrine. PMID- 7016923 TI - Plasma cell counts on human jejunal biopsy specimens examined by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparative study. AB - Ten human jejunal biopsy specimens were examined by both immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) methods to compare both plasma cell counts and the distribution of extracellular immunoglobulins. Each specimen was cut into at least two portions, one fixed in 5% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline before being snap-frozen and sectioned on a cryostat for IF, the other being fixed in half-strength Zenker and embedded in paraffin wax by standard methods for IP. Plasma cell counts were comparable in the eight biopsy specimens for which they could be estimated, geometric mean values being IgA 22.9 (IF), 19.3 (IP) and IgM 9.5 (IF), 10.6 (IP). Two specimens showing subtotal villous atrophy had too much extracellular IgA for plasma cell counts to be feasible. For these the IF methods had the advantage that the extracellular immunoglobulin was more readily distinguishable from background staining. PMID- 7016924 TI - Observations on 10 years' HBs antigenaemia after renal transplantation. AB - A renal transplant patient became a carrier of HBs Ag within four weeks of a successful transplant. The level of antigenaemia was extremely high, and approximately 3% of the particles were 42 nm Dane particles, although the anti HBe was present from at least 20 months after transplant. After four years the antigenaemia declined to a low level, and five years later HBs Ag became undetectable for the first time. During the past 18 months, no antigen has been detected although immunosuppression continues and the original kidney is still functional. PMID- 7016925 TI - Characterisation of urinary isolates of Escherichia coli by multiple typing: a retrospective analysis. AB - Cultures of Escherichia coli of urinary origin were examined after storage for 12 to 15 years by a combination of the techniques of biotyping, resistotyping, haemagglutinin typing, and colicin typing (multiple typing) which allowed strain identification to be made even when variation in one or more typing characters had occurred in vivo. Biotyping and resistotyping used in conjunction were sufficient to allow identification of as many as 106 of 110 pairs of E. coli examined. In the four pairs of isolates for which it was necessary to extend strain identification profiles to include data from other typing methods, probable strain identification was achieved for all but one pair. The multiple typing approach seems useful for retrospective analysis of stored cultures of E. coli. PMID- 7016926 TI - Spontaneous loss and transfer of plasmid-mediated K21 antigen synthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Five epidemiologically related urine isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (sensu lato), capsular serotype K21 may spontaneously lose the ability to synthesise K21 antigen in vitro and in vivo. Another four isolates of K. pneumoniae K21+, epidemiologically unrelated to the other five, did not exhibit this effect. Elimination of the ability to synthesise K21 antigen may be enhanced by treatment with acridine orange. Transfer of K21 antigen synthesis from K. pneumoniae to Escherichia coli K12 was observed in eight independent experiments. Elimination from or acquisition of the ability to synthesise K21 antigen is not accompanied by changes in the antibiotic sensitivity patterns or biochemical characteristics of bacteria. PMID- 7016927 TI - Resistance to trimethoprim in 1978-79 compared with 1973-75. AB - The incidence of resistance to trimethoprim among urinary isolates between October 1978 and November 1979 was 11.5%, more than double the figure found April 1973 and October 1975. Of the resistant strains, 60% had a minimum inhibitory concentration in excess of 1 mg/ml. Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis showed the greatest increase in resistance since the previous study. Rather wide fluctuations occurred in the incidence of resistance for various species when the figures were analysed over two-month periods, hence studies of short duration must be interpreted with caution. There are not yet enough data from this or other studies for the cause of the increased incidence of resistance to trimethoprim to be determined. PMID- 7016928 TI - Effect of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and plasma renin activity. AB - Patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were treated with guanabenz plus placebo (26 patients) or guanabenz plus hydrochlorothiazide (26 patients) for one year. Ambulatory plasma renin activity was determined during placebo treatment, after four weeks and one year of treatment with the study drugs, and one month after discontinuation of guanabenz while continuing the same hydrochlorothiazide dosage. Treatment with guanabenz plus hydrochlorothiazide proved more satisfactory than treatment with guanabenz plus placebo in that fewer patients were treatment failures, a smaller dosage of guanabenz was required, better control of supine blood pressure was achieved, and no increase in guanabenz dosage was needed to maintain chronic blood pressure control. Drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness were the side effects noted most commonly. Plasma renin activity was not significantly suppressed by chronic guanabenz therapy. Thus, guanabenz is an effective new antihypertensive that provides optimal blood pressure control when used with a diuretic. PMID- 7016929 TI - Crossover and parallel study of oral analgesics. AB - Ten years ago, analgesics were studied using crossover designs. In recent years, analgesics have been studied only in parallel designs primarily because biostatisticians do not like crossover studies. The advantages of crossover studies are numerous: (1) patients serve as their own control; (2) there is less variability of responses among patients; and (3) a smaller number of patients is needed to provide statistically significant data. As long as crossover of treatment medications does not occur within 4 to 6 hours, the problem of carryover effect of the previous medication is insignificant or negligible. Two studies will be presented. One is a crossover study of Percodan with and without naloxone to placebo. The other is a parallel study comparing the effects of propoxyphene with naloxone to those of propoxyphene alone. The results of these studies reaffirm the value of the crossover method of evaluating analgesics. PMID- 7016930 TI - Lofexidine in the treatment of hypertension: a twice-daily versus one-daily dose comparison with 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. AB - Lofexidine, an antihypertensive imidazoline derivative, was given to ten hypertensives on both a twice-daily and once-daily regimen, using routine blood pressure measurements and 24-hour Remler recording. Plasma renin activity and catecholamines were measured. After a dose titration with twice-daily doses, the total twice-daily dose was given once daily for two weeks and the drug abruptly withdrawn. Mean placebo blood pressure was 136/104 mm Hg supine. After twice daily therapy, this fell to 118/86 mm Hg, and upon conversion to once-daily therapy, it rose to 126/89 mm Hg. With the Remler recorder, mean 24-hour blood pressure was 125/89 during the twice-daily therapy, 133/94 mm Hg during once daily therapy, and 142/99 mm Hg on the day after acute withdrawal; i.e., evaluation in all three treatment periods showed a lack of sustained control with both a wide range and high frequency of blood pressure variation. Plasma renin activity and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine did not change significantly during the study. PMID- 7016931 TI - History of clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology. AB - The purpose of the Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology is to describe the present and future functional roles of clinical pharmacists and clinical pharmacologists in drug research, professional education, and patient care. Clinical pharmacy is a relatively new professional discipline, being only about 15 years old. This new breed of pharmacists is patient rather than drug product oriented. The discipline arose out of dissatisfaction with old practice norms and the pressing need for a health professional with a comprehensive knowledge of the therapeutic use of drugs. The clinical pharmacy movement began at the University of Michigan in the early 1960s, but much of the pioneering work was done by David Burkholder, Paul Parker, and Charles Walton at the University of Kentucky in the latter part of the 1960s. Clinical pharmacology is a professional discipline that combines basic pharmacology and clinical medicine. Its development began in the early 1950s, primarily as a result of the efforts of Harry Gold. It has had a slower growth than clinical pharmacy but it has made many important contributions to our knowledge of human pharmacology and the rational use of drugs. PMID- 7016932 TI - Use of composite resin to add contour for retention of removable partial dentures. PMID- 7016933 TI - Penicillamine-associated pemphigus: is it really pemphigus? AB - Penicillamine-associated bullous eruptions share with spontaneously occurring pemphigus intraepidermal acantholysis, epidermal intercellular deposition of immunoglobulin, and circulating serum antibody against the intercellular regions of the epidermis. We report the case of a penicillamine-associated bullous eruption in which there were some of the histologic features of pemphigus, but none of the immunofluorescent features. Instead, the immunofluorescent findings of bullous pemphigoid were demonstrated. Review of the literature reveals that clinical and histologic features of penicillamine-associated bullous eruptions differ in important respects from those of spontaneously occurring pemphigus. Our report adds immunologic data to evidence that the penicillamine-associated bullous eruptions may not be the same disease as spontaneously occurring pemphigus. PMID- 7016935 TI - Pseudomembranous (antibiotic-associated) colitis. AB - We have come to understand the cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) only in the last decade. Clostridium difficile produces the intestinal dysfunction and the characteristic finding of exudative plaques on the mucosa by elaborating a toxin in the colon. This report reviews the development of our knowledge of this disease and the rapid adoption of a rational therapy once the cause was specified. C. difficile or its toxin can be cultured or isolated from the stools of 90% of the patients with PMC. This organism is almost never found in healthy people or in any other conditions except inflammatory bowel disease, where its significance is not yet known. The detection of pseudomembranes by sigmoidoscopy establishes the diagnosis. The laboratory technics that confirm the presence of C. difficile and its toxin are being incorporated into many laboratories around the country. Treatment of diagnosed PMC is relatively simple and usually completely effective. The offending antibiotic is stopped, a proper fluid and electrolyte balance maintained, and oral vancomycin begun, 125 to 500 mg four times a day. Cholestyramine can also be used as an adjunct to this regimen. Relapse can occur in patients treated with oral vancomycin, necessitating a repeat course of therapy. PMID- 7016936 TI - Donald Marion Pillsbury (1902-1980). PMID- 7016934 TI - Pemphigus. PMID- 7016938 TI - Robert R. Kierland (1910-1981). PMID- 7016937 TI - General Eisenhower's "melanoma". PMID- 7016940 TI - Esophagitis dissecans superficialis associated with pemphigus vulgaris. AB - A number of dermatologic conditions may have associated esophageal manifestations. Teleologically, this may be because both the skin and the esophagus are lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Bullous dermatoses that may produce blisters, erosions, and/or stricture of the esophagus include cicatricial pemphigoid, Hailey-Hailey disease, Darier's disease, various forms of epidermolysis bullosa, bullous pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris. Very rarely, bullous diseases may affect the esophagus in such a manner that there is a sloughing of the entire mucous membrane. The production of such an esophageal cast has been termed esophagitis dissecans superficialis. This is the second case recorded in the medical literature of pemphigus vulgaris associated with esophagitis dissecans superficialis. Additionally, this is the first case of pemphigus vulgaris in which the esophagus is demonstrated to be positive by direct immunofluorescence. PMID- 7016939 TI - Topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. A review. PMID- 7016941 TI - Bullous pemphigoid and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7016942 TI - Prurigo: a clinical review. PMID- 7016943 TI - Frank Hellier. PMID- 7016944 TI - Determination of stress patterns in root-filled teeth incorporating various dowel designs. AB - A theoretical investigation has utilized the finite element technique to analyze mechanical stress patterns in a reconstructed maxillary central incisor. A series of designs for endodontic dowel posts incorporated into prosthesis has been comparatively evaluated. For the load condition considered, the results show that minor changes in the stress patterns are produced by the post diameter, length, and taper variations considered. 1. In general, larger post diameters decrease the maximum stresses for both the cylindrical and tapered designs. Variation of diameters over a 15% range produced stress variations of about 8%. 2. The effect of post length on the highest stresses in bending was less than the diameter changes. The real effect of the length changes was to change the location of the stress concentrations that occurred at the post apex in all cases. 3. The effect of taper was found to be slight if the local tapered-post diameter was comparable to the cylindrical post diameter in the high-stress region. 4. For the load considered in this study, the tapered-post design experienced slightly higher tensile and slightly lower shear stresses than the cylindrical post. 5. Using the peak stresses in the dentin and at the dentin-post interface as a criterion, the cylindrical post with the largest diameter is the best design among those examined. PMID- 7016945 TI - The influence of mineralizing solutions on the bonding of composite restorations to dentin. Cyanoacrylate pre-treatment. PMID- 7016946 TI - the influence of mineralizing solutions on the bonding of composite restorations to dentin: pre-treatment with N-phenylglycine-glycidyl methacrylate adduct. PMID- 7016947 TI - Induced osteogenesis in the repair of experimental mandibular defects in rats. AB - In order to investigate the repair of mandibular defects, we have devised a nonhealing model in the ramus of the rat mandible. The large full thickness defects, devoid of periosteum, were filled with demineralized bone powder (DBP), lyophilized bone chips, and un-demineralized bone powder (BP) or were irrigated with Ringer's lactate. Healing was judged by gross and histologic examination and by incorporation fo 45 calcium into hydropyapatite. DBP produced more rapid and complete healing than did BP or lyophilized chips. DBP did not undergo appreciable resorption prior to bone formation and was a more potent osteogenic stimulus than was BP or lyophilized chips. PMID- 7016948 TI - Dictionaries and the literate minority. PMID- 7016949 TI - Medicine in History. Dryden on the doctors and the death of Charles II. PMID- 7016950 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. PMID- 7016951 TI - A simple technique for producing moderately sized mesh grafts. PMID- 7016953 TI - A new procedure for venting a reflectionless tube. PMID- 7016952 TI - [Relation between freezing temperature and the viability of lyophilized bacteria]. PMID- 7016954 TI - Nursing--the next 100 years. AB - This paper sets the scene for future patterns of nursing and nursing education and traces the ways in which the nursing profession has reached the present position. It illustrates the development of nursing over the past 100 years, and examines the key influences which have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, nursing, namely: the Government, the Law and the State; wars and disasters; scientific and technological advances; and people. No attempt has been made to predict or to crystal-gaze, yet the emphasis is firmly placed on the need to plan, to think and to recognize the trends that may determine the future of nursing. Research and education are seen as the tools that will enable nurses to adapt their function to the changing needs of society, whilst preserving the essential or central role of caring. The tapestry--the pattern or web of social relationships, that formed the professional nurse in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, and in the first and second World Wars--presents an unfinished canvas. The present generation of nurses are responsible for continuing to develop that tapestry for future decades, within the framework of the changing social scene of the present day. PMID- 7016955 TI - Telescopic therapy. PMID- 7016956 TI - The presidents. Charles Richard Butler, 1888-1889. PMID- 7016958 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 7016957 TI - A look ahead: technological research. PMID- 7016959 TI - Plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II in sodium-restricted elderly subjects with essential hypertension. AB - The plasma aldosterone (PA) response to sodium restriction (25 mEq daily for 4 days) and to graded infusions of angiotensin II (AII, 2, 4 and 8 ng/kg/min each for 30 min) during a low-sodium intake were studied in 15 elderly subjects with mild essential hypertension versus 10 elderly normotensive subjects. The PA response to sodium restriction relative to changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated by the ratio of PA increment to PRA increment after sodium restriction (delta PA/delta PRA). THe PA response to graded AII infusions was determined by the increment of PA above the basal level after each dose of AII. In 10 of the 15 elderly hypertensive subjects whose PRAs responded normally to sodium restriction, the delta PA/delta PRA ratios and PA increments during the graded AII infusions were similar to those in the elderly normotensive subjects. However, in the remaining 5 elderly hypertensive subjects whose PRAs responded subnormally to sodium restriction, the delta PA/delta PRA ratios were high and the PA increments greater during the graded AII infusions. THe increments of mean blood pressure during the graded AII infusions were similar in the foregoing 10 of 15 hypertensive subjects, and significantly greater during the AII infusion rates of 4 and 8 ng/kg/min in the remaining 5 hypertensive subjects when compared with those in the normotensive subjects. Apparently some subjects with essential hypertension, whose PRAs response subnormally to sodium restriction, have an abnormally enhanced adrenal responsiveness to AII under the conditions of low sodium intake. PMID- 7016961 TI - Immune evaluation of renal patients. PMID- 7016960 TI - The pneumatic tourniquet in extremity surgery. PMID- 7016962 TI - Paid home dialysis aides--an ideology. PMID- 7016963 TI - [Choriocapillaris occlusion in Moschowitz's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of choriocapillaris occlusion in Moschowitz's disease were examined. The first case was seen at the acute stage with severe findings including retinal detachment, yellowish spots, dye leakage in the subretinal space. Pathology examination revealed multiples choriocapillaris occlusions and foci of pigmentary epithelial necrosis. The second case was seen at the sequelar stage, with numerous Elschnig's spots well documented by angiography. Relationship between angiographic and pathologic findings are discussed, and emphasize the various kinds of blood retinal barrier rupture at the level of pigmentary epithelium. PMID- 7016964 TI - [Paralysis of the IIIrd cranial nerve. Pain and its value in the differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen cases of paralysis of the IIIrd cranial nerve are studied, 9 of which were of ischemic origin (diabetes, hypertension or arteriosclerosis), and 9 secondary to aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery. Seven patients from the first group and all of the second suffered from headaches. This study deals essentially with the associated painful symptom, its localisation, its nature and its value in the differential diagnosis of the two conditions. PMID- 7016965 TI - Effects of steroids on wound healing: a review of the literature. AB - Since some podiatric surgeons are using glucocorticosteroids to minimize postoperative edema and pain associated with traumatic procedures, the effects on wound healing should be understood as much as possible so that maximum results can be achieved with minimal risk to the patient. Considerable animal and human research has been done on the potential wound-healing effects of glucocorticosteroids. Current studies indicate a detrimental wound-healing effect with the use of glucocorticosteroids. Increased infection will also be discussed. PMID- 7016967 TI - Effect of indomethacin on urinary kallikrein excretion in Bartter's syndrome of the adult. AB - An elevated urinary kallikrein excretion was found in 3 out of 4 adult patients with Bartter's syndrome. After prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by indomethacin, serum potassium levels rose, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion decreased. Urinary kallikrein excretion was reduced to within normal range in all patients. The fall of urinary kallikrein excretion after indomethacin may be partly due to plasma potassium and aldosterone variations, but more likely it is dependent on the reduced prostaglandin synthesis. These results support the hypothesis that renal prostaglandins activate renal kallikrein-kinin system, hence inducing an increase of renal blood flow, diuresis and natriuresis. PMID- 7016966 TI - Plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucagon in liver cirrhosis. AB - Plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide and glucagon were assayed in 16 patients with liver cirrhosis and 9 control subjects after an oral glucose load (OGTT). Nine of the cirrhotics showed glucose intolerance, the remaining 7 cases showed normal OGTT. Both groups of cirrhotics showed high IRI and C-peptide values in basal conditions; peaks of these parameters, higher than those observed in the control subjects, were found during the OGTT. The C peptide/IRI ratio, which was lower than normal both during fasting and after glucose load, presented the lowest values in patients with normal OGTT. In the conditions adopted for this study, glucagon showed higher plasma levels in all the cirrhotics studied than those found in the controls, but the highest levels were found in patients with normal OGTT. It can be concluded that the high levels of insulin found in liver cirrhosis are due to a beta-pancreatic hypersecretion (high C-peptide levels) but are also maintained by a decreased hepatic degradation of the hormone (C-peptide/IRI ratio below normal). Hyperglucagonemia is not the chief factor in determining the insulin-resistance observed in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7016968 TI - Changes in pituitary LHRH incorporation during the rat estrous cycle, and in rats made anovulatory by various experimental procedures. AB - Variations in anterior pituitary incorporation of LHRH in various experimental conditions have been investigated by administering tritiated LHRH. The pretreatment of animals with unlabelled LHRH significantly decreased the isotope incorporation in the pituitary gland. On the other hand, the incorporating capacity of the glands appeared to significantly change in relation to the different phases of the estrous cycle, the higher grade of radioactivity being detectable during the diestrous and proestrous phases. However, the amount of 3H LHRH incorporated in the pituitary gland of rats bearing different types of constant estrous-anovulatory syndrome did not present significant variations in relation to the procedures employed in sterilization. Only rats neonatally androgenized with 1250 micrograms testosterone propionate showed a marked decrease of the incorporating capacity of the pituitary. One can conclude that the variations in pituitary responsiveness previously demonstrated among rats with the same anovulatory states are independent of LHRH incorporating capacity of the pituitary. PMID- 7016969 TI - Glucagon and carbohydrate disorder in a totally pancreatectomized man (a study with the aid of an artificial endocrine pancreas). AB - The effect of insulin withdrawal and exogenous glucagon infusion upon blood glucose concentration was investigated in a totally pancreatectomized patient with the aid of an artificial endocrine pancreas. Blood glucose remained unchanged at about 100 mg/100 ml, when insulin infusion was stopped, but rose up to 300 mg/100 ml, during a 12-h period of exogenous glucagon infusion at a rate of 3 ng/kg/min. Fractionation of whole plasma on Bio Gel P-30 revealed no immunoreactive glucagon in the region of true glucagon. This study seems to reinforce the hypothesis that true glucagon is essential in the fasting condition at least in the short term to produce hyperglycemia in insulin deprived diabetics. PMID- 7016970 TI - Limited wrist arthrodesis. Part II: Intercarpal and radiocarpal combinations. AB - Fusion of selected bones of the carpus, occasionally combined with the radius or metacarpal bases, has been used to treat a wide variety of serious pathologic conditions of the wrist. Indications include severe localized degenerative arthritis and posttraumatic changes secondary to subluxation, dislocation, or residual instability resulting in significant pain. The procedure was performed on 28 wrists in 26 patients. There were three failures to obtain union initially, two of which united after secondary grafting procedures. All patients had less pain and most had functional, though limited, ranges of wrist motion. Limited wrist arthrodesis provides a workable alternative to complete wrist fusion and Silastic wrist arthroplasty for many wrists with localized destruction. PMID- 7016971 TI - Late results with local bone graft donor sites in hand surgery. AB - In 124 reconstructive hand procedures requiring bone grafts, the hand and forearm were used exclusively as a donor site for autologous cortical and cancellous bone. In 78 cases, the bone was obtained from the distal radius; in 19 it was obtained from the proximal ulna; and in the remaining 27 it was obtained from the metacarpals, carpals, and phalanges. The graft size composition, and the age of the patient determined the donor site. The bone grafts were ample in size to provide good structural support and osteogenic stimulation. After an average follow-up period of 22 months, there were no donor site complications. These findings establish that the local bone graft donor site provides sufficient bone and is clinically safe for use in most procedures in reconstructive hand surgery. PMID- 7016972 TI - Arthrodesis of the wrist-complications and their management. AB - This report confirms the concept previously established in the literature tha arthrodesis of the wrist is a technically demanding procedure witha significant incidence of postoperative complications. A series of 31 patients is presented in whom wrist arthrodesis was performed using three separate types of operative techniques, with emphasis on postoperative morbidity and complications. Major complications included: pseudarthrosis (six patients), deep wound infection (one patient), neuroma (one patient), fracture of healed fusion (two patients), and impingement of Steinmann pin on metacarpophalangeal joint (one patient). Minor complications occurred in 13 patients, with transient nerve palsy (four patients) and superficial skin necrosis (five patients) accounting for the majority. A technique is described for treating pseudarthrosis following fusion, which has been used successfully in four patients. In each case, an autogenous bone graft was taken from the ipsilateral proximal ulna, thus obviating the need for a second iliac bone graft. PMID- 7016973 TI - Treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome with Bentyl (dicyclomine hydrochloride). AB - The effectiveness of Bentyl (dicyclomine hydrochloride) 40 mg 4 times daily was evaluated in an ambulatory population with recent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). During the 2-week double-blind study, the effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride compared to placebo were assesed by: 1) physicians' global evaluation of treatment, 2) patients' self-evaluation of treatment, and 3) patients' evaluation of duration of abdominal pain. It was concluded that over a 2-week period dicyclomine hydrochloride 40 mg 4 times a day is superior to placebo in improving the overall condition of the patient, decreasing abdominal pain, decreasing abdominal tenderness, and improving bowel habits. The majority of adverse effects reported were related to the anti-cholinergic activity of the drug. PMID- 7016974 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: an effective treatment. PMID- 7016975 TI - Freud and the problem of sexuality. PMID- 7016976 TI - Interpretations of Freud's Jewishness, 1924-1974. AB - During the first fifty years of historical and biographical commentary on Freud and the origins of psychoanalysis there were three periods of interpretation of Freud's Jewishness. During the first period, extending from the mid-1920s until the 1950s, it was widely assumed, following the works of Wittels, that Freud was essentially Viennese, that his Jewishness was at most incidental. During the second period, extending until the late 1960s, Freud was believed by some, following Bakan, to be essentially Jewish, and to have concealed that important aspect of his life intentionally. During the most recent period, and especially in the early 1970s, psychoanalysis was interpreted as a compromise wrought by Freud to meet the conflicting demands of secular German and scientific modernity and Jewish and other traditions. PMID- 7016977 TI - A novel immunocytochemical model system for specificity and sensitivity screening of antisera against multiple antigens. AB - A novel, convenient immunocytochemical model system that allows simultaneous testing of multiple peptides and peptide fragments is presented. Screening of antisera for specificity and sensitivity and ready detection of multiple antibody subpopulations is possible with this system. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, a threshold sensitivity of 100 pg of peptide was attained with the best antisera available. Routine screenings of antisera employ amounts of peptides corresponding to 1.8--180 pmol--concentrations about a thousandfold lower than those used for absorption controls. Because of the minute amounts of antigens needed, specificity screening against rare or costly antigens now becomes feasible. PMID- 7016978 TI - Proteinases in cell physiology and pathology. PMID- 7016979 TI - Proteinases and demyelination. PMID- 7016981 TI - Demonstration of membrane-bound proteolytic activity on the surface of mononuclear leukocytes. AB - The existence of proteolytic enzymes bound to the surface of migrating cells has often been surmised. That such enzymes are present on mononuclear leukocytes was suggested by studies showing that serum amyloid A (SAA), the presumed precursor of amyloid protein A, is degraded in the presence of monocytes without endocytosis and with only negligible activity in the cells' supernates. Experiments using immunofluorescence were designed to support this view. It was shown that SAA binds to the cells' surface at low temperatures, whereas binding at 37 degrees C could only be demonstrated when the cells were pretreated with the serine protease inhibitor, diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP) or the elastase inhibitor Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl. Exposure of the cells to these inhibitors before incubation with SAA at 0 degrees C permitted detection of the protein for an indefinite period of time. At 37 degrees C the DFP-treated cells polarized and eventually lost the surface-bound protein. No interiorized SAA could be demonstrated. Radioautography of cells that had been treated with 3H-DFP revealed grains on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of sectioned monocytes, whereas only 8-15% of lymphocytes were labeled. In lymphocytes radioactivity was restricted to the surface membrane. Additional experiments showed that alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity is also located on the surface of monocytes and a subpopulation of lymphocytes. These observations have led to the conclusion that some functions of mononuclear leukocytes may be mediated by enzymes associated with the external surface of these cells. PMID- 7016980 TI - Lysosomes and proteolytic enzyme activities in cultured striated muscle cells. AB - Primary cell cultures prepared from chick embryonic skeletal muscle and the rat myogenic line L6 were examined morphologically and biochemically during several stages of development. The L6 cells were cultured to provide three morphologically distinct populations: prefusion, postfusion, and a subclone of cells that did not fuse even at high density. Ultrastructural studies revealed the characteristic morphology of healthy myoblasts. Acridine orange staining and cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase suggest the presence of presumptive lysosomal material. Enzymatic studies of lysosomal cathepsins B, D, H, and L revealed unusually high enzyme specific activities in these homogeneous myoblast populations. No activity was detected for the two nonlysosomal enzymes Ca2+ proteinase and serine proteinase. It is suggested that the lysosomal apparatus and its complement of enzymes play a significant role in the differentiation of muscle myotubes. PMID- 7016982 TI - A proteolytic procoagulant associated with malignant transformation. AB - There is increased deposition and lysis of fibrin in cancer, but little is known about the causes of this abnormal fibrin formation. This article reviews research on cancer procoagulant and presents some preliminary immunohistochemical studies. Cancer procoagulant was purified from a rabbit V2 carcinoma. It was a single polypeptide cysteine protease with a molecular weight of 68,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 4.8-4.9. It initiates coagulation by directly activating factor X within the coagulation cascade. Its physical, chemical, and enzymatic properties distinguish it from serine proteases within the coagulation cascade and suggest that it is a protein from neoplastic cells. To determine whether cancer procoagulant was unique to the malignant state, procoagulant activity was assayed in extracts of normal and malignant tissue and serum-free medium from normal and transformed fibroblasts. Normal tissue and cells had procoagulant activity with characteristics similar to tissue factor, while malignant tissue and transformed cells had a procoagulant with the characteristics of cancer procoagulant, suggesting that cancer procoagulant is unique to the malignant state. An antibody to cancer procoagulant was used for horseradish peroxidase immunohistochemical staining fo cultured rabbit V2 carcinoma cells. These preliminary results support the concept that malignant cells produce the cancer procoagulant antigen. PMID- 7016983 TI - Investigation of proteinases in the digestive tract using 4-methoxy-2 naphthylamine (MNA) substrates. AB - Aminopeptidase (AP) A, B, and M, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), endopeptidase I and II, membrane-associated endopeptidase I and II, dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAP) I, II, and IV, trypsin and chymotrypsin were investigated with 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (MNA) substrates and ester proteinases with n-acetyl-L-methionine-1-naphthylester as substrate in the digestive tract of laboratory rodents. Biochemically, proteinases and ester proteinases show different activities in the salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum jejunum, ileum, and colon; sex differences in proteinase and ester proteinase activity were measured, especially in the submandibular gland of rats and mice. Histochemically these enzymes are preferentially localized in surface membranes, lysosomes, secretion granules, and Golgi apparatus of cells of the endocrine and exocrine secretory system, resorptive system and immune system of the digestive tract. Besides the general occurrence of lysosomal (DAP I and II, single cell types and functional units of these systems possess their own individual proteinase and ester proteinase equipment. The cells of the granulated tubules of rat and mouse submandibular gland contain endopeptidase I and ester proteinases, its acinar cells DAP IV, the chief cells of the stomach APA, enteroendocrine cells APA, APM, and DAP II, hepatocytes DAP IV or GGT and DAP IV, lymphocytes GGT and DAP IV, and enterocytes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and membrane-associated endopeptidase I and II. Sex differences in proteinase activity are most conspicuous in the granulated tubule cells of the rat and mouse submandibular gland. The data suggest that proteinases and ester proteinases are involved in specific functions of the cells of the digestive tract. Furthermore, myoepithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of the muscular layer of the stomach and intestine, connective tissue cells (including mast cells) and fibers, nerve cells of the myenteric plexus and the capillary bed of the digestive organs are equipped with some of these proteinases and with ester proteinases and show organ differences. PMID- 7016984 TI - Proteinases in pathology. Usefulness of histochemical methods. AB - The usefulness of optimized and newly elaborated histochemical methods for proteinases is illustrated on two selected substances. DAP IV (Gly-Pro-MNA,FBB,pH 7.2) was discovered in 39% and DAP II (Lys-Ala-MNA,FBB,pH 5.5) in 60% of the lymphocytes of human peripheral blood (ly). The reaction product of such ly differs in quality and quantity. On the ultrastructural level, the reaction product of DAP IV (Gly-Pro-MNA,HNF) was found in cell membranes and lysosomes. Enzyme activity in other areas was probably suppressed during the preparation procedure. Although the number of ly revealed with Lys-Pro-MNA and Phe-Pro-MNA at pH 5.5 and with Lys-Pro-MNA at pH 7.2 is high, these substrates do not distinctly discriminate DAP IV and DAP II. DAP IV occurs exclusively in T lymphocytes. The number of DAP IV-positive ly was not decreased in patients with myelofibrosis, plasmacytoma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, or tricholeukemia. It was, however, greatly reduced in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL). In patients with malignant lymphomas other than CLL, ly presence is related to the stage of the disease. Decreased values indicate a more severe stage or a relapse. In the majority of patients with gastric cancer DAP IV-positive ly were decreased. They were normal or increased in patients with peptic ulcer. The assessment of the number of DAP IV-positive ly is a simple method that provides information regarding the condition of patients with malignant lymphomas and gastric carcinoma. Neutrophilic leukocytes and their precursors, and to a lesser extent monocytes, are revealed when N-acetyl-Met-I-naphthyl ester (Ac-Met-N) is used as substrate. Membrane-bound lysosomal and cytosol proteinases were investigated together with disaccharidases in jejunal biopsies of patients with malabsorption syndrome. Activities of all enzymes were affected in patients with celiac disease. According to their impairment enzymes could be arranged: Lactase(L). trehalase (T), brush border endopeptidase (BBEP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), DAP IV, enzyme(s) cleaving Ac-Mer-N, aminopeptidase A, cytosol peptidases and aminopeptidase M. In the propria, DAP IV is decreased or absent, while GGT and, particularly, DAP II are increased. After a gluten-free diet, activities are restored in a reverse order. BBEP and GGT are useful as auxiliary parameters in the assessment of the damage or differentiation degree of enterocytes. DAP IV is a sensitive indicator of the involvement of the propria. PMID- 7016985 TI - Aspects of the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badgers and cattle. I. The prevalence of infection in two wild animal populations in south-west England. AB - The prevalence of infections caused by Mycobacterium bovis was estimated in two populations of wild animals in the south west of England. A variety of mammalian species was trapped on farm land where incidents of infection with tuberculosis had occurred in cattle. Bacteriological analysis of lymph node samples and lesions showed that the only animals acting as a reservoir for M. bovis were badgers. Examination of arthropod ectoparasites of infected badgers proved negative for M. bovis and suggests that these are unlikely to act as vectors in transmission of the disease. PMID- 7016986 TI - Aspects of the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badgers and cattle. II. The development and use of a typing system for Mycobacterium bovis. AB - A relatively simple method for the detection of intra-specific variation of Mycobacterium bovis is described, based on the ability of strains to utilize or remove amino acids from solution. Using the method, 31 strains of M. bovis, isolated badgers and cattle, have been divided in to four major groups with some additional sub-groups and intermediate strains. Preliminary results suggest that the biotypes observed are relatively stable. The method was used in the investigation of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Gloucestershire where badgers were implicated as a source of infection. The results suggested that transmission of infection had occurred on at least two or three separate occasions. It is suggested that the method could be used in studying the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in wild animals, cattle and man. PMID- 7016987 TI - Salmonellae isolated from domestic meat waste. AB - During 1977 and 1978, 172 samples from 14 batches of domestic meat waste were examined for the presence of salmonellae. Each batch was derived from the domestic refuse collected from approximately 120 houses. Thirty-five strains of ten salmonella serotypes were isolated from 32 samples from 8 batches. The probable origin of these serotypes and their significance when domestic waste is exposed to predation by birds and animals on refuse tips is discussed. PMID- 7016988 TI - Streptococcal antibodies in patients with burn injuries. AB - Serum samples from 14 patients whose burns had become infected with streptococci of groups A (11 patients), C (one patient) or G (two patients), and from 19 burned patients without bacteriological evidence of streptococcal infection were examined for anti-streptococcal antibodies. Tests were made for anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase (AH), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNAase B) and antibody against M-associated protein (MAP). Sera from the patients with streptococcal infections were also examined, when this was practicable, for 'bactericidal' (anti-M) antibody and for antibody against the opacity factor (OF) of the infecting serotype. In patients infected with group A streptococci, the ASO response was generally poor, except in patients infected with strains of type T12/M12, and the AH response was rather similar, but most of the patients gave a rapid and vigorous anti-DNAase B response, except when the burn was small or colonization occurred very late. Antibody to the M and MAP antigens, and to OF (when the infecting strain formed this), was weak and transient, or absent, except in three of four patients infected with streptococci of type T12/M12. PMID- 7016989 TI - Infection with influenza A/Victoria virus in Houston families, 1976. AB - In 1976, an epidemic caused by infections with an influenza virus antigenically similar to A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) occurred in Houston, Texas. During this outbreak, 37 families (155 members) enrolled in the Houston Family Study were under observation. The families lived throughout the metropolitan area (Houston, Texas), and were representative of low income groups. The overall frequency of infection in family members was 27.7%. The frequency of infection was the highest for infants under one year of age and for their older siblings, 14 (37.8%) of 37 and 17 (33.3%) of 51, respectively. Eighteen (48.6%) of the 37 families had at least one infected member. Twelve of the 18 'infected' families had school aged children, whereas only three of the 19 'non-infected' families had school aged children (P less than 0.01). These infected families were also larger and had increased household density (persons/rooms). The levels of pre-existing HI antibodies to A/Victoria/75 and A/Port Chalmers/73 were inversely related to frequencies of infection and illness associated with A/Victoria/75 virus. Three children required hospitalization as direct consequence of their infection with this H3N2 influenza virus. Antibody response to infection was related to previous experience with antigenically-related influenza A (H3N2) viruses according to Francis', 'doctrine of original antigenic sin.' PMID- 7016990 TI - Experimental infection of Rhesus monkeys with a human strain of Campylobacter jejuni. AB - Young Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected orally with a human strain of Campylobacter jejuni. The disease induced was mild, with inappetence and diarrhoea of short duration, but prolonged intermittent excretion of the bacteria in the faeces occurred. Bacteraemia was generally present for 2--3 days and later the organisms localized in the liver and gall bladder. Recovered animals, when challenged with the same strain, showed no clinical symptoms, no bacteraemia, and excreted the organisms in the faeces for only 3 days. PMID- 7016992 TI - Early dominance of irradiated host cells in the responder profiles of thymocytes from P leads to F1 radiation chimeras. AB - The number of cells in the thymus of [k leads to (b X k)F1] radiation (100 rad) chimeras increases approximately 10-fold between 7 and 14 days after reconstitution with bone marrow. At least 50% of the cells in thymus on day 14 are of host origin and respond to virus presented in the context of both H-2k and H-2b when primed in irradiated, virus-infected (b X k)F1 recipients. Strong CTL responses can be generated from thymocytes of donor origin on day 21. All evidence of a significant host thymocyte component has disappeared by day 28. The responsiveness of 14-day thymocytes is not abrogated by pretreatment of the mice used to make the chimeras with anti-thymocyte serum or by using doses of irradiation as high as 1200 rads to eliminate host components. PMID- 7016991 TI - Colony incompatibility studies among New Zealand and Australian isolates of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 179. AB - Recent New Zealand and Australian isolates of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 179 were studied for relatedness by colony incompatibility. This established that all but one strain of the New Zealand groups probably formed a clone despite carrying a variety of plasmids. The Australian strains showed a far greater diversity. This study demonstrates the epidemiological usefulness of the colony incompatibility reactions. PMID- 7016993 TI - Immune memory to a nonmitogenic, thymic independent antigen in mice: variation among inbred strains and possible relationship to oncogenesis. AB - Immune memory to DNP-Ficoll, a nonmitogenic, thymic-independent (TI-2) antigen, was demonstrated in several inbred strains of mice. Direct and indirect splenic plaque-forming cell responses were measured in mice given a secondary challenge with DNP-Ficoll and in appropriate control mice. Strong IgM memory, but no IgG memory, was observed in SJL/J, AKR/J, and C58/J mice. C57L/J mice gave both a strong IgM memory response and a relatively strong IgG memory response to DNP Ficoll. C57BL/6N, C57BR/cdJ, and A/HeJ mice were unable to mount significant IgM or IgG memory responses to this antigen under an identical immunization schedule. These results are indicative of marked genetic variation in mice in the capacity for B memory cell expression. They also identify a provocative but unexplained association between positive IgM memory responses to DNP-Ficoll in SJL/J, AKR/J, and C58/J mice and a propensity to develop lymphoreticular neoplasia. This association is observed when there is no clear evidence for IgG memory. PMID- 7016994 TI - Control of latent allotype expression by rabbit splenocytes. AB - Serologic and chemical studies have suggested that immunoglobulin structural genes are under nonallelic genetic control. The transient appearance of unexpected (i.e., latent) allotypes in serum further suggests that cellular control mechanisms may be operative. We report here the results of our efforts to induce the expression of latent allotypes by cultured rabbit splenocytes. The protein A plaque assay facilitated with various anti-allotypic antisera was used to enumerate allotype-specific plaque-forming cells. When splenocytes from a b4 b4 rabbit are cultured in the presence of anti-b4 alloantisera, the number of b4 PFC (i.e., nominal) is suppressed and the number of PFC expressing the latent allotype is increased. The specificity of the induced latent PFC is dependent upon the source and allotypic mosaic of the antiserum added to the cultures. Our results suggest that lymphocytes committed to latent allotypes are normally suppressed. Activation by the appropriate alloantiserum directed against the nominal allotype may relieve a cell-mediated suppressive mechanism. PMID- 7016996 TI - Immunostimulatory factors specifically associated with a spontaneously regressing tumor subline of the murine leukemia L1210. PMID- 7016995 TI - Mechanism of action of macrophage-derived suppressor factor produced by soluble immune response suppressor-treated macrophages. AB - After a 2-hr incubation with soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), a product of concanavalin A-activated murine T cells, macrophages release a factor, M phi derived suppressor factor (M phi-SF), which nonspecifically suppresses immune responses in vitro. The mechanism(s) of action of M phi-SF and range of cell types affected by M phi-SF have been investigated. M phi-SF suppressed antibody responses to background levels if added at culture initiation and by 80 to 90% if added as late as 2 hr before assay. Primary and secondary IgM and IgG antibody responses, proliferative responses to T cell and B cell mitogens, antibody and protein secretion, and the division of several tumor cell lines in culture were inhibited by M phi-SF. Division of synchronized tumor cells was inhibited when M phi-SF was added at any point prior to and during mitosis; this inhibition could be reversed with 2-mercaptoethanol. In the presence of M phi-SF, asynchronous tumor cells accumulated in the cell cycle just prior to cell division and could be released into mitosis by 2-mercaptoethanol. These data indicate that M phi-SF inhibits cell division by causing a block at or in mitosis and suggest that M phi SF may be a general inhibitor of cellular proliferation and possibly of protein secretion. PMID- 7016997 TI - Immunogenicity and characterization of supernatant DNA released by murine spleen cells. AB - The cellfree supernatant from cultured splenocytes contains an immunogenic molecule capable of inducing anti-DNA antibodies in vitro and in vivo in young preautoimmune NZB/W and some normal mouse strains. The response to this supernatant material does not reflect polyclonal activation, and the molecule responsible for its immunogenic activity appears to be a relatively small (approximately 150 base pairs) DNA molecule, predominantly (75 to 80%) double stranded with tail-end single-strand regions. It does not appear to contain any unusual secondary structure. This immunogenic DNA molecule can be recovered from cultures of some normal as well as young B/W mice. It contains no observable protein moiety, and after phenol-chloroform extraction, the immunogenic DNA migrates on polyacrylamide and agarose gels as a relatively narrow homogeneous band. The anti-DNA antibody response detected in the serum of mice after injection of this DNA molecule appears to have its greatest affinity for the homologous DNA and for undenatured calf thymus DNA. Unique base sequences do not appear to be responsible for its immunogenic effects. Rather, this may depend on its relatively small size, since calf thymus DNA sheared to a similar size and also found incapable of digestion with restriction endonucleases had a similar immunogenic effect. PMID- 7016998 TI - Transfer plate radioassay using adsorbed anti-insulin antibody to detect insulin secreted by islet cell cultures. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of insulin synthesized by islet cell clones is described. This assay employs anti-insulin antibody adsorbed onto fenestrated polyvinyl chloride 96-well plates ('transfer plates'). The calibrated aperture in the bottom of each transfer plate well permits fluid to enter the wells when transfer plates are lowered into microculture wells containing insulin. With this assay it is possible to rapidly screen hundreds of islet cell cultures for insulin production. We have used this assay to facilitate cloning of the RIN rat insulinoma cell line. The assay readily detects insulin synthesis by RIN cells and [125I]insulin is not displayed by culture medium from cells which do not produce insulin. The transfer plate format should be applicable to semiautomate other radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7016999 TI - A simple plaque assay method for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using Cunningham's chamber. AB - An improved and simpler plaque assay method for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using Cunningham's chamber has been developed. Effector lymphocytes, target sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and anti-SRBC serum were incorporated together into a Cunningham's chamber and, immediately after making monolayers, incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 h. A hemolytic plaque of SRBC was formed around a lymphocyte in the presence of anti-SRBC serum, which was inhibited specifically by addition of aggregated IgG or Fc-fragment of human IgG in the culture. A hemolytic plaque formed around a monocyte-like cell was clearly differentiated from those around a lymphocyte (K-cell). The percentage of plaques in the purified lymphocytes from healthy individuals correlated significantly with ADCC activity measured by 51Cr-release. The method is a significant improvement on the earlier plaque assay methods with regard to: (1) making the monolayer, (2) observation and counting of plaques, and (3) shortening the time required for assay. Thus, the method should be valuable for clinical studies of cytotoxic activity in ADCC systems in healthy and diseased persons. PMID- 7017000 TI - Reduction of non-specific radioactive counts in a whole blood microtiter plate assay of mitogenesis. AB - Non-specific radioactive counts retained on the glass fiber filters from a multiple automatic sample harvester were reduced markedly by 3 simple changes in the procedure for harvesting thymidine-labeled whole blood cultured from microtiter plates. These modifications increased the sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the lymphocyte transformation assay. PMID- 7017002 TI - Homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for IgG in human serum. AB - A homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for IgG has been developed. Purified IgG was covalently labeled with 6-(7-beta-galactosylcoumarin 3-carboxamido)-hexylamine to form a stable conjugate, GU-IgG. The galactosyl residue was hydrolyzed from GU-IgG by beta-galactosidase and the progress of the hydrolysis was monitored by the increase in fluorescence emission at 450 nm with excitation at 400 nm. Antibody to IgG diminished the activity of GU-IgG as a substrate for beta-galactosidase. Competitive binding immunoassays were conducted by allowing added IgG and GU-IgG to compete for a limited number of antibody binding sites. Hence, the fluorescence produced by enzymic hydrolysis increased with the level of added IgG. This method provides a simple and reliable immunoassay for IgG and is applicable to other proteins. PMID- 7017001 TI - Succinylation of hapten-protein conjugates facilitates coupling to erythrocytes by water soluble carbodiimide: preparation of stable and sensitive target cells for use in hemolytic assays. AB - A facile method is described for the preparation of haptenated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for use as targets in hemolytic spot and plaque assays for the detection of anti-hapten antibody. The method involves the use of the water soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI) as a reagent to couple hapten-succinyl-rabbit serum albumin conjugates to SRBC. The presence of the succinyl groups on such conjugates is shown to increase the efficacy of the resulting target cells, presumably by acting as a substrate for the EDCI and thus increasing the extent of coupling to SRBC. PMID- 7017003 TI - MRSPAH: a simple microtitre plate test for rheumatoid factors of different classes. AB - A simple and inexpensive microtitre plate test (the mixed reverse (solid-phase) passive antiglobulin haemadherence test, or MRSPAH) has been developed for the measurement of antiglobulins (RFS) of different classes. Results obtained for IgM RF by this test have been compared with results of latex and Rose-Waaler (DAT) tests on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera. Levels of RFs of IgM, IgG and IgA classes have been measured by MRSPAH using rabbit IgG as antigen in RAs and normal people. 94% of RA sera tested were above the upper limit of normal for IgM and/or IgA RF. There was a considerable overlap between IgG RF levels in RAs and normals, although the means of the two groups were significantly different. PMID- 7017004 TI - Sephadex G-10 columns do not retain selectively T or B lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The passage through Sephadex G-10 columns of lymphocytes prepared from different lymphoid compartments of man, guinea pig and rabbit, did not result in a selective loss of lymphocyte subsets, as assessed by various rosetting assays. This lack of T and B lymphocyte loss was seen irrespective of whether glass beads or a fine mesh net was used as a support for the Sephadex G-10 column. PMID- 7017005 TI - Development of a protein A enzyme immunoassay for use in screening hybridomas. AB - A protein A enzyme immunoassay has been developed which is effective in the rapid screening of hybridomas. The detecting reagent is a stable alkaline phosphatase protein A conjugate, prepared by a simple, inexpensive, single-step procedure. The assay requires small amounts of antigen to coat microtiter wells (less than 25 microgram/well) and can be evaluated visually or with a spectrophotometer. It compares favorably in sensitivity to a protein A-radioimmunoassay and enjoys considerably lower backgrounds than that popular screening procedure. PMID- 7017006 TI - Thermal gradients in microtitration plates. Effects on enzyme-linked immunoassay. AB - Temperature studies of microtitration plates demonstrate that the use of a common bacteriology incubator for heating the plates can cause a phase log of over 30 min for the fluid in the wells to reach 37 degrees C from ambient temperature, and that a temperature gradient of as much as 1.6 degree C can exist between the peripheral and center wells. This gradient is a cause of the "rim" of edge effect noted in enzyme immunoassay using microtitration plates. The problem is corrected by the use of a specially designed forced air microtitration plate incubator. PMID- 7017007 TI - Museum notes. PMID- 7017008 TI - There's a doctor in the library. The story of John Shaw Billings, M.D. (1838 1913). PMID- 7017009 TI - Root amputation of a bridge abutment. PMID- 7017010 TI - [Use of data processing cards for information retrieval from medical documents. Case reports, bibliographic references, series of observations (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have given pride of place to an old system, punched cards selectors, which are fairly inexpensive to run, and are very flexible in their use. Each card has a part reserved for identification purposes (a case report number or a dated reference to an indexed list of articles) and another part for identification of a certain number of key-words with their corresponding numerical codings, which are also listed in a thesaurus. These key-words serve both for classifying case reports from each department, and for the bibliographic reference cards. When a series of cases are being studied. However, a new thesaurus has to be established during the course of the study. The 960 possible perforations on the international IBM card are largely sufficient as the number of key-words (case reports or bibliographic card-index codings) is not more than 700 and it is unusual to require more than 900 items during the course of a study. The authors find this system very satisfactory and no longer use large computers. PMID- 7017011 TI - Some biochemical properties of pemphigoid antigen bound to the surface of dissociated epidermal basal cells. AB - Bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP Ag) is a cell surface marker of epidermal basal cells. The functional role of this molecule is unknown. Epidermal cell suspensions obtained by trypsinization of skin show a population of epidermal basal cells with a polar rim of antigen as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. This study shows that treatment of these cells suspensions with a variety of proteolytic and glycosidic enzymes failed to remove the antigen from these basal cells. BP Ag was also stable upon incubation with distilled water, Triton X-100, PBS, and 1 M NaCl. Treatment of epidermal basal cells with 2 N NaSCN, 1% periodic acid, and 4 M urea, as well as acidic pH or 56 degrees C temperature, abolished the reactivity of these cells with BP antibodies. PMID- 7017012 TI - Skin calcium binding protein is localized in the cytoplasm of the basal layer of the epidermis. AB - Using a serum raised in rabbits against a calcium binding protein extracted from rat skin, the cutaneous localization of this protein was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. The skin calcium binding immunoreactivity was found in the epidermis but not in the dermis; it was localized in the cytoplasm of the basal cell layer of both skin and malpighian mucosa. There was not species specificity; this allowed the tracing of the protein in human epidermis as well where it was also expressed only in the basal cells. This is the first demonstration of the unique localization of a specific protein within the cytoplasm of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. This localization may help to elucidate the physiological role of this protein. PMID- 7017013 TI - Mechanisms of action of the antimycotic imidazoles. AB - The mechanism of the antifungal action of the imidazole antimycotics, miconazole ano clotrimazole, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was explored. When grown aerobically both drugs were fungistatic at low concentrations and fungicidal at high concentrations. When grown anaerobically the fungistatic effect was not seen, but killing still occurred at high concentrations. The fungistatic effect correlated with inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and elevated lanosterol/ergosterol ratios in the organisms. The fungicidal effect involved rapid membrane damage and was unrelated to the imidazole-induced block in ergosterol synthesis. These agents each have 2 distinct antifungal actions. PMID- 7017014 TI - Biology of human skin transplanted to the nude mouse: I. Response to agents which modify epidermal proliferation. AB - To accept human skin transplanted to the congenitally athymic (nude) mouse as a system to study human skin and its physiologic and pathologic states, it must be demonstrated that skin so maintained retains its function as a biologic unit. We have found that responses of grafted human skin and nude mouse skin to various agents differ. This difference in response has been utilized to assess barrier function and proliferative capacity of human skin grafts. Human skin grafts undergo a proliferative response when 10 ng of the tumor promoter, 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is applied. Nudes do not respond to this dose. Increasing the dose to 100 ng of TPA evokes a response in both. However, only in the human skin grafts can this response be blocked with betamethasone valerate (BV). In that human skin grafts do not take on their hosts' responsiveness, and the response of domestic pig skin to these agents before and after grafting is identical, the conclusion is reached that human skin appears to retain its inherent biologic unit function. The data also demonstrate some of the potential of this system to study kinetics of the epidermis of human skin. PMID- 7017015 TI - Leukocyte chemotaxis to the dermal-epidermal junction of human skin mediated by pemphigoid antibody and complement: mechanism of cell attachment in the in vitro leukocyte attachment method. PMID- 7017016 TI - Enhanced phagocytosis of group A streptococci M type 6 by oleic acid. AB - M protein, located on the surface fimbriae of group A streptococci, is antiphagocytic by unknown means. It is known that oleic acid kills group A streptococci and distorts the fimbriae. The effect of oleic acid on phagocytosis of group A streptococci was examined. Phagocytosis of a strain possessing M protein (M+) and its M- variant was assessed by uptake of radiolabeled bacteria and by chemiluminescence. The M- but not the M+ streptococci were well phagocytized and induced chemiluminescence. Oleic acid-killed and heat-killed streptococci (both M+ and M-) were readily phagocytized and induced sustained chemiluminescence. M+ streptococci killed by ultraviolet irradiation were inefficiently phagocytized and did not induce chemiluminescence. Oleic acid killed M+ streptococci absorbed type-specific antibody. An extract of M protein reduced the bactericidal capacity of oleic acid. It is proposed that oleic acid may bind to and alter the M protein of group A streptococci and thereby enhance phagocytosis. PMID- 7017017 TI - Biweekly prophylactic doxycycline for travelers' diarrhea. AB - A double-blind study to determine the efficacy of biweekly oral doxycycline in the prevention of travelers' diarrhea was conducted among 46 Peace Corps volunteers during their first six weeks in Honduras. The volunteers took either 100 mg of doxycycline per dose or a placebo for three weeks and were observed for an additional three weeks. There was no significant difference in the number of persons with travelers' diarrhea in the two groups (eight of 24 in the doxycycline group and 10 of 22 in the placebo group) in the three weeks when the drug was taken. However, significantly fewer episodes (P less than 0.05) of travelers' diarrhea occurred in the doxycycline group than in the placebo group at the end of the second, third, and fourth weeks. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was the most common pathogen identified. ETEC from 13 (62%) of 21 stool samples were resistant to doxycycline. Biweekly doxycycline was only marginally effective in preventing travelers' diarrhea and did not prevent diarrhea secondary to doxycycline-resistant ETEC. PMID- 7017018 TI - Bacteremia due to Bacteroides fragilis after elective appendectomy in renal transplant recipients. AB - Bacteremia caused by Bacteroides fragilis occurred in four of 75 children after renal transplantation, and B. fragilis was the most common cause of postoperative bacteremia. Bacteroides bacteremia was significantly associated with performance of elective appendectomy at the time of transplantation (P less than 0.01) and with profound lymphocytopenia (P = 0.01). No patient received antibiotics at the time of surgery or prior to the first positive blood culture, yet B. fragilis was the single organism isolated from blood and abscesses in these patients. A role for lymphocytes in containment of B. fragilis has not been suggested previously, although unexplained occurrence of bacteroides bacteremia in immunocompromised patients has occasionally been reported. Lymphocytes themselves may be important in this host-bacterium interaction, or lymphocytopenia may be the marker for a more generalized deficiency in host defenses. PMID- 7017019 TI - Selective antimicrobial modulation of human microbial flora: infection prevention in patients with decreased host defense mechanisms by selective elimination of potentially pathogenic bacteria. AB - To reduce the frequency and severity of bacterial infection, selective antimicrobial modulation (SAM) was applied in 39 patients with severely decreased host defense mechanisms. The objective was to eliminate potentially pathogenic aerobic microorganisms with minimal disturbance of the normal anaerobic bacterial flora. Elimination of potentially pathogenic aerobic microorganisms was easily accomplished in patients not infected at hospitalization. The anaerobic flora seemed to be undisturbed, and selection of or overgrowth with resistant microorganisms did not occur. The microbiologic results of the SAM regimen correlated with the incidence of infection. Only three major infections occurred in 23 patients who were free of potentially pathogenic microorganisms; 10 major infections occurred in 16 patients who were not free of potential pathogens. Seven of these 10 infections were present at hospitalization. The incidence of major infections was 47% in the patients on the SAM regimen and 82% in a group of control patients with a similar risk of infection. PMID- 7017020 TI - Serum levels of arabinitol in the detection of invasive candidiasis in animals and humans. AB - Arabinitol is a pentitol generated in large quantitites by several species of Candida, including Candida albicans. The level of arabinitol in the sera of infected animals and humans was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of an acetone extract of the serum. Experimentally infected mice with pyelonephritis due to C. albicans had elevated levels of arabinitol; rabbits with pyelonephritis did not have elevated levels, nor did rabbits with catheter-induce cystitis, but rabbits with endocarditis developed elevated levels of arabinitol shortly before death. A prospective study in patients clinically suspected of having invasive candidiasis failed to show elevated levels of arabinitol in most. Mice and patients not colonized or infected with yeasts but with renal failure had high serum levels of arabinitol. The data indicate that an elevated level of arabinitol in the serum of a patient without renal disease is suggestive of invasive candidiasis, but normal serum levels do not contradict the diagnosis. PMID- 7017021 TI - Host defense mechanisms against nematode parasites: destruction of newborn Trichinella spiralis larvae by human antibodies and granulocytes. AB - The capacity of human leukocytes from normal donors to kill the nematode Trichinella spiralis in vitro in the presence of serum from infected individuals and complement was studied. Eosinophils and neutrophils attached to the newborn larval stage of the parasite and exerted a cytotoxic effect manifested as complete morphologic destruction of the organism; monocytes also attached to newborn larvae but did not mediate parasite destruction. The cytotoxic effect of granulocytes was dependent on the presence of parasite stage-specific IgG antibodies that appeared within three weeks of infection; these antibodies were distinct from IgM antibodies that reacted with muscle-stage larvae. Complement did not enhance the cytotoxic effect of granulocytes. These results suggest that host defense against T. spiralis in humans is in part mediated by granulocytes and dependent on the presence of IgG antibodies that are directed against the migratory stage of the parasite. PMID- 7017022 TI - Immunologic studies of disseminated infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in the nude mouse. AB - Immunity to infection with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia was studied in the athymic nude (nu/nu) mouse. The intratracheal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes of infection were used. Nu/nu mice were not significantly more susceptible than their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates. However, only nu/+ animals could be protected by prior immunization and developed positive, A. fumigatus-specific skin tests. Protection could be transferred to nu/nu recipients by immune glass adherent cells. Thus, immunity to invasive aspergillus infection is multifactorial and depends on a glass-adherent cell population and T-cells. PMID- 7017023 TI - Ecology of ebola virus: a first clue? PMID- 7017024 TI - Highly purified insulin. PMID- 7017025 TI - [Regulation of cholesterol synthesis, as focused on the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017026 TI - [Liver regeneration and glycoprotein metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017027 TI - [Picosecond and subpicosecond spectroscopic study of the primary processes of vision and photosynthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017028 TI - [Trend in the metals used in metal bonds]. PMID- 7017029 TI - [Vaginal fungi in toxemia of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to prevent the transfer of the fungi in maternal vagina into a neonate through transvaginal delivery, we examined the presence of vaginal fungi in the patients with toxemia of pregnancy occurring chiefly from the later stages of pregnancy and made an analysis from the quantitative aspect of fungi (number of colonies produced on Mizuno-Takada medium). The results obtained are as follows: 1) The detection rate of vaginal fungi was evidently so high as 37.1% in toxemia group compared with 27.6% in non-toxemia group (p less than 0.01). And the detection rate of vaginal Candida albicans (hereinafter: C. albicans) also proved to be higher tendency in toxemia group. 2) When the toxemia patients were divided into mild cases and severe ones for comparison, the detection rate of vaginal fungi and that of vaginal C. albicans were both higher in the severe case group. Particularly in the group which had the symptoms of toxemia at the examination time of vaginal fungi there was seen the higher rate. 3) From the quantitative aspect of vaginal fungi it is evident that there were more cases with over 51 colonies in the group showing the symptoms of toxemia at the time of fungi examination than in the group showing no such symptoms at the examination and the group of non-toxemia (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7017030 TI - [An immunohistochemical study of HCG and HPL on functional differentiation of human chorionic villi (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme-labeled antibody method was used to examine the localized distribution and variation by gestation week of HCG and HPL in placenta of 44 cases. 1) HCG: Electron microscopy revealed HRP reaction products in cisterna and membrane of perinuclear spaces and endoplasmic reticulum of syncytial cell (S-cell), but not in surface of S-cell microvilli or in Langhans' cell (L-cell). HRP reaction products in S-cell were more appreciable during 5th-12th weeks of gestation in syncytial sprouts, junction of villi with decidua, and rami or ramuli chorii, and fewer after 12th weeks. 2) HPL: Electron microscopy revealed reaction products in nuclear membrane and membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, but not in surface of S-cell microvilli or L-cell. Reaction products in S-cell were noted from 8th gestation week, and most appreciably in 16th-18th gestation weeks preceding peak HPL concentration in serum. This indicates HPL exists in S-cell in the from of Pre. Pro-HPL. PMID- 7017031 TI - [Primary amenorrhea possibly due to insufficient LH-RH secretion]. PMID- 7017032 TI - [Effects of estrogen on the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in women with amenorrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017033 TI - [Maternal and child health in Japan during last 80 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017034 TI - [Regulatory mechanisms of hemodynamics in pregnant subjects: relationship between uterine and renal blood circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017035 TI - [Study on the IgE concentration of gingival fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017036 TI - [A quantitative study on phospholipids existing in periodontal pocket exudate with special reference to phosphatidylcholin, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin values (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017037 TI - [Application to dental casting machine of the rapid heating infrared image furnace (author's transl)]. AB - The authors tried to manufacture a casting machine in dentistry by application of the infrared image furnace with a high heating speed and an easy control of a heating temperature. This machine melts an alloy in a carbon crucible set in the furnace, held in the horizontal position. Then, the furnace is turned to the vertical position to drop a melted alloy on the casting mold, and the alloy is cast in the mold by the pressure of Argon gas. The functions of trial casting machine were follows. 1. The trial casting machine was capable of heating to 1250 degrees C within one minute under 4 kW electric power. 2. The castability of the 20% Au-Pd-Ag commercial alloy cast in all casting conditions by the trial casting machine was higher than that of Thermotrol D-2 automatic centrifugal casting machine. 3. Castings of the trial casting machine showed higher tensile strength and elongation than those of the centrifugal casting machine, and the deviation of values got by the trial casting machine was small. In particular, some casting of the trial casting machine showed three times or over elongation values as compared with those of the centrifugal casting machine. 4. When casting conditions (casting temperature, casting pressure) of the trial casting machine changed, the physical properties of castings did not change so much. However, when the mold was not prevented from heating by the furnace in casting, the elongation of castings increased. PMID- 7017038 TI - [Japanese and foreign literature on dental engineering (21) 1979]. PMID- 7017039 TI - [The current trend of lung sounds research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017040 TI - [Effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with essential hypertension and normal subjects]. PMID- 7017041 TI - [A case of hyperfunctioning parathyroid cancer with abnormal endocrine function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017042 TI - [Short term toxicity tests with mammalian cells in culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017044 TI - [Grinding test for dental high speed handpieces: testing instrument]. PMID- 7017043 TI - [A study of vibration etching technique. Laboratory experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017045 TI - Post and core buildup for endodontically treated posterior teeth. PMID- 7017046 TI - Fatal haemorrhage following a misplaced tracheostomy. PMID- 7017047 TI - Medicolegal progress in inquests of felonious deaths: Westminster, 1761-1866. PMID- 7017048 TI - Assay of intermediates in bile acid biosynthesis using isotope dilution--mass spectrometry: hepatic levels in the normal state and in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - The synthesis of 2H4-labeled 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol, 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and 7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is described. A mixture of these compounds, together with 2H3-labeled 5-cholestene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol, was added to extracts of different subcellular fractions of liver. After purification by high performance liquid chromatography and conversion into trimethylsilyl ethers, the amounts of different endogenous unlabeled steroids were determined by selected ion monitoring. In normal liver, the concentration of 5-cholestene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol (about 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml protein) was higher than the concentration of the other steroids (about 0.01-0.05 microgram/mg protein). The concentration of the different steroids was highest in the microsomal fraction of the liver homogenate. In a liver sample from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), the amounts of the 12 alpha-hydroxylated steroids were considerably higher than in the normal liver. The levels of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4 cholesten-3-one and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol were similar or only slightly higher than in the liver of the control patients. The concentration of 5 cholestene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol was very high in the mitochondrial fraction of the CTX-liver. The findings are in accordance with the previous demonstration that the basic metabolic defect in CTX is a lack of the mitochondrial 26 hydroxylase. The results are further compatible with the contention that 7 alpha,26-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an important intermediate in the normal bile acid biosynthesis. PMID- 7017049 TI - Enzymatic measurement of choline-containing phospholipids in bile. AB - An enzymatic method, previously used to determine choline-containing phospholipids in serum, was applied to the estimation of phospholipid concentration in bile. The method combines three enzymatic reactions: a) release of choline by phospholipase D; b) choline oxidation by choline oxidase, a reaction which generates hydrogen peroxide; and c) formation of a red quinone dye by peroxidase. The method is an endpoint, spectrophotometric determination. It is simple, sensitive, and reproducible. Accuracy was demonstrated both by linear recoveries of the choline-containing phospholipids in bile and a good correlation with a chemical determination. No interferences by bile acids and/or cholesterol were observed; bile pigment interference was removed by bleaching with white light. This method which determines lipid choline is simpler than the widely used chemical determination of lipid phosphorus. PMID- 7017050 TI - Lipid topogenesis. AB - Investigations of the topography of glycerolipid synthetic enzymes within the transverse plane of microsomal vesicles indicated an exclusive cytoplasmic surface location of active sites. Evidence was derived from studies employing proteases and other impermeant inhibitors, from investigations of latency and substrate permeation, and from localization of products. These studies strongly suggest a total asymmetric synthesis of glycerolipids on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. The data are critically reviewed, emphasizing the importance of appropriate controls for topographical studies of microsomal enzymes. The limited data on the location and topography of other enzymes of complex lipid metabolism in microsomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and other membranes are also reviewed. These new findings have important implications for the processes of "lipid topogenesis" which encompass complex lipid synthesis, the integration of lipids into membranes, and lipid translocation across membranes. Later events of lipid topogenesis involve lipid movement to other membranes and structures, the sorting of complex lipids from each other to assemble structures of distinct lipid composition, and the formation and maintenance of lipid asymmetry. PMID- 7017051 TI - A new method for the measurement of bile acid turnover and pool size by a double label, single intubation technique. AB - A new method is described for measuring the cholic acid turnover and pool size by a single duodenal intubation technique. The method is based on determination in a single bile sample of the ratio of the specific activities of [14C]cholic acid and [3H]cholic acid administered intravenously with an interval of 24 hr. With this ratio the fractional turnover rate (k) of cholic acid can easily be calculated as well as the half-life and pool size. Studies in ten normal subjects indicate that the cholic acid half life and pool size, determined by this single intubation technique, correlate very well (r greater than or equal to 0.98) with the results obtained by Lindstedt's method. Unlike the other methods using a single intubation, this method allows a good estimate of the bile acid turnover as well as the bile acid pool size. PMID- 7017052 TI - [Immunopathology of arterial diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical manifestations of necrotizing angeiitis are of many types (periarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, hypersensitivity, vasculitis...). Their immunological origin is strongly suggested by their analogy with the experimental models of immune complex diseases, and the presence of many immunological anomalies indicating the presence and intervention of these complexes. Several arguments strongly suggest that immunological factors may be also implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7017053 TI - Freeze-etching technique with simple rapid freezing of fresh biological specimen. PMID- 7017054 TI - Skin-colour changes i the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, in response to localized electrical stimulation and lesions in the diencephalon. AB - A study was made of changes in skin colour in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, in response to deep electrical stimulation at 0.2 mm intervals throughout the periventricular region of the diencephalon and the anterior brain stem. Double barrelled glass microelectrodes with tip diameters of 3 microns were used. A 20 microA pulse-train consisting of a 500 Hz signal lasting for 1 s yielded localized responses. Skin darkening occurred only in response to stimulation delivered in the anterior and dorsal region of the diencephalon and skin lightening only in response to stimulation in a small area in the posterior and ventral region of the hypothalamus. Electrical lesions in the latter region resulted in permanent skin darkening. Surgical interruption of the hypothalamo hypophysial neurosecretory tract did not block skin-colour change in response to dark or light backgrounds. It was concluded that MSH release is under tonic inhibitory control by hypothalamic neurones in Anolis. Both inhibitory and stimulatory neurones can be localized stereotaxically in the diencephalon and neither type corresponds with the neurosecretory neurones of the hypothalamo hypophysial tract. The functional relationship between the stimulatory neurones and the inhibitory neurones and pars intermedia remains unclear. PMID- 7017055 TI - Oestrogens and parturition. PMID- 7017056 TI - Health risks of oestrogen therapy. PMID- 7017057 TI - Testicular oestrogens. PMID- 7017058 TI - Clinical aspects and development of antioestrogen therapy: a review of the endocrine effects of tamoxifen in animals and man. PMID- 7017059 TI - Urinary oestrogens and pregnancy. PMID- 7017060 TI - Some contributions of microsurgery to clinical and experimental transplantation. PMID- 7017062 TI - Interaction of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) with human phagocytes. I. L. pneumophila resists killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, antibody, and complement. AB - We have previously reported that virulent egg yolk-grown Legionella pneumophila, Philadelphia 1 strain, multiplies intracellularly in human blood monocytes. We now report on the interaction between virulent L. pneumophila and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), antibody, and complement, in vitro, under antibiotic-free conditions. L. pneumophila in concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) colony forming units (CFU)/ml are completely resistant to the bactericidal effects of 0-50 percent fresh normal human serum, even in the presence of high concentrations of rabbit or human anti-L. pneumophila antibody. L. pneumophila bacteria fix the third component of complement (C3) to their surfaces, as measured by fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine- conjugated goat anti-human C3 IgG, only when the bacteria are incubated with both specific anti L. pneumophila antibody and complement. Similarly, L. pneumophila adhere to PMN, as measured by fluorescence microscopy, only in the presence of both specific antibody and complement. Electron microscopy revealed that these opsonized bacteria are phagocytosed by the PMN. PMN require both antibody and complement to kill L. pneumophila; even then, PMN reduced CFU of L. pneumophila by only 0.5 log under conditions in which they reduce CFU of a serum-resistant encapsulated strain of Escherichia coli by 2.5 logs. Separation of PMN-associated and nonassociated CFU of L. pneumophila revealed that the major proportion of the surviving bacteria are PMN associated. Thus, the ineffective killing of opsonized L. pneumophila is a result of a failure of PMN to kill these bacteria after they become PMN- associated. With or without antibody, PMN do not support the growth of L. pneumophila. These findings suggest that PMN, even in conjunction with the humoral immune system, do not play a decisive role in defense against the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. PMID- 7017061 TI - Human B lymphocyte subsets. I. IgG-bearing B cell response to pokeweed mitogen. AB - The subset of B lymphocytes having IgG on their surfaces was purified from human spleen and blood using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). This subset constituted about 15% of B lymphocytes. The remaining non-IgG-bearing B cells were also obtained for study. These two populations were examined for (a) their expression of other surface immunoglobulin isotypes, (b) their ability to give rise to IgG- and IgM-secreting (plaque-forming) cells in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven culture system, and (c) their ability to proliferate in response to PWM stimulation. The results of these studies indicate that most IgG-bearing B cells also express surface IgM and IgD. Less than 15% had only IgG. The IgG-positive cell gave rise to both IgG and IgM plaque-forming cells when driven by PWM, and in fact were responsible for most of the total plaque response in both the IgG and IgM classes. The non-IgG-bearing B cells were depleted of both IgG and IgM responsiveness. The failure of the non-IgG-bearing B cells to give a strong response to PWM did not appear to be due to either depletion of accessory cells or to any suppressive influence. Finally, proliferation studies indicated that both the IgG-bearing and the non-IgG-bearing cells proliferated in the presence of PWM with a somewhat stronger proliferative response in the IgG-bearing cells. These results demonstrate that the IgG-bearing cell is not irreversibly committed to IgG production but can also give rise to IgM-secreting cells, and that human PWM-driven immunoglobulin secretory responses are predominantly due to a numerically small subset of B cells. PMID- 7017064 TI - The FMA Auxiliary--a half century of progress and accomplishment. PMID- 7017063 TI - [Alcohol metabolizing enzymes: biochemical properties, genetic heterogeneity and their possible role in alcohol metabolism in humans (author's transl)]. AB - Recent studies on the polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase indicate a possible implication of enzyme variants in the metabolism and effects of ethanol. The development of highly sensitive analytical methods enabled us to study isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in various organ extracts, skin, fibroblast and hair root lysates. The results of family and population genetic studies in different racial groups led to a hypothesis, which may explain the observed high incidence of alcohol sensitivity among Mongoloid populations. PMID- 7017065 TI - 105th President of FMA Sanford A. Mullen, M.D. PMID- 7017066 TI - B-lymphotropic papovavirus and possibility of infections in humans. AB - A novel member of the papovavirus group has been isolated from EBV-transformed African green monkey (AGM) B-lymphoblasts. The virus is characterized by its B lymphotropic host range and has tentatively been named "lymphotropic papovavirus" (LPV). Seroepidemiological studies revealed that besides sera from African green monkeys a substantial proportion of human sera reacted with antigens of this virus. The specificity of this reaction observed in indirect immunofluorescence tests was underlined by immunoprecipitation (IP) and neutralization studies. By IP we demonstrated that AGM as well as human sera reacting in immunofluorescence with LPV antigens precipitated polypeptides of about 40 K. Those polypeptides were detected only in LPV-infected cultures. Sera of high reactivity in immunofluorescence tests also neutralized viral infectivity. These data suggest that an agent antigenetically closely related to AGM-LPV also infects part of the human population. The age distribution of the human antibody response revealed that a low percentage of sera reacted in age groups below 30 years. Thereafter, however, about 30% of all sera exhibited antibodies to LPV antigens. There was a slight increase in seroreactivity in sera from patients tested for infectious hepatitis when compared to non-selected human sera. PMID- 7017067 TI - Serological diagnosis of acute tick-borne encephalitis by demonstration of antibodies of the IgM class. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for demonstrating specific antibodies of the IgM class to tick-borne encephalitis virus (anti-TBEV IgM). Anti-mu coated, flat-bottomed microtiter plates are incubated with diluted patients' serum (2 hr at 37 degrees C), then with purified TBEV, and later with peroxidase coupled anti-TBEV immunoglobulin for a further 2 hr. After washing the plates, orthophenylenediamine is added and the optical density is measured at 510 nm. At an early stage after onset of illness anti-TBEV IgM could be demonstrated up to serum dilutions of 10(-4). The specificity of the test system was shown by total inhibition of the positive reaction by preincubation of patients' sera with anti mu. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) could be diagnosed serologically in 54 patients by the described method, and anti-TBEV IgM could be demonstrated in sera drawn up to 9 months after onset of illness. A peak in the number of infections occurs in the age group of 31-40 years, and most infections occur from June to October with a small peak in July. PMID- 7017068 TI - Antidepressant efficacy of tranylcypromine isomers: a controlled study. AB - The (+)- and (-)-isomers of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I) tranylcypromine (TCP) were administered separately in a double-blind controlled study to 20 depressed patients. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the AMP system and the Bf-s self-rating questionnaire were used for documentation of psychopathological state and autonomic side effects. Overall there was a statistically significant decrease in the Hamilton depression scores (p less than 0.01 for the (+)-isomer, but not for the (-)-isomer group, whereas self-rating scores did not show a significant decrease in either group. Autonomic side effects were more pronounced (p less than 0.05) in the (+)-isomer group. As platelet MAO was significantly stronger (p less than 0.001) inhibited in the (+) TCP group as compared with the (-)-TCP group, it is suggested that MAO inhibition rather than uptake blockade is the biochemical mechanism responsible for both the antidepressant activity and the autonomic side effects due to TCP medication. PMID- 7017069 TI - Effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on hexokinase in the developing cerebellum of the rat. AB - Total hexokinase levels (units/g tissue) have been measured during postnatal development of the cerebellum in control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats. In addition. distribution of hexokinase in the developing cerebellum has been observed with an immunofluorescence method. Hypothyroidism delays the normally observed postnatal increase in total hexokinase activity, whereas hyperthyroidism accelerates the increase. In normal animals, hexokinase levels in maturing Purkinje cells pass through a transient increase, with maximal levels at approximately 8 days postnatally followed by rapid decline to relatively low levels by 12 days; hypothyroidism delays this transient increase and subsequent decline, but hyperthyroidism does not appear to affect markedly the timing of this phenomenon. Cerebellar glomeruli are relatively enriched in hexokinase content, as judged by their intense fluorescence. Hypothyroidism delays the development of intensely stained glomeruli. Hyperthyroidism did not appear to cause precocious increase in numbers of glomeruli but may have increased the rate at which the hexokinase was assimilated by newly formed glomeruli. The effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on total cerebellar hexokinase levels are interpreted in terms of the effect of thyroid hormone on the biochemical maturation of synaptic structures rich in hexokinase. PMID- 7017070 TI - A sensitive method for characterization of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Although isoelectric focusing has been used to demonstrate the presence of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF, the technique has not allowed detection of oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated CSF. A new technique is reported, by which unconcentrated CSF is separated by isoelectric focusing, and the IgG bands are then detected by radioimmunofixation. Samples as small as 20 microliters may be used. PMID- 7017071 TI - Regionally selective metabolic effects of hypoglycemia in brain. AB - Regional CNS levels of glucose reserves, glycolytic intermediates, and high energy phosphate reserves were measured in insulin-treated, hypoglycemic rats and correlated with EEG activity. Intravenous administration of insulin to paralyzed, ventilated animals causes concomitant reduction of blood glucose levels and progressive abnormality and eventual loss of EEG activity. In all regions of brain examined, glucose and glycogen levels decrease until they are essentially depleted, and glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-biphosphate fall approximately 80%. Pyruvate levels decrease 50% in cerebral cortex and brain stem and a lesser amount in striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum. Lactate levels fall 50 60% in all regions except cerebellum, where no change is observed. ATP and phosphocreatine levels remain normal until the EEG is isoelectric, and then decrease in all regions except cerebellum. These results demonstrate that hypoglycemia does not have a uniform effect on brain glucose and energy metabolism, and cerebellum seems to be relatively protected. PMID- 7017072 TI - Alpha-N-acetyl beta-endorphins in the pituitary: immunohistochemical localization using antibodies raised against dynorphin(1-13). PMID- 7017073 TI - Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PMID- 7017074 TI - Studies on Sudanese medicinal plants. II. Evaluation of an extract of Lupinus termis seeds in chronic eczema. AB - A double-blind clinical trial comparing a 10% ointment prepared from a 95% ethanol extract of Lupinus termis seeds with a 0.02% flumethasone pivalate ointment and a placebo showed that the Lupinus termis extractive was effective in the treatment of chronic eczema. The results obtained with the extract were statistically comparable to those obtained with the corticoid therapy. PMID- 7017075 TI - Noninvasive localization of brain-stem lesions in the cat with multimodality evoked potentials: correlation with human head-injury data. AB - Multimodality evoked potential (MEP) data from over 300 comatose head-injured patients suggest that central nervous system dysfunction of the brain stem and/or hemispheres can be localized with this noninvasive neuroelectric technique. Based on this work, decerebrate motor posturing and prolonged coma are not associated with brain-stem dysfunction but rather with dysfunction of the hemispheres, while absent pupillary and oculocephalic responses are correlated with brain-stem dysfunction alone. However, the accuracy with which MEP data localized human brain-stem or hemispheric dysfunction could not be confirmed by pathological correlation because of low mortality and the small number of autopsies obtained in the patients who died. Therefore, this study was undertaken in an animal model of brain-stem lesion. Complete brain-stem transections were made at the cervicomedullary junction, the medulla just caudal to the eighth nerve, and at the intercollicular region. All cortical visual evoked potential (VEP) peaks were reduced in amplitude and delayed by each of the brain stem transections, but none of the peaks was abolished. In spite of brain-stem transection, VEP's can be used to gain information about hemispheric function. Somatosensory (SEP) and auditory cortically generated evoked potentials (AEP) were abolished by these brain-stem transections, but early-latency brain-stem SEP and AEP data could accurately localize specific areas of brain-stem dysfunction caused by the lesions. Observations made on human MEP data seen to be confirmed by these animal experiments. Correlations between human and cat MEP data are discussed. PMID- 7017076 TI - Posttraumatic bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: case report. PMID- 7017077 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysm of the ascending pharyngeal artery: case report. AB - The authors report a patient presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to one of two saccular aneurysms arising from the dural branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery. The aneurysms were obliterated by surgery without complications. Satisfactory visualization of the aneurysms required selective external carotid angiography with magnification and subtraction. This case emphasized the need to include the external carotid system in conventional four vessel angiography for evaluation of patients with SAH. PMID- 7017078 TI - Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma of the right cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 7017079 TI - Immunological aspects of intrinsic glial tumors. PMID- 7017080 TI - Complement fixation by IgM and IgG autoantibodies on cultured human glial cells. AB - The humoral immune response to autologous gliomas has been investigated in 16 patients using immune adherence and anti-C3 immunofluorescence assays of serum samples. Significant antiglioma antibody activity was detected in 56% of these sera. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that IgM class antibodies were more effective that IgG in their ability to fix complement on cultured glioma cell membranes. In addition, autologous IgG was shown to inhibit IgM complement-fixing activity in some experiments. "Capping" of immune complexes on the glioma cell surface is also described. PMID- 7017082 TI - [Insulin used to control diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017081 TI - Evaluation of CCNU, VM-26 plus CCNU, and procarbazine in supratentorial brain gliomas. Final evaluation of a randomized study. European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Brain Tumor Group. AB - This prospective and randomized trial reports the effects of three chemotherapeutic regimens on three different clinical parameters in adults with supratentorial malignant brain gliomas: 1) duration of the interval between surgery and relapse (the "free interval"); 2) total survival time; and 3) rate and length of objective remissions. All patients were irradiated with 5500 to 6000 rads after neurosurgery aimed at an optimum removal. The administration of VM-26, 60 mg/sq m on Day 1, plus CCNU, 130 mg/sq m on Day 2, repeated every 6 weeks, had no significant effect on the length of the free interval between surgery and relapse. Thus, the median duration of this period was 39 weeks in the group of 61 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and 30 weeks in 55 controls without treatment. Neither was the total survival time prolonged by the administration of early chemotherapy. The best prognostic factor for the duration of the free interval and survival was age: patients under 50 years old survived statistically significantly longer. The rate of the objective remission, defined as a clear-cut clinical improvement persisting 6 weeks after complete discontinuation of steroids, was measured after tumor relapse. In patients who were not previously treated with chemotherapy, CCNU alone or VM-26 plus CCNU produced objective remissions in only 15% of treated patients. Out of 17 cases treated previously by VM-26 plus CCNU, none responded to procarbazine after relapse. PMID- 7017083 TI - Occupational factors in coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7017084 TI - Alveolar reconstruction in adolescent patients with cleft palates. AB - Treatment of patients with cleft palates requires optimal interdisciplinary care. The efforts of the entire team treating the patient with cleft palate must be closely coordinated, even when the deformity is confined to the alveolus. In a significant number of patients with cleft palate, surgical reconstruction of the alveolus and adjacent soft tissue is a necessary adjunct to orthodontic, prosthetic, and facial soft tissue management. Surgical treatment and its complications are discussed, with specific case examples. PMID- 7017085 TI - Central cavernous hemangioma of the mandible: report of four cases. PMID- 7017086 TI - Grafting a mandibular discontinuity defect via a tunnel approach: report of case. AB - According to Bell, "the aim of bone grafting is to place a readily vascularizable osteogenic organic structure in intimate contact with a vascular osteogenic cancellous host bed." To accomplish these objectives, a tunneling procedure was developed. This technique provided a circumferentially intact vascular bed, which minimized the edema usually caused by interference with venous and lymphatic drainage. Together with adequate graft stabilization and maxillomandibular fixation, this surgical approach deceased shearing forces, permitted unimpeded capillary ingrowth, minimized hematoma and dead-space formation, and maximized the viability of the graft. PMID- 7017087 TI - Simultaneous mandibular sandwich osteotomy and lipswitch vestibuloplasty: a preliminary report of case. PMID- 7017088 TI - Case 35, part 2. Eosinophilic granuloma of the jaws. PMID- 7017089 TI - Correction of deep bite by total mandibular alveolar osteotomy: report of case. PMID- 7017090 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the stomach: report of case. PMID- 7017091 TI - Study of retention in attachments for overdenture. (I) Laboratory-made stud attachment. PMID- 7017092 TI - A study on the fatigue characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate adherends. PMID- 7017093 TI - Study of retention in attachments for overdenture. (II) O-ring attachment. PMID- 7017094 TI - Clinical application of the pressure forming for metallic denture bases by the use of impulsive hydraulic pressure generated by impingement of a high speed projectile. PMID- 7017095 TI - A study on the dental injection molding system with cartridge (part 1) Polycarbonate denture base. PMID- 7017096 TI - Centrioles, microtubules and microfilaments in activated mononuclear and multinucleate macrophages from rat peritoneum: electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence microscopic studies. AB - In male Wistar rats of the BD I strain, mononuclear macrophages and multinucleate giant cells obtained from the peritoneum 1 day to 5 weeks after implantation of coverslips coated with dermoid cyst sebum, were examined by light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies specific for actin and tubulin and also by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In activated mononuclear macrophages, microtubules radiate from the centrioles, situated in the perinuclear area, into the cytoplasm and the major cell processes. Microfilaments form a dense meshwork beneath the plasmalemma. When mononuclear macrophages fuse to form multinucleate giant cells, the initially unordered ("Foreign body") syncytia still reveal the original distribution patterns of centrioles, microtubules and microfilaments similar to those seen in the individual cells. In the ordered (Langhans) multinucleate giant cell all centrioles are accumulated in a main pluricorpuscular central group. Centrioles are the initiating and organising centres in the formation of microtubules. From the centrioles microtubules extend into the entire cytoplasm of the syncytium as a uniformly organised, stellate, radial system. The centrosphere, which is characteristic for ordered multinucleate giant cells, seems free from microfilaments, which form a ring-shaped woven network encircling the nuclei. Depolymerisation and inhibition of microtubules upon exposure to colchicine, indicates that both the organisation of the cytoplasm and the cellular movements depend on the undisturbed coordination of centrioles, microtubules and microfilaments. This applies also to the fusion of mononuclear macrophages to form syncytia, the ordering processes within multinucleate giant cells, and the function of ordered giant cells. PMID- 7017098 TI - Presentation of the 1980 Henry Baldwin Ward medal. PMID- 7017097 TI - Effect of proteolytic enzymes on Pneumocystis carinii in rat lung tissue. AB - Rat lung homogenates heavily infected with Pneumocystis carinii were digested with trypsin and pronase. Pneumocystis carinii cysts were examined by light and electron microscopy, and by an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. Cysts digested with trypsin exhibited swelling of their cell wall but stained brightly by IFA; cysts digested with pronase lost their cell wall and ability to stain by IFA. These effects were related to the concentration of the enzyme and duration of exposure. The data suggest that the antigenic determinants of P. carinii cysts reside in the cell wall. PMID- 7017099 TI - Brown's syndrome in twins. AB - Monozygotic twin girls concordant for Brown's syndrome with reversed asymmetry are presented. This appears to be the first report of concordance for the presence of Brown's syndrome in twins. Embryological factors and a possible explanation for the etiology of this condition in the form as presented are discussed. PMID- 7017100 TI - Antiemetic effectiveness of intraoperatively administered droperidol in pediatric strabismus outpatient surgery--preliminary report of a controlled study. AB - Low doses (0.05 mg/kg) of intravenously administered droperidol were given intraoperatively to randomly assigned pediatric strabismus patients in a controlled double-masked paradigm. No difference between control and treatment groups in the severity of vomiting was noted in the postanesthesia recovery room, but such a difference was probably present in the hospital rooms during the interval between room arrival and the meeting of hospital discharge criteria. Administration of the drug did not appear to produce somnolence sufficient to delay postoperative recovery. PMID- 7017101 TI - Implications of a selective policy in the management of spina bifida. AB - Of 307 patients with myelomeningocele 132 were treated nonoperatively during the 6 yr period from 1973 to 1978. Of the nonoperatively managed patients, 86% died within 1 yr. The policy of nonoperative management was changed to one of active intervention in 25% of the infants. Despite this a large number died. PMID- 7017102 TI - Increasing occlusal surface thickness of stainless steel crowns: a clinical technique. PMID- 7017103 TI - A randomized four-years study of periodontal therapy. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the long term effectiveness of scaling and root planing alone to scaling and root planing followed by periodontal surgery. Seventeen subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis received through scaling and root planing as well as oral hygiene instruction. A modified Widman flap was then randomly performed for one-half of each subject's dentition. Recall prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement were administered for 4 years after completion of therapy. Shallow crevices (1--3 mm)subjected to either procedure tended to increase slightly in depth and exhibit a slight loss of attachment when compared to pretreatment measurements. Moderately deep pockets (4 -6 mm) treated by either procedure were reduced and demonstrated a sustained gain or maintenance of attachment level. Pockets initially greater than or equal to 7 mm exhibited the greatest reduction in depth and attachment gain. Gingivitis was reduced following either procedure for moderate and deep pockets. No difference in supragingival plaque retention was noted and both procedures reduced calculus. The results indicate that both procedures were effective in treating moderate to advanced periodontitis. However, the additional flap procedure tended to result in greater pocket reduction and attachment gain for deeper pockets. PMID- 7017104 TI - The gingival bleeding time index. AB - Recent studies have supported an emphasis on gingival bleeding indices for detection of inflammation. The purposes of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the relationships between the time necessary for stimulated gingival bleeding to occur and both gingival fluid flow and Loe's gingival index, and (2) to develop a clinical index based on gingival bleeding time. In the first part of the study, the elapsed time for gingival bleeding to first occur after sulcular stimulation was correlated with the gingival index and fluid flow on 150 gingival units. A high correlation was found between bleeding time with both the gingival index and exudate flow. A bleeding time index based on a scattergram of the data obtained in part I of the study was then formulated and evaluated in a similar fashion on an additional 172 gingival units. Results indicate a high correlation between the bleeding time index and the other indices. It is concluded that the bleeding time index may be used by itself as an accurate and objective clinical tool to evaluate gingival inflammation. PMID- 7017105 TI - Desquamative gingivitis in a 13-year-old male. Case report. PMID- 7017106 TI - Fluorescence immunoassay. PMID- 7017107 TI - Pharmacological analysis of the discriminative stimulus characteristics of ethylketazocine in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7017108 TI - [Japanese literature on physiology in 1979. (4)]. PMID- 7017109 TI - Posterior peripheral seal distortion related to processing temperature. AB - A conventional acrylic resin was processed at temperatures varying from 135 degrees F to 180 degrees F. No significant distortion in the posterior peripheral seal of a denture base was noted when the material was processed at or below the manufacturer's recommended temperature. Statistically significant distortion was noted in the posterior peripheral seal of a denture base when processing was done above the recommended temperature. An acrylic resin specially designed to be boiled produced significantly less distortion in a denture base than the conventional acrylic resin. PMID- 7017110 TI - Clinical crown lengthening by vertical root movement. PMID- 7017111 TI - Seating depths of three new threaded pins inserted with a contra-angle dental handpiece. PMID- 7017112 TI - Linear dimensional accuracy of epoxy resin and stone dies. PMID- 7017113 TI - Open-face custom tray for edentulous obturator impression. AB - 1. A new, easy, and predictable method of border molding an edentulous obturator impression is presented. 2. The use of an open-face impression tray facilitates proper extension in the site of the defect. 3. The manipulation of the modeling compound through the open-face tray assures proper seal, compression, and extension of the prosthesis above the mucodermal scar band. 4. The retention of the obturator bulb is mainly mechanical and is dependent upon engaging under-cuts superior to both scar band and the palatal shelf. 5. There should be a continuous peripheral seal between the defect and nondefect side of the obturator. PMID- 7017114 TI - Functional chew-in records for fixed restorations. PMID- 7017115 TI - Fabricating an acrylic resin temporary fixed prosthesis for an allergic patient. PMID- 7017116 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in the Section of Radiology. PMID- 7017117 TI - On the pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a review. PMID- 7017119 TI - Veterinary cross-currents in the history of ideas on infectious disease. PMID- 7017120 TI - Pregnancy bacteriuria and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7017118 TI - Allergy to bee stings: a review. PMID- 7017121 TI - The anaesthetist as a clinical pharmacologist. PMID- 7017122 TI - Importance of adding neomycin to metronidazole for bowel preparation. AB - A prospective randomized trial has investigated whether it is necessary to add oral neomycin to oral metronidazole as a means of preventing sepsis in elective colonic resection. Seventy-three patients completed the study; 41 received metronidazole and placebo neomycin and 32 received metronidazole and active neomycin. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of wound infection in patients receiving neomycin and metronidazole (22%) compared with metronidazole alone (51%, P<0.02). There was also a significant reduction in anaerobic infections in the group receiving metronidazole and neomycin compared with metronidazole alone (P<0.05). These results indicate that oral metronidazole alone is of no benefit for patients requiring elective colonic operations and that if oral metronidazole is advised it should always be given in combination with oral neomycin. PMID- 7017123 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea in pituitary tumours. AB - Three cases of CSF rhinorrhoea due to pituitary tumours are reported and the literature reviewed. The treatment of choice appears to be trans-sphenoidal exploration of the pituitary fossa with insertion of a free muscle graft followed by radiotherapy. The probability of the tumour being a prolactin-secreting adenoma is discussed. PMID- 7017124 TI - Cells in culture of toxicity testing: a review. PMID- 7017126 TI - Single-layer mass closure of major laparotomies by continuous suturing. PMID- 7017125 TI - Contribution of electron microscopy to oral biology: a review. PMID- 7017127 TI - Conservation and repair in cancer surgery of the head and neck. PMID- 7017128 TI - Prolonged incubation period of imported P. vivax malaria in London. AB - Between January 1976 and July 1979, 453 cases of malaria were seen at Hillingdon Hospital. The majority of cases were Plasmodium vivax infections in Asians from the Punjab in Northern India-either new immigrants or United Kingdom resident Asians returning from holidays. Twenty-four cases were contracted in Africa or the Middle East. Figures are presented showing a considerable increase in cases during the period of study. In P. vivax infections the time interval between arrival and development of the acute illness was significantly greater for those subjects entering the United Kingdom in autumn or winter. PMID- 7017129 TI - Indications for fluorescein angiography in disease of the ocular fundus: a review. PMID- 7017131 TI - Linear IgA dapsone responsive bullous dermatosis. PMID- 7017130 TI - CT scanning and the investigation of dementia: a review. PMID- 7017132 TI - J M W Turner and some of his predecessors and successors, from the viewpoint of medical history. PMID- 7017133 TI - Treatment of achalasia: a review. PMID- 7017134 TI - The role of immunocytochemistry in tumour pathology: a review. PMID- 7017135 TI - Radiotherapy in management of gastrointestinal carcinoma: a review. PMID- 7017136 TI - The 1888 pneumonia in Middlesbrough. PMID- 7017138 TI - Twice-daily insulin regimens in management of severe diabetes. AB - Diurnal glucose profiles have been compared in ten insulin dependent diabetics receiving, firstly, a twice-daily soluble insulin (SI): isophane insulin (NPHI) insulin (30% SI, 70% NPHI). For each patient the two regimens gave similar profiles though nocturnal blood glucose control was better on Mixtard. HbA1 values were similar on the two regimens. The findings show that, using highly purified formulations, small changes in insulin proportions in twice-daily SI: NPHI regimens may be irrelevant to diabetic control; they also suggest that highly purified NPHI may have a substantially shorter duration of action than its older counterpart and that the convenient regimen of twice-daily Mixtard is usually as good as any more complicated 'tailormade' regimen of highly purified insulins. PMID- 7017137 TI - Captopril for refractory hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure and renal transplantation. AB - The converting-enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was given to ten patients with refractory severe hypertension of renal origin: 6 patients had chronic renal failure, 3 patients had hypertension following renal transplantation, and one patient had hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. Control of blood pressure was achieved with doses from 78 to 400 mg/day. Severe hyperkalaemia occurred in one patients, ageusia (dose dependent) in another, and one patients withdrew from treatment because of nausea. PMID- 7017139 TI - Value of an anal dilator after anal stretch for haemorrhoids. AB - A prospective randomized trial compared anal stretch with or without continued dilatation for three months in 89 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids. Complications of therapy occurred in only 4 patients, 3 of whom had transient incontinence of flatus. When patients were reviewed four months after treatment, only 4 of 44 patients (9%) who used a dilator had not been improved and required additional therapy, compared with 15 of 42 patients (36%) who had anal stretch alone (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that the use of an anal dilator improves the results of anal stretch. PMID- 7017140 TI - Clinical aspects of infections associated with male infertility: a review. PMID- 7017141 TI - The French connection in the early history of canning. PMID- 7017142 TI - Chemotherapeutic oestrus control in the bitch and latest advances. AB - The control of oestrus in the intact bitch through the use of chemotherapeutics is briefly reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the recently introduced product mibolerone and a summary of currently available products is presented. PMID- 7017143 TI - "Metaphylaxis" in post-partum conditions in dairy cows with butaphosphone: a trial under South African conditions. AB - Current literature on the prevention of the "parturition syndrome" in dairy cows using butaphosphone is summarised. A South African trial is recorded in which 2 pre-partum injections of the drug caused a significant reduction in the number of cases of parturition syndrome, as well as a marked reduction in intercalving period in the treated portion of the herd. No difference in lactation yield or culling rate was seen. The financial implication of the reduction in intercalving period is discussed. PMID- 7017144 TI - The treatment of Stilesia hepatica infestation. AB - Sheep and goats naturally infested with Stilesia hepatica were treated with either praziquantel (Droncit, Bayer) or oxfendazole (Systamex, Coopers). Praziquantel at 15 mg/kg was 100% effective in 20 sheep; at 7,5 mg/kg 2 out of 20 sheep were still positive. Oxfendazole at 3,5mg/kg was ineffective. In spite of its efficacy the cost of praziquantel prohibits its routine use as an anthelmintic. PMID- 7017145 TI - A critical efficacy test of cambendazole in equids: the use of the geometric means to assess efficacy. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of a 44.5% paste formulation of cambendazole was evaluated in a critical trial performed on 5 horses and a donkey. A dosage of 20 mg/kg showed reduction of mean parasite burdens as follows: Strongylinae greater than 99%; Cyathostominae 94%; immature and adult Oxyuris equi 89 and greater than 99%; Probstmayria vivipara greater than 99% and Habronema muscae 97%. Parascaris equorum and Anoplocephala perfoliata were present in small numbers in individual animals only, and while all were removed by treatment, the small numbers did not justify calculation of a percentage efficacy for these 2 parasites. PMID- 7017146 TI - Quantitative structure-selectivity relationships. Comparison of the inhibition of Escherichia coli and bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. AB - In our previous publication (Blaney, J. M.; Dietrich, S. W.; Reynolds, M. A.; Hansch, C. J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 614), correlation equations were presented for the inhibition of bovine liver and Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. These equations brought out differences in the way these two enzymes interact with substituents, which explain the high selectivity of drugs like trimethoprim. We have tested and further developed these equations in this report. It is of particular interest that our previously published correlation equation for E. coli DHFR accurately predicted the potency of a commercial competitor of trimethoprim (tetroxoprim) now in clinical use. We believe that new and effective competitors for trimethoprim can be designed by means of the two correlation equations. PMID- 7017148 TI - Circulating immune complexes in bacillary and amebic dysentery. AB - In order to study the relationship between the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and the severity and duration of acute dysentery, we studied 11 adults and 45 children in Bangladesh with bacillary and amebic dysentery, using the Raji cell and solid-phase C1q (C1q-SPA) assays. CIC were found in 70% of patients with shigellosis and in all eight cases of amebic dysentery. Mild shigellosis was associated with positive samples in the first week of clinical illness, whereas severe cases, including those with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, had negative admission assays but positive convalescent assays. Samples positive in the first two weeks of illness were more likely positive by the Raji cell assay alone whereas samples in the third and fourth weeks of illness were positive more often by the C1q-SPA assay. Only one shigellosis sample was positive by both assays. In amebiasis 11 of 13 samples were positive by the Raji assay alone. In dysenteric disease circulating immune complexes probably represents the failure of the inflamed mucosa to exclude microbial and dietary antigens, and suggests that the presence of CIC in any intestinal disease must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7017149 TI - The influence of opsonization with specific antibody and complement on the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of neutrophil granulocytes. A methodological study and a clinical application. AB - The NBT reduction of granulocytes, increased in the presence of bacteria, was further enhanced bl specific antibody. The enhancement was dose-dependent and increased by complement. Clinically, the NBT test was used for measuring specific antibody in sera from patients after severe infections. With sera from 10 out of 14 patients with proven or suspected septicemia the NBT reduction was enhanced because of the presence of specific antibody. These results correlated well with the bacteriological findings and supported the view that the bacteria isolated from blood were relevant for the disease. PMID- 7017150 TI - Detection of cell surface immunoglobulin on leucocytes by agglutination. AB - The detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) on murine peritoneal cell (PC) surfaces by an agglutination test is described. Addition of anti-mouse IgG (amIgG) to a suspension of PC results in agglutination of the cells. Trypsin or pronase treatment of the cells abrogated agglutination upon addition of amIgG. Incubation of washed murine PC with porcine IgG (pIgG) for 30 minutes resulted in agglutination of the cells upon addition of anti-porcine IgG (apIgG) to the cell suspension. This suggests that the heterologous pIgG is also able to bind to the murine cell surface. The implications of these findings are discussed and compared with respect to the agglutination test described herein and other techniques for detection of cytophilic antibody. PMID- 7017151 TI - Sampling designs for stereology. AB - The purpose of this paper is to propose the necessary sampling techniques for estimating a global parameter defined in a solid opaque specimen (e.g. the total volume of mitochondria in a given liver, the total capillary surface area in a given lung, etc). The geometry of the specimen often suggests a multi-level or cascade sampling design at different magnifications, whereby the object phase at one level becomes the reference phase in the next level. The final parameter is then estimated as the product of the intermediate ratios with the volume of the specimen, which is estimated independently. Each level can be regarded as an independent sampling design; a given stereological project may be planned in terms of one or more of these designs. Our development is a blend of practical experience and recent theoretical advances on sampling for stereology with well known sampling techniques previously developed with different purposes in mind. PMID- 7017152 TI - A rapid method for identification of S-phase cells in transmission electron microscopy of monolayer cultures. AB - A rapid technique has been developed for identifying cells in S-phase in transmission electron microscopy of monolayer cultures. Autoradiography is performed on the embedded monolayer which is then re-embedded. The cells and the adjacent layer of developed emulsion are sanctioned together, and when subsequently viewed in the electron microscope the cells in S-phase appear with a zone of silver grains in the emulsion which is opposite their nuclei. They are thus readily identified and can be selected for detailed study. The advantages of this technique over conventional TEM autoradiography are the very much shorter exposure times and a reduced workload when preparing serial sections. PMID- 7017154 TI - Medicaid looks at reductions in benefits, payments, eligibility. PMID- 7017153 TI - Modifications to the paper 'on defining the thermal history of cells during the freezing of biological materials'. PMID- 7017155 TI - Substance abuse and America: historical perspective on the federal response to a social phenomenon. AB - Much more often than is commonly given credit, factors other than a substance's therapeutic efficacy contribute to its affect on the individual experience, its own proliferation, and society's response. To explore these dynamics, American history is examined from the perspective of analyzing the development of substance abuse. Of the conclusions borne out by this historical perspective, foremost was that psychoactive substance use has been an element in the American social ecology from its earliest beginnings.The health professions have not always exhibited behavior in the interest of public health, and, most importantly, the federal response has often been plagued with outcomes that have been less desirable than many of the problems.This historical review supports the thesis that drug-seeking behavior and the response it elicits are in a constant state of flux and cannot be adequately appreciated in isolation from the sociocultural and historical contexts in which they occur. PMID- 7017147 TI - Localisation of male determining factors in man: a thorough review of structural anomalies of the Y chromosome. AB - It is widely accepted that male determination in man depends on the presence of a factor or factors on the Y chromosome. These factors may be localised within the Y chromosome through the study of structural anomalies of the Y. A thorough review of seven different structural anomalies of the Y is presented: dicentric Y chromosomes, Y isochromosomes, ring Y chromosomes, Y; autosome, Y;X, and Y;Y translocations, and Y deletions. The evidence from these studies indicates that a gene or genes on the short arm or the Y near the centromere play a crucial role in the development of the testes. A few studies indicate that one or more factors on the long arm of the Y may also influence testicular development. If such a factor is present on the long arm, then it too must be very near the centromere. The theory that separate genes independently control the initial development and maturation of the tests (on the long and short arms of the Y, respectively) may be premature. Recently proposed arguments in its favour are examined. Some evidence also indicates the presence of a fertility factor on the non-fluorescent segment of the long arm. Relevant information on the H-Y antigen is discussed. PMID- 7017156 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to parasitic infections in Nigerian children. AB - Sixty-six sera from Nigerian children who attended a paediatric clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan were tested with Plasmodium falciparum, P. brazilianum, Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii and Schistosoma mansoni antigens using indirect fluorescent antibody technique. These sera were tested using ELISA technique for Schistosoma antibodies. Sera from all proven cases of infections gave positive results. Highest antibody prevalence rate was for P. falciparum (69.6%), followed by P. malariae (63.6%) and E. histolytica (42.4%) infections. About 17% and 16% were reactive with Toxoplasma and Schistosoma antigens respectively. Only nine (13.6%) children were negative with all antigens. Forty-four (66.6%) children were positive to two or more parasitic antibodies indicating exposure to those diseases. The significance of these antibodies in children is discussed. PMID- 7017157 TI - Chloroquine resistant malaria in Africa. PMID- 7017158 TI - Identification of small polyhedral virus particles in thin sections of plant cells by an enzyme cytochemical technique. PMID- 7017159 TI - Ultrastructural localization of blood group A antigen in normal human kidneys. PMID- 7017160 TI - Oocyte-follicle cell interaction during normal oogenesis and atresia in an insect. PMID- 7017161 TI - High-resolution localization of drug binding sites. PMID- 7017162 TI - Replication of double-stranded RNA of the virus-like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mode of replication of the L double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) present in virus like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by density transfer experiments. After transfer to light medium, significant amounts of fully heavy dsRNA persisted over a number of cell doublings. In addition, very little material of hybrid density was ever formed, and the accumulation of fully light material began as early as 0.5 doubling after transfer to light medium. Our results are compatible with a conservative mode of replication or with a semiconservative mode of replication carried out by a small portion of the total dsRNA population. In additional experiments the synthesis of dsRNA relative to the cell cycle was studied. This was done by determining the ratio of short-term to long-term radioactive label in size-separated cell fractions of a prelabeled exponential culture. The ratio of short-term to long-term label remained constant for all fractions, implying that dsRNA is synthesized throughout the cell cycle, increasing through the cell cycle at an exponential rate. PMID- 7017163 TI - Salmonella bacteriophage glycanases: endorhamnosidase activity of bacteriophages P27, 9NA, and KB1. AB - Four bacteriophages, P22, P27, 9NA, and KB1, active on smooth Salmonella strains belonging to serogroups A, B, and D1 were investigated for endoglycosidase activity and specificity in enzyme hydrolysis assays. Purified phage was incubated with phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide preparations which had been partially delipidated. Dialyzable oligosaccharides, released by phage glycosidase activity, were analyzed by sugar and methylation analyses. Phages P27, 9NA, and KB1, as well as P22 assayed earlier (U. Eriksson et al., J. Gen. Virol. 43: 503-511, 1979; S. Iwashita and S. Kanegasaki, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 55:403-409, 1973), were all found to have phage-associated endorhamnosidase activity hydrolyzing the O-polysaccharide chain common to bacteria of serogroups A, B, and D1 [Formula: see text] between the l-rhamnose and d-galactose residues. The nature of the R monosaccharide, abequose, tyvelose, or paratose, had no effect on the activity or specificity of the endorhamnosidase, whereas a change of the d-galactose --> d-mannose linkage from alpha1,2 to alpha1,6 made the O-polysaccharide chain resistant to the endorhamnosidases. Modification of the O chain by glucosylation of the d galactose residue at O-4 or O-6 revealed two glycosidase specificities: the phage P22 and P27 enzymes hydrolyzed O chains glucosylated at O-4 but not O-6, whereas the phage 9NA and KB1 enzymes hydrolyzed chains glucosylated at O-6 but not O-4. Phage KB1, like P22 and P27, had a short, noncontractile tail containing a base plate with tail spikes (morphologically Bradley group C), whereas 9NA had a long, flexible tail ending with a base plate-like appendage (Bradley group B), which suggests that the endorhamnosidase activity can be associated with different tail structures. PMID- 7017164 TI - Escherichia coli traD(Ts) mutant temperature sensitive for assembly of RNA bacteriophage MS2. AB - We report here a study on the temperature-sensitive conjugational transfer deficient mutant Escherichia coli JCFL39, carrying a traD(Ts) mutation, which is also temperature sensitive for group I RNA phages (MS2, f2, and R17). It is shown that, when the mutant was infected with MS2 at 42 degrees C, phage RNA replicated; a 27S MS2 RNA and phage proteins were synthesized. However, neither PFU nor physical MS2 particles were formed, showing that phage assembly was inhibited. In addition, the high temperature affected the membranes of the host mutant: the mutant was hypersensitive to chemicals, and the electrophoretic pattern of the membranal proteins was modified. We suggest that the pleiotropic effects of the traD mutation on MS2 assembly and DNA transfer during conjugation were a result of the changes in the membrane of the mutant. PMID- 7017166 TI - Prostaglandins and neoplasia. PMID- 7017167 TI - Anatrophic nephrolithotomy: preservation of renal function demonstrated by differential quantitative radionuclide renal scans. AB - Differential quantitative radionuclide renal scans have been used to confirm that early removal of staghorn calculi by anatrophic nephrolithotomy preserves renal parenchyma without significant renal damage by the surgical procedure. The 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scan was useful in predicting recovery of function in the involved kidney, while the 131iodine orthoiodohippurate scan provided a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the surgical procedure on individual kidney function. All of 13 consecutive patients evaluated by 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scans had stable or improved effective renal plasma flow to the involved kidney and an unchanged or improved total excretory index 6 months after nephrolithotomy. PMID- 7017165 TI - Identification of an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen by fluoroimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - A 65,000-dalton (65K) antigen found in Raji cells by fluoroimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoelectrophoresis has been identified as an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA). This identification is based on the following evidence. The 65K antigen is detected in Raji cells but not in three Epstein-Barr virus (-) human B cell lines. It is not detected with EBNA (-) sera. The 65K antigen is found predominantly in the nucleus and co-elutes with EBNA during partial purification by DNA-Sepharose and Blue Dextran-Sepharose chromatography. Finally, the partially purified 65K antigen is an effective absorbant of EBNA antibody as measured in an anticomplement immunofluorescence assay. Antigens with molecular weights of 72, 70, and 73K have been detected in B95-8, P3HR-1, and Namalwa cells, respectively. These antigens are the likely homologues of the 65K Raji EBNA. In addition, an Epstein-Barr virus-associated, 81K DNA-binding antigen has been detected in both B95-8 and Raji cells. PMID- 7017168 TI - Modified Pereyra procedure for stress incontinence. AB - Results of the modified Pereyra cystourethropexy for stress incontinence are presented. The technique prevents a suprapubic suture from entering the bladder because of a vaginal approach into the space of Retzius. The surgeon's vaginal finger guides the suprapubic needle as it passes through the rectus. Thus, a non absorbable suture may be used and the urogenital diaphragm is brought superiorly to raise and to support the floor of the pelvis. Results are continence in 97 to 100 per cent of 30 women. PMID- 7017169 TI - Specific red cell adherence testing and benign prostatic hyperplasia. AB - Specific red cell adherence testing has established itself as a valuable means of predicting the behavior of non-invasive bladder carcinoma. In an attempt to determine whether specific red cell adherence testing could have a similar role in low grade, low stage prostatic carcinoma we first attempted to detect its presence in benign prostatic diseases. We tested 36 consecutive prostatectomy specimens of benign disease for the presence of specific red cell adherence in the prostatic acini. We were able to detect the presence of specific red cell adherence in only 36 per cent of the cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, we believe that specific red cell adherence testing is not present in a sufficient percentage of patients with benign disease to allow its usefulness in determining the aggressive behavior of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7017171 TI - A clinical comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in the treatment of urinary tract infection. AB - In a single blind clinical study of 50 patients with urinary tract infections 250 mg. cinoxacin were compared to 1 g. nalidixic acid 4 times daily. Both drugs produced similar improvement in symptomatic response during therapy and were equally effective in eradicating the causative pathogens. In the 5 of 9-day post therapy followup 4 patients from the cinoxacin group became reinfected compared to 1 from the nalidixic acid group. Side effects were reported by twice as many patients in the nalidixic acid group. It is concluded that cinoxacin is an effective drug for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 7017170 TI - A comparison of hydroxyurea, methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate. AB - This is the fifth completed randomized clinical trial of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. There were 125 patients with histologically confirmed relapsing clinical stage D prostatic cancer randomized to receive hydroxyurea, methyl chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea or cyclophosphamide. All patients had received and failed previous hormonal therapy. Patients whose disease progressed after 12 weeks on the initial therapy were crossed over or randomized to receive an alternate drug. There were 98 patients available for comparison of treatments. Objective responses included patients with complete or partial regression as well as stable disease. The response rates were 35 per cent for cyclophosphamide, 30 per cent for methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and 15 per cent for hydroxyurea. Subjective response parameters included improvement in performance status and relief of pain. Pain was improved in a fifth of the patients on each treatment area. Methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy-nitrosourea and hydroxyurea showed activity in advanced prostatic cancer patients but at the expense of excessive toxicity. Cyclophosphamide continues to be the most active single agent in this type of patient, particularly with regard to duration of response and survival. There was a statistically demonstrable advantage for cyclophosphamide over hydroxyurea and a marginal advantage over methyl-chloroethyl-cyclohexy nitrosourea in survival experience. PMID- 7017172 TI - The role of bats in the propagation and spread of histoplasmosis: a review. PMID- 7017174 TI - Prophylaxis of tuberculosis. PMID- 7017173 TI - From the NIH: Urinary catheter care may increase risk of infection. PMID- 7017176 TI - Cyclosporin A promising for transplantation. PMID- 7017177 TI - Administration of levodopa for relief of herpes zoster pain. AB - Forty-seven outpatients with herpes zoster, seen within five days of onset of the eruption, received ten days' administration of oral levodopa and benserazide or placebo in a double-blind controlled study. Both the total patient group and high risk group, eg, those with either ophthalmic zoster or those older than 65 years, were analyzed. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and pathological criteria. Vomiting was the only side effect observed in both groups. A significant decrease in intensity of pain was seen in the group receiving levodopa from the third day, and complete cessation of both pain and sleep disturbances was more frequent in the patients. Two months later, postherpetic neuralgia was also less frequent in the group that received levodopa. PMID- 7017175 TI - Van Gogh's vision: thujone intoxication. PMID- 7017178 TI - Declining transplantability of prospective kidney transplant recipients. AB - The total number of cadaveric kidney transplants has been declining, despite an increasing dialysis population, greater understanding of transplant immunology, and improved transplant management. To explore the causes of this decline, various factors were studied in 140 dialysis patients who were awaiting transplantation and 100 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants. The study indicates that there is a growing, now predominant, prospective kidney recipient population that is highly sensitized because of previous blood transfusions and kidney transplantations. As a result, 92% of the prospective recipients exhibit varying degrees of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Thus, a major problem in clinical transplantation is the growing number of dialysis patients who are virtually untransplantable. The declining number of cadaveric kidney transplantations may be caused by, in part, changing immunologic characteristics in the recipient population. PMID- 7017179 TI - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen. PMID- 7017180 TI - Reversible acute renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia following indomethacin therapy. AB - We noted five cases of reversible acute deterioration of renal function in patients with very mild to moderate renal insufficiency who received indomethacin for an acute gouty attack. This decrease in renal function was consistent with a primary decrease in renal blood flow. In addition, hyperkalemia developed in the patients, which we attribute to a decrease in renin and aldosterone secretion, a decrease in distal tubular delivery of sodium, and, more importantly, to a decrease in urine flow. This report is intended to alert physicians to the possible complications of indomethacin therapy in patients with mild renal insufficiency. PMID- 7017181 TI - Research with immunoactive agents. PMID- 7017182 TI - Clinical applicability of a methacholine inhalational challenge. AB - Cough, dyspnea, and chest pain are symptoms common to many cardiopulmonary diseases. A comprehensive evaluation, including a history, physical examination, ECG, chest roentgenogram, and pulmonary function studies, will often yield a specific diagnosis. However, when these symptoms are intermittent, as they often are in patients with bronchial asthma, the diagnosis may not be apparent. If asthma is thought to be a diagnostic possibility, a bronchial inhalation challenge should be used to demonstrate bronchial hyperreactivity, the hallmark of asthma. The methacholine chloride inhalation challenge is a simple and useful laboratory test to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity. We describe eight patients with a variety of clinical symptoms to demonstrate the usefulness of this test. Patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms should be considered for bronchial inhalation challenge before proceeding to more invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 7017183 TI - Monocyte antigens may cause graft rejection. PMID- 7017184 TI - COPD therapy begins at home with breathing device. PMID- 7017185 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 7017187 TI - Continuing education courses for physicians. For the period Sept 1, 1981, through Aug 31, 1982. PMID- 7017186 TI - Dissemination of relevant information on hypertension. AB - The timely dissemination of new medical information to the practicing physician has been identified as a problem. To examine the magnitude of this problem and useful strategies for correction, we surveyed primary care physicians to determine their knowledge of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, a recent clinical trial with important treatment implications. Forty percent of family physicians (44/110) were aware of the study within two months of publication, and 63% of internists (114/182) learned of it within six months. Eighty percent of the family physicians and 50% of the internists listed medicine journals as the source of their knowledge, while 40% of the internists learned of it from continuing medical education (CME) courses. These findings indicate that rapid dissemination of new information can occur when relevant journals are used and that CME courses also provide a timely and effective means of dissemination. PMID- 7017188 TI - Vascular smooth muscle reactivity to rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) and production of prostacyclin-like substance in normotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - Male SHR of young prehypertensive (5-6 weeks) and mature hypertensive (24-28 weeks) ages and age and sex matched control normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were studied for aortic smooth muscle contractility in response to rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS), serotonin, norepinephrine and potassium. Production of prostacyclin (PGI2) in SHR and NWR aortae of these two age groups was also compared. The contractility of young SHR in response to the agonists was all depressed as compared with the matched NWR. With age advances to 24-28 weeks, aortic responsiveness of NWR to all agonists were reduced and the contractility became the same for SHR and NWR except for the response to RCS which was now greater in SHR than in NWR. The PGI2-like substance released from young SHR aortae was the same as that from the matched NWR. The PGI2-like substance in mature aged rat aortae was much higher than that in young rat aortae and the activity in mature SHR was 1.8 times higher than that of the age matched NWR. The increased production of PGI2-like substance in aorta walls of the mature aged SHR may be a compensatory mechanism to reduce the elevated blood pressure. PMID- 7017189 TI - [Double-blind comparison of L-keflex and cephalexin (Keflex) in dental infections (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate efficacy and safety of L-Keflex (granule form of sustained release cephalexin), a double blind study comparing it with Keflex (capsule of regular cephalexin) was conducted in dental infections. Evaluable cases in adults for efficacy of the drugs were 196 consisting of 97 for L-Keflex and 99 for Keflex. Those in children were 19 (8 for L-Keflex and 11 for Keflex). There were no significant differences in background of the patients and severity of the diseases between both groups (L-Keflex and Keflex groups). The daily doses used in both groups were 1,000 mg in adults and 500 mg in children, respectively. The dose was given in two divided doses for L-Keflex group and in four divided doses for Keflex group. Following are evaluation by the committee members for the study: Adults 1. Clinical response rate at final therapy day was 93.8% in L Keflex group and 92.9% in Keflex group, showing no significant difference between both groups. 2. No significant difference in severity of subjective and objective symptoms between both groups was observed at each therapy day. 3. Side effects were found in 6.7% of 105 patients receiving L-Keflex and in 5.6% of 107 patients with Keflex, and there was no significant difference between both groups. As the side effects, gastrointestinal symptoms, rash and itching were observed, but no any other side effects were found in both groups. Children 1. As shown in the above, number of the cases enough to evaluate statistically was not obtained, but all of both groups clinically responded to the drugs. 2. As for side effects diarrhea was observed in only one patient of Keflex group consisting of 12 patients. In the patient, however, discontinuation of the drug was not required and the side effect disappeared during the therapy. From the above results, L Keflex (granule) is judged to have more convenience than Keflex (capsule) in that (1) it can be administered with b.i.d. regimen and (2) it can be easily taken in dental patients such as patients having difficulty in opening mouth of swallowing pain. PMID- 7017190 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCVII]. PMID- 7017191 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXXI. PMID- 7017192 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefuroxime in pediatric purulent meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - The following results were obtained from the fundamental and clinical studies of cefuroxime, a new synthetic cephalosporin, in pediatric patients with purulent meningitis. This drug was administered to 2 pediatric patients with purulent meningitis at the dose to 50 mg/kg, by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes and one shot intravenous injection respectively. When spinal fluid levels were determined, about 15 approximately 30% of the drug concentration in blood was found to transfer to spinal fluid at acute stage. Spinal fluid levels were about 4 approximately 7 micrograms/ml. When 4 pediatric patients with purulent meningitis were treated with the drug, the good results were obtained in all of them. The dose given was 200 approximately 300 mg/kg/day and the dosing duration was 14 approximately 22 days. No adverse reaction was noted, nor abnormal laboratory test values were noted. PMID- 7017194 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CXCVIII]. PMID- 7017193 TI - [Drug sensitivity of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017195 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXXII. PMID- 7017196 TI - [Clinical studies on cefadroxil in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper reports the results which were obtained in a clinical trial of cefadroxil (CDX), a new oral cephalosporin, in the pediatric field. (1) A total of 20 patients with infectious diseases including 9 urinary tract infection, 7 acute tonsillitis, 2 scarlet fever, 1 pyodermia and 1 recurrent bronchitis were treated with CDX. Of the 20 cases, the clinical response was excellent in 15 cases (75%), good in 4 cases (20%), and fair in 1 case (5%). (2) Efficacy classified by causative organisms was as follows; E. coli, 100%; S. pyogenes, 87.5%. (3) Neither adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory results were observed. PMID- 7017198 TI - [Delayed type hypersensitivity induced by group A streptococcal infection in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017197 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (CDX). The results were as follows; The sensitivity was measured by plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus and E. coli, 26 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 3.13-12.5 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 3.13 microgram/ml and 6.25 microgram/ml, of E. coli was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. And the distribution of sensitivity of K. pneumoniae was 6.25-25 microgram/ml and its peak was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. CDX were given orally at dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children. The serum levels of CDX were 10.5 +/- 1.78 microgram/ml, 15.8 +/- 3.25 microgram/ml, 12.0 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml and 3.9 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours after administration respectively, and was 2.3 +/- 0.48 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The urinary excretion rate was 55.6% up to 8 hours after administration. CDX were administered to 39 cases of pediatric infectious disease (26 cases with tonsillitis, 5 cases with enterocolitis, 3 cases with UTI, 2 cases with impetigo, each one case with bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis and epididymitis). And CDX were given 25.0-65.2 mg/kg daily. Clinical results obtained were above good in all cases. No side effects were observed in any cases, except for one case, with diarrhea, 6 cases with the elevation of serum transaminase and 1 case with eosinophilia. PMID- 7017199 TI - [Variety of beta-lactam supersensitive mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017201 TI - [Mechanisms of the expression of cell-mediated immunity: cells and mediators involved in cell-mediated immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017200 TI - [A medium for the rapid glucose fermentation test to distinguish coagulase negative Staphylococci from Micrococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017202 TI - [Laboratory investigation of the complement system--its application and significance in clinical diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017204 TI - [Cytopathology of malignant neoplasia and borderline lesions. Part 2: Itemized discussion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017203 TI - [Serum ionized calcium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017205 TI - [Pathology and cytology of lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017206 TI - [Role of plasma norepinephrine for the prognosis and carbohydrate metabolism in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017208 TI - [Immunohistopathological studies of renal diseases. I, The classification and clinical significance of the immunofluorescent staining pattern of the glomerulus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017207 TI - [Microcirculation and substance exchange through it --- methods and principles. (4) The role of plasma colloid osmotic pressure in transcapillary fluid movement]. PMID- 7017209 TI - [Immunohistological studies of renal diseases. II. The clinical and histopathological significance of complement deposition in glomeruli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017210 TI - [A case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis B. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017211 TI - Effects of long-term treatments with captopril on blood pressure and renin activity in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Antihypertensive effects of captopril, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor were examined in the young and adult stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) rats. The treatment was initiated at 6-7 and 14-18 weeks of age, and was continued for 12 and 17 weeks, respectively. The dosage of captopril was changed stepwise 3-30 and 3-100 mg/kg, orally per day in the young and adult rats, respectively. The effects of hydralazine were also determined for comparison. Captopril had a chronic antihypertensive effect when given in doses of 30 mg/kg in the young and 100 mg/kg in the adult rats. Captopril had no significant effect on heart rate throughout the experiments, while hydralazine increased the heart rate. Treatment with captopril decreased the incidence of vascular disease in the young and the severity in the adult rats, respectively. A decrease in incidence of cerebral stroke in the adult SHRSP was also apparent. More than a ten fold increase in plasma renin activity and about a two fold increase in kidney renin activity were observed in both the young and adult SHRSP at the end of the treatments. The results demonstrate the efficacy of long-term treatment with captopril in the management of hypertensive disease in SHRSP rats. PMID- 7017212 TI - HLA-A, B, C and DR alloantigen expression on forty-six cultured human tumor cell lines. AB - Forty-six cultured cell lines of diverse human tumor origins, including 25 melanoma cell lines, were HLA allotyped with the use of a modified eosin complement-dependent cytotoxicity test in combination with absorption and two color fluorescence techniques. In 10 cases (1 renal cell carcinoma line and 9 melanoma cell lines), the cell line donors had been HLA typed a few years before the cell line-typing project had started and in 13 cases (1 renal cell carcinoma line and 12 melanoma cell lines), the cell line donors were currently available for comparative typing of lymphocytes. HLA-typing results suggested that most cell lines expressed genetically appropriate HLA antigens, although 1 cell line had more than two HLA antigens for one HLA locus and 2 cell lines lacked expression of one or more HLA antigens in comparison with donor typing. One hepatoma cell line, 1 of 2 of the bladder carcinoma cell lines tested, and 17 of the 25 melanoma cell lines expressed DR alloantigens in addition to their HLA-A, B, and C locus antigens. For 9 of the melanoma cell lines, comparisons with donor DR alloantigens could be made, and all these cell lines had exactly the same DR allospecificities as those found on donor B-lymphocytes. HLA typing of cell lines can be used as an adjunct to polymorphic isoenzyme marker tests to verify their patient source and lack of contamination by another cell line, and HLA typing should be used to determine the antigen composition of cells used in the preparation of reagents for immunotherapy or in studies of tumor-specific immunity. PMID- 7017213 TI - Growth characteristics of MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and response to anticancer agents. AB - We examined the growth characteristics and response to anticancer agents of the murine plasmacytoma MOPC-315, a rapidly growing and widely disseminating tumor syngeneic in BALB/c mice. The doubling time for the tumor was approximately 24 hours, and about 1 in 100 cells was tumorigenic. We developed a spleen colony assay for the clonogenic component of the tumor and used it to define the dose response relationships for various anticancer agents, including melphalan, cyclophosphamide, 1,3-bis(chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 5-fluouracil, gamma radiation, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, cytosine arabinoside, and vincristine. PMID- 7017214 TI - Five different adenomas derived from the rat adenohypophysis: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - With the use of electron microscopic morphology and immunochemistry, 5 tumors were studied: a spontaneous prolactin-producing adenoma (LEP rats); an estrogen induced intrasellar tumor (R-Amsterdam rats); and 3 transplanted tumors, MtT.W10 and MtT.W5 (WF rats) and MtT.F4 (F344 rats). All tumors were derived from rat adenohypophysis and are known to secrete prolactin, growth hormone, or adrenocorticotropic hormone. The spontaneous tumor consisted of a uniform population of cells containing only immunoreactive prolactin. In the estrogen induced tumor, prolactin and growth hormone were localized in separate cell types with the use of the immunoperoxidase technique. In the MtT.W10 tumor, both immunoreactive prolactin and growth hormone were observed in the same cell and in separate cell types. In the MtT.F4 and MtT.W5 tumors, one cell type was identified that was characterized by lack of morphologic differentiation, reduced secretory granule number, and inconclusive immunopositivity. PMID- 7017215 TI - The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. AB - Evidence that the various common types of cancer are largely avoidable diseases is reviewed. Life-style and other environmental factors are divided into a dozen categories, and for each category the evidence relating those particular factors to cancer onset rates is summarized. Where possible, an estimate is made of the percentage of current U.S. cancer mortality that might have been caused or avoided by that category of factors. These estimates are based chiefly on evidence from epidemiology, as the available evidence from animal and other laboratory studies cannot provide reliable human risk assessments. By far the largest reliably known percentage is the 30% of current U.S. cancer deaths that are due to tobacco, although it is possible that some nutritional factor(s) may eventually be found to be of comparable importance. The percentage of U.S. cancer deaths that are due to tobacco is still increasing, and must be expected to continue to increase for some years yet due to the delayed effects of the adoption of cigarettes in earlier decades. Trends in mortality and in onset rates for many separate types of cancer are studied in detail in appendixes to this paper. Biases in the available data on registration of new cases produce apparent trends in cancer incidence which are spurious. Biases also produce spurious trends in cancer incidence which are spurious. Biases also produce spurious trends in cancer death certification rates, especially among old people. In (and before) middle age, where the biases are smaller, there appear to be a few real increases and a few real decreases in mortality from some particular types of cancer, but there is no evidence of any generalized increase other than that due to tobacco. Moderate increases or decreases due to some new agent(s) or habit(s) might of course be overlooked in such large-scale analyses. But, such analyses do suggest that, apart from cancer of the respiratory tract, the types of cancer that are currently common are not peculiarly modern diseases and are likely to depend chiefly on some long-established factor(s). (A prospective study utilizing both questionnaires and stored blood and other biological materials might help elucidate these factors.) The proportion of current U.S. cancer deaths attributed to occupational factors is provisionally estimated as 4% (lung cancer being the major contributor to this). This is far smaller than has recently been suggested by various U.S. Government agencies. The matter could be resolved directly by a "case-control" study of lung cancer two or three times larger than the recently completed U.S. National Bladder Cancer Study but similar to it in methodology and unit costs; there are also other reasons for such a study. A fuller summary of conclusions and recommendations comprises the final section of this report. PMID- 7017216 TI - Use of in vitro tests in predictive cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7017217 TI - [Cellular autoimmunity and anti-islet cell antibodies in diabetics]. PMID- 7017218 TI - [Genetic markers and diabetes]. PMID- 7017219 TI - [Coxsackie virus and autoimmunity in the insulin-dependent diabetic]. PMID- 7017220 TI - [Claude Bernard and the Etiology of diabetes]. PMID- 7017222 TI - [Use of new methods of examination (sonography and tomodensitometry) in the diagnosis of diabetes]. PMID- 7017221 TI - [Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide in man]. PMID- 7017223 TI - [Diagnosis of idiopathic hemochromatosis in 1981]. PMID- 7017224 TI - [Single-component insulins and synthetic human insulin: clinical observations concerning allergy, resistance and lipoatrophy]. PMID- 7017225 TI - [Psychosocial aspects in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetics. Role of the health care team]. PMID- 7017227 TI - [The technic and stratagy of teaching insulin-treated adult diabetics]. PMID- 7017226 TI - [Hypoglycemia experienced by insulin-treated diabetics]. PMID- 7017228 TI - [Experience with education of insulin-treated diabetics with respect to a nonhomegeneous population in a large city]. PMID- 7017229 TI - [Postaglandins and pancreatic hormones]. PMID- 7017230 TI - [The education of the insulin-dependent diabetic "on location" (point of view of the on-site diabetologist)]. PMID- 7017231 TI - [Therapeutic methods of the psychiatrist in the case of "refusal" of treatment by the insulin-dependent diabetic]. PMID- 7017232 TI - [Opiates and carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 7017233 TI - [Neural control of the pancreas and the psychosomatic approach to the diabetic]. PMID- 7017234 TI - [Diabetes in Morocco: epidemiologic, clinical, developmental and social aspects]. PMID- 7017235 TI - [Central nervous sytem control of pancreatic hormones by neural pathways]. PMID- 7017236 TI - [Possible role of vagal insulin insecretion in obesity]. PMID- 7017237 TI - [Preservation and regeneration of residual function of the beta cells in insulin dependent diabetics]. PMID- 7017238 TI - Incidences of antibiotic resistant fecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy human in Tokyo area in 1978 and their conjugative R plasmids. PMID- 7017239 TI - [Social position and recognition of the nurse in the modern nursing history in Japan]. PMID- 7017240 TI - [Changes in nursing during the 30 years after the war]. PMID- 7017242 TI - [Changes in nursing in the 30 years following the end of the war]. PMID- 7017241 TI - [Passing of Ms. Fusae Ichikawa, a Senator who was active in promotion of women's position]. PMID- 7017243 TI - [Viral infections and the islands of Langerhans]. PMID- 7017245 TI - Studies on the renin-aldosterone system in the acute nephritic syndrome. PMID- 7017244 TI - Antithymocyte globulin in cadaver kidney transplantation: a randomized trial based on T-cell monitoring. AB - The influence of horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) on renal allograft survival was assayed between March 1977 and August 1978. Fifty consecutive patients were randomly assigned to the treatment or the control group. Patients in both groups received azathioprine and prednisolone. ATG was added in the experimental group. The daily dosage was such as to maintain the rosette-forming cell (RFC) level at 10% of baseline values. The number of renal failure episodes (RFE's)was significantly lower in the experimental group during the period (1 month) ATG was given than it was in the control group during that same period of time. Two years after transplantation, kidney survival was 79% in the ATG group and 52% in the control group. The amount of steroids necessary to control RFE's was significantly lower in the ATG group. The dosages of ATG used in the experimental group were relatively small (average daily dose, 3.08 +/- 0.26 mg/kg of body wt), and adverse reactions were mild. Blood tolerance was excellent. T cell monitoring thus appears to be an effective method in evaluating the daily dosage of ATG. PMID- 7017246 TI - Use of ultrasound for renal allograft biopsy. PMID- 7017247 TI - Immunologic and genetic aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7017248 TI - [Sealing of the pancreatic ducts: a new direction in pancreatic surgery]. PMID- 7017249 TI - [Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7017250 TI - [Needle for applying pi-shaped sutures to suturing liver injuries]. PMID- 7017251 TI - [Strabismus operation on rectus muscles (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of operations on rectus muscles is usually easy but indication is sometimes difficult and uncertain. These operations should bear repeating and therefore an appropriate technique should be used. The wide variety of results is considered in the hight of the author's own case material. Not only the extent of squint deviation, refraction but also sensory status, age, etc. play a role in selecting the aim, tuning and extent of the operation. Besides simple standard operations, special techniques such as "faden operation", "anse", etc., are discussed. PMID- 7017252 TI - [Cataract surgery (conventional) (author's transl)]. AB - The presently employed methods for cataract operations are characterized by a high success quota. Some details from the fields of anesthesia, separation of the lids, cutting and stitching form, stitching material, cryoextraction which contribute to this success quota are discussed. PMID- 7017253 TI - [Keratoplasty]. AB - The different indications for penetrating keratoplasty are discussed on the basis of the clinical results of the past five years. Keratoconus is the most important group, followed by other corneal dystrophies, metaherpetic keratitis, graft failures and corneal scars. The results are very good in the first two groups, much less so in the last two. Eyes with repeated keratoplasty have a bad prognosis. One-half of the regrafts become cloudy. The most important postoperative complications, such as wound dehiscence, glaucoma, allograft reaction and anterior synechias are discussed. PMID- 7017254 TI - [Measurement of the subcapsular pressure of allogeneic kidney transplants: a new method for postoperative transplant monitoring]. AB - The results presented here show the measurement of the subcapsular hydrostatic pressure (SHP) to be a suitable method for the postoperative monitoring of a allogeneic kidney transplants. The SHP of the kidney reflects the interstitial pressure of this organ. Disturbances in the graft of immunological or non immunological origin induce pressure increases with, for the most part, specific characteristics. An examination of the height and course of the mean subcapsular pressure level enables one to recognise and differentiate disturbances in transplant function at an early stage as well as assess their severity and duration. The results obtained so far show that the measurement of the subcapsular pressure is of particular significance in determining the extent of ischemic tubular damage, in early recognition of acute rejection and i assessing the effectiveness of immunosuppresive treatment for rejection. Repeated pressure measurements with the method described here can be performed with little technical outlay and without any stress for the patient. PMID- 7017256 TI - [Medical subjects in the works of V.M. Garshin (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7017257 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of ascites in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7017255 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia (author's transl)]. AB - From March 1975 until May 1980 twelve patients with severe aplastic anemia were grafted with bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings by the Munich Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Six patients are alive between 10 months and more than 5 years after grafting with normal blood values and marrow. One patient is treated as an out patient for chronic localized graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), five patients are well and without treatment. Six patients have died, one patient with a cerebral hemorrhage the day before transplantation, three patients following rejection of grafts 32, 40 and 55 days after grafting, one patient with severe GvHD 85 days after grafting and one patient, probably with interstitial pneumonia, following cerebral hemorrhage. Three of 6 patients who were conditioned with Cyclophosphamide (CY) only died following rejection of the graft. Two adults who were conditioned with CY and "total lymphoid irradiation" and three children, who wer given unirradiated leukocyte concentrates from the marrow donor after grafting, did not reject their grafts. The results of the Munich-Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation are comparable to those of large, specialized centers for bone marrow transplantation, they indicate possibilities of cure of severe aplastic anemia by marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. They confirm that better results are obtained with earlier transplantation in the course of the disease. PMID- 7017258 TI - [Role of metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 7017260 TI - [Treatment of obesity]. PMID- 7017259 TI - [ultrasonic diagnosis of digestive tract diseases]. PMID- 7017261 TI - [50th anniversary of the Central Institute of Graduate Training of Physicians]. PMID- 7017263 TI - [Medical heritage of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (on the 1000th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7017262 TI - [Rheological and blood coagulation control during treatment of diffuse kidney diseases]. PMID- 7017264 TI - [Suppurative-destructive lobitis]. PMID- 7017265 TI - [Importance of the scientific legacy of S. N. Davidenkov in the development of clinical genetics (on the century of his birth)]. PMID- 7017266 TI - [Reviewing the lectures of I. E. Diad'kovskii]. PMID- 7017267 TI - [Diagnosis of bronchopulmonary shunts by the indicator dilution method in lung diseases]. PMID- 7017268 TI - [Basal and postprandial serum gastrin in healthy persons and peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 7017269 TI - [Use of microelectronics technology in observing gastroenterology patients]. PMID- 7017270 TI - In vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium: Transition from in vivo grown to in vitro adaptation. PMID- 7017271 TI - [Corneal transplant: what possibilities does it offer the patient?]. PMID- 7017272 TI - Nutrient absorption in pigs. PMID- 7017273 TI - Simultaneous determination of diphenhydramine, methaqualone, diazepam and chlorpromazine in liver by use of enzyme digestion: a comparison of digestion procedures. PMID- 7017274 TI - Professor A. V. Hill. A personal tribute. PMID- 7017275 TI - Inhibition of tumor size by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7017276 TI - A proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of histidine-binding protein J of Salmonella typhimurium: a model for transport of L-histidine across cytoplasmic membrane. AB - Genetic evidence suggests that the high-affinity L-histidine transport in Salmonella typhimurium requires the participation of a periplasmic binding protein (histidine-binding protein J) and two other proteins (P and Q proteins). The histidine-binding protein J binds L-histidine as the first step in the high affinity active transport of this amino acid across the cytoplasmic membrane. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 600 MHz is used to investigate the conformations of this protein in the absence and presence of substrate. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance results reported by this laboratory have shown that there are extensive spectral changes in this protein upon the addition of L-histidine. When resonances from individual amino acid residues of a protein can be resolved in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, a great deal of detailed information about substrate-induced structural changes can be obtained. In order to gain a deeper insight into the nature of these structural changes, deuterated phenylalanine or tyrosine has been incorporated into the bacteria. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of selectively deuterated histidine-binding protein J were obtained and compared to the normal protein. Several of the proton resonances have been assigned to the various aromatic amino acid residues of this protein. A model for the high affinity transport of L-histidine across the cytoplasmic membrane of S typhimurium is proposed. This model, which is a version of the pore model, assumes that both P and Q proteins are membrane-bound and that the interface between these two proteins forms the channel for the passage of substrate. The histidine-binding protein J serves as the "key" for the opening of the channel for the passage of L-histidine. In the absence of substrate, this channel or gate is closed owing to a lack of appropriate interactions among these three proteins. The channel can be opened upon receiving a specific signal from the "key"; namely, the substrate-induced conformational changes in the histidine-binding protein J molecule. This model is consistent with available experimental evidence for the high-affinity transport of L-histidine across the cytoplasmic membrane of S typhimurium. PMID- 7017277 TI - Genetic studies on mechanisms of protein localization in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - In the last few years, several laboratories have demonstrated that many proteins (both from eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms) that are destined to be localized in noncytoplasmic locations initially are synthesized as a precursor with a 15-30 amino acid extension at the NH2-terminal end of the molecule. This extra peptide has been termed the signal sequence, and it has been proposed that this signal plays a role in the localization of the extracytoplasmic protein. We are studying the process by which proteins are exported to the envelope region of Escherichia coli. Our work deals primarily with the outer membrane proteins, lambda receptor, the product of the lamB gene, and the major outer membrane (porin) proteins 1a and 1b, products of the ompF and ompC genes. Using techniques of gene fusion, we have demonstrated that information specifying the cellular location of the lambda receptor is contained within the lamB gene. Furthermore, we have shown that this information is capable of directing even a normally cytoplasmic protein, beta-galactosidase, to the outer membrane. Some of this information is contained within the signal sequence. Mutations that alter this sequence prevent export of the lambda receptor protein. Again using techniques of gene fusion, we have shown that the signal sequence alone is not sufficient to cause export of beta-galactosidase from the cytoplasm. Other information within the lamB gene is required. Selection procedures have been developed to isolate mutations that exhibit a general alteration in the export process. Genetic analysis of these mutations has provided evidence for the involvement of the ribosome in the process of protein localization. The structural genes for the porin proteins, 1a and 1b, are regulated at the transcriptional level by the ompB locus. This has permitted us to extend our studies on outer membrane protein localization to protein 1. With this genetic system, it should be possible to determine if E coli employs more than a single mechanism for the export of proteins to the outer membrane. PMID- 7017278 TI - Control of animal cell proliferation. AB - Present understanding of the control of animal cell proliferation is summarized briefly. Major gaps in present knowledge are listed. Models of growth control are discussed. PMID- 7017279 TI - Chicken tissue binding sites for a purified chicken lectin. AB - A lactose-binding lectin previously purified from embryonic chicken muscle and adult chicken liver, and here referred to as chicken-lactose-lectin-I (CLL-I), was added to sections of various adult chicken tissues to detect available binding sites. Both the sites of binding of added CLL-I as well as the tissue distribution of endogenous CLL-I were determined by indirect immunofluorescence using a rabbit antibody to CLL-I followed by fluorescent goat anti-rabbit IgG. Some tissues such as intestine and kidney showed abundant extracellular binding sites for the lectin, primarily between cells, in basement membrane, and in material on the luminal surface. In contrast, adult heart showed no significant binding sites for CLL-I. Adult pancreas showed considerable endogenous CLL-I in an extracellular site surrounding exocrine lobules, but added CLL-I did not bind substantially. The distribution of CLL-I binding sites in intestine were mimicked by those of purpurin, another lactose-binding lectin. CLL-I binding sites were also detected on the surface of cultured chick embryo skin fibroblasts. The factors controlling the specific distribution of occupied and unoccupied CLL-I binding sites are not known. PMID- 7017280 TI - The role of colony-stimulating factor in granulopoiesis. PMID- 7017281 TI - Alterations in the responsiveness of diabetic fibroblasts to insulin. AB - Fibroblastic cultures from the skin of nondiabetic and diabetic (db/db) mice have been used to investigate alterations in the biological responses of diabetic cells to insulin. Confluent cultures from the skin of both nondiabetic and diabetic animals possess specific receptors for insulin. Diabetic fibroblasts exhibit only 36% as mich specific binding of insulin as nondiabetic fibroblasts, because of a decrease in the total number of binding sites, without a change in binding affinity. Insulin caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in the rate of 2-deoxy D-glucose (dGlc) uptake and in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of both nondiabetic and diabetic fibroblasts. In nondiabetic cells, half-maximal increase in dGlc uptake was obtained with 0.3 nM insulin, and a maximum increase of 120% was obtained with 4.1 nM insulin. In contrast, diabetic cultures required 0.8 nM insulin for a half-maximal increase in dGlc uptake, and maximum stimulation with 4.1 nM insulin was only 50% above control levels. With 4-fold higher insulin concentrations, ODC activity of diabetic cells was only 40% that of non-diabetic cells. In nondiabetic cells, doing regulation of insulin receptors by insulin abolished the ability of insulin to stimulate dGlc uptake. These results demonstrate that cells cultured from diabetic animals, which possess a decreased number of insulin receptors, also exhibit decreased stimulated of deoxy D-glucose uptake and ornithine decarboxylase activity by insulin. PMID- 7017283 TI - Current literature. PMID- 7017282 TI - Regulation of high-affinity leucine transport in Escherichia coli. AB - Leucine is transported into E coli by two osmotic shock-sensitive, high-affinity systems (LIV-I and leucine-specific systems) and one membrane bound, low-affinity system (LIV-II). Expression of the high-affinity transport systems is altered by mutations in livR and 1stR, genes for negatively acting regulatory elements, and by mutations in rho, the gene for transcription termination. All four genes for high-affinity leucine transport (livJ, livK, livH, and livG) are closely linked and have been cloned on a plasmid vector, pOX1. Several subcloned fragments of this plasmid have been prepared and used in complementation and regulation studies. The results of these studies suggest that livJ and livK are separated by approximately one kilobase and give a gene order of livJ-livK-livH. livJ and livK appear to be regulated in an interdependent fashion; livK is expressed maximally when the livJ gene is activated by mutation or deletion. The results support the existence of separate promotors for the livJ and livK genes. The effects of mutations in the rho and livR genes are additive on one another and therefore appear to be involved in independent regulatory mechanisms. Mutations in the rho gene affect both the LIV-I and leucine-specific transport systems by increasing the expression of livJ and livK, genes for the LIV-specific and leucine-specific binding proteins, respectively. PMID- 7017284 TI - Malignant tumor emboli to the peripheral vessels. AB - The first case of tumor emboli trapped in a popliteal aneurysm and the longest survivor for this condition are reported. The characteristics of 25 cases reported in the literature since 1940 and the mechanism of tumor spread are reviewed. Tumor emboli represent the late stage of a malignancy and treatment does not seem to affect long-term survival. PMID- 7017285 TI - Comparison of histologic subtypes of multiple biopsies of malignant lymphoma. AB - This is a retrospective study of 163 patients with Hodgkin disease and 364 patients with other lymphomas who were admitted to one Cancer Hospital (1940- 1971). All the histological slides were reviewed and reclassified by one pathologist. In patients who had multiple and sequential biopsies (16 with Hodgkin disease and 97 with non-Hodgkin lymphomas), the histological subtypes remained the same in over 60% of the cases. When changes did occur, the neoplasms progressed toward histologically more malignant forms. PMID- 7017286 TI - Sundry episodes in the history of coca and cocaine. PMID- 7017287 TI - Coca and cocaine as medicines: an historical review. AB - Coca has been used in folk medicine in South America for thousands of years both as a general stimulant and for more specific medical purposes. It remains one of the most commonly used medicines in some areas of Bolivia and Peru. The medical use of coca and cocaine in the industrial world has a more dramatic and varied history. Coca extract and cocaine were introduced as pancreas for a wide variety of complaints in the late 19th century. Cocaine was the first effective local anesthetic; prescription drugs, patent medicine, and soda drinks containing it were also popular. When its dangers became apparent and substitutes became available, its medical use went into decline, especially when, in the 1930s, amphetamine began to replace it for some purposes. Today its only generally accepted medical use is as a topical anesthetic in certain kinds of minor surgery and other clinical procedures. There are, however, some recent and so far uncertain signs of reviving interest in cocaine and even coca itself for other medical purposes, in research as well as in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7017289 TI - Amazonian coca. AB - A general overview of various aspects of Amazonian coca (Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu) is presented. This plant is considered a distinct variety of coca which has been developed as a cultivated plant in the upper Amazon basin. It differs from typical Andean coca in morphological, physiological and chemical features as well as in the method of preparation and use by Amazonian tribes. The main topics here discussed are the history, distribution, botany, chemistry, origin, methods of preparation and use, and the effects of Amazonian coca. PMID- 7017288 TI - Social function of coca in pre-Columbian American. PMID- 7017290 TI - Guide to the analysis of cocaine and its metabolites in biological material. PMID- 7017291 TI - Penetrating bullet wound of chest with bronchoscopic removal of bullet. AB - A case history is presented of a patient with a penetrating bullet wound of the chest in whom the 0.38 caliber bullet was unexpectedly found entirely within the lumen of the right lower lobe bronchus at bronchoscopy. A second bullet penetrating the abdomen necessitated an extensive abdominal operation and delayed removal of the intrabronchial bullet by 1 day. During the 1 day interval, distal migration of the intrabronchial bullet caused technical problems in removal which are discussed. The bullet was successfully removed with a rigid bronchoscope without subsequent complications. The limited literature on this rare occurrence is reviewed, and suggestions are made concerning management. PMID- 7017292 TI - Chromosomal, histopathological and cell surface marker studies on Moloney virus induced lymphomas. PMID- 7017294 TI - [Theory and methods of inhalation therapy]. PMID- 7017293 TI - A chronic stereotaxic guide-tube platform for intracranial infections in macaques. AB - Intracranial injection is a valuable method for testing the effects of pharmacologic agents on the central nervous system or specific areas of the brain with minimal peripheral effects. Improved apparatus and techniques have made it possible to treat the same site repeatedly over extended periods of time in unrestrained subjects. Methods are described for the construction and implantation of a durable platform that assures stereotaxic accuracy of intracranial injections for up to two years. The design and use of two kinds of injection cannula for intracerebroventricular and intracerebral injections of one or a few microliters are described in detail. The apparatus and methods have been used in studies of large number of rhesus, longtailed, and pigtailed macaques over a period of several years. The influence of species characteristics and skull growth on the effectiveness of the techniques is discussed. PMID- 7017295 TI - Rooming-in: a reassessment. PMID- 7017296 TI - Analysis of the age-related refractoriness of T-lymphocyte reactivity in humans. AB - Aged individuals could be divided into two groups according to their T-lymphocyte transformation values. The relationship between the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) stimulation indices and spontaneous thymidine incorporation; the PHA dose response type distribution and the relative number of resting T lymphocytes was similar to the control group in aged subjects of seemingly intact T lymphocyte transformation values. However, their B cell compartment was found to be reduced. On the other hand, the ratio between the stimulation indices and spontaneous thymidine incorporation values of aged subjects of impaired T lymphocyte reactivity deviated from that of the control group. This group had an increased frequency of subjects giving maximal transformation values at relatively high PHA doses (hyposensitives) at the expense of normosensitives and showed reduced numbers of resting T cells, but normal B cell compartment. These results suggest that immunodeficiencies developing with age can possibly be of individually different types. PMID- 7017297 TI - Modifying effect of aging on chemical carcinogenesis. A review. AB - The age-associated elevation in tumor incidence is generally attributed to the age-related accumulation of a total effective dose of carcinogenic agents and/or time of exposure, or is regarded as a consequence of disturbances of the hormono metabolic pattern and the decline in immunity vigor with increasing age. This review deals with the data available on the peculiarities of realization of the effect of different carcinogenic chemicals in various tissues of young mature and old animals. The results of the analysis of the literature data show that aging may involve either an increase or a decrease in the sensitivity of tissues and the whole organism to the action of carcinogenic chemicals or no changes at all. These differences are due to the specific characteristics of the age-associated dynamics of activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the proliferative activity of target tissue controlled by hormonal factors and chalones. PMID- 7017298 TI - [Phase II-III- study of cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (cisplatinum) (author's transl)]. AB - A phase II-III study with cisplatinum alone or in combination was carried in 227 patients with advanced tumors. 21 received cisplatinum at 20 mg/mg2 daily five days. The other 206 patients received cisplatinum in different dosage and combination. In both groups of patients cisplatinum was given with hydratation and mannitol forced diuresis. There were 4 partial responders (19%) in the first group of patients and 117 responses (56,7%) in the other group with 43 complete responses in 35 germ cell tumors and 6 small cell lung cancer. Toxicity included 2 irreversible renal failure (0,8%), one in each group of patients. Clearance creatinine was below 50 ml/min before treatment in 22/227 (9,6%) of patients. Other toxic effects included gastrointestinal (100%) neurologic with paresthesias and electrophysiologic changes and hematologic suppression. We concluded that cisplatinum is a new effective agent in the treatment pf malignant diseases to be used every time in combination with other anticancer drugs. PMID- 7017299 TI - [Toxic effects of antiepileptic drugs: review of 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 100 epileptic patients in whom the incidence of toxic effects due to antiepileptic drugs was retrospectively studied form the basis of this report. The appearance of toxic effects depended mainly on the number of drugs used, the length of therapy and the evolution of the epileptic crisis; they were more important in focal epilepsies, which were those with more resistance to therapeutic control and requiring increasing number and doses of antiepileptic drugs. Some side effects were observed in 60% of the patients involving generally the nervous system, skin, connective tissue, skeletal system, and hematopoietic organs. The drugs had to be reduced in 19% of these patients because of excessive sedation, mild central nervous system intoxication and various psychological effects, while treatment had to be changed in 11% due to acute intoxication with skin involvement, hematologic alterations and excessive sedation. PMID- 7017300 TI - Airway responsiveness and chronic airway obstruction. PMID- 7017302 TI - Exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. AB - Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases demonstrate exercise limitation as a consequence of both an increased ventilatory requirement and a decreased ventilatory capacity. The increased ventilatory requirement arises from the elevated wasted ventilation fraction of each breath (VD/VT) and hypoxemia secondary to ventilation-perfusion mismatching, both of which stimulate minute ventilation of increase. The reduced ventilatory capacity is primarily the result of airflow obstruction, which causes an increased work of breathing. Respiratory muscle fatigue may also play a role in reducing ventilatory capacity. The differentiation of heart failure from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases as a cause of dyspnea can be accomplished using a variety of noninvasive and invasive techniques during exercise, including measurements of minute ventilation, the expiratory airflow pattern, ventilatory reserve (VEmax/MVV), ventilatory efficiency (VD/VT), arterial blood gases, the anaerobic threshold, heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary hemodynamics and ventricular ejection fraction. Exercise training of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases improves exercise intolerance but appears to have little effect on pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases and pulmonary hemodynamics. Supplemental oxygen during exercise training may be a useful adjunct for improving exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7017301 TI - Cardiovascular performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7017303 TI - Sleep disorders in chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Sleep is the period of greatest physiologic disturbance in chronic airflow obstruction and so is likely the time of greatest danger to these patients. Sleep in these patients aggravates gas exchange abnormalities resulting in secondary pulmonary hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanism of these disturbances is not fully explained, but patients with chronic airflow obstruction do not characteristically have the sleep apnea syndrome. Patients with chronic airflow obstruction sleep badly, with less rapid eye movement sleep and increased sleep stage changes. Nocturnal oxygen therapy helps relieve pulmonary hypertension and may decrease cardiac arrhythmia, but has no effect on sleep profile. PMID- 7017304 TI - Comprehensive respiratory care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7017305 TI - Pathogenesis of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7017308 TI - Centenary nurses' graduation, the Prince Henry and the Prince of Wales Hospitals. PMID- 7017307 TI - Airways obstruction in occupational pulmonary disease. PMID- 7017309 TI - Looking back: Lister. PMID- 7017310 TI - Directory of otolaryngologic societies. PMID- 7017306 TI - Airway changes in young smokers that may antedate chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7017311 TI - Tympanostomy tubes in the otitis media prone child. AB - Otitis media has long been recognized as one of the most common diseases of childhood. A prospective randomized study was designed with patients who had multiple episodes of acute purulent otitis media. Comparison of infection rates was made between patients treated with conventional antibiotic therapy for each episode and patients who had tympanostomy tubes placed. Placement of tympanostomy tubes significantly decreased the number of episodes of acute purulent otitis media and was shown to be an effective method of prophylaxis in the "otitis prone" child. Immunoglobulin levels in the middle ear in this group of patients were found to be similar to those levels in patients with otitis media with effusion. This supports the hypothesis that a dynamic relationship between the different clinical entities of otitis media exists. PMID- 7017312 TI - The effect of hemolyzed erythrocytes in the virulence of Escherichia coli and of normal human oral flora in a mouse model. AB - Hemoglobin enhances the virulence of E. coli in the peritoneum. This study investigates the effect of blood on the virulence of E. coli and human oral anaerobes in the mouse neck. E. coli neck infectivity is significantly enhanced by blood. Oral anaerobic infections are not affected. PMID- 7017315 TI - Improved survival for patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck treated with methotrexate-leucovorin prior to definitive radiotherapy or surgery. AB - Patients presenting with Stage III-IV squamous carcinoma of the head and neck often relapse following aggressive surgery and/or radiotherapy. In an attempt to increase survival in this high risk group of patients, HD-MTX, 3 gm./m2/dose, given weekly, was administered to 21 inoperable patients with Stage III/IV squamous carcinoma of head and neck prior to, and for 1 month after, definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy. Six of 11 patients (55%) who showed a significant response (greater than 50% reduction in tumor volume) to HD-MTX are alive and free of tumor greater than 38 months following treatment (p = 0.6) (Fisher Exact Test). Responder median survival is greater than 38 months while non-responder median survival is 15 months (p = .02) (Log Rank Test). For the entire treatment group, at a mean duration of 44.2 months following initiation of therapy, 7 patients (33%) remain alive and free of tumor. Patients responding to induction MTX-LCV more often become eligible for combined modality approach than did the non-responder group. This "downstaging" of the tumor prior to aggressive surgery or radiotherapy may be responsible for the increased survival rate seen in those patients who responded to MTX-LCV. PMID- 7017314 TI - Plasmacytoma arising in the vicinity of a foreign body in the nasal cavity. AB - The development of a plasmacytoma in the vicinity of a long residing metallic foreign body in the nasal cavity is presented. In spite of the multitude of reports concerning neoplasma associated with trauma, most of which arise in chronic scars, this presentation is very rare. It is speculated that the plasma cell proliferation, occurring nearby the foreign body, roots from an immunologic and granulomatous reaction. This case is discussed in light of the vast data on foreign body tumorigenesis obtained from laboratory animals, and the implications of this data are outlined. Further attention should be drawn to the clinical associations of malignant processes co-existing with long-standing foreign bodies. PMID- 7017313 TI - Irradiation autogenous mandibular grafts in primary reconstructions. AB - The procedure, irradiated mandibular autografts, for primary reconstruction, is presented with an immediate success rate of 88%. Eight cases have undergone primary mandibular reconstruction with the tumorous mandible irradiated to 10,000 rads in a single dose. The longest follow-up is 2 3/4 years. The autograft has proven to be an ideal implant. Major resections of the mandible in conjunction with large myocutaneous flaps have been reconstructed utilizing this implant. PMID- 7017316 TI - Does the suppression of the immune response in pre-clinical lepromatous leprosy affect both cell-mediated and humoral responses in Mycobacterium leprae antigens? PMID- 7017317 TI - ELISA inhibition technique for the demonstration of sulphones in body fluids. II. A new method to monitor leprosy patient compliance under field conditions. PMID- 7017318 TI - Activity of four clofazimine analogues against Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7017319 TI - The mononuclear cell series in leprosy: an ultrastructural report. PMID- 7017320 TI - Selective loss of Mycobacterium leprae responsiveness of circulating lymphocytes in primary neuritic leprosy. PMID- 7017322 TI - Leprosy and Curieuse Island. PMID- 7017321 TI - Obituary: Jose N Rodriguez, MD; CPH (Hopkins); MPH (Hopkins) (1897-1980). PMID- 7017323 TI - [Plasma renin activity in patients with acute renal failure treated with furosemide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017324 TI - [Controlled cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer compared with the traditional ulcer disease treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017325 TI - Nucleolar localization of protein B23 (37/5.1) by immunocytochemical techniques. PMID- 7017326 TI - A critical physiological role of zinc in the structure and function of biomembranes. PMID- 7017327 TI - The role of nigral projections to the thalamus in drug-induced circling behaviour in the rat. PMID- 7017328 TI - Diet-induced changes in sympathoadrenal activity: implications for thermogenesis. PMID- 7017329 TI - Effects of diazoxide on insulin secretion and metabolic efficiency in the db/db mouse. PMID- 7017330 TI - Identification of enteric hormones with insulin-releasing activity. PMID- 7017331 TI - Hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7017332 TI - [Experimental basis for the thermal and radiotherapy of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7017333 TI - [Articles on physiotherapy printed in the journal, Meditsinskaia sestra, over 1970-1980]. PMID- 7017334 TI - [Kaunas P. Mazhilis Medical School]. PMID- 7017335 TI - Cardiac transplantation and the primary physician. PMID- 7017336 TI - [Imported malaria in Marseilles area and epidemiological aspects of 164 hospitalized cases from 1973 to 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - In Marseilles, 250 medical practitioners have been questioned about imported malaria cases observed in their medical practice. In 1978, they confirmed parasitologically 18 malaria cases of which only 2 cases were admitted to an hospital; in 44 other suspected cases, the diagnosis was probable from epidemiological, clinical, immunological and therapeutical arguments. Considering the number of medical practitioners in the city and the number of confirmed hospital cases of imported malaria during the same year, more cases have been treated outside the city hospitals. Between 1973 and 1978, 164 confirmed hospital cases of imported malaria occurred in Marseilles. The collected epidemiological data indicate the recent increase of the annual incidence and an equal number of cases in immigrants and in people returning from the topics. Among them, tourists, servicemen and merchant seamen are the groups most at risk. A high proportion of infections are with P. falciparum (67 p. 100), mainly from Africa, Malagasy and Comores. The diagnosis is only confirmed on an average of 5 days after the first medical advice and 2 patients died from P. falciparum infections. Travellers to tropical countries are often careless about taking prophylactic drugs. PMID- 7017337 TI - [Malaria pattern in French Guyana (author's transl)]. AB - Study of malaria pattern in French Guyana from 121.175 parasitological data collected from 1970 to 1979. -- General incidence is moderate (6,4 p. 1.000) and the mean plasmodial index is 2,7 p. 100. These paludometric data have much increased in 1973 (9,7 p. 1.000 and 5 p. 100) and 1979 (10,8 p. 1.000 and 4 p. 100). This is the consequence of two convergent factors both strengthening vectors activity: a flow of malaria infested immigrants and meteorologic conditions (lengthy drought). Plasmodial species involved are P. falciparum (84 p. 100) and P. vivax (15 p. 100), P. malariae having just a negligible role. However, it must be noted that from 1977, P. vivax, already prevalent in Oyapok, seems to become more frequently rated. -- True autochtonous malaria is localized in border areas; exchanges from both sides of the river are frequent and call for a regional coordination control. A part of these permanently active micro-foci, periodic rises observed are related, in almost all cases, to the arrival of malaria infested migrants. This is specially obvious in Cayenne Island where a sanitary control of migrants from endemic areas should be considered. -- A. (N.) darlingi is in French Guyana the almost sole vector, except for Upper-Oyapok where A. (K.) neivai is responsible for a malaria caused by Bromeliaceae. In exceptional conditions and localized foci A. (N.) braziliensis and less often A. (N.) aquasalis may be effective vectors. -- Anti-vector measures require an increased control at preimaginal stade. This public-health additional option calls for an integrated control: Cayenne Island conditions are assembled to design and evaluate a model. PMID- 7017338 TI - [Trachomatous tarsitis: its consequences and their surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Trachomatous tarsitis is characterized by personal criteria the development of a fibrous and retractile scar tissue inducing cirrhosis with static and hemodynamic changes of the eye lid: lesions of the ciliary stratum, entropion and trichiasis which in their turn give a range of conjunctivocorneal complications, the ultimate stage being xerosis and blindness. To avoid this kind of evolution some easy surgical technics are available. The option between them is mainly oriented by personal criteria and the following pattern may be proposed: -- For upper lid, in regard to degree of tarsis hypertrophy, either Trabut's tarsotomy, or Streatfield-Snellen's tarsectomy, or a joint intervention of Cuenod and Nataf, might be selected. -- For lower lid and in children, the Trabut's transconjunctival tarsotomy is recommended. -- In relapsing cases and when trichiasis prevails over entropion, Van Millingen's marginoplasty will give satisfactory results. PMID- 7017339 TI - Histoplasmosis in normal hosts. PMID- 7017340 TI - Subcutaneous, isogeneic transplantation of duct-ligated pancreas in streptozotocin diabetic mice II. Hormone storage as a function of time and of the recipient's initial glycemic state. AB - Between 7 and 18 wk after transplantation, the insulin contained in duct-ligated, pancreas transplants increased twofold whereas glucagon content showed no significant change. Insulin contents of the recipient's own endogenous pancreas, though severely depleted after streptozotocin injection, also showed a twofold increase. The combined insulin reserves in transplant in mice at 18 wk which totaled 30% of that in aged-matched, normal controls was still insufficient to promote normal tolerance and insulin response to intravenously injected glucose. In a second experiment reported herein, we found that the insulin and glucagon reserves in ten week-old transplants were not significantly different between recipients that were either diabetic (streptozotocin-treated) or nondiabetic at the time of transplantation. Thus, the initial glucose levels in the host environment, whether elevated or not, did not differentially effect the level of hormones eventually accumulated in transplants. PMID- 7017341 TI - Profiles of metabolic control in diabetic children-frequency of asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia. AB - Twenty-four hr glucose and hormonal monitoring was conducted in 34 randomly selected children with insulin dependent diabetes. Asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia was present in 18% (6/34). The nocturnal plasma glucose decline of 20-25 mg/dl/hr reached a mean nadir of 50 mg/dl. The mean rebound hyperglycemia of 300 mg/dl over the subsequent 6.4 hrs. was significantly greater than any glucose excursion in diabetic children with daytime, symptomatic hypoglycemia (n = 5) or in those with non-hypoglycemic profiles (n = 23). Coincident with the nocturnal decline, but preceding the glucose nadir, was a marked release of growth hormone which was significantly greater (p less than .05) than that observed in the other diabetic groups. This release of growth hormone, and the nocturnal hypoglycemia, were reflected in the ratio of awake/sleep mean concentrations of glucose and growth hormone. These data support the speculation that growth hormone release contribute to the hyperglycemic rebound observed. Mean 24 hr growth hormone concentrations varied considerably from patient to patient such that a generalization for growth hormone concentrations in insulin dependent diabetes cannot be made. Asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia is a frequent complication of the therapy of insulin dependent diabetes. Subsequent hyperglycemic rebound (the "Somogyi Effect") is associated with exuberant counterregulatory release of growth hormone. The precise pathophysiological role of this growth hormone release is unclear. PMID- 7017342 TI - A role for insulin in the diet-induced thermogenesis of cafeteria-fed rats. AB - Rats fed a varied and palatable "cafeteria" diet exhibited hyperphagia, increases in resting metabolic rate (VO2) and the thermogenic response to noradrenaline as well as hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT). In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, cafeteria feeding failed to produce increases in VO2 or the response to noradrenaline, although BAT mass was greater than in their respective stockfed controls. Replacement doses of insulin (protamine-zinc-insulin, PZI) at two levels (2 and 4 units/rat every alternate day) failed to restore the thermogenic response of diabetic rats to the cafeteria diet. Acute replacement (8 units PZI) 12hr before the measurements resulted in resting and noradrenaline-stimulated values for VO2 that were similar to those of non-diabetic cafeteria rats. These findings suggest an insulin requirement for diet-induced thermogenesis and the failure of diabetic rats to maintain body temperature when exposed to cold (5 degrees C) suggests a further insulin requirement for cold-induced thermogenesis. In non-diabetic cafeteria rats, plasma insulin levels were significantly lower than those of stock fed controls in spite of a high carbohydrate intake and normal blood glucose. PMID- 7017344 TI - The measurement of performance in probabilistic diagnosis. IV. Utility considerations in therapeutics and prognostics. PMID- 7017343 TI - Effects of mild hyperinsulinemia on the metabolic response to exercise. AB - To assess the effects of mild hyperinsulinemia on the metabolic adaptations to exercise, five normal male subjects were studied during 2 cycles of 30 min rest followed by 60 min mild exercise. During one cycle, insulin was infused at a rate of 0.33 mU/kg/min. During both cycles, plasma glucose concentration was kept constant by a glucose-controlled glucose infusion system. Studies with and without insulin were performed in random order, with 30 min between studies. During the insulin infusion, plasma non-esterified fatty acids fell during rest and failed to rise with exercise, indicating a limited availability of this substrate to working muscle. Insulin infusion also inhibited the expected rise in glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate normally observed during exercise. Plasma lactate concentrations at the completion of exercise with insulin infusion were higher than after exercise without insulin infusion. Greater metabolic dependence on carbohydrate metabolism is suggested by an increased respiratory quotient during insulin infusion. Insulin infusion had no significant effect on the amount of glucose which needed to be infused for maintaining a constant plasma glucose during rest, but there was a large and significant difference in the need for infused glucose during exercise with and without insulin infusion. The results indicate that even mild hyperinsulinism interferes with normal metabolic responses to exercise, and suggest that fall in insulin concentration seen with exercise is an important regulatory process, not merely a secondary consequences of a declining plasma glucose level. PMID- 7017345 TI - The measurement of performance in probabilistic diagnosis. V. General recommendations. PMID- 7017346 TI - An improved method for two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis: analysis of mutationally altered ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - An improved method for the two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins on acrylamide gel slabs has been developed by combining the procedures for the first dimension of Mets and Bogorad (1974) and for the second dimension of Kaltschmidt and Wittmann (1970) and by introducing several modifications. Ribosomal proteins of various Escherichia coli mutants have been analyzed by the new method. Advantages are that (1) it requires only small amounts of protein (100-200 micrograms 70S ribosomal proteins), (2) reproducibility is very high, and (3) it makes it easier to identify mutational alterations in proteins S10, L4, L10, and L21 which hardly migrate out of the sample gel with our previous electrophoresis procedure. Furthermore, the new method can be nicely adapted to analysis of the ribosomal proteins from other organisms, such as Bacilli or yeast. PMID- 7017347 TI - Isolation of yeast mutants sensitive to the bifunctional alkylating agent nitrogen mustard. AB - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with enhanced sensitivity to the DNA cross linking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) have been isolated and partially characterized with respect to their phenotypic and genetic properties. The screening technique, based on HN2-sensitivity as sole criterion, yields approxiamtely 1 sensitive isolate in 200 clones when applied to an intensively mutagenized population of a resistant parent strain. Mutants characterized so far are all due to recessive nuclear genes and represent at least seven complementation groups. They exhibit different degrees as well as different patterns of sensitivity towards monofunctional and bifunctional alkylating agents, and ultraviolet light. PMID- 7017348 TI - Organization of genes in the four minute region of the Escherichia coli chromosome: evidence that rpsB and tsf are co-transcribed. AB - Restriction endonuclease-generated DNA fragments of lambda polC-9 (Friesen et al. 1976) have been cloned on plasmid vehicles. Expression of genes carried by these plasmids was determined either by genetic complementation of the appropriate mutants, or in ultraviolet-irradiated cells. On the basis of these experiments we have inferred the following gene order in the four minute region of the Escherichia coli chromosome: tonA-dapD4-dapD2-rpsB-tsf-22 kilodalton protein - fir 27,000-firA-dnaE. We suggest that rpsB and tsf are in one transcriptional unit, with rpsB being promoter-proximal. We also suggest the possible position of the promoter for dnaE. PMID- 7017350 TI - Petite-negative mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A series of yeast mutants has been isolated with the inability to grow on fermentable carbon sources whilst growing normally on ethanol media. One of the mutants, namely MC16/206 lacks pyruvate decarboxylase activity and does not grow on glucose at 37 degrees C but grows on both ethanol and glucose at 27 degrees C. In this strain rho- petites are non-viable. PMID- 7017349 TI - A novel form of suppression due to an altered RNA polymerase. AB - A group of mutants isolated from E coli K12(tif-1) display a very pleiotropic phenotype. The main characteristic of these mutants, temporarily designated 'S' strains, is their ability to suppress a large number of mutations. High efficiency of suppression is correlated with increased thermolability of cellular proteins, indicating an impairment in the fidelity of protein synthesis. Efficient suppression is also accompanied by the appearance of new characteristics like simultaneous resistance to several antibiotic drugs (Sm, Spc, and Mer), and plasmid-like DNA circles. Genetic studies show that the suppressor character is located in the rpoBC region. In a large number of spontaneous Rifr mutants, isolated from these strains, suppression or resistance to drugs is lost. The findings suggest that the phenotype of 'S' strains is due to an altered RNA polymerase causing erroneous transcription. PMID- 7017351 TI - Chromosome replication following a temporary inhibition of DNA-synthesis by nalidixic acid in a temperature-sensitive dnaA mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - Chromosome replication cycle in a DNA initiation mutant of Escherichia coli (CRT 83, dnaAts) was blocked by nalidixic acid, an inhibitor of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. Following a period of inhibition of DNA synthesis, the drug was removed and "run-out" DNA synthesis was examined. It was found that the "capacity" for DNA synthesis was not affected by such a treatment. PMID- 7017352 TI - Meiotic mapping of the nuclear determinant of cell lysis of the osmotic dependent Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant VY1160 . PMID- 7017353 TI - A method for studying the effect of inhibitors on the development of the isolated gonidia of Volvox tertius. AB - During asexual reproduction in Volvox tertius, a single cell, the gonidium, contained within the parental spheroid, undergoes enlargement followed by multiple cleavages. A method has been developed for the isolation and maintenance of gonidia in vitro in paraffin chambers. In these chambers development of the gonidium to a multicellular spheroid and subsequent inversion was apparently normal. The paraffin chambers allowed the monitoring of the effects of inhibitors on development without the possible interference of the parental spheroid. Enlargement and division of isolated gonidia was prevented by actinomycin D, cycloheximide and streptomycin. Division but not enlargement was inhibited by 5 fluorouracil, mitomycin C and ethidium bromide. Colchicine at high concentrations prevented inversion, as did streptomycin, cycloheximide and actinomycin D. PMID- 7017355 TI - [Methods of analysing bacterial cultures]. PMID- 7017354 TI - [Increase in yeast and bacterial sensitivity to inhibitors and riboflavin as affected by high sulfate and phosphate concentrations]. AB - Cultivation of the yeast Pichia guilliermondii in a medium with a high content of sulfate or phosphate ions (0.6 M and higher) increased its susceptibility to actinomycin D and 7-methyl-8-trifluoromethyl 10-(1'-D-ribityl)isoalloxazin, and analog of riboflavin, and decreased the requirement of the riboflavin-dependent mutant P7 in exogenous vitamin B2. The protoplasts of the yeast were also very susceptible to actinomycin D when they were incubated in a medium with a high sulfate concentration. Sulfate and phosphate ions elevated the susceptibility to actinomycin D in the following yeasts, apart from P. guilliermondii: Pichia pinus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis candida, hansenula polymorpha, Schwanniomyces occidentalis, Candida utilis and Candida tropicalis. The growth of Escherichia coli was also very susceptible to actinomycin D when the bacterium was cultivated in medium with an elevated phosphate concentration (0.2 M). High phosphate or sulfate concentrations can be used in experiments aimed at studying the effect of transcription inhibitors (actinomycin D, 8-hydroxyquinoline) on the induction of alpha-glucosidase in P. guilliermondii. PMID- 7017356 TI - Nobody's friend. PMID- 7017357 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia today. AB - The incidence of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF, retinopathy of prematurity) is increasing, as more premature infants of lower birth weight are surviving. Currently, about 17% of premature neonates at risk will develop this condition, although in 85% of these cases it will undergo spontaneous resolution. This paper reviews our current knowledge and management of RLF, and aims to remind us that sophisticated monitoring techniques have not eliminated the problems of hyperoxia. PMID- 7017358 TI - Vertical transmission of hepatitis B: review of the literature and recommendations for management. PMID- 7017360 TI - Healing and meditation in medical practice. PMID- 7017359 TI - Antitobacconists: fuming for years. PMID- 7017362 TI - [Mother and fetus in their immunologic interrelations]. PMID- 7017361 TI - Double-blind trial of cimetidine versus tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate in chronic duodenal ulceration. AB - Thirty-seven patients with chronic duodenal ulceration were entered into an endoscopically controlled trial of cimetidine (Tagamet) versus tri-potassium di citrato bismuthate (De-Nol). At six weeks, 83% of patients taking cimetidine showed complete ulcer healing compared with 74% of patients taking tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate. By ten weeks, the corresponding figures were 89% and 84% respectively. Symptomatic relief was similar in both treatment groups and, despite advice to the contrary, continued smoking and alcohol consumption did not appear to adversely affect healing. Both drugs appear to be equally effective in healing chronic duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7017363 TI - [Metabolic osteopathies]. PMID- 7017364 TI - [Are des-Phe-insulin-containing insulin combinations preferable to regular trade preparations?]. AB - Des-phe-insulins are modified insulins in which phenylalanin is eliminated from the b-chain of the normal insulin. Preparations containing des-phe-insulin and cristalline insulin have a good stability and one can produce insulins with different profiles. 50 diabetics were treated with different des-phe-insulin containing preparations. The carbohydrate metabolism was well controlled during the application of the new preparations. There were no side effects nor skin allergies. Des-phe-insulin containing insulins present a new interesting aspect in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7017365 TI - Purified insulin preparations. PMID- 7017366 TI - Cinoxacin (Cinobac)--a new drug for urinary tract infections. PMID- 7017367 TI - Maprotiline (Ludiomil)--another antidepressant. PMID- 7017368 TI - VP 16-213 and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with monocytic features. AB - The treatment of refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia remains a major clinical problem in leukemia therapy. VP 16-213 is an investigational agent that may have specificity for monocytic blasts, and the combination of VP 16-213 and cyclophosphamide is synergistic in experimental leukemia. Seven patients with highly refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, which demonstrated monocytic features, were treated with a combination of VP 16-213 and cyclophosphamide after they had failed to respond to multiple courses of intensive induction regimens. Three complete remissions and one partial remission were achieved. The times to complete remission were 21, 23, and 34 days. The durations of complete remission were 5, 9, and 12+ months. Myelosuppression was the most common side effect; one patient experienced nausea and stomatitis. There were no documented infections or hemorrhage, and no one died as a result of therapy. This combination is both well tolerated and effective in the treatment of refractory leukemia with monocytic features. PMID- 7017369 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the anti-diarrheal activity of C-C2484 (Difenoxin) in pediatrics, in a controlled of patients]. PMID- 7017370 TI - [Intensive neonatal care and prognosis of newborn infants with low birth weight. I. Neonatal mortality]. PMID- 7017371 TI - [Clinical and radiological considerations on 12 cases, belonging to 2 families, of osteogenesis imperfecta, delayed type]. PMID- 7017372 TI - [Apropos of infection prevention in the neonatal period. Clinico-statistical studies on the use of some antibiotics]. PMID- 7017373 TI - [Allergic manifestations of type I in an child population of Veneto. Clinico statistical study of 829 cases]. PMID- 7017374 TI - [Major neurological pathology in full-term infants. Semeiological and electroencephalographic aspects]. PMID- 7017375 TI - [Thanatophoric dwarfism. Report of 2 cases and review of literature]. PMID- 7017376 TI - [Behavior of C-peptide during the oral glucose tolerance test in obese children]. PMID- 7017377 TI - [Relations between hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal function and hemoglobin level in the polytransfused thalassemic child]. PMID- 7017378 TI - [Diagnostic criteria and current therapeutic trends in Candida infection with special reference to the oral area]. PMID- 7017379 TI - Cultured human skin fibroblasts: a model for the study of androgen action. AB - Human skin may be considered as a target organ for androgens, as are male sex accessory organs, since all events involved in testosterone action have been observed in this tissue. As a corollary, the mechanism of androgen action can be studied in vitro in cultured skin fibroblasts. The advantages of this system are that studies can be performed with intact human cells under carefully controlled conditions, differentiated genetic and biochemical characteristics of the cells are faithfully preserved and the biological material is renewable from a single biopsy specimen. The metabolism of androgens, in particular the 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone to the active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone, the intracellular binding of androgen to its specific receptor protein and its subsequent translocation to the nucleus have been studied in skin fibroblasts. The intracellular androgen receptor content of genital skin fibroblasts is higher than that from nongenital skin sites. In addition, the androgen receptor has been characterized as a specific macromolecule with properties of high affinity and low capacity similar to that of other steroid hormone receptors. The pathophysiology of three genetic mutations which alter normal male sexual development and differentiation has been identified in the human skin fibroblast system. In 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder in which dihydrotestosterone formation is impaired, virilization of the Wolffian ducts is normal but the external genitalia and urogenital sinus derivatives are female in character. At least two types of X-linked disorders of the androgen receptor exist such that the actions of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are impaired and developmental abnormalities may involve both Wolffian derivatives and the external genitalia as well. These two forms of androgen insensitivity result from either the absence of androgen receptor binding activity (receptor ( ) form) or apparently normal androgen receptor binding with absence of an appropriate biological response (receptor (+) form). In addition, studies with human skin fibroblasts may also be of value in defining the cellular mechanisms underlying the broad spectrum of partial defects in virilization. In summary, we have correlated our studies of the molecular mechanism of androgen action in human genital skin fibroblasts with those of other investigators as these studies contribute to our understanding of male sexual development and differentiation. PMID- 7017381 TI - [Membrane proteins in Escherichia coli: effect of orthophosphate and mutation on regulatory genes of secreted alkaline phosphatase]. AB - To elucidate the regulatory function of membranes during the biosynthesis of secreted alkaline phosphatase in E. coli, the protein compositions of membranes and periplasm in the E. coli wild strain and two mutants on regulatory phoS and phoRc genes of alkaline phosphatase have been studied during repressed and derepressed biosyntheses of enzymes. The biosynthesis of one of the membrane proteins is regulated by exogenous orthophosphate in parallel with alkaline phosphatase and a number of other periplasmic proteins (three of them have not been described in literature before). This regulation is determined by phoS gene common to alkaline phosphatase. The mutants of regulatory genes of alkaline phosphatase have a decreased content of membrane proteins or completely lack them. Mutations in the phoRc gene result in the loss of alkaline phosphatase and two membrane proteins and do not affect the biosynthesis of periplasmic proteins. Mutation in phoS gene diminishes the content of the other two membrane proteins, one of which is assumed to be the product of gene phoS--phosphate binding protein. The possible membrane localization of products of regulatory phoRc and phoS genes of alkaline phosphatase and participation of membrane proteins in the enzyme biosynthesis and its regulation are discussed. PMID- 7017380 TI - Chemistry and biology of E. coli ribosomal protein L12. AB - E. coli ribosomal protein L12, because of its unique features, has been studied in more detail than perhaps any of the other ribosomal proteins. Unlike the other ribosomal proteins that are generally present in stoichiometric amounts, there are four copies of L12 per ribosome, some of which are acetylated on the N terminal serine. The acetylated species, referred to as L7, has not been shown, as yet, to possess any different biological activity than L12. A specific enzyme that acetylates L12 to form L7, using acetyl-CoA as the acetyl donor, has been purified from E. coli extracts. L12 is also unique in that it does not contain cysteine, tryptophan, histidine, or tyrosine, is very acidic (pI: 4.85) and has a high content of ordered secondary structure (approximately 50%). The protein is normally found in solution as a dimer and also forms a tight complex with ribosomal protein L10. There are three methionine residues in L12, located in the N-terminal region of the protein, one or more of which are essential for biological activity. Oxidation of the methionines to methionine sulfoxide prevents dimer formation and inactivates the protein. The four copies of L12 are located in the crest region(s) of the 50S ribosomal subunit. There is good evidence that the soluble factors, such as IF-2, EF-Tu, EF-G and RF, interact with L12 on the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis. This interaction is essential for the proper functioning of each of the factors and for GTP hydrolysis associated with the individual partial reactions of protein synthesis. The L12 gene is located on an operon that contains the genes for L10 and beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase at about 88 min on the bacterial chromosome. DNA-directed in vitro systems have been used to study the unique regulation of the expression of these genes. Autogenous regulation, translational control, and transcription attenuation are regulatory mechanisms that function to control the synthesis of these proteins. PMID- 7017383 TI - [Entry of double-and single-stranded linear DNA in Ca2+-treated Escherichia coli cells]. AB - Hydroxylapatite chromatography technique was used to investigate the conformational changes undergone by exogenous linear DNA during the uptake by Ca2+-treated EScherichia coli cells. Both single- (heat denatured) and double stranded DNAs were examined. While native DNA preserved its double-strandedness during the uptake, the heat denatured (single-stranded) DNA was rapidly converted to the double-stranded form. This process was energy-dependent and is supposed to be dependent on gene recA product. PMID- 7017382 TI - [Non-coordinated transcription of RNA polymerase beta,beta'-polypeptide genes and adjacent ribosomal protein genes in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - When E. coli protein synthesis was blocked by chloramphenicol (100 micrograms/ml) or by essential amino acid deprivation, the transcription rates of rplKAJL genes (the ones for L11, L4, L10 and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins) and adjacent rpoBC genes (genes for RNA polymerase beta- and beta'-polypeptides) have been non coordinately changed. The level of the gene transcription rate was obtained from RNA--DNA hybridization assays with E. coli pulse-labelled RNA and pJC703 or pJC720 plasmid DNA. The transcription of ribosomal protein genes has been found to be uncoupled with translation and controlled by the allelic state of relA gene. Conversely, the effective transcription of proBC gene was relA independent and coupled with translation of the mRNA. Chloramphenicol-induced transcription polarity within rplKAJL-rpoBC chromosome region can be suppressed by 10 micrograms/ml rifampicin. PMID- 7017384 TI - [Light-induced changes in pH and buffer capacity in reaction center preparations of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides]. AB - In experiments with reaction centers (RC) preparations of Rps. sphaeroides, strain 1760-1, pH of the suspension medium was found to change under continuous light excitation. The concentration of hydrogen ions starts to decrease fastly (t1/2 = 2--4 s) after the light is on, whereupon it increases slowly, to a steady state level, within t1/2 = 5--7 min. During the fast phase 0.3 microM H+/1 microM of RC are absorbed and 7--8 microM H+/1 microM of RC are released under the slow phase. The fast phase is suppressed by ortho-phenantroline (10 mM)--an inhibitor of electron transfer from the primary (Fe-quinone complex) to the secondary (quinone) electron acceptors. Glutaraldehyde which is known to modify a protein structure of the RC inhibits the slow phase. The obtained data suggest that fast light-induced pH changes are due to a H+ uptake by the secondary quinoid anion radical products; slow pH changes are ascribed to structural changes within the RC complex, which lead to a pK shift and/or changes in the amount of dissociating groups on the protein interfacial surface. The conclusion was supported by an observation of light-induced changes in buffer capacity of an RC suspension and by a light-induced increase in the amount of SH-groups titrated by 5.5-dithio bis(2 nitro)-benzoic acid. The role of conformational dynamics of photoactive pigment--protein complexes in the functions of the RC is discussed. PMID- 7017385 TI - [Breast feeding. Immunological considerations]. PMID- 7017386 TI - The influence of methyl substitution of the mutagenicity of nitronaphthalenes and nitrobiphenyls. AB - A series of nitrobiphenyls, nitronaphthalenes, and their methyl-substituted derivatives were assayed for mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In assays conducted in the absence of rat liver S9 fraction, substitution of a methyl group ortho to the nitro group decreased mutagenicity (3-methyl-4 nitrobiphenyl, 2-methyl-1-nitronaphthalene, and 3-methyl-2-nitronaphthalene). The mutagenicity of 4-nitrobiphenyl was also inhibited by methyl substitution at the 2'-position (2'-methyl-4-nitrobiphenyl), and at both the 3- and 2'-positions (3,2'-dimethyl-4-nitrobiphenyl). In assays conducted in the presence of rat liver S9 fraction, inhibition of mutagenicity by methyl substitution was demonstrated for 2-methyl-1-nitronaphthalene, 3-methyl-2-nitronaphthalene and 3,2'-dimethyl-4 nitrobiphenyl. Thus, methyl substitution of nitrobiphenyls and nitronaphthalenes generally decreased mutagenicity, when assays were conducted in the absence of rat liver S9 fraction. However, in the presence of rat liver S9 fraction, the inhibitory effect of methyl substitution on mutagenicity was less pronounced. These results contrast to the usual enhancing effect of ortho-methyl substitution of the corresponding aromatic amines and their N-oxidized derivatives (hydroxylamines and C-nitroso compounds). PMID- 7017387 TI - An unexpected response to Torulopsis glabrata fusion products to X-irradiation. AB - Intra-species fusion products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces unisporus and Torulopsis glabrata have been isolated following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion of protoplasts and selection for prototrophic colonies. Staining with lomofungin showed that all fusion products were uninucleate. Measurement of DNA content mostly gave values between haploid and diploid levels indicating that the majority of fusion products were aneuploid, Nevertheless fusion products of S. cerevisiae and S. unisporus were, as expected, more resistant to X-irradiation than their haploid parents. By contrast, the X-ray dose-response curve of all T. glabrata fusion products was indistinguishable from their progenitors despite the fact that mitotic segregants could be recovered amongst the survivors to X-rays. A possible explanation for the behaviour towards X-rays of T. glabrata fusion products is that this species lacks a DNA repair pathway involving recombination between homologous chromosomes. We conclude from this study that the shape of the X-ray dose-response curve should not be taken to indicate the ploidy of new yeast isolates without supporting data. PMID- 7017389 TI - Mutagenicity of N-nitrosopyrrolidine derivatives in Salmonella (Ames) and Escherichia coli K-12 (343/113) assays. AB - The mutagenicity of nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and its derivatives was determined by use of the Ames Salmonella assay. A clear specificity to revert the missense stain of TA1535 and a requirement for the phenobarbital-induced rat-liver activation system (S9 mix) were noted. 3,4-Dichloronitrosopyrrolidine was more mutagenic than NPYR, whereas 3-hydroxynitrosopyrrolidine was weakly mutagenic. The carcinogenic nitroso-3-pyrrolidine was not mutagenic under the test conditions. The noncarcinogenic derivatives (2,5-dimethylnitrosopyrrolidine, nitrosoproline and 4-hydroxynitrosoproline) were not mutagenic. Liquid preincubation assays were not any more effective than the pour-plate assays. Selected derivatives of NPYR were tested in the Escherichia coli K-12 (343/113) assay A specificity to revert the missense mutation at the arg locus and a dependence on phenobarbital-induced rat-liver S9 mix were noted with NPYR and its derivatives. 3,4-Dibromonitrosopyrrolidine, which was not mutagenic in Salmonella, was effective in E. coli, and the weakly carcinogenic NPRL was a weak mutagen resulting in a 2-fold enhancement in the E. coli arginine reversion assay. PMID- 7017388 TI - Comparison of two methods for detecting translocation heterozygotes in mice. AB - An accurate estimate of the error of misclassifying male translocation heterozygotes as normals is essential for the proper evaluation of results of the heritable translocation test in mice. The size of this error may vary from one laboratory to another depending, primarily, on the method or variation of the method used in screening for translocation heterozygotes. This report shows a way to estimate for misclassification errors involved in two methods, sequential and direct cytological analysis, of screening for translocation heterozygotes. A positive correlation was found between the degree of partial sterility of a male and the frequency of cells with multivalent configurations among his diakinesis metaphase I cells. We interpreted this to confirm that the length of translocated chromosome segments has some influence on the proportion of unbalanced gametes in the ejaculate, presumably reflecting the frequency with which adjacent-1 and adjacent-1 segregations and 3-1 misdivisions occur. PMID- 7017390 TI - Mutagenic reaction products of aqueous chlorination of catechol. AB - Aqueous chlorination of catechol (4 and 8 mM) at varying reagent ratio has been shown to produce high mutagenicity with the Ames Salmonella strain TA100. The mutagenicity peaks at 3 equivalents of chlorine per mole of catechol. But the mutagens are unstable in neutral and alkaline solutions. Substituted catechols produce less mutagenic solutions than catechol on aqueous chlorination. If the chlorine is replaced with equivalent chlorine dioxide very little mutagenicity is produced. Among the reaction products are chlorinated catechols; all of these were synthesized, none was mutagenic but some were toxic. The sample oxidation products, o-benzoquinone and chloro-o-benzoquinone, have been identified and through synthesis were proven to be mutagenic. Some possible ring fracture products also become mutagenic after reaction with aqueous chlorine. Catechol and other simple phenolic substrates are model compounds for the aqueous reaction of chlorine with wood pulp, sewage water and potable water. PMID- 7017391 TI - The mutagenicity of isoniazid in Salmonella and its effects on DNA repair and synthesis in human fibroblasts. AB - A commercial sample of the tuberculostatic drug isoniazid (INH) was found to have a weak mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535. The addition of a rat or mouse liver homogenate to the test system decreased the mutagenic effect of INH. Hydrazine, an impurity of the INH sample, was also weakly mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1535, but not in the extent that could account for the mutagenicity of the INH sample. An inhibition of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts was observed for INH, this effect being potentiated by the addition of manganese to the test system. There was no induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human cells by INH except in the presence of manganese. PMID- 7017392 TI - Isolation of an azide mutagenic metabolite in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A scheme that employs a cation-exchange column and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is devised to isolate and process large quantities of azide metabolite produced by S. typhimurium TA1530 strain. The mutagenic metabolite adheres strongly to the cation-exchange column, thus providing a convenient way to separate the metabolite from unreacted azide (N3-). The metabolite is very polar and only sparingly soluble in most organic solvents. Recrystallization in a methanol-carbon tetrachloride solvent system gave rise to microcrystalline material that decomposes with charring and gas evolution at 173-176 degrees C. The infrared spectrum indicates the presence of a covalently bound azide moiety. PMID- 7017393 TI - Carbon disulfide is not mutagenic in bacteria or Drosophila. PMID- 7017394 TI - Mutagenicity of methylated fluorenes and benzofluorenes. AB - Methylated fluorenes were assayed for mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. None of these methylfluorenes were mutagenic in the absence of metabolic activation. In the presence of 9000 X g supernatant from Aroclor-induced rats, 9-methylfluorene and 1,9-dimethylfluorene were active towards TA98 and TA100. The structural requirement for mutagenic activity within this series was the presence of a single methyl substituent at the 9-position. Enhanced mutagenic activity was also observed for benzofluorenes similarly methylated at their benzylic positions. PMID- 7017395 TI - The effect of stray light in the 300--320-nm range and the role of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in 365-nm lethality. PMID- 7017396 TI - Dependence of the mutagenic power of heteroatomic dyes on their DNA-base-pair specificity. AB - 23 compounds structurally related to proflavine were tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 for their ability to induce mutants in the quantitative mutagenicity test of Ames et al. Of these compounds, 13 were mutagenic. Their mutagenic power decreased with increasing GC specificity of the dye. Because the mutational site in the tester strain is assumed to consist of a run of 4 adjacent GC pairs of the same polarity we conclude that for mutation to occur the dye should not be bound within this run of identical base pairs. Some of the compounds showed a negative slope at higher concentrations. Because these dyes also showed a comparatively high tendency to dimerize we conclude that mutation induction requires the intercalator to be bound as a monomer. Those compounds that were not mutagenic either did not intercalate or were inactivated by reduction. PMID- 7017397 TI - Mutagenic and inhibitory properties of some new purine analogs on Salmonella typhimurium TA1530. AB - Mutagenic and growth-inhibitory effects of 2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine, 2-amino-N6 methoxyadenine and 2-amino-N6-methyl-N6-hydroxyadenine were examined on S. typhimurium TA1530. All compounds showed strong mutagenic activity, and 2-amino N6-hydroxyadenine induced mutations at a dose as low as 1 microgram/ml. 2-Amino N6-hydroxyadenine and, to a lesser extent, 2-amino-N6-methyl-N6-hydroxyadenine (but not 2-amino-N6-methoxyadenine) exerted inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. The specificity of mutagenic action of these base analogs, as well as the target for reversion of the his- marker in TA1530, is discussed. PMID- 7017398 TI - Enhancement of UV-mutagenesis by low concentrations of arsenite in E. coli. PMID- 7017399 TI - Mitotic gene conversion induced in yeast by isoniazid. influence of a transition metal and of the physiological conditions of the cells. AB - Isoniazid (INH) induced mitotic gene conversion at the trp5 locus of strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A suggested mechanism involving autoxidation of INH and production of hydrogen peroxide is supported by the facts that (i) the presence of a transition metal, Mn(II), greatly enhanced the effect of INH, (ii) cells stored for a long time in the refrigerator are much more sensitive to INH + Mn(II) than fresh cells probably due to loss of catalase and/or peroxidase activity, (iii) presence of S9 mix during the treatment eliminated the effect of INH + Mn(II). PMID- 7017400 TI - 2-fluorenamine-indirect recombinogen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7017401 TI - Clinical trial in Duchenne dystrophy. I. The design of the protocol. PMID- 7017402 TI - Skeletal muscle regeneration. PMID- 7017404 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. PMID- 7017403 TI - The effect of surface membrane modifications of fibroblastic cells on the entry process of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. AB - Treatment prior to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes of Vero, MA 103, and chick muscle cells with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and ricin I results in a diminished parasite interiorization in these cells; succinylated concanavalin A is also inhibitory. The effect of these lectins is abolished by the corresponding sugar haptens. Trypsin and periodate treatment of the cells also inhibits infection, as well as calcium ionophore A23187 and drugs that disrupt microtubules and microfilaments directly, like colchicine, vinblastine and cytochalasin B. These results show that alteration(s) of a surface glycoprotein(s) and/or of the plasma membrane architecture of fibroblastic host cells inhibit infection, suggesting that the surface membrane of these cells does not play a passive role in the process of infection by T. cruzi. PMID- 7017405 TI - Occasional notes Captains of an American credo: Walt and W.O. PMID- 7017406 TI - The anthracycline antineoplastic drugs. PMID- 7017407 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 29-1981. PMID- 7017408 TI - Suppression of aldosterone by cyproheptadine in idiopathic aldosteronism. AB - To study the role of serotonin in regulating the release of aldosterone, we gave single, oral doses of cyproheptadine, an antiserotoninergic agent, to five normal volunteers with high aldosterone levels secondary to sodium deprivation and to 14 patients with aldosteronism (six with idiopathic aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and eight with adrenal adenoma). A diet containing 150 mmol of sodium was given to the patients with spontaneous aldosteronism, and one containing 10 mmol of sodium was given to the normal subjects, for three days before treatment and throughout the study. All subjects received dexamethasone, 2 mg daily. Serum aldosterone was measured with the subject in the recumbent position before cyproheptadine administration and at 30-minute intervals for two hours afterward. Serum aldosterone fell significantly (P less than 0.025) from the basal level in the patients with idiopathic aldosteronism due to hyperplasia. No fall was observed in the normal subjects or in the patients with adenoma. No changes were seen in renin activity, cortisol, sodium, or potassium, in any group after cyproheptadine. Suppression of aldosterone with cyproheptadine suggests a serotonin-mediated aldosterone-stimulating system. Hyperactivity of this system may be the cause of idiopathic aldosteronism associated with adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7017409 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis. AB - One hundreds seventy-one homosexual men, 96 of whom had symptoms suggestive of proctitis and 75 of whom had no such symptoms, were consecutively enrolled in a study of the prevalence, clinical spectrum, and histopathology of Chlamydia trachomatis rectal infections. C. trachomatis was isolated from the rectums of 14 men. Three of the isolates, which had lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) immunotypes, were recovered from three men with symptoms and signs of severe proctitis, two of whom had granulomatous inflammation that was observed at rectal biopsy and was initially suggestive of Crohn's disease. Eleven isolates, which had non-LGV immunotypes, were obtained from eight symptomatic and three asymptomatic men, all of whom had fecal leukocytes and mild abnormalities of the mucosa present at sigmoidoscopy, usually with mild nongranulomatous inflammatory changes that were seen on rectal biopsy. These observations suggest that the presence of LGV immunotypes of C. trachomatis in the rectum is associated with severe acute proctitis that mimics Crohn's disease of the rectum, whereas the non-LGV immunotypes are associated with a mild proctitis with or without symptoms. PMID- 7017410 TI - Health statistics: past and present. PMID- 7017411 TI - Clara D. Davies. PMID- 7017412 TI - Use of cyclosporin a despite renal dysfunction. PMID- 7017413 TI - Snuff dipping and oral cancer. PMID- 7017415 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 31-1981. PMID- 7017414 TI - Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone. PMID- 7017416 TI - Insulin-infusion-pump treatment of diabetes: influence of improved metabolic control on plasma somatomedin levels. AB - We examined whether changes in somatomedin accompany those seen in glucose and growth hormone during treatment with the insulin-infusion pump. somatomedin levels in eight insulin-dependent diabetics (13 to 29 years of age) were measured before and after 16 weeks of outpatient insulin-pump treatment, which lowered mean glucose from 245 +/- 21 to 100 +/- 5 mg per deciliter and total glycosylated hemoglobin from 16.2 +/- 1.2 to 9.7 +/- 0.3 per cent (mean +/- S.E.M.). During conventional insulin therapy, both total somatomedin and somatomedin C were within the normal range, despite elevations in growth hormone. Pump treatment resulted in a 70 to 75 per cent increase in both total somatomedin and somatomedin C (P less than 0.05) and a fall in growth-hormone concentrations. In the two growing adolescents, growth velocity doubled during 13 to 15 months of pump treatment. Our data suggest that the improved insulin delivery or metabolic control increases somatomedin levels despite a decrease in growth hormone. Thus, insulin-pump treatment may be useful in optimizing growth in diabetic children. PMID- 7017417 TI - Respiratory dysrhythmias during sleep. PMID- 7017418 TI - Antifungal properties of some pyrazolyl-alkyl-sulfides. Electron microscopic evidence in two dermatophytes and Candida albicans. AB - Four 5-amino-4-alkylthio-pyrazoles were synthesized and their antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro in Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum cookei and Candida albicans. The compounds slightly influenced the growth kinetics of the yeast, but at concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 micrograms/ml completely prevented the mycelial growth of the two dermatophytes cultivated on Sabouraud's agar medium. An electron microscopic study, undertaken by using the most active compound, showed that in C. albicans mitochondria were the only cell targets affected whereas in the dermatophytes cell wall, plasmalemma and the main cytoplasmic organelles were damaged in various degrees. Since the most remarkable alterations were connected with membrane abnormalities, the cytological changes observed were tentatively interpreted as a consequence of the compound intrusion into the lipid bilayer of the membranes, since the drug is lipophilic in nature. PMID- 7017419 TI - NIH censure for Dr Martin Cline: tighter rules for future research plans. PMID- 7017420 TI - Albumin systematics of the extinct mammoth and Tasmanian wolf. PMID- 7017421 TI - A neuronal cell-surface antigen is found in the CNS but not in peripheral neurones. PMID- 7017422 TI - Fredrickson quits without warning. PMID- 7017423 TI - Fast intracellular pH determination in single cells by flow-cytometry. PMID- 7017425 TI - Serum antibody against heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli in pigs. PMID- 7017424 TI - Production of heat-stable enterotoxic component by Escherichia coli strains enteropathogenic for swine. AB - Forty-nine strains of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with or without neonatal diarrhea were all negative for both classical heat-labile and heat stable enterotoxins when examined by the 18-hour rabbit ileal loop test with culture supernatants, the mouse Y1 adrenal cell test, and the infant mouse test. Of them, seven strains from diarrhea were positive only when tested in porcine ileal loops challenged with living bacterial cell suspensions or culture supernatants. The enterotoxic component produced by them was resistant to heating at 80 degrees C for 20 minutes. It presented a rapid onset of action with a long duration, although the amount of accumulated fluid in the porcine ileal loops was small. These porcine strains of E. coli which has been positive only for the porcine ileal loop test were designated "ST pig loop" or "STpl" strains. PMID- 7017426 TI - A definitive history of the Raleigh Academy of Medicine. PMID- 7017427 TI - The Raleigh Academy of Medicine. PMID- 7017428 TI - North Carolina medical curiosities. PMID- 7017429 TI - [From poorhouse to hospital; 4 centuries of St. Elisabeth's or Groote Gasthuis in Haarlem]. PMID- 7017430 TI - [Physician and medicine in 18th-century general periodicals]. PMID- 7017431 TI - [Human insulin prepared with the aid of recombinant DNA]. PMID- 7017432 TI - [The fate of 30 patients of whom liver transplantation was considered in the years 1977 through 1979 and actually carried out in 7]. PMID- 7017433 TI - [Indications and referral procedures for liver transplantation]. PMID- 7017434 TI - [6 liver transplantations performed in Groningen]. PMID- 7017435 TI - [Holderlin: poet, madman--malingerer? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017436 TI - Causes of non-toxic goitre other than mere iodine deficiency. PMID- 7017437 TI - Patient evaluation pre- and post-transplant. PMID- 7017438 TI - Triethyllead treatment of cultured brain cells. Effect on accumulation of radioactive precursors in galactolipids. AB - Cultured cells from chick embryo brains were studied for their sensitivity to triethyllead. Triethyllead chloride (3.16 microM) was added to the nutrient medium and incubated for 48 hr with the cells. Morphological changes in light microscope and radioactive labeling of galactolipids were assayed. Triethyllead treatment reduced the number of neuronal cells with processes. Morphological changes were not observed in glial cells. The [35S]sulfate labeling of sulfatides was reduced to 50%. The [3H]serine labeling of cerebrosides with alpha-hydroxy fatty acids was not influenced, while the [3H]serine labeling of cerebrosides with nonhydroxy fatty acids was inhibited 40% in one- and two- but not in three week-old cultures. The results indicate that the nerve cell response to triethyllead in cultures is selective, since the neurons are more sensitive than the glia cells and the labeling of sulfatides is more sensitive than that of cerebrosides. PMID- 7017439 TI - [Neurosurgical treatment of traumatic intracranial-nasal fistulae (closure of intracranial intradural fistulae with fascia lata transplant)]. PMID- 7017440 TI - [Usefulness of determining the postural reaction for the early diagnosis of central motor activity disorders in children and for rehabilitation]. PMID- 7017441 TI - [Precautions in the clinical management of cases of Jakob-Creutzfeldt syndrome]. PMID- 7017442 TI - [Polish bibliography of neurology and neurosurgery in 1979]. PMID- 7017443 TI - [Primary suprasellar germinoma (pinealoma) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017444 TI - [Colony forming efficiency assay and human tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017445 TI - [Percival Bailey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017446 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl]. PMID- 7017447 TI - [Thromboendarterectomy for cervical carotid occlusive lesions--technical note of our method (author's transl)]. AB - In consecutive 13 cases of the carotid occlusive lesions the carotid thromboendarterectomy was performed with some of our devices as follows: 1) Superior cervical ganglionectomy was added to this operation, bringing efficacy to increase cerebral blood flow. 2) Removal of atheroma plaque en block, as far as possible, shortened the operation time and diminished the arterial wall damage. 3) We could approach to the carotid artery without dissection of the common facial vein by antero-medial retraction of the internal jugular vein. 4) The operation without internal shunt made the technique simple and shortened the operation time. 5) Interlacing vascular suture with microsurgical technique prevented narrowing or shortening of the carotid artery. 6) We used a pair of small needle holders with teeth for anterior wall suture. We could pick up the adventitia easily and exactly, and did not need change of the needle holding with these instruments. 7) Others: The clamping time ranged 15-45 minutes without any neurological deficits. PMID- 7017448 TI - [Wilder Penfield (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017449 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: a golgi study. AB - A cerebral biopsy of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jacob (C-J) disease was examined with the Golgi method. Distortion of soma and neuronal processes associated with vacuolization of the neuropil was observed. The main findings were decreased numbers of basal dendrites and of branches of the apical dendrite of the pyramidal cells, marked loss of synaptic spines, and varicosities in the proximal segment of some apical and basal dendrites. These changes, though non-specific, may be interpreted as the result of deafferentation, although primary reactions related to C-J disease cannot be ruled out. These changes underline the intense disruption of intracortical connections which takes place in this condition in addition to the neuronal loss. PMID- 7017450 TI - Effect of a new thienodiazepine (We-941) on sleep patterns of normal and insomniac subjects. PMID- 7017451 TI - Changes in arterial blood pressure after microinjections of nicotine into the dorsal area of the medulla oblongata of the rat. PMID- 7017452 TI - Intracranial pressure changes in brain-injured patients requiring positive end expiratory pressure ventilation. AB - In 16 patients with severe head injury and 2 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation was required to maintain adequate oxygenation. The effects of PEEP on intracranial pressure (ICP) were evaluated with respect to the volume-pressure response (VPR), an indicator of intracranial compliance, and the static lung compliance (CL). Based on these parameters: (a) All 11 patients with a normal VPR (less than 2 torr) had no significant change in ICP with PEEP therapy. (b) All 5 patients with abnormal VPR and a normal CL (greater than 30 ml/cm H2O) had significantly increased ICP or decreased cerebral perfusion pressure while on PEEP. (c) Two patients with both an abnormal VPR and a decreased CL had no significant change in their ICP with PEEP. (d) Significant elevations of ICP were also seen in 4 patients with abnormal VPRs concurrent with the rapid reduction or withdrawal of PEEP ventilation. Thus, the VPR is an accurate predictor of the effects of PEEP on the ICP. In addition, however, decreased lung compliance may buffer these effects in patients who have decreased intracranial compliance. We propose that ICP monitoring and intracranial compliance determination are necessary in the management of brain-injured patients requiring PEEP ventilation. PMID- 7017454 TI - Leksell stereotactic instrument. PMID- 7017453 TI - Perspectives in neurosurgery: neurosurgery in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7017455 TI - Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals. PMID- 7017456 TI - Golgi-like immunoperoxidase staining of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons that contain vasopressin, oxytocin or neurophysin in the rat. PMID- 7017457 TI - Peripheral and intrahypothalamic cholecystokinin act on the noradrenergic "feeding circuit" in the rat's diencephalon. PMID- 7017458 TI - Ultrastructural localization of VIP-like immunoreactivity in large dense-core vesicles of 'cholinergic-type' nerve terminals in cat exocrine glands. PMID- 7017459 TI - Antioligodendrocyte antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. AB - Thirty-one concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pools--10 multiple sclerosis (MS), and 21 controls with other neurologic diseases--were tested for antibodies against oligodendrocytes by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen brain sections and by complement fixation (CF) against isolated oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes staining was found in 4 of 10 MS and 21 control CSF specimens. CF was detected in 4 of 10 MS and 3 of 21 controls. Positive results correlated with high albumin:IgG ratios. Using F(ab')2 fragments, specific antibodies against oligodendrocytes were detected in both MS and control specimens. In sera from MS and controls, oligodendrocyte staining was found in 16 of 23 MS samples and 11 of 30 controls. CF was present in one MS serum only. Therefore, antioligodendrocyte antibodies in CSF are not specific indicators for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7017460 TI - Acute effects of acetazolamide in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. AB - We studied the effect of acetazolamide on plasma potassium in normals and in two patients with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Administration of acetazolamide for 48 hours lowered mean plasma potassium in normals from 4.01 to 3.56 mEq per liter (p less than 0.001) and in the patients from 4.55 to 4.00 mEq per liter (p less than 0.001). This kaliopenic effect of acetazolamide may account for its therapeutic action in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. PMID- 7017461 TI - [From the chirurgeon to the intensive care physician (a historical review of hemostasis)]. PMID- 7017462 TI - [Hemostatic changes related to anesthetic drugs and surgical intervention]. PMID- 7017463 TI - [Physiopathology of consumption coagulopathies]. PMID- 7017464 TI - [Cardiac massage in the early days of the technique. An instrument of dubious usefulness]. AB - Authors expose a short historical profile of heart massage techniques purposed and realized in the second part of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Some methods were well known and diffused, and object of discussion, as demonstrated by Macaura's Blood Circulator, an instrument used for external heart massage, found in U.K., obtaining no practical results; but constructed and sold only for gain. PMID- 7017465 TI - [Marco Aurelio Severino, the persecuted recreator of Italian surgery ((1580 1656)]. PMID- 7017466 TI - [In memory of Giuseppe Grassi]. PMID- 7017467 TI - [The Ogilvie syndrome. Review of literature and report of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome) are presented. Increasing abdominal distension and the pain suggested surgical treatment for both patients. The operation showed in the first case a marked dilatation of the transverse colon and sigmoid, in the second the dilatation of the ascending and transverse colon, without any distal obstruction. Enterotomy was performed only in the first case, as the diameter of the colon was more then 10 cm. The authors, by review of the literature and their own experience, propose a critical revision of the syndrome, discussing the physiopathology of the rising disease. PMID- 7017468 TI - [Pancreatic cystadenoma. Description of 2 cases and review]. AB - On the basis of two personal cases and a review of the most recent literature, the main features of this rare pancreatic condition are reported. Special attention is paid to the post-diagnostic importance of radical exeresis. This is the only way of preventing the patient running the risk of malignant degeneration. The observation of a bisalbuminaemic band and the association with an aberrant pancreatic adenoma were of interest in the two cases described. PMID- 7017469 TI - [Splenic artery aneurysm. Review of literature and report of 2 clinical cases]. AB - Two cases of successful surgical management of aneurysm of the splenic artery are presented. One aneurysm was of considerable size, while the other was accompanied by haemoperitoneum, owing to spontaneous intrasplenic rupture. The literature is reviewed and the data still quoted in recent publications are updated. Modern views on the origin of this condition, formerly regarded as primarily due to arteriosclerosis, are illustrated. Stress is laid on the part played by repeated pregnancy in the progressive irreversibility of damage to the elastic fibers of the arterial walls. Lastly, an account is given of the clinical and diagnostic aspects of these aneurysms. Surgical management is stated as a personal preference, since the serious general condition of the patient means that it is rarely contraindicated. PMID- 7017470 TI - [A case of isolated metastasis of epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma to the small intestine]. PMID- 7017472 TI - [Thalassemia and malaria selection]. PMID- 7017471 TI - [Control of the patency of porto-systemic anastomoses]. AB - After having discussed the direct and indirect methods to control the patency of porto-systemic anastomoses, the Authors report on their series of 42 cases (28 side-to-side porto-cava shunts, 6 end-to-side porto-cava shunts, 6 spleno-renal shunts, 2 mesenterico-cava shunts) where the postop. control was carried out with portography, hepatic superselective arteriography in 29 cases, transcaval catheterism of the anastomosis in 6 patients, and pre-op., and post-op. echotomography in 15 cases. Portography revealed 39 cases of patent anastomosis and thrombotic occlusion in 3 cases. The typical sign of shunt patency is the visualisation of the inferior V.C. and the less frequent disappearance of right gastric reflux. Furthermore the investigations consented the evaluation of altered post-shunt hepato-portal flow: side-to-side porto-cava shunt (25 patent anastomoses) revealed a complete deviation of portal glow towards the I.V.C. and in 15 cases there was inverted portal flow; portography after splenorenal shunt (5 cases of patent anastomosis) showed a preserved hepatopetal portal flow only in early controls (7 days) while in all long term controls it was hepatofugal. In 13 cases the morphology of the hepatic arterial system was compared before and after surgery; in 12 cases the hepatic artery was larger and its intrahepatic branches more tortuous after surgery Ultrasonography revealed only 8 patent shunts out of 15 examined since the amount of gas in the bowel rendered the exam technically insufficient. PMID- 7017474 TI - [Outlines for the combination of hyperthermia therapy and radiotherapy in clinical oncology with special reference to the reciprocal action moment]. AB - The reciprocal moment of action between ionising rays and heat was defined by Vallebona in the Thirties, and is of primary importance in associations between hyperthermia and radiotherapy as a means of obtaining the maximum effect on the neoplasia without serious damage to healthy tissues. The literature data on the use of such combinations in clinical oncology are assessed, together with three other variables; the interval between radiation and heat, the hyperthermic dose, and the interval between two combined treatments. The conclusion is drawn that the thermoradiobiological bases for the rational execution of controlled clinical studies of the hyperthermoradiotherapy of human tumours now exist. PMID- 7017473 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia major using fetal blood]. PMID- 7017475 TI - [Fasting glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and behavior of blood sugar and blood insulin after oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with a family history of diabetes]. AB - In a group of subjects with a known family history of diabetes (subjects with high risk of diabetes) and in two control groups, one of normal subjects and the other of poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetic patients, all with normal blood levels of cholesterol and triglyceride, the fasting HbA1c concentration and the glycemic and insulin response to OGTT (1 g/kg of body weight) were studied. A prompt increase in serum insulin was observed both in normals and in subjects with a known family history of diabetes (poor in diabetics, of course), but insulin peak was significantly higher in the second ones. As in diabetes patients as in subjects with a known family history of diabetes, the HbA1c levels were significantly higher than in normal subjects, but significantly less high in subjects with a known family history of diabetes than in diabetics. These data might suggest that the prediabetic states generally joint with hyperinsulinemia and the HbA1c determination could contribute to the selection of those prediabetic states. PMID- 7017476 TI - [Hospital infections. I. The most common etiology]. PMID- 7017477 TI - [Nephrangiotomography with iopamidol in renal insufficiency]. AB - An account is given of a study of 118 patients, including 67 with renal failure of varying severity, examined nephrangiotomographically with the aid of both a non-ionic contrast medium (iopamidol) and a conventional medium (sodium diatrizoate and methylglucamine). It is shown that the advantages presented by rapid injection of the medium, and the obtaining of prompt vascular data, are accompanied by those offered by the non-ionic medium, since it induces reduced osmotic diuresis, which permits satisfactory visualisation of the excretory ducts, even in patients with very low glomerular filtration values. PMID- 7017480 TI - [A prescription for gout translated by Stendhal into Italian]. PMID- 7017478 TI - [Current aspects of occupational toxic hemopathies]. AB - Recent advances in the field of occupational toxic haemopathies are described. The nosographical classification of these forms is explained, and an account is given of the main organic and inorganic industrial substances responsible for haematological damage, the sources of risk, the known pathogenetic mechanisms, and the main clinical and morphological aspects of the subject. This question is of a certain current interest, not only from the speculative standpoint, but also with regard to the interesting diagnostic and preventive aspects that are and can be derived from such recent advances. PMID- 7017479 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Anatomoclinical and immunological study of a case]. AB - The clinical course of a 54-year-old man with generalized lymphadenopathy bearing all physical, laboratory and histologic characteristics of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia is described. Morphologic and laboratory features of a hyperimmune state with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, elevated cold agglutinin levels and polyclonal gammopathy, but with paradoxical cutaneous anergy and decrease in blood T-lymphocytes, were found. Therapy with levamisole was without significant benefit and the patient died 2 months after initial diagnosis. Our findings give further support to the contention that this disease is an abnormal, but non-neoplastic, immune reaction resulting from a loss of suppressor T cells with hyperfunction of the B lymphocyte system. PMID- 7017481 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of a new drug with anti inflammatory-balsamic action, guacetisal, in respiratory tract diseases]. AB - In 40 patients with bronchopulmonary diseases, in prevalence of chronic type, the therapeutic value of a new antiphlogistic-balsamic compound was evaluated. The favourable results obtained, particularly as far as the rapidity of regression of signs and symptoms is concerned, showed that this drug may have a significant role in a combined scheme of treatment. PMID- 7017482 TI - [Effects of guaiacolic ester of acetylsalicylic acid on spirometric and plethysmographic parameters in subjects with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. AB - The effects of oral administration of guaiacolic ester of acetyl salicilic acid in 24 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease have been evaluated. 1.5 g of this drug were given daily into 3 administrations improving both objective and subjective symptomatology in 19 of the 24 patients after 1 or 3 weeks of treatment. Moreover, a statistically significant improvement of FEV 1" (p less than 0.001), Raw (p less than 0.005) and FEV 1"/VC (p less than 0.01) was observed. The remaining 5 patients discontinued the treatment failing the improvement of the subjective symptomatology. PMID- 7017483 TI - [Controlled clinical study of the treatment of chronic bronchitis with guacetisal]. AB - Controlled clinical research has been carried out on the activity and tolerance of a new active principle, guacetisal (Broncaspin) obtained from the esterification of acetylsalicylic acid with guaiacol, in the treatment of chronic bronchitis. The drug's therapeutic response was evaluated with respect to that of bromexine. Guacetisal was generally well tolerated. It had no unwanted side effects on the main haematochemical parameters or on the function of organs and systems. It was found to have considerable therapeutic effectiveness, at times even superior to that of the control drug, with respect to general symptomatology and at respiratory system level. It produced early, lasting reduction in temperature, heart frequency, dyspnoea, duration of expirium and in the intensity and number of coughing attacks. It also led to an appreciable improvement in thoracic objectivity and the X-ray picture. Variations in respiratory functional parameters were of considerable interest and from these it is concluded that guacetisal exerts its polyvalent activity to a proportionately higher extent in the bronchial districts more seriously involved in the inflammatory process, inducing an elective improvement in bronchial permeability, a reduction in total pulmonary resistances--with consequent tendency for ventilation-perfusion relations to normalise--as well as an improvement in gas exchanges and patient oxygenation. PMID- 7017485 TI - [The use of guacetisal in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. Controlled clinical study]. AB - A single-blind, between-patients trial was run to compare the fluidifying, expectorant, antitussive, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity, and the local and systemic tolerance of guacetisal, an active principle obtained by the esterification of acetylsalicylic acid and guaiacol, and oxolamine phosphate, in which the suspension formulation for adults was administered to 30 presenile and senile patients of both sexes with chronic obstructive bronchopathy. A higher activity on the part of guacetisal was noted. The results obtained are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 7017484 TI - [Guacetisal in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchopneumopathy]. AB - 30 patients of senile age suffering from acute and chronic bronchopneumopathies, the latter in acute phase, have been treated with guacetisal, a new pharmacological substance with anti-inflammatory, fluidifying and bechic properties. The therapeutic results, obtained with 1.2 g suppositories, were definitely positive in a high percentage of case (83.3%). PMID- 7017487 TI - [Clinical study of a new drug, guacetisal, in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 7017486 TI - [The use of a new balsamic expectorant in bronchopulmonary pathology in children]. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of a new antiinflammatory-expectorant drug, guacetisal (Broncaspin) has been compared with that of a well known mucolytic, bromexine, already available for therapy, in the paediatric suspension formula. The study was carried out on 26 children in the 1st Paediatrics clinic of Milan University. The children were suffering from inflammation of the respiratory apparatus. It is concluded that the new drug possesses greated clinical effectiveness. PMID- 7017489 TI - [Clinico-functional observations on the use of guacetisal in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. AB - The results of an approximately 14-day treatment with 500 mg broncaspin capsules in 25 patients with recrudescent chronic bronchitis are presented. There was a marked, constant improvement in the subjective and objective symptomatology, and in respiratory function indices. The expectoration cell parameters displayed changes consonant with the therapeutic effect. Local and general tolerance were good overall. PMID- 7017488 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of broncaspin in chronic bronchopneumopathies]. AB - A controlled single-blind clinical trial was made with Broncaspin, on original synthetic molecule obtained by condensing acetylsalicylic acid and guaiacol, in a comparison of its local and general tolerance, and antipyretic, antiexudative and balsamic properties with those of dimethylaminophenazone guaiacolglycolate, a well-known preparation, in two randomly composed groups of 15 patients with chronic obstructive bronchial and lung diseases, using 1,2 g Broncaspin suppositories and the commercial form of the other product twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Therapeutic assessment was based on the symptomatological, spirometric and blood gas data. PMID- 7017490 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the activity of 2 preparations with similar action in bronchopneumopathies in the aged]. AB - The results obtained in a single blind controlled study using a new preparation, guacetisal, and an already available similar product based on dimethylaminophenazone guaiacolglycolate and calcium ethylcamphorate, are reported. The drugs were administered to 28 elderly patients of both sexes suffering from bronchopneumopathies for a period of 7 consecutive days with 2 suppositories/day. The results generally favoured the new product. Tolerance was very good at all levels. PMID- 7017492 TI - [Preliminary study of guacetisal in chronic bronchitis]. AB - A single-blind, between-patients trial was run on two randomly formed groups of 15 hospitalised male patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, carefully selected to rule out excessive interference on the part of other pathologies or lund complications, in which 3 tablespoonfuls a day Broncaspin suspension were compared with the same dose of a recognised commercial preparation composed by sodium thymosulphonate, ammonium acetate, codeine, and tincture of datura. The clinical and instrumental data showed that Broncaspin had greater therapeutic activity. The local and general tolerability of the two preparations was uneceptionable. PMID- 7017491 TI - [Guacetisal: a new molecule with balsamic-antiphlogistic action. Clinical study]. AB - An open clinical trial was run on the therapeutic efficacy of a new balsamic antiinflammatory molecule, guacetisal (presented as 500 mg Broncaspin capsules). The drug was given for a minimum of 7 days to 45 male and female patients with an average age of 64 yr suffering from variously serious diseases of the airways. The concomitant administration of fluidifying, balsamic, steroid, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs was avoided, whereas various combinations of cardiokinetics, diuretics, theophyllines, and antibiotics were used where required. Clinical assessment of the parameters chosen pointed to the good therapeutic activity of the preparation, which is specifically indicated in inflammatory conditions of the airways, especially chronic forms subject to periodic recrudescence. Its equally good tolerability serves to make guacetisal extremely easy to use, with the results that its employment in non-specialist environments can also be recommended. PMID- 7017493 TI - [Broncaspin in respiratory diseases in pediatrics. Clinical contribution]. AB - Broncaspin (guacetisal) has been administered rectally to 42 children suffering from inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways, most cases being complicated by bronchospasm. Treatment involving a dose of 1-2 suppositories of 0.5 g/die up to six years of age, and 2 suppositories/die after the sixth year always produced a good antipyretic and anti-cough effect. The preparation was outstanding for speed of action, local and general tolerance, and the absence of haematological, hepatic or renal side-effects. The new drug is considered to be a valuable instrument for anti-inflammatory and anti-cough treatment in acute diseases of the airways in infancy. PMID- 7017494 TI - [The use of B.I. 1070/P (guacetisal) in inflammatory bronchopneumopathies in the acute phase]. PMID- 7017495 TI - [Clinical study of a preparation with bronchomucotropic activity: guacetisal]. AB - An open clinical study has been carried out on 40 patients of both sexes suffering from prevalently chronic bronchopneumopathy, with a suspension of guacetisal for adults. The drug is a new bronchomucotropic synthesized by the Bayer Italia S.p.A. Research Laboratories. The improvement in the clinical picture was very evident in 55% of cases and is in favour of an overall positive opinion of the drug's activity bearing in mind that the pathology considered would not in any case have permitted the achievement of complete resolution. The drug was very well tolerated and presented marked mucopoietic and anti inflammatory properties at a dose of 1 spoonful (10 ml) 2-3 times a day. PMID- 7017496 TI - [Treatment of bronchial inflammatory disorders with guacetisal]. AB - A comparative trial conducted on 48 male and 9 female patients suitably selected in terms of indication consisted of a first stage in which a completely random, doubleblind comparison was made between acetylsalicylic acid, guacetisal and guaiacol carbonate (preparations A, B, and C) while in the second stage an association of bromexine, acetylsalicylic acid and codeine phosphate (preparation D) was examined in terms of activity and tolerance in an open trial. Statistical analysis showed the superiority of preparation B with respect to most of the parameters taken into consideration. PMID- 7017497 TI - [Clinical trials of a new preparation in chronic bronchopneumopathies]. AB - The new preparation Broncaspin (guacetisal) has been experimented in the form of 1.2 g suppositories and 5% suspension, in 40 patients suffering from chronic bronchopneumopathy at acute phase. The drug exerted a marked therapeutic action in objective and subjective symptomatology in 87.5% of cases. The action was manifold in relation to the typical expectorant fluidifying, bronchiole disobstructing and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the drug. Tolerance was always excellent. PMID- 7017499 TI - [Benedetto da Norcia and convent medicine in Europe (on the 1500th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7017498 TI - [Obstructive peripheral athero-arteriosclerotic vascular diseases. Apparent pathogenetic role of hormono-metabolic changes]. AB - We determined by comparison, in 30 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and in 10 normal peoples, 50-70 years aged, the values of some glycolipidic parameters (blood glucose, triglyceridemia, cholesterolemia, nephaemia, beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteinemia) and moreover the hormonal ones (IRI, GH, cortisolemia) at fast in the morning, during the whole day and during some blocking and stimulating tests. Patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans presented a significant alteration of the lipidic outline (hyper-lipoproteinemia of IV type sec. Fredr) and of the carbohydrate metabolism, emphasized at the OGTT by a dissimilar tolerance (normal, borderline and pre-diabetic type) referring to a normal high and low insulin immission respectively. We dissert widely about biohumural data, as reflexes involved from the pancreatic function and from the ischaemic process, and we report the eventual tie between the detected hormone metabolic disorders and the development of arteriosclerotic occlusive disease in the lower extremities. PMID- 7017500 TI - [Regulation of fetal growth]. PMID- 7017501 TI - [Somatomedin activity and other hormonal factors of fetal growth]. PMID- 7017502 TI - [Correlation between the radiochemical and immunohistochemical method of determining estradiol receptors in carcinomas of the human breast. Preliminary results in 37 cases]. PMID- 7017503 TI - [The role of echography in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7017504 TI - [Smoking in pregnancy. Effect on gestation and consequent effects on the fetus]. PMID- 7017506 TI - [Recent advances in the understanding of materno-fetal tolerance]. PMID- 7017508 TI - Keeping your delicate balance: the art of managing stress. PMID- 7017507 TI - [Acute puerperal uterine invasion. 3 case reports. Review of literature]. PMID- 7017509 TI - Identifying and managing kidney donors. PMID- 7017505 TI - [Hormone-therapy of carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 7017510 TI - Difficult patients: Mark's wounds were more than skin deep. PMID- 7017511 TI - A multicentre study of labetalol in hypertension. New Zealand Hypertension Study Group. AB - Labetalol was used in a multicentre open clinical trial in 128 patients in 10 centres. Nearly half had had either poor response to other drugs or side effects with them, while another 25 percent had failed to respond satisfactorily to a diuretic alone and 35 percent were previously untreated. The results at one year showed that labetalol had an excellent antihypertensive effect, often successful in patients who had failed to respond adequately to pure beta-blockers or other drugs and it proved easy to use. Side effects necessitated stopping the drug at less than adequate dosage in some patients who might also have proved resistant to labetalol and other drugs were added to improve blood pressure control in 25 patients who continued labetalol. The mean dose of labetalol was 707 mg/day and there was no evidence of tolerance developing. Side effects were fairly common and led to withdrawal of 28 patients (22 percent). PMID- 7017513 TI - The introduction of U100 insulin. PMID- 7017512 TI - Fenoterol: an effective agent for the postponement of preterm birth. AB - Ninety patients in preterm labour were treated with a new sympathomimetic drug fenoterol hydrobromide (partusisten). Labour was inhibited in 80 (88.9 percent) for a minimum of 24 hours, and pregnancy continued until at least 36 weeks of gestation in 52 (57.8 percent) patients. The average duration of intravenous fenoterol needed for successful therapy was 16.4 hours, and the majority (56.2 percent) settled with a maintenance dose of 2 to 3 microgram min-1. The minimum prolongation index associated with full success was 3.36. Side-effects included palpitations and tachycardia. Serious congenital abnormalities were seen in one of five perinatal deaths but was not attributable to drug therapy. PMID- 7017514 TI - Are composite post cores the answer to cast post cores? PMID- 7017515 TI - PLATO goes to the hospital. PMID- 7017517 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of twin transfusion syndrome by ultrasound. AB - The evaluation of 2 cases of twin transfusion syndrome by conventional and real time B-scan ultrasound is described. The importance of differentiating this syndrome from the isolated growth failure of 1 fetus in a twin pregnancy with a normally developing second fetus is emphasized. Assessment of placentation, fetal size and activity, as well as amount of fluid by diagnostic ultrasound is an important aid in the management of multiple gestation. PMID- 7017516 TI - Premature labor. II. Bacterial sources of phospholipase. AB - Human term labor is thought to be initiated by amniotic and chorionic phospholipase A2, an enzyme that liberates arachidonic acid esters from the phospholipids of these membranes, leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins by the placental membranes. The striking association of premature labor with intrauterine infection or contamination, urinary tract infection, and early neonatal sepsis led us to study the microorganisms present in these infections for phospholipase A2 activity. Activity was found in Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus fecalis, Streptococcus A and B, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pneumococcus, Lactobacillus, and Mycoplasma hominis. Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, and S viridans had the highest activities. The specific activities of phospholipase A2 from these organisms were several times higher than that of the membrane phospholipase A2 of the amnion and chorion. We postulate that premature labor may be initiated by microorganisms with phospholipase A2 activity from endocervical and/or intrauterine contamination or infection, producing deacylation of arachidonic acid from amniotic phospholipids with increased concentrations of free arachidonic acid and increased prostaglandin synthesis, which triggers labor. PMID- 7017519 TI - [Model tray system for study models without pins]. PMID- 7017518 TI - Effect of postural change on plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations in third trimester pregnancy. AB - Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were determined radioimmunologically after 30 minutes in the left lateral position and after an additional 30 minutes of supine recumbency in 26 normotensive nulliparous women between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. Plasma renin activity decreased slightly but significantly in the supine position (P less than .05). A distinct increase of plasma aldosterone was observed in 14 of the 26 subjects. The following speculation has been drawn from these results: the fetal renin-angiotensin system is activated by decreased uteroplacental perfusion in the supine position, possibly followed by a diminution of blood flow to the fetal kidney, perhaps via hypoxia. Subsequently, aldosterone may also be secreted by the fetus at an increased rate. In contrast to the high molecular weight renin, aldosterone passes the placental barrier and appears in the maternal circulation. PMID- 7017521 TI - [Method of correcting cicatricial ectropion of both eyelids associated with epicanthus]. PMID- 7017522 TI - DNA distribution patterns of preneoplastic cells and their interpretation. Stomach and cervix uteri. AB - Gastric mucosa and smears of the cervix uteri - both under normal conditions and in different pathological stages - were processed by flow cytometry. DNA distribution patterns were measured and compared. Special interest was focused on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), checking its biological value and clinical importance with precancerous stages of the cervix uteri. In rare, distinct cases, CAG revealed carcinoma indicating DNA distribution patterns as distinct cases of dysplasia and Ca in situ of the cervix. PMID- 7017520 TI - [Significance of changes in the visual field in the diagnosis of glaucoma]. PMID- 7017523 TI - Eyelid retraction treated by levator marginal myotomy. AB - Upper eyelid retraction in patients with ophthalmic Graves' disease may be due to: (1) overaction of Muller's muscle; (2) overaction of the levator muscle; (3) contraction of the levator; and (4) subcutaneous adhesions anterior to the levator. A new operation is described to lengthen the levator by performing partial width (marginal) myotomies. If present, subcutaneous adhesions can also be divided during this operation. Histologic features of levators and Muller's muscles from patients with upper eyelid retraction are discussed. PMID- 7017524 TI - The mechanistic classification of ptosis. AB - The commonly used classifications for ptosis do not have a unifying concept, and this may contribute to confusion rather than clarification. Based on the mechanisms that cause ptosis, all cases can be classified into one or more of the following categories: (1) neurogenic; (2) myogenic; (3) aponeurotic; and (4) mechanical. While none of these mechanisms is original, this paper presents them together for the first time as an inclusive and helpful classification of ptosis. Before placing a patient in one or more of the four categories, a thorough history must be taken, an examination must be done, and appropriate laboratory tests must be performed. The thought processes then necessary to classify the ptosis should clarify not only the site of the defect but also the prognosis and range of procedures that may be used to correct the ptosis. PMID- 7017525 TI - Trabeculectomy using a fornix-based conjunctival flap and tightly sutured scleral flap. AB - Trabeculectomy is classically and almost universally performed with a limbal based conjunctival flap. This method has definite theoretic and practical disadvantages compared with a fornix-based conjunctival flap, including (1) poorer visualization and exposure of the area for surgical treatment; (2) a greater chance of button-holing the conjunctival flap; (3) a more anteriorly placed conjunctival bleb; and (4) a higher risk of a thin flap overhanging the cornea. The practical advantages of a fornix-based flap, the surgical results, and the surgical techniques are discussed. Because of its advantages, this method is preferred to the use of a limbus-based conjunctival flap. PMID- 7017526 TI - Virus-induced subacute degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 7017527 TI - Transplantation of congenitally opaque corneas. AB - Nine transparent grafts in fifteen eyes with congenitally opaque corneas with a one- to ten-year follow-up are described. Patients ranged in age at the time of surgery from two to thirty months. Vision in all but two of the eyes with transparent grafts improved. The operative complications included an exaggerated anterior displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm and difficulty obtaining a water tight wound closure because of the flaccidity of the infant host tissue. The postoperative complications included a peculiar late-developing glaucoma, graft rejection, infection, and early suture loosening. PMID- 7017528 TI - Subtotal open-sky vitrectomy for severe retinal detachment occurring as a late complication of ocular trauma. AB - Subtotal open-sky vitrectomy was performed on 50 eyes with severe retinal detachment that developed as a late complication of ocular trauma. The retina was reattached in 32% of the eyes and vision was improved in 50% of the reattached cases. Two cases of giant retinal tear with massive preretinal retraction were successfully treated by suturing the retinal flap of the tear to the choroid. Subtotal open-sky vitrectomy may be helpful in cases in which closed vitrectomy has failed or would be likely to fail. PMID- 7017529 TI - Keratophakia update. AB - Since October 1977, the authors have attempted 32 keratophakias (refractive corneal surgery using an interlamellar homograft disc). Twenty-nine of these were primary and three secondary on aphakic eyes. These cases were divided into two series. In the first series, the dioptric correction was 28.5% less than the amount calculated to correct the aphakic error. In the second series, only 6.5% of the calculated dioptric power remained uncorrected. Keratophakia is an alternative to other modalities of secondary full-time correction of aphakia since the internal eye is not compromised by this secondary procedure as it is with a secondary intraocular implant. Further improvements in instrumentation techniques and mathematic programs will broaden the application of refractive keratoplasty techniques. PMID- 7017530 TI - An analysis and interpretation of refractive errors after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Despite advances in microsurgical techniques, astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty is still a perplexing problem. In this paper, using retrospective studies, experiments, and observations, the factors that seem most significant in creating excessive postoperative astigmatism are delineated. The difficulty of creating a circular recipient hole of the same size and shape as the donor button appears to be a prime area for clinical research and technical development. PMID- 7017531 TI - Medicare payments and changes in the rate of cataract extraction. AB - The influence of Medicare payments on cataract extraction was studied. This operation is now the most frequent one performed on Medicare beneficiaries. The rate per 1,000 has more than doubled. The aggregate number of operations has tripled since 1965. As the number of persons over 65 has only increased by 27% in that time and the number of ophthalmologists by 25%, it is evident that each surgeon is doing more cases. Analysis of two representative years of Medicare's payment records indicated that many more surgeons received high payments in 1977 than in 1972. This reflected an increase in fees, but also an increased number of cases. Just over 2% of surgeons received more than $75,000 for cataract surgery on Medicare beneficiaries. The suggested reasons for the findings are an absence of mutually accepted criteria for cataract extraction, Medicare's fee system, and public attitudes. PMID- 7017532 TI - A comparison of corneal storage in moist chamber and McCarey-Kaufman medium in human keratoplasty. AB - We examined the graft clarity and clinical outcome of 130 patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty with donor preservation in either McCarey-Kaufman (MK) medium or moist chamber. We found comparable results with both methods of preservation in our two best prognostic groups. We feel MK medium is an excellent alternative to moist chamber preservation when used within 48 hours after the donor's death. PMID- 7017533 TI - Peripheral recipient endothelium following corneal transplantation. AB - The central graft endothelium and peripheral recipient endothelium of 16 corneas of 14 patients following corneal transplantation were studied using the technique of specular microscopy. There was a wide discrepancy in the morphologic profile between the endothelium from these two regions of the cornea, suggesting that both donor and recipient endothelium maintain their morphologic autonomy following corneal transplantation. There was evidence that graft endothelium may be more active participant in the healing process at the graft-recipient junction than the recipient endothelium. PMID- 7017534 TI - Immunofluorescent study of cytologic smears in oral pemphigus: A simple diagnostic technique. AB - This study was undertaken in order to explore the diagnostic efficacy of the direct immunofluorescent technique for demonstration in vivo bound immunoglobulins to desquamated epithelial cells from patients with oral pemphigus. Cytologic smears were obtained with a wooden spatula from the oral lesions of thirty patients with known pemphigus vulgaris. Control smears were taken from thirty-five patients twenty suffering from various other mucosal diseases and fifteen devoid of oral lesions. The smears were stored at -30 degrees C. and prepared within 48 hours for examination by the direct immunofluorescent technique. Deposition of IgG was demonstrated in all thirty smears from the oral pemphigus lesions. None of the control smears gave positive results. These findings suggest that the direct immunofluorescent technique using cytologic smears may provide an additional simple and reliable method in the diagnosis or oral pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7017535 TI - [Conference on Camper (1722-1789) and "his" facial angle]. PMID- 7017536 TI - [French Society of Orthodontics. Membership list]. PMID- 7017537 TI - [In praise of Lucien de Coster 15 May 1980]. PMID- 7017538 TI - [Development of the relationship between psychology and odontology]. PMID- 7017540 TI - [Odon Rajka (1890-1971)]. PMID- 7017539 TI - [Surface state of the enamel treated with acid solutions before bonding]. PMID- 7017541 TI - [Miklos Jancso Sr. and his malaria research]. PMID- 7017543 TI - [A forgotten socialist physician: Dr. Armin Szilard]. PMID- 7017542 TI - [Laszlo Nemeth and the periodical Nyugat]. PMID- 7017544 TI - [The role of anesthesiology in patient care, medical education and the development of medicine]. PMID- 7017546 TI - [Effect of restoration margins on the gingiva]. PMID- 7017545 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of spontaneous osteonecroses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017547 TI - [Immunofluorescence studies of plaque and its clinical significance]. PMID- 7017548 TI - Acute rheumatic fever. A review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and a modified approach to Jones criteria and management. PMID- 7017549 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis-tonsillitis in Swiss children. Diagnosis and management. AB - In a prospective study, during a period of 1 year, 1,116 children over 1 year of age, with acute pharyngitis-tonsillitis, were examined by a group of Swiss pediatricians. Throat swabs were cultured for the presence of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, and treatment was withheld pending results in most cases. The throat swab cultures were positive in 29.6% of the cases. There were no incidences of acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever or severe purulent local complications. The findings confirm the recommendations in the American literature concerning clinic, diagnosis and management, and they can be applied in Switzerland. PMID- 7017551 TI - [Sepsis due to E. coli in newborns with galactose intolerance (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a case of sepsis due to E. coli in a newborn baby with galactose intolerance. The immature immunological state of the newborn child in combination with a disorder of galactose metabolism obviously favour the development of bacterial infections. Galactose-free formulas should be applied quickly together with an adequate antibiotic therapy in the case of newborn babies with suspected bacterial infection. The prognosis may be influenced favourably by early clarification of the cause of severe impairment including jaundice, vomiting, loss of weight and somnolence in the first three weeks of life. PMID- 7017550 TI - [Local manifestations of neonatal group B streptococcal disease (author's transl)]. AB - In the case of neonatal group B streptococcal disease, two distinct types of illness have been described in the past few years. The early onset type occurs in the first hours of days of life and emerges as septicemia. The late onset type occurs after the first week and emerges as meningitis. Other frequent local manifestations are pneumonia and pleural effusions, but there are few reports on localized inflammation of other organs. This paper gives a brief survey of the local manifestations of the disease. In addition, a case of a 1120 g premature of 29 gestational week is reported. After ten uneventful weeks, the patient developed acute fulminating group B streptococcal septicemia. The initial signs of apnea, respiratory insufficiency and shock were followed by meningitis, cellulitis of the tongue and skin and severe coagulopathy. After seven days the baby died of an intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 7017552 TI - [Therapy of Bartter syndrome with indomethacin]. AB - In two children with typical clinical and laboratory findings of the B. S., the therapeutic effect of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin could be unequivocally proved in balance studies performed under inpatient conditions. Under this medication, the serum potassium rose significantly and the potassium balance became positive. In parallel to this, the plasma renin (and in the case in which it could be regularly investigated also the plasma aldosterone) fell significantly. In one of the two patients, the hypertensin-test was performed before and under indomethacin treatment; the initial angiotensin resistance could be eliminated by Indocid. Both children have now already received Indocid for twenty-four and sixteen months. The preparation was adequately tolerated, and the clinical symptoms of B. S. have largely subsided. Noteworthy is a substantial catching up of growth in one of the two patients. Despite normal renin and aldosterone values, there was no complete normalization of the serum potassium, indicating that besides the elevation of certain renal prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of B. S. described by several authors, an additional (probably superordinate) mechanism is likely to play a role. PMID- 7017553 TI - [Interaction of general body posture, oral and facial region. I. Literature and clinical findings (author's transl)]. AB - Postural control of head and trunk is basic for adequate posture and movement of eyes, facial, oropharyngeal and limb muscles. On the other hand there are also influences of ocular and oro-pharyngeal movements on posture and movements of neck, trunk and limbs. After a review of experimental and clinical observations several pertinent own observations are presented. The advantage of the systematic use of these phenomena for habilitation and rehabilitation of patients with motor handicaps is stressed. PMID- 7017554 TI - [Prof. Heribert Berger at 60]. PMID- 7017555 TI - Recent advances in the story of megakaryocyte physiology. PMID- 7017556 TI - [The human basophils degranulation test (HBDT). Leucoconcentration and statistical calculation applied to the degranulation rate (author's transl)]. AB - The technique using hemolysis and vital coloration described by Benveniste permits the human basophils to be studied in immediate type allergies : HBDT. In almost 25% of the cases, the test cannot be carried out because the basophils are less than 20 per mm(3). In 700 but one case, the HBDT could be carried out using a leucoconcentration technique by means of a 100 to 200 g centrifugation of 10 mn duration, followed by tangential extraction, thus obtaining an increased number of basophils. The authors were lent to apply a statistical calculation to a significant degranulation rate due to the number of observable cells by means of an unilateral statistical test suggesting a distribution according to Poisson's law. Thus tests are interpreted more rapidly and are more reliable. On the other hand, comparison with the results obtained with or without leucoconcentration in different types of allergies due to reagins (drugs, hymenoptera, foods) do not show any cellular fragilization. It may be concluded to the reliability of the degranulation observed in presence of an antigen. PMID- 7017557 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the sera of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Electron microscopic observation of sera from 59 subjects(HBs Ag-negative controls, HBs Ag-positive asymptomatic blood donors, and HBs Ag-positive patients with acute viral hepatitis, chronic persistant or active hepatitis and alcohol induced liver damage) was capable of specifying the morphology of the HB virus (spherical particles, rod-shaped particles and Dane particles) and of correlating the aspect of the observed viral material with the nature and evolution of the liver damage. The viral particles are observed in small amounts in asymptomatic blood donors and in patients with acute viral hepatitis, but are present in very significant quantities in chronic hepatitis. Dane particles and viral particle aggregates are more numerous in chronic active hepatitis than in chronic persistant hepatitis. The detection of HBeAg in the serum, especially found in chronic active hepatitis, correlates with the presence of Dane particles. In most cases, the observed viral particle aggregates do not seem to be associated with an immunological process. PMID- 7017558 TI - [Determination of circulating ectopic beta HCG in solid tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (betaHCG) was performed on the serum of 1 850 patients with microscopically documented non trophoblastic carcinomas. 96 patients (5,2%) had elevated betaHCG plasma levels. The incidence of elevated plasma values varied little from one studied malignancy to another; the highest circulating levels were observed in patient's with bladder carcinomas (22,2%), squamous cell carcinomas of the bronchus (14,2%), pancreatic (20%) and colo-rectum (15,7%) adenocarcinomas. BetaHCG determinations did not improved the diagnostic sensibility of CEA values except for the bladder carcinomas. The short mean survival of patients with positive betaHCG values suggests that elevated ectopic betaHCG, sometime during the clinical course of metastatic maligancies worsens the prognosis. PMID- 7017559 TI - [Comparison of radiodensitometry and histomorphometry in normal and abnormal bone (author's transl)]. AB - 85 adults of both sexes, suffering from variety of bone disorders were studied by means of humeral radiodensitometry and histomorphometric analysis of iliac bone biopsies. Trabecular bone volume (TBV) was not related to cortical thickness. Bone mineral density was related to iliac TBV only in female subjects. The value of these measures is limited in osteoporosis because of measurement errors and skeletal inhomogeneity. In osteoporosis, variable histomorphometric features were observed. However, radiodensitometry proved a good measure of the state of mineralization in osteomalacia. PMID- 7017560 TI - [Current advances in cancer immunotherapy (author's therapy)]. AB - Immunotherapy is still considered as an important therapeutic method in oncology. Experimental basis do exist which support the individualization of several distinct conditions of immunomodulation, some of them being associated with a therapeutic benefit. Numerous immunomodulation molecules or derivatives are now available for clinical investigations. However, effects of immunomodulators on the immune systems which depend on several unknown factors are actually not always fairly correlated with antitumoral treatment. The authors review here the available data obtained from recent clinical studies in man. They attempt to establish the limits of immunotherapy as well as its future possibilities. PMID- 7017561 TI - Precocious motherhood. PMID- 7017562 TI - Pressure-induced deformation in immature airways. AB - The effect of positive pressure ventilation on the highly compliant fetal airways was evaluated utilizing fetal rabbit tracheal segments. The degree of mechanical and dimensional deformation was quantified to the pressure applied intermittently (IPP) or continuously (CPAP) for 60 min. Excised tracheal segments were obtained at 21, 27, and 31 days fetal rabbit gestation (term = 31 days) and from 18 +/- 6 month-old adults. Internal diameter, resting length, and volume of the tracheal segments were measured, and their pressure-volume relationships were determined by plethysmography. Tracheal specific compliance at deflation pressure of 0 to 10 cm H2O was calculated from these data. In all fetal groups, the application of positive pressure resulted in a decrease of both tracheal distensibility and the slope of the pressure-volume curves; in addition, a highly significant decrease in tracheal specific compliance was documented. At 21 days gestation, the tracheal specific compliance decreased from 0.089 to 0.034 cm H20-1 (P less than 0.001) after CPAP and to 0.025 cm H2O (P less than 0.001) after IPP. For the same group, the resting tracheal volume increased by a dramatic 89% (P less than 0.001) after CPAP and by 124% (P less than 0.001) after IPP. The magnitude of these alterations decreased as gestational age advanced; the changes were not significant by adulthood. These data indicate that significant pressure-induced deformation (barotrauma) is sustained by susceptible immature airways. PMID- 7017563 TI - Lung-thorax compliance in the artificially ventilated premature rabbit neonate in relation to variations in inspiration:expiration ratio. AB - Surfactant-deficient premature newborn rabbits obtained by hysterotomy on day 27 of gestation were tracheostomized at birth, kept in a multichambered pressure constant body plethysmograph, and subjected to intermittent positive pressure ventilation using a standardized insufflation pressure (30 cm H2O). A sequence of various frequencies (20, 40, and 60/min) and inspiration:expiration (I:E) ratios (1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1) were applied, and the effect of these various respirator settings on tidal volume (VT) and flow was evaluated by means of a Fleisch tube connected to the body plethysmograph. Irrespective of respirator frequency, increasing I:E ratio from the basic setting of 1:1 resulted in increased VT; decreasing I:E ratio had the opposite effect. There was a nearly linear relation between variations in I:E ratio and VT, but the slope of the regression line was steeper at frequencies 40 and 60/min than at 20/min. At a frequency of 20/min, values (X +/- S.D.) for lung-thorax compliance at I:E ratios of 1:4 and 4:1 were 0.50 +/- 0.26 and 0.99 +/- 0.42 ml/cm H2O.kg, respectively. Corresponding figures for frequency of 60/min were 0.21 +/- 0.10 and 0.73 +/- 0.36 ml/cm H2O.kg. At the two higher frequencies and low I:E ratios (less than or equal to 1:1), the duration of the inspiration phase was not sufficient to provide the maximal degree of lung expansion attainable with this insufflation pressure under static conditions. At frequency of 60/min and I:E ratio of 4:1, the expiration was short enough to prevent zero flow before onset of inspiration. PMID- 7017565 TI - Studies on group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. I. Isolation and partial characterization of an extracellular toxin. AB - To initiate an investigation into the biochemistry and mechanism of group B beta hemolytic Streptococcus virulence, bacterial cultures grown in suspension were centrifuged, and the bacteria and media were subjected to extensive fractionation. Each fraction was assayed for physiologic activity by repeated intravenous infusion into adult unanesthetized sheep. Pulmonary artery pressure, arterial PO2, and rectal temperature were monitored. The media fraction, but not the bacteria, contained a component (molecular weight, 2 x 10(6)) composed of 845 carbohydrate and 16% protein with physiological activity. Two mg quantities, when infused, caused the pulmonary artery pressure to increase 100%, PO2 to decrease by 20% and chills and fever. The active component could be degraded by hot phenol water extraction into a pure polysaccharide (molecular weight, 200,000). This lower molecular weight polysaccharide retained the identical physiologic properties when infused in the sheep. The degraded component precipitated with group B-specific antiserum. This study demonstrates that, in the sheep, a pure polysaccharide is the physiologically active part of a high-molecular-weight toxin synthesized by group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus type III and that this component has a different carbohydrate composition from the group B capsular antigen. PMID- 7017564 TI - Regional blood flows in newborn lambs during endotracheal continuous airway pressure and continuous negative pressure breathing. AB - Cardiovascular changes resulting from continuous distending alveolar pressure during endotracheal intubation (CPAP) and continuous negative pressure (CNP) were studied in two groups of healthy newborn lambs at 6 and 11 mm Hg and -6 and -11 mm Hg, respectively. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, and arterial blood gases were unchanged in each group. Cardiac output decreased 16 and 15% at 6 and 11 mm Hg CPAP (P less than 0.05), respectively, whereas a fall of 9% occurred at both -6 and -11 mm Hg CNP (P greater than 0.05). Central venous pressure (mm Hg) rose from a control value of 7.0 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- S.E.) to 11 +/- 3.1 and 12 +/- 2.7 at 6 and 11 mm Hg CPAP (P less than 0.025), respectively, and decreased from a control of 7.7 +/- 0.7 to 5.8 +/- 0.5 at -6 mm Hg CNP and 4.8 +/- 1.3 at -11 mm Hg CNP (P less than 0.05). Jugular venous pressure also rose progressively with increasing CPAP (P less than 0.05), but was unchanged during CNP. Regional blood flow to the liver fell at both 6 and 11 mm Hg CPAP, whereas renal and gastrointestinal blood flows showed a tendency to decrease at 11 mm Hg CPAP. The removal of CPAP resulted in a prompt return of venous pressure, cardiac output, and regional blood flows to control values. Reductions in blood flows to the gastrointestinal tract at -6 mm Hg CNP and spleen at -11 mm Hg CNP were observed; blood flows returned toward control values when CNP was removed. PMID- 7017566 TI - Studies on group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. II. Effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular permeability in unanesthetized sheep. AB - To study the effects of Group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus on the pulmonary circulation and lung fluid balance, live and heat-killed bacteria and their toxin were infused into an awake sheep lung-lymph preparation. In every case, the response was biphasic; there was an initial period of marked pulmonary hypertension and high flow of protein-poor lymph associated with tachypnea, chills, and fever. A second phase followed during which pulmonary vascular pressures returned to near baseline and remained stable, but lymph flow remained high. The changes seen in the initial phase resemble the previously reported response to mechanically increased pulmonary vascular pressure and suggest that the increase in fluid filtration is secondary to increased microvascular pressure. During the second phase after toxin infusion, the increase in lung lymph flow was paralleled by an increase in lymph protein clearance. This cannot be accounted for by the hemodynamic changes alone an suggests that the permeability of lung microvascular walls to protein was increased. It is concluded that group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal toxin in the sheep model causes pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. PMID- 7017567 TI - The influence of increased renal mass on cardiovascular function in immature dogs. AB - Pediatric renal allograft recipients receive a relatively greater increase in renal mass than do adult recipients because the donors are usually adults. They also have a higher frequency of posttransplant hypertension and cardiovascular problems. Avoiding other variables common to both pediatric and adult patients including pre-existing hypertension and renal disease and the use of corticosteroids, renal mass was increased by up to 50% in immature dogs by implanting large kidneys from adult dogs. Cardiovascular and renal function were studied before and after transplantation. Blood pressure was decreased in anesthetized mongrel pups at 2 hr and 3 days after surgery by 22 and 6 mm Hg, respectively; pressure was similarly reduced in conscious, chronically catheterized DLA-matched beagle pups maintained for 14 days, from 96.1 +/- 3.0 to 76.8 +/- 6.7 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate was decreased at 2 hr and 3 days, but was normal at 14 days. Cardiac output was reduced in four of five recipients at 2 hr but was unchanged at 3 days. Plasma volume was increased at 3 days in the mongrel dogs but was normal in the beagles both at 2 and 14 days. We conclude that an increase in renal mass of up to 50% by itself does not cause hypertension in the dog and that other factors may be implicated in pediatric allograft recipients. PMID- 7017568 TI - Deficiency of plasma PGI2-like regenerating activity in neonatal plasma. Reversal by vitamin E in vitro. AB - Blood from full-term newborns was compared to adult blood for its ability to regenerate prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)-like activity from vascular tissue. The neonate possesses a markedly decreased ability to regenerate PGI2 (0.10 4/- 0.07 ng/mg vascular tissue) when compared to the adult (0.42 +/- 0.12). This decreased activity was not due to the presence of an inhibitor in neonatal blood. The impaired ability of neonatal blood to regenerate PGI2-like activity was related to its markedly decreased antioxidant potential and was corrected (0.34 +/- 0.08 ng/mg vascular tissue) by the addition of Vitamin E in vitro. Plasma PGI2-like regenerating activity had normalized by 3 to 5 months of age (0.41 +/- 0.11 ng/mg). PMID- 7017569 TI - [Professor Jan Kossakowski]. PMID- 7017570 TI - Metabolic abnormalities in the idiopathic Fanconi syndrome: studies of carbohydrate metabolism in two patients. AB - Two patients with idiopathic Fanconi syndrome and glucose intolerance were studied from a metabolic perspective. They had fasting hyperglycemia, massive glucosuria, insulinopenia, ketosis, and elevated serum free fatty acids. There was a markedly blunted insulin secretory response to glucagon, tolbutamide, glucose, and arginine. One patient had the findings of diabetic retinopathy and a sensory neuropathy. Neither patient could convert galactose to glucose, but they did not have galactosemia. As a result of these studies, and previous reports in which similar changes were noted, we conclude that diabetes mellitus may occur in patients who have had idiopathic Fanconi syndrome for many years. PMID- 7017571 TI - Hypersecretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in nondiabetic children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Failure of secretion of an insulinotropic enteric hormone has been postulated as a cause for the impaired insulin secretion observed following a glycemic stimulus in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), a hormone located primarily in the duodenum, is the main hormonal stimulus to insulin release from the gastrointestinal tract. To determine whether hyposecretion of GIP was present in CF subjects, GIP secretion was measured in 15 control children and ten children with CF, following a standard oral glucose tolerance test. None of the subjects was diabetic but the CF children demonstrated significant insulinopenia compared to the normal control subjects. GIP secretion in the CF children was significantly greater than in the normal control subjects (normal, 38.8 +/- 4.6 ng/ml . min; CF, 54.9 +/- 6.1 ng/ml . min, P less than .01). These findings indicate that there is increased production of GIP in CF children rather than impaired secretion as had been postulated. The demonstration of hypersecretion of GIP in nondiabetic insulinopenic individuals adds further support to the hypothesis that insulin exerts feedback control on GIP secretion. PMID- 7017572 TI - Pneumococcal sepsis in childhood leukemia and lymphoma. AB - Forty episodes of sepsis in 28 patients with leukemia or lymphoma were reviewed. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 14 episodes and was the most frequent etiologic agent isolated. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for an additional 16 episodes. No patients with pneumococcal sepsis died whereas the overall mortality was 25%. Five of the patients with pneumococcal sepsis had polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts less than 500/cu mm. All patients in remission who had pneumococcal sepsis had a leukocytosis in response to their infection. Foci in patients with pneumococcal sepsis were identified in 50% of the episodes and all were confined to the respiratory tract. PMID- 7017573 TI - Renin levels in normokalemic hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 7017574 TI - Legionnaires' disease in children. AB - In a retrospective survey of sera collected from 126 patients under the age of 10 years, seroreactivity was first detected at 1 year of age when the geometric mean titer rose from 12 to 24. This activity increased to a titer of 102 in the 4 to 6-year-old group and was maintained in the 7- to 9-year-old group. At the time of serum collection, at least 25% of those sampled had a titer of 256 or greater, a level currently thought to be presumptive evidence of infection at some undetermined time. No difference in the geometric mean titer could be ascertained when the population was divided by clinical diagnosis or by sex. No seasonal variation was observed. Of 35 paired sera from children under the age of 5 years, three fourfold rises were observed. One rise to a titer of 128 was detected in an 11-month-old girl with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The second rise in a 5-year-old boy with pneumonia was an increase from 256 to 2,048. The third rise in a 6-month-old with pneumonia did not meet the currently accepted level necessary for confirmed diagnosis. These data suggest that infection with Legionella pneumophila, or a closely related agent, is common in this population, occurring before 9 years of age, and may be a cause of mild respiratory disease in infants and children. PMID- 7017575 TI - Facial cellulitis: an early indicator of group B streptococcal bacteremia. AB - Epithelial manifestations as indicators of group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia have been infrequently reported in the literature. This report describes three infants, ranging in age from 2 1/2 weeks to 7 weeks, who were seen with facial cellulitis as the only sign of GBS bacteremia. Only one of these infants had fever on presentation; otherwise, there were no signs of systemic illness. "Spontaneous cellulitis" should be viewed as an indicator of underlying bacteremia; in an infant less than 3 months of age, GBS should be considered a prime etiologic agent. PMID- 7017576 TI - Streptococcal submandibular cellulitis in young infants. AB - Six infants with streptococcal submandibular cellulitis and bacteremia were managed in our institution during a seven-month period. Five uncomplicated cases were caused by group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and one rapidly progressive case of Ludwig's angina was caused by group A Streptococcus. Recognition of this characteristic clinical presentation of group B streptococcal infection may be beneficial in the management of such patients. PMID- 7017577 TI - Adverse reactions to parenteral lincomycin. AB - Lincomycin use has not been reported exclusively in children and inasmuch as it has been extensively used at our institution, a chart review of 265 patients who received parenteral lincomycin at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses for five days or longer was undertaken. The following conditions were diagnosed: cellulitis, 39%; septic arthritis, 21%; osteomyelitis, 16%; abscess, 13%; lymphadenitis, 9%; and pneumonia, 1%. Cures were achieved in all. The majority of organisms cultured were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Duration of therapy ranged from five to 63 days, with a mean of 15 days. The lincomycin dose ranged from 75 to 2,400 mg every six hours. The majority of patients received the drug intravenously, but 25.7% received it only intramuscularly. There were no adverse reactions at the administration sites. Only 3% of the patients developed diarrhea, which was not felt to be secondary to the drug. There were no cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Therefore parenteral lincomycin in children appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used for infections due to Gram-positive cocci. PMID- 7017578 TI - Medical versus surgical treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux: report of the International Reflux Study Committee. PMID- 7017579 TI - Mortality of chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation in pediatric end stage renal disease. AB - The long-term mortality of chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation was analyzed in all children treated for end-stage renal disease at Children's Hospital Medical Center over the pase 8 1/2 years. A total of 216 transplantation or dialysis courses in 120 patients were studied. No patients were excluded from treatment or analysis. Overall actuarial survival was 92% at six months, 90% at 12 months, and 89% at five years. When actuarial survival for each form of treatment was examined, patient survival was 100% at six months and 95% at five years for chronic hemodialysis; 92% at six months and five years for living related transplantation; and 88% at six months and 85% at five years for cadaveric transplantation. We conclude that most children with end-stage renal disease can be kept alive with current treatment programs, and that the mortality of chronic hemodialysis in children is comparable to that of renal transplantation. PMID- 7017580 TI - Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in normotensive infants with elevated plasma renin activity and hyperaldosteronism: role of dietary chloride deficiency. AB - The role of chloride deficiency in the generation of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with elevated plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels, normal blood pressure, and a renal concentrating defect was studied in six infants given a soy formula that was deficient in chloride. A deceleration in linear growth, weight gain, and head circumference with age and delayed neurologic development were noted in every infant during the first six months of life. Microscopic hematuria and persistent elevation of plasma creatinine were noted in four of the infants. A renal biopsy in two infants revealed no juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, but interstitial tubular calcification was observed in one, and interstitial fibrosis was found in both. The generation of the hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in these infants was explained by the reduced intake of chloride, and the addition of chloride alone to the diet resulted in a correction of the electrolyte abnormalities and the alkalosis. PMID- 7017581 TI - Spina bifida: a new disease. PMID- 7017582 TI - Clinical and serologic evaluation of measles, mumps, and rubella (HPV-77:DE-5 and RA 27/3) virus vaccines, singly and in combination. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of single component and combination measles, mumps, and rubella (HPV-77:DE-5 and RA 27/3) virus vaccines involving 502 young children was conducted. The rubella antibody response was similar with RA 27/3 rubella and measles-mumps-rubella (RA 27/3) vaccines, but was diminished with the combination vaccine that incorporated HPV-77:DE-5 rubella. There was no evidence of enhanced clinical reactivity with either of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccines. PMID- 7017583 TI - Aspergillus endocarditis in children: case report and review of the literature. AB - Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis developed in a 2 1/2-year-old girl after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. There have been 14 other cases of Aspergillus endocarditis in children described in the literature. Fever and embolic phenomenon, particularly to the CNS, were the most common presenting manifestations. Consumptive coagulopathy developed in this patient as it has in other children and should suggest the diagnosis of Aspergillus endocarditis inasmuch as blood cultures are uniformly negative. Antemortem diagnosis was made in four of 15 patients. Only one patient survived the infection. Environmental surveillance is crucial when a case is encountered. Survival of the infected patient occurs only with early diagnosis and surgical removal of the infected tissue. PMID- 7017584 TI - [20 cases of bronchiolitis in infants]. PMID- 7017585 TI - [Proposed model for computerized statistical analysis for use in a screening campaign for congenital or acquired hematological diseases]. PMID- 7017586 TI - [Levamisole]. PMID- 7017587 TI - [Peculiarities and defects of blood coagulation in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7017588 TI - [The conjoined twins of Cerrahpasa-Istanbul]. PMID- 7017590 TI - Baccalaureate and master's degree programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1981 82. PMID- 7017589 TI - The role of the cardiac nerves in regulation of sodium excretion in conscious dogs. AB - Conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, maintained on a high sodium intake, were used to investigate whether surgical cardiac denervation impairs the natriuresis associated with left atrial pressure increase produced in three ways: during an increase in left atrial pressure by means of a reversible mitral stenosis (protocol 1); after an i.v. saline load (1.0 ml 0.9% saline min-1 . kg-1 over 60 min) (protocol 2); after an oral saline load (14.5 mmol Na . kg-1 given with the food as isotonic solution) (protocol 3). During a reversible mitral stenosis, in intact dogs, urine volume and sodium excretion increased markedly (from 34--145 microliters . min-1 . kg-1 and from 3--12 mumol . min-1 . kg-1); mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 2 kPa (15 mm Hg) and heart rate by 53 b/min; plasma renin activity fell from 0.37--0.21 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1 . Cardiac denervation eliminated these effects of left atrial distension except for a small increase in heart rate (12 b/min). This indicates that the natriuresis and diuresis during left atrial distension resulted from stimulation of receptors located in the left atrium. In contrast, during protocol 2 and 3, the same amounts of sodium and water were excreted in the cardiac denervated dogs as compared to the intact dogs. A comparable decrease in plasma renin activity also was observed. -- Apparently the presence of the cardiac nerves is not a prerequisite for maintenance of sodium and water homeostasis. PMID- 7017592 TI - Associate degree nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1980-81. PMID- 7017591 TI - State-approved schools of nursing R.N. 1981. PMID- 7017593 TI - Mrs. Francisca B. Ibanez; Vice-President, MHNLN. This issue's personality. PMID- 7017594 TI - [Fluorides in caries prevention at the turn of the century]. PMID- 7017595 TI - [Toward a cure for acute leukemia]. PMID- 7017596 TI - [Isolated dissection of the renal artery. A rare cause of arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - During aetiological investigation of recently developed hypertension in a 31-year old man, isolated dissection of the upper branch of the right renal artery was discovered. Injection, after sodium depletion, of saralasin, a competitive angiotensin II inhibitor, resulted in significant fall of the mean arterial pressure. During sodium depletion, the plasma renin activity was higher in the right renal artery (17.8 ng/ml/h) than in the left artery (9.4 ng/ml/h) and the infra-renal portion of the inferior vena cava (8.7 ng/ml/h). These figures suggested that surgical treatment of the dissection would have beneficial effects on blood pressure. Six months after resection of the pathological arterial segment and replacement by a graft from the internal saphenous vein, blood pressure had spontaneously returned to normal levels. PMID- 7017597 TI - [Progress in surgery of Fallot's tetralogy]. PMID- 7017598 TI - [Legionnaire's disease contracted in Brussels. One case (author's transl)]. AB - A 71-year-old patient living in a street where major road works were taking place developed diffuse bronchopneumonia with changes in hepatic and renal biochemical tests. Since neutrophilia was moderate and all bacteriological investigations were negative, the patient was given erythromycin and was tested for antibodies directed against Legionella pneumophila. The titers of these antibodies rose from 32 to 2048 after one month. The patient was cured. PMID- 7017599 TI - 5-(carboxymethylaminomethyl)-2-thiouridine, a new modified nucleoside found at the first letter position of the anticodon. AB - The structure of a modified uridine derivative which was detected at the first letter position of the anticodon of Bacillus subtilis tRNA1Lys was determined to be 5-(carboxymethylaminomethyl)-2-thiouridine. The determination was mainly based in this ultraviolet absorption spectra and mass spectrometric analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivative. PMID- 7017601 TI - And this costs money. PMID- 7017600 TI - Teaching drug dosages by computer. AB - In the semester before using the computer program, 11 students out of 28 failed the final mastery exam in calculation of drug dosages and had to repeat it. Many hours of counseling were required. In the following fall semester, the computer program was not complete but was used partially by students who failed the math skills pretest. That semester there were two failures out of 32 on the final exam. The next semester, when the computer program was fully implemented, 32 students out of the 32 passed the final exam; 26 passed with 100 percent, five passed with 95 percent, and one passed with 90 percent. Thus while computer assisted teaching may not be the answer for all areas in nursing education, it is very effective for some. PMID- 7017602 TI - Diabetes mellitus--short-stay treatment in a specialised unit 1. A patient wit newly diagnosed growth onset diabetes. PMID- 7017603 TI - A little advice to amateur nurses by 'The New Doctor'. PMID- 7017604 TI - 100 years of ophthalmic nursing. PMID- 7017605 TI - Doctors test improved skin graft technique on themselves. PMID- 7017606 TI - Severely handicapped newborn: 'to let live' or 'cause to die'. PMID- 7017607 TI - Biochemistry. Blood glucose tests. PMID- 7017608 TI - At the heart of a drug: beta blocker. The Norwegian Multicentre Study Group. PMID- 7017609 TI - Pioneers in medicine--medicine's two first ladies (Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson). PMID- 7017610 TI - William Ernest Henley: early impressions. PMID- 7017611 TI - History of the navy nurses: a life on the ocean waves. PMID- 7017612 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: cry havoc... PMID- 7017613 TI - Retraction cords with aluminum chloride: effect on the gingiva. PMID- 7017614 TI - Has gold foil earned a place among our filling materials? by James Mark Prime. PMID- 7017615 TI - Seven acrylic resins for custom trays and five putty-wash systems compared. PMID- 7017616 TI - Effect of abrasive blasting on castings of gold alloys. PMID- 7017617 TI - Hollenback prize. (Rafael Lee Bowen). PMID- 7017619 TI - Cellular characteristics of immunolabeled luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons. AB - This study utilized the preembedding immunocytochemical technique in order to identify LHRH-containing neurons in rat brain and define their ultrastructural characteristics. LHRH-containing neurons in the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, medial septum, triangular nucleus of the septum and other regions were studied by taking ultrathin serial sections. These neurons had scant cytoplasm surrounding a centrally-located, spheroid, euchromatic nucleus. Neurosecretory granules were evenly distributed throughout the cell, but many tended to lie directly under the plasmalemma. The cytoplasm was organized in such a way that the most extensive portion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was polar opposite to areas having high concentrations of Golgi complex, lysosome like bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. The perikarya had no axosomatic synapses but functional interaction via unspecialized appositions to the plasmalemma cannot be discounted. Many of the perikarya bore at least one cilium. Processes from immunonegative cells were occasionally observed to penetrate the cytoplasm of the LHRH perikaryon or its processes. At their points of origin, dendrites were found to be broadened processes containing many elements common to the cytoplasm: ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cristal and lamellar mitochondria, neurotubules, and an occasional alveolate caveola. Infrequently, some of the LHRH axons were partially myelinated. This method of studying serial-sectioned immunocytochemically-identified cells is suggested as a means of describing the cellular and subcellular characteristics of other specific peptide-containing cells. PMID- 7017618 TI - Interaction of opiate peptide and noradrenalin systems: light microscopic studies. AB - In this light microscopic immunocytochemical study beta-Endorphin (beta-END), leu enkephalin and dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) antisera are used to obtain an overview of the interaction of the noradrenergic and opiate peptide systems in brain. Serial brain areas were analyzed for DBH and then for beta-END or leu enkephalin. Several areas were evaluated for cell and fiber interactions between these systems. The areas of richest possible contact between beta-END and DBH positive systems include the rostral locus coeruleus region, the periaqueductal grey, possibly the dorsal thalamus, the paraventricular hypothalamus and the arcuate nucleus. Enkephalin cells and fibers were seen surrounding the locus coeruleus throughout its length with a few fibers in the nucleus itself. PMID- 7017620 TI - Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry: I. Localization of catecholamines and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat median eminence. AB - Adjacent tissue sections through the rat median eminence were examined for the distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and catecholamines (CA). A simultaneous visualization technique was employed for this correlative neuroanatomical analysis. At rostral and mid-central levels of the median eminence the majority of GnRH terminals do not appear in coexistence with CA terminals; the latter were confined to the outer-most 10 micrometers of the median eminence while the densest concentration of GnRH terminals was located internal to this layer. However, individual GnRH fibers appeared to penetrate the outer CA zone wherein they were found in juxtaposition to portal capillaries. At caudal levels of the median eminence, there was an extensive overlap of CA and GnRH varicosities adjacent to the tubero-infundibular sulcus. In addition, numerous GnRH terminals were seen adjacent to portal vessels. The differences in the positions of CA and GnRH terminals between rostral and caudal median eminence may provide a morphological basis for the hypothesis of separate regulatory mechanisms for CA upon GnRH secretion at these two levels of the median eminence. PMID- 7017621 TI - Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry: III. Ontogeny of catecholamine varicosities and neurophysin neurons in the rat supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. AB - The ontogeny of the rat supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei was studied using a combined fluorescence-immunocytochemical technique for the simultaneous localization of catecholamines (CA) and neurophysin (NP). NP neurons and CA varicosities were first detected in the SON and PVN at 1 days postcoitus. The development of NP neurons which included increases in immunoreactivity in both nuclei proceeded through fetal and neonatal stages, approaching maturity by 21-28 days postnatal; the maturation of the PVN lagged behind that of the SON. CA varicosities appear to make contact with NP neurons beginning at 21-22 days postnatal adult-like patterns were established. The prenatal dominance of NP stain relative to CA fluorescence may suggest a possible neurotrophic role for magnocellular neurons and/or their products upon ingrowing noradrenergic axons. PMID- 7017622 TI - Bacterial peptides with C-terminal similarities to bovine neurotensin. AB - Using radioimmunoassay, peptides resembling the C-terminal region of bovine neurotensin (NT) have been demonstrated in acid/acetone extracts of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Escherichia coli, and Caulaobacter crescentus. The NT like bacterial components were shown to behave as peptides of small molecular weight (less than 2000) which were stable to acid and heat but labile to proteolytic digestion. In the radioimmunoassay toward NT they displayed dose response curves parallel to standard and gave results indicating a competitive type of interaction with NT binding sites on antibody. The bacterial extracts did not register in a control radioimmunoassay toward rat luteinizing hormone. Some of the NT-like immunoreactivity could also be bound to an retrieved from anti-NT antibody-Sepharose preparations. Since the C-terminal region of NT constitutes its biologically active core, these results suggest that presence of biologically important congeners of NT in bacteria. PMID- 7017623 TI - Inhibition of LH-release by synthetic analogues of LH-RH in rat pituitary cell culture. AB - Conditions for testing the inhibitory activity of synthetic analogues of LH-RH in monolayer cultures of rat pituitary cells were optimized. Nine synthetic derivatives of LH-RH were tested to evaluate their inhibitory dose50(ID50) values. The peptide antagonists tested included linear, branched-chain, dimeric and tetrameric derivatives of LH-RH, Ac-D-Phe1, D-Cpa2, D-Trp3,6-LH-RH (analogue V) was found to be the most effective competitive inhibitor of the series with an ID50 value of 6 x 10(-9)M in the presence of 10(-9) M LH-RH. The kinetics of the LH-RH-blocking action of two inhibitors were also studied. Both the linear (analogue I) and the dimeric (analogue VI) peptide showed immediate inhibition of HL-release. Prolonged inhibitory activity of the same two peptides was observed when cells were incubated with LH-Rh subsequent to preincubation with the inhibitors. PMID- 7017625 TI - [Insulinemia and carbohydrate intolerance in obese patients on a reducing diet]. PMID- 7017626 TI - [Reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 7017624 TI - [Gastrovison Schering preparation used for investigations of the upper gastrointestinal tract by double-contrast method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017627 TI - [Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolica in man]. PMID- 7017629 TI - [Blood levels of insulin, growth hormone and glucose in tetanus]. PMID- 7017628 TI - [Use of an "artificial pancreas" (Biostator GCIIS) for determining insulin requirement in diabetes]. PMID- 7017630 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of neurological complications in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7017632 TI - [Case of Caffey-Silverman syndrome in a 1-month-old infant]. PMID- 7017631 TI - [Proposed changes of procedure in studies on Salmonella and Shigella carrier states]. PMID- 7017633 TI - [Problem of tolerance and biological availability in the treatment with cytostatics]. PMID- 7017634 TI - [Long-term use of lithium salts - endocrinological and biochemical aspects]. PMID- 7017635 TI - [Use of pectins in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 7017636 TI - [Role of pulmonary collagen in physiological and pathological processes]. PMID- 7017637 TI - [Isolated gastric reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 7017639 TI - [Immunological and clinical differences between lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma originating from non-T, non-B cells, T cells and B cells]. PMID- 7017640 TI - [Regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis in vitro]. PMID- 7017641 TI - [Polymorphism of myosin in muscle and nonmuscle cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017638 TI - [Relation between neoplasm and histocompatibility H-2 antigens]. PMID- 7017642 TI - [Structure of thyroglobulin and its function in thyroid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017643 TI - [Altered enzymes in aging cells and organisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017644 TI - [Use of lacI gene for determination of mutation specificity]. PMID- 7017645 TI - [Removable bridge with a telescopic system. III]. PMID- 7017646 TI - [Removable bridge with a telescopic system. IV]. PMID- 7017648 TI - [Clinical studies of the Konuskronen telescopic system]. PMID- 7017647 TI - [Milling bar-splinted overlay denture for few remaining lower teeth]. PMID- 7017649 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 1. Design]. PMID- 7017650 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 2. Preparation of the crown]. PMID- 7017651 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 3. Impressions and impression materials]. PMID- 7017653 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 5. Inner cap]. PMID- 7017652 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 4. Models]. PMID- 7017654 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 6. Outer cap]. PMID- 7017655 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 7. Bar]. PMID- 7017656 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 8. Arrangement of artificial teeth]. PMID- 7017657 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 9. Trial with the wax denture]. PMID- 7017658 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 10. Trial of the finished denture]. PMID- 7017659 TI - [Partial denture using Milling technics. 12. Management of problems]. PMID- 7017660 TI - [Partial denture for 21/12 defects using Milling technics]. PMID- 7017661 TI - [Upper lateral free-end saddle denture and lower partial denture]. PMID- 7017663 TI - [Removable bridge with a telescopic system. II]. PMID- 7017662 TI - [Removable bridge with a telescopic system. I]. PMID- 7017664 TI - [Consideration of prosthetic treatment in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7017665 TI - [Selection of abutment teeth in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7017667 TI - [I.R.V. partial denture--correlation between function and preventive periodontics in multiple missing teeth]. PMID- 7017666 TI - [Prosthetic treatment in periodontal diseases: management and maintenance]. PMID- 7017668 TI - [Orthodontic treatment prior to prosthesis insertion]. PMID- 7017669 TI - [Precision attachment prosthesis]. PMID- 7017671 TI - [Terminal renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7017670 TI - [Premature babies in the past and today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017672 TI - [Lipases of gram-negative bacteria: a review]. AB - The review surveys current concepts concerning properties of lipases from gram negative bacteria. It discusses the effects of cultivation conditions (composition, temperature and pH of the medium) of bacteria-producers on the biosynthesis of lipases. PMID- 7017673 TI - [Coordination immobilization of fungal proteinases]. AB - The possibility of coordination immobilization of fungal enzymes from Aspergillus niger MB and Aspergillus flavipes on the styrene copolymer with maleic acid has been explored. Optimal conditions for preparing insoluble chromium-containing enzyme polymeric complexes have been studied. The synergistic effect of salts of different metals on stability of chromium-containing immobilized preparations has been demonstrated. Properties of the resultant immobilized preparations have been examined. PMID- 7017674 TI - On the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction of the uraemic male. PMID- 7017675 TI - Visual function can be preserved in insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis. AB - Evolution of visual function was assessed in 43 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis (MH) for a cumulative duration of 1248 patient-months. At start of MH, 23 patients (46 eyes) still had good vision, 20 patients (40 eyes) were blind. All 40 blind eyes had severe proliferative retinopathy (PR) with additional irreversible complications in 32. Of the 46 eyes with preserved vision, PR was present in 24 (52.2%) with only 2 additional severe complications. Restoration of sight was obtained either spontaneously or after ophthalmic surgery in 6 eyes (7%). Stabilisation was achieved in 74% of eyes which retained vision at the start of MH. Two patients with eyesight at start of MH became blind (8.7%). Aggravation of visual function is mainly related to development of PR and not to haemodialysis per se. Careful ophthalmic follow-up, together with close control of diabetes, blood-pressure and uraemia can ensure preservation of vision in most IDD patients treated by MH. PMID- 7017676 TI - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe. X, 1979. PMID- 7017677 TI - Use of prostacyclin in regular dialysis therapy. PMID- 7017679 TI - Corticosteroid therapy for renal transplantation. PMID- 7017678 TI - Immunodeficiency in chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 7017680 TI - Are there non-steroid-dependent rejection episodes? AB - We undertook two randomised studies in an effort to decrease the dosage of steroids in transplanted patients and to replace harmful steroid therapy by nonsteroid anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs. In the first study, 50 consecutive transplant recipients were randomly assigned to the treatment or the control group. In both groups, patients received azathioprine and prednisolone. ATG was added to this protocol in the experimental group. The number of renal failure episodes and consequently the amount of steroid necessary to control these episodes were significantly lower in the ATG group than in the other group. Two year post-transplantation kidney survival was 79% in the ATG group and 52% in the control group. In the second study, 15 consecutive transplant recipients were randomly assigned to two control groups and to one experimental group, where steroids were replaced by NSAI drugs. This preliminary, and very limited, pilot trial demonstrates the existence of early acute renal failure episodes, probably of immunological origin, which can improve spontaneously in the absence of steroid therapy. PMID- 7017682 TI - Sonographic features of ATN and of acute rejection in renal allografts. AB - The sonographic changes occurring during post transplant acute tubular necrosis and rejection are discussed. Seven patients with proven ATN are shown to maintain normal sonographic features and exhibit normal hypertrophy. In contrast during acute rejection the findings in 21 patients included in order of frequency the following 1) sudden increase in renal volume, 2) prominent medullary pyramids, 3) abnormal echogenicity, 4) decreased amplitude of the central sinus echoes, 5) increased cortical thickness, 6) crescent shaped fluid collections and 7) indistinct corticomedullary boundary. PMID- 7017683 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of the in situ inflammatory response of renal allograft rejection. AB - Transplant aspiration cytology (TAC) may be performed daily from human renal allografts without risk to the graft or to the graft recipient. With TAC it is possible to accurately quantitate the onset, type, degree and duration of the inflammatory response of rejection, predict the course of rejection, and on certain occasions also visualise the rejection prior to the appearance of clinical signs. The method also provides a quantitative tool for the assessment of the effects of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs on the composition of the in situ inflammatory infiltrate. PMID- 7017681 TI - Steroids and rejection treatment in the Gothenburg transplant programme. AB - Our experience from the Gothenburg material indicates that the graft prognosis is highly dependent on pretransplant blood transfusions, to a lesser degree on avoidance of two mismatches for the HLA-B-locus and, not the least, on the use of methylprednisolone antirejection therapy. It seems that a rather moderate dosage of methylprednisolone allows us to prolong and repeat the courses according to individual needs, and this may be the main reason for the significantly improved graft function at one year. The experiences gained and the lessons learned from the transplant programme in Gothenburg have resulted in 70% of the uraemic patients in the Gothenburg region being alive with functioning renal transplants. PMID- 7017684 TI - Enhanced prostacyclin synthesis in acute human kidney transplant rejection. AB - In acute and chronic kidney transplant rejection renal cortical and medullary tissue samples were examined for their prostacyclin (PGI2) generation by bioassay and compared with normal tissue. In acute rejection PGI2 formation was significantly enhanced, particularly in the cortex. In chronic rejection the PGI2 formation was comparable with control tissue. Since PGI2 is a very potent platelet aggregation inhibitor and vasodilator, it is concluded that the increase in PGI2 generation in acute rejection might be a self protecting mechanism which is, however, overwhelmed in irreversible rejection. PMID- 7017685 TI - A controlled trial evaluating intensive plasma exchange in renal transplant recipients. AB - Sixty patients have been entered into a controlled trial evaluating the use of intensive plasma exchange (IPE) in renal transplant recipients. During the first three months post-transplant, patients receive either conventional anti-rejection therapy alone (control group) or conventional anti-rejection therapy and IPE (IPE group) for all rejection episodes. Twenty percent of the grafts in the control group versus 10% in the IPE group have been lost to rejection (p = NS). The actual three month patient and graft survival in the control group (97% and 70%), respectively, is similar to the IPE group (94% and 80%), as is the one year actuarial graft and patient survival in the two groups. No statistically significant benefit of IPE has yet been demonstrated but the trend is encouraging and the complication rate sufficiently low so as to justify continuing the study. PMID- 7017686 TI - Less aggressive rejection therapy and low-dose corticosteroids leading to satisfactory cadaveric kidney graft survival and low morbidity rate. AB - A less aggressive approach in treatment of rejection crises has been introduced since January 1979. Findings in 39 patients demonstrate that rejection treatment can be started later and be applied with considerably less frequency without an increase in graft loss. A reduction of more than 50% in corticosteroid dosage applied within three months after transplantation seems to be possible, with a sharp decrease of morbidity rate. PMID- 7017687 TI - Machine preservation of 450 cadaver kidneys. AB - Cadaver kidneys procured from homeostatic donors can be preserved for periods up to 67 hours without adversely affecting graft survival. Donor creatinine, use of vasopressors, and perfusion characteristics do not seem important factors. PMID- 7017688 TI - Non-heartbeating donors, is it worthwhile? AB - In view of the shortage of cadaveric organ donors a retrospective study has been performed to determine the results of transplantation of non-heartbeating donor kidneys. Graft and patient survival and renal function in the 60 cases analysed in this study, showed no adverse effect of the use of non-heartbeating donor kidneys. The initial graft function was best after in situ cooling of the kidneys, using an intra-aortic double balloon catheter, followed by machine preservation. It is concluded that nephrectomy of non-heartbeating donors is worthwhile and that these donors should be included in all organ harvesting programmes. PMID- 7017689 TI - Results of kidney transplantation in relation to HLA-A, B, DR matching and quality of donor organ. AB - The influence of HLA compatibility as well as immediate postoperative function on survival rates was investigated in 203 cadaver kidney transplants. HLA compatibility, especially DR compatibility, improved transplant survival significantly. A direct correlation was found between primary transplant function and long-term results. HLA compatibility and quality of the donor organ had a cumulative effect on kidney transplant survival. Our results are a further indication that besides HLA compatibility, optimal quality of donor organs has crucial significance for the results of transplantation. PMID- 7017690 TI - Modification of kidney graft survival in dog and man by pre-operative transfusion to the donor. AB - The present experiments indicate that the transplantation reaction is not solely caused by immunocompetent cells of the recipient, but also by immunocompetent cells in the donor organ. Immunisation of the donor did modify the immune response as demonstrated with kidney grafts in rat, dog and man. In the dog prolonged kidney graft survival by one peroperative blood transfusion was reduced to control level by transfusion of the donor on day -1 with 100ml third party blood. In the rat third party blood transfusion to the donor reduced kidney graft survival significantly, but donor pretreatment with recipient lymphocytes induced significantly prolonged survival. This suggests that the modification of graft survival by donor transfusion is an immunological phenomenon. Immunisation of the donor with recipient cells may induce specific immunoreactive cells in the graft that causes a local graft versus host reaction, which inhibits the rejection reaction. In man 44 recipients were studied who only received blood peroperatively. Significantly impaired graft survival was noted if the donor was not transfused, resulting in 19% 3-month kidney function, versus 61% with transfused donors. PMID- 7017691 TI - Outcome of repeated renal regrafting. AB - Fifteen patients underwent renal transplantation 4 and in one case 5 times. 7/15 grafts (47%) survived more than one year. The one year graft loss due to rejection was 40%. Seven patients are currently alive -- five with excellent graft function and optimal rehabilitation. Two patients are back and well on dialysis. Standard operation technique worked well in all cases. In our opinion repeated renal regrafting is a well worthwhile procedure. PMID- 7017692 TI - Plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and iPTH in transplanted adults with persisting hypophosphataemia. AB - Hypophosphataemia is a common finding among kidney transplanted patients [1,2]. In a previous study in kidney transplanted children with plasma creatinine below 1.1mg/dl, we demonstrated [3] a negative correlation between plasma phosphorus and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the renal hormonal form of vitamin D. No such correlation was apparent in children with minimal increase in plasma creatinine. The aim of the present investigation carried out in hypophosphataemic transplanted adults was two-fold: 1) to determine whether hypophosphataemia results from persisting hyperparathyroidism or from a renal phosphorus leak, or both, and 2) to study the relation between plasma phosphorus, iPTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 in these patients. PMID- 7017693 TI - Prognostic significance of B and T cell antibodies in kidney transplantation. AB - The prognostic significance of pre- and post-transplant B and T cell antibodies was studied in 183 cadaver kidney transplantations. Our results confirm previous reports that a successful kidney transplantation can be carried out in spite of a positive crossmatch due to B cell antibodies. However, it is doubtful whether such antibodies have a protective effect. The success rate seemed to be higher only in patients with preformed cold antibodies. The occurrence and persistence of allogeneic anti-donor antibodies directed against T cells was significantly associated with an unfavourable graft prognosis. Patients with post-transplant anti-donor B cell antibodies had lower (but not significantly) graft survival rates. These findings provide additional evidence for a crucial role of anti donor antibodies in kidney graft outcome. PMID- 7017694 TI - T-active rosette forming cells as a better index of kidney transplantation recipients' immune reactivity. PMID- 7017696 TI - Alternate day steroids and blood pressure control after renal transplantation. AB - Conversion to alternate day prednisone therapy resulted in a reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive renal transplant recipients. Plasma renin activity was also reduced and may be connected with the fall in blood pressure. There was evidence of increased aldosterone activity, possibly mediated by ACTH, but there was no evidence that the fall in blood pressure was due to changes in sodium status. PMID- 7017695 TI - Serological study of patients receiving prospective blood transfusions before kidney transplantation. PMID- 7017697 TI - Incidence of cancer in renal transplant recipients. AB - In summary, the susceptibility of transplant recipients to the development of cancer is dramatically revealed by the oncogenic effects of sunlight. Skin and other forms of carcinoma are aggressive and develop particularly in patients doing well from the immunological point of view post transplantation. Patients with cancer are less susceptible to rejection than those without. Patients with malignancy survive significantly better in the early post transplant years than do those without cancer, but fare much worse later on because of deaths caused by cancer and because of the need to withdraw immune suppressive therapy in those patients with proliferating cancer. Almost 40% of long survivors have cancer, an incidence which continues to increase. Cancer has become a major cause of mortality in long survivors. It seems that, with time, most carcinomas which occur in the general population will occur with increased frequency in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7017698 TI - The timing of immunosuppressive therapy and suppression of the immune response. PMID- 7017699 TI - Psychological and socio-economic aspects of dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 7017700 TI - Metabolic alterations caused by uraemia. PMID- 7017701 TI - Metabolic effects of long-term diversion of renal venous blood into the portal system. AB - In seven splenectomised dogs a left renal vein-splenic vein anastomosis was performed and the right kidney removed. Eighteen to twenty-four months after portalisation of renal venous blood no significant alterations of liver function tests were found. Long-term diversion of renal venous blood into the liver was followed by a slight increase of creatinine and 25(OH)D3, a decrease of alpha amino acid nitrogen in blood plasma and of plasma renin activity in peripheral blood, by symptoms of slight carbohydrate intolerance despite hyperinsulinaemia and a slight decrease of erythrocytosis. No influence of this procedure on plasma proteins, lipids, electrolytes, aldosterone and cortisol was observed. No morphological abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues were found. PMID- 7017702 TI - Are results of immunosuppressive therapy influenced by immunogenetic markers? AB - A group of 157 children, 4-15 years old, suffering from various forms of glomerulonephritis were investigated. Associations between the HLA system and the clinical, morphological and therapeutic responses were looked for. The study revealed the following associations: chronic GN to B15 and B18; Schonlein-Henoch GN to B27, Bw35 and Bw40; focal GN to B18; mesangioproliferative GN to B27; susceptibility to corticosteroids to B18; resistance to corticosteroids to B15. PMID- 7017704 TI - Long term effect of captopril in hypertension with chronic renal failure. AB - We report the use of the orally active converting enzyme inhibitor Captopril in hypertensive patients with mild chronic renal failure. Twenty eight patients were followed for a period of six months. Eleven patients required the addition of furosemide. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased in all but two at six months (MAP: 102 +/- 0.8 vs 133 +/- 2.2mmHg, p less than 0.001). Untoward effects were frequent: the commonest reactions are loss of taste (four patients), skin rashes (11 patients), proteinuria (2 patients), tachycardia (2 cases). These side effects disappeared after reduction of dose (10 cases) or withdrawal (8 cases). Patients on 300mg daily or less were free of any untoward effect. In summary (i) Captopril alone or in combination with furosemide has an antihypertensive effect in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension; (ii) side effects seem to be dose dependant and a reduced dosage should be used in these patients. PMID- 7017703 TI - A possible common pathogenesis of the mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis in patients with Berger's disease and Schonlein-Henoch syndrome. AB - High serum levels of polymeric IgA, partially as immune complexes, have been found in patients with Berger's disease and Schonlein-Henoch syndrome. Polymeric IgA was also found in the renal mesangium in both entities as judged by its affinity for the human secretory component. These data reinforce the clinical and morphological suspicion that both entities may represent variations of the spectrum of the same disease. PMID- 7017705 TI - Effect of 1 alpha hydroxylated vitamin D on steroid induced calcium malabsorption. AB - As persistent bone loss is a major problem of chronic steroid therapy the effects of 3 weeks therapy with 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol were studied in 10 kidney transplant recipients on chronic steroid therapy. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in intestinal calcium absorption, paralleled by a significant decrease of serum iPTH, whereas neither plasma calcium nor urinary calcium excretion rose significantly, suggesting a positive calcium balance throughout the study. It is therefore suggested that administration of active vitamin D metabolites is an effective protection against one of the pathogenic mechanisms of steroid induced osteopenia. PMID- 7017706 TI - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe, 1979. PMID- 7017707 TI - Prophage (phi 80) induction in Escherichia coli K-12 by specific deoxyoligonucleotides. AB - A cell preparation that is permeable to proteins and oligonucleotides yet produces infectious phage particles after induction treatments was obtained by plasmolysis of Escherichia coli cells lysogenic for phi 80. When the permeabilized cells were exposed to specific oligo(deoxynucleotides), prophage (phi 80) was induced during further incubation. Of the dinucleotides tested, only d(A-G), d(G-G), and d(I-G) induced prophage. The essential base sequence of the deoxydinucleotides for the induction was determined to be deoxy(purine-G). Among oligo(deoxynucleotides) with unique base composition examined, only oligo(deoxyguanylates) exhibited the inducing activity. Although this specific oligo(deoxynucleotide)-triggered induction occurred in recB- cells, the induction was not detected in recA- cells or in the cells lysogenic for induction-negative phi 80(ind-). Possible biological significance of the oligo(deoxynucleotide) triggered prophage induction is discussed. PMID- 7017708 TI - Organization of transcriptional signals in plasmids pBR322 and pACYC184. AB - Electron microscopic analysis of in vitro transcriptional complexes of pBR322 and pACYC184 revealed five and six major transcriptional units, respectively, in these two plasmid vectors. These units are transcribed with various efficiencies, depending upon the individual promoter strengths, which differ in pBR322 up to 10 fold. A most interesting signal arrangement was found at the beginning of the tetracycline resistance region, where two partially overlapping promoters (P1 and P2) initiate transcription crosswise in opposite directions. Whereas P2 is known to promote tetracycline resistance and to be inactivated by HindIII cleavage, P1 is able to transcribe DNA integrated at that site and probably contributes to the expression of the beta-lactamase gene in pBR322. In pACYC184, besides P1, P2, and the cat (chloramphenicol resistance) promoter (P5), two initiation sites (P3 and P4) were mapped in a region that appears to be part of insertion sequence 1. The maps of transcription signals permit a more predictable utilization of these cloning vehicles and also allow the reinterpretation of earlier cloning results. PMID- 7017709 TI - Immunoautoradiographic detection of proteins after electrophoretic transfer from gels to diazo-paper: analysis of adenovirus encoded proteins. AB - We describe a method by which complex protein mixtures are fractionated by standard one-dimensional Na-DodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or O'Farrell two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and then are efficiently and rapidly transferred electrophoretically to diazobenzyloxymethyl- or diazophenylthioether-paper and analyzed by immunoautoradiography. The method is illustrated with protein extracts of human KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2. Proteins were transferred from gels without decrease in resolution and with an increase in the sensitivity of detection by autoradiography when [35S]-methionine labeled proteins were used. When unlabeled proteins were transferred, low levels of virus encoded proteins could be detected by sequential treatment of diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper with anti-adenovirus type 2 virion or anti-73,000 DNA binding protein and 125I-labeled Staphyloccus aureus protein A. Covalently bound viral proteins retained immunologic reactivity after dissociation of the protein A and antibody, By one-dimensional gel transfer/immunoautoradiography, seven virion proteins were detected as prominent bands and several others as weaker bands. By two-dimensional gel transfer/immunoautoradiography, several additional viral proteins were detected. By use of anti-DNA binding protein serum, the Mr 73,000 protein and Mr 41,000-48,000 subspecies were detected. A protein present at a concentration of approximately 1 part in 100,000 of the total protein can be identified in cell extracts. This method may be applicable to various biological problems requiring resolution and detection of small amounts of specific proteins that can be recognized immunologically or that can be detected by binding to specific radiolabeled DNA or RNA sequences or hormones. PMID- 7017710 TI - Membrane potential changes during the first steps of coliphage infection. AB - Immediately after adsorption, phages T4 and T5 induce a partial depolarization of the host cytoplasmic membrane. Infected bacteria respond to this phage-induced effect by a repolarization that leads to a new steady state of reduced membrane potential. The rate and extent of repolarization are adjusted to the intensity of depolarization, which depends on the number of adsorbed phages. Consequently, the new steady state membrane potential is attained in the same interval of time regardless of the maximum depolarization. These membrane potential changes appear to be independent of phage-specific properties (type of phage, presence of DNA and internal proteins, injection process) and of several membrane-related parameters (temperature, external pH, preinfectious level of membrane potential). We propose that phage adsorption to the outer membrane triggers the emission of a signal that is transmitted to the cytoplasmic membrane. Additivity of independent signals is possible when stimuli (phages) are added at the same time. Additional adsorption of phages has no further depolarizing effect as soon as the repolarization begins. We propose that this refractoriness to secondary depolarization nd the shut-off of the first depolarization are induced by the same chemical modification also initiated by adsorption of the first phage. PMID- 7017711 TI - Cloning of yeast gene for trichodermin resistance and ribosomal protein L3. AB - Yeast cells sensitive to the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor trichodermin have been transformed with autonomously replicating recombinant plasmids carrying DNA fragments of the genome of a trichodermin-resistant yeast strain. After selection for trichodermin-resistant cells, several transformants yielded a plasmid containing a 13.5-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment that encodes the trichodermin resistance gene, tcm1, and the gene for ribosomal protein L3, the largest of the yeast ribosomal proteins. Cells carrying this plasmid are resistant to trichodermin and to the related drug verrucarin A as well as to the unrelated drug anisomycin. This pattern of resistance is similar to that exhibited by strains carrying a chromosomal copy of tcm1. Moreover, polyribosomes prepared from transformed cells are resistant to trichodermin when tested in an in vitro protein synthesis assay. Subcloning of the 13.5-kb DNA fragment revealed that the gene for tcm1 and the gene for protein L3 are contained within a 3.2-kb segment. These results suggest that the gene for trichodermin resistance in yeast specifies ribosomal protein L3. PMID- 7017712 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cloned rat serum albumin messenger RNA. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the recombinant DNA inserts of three bacterial plasmid clones containing nearly all of the rat serum albumin mRNA have been determined. A statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals a pattern of repeated internal homology that confirms the "intragenic triplication" model of albumin evolution. PMID- 7017713 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of filipin--cholesterol complexes across the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. AB - The Golgi apparatus is a key element in the ordered movement of secretory polypeptides from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane during secretion. It has been shown that cisternae that receive membranes from the reticulum are morphologically similar to the latter and that cisternae liberating secretory granules resemble that plasma membrane. By using an ultrastructural probe for membrane cholesterol, filipin, on freeze-fractured and thin-sectioned exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells, we have shown that an enrichment in filipin-cholesterol complexes takes places across the stacked cisternae of the Golgi apparatus; the reticulum-related (forming) cisternae are poor in such complexes, but the secretory granule-related (maturing) cisternae contain numerous complexes. Secretory granule membrane is also richly labeled with filipin-cholesterol complexes. The heterogeneous cholesterol distribution in the membranes of the Golgi apparatus, as shown by filipin, emphasizes the polarity of this organelle, in agreement with its role in organizing the traffic of the secretory polypeptides from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. PMID- 7017715 TI - Yeast tRNA precursor mutated at a splice junction is correctly processed in vivo. AB - Yeast mutants with decreased expression of a tRNATyr gene were obtained by selection for functional inactivation of the tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor SUP4 and subsequent screening for production of the tRNA gene product in vivo. One mutant with reduced suppressor activity was characterized by a decreased quantity of the suppressor-specific tRNA; a precursor to this tRNA, matured at both 5' and 3' termini but still containing a 14-nucleotide intervening sequence, was present in an amount greater than 7-fold that in the parent. By RNA sequence analysis of the accumulated precursor, we have identified the mutation as an A leads to G transition at the 5' splice junction. Similar analysis of the mature tRNA produced in this mutant demonstrated that the intervening sequence was accurately excised. We conclude that the specific sequence of nucleotides at this splice junction affects the efficiency but not the fidelity of processing. PMID- 7017714 TI - Vascular smooth muscle cells differ from other smooth muscle cells: predominance of vimentin filaments and a specific alpha-type actin. AB - Smooth muscle cells of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts contain desmin as their major, if not exclusive, intermediate-size filament constituent and also show a predominance of gamma-type smooth muscle actin. We have now examined smooth muscle tissue of different blood vessels (e.g., aorta, small arteries, arterioles, venules, and vena cava) from various mammals (man, cow, pig, rabbit, rat) by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins and by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to different intermediate-sized filament proteins. Intermediate-sized filaments of vascular smooth muscle cells contain abundant amounts of vimentin and little, if any, desmin. On gel electrophoresis, vascular smooth muscle vimentin appears as two isoelectric variants of apparent pI values of 5.30 and 5.29, shows the characteristic series of proteolytic fragments, and is one of the major cell proteins. Thus vimentin has been demonstrated in a smooth muscle cell present in the body. Vascular smooth muscle cells are also distinguished by the predominance of a smooth muscle-specific alpha-type actin, whereas gamma-type smooth muscle actin is present only as a minor component. It is proposed that the intermediate filament and actin composition of vascular smooth muscle cells reflects a differentiation pathway separate from that of other smooth muscle cells and may be related to special functions and pathological disorders of blood vessels. PMID- 7017717 TI - Gene conversion at the var1 locus on yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - Alleles of the var1 locus on yeast mtDNA determine the apparent size of the mitochondrial translation product, var1 polypeptide. We have analyzed most of the different var1 alleles in our collection, which number at least 15, and have developed procedures and a genetic rationale for determining their origin and predicting their behavior in crosses. The var1 alleles are characterized by two genetically defined segments, designated a and b, which can move from one var1 allele to another by asymmetric gene conversion. We show that the a segment behaves as an entity in recombination; it is either present in or absent from different var1 alleles. The b segment usually, but not always, recombines as an entity; in some cases, only portions of the b segment recombine by gene conversion. Thus, the total number of electrophoretically resolvable var1 species we observe is explained by the assortment of a, b, and partial b segments. Each segment recombines at a characteristic frequency; however, one example is presented which shows that the recipient can modulate the frequency of gene conversion. Finally, we show that, like the 21S rDNA region (omega), there is polarity of gene conversion within var1. PMID- 7017716 TI - Mutant defective in processing of an enzyme located in the lysosome-like vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Carboxypeptidase Y, a vacuolar enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is synthesized as a larger precursor whose apparent molecular mass is approximately 67,000 daltons. We have characterized a recessive mutation, pep4-3, that prevents maturation of this precursor. The accumulated precursor does not possess enzymatic activity. We have shown that the precursor accumulating in the pep4-3 mutant is not produced in a doubly mutant strain that also bears a mutation in the carboxypeptidase Y structural gene that eliminates production of carboxypeptidase Y. We have also shown that a nonsense fragment of carboxypeptidase Y is processed. Although there is evidence that proteinase B can catalyze the conversion of the precursor to a mature form in vitro, nonsense mutations in the structural gene for proteinase B, PRB1, do not affect the levels of carboxypeptidase Y activity, and strains bearing these mutations produce a carboxypeptidase Y of apparently normal size. Hence, proteinase B is not essential for the maturation of carboxypeptidase Y precursor in vivo. The pep4-3 mutation affects at least five vacuolar enzymes. This suggests that there is a processing event common to all of these enzymes. PMID- 7017718 TI - Sequence homologies between A subunits of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. AB - The genes coding for the heat-labile enterotoxin LT produced by Escherichia coli have been cloned into the plasmid pBR313. Using DNA derived from the resulting chimeric plasmid, we determined the nucleotide sequence of two regions of the gene coding for the enzymatically active A subunit of LT. Translation of the nucleotide sequence gives the primary structure of the NH2-terminal and COOH terminal regions of the LT A subunit. This permits direct comparison of the LT A subunit with the A subunit of cholera toxin. Our results show that the two toxins possess homologous sequences, of varying degrees, in both regions of their primary structure. The order of the component A1 and A2 polypeptides is A1-A2. The nucleotide sequence predicts the existence of a signal sequence of 18 amino acids at the NH2-terminus of the A subunit. PMID- 7017719 TI - Fc (IgG) receptor distributions in homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations by flow microfluorometry. AB - A flow microfluorometric method has been developed for quantitating the numbers of Fc receptors on individual cells. The cells were equilibrated at 0 degrees C with radiolabeled, affinity-crosslinked rabbit IgG dimers, washed, and treated with fluorescent antibodies against rabbit IgG. The stained cells were analyzed for fluorescence emission by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and for bound dimer molecules by using a gamma counter. Standard curves relating fluorescence emission to numbers of dimer molecules bound to cells were used to determine Fc receptor distributions on P388D1 cells, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and normal mouse spleen cells. Essentially all of the P388D1 cells bore Fc receptors, distributed in a skewed Gaussian profile having a peak at 2 X 10(5) receptors per cell. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes and mouse spleen cells contained positive and negative subpopulations. The percentage of positive cells in human lymphocytes from different donors ranged from 50 to 25; the receptor distributions of these cells were symmetrical and similar in all donors in shape and average receptor density (4.2 X 10(4) receptors per cell). Mouse spleen cells contained 55% positive cells with nonsymmetrical heterogeneous distributions of receptor densities. These cells peaked at 1 to 2 X 10(4) receptors per cell, but significant numbers of cells had receptor densities 10- to 20-fold greater. PMID- 7017720 TI - Selective removal of apolipoprotein B-containing serum lipoproteins from blood plasma. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the applicability and effectiveness of immunoadsorption chromatography on anti-low density lipoprotein (LDL) columns as a plasma-cholesterol-lowering procedure. Mass production and isolation of monospecific antibodies against swine LDL (rho = 1.006-1.063 g/ml) was carried out by immunization of sheep with swine LDL and selective antibody adsorption from their antisera by chromatography on LDL-Sepharose. The isolated LDL antibodies were then covalently linked to Sepharose CL-4B. Pig plasma LDL was effectively removed in vitro by the anti-LDL-Sepharose beads. In vivo studies were performed in pigs with (i) a plasma-separator membrane permeable to solutes below Mr 2,000,000 or (ii) a blood centrifuge interposed into an arteriovenous shunt to separate the corpuscular elements of blood from the plasma. In either case, the plasma was passed through the anti-LDL-Sepharose column and recirculated into the venous part of the shunt. Plasma cholesterol levels were reduced 70-80% by this procedure and rebounded 3-4 days after the extracorporeal immunoadsorption procedure. This continuous plasma separation-immunoadsorption procedure may have broad applicability for the elimination of any plasma component with antigenic properties. PMID- 7017723 TI - Molecular rulers for measuring RNA structure: sites of crosslinking in chlorambucilyl-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (yeast) and chlorambucilyl-pentadecaprolyl phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (yeast) intramolecularly crosslinked in aqueous solution. AB - Intramolecular crosslinking of yeast phenylalanine tRNA in aqueous solution with rigid, variable-length crosslinking reagents, which we call "molecular rulers," has given results in reasonable agreement with the crystal structure. Chlorambucilyl-[3H]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe crosslinked intramolecularly at G-71 and A-73, whereas chlorambucilyl-pentadecaprolyl-[3H]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe crosslinked at G-20 and Y-37. The pentadecaprolyl reagent was predicted to be 62 A long, including chlorambucil and phenylalanine; the sites that it reached are 60 A distant from the 3' OH (in the case of G-20) or 80 A distant (in the case of Y 37) in the crystal structure of tRNAPhe. The close agreement between the length of the reagent and the distance of G-20 from the 3' OH in the crystal structure illustrates the rigidity of the tRNAPhe molecule in the dihydrouridine loop region at the corner of the molecule. The apparent ability of the 62-A-long reagent to crosslink to a site, Y-37, that is 80 A distant from the 3' OH in the crystal structure appears to illustrate the flexibility of both the 3' A-C-C-A terminus and the anticodon stem and loop, with respect to the tRNA molecule. These observations demonstrate the utility of oligoproline-based crosslinking reagents as rigid, variable-length molecular rulers for biological macromolecules in solution. PMID- 7017721 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in mammalian brain. AB - The distribution of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in rat brain has been studied by an immunological approach involving radioimmunoassay and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Data obtained by radioimmunoassay indicate that cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase is 20- to 40-fold more concentrated in cerebellum than in other brain regions. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrate that the high concentration of immunoreactivity of the protein kinase in cerebellum is attributable to Purkinje cells. Immunoreactivity in these cells is homogeneously distributed throughout the cell (perikarya, dendrites, and axons) with the exception of the nucleus. No other neurons either in the cerebellum or in other brain regions were stained by antiserum to the protein kinase. Immunoreactivity, however, was found throughout the brain on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. PMID- 7017722 TI - Selection for animal cells that express the Escherichia coli gene coding for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. AB - Cultured monkey (TC7) and mouse (3T6) cells synthesize an Excherichia coli enzyme, xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT; 5-phospho-alpha-D ribose-1-diphosphate:xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.22), after transfection with DNA vectors carrying the corresponding bacterial gene, Ecogpt. In contrast to mammalian cells, which do not efficiently use xanthine for purine nucleotide synthesis, cells that produce E. coli XGPRT can synthesize GMP from xanthine via XMP. After transfection with vector-Ecogpt DNAs, surviving cells producing XGPRT can be selectively grown with xanthine as the sole precursor for guanine nucleotide formation in a medium containing inhibitors (aminopterin and mycophenolic acid) that block de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. Cells transformed for Ecogpt arise with a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-5); they appear to be genetically stable in as much as there is no discernible decrease in XGPRT formation or loss on their ability to grow in selective medium after propagation in nonselective medium. Although several of the vector-gpt DNAs can replicate in monkey and mouse cells, none of the transformants contain autonomously replicating vector-gpt DNA. Rather, the gpt transformants contain one to five copies of the transfecting DNA associated with, and most probably integrated into, cellular DNA sequences. In several transformants, vector-coded gene products for which there was no selection are also synthesized. This suggests that recombinant DNAs containing Ecogpt as a selective marker can be useful for cotransformation of nonselectable genes. PMID- 7017724 TI - 31P NMR studies of intracellular pH and phosphate metabolism during cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have analyzed changes in intracellular pH and phosphate metabolism during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCYC 239) by using high-resolution 31P NMR spectroscopy. High-density yeast cultures (2 x 10(8) cells per ml) were arrested prior to "start" by sequential glucose deprivation, after which they synchronously replicated DNA and divided after a final glucose feeding. Oxygenation of arrested cultures in the absence of glucose led to increased levels of sugar phosphates and ATP and an increase in intracellular pH. However, these conditions did not initiate cell cycle progression, indicating that energization is not used as an intracellular signal for initiation of the cell division cycle and that the cells need exogenous carbon sources for growth. Glucose refeeding initiated an alkaline intracellular pH transient only in the synchronous cultures, showing that increased intracellular pH accompanies the traversal of start. Changes in phosphate flow and utilization also were observed in the synchronous cultures. In particular, there was increased consumption of external phosphate during DNA synthesis. When external phosphate levels were low, the cells consumed their internal polyphosphate stores. This shows that, under these conditions, polyphosphate acts as a phosphate supply. PMID- 7017725 TI - Capacity for alternating sites cooperativity in catalysis by succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase. AB - Succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase [succinate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.2.1.5] of Escherichia coli in an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer. A histidyl residue in the alpha subunit is phosphorylated as a catalytic intermediate. It has been suggested [Bild, G. S., Janson, C. & Boyer, P. D. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8109 -8115] that the mechanism of action of this enzyme involves intersubunit cooperativity in which attachment of substrates at one of the two active sites promotes catalytic events at the other. This scheme would require that the two active sites, although otherwise equivalent, should act alternately. We have prepared a hybrid enzyme species that contains one 35S-labeled alpha subunit (dephosphorylated), one nonradioactive alpha subunit (phosphorylated), and two beta subunits per tetrameric molecule. With the aid of a selective chromatographic procedure for the isolation of peptides that contain phosphohistidyl residues, we have shown that each of the alpha subunits undergoes phosphorylation when the hybrid enzyme is exposed briefly to substrates. This result demonstrates that the two active sites are capable of alternate activity and lends support to the concept of alternating sites cooperativity. The half-of the-sites phosphorylation that occurs with this enzyme is not a consequence of permanent asymmetry or other lack of equivalence of the two alpha subunits. PMID- 7017726 TI - Enzymatic reduction of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide. AB - An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues in ribosomal protein L12 has been partially purified from Escherichia coli extracts. Methionine sulfoxide present in oxidize [Met]enkephalin is also reduced by the purified enzyme. The enzyme is different from a previously reported E. coli enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine [Ejiri, S. I., Weissbach, H. & Brot, N. (1980) Anal. Biochem. 102, 393--398]. Extracts of rat tissues, Euglena gracilis, Tetrahymena pyriformis, HeLa cells, and spinach also can catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues in protein. PMID- 7017727 TI - Procedure for production of hybrid genes and proteins and its use in assessing significance of amino acid differences in homologous tryptophan synthetase alpha polypeptides. AB - Hybrid tryptophan synthetase alpha and beta polypeptides were produced by genetic recombination between the trpB--trpA regions of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium contained on compatible, multicopy plasmids. Intragenic recombination was decreased but still evident in recA cells. Genetic exchange occurred at many sites within trpA, but every recombinant gene produced a functional alpha polypeptide despite many amino acid differences from one or the other of the parental polypeptides. The five hybrid tryptophan synthetase alpha subunits examined resembled the parental polypeptides in catalytic function but differed in thermostability. The stability differences suggest that, as amino acid changes occurred in these proteins during the course of evolution, subsequent changes were limited to those that would allow retention of a desired protein conformation. PMID- 7017728 TI - Carbohydrate chains on yeast carboxypeptidase Y are phosphorylated. AB - Carboxypeptidase Y, a vacuolar enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was digested with endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase H to release the four oligosaccharide chains that are linked to asparagine in the glycoprotein. The oligosaccharides were fractionated into a neutral and acidic component, and the latter proved to phosphorylated. From its gel filtration pattern, the neutral fraction was shown to be a mixture of at least four homologs, the smallest of which had a proton NMR spectrum almost identical to that given by an IgM oligosaccharide with eight mannoses and one N-acetylglucosamine [Cohen, R. E. & Ballou, C. E. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4345--4358]. The yeast oligosaccharide has one additional mannose unit in an alpha 1 leads to 3 or alpha 1 leads to 6 linkage, whereas the larger homologs appear to have two, three, and four more mannose units. One phosphorylated oligosaccharides with a mannose/phosphate ratio of 12.5 was reduced with NaB3H4 and then subjected to mild acid hydrolysis. This released mannose and mannobiose that were glycosidically linked to the phosphate group, whereas complete acid hydrolysis yielded D-mannose 6-phosphate. The recovered oligosaccharide phosphomonoester, which contained 11 or 12 mannose units, was digested exhaustively with alpha-mannosidase, and the product of this reaction was treated with alkaline phosphatase, which yielded radioactive Man3GlcNAcH2. These results suggest that the mannosidase-resistant phosphorylated oligosaccharide has the structure Man leads to P leads to 6 alpha Man leads to alpha Man leads to 6 beta Man leads to 4GlcNAcH2, in which some of the phosphate groups are substituted with mannobiose instead of mannose. A second phosphorylated oligosaccharide with a mannose/phosphate ratio of 6.5 probably contains two phosphodiester groups, but its structure has not been investigated in detail. PMID- 7017729 TI - Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. AB - Perfusion of the myocardium with protein C in the presence of thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) elicits a potent anticoagulant activity, which is identified as activated protein C on the basis of synthetic substrate hydrolysis and anticoagulant properties. The rate of activated protein C formation during the transit through the myocardium is at least 20,000 times that of thrombin catalyzed activation of protein C in the perfusion solution. The capacity of the heart to activate protein C is maintained for at least 1 hr when thrombin is present in the perfusate, but decays (half-life approximately 30 min) once thrombin is omitted. Addition of diisopropyl-phospho-thrombin increases this decay rate more than 10-fold. Coperfusing diisopropylphospho-thrombin with active thrombin lowers the amount of protein C activation in the myocardium. Cultured monolayers of human endothelium enhance the rate of thrombin-catalyzed protein C activation. As with myocardium, the activation rate is inhibited by including diisopropylphospho-thrombin in the medium. It is proposed that the surface of vascular endothelium provides a cofactor that enhances the rate of protein C activation by thrombin. PMID- 7017730 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against myofibrillar components of rat skeletal muscle decorate the intermediate filaments of cultured cells. AB - Monospecific antibodies were produced in vitro by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with rat skeletal myofibrils. After cloning 3 times on agarose, two stable clones were obtained and chosen for further characterization. The first clone, JLB1, produced an antibody that recognizing an antigen distributed in the M-line region and on either site of the Z line of myofibrils. The second clone, JLB7, produced an antibody reacting only with an antigen located at the M-line region of myofibrils. Both JLB1 and JLB7 antibodies decorate the typical intermediate filaments of a variety of cultured cells. Colcemid treatment of cells before reaction with both antibodies resulted in the coiling or capping (or both) of the fibers around the nucleus. Brief treatment of cells with cytochalasin B did not affect the integrity of the fibers stained by both antibodies whereas, under the same conditions, microfilament bundles visualized by another monoclonal antibody (JLA20) against actin were disassembled into many aggregates in the cytoplasm. Identical staining patterns of the intermediate filaments are obtained by double-label immunofluorescence microscopy of the same cell stained with these monoclonal antibodies and rabbit autoimmune serum (which has been shown to react with the components of the intermediate filaments). By using immunoprecipitation, protein bands at 210,000 and 95,000 daltons from chicken embryo fibroblasts were identified as the potential antigens recognized by JLB1 and JLB7 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. The widespread occurrence of these antigenic determinants in different cultured cells suggests the highly conservative property of these intermediate-filament components. PMID- 7017731 TI - Released protease-nexin regulates cellular binding, internalization, and degradation of serine proteases. AB - Protease-nexin (PN), a component released by normal human fibroblasts into culture medium, forms covalent linkages with thrombin (Th) and the urinary plasminogen activator urokinase, apparently with their catalytic site serines. The present studies explored the function of PN by examining the interaction of protease-PN complexes with human fibroblasts and the consequences of this interaction. Th-PN and urokinase-PN complexes bind to cells via the PN portion of the complexes. The binding is selectively inhibited by heparin. Because PN has a heparin-binding site, this indicates that protease-PN complexes might bind to a cellular heparin-like site. After binding, the complexes are internalized. By inhibiting endocytosis with phenylarsine oxide, which does not affect cellular binding of Th-PN complexes, we showed that complexes must be internalized before they are degraded. Kinetic analysis of internalization and degradation of Th-PN showed that complexes are internalized more rapidly than they dissociate from the cell surface; by 120 min of incubation at 37 degrees C most cell-bound Th-PN complexes are degraded to amino acids. The results are summarized in a model showing how PN mediates the cellular binding, internalization, and degradation of serine proteases through formation of protease-PN complexes. This series of events may be involved in the regulation of serine protease activity at the cell surface and in the extracellular environment. PMID- 7017732 TI - Mutator phenotypes in mammalian cell mutants with distinct biochemical defects and abnormal deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. AB - Recent studies of in vitro DNA synthesis have shown that fidelity of replication is influenced by the relative concentrations of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Several investigators have used reconstituted prokaryotic replication systems to copy defined natural templates and have shown that specific incorporation errors can be induced by an appropriate bias of the precursor pools. The recent demonstration of mutator phenotypes among mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with altered intracellular dNTP pools has allowed extension of the in vitro observations to eukaryotic replication and repair mechanisms. We describe here three mutant murine T-lymphosarcoma cell lines with altered dNTP pools and increased rates of spontaneous mutation to dexamethasone resistance and 6-thioguanine resistance. Unlike previously described mammalian cells with mutator phenotypes, these three lines have demonstrable defects in known structural gene products. Two of these cell lines are heterozygous for mutations affecting the M1 subunit of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase; the other mutant is deficient in deoxycytidylate deaminase. In each cell line these mutations result in deranged endogenous dNTP pools and increased rates of spontaneous mutation, which are shown to be characteristic of the cell line and independent of the two genetic markers examined. Furthermore, normalization of the dNTP pools of the deaminase-deficient cells suppresses its mutator phenotype. Thus, abnormal dNTP pools seem to cause enhanced mutagenesis in mammalian cells. PMID- 7017733 TI - Coupling of protein antigens to erythrocytes through disulfide bond formation: preparation of stable and sensitive target cells for immune hemolysis. AB - An efficient technique has been developed for coupling protein antigens to erythrocyte membranes. The procedure involves three steps. First, 3-(2 pyridyldithio)propionyl residues are introduced into the protein by reaction with a heterobifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(pyridyldithio) propionate. Second, the addition of disulfide groups to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) is achieved by coupling dithiodiglycolic acid to SRBC with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The disulfide bonds of the dithiodiglycolyl-SRBC conjugate are then reduced with dithiothreitol. Finally, the 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl-protein conjugate is covalently coupled to the thiolated SRBC through thiol/disulfide exchange to form the disulfide-linked antigen-SRBC conjugate. The procedure requires only 10-500 microgram of protein antigen for the preparation of 50 microliter of packed protein-coupled SRBC. Antibodies binding to antigen on the erythrocyte initiate a complement-dependent immune lysis of the target cells. Target cells prepared by this method are stable for at least 4 wk at 4 degrees C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and are capable of detecting as little as 40 pg of antibody in a hemolytic assay without noticeable nonspecific lysis. PMID- 7017734 TI - Stimulation of glucose incorporation and amino acid transport by insulin and an insulin-like growth factor in fibroblasts with defective insulin receptors cultured from a patient with leprechaunism. AB - Fibroblasts cultured from an infant with leprechaunism and insulin resistance have been reported to exhibit profound, selective defect in insulin binding. We now examine the effect of this defect on two acute metabolic actions of insulin thought to be mediated by the insulin receptor, glucose incorporation and N methyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Me-AiBu) uptake. In the patient's fibroblasts, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation was less than 25% of that in control fibroblasts, whereas stimulation by hydrogen peroxide, an insulinomimetic agent that acts distal to the insulin receptor, was normal. By contrast, insulin stimulated Me-AiBu uptake to the same extent in patient's and control fibroblasts. Impaired glucose incorporation and relatively normal Me-AiBu uptake also were observed in the patient's cells with multiplication-stimulating activity, an insulin-like growth factor, despite the fact that multiplication stimulating activity appeared to stimulate both responses in normal fibroblasts via an insulin-like growth factor receptor. The divergent effects on two hormone stimulated functions in the patient's cells suggests differences in the coupling of a receptor to different effectors. The same coupling mechanisms appear to be used by insulin receptors and receptors for insulin-like growth factors. PMID- 7017736 TI - The level of vitamin C reserves required in man: towards a solution to the controversy. PMID- 7017735 TI - Abnormal regulation of monocyte insulin-binding affinity after glucose ingestion in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Insulin insensitivity of uncertain etiology often exists in myotonic muscular dystrophy, a multitissue, autosomal dominant disorder hypothesized to be a hereditary membrane disease. The present studies show that monocytes from patients with myotonic dystrophy fail to demonstrate the normally observed qualitative increase in insulin-binding affinity after oral glucose loading. Monocytes from 10 normal volunteers developed a significantly increased insulin binding affinity by 2 hr after glucose ingestion (mean +/- SEM, 11.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml compared to basal 50% insulin displacement value of 23.3 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, P less than 0.005). This increase was maintained at 5 hr (13.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). In contrast, no significant increase in monocyte insulin-binding affinity occurred in cells from nine myotonic dystrophy patients at 2 and 5 hr after glucose loading (50% insulin displacement values: basal, 14.2 +/- 2.8 ng/ml; 2 hr, 16.7 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; 5 hr, 10.8 +/- 2.1 ng/ml). These alterations document the presence of abnormalities in the insulin receptor or receptor associated processes that modulate insulin binding. A hereditary plasma membrane defect may underlie these findings. This abnormality may have an etiologic role in the decreased insulin sensitivity that frequently afflicts patients with myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7017738 TI - The assessment of vitamin A status. PMID- 7017737 TI - Red cell enzyme tests of vitamin status: do marginal deficiencies have any physiological significance? PMID- 7017739 TI - Assessment of vitamin E status in animals and man. PMID- 7017741 TI - Atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. PMID- 7017740 TI - Sixth Boyd Orr Memorial Lecture. Crisis for nutrition. PMID- 7017742 TI - Diet and the development of clinical diabetes in man. PMID- 7017743 TI - Effect of environmental factors including nutrition on genetically determined diabetes of Chinese hamsters. PMID- 7017744 TI - Dietary management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7017745 TI - Lymphocyte locomotion and migration. PMID- 7017746 TI - Differentiation of B lymphocytes in lineage development and in the immune response. Considerations derived from differentiation events induced in vitro. PMID- 7017747 TI - The curse of Prometheus is laid upon the immune system. PMID- 7017748 TI - Preface: A century of mammalian genetics and cancer, 1929-2029, a view at midpassage. PMID- 7017749 TI - Foundation for the future: formal genetics of the mouse. PMID- 7017750 TI - Hemolytic anemias due to abnormalities in red cell spectrin: a brief review. PMID- 7017751 TI - Garrod's legacy to the nations of mice and men. PMID- 7017752 TI - Mouse histocompatibility genetics and tumor immunology. PMID- 7017753 TI - The future of immunogenetics. PMID- 7017754 TI - Peroxisome-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase in normal rat liver. AB - We have combined subcellular fractionation and cytochemical staining techniques to study the distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver. In addition to confirming the mitochondrial and microsomal localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase, this combined approach has allowed us to demonstrate that peroxisome-like organelles possess significant aldehyde dehydrogenase. When peroxisomal fractions are cytochemically stained for aldehyde dehydrogenase, activity is observed along membranes of structures resembling peroxisomal ghosts. These bodies lack a matrix but many appear to enclose peroxisomal cores. Moderate to dense reaction product is also located in single membrane-limited structures present in fractions containing morphologically recognizable peroxisomes. On occasion, the osmiophilic precipitate is also present in the matrix of intact peroxisomes. The aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in these peroxisome-like organelles prefers aliphatic aldehydes, including acetaldehyde in both millimolar and micromolar concentrations, and NAD. Aromatic aldehydes and NADP are also metabolized, but to a lesser extent. These results indicate that peroxisome-like organelles contain an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity possessing properties compatible with a role in ethanol metabolism. PMID- 7017755 TI - Alcohol and sexual function. AB - The pathophysiologic factors which either document or which have been shown to be responsible for not only the hypogonadism and feminization of chronic alcoholic men but also the loss of gonadal function with resultant defeminization of chronic alcoholic women are reviewed. Evidence is presented which suggests that alcohol abuse is associated with the production of a primary form of hypogonadism characterized by loss of endocrine and reproductive function of the gonads. Moreover, evidence is presented which suggests that alcohol abuse is associated with the production of an associated hypothalamic-pituitary defect in gonadotropin secretion which prevents appropriate enhancement of gonadotropin secretion in response to the primary gonadal injury. Finally, the factors which have been found to partially explain the feminization often seen in chronic alcoholic men with advanced liver disease are discussed individually and a composite mechanism incorporating each is presented. PMID- 7017756 TI - Hormonal changes during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. AB - The endocrine effects of alcohol are briefly reviewed. Alcohol enhances glucose induced insulin secretion and may thus cause reactive hypoglycemia. However, inappropriate insulin secretion is not the reason for alcohol-induced hypoglycemia in fasted subjects. The direct effects of alcohol in thyroid function in humans are small, although alcoholics often have low concentrations of thyroid hormones in their plasma because of liver damage. Alcohol increases cortisol secretion from adrenal cortex either by increasing ACTH secretion or, more probably, by directly stimulating the adrenals. Alcohol also increases aldosterone secretion. The production of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal medulla is increased during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. Plasma testosterone concentration is decreased during hangover and during alcohol withdrawal. The decrease is due to direct effects of alcohol on the testes, because plasma LH concentration is increased simultaneously. Alcohol has no significant effect on the LRH-induced secretion of LH. Plasma growth hormone concentration is decreased during alcohol intoxication and increased during hangover. TRH-induced secretion of prolactin is increased during alcohol intoxication and inhibited during hangover and withdrawal. The last finding suggests that there is dopaminergic overactivity in hypothalamus during alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 7017757 TI - Lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in membranes. AB - Over the past decade spectroscopic methods (fluorescence, ESR, and NMR) have been used to provide new information about the molecular dynamics of lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in membranes. The various methods of characterizing isotropic and anisotropic motion are described. Lipid bilayers are highly dynamic, with rapid acyl chain motion and rapid lateral diffusion in the plane of the membrane. In membranes where proteins penetrate through the bilayer, a large hydrophobic surface area exists in contact with the bilayer lipids. Lipids at the protein interface are in dynamic equilibrium with the remaining pools of bilayer. The protein has been shown spectroscopically to have some influence on the dynamics of the nearest neighbor lipids, leaving the rest of the bilayer relatively unperturbed. Evidence is summarized that, in some cases, the lipid composition in the interfacial region is influenced by the protein. PMID- 7017758 TI - Alcohol, liver injury and protein metabolism. PMID- 7017759 TI - Alcohol tolerance in Escherichia coli. AB - During growth with ethanol, the proportion of 18:1 fatty acid in the lipids of E. coli increases at the expense of saturated fatty acids. The significance of these changes was investigated in terms of growth and survival in the presence of ethanol. Two approaches were used: (1) A comparison of alcohol tolerance among strains of E. coli with different fatty acid compositions; (2) A comparison of alcohol tolerance using a lipid mutant in which the fatty acid composition was controlled by exogenous supplements. An increase in unsaturated fatty acid content was beneficial for both growth and survival. We conclude that the alcohol induced changes in the fatty acid composition of E. coli are part of an adaptive response, compensating for some of the harmful effects of this drug. PMID- 7017760 TI - Alcohol-related electrophysiology. PMID- 7017761 TI - Alcohol withdrawal seizures: implications of kindling. AB - The periodic administration of convulsive agents, even at doses or intensities that initially have no convulsive effect, can lead to a progressive and enduring increase in the susceptibility to subsequent convulsive stimulation. This kindling effect has contributed to the understanding of the convulsive effects of alcohol withdrawal in three ways. First, rats kindled by the periodic application of electroconvulsive shock, local brain stimulation, or pentylenetetrazol were found to be hypersusceptible to the convulsive effects of subsequent alcohol withdrawal, thus raising the possibility that some forms of electrical or pharmacological therapy can potentiate the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in humans. Second, the duration of seizures elicited in kindled rats has been used as a sensitive index of convulsive withdrawal effects; increases in the duration of kindled motor seizures and afterdischarges can be detected following the metabolism of a single intoxicating injection of ethanol. Third, it was suggested that the potentiation of the convulsive effects of alcohol exposure and withdrawal by prior episodes of alcohol withdrawal may reflect a kindling-like process rather than an increase in physical dependence. PMID- 7017762 TI - Involvement of neurohypophyseal peptides in drug-mediated adaptive responses. PMID- 7017763 TI - Interrelationships of alcohol consumption, actions of alcohol, and biochemical traits. AB - Voluntary alcohol consumption, acute tolerance, and central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity to ethanol are potentially informative measures concerning human alcoholism. Little is understood regarding the associations among these parameters or between these traits and neurochemical processes such as brain protein or brain enzyme activities. A powerful strategy is to assess a large number of characteristics simultaneously on all individuals as a heterogeneous sample. This permits rapid screening of a large number of variables with respect to their interrelationships. Identification can thus be made of those variables that are elements of the caudal nexus, and subsequent experimental research can attack the problem of identifying mechanisms. The present study employed mice from the HS/Ibg stock which is maintained by systematic random mating to assure genetic heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that voluntary ethanol consumption and acquisition of acute tolerance to ethanol were positively associated, whereas these measures were not significantly related to CNS sensitivity to ethanol. In addition, ethanol preference was inversely related to soluble brain protein. The activities of the soluble enzymes from brain, aldehyde reductase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, were not significantly associated with ethanol preference, acquisition of acute tolerance, or CNS sensitivity to ethanol. Unexpectedly, more than 30 percent of the variance in voluntary alcohol consumption could have been predicted from the measurements of acquisition of acute tolerance, and vice versa. PMID- 7017764 TI - Ethanol effects on dopaminergic function: modulation by the endogenous opioid system. AB - Different behavioral and biochemical data suggest that ethanol has different effects on central dopaminergic transmission in rat and mouse. We found that ethanol induces an increase of striatal dopamine turnover which does not persist after chronic drinking. Following chronic ethanol treatment, we observed the development of supersensitivity of the striatal dopamine (DA) recognition sites, in terms of an enhanced affinity. We investigated various experimental models to clarify the existence of an enkephalinergic modulation of ethanol effects on the dopaminergic system. We found that in the rat, a pretreatment with naloxone abolishes the striatal DA turnover increase observed after ethanol. DBA 2J mice, which differ from C57 BL/6J and Swiss Albino, by genetically lacking enkephalinergic modulation on dopaminergic activity in the striatum, do not show any change of DA metabolism after acute ethanol. In the rat retina, where we hypothesized a less operant regulation of dopaminergic activity by enkephalins, tolerance does not develop after chronic drinking to the increase in DA turnover as it did in striatum. Our results confirm the importance of the endogenous opioid system in the regulation of the ethanol induced neurochemical and behavioral effects. PMID- 7017765 TI - Cardiovascular effects of alcohol. AB - Epidemiologic studies suggest that moderate consumption of alcohol provides some degree of protection against ischemic heart disease. On the other hand, cerebrovascular accidents and overall mortality are increased at all levels of alcohol intake. Thus, it is inappropriate to advise abstainers to begin to drink alcoholic beverages as a protective measure for coronary artery disease. Acute ingestion of large amounts of alcohol leads to a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium, together with inhibition of a variety of biochemical reactions in subcellular organelles of the heart. Chronic alcoholism is associated with the development of a congestive cardiomyopathy (alcoholic cardiomyopathy), which is independent of vitamin B1 deficiency or other nutritional deficits. PMID- 7017766 TI - Control of dental caries: restoring oral homeostasis. PMID- 7017767 TI - More about young Stamford: a further contribution to the Holmesian corpus. PMID- 7017768 TI - A laser Doppler cytopherometer for measurement of electrophoretic mobility of bioparticles. AB - A wide-angle laser Doppler spectrometer has been combined with a number of high field-strength cytopherometer designs for the purpose of studying the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of biological particle and cells in non physiological and physiological media. This produces a typical Doppler shift of 100 Hz for an EPM of 1.0 micrometers s-1 V-1 cm, and a shift-to-width ratio of greater than 10 for human erythrocytes in physiological saline. The unit uses two equal-intensity beams of identical pathlength, crossing in the measuring volume at an angle of 40--90 degrees in air and can function in either a fringe or coherent mode. The resolution for human cells and bioparticles is comparable with conventional cytopherometry but the data collection rate is many times higher. PMID- 7017769 TI - Inhibition of DNA repair and production of single-strand breaks in Escherichia coli by reductone. PMID- 7017772 TI - [A nurse reminisces]. PMID- 7017771 TI - A simple pressure-regulated perfusion apparatus. PMID- 7017770 TI - Adaptation to weightlessness and its physiological mechanisms (results of animal experiments aboard biosatellites). PMID- 7017774 TI - [Botulism]. PMID- 7017773 TI - [The Polish nursing vocabulary]. PMID- 7017775 TI - [Works in the field of nursing, 1977. 2]. PMID- 7017776 TI - [Works in the field of nursing. 1977, part 3]. PMID- 7017777 TI - Efficiency of Escherichia coli repair processes on uv-damaged transforming plasmid DNA. PMID- 7017778 TI - Use of semipermeable polyurethane membrane for skin graft dressings. AB - The use of semipermeable polyurethane membrane (Op-site) for skin graft donor site dressings is now well-accepted. We have used Op-site for skin graft coverage in 25 patients with good results. The dressing modality is not only easy to do, even in anatomically difficult areas, but it also maintains a moist environment, allows daily graft observation, and provides a barrier for exogenous bacteria. PMID- 7017779 TI - The role of macrophages in wound repair: a review. PMID- 7017780 TI - Decreased prostacyclin sensitivity of human platelets after jogging and squash. AB - 8 healthy male volunteers performed jogging (as an example of an aerobic metabolic condition) and squash (as an example of an intermittently anaerobic metabolic condition). The platelets sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) decreased after jogging. After squash, a statistically significant (p 0,001) decrease in the sensitivity of the platelets could be seen. Our findings suggest that an early alteration of platelet sensitivity might play a key role in maintaining the hemostatic balance and could be of greater importance than the vascular wall PGI2 synthesis, as the sensitivity changes immediately, whereas the PGI2-formation change is a long-term process. PMID- 7017781 TI - Comparison between fluproquazone and indomethacin in treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. AB - Two prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, fluproquazone (100 mg) and indomethacin (25 mg), were compared in a double-blind, crossover study for treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea in 31 patients. Each drug was used during two consecutive menstruations in randomized order. Both treatments significantly relieved spasmodic pains and other dysmenorrhoeic symptoms. No significant differences were found between the treatments in regard to the overall efficacy assessed at the end of each treated cycle. However, 20 patients preferred indomethacin and 7 patients fluproquazone. Three patients reported mild side-effects with fluproquazone as compared to five patients wih indomethacin. It is concluded that both treatments can be used for treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 7017782 TI - Blood borne vasoconstrictors lowers ratio of prostaglandin I2 to other products formed form arachidonate. AB - The effects of a blood borne vasoconstrictor on prostaglandin synthesis by microsomal enzyme preparations from rat aorta, heart and stomach fundus were determined. The principle product formed from arachidonate by these preparations in the absence of added vasoactive factor was prostaglandin I2 (as measured by recovery of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha). Addition of vasoactive factor stimulated overall prostaglandin synthesis and also reduced the ratio of 6-keto prostaglandin synthesis F1 alpha to other products. No correlation was found between factor induced increases in overall synthesis and changes in this ratio. However, the factor produced a ratio which was specific for each tissue. The further the initial ratio of preparation was from its tissue specific level, the greater the effect of the factor. Blood free tissues continued considerable factor activity. Hence the variations in ratios in the absence of exogenous factor could be due to the presence of endogenous factor contaminating the preparations. Indomethacin not only inhibited overall prostaglandin synthesis but also decreased the ratio of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha to other products. Both these effects of indomethacin were counteracted by addition of exogenous factor. These results provide evidence that, in addition to their effects on the cyclooxygenase reaction, the factor and indomethacin interact a the second site; one involved in the change in ratio 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha to other products. PMID- 7017783 TI - Age-related increase in prostacyclin production in the rat aorta. AB - Normal Sprague-Dawley rats convert a substantial percentage of exogenous arachidonic acid to prostacyclin. This conversion can be quantitated by an aqueous sampling technique utilizing thin layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. There is a clear age-related increase in this conversion that can be demonstrated in aortas from rats of 3 weeks to 20 weeks of age. PMID- 7017785 TI - A system's response to humanitarian, economic, and technological demands: a historical perspective on mental hygiene service delivery in New York State. Views of a system. Part I. PMID- 7017787 TI - The use of animals for experimentation in the United States. PMID- 7017788 TI - An epigenetic model for the origin of cancer. AB - A unifying concept that appears to provide an understanding of cancer as a fundamental scientific problem is presented. This concept, which was initially developed on the basis of experiments using the relatively uncomplicated plant tumor systems, now appears applicable to animal and human tumors as well. Evidence is provided to show that the tumor problem is fundamentally a problem of anomalous cellular differentiation and that the heritable cellular change that underlies the tumorous state is similar to that which underlies cell specialization occurring during the normal course of development in all higher organisms. Both cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis depend for their expression on the persistent activation of select but, in part, different genes (whether normal, foreign, or both) present in the genome of a cell. Since heritable cellular changes of this kind may be induced by physical, chemical, and biological agents of the most diverse type, and since cells may remain totipotent during the time that they exhibit the tumor phenotype, the results reported here suggest that whether the normal or tumor phenotype is expressed is determined by how the genetic information present in a cell is regulated in the cell. Regulation leading to the establishment and maintenance of the tumorous state may be accomplished in different ways by the different types of oncogenic agents. Thus cancer and related neoplastic diseases appear to have a common underlying heritable cellular change in which the diverse manifestations of the tumorous state commonly observed would simply reflect different expressions of this heritable cellular change. PMID- 7017786 TI - Tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and the regulation of prolactin secretion. PMID- 7017784 TI - Genetics and schizophrenic behavior. PMID- 7017789 TI - The importance of acid etch. PMID- 7017790 TI - Gnathologic tooth preparation (VII). PMID- 7017791 TI - A rationale for success in fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 7017792 TI - Transport media for biopsy. PMID- 7017793 TI - Clinical and laboratory procedures for the construction and maintenance of the convertible periodontal prosthesis (II). PMID- 7017795 TI - Plasma renin in aorta, peripheral and renal veins in young patients with coarctation of the aorta. Comparative study with essential hypertensives. PMID- 7017794 TI - [Comparison of the radioimmunological and immunoenzymatic (ELISA) methods in the determination of digoxin]. PMID- 7017796 TI - [Serology of toxoplasmosis: review of tests currently in use for diagnosis and prevention]. AB - Toxoplasma infection stimulates a very rich answer in circulating antibodies, which are easily detected by many serological tests. Many years elapsed since 1948, when Sabin and Feldmann [28] carried out for the first time a dye test which is, still at present, the chief reference test for the numerous techniques which have been subsequently available. The aim of the present review, which is largely based on personal experiences, is to draw some conclusions on the meaning and usefulness of these tests, and on the best way to express their results. Though a special attention has been allowed to techniques using a whole cellular antigen (dye test, immunofluorescence, direct agglutination test) some useful hints are also given on CF, IHA and ELISA, which employ an extractive antigen. A special stress is layed on the usefulness, or, rather, the need to express results, whenever possible, in IU (International Units), in order to attribute a standard comparable meaning to the tests. PMID- 7017798 TI - Diagnosis of cervical tuberculosis by cytology. Report of two cases. PMID- 7017797 TI - [Description of a simple method for the bacteriological examination of urine. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7017799 TI - [Bacteriuria screening: comparison of the results obtained with dip-slide and other methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017801 TI - The Second Lord Cohen Lecture. Prevention of birth abnormalities, including rhesus disease. PMID- 7017800 TI - The effect of gamma-irradiated DNA on the activity of DNA polymerase. PMID- 7017802 TI - [Effect of electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter wave-length range of biological systems]. PMID- 7017803 TI - [Enzymes of protein catabolism in enriched neuronal and glial fractions after the x-ray irradiation of animals]. PMID- 7017805 TI - [Cyclic nucleotides and radioresistance. 5. The radioresistance of E. coli cultivated on different culture media and cyclic nucleotides]. PMID- 7017804 TI - [Potential of hematpoietic recovery in the intestinal form of acute irradiation sickness]. PMID- 7017806 TI - [New test to evaluate the intensity of bacterial dissemination in irradiated mice]. PMID- 7017807 TI - [Characteristics of the active particles inducing insulin deactivation in gamma irradiated aqueous solutions]. PMID- 7017808 TI - [On the present state of use of radiosensitizers in radiation therapy from the radiobiological point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017809 TI - [Determination of the probability of lymphogenous metastases. 2. Comparative and summarizing study of data presented in the literature]. PMID- 7017810 TI - [The wet lung of new-borns: its importance and differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017811 TI - [The radiologist's professional radiation risk in the view of international epidemiological studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017812 TI - Dual energy film subtraction technique for detecting calcification in solitary pulmonary nodules. AB - A simple film subtraction technique has been devised that isolates calcium image contrast and mutes tissue image contrast. Two exposures are required. The first is made on XL film using a 65 kVp beam filtered with 2 mm aluminum. The second is made on OG (high contrast) film using a 130 kVp beam filtered with 2 mm copper and 2 mm aluminum. The effective energies of these two beams are approximately 45 keV and 83 keV, respectively. A subtraction image is made, using the low energy image for the mask. With this technique it is possible to detect concentrations of 125 mg/cm3 of diffuse calcification in a chest nodule 1 cm in diameter. If the presence of diffuse calcification is found to be an indicator of benignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules, this technique may have diagnostic value for the detection of such calcification. Computerized tomographic findings are discussed and related to this technique. PMID- 7017813 TI - [Immunofluorescence studies on the earliest psoriatic changes - spontaneous pre pinpoint papules]. PMID- 7017814 TI - [Cicatricial pemphigoid (Brunsting-Perry)]. PMID- 7017816 TI - [Current classification and diagnosis of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7017815 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7017817 TI - [Abnormal function of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a reflection of systemic immunologic disorders in the etiology of psoriasis]. PMID- 7017818 TI - [Sources of therapeutic and beautifying cosmetics in ancient Egypt]. PMID- 7017819 TI - [Effectiveness of psoriazin ointment, compared with other methods, in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7017820 TI - [Immunological reactivity in simple psoriasis. IV. Metabolic activity of the neutrophils in the spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test]. PMID- 7017821 TI - [Psoriazin ointment in the treatment of psoriasis of the scalp (preliminary results]. PMID- 7017822 TI - [A world free from smallpox]. PMID- 7017823 TI - [Bacillary dysentery and giardiasis foci in a closed children's community]. PMID- 7017824 TI - [Collective food poisoning caused by Salmonella enteritidis in the Katowice province]. PMID- 7017825 TI - [N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the blood cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017826 TI - [The clinical evaluation of teronac (Mazindol) in the treatment of children with obesity. Part I. Effect of the drug on somatic patterns and exercise capacity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017828 TI - Equi-Sthetics in use in the laboratory. PMID- 7017827 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Teronac (mazindol) in the treatment of obesity in children. Part II. Anorectic properties and side effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017829 TI - A combination: Baker snap-on and Ceka attachment. PMID- 7017830 TI - Esthetics and function in multiple unit bridges. PMID- 7017831 TI - Opaquing of ceramic substructures. PMID- 7017832 TI - The Equi-Spansion technique for casting without metal rings. PMID- 7017833 TI - The reproducibility of posterior tooth guidance in the Gnathomat. PMID- 7017834 TI - Precision attachments in partial dentures: gentler on abutments - more esthetic than clasps. PMID- 7017835 TI - Procedure for laboratory adaptation of Mastique laminate veneers. PMID- 7017836 TI - [Radiation and cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017837 TI - [Fundamental Studies of IMMO PHASE kit for serum insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017838 TI - [Appraisal of the cutting efficiency of rotary instruments of tungsten carbide at high speed]. PMID- 7017839 TI - [Orthodontic-prosthetic interrelations in the rehabilitation of cleft palate patients. Clinical case]. PMID- 7017840 TI - [Health control for international visitors in Cuba]. AB - A practical method for sanitary control of travellers with a risk of introducing communicable diseases which are nonexistent or unusual in Cuba is presented. A classification and the procedure to follow according to the county of origin are included. PMID- 7017841 TI - [Use of levamisole in W. bancrofti filariasis]. AB - 16 african patients with diagnosed W. bancroft's filariasis admitted to Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute were subjected to a therapeutic management with levamisole: 300 mg as starting dosage, and 150 mg/day for seven days. 11 patients had been previously treated with several courses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), but a low microfilaremia persisted in them. In the other 5 patients the only medication used was levamisole. A rapid fall in microfilaria concentrations was found from the first day of treatment on in all patients. Eventually, 14 patients (87,5%) were negative and two patients (12,5%) persisted having low microfilaremia and their concentrations lowered by 89 ad 93% respectively. PMID- 7017842 TI - [Dengue. II. Laboratory diagnosis. Immunity. Epidemiology]. AB - A bibliographical review is undertaken on dengue virus covering the period between 1952 and 1978 and including laboratory diagnosis aspects (viral isolation, serology, etc.), development of immunity and epidemiology. PMID- 7017843 TI - [In vitro study of the interaction of rubeola virus with the peritoneal macrophages of unimmunized and immunized rats]. AB - In vitro peritoneal macrophage cultures of rats with no immunization against rubella virus and inoculated with these viral agents are prone to permit its intracellular proliferation and suffer a cytopathogenic effect and lysis. Peritoneal macrophages of immune rats do not permit intracellular proliferation and prevent harmful viral action. In the in vivo studies, peritoneal macrophages of non-immune rats eventually show a resistance to rubella virus during the infection. Our results suggest that macrophages require the co-operation of other elements involved in the living animal immunity in order to show resistance to rubella virus. PMID- 7017844 TI - [Cuban bibliography on toxoplasmosis (1913-1958)]. AB - All reports written in Cuba about toxoplasmosis (1913-58) are listed in chronological order, both those that have appeared in a publication and those which have been submitted to at a scientific meeting though they may still remain unpublished. Brief explanatory notes are commented upon each one and the place to find them are listed. PMID- 7017845 TI - [Isolation of the causative agent and histopathology of athlete's foot (preliminary report)]. AB - Given the incidence of athlete's foot in our environment a study of the causing agent as well as the lesions it determines is made. For that purpose four male patients from an ESBEC (High School in the Countryside), seen at Jovellanos Municipality Hospital in the dermatology section, were studied. Average age was 13. The authors conducted a tissular study with adjusting sampling for isolating the relevant causing agent. The authors showed that the infecting agents were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum which determined hyperkeratosis with marked and focal parakeratosis; maceration areas with destruction and sphacelus of the corneal layer, a site with abundant necrotic cells and spores; acanthosis; papillomatosis; hyphas, and a lympho-histocytary inflammatory infiltrate in the upper dermis. PMID- 7017846 TI - [Postgraduate medical science research with a bibliographic update and reference to clinical pathology. (Review article)]. AB - The author mentions the general theoretical and practical principles of scientific research subsequent to professional medical graduation. He makes special reference to its organization, development, and opportunities in the field of clinical pathology, both in Research Institutes and Medical Schools and in general hospital practice. The author furnishes information on modern contributions to the following: Study of chronic diseases; discovery of new chemical substances in blood, urine, and stools; improvements in the current methods through automation, microtechniques, and quality control; knowledge of hemoglobins; studied in which macroglobulins play a critical role; also discoveries of physical and chemical approaches for cell proliferation and necrosis, as well as biochemical advances in enzyme research. Finally, he underscores the scientific work of central clinical laboratory of Pedro Borras Astorga Children Teaching Hospital in the City of Havana, in matters of scientific research through its original contributions and implementation in Cuba of procedures designed in other countries, with the view to assess its value and adjust this speciality to the most recent requirements based on scientific advances in the field of clinical pathology. PMID- 7017847 TI - Muscle protein breakdown in young rats fed on a energy-depleted diet. AB - The urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine has been determined in rats fed an energy-depleted diet. Young male rats were fed over a 21-day period on either an adequate control diet (18% lactalbumin), or an energy-depleted diet (containing half of the amount of carbohydrates of the control diet). Urinary urea-N, creatinine, creatine and 3-methylhistidine, as well as body weight changes were monitored throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the levels of insulin and corticosterone, and the weights of livers and gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles were determined. A significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in body and liver weight was found in the energy-depleted rats, but no weight differences were found in the four excised muscles. Urinary outputs of urea-N, creatine and creatinine were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in this latter group. Output of 3 methylhistidine showed an initial rise followed by a significant (p less than 0.05) and progressive decline throughout the experiment in the rats fed the energy deficient diet. Insulin concentration was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in those animals, but no differences were found in the serum levels of corticosterone. It is assumed that lack of energy in the diet decreases the rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in growing rats. PMID- 7017849 TI - [The karyotype in the blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 7017848 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia. Clinical, hematological, immunological and ultrastructural observations on 6 cases. Review of literature]. PMID- 7017850 TI - [Physiopathological premises in the treatment of insulin-independent diabetics]. PMID- 7017851 TI - [Acute plasmacytic leukemia: clinical considerations and morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects]. PMID- 7017852 TI - The influence of Escherichia coli O78 endotoxin on carbohydrate metabolism in the domestic fowl. AB - The injection of endotoxin isolated from a pathogenic avian strain of Escherichia coli (1 mg/kg intravenously) accelerated the depletion of liver glycogen in fasting nine- to 10-week-old chickens within the first hour and concurrently reduced their plasma inorganic phosphate levels. These changes were attributed to increased glycogenolysis and were followed by hypoglycaemia and a large increase in the lactate content of the plasma which appeared to be caused by enhanced glucose oxidation and reduced gluconeogenesis. The plasma glucose level returned to normal within three hours and simultaneous changes in the plasma urate and albumin content indicated that glucose was being synthesised from amino acids and that albumin was being catabolised to provide them. PMID- 7017854 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific for staphylococcal alpha haemolysin in bovine milk. AB - Six lactating cows were inoculated in the external inguinal lymph node region with a staphylococcal cell-toxoid preparation. An additional three cows were inoculated with saline as control animals. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used for detection of IgG antibodies in the milk, specific for staphylococcal alpha haemolysin. The positive EIA response in the inoculated cows was followed over an 84 day period. Saline controls showed no response. PMID- 7017853 TI - Growth hormone, insulin, prolactin and total thyroxine in the plasma of sheep implanted with the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate alone or with oestradiol. AB - The mode of action of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate (19-norandrost 4,9,11-trien-3-one-17-acetate) was studied through the endogenous hormonal response of castrated male sheep to subcutaneous implantation of 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 20 mg of oestradiol both separately and in combination. Radioimmunoassay of delta-4,9,11-trienic steroids and oestradiol-17 beta in plasma confirmed that simultaneous administration of trenbolone acetate with oestradiol led to a significantly greater persistence of oestradiol-17 beta residues in plasma (P less than 0.05) than with implantation of oestradiol alone. Oestradiol treatment increased concentrations of growth hormone and insulin (P less than 0.05; P less than 0.001 respectively) in plasma samples collected weekly. Trenbolone acetate by itself had no significant effect and the oestrogenic response was blocked on the simultaneous implantation of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol (despite higher plasma levels of oestradiol-17 beta with this treatment). Plasma total thyroxine was markedly depressed to 45 per cent of its basal level by trenbolone acetate, alone or with oestradiol (P less than 0.001) and depressed to 80 per cent of basal by oestradiol treatment alone (P less than 0.001). Plasma prolactin was unaltered by the above treatments. PMID- 7017855 TI - Linuron and monolinuron. PMID- 7017856 TI - Genetic engineering and biological detoxification of environmental pollutants. PMID- 7017857 TI - Biological and environmental impacts of the insecticides malathion and parathion on nontarget biota in aquatic ecosystems. PMID- 7017858 TI - Effects of pesticides on plant nutrition. PMID- 7017859 TI - Beta-blocker therapy with metoprolol in the hyperventilation syndrome. AB - 16 patients suffering from a hyperventilation syndrome were treated with metoprolol 2dd 100 mg and an identical placebo in a double-blind, cross-over trial. Before therapy and after metoprolol and placebo therapy a ventilatory response to CO2 was taken, VC and FEV1, a hyperventilation provocation test, blood gas values, and the subjective experiences of the patients were documented. The ventilatory response to CO2 was described in terms of decrease or increase of ventilation: before therapy ventilation decreased in 10 out of 16 patients, after metoprolol ventilation decreased in 3 of 16 patients (p less than 0.01). The end tidal PCO2 increased with a mean of 3.86 mm Hg (p = 0.0005) after metoprolol as compared to placebo. No differences were found in respiratory frequency or depth, base excess, provocation test. It is concluded that the cardioselective beta blocker metoprolol is a useful drug in the therapy of the hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 7017861 TI - [Best PEEP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017862 TI - [Measurement of cardiac output using ether dilution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017860 TI - [Noninvasive diagnosis of complex heart disease -echocardiographic diagnosis of abnormal cardiac structures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017863 TI - [Biochemical methods in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017864 TI - [The determination of cardiac output by pulmonary vascular dilution curve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017865 TI - [Serial estimation of organ blood flow with tracer-microsphere method; confidence in chronic experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017867 TI - [The reforms of medical education inspired by professors Garreton and Alessandri at the University of Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017868 TI - [Contribution of the glomerulosa and fasciculata zones of the adrenal cortex to the plasma concentration of corticosterone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017869 TI - [Effects of saralasin on 20 hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017866 TI - [Noninvasive diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities in subclinical Chagas' disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017870 TI - [Centennial of the degree of "Profesor Extraordinario" at the University of Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017871 TI - [The neurophysiological bases of acupuncture analgesia]. PMID- 7017872 TI - [Hyperthyroiditis]. PMID- 7017873 TI - [Presence of anti-spermatozoa antibodies detected by immunofluorescence, in sections of the normal/adult testis and feminizing testes]. PMID- 7017875 TI - [Modification of the action of irradiated streptomycin in biological systems]. PMID- 7017874 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of plasma renin activity and myocardial isorenin and cathepsin in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7017876 TI - [History of thoraco-pulmonary surgery in Moldavia]. PMID- 7017877 TI - [The progressive ideas of Dr. N. Vasiliu]. PMID- 7017878 TI - [The role of ethnic consciousness in the history of our country]. PMID- 7017879 TI - [Society of Physicians and Naturalists of Jassy (1830-1980)]. PMID- 7017880 TI - [Development of the feasibility of hygiene and clasp-dental abutment relations]. PMID- 7017882 TI - [Systematization of inguinal herniorraphies]. PMID- 7017881 TI - [Pierre Robin syndrome. Review of 6 cases. Suggestion for its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7017883 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: activity of immune sera on surface antigens. PMID- 7017884 TI - Primitive nature of secondary metabolism. PMID- 7017885 TI - [Freudian theories and aviation psychology]. PMID- 7017886 TI - [Cerebral phospholipids and Parkinson's disease: cross-over double-blind study versus placebo]. AB - Authors refer in this study their clinical experience with brain cortex phospholipids (BC-PL) in patients affected by Parkinson's disease and treated with L-DOPA plus IDD. It's plain from results elaborated through statistical examinations a positive influence more on motor timing performances (screw-test, gait-test, peg-board test) than each item of Webster rating scale. Moreover getting in connection high nervous functions with motor activity, authors suppose BC-PL have a primary and direct action on cortical cholinergic structures correlated with attention, learning and memory and consequently a secondary action on motor performances. PMID- 7017887 TI - [Double-blind study of the effects of amitriptyline and of a combination of amitriptyline and lithium on patients with chronic primary headache]. AB - The Authors report their experience in a "double-blind" study in patients affected by chronic primitive headache. 30 patients have been examined: the first one were prescribed amitriptyline, the other one amitriptyline plus lithium association for 30 days. The study pointed out treatments have been effective in reducing frequency, duration and intensity of headache, even though the amitriptyline is more effective in the prophylaxis of chronic headache, whilst amitriptyline plus lithium association seems to be more effective in subacute headache. PMID- 7017888 TI - [Bibliography of the scientific publications of the staff of the Medical School in Bialystok 1977-1978]. PMID- 7017890 TI - [Indication and significance of radiological measurement methods in diseases of the spine (author's transl)]. AB - The most informative and valuable measuring methods in vertebral body disease have been reviewed and their usefulness in orthopaedic and radiological problems analysed. The methods described here are useful to assess the severity and progress of spinal disease. PMID- 7017891 TI - Dentition on Bahrain, 2000 B.C. AB - Teeth and jaws excavated from 25 burial mounds on the island of Bahrain were examined. Dating: 2000 B.C. The number of individuals buried was estimated from the dentition. An approximate determination of the age for death was attempted. Non-metric and metric traits of the teeth were observed. The teeth showed Caucasoid but no Mongoloid traits. They were small, worn at an early age, with a great deal of carious lesions, no multiple fractures, only a little calculus and alveoloclasia but frequent enamel hypoplasia. The mandibles showed fine healing after the widespread antemortem loss of molars, possibly extracted due to the consequence of caries, caused by the consumption of many carbohydrates. PMID- 7017889 TI - [Cisternography via computerised tomography: technique and pathophysiology as causes of the side effects (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on experiences collected with intrathecal contrast amplification in computerised tomography, using the nonionic contrast media metrizamide and iopamidol in a total of 80 examinations. The side effects are caused by the examination technique - which is discussed in detail -, the pathophysiology of CSF dynamics and the pharmacodynamics of the contrast media, but such side effects can be kept low if the relevant principles are observed. This makes the method both feasible and valuable. PMID- 7017893 TI - The postoperative stomach as seen clinically and experimentally. AB - Using standard operative procedures such as gastrectomies, gastroenterostomies, and pyloroplasties, it was shown in dogs that gastritis occurred at the stoma. Because this gastritis disappeared histologically, or failed to occur at all when reflux was prevented by a Roux-en-Y reconstruction, it is suggested that the cause of the gastritis is duodenal content refluxing through the new stoma. In human subjects after operation it was also shown that gastritis persisted in spite of symptomatic improvement. Regeneration was studied in mice using tritiated thymidine administered on a single occasion only. Gastritis was induced by exposure to sublethal doses of irradiation. As gastric regeneration occurred some 10% of new chief and parietal cells were found to contain tritiated thymidine, suggesting that at least this number were derived from the parent mucus neck cells. PMID- 7017892 TI - Bone resorption stimulated by lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Veillonella, and by the lipid A and the polysaccharide part of Fusobacterium lipopolysaccharide. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from oral strains of Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides stimulated the release of 45Ca from prelabeled fetal rat bones in culture. There was a typical dose-response relationship between the quantities of released 45Ca and LPS used for stimulation. Bacteroides LPS proved to be the less active inducer of 45Ca release. LPS had no stimulating effect on the release of 45Ca from devitalized bone. The stimulated 45Ca release was paralleled by an increase in the culture medium of hydroxyproline and lactate. This, together with the findings of numerous osteoclasts in stained histological specimens of the experimental bones, indicates that LPS stimulated the osteoclasts to bone resorption. Heparin, which did not directly induce 45Ca release, potentiated the bone resorption stimulating capability of LPS. The lipid A and the polysaccharide portion of Fusobacterium LPS also stimulated bone resorption and, remarkably, the polysaccharide portion showed the greatest activity. This may explain the mode of action of LPS lacking a typical lipid A. It is suggested that stimulation of osteoclasts by LPS may result from activation of complement components by lipid A or its polysaccharide portion. PMID- 7017894 TI - Defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. AB - The chemical and physical architecture of the apical membranes of the surface epithelial cells and of the tight junctions which bind the cells together, are such that water and water soluble substances are very slowly admitted. This impermeability is the most important factor in the defense of the gastric mucosa against damaging agents. The barrier provided by this impermeability can be measured by determining the rate of passage of substances from gastric contents to blood. Damage to the barrier will be reflected in an increase in this rate. The common ions, H+, Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- and water provide suitable yardsticks for the estimate. The rate of entry of H+ is the most important for it is the common agent producing serious damage to mucosal cells. The state of the barrier is not static. It can be lowered or raised. Barrier breakers are fat soluble, e.g. ethanol, bile, aspirin. They enter the apical membranes of the surface epithelial cells and in doing so permit H+ and other ions to penetrate at accelerated rates. Exposure to a damaging agent can, however, produce an increase in the resistance of the mucosa to subsequent exposures. Increased resistance of the mucosa can be accomplished also by pretreatment with prostaglandins or epidermal growth factor. Both inhibit acid secretion and this is an important element in limiting mucosal damage. Prostaglandins and some barrier breakers also increase the production of HCO3- and of mucus by the mucosa. Both may aid in disposal of damaging agents. Increases in mucosal circulation can also contribute by ridding the submucosa of damaging substances. Protective factors can also increase the impermeability of the membrane but how this is accomplished is unknown. PMID- 7017895 TI - Cytoprotection by prostaglandins. PMID- 7017897 TI - The proteins of human pancreatic external secretion. AB - Human pancreatic external secretion is a mixture of proteins in solution in a strongly alkaline medium. 10% of proteins are constituted with non-digestive enzymes and proteins and mostly represented by serum-type proteins. 90% of proteins are digestive enzymes and zymogens necessary for digestion of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates present in diets. One prekallikrein is also secreted in pancreatic juice. The optimal pH of enzyme activities and the instability of most enzymes at acidic pH suggest that pancreatic secretion might not have a deleterious effect on gastric mucosa after duodenogastric reflux. PMID- 7017898 TI - Bile salt induced back diffusion of hydrogen ions across gastric mucosa in man. Fact or fiction? AB - We studied the effect of 5.5 mM bile salts, consisting of taurine conjugates in 5 normal subjects. Bile salts caused a significant increase in H+ loss from and Na+ movement into the gastric lumen (controls 1.5 mEq H+, 1.5 mEq Na+; bile salts 3.1 mEq H+ (p less than 0.001), Na+ 2.5 mEq (p less than 0.01) per 15 min.) To determine the effect of acid secretion, studies were repeated after i.v. atropine 2 mg/70 kg b.w. Atropine reduced net H+ flux to -0.2 mEq and Na+ gain to 0.9 mEq. When the bile salt studies were repeated after i.v. atropine, net H+ loss was increased to -5.4 mEq H+, significantly greater than with bile salts alone; corresponding Na+ gain was 3.2 mEq/15 min. The volume of fluid secreted was 25.0 ml in the bile salt study compared with 14.0 ml in the atropine and bile salt study. Even if all the additional volume 'secreted' (14 ml) were bicarbonate from the stomach or pancreatic juice with a concentration of 145 mEq/liter, it could account for a loss of only 2.0 mEq H+. In conclusion, atropine with bile salts is associated with a loss of H+ ions too great to be accounted for by bicarbonate neutralization. We conclude that back diffusion of H+ ions is the most likely explanation of H+ loss after bile salts in man. PMID- 7017896 TI - Therapeutic implications of duodeno-gastric reflux. AB - Both medical and surgical treatment of gastroduodenal reflux have many inherent limitations. Some available drugs act on gastroduodenal reflux by enhancing gastric emptying. Other agents bind bile acids intragastrically or protect gastric epithelial cells from the cytotoxic effect of duodenal juice. Bioavailability of these latter substances is not fully investigated. One has to consider that in general treatment of gastroduodenal reflux must be administered over a considerable length of time. Greater importance has, therefore, to be attached to drug safety than to any impressive short-term pharmacological effect. Such considerations are to a certain degree rate limiting factors for long-term treatment with metoclopramide, high doses of antacid, cholesytramine and prostaglandins. Due to the poor correlation between the patient's symptoms and the noxious effect of duodenal juice considerable problems have to be expected with patient's compliance. This may be one of the main reasons for the absence of convincing controlled long-term trials documenting the value of treatment of gastroduodenal reflux in gastric ulcer disease, acute or chronic gastritis and reflux oesophagitis. Better evaluated, but not without considerable hazards is the surgical treatment of gastroduodenal reflux. Biliary diversion is doubtless effective in some patients suffering from postoperative alkaline gastritis. It is, however, impossible to correlate in the individual patient postgastrectomy or postvagotomy symptoms to bile reflux and this is the main reason for the many failures of the surgical procedures. PMID- 7017899 TI - Standardization of fibrinogen assays. AB - A variety of methods are used to measure plasma fibrinogen, the clottable protein methods being the most widely used in the United States. A review of the strengths and weaknesses of currently available functional as well as immunological fibrinogen methods indicates that the ideal methods has not yet been found. There is some need for a rapid yet simple in-house reference method since the kit purchasers are unduly subject to external, i.e., commercial, standardization. PMID- 7017900 TI - Critical appraisal, clinical usefulness, and implementation of the thromboplastin concept of prothrombin-time standardization. PMID- 7017901 TI - Standardization of the APTT test. Current status. AB - The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) which is used as an overall measure of the intrinsic clotting system, is the commonest coagulation test employed in routine laboratories apart from the prothrombin time. The main functions of the test are: - 1. to screen intrinsic coagulation defects; 2. to control heparin administration; 3. in the control of oral anticoagulant treatment. Many different preparations of phospholipid of human, animal and vegetable origin are used as PTT reagents. In addition, different activators, incubation times, concentrations of calcium chloride and test dilutions of plasma and phospholipid are recommended for routine laboratory use. The need to standardise both reagents and technique has been emphasised in many reports. To meet the need for a reference preparation for the PTT test, a large batch of phospholipid material of human brain origin, designated 71/25, was prepared in the National (UK) Reference Laboratory in lyophilised form in 1971 and proposed as a provisional international reference material. This primary master preparation has been used to calibrate subsequent batches of secondary reference preparations distributed to hospitals in the UK and overseas. Results of a number of collaborative studies have demonstrated the greater reliability of the standardised PTT extract compared with commercial extracts used at the same centres in the three aspects of PTT testing. The conclusion to be drawn from these extensive studies of the laboratory and clinical application of the provisional international reference preparation (71/25) is that we may now be in a position to define an acceptable international standard for the APTT. PMID- 7017902 TI - Standardization of the bleeding time. AB - The Duke, Ivy and immersion methods for performing the bleeding time are reviewed and modifications of these methods are discussed. Certain of the automated devices are described. It is concluded that the bleeding time, when properly standardized, is an important test in the evaluation of a hemostatic disorder. PMID- 7017903 TI - Spontaneous release of leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor by mononuclear cells eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Spontaneous leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor (LIF) was assayed by an indirect system in which mononuclear cells (MNC) eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissues or isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors were cultured without antigen. The supernatants from these cultures and control supernatants, heated to 80 degrees C for 30 min to destroy the LIF activity, were used in the test. In seven out of eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients the eluted synovial MNC produced LIF spontaneously, whereas none of the twelve normal blood donors showed any such production. The ability to show spontaneous LIF production was primarily seen in the joint tissues from sero-negative patients. PMID- 7017904 TI - Differential role of Zn2+ in antigen- and mitogen-induced lymphokine production. AB - The effect on human lymphokine production in viro of phenanthroline, a Zn2+ chelating agent and an inhibitor of carboxypeptidases A and B, was tested. The elaboration of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by tuberculin sensitized mononuclear cells stimulated with the specific antigen was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, an effect completely restored by addition of excess Zn2+. In contrast, phenanthroline did not affect LIF production by mononuclear cells activated nonspecifically by phytohaemagglutinin. It is hypothesized that the presence of a Zn2+-dependent molecule, possibly a carboxypeptidase, may be necessary for antigen- but not for mitogen-induced lymphokine production. PMID- 7017905 TI - A rubella epidemic in an unvaccinated pregnant population. I. Screening methods and serological results. AB - During the 1974 rubella epidemic in Oslo, paired sera from 7781 pregnant women were examined for rubella-specific IgG antibodies using the single radial haemolysis (SRH) test. 12.4% of the women with seronegative in early pregnancy, with no significant variations between the different age groups. In the seropositive samples, there was a mean decrease in the rubella IgG concentration of about 30% during 22 gestational weeks. 53 seroconversions were found. In addition, 22 primary infections were detected by the demonstration of rubella specific IgM antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence test. The persistence of the rubella IgM antibodies was examined and a large individual variation was found, from less than 1 month up to 4 months after onset of the disease. The serological techniques, particularly the SRH test, were found to be well suited for mass screening. PMID- 7017906 TI - Q fever in Finland: clinical, immunological and epidemiological findings. AB - Clinical, immunological and epidemiological features of 14 human cases of Q fever diagnosed at Aurora Hospital are presented. All patients had an acute febrile disease and 9 (64%) had respiratory symptoms, 4 (29%) verified pneumonia, and 9 (64%) hepatitis, which in 4 biopsied cases proved to be granulomatous. Presence of circulating immune complexes was shown in 10/11 patients investigated by the platelet aggregation test (PAT) and the platelet iodinated protein A (PIPA) test. Q fever is not known to be endemic in the Nordic Countries. However, the causative agent, Coxiella burnetii, should tolerate our climate and there is a rich potential animal reservoir. All patients had visited some endemic area shortly before they were taken ill. In 3 cases the interval between arrival in Finland and the onset of symptoms was more than double the reported maximal incubation period, namely 69, 75 and 88 days. We suggest that these patients acquired the infection after their return to Finland from their clothing or from souvenirs. If so, Q fever could be acquired by this mechanism by persons who have never visited an area where the disease is endemic. PMID- 7017907 TI - Colonization of newborns with group B streptococci: relation to maternal urogenital carriage. AB - Urethral and cervical specimens were obtained from 786 parturients during labour. 126 women (16%) were found to be urogenital carriers of group B streptococci (GBS). Bacteriological specimens were also obtained from the throat, umbilicus and external auditory canal of their 786 infants immediately after birth, and from 671 of the infants staying at the maternity unit 4 days later. 51% (64/126) of the infants born to GBS carriers were culture-positive for GBS immediately after birth. Only 27% (6/22) of the infants born to women who were GBS culture positive in the urethra but not in the cervix contracted GBS at the delivery, in contrast to 59% (58/85) of the infants born to combined urethral and cervical carriers (P less than 0.05). This difference in colonization rate was not related to differences in levels of antibodies to the type of GBS carried by the individual parturient. On day 4, 13% (90/671) of the infants in the maternity unit were colonized with GBS. 39% of them were colonized at birth from their mother, 12% were culture negative at birth but had become colonized by day 4 with the same type of GBS as that isolated from the urogenital tract of the mother, and 37% were GBS positive on day 4 but culture-negative at birth and the mother's specimens did not reveal GBS. The distribution of serotypes among these infants was identical with that found among the other colonized infants, indicating that they might have contracted their GBS from the other infants in the maternity unit. PMID- 7017908 TI - Shigella and shigellaemia. AB - Two cases of bacteraemia with Shigella flexneri 2a in children are described. They illustrate the wide variety of clinical manifestations of shigellosis, ranging from benign gastroenteritis to septicaemia associated with severe extra intestinal manifestations. PMID- 7017909 TI - On using computers and modern technical means in education. PMID- 7017910 TI - Bacteriological and serological studies after ileovesical diversion in dogs. AB - The risk of urinary tract infection after ileovesical diversion was studied by means of bacteriological and serological analyses in 8 mongrel dogs. Cultures of bladder contents showed heavy growth of the same bacterial strains as were found in the distal ileum. Cultures of the pelvic urine contained lower amounts of the same strains of bacteria. The levels of serum antibody titres to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were elevated only in 3 out of 100 sera examined. These slightly increased titres were not related to any obvious infection in the urinary tract. High C-reactive protein concentrations were noted in 3 dogs in connection with diagnosed inflammatory conditions. Colonization of the urinary tract after oral administration of selected test-strains could not be shown. PMID- 7017911 TI - The urodynamics of the upper urinary tract after autotransplantation in dogs. AB - Urodynamics (pelvic pressure, pelvic volume and frequency of ureteral peristalsis) and pathology of the upper urinary tract after renal autotransplantation were investigated in 31 dogs. The function of the autograft was restored and the urodynamic patterns of the pelviureteral system were unchanged as compared with dogs without transplant. The viscoelastic behaviour of hysteresis could not be recognized in the autografted upper urinary tract. There was pronounced collagen infiltration in the ureteral smooth muscle layer, and this derangement was suggested as being responsible for the observed viscoelastic changes. PMID- 7017912 TI - [Psychopathology and proclamation of the prophet Ezekiel. The phenomenon of prophetic ecstasy]. AB - The psychopathological phenomenons, reported about the prophet Ezekiel, can be understood as ecstatic experiences and symbolic behaviour which give hints at a sensible personality, however show no clear evidence for a profound psychological disturbance or schizophrenic psychosis. Ezekiel announces the radical judgement of God and the promised total new beginning of God after judgement and repentance of the people. Not only words shall announce the coming judgement and call for repentance, but also especially striking and startling symbolic behaviour. The contents of the message leads to a total consecration of the prophet which covers all the areas of his life and is connected with solitude and much psychophysical strain. PMID- 7017913 TI - [Psychological strength and tension according to Pierre Janet]. AB - Janet's psychological studies are focused on behavior. In this objectival perspective, action appears to be underlain by two parameters, i.e. strength and tension. The latter is connected with a hierarchic organization of the psychological facts which are topped by the reality function. The different stages of the development of this theory are exposed. The author emphasizes the first works about hysteria and psychasthenia. The later studies on tendencies and sentiments are more concisely mentioned. PMID- 7017914 TI - Proteolytic enzymes in joint destruction. AB - An increase in both neutral and acid proteolytic activity and proteinase inhibitors is reported in synovial fluid of osteoarthrotic and rheumatoid joints, compared with controls, but in subchondral bone and articular cartilage only Cathepsin D and in synovial tissue only neutral caseinolysis were elevated. Especially high proteolytic activities were found in joint compartments of seronegative rheumatoid and in sera of osteoarthrotic patients. The source of the main part of neutral caseinolytic activity in joint fluid is inflammatory cells, in the case of Cathepsin D the tissues of origin seem to be bone and cartilage. PMID- 7017915 TI - Plaque-forming, antibody-dependent, cytotoxic cells with monocytic properties are present in rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Mononuclear cells eluted from synovial tissues from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) mediate cytotoxicity in vitro against a monolayer of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgG. Cell fractionation experiments suggested that most of the plaque-forming cells were non-lymphocytic and had adherence and phagocytic properties. PMID- 7017916 TI - High dose intravenous methyl prednisolone (pulse therapy) in the treatment of rheumatoid disease. PMID- 7017917 TI - Additive clinical effect of indomethacin suppositories during salicylate therapy in rheumatoid patients. AB - Twelve rheumatic patients were given 2.0 and 4.5 g acetylsalicylic acid daily in two 3-week periods. On days 13 and 20 of each period the patients took a suppository containing either placebo or 50 mg of indomethacin. The study was performed double-blind. Indomethacin had a significant additive effect during ASA therapy with 2 g daily as estimated by articular index and subjective ratings of pain and morning stiffness. On the 4.5 g ASA dose there was a significant improvement only for articular index. The patients experienced less pain during maintenance therapy with 4.5 g of ASA compared with 2.0 g daily. Both ASA doses induced complete inhibition of prostaglandin PGF2 alpha release from platelets. Thus the suppression of PGF2 alpha release does not reflect the therapeutic response of these drugs. Side effects observed comprised tinnitus, dizziness and gastritis. In 2 of the patients the aminotransferase levels increased, indicating hepatotoxicity. The protein binding of salicylate decreased with increasing salicylate concentration. As the dose was increased from 2.0 to 4.5 g/day the unbound concentration increased 5 to 24 times. This reflects the combined effect of capacity-limited metabolism and capacity-limited protein binding of salicylate. PMID- 7017918 TI - Calcinosis in dermatomyositis treated with probenecid. AB - Childhood dermatomyositis is frequently complicated by deposition of calcium salts in the soft tissues. This calcinosis represents a major problem, as severe disability may result. Various drugs have been tried to dissolve the calcinosis, but the results of these trials are disappointing. In this article we present a case report of a 9-year-old girl treated with probenecid. This treatment led to a dramatic decrease in subcutaneous and intermuscular calcinosis. The authors call for controlled studies of probenecid treatment in calcinosis. PMID- 7017919 TI - [Dental pulp protection with respect to acid-etched adhesive fillings. II. Biological controls]. PMID- 7017920 TI - [New aspects of local anesthesia in conservative dentistry]. PMID- 7017921 TI - [Clinical trial of a cetylpyridinium dentifrice]. PMID- 7017923 TI - [Follow-up of complete denture wearers from the Zurich Public Dental Clinic. I. Results of a patient questionnaire after more than 10 years' of wear]. PMID- 7017924 TI - [70th birthday of Prof. Emil Hess]. PMID- 7017922 TI - [Double-blind study of the action of calcitonin in chronic periodontitis patients]. PMID- 7017926 TI - [Quantitative determination of germs on wooden and plastic surfaces]. PMID- 7017925 TI - [Prophylaxis of colienterotoxemia in swine: duration of oral immunization with virulent pathogens combined with protective diet]. PMID- 7017927 TI - The beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7017928 TI - Biopterin cofactor biosynthesis: independent regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase in adrenal medulla and cortex. AB - Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase. PMID- 7017929 TI - Age at menarche: a misunderstanding. PMID- 7017930 TI - Fredrickson resigns for NIH. PMID- 7017931 TI - Studies in histocompatibility. PMID- 7017932 TI - Nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and novobiocin inhibit yeast glycyl- and leucyl transfer RNA synthetases. AB - Nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit the aminoacylation and pyrophosphate exchange activities of glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases from bakers' yeast. Similar types of inhibition are observed for both enzymes, suggesting similar mechanisms. The potency of these inhibitors is comparable to that observed for their inhibition of in vivo DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7017933 TI - Laser microsurgery in cell and developmental biology. AB - New applications of laser microbeam irradiation to cell and developmental biology include a new instrument with a tunable wavelength (217- to 800-nanometer) laser microbeam and a wide range of energies and exposure durations (down to 25 X 10( 12) second). Laser microbeams can be used for microirradiation of selected nucleolar genetic regions and for laser microdissection of mitotic and cytoplasmic organelles. They are also used to disrupt the developing neurosensory appendages of the cricket and the imaginal discs of Drosophila. PMID- 7017934 TI - Drug shows promise against herpes. PMID- 7017935 TI - Falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes specifically bind to cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes. PMID- 7017936 TI - Mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate are highly responsive to epidermal growth factor. AB - An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues. PMID- 7017937 TI - Pineal N-acetyltransferase is inactivated by disulfide-containing peptides: insulin is the most potent. AB - Pineal N-acetyltransferase can be inactivated in broken cell preparations by cystamine through a mechanism of thiol-disulfide exchange. Some, but not all, disulfide-containing peptides can inactivate this enzyme; the most potent inactivator is insulin. These findings suggest that a disulfide-containing peptide with high reactivity toward N-acetyltransferase may participate in the intracellular regulation of this enzyme. PMID- 7017938 TI - The radiobiology of mammalian cells. PMID- 7017939 TI - Therapeutic implications of heat as related to radiation therapy. PMID- 7017940 TI - Cyclophosphamide nail pigmentation. PMID- 7017941 TI - A spiritual healer, Clive Harris. PMID- 7017942 TI - Soma: an attempt to classify the plant and the drug [1]. PMID- 7017943 TI - Towards a political economy of health: a critical note on the medical anthropology of the Middle East. PMID- 7017944 TI - Underdevelopment, demographic change, and health care on the Navajo Indian Reservation. PMID- 7017945 TI - [Constitutional mechanisms of obesity]. PMID- 7017946 TI - The "jerks": mass hysteria or epilepsy? AB - Hysterical "epidemics" of "epilepsy" are well known in Eastern and Western cultures. A unique situation in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries was the American religious movement, the setting in which "the jerks" occurred. Descriptions of various types of "jerks," including dancing, barking, laughing exercise, running exercise, and singing exercise are described. PMID- 7017948 TI - Anaerobic bacteria in pediatric respiratory infection: progress in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7017947 TI - Cutaneous histoplasmosis after renal transplantation. AB - A 21-year-old woman with a renal allograft presented with cellulitis of the right foot as the first manifestation of disseminated histoplasmosis. Disseminated histoplasmosis is more common in immunosuppressed hosts, and there is a trend toward more frequent cutaneous manifestations in transplant recipients (47%). Biopsy of cellulitis in these patients may lead to early diagnosis and curative amphotericin therapy. PMID- 7017949 TI - Women in medicine. PMID- 7017950 TI - [Diagnosis of disseminated processes in the lungs]. PMID- 7017951 TI - [Case of autologous kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7017952 TI - [Life and works of A.N. Rubakin]. PMID- 7017953 TI - [Fedor Petrovich Gaaz (on the 200th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7017954 TI - [Classification of the severity of esophagogastroduodenal hemorrhage using a computer]. PMID- 7017955 TI - [Hemosorption in clinical practice (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7017956 TI - [Genetic studies in psoriasis]. PMID- 7017957 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and the arrest of hemorrhages of the upper gastrointestinal tract in acute and chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7017958 TI - [Dr. Pavao Popovic (30 October 1854-17 October 1937), a pioneer in ophthalmology in Serbia]. PMID- 7017959 TI - [Dr. Matija Knezevic (18 April 1899--28 March 1980)]. PMID- 7017960 TI - [Heart transplantation at Stanford University]. PMID- 7017961 TI - [Effect of vesicorenal reflux on the function of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7017962 TI - [Occurrence of bacterial resistance in nosocomial infections]. PMID- 7017963 TI - Homeopathic 'firsts' in South Africa. PMID- 7017964 TI - Legionnaires' disease in Durban. A case report. AB - An isolated case of Legionnaires' disease occurring in Durban is described. The patient presented with bilateral extensive pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, which showed a fourfold rise in titre from 1 : 128 to 1 : 512. Awareness of the fact that Legionnaires' disease occurs here should result in early recognition and appropriate management of this disease. PMID- 7017965 TI - Insulin injections and disposable syringes. PMID- 7017966 TI - Once-daily atenolol in hypertensive Zimbabwean blacks. A double-blind trial using two different doses. AB - A double-blind within-patient study was carried out on Zimbabwean Blacks to investigate the effect of once-daily atenolol on hypertension in doses of 100 and 200 mg/d. Atenolol 200 mg produced significant changes in diastolic pressure readings taken in the supine and standing positions and after exercise; with atenolol 100 mg modest but non-significant changes occurred. These findings are less impressive than those previously reported in White subjects. We conclude that beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents should not be used as drugs of first choice for hypertension in our Black population. PMID- 7017967 TI - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. A review of the literature and case report. AB - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is an uncommon condition of obscure aetiology and uncertain pathogenesis. It is characterized by swelling of the lips or other parts of the face and mouth, Bell's palsy, and fissured tongue. Disturbances of salivary, lacrimal and nasal secretion, disorders of taste and vision, migraine, and febrile symptoms occasionally accompany the condition. Treatment is aimed at management of the facial paralysis and cosmetic reduction of established facial swelling. PMID- 7017968 TI - [Illustrated miscellaneous record of medico-dental and pharmaceutical history: illustrated book on first aid, Kokei's first aid methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017969 TI - [Dental diseases in Kamakura period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017970 TI - [Clinical results of dental TDZ in prosthodontic field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017971 TI - [Dental occlusion from prosthodontics' viewpoints (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017972 TI - [Dental occlusion from the standpoint of physiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017973 TI - [Current problems and prospects raised by environmental pollution]. PMID- 7017974 TI - Financing and the elderly patient: a look at Medicare, Medicaid, and third-party programs. PMID- 7017975 TI - Psychosocial considerations in the dental treatment of individuals with congenital orofacial clefting: a summary for clinicians. PMID- 7017976 TI - The modifying influence of age on taste perception. PMID- 7017977 TI - Experimental study of double staple lines in gastric partitions. AB - Results of this study suggest that, when separated by 1 centimeter, the gastric wall situated between the two staple lines is relatively ischemic compared with the gastric wall outside the staple lines. The potential for perforation within this isolated segment is consequently greater. Therefore, placing two rows of staples 1 centimeter apart is dangerous and should be avoided. On the other hand, the gastric partitions can be safely reinforced by placing a double row of staples immediately adjacent to each other. Although placing two rows of staples 2 centimeters apart may be safe, there is little, if any, reinforcement of the proximal suture line, and it is not recommended. PMID- 7017978 TI - A comparison of end-to-end staple and suture colorectal anastomosis in the dog. PMID- 7017979 TI - Surgical treatment and the patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - It has long been recognized that the patient with chronic lung disease, malnutrition, vitamin K deficiency or electrolyte and blood gas disturbances presents a special problem for the surgeon. Patients with cystic fibrosis have all of these abnormalities. Until recently, the patient with cystic fibrosis was exclusively the domain of the pediatrician. Today, with the increasing number of patients over the age of 20 years, internists and surgeons have an increasingly important role in the care of these patients. In addition, since women with cystic fibrosis are capable of bearing children, the need for genetic, obstetric and gynecologic counseling is becoming more apparent. Although the patient with cystic fibrosis is generally at a much greater risk for the complications of surgical treatment than the normal patient, experience in the management of these patients has greatly improved the outlook. However, in most instances, surgical management of the patient with cystic fibrosis represents palliation, since these patients usually die of the medical complications of their disease. Further controlled studies are needed to fully evaluate the role of surgical treatment in the sequelas of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7017980 TI - Experience with extracorporeal renal operations and autotransplantation in the management of complicated urologic disorders. AB - Renal autotransplantation with or without an extracorporeal renal operation was performed 45 times upon 43 patients. Twenty-one patients underwent renal autotransplantation as surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension, all of whom are cured or have improved postoperatively. Sixteen renal autotransplants were performed upon 14 patients with extensive ureteral disease, 14 of which were successful. Six patients with carcinoma centrally located in a solitary kidney underwent extracorporeal partial nephrectomy and autotransplantation. Three of these patients are alive with functioning autografts and are tumor-free from one to five years postoperatively. Two patients with multiple recurrent renal calculi were successfully treated by extracorporeal pyelolithotomy and autotransplantation with pyelovesicostomy. An extracorporeal renal operation and autotransplantation can provide the best solution for selected urologic problems not correctable by conventional methods. PMID- 7017981 TI - Treatment of pulmonary embolism with positive end-expiratory pressure and prostaglandin E1. PMID- 7017982 TI - The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit. PMID- 7017983 TI - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction. PMID- 7017984 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1981. PMID- 7017985 TI - Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma. AB - Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, occurring in about one out of 15,000 live births. A century ago, the mortality rate with this malignancy was nearly 100%; today, it is less than 10%. Furthermore, with recent advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, vision can often be preserved in one or both eyes. The approach to differential diagnosis utilized in the Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service is outlined, and various diagnostic tests are described and illustrated. Procedures for examination under anesthesia are also detailed; it is emphasized that the physician should be prepared to institute appropriate treatment at the time of examination under anesthesia. Depending on the extent and nature of tumor involvement, treatment might consist of enucleation, external radiation, episcleral plaque irradiation, photocoagulation, cryotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these modalities. Indications, techniques and complications of each modality are discussed. PMID- 7017986 TI - In commemoration of 25 years of Survey of Ophthalmology. PMID- 7017987 TI - Insulin half-life in man after trauma. AB - To explore the possibility that the half-life of insulin changes after trauma, five control subjects and 19 severe trauma patients received intravenous glucose (0.5 gm/kg) in 5 minutes to raise rapidly the insulin levels, followed immediately by 300 mg of intravenous diazoxide over 5 minutes to inhibit any further insulin secretion. Serial blood samples were analyzed for immunoreactive insulin, and insulin half-life was calculated. The baseline insulin level was 13.4 +/- 3.8 microU/ml in the trauma group 10.4 +/- 3.1 microU/ml in the control group. During the glucose infusion, insulin levels rose to 177.0 +/- 56.0 microU/ml in the controls and to 127.0 +/- 27.0 microU/ml in the trauma group. The rise in the control subjects was greater (P less than 0.03) than the rise in the trauma patients. After diazoxide, insulin levels fell to 25.0 +/- 6.2 microU/ml and 25.0 +/- 6.6 microU/ml, respectively. Insulin half-life in the control subjects was 5.2 +/- 0.3 min and 3.9 +/- 0.2 min in the trauma group (P less than 0.019). PMID- 7017988 TI - Chronic total renal artery occlusion: effects of treatment on secondary hypertension and renal function. AB - Chronic total occlusion of 42 main renal arteries was documented by arteriographic studies in 25 female and 15 male patients being evaluated for drug resistant hypertension. Arteriosclerotic lesions affected 35 patients, and fibrodysplastic obstructions occurred in five. Hypertensive urographic studies showed lateralization to the affected kidney in all 31 studies obtained. Renal vein renin activity lateralized with a mean ratio of 3.88 in the 24 patients studied. In 15 patients, mean renal: systemic renin indices (RSRI) of 2.39 confirmed ischemic kidney renin hypersecretion, and a mean RSRI of 0.03 confirmed contralateral suppressed secretion. Affected kidney lengths averaging 9.4 cm were significantly smaller than the 13.0 cm length of kidneys without occluded arteries. Thirty patients with 31 occluded arteries underwent renal artery bypass (18), endarterectomy (2), or nephrectomy (11). There were two perioperative deaths. Eighty-nine percent of survivors benefited in regard to hypertension control, and 47% exhibited improved renal function. Nonoperative treatment of 10 patients was associated with frequent progression of renal failure and inadequate blood pressure control. This experience documents the appropriateness of surgical therapy for secondary hypertension caused by chronically occluded renal arteries. PMID- 7017989 TI - ABO(H) cell surface antigens in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia. AB - Forty-three cases of primary hyperparathyroidism were studied with the specific red cell adherence test (SRCA) to determine the presence or absence of ABO(H) cell surface antigens on abnormal parathyroid tissue. Of the 27 patients with the clinicopathologic diagnosis (CPD) of adenoma, 24 (89%) had lost the ABO(H) cell surface antigen of the abnormal gland. Among the 15 patients with the CPD of hyperplasia, the parathyroid tissue from three (20%) had lost its red cell antigen. In one patient, a metastasis from a parathyroid carcinoma had lost the ABO surface antigen. Several patients in whom conflicting SRCA and CPD were obtained had factors that raised doubts as to the validity of their CPD. The SRCA is a simple test that may aid in the difficult differentiation between parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia. PMID- 7017990 TI - Leukocytes, platelets, and thromboxane A2 in endotoxin-induced lung injury. AB - The relationship of leukocytes, platelets, and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) to endotoxin induced lung injury was studied by use of chronic pulmonary lymph fistula in 12 adult female sheep. Endotoxin-induced lung injury in sheep was characterized by an early pulmonary hypertensive phase followed by a phase of increased capillary permeability. A profound leukopenia occurred early after endotoxin infusion and persisted during both phases of the injury. TxA2 levels (measured as its metabolite thromboxane B2) were significantly increased during the hypertensive phase and then returned rapidly to baseline. Levels were higher in lymph than in plasma, implying local generation in lung. Platelet count decreased transiently later in the permeability phase, rapidly returning toward baseline in animals that survived. The decrease in platelets occurred after TxA2 levels had returned to baseline, suggesting that TxA2 may be coming from sources other than platelets. We conclude that leukocytes appear to play a major role in initiating endotoxin-induced lung injury, and TxA2 may be contributing to pulmonary hypertension. Platelets, on the other hand, seem to be transiently sticking to an already damaged endothelium, with the degree of sequestration indicative of the severity of the injury. PMID- 7017993 TI - [Immunothermistometry and its value in the diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of various internal diseases]. PMID- 7017991 TI - Treatment of choledocholithiasis with oral chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - The aim of this study was to conduct a controlled trial of oral chenodeoxycholic acid in the management of radiolucent choledocholithiasis. Thirteen patients were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive either 750 mg/day of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or a placebo. After 4 months, those who had the placebo were administered CDCA; those who had received CDCA and showed a 25% or more decrease in the size of stones (evaluated blindly) received CDCA for an additional 4 months. Five of the 13 patients did not complete the study; four (one initially placebo and three CDCA) because acute biliary symptoms mandated operative intervention and one (initially placebo, then CDCA) because of asymptomatic elevations of the serum transaminase levels. Patients who were withdrawn from the study had significantly larger stones (P less than 0.02) (mean largest diameter, 11.4 mm +/- 1.6 SEM) than those who completed the study (6.5 +/ 0.5). Of the eight patients who completed the study, two of the three who received CDCA initially for 6 to 8 months experienced complete disappearance of stones; all five patients who took the placebo failed to show dissolution, and one of these subsequently had dissolution of stones after 8 months of CDCA. Biliary lipid analyses during treatment showed bile unsaturated with respect to cholesterol in the three patients whose stones dissolved with CDCA therapy. In conclusion, a patient with partial dissolution of stones and unsaturated bile after 4 months of CDCA probably will have complete dissolution of stones after 6 to 8 months of CDCA. PMID- 7017992 TI - Simultaneous revascularization for complex brachiocephalic and coronary artery disease. AB - We have recently encountered two patients with significant coronary artery disease in addition to complex and extensive brachiocephalic occlusive disease. Both were operated upon successfully with simultaneous repair of both anatomic areas. These cases form the basis of this article. Fourteen additional patients with combined coronary and conventional carotid disease have been operated upon successfully with a simultaneous approach to both lesions. We conclude, until convincing prospective data are available possibly indicating otherwise, that a simultaneous approach to these combined lesions is indicated. PMID- 7017994 TI - [Cardiac amyloidosis]. PMID- 7017996 TI - [Developmental anomalies of the trachea and bronchi]. PMID- 7017995 TI - [Chronic renal insufficiency: incidence and diagnostic methods]. PMID- 7017997 TI - [Diagnostic informative value of immunological tests in the acute period of myocardial infarct with an atypical onset and course]. PMID- 7017998 TI - Cardiovascular abnormalities in thoracopagus twins. AB - A detailed anatomopathologic study of the various developmental malformations encountered in a set of female thoracopagus twins is presented. Special emphasis has been devoted to the analysis and description of the complex cardiovascular abnormalities associated with the conjoined heart and liver of this set of twins. The heart was conjoined with two sets of great arteries. The great arteries of one twin were d-malposed and originated from a single right ventricle; a normally placed aorta originated from a single left ventricle and the hypoplastic pulmonary trunk originated from a rudimentary outlet chamber of the other twin. One twin had two atria with the systemic veins returning to the right one and an anomalous pulmonary venous return terminating in the ductus venous of her liver. The other twin had a single right atrium plus an accessory atrial chamber to which both the pulmonary and the systemic veins returned. There were two umbilical arteries originating from the internal iliac arteries of one twin and two umbilical veins which fused into one as they entered into the ductus venous of the other twin. The cardiovascular abnormalities of our case have been compared with those encountered in 25 well-documented cases of thoracopagus twins previously reported in the literature. It was concluded that the majority of thoracopagus twins (approximately 75%) had conjoined heart with associated cardiovascular abnormalities making them unsuitable for surgical separation even at the cost of the life of one of them. In addition, an embryological interpretation concerning the possible origin of the cardiovascular abnormalities of our case is presented and discussed. PMID- 7018000 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7017999 TI - Dr Bill Ross: a leader for Texas physicians. PMID- 7018001 TI - [Alcoholic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018002 TI - [Endocrine changes in the alcoholic]. PMID- 7018003 TI - International collaborative study on the assay of commerically available high and low molecular weight urokinases. AB - Urokinases of different molecular weights are now commerically available. An international collaborative study (eight laboratories) has been conducted to investigate the effect of type and concentration of plasminogen on the assay of two different urokinase preparations against the International Reference Preparation (IRP). Considerable inter-laboratory variation in relative potency estimation was found, and a small effect of plasminogen concentration, independent of type, was apparent. PMID- 7018005 TI - Familial deficiency of prostacyclin production stimulating factor in the hemolytic uremic syndrome of childhood. PMID- 7018004 TI - Plasma prekallikrein and endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis. AB - In liver disease low prekallikrein levels may be found which has been suggested to be due to diminished synthesis. However, it may also be due to endotoxemia accompanying liver disease. To study the last possiblity prekallikrein, endotoxins and Normotest were determined in 18 cirrhosis patients. The relation between the prekallikrein concentration (after 15 min activation) and the Normotest was significant (r = + 0.72, P less than 0.001). Endotoxemia was only found in the more severe forms of liver disease (Normotest below 60%). During endotoxemia the prekallikrein levels were significantly lower than when no endotoxins were present in the blood of the same patients. The Normotest did not differ significantly in these patients in relation to the presence or absence of endotoxins. The activation of prekallikrein was slower in the more severe forms of liver disease. This might be due to reduced levels of factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen. In conclusion the reduced prekallikrein level in liver cirrhosis may be due to both diminished synthesis and endotoxemia. In the more severe forms of liver disease the time necessary to activate prekallikrein is increased. PMID- 7018006 TI - [Vis medicatrix naturea and the surgery breakthrough in Norway]. PMID- 7018007 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris in general practice with nifedipine - a calcium blocker]. PMID- 7018008 TI - [Mastitis and environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018009 TI - [The pathogenesis of coliform mastitis (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper is a report on a comparative study of the effects of intravenous or intramammary injection of various doses of E. coli endotoxin in normal and endotoxin-tolerant animals on a number of clinical and clinicochemical parameters. The absence of marked effects on rumen motility following intramammary administration of endotoxins raised serious doubts as to the validity of the common theory of absorption of endotoxins from the udder in these animals. Experimental animals were made tolerant by daily intravenous injections of E. coli endotoxins. Animals tolerant for a single intravenous injection also were tolerant for intravenous infusion of E. coli endotoxins. Intramammary administration of one fifth of the dose of endotoxins for which the animals had been made tolerant, produced a maximum effect on the body temperature and plasma zinc concentrations of cows. In view of these findings, it can be postulated that the systemic symptoms in E. coli endotoxin induced mastitis are not due to the absorption of endotoxins from the udder. PMID- 7018010 TI - [Results of mastitis control programmes in dairy cows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018011 TI - Modulation of expression of HLA components at the cell surface induced by anti beta 2m reagents. AB - Antibodies against lymphocytes surface components are able to rearrange profoundly the topography of the cell membrane with a differential modulation of surface antigens. Of particular interest is the effect of anti-beta 2m reagents, which are able to suppress completely the reactivity of epitopes carried by the two chains of the ABC dimers, while th expressivity of other antigens, such as DR, is significantly increased. These results have been obtained with immunoradiobinding under a variety of conditions, thus confirming the validity of the "bb" (beta 2m blanketing) test. PMID- 7018012 TI - Flemming Kissmeyer. PMID- 7018013 TI - Antibodies to human immunoglobulin detected by hemolysis of human immunoglobulin coated red blood cells. AB - A hemolysis assay was developed to detect alloantibodies to human immunoglobulin. A total of 1035 serum samples was tested. Anti-IgM antibodies were found in 8% of 59 normal persons and in 13% of 439 multiparous women, with the highest incidence of 67% in 341 dialysis patients. Although the anti-IgM antibodies were inhibited by both IgM and IgG, it appeared that they were also inhibited by F(ab')2 bu not by Fc. Anti-IgG antibodies were more strongly inhibited by Fc than F(ab')2. These results suggest that anti-IgM antibodies might be analogous to antiidiotypic antibodies directed to F(ab')2, whereas anti-IgG antibodies tend to have greater reactivity to Fc. PMID- 7018014 TI - The crossmatch in renal transplantation. PMID- 7018015 TI - Influence of HLA matching in cadaveric renal transplantation: experience from one Scandiatransplant center. AB - The outcome of 461 prospectively HLA-A, -B and -C typed and 193 prospectively HLA DR typed cadaveric kidney transplants in one center was followed. We found a significant beneficial effect on graft survival both of HLA-A and -B as well as of HLA-DR matching between donor and recipient, while no effects of HLA-C compatibility could be detected. The effect of HLA-DR matching was clearly more pronounced than that of HLA-A and -B matching, and a possible influence of matching for HLA-A and -B could only be seen in the HLA-DR mismatched combinations. Pretransplant blood transfusions were associated with an increased graft survival only in patients receiving HLA-DR mismatched transplants. We conclude that major emphasis should be laid on obtaining HLA-DR compatibility in clinical renal transplantation. PMID- 7018016 TI - An approach to capital expenditure planning. PMID- 7018017 TI - Long-range strategic financial planning. PMID- 7018018 TI - Is diversification for you? PMID- 7018019 TI - A futuristic look at cost and rate controls. PMID- 7018020 TI - The regulatory environment. PMID- 7018021 TI - Study of Dieffenbachia-induced edma in mouse and rat hindpaw: respective role of oxalate needles an trypsin-like protease. PMID- 7018022 TI - Gila monster: its biology, venom and bite--a review. PMID- 7018023 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on the microsome-mediated in vitro mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Pretreatment of rat, hamster or mouse by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) largely induces the liver microsomal N-hydroxylase activity. The same pretreatment given simultaneously with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) inhibits the hepatocarcinogenicity in the rat but not in the hamster. The present report compared the in vivo and in vitro effects of 3-MC on liver microsomal N hydroxylation and liver microsome-mediated mutagenicity of 2-AAF in hamster, rat and mouse. The induction of hamster or mouse liver microsomal N-hydroxylase activity correlated well with the increase in the microsome-mediated mutagenicity of 2-AAF. With rat, however, even though the N-hydroxylase activity is largely enhanced, microsome-mediated mutagenicity is significantly reduced after pretreatment with 3-MC. Such a reduction parallels a decrease in enzyme affinity. Added in vitro to the incubation medium, 3-MC (microM concentration) inhibits both the N-hydroxylase activity and the microsome-mediated mutagenicity of 2-AAF. Those data are discussed in relationship with the biological interactions between 3-MC and 2-AAF. PMID- 7018024 TI - In vitro inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by acrylamide: interaction with enzyme-SH groups. AB - Acrylamide, a reactive electrophile, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity (purified) which was reversed by prior addition of glutathione. Reaction of thiol groups of this enzyme with orthophthalaldehyde (OPT), a fluorescent reagent, exhibited characteristic fluorescence maxima at 330 nm excitation and 420 nm emission. Addition of acrylamide to the enzyme resulted in a concentration-dependent (acrylamide and protein) quenching of fluorescence of thiol groups when compared with fluorescence quenching caused by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a known thiol ligand. The results demonstrate that acrylamide-induced inhibition of purified ADH activity is mediated through its specific interaction with -SH groups in the enzyme molecule. PMID- 7018025 TI - Behavioural techniques for the management of the child patient. A review of the literature. PMID- 7018026 TI - The enucleation of cells on plastic Leighton coverslips. AB - A simple enucleation technique that facilitates autoradiographic and electron microscopic examination of cytoplasms is described. Cells were grown on commercially available plastic Leighton coverslips and these were centrifuged in the presence of cytochalasin B. The centrifugation requires no special holders and only a high speed centrifuge. Enucleation frequencies of greater than 90% were obtained for Chinese hamster fibroblasts and mouse B-82 cells. PMID- 7018027 TI - An apparatus for measuring volumes of small objects. AB - An apparatus for measuring volumes of small objects such as tissue blocks is described. The apparatus measures volumes by fluid displacement and consists of a micropipette adapted to fit the month of an Erlenmeyer flask, a Luer adaptor fused to the side of the flask, and a glass syringe. When assembled with fluid enclosed, the fluid rises to a low level in the micropipette. Withdrawal of fluid into the syringe lowers the fluid level below the mouth of the flask. The micropipette is raised, the object to be measured is placed in the flask, and the micropipette is joined to the flask again. Fluid returned to the flask from the syringe rises to a higher level in the micropipette. The difference between the two fluid levels equals the volume of the object measured. This apparatus gives reproducible measurements and can be calibrated for absolute volume determination. It is inexpensive to construct and easy to use. PMID- 7018028 TI - Egg yolk embedding for frozen whole brain sections. PMID- 7018029 TI - [Dentists' freedom to effect a cure since the 1869 trade ordinance and dentists' battles with their competitors. I. Preliminary comment and the decontrol of dentistry for everyone]. PMID- 7018030 TI - [Scientific bases and practical use of the 1-piece cast bridge]. PMID- 7018031 TI - [Experience in organizing autopsy material processing by the rapid embedding of objects in paraffin]. PMID- 7018032 TI - In memoriam John Marquis Converse, M.D. (1909-1981). PMID- 7018033 TI - A new congenic strain LEW.C4H with a weak H-locus. PMID- 7018034 TI - The recombinant RT1r6 haplotype of the LEW.1WR2 rat strain. PMID- 7018035 TI - An attempt to obtain recombinants in the RT1.A region in rats. PMID- 7018036 TI - Helminths in the induction of cancer II. Schistosoma haematobium and bladder cancer. AB - This article reviews the association between bilharziasis and bladder cancer. Cancer of the bladder is a well documented sequelae of chronic infection with Schistosoma haematobium. Bilharzial bladder cancer is a major cause of morbidity in many countries; it remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer of Egyptian men. Bilharzial tumors may be differentiated from non-bilharzial tumors by their younger age of onset, greater male/female ratio, pathology and clinical presentation. Bladder tumors have been successfully induced in animals exposed to S. haematobium cercariae. Dietary nitrosamines may exacerbate the induction of bladder cancer in the presence of S. haematobium. The exact mechanism of bilharzial bladder carcinogenesis remains unknown. PMID- 7018038 TI - Chloroquine sensitivity of isolates of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to in vitro culture. AB - Thirteen isolates of Plasmodium falciparum obtained from cases of malaria imported into the Netherlands and established in culture were tested for their sensitivity to chloroquine. Reproducibility of the test results depended on the exposure of a standardized number of parasites in culture to the drug. The maximum activity of chloroquine was obtained when medium with the drug was added to parasite cultures twice at 24 hour intervals. The result of drug action over a period of 48 hours was estimated best when parasites were counted 72 hours after the commencement of the test. Sensitivity to chloroquine could not provide a basis for the characterisation of strains. PMID- 7018037 TI - Immunodiagnosis of recently acquired Schistosoma mansoni infection. A comparison of various immunological techniques. AB - A group of Dutch tourists, who became infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia, was investigated in a serological follow-up study, during 8-50 weeks after infection. The following immunodiagnostic tests were applied: (1) the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test, both on frozen sections of adult worms, and in a modification for the detection of antibodies against gut-associated polysaccharide antigens; (2) the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with as antigens: adult worm antigens (AWA), cercarial antigens (CA), soluble egg antigens (SEA), and the purified antigens CAA and MSA1; (3) the defined antigen substrate spheres system with AWA as antigen in an immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase modification; (4) the indirect haemagglutination reaction with AWA; and (5) the immunoelectrophoresis with AWA and antigens of the intermediate host. With these techniques it could be shown that in all persons which had been in contact with S. mansoni infected water, also in those not excreting schistosome eggs or not showing clinical symptoms of infection, specific anti schistosome antibodies were present. No false-negative reactions were found with the ELISA with cercarial antigens, MSA1, or AWA-TCA, with the IFA detecting gut associated polysaccharide antigens and with the immunoelectrophoresis. The highest titres were observed with the two techniques (IFA and ELISA) detecting antibodies against the gut-associated polysaccharide antigen CAA. PMID- 7018039 TI - Cell and cell-free transplantation experiments with a mouse reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - Quantitative cellular assays of the transplantability of 19 spontaneous reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) of the BC3F1 mouse were carried out by injecting serial dilutions of monodispersed cells into syngeneic hosts through the intravenous, intracranial and subcutaneous routes. A clear relationship was found between the size of the inoculum and the incidence of tumour takes by all routes, but even for inocula of 5 million cells only 13 tumors grew in one or more of the transplanted recipients. The intravenous route of injection was found to be the most effective, both in terms of the absolute number of tumor takes and the number of cells necessary to produce a given level of takes. The survival of the animals injected intravenously was related to the number of cells received in that earlier deaths occurred with the most concentrated cell suspensions. Attempts to transmit the tumor by cell-free extracts injected into newborn or 1 month-old syngeneic hosts failed to substantiate the possible presence of a specific leukemogenic agent. PMID- 7018041 TI - [Paramedical training in Tunisia. The Avicenna Professional School of Public Health in Tunis]. PMID- 7018040 TI - [Mandibular reconstruction immediately following interruptive resection of the mandible]. PMID- 7018042 TI - [Progestasert and copper-T. A prospective, randomized clinical study of 2 coil types]. PMID- 7018043 TI - [Psychoses and meditation]. PMID- 7018044 TI - [Renal transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients]. PMID- 7018045 TI - [Recurrence of Goodpasture's syndrome after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7018046 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation. 1. Treatment of medullary aplasias]. PMID- 7018047 TI - [The role of the HLA system in transfusion and bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7018048 TI - Local inhibition of the fibrinolytic system in patients with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - The effect or oral tranexamic acid on massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was evaluated in a randomized double-blind study. Totally 50 patients entered the trial and seven were excluded, leaving 22 placebo treated and 21 tranexamic acid treated for analysis. The groups were comparable regarding sex, age, diagnosis, and initial laboratory data. Transfusions requirements and operation frequency did not differ. Mortality was slightly reduced and death delayed in tranexamic acid treated patients. PMID- 7018049 TI - Significance, importance and equality--three basic concepts in the analysis of a difference. AB - By means of data from fictitious cross over trials, it is first demonstrated that a statistically significant difference is not necessarily of a practically important order of magnitude. This fact is of special interest when the number of observations is large. Second, a statistically non significant difference does not prove the hypothesis about equality between, say, treatment effects. This fact is of special interest when the number of observations is small. For investigating whether equality is plausible, confidence intervals are more useful than non significant results from tests of significance. PMID- 7018050 TI - Preoperative radiotherapy for bladder cancer. A perspective. PMID- 7018051 TI - Cinoxacin in therapy of urinary tract infections. Comparison of two dosage regimens. AB - TWo dosage regimens of cinoxacin, 250 mg. four times a day (QID) versus 500 mg. twice a day (BID), were compared for efficacy and safety in the treatment of initial and recurrent urinary tract infections. Patient dosage assignments were by a random table. Analysis of the 91 evaluable adult patients showed no difference between the two regimens, each group having 98 per cent bacteriologic cures at the five-to-nine-day post-therapy culture. The incidence of side effects was low and mild in degree. PMID- 7018052 TI - Prevention of autoimmunization to spermatozoa by passive antibody. AB - The objective of this investigation was to determine if sperm antibody formation after vasectomy in guinea pigs can be inhibited by passive administration of antiserum to spermatozoa. Sperm antibody was obtained by bleeding vasectomized guinea pigs which had sperm-agglutinating antibody titers of 1 : 16 or higher. Gamma globulin was obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Vasectomized guinea pigs were injected with immune gamma globulin and normal gamma globulin for a period of two weeks after vasectomy. In the group receiving normal gamma globulin the serum titer of sperm-agglutinating antibody reached 1 : 32 and remained at that level for duration of the study. In guinea pigs receiving immune gamma globulin detectable serum titers of sperm-agglutinating antibody did not develop. The investigation suggests that sperm antibody formation can be prevented by treating vasectomized animals with passive sperm antibody to spermatozoa. PMID- 7018053 TI - Effect of zinc therapy on sexual dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7018054 TI - Antithrombogenicity of UK-immobilized polymer surfaces. PMID- 7018056 TI - The effect of dialysate sodium concentration on body fluid distribution during hemodialysis. PMID- 7018055 TI - Lack of blood glucose control in hemodialyzed and renal transplantation diabetics. PMID- 7018057 TI - Platelet preservation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with prostaglandin (PGE1) and prostacyclin (PGI2). PMID- 7018058 TI - Development of an artificial beta cell suitable for animal implantation. PMID- 7018059 TI - Development of a low cost, portable open-loop insulin delivery system. PMID- 7018062 TI - Association of American Physicians. PMID- 7018061 TI - Panel conference. Cadaver transplantation versus hemodialysis. PMID- 7018060 TI - Plasma thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in sheep partial cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7018063 TI - Correction of increased prostacyclin production in Bartter's syndrome by indomethacin. PMID- 7018064 TI - Insulin in the extrapancreatic tissues of guinea pigs differs markedly from the insulin in their pancreas and plasma. PMID- 7018065 TI - Insulin-induced hyperpolarization as a transducer of insulin action: response within one second. AB - We are testing the hypothesis that hyperpolarization is a transducer of insulin action. We listed three criteria that must be met if the hypothesis is to be demonstrated to be correct. So far, questions based on the first two of these criteria have been subjected to test. We have answered, in part, the second condition: electrically-produced hyperpolarization in the absence of insulin was insulinomimetic insofar as it increased specific D-glucose transport. Now we have addressed the first criterion. Insulin-induced hyperpolarization can occur in less than 1 sec, a response more rapid than any other reported effect of insulin. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperpolarization is a transducer of insulin action. PMID- 7018066 TI - Collagens stimulate the production of mononuclear cell factor (MCF) and prostaglandins (PGE2) by human monocytes. PMID- 7018067 TI - Mathematical studies on the chronicization of viral hepatitis. Note II. Evolution equations of the overall indicators reflecting the state of the infected liver tissue and their use for prognosis and treatment optimization. PMID- 7018068 TI - Mathematical studies on the chronicization of viral hepatitis. Note I. Overall indicators reflecting the state of the infected liver tissue and their use for the automated diagnosis of acute and chronic liver diseases. PMID- 7018070 TI - [Aerosol therapy in acute respiratory diseases (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7018069 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment principles in sepsis]. PMID- 7018071 TI - [Differential elective medium for isolating enterobacteria]. PMID- 7018072 TI - [Antimicrobial underwear]. PMID- 7018073 TI - [Effect of multiple bone marrow exfusions on the donor's body]. PMID- 7018074 TI - [The development of medical kits in the wartime air force]. PMID- 7018075 TI - [Sensitivity of 3d generation tests in the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigens]. PMID- 7018076 TI - [Various aspects of the treatment of psoriatic arthropathy]. PMID- 7018078 TI - [Current problems in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7018077 TI - [Use of levamisole in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7018079 TI - [Methods of determining the mineral substance content in food products]. PMID- 7018080 TI - [Carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in food products]. PMID- 7018081 TI - Overview, history, evaluation and future developments of the AutoGrouper 16-C. AB - This paper presents an overview and history of the Technicon blood-grouping machine from the first single-channel AutoAnalyser of 1963 through to the new, fully automated AutoGrouper 16-C. The report includes an analysis of facts drawn from a detailed evaluation of the AutoGrouper 16-C including its installation, performance, reliability, simplicity of operation, detection of irregular antibodies, syphilis screening, use of reagents and a brief cost analysis. PMID- 7018082 TI - Immunochemistry of the Lewis blood-group system. III. Studies on the molecular basis of the Lex property. AB - The antigen specificities of different anti-Lex sera were examined by immunoadsorption studies using adsorbents with well-defined carbohydrate units covalently bound to an inorganic matrix (Synsorb, Chembiomed). In contrast to those of normal anti-Lea and anti-Leb sera, the antibody binding site of Lex antibodies was found to be considerably smaller, comprising merely the structure Fuc alpha leads to 4GlcNAc--R. Based on this property, homogeneously recting Lex antibodies could be isolated from heterogeneous anti-Lea + b + x sera by means of affinity chromatography of Fuc alpha leads to 4GlcNAc-Synsorb. When the serological reactivity of the purified Lex antibodies against a Lea-active glycolipid isolated from human plasma was compared with that of normal anti-Lea serum using haemagglutination inhibition and quantitative passive haemagglutination tests, evidence was obtained that the Lex character of cord blood erythrocytes is not based on the existence of a separate Lex antigen, but rather on the ability of the anti-Lex antibodies to react already with traces of Lea substance present on fetal erythrocytes, not detectable by normal anti-Lea agglutinins. PMID- 7018083 TI - Elution of blood group antibodies from red cells. AB - By slowly lowering the surface tension of the aqueous medium through the admixture of 47.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and by raising the pH to 9, complete elution of A, D, and K antibodies from sensitized erythrocytes (RBC) could be achieved. The eluates comprising the antibodies were subjected to dialysis to remove the DMSO and to neutralize the pH, and to ultrafiltration to remove the excess water. Recovery of a sizeable proportion of the eluted RBC (of blood groups A and K) proved possible by slow and careful removal of the DMSO with phosphate-buffered saline containing 2% BSA. PMID- 7018084 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]. PMID- 7018085 TI - [Calcium antagonists]. PMID- 7018086 TI - [Our experience with the dispensary observation and treatment of kidney transplant patients]. AB - The authors report the results from the follow-up of 14 patients with transplanted kidney, three out of them with a lethal end--mycotic sepsis--1, purulent peritonitis--1 and of transplant lung-syndrome--1. The rest (11-78,5%) were in a good condition during 1 year and 8 months to 6,5 years (an average of 4 years and 10 days by April 30, 1980). Eleven of the patients had their transplantations performed by Prof. Sumakov--Prof. Levizkii in Moscow and three- by Prof. Hamburger, Prof. Crosnier, Prof. Lacomb in Necker Hospital, Paris. During the follow-up period those 14 patients had the following complications: 15 acute crises of rejection, successfully coped, with residual phenomena in 4 of them; 10--uroinfections, 7--other infections, one mycotic sepsis and one purulent peritonitis with a lethal end; three with epidermic hepatitis, one--Herpes zoster, two bronchopneumonias, one perinephritis, 6--with arterial hypertension that necessitated binephrectomy in two, three patients with steroid diabetes- cured, four with aseptic osteonecrosis of the head of the femur, necessitating prosthesis of the femoral joint in one patient, 5--with surgical complications, corrected at the transplantation centers. Furthermore, one case with transplant lung-syndrome, successfully restored to health as reported by the authors. All those 11 patients with transplantations are in good health (one with a chronic rejection crisis) and 8 of them--work. The authors stress upon the follow-up of the renal patients with transplantation as an important step, consolidating the remote results of renal transplantation. PMID- 7018087 TI - [New approach to the diagnosis and classification of diabetes]. PMID- 7018090 TI - [Remarks on the interpretation of the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7018089 TI - [Tytus Chalubinski in the eyes of contemporary men of letters and the arts]. PMID- 7018091 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia in a ten-year-old girl (author's transl)]. AB - A 10-year-old girl suffering from post-hepatitic aplastic anaemia received 21 x 10(10) (5 x 10(8)/kg body weight) nucleated cells from her brother, whose HLA typing, but not his blood group, was identical with the patient's. Conditioning had been carried out with cyclophosphamide according to the Seattle protocol (50 mg/kg body weight on four successive days). On day 9 she showed signs of early engraftment by the appearance of granulocytes and their precursor cells in the peripheral blood. The new blood group of the patient's erythrocytes and the male karyotype of her leucocytes demonstrate successful engraftment. The child is now in excellent health 18 months after transplantation and requires no treatment of any kind. This paper reports the first bone-marrow transplantation in Austria. PMID- 7018088 TI - Thrombosis: its role and prevention in cardiovascular events-Part II. PMID- 7018092 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency--considerations and experiences concerning prophylaxis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Demonstration and discussion of a therapeutic conception in the treatment of traumatic shock. The empirical basis of the conception corroborated by recent experimental and clinical investigations and the results obtained in a large and representative number of patients are presented. PMID- 7018093 TI - In recognition of...early black women physicians. PMID- 7018094 TI - The cervical cap: past and current experience. AB - In the past several years, a new trend has emerged where women in increasingly growing numbers are becoming hesitant to accept the risks associated with hormonal and invasive methods of birth control. It is as part of this trend that a revival of sorts is occurring with the cervical cap, a form of birth control with roots which precede recorded history and which, in its modern form, was widely advocated in late 19th and early 20th century Europe. Based on the principle of occlusion, the cervical cap appears effective and risk-free, both vital concerns to women of all centuries. Women's health activists and organizations have been in the forefront of this revival. Two of the first organizations to take an active interest in making the cap available were the New Hampshire Feminist Health Center in Concord, New Hampshire, and the Emma Goldman Women's Health Clinic in Iowa City, Iowa. The National Women's Health Network, a national organization based in Washington, D.C., has also been an active advocate on the cervical cap's behalf. PMID- 7018095 TI - "The foolmaster who fooled them". AB - Throughout the nineteenth century, physicians assumed the major task of analyzing and warning against quackery and unorthodoxy. The nature of this criticism is described, with key reliance on Worthington Hooker's Lessons from the History of Medical Delusions (1850). Most physicians viewed prospects for suppressing quackery more hopefully than Hooker did. Even he, however, would be shocked that delusion could persist so stubbornly despite advancing medical science, expanding education, and increasing regulation. Many factors help explain today's continuing-even burgeoning-quackery. These include a less cheerful view of both human nature and of the future, widespread skepticism about the fruits for science, impatience with governmental regulation, the vogue for self-help in health, increasing promotional sophistication on the part of unorthodox health vendors, and cooperation among various wings of unorthodoxy to maximize political pressure. Examples are given. Champions of alternative therapies predict their triumph over orthodox medical science in the contest being waged for the allegiance of the public. PMID- 7018096 TI - Virus envelope acquisition of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in vitro. AB - There have been several reports concerned with the replication and morphogenesis of insect baculoviruses during the past decade [1--7]. While there is general agreement as to the assembly of the virus on the basis of electron microscopic studies, there are still questions regarding the details of the replicative mechanisms, such as the acquisition of the virus envelope. Three possible ways have been proposed to describe envelope formation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus: (i) acquisition of budding through the nuclear membrane; (ii) acquisition of budding through the plasma membrane, and (iii) de novo formation within the nucleus. This paper briefly describes the observations made on the acquisition of a virus envelope by the cotton bollworm virus (Heliothis armigera), a nuclear polyhedrosis virus, in primary hemocyte cultures. Swirling hair-like clusters, hitherto unreported, were observed in association with virogenic stroma and nucleocapsids in the nuclei of infected cells. It is postulated that the formation of the hair-like structure may be involved in the process of envelopment of the virus. PMID- 7018097 TI - Moses Maimonides: rabbi or medicine. AB - The great medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides was also a practicing physician who contributed a number of important works to medical literature. Modern students of these treatises have made extravagant claims about Maimonides' scientific outlook and have attributed to him important discoveries and innovations. Viewed in its historical and religious content, Maimonides' medical work appears more explanatory than exploratory, though still of considerable interest to students of both the philosophy of science and the history of medicine. PMID- 7018098 TI - [Clinical aspects of the problem of hyperlipoproteinemia and age]. AB - The decisive role of the lipids for the atherogenesis is without doubt: disturbances of the fat metabolism (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) lead, like epidemiological retrospective and prospective studies, clinico-experimental data as well as results of biochemical and cell biological research show, to atherosclerotic diseases. Their prevalence increases with rising age. The hitherto assume dependence on age for cholesterol and triglycerides is first of all to be traced back to this phenomenon. In all age groups the cholesterol values should not be more than 260 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/l) and the triglycerides no more than 200 mg/dl (2.3 mmol/l). The ideal values are by far lower. Beginning with the 55th to 60th year the risk character of increased concentration of serum lipids. An improvement in the lipid diagnostics is the estimation of the cardioprotective HDL-cholesterol and the LDL/HDL-quotient, respectively. PMID- 7018099 TI - [Comparative studies on the frequency of occurrence of degenerative spinal changes in neolithic, medieval and modern man]. AB - 105 judgeable spinal columns of neolithic cultures and 11 skeletons from the 11th and 12th century were examined for the presence spondylotic and spondylarthrotic changes of the spinal column taking into consideration the intensity and frequency of affection. With nearly the same affection per individual the frequency of affection in the neolithic population showed significantly lower values with relatively more frequent changes of the cervical vertebral column of the males and greater changes of the lumbar vertebral column in females. The neolithic and medieval group possess a different dependence on age. Apart from this, the medieval group shows an anticipation of the appearance of degenerative changes by about ten years compared with examinations from modern times. The reasons of these differences are discussed. PMID- 7018100 TI - [Insulin secretion in maturity-onset- diabetes--indications for etiopathogenesis and therapy]. AB - Primary diabetes mellitus is usually subdivided into the types JOD and MOD. In MOD different insulin secretion patterns may be found. The authors have checked the frequency of the different patterns of disturbed insulin secretion in a number of 130 indiscriminate MOD-patients. It was investigated to what extent the insulin values correlated with the fasting blood glucose level. The results show that in fasting blood sugar values up to 140 mg/dl a highly different behaviour of the insulin secretion is present. In this range different etiopathogenetic clinical pictures certainly exist. With increasing blood sugar values a reduction of the insulin secretion is to be expected with increasing probability. In 24% of the patients an increase of the insulin levels in the blood after administration of glucose was missing altogether. In 96% of the patients with MOD additional stimulation by glucagon led to a significant increase of the insulin levels in the blood. As concerns treatment a still existing own insulin secretion of the patients should be assumed in those cases where the blood sugar values are only slightly elevated. It is not possible to derive the necessity of an additional treatment with sulfonylureas from the fasting blood sugar level or from the insulin values alone. PMID- 7018101 TI - [Growth hormone secretion in growth retarded children and adolescents]. AB - In 119 children and adolescents with restricted growth whose secretion of growth hormone (hGH) was investigated in the insulin hypoglycaemia test, different hGH secretion patterns were found. 52.1% of the investigated persons showed a prestimulatory stress-conditioned hGH-secretion. There were no relations to age or to sex. The hypoglycaemia-conditioned secretion of hormone following this spontaneous release has quantitatively no relation to the size of the decrease of blood sugar. However, it is also determined by the trend of secretion in the pretest-phase. Different modes of synthesis and release are the cause for this behaviour. High spontaneous hGH-levels decrease the hypoglycaemia effect of the intravenously applied insulin. In 33.9% of the cases the levels of the growth hormone are lower during the proper test phase or only as high as in the preparation time. Twelve times the poststimulatory values simulated a hyposomatotropism. The eventual importance of the secretion patterns remains up to now unclear for the longitudinal growth. PMID- 7018102 TI - [Circadian variations in insulin concentrations and blood glucose in non diabetics as well as insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetics]. AB - On the basis of the estimation of the plasma glucose and the insulin concentrations in 10-minute intervals during 24 hours by the mathematical analysis (multiple regression) over relations between the behaviour of plasma glucose and insulin concentration insulin secretion rates independent of plasma glucose can be calculated. In non-diabetics a circadian rhythm of the disposal of insulin - independent of food - is established. Thus the secretion rate increases in the early morning hours still before before the first meal and is maintained in different size up to nearly 18 o'clock. Then it established itself to the level of the nocturnal basal rate. Adequate changes of the insulin need during night are proved in diabetics without endogenic residual insulin secretion by means of the artificial B-cell Biostator. The circadian rhythm of the disposal of insulin take place parallel with adequate changes of other biological parameters and is of importance for the practice of the conventional insulin therapy as well as in the future use of non-measuring value-regulated insulin infusions (open loop system). PMID- 7018103 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids, insulin and a growth promoting tripeptide on the biosynthesis of plasma proteins in serum-free hepatocyte cultures. AB - The effect of cortisol, dexamethasone, insulin and a liver cell growth promoting tripeptide on the secretion of plasma proteins into the medium of rat hepatocytes in monolayer cultures was studied. Cortisol and dexamethasone resulted in equal to or approximately 2.5-fold increase in the fibrinogen synthesis with general suppression of albumin and alpha-lipoprotein synthesis. On the other hand, insulin inhibited the biosynthesis of most plasma proteins except for the complement system and transferrin. Concentrations of alpha-lipoprotein, alpha-1 macroglobulin and haptoglobin were moderately elevated when the tripeptide Gly His-Lys was applied in low concentration. PMID- 7018104 TI - [Comparative electron microscope studies on the kinetoplast morphology of bat trypanosomes and Trypanosoma cruzi (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative studies on the ultrastructural morphology of kinetoplasts of trypanosomes belonging to the subgenus Schizotrypanum have been made. Three isolates of Trypanosoma vespertilionis and two strains of Trypanosoma dionisii derived from European bats were tested. Comparison was made also with two isolates from Brasilian bats characterized as T. cruzi and two strains which were derived from two patients suffering from Chagas' disease. In the epimastigote culture form of T. cruzi a typical configuration of kDNA becomes obvious, appearing as a central band at the beginning of cell division. It was investigated whether this morphological character can be used in differentiating between bat-trypanosomes and T. cruzi and on the species characterization of bat trypanosomes. The central band of kDNA could be demonstrated in all cases of the trypanosomes examined. The special configuration of kDNA makes it possible to distinguish exactly between trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum and other trypanosomes. Nevertheless this pecularity alone is not sufficient for characterizing species of that subgenus. PMID- 7018105 TI - [History of naturopathy (I). Naturism as the philosophical basis of naturopathy. Introduction: what do we mean by naturopathy?]. PMID- 7018106 TI - [House dust mite allergy and allergic bronchial asthma (II). Clinical aspects of house dust mite allergy and specific therapy in sensitization against house dust mites]. PMID- 7018107 TI - [Bioenergetic aspects of the study of protein amino acid composition]. PMID- 7018108 TI - [Glycoproteins of bacterial membranes: their structure and function]. PMID- 7018109 TI - [Regulation of lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzyme spectra in vertebrate tissues]. PMID- 7018110 TI - [Immunological properties of tumor cells that determine the degree of their malignancy]. PMID- 7018112 TI - [Members of the German Society for Heart and Circulation Research]. PMID- 7018111 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot, right aortic arch and isolation of the left subclavian artery. PMID- 7018113 TI - [Acute cardiac death. Importance of electrophysiological methods of stimulation]. PMID- 7018115 TI - [Characteristics of the tetracycline operon of vector plasmids during the cloning of DNA fragments]. PMID- 7018114 TI - [Cloning inner fragments of adenovirus DNA]. PMID- 7018116 TI - [50th anniversary of the Lenin Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training]. PMID- 7018117 TI - [History of the discovery of rhythmic electrical processes in the brain]. PMID- 7018118 TI - [30 years of the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, USSR Academy of Sciences]. PMID- 7018119 TI - Hematologic values of the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall. 1758) using sublingual blood samples. Short communication. PMID- 7018120 TI - [The removable denture. Results of an inquiry. I. The complete denture]. PMID- 7018122 TI - [Rotating handpiece with internal cooling]. PMID- 7018121 TI - Comparative study of several culture media to determine coliforms and E. coli in dairy and cocoa products. AB - Five culture media have been evaluated for the detection of coliforms, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae in several varieties of dairy products (fresh and dehydrated) and dehydrated cocoa products. Those media were: Brilliant green bile, Lauryl sulfate tryptone, Lactose glutamic acid, Enteric Enrichment broth, and Lactose broth. The medium with the highest sensitivity to coliforms detection was Lactose glutamic acid broth. Several times Brilliant green bile, Lactose or Enteric Enrichment broth were significantly less sensitive than the other two media. Except once, when it was significantly better, Lauryl sulfate broth was not significantly different from the other media. False positive results were most frequently found during the examination of dairy products with Lactose glutamic acid and Lactose broth, consequently confirmation reactions have to be carried out when these media are used. Frequently, Enteric Enrichment broth was less satisfactory for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae than the other media used. All five media showed more coliforms after 48 h than after 24 h of incubation at 30 degrees C. Whenever a significant difference existed in the sensitivity to determine E. coli, Lactose glutamic acid broth was significantly better than the other media. PMID- 7018124 TI - [Refilling of bone defects after taking out of bone transplants (author's transl)]. AB - The author recommends to refill the donor defect by preserved allogeneic cancellous bone chips. In this way much more autogenous material for grafting can be gained. At the site of the taking out a restitutio ad integrum will take place. This procedure has been practised in 387 donor bone defects. Technical details and results are dealt with. PMID- 7018125 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki]. PMID- 7018126 TI - [Persistence of L-forms of plague bacteria in experimental animals]. PMID- 7018123 TI - [Therapy of posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Present state (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1977 and 1979 a total of 79 patients with osteomyelitis were seen at the Surgical Dept. of the Greifswald-University. 144 operations were performed, 93 to cure infections, 17 for stabilisation of bones (preferably by "Fixateur externe", 34 for closure of bone and soft tissue defects. Special attention is devoted to transplantation of autologous cancellous bone chips, crossleg-flaps and splitskin grafts for secondary wound cover. PMID- 7018128 TI - [Historical preeminence of Soviet epidemiology in the theory and practice of infectious disease prevention]. PMID- 7018127 TI - [Expression of plasmid R6K in a cell-free coupled transcription-translation system]. AB - The modified method for obtaining E. coli extract S 30 for the coupled transcription--translation system is described. The extract treated with immobilized DNAase and micrococcal nuclease had the minimal endogenous protein synthesis and high activity in respect to exogenous DNA matrices. The synthesis of 9-12 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 14,000 to 178,000 daltons was shown to occur in this system in the presence of the DNA of R6K plasmid. The use of the modification of Novick's method allowed to identify active beta lactamase coded by the amp-gene of R6K plasmid. PMID- 7018129 TI - [Application of systems analysis to mathematical modeling of the growth of bacterial biomasses taking into account the effect of lipid peroxidation]. PMID- 7018130 TI - [Obtaining Shigella flexneri 2a mutants defective in utilization of certain carbon sources, their genetic and biological characteristics]. AB - Various methods, including selection by resistance to the antibiotic mecillinam have been used to obtain Sh. flexneri mutants capable of utilizing mannitol and mannose as the sources of carbon. The mutation which determines this phenotype is localized in str-spc area and cotransduced with str A gene (28-33%). The appearance of this mutation in the initial Sh. flexneri strain 516 led to a decrease in the virulence of this strain for guinea-pigs. The restoration of its properties and the partial restoration of its virulence could be detected in Mal+ hybrids obtained by crossing with E. coli strain K12- the product of this gene may participate in the regulation of the synthesis of some pathogenicity factor. PMID- 7018131 TI - [Findings on the epidemiology of listeriosis]. PMID- 7018132 TI - [Research and industrial activity of the G. N. Gabrichevskii Moscow Epidemiology and Microbiology Research Institute]. PMID- 7018133 TI - [Conglutination reaction and its significance in immunology]. PMID- 7018134 TI - [Features of the 7th cholera pandemic]. PMID- 7018136 TI - [Dynamics of viable Escherichia coli M17 cell accumulation during batch cultivation]. PMID- 7018135 TI - [Interaction between Bifidobacterium bifidum, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 204 in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic chicks]. AB - Experiments on gnotobiont chickens indicated that the strains B. bifidum 1/85 phi, P. vulgaris F-30 and K. pneumoniae 204, when introduced simultaneously into the gastrointestinal tract in a single administration, proliferate there with the pronounced predominance of bifidobacteria. 6 additional administrations of B. bifidum 1/85 phi culture resulted in the complete suppression of microorganisms belonging to the genera Rroteus and Klebsiella as early as 10 days after the introduction of bifidobacteria. These data suggest that it is necessary to use B. bifidum 1/85 phi in cases of intestinal dysbacteriosis characterized by the predominance of microorganisms belonging to the genera Proteus and Klebsiella. PMID- 7018137 TI - [Prospects for chemical modification of antigens used in the prevention and treatment of infectious and non-infectious allergic diseases]. PMID- 7018138 TI - [Etiologic structure of dysentery in Cheliabinsk and its relation to the morbidity level and bacteriologic confirmation]. PMID- 7018139 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis by different methods]. AB - The results of operative treatment of 307 patients, with lumbar osteochondrosis by means of 3 different methods allow the conclusion that operation for removal of the intervertebral disk through a posterior laminar approach because of additional destabilization should end without fail by stabilizing the segment operated on by one of the known methods or by the method suggested by the author. The author's method consists in autoplastics of the defect in the arches and the wedging of an autograft into the intervertebral space instead of the disk removed through the posterior approach. PMID- 7018140 TI - [Dandy-Walker syndrome]. PMID- 7018141 TI - [Structure-activity relationship in the enzymatic hydrolysis of dipeptide aryl amides by dipeptidyl peptidase IV]. AB - Quantitative structure activity analysis of the substrate types Ala-Ala-AR and Ala-Pro-AR containing different substituents in the aryl ring showed that the rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis of the alanine substrates by dipeptidyl peptidase IV occurs in th acylation reaction (kcat approximately k2). Probably, the tetrahedral intermediate of the acylation process has a real life time. The positive q-value of the Hammett-equation in k'cat suggests that the N-atom of the arylamide is charged more negatively in the transition state TI not equal to than in the original state TI. The analysis of the quantitative conformation activity relationship (QCAR) gives information on the steric situation in the tetrahedral intermediate of the acylation step near the transition state. The rate limiting step in the hydrolysis of the substrates of the proline type occurs in the deacylation reaction. PMID- 7018143 TI - Arterial reconstruction of the brachiocephalic trunk and the subclavian arteries. 10 years' experience with a follow-up study. AB - During a 10-year period, 60 patients were operated on for occlusive lesions in the brachiocephalic trunk and/or the subclavian arteries proximal to the vertebral artery. Angiography showed 68 occlusive lesions, of which 64 were treated surgically. Of these, 47 exhibited subclavian steal. Sixty-three reconstructive procedures were performed together with two arterial ligations (four patients were operated on bilaterally and one patient was operated on twice on the same side). There were 30 transthoracic procedures, essentially endarterectomies, and 35 supraclavicular procedures, mostly carotid-subclavian bypasses and transpositions of the subclavian artery to the common carotid artery. One patient died (1.5 per cent). Serious complications occurred in additional four cases. In the follow-up study data on all the patients were available. During the follow-up period, ranging from four to 124 months (mean 43 months) seven patients died - none of cerebral ischemia. Based on blood pressure recordings and in doubtful cases, angiography, we found a cumulated five-year patency rate of 76 per cent. Seventy per cent of the patients considered their condition after operation to be improved, 26 per cent unchanged and three per cent worsened. Twice as many patients could work after the operation as before. The cumulative survival rate was found to be somewhat lower than that of a normal population. PMID- 7018142 TI - Surgical gastro-intestinal complications in 277 renal transplantations. AB - In 277 consecutive renal transplantations, 49 of 254 patients (19%) developed a gastrointestinal complication causing a mortality rate of 29% (14/49 patients). Oesophageal, gastro-duodenal, pancreatic and ileocolonic complications are reviewed and discussed. Acute gastro-duodenal ulcerations proved to be the most common problem (45--22/49 patients). The loss of allograft in this group of 22 patients was 42% (9/22 patients). To overcome their high mortality (27%--6/22 patients) efforts were made to prevent these complications. After introduction of prophylactic surgery, mortality dropped from 4 to 2%, after systematic long-term prophylactic use of cimetidine, mortality even dropped to 0%. In this last series of 52 patients only one bleeding ulcer was seen immediately after allograft nephrectomy. Ileocolonic complications in renal transplant patients, difficult to diagnose and treat, are associated with a high morbidity and lethality. In 6 patients with colonic complications, 4 could be saved by early and aggressive surgery (67% survival rate). Two recipients developed a de novo gastrointestinal malignancy. Early, accurate, diagnosis and surgical therapy of gastro-intestinal complications after renal transplantation are directly related to the graft and/or patient survival rate. Every effort is therefore necessary to prevent these complications. PMID- 7018144 TI - Applications of cytology to forensic pathology. AB - In the practice of forensic pathology, all of the disciplines of anatomic and clinical pathology, as well as other forensic sciences, are employed for the solution of medicolegal questions and cases. This is a brief review of the current applications of cytology to forensic pathology, presented for the benefit of both cytologists and other pathologists who may be involved in forensic work. Cytologic studies employing established methods of specimen collection and preparation are used for the determination of sex in both living and dead persons, for the determination of sex and for tissue identification in trace evidence and in the documentation of some disease processes occurring in the forensic setting. Correlation of the cytologic evidence with the investigative and clinical findings is mandatory. The application of cytology to forensic pathology is both proven and practical PMID- 7018145 TI - The effects of cyproheptadine on glucose tolerance and pancreatic islets in rats. AB - The effects of cyprohepatadine (CPH) on plasma levels, of glucose, insulin and glucagon were studied in rats in order to clarify the diabetogenicity of this compound. CPH was given to the rats at a daily dose of 45 mg per kg body weight via gastric intubation for up to 20 days. Glucose intolerance appeared after 5 days of CPH treatment without significant increase in fasting glucose level. Plasma insulin response to glucose loading was depressed in the early phase of the glucose tolerance test in groups treated for 10 and 20 days. In these groups the insulinogenic index was significantly lowered. Pancreatic insulin content decreased rapidly after single dose of CPH. Plasma level and pancreatic content of glucagon were not changed by this compound. These results suggested that chronic treatment with CPH caused glucose intolerance in rats through its direct influence on pancreatic B-cell function. PMID- 7018146 TI - Diurnal profiles of intermediary metabolites in insulin-dependent diabetes and their relationship to different degrees of residual B-cell function. AB - Diurnal profiles of blood metabolites, insulin and C-peptide were measured in 18 insulin dependent diabetics with less than 2-year duration of disease. Seventeen of the 18 patients had endogenous insulin secretion. A significant inverse correlation was found between mean C-peptide and mean blood glucose. Patients with maximal C-peptide equal to or above 0.30 pmol/ml had a better degree of control evaluated from mean blood glucose in spite of being treated with less insulin compared to patients with less B-cell function. The mean concentrations of alanine, lactate, glycerol and beta-hydroxybutyrate were not different in patients with CPR equal to or above 0.30 pmol/ml compared to patients with less CPR. The highest concentration in blood hydroxybutyrate for all the patients was seen in the fasting state, and the disappearance rate of blood hydroxybutyrate after breakfast was inversely correlated with the residual B-cell function. During the study period the mean insulin concentration in the diabetics and the normals was the same, but the brisk increase in insulin concentration related to meals was decreased or lost in the diabetics. Compared to normals the mean blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glycerol were higher in the diabetics and the diurnal changes were grossly abnormal. No difference was found in alanine concentration and mean lactate concentration, but the increase in lactate seen after meals in normals was lost in the diabetics. The results confirm that other metabolites than glucose are abnormal in diabetics and that residual B-cell function has metabolic consequences for other metabolites than glucose during daily life conditions. PMID- 7018147 TI - Phagocytosis and chemotaxis of macrophages from normal and diabetic mice. AB - Experiments were designed to study the chemotaxis and phagocytic functions of mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages from normal and chronic diabetic mice. There was no difference in the total number of white blood cells (WBC's), or the total number of any one type of leukocyte (i.e., macrophage, neutrophil) migrating into the casein-induced peritoneal exudate of normal and diabetic mice. In vitro phagocytosis of heat-killed Candida albicans by peritoneal induced macrophages was also similar in both of these groups of mice. No correlation between the percent phagocytosis and blood glucose level within each group was observed. Therefore, the attenuated humoral and cellular immune response which has been previously observed in diabetes cannot be attributed to defects in chemotaxis or phagocytosis as studied using mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7018148 TI - Insulin and glucagon secretion in essential fatty acid deficient rats. AB - Insulin and glucagon secretion in response to common secretagogues were ascertained in the perfused pancreas isolated from essential fatty acid deficient rats. The pattern of insulin secretory response to glucose (16.7 mmol/L) by isolated rat pancreas perfused for 30 min was biphasic in EFA-deficient and control rat pancreas. The amplitude of glucose-stimulated acute secretion (phase I) was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in magnitude and amplitude in EFA deficient rats than in the control rats. There was no significant difference in the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the two groups. Glucagon secretion in EFA-deficient and control rats was inhibited by glucose (16.7 mmol/l). Glucagon secretion induced by L-arginine (10 mmol/l) was not significantly different in EFA-deficient and in control rat pancreata (p greater than 0.05). However, arginine (10 mmol/l)-stimulated insulin release was significantly higher in EFA-deficient than in control rats. Growth hormone (100 mumol/l)-induced glucagon and insulin secretion was variable in the two groups but significantly higher than basal secretion. The level of L-leucine (10 mmol/l) stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion in EFA-deficient rats was minimal but significant. Our results show that isolated pancreata of rats devoid of precursors for endogenous prostaglandin synthesis secreted insulin and glucagon in response to common secretagogues. On the basis of our data, it is concluded that endogenous prostaglandins are probably not obligatory for normal secretory functions of islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7018149 TI - Modulation by verapamil of insulin and glucagon secretion in man. AB - The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of acute and protracted verapamil administration on insulin and glucagon secretion in man. For this purpose, 14 normal subjects received two consecutive glucose pulses (5 g.i.v. in less than 20 sec or 20 g.i.v. in less than 1 min, 7 subjects for each group), 70 or 90 min apart, before and during an infusion of verapamil (160 microgram/min). Seven additional normal subjects received two consecutive arginine pulses (5 g i.v.), 70 min apart. In 14 inpatients with coronary heart disease, we investigated the effect of protracted verapamil administration. Seven of these subjects underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g) and the other 7 two arginine tests (30 g) before and after a 10-day treatment with verapamil, 240 mg/die p.o. divided into three doses; the last dose, 80 mg, was given orally 1 h before the performance of the post-treatment test. Verapamil significantly inhibited the acute insulin response (AIR, mean change from 3-10 min) to glucose (5 g), as well as the AIR and AGR (acute glucagon response) to arginine (5 g). By contrast, verapamil failed to alter significantly the AIR to the higher glucose pulse. There was no significant change of oral glucose tolerance after verapamil, nor was there a change in insulin response to oral glucose. By contrast, insulin and glucagon responses to arginine infusion were significantly reduced by the drug. PMID- 7018150 TI - Previous exposure to glucose enhances insulin and suppresses glucagon responses to arginine in man. AB - The effects of previous exposure to glucose on the insulin, glucagon, growth hormone and blood glucose responses to subsequent stimulation with L-arginine were investigated in normal man. During control conditions (i.e., after 120 min of saline infusion), the i.v. administration of arginine enhanced the release of all three hormones and caused a small and transient rise in blood glucose. When arginine was preceded by i.v. glucose during 0-60 min, followed by a 'rest period' of 60-120 min, the insulin release induced by the amino acid was further enhanced, glucagon and GH release were unaffected and blood glucose depressed below control levels. When arginine was preceded by a small oral glucose load (0.5 g/kg) the initial insulin response to arginine was augmented, the initial glucagon response was slightly but significantly depressed and blood glucose lowered while the growth hormone response was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: (1) a near physiological intake of glucose increases insulin and depresses glucagon secretion evoked by amino acids resulting in increased glucose disposal; (2) the modifications of the insulin and glucagon responses constitute separate components in the feed-back regulation of glucose homeostasis. PMID- 7018152 TI - [Comparison of life expectancy and life quality in chronic dialysis and renal transplant patients (author's transl)]. AB - Quality of life of patients on RDT and after renal transplantation is compared. The somatic and psychic situation and the grade of rehabilitation are discussed. PMID- 7018153 TI - Soren Jorgensen on the occasion of his 60th birthday. PMID- 7018151 TI - [Insulin and in vitro protein synthesis of isolated liver ribosomes in experimental acute uraemia (author's transl)]. AB - Liver protein synthesis was shown to be enhanced in acute experimental uraemia, when intracellular amino acids were used as substrate. Since protein synthesis also depends on substrate availability and amino acid concentration is higher in uraemic liver cells, it was of interest to investigate the in vitro protein synthesis capacity of isolated liver ribosomes in the presence of standardized amino acids with and without in vivo insulin stimulation. It was demonstrated that protein synthesis capacity of isolated liver ribosomes remains unaltered in acute uraemia and can be stimulated by in vivo insulin application. Our data suggest that in acute uraemia, intracellular substrate availability plays the essential role in impaired liver protein synthesis. PMID- 7018154 TI - Neurolept anaesthesia for the renal transplant operation. AB - Between October 1973 and December 1976, neurolept anesthesia was used in 176 consecutive renal transplantations carried out in 155 patients. For premedication, the combination either of droperidol, diazepam and atropine or of oxicon and scopolamine was used; the latter was found to be more effective. The induction agent was droperidol or thiomebumal sodium, the barbiturate being found to be preferable. For maintenance, nitrous oxide and fentanyl were employed. Pancuronium was given as a muscle relaxant. The fact that the patients belonged to a high-risk category as regards anesthesia was apparent from the frequent occurrence of abnormal features in the heart-lung radiographs (47%) and ECG (53%). As could be expected in uraemic patients, anaemia and hypertension were fairly common. Induction was followed by a marked fall in blood pressure in 30% of the patients. During anaesthesia, there was a drop in blood pressure of more than 30% of the initial value in 35% of the patients, usually associated with a blood loss. In the majority of cases the course the anaesthesia was uneventful. In four patients (2.3%), the onset of respiration was delayed and re-intubation was resorted to. One patient developed arrhythmia requiring treatment. There was no evidence of nephrotoxicity. The per- and postoperative mortality was nil. The findings in this series indicate that neurolept anaesthesia is suitable for renal transplant operation. PMID- 7018155 TI - Double-blind, multiple-dose comparison of buprenorphine and morphine in postoperative pain. AB - The analgesic profile and side-effects of buprenorphine 0.3 mg and morphine 10 mg intramuscularly were compared postoperatively in a double-blind, non-crossover, multiple-dose study. When the patient complained of moderate to severe postoperative pain after halothane-relaxant anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery, the first test dose of either drug was given. Subsequent similar doses of buprenorphine 0.3 mg or morphine 10 mg were given when required (maximum ten doses). The first dose of both drugs gave an equal decrease in pain intensity, suggesting a relative potency of 33:1 for both buprenorphine/morphine. A mean of 0.51 mg buprenorphine or 17 mg morphine had to be administered for satisfactory initial analgesia. Thereafter, the next analgesic dose was required a mean of 10.3 h after buprenorphine compared to 5.9 h after morphine (P less than 0.01). Significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer analgesic doses (mean 5.6) were needed in the buprenorphine group within the first 48 h postoperatively as compared to the morphine group (mean 7.3). A more pronounced mean decrease in the respiratory rate was observed after buprenorphine, but the mean minimum respiratory rates did not differ significantly from each other. Other effects of the two drugs on vital signs were similar. The incidence of other side-effects was fairly similar after both analgesics. The patients' subjective appraisal favoured buprenorphine. PMID- 7018156 TI - Effect of epidural analgesia on glucose tolerance during surgery. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on 12 surgical patients the day before surgery and during surgery. Six patients were anesthetized with enflurane and six were operated on during an epidural lumbar blockade (Th8-S5). In the general anaesthesia group the plasma glucose concentration was significantly higher after the intraoperative glucose load than after the preoperative load. The pre- and intraoperative glucose tolerance tests were identical in the epidural group. Pre- and intraoperative glucose disappearance rates and plasma insulin responses were similar in the two groups, indicating that the observed differences in plasma glucose were caused by differences in hepatic glucose release, rather than differences in peripheral glucose utilization. PMID- 7018158 TI - Morphology of the veins draining the coronary sinus of the dog. AB - The morphology of the superficial cardiac veins draining the coronary sinus was investigated in 47 normal adult dogs, using the injection-corrosion-fluorescence technique. The veins pertaining to the left coronary territory all drain directly to the coronary sinus and include the following vessels: the great coronary vein and its tributaries, the left posterior atrial and ventricular veins. The veins pertaining to the right coronary territory include the posterior interventricular vein and the small cardiac vein. A comparison with the human pattern was made, particularly regarding the number of interventricular septal branches and it was suggested that such a reduction in number in the dog could be due to a take-over from the Thebesian veins in the venous drainage of the interventricular septum. PMID- 7018157 TI - Scanning-electron microscopy studies of 'ground substance' in the cement lines, resting lines, hypercalcified rings and reversal lines of human cortical bone. AB - Adult human cortical bone was decalcified and stained with Harris's hematoxylin, which has a strong affinity for cement lines, resting lines, hypercalcified rings and reversal lines. Small pieces of bone tissue containing these morphological entities were then dissected and manipulated mechanically so as to disrupt them partially. Scanning electron microscopy of these regions of interest revealed the presence of relatively large concentrations of amorphous 'ground substance' which was morphologically distinguishable from the fibrous collagen fiber bundles located in the adjoining collagen-rich lamellae. The methodology used in this study confirms the existence of the above-mentioned regions as true morphological entities and also makes possible enzymatic studies designed to identify the major biochemical components constituting the observed 'ground substance'. PMID- 7018159 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Exsudate and cellular infiltrates in the spinal cord of Lewis rats. AB - Classical acute allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was provoked in Lewis rats with bovine spinal cord (BWM) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). An efficient immunohistologic technique (peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) was used to trace exsudates of fibrinogen and immunoglobulin as well as their coexistence with cellular infiltrates and clinical signs. Exsudation was restricted to the vessels exhibiting cellular infiltrates. The findings do not lend support to the assumption that exsudation of circulating factors is the initial local event in EAE. It also remains open, whether the exsudation of fibrinogen and gamma globulin are responsible for the clinical symptoms. PMID- 7018160 TI - Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in uterine fluid with special reference to IUD-users. PMID- 7018161 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin--complexation and inactivation in the uterine fluid of IUD users. AB - Electrophoretic homogeneity of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was studied in the uterine fluid from two groups of normal women; one group was comprised of IUD users, the other non-users. Alpha 1-AT was found in its free and active form in non-users. In IUD-users, one fraction was complexed by granulocyte elastase and neutral proteinase. The other fraction had the same electrophoretic mobility as the native inhibitor, but was inactive, as determined from trypsin inhibition studies. This may explain the finding of elastase activity together with non complexed alpha 1-AT in some samples from IUD-users. It is concluded that uterine fluid in IUD-users possess a minimal, if any, proteinase inhibiting potential. Non-inhibited activity of granulocyte proteinases in the uterine cavity may influence hemostasis of the endometrium. PMID- 7018162 TI - The placenta in intrauterine fetal deprivation. I. The biochemical profile of placentas from cases of intrauterine growth-retarded gestation of toxemic and non toxemic origin. PMID- 7018163 TI - Dosage of insulin during delivery and the immediate post-partum period in pregnant diabetics. AB - Several different principles have been presented for treatment of the pregnant diabetic in connection with labor. There is, however, a lack of documentation of blood glucose levels in the immediate post-partum period. On the day of delivery and on the 2 following days, 55 diabetics were given one daily injection of an intermediate-acting insulin, irrespective of the mode of delivery. The amount of insulin given was one-third of the total dose on the day before delivery. From 07.00 hours on the day of delivery, blood-glucose levels were determined every fourth hour for 48 hours. This insulin dosage gave a satisfactory control of glycemia with a low incidence of hypoglycemia and additional insulin was very seldom required. PMID- 7018164 TI - A double-blind study of the value of treatment with a single dose tinidazole of partners to females with trichomoniasis. AB - Tinidazole 2 g single oral dose was given to 137 females with positive trichomonal cultures. On a random basis the same dose of tinidazole was given to half the sexual partners, and matching placebo to the other half. One to two weeks after treatment 5 females had positive cultures, indicating a primary cure rate of 96.4%. At an average of 2 months after treatment and 6 weeks after resuming sexual activity, 118 females were reexamined; 17 had a positive culture, giving an overall relapse rate of 14.4%. The relapse rate with tinidazole-treated partner was 5.1%, and with placebo-treated partner 23.7% (p equals 0.01). The definitive cure rate after a single dose of tinidazole 2 g was in females with treated partner 91.8% and with untreated partner 72.6%. It is concluded that a single dose of tinidazole is an effective treatment for females with trichomoniasis but to avoid relapse it is necessary to treat the sexual partner too. PMID- 7018166 TI - Stimulation of labor in cases of premature rupture of the membranes at or near term. A consecutive randomized study of prostaglandin E2-tablets and intravenous oxytocin. AB - Prostaglandin E2-tablets were compared to intravenous oxytocin for the stimulation of labor in 201 patients at or near term, with premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes without labor activity for 6 hours after the escape of fluid. The patients were randomly allocated; 99 were treated with PGE2-tablets (0.5-1.5 mg/hr) and 102 with intravenous oxytocin (7.5-45 mIU/min). The treatment was ineffective in the PGE2 group in 3 cases; these were treated successfully with intravenous oxytocin. In the oxytocin group, 3 patients were delivered by cesarean section for reasons not associated with the drug. A significant difference was found in the stimulation-delivery time, in favor of intravenous oxytocin. Although PGE2 tablets are a safe and convenient alternative to intravenous oxytocin, the investigation showed that intravenous oxytocin is preferable in cases of premature rupture of the membranes with more than 6 hours without labor activity. PMID- 7018165 TI - Effectivity and acceptability of oral contraceptives containing natural and artificial estrogens in combination with a gestagen. A controlled double-blind investigation. AB - With the purpose of investigating effectivity and acceptability of an oral contraceptive containing micronized natural estrogens (estradiol-17 beta 4 mg + estriol 2 mg/norethisterone acetate 3 mg per tablet) versus a contraceptive containing artificial estrogen (ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms/ norethisterone acetate 3 mg per tablet), a controlled double-blind investigation was performed in 111 young women. The investigation was designed for 12 cycles. The tablets were given consecutively for 3 weeks with 1 week's interruption. In the natural estrogen group 57 women completed 504 cycles, in the artificial estrogen group 54 women completed 510 cycles (Table 1). No pregnancies occurred. There were highly significantly more terminations due to bleeding irregularities (p less than 0.001), and highly significantly more spotting (p less than 0.001), breakthrough (p less than 0.001) and amenorrhea (p less than 0.001) episodes in the natural estrogen group (Tables II and III). Bleeding irregularities on natural estrogens did not subside during the trial (Table IV). There were a few more psychiatric and CNS symptoms on natural estrogen (p less than 0.05), but other side effects did not differ between the two preparations (Table V). Blood pressure and weight did not vary significantly. Despite documented metabolic advantages, the natural estrogen tablet investigated was not found to be clinically acceptable for general usage because of the high incidence of bleeding irregularities. It is conceivable that a change of the estrogen/gestagen ratio, using a variable 3-week schedule, would reduce the number of bleeding irregularities. PMID- 7018167 TI - Skeletal complications in the renal transplant recipient. A clinical study. PMID- 7018168 TI - Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma in two diabetic children. AB - Two diabetic children with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma were treated successfully. In one of the patients, plasma-free fatty acids, insulin, C-peptide and two lipolytic hormones (growth hormone and cortisol) were measured serially during the coma. Free fatty acids, insulin, C-peptide, growth hormone and cortisol levels were within normal ranges and subsequently these levels did not change significantly. The results suggest that the normal levels of lipolytic hormones may account for the normal plasma free fatty acids and the absence of ketosis found in children with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, in contrast to the elevated levels of lipolytic hormones and ketone bodies in ketoacidotic diabetic coma. PMID- 7018169 TI - Diazepam rectal solution for home treatment of acute seizures in children. AB - To gain clinical experience of treating acute convulsions in children with diazepam rectal solution, 17 epileptic children with prolonged convulsions were treated at home. The drug was used 65 times. On 2/3 of all occasions the seizure was interrupted in less than 15 min. A starting dose of 0.5 mg/kg is recommended, with a maximum of 20 mg per single dose. One patient had respiratory difficulties, one dizziness and two skin reactions. PMID- 7018170 TI - Distribution of lactoferrin in human fetal tissues. AB - We used an immunoperoxidase method to study the distribution of lactoferrin in seven human fetuses from 11 to 21 weeks of age. Lactoferrin was found in mononuclear cells, presumably granulocytes, in various organs from thirteen weeks of gestation onwards. In addition to the liver, spleen, lung and thymus, lactoferrin-positive mononuclear cells were also found close to vessel walls in human pancreas in fetuses more than 20 weeks old. This finding might suggest that there is significant granulopoiesis in the pancreas at this stage of maturation. In addition to the mononuclear cells, lactoferrin could be found in Hassal's corpuscles of the thymus from 13 weeks and in glandular cells of the tongue from 20 weeks onwards. The present results are in good agreement with the maturation of humoral and cellular acquired immunity and the onset of synthesis of lysozyme and interferon. PMID- 7018171 TI - Early detection of bacteremia by peripheral blood smears in critically ill newborns. PMID- 7018172 TI - Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol levels during physical exercise in essential hypertension. AB - Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol levels, as well as renal blood flow were studied in borderline and established hypertensive patients and in healthy control subjects at rest and following graded dynamic upright exercise. Resting plasma renin activity was elevated in established hypertension, renal blood flow at rest was decreased in patients with borderline hypertension but its per cent decrease during exercise was similar in all groups. Following exercise, plasma renin activity increased in all groups but a step-wise increase with graded exercise occurred only in borderline hypertension. Resting plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were similar in all groups. In the hypertension patients physical exercise was associated with disproportional changes of plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels. Plasma cortisol displayed patterns which were roughly similar to those or aldosterone in the control group an in established hypertension, but not in the borderline group, where the most pronounced increased of aldosterone level was associated with the lowest level of cortisol. It is concluded that the physiological response of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system to physical exercise is altered in essential hypertension. PMID- 7018173 TI - Prevention/treatment of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic movement associated with long-term neuroleptic treatment. The syndrome depends on 1. predisposing factors, especially high age and an unknown constitutional vulnerability, and 2. a postsynaptic dopamine receptor hypersensitivity and/or a cholinergic hypofunction developed during prolonged antidopaminergic (neuroleptic) treatment. TE is easily kept in check by continued and intensified neuroleptic treatment, which on the other hand presumably involves an aggravation of the underlying pathological process. On this account the importance of prevention can hardly be exaggerated. The most important prophylactic measures are: 1. narrowing the field of indications for the use of neuroleptics, 2. taking particular measures in predisposed subjects, 3. limiting the antidopaminergic influence by the use of neuroleptics with slight striatal antidopaminergic effect, lowest possible dose, shortest possible time of treatment, as well as increased intervals, and 4. paying close attention to the possible development of TD (early detection). The significance of anticholinergics is still not clarified. Apparently anticholinergics accentuate TD at the time of treatment, with contributing to the development of the underlying primary defect. PMID- 7018174 TI - [Indicator dilution in a complex tubing system as an experimental flow model]. PMID- 7018175 TI - [Analysis of indicator dilution in an experimental flow model using quantitative angiodensitometry with injection of the indicator by an automatic syringe]. PMID- 7018177 TI - Some afferents of the cat amygdala revealed by HRP method: light and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7018176 TI - Application of immunoperoxidase technique to electron microscopy. PMID- 7018178 TI - Fundamental problems in the application of quantitative stereology in ultrastructural research. PMID- 7018179 TI - The effect of pindolol and isosorbide dinitrate and their combination on exercise tolerance and ECG changes in angina pectoris. AB - The effect of placebo, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (5 mg orally), pindolol (1.0 mg i.v.) and the combination of ISDN and pindolol was tested in 12 patients with stable, exercise-induced angina pectoris and normal resting ECG. A graded submaximal exercise test was performed on a bicycle ergometer 30 min after medication. All patients had ST depression during and shortly after exercise. ISDN and pindolol increased exercise tolerance to a similar degree but through different mechanisms. Pindolol decreased heart rate and markedly reduced ST depression in the ECG, while ISDN had no effect on ECG changes. The combination of ISDN and pindolol was superior to either drug alone in increasing exercise tolerance in angina pectoris. PMID- 7018180 TI - Very early changes in circulating T3 and rT3 during development of metabolic derangement in diabetic patients. AB - Alterations in circulating iodothyronines were studied in 15 juvenile type diabetic patients during the development of metabolic derangement after withdrawal of insulin. By means of measurements of circulating C peptide, one group of patients with and one without residual beta-cell function had been selected. In both groups there was a gradual decrease in serum T3 during the 12 hour period studied after withdrawal of insulin, while an increase in serum rT3 was observed after 4-6 hours. The alterations in serum T3 and the metabolic derangement were significantly more pronounced in patients without than with residual beta-cell function. PMID- 7018181 TI - Propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. A randomized double-blind study. AB - Twenty-five patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis participated in a double blind study of the added effect of propranolol during tiamazol treatment. During the trial, the effect of treatment was ascertained by estimation at regular intervals of the clinical score (Crooks-Wayne index), free thyroxine index, serum triiodothyronine, serum reverse triiodothyronine, serum thyroglobulin and serum thyroglobulin antibodies. Both groups became euthyroid within two weeks. No statistically significant difference in the values for the clinical score or for any of the laboratory parameters measured was found between propranolol- and the placebo-treated patients. It is concluded that propranolol has no beneficial effect on tiamazol-treated hyperthyroid patients. PMID- 7018182 TI - Estrogen treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A double-blind controlled clinical trial. AB - The effect of estrogen treatment in 31 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease was evaluated in a randomized double-blind trial. After a 3-month control period there was a 3-month treatment period during which 17 patients were treated with peroral estrogen (estradiol valerate), 4 mg dialy, and 14 with placebo. The results showed no significant reduction in the frequency of bleeding or its intensity. The hemoglobin values remained unchanged in the estrogen group compared with the previous control period as well as with the placebo group. The only demonstrable effect of estrogen treatment was a significant fall in transferrin. PMID- 7018183 TI - An immunofluorescence study of the skin in diabetes mellitus. AB - The clinically normal skin of the lower back of 30 patients with diabetes mellitus was examined, using the direct immunofluorescence technique. No deposit of immunoglobulins or complement (C3) could be demonstrated, while other authors have previously reported lupus-like deposits in diabetes mellitus. As other discrepant studies of skin immunofluorescence have been published, it is suggested that the standards of the various immunopathology laboratories are different. This may explain why the actual value of the lupus band test remains controversial. PMID- 7018184 TI - The acid perfusion test as differential diagnostic aid in patients with chest pain. AB - A short review of the literature of the acid perfusion test is first given. Data from 67 patients with chest pain investigates with an acid perfusion test during ECG-surveillance in close connection to an exercise test are then presented. Arrhythmias or ST-T changes on ECG were not induced by the acid infusion. Six patients had a "positive related" acid perfusion test which in this context means that they recognized the chest discomfort elicited by the acid infusion as that which had brought them to the exercise test. The acid perfusion test in close connection to an exercise test is in selected patients a safe and useful technique for establishing whether or not the symptoms have an oesophageal component. PMID- 7018185 TI - Prevalence of primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7018186 TI - Measures to increase the reliability in the diagnostics of renin dependent hypertension. PMID- 7018187 TI - Circulatory effects of stress in essential hypertension. AB - Hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines were studied during mental arithmetics and cold pressor test in thirteen patients with essential hypertension. Blood pressure was significantly increased by both forms of "stress". Cold pressor test caused a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, while mental arithmetics increased heart rate and cardiac output significantly. Thus, different forms of "stress" can increase blood pressure by totally different hemodynamic mechanisms. Acute cardioselective and non-selective beta-receptor blockade did not affect the hemodynamic reaction pattern during cold pressor test. The increase in heart rate and cardiac output during mental arithmetics was blocked by non-selective but not with cardioselective beta-blockade. Both beta blockers were, however, inefficient in preventing the blood pressure elevation induced by mental arithmetics. Plasma noradrenalin was significantly increased during mental arithmetics after both cardioselective and non-selective beta blockade compared to placebo. During cold pressor test there was a significant increase in noradrenalin only after non-selective beta-blockade. Adrenalin in plasma was significantly increased only during mental arithmetics after cardioselective beta-blockade. The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is complex and still not fully understood. Both hereditary (1) and environmental factors such as salt intake (2) and stress (3,4,5) are probably of importance as risk factors for essential hypertension. Animal studies have shown that different forms of stress can produce permanent hypertension due to structural changes in the resistance vessels (6). Against this background we decided to investigate acute hemodynamic effects of two well-defined types of "stress", e.g. mental arithmetics and cold pressor test in patients with essential hypertension and to study if the hemodynamic reactions could be modified by cardioselective and non selective beta-receptor blockade. Catecholamines in plasma were studied before, during and after "stress". PMID- 7018188 TI - The renin-aldosterone system during exercise in young patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7018189 TI - Changes in plasma renin concentration, activity and substrate after twentyeight days' treatment with micronized estrogen, ethinylestradiol and norethisterone acetate in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7018190 TI - Captopril in primary hypertension. Effects related to the renin-angiotensin aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems. AB - The effects of captopril (SQ 14.225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, were investigated in a dose titration study of primary hypertension. In 32 patients 4 weeks titration with captopril gave a mean blood pressure (BP) reduction of 26/16 mmHg supine and 30/16 mmHg standing. No serious side effects were observed. The BP lowering effect was related to pretreatment plasma renin activity and was less in low renin hypertension (p less than 0.05). Captopril reduced angiotensin II (p less than 0.05), plasma (p less than 0.005) and urinary aldosterone (p less than 0.001) as well as urinary kallikrein excretion (p less than 0.005). Captopril (SQ 14.225) is a competitive inhibitor of peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase, also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or kininase II, which converts angiotensin I (A I) into angiotensin II (A II), hydrolyzes des-Asp-angiotensin I to angiotensin III (A III) and inactivates bradykinin (BK) (19). Captopril has potent antihypertensive effects when used in human hypertension (review, 3) especially when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated. To further investigate the mode of action and the hypotensive effect of captopril, we measured plasma renin activity (PRA), A II, plasma (PA) and urinary aldosterone excretion (UA) and urinary kallikrein excretion (UK) in 32 patients with established primary (essential) hypertension. PMID- 7018191 TI - Alfonso Asenjo (1906-1980). PMID- 7018192 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Microsurgical indications and technics]. PMID- 7018193 TI - [Plea for a correct approach to surgical treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 7018194 TI - Methylation techniques in the structural analysis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. PMID- 7018195 TI - The multiple facets of histamine research. PMID- 7018196 TI - Histamine in brain capillaries. AB - A high amount of histamine was found in capillaries isolated by subcellular fractionation from the brain. In view of the important effects of histamine on vascular permeability in peripheral vessels, it was thought that histamine had a similar function in the cerebral vasculature. Intracarotic histamine infusion resulted in an enhanced pinocytosis of endothelial cells and te oedematous swelling of the astrocytic end-feet system. [3H]-Histamine, injected in the cerebral ventricles, accumulated in the capillary wall. Histamine and cimetidine activated hydroxyfatty acid and prostaglandin D2 synthesis in isolated brain capillaries. The possible function of the capillary histamine in the regulation of permeability of microvessels is discussed. PMID- 7018197 TI - Biological activities and detection of antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 7018198 TI - B-cell depression of delayed and contact hypersensitivity. PMID- 7018199 TI - Possible contribution of the complement system to the inflammatory state. PMID- 7018200 TI - Evolution of ideas on the role of prostaglandins in inflammation. AB - Anti-inflammatory activity is found among compounds which in vitro inhibit (aspirin), stimulate (chlorpromazine) or have no effect on (hydrocortisone) biosynthesis of primary prostaglandins. On the other hand some in vitro stimulators of prostaglandin biosynthesis (e.g. pyrazol(3,4b)-pyridine derivatives) are pro-inflammatory agents. It is concluded that primary prostaglandins do not play a pivotal role in inflammatory response. PMID- 7018201 TI - Biochemical parameters in the assessment of anti-inflammatory drugs--a review. PMID- 7018202 TI - Perinatal aspects of immunomodulation. AB - Haemopoietic stem cells migrate to liver, bone marrow and thymus, initially from the yolk sac endoderm, by the 28 mm embryo stage. B-lymphocytes differentiate from stem cells, first in the liver and later in bone marrow, becoming pre-B cells, with cytoplasmic, but no surface, IgM, and later 'baby' B-cells, which carry surface IgM. These last cells are particularly sensitive to the induction of tolerance. Identifiable pre-T-lymphocytes migrate to the thymus, where they acquire the ability to recognize self-antigens coded by the major histocompatibility complex. Models of the generation of idiotype diversity will be discussed with reference to the known characteristics of cells which are differentiating at appropriate tissue sites in the foetus. Functional studies of both maternal and foetal lymphocytes have shown the presence of suppressor lymphocyte activity, from 14 weeks gestation in the foetus to one year in the infant, and during pregnancy in mothers. Infants who have been given blood transfusions, either in utero or in early neonatal life may show prolonged chimerism. Pregnant women may be chimeric for foetal cells and these cells may persist for long periods in the maternal lymphoid system. Antigens reaching the foetus from the mother are capable of modulating immune responses in the offspring. The implications of these and other observations will be discussed, together with the modulation of foetal immune responsiveness and the potential application of techniques designed to direct both antigen unresponsiveness in the newborn and the generation of idiotype diversity. PMID- 7018204 TI - E. coli heat-labile (LT) antitoxin levels in pigs and in E. coli-vaccinated sows. PMID- 7018203 TI - Escherichia coli vaccine for prevention of neonatal enteric colibacillosis in pigs. PMID- 7018205 TI - Data on the proteolytic enzyme system of Lernaea cyprinacea. PMID- 7018206 TI - Evaluation of the role of coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina pectoris. AB - Seventeen patients presenting with unstable angina pectoris underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Despite vigorous medical therapy, all patients were disabled with 10 experiencing refractory in-hospital angina. PTCA was judged successful in 13 patients and resulted in decreased coronary diameter narrowing from 80 +/- 16% to 34 +/- 13% and reduced transstenotic pressure gradient from 69 +/- 13 to 23 +/- 12 mm Hg. Regional coronary blood flow (CBF) and myocardial metabolism were assessed at rest and during pacing tachycardia in six patients with left anterior descending coronary stenosis. Prior to PTCA, neither regional CBF increased nor coronary vascular resistance declined during rapid pacing; myocardial lactate extraction fell, indicating a shift from aerobic to anerobic metabolism. Following PTCA, however, rapid pacing resulted in increased regional CBF, decreased coronary vascular resistance, and preservation of aerobic metabolism. Following PTCA, successfully dilated patients demonstrated marked relief of angina symptoms, increase in functional capacity, and objective exercise ECG and thallium scintigraphic evidence of relief of previously ischemic myocardium. This investigation demonstrates that PTCA, when combined with medical therapy, can be performed safely and successfully in selected patients who present with otherwise refractory unstable angina, and indicates the procedure deserves further study as a therapeutic alternative in this condition. PMID- 7018207 TI - Septal myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 in the diagnosis of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease. AB - The use of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to identify obstructive coronary disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery proximal to the first septal perforator (prox LAD) was studied in 60 patients. Perfusion of the septum and anteroapical areas with thallium-201 injected during exercise was compared to results of coronary arteriography. Septal MPI defect was found in 92.3% of patients with obstruction of the proximal LAD, 27.7% of patients with obstruction of LAD distal to first septal perforator, 0% in patients with obstructions involving right or circumflex arteries, and in 10.5% of patients without coronary disease. Anteroapical MPI defects were found with similar frequency in the three groups with obstructive coronary disease. Septal MPI defect had a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 85.4% in the diagnosis of proximal LAD disease. Normal septal perfusion with thallium-201 virtually excluded proximal LAD disease. PMID- 7018208 TI - The new purified insulins. PMID- 7018209 TI - Formaldehyde: evidence of carcinogenicity. PMID- 7018210 TI - Echocardiographic features of the false tendons in the left ventricle. AB - M mode and two dimensional echocardiographic features consistent with previously reported autopsy findings of false tendons were seen in 5 of approximately 1,000 consecutive echocardiographic examinations. Later, the presence of false tendon was proved at autopsy in one of the five cases. Examination in three cases revealed heart disease: aortic regurgitation, third degree atrioventricular (A-V) block with aortic regurgitation and invasive thymoma with pericardial effusion; examination in two cases revealed no heart disease. In three cases, M mode echocardiograms revealed in the outflow tract of the left ventricle abnormal linear echoes that strongly mimicked those in other disorders such as discrete subaortic stenosis or flail aortic valve. In two cases, there were abnormal linear echoes in the left ventricle toward the apex. In three cases, two dimensional echocardiograms revealed long-string-like echoes stretching from the upper part of the interventricular septum across the ventricular cavity to the lateral wall of the left ventricle in long and short axis views or in four chamber views. In two cases, long slender echoes between the lower parts of the interventricular septum and the left ventricle were seen in apical long axis views. These string-like echoes seem to represent the false tendons previously reported at autopsy, although actual pathologic confirmation was available in only one of the five cases. It is concluded that (1) M mode and two dimensional echocardiograms can demonstrate the presence of false tendons, (2) two dimensional echocardiograms are useful in differentiating false tendons from other conditions causing abnormal linear echoes in the outflow tract of the left ventricle on M mode echography. PMID- 7018211 TI - Stereological analysis of normal rabbit pancreatic islets. AB - Stereological methods were applied to obtain morphometric data related to pancreatic islets of Langerhans in the normal rabbit. By light microscopy, it was found that 1 mm3 of pancreatic parenchyma contained 47.7 islets, constituting 2.2% of its volume. Approximately 69% of the islets had diameters less than 80 micrometer; 31% were greater than 80 micrometer. The former group of islets, however, composed only 13% of the volume of the endocrine pancreas and the latter group, 87%. Using electron microscopy, a unit volume of islet tissue was observed to consist of 86% beta cells, 7.7% alpha cells, and 2.2% delta cells. The average beta-cell volume was 1260 micrometer 3 and its cytoplasm consisted of 52.6% matrix, 12.7% rough endoplasmic reticulum, 10.2% secretory granules, 7.8% mitochondria, and 3.3% Golgi apparatus. A typical beta cell contained 662 mitochondria, intermediate (10-nm) filaments whose length totalled 50 mm, and 9,200 secretory granules with a ratio of four mature granules to each immature or "pale" granule. Within alpha and beta cells, three parameters were used for the quantitation of organelles or their component parts: 1) volume; 2) surface; and 3) numerical densities. In the beta cell, the surface densities of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes exceeded, by two- or threefold, their counterparts in alpha cells. Similarly, the number of beta-cell mitochondria exceeded by 30% that of alpha cells; but beta-cell mitochondrial volume was twice that of the alpha cell, as were surface densities of both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Volume and surface densities of secretory granules within beta cells were half the values obtained for alpha cells. An alpha cell contained three times the number of granules present in a beta cell. PMID- 7018212 TI - The effect of matching primary representational system predicates on hypnotic relaxation. PMID- 7018213 TI - Bibliographic sources of nineteenth century hypnosis literature. PMID- 7018214 TI - Chinese alchemy in the light of its fundamental terms. PMID- 7018215 TI - The 1980 Division 27 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: Barbara Snell Dohrenwend and Bruce P. Dohrenwend. PMID- 7018216 TI - The Schick test. A useful tool for screening for antibody deficiency. AB - The evaluation of suspected humoral immunodeficiency includes quantitative immunoglobulin levels and specific antibody assays. The Schick test is a simple procedure for measurement of specific diphtheria antibodies that has been overlooked because the availability of Schick test materials has been limited in recent years. We assessed the efficacy of the Schick test in screening for antibody deficiency states in 23 children. Five had positive Schick test reactions. All five had clinical and immunologic findings consistent with a primary immunodeficiency disorder. Each of these patients had at least one other abnormality of antibody formation detected. The Schick test is a simple screening device helpful in the assessment of immunocompetence. PMID- 7018217 TI - The first published report of an incubator for use in the care of the premature infant (1857). PMID- 7018218 TI - Hitler and Bormann identifications compared by postmortem craniofacial and dental characteristics. AB - After Stalin told President Truman at Potsdam, July 17, 1945, that Hitler got away, a secret U.S. mission was designated to establish anthropological skull projections pertinent to a potential recovery of Hitler's remains, i.e., by experimentally eliminating the "flesh." Then, conversely, in 1972, when one of the two skulls unearthed next to the Lehrter Railroad station in West Berlin (where Hitler's physician and Bormann had last been seen alive on May 2, 1945), an attempt was made to put facial flesh back on the skull with a view to reconstruct the original facial physiognomy of Martin Bormann. All things considered, it will be documented that the only convincing forensic evidence of Hitler's and Bormann's deaths proved to be the dental data. PMID- 7018219 TI - The Lindbergh case. A triumph in forensic investigation. PMID- 7018220 TI - A history of firearms identification to 1930. AB - This is a history of the science of firearms examination which for the most part originated with the report by Dr. Albert Hall in 1900 about the basic problems of bullet identification. The literature of the early part of the century is reviewed and individual articles apropos to this subject are analyzed. The American experience is reviewed, including the activities of Dr. Goddard up to 1930. He discusses the investigation of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago. PMID- 7018221 TI - George Burgess Magrath. Tribute to a resting lion. PMID- 7018222 TI - Important references--forensic aspects of blood. PMID- 7018223 TI - Shields Warren: the legend and the man. PMID- 7018224 TI - Shields Warren, M.D. : Excerpts from "Medical aspects of the atomic bombings". 1946. PMID- 7018225 TI - Causes of death in a subarctic population. AB - Some of the main causes of death prior to 1900 are mentioned, including disastrous epidemics of high mortality such as plague, smallpox and the so-called hunger epidemics. Also discussed are two chronic diseases remarkable for Iceland in old times i.e., leprosy and hydatid disease. In the first third of the 20th century, infectious diseases still were the main cause of death in Iceland. The importance of tuberculosis in this connection is stressed. The very high infant mortality up to the beginning of this century is stressed. The changes in the main causes of death in the last decades are described and the growing influence of degenerative vascular diseases and cancer in that connection pointed out. Last, the remarkable fall in the infant mortality and increasing life expectancy from the beginning of this century with growing prosperity of the nation is stressed. PMID- 7018226 TI - Shields Warren's exemplary sanitary survey. PMID- 7018227 TI - The humean fog: cancer and cholesterol. PMID- 7018228 TI - Platelet calcium-dependent proteins: identification and localization of the calcium-dependent regulator, calmodulin, in platelets. AB - The calcium-dependent regulator protein, calmodulin, is a 17,000 molecular weight polypeptide which binds calcium and has been shown to confer calcium sensitivity on contractile and other proteins. In the present study, we have examined the presence and subcellular distribution of this protein in preparations of human platelets. Calmodulin was quantified using a two-stage phosphodiesterase assay. Whole platelets contained 1.33 +/- 0.06 units calmodulin per 10(6) platelets or 26.5 +/- 3.4 fg calmodulin per platelet. The distribution of calmodulin in the platelet was predominantly soluble with over 80 percent of calmodulin activity in the soluble fraction of the cell. There was no apparent difference in the distribution of calmodulin between soluble and particulate compartments in recalcified platelet homogenates compared to homogenates in EDTA. Indirect immunofluorescent studies with monospecific antisera to dinitrophenylated calmodulin showed intense staining of platelets in a diffuse pattern. The identification of calmodulin in platelets raises the possibility that this protein may participate in calcium-dependent reactions important in platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 7018229 TI - Application of the major gene index and offspring-between-parents function to dermatoglyphic fingertip variables. AB - Forty-eight digital dermatoglyphic variables in 192 nuclear families were analyzed to search for evidence of major gene effects, utilizing a pair of recently developed statistics called the major gene index (MGI) and offspring between-parents (OBP) function. They operate on the principle that under a multifactorial blending inheritance scheme an offspring's phenotypic value approximates the midparental value, whereas under major gene inheritance, the child's value more closely resembles that of one of his parents. Both statistics yielded comparable results. All ridge-count variables showed no strong deviation from a multifactorial model. Pattern-type variables gave values suggesting the presence of major gene effects, but these results were probably the consequence of the variables' relatively discrete distributions, since a departure of a variable from a reasonably continuous phenotypic distribution was shown to interfere significantly with the interpretation of both statistics. PMID- 7018230 TI - Therapeutic use of thrombolytic agents. AB - The use of thrombolytic agents for clotting disorders as compared with standard anticoagulant therapy is reviewed. The resolution rates of pulmonary emboli (PE) were examined in a comparison of streptokinase, urokinase, and heparin therapy in several studies. The effectiveness of streptokinase therapy was compared to heparin treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as well. In addition, studies on the use of thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are reviewed. Clinical studies show that although streptokinase and urokinase promote more rapid resolution of PE and DVT (as determined by perfusion lung scans, angiography, and venography), superiority over conventional treatment has not been established. The disadvantages include greater cost and more frequent bleeding episodes than anticoagulant therapy. The studies of thrombolytic agents for AMI did not find significant beneficial effects on the mortality rates. It is recommended that thrombolytic agents not be used routinely for the treatment of PE, DVT, or AMI. PMID- 7018231 TI - Genital herpes simplex virus infection: clinical course and attempted therapy. AB - The epidemiology, clinical course, diagnosis, and attempted treatments of herpes genitalis are reviewed. Herpes genitalis is an increasingly common sexually transmitted disease for which there is no effective treatment. It can occur in either sex and is mot commonly first found in patients 14 to 29 years old. Initial exposure to the virus may result in prolonged local symptoms (pain, itching, discharge) and signs (ulcerative lesions) as well as fever, malaise, myalgias, and fatigue. After the initial exposure, the virus may be found in a latent stage in the dorsal nerve root ganglia in the sacral area, and recurrences of disease may ensue. The frequency and clinical course of recurrent genital herpes can be of varying duration and severity. Although antiviral substances, immune potentiators, topical surfactants, and photodynamic inactivation have been used to treat genital herpes infections, there is no proven effective therapy. PMID- 7018232 TI - Review of a new gastrointestinal drug--metoclopramide. AB - The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and diagnostic uses, toxicity, adverse reactions, and contraindications of metoclopramide are reviewed. Metoclopramide enhances the rate of gastric emptying by (1) augmenting esophageal peristalsis, gastric antral contractions, and small intestine transit time and (2) increasing resting pressures of the lower esophageal and pyloric sphincters. The drug does not stimulate gastric acid secretions. The injectable form is approved for use to facilitate intubation of the small intestine and the passage of barium into the intestine for radiographic procedures. Tablets are approved for the treatment of symptoms associated with diabetic gastroparesis. The drug has been used in the treatment of vomiting of various etiologies. The side effects of metoclopramide are usually mild, transient, and reversible with discontinuation of the drug. They include drowsiness, GI disturbances, extrapyramidal reactions, and increased lactation. Metoclopramide should not be given in combination with MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetic amines, or to patients with pheochromocytoma, GI hemorrhage, obstruction, or perforation. Metoclopramide appears to be an effective drug in stimulating the mobility of the upper gastrointestinal tract without increasing gastric secretions. Further studies are needed to assess its value in the treatment of vomiting secondary to anesthesia and chemotherapy, and to assess its precise role in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. PMID- 7018234 TI - Joseph Charles Aub: applying the tools of the basic sciences to clinical investigation. PMID- 7018233 TI - What's new in tuberculosis? PMID- 7018235 TI - Physiologic basis of vasodilator therapy for heart failure. AB - In congestive heart failure, an increase in impedance to left ventricular ejection appears to be an important factor in impairing left ventricular performance. Arteriolar narrowing and decreased arterial compliance will decrease the left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas reduction in venous capacitance will shift blood centrally and increase cardiac filling. These vascular events may result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin angiotensin system. Vasodilator drugs, by relaxing the increased vascular tone, will reduce ventricular volume and increase stroke volume, and thus improve the patient's hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic state. Translation of this acute hemodynamic response into a therapeutic benefit from long-term therapy is an attractive but not yet entirely proved thesis. Long-term controlled trials must eventually establish the place of vasodilator drug therapy in the management of different types of congestive heart failure. Furthermore, additional insight is needed into the potential for selective therapy that is tailored to counteract specific mechanisms of vasoconstriction in individual patients. PMID- 7018236 TI - Drug-induced lupus: an adjuvant disease? PMID- 7018237 TI - Low and high renin essential hypertension: a comparison of clinical and biochemical characteristics. AB - Based on a renin-sodium nomogram, patients with essential hypertension can be divided into low, normal and high renin subgroups. To define more clearly the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the two extreme groups, data of 83 patients with low renin essential hypertension were compared with those from 42 patients with high renin essential hypertension. In a further analysis, data or 27 age-and sex-matched patients from these two groups were compared with data from 27 matched subjects from a normotensive control group. Compared with high renin patients, low renin patients more frequently are female, older, and have higher systolic blood pressures and pulse pressures. The latter two characteristics are age-related. The similarity of duration of hypertension in both groups and the lack of correlation between age and plasma renin activity suggest that low renin hypertension is a separate entity rather than just a later phase of the same disease. Patients with low renin hypertension had better renal function than high renin patients or normotensive control subjects. High renin patients showed signs of hemoconcentration: hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total protein were higher than in low renin patients and normotensive controls. A significant difference between the slopes of the regression lines relating renin activity and sodium excretion for the two renin subgroups indicates that renin release in low renin patients is less sensitive to alterations in sodium balance. Both groups of patients had similarly elevated aldosterone levels, suggesting an increased sensitivity of aldosterone secretion to angiotensin II in low renin hypertensives. The relationship between aldosterone and potassium excretion was similar in both groups, indicating a comparable mineralocorticoid sensitivity. PMID- 7018238 TI - Idiopathic hydrops fetalis report of 4 patients including 2 affected sibs. AB - We report four patients with idiopathic hydrops fetalis (IHF), two being affected sibs; the latter represent the first reported familial occurrence. A review identified 45 additional cases that seem to represent 1/3 to 2/3 of all cases of hydrops fetalis of nonimmunologic origin (NIHF). Our patients and the other adequately documented cases permit delineation of "idiopathic" fetal hydrops; ie, that form of the condition which is not associated with any detectable fetal or maternal disorders. These fetuses are usually premature, often the product of a gestation complicated by pre-eclampsia, occasional maternal anemia, and most often polyhydramnios. The fetuses have striking edema of most tissues with effusions into serous cavities, but no other specific anatomic abnormalities. They are often hypoproteinemic, but not anemic and do not manifest signs of accelerated hematopoiesis. Results of fetal and maternal immunohematological examination are normal. Fetal mortality rates approach 100% but recent data suggest that salvage rates can be significantly improved with early diagnosis. This requires accurate diagnosis and all factors and conditions known to be associated with other types of NIHF should be excluded. A relationship between fetal hypoalbuminemia and IHF may exist and needs further investigation, IHF is sporadic in most instances; however, recessive inheritance may be indicated by occurrence in two sibs. IHF represents a distinct, frequently unrecognized and relatively common entity in need of further study and increased recognition. PMID- 7018239 TI - Dermatoglyphics in medicine--problems and use in suspected chromosome abnormalities. AB - Dermatoglyphic findings in patients with chromosome abnormalities are reviewed including the more common aneuploidies and recently recognized deficiency and duplication syndromes. Tables of dermatoglyphic changes are provided to help in the diagnosis of patients with suspected chromosome abnormalities. Finally, problems of dermatoglyphic nomenclature and statistics are considered. It is emphasized that dermatoglyphics should be used in conjunction with the physical examination rather than as an independent diagnostic test. PMID- 7018240 TI - Biographical note--Laurence H. Snyder. PMID- 7018241 TI - On the role of Laurence H. Synder in the development of human and medical genetics in the United States; an oral history tape interview. PMID- 7018242 TI - Historical note: the extraordinary handless and footless families of Brazil - 50 years of acheiropodia. AB - The history of acheiropodia is divided into 4 phases: discovery, exploration, modern studies, and contemporary knowledge. The discovery phase (1929-1930) is represented by the publication of the 1st family. For about 30 years, it remained the only family referred to in a number of textbooks of medicine, biology, and others. In the exploration phase (1956-1966), the first family was reanalyzed, other families were ascertained and analysed, and some radiologic aspects of the anomaly were published. The modern phase (1968-1972) is characterized by a large series of studies on the clinical aspects of acheiropodia, including laboratory and radiological examinations, psychological tests, status of vision, electrocardiograms, etc. In the contemporary phase (since 1974), genetic aspects prevailed, and studies were published on segregation analysis, selection pressure, genetic load, mutation rate, etc. Each one of these 4 phases is analyzed in detail. PMID- 7018243 TI - Reminiscence: those fabulous forties. PMID- 7018244 TI - The antigenicity and immunology of human cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a review. AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated an altered antigenicity in the carcinomatous cervix. Whether the neoplasia-associated antigens are of viral origin, are actually normal antigens expressed in elevated levels, or are true tumor associated antigens has not been precisely determined, since evidence has been presented for all of these possibilities. These antigens associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma have been demonstrated not only biochemically and by raising antisera to the tumors in animals but also by studies of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of cervical cancer patients. Immunodiagnosis of cervical cancer with the use of these antigens has, to date, not been feasible, although several of the assays appear potentially useful. PMID- 7018245 TI - Placental abscess as a cause of fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7018246 TI - Cyclic variation in the adherence of group B streptococci to human vaginal epithelial cells. AB - Studies conducted on three normally menstruating women demonstrated a distinct cyclic variation in adherence of group B streptococcus type III to vaginal epithelial cells. This cyclic variation consisted of a gradual rise in adherence during the first half of the menstrual cycle, reaching a maximum on day 14, followed by a sharp decline to low levels of adherence that persisted through the second half of the cycle. These changes in adherence correlated directly with the variation in the pyknotic index of the vaginal epithelial cells, suggesting that hormonal factors played a role in adherence of group B streptococci to vaginal epithelium. PMID- 7018247 TI - The efficacy of the nitrite test and microscopic urinalysis in predicting urine culture results. AB - The efficacy of the nitrite dipstick and microscopic urinalysis in predicting culture results were evaluated for 146 urine cultures from 56 women at risk for recurrent pyelonephritis. There were 111 negative cultures, 18 positive cultures, and 17 contaminated cultures. Nitrites were not detectable in either negative or contaminated cultures. Bacilluria was present in 10% of negative cultures and in 18% of contaminated cultures. Pyuria was present in 14% of negative and in 24% of contaminated cultures. Among the 18 positive cultures, nitrite was present in only 22%, bacilluria in only 61%, and pyuria in only 67%. These results suggest that positive cultures cannot be accurately predicted by either microscopic urinalysis or the nitrite dipstick, and that routine culturing should be performed as part of the outpatient management of women at risk for recurrent pyelonephritis. PMID- 7018248 TI - A prospective study of group B streptococcal bacteriuria in pregnancy. AB - Bacteriuria in pregnancy was prospectively studied in 569 women, with specific reference to group B streptococcal infection. Forty-six patients (8%) had bacteriuria, including 14 with group B streptococcal infection; group B streptococci (GBS) were exceeded in frequency only by Escherichia coli. Two thirds of the bacteriuric patients remained asymptomatic. The outcome of pregnancy was studied in 41/46 bacteriuric patients, including all those with group B streptococcal infection. Two pregnancies ended in intrauterine fetal death, and one neonate developed group B streptococcal sepsis; all three complications occurred in the 14 women with group B streptococcal bacteriuria. Diabetes mellitus appeared to increase the risk of group B streptococcal bacteriuria. This study revealed that group B streptococcal bacteriuria is more common in pregnancy than was previously suspected and suggests that culture methods to detect GBS should be used in bacteriuria screening programs done in pregnancy. In terms of perinatal infection risk, screening for group B streptococcal bacteriuria at or near the time of delivery may be more meaningful than other group B streptococcal surveillance culture studies. PMID- 7018249 TI - Transplantation of lacerated corneas. AB - We performed penetrating keratoplasties in eight eyes with opaque corneas from healed corneal lacerations that extended into the corneoscleral limbus. We found dense fibrovascular membranes that extended from the laceration site over the surface of the iris into the angle in several cases and posteriorly to involve the ciliary body in all cases. In seven eyes moderate to severe increases of intraocular pressure occurred postoperatively. Additionally, five eyes had retinal detachments which were either present at the time of surgery or which developed postoperatively. The corneal grafts remained transparent in all eight eyes and visual acuity improved in four. PMID- 7018250 TI - A simple method of repairing inadvertent filtering blebs after cataract surgery. PMID- 7018251 TI - Evaluation of benefits of different nutritional pre- and postoperative management of hemorrhoidectomy patients. PMID- 7018252 TI - Perifused pituitary cultures: a model for LHRH regulation of LH secretion. AB - In this paper, a dispersed anterior pituitary cell system that is continuously perifused and suitable for the study of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-anterior pituitary physiology is described. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were decapitated and the anterior pituitaries removed, dispersed using collagenase, mixed with Biogel P2, and packed into 0.9-cm columns using sterile technique. All experiments were conducted using Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate-glucose buffer, and a stable base line was achieved. A constant dose of LHRH (50 ng) administered several times at 1-h intervals stimulated the same quantal release of LH. LH secretion is linear in response to LHRH over the range of 1-50 nM and to rat hypothalamic extracts over a range of 1/32 to 1/2 hypothalamic equivalents, regardless of whether the extracts are administered in ascending or descending order. These results indicate that perifusion of dispersed pituitary cells provides a useful model for the study of LHRH physiology, combining the advantages of the long-term viability of pituitary cells in culture with the dynamic nature afforded by perifusion. PMID- 7018253 TI - Prostaglandins and renin release in vitro. AB - The present studies were undertaken to explore further the role of prostaglandins in the release of renin from the renal cortex. To provide the best assessment of renin release, renin was determined by a radioimmunoassay for the direct measurement of renin. Slices of mouse renal cortex were incubated at 37 degrees C with arachidonic acid (AA), 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), indomethacin, prostaglandins, and synthetic prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue (EPA). Our results showed that AA at 1.5 X 10(-8) M significantly increased renin release at 10 and 30 min of incubation. This renin increase ws abolished by either ETA or indomethacin. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) also significantly stimulated renin release at 10 and 60 min. PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (DMPGE2) showed much less renin release-stimulating activity. EPA and PGI2 on the other hand very strongly stimulated renin release. However, at higher concentrations the stimulating effect of PGI2 and EPA disappeared and even became inhibitory in the case of EPA. Other prostaglandins were found to have no effect on renin release. The results suggest that the prostaglandin system directly affects renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells independent of systemic neurogenic and hemodynamic influences. PMID- 7018254 TI - Dose-response characteristics for effects of insulin on production and utilization of glucose in man. AB - To determine the dose-response characteristics for the effects of insulin on glucose production, glucose utilization, and overall glucose metabolism in normal man, 15 healthy subjects were infused with insulin for 8 h at sequential rates ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mU.kg-1.min-1; each rate was used for 2 h. Glucose production and utilization were measured isotopically ([3-3H]glucose). Tissue insulin receptor occupancy was estimated from erythrocyte insulin binding. Glucose production was completely suppressed at plasma insulin concentrations of approximately 60 microunits/ml. Maximal glucose utilization (10-11 mg.kg-1.min-1) occurred at insulin concentrations of 200-700 microunits/ml. The concentration of insulin causing half-maximal glucose utilization (55 + 7 microunits/ml) was significantly greater than that required for half-maximal suppression of glucose production (29 +/- 2 microunits/ml, P less than 0.01). Maximal effects of insulin on glucose production and utilization occurred at plasma insulin concentrations causing 11 and 49% insulin receptor occupancy, respectively. The above dose response relationships indicate that in man 1) glucose production is more sensitive to changes in plasma insulin concentration than is glucose utilization; 2) both hepatic and peripheral tissues may contain "spare" insulin receptors; and 3) relatively minor changes in plasma insulin concentration or insulin receptor function can cause appreciable alterations in glucose metabolism. PMID- 7018256 TI - Integrated actions of renal medullary prostaglandins in the control of water excretion. AB - The renal medulla is a rich source of prostaglandins. Two cell types, the collecting tubule epithelium and the interstitial cell, have the enzymatic machinery necessary to make prostaglandins. As a result of this localized production and the proximity to highly specialized medullary structures, the prostaglandins can exert potent effects on several aspects of medullary function. At least three physiologic effects have been clearly documented: reduction of vasopressin-dependent osmotic water permeability of the collecting tubule epithelium, enhancement of medullary blood flow, and inhibition of NaCl absorption from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. These three functions are the functions that primarily regulate axial solute content and water excretion. The effect of increasing medullary prostaglandin production is to reduce medullary solute content and increase water excretion. Each action in this regard. The medullary prostaglandins thus antagonize the ultimate action of vasopressin. In addition to the direct antagonistic effect on vasopressin dependent osmotic water flow across the collecting tubule, prostaglandins and vasopressin may have antagonistic effects at other sites. These actions of medullary prostaglandins provide an integrated mechanism for the "fine tuning" of water excretion. PMID- 7018255 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and thyroidectomy on leucine metabolism in adipose tissue. AB - Hypophysectomy doubled the rate of oxidation of L-[1-14C]leucine to 14CO2 by segments of rat epididymal adipose tissue. Thyroidectomy, but not adrenalectomy, produced identical results. Acceleration of leucine oxidation occurred even in the presence of glucose and saturating concentrations of insulin and leucine, suggesting that thyroidectomy increased the capacity to degrade leucine. Treatment of thyroidectomized rats with triiodothyronine (T3) decreased leucine oxidation, but at least 4 days were required. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with T3 for 6 days was ineffective unless growth hormone was also given. A similar acceleration was also seen in the rate of oxidation of alpha-keto[1 14C]isocaproate, the deaminated analogue of leucine, but neither hypophysectomy nor thyroidectomy accelerated the rate of oxidation of isovalerate, the next metabolite in the degradative sequence. These observations suggested that hypothyroidism, whether primary or secondary, might increase the activity of the mitochondrial reaction responsible for the decarboxylation of alpha ketoisocaproate. Because thyroidectomy failed to modify the rate of oxidation of [1-14C]pyruvate that occurs by an analogue reaction and requires the same cofactors, an effect of thyroidectomy on cofactor availability was ruled out. Direct assay in a cell-free homogenate revealed a nearly twofold increase in the activity of the alpha-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase enzyme complex. The findings support the conclusion that hypothyroidism increases the amount or activity of the mitochondrial enzyme complex responsible for decarboxylation of branched chain alpha-keto acids. PMID- 7018257 TI - Effects of sodium intake and Goldblatt hypertension on renin release in rat kidney slices. AB - The effects of altering sodium intake and inducing two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in the male Sprague-Dawley rat on renin release (RR) from renal cortical slices were examined. The low sodium diet significantly elevated plasma and kidney renin activity (KRA) and base-line renin release (BRR). KRA and BRR in the unclipped kidney of Goldblatt hypertensive rats were suppressed; KRA and BRR in the contralateral clipped kidney were comparable to values in normotensive animals fed a basal diet. Regression analysis of BRR vs. KRA for all kidneys studied yielded an r value of 0.728 for a linear model (y = a + bx) and 0.831 for a power model (y = axb), indicating that BRR is dependent on renal renin stores over a wide range of KRA, and suggesting that BRR may reach a maximal value. Percent inhibition of RR by angiotensin II (AII) and percent stimulation of RR by isoproterenol were the same in high, low, and basal salt states, while absolute changes in RR and changes in RR expressed as percent of renin stores released per hour were less in the high salt state, suggesting that isoproterenol-induced stimulation and AII-induced inhibition of RR are dependent on renal renin stores. PMID- 7018258 TI - Adrenergically induced renin release in conscious indomethacin-treated dogs and rats. AB - To investigate the role of endogenous prostaglandins in renin release stimulated via adrenergic pathways, isoproterenol, norepinephrine (NE) and NE in the presence of phentolamine (PTA) were infused into conscious sodium-replete rats and dogs. Isoproterenol (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) infusion into intact rats increased plasma renin activity (PRA) eightfold. AFter pretreatment with the prostaglandin (PG) cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg), isoproterenol increased PRA 16-fold. In dogs, isoproterenol (0.4 microgram.kg-1.min-1) increased PRA six-fold before indomethacin and 11-fold during PG inhibition. Infusion of NE into both rats (250 ng.kg-1.min-1) and dogs (1 microgram.kg-1.min 1) failed to increase PRA before indomethacin, but during inhibition of PG synthesis NE increased PRA in both species. During partial alpha-adrenergic blockade with PTA in dogs, PTA alone increased PRA by 38% and NE given during PTA infusion increased PRA further both before indomethacin by twofold and during PG inhibition by fivefold. In rats given NE during PTA infusion, PRA increased only after indomethacin injection. Additionally, in dogs the renin responses to these adrenergic agents were even greater after indomethacin administration than before the drug. These results in both conscious rats and dogs give no indication that renal prostaglandins mediate the renin response to adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7018259 TI - Release of PGE and PGI2 in the pump-perfused dog kidney and associated hypotension. AB - The mechanism of enhanced renal prostaglandin (PG) release in the in situ pump perfused kidney was studied in anesthetized dogs. Pump perfusion caused a gradual decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (BP) from 163 to 128 mmHg over an 80-min period. The renal arteriovenous level of PGE and plasma renin activity (PRA) were increased by a mean of 1.36 ng/ml and 22 ng AI.ml-1.h-1, respectively. In a second group of dogs treated with captopril, pump perfusion did not alter PGE or BP, but increased PRA. When the animals were treated with indomethacin, the renal arteriovenous levels of PGE and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were not changed but PRA increased during the 80 min of pump perfusion. In a fourth group of dogs that had undergone renal denervation and phentolamine treatment, changes in PGE and BP occurred during pump perfusion similar to the changes in the control group, and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha release by the kidney also increased. The results indicate that renal PG release during group perfusion is mainly due to the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and that the hypotension due to pump perfusion is PG mediated. PMID- 7018260 TI - Role of renin-angiotensin system in response to hemorrhage in fetal sheep. AB - During fetal life, the autonomic nervous system is not fully mature, and it is likely that hormonal mechanisms play an important role in controlling cardiovascular function. In chronically instrumented fetal sheep, hemorrhage increased plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin concentration significantly from 6.7 +/- 2.5 to 15.2 +/- 3.1 ng.ml-1.h-1 and from 74 +/- 19 to 182 +/- 43 pg/ml, respectively. Both mean arterial and venous blood pressures decreased initially from 45 to 35 Torr and from 3.5 to 2.5 Torr, respectively; then both returned to control values. Fetal heart rate decreased initially from 174 beats/min and then increased to 186 beats/min. To determine whether angiotensin had a role in mediating these responses to hemorrhage, we hemorrhaged a second group of fetuses before and during infusion of saralasin, a competitive antagonist of angiotensin. Hemorrhage during infusion of saralasin decreased heart rat from 170 to 145 beats/min and further decreased mean arterial pressure to 30 Torr. Cardiac output decreased from 436 +/- 25 to 368 +/- 30 ml.min-1.kg-1, and umbilical-placental blood flow decreased from 205 +/- 20 to 145 +/- 10 ml.min 1.kg-1. We conclude that the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the response to hemorrhage in fetal sheep. PMID- 7018261 TI - Pressor responses to vasopressin in rabbits with 3-day renal artery stenosis. AB - One-kidney rabbits were subjected to renal artery stenosis, and acute experiments were performed 3 days later on conscious animals; one-kidney rabbits without renal artery stenosis served as controls. Rabbits with 3-day renal artery stenosis were normotensive and had normal values for plasma renin activity. Intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin at 5 mU.min-1.kg body wt-1 for 5 min resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater increase in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the renal artery stenosis rabbits than in the controls. Infusion of the angiotensin II (AII) competitive antagonist, [Sar1, Ile8]AII, before the vasopressin infusion abolished the hyperresponsiveness to vasopressin in the renal artery stenosis rabbits and resulted in changes in mean arterial pressure and TPR that were approximately of the same magnitude as the controls. Infusion of [SAr1, Ile8]AII before vasopressin infusion in control rabbits did not alter the cardiovascular responses to vasopressin. Because previous studies have shown that 3-day renal artery stenosis rabbits have exaggerated pressor responses to norepinephrine and that this hyperresponsiveness to norepinephrine is blocked by [Sar1, Ile8]-AII, the present study with vasopressin provided evidence that the increased responsiveness in this model is not specific for a single pressor agent. These studies also demonstrated that AII plays an important role in mediating the exaggerated pressor responses to vasopressin in this prehypertensive model. PMID- 7018262 TI - Effect of volume expansion on pressor response to angiotensin II in pregnant ewes. AB - Vascular refractoriness to infused angiotensin II (AII) characterizes normal human and ovine pregnancy. To ascertain whether the refractoriness in the gravid ewe is mediated by either endogenous plasma concentrations of renin and AII or vasomotor reflexes, effects of acute volume expansion (VE) on the pressor response to AII were studied in chronically instrumented nonpregnant and near term pregnant sheep. Dose-response curves describing the pressor response (delta BP) were determined before and after infusions of 1.0 1 of isotonic saline (NS) or 0.5 1 of 10% dextran (D). In nonpregnant sheep, hematocrit (Hct) and plasma renin activity (PRA) fell in all animals after NS (n = 7) and D (n = 6) (P less than 0.005). After VE with NS and D, delta BP increased at each dose of AII (P less than 0.05). The pressor response to AII in pregnant sheep was not altered by NS although decreases in Hct and PRA were comparable to those in nonpregnant sheep. Baroreceptor responses were not altered. Vascular refractoriness to infused AII in pregnant sheep is not due primarily to changes in plasma concentrations of renin-AII but more likely to another factor, vessel wall refractoriness. In this respect, the ewe is similar to the human. PMID- 7018263 TI - Effects of divalent cations on beta-cell electrical activity. AB - The effects of various divalent cations, added to the external medium, upon beta cell action potential were studied using intracellular microelectrodes. Changes of spike peak potential, as a function of external cation concentration, indicate that Sr2+ or Ba2+ may substitute for Ca2+ as a charge carrier. Complete blockage by Mn2+ of electrical activity elicited by Sr2+, Ba2+, or Ca2+ suggests that these cations penetrate the membrane though the same Ca2+ channel. The increase of maximum rate of depolarization, dV(d)/dtmax, and decrease of maximum rate of repolarization, dV(r)/dtmax, when Sr2+ is substituted for Ca2+ suggest that Sr2+ penetrates more readily the Ca2+ channel but is less effective than Ca2+ in activating K permeability. Reversal of these effects by addition of equimolar Ca2+ to Sr2+ indicates that Ca2+ has a greater affinity than Sr2+ for the receptor site. The blockage of electrical activity by Ba2+ at a depolarized membrane level suggests that Ba2+ markedly reduces all K+ permeabilities. Analysis of dV(d)/dtmax at various Ca2+ concentrations, in the presence of nonpermeant divalent cations (Co2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+), shown that these cations bind competitively at the same receptor site with differing dissociation constants, For all of these divalent cations, the order of binding would be Co2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+, Mg2+. PMID- 7018264 TI - Nucleus ambiguus stimulation increases plasma insulin levels in the rat. AB - The ventral lateral brainstem has been explored for sites that facilitate insulin release unilaterally, using electrical stimulation techniques in male rats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose/urethane. Stimulation in the region of nucleus ambiguus (amb) produced a rapid rise (by 1 min) in plasma insulin levels, whereas stimulation of brainstem regions further than 500 micrometers from amb had no consistent effect on insulin levels. The amb-induced rise in insulin was markedly exaggerated by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, and was greatly diminished by bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine pretreatment. These results strongly suggest that the amb is one source of vagal motoneurons that facilitate insulin secretion. However, amb electrical stimulation alone also activated an apparent sympathetic efferent output whose inhibitory effect on insulin release could be blocked by phentolamine. PMID- 7018266 TI - Amino acid disposition by liver and gastrointestinal tract after protein and glucose ingestion. AB - Hepatic uptake and gut and splanchnic output of amino acids were determined after administration of protein and glucose loads in conscious dogs with indwelling catheters in the femoral artery and portal and hepatic veins. Oral or parenteral glucose given with a beef meal blunted the rise in arterial amino acids relative to that seen with ingestion of beef alone. Gut amino acid output was considerably delayed with oral hypertonic glucose, but was unchanged with parenteral glucose and with oral isotonic glucose. Ingestion of beef with oral hypertonic mannitol, a nonabsorbable sugar alcohol, delayed the rise in gut amino acid output in a manner similar to that seen with beef plus oral hypertonic glucose. We have evaluated the relationship between circulating amino acids, circulating hormone concentrations, and amino acid metabolism. Significant correlations with hepatic amino acid uptake were found for insulin, for arterial and portal amino acid levels, and for gut amino acid output. Partial correlation analysis suggests that gut amino acid output is the major determinant of hepatic amino acid uptake. PMID- 7018265 TI - Role of follicle wall in meiosis reinitiation induced by insulin in Rana pipiens oocytes. AB - The involvement of the ovarian follicle wall in insulin induction of Rana pipiens oocyte maturation in vitro was examined. Complete removal of the follicle wall significantly decreased, but did not obliterate, oocyte maturation (i.e., germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) induced by insulin. Dose-response studies of GVBD induction revealed that oocytes within intact follicles were at least 100 times more sensitive to insulin than denuded oocytes. Addition of cyanoketone, a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, to intact follicles also suppressed insulin induced GVBD. Inhibitory effects of either follicle wall removal or cyanoketone were not observed when denuded oocytes were treated with progesterone. Addition of either progesterone or pregnenolone to insulin-treated denuded oocytes augmented the oocyte GVBD response compared to either steroid alone and essentially replaced the effect of the follicle wall. In summary, steroidogenesis in the follicle wall appears to be a major factor contributing to the ability of insulin to induce GVBD. However, whether insulin stimulates follicle wall steroidogenesis or simply augments the biological activity of endogenous basal steroid levels is unresolved. The in vitro results show that oocyte maturation can be modulated by the combined actions of several hormones. Such steroid insulin interactions may also be relevant to understanding the control of oocyte maturation in amphibians and other vertebrates, including mammals, under physiological conditions in vivo. PMID- 7018267 TI - Nephrotoxic acute renal failure due to common drugs. AB - Antibiotics are the most common drugs implicated in clinical reports of drug induced nephrotoxicity. The experimental basis for proposed mechanisms of acute renal failure in association with three groups of antibiotics--aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, and amphotericin B--are reviewed in detail. Proposed mechanisms of antibiotic-induced acute renal tubular necrosis involve either altering plasma membrane permeability or interference with cellular energy derived from mitochondria, For either aminoglycoside or cephalosporin antibiotics, cellular accumulation followed by interruption of mitochondrial respiration is the concept that has greatest support, although the possibility of an induced phospholipidosis involving intracellular lysosomes cannot be excluded. Altered renal tubular cell permeability due to the incorporation of amphotericin B into the pore structure of the plasma membrane is consistent with in vivo observation in either clinical or experimental examples of nephrotoxicity with this agent. The metal cis-platinum, used in treatment of neoplastic disease, has a clearly defined incidence of clinical nephrotoxicity with little insight as to cellular mechanisms. A possible mediation involving cis-platinum reducing the protein bound sulfhydryl group of renal tissue has been proposed. With the ever increasing potency of modern pharmacologic agents come a rising risk of serious toxic side effects. PMID- 7018268 TI - Na intake, renal renin, and the severity of myohemoglobinuric renal failure in rats. AB - We have examined the role of dietary Na and renal cortical renin concentration (RCRC) on the severity of glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in the rat. Na loading (1% NaCl to drink) and Na deprivation (Na-free diet) of 5-6 wk duration decreased and increased RCRC, respectively, with respect to control. As assessed by blood urea nitrogen measured 48 h after glycerol injection, the severity of ARF was inversely related to RCRC. However, this was not a causal relationship. Either 6- or 48-h access to 1% NaCl did not lower RCRC of previously Na-deprived rats, but did decrease the severity of ARF. Conversely, 6- or 48-h access to tap water did not increase RCRC of previously Na-loaded rats, but did increase severity of ARF. A significant inverse correlation was found between severity of ARF and Na excretion prior to glycerol injection, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that solute diuresis has a protective effect. PMID- 7018269 TI - Relation between small intestinal motility and circulation. AB - Effects of muscular activity on local blood flow have been delineated in other muscular organs but are part of a complex relationship in the small intestine. Some of our inability to provide a clear picture of the circulatory events surrounding intestinal motility relates to the variety of imprecise techniques that have been used to explore the relationship. Distension of the gut impedes blood flow through the intestinal wall, especially in the mucosa. Stimulation of motility evokes more variable responses in the intestinal circulation, including increases in blood flow; however, the circulatory response reflects mostly the nature of the intervention used to activate motility. Many motor stimuli in the gut have intrinsic vasoactive properties. Spontaneous motor events seem to have only small effects on total blood flow to the small intestine. Reduction in blood flow to the gut evokes initial increases in motility followed by inhibition of motor activity. Products of metabolism in the intestine influence both motor and vascular reactivity. More sensitive methods need to be developed to separate the types of intestinal motor activity, to localize mechanical events in specific sites in the wall of the gut, to better record electrical correlates of motility, and to measure local tissue blood flow. These technical developments will permit delineation of the linkage between motor and vascular events and should identify the regulatory factors. PMID- 7018270 TI - Structural organization of the renal medulla: comparative and functional aspects. AB - The renal medulla develops very differently among species, being more prominent in those with a high urinary concentrating capacity. Attempts to correlate structure and function must consider loops of Henle, collecting ducts, vessels, interstitium, and pelvis. Two types of loops of Henle, long and short, are distinguished. Numerical relationships between both differ among species. Based on the epithelial lining a short loop consists of a thick descending limb (pars recta of proximal tubule), a thin descending limb, and a thick ascending limb. Long loops, in addition, have a thin ascending limb; their descending thin limbs are different from those of short loops and are site of considerable interspecies differences. Collecting ducts form in the cortex by joining several nephrons. Patterns with and without arcade formation are distinguished. On entering inner medulla, collecting ducts fuse successively. Collecting duct epithelium consists of principal and intercalated cells whose individual functions are subject to debate. Blood vessels are arranged in a very strict pattern reflecting that, in addition to nourishment, unique requirements in maintaining the corticomedullary osmotic gradient are to be met. Ultrastructural organization of medullary vessels is less specific compared to cortical vessels. Two types of renal medulla are distinguished. The simple type has vascular bundles consisting only of de- and ascending vasa recta; in the complex type, descending thin limbs of short loops are also integrated into vascular bundles. Functional implications of this difference are considerable. Striking interspecies differences also occur in the renal pelvis. PMID- 7018271 TI - Cardiac output distribution before and after endotoxin challenge in the rooster. AB - Cardiac output and its distribution to selected organs was studied using radiolabeled microspheres in unanesthetized, restrained white Leghorn roosters before and 3 h after an Escherichia coli endotoxin challenge. Cardiac output was not significantly altered in either control or endotoxin-treated animals, nor was there a difference in cardiac output between the two groups. Systemic arterial pressure decreased by 37% in the endotoxin group from 187 +/- 14 to 117 +/- 9 mmHg, thus reflecting a marked reduction in total peripheral resistance. The fraction of cardiac output perfusing the heart, adrenals, and liver (hepatic arterial) was not altered by the challenge. Conversely, the percent of total blood flow received by the kidneys, pancreas, and gut (proventriculus and duodenum) was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced during endotoxemia. Absolute flow to the brain was also decreased. These findings demonstrate that in the rooster endotoxin-induced systemic arterial hypotension is a sufficient stress to cause a redistribution of blood flow, and that the brain in this species (unlike its counterpart in mammals) probably regulates its blood supply passively during periods of hypotension. Conversely, the reduced blood supply to such organs as the gut, pancreas, and kidney following the endotoxin challenge is similar to changes seen in the more commonly studied mammals during experimental endotoxemia. PMID- 7018272 TI - Effect of methacholine on Na+ pump activity and ion content of dispersed avian salt gland cells. AB - The effects of the cholinergic agonist methacholine chloride (MCh) on cellular ion content and Na+ pump activity of dissociated duck salt gland cells were studied. Dispersed salt gland cells regulate intracellular ion levels in a ouabain-sensitive manner. MCh (0.5 mM) caused no detectable change in cell Na+ levels over the first 10 min of exposure of cells to the agonist but elicited decreases of 23 and 13%, respectively, in intracellular Cl- and K+ content. The rate of turnover of salt gland cell plasmalemmal Na+ pumps, as measured by [3H]ouabain binding to the dissociated cells, was markedly stimulated by 0.5 mM MCh, although the total number of binding sites at equilibrium remained unchanged. Replacement of medium Na+ with choline abolished the MCh-stimulated increase in ouabain binding but had no effect on the rate of glycoside binding in the absence of the agonist. Substitution of Cl- in the medium by NO3-, SO42-, or benzene sulfonate- reduced the stimulated component of Na+ pump turnover by 85 90%. Addition of 1 mM furosemide to the medium abolished the increase in ouabain binding and ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption observed after exposure of salt gland cells to MCh. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that cholinergic stimulation of salt gland cells triggers a Cl--dependent uptake of Na+, which elicits a compensatory increase in Na+ pump turnover. In addition, the decrease in cellular Cl- content caused by MCh suggests that the agonist either directly or indirectly mediates an efflux of Cl- from the cells. PMID- 7018273 TI - Overview: deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients, a critical review of outcome studies. AB - The authors performed a critical review of experimental studies on the outcomes for psychiatric patients of 1) alternatives to hospital admission, 2) modifications of conventional hospitalization, and 3) alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization. The internal validity of many of the studies was compromised by shortcomings in design and performance and generalizability limited by selection of patient populations. With these qualifications experimental alternatives to hospital care of patients have led to psychiatric outcomes not different from and occasionally superior to those of patients in control groups. This conclusion is best supported for alternatives to admission and for modifications of conventional hospitalization. The available studies do not permit firm conclusions regarding alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization of chronically ill patients or for a critical analysis of the optimal management of specific subpopulations of psychiatric patients. Satisfactory deinstitutionalization appears to depend on the availability of appropriate programs for care in the community. PMID- 7018274 TI - Review of behavioral psychotherapy, II: sexual disorders. AB - Sexual dysfunction has been shown to respond to a "behavioral Masters and Johnson" approach. Several controlled studies have found this approach to be superior to other methods, with one follow-up showing improvement up to 18 months later. Good results have usually been obtained using one rather than two therapists per couple. This brings into question whether the doubling of expense by use of two therapists is justified by the marginal gains in outcome. Results of early group treatment experiments with couples with sexual dysfunction have been encouraging. Behavioral methods are also useful in reducing a variety of sexual deviations (paraphilias); recent emphasis has moved away from the patient being passively averted by the therapist toward devising his own self-management program, including self-administered aversion when necessary. PMID- 7018275 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of actin: applications in surgical pathology. AB - The contractile protein actin was demonstrated in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded human tissue by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger. Both types of muscular cells and some other cell types showed positive staining. In skeletal muscle, the staining was seen diffusely in the cytoplasm with accentuation of cross-striations (I-bands). The cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells was also diffusely stained. Pericytes of blood vessels and myoepithelial cells of salivary glands and breast were clearly defined by positively stained smooth muscle cells and pericytes; this method proved superior to conventional elastic tissue staining for studying pathological conditions of blood vessels, such as vasculitides or invasion by neoplasms. Participation of myoepithelial cells in neoplasms of the breast and salivary glands could also be evaluated. This method can provide information about histogenesis and differentiation of a variety of soft-tissue neoplasms, in conjunction with other immunohistochemical methods for various tissue-specific markers. PMID- 7018276 TI - Open heart surgery and myocardial revascularization. Historical notes. PMID- 7018277 TI - Changing patterns of surgical training and practice. PMID- 7018278 TI - Surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy; is it ever too late? PMID- 7018279 TI - [Use of Tc99m DTPA for the measurement of extracellular water]. PMID- 7018280 TI - [Determination of extracellular and intracellular volume measurement by total body impedance. Comparison with isotopic technics]. PMID- 7018281 TI - [The fitness of hard-type acrylic resin crowns. Part 1. Effect of various kinds of abutment tooth forms, die materials and cements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018282 TI - The skin window test in rhinoscleroma. AB - The skin window test was applied to evaluate the state of immunity in patients with rhinoscleroma. The use of the patient's own Klebsiella micro-organisms as antigen led to a negligible change in the percentage of lymphoblasts, whereas the use of foreign Klebsiella micro-organisms as antigen resulted in a pronounced change. This finding indicates an impaired cellular immune response. Application of Klebsiella microorganisms as antigen to normal subjects led to a comparatively high percentage of lymphoblastic transformation. This finding suggests the possible use of a standard Klebsiella antigen as a vaccine. The possible use of the skin window test to identify people with deficient T lymphocyte function is discussed as well as its use in monitoring the efficacy of such a vaccine in influencing the cellular immune response. PMID- 7018283 TI - Otoplasty--a contemporary survey. AB - This report examines the various common congenital auricular deformities categorized under the broad heading of the "outstanding ear" and reviews briefly the major contributions to otoplasty surgery. PMID- 7018284 TI - [Oncological aspects of hormonal contraception]. PMID- 7018285 TI - Sir James paget. PMID- 7018286 TI - Dermatopathology in historical perspective. Skin diseases elucidated by anatomic investigation. Description of normal skin by Dr. Gustav Simon. PMID- 7018287 TI - The pied Piper of Hamelin. A medical-historical interpretation. AB - A historical basis is proposed for the 13th-century legend of the Pied Piper, who led away the rats from the town of Hamelin and when refused payment for his services, led away 130 children and disappeared with them in the mountains. It is suggested that the children actually died in an outbreak of disease and were buried in a common grave at the site of the legendary disappearance. The association with rats points to a rodent-borne infection, and the pied (mottled) coat of the piper seems to indicate a disease causing conspicuous macular lesions. Historical and epidemiologic arguments are presented in favor of murine typhus as the predominant infection in the Hamelin epidemic. PMID- 7018288 TI - Mark Podwal. Artist and dermatologist. PMID- 7018289 TI - Setting things right. I. Proper orientation of specimens of skin for embedding in paraffin. PMID- 7018290 TI - Dermatopathology in historical perspective. Skin diseases elucidated by anatomic investigation. Hair in relation to the skin by Dr. Gustav Simon. PMID- 7018291 TI - Glimpses at the life and work of P. G. Unna. PMID- 7018293 TI - Subtle clues to diagnosis by immunopathology. Scarring alopecia. PMID- 7018292 TI - Dr. Bernett Johnson. Dermatopathologist and artist. PMID- 7018294 TI - Effect of ethanol feeding upon levels of a male-specific hepatic estrogen-binding protein: a possible mechanism for feminization. AB - Male, but not female, rat liver cytosol contains an estrogen-binding protein with unique properties: rapid binding of estradiol, high binding capacity, moderate affinity for estradiol, and specificity for steroidal estrogens and weak androgens, but not for nonsteroidal estrogens or other steroids. The estradiol binding activity of this protein is reduced in cytosol from livers of alcohol-fed rats as compared to that from their isocalorically fed controls. The properties of this male-specific hepatic estrogen-binding protein suggest a role for this protein in the regulation of estrogen levels in the male animal. Moreover, the reduction in activity of this unique protein in the liver of alcohol-fed animals may explain, at least in part, the feminization commonly seen in chronic alcoholic men. PMID- 7018296 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol administration on O2 consumption in whole body and perfused liver of the rat. PMID- 7018295 TI - HLA antigen frequencies in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic male alcoholics: a controlled study. AB - Although epidemiological data suggest that the development of cirrhosis in alcohol abusers is related to the duration and amount of ethanol intake, the fact that only a small percentage of alcohol abusers develop cirrhosis remains unexplained and suggests a possible predisposing genetic factor. Several previous studies have reported an association between various human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and alcoholic cirrhosis. In this study HLA antigen frequencies were determined in Anglo- and Spanish-American cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholics and in a control group of nonalcoholic patients without liver disease. No statistically significant differences in HLA frequencies among the groups were found. Our comparisons of HLA frequencies between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholic patients do not support the hypothesis that individual susceptibility to the development of alcoholic cirrhosis is genetically determined. PMID- 7018297 TI - The effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on ethanol binding to hepatic cytochrome P-450 and on certain hepatic and renal parameters in the "long sleep" and "short sleep" mouse. AB - Male mice selected for genetic differences in ethanol-induced sleep time, thereby designated long sleep (LS) an short sleep (SS), were treated with the Lieber DeCarli liquid diet for 25 days. This chronic ethanol treatment produced an increase in liver/body weight and kidney/body weight in SS mice only. In addition, chronic ethanol treatment produced significant increases in both LS and SS treated mice in in vivo ethanol elimination, hepatic cytochromes P-450 and B5, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and hepatic and renal 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity. Genotypic differences were observed in the magnitude of response of microsomal ethanol oxidation per mg of microsomal protein (SS greater than LS). Further, control LS and SS mice possessed substantially different activity of renal 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase. Both lines exhibited similar induced renal 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity after chronic ethanol ingestion. Ethanol binding spectra produced when ethanol was added to hepatic microsomes were examined using double reciprocal plots. Chronic ethanol ingestion produced genotypically related (LS greater than SS) increases in the absorbance change maximum per mg of microsomal protein. No significant changes in the spectral dissociation constant or absorbance change maximum per nM cytochrome P-450 were observed following ethanol treatment. PMID- 7018298 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on plasma levels of LH and the estrous cycle in the female rat. AB - Intragastric intubation of 4 or 8 g/kg of body weight of ethanol per day for 12 consecutive days disrupted the normal estrous cycle in female rats as monitored by vaginal epithelial cell changes. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels were unchanged suggesting that blood ethanol in the 50--100 mg/100 ml range acted as a direct gonadal toxin and not at the hypothalamic-pituitary gland level. PMID- 7018300 TI - Order of appearance of alcoholic symptoms. AB - An extensive alcoholism history questionnaire was administered individually to 102 alcoholics. The results were analyzed by averaging the mean age of first occurrence of each symptom for the whole group, and separately by focusing on the order of appearance within each individual subject. The results of these two approaches are presented and compared. PMID- 7018301 TI - Effects of ethanol on hepatic blood flow in the rat. AB - Hepatic blood flow measured by indocyanine green clearance was studied in rats after an acute intoxicating dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) or after chronic ethanol administration by feeding with alcohol liquid diets. Acute intoxication to normal animals did not modify hepatic blood flow. In chronically alcohol-fed rats, hepatic blood flow was significantly decreased when measured after 15 hr of abstinence. If ethanol was not withdrawn and an acute dose of ethanol was given before the indocyanine green clearance, a decreased hepatic blood flow was not observed. It is suggested that the reduction of hepatic blood flow in recently abstinent chronically alcohol-treated animals is related to the withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 7018299 TI - Evidence of genetic predisposition to alcoholic cirrhosis and psychosis: twin concordances for alcoholism and its biological end points by zygosity among male veterans. AB - Medical histories of the 15,924 male twin pairs in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry were examined to determine, within pairs, concordances for alcoholism and its medical end points. Prevalences per 1,000 among individual twin subjects were 29.6 for alcoholism, 4.1 for alcoholic psychosis, 14.2 for liver cirrhosis, and 2.1 for pancreatitis. Prevalences were similar to monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Prevalences in percent among co-twins of diagnosed subjects, that is case-wise twin concordance rates, were, respectively, by diagnosis: alcoholism: 26.3 (MZ), 11.9 (DZ); alcoholic psychosis: 21.1 (MZ), 6.0 (DZ); and liver cirrhosis: 14.6 (MZ), 5.4 (DZ). No twin pairs concordant for pancreatitis were found. The greater concordance for alcoholic psychosis and for liver cirrhosis among MZ than DZ twins could not be explained by the difference in alcoholism concordance between them. The difference in concordance between MZ and DZ twins persisted when, in addition, it was assumed that only half of the actually occurring cases of alcoholism and of each of the end points have been ascertained. These results provide evidence in favor of genetic predisposition to organ-specific complications of alcoholism and should serve to stimulate searches for the underlying biochemical mechanisms. PMID- 7018302 TI - Sterol metabolism in the rat: effect of alcohol on sterol metabolism in two strains of rats. AB - Sterol metabolism studies using a combination of isotopic and chromatographic procedures were carried out in two strains of rats fed 5% ethanol (36% of calories) in the diet. Feeding ethanol to the Fisher rat over 17 days produced no significant changes in body weight. Cholesterol levels in various tissues were elevated in the ethanol-fed group: plasma cholesterol, +61%; liver cholesterol, +47%; and bile cholesterol, +57%. The alcohol-fed Fisher rat showed several changes in sterol metabolism over controls: fecal acidic steroid output, +13%; fecal neutral sterol output, +51%; endogenous neutral sterol output, +107%; cholesterol turnover, +54%; and cholesterol balance, +18%. Ethanol feeding to the Sprague Dawley rat showed similar differences between ethanol-fed vs. control rats. Cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in plasma (+35%) and in the liver (+81%). Sterol metabolism data showed the following differences (alcohol vs. control): fecal acidic steroid output, +9%; fecal neutral sterol output, +17%; endogenous neutral sterol output, +72%; cholesterol turnover, +33%; and cholesterol balance +13%. The Fisher rat maintained almost constant weight throughout the experimental period and is a preferable strain for sterol balance studies using liquid diets. A major finding of these experiments was the increased concentration of cholesterol in liver, plasma, and bile in both strains of rats. The sterol balance measurements indicated that this tissue accumulation of cholesterol was due to enhanced cholesterol synthesis as well as inhibition of bile acid syntheses. PMID- 7018303 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on testicular content of enzymes required for testosteronogenesis. AB - Ethanol is a known inducer of microsomal enzymes as well as a testicular toxin. In order to evaluate the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion upon the microsomal enzymes required for testosterone synthesis, we examined the activity of four testicular enzymes (3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, 17 alpha hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in 14 pairs of adult chronic alcohol-fed rats and their age-matched isocaloric controls. Ethanol feeding enhanced the activity of 17,20-lyase when expressed as either activity/mg of protein (p less than 0.05) or activity/g of testis (P less than 0.025). Similarly, the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase was increased in testes of the alcohol-fed animals (p less than 0.025) compared to controls. In contrast, chronic ethanol feeding reduced total activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in alcohol-fed animals (p less than 0.05) compared to controls. No effect of ethanol feeding was seen on activity of 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Based upon these studies we conclude that chronic ethanol ingestion (1) increases testicular 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase and (2) reduces 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in rat testicular microsomes. Therefore, we would propose that the major effect of chronic ethanol ingestion upon the enzymes required for testosterogenesis is the reduction of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activity, the rate limiting step in sex steroid production from pregnenolone. PMID- 7018304 TI - Fetal exposure to ethanol enhances pituitary-adrenal and temperature responses to ethanol in adult rats. AB - Long lasting effects of perinatal ethanol exposure were studied in adult rats who were the offspring of dams fed a 5.0% w/v ethanol-containing liquid diet ad libitum or pair-fed the isocaloric control diet during gestation weeks 2 and 3 or during postnatal week 1. Fetal exposure to ethanol reduced body weight of pups at birth unless the ethanol diet was supplemented with casein; neonatal exposure to the ethanol or pair-fed diets, casein supplemented or not, reduced pup weights until day 21 postnatally when weights of all fetally or neonatally exposed pups were normal. Between 52 and 120 days of age females were tested for pituitary adrenal and temperature responses to a challenge dose of ethanol. Prenatally ethanol-exposed rats showed significantly higher plasma corticosterone titers and developed a greater hypothermia in response to an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (0.75--1.5 g/kg) than did pair-fed controls. Similar responses enhancement did not occur in the postnatally ethanol-exposed rats. Temporal patterns of blood ethanol levels after an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.5 g/kg) were similar in prenatally ethanol-exposed females and their pair-fed controls. The data indicate that exposure to ethanol in utero exerts persistent effects on the offspring, rendering them more responsive to the hypothermic and pituitary-adrenal activating effects of alcohol as adults. PMID- 7018305 TI - An evaluation of the effects of lithium in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. I. Clinical results. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of lithium in chronic alcoholism, we enrolled 47 male alcoholics in a prospective double-blind two-period crossover study. Nineteen subjects completed the 6-mo study during which they received lithium and placebo each for a 3-mo period. Self-reported alcohol intake and social and psychological factors were monitored. Three subjects claimed that they did not drink during the study. Mean self-reported alcohol intake of the remaining 16 was less during lithium therapy but was also less during the first treatment period. Neither of these differences reached statistical significance. The nine depressed patients, diagnosed from their profiles of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not consume significantly less alcohol and did not change scores for depression significantly during lithium therapy. We could not demonstrate the lithium therapy was of benefit in our group of alcoholic patients. PMID- 7018307 TI - Disordering effect of ethanol at different depths in the bilayer of mouse brain membranes. PMID- 7018308 TI - Membrane:buffer partition coefficient for ethanol in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Phase transitions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) are followed using optical density measurements, as a function of aqueous ethanol concentration. The shift of the phase transition to lower temperatures is interpreted in terms of the thermodynamics of freezing point depressions. This analysis provides a partition coefficient of ethanol into DMPC of 0.07 liter of solution/kg membrane or 2.64 moles of solvent/mole of DMPC. PMID- 7018306 TI - An evaluation of the effects of lithium in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. II. Assessment of the two-period crossover design. AB - Analysis of self-reported alcohol intake by alcoholic subjects participating in a two-period crossover trial of lithium versus placebo failed to demonstrate a significant effect of lithium in reducing alcohol consumption. An appraisal of the adequacy of this study design to meet the original objective of the trial was undertaken. It was impossible under this study design to simultaneously and unequivocally estimate effects of treatment periods, drug carryover, sequence group and other period by treatment interactions in addiction to the lithium/placebo effects. Presence of one or more of these additional influences on the trial outcome not only complicated the interpretation of results but diminished the power of the trial design to test the major hypothesis of interest, that lithium could reduce alcohol intake. We conclude that the two period crossover design has serious drawbacks in this clinical trial setting and that alternative strategies need to be considered for future trials. PMID- 7018310 TI - Neuroanatomical and functional deficits subsequent to chronic ethanol administration in animals. PMID- 7018309 TI - Brain dysfunction and alcoholism: problems and prospects. PMID- 7018311 TI - Computerized tomography in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7018312 TI - Cerebral blood flow in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7018313 TI - Human evoked brain potentials and alcohol. PMID- 7018315 TI - The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in alcoholics: causal, interactive, or epiphenomenal? PMID- 7018314 TI - Altered sleep physiology in chronic alcoholics: reversal with abstinence. AB - Somnograms obtained from recently abstinent chronic alcoholics reveal gross disruption succinctly described as "fractured" sleep. Sleep onset is delayed and the rhythmic properties of the sleep pattern are markedly disturbed with numerous brief arousals and changes of sleep stage. Excessive stage 1 and stage rapid eye movement sleep are present while the high voltage slow wave sleep is markedly reduced or absent. With continued sobriety (9 mo or more) the sleep stage percentages tend to return to normal levels, but the disruption of the sleep pattern persists after as much as 21 mo of abstinence. PMID- 7018316 TI - Educational preparation for nursing. PMID- 7018317 TI - Bupivacaine infiltration after lumbar laminectomy. Local infiltration in the control of early postoperative lumbar laminectomy pain. AB - This is a report of a double-bind controlled trial to test the hypothesis that peroperative local infiltration of the wound of lumbar laminectomy with bupivacaine produces a significant reduction in postoperative back pain. No such effect was demonstrated when the linear analogue was used to record the patients' subjective response to pain. It is suggested that this treatment is not indicated as a routine method. PMID- 7018318 TI - Termination of cardiopulmonary bypass facilitated by insulin. AB - A 61-year old woman with severe coronary artery disease underwent three-vessel coronary bypass surgery. Difficulty was encountered in terminating cardiopulmonary bypass, but there was dramatic improvement following the administration of intravenous insulin. The use of insulin to facilitate termination of cardiopulmonary bypass is discussed. PMID- 7018321 TI - [A time-saving empirical method to calculate the area under dye dilution curves for the determination of cardiac output (author's transl)]. AB - A simple and time-saving method is given for calculation of the area under dye dilution curves. The analysis of 415 dye dilution curves had shown that the area (A) under the curve, corrected for recirculation by semilogarithmic extrapolation and integrated by planimetry, could be approximated by the product of the concentration peak height (H) and the distance (t75) between the time of indicator appearance and the time of decay of indicator concentration to 75% of peak concentration: A = H.t75. The mean difference between cardiac outputs calculated from such "empirical" areas and from extrapolation-planimetry areas was 6.1 +/- 4.6% (n = 531). About 95% of the "empirical" values were within +/- 15% of the "planimetric" data. No systematic difference was observed for cardiac outputs from 50 to 350 ml/min/kg. Comparison of the presented method with other empirical methods shows, that the presented approximation of dye dilution curves has some advantages. The presented method (and all other empirical methods), however, should not be employed if high precision is required. PMID- 7018320 TI - [Servo-ventilator 900 B with modified registration site for measuring the ventilation pressure. A possibility for reducing the inspiratory resistance during SIMV (author's transl)]. AB - The inspiratory resistance, which a patient has to overcome while doing SIMV and CPAP with a Servoventilator 900 B, can be lowered by a simple modification of the ventilator. This modification is done by measuring the ventilation-pressure at the patients side of the humidifier. Measurements of pressure and flow demonstrated that, with a flow of 11 s-1 a 66%-reduction of the inspiratory resistance can be achieved. PMID- 7018322 TI - Split ejaculate insemination with and without the addition of kallikrein. AB - 48 couples with primary sterility and a therapy-resistant male factor (oligoasthenozoospermia, asthenozoospermia) were subjected to a split ejaculate insemination therapy with and without addition of kallikrein. In all men, in vitro stimulation of sperm motility by kallikrein was possible. 468 inseminations were performed in 341 ovulatory cycles according to the BBT and the cervical score. To the sperm-rich fraction of the split ejaculate physiological saline or physiological saline containing pancreatic kallikrein in a final concentration of 5 units/ml was added and inseminated alternatively over another cycle for a period of one year. The conception optimum was around the 7th insemination cycle. 11 conceptions were obtained after split insemination with kallikrein and 6 conceptions after split insemination without kallikrein. Conception rate was 35%, abortion rate 18%. The sex ratio showed 8 healthy girls to 4 healthy boys. Within the oligoasthenozoospermic group a conception rate of 28% was obtained, whereas the conception rate of the asthenozoospermic group was 43%. In the latter, more than the double number of conceptions were achieved with kallikrein addition. Kallikrein addition showed a beneficial effect particularly in ejaculates with less than 30% progressively motile spermatozoa. The investigation shows the usefulness of split ejaculate inseminations. Furthermore, addition of kallikrein to the ejaculate for the purpose of insemination may be beneficial particularly in patients with therapy-resistant asthenozoospermia. PMID- 7018323 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome. Two post-operative cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe two post-operative Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (A. R. D. S.) due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is attested by serologic arguments and isolement of Eaton Agent in throat cultures. In the first case, exists an activation of the altern way of complement. The unusual relations between Mycoplasma infection and the A. R. D. S., diagnostic and therapeutic are commented. PMID- 7018319 TI - [Anaesthesia and diabetes insipidus. A review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018324 TI - [Unsynchronized ventilation of each lung with a selective and expiratory pressure in treatment of unilateral swallowing pneumopathy (author's transl)]. AB - A case of unilateral lung disease, treated by independent unsynchronized ventilation of each lung, with a selective end expiratory pressure is reported. The better effects of this method seem to be the improvement of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange and the decrease of the intrapulmonary shunt. PMID- 7018325 TI - Extubation from ambient or expiratory positive airway pressure in adults. AB - End-expiratory pressure is often used to improve arterial oxygenation and prevent atelectasis in intubated spontaneously breathing patients. To compare the effect of extubation from low levels of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) of extubation from ambient airway pressure, functional residual capacity (FRC) and arterial blood oxygen tension (Pao2) were measured in 12 spontaneously breathing patients during three conditions in the peri-extubation period: 1) intubated at 5 cm H2O EPAP (EPAP 5); 2) intubated at ambient airway pressure (EPAP 0); and 3) within one hour after extubation. During EPAP 5, mean +/- SE values for FRC (1864 +/- 230 ml) and Pao2 (114 +/- 8 torr) were the same as those obtained after extubation (FRC = 1794 +/- 159 ml, Pao2 = 117 +/- 5 torr). However, both FRC (1600 +/- 186 ml) and Pao2 (106 +/- 8 torr) were lower during EPAP 0 than after extubation or EPAP 5 (P less than 0.01-0.05). The magnitude of increase in FRC and Pao2 on extubation from EPAP 0 varied inversely with the patient's lung thorax compliance (r = -0.84, P less than 0.005). It was concluded that a period of EPAP 0 is not necessary in the weaning period, and that it may be deleterious in patients with compromised lung thorax mechanics. PMID- 7018327 TI - [Characterisation of Corynebacterium vaginale by the fluorescent antibody technic (author's transl)]. AB - When using the serum of rabbits immunized against the reference vaginal strain 594 of Gardner and Dukes, the authors tried to find an antigenic identity between this strain and the usual strains that can ordinarily be detected in vaginal samples. The immunizing process that has been used is indirect immunofluorescence. Through these studies, it is possible to conclude that, besides usual strains identical to the reference strain, some specific strains can be detected that have the same microscopic and cultural characteristics as Corynebacterium vaginale but that are deprived of its antigenic characteristics. PMID- 7018326 TI - Characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens in pigs. AB - The D region of the SLA complex in the pig has been studied by immunochemical and sequential immunoprecipitation techniques as well as the redistribution of membranous antigens (capping). The molecules identifies by the anti-Ia sera were solubilized by NP 40, purified on lectin and precipitated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions shows that these molecules are made up of two chains whose molecular weights are 32000 and 26000 daltons respectively. Sequential immunoprecipitation and capping experiments indicate that two distinct types of Ia molecules exist. At least a part of the nylon-wood adherent lymphocyte population express both types of molecules. PMID- 7018328 TI - Physician influence on patient compliance: a clinical trial. AB - This study was designed to measure the effect of altering three possible impediments to care provided patients with non-emergency problems in a large city hospital emergency department: inadequate patient education by physician, lack of continuity of care, and complex and impersonal clerical procedures. Patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. A senior physician spent extra time with patients in the intervention group to discuss the assessment and management of their problem, bypass the usual clerical procedures at discharge, and promise continuity of care. Patients in the control group were treated in the usual fashion by emergency department nurses and residents. The return rate to the emergency department three weeks after the initial visit was used to measure the effect of the altered care applied to patients in the intervention group. Our hypothesis was that patients in the intervention group would be more likely to return. Of 46 patients in the intervention group 26 returned. Of 43 patients in the control group, 14 returned (chi square 4.23 after Yate's correction, 0.025 less than P less than 0.05). The significance of this improvement is discussed. PMID- 7018329 TI - Cellulitis: initial management. AB - Although Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes cause the majority of cellulitis, recent studies have shown a significant role for Hemophilus influenzae in facial, and less frequently, nonfacial infections. We devised an algorithm for the initial management of cellulitis based on our previous investigations showing a correlation of this organism with fever, leukocytosis, and facial involvement. Children were divided into four groups characterized as follows: Group I - extremity, temperature less than 38.5 C; Group II - extremity, temperature greater than 38.5 C, WBC less than 15,000/cu mm; Group III - extremity, temperature greater than 38.5 C, WBC greater than 15,000/cu mm; and Group IV - facial. Forty-five children were successfully followed. There were 34 in Group I, five in Group II, one in Group III, and five in Group IV. Two children in Group IV and the only child in Group III had H influenzae, recovered form the blood (3) or a direct aspirate (1). All three were febrile, with a range of 39.5 C to 40.1 C and has an elevated white blood cell count with a range of 19,200/cu mm to 26,000/cu mm. With one exception, children with cellulitis not due to H influenzae did not have both fever and leukocytosis. This algorithm allows the clinician to identify children with H influenzae cellulitis who are at risk for septic complications while minimizing unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7018331 TI - Approved residencies in emergency medicine. PMID- 7018330 TI - Colchicine overdose: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Colchicine overdose is an uncommon but serious problem that may be missed or ignored unless the physician is aware of the significant potential for, and the various stages of, toxicity. We report two fatal cases in which the potential for lethal complications was not initially realized. Both patients developed multiple organ damage characteristic of severe colchicine toxicity. Awareness and appropriate initial therapy are important if death is to be prevented in colchicine overdose. PMID- 7018332 TI - Elsa Brown is new president of National League for Nursing. PMID- 7018333 TI - Transgastric approach to posterior juxta-esophageal gastric ulcer. AB - Three cases are reported to illustrate the transgastric techniques for approach to posterior wall juxta-esophageal gastric ulcers. The author emphasizes the importance of making the incision or suture line parallel to the esophagus to avoid compromise of esophageal entry. The advantages of this technique include speed, good direct exposure for a mucosal view, and minimal interruption of gastric blood supply in the exploratory phase before planning a definitive procedure. It is particularly suitable for occasions when surgical risks are increased by obesity or critical clinical status, or when the pathology is strictly localized. PMID- 7018334 TI - Renovascular hypertension after transplantation of a kidney perfused via multiple renal arteries. AB - A case presented in which a kidney with multiple (four) renal arteries was perfused by cannulating the two larger vessels. In spite of precautions to minimize damage at the sites of cannulation, stenosis developed at the orifices of the two principal vessels. This resulted in renovascular hypertension and led eventually to transplant nephrectomy. A technique has subsequently been developed to permit perfusion preservation without direct cannulation of the renal arteries. This completely eliminates cannula-related injury as a cause of renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7018335 TI - Cirrhosis, renin, and aldosterone. PMID- 7018339 TI - [Microsurgery (inguinal free patch grafts in the rat)]. PMID- 7018338 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in coronary artery disease. AB - Serious ventricular arrhythmias, a common complication of coronary artery disease, frequently respond to medical management. When pharmacologic and pacemaker therapy fail to control them, however, surgical therapy must be considered. In this review we assess the efficacy of surgical treatment of these arrhythmias. Coronary revascularization fails to reduce the frequency and complexity of ventricular ectopic activity and may exacerbate them. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation due to acute, reversible ischemic events may respond favorably to coronary revascularization. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation associated with recent myocardial infarction when unresponsive to medical therapy can be managed with coronary revascularization and infarctectomy with comparatively good results. Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia is not optimally treated with coronary artery bypass grafting and myocardial resection. Operations guided by activation mapping that isolate or destroy the site of origin of the ventricular tachycardia show promise. PMID- 7018336 TI - Psyllium therapy in the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind trial. AB - A randomized, double-blind trial of a psyllium preparation was initiated in 77 patients with painful irritable bowel syndrome. Sixty-patients finished and submitted symptom data for 8 weeks while taking placebo (n = 34) or psyllium (n = 26). Increase in normal stools and decrease in pain severity (p less than 0.05) occurred equally in both groups. Subjective improvement was reported by 24 of 34 patients on placebo and 20 or 26 on psyllium (p greater than 0.05). Five symptom variables were significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with patient's subjective global assessment (R = 0.64). Discriminant analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory variables yielded overall rates of correct prediction of 66.1% for whether patients got "much better" and 77.9% for whether they voluntarily dropped from the study. A major placebo effect occurs in patients with painful irritable bowel syndrome and is probably responsible for the efficacy of psyllium. Personality factors influence the magnitude of therapeutic response and whether patients discontinue treatment within 8 weeks. PMID- 7018337 TI - Polycythemia: mechanisms and management. AB - The principal function of erythrocytes is the transport of oxygen. Erythropoiesis proceeds at a rate consistent with the demand for oxygen-carrying capacity, and the major regulator of erythrocyte production is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is produced primarily by the kidney under control of a tissue oxygenation sensor. The recently developed erythropoietin radioimmunoassay should provide a clinically useful tool. Erythrocytosis is a pathologic state characterized by an elevated erythrocyte mass, which may result from increased proliferation of erythroid progenitors due to an intrinsic cellular defect or in response to extrinsic signals. Secondary erythrocytosis results from either physiologically appropriate compensation for inadequate tissue oxygenation or from inappropriate stimulation of erythropoiesis. Erythrocytosis increases oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but at high hematocrit levels increased blood viscosity may result in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. Polycythemia vera is a hematopoietic stem cell disease of clonal origin. Initial results from the Polycythemia Rubra Study Group suggest that therapy with chlorambucil is associated with an unacceptably high risk for development of acute leukemia, and 32P is preferred for situations in which phlebotomy alone is insufficient. PMID- 7018340 TI - Bowlegs procedure for recurrent and primary senile entropion. PMID- 7018341 TI - Posterior subcapsular cataracts induced by topical corticosteroids following keratoplasty for keratoconus. AB - Posterior subcapsular cataracts studied in 86 eyes of 86 patients transplanted for keratoconus were retrospectively studied. The follow-up period ranged between one and four years with a median of 18 months. Twenty-eight eyes developed posterior subcapsular cataracts. The development of posterior subcapsular cataracts was significantly related to the total cumulative steroid dose and the total time steroids were administered (p less than 0.01). Age, surgical technique, and rejection episodes could not be significantly correlated with development of a posterior cataract. The progression of the cataract appeared to be slow, and if topical steroids were discontinued the lens changes appeared to stabilize and progressed in only one patient. The effect of an early posterior subcapsular cataract on visual acuity was minimal in the early stages. PMID- 7018342 TI - Pseudomonas corneal ulcer treated by full-thickness graft in a lamellar bed. PMID- 7018343 TI - Lid necrosis secondary to streptococcal periorbital cellulitis. PMID- 7018344 TI - [Kymalzone in current O.R.L. practice in children]. PMID- 7018345 TI - [Herpes gestationis and prolactin]. PMID- 7018346 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of initiation by Plasmodium berghei of "metabolic windows" in the surface of parasitized erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018347 TI - [Bacteriological peptone obtained from residues of human placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018349 TI - The development of plastic surgery in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7018348 TI - Dermal graft for dural defect. PMID- 7018350 TI - Different letters from the past. 5) Sir Edward Burne-Jones to Rudyard Kipling. PMID- 7018352 TI - Charles Tomes Lecture, 1980. Professional purpose. PMID- 7018351 TI - Chronic herniation of the hindbrain. AB - Herniation of the hindbrain occurs when the lowest parts of the cerebellum and sometimes part of the medulla are moved downwards through the foramen magnum, a pressure difference acting across the foramen magnum moulding the tissues into a plug. It is suggested that the clinical course in both adults and babies with spina bifida may be explained by the hindbrain hernia acting as a valve.The term 'Chiari Type I deformity' is commonly used for an abnormality in which the tonsils and lowermost parts of the cerebellar hemispheres are prolapsed through a normal foramen magnum. Acute herniation may occur as a result of space-occupying lesions. Chronic herniation may be morphologically identical although it tends to be more severe. Sometimes it will produce few symptoms which often may be delayed so that the original causative lesion may not be apparent. Causes include bone softening, tumour, or previous meningitis. Birth injury is probably the commonest cause of the deformity, which presents clinically in adults.In infants with severe forms of spina bifida a hindbrain herniation is present. This abnormality may be called 'Chiari Type II deformity' or Arnold-Chiari deformity and is an intra-uterine abnormality in which the fourth ventricle and medulla are grotesquely herniated before they are properly developed and the foramen magnum is enlarged.The commonest clinical presentation of Chiari Type I deformity is syringomyelia, which is usually not diagnosed until adult life. Other presentations include syringobulbia, headache, oscillopsia, attacks of giddiness, lower cranial nerve palsies, and ataxia. Particularly characteristic are cough headache and cough syncope. Syringomyelia and syringobulbia in particular may be irreversible by the time they are diagnosed. Nevertheless, surgical decompression may be successful in relieving symptoms of headache, cough syncope, and long tract compression; most cases of syringomyelia show some improvement and in others progression of the disease is arrested. Operative techniques for hindbrain herniation are discussed.Chiari Type II deformity is probably responsible for the progression of hydrocephalus after birth in the majority of babies with spina bifida. Measurement of pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid above and below the foramen magnum shows that intermittent pressure difference is commonly present at times of neurological deterioration. Surgical decompression of the hernia in adults allows correction of the valvular effect, which may be monitored by pressure measurements. In babies the associated hydrocephalus is usually so gross that it requires separate treatment, but pressure monitoring may be of value in assessing the state of the disease. PMID- 7018353 TI - John Hunter and venereal disease. AB - John Hunter's contribution to the understanding of venereal disease is reviewed. Hunter's evidence for the unitary nature of these diseases is examined and the advances he made in diagnosis, pathology, and management are considered. PMID- 7018354 TI - McIndoe Memorial Lecture, 1980. In quest of perfection: training in plastic surgery. AB - The history, organisation, and present pattern of training in plastic surgery in the United Kingdom are outlined and suggestions made for its future development. PMID- 7018356 TI - The history and evolution of surgical instruments. I. Introduction. PMID- 7018357 TI - [Radiologic examination in shigellosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018358 TI - [The stabilization in emergency of the complex open traumatisms of the wrist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018359 TI - [Epiperineural nerve sutures and neurilemmatic sutures. Comparative clinical results about 109 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018360 TI - [The "disconnecting-reconnecting" technique of the neurovascular island pedicle flap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018355 TI - Studies on the treatment and prevention of colorectal liver metastases. AB - Liver metastases occur in as many as 50% of patients with colorectal cancer and are regarded as a principal cause of death. Both clinical and experimental studies have been undertaken in an attempt to understand the haemodynamic changes occurring in established liver metastases. Trials of various forms of treatment based on these observations are described. In addition attempts to reduce the incidence of subsequent liver metastases are discussed. PMID- 7018361 TI - The effect of amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide combination vs furosemide plus potassium supplementation in the treatment of oedema of cardiac origin. AB - In this double-blind multicentre study efficacy and safety of amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide (A/HCTH) combination and furosemide plus potassium supplementation (FUR/P) was compared after four weeks basal period -- FUR/P period. 43 patients entered the double-blind period which lasted for ten weeks. Congestive heart failure was well controlled in both of those treatment groups. There was only one patient (FUR/P-group) whose daily dose had to be increased. According their own evaluation the patients tolerated the A/HCTH combination (48%) better than the FUR/P combination (30%). In the A/HCTH-group one clinically significant case of hypokalaemia was found which caused the therapy to be stopped. In the FUR/P-group two patients discontinued the treatment because of clinical side effects. In the long-term therapy of congestive heart failure hydrochlorothiazide together with potassium-sparing amiloride is a pleasant and effective therapy for patients with normal renal function, but the risk of hypokalaemia must be kept in mind also when using this combination. PMID- 7018362 TI - Lipids and thrombogenesis. PMID- 7018363 TI - Antihypertensive action of drug combination: Timolol, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene. AB - A fixed combination tablet containing 5 mg of timolol, 25 mg of hydralazine, 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 37.5 mg of triamterene was prepared and its antihypertensive effect compared with placebo in a randomized double-blind cross over study lasting 16-20 weeks. 37 patients entered the study and 32 of them completed it. The trial drug caused a highly significant drop in blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions (from 172/112 to 142/91 mm Hg supine and from 168/17 to 136/100 mm Hg standing). There was also a highly significant fall in heart rate. Three patients were nonresponders with maximal dose used (4 tablets daily) and two patients had to withdraw from the trial because of complications. In general the side effects recorded were mild and equally common both on placebo and the trial drug. The serum potassium level was well maintained. The serum urate concentration was increased, but no signs of gout were observed. The conclusion was that this fixed combination of timolol, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7018365 TI - The role of coronary arterial bypass operations. PMID- 7018364 TI - HDL-cholesterol: the negative risk factor for coronary heart disease. AB - High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) has emerged as a negative risk factor for coronary heart disease. Humans with low levels of HDL-cholesterol are at greater risk of developing coronary heart disease whereas those with high levels are less prone. The epidemiological and biological evidence of this association are strong. As a predictor of coronary heart disease risk, HDL cholesterol is independent of the other risk factors and is the most powerful lipid predictor. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the serum HDL cholesterol level. Two physiological mechanisms may explain the presumed protective effect of HDL-cholesterol. However, controlled trials of intervention on the effect of rising HDL-cholesterol on coronary heart disease risk are not yet available. The physician is recommended to include HDL-cholesterol determination as part of his approach to the management of hyperlipoproteinemia. But he is cautioned against the pitfalls of methodology and data interpretation. PMID- 7018366 TI - Reappraisal of thromboplastin. AB - Proficiency testing surveys in the state of New York indicate that despite increased sophistication in instrumentation, there has been no real improvement in interlaboratory reproducibility in prothrombin-time determinations over the last 10 years. This lack of improvement most pronounced in the therapeutic range of 20 to 30 sec. One reason may be that between types produced by the same manufacturer. While it has been possible in several laboratories to synthesize experimentally a thromboplastin with known content of lipid and active protein, no efforts have been made to make such a product by the same manufactures. While it has been made to make such a product commercially available. Blood levels of of warfarin were measured but cannot be reliably used to monitor anticoagulation. In a preliminary study, factor Xa activity was measured using chromogenic substrate S2222. Factor Xa activity gave a positive correlation with prothrombin times of patients receiving warfarin therapy. Chromogenic substrate factor assays may represent a future method of choice for controlling anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7018368 TI - Trace metals and hemoglobin metabolism. AB - Hemoglobin is composed of two pairs of globin chains to which are attached four iron-containing metalloporphyrins. Factors regulating hemoglobin synthesis include the availability of iron and the presence of heme. Heme production occurs by enzymatic synthesis and includes a step mediated by aminolevulinic acid dehydrase, which is zinc-dependent and, thus, susceptible to the toxic effects of other metals. The intake of iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, cadmium or lead may affect hemoglobin levels by an influence on availability of iron or heme. PMID- 7018367 TI - New Concepts in the pathogenesis of acute tubular necrosis associated with sepsis. AB - The kidneys of rhesus monkeys, infused either with a single bolus of endotoxin(10 mg per KG) or continuously at the rate of 10 mg per kg per hour for periods of up to 22 hours, have been examined by light and electron microscopy. Monkeys infused continuously with Ringer's lactate were used as controls. Only minor morphologic changes were observed in those animals receiving a bolus of endotoxin. In the animals continuously infused, sequestration of neutrophils and monocytes was observed in the peritubular capillaries and, to a lesser extent, in the glomeruli. These changes were associated with phagocytosis of endotoxin, occasional fibrinous deposits, and extensive endothelial damage with focal capillary disruption. In the advanced stages, interstitial edema and early necrosis of tubular epithelium were observed. Our data indicate that endothelial damage and associated events relating to the sequestration of phagocytic leukocytes involve the peritubular capillaries primarily and that this process plays a role in the genesis of acute tubular necrosis associated with endotoxemia. In preliminary studies involving the study of kidneys from patients dying with documented Gram negative sepsis and acute renal failure, sequestered nucleated cells have been observed in the peritubular capillaries of the renal cortex and upper medulla. This suggests that similar patterns of endotoxin mediated vascular injury may be occurring in human sepsis. PMID- 7018369 TI - Cadmium nephropathy. AB - Cadmium, an important environmental toxic agent has the kidney as its most important target organ. It is concentrated mainly in the renal cortex. Excessive renal accumulation of cadmium causes well defined morphological and ultrastructural pathological changes in the proximal tubules. Functional changes accompanying cadmium nephropathy include proteinuria, enzymuria, aminoaciduria, glycosuria, polyuria, hepercalciuria, increased urinary uric acid, and cadmium. The observed proteinuria has two components: low molecular weight proteinuria of tubular origin (excess excretion of proteins such as B2-microglobulin) and high molecular weight proteinuria of glomerular origin, (excretion of proteins such as albumin, IgG, transferrin, etc.) The proposed mechanisms of cadmium nephropathy are reviewed. The involvement of metallothionein in cadmium nephropathy and the nephrotoxic effects of cadmium-thionein are discussed. PMID- 7018370 TI - In vitro methods for detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - The possible pathologic consequences of the presence of circulating immune complexes in certain disease states has caused considerable attention to be given to the development of laboratory procedures capable of quantitatively measuring the presence of immune complexes in serum. Many assays are available which utilize differing properties of immune complexes for their detection. Examples of assays which depend on different biologic properties of circulating immune complexes are presented and discussed. Included are the Raji cell assay, Clq binding assay, inhibition of rheumatoid agglutination, and nephelometric assays for determination of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7018371 TI - Platelets and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Clinical studies suggest that the microthrombi characteristically found in hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may be the consequence of an uncontrolled platelet-endothelial interaction. A defect in prostacyclin production which is corrected by normal plasma may be the fundamental pathogenic mechanism. For this reason, efforts should be made to confirm the recent case reports which suggest that plasma infusion or exchange may be more effective than hemostatic inhibitors in the achievement of clinical remission in HUS. PMID- 7018372 TI - Inherited disorders of amino acid transport in relation to the kidney. AB - Cystinuria was first described in 1810. Since the initial description, a group of renal cellular transport deficit diseases has been characterized. The study of genetic diseases that create a specific aminoaciduria has expanded our knowledge of cellular structure, cellular transport, and intracellular concentration gradients. A review of the theories and experimental data obtained through investigations of the renal aminoacidurias are presented. PMID- 7018373 TI - Current status of renal clearances. AB - Determination of renal clearances continues to have value in clinical situations. Current knowledge of renal function permits expansion of the clearance concept to include non-excretory mechanisms by which kidneys clear substances from blood. Measurement of clearances is useful in quantifying renal function, progression of renal disease, response to therapy, determining the amount of dialysis required. Because accurate chemical methods are clinically cumbersome, isotopic techniques are under development and simple, accurate methods are approaching routine availability. PMID- 7018374 TI - [Biosynthesis and hormonal regulation of IGF (insulin-like growth factors, or somatomedins). Experimental and clinical studies (author's transl)]. AB - Rat liver explants in culture release into the culture medium IGF and their carrier which form a complex with an apparent molecular weight of similar to or approximately 40,000. With gel filtration in acetic acid the IGF are separated from their carrier and each can then be measured by radioligand assay. In terms of their hormonal control "in vitro", GH, insulin and cortisol have an independent action on each. Pituitary and various brain tissues in organ culture also produce IGF and their carrier. The "in vitro" regulation of the IGF and their carrier has been investigated through assays of their levels in human serum under normal and pathological conditions, such as hypopituitarism, acromegaly, coeliac disease, Cushing's syndrome and idiopathic short or tall stature. PMID- 7018375 TI - [Growth factor activity on cultured chondrocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Somatomedins and vitamin D metabolites have been shown to interact with cartilage metabolism. In the present work their stimulating effect on the growth of rabbit cultured chondrocytes is studied. These cells possess specific binding sites for an insulin like preparation (ILA) distinct from insulin binding sites. They also possess specific nuclear binding sites for one vitamin D metabolite : 24,25- (OH)2D3. In the absence of seric factors, these two types of hormone stimulate the proteoglycan synthesis but do not increase DNA polymerase activities in chondrocytes. Another type of growth factor enhances the cellular multiplication but inhibits the specific protein synthesis (Fibroblast growth factor or Retinal factor). When DNA polymerase activities are induced by fetal calf serum, ILA or vitamin D metabolites may increase the rate of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7018377 TI - [Relationships between growth, and plasma growth hormone and growth factors under normal physiological conditions and during pathological states (author's transl)]. AB - Growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin (Sm) are the main factors of human growth. Sm is GH-dependent, but Sm increase after hGH injection in hypopituitary dwarfs is slow, and preceded by a decrease. The liver and kidneys are the main places of Sm production in vivo, the liver having probably also a regulatory effect. In vitro, GH-dependent production of Sm may be obtained from fibroblasts as well as from liver cells. Sm activates thymidine uptake by cultured human fibroblasts and by activated human lymphocytes, this effect needing cofactors from serum. Discrepant correlations between growth, GH and Sm are found in some pathological situations, such as obesity, craniopharyngioma, celiac disease, infantile malnutrition. Moreover, transferrin, a plasma protein, correlates also with growth. PMID- 7018376 TI - [Growth factors with identical insulino-situations : IGF I and II, NSILA and somatomedins (author's transl)]. AB - NSILA consists of two polypeptides of known structure. IGF I and II are close relatives of insulin. 50% of all amino acid residues in the A-and B-region of IGF I and II are situated in identical positions as in the A-and B-chain of insulin. A C-region of 12 and 8 residues respectively connects the A-and B-region in IG FI and II. A D-region of 8 and 6 residues extends the A-region of IGF I and II. 17 of all invariable 19 amino acid residues in the insulin molecules of all known species are also present in IGF. IGF is attached to a carrier protein in serum. The latter inhibits its action on adipose tissue and muscle. Therefore, IGF cannot be measured in serum but, rather, must be dissociated from the binding protein before quantitation. Most tissues appear to have IGF binding sites for which insulin does not compete with the exception of fibroblasts. IGF probably acts via interaction with the IGF receptor, with the exception of adipose tissue where the IGF effect is mediated by the insulin receptor. The concentration of IGF I in serum is under growth hormone control. It is elevated in acromegalics and decreased in pituitary dwarfs and Laron dwarfs. IGF I and II are potent stimulators of cell growth in culture. Their growth stimulating effect in vivo has not yet been unequivocally proven. PMID- 7018378 TI - [Hormones and development of sexual behaviour in the domestic sheep (author's transl)]. AB - All motor patterns of male sexual behaviour can be observed in young lambs from the first days of the life. They considerably increase on weeks 2 to 5 when they decrease dramatically and remain stable up to over 6 months of age. This evolution has no direct relation with that of the physiological events. The adult female has a complete bisexual potentiality. The development of the sexual behaviour during ontogeny appears as a continuous process rather than to be limited to the period of puberty or sexual differentiation. PMID- 7018380 TI - [Insulin resistance during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Whereas insulin secretion in response to IV glucose is markedly increased between day 17 and 21 of gestation in the Rat, glucose disappearance rate remains unchanged. This suggests that maternal tissues become less sensitive to endogenous insulin. Glucose kinetics (glucose production, utilization and clearance) in response to various doses of IV insulin have been studied in 19 day pregnant and virgin rats by using [6-3H] glucose. With a supramaximal dose of insulin (4 U/kg body wt) no difference was found between pregnant and virgin rats. In contrast, with the two inframaximal doses of insulin (0.15 & 0.05 U/kg) glucose production was not decreased in pregnant rats whereas it was inhibited by 36 and 13% in virgin rats. Moreover the increase in glucose clearance was higher in virgin (186 & 146 %) than in pregnant rats (160 & 124 %). This suggests that decreased sensitivity to insulin in late pregnancy involves both liver and peripheral tissues. In vitro, glucose transport and metabolism were stimulated to the same extent by insulin in soleus muscles of pregnant and virgin rats. This suggests that insulin resistance in pregnancy could result from circulating antagonists of insulin (FFA, progesterone, placental lactogen). PMID- 7018379 TI - [Modulation by the central nervous system (CNS) of the activity of the endocrine pancreas]. AB - Electrical stimulation of Nucleus Ambiguus (NA) and of Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) produces a sympathetic response that partly inhibits insulin secretion in anesthetized rats in vivo. This inhibitory component is accompanied by a stimulatory one that can, in both cases, be revealed by the infusion of an alpha blocker to the rats. The analogy between the stimulatory effect on insulin secretion due to NA or LH electrical stimulation is only partial. Indeed the NA induced insulin secretion is abolished by vagotomy, while that induced by LH stimulation appears to be mediated by possible release of humoral factor(s). Acute bilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in anesthetized rats produce, within minutes, an hyperinsulinemia that is abolished by superimposed vagotomy. Semi-chronic (7 d.) lesions of the VMH in rats result in changes in the activity of their subsequently isolated perfused pancreases. Indeed, and compared to controls, pancreases from VMH-lesioned rats oversecrete insulin and glucagon while undersecreting somatostatin. Such alterations due to lesions of the VMH appear to be the result of increased vagal activity and (possibly via a trophic effect of the nerve) of increased cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors. CNS organisation of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice is abnormal when compared to controls. Abnormalities are mainly a relative increase of the size of neurons of the LH and the dorsomotor nucleus of the vagus (DMX), compared to that of other CNS neurons. These abnormalities could conceivably play a role in the genesis of hyperinsulinemia of these animals. PMID- 7018381 TI - Evaluation of rosaramicin phosphate in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits. AB - The in vivo activity of rosaramicin phosphate in disseminated and localized Treponema pallidum infections in rabbits was compared with that of penicillin G benzathine. Rabbits were injected either intradermally or intravenously to establish infection. Groups of four animals each then received either two weekly injections of 200,000 U of penicillin G benzathine, injections of 12.5 or 25 mg of rosaramicin per kg of body weight twice a day for 10 days, or no antibiotic therapy. Treatment of the intradermal and intravenous infections was initiated on days 7 and 14 postinfection, respectively. With both infection models, striking differences were noted between the untreated control rabbits and the three groups receiving treatment; no discernible differences, however, were detected among any of the treated groups. Rabbits that had been infected intravenously did not develop disseminated lesions or orchitis after treatment, and chancres produced by intradermal infection regressed and healed rapidly after the initiation of therapy. Continued increases in treponemal and nontreponemal antibody titers posttreatment did not occur in any of the treated rabbits. Infectivity studies also suggested that the lymph nodes and testes of treated animals were free from infectious organisms. Overall, at the dosage regimens employed, both rosaramicin and penicillin G benzathine appeared to effect complete control of the experimental disease. PMID- 7018382 TI - Mutational loss of susceptibility to mutacin GS-5 in Streptococcus pyogenes: surface protein in a tolerant variant. AB - A variant (S4340) nonsusceptible to mutacin GS-5 was previously obtained from a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes susceptible to this bacteriocin. The variant was found to adsorb as much bacteriocin as parent cells and exhibit similar susceptibility to seven antibiotics and two detergents. Electrophoretic analysis of protein dissociated from mutant cells by brief sonication revealed the presence of a 74,000-dalton polypeptide not discernible in profiles obtained from susceptible parent cells. The precise role of this tolerance-associated marker remains to be determined. The protein does not appear to be an exported product transiently associated with the cell envelope. PMID- 7018383 TI - Purification and some properties of a cephalosporinase from Proteus vulgaris. AB - The purified cephalosporinase from Proteus vulgaris hydrolyzed a variety of cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, at a high level; its activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid. PMID- 7018384 TI - Combined in vitro effect of amphotericin B and rifampin on Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - The combination of amphotericin B and rifampin was synergistic in vitro in both inhibiting and killing seven strains of Cryptococcus neoformans by the checkerboard microtitration technique. PMID- 7018385 TI - Increase in colony-forming units of Candida albicans after treatment with polyene antibiotics. AB - Polyene antibiotics, at concentrations which do not cause detectable toxic effect, induce an increase in the number of colon-forming units of yeast cells of Candida albicans. This effect, which we attribute to an increase in plating efficiency, is probably caused by binding of the polyenes to fatty acids in the cell wall of fungi. PMID- 7018387 TI - R plasmid with carbadox resistance from Escherichia coli of porcine origin. AB - Escherichia coli isolates of porcine fecal origin from a farm where the antibacterial agent carbadox was used were examined for resistance to carbadox (Cdxr). Of 72 strains examined, 24 showed resistance to this drug. All 24 Cdxr strains, except one, were also resistant to tetracycline (Tcr), streptomycin (Smr), spectinomycin (Spcr), sulfadimethoxine (Sur), kanamycin (Kmr), ampicillin (Apcr), or a combination of tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and ampicillin. The Cdxr character was invariably transmissible by conjugation to E. coli K-12 jointly with other drug resistance, with the resistance patterns present in transconjugants being Cdxr Smr Spcr Apcr or Cdxr Smr Spcr Sur Apcr. About 25% of these transconjugants simultaneously lost the resistance to carbadox, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and ampicillin or carbadox, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and ampicillin or carbadox, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and ampicillin in the presence of acriflavine. Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid from a transconjugant showed a single plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid molecule with a molecular weight of about 28 x 10(6), which was capable of transforming E. coli C to Cdxr Smr Spcr Apcr. This resistance was transmissible by conjugation as a unit to other K-12 strains. These results confirmed the presence of an R plasmid specifying the Cdxr character in the host strain. PMID- 7018386 TI - Effects of penicillin on group A streptococci: loss of viability appears to precede stimulation of release of lipoteichoic acid. AB - The rate of killing of a group A streptococcal species by penicillin was compared with the release of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and its deacylated derivative, dLTA. Although there was no stimulation of release from stationary-phase cells in the presence of penicillin, there was dramatic release of LTA and dLTA from exponential-phase cells after the addition of penicillin. Although decreases in viability were observed within 15 min after addition of penicillin, culture mass and LTA content did not appear to be affected until after 30 min. Stimulation of release of LTA and dLTA appeared to take place after 15 but before 30 min after addition of penicillin. These observations are interpreted to indicate that the stimulation of release of LTA and dLTA in response to penicillin is secondary to the killing event. PMID- 7018389 TI - Differences between ceftizoxime and its stereoisomer in antibacterial activity and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. AB - A new cephalosporin derivative, ceftizoxime (syn FK 749), and its anti isomer, FR 14060, were compared in antibacterial activity, outer membrane permeability, stability to beta-lactamases, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), using Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 and Enterobacter cloacae 58-5 as the test organisms. Although ceftizoxime was superior in antibacterial activity to FR 14060, no marked differences between the two agents were found in outer membrane permeability and stability to cephalosporinase. However, the affinity for PBPs and stability to penicillinase of ceftizoxime and FR 14060 differed significantly. Concentrations of ceftizoxime required to reduce [14C]penicillin G binding by 50% were below 1 microgram/ml for PBPs 1a and 1bs of E. cloacae 58-5 and below 3.2 microgram/ml for PBPs 1a and 1bs of E. coli NIHJ JC-2. A more than 10-fold-higher concentration of FR 14060 was required for 50% reduction of (14C]penicillin G binding to PBP 1bs of strains tested. Ceftizoxime was severalfold more stable than FR 14060 to penicillinase, but the antibacterial activity of both drugs against penicillinase-producing E. coli was as strong as against non-penicillinase-producing E. coli. These results indicate that the difference between the two compounds in antibacterial activity is likely to be due to differences in their abilities to inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization. PMID- 7018390 TI - beta-Lactam resistance in Serratia marcescens: comparison of action of benzylpenicillin, Apalcillin, Cefazolin, and ceftizoxime. AB - The intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Serratia marcescens IFO 12648 were investigated, comparing the action of benzylpenicillin, apalcillin, cefazolin, and ceftizoxime. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for this strain were 1,600, 3.13, 6,400, and 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid markedly reduced the minimal inhibitory concentrations of benzylpenicillin and cefazolin, whereas those of apalcillin and ceftizoxime were not influenced. S. marcescens IFO 12648 produced only a low level of beta-lactamase activity constitutively, and the production was considerably increased by the addition of benzylpenicillin. Cefazolin was hydrolyzed rapidly by beta-lactamase activity, whereas benzylpenicillin, apalcillin, and ceftizoxime were poorly hydrolyzed. Peptidoglycan synthesis in ether-treated strain IFO 12646 cells was inhibited by a concentration of ceftizoxime markedly lower than that of cefazolin and by a concentration of apalcillin moderately lower than that of benzylpenicillin. PMID- 7018391 TI - Nifurzide, a nitrofuran antiinfectious agent: interaction with Escherichia coli cells. AB - This paper presents a study of the interactions between Escherichia coli cells and nifurzide, a nitrofuran derivative which is used as an intestinal antiinfectious agent. At low concentrations of nifurzide, the growth rate of the cultures decreased, and elongated, nonseptate cells appeared. At high concentrations, complete growth inhibition occurred, accompanied by a rather strong bactericidal effect, but the appearance of the cells was normal; in particular, no bacteriolytic effect was observed. A very large number of antibiotic molecules were bound per bacterial cell. After cell disruption, similar amounts of nifurzide were found in the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membranes, and cell wall, respectively. Most of the bound nifurzide was rapidly degraded or became protein bound. The structure of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide appeared to have little influence on the activity of nifurzide. PMID- 7018388 TI - Genetic study of plasmid-associated zonal resistance to lincomycin in Streptococcus pyogenes. AB - The phenomenon of zonal resistance to lincomycin, which is characteristic of most clinical isolates with lincomycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes, has been studied. These strains grow within a defined concentration range of lincomycin (approximately 60 to 200 microgram/ml), or at lincomycin concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration for susceptible strains. It is shown that the zonal growth phenomenon is a stable phenotype and results from induction of resistance only within the zonal concentration range of lincomycin. These strains also possess inducible resistance to erythromycin which is nonzonal in character. One-step mutations to constitutive resistance have been isolated which are of two types: constitutive for lincomycin or for erythromycin, but not for both. Those strains with constitutive erythromycin resistance retain their zonal resistance for lincomycin. Mutants doubly constitutive for both lincomycin and erythromycin can be obtained by a second mutational step from either of the singly constitutive mutants. Satellite deoxyribonucleic acid has been shown to be present in the zonal resistant strains. A plasmid, pSM10419, of 14.9 megadaltons, has been isolated from one of the doubly constitutive mutants and used to jointly transform Streptococcus sanguis strain Challis to constitutive resistance to both lincomycin and erythromycin. From this, a multicopy plasmid of reduced size, pSM10 (5.4 megadaltons), which retains its resistance phenotype, has been isolated and mapped with restriction endonucleases HindIII (three sites), EcoRI (one site), KpnI (one site), and HpaI (one site). The staphylococcal plasmid pC221 (2.9 megadaltons; chloramphenicol resistant) has been fused to pSM10 at the EcoRI site resulting in a chimeric plasmid, pSM10221 (8.3 megadaltons), which retains resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin. pSM10 is therefore suggestive as an effective cloning vehicle for the genus Streptococcus. PMID- 7018392 TI - Sequestration of the chloroquine receptor in cell-free preparations of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei. AB - When mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei were preincubated with [14C]chloroquine and then lysed by hypotonic shock, chloroquine remained bound to the resulting cell-free preparation. In an isotonic medium at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C, chloroquine was bound to the cell-free preparation with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.8 x 10(-7) M. The bound [14C]chloroquine could be displaced by nonradioactive chloroquine, amodiaquine, quinacrine, and mefloquine, as would be predicted from knowledge of the specificity of ferriprotoporphyrin IX for antimalarial drugs. Also, as predicted, primaquine did not displace the [14C]chloroquine. The ability of these cell-free preparations to bind chloroquine with high affinity decreased rapidly with incubation at 37 degrees C and became undetectable within 1 h; at 4 degrees C the decrease occurred more slowly. This behavior of the endogenous receptor-chloroquine complex was duplicated by an exogenous ferriprotoporphyrin IX-chloroquine complex loaded into cell-free preparations of erythrocytes infected with P. berghei. These findings support the hypothesis that ferriprotoporphyrin IX is the endogenous chloroquine receptor of P. berghei and indicate that it can be sequestered rapidly in a form that is inaccessible to chloroquine. PMID- 7018393 TI - Interaction of haemocin with Escherichia coli. AB - The bactericidal activity of haemocin, a bacteriocin produced by Haemophilus influenzae b, for Escherichia coli CR34 could be blocked by the addition of 2,4 dinitrophenol. No inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol of the haemocin activity on H. influenzae Rd strain C25 was demonstrated. The data suggest an energy-dependent step in the mode of action of haemocin on strain CR34. PMID- 7018394 TI - Effects of halo analogs of glycerol 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate upon Escherichia coli. AB - The fluoro and chloro analogs of glycerol 3-phosphate inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and affect bacterial enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. PMID- 7018396 TI - Evaluation of in vivo susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. PMID- 7018395 TI - Rapid distinction between micrococci and staphylococci with furazolidone agars. AB - Furazolidone agar proved to be a suitable medium for separating strains of the genera Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. 720 isolates (including 24 type strains) of gram- and catalase-positive cocci were tested for growth on tryptone soya and peptone agar with the addition of 50 microgram/ml furazolidone. The results were compared with the classification obtained by the standard-O/F-test and by the test system of Schleifer and Kloos. For routine identification and separation of staphylococci from micrococci a peptone agar with 20 microgram furazolidone/ml is recommended. PMID- 7018397 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility test: a comparison of the results of four methods. PMID- 7018398 TI - Identification of Haemophilus ducreyi. PMID- 7018399 TI - Isolation of polysaccharide antigens from the cell wall of group B Streptococcus, type Ib. PMID- 7018400 TI - Isolation of bacteria from the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 7018401 TI - Distribution of Clostridium botulinum around fishing areas of the western part of Indonesian waters. AB - A survey was carried out to determine the presence of Clostridium botulinum in samples of sediment and seafoods from the fishing areas of the western part of Indonesian waters. Among the 3,433 samples, 82 (2.4%) were positive for C. botulinum. Type E was not found. PMID- 7018402 TI - Ethanol metabolism in guinea pig: in vivo ethanol elimination, alcohol dehydrogenase distribution, and subcellular localization of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in liver. PMID- 7018403 TI - New proteolytic enzymes in yeast. PMID- 7018404 TI - Chronic bullous disease with coexistent circulating IgG and IgA anti-basement membrane zone antibodies. AB - Coexistent circulating IgG and IgA anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies were demonstrated in a patient with chronic bullous disease. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy showed IgG, IgA, and C3 deposits in a linear pattern at the BMZ in the patient's uninvolved skin. Ultrastructurally, the bulla was formed beneath the basal lamina as in dermatitis herpetiformis. This investigation might provide evidence for the immunologic overlap of bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7018405 TI - Migratory silicone granuloma. AB - A 38-year-old woman had a migratory silicone granuloma of the left upper portion of the chest and left upper arm secondary to a ruptured breast implant. The initial diagnosis was factitial panniculitis. With the common use of silicone in cosmetic surgery, physicians should inquire into a possible history of silicone injections or implants before ascribing a factitial cause to foreign-body granulomas. PMID- 7018407 TI - Ketotifen in the prophylaxis of childhood asthma. PMID- 7018406 TI - Renin and angiotensin levels in children. AB - Plasma renin activity, plasma renin concentration, and angiotensin II levels were measured in 63 normal children aged between 2 months and 12 years. The results showed that the high levels of renin and angiotensin II present in infancy remained above adult levels throughout the first decade of life but that there was a decline with age. Boys less than 8 years old had lower plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels than girls of a similar age; this may be due to a relative substrate deficiency. Serum urea levels were inversely correlated with plasma renin activity in both sexes. A significant inverse relationship was found between both plasma renin activity and angiotensin II, and serum sodium in the girls; a similar, although not statistically significant, relationship was seen with plasma renin activity in the boys. An inverse correlation was found between plasma renin concentration and diastolic blood pressure for the group as a whole. PMID- 7018409 TI - Double-blind trial of dapsone against placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Dapsone given over 14 weeks in a dose of 50 mg a day for 1 week and thereafter 100 mg a day was found to have a beneficial effect in rheumatoid arthritis when compared with placebo administration to a matched group of patients. Significant improvement in 5 out of 7 clinical measurements and in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, viscosity, C-reactive protein was found in those patients taking dapsone. There was significant improvement compared to the placebo group in 2 out of the 7 clinical measurements and again in all 3 acute-phase reactants. The drug was quite well tolerated over the 14-week duration of the trial. The tendency to cause haemolysis will be its main limiting factor as a practical alternative to other suppressive agents currently in use. PMID- 7018410 TI - Immunoprotein deposition in synovial tissue in Reiter's syndrome. AB - The aetiology of Reiter's syndrome (RS) is unknown. In order to evaluate the role of immunological mechanisms in this disease we performed synovial biopsies on 12 patients with RS looking for deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components in synovial tissue. By immunofluorescent techniques 11 synovia were found to have immunoprotein deposition. IgM deposition was found around vessels in 8 synovia and in the interstitial tissue in 4. C3 was present perivascularly in 11 cases; in 4 of those there was also staining in the interstitial tissue. No immunoproteins were found in infiltrating or synovial lining cells. The finding of immunoproteins in the synovium of the majority of patients with RS suggests that immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7018408 TI - Effects of acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide on primary antibody response. AB - The effects of acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide on primary humoral antibody response to sheep red blood cells in mice were studied. Mice were exposed to 5 ppm, 20 ppm, and 40 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 12 hr. An exposure of 20 ppm or 40 ppm resulted in a significant suppression of antibody responses, but 5 ppm did not affect antibody response. This immunosuppression resulting from nitrogen dioxide exposure was more apparent in males than females. Exposures to 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide for various time intervals revealed that the strongest suppression effect was observed in the group exposed 2 days after antigen injection. A decreased total cell number in the spleen, and more strikingly, in the thymus, was also caused by acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 7018412 TI - [Prospects in the field of the antipolio vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - Poliovirus vaccines (Salk-type and Sabin-type) have virtually eliminated paralytic poliomyelitis. Important subjects of study are the back-mutation of the type 3 degrees, the effect of the Sabin vaccine in addition to Salk vaccine, the development of vaccines to virus substructures and the synthetic-vaccines. PMID- 7018413 TI - [Genetic techniques for the production of influenza vaccines (author's transl)]. AB - Influenza mortality and morbidity underscore the need for a more immunogenic influenza vaccine with a shorter production time. Techniques of rapid derivation of mutants and of genetic recombination appear promising in producing vaccines, responsive to major antigenic shifts of influenza virus. "Cold" adapted, inhibitor resistant and temperature sensitive mutants have all proven safe and effective in adults as live influenza vaccines. The property of attenuation for man can be transferred in many instances from well adapted laboratory strains to new variants of wild viruses by genetic recombination. This technique will be useful in the continual updating of live influenza vaccines. PMID- 7018414 TI - [Comparative study of antistreptolysin O, anti-streptokinase and anti-streptozyme antibodies and antibodies against polysaccharides of group A Streptococcus]. AB - A microagglutination test for antibody to streptococcal group A polysaccharide (APA) was compared with the anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-streptokinase (ASK) and streptozyme (STZ) tests in 162 human sera. Two or more of the following results were considered evidence of a recent streptococcal infection: ASO titre greater than or equal to 333 UI; ASK titre greater than or equal to 160 UI; STZ titre greater than or equal to 200. Sensitivity of the APA test was 70% and it detected 10 sera that would have been missed if the ASO test had been the only test performed. The APA test appears to be particularly useful in laboratories which rely solely on the ASO test for serological evidence of a streptococcal infection. PMID- 7018411 TI - Suppurative coxitis due to Salmonella typhimurium in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 36-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed septicaemia and subsequently suppurative coxitis due to Salmonella typhimurium. Although systemic treatment with antibiotics eradicated salmonella from the arterial blood, cup arthroplasty and irrigation of the operative wounds with effective antibiotics were needed for eradication of the organism from the affected joints. PMID- 7018415 TI - [Saprophytic and opportunistic non spore-forming anaerobic microflora of the vagina (author's transl)]. AB - A microbiological survey has been carried out on 179 healthy, child-bearing aged, non-pregnant women, with the aim to evaluate the incidence of anaerobic non-spore forming bacteria in the normal vaginal flora. This group of bacteria has been isolated in 50.3% of women, with a clear prevalence of "anaerobic Streptococci " and Bacteroides, followed by Fusobacterium and Veillonella. No Propionibacterium, Eubacterium or Bifidobacterium have been isolated. According to many Authors the non-spore forming anaerobes must be considered opportunistic bacteria, responsible of many infections of the female genital tract, especially when associated with other aerobic or facultative bacteria. Antibiograms have demonstrated a wide spectrum of activity of chloramphenicol and clindamycin; although not widely distributed, antibacterial activity have also shown metronidazole, penicillins, cephalosporins and lincomycin. PMID- 7018417 TI - [Neonatal meningitis (personal contribution)]. AB - The authors, after a review of the literature about etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, pathological anatomy and clinic of newborn meningitis, report a personal experience of 15 cases. The more frequent etiological agents were Gram positive bacteria (60%) and in particular Listeria monocytogenes type 4 and Streptococcus agalactiae. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 40% of cases and E. coli presented the highest ratio. All patients were treated with ampicillin-CAF association intravenous for the first 3-5 days and then i.m. or oral. The survival ratio was 77% in case of Gram-positive meningitis and 83% in case of Gram-negative meningitis. Sequeles were observed only among patients with Gram-negative meningitis; it's important to remark that in these cases the etiological agent was CAF-resistant. PMID- 7018416 TI - Studies on experimental infection of "Escherichia coli" in chicks. PMID- 7018420 TI - [Application of recent methods to the rapid diagnosis of various viral diseases]. AB - Three new rapid immunological tests (ELISA, hemolisis-in-gel, single-radial complement-fixation) have been applied for detecting antibodies in 200 sera against widespread virus infections. Results were compared with those of complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests and good correlation was found. The new tests are simple to perform, rapid, sensitive and could be well suited for screening of large number of serum samples. PMID- 7018418 TI - [Status of immunity after measles vaccination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018419 TI - [Immunological disorders in a patient with Whitaker syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Some immunological parameters have been examinated in a 13-year-old girl with Whitaker syndrome and in her closest blood-relatives. Absolute and percentage values of T and B lyphocytes were normal, whereas mitogen responsiveness was over normal range before therapy had begun. This phenomen did not appear if the cultures were carried out in presence of autologous serum. Neutrophil function was defective in responsiveness to chemotactic stimulation, but NBT reduction as well as bactericidal activity were normal. Defects both in mitogen responsiveness and chemotaxis have been pointed out in the parents and in the patient's twin brother. The immunologic disorders observed are discussed in the light of the clinical and functional pecularities of Whitaker's syndrome. PMID- 7018422 TI - [Polynuclear basophil degranulation test in pathogenic human filariasis]. PMID- 7018421 TI - [Drug resistance in malaria]. PMID- 7018423 TI - Combined chemotherapy against Mycobacterium leprae in the mouse. PMID- 7018424 TI - Perforation of the pulmonary artery with Swan-Ganz catheters: diagnosis and surgical management. AB - Swan-Ganz catheters have become a very valuable and frequently used method of monitoring hemodynamics in sick patients. Although the incidence of complications is very low, more reports are beginning to appear. One of the more serious complications is the rupture of the pulmonary artery. This report concerns three patients who had a rupture of the pulmonary artery who survived, including one of almost fatal exanguination. A literature review of all cases of pulmonary artery rupture is presented. Fifty-three per cent (8/15) were fatal. Emphasis is placed on the prevention of this by using the guidelines. Discussion also covers possible contributing causes and treatment. A high index of suspicion is necessary whenever a patient with the catheter has hemoptysis or unexplained cardiac or respiratory changes. PMID- 7018426 TI - Renal transplantation after thoracic duct drainage. AB - Forty-seven patients treated by at least 28 days of thoracic duct drainage (TDD) before cadaveric renal transplant are compared with 63 patients treated with standard immunosuppression. The TDD patients were begun on half the dosage of steroids, and at 30 days were receiving approximately two-thirds the dose that the non-TDD patients received. Acute rejection occurred in 35% of the TDD group, as compared with 61% of the non-TDD group. Graft survival in the TDD patients was twice as good as the non-TDD patients at all time intervals. The patient survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. TDD pretransplant favorably affects cadaveric renal allograft survival for at least five years. PMID- 7018425 TI - Laboratory and initial clinical studies of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist for improved myocardial preservation. AB - This report summarizes five years of laboratory investigations and the initial six-month clinical experience with a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, added to a cold hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution for enhancement of myocardial protection. Regional ischemia was created in 112 dogs and global ischemia in 98 dogs, under normothermic and two hyperthermic states. Control solutions, two clinical cardioplegic solutions, and nifedipine solutions were compared. Infusion of nifedipine during regional ischemia and reperfusion intervals resulted in a two to-threefold reduction in injury volume and maintenance of normal left ventricular function in contrast infusion of nitroprusside. Nifedipine solutions (0.2 microgram/ml) provided superior preservation of left ventricular function in comparison to the two cardioplegic solutions after one hour of global ischemia at 37 degrees C and two hours at 18 C. In a clinical trial of nifedipine in cold potassium cardioplegia, 38 high risk patients with poor ventricular function have been treated; 22 of which were intensively studied serially with radionuclide ventriculography and pyrophosphate scans, myocardial isoenzyme determinations, 24 hour EKG recordings and intra- and postoperative hemodynamic studies. Of the 35 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 33 have survived. Stroke work and cardiac indices return promptly to near normal levels after operation. The time-isoenzyme activity curves are low and radionuclide determined ejection fractions show no change for the study group. Death from acute postischemic cardiac failure did not occur in treated patients and the usage of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has decreased threefold in comparison with 40 similar high risk patients treated concurrently with cardioplegic solution alone. It is concluded that nifedipine is a potent adjunct to cold hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution in high risk patients. PMID- 7018428 TI - Effect of an intravenous infusion of aminoacids (Aminoplex 14) on gastric secretion in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcers. AB - The effect of an intravenous infusion of an aminoacid solution (Aminoplex 14) on gastric secretion is compared in healthy subjects and in duodenal ulcer patients. The acid secretory response was twice as high in duodenal ulcer patients than in normal subjects, 60 minutes after starting the infusion. Serum gastrin levels, although initially higher in duodenal ulcer patients, showed no augmentation throughout the infusion. Blood glucose, serum osmolality and PCV estimations did not alter significantly. Serum aminoacid levels showed a pronounced rise, doubling basal values, and tended to parallel the increase in acid output. Cimetidine, administered orally, suppressed the acid secretory response to intravenous aminoacid. The marked stimulation in acid secretion following aminoacid infusion in duodenal ulcer patients was not elicited after truncal or highly selective vagotomy. PMID- 7018427 TI - A pathophysiologic study of the hypertension associated with burn injury in children. AB - Measurements of cardiac output, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone, plasma and urinary catecholamine levels, serum and urinary electrolyte levels, and of transfusion and fluid therapy have been made in eight hypertensive and seven normotensive burned children. Studies were conducted during the acute phase of burn injury when hypertension was first diagnosed and were repeated just before discharge from the hospital. Hypertensive patients perfused at an inappropriately high total peripheral resistance and hypervolemia was demonstrated in the hypertensive patients. No differences could be demonstrated between hypertensive or normotensive patients in PRA, aldosterone, catecholamine, or electrolyte levels. These data indicate that both the hypervolemia and the vasoconstrictor activity of PRA and/or catecholamines are present when hypertension develops in these patients. These data suggest that the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system is directly stimulated as part of the neuroendocrine response to trauma. PMID- 7018429 TI - Bacterial adherence to surgical sutures. A possible factor in suture induced infection. AB - Surgical sutures are known to potentiate the development of wound infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the capability of bacteria to adhere to various types of sutures has a significant effect on their ability to cause infections. Bacterial adherence to sutures was quantitatively measured using radiolabeled bacteria. In vitro adherence assays revealed remarkable variations in the affinity of bacteria to the various sutures: nylon bound the least bacteria while bacterial adherence to braided sutures (silk, Ti-cron, Dexon) was five to eight folds higher. The degree of infection obtained in mice in the presence of different sutures nicely correlated with their adherence properties. The different removal rate of adherent bacteria (glutaraldehyde fixed) from various sutures by the tissue factors in mice supports the hypothesis that bacterial adherence to suture materials plays a significant role in the induction of surgical infection. Our observation points out at the need for careful suture selection in contaminated wounds. The adherence properties of sutures should be considered in any future surgical suture design. PMID- 7018432 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux: medical and surgical management. AB - The assessment of gastroesophageal reflux requires a carefully taken history and appropriate selection of the relevant diagnostic tests from among the many such tests available. Gastroesophageal reflux is generally produced by an imbalance between the intragastric pressure on the one hand and the degree of competence of the lower esophageal sphincter on the other. Medical management incorporates measures designed to promote gastric emptying, augment the resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, and favorably alter the nature of the refluxed material by dietary and pharmacological means. The surgical techniques commonly applied for the prevention of gastroesophageal reflux aim to restore an intraabdominal segment of esophagus and to augment sphincter competence by either a partial or complete fundoplication. Comparison of results obtained with various operations is difficult, as assessment is often imprecise, subjective, and partisan. Development of a uniform method of postoperative assessment, free from observed bias, would be a major advance. PMID- 7018431 TI - Substrate cardioplegia during hypothermic arrest in the alloxan diabetic dog. AB - In an experimental study, 26 mongrel dogs were treated with alloxan (50 mg per kilogram) to induce fasting hyperglycemia and diabetes. The animals were randomly subdivided into two groups, one of which received 100 mg of propranolol in divided doses for two weeks. The animals underwent sternotomy and were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass. After aortic cross-clamping, each animal received 10 ml per kilogram of cardioplegic solution. Two different solutions were used, a standard hyperkalemic solution and a high-energy glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) substrate. Baseline studies were made on the four groups of diabetic animals. Animals given potassium cardioplegia but no propranolol showed statistically significant decreases in cardiac index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and minute left ventricular stroke work index after bypass. In contrast, animals given GIK cardioplegia but no propranolol showed no changes in any of these measurements. Animals administered propranolol and potassium cardioplegia experienced decrease in mean arterial pressure from 77.5 +/- 14.1 mm Hg before bypass to 57.5 +/- 17.8 mm Hg after bypass. A similar reduction occurred in animals given propranolol and GIK cardioplegia. However, in this group, the cardiac index increased from 1.78 +/- 0.38 L/min/m2 before bypass to 2.96 +/- 0.73 L/min/m2 after bypass (p less than .006). Similarly, the minute left ventricular stroke work index increased after bypass in these animals. This study demonstrates the protective effect against myocardial ischemia of the addition of substrate to the cardioplegic solution in diabetic animals subjected to aortic cross-clamping during cardiopulmonary bypass, one group receiving propranolol and one group not receiving it. PMID- 7018430 TI - Effectiveness of steroid/antibiotic treatment in primates administered LD100 Escherichia coli. AB - Early aggressive therapy with maintenance infusions of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and gentamicin sulfate significantly increases the probability for survival of baboons given LD100 Escherichia coli. The present study was designed to determine if baboons would recover when initiation of treatment was delayed until they had sustained E. coli-induced systemic hypotension for a period of approximately three hours. Sixteen adult baboons were each administered a two hour infusion of LD100 E. coli. All eight untreated animals died within 42 hours. Five of the eight baboons treated after approximately three hours of hypotension with methylprednisolone sodium succinate and gentamicin sulfate survived. Treated animals had significantly higher blood glucose and insulin levels and lower blood urea nitrogen concentrations than baboons receiving E. coli alone. E. coli blood concentrations were lower in the treated than in the untreated baboon group by the sixth hour (less than 0.02). Heart rates increased in all animals but were not as high in the treated baboons. Both groups experienced similar decreases in mean systemic arterial pressure, PCO2, base excess, leukocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet concentrations, and increases in creatinine and lactate concentrations. Data from the present study indicate that the probability of recovery from shock is significantly increased even when initiation of steroid/antibiotic therapy is postponed until baboons have experienced sustained systemic hypotension. PMID- 7018433 TI - Extrinsic obstruction of the Bjork-Shiley valve in the mitral position. AB - Four recently seen patients with acute, extrinsic obstruction of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in the mitral position are described. In 2 of them, the disc occluder was stuck in the closed position by a strand of chordal tissue, which was compressed between the disc edge and valve rim. In another patient, sticking of the disc by a similar mechanism was caused by a suture that migrated into the valve orifice. Intermittent malfunction of the valve in the fourth patient was related to interference with valve opening by ventricular myocardium and occurred when the patient lay on his right side. The mechanism of extrinsic obstruction of the Bjork-Shiley valve and their recognition, treatment, and prevention are discussed. PMID- 7018434 TI - Lectins as probes of the spermatozoon surface. AB - Studies involving the use of lectins to probe the spermatozoon surface are reviewed, with particular emphasis on mammalian spermatozoa and their various transformations during maturation, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. Although the numbers of lectin bindings sites on spermatozoa are generally comparable to those of many somatic cells, the distribution of most lectins thus far studied is highly restricted to certain domains of the cell surface. These domains are often related to specific underlying morphological entities such as the acrosome, postacrosomal region, mitochondria associated with the middle piece, and so on. Changes in the patterns of lectin binding have been noted during sperm maturation in the epididymis, during capacitation, and after the acrosome reaction, and, in some instances, these studies contribute to the understanding of mechanism that may mediate these transformations. This is particularly true of situations where lectin labeling or binding studies have been used in conjunction with biochemical or other correlative methods to synthesize a more detailed picture of the sperm surface. PMID- 7018435 TI - Distribution and kinetic properties of alcohol and aldehyde-dehydrogenase in the rat testis. AB - The distribution of both alcohol (ADH) and aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) was studied in the rat testis. Testicular ADH was mainly localized into the interstitial tissue. Testicular ALDH activity was distributed between the interstitial tissue and the seminiferous tubules with greater activity measured in the former component. The apparent Km for ADH in the whole testis was greater than that measured in the interstitial tissue. A low Km value was determined for ALDH in the seminiferous tubules, compared to a higher mean Km value for this enzyme in the interstitial tissue of the testis. The study shows that interstitial tissue possesses both ADH and ALDH, which are essential for the respective metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde, and that the seminiferous tubules possesses greater affinity for the metabolism of acetaldehyde than that of the interstitial tissue. PMID- 7018436 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in compensated and uncompensated cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Renin Activity (PRA), Aldosterone (PA), Sodium (PNa) and Potassium (PK) in plasma and Aldosterone (UA), Sodium (UNa) and Potassium (UK) in 24 hrs urine were measured in 11 cases of heart failure compensated with treatment (HFCT) consisting in digoxin 0.25 mg daily, furosemide 40 to 80 mg daily, potassium chloride 1.5 g daily and low salt diet and in 12 cases of refractory heart failure (RHF). Mean and standard deviation of PRA, PA, PNa, PK, UA, UNa and UK were 9.7 +/- 8.2 mg/cc/hr. 24.2 +/- 14.0 mg/100 cc, 142.2 +/- 4.7 mEq/1, 4.9 +/- 0.3 mEq/1, 8.7 +/- 9.1 ug/24 hrs, 89.3 +/- 50.0 mEq/24 hrs and 50.0 +/- 26.7 mEq/24 hrs, respectively for cases with HFCT and 61.7 +/- 37.5, 120.3 +/- 125.8, 133.1 +/- 4.3, 4.9 +/- 0.4, 21.3 +/- 19.2, 9.9 +/- 19 and 33.3 +/- 12.0 respectively for subjects with RHF. The statistical analysis of PRA, PA, PNa and UNa, revealed differences between the two groups with p values of less than or equal to 0.05, less than or equal to 0.001, less than or equal to 0.001, less than or equal to 0.001, respectively. The other values were statistically non significant. These data suggest the existence of an stimulatory state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the RHF and a normal state in HFCT. The lack of electrolytic changes suggestive of aldosteronism in RHF may be due to an alteration of aldosterone receptors or to hemodynamic renal factors. In heart failure hemodynamic changes rather than humoral factor seems to control RAAS. PMID- 7018437 TI - [Advances and perspectives in heart surgery]. AB - Significant advances in five areas of cardiac surgery have contributed to better short and long term results. These include: the use of hypothermia and cardioplegic solutions for intraoperative myocardial protection. Improvement in design and hemodynamic characteristics of prosthetic valves. Refinements in electrosurgical techniques for the treatment of arrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Improvement in circulatory assist devices including the total artificial heart, and significantly better results in heart transplants due to a better understanding of immunosuppression and infection control. Current information on these five areas is summarized. PMID- 7018439 TI - The effect of biopsy on therapy in renal disease. AB - In an effort to determine whether renal biopsy substantially altered patient treatment, 100 consecutive cases were reviewed. From a pathologic standpoint, 41 cases were considered "definitely" diagnostic, 36 were in the "probable" category, and the remaining 23 were "nondiagnostic." In 19 cases, a therapy change occurred on the basis of biopsy results. These patients all had significant proteinuria. No alteration in therapy took place in patients with acute or chronic renal failure or hematuria alone. PMID- 7018438 TI - The effect of amoxapine and imipramine on serum prolactin levels. AB - The effect of traditional tricyclic antidepressants on serum prolactin levels is controversial. In a five-week double-blind study of depressed outpatients, imipramine hydrochloride therapy did not lead to any significant change in serum prolactin levels. In contrast, amoxapine, a new antidepressant, produced significant elevations in serum prolactin levels in female and in male patients. Amoxapine may block dopamine receptors in central tuberoinfundibular pathways, which would account for its prolactin-elevating activity. On the other hand, imipramine and other traditional tricyclic antidepressants do not affect dopamine transmission, do not raise serum prolactin levels, and are not effective antipsychotic drugs. PMID- 7018441 TI - Immunological and ultrastructural study of the surface of isolated rat testis germinal cells. AB - In the present study, cross absorption tests and indirect immunofluorescence detected antigenic differences between isolated testicular cell populations from 21 and 38 day old rats, respectively. Qualitatively, spermatids were the only cell type difference between these populations. Spermatozoa from adult rats were also studied. Our findings suggest that spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa shared on or more antigens; spermatids and spermatozoa seemed to share one or more antigens not observed in spermatocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. Various patterns of immunofluorescence were encountered, suggesting differences in amount and distribution of antigens among the cells studied. The supramolecular appearance of the surface of spermatocyte enriched populations and of spermatid enriched populations were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and no striking difference was observed between both cell populations. PMID- 7018440 TI - Recent progress in breast cancer management. Combined modality (adjuvant) therapy. PMID- 7018442 TI - Effect of adrenergic stimulation on insulin and proinsulin secretion. Study on patients with pheochromocytoma. AB - Two patients with pheochromocytoma predominantly secreting noradrenaline, were studied. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed: in the preoperatory period, under alpha adrenergic blockade with pentolamine and one month after the tumor was removed. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. Proinsulin was separated from the insulin in Sephadex G-50 fine columns. In the preoperatory study, insulin secretion was less during the first 10 minutes after glucose administration, when comparing to that observed in two other studies. During pentolamine blockade, insulin secretion was at least three times higher than the preoperatory test; however, hypoglycemia was not observed. Proinsulin levels were similar to the observed in a normal individual in the pre and postoperatory test during pentolamine blockade, and were found significantly elevated. It is postulated that hypoglycemia was not produced during the late test because more than 50 per cent of immunoreactivity measured as insulin, corresponded to proinsulin whose biological activity is 10 times less than that of insulin. PMID- 7018444 TI - [Sexual dimorphism and histocompatibility phenomena in skin homotransplants in Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur]. PMID- 7018445 TI - [The endocrine pancreas of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during hibernation and awakening. Light and electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 7018443 TI - A rapid colorimetric assay for dry weight. AB - A rapid, precise colorimetric method for the determination of dry weight in the range 100 1,000 micro grams is reported. The method involves reacting biological materials with an acid solution of dichromate for 20 min at 92 degrees C followed by determination of the optical density at 630 nm of the product formed. The principal advantage of the dichromate method over the standard weight method are: 1) The shorter time required for determination, 2) its greater sensitivity, exactitude and precision using standard laboratory equipment, 3) the method is insensitive to inorganic compounds and therefore can be applied to tissue homogenates prepared in inorganic solutions. The only disadvantage of the method seems to be that dichromate will react specifically with carbon containing groups and therefore the participation of nitrogen, or other elements, in the composition of the biological material, will give proportionately lower absorbances. PMID- 7018446 TI - [Insulin and cortisol levels in blood plasma and adrenal gland mass in swine during the perinatal period]. AB - The level of immunoreactive insulin activity and glucose in blood plasma of the umbilical vein was found to be lower than that in maternal venous blood plasma, in the last third of intra-uterine development, that is between the 80th and 112th day. No age-dependent differences were recordable regarding immunoreactive insulin activity in foetal blood plasma. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in venous blood plasma of piglets were found to rise, within 24 hours from birth, due to milk intake. Such rises were statistically significant but differed by individuals. None of the above parameters increased in fasting piglets. Cortisol in foetal blood plasma was found to be low, usually less than 5 ng/ml, on the 80th, 100th, and 106th day of intra-uterine life, but it went up between the 106th and 112th day. The highest concentrations were recorded from the oldest foetuses, 114 day of intra-uterine development. The cortisol levels in the blood plasma of the mothers of the above mentioned foetuses varied between 5 ng/ml and 70 ng/ml. Relative adrenal gland weight in animals aged 112 and 114 days was found to be significantly higher than that in foetuses aged 80, 100, and 106 days. No significant postnatal change in relative adrenal gland weight was recorded from piglets in the first nine days of life. PMID- 7018447 TI - [Monitoring of udder health by quarterwise measurement of initial milking samples for electric conductivity--results of serial examinations of individual animals and herds]. AB - More than 400 cows were involved in three experimental series in which quarterwise measurement was applied continuously, even daly in a number of instances, to initial milking samples, with the view to establishing the electric conductivity of the milk. Electric cell count determination, high-speed mastitis tests, clinical examination of udders and secretions, and bacteriological milk tests were complementarily conducted. The major purpose of the effort was to find out whether milk conductivity measurement would be helpful in detecting subclinical mastitis. Conductivity measurement, in addition to being in fair agreement with milk cell count data, proved to be suitable an approach to high continuity monitoring of udder condition, with no disruption of the production process being required. Specification of limit values and diagnostic value of differences between quarter milking data from one and the same udder were additional subjects of this study. PMID- 7018448 TI - [Trials to induce ovulation with Berlin-Chemie Gn-RH vet. in prepuberal gilts]. AB - Combinations of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) with Gn-RH were tested for ovulation-triggering action on 93 prepuberal gilts, aged between 185 and 210 days. The action of PMSG was somewhat inhibited by Gn-RH, when 500 IU of PMSG were given together with 600 micrograms or 900 micrograms of Gn-RH. An infection of 900 micrograms Gn-RH, applied three days from PMSG administration, caused ovulations in 83 per cent of the animals up to the fifth day from PMSG administration on which laparotomy was performed. Smaller intervals of one or two days caused the same effect on 25 or eight per cent of the animals. The presence of a sufficiently high number of graafian follicles suggested pronounced overreaction to all variants of treatment, using PMSG alone or in combination with Gn-RH. The effect of lower Gn-RH doses seems worthwhile another study. PMID- 7018449 TI - Exposure treatments for focal phobias. A review. AB - The effectiveness of in vivo exposure is evaluated in a comprehensive review of outcome studies on phobia treatments. A strictly data-based analysis focuses on issues of analog vs clinical research, methodological quality of designs, utilization of generalized measures, and maintenance of therapeutic change. In vivo exposure appears to be an effective treatment, both short- and long-term, and some decision rules for the clinical application are provided. However, from a researcher's point of view many methodological weaknesses (such as frequent lack of follow-up; unrealistic behavioral measures; and the utilization of unnecessarily complicated, and at times confusing, designs) are noted. A considerable consensus on the major procedural variables and on positive overall outcome justifies the clinical utility of the procedure. Detailed suggestions for further treatment comparisons are outlined, and a cautionary note on the potential of such a data-based review are added. PMID- 7018450 TI - Preface to The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky by Alfred Adler, MD. AB - This is a previously unpublished work by Alfred Adler that was written in 1936 as a preface to The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky. A theory of schizophrenia is described in which characteristic prepsychotic features, especially lack of social interest and oversensitivity to real and imagined slights, lead to increasing irrationalism and preoccupation with grandiose ideas. The establishment of a cooperative therapeutic relationship and the instilling of hope are presented as central factors for successful treatment. PMID- 7018451 TI - Discussion of Alfred Alder's preface to The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky. AB - In his preface to The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky, Alfred Adler (1) found his theory of the dynamics of schizophrenia supported in the Diary, (2) alluded to Nijinsky's prepsychotic personality, and (3) briefly touched on the possibility and conditions of recovery. To add to the understanding of Adler's "Preface," this discussion (1) expands his theory of schizophrenia, (2) gives some concrete data of Nijinsky's prepsychotic personality, (3) describes two episodes of recovery subsequent to the "Preface," and (4) introduces an important aspect of Adler's theory, which he had to omit out of consideration for Nijinsky's wife, Romola-namely, her role in her husband's disorder. With the larger theoretical and historical context established. Adler's "Preface" can be appreciated for its predictive validity. PMID- 7018452 TI - Does transplacental spread of coccidioidomycosis occur? Report of a neonatal fatality and review of the literature. AB - A neonatal death due to unsuspected coccidioidomycosis was studied. A critical review of the 12 neonatal fatalities and two survivals now reported strongly opposes the concept of transplacental spread. Associated with 35 maternal fatalities in the literature are 16 cases of placentitis and five neonatal deaths; none of the neonatal deaths, however, were associated with placentitis. Three of these five had predominantly intrathoracic disease, as did those neonates whose rapid deaths were unassociated with maternal coccidioidomycosis. Transpartum aspiration of infected decidua or postpartum inhalation is the probable initial pathogenic event in neonatal coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7018453 TI - Poisoning with N-3-pyridylmethyl-N'-p-nitrophenylurea (Vacor). Immunoperoxidase demonstration of beta-cell destruction. AB - A 49-year-old woman ate N-3-pyridylmethyl-N'-p'nitrophenylurea (PNU; Vacor) and was admitted to the hospital 12 hours later with a blood glucose level of 940 mg/dl and an anion-gap metabolic acidosis. Her diabetes was successfully treated, but she contained to manifest severe orthostatic hypotension. A painless ileus developed, followed by cecal perforation and death. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissue obtained during postmortem examination clearly demonstrated the pancreatic beta-cell destruction. Results of this same staining technique also suggested that fewer alpha cells were present. PMID- 7018456 TI - Immune reactions in Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice. PMID- 7018455 TI - Exercise effects on fitness, lipids, glucose tolerance and insulin levels in young adults. AB - The effect of 3 different physical training programs on cardiorespiratory (cr) fitness, fasting plasma lipids, glucose and insulin levels, and scapular skinfold thickness was assessed in 64 healthy college men. Training sessions were held 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The cr fitness improved significantly and skinfold thickness decreased following the aerobic, the pulse workout (interval training), and the anaerobic training compared to the control group. Skinfold thickness, plasma insulin, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly intercorrelated before and after training. The exercise programs had no significant effect on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose tolerance, or insulin levels. Change in adipose mass was thus dissociated from change in plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. It was concluded that in young men plasma triglycerides, the lipid component mostly readily reduced by exercise, were too low to be reduced further by a physical training program. PMID- 7018457 TI - [Elution technics for the detection of antibodies in hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 7018458 TI - [Therapeutic action of arginine-thiazolidine-carboxylate (ATCA) as evaluated by liver function tests]. AB - The results of a clinical trial on both tolerance and therapeutic effect of ACTA (Arginine-Thiazolidine-Carboxylate) are reported. Thirty patients were treated wih the drug according to a standard administration scheme: 1,2 g of Arginine Thiazolidine-Carboxylate per day for 60 days. Statistical evaluation has shown, in comparison with the basal values, highly significant differences at the end of the treatment for the parameters of the so-called "cytolytic syndrome". The concept of membrane-protecting action against lipo-peroxydation, exerted by ATCA is also confirmed by the ultra-structural pictures obtained from bioptic liver specimens. PMID- 7018459 TI - [Use of corticotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic glomerulonephritis]. AB - Corticosteroids have multiform effects on traffic and functional capabilities of inflammatory or immunologically reactive cells, on various soluble factors, vascular and tissue responses. There is a different sensitivity of various populations and subpopulations of cells to the corticosteroid modulation. These mechanisms are still under discussion, but the final effects appear to support the use of corticosteroids in a number of idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN). In the minimal change GN the 10 years after onset survival was not significantly increased by introducing corticosteroids, but the prompt disappearance of proteinuria (80% of adults by 8 weeks in our own series) supported their use. The problem of corticosteroid treatment in the focal sclerosing GN is complicated by the probable coexistence of two histologically undistinguishable forms (one of the these nonsteroid sensitive). In our own series the corticosteroid response, although transient, was present in 44% of 16 patients. We obtained a high number of total remissions (57%) and partial remissions (14%), in membranous GN, where the conflicting data of the literature suggest differences in the criteria of selection and admission of patients to corticosteroid treatment, calling attention to further controlled trials. In rapidly progressive GN the combined use of corticosteroids, immuno suppressants and heparin has elicited a stabilization or improvement of renal function in 40% of the treated patients. By the same treatment we observed a total remission in 19% and a partial remission in 62% of severely nephrotic patients with histological appearance of membranoproliferative GN characterized by massive subendothelial deposits of the early complement fractions (C1, C4). Although it is impossible to draw firm conclusions both on pathogenesis of idiopathic GN or on the biochemical, cellular and tissue effects of corticosteroid, these drugs appear sometimes effective in clinical practice. PMID- 7018454 TI - Migration of silicone gel to axillary lymph nodes after prosthetic mammoplasty. AB - Foreign-body reaction to material optically resembling silicone gel was evident in an axillary lymph node of a patient eight years after subcutaneous mastectomy for fibrocystic disease and breast reconstruction with a silicone gel-filled prosthesis. The lymph nodes. was removed as a component of a radical mastectomy for adenocarcinoma and Paget's disease of the nipple that had developed in the residual breast tissue and preserved nipple. Silicone gel may "bleed" through a structurally intact prosthetic envelope and subsequently migrate to regional lymph nodes PMID- 7018460 TI - [The action of insulin on human lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens "in vitro". I. Study on normal subjects]. AB - Insulin at 25, 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mcU/ml concentration added to lymphocyte cultures under PHA stimulation increases [3H] Thymidine incorporation. Maximum effect is obtained at 50 mcg/ml of PHA and 250 mcU/ml of insulin after 96 hours of incubation. Insulin stimulates cultures when it is added between the 12th and the 24th hour. Cultures stimulated wih high dose (250 mcg/ml) of PHA do not show any increase in mitosis. Ours and other Authors results seem to show that the mechanism of action of insulin works through specific receptors on lymphocytes. These receptors appear some hours after mitogen stimulation; our results showing maximum effect when insulin is added after 12-24 hours support this hypothesis. PMID- 7018462 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobins and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Investigations carried out on 43 diabetic not ketoacidotic patients (32 women and 11 men) showed that the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb) is significantly (p less than 0.01) inversely related to the intra-erythrocytic concentration of 2,3-DPG and to the calculated P50. Preliminary data from a prospective study suggest that the inverse relationship could be referred to the degree of control of the disease. In poorly controlled diabetes, where at the highest percentages of GHb the lowest levels of 2,3-DPG are found, less oxigen can be delivered to peripheral tissues. PMID- 7018461 TI - [Semeiotic significance of the clinical use of methods of determining serum immunocomplexes in human glomerulonephritis]. AB - The application of tests for the determination of serum immune complexes in nephrology has supplied fresh pathogenetic and symptomatological information. An account is given of results obtained in primary and secondary glomerulonephritis using four methods; the solid-phase Clq test, the polyethylene glycol precipitation test, the immunofluorescence on polymorphonucleates tests, and the solid-phase conglutinins test (with anti-IgA antibodies). The results take on a symptomatological meaning in many classes of human glomerulonephritis, both in the differentiation of primary forms and those secondary to systemic diseases, and in prognosis. A critical review is made of the data obtained in a personal series in the light of a long-term follow-up. The limits and specificity of each test are also discussed. PMID- 7018463 TI - Sex education: a review of its effects. AB - This paper reviewed 33 empirical studies which assessed the effectiveness of sex education. Methodological issues were considered within six sections: (a) populations, (b) instructors, (c) program formats, (d) time format, (e) program goals, and (f) outcome measures. College students were the most frequently assessed population, followed by educators and counselors, and then medical school populations. Most investigators did not include control subjects. In the studies which included them, they were usually nonequivalent to the experimental subjects. The results were almost exclusively dependent upon questionnaire data. Only a few studies included a follow-up. In general, the subjects reported gains in sexual knowledge and shifts toward more tolerant and liberal sexual attitudes. However, it was not clear whether or to what extent these changes affected the subjects' behavior. The surprising lack of studies evaluating the effects of sex education on elementary, junior high, and high school students was noted in light of the controversy surrounding the presentation of sex-related information to these populations. In addition to the recommendation that sex education presented to "normal" students who are below the college level should be evaluated, suggestions for future research included the use of equivalent experimental and control subjects, the reporting of instructor characteristics, the specification of program goals, and the inclusion of follow-up evaluations. PMID- 7018464 TI - Effects of various proteases on the glycoprotein composition and the infectivity of influenza C virus. PMID- 7018465 TI - Overview of studies on regression of atherosclerosis. AB - Regression of the main components of atherosclerotic leseions is compared with regression of other related pathological masses in the body, notably the fatty liver, the large abscess, the large thrombus, the tuberculous granuloma, the lipid implantation granuloma, an the at first reversible but later irreversible proliferation of tissues in response to certain hydrocarbons. The unique obstacles to the regression of advanced artheromata -- as compared to regression of pathological masses elsewhere -- are identified as a lack of early capillarisation, a dependence on evacuation by a very slow unidirectional filtration across an extremely dense and contracted tissue, a lack of an unending imigration of leucocytes for the phagocytic or lysosomal removal of large extracellular lipid pools, and the massive deposits of collagen, an insulating material of extremely long half-life that seems, in addition, to promote wall fragility and supra-plaque thrombosis. The origin and the fate of the myocyte proliferation in hyperlipemia-induced plaques is scrutinized; arguments are presented in favor of its regenerative rather than platelet-induced origin and in favor of the possibility that protracted hyperlipemia may induce the development of some regression-resistsant myocytic mutants. The special difficulties and pitfalls of regression research are analysed. The current conclusions from the most critical experimental studies to date indicate that incipient or young lesions are capable of significant regression, but there is as yet no evidence that advanced or complicated plaques will regress in any species. PMID- 7018468 TI - [Problems in embryology and theoretical biology]. PMID- 7018466 TI - The effect of Gemfibrozil on human serum apolipoproteins and on serum reserve cholesterol binding capacity (SRCBC). AB - The lipid lowering drug Gemfibrozil significantly increased the levels of HDL apoproteins, apoA-I and apoA-II in a group of 20 Swedish hyperlipemic males who were given 1200 mg daily of the drug for 8 weeks and thereafter submitted to a 4 weeks placebo period. It strikingly increased serum reserve cholesterol in binding capacity (SRCBC). No change was observed in "free" apoA-I or inthe level of Lp(a) lipoprotein. The results suggest that the effect of Gemfibrozil on HDL, may be particularly striking on a subclass (or on subclasses) of HDL responsible for most of SRCBC. The findings suggest that Gemfibrozil may become a useful drug for hyperlipidemic people, if its safety in pharmacological doses can be established. PMID- 7018467 TI - [Boris Petrovich Tokin (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 7018470 TI - Heparin-urokinase treatment in aseptic dural sinus thrombosis. AB - Five patients affected by aseptic dural sinus thrombosis have been treated with a combination of heparin sodium and urokinase. In all of them, the therapy was followed by complete clinical recovery. Postoperative cerebral angiography showed patency of the involved sinuses in all. PMID- 7018469 TI - Amyloid in hereditary amyloid polyneuropathy is related to prealbumin. AB - The origin of amyloid in the several subsets of hereditary amyloid polyneuropathy (HAP) is unknown. A recent biochemical study of extracted amyloid indicated that in the "portuguese" type of HAP it consists of a prealbumin-related protein. With the use of specific antibodies against human prealbumin, AA, and kappa and lambda type proteins, we demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence that the amyloid in muscle biopsy specimens from five Americans and one Brazilian with HAP and one Brazilian without a family history (but with typical clinical disease and no plasma cell dyscrasia) was stained exactly and specifically only with antiprealbumin. In contrast, amyloid in muscle biopsy specimens from patients with plasma cell dyscrasic polyneuropathy and in amyloid-negative control muscle biopsy specimens from patients with nonamyloid neuropathies did not bind antiprealbumin antibodies. Our findings suggest that prealbumin-like protein may be a commonality of amyloid deposits in many, and possibly all, subsets of HAP. PMID- 7018471 TI - Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Atypical clinical and pathological findings. AB - A middle-aged neurosurgeon had an 18-month illness characterized by abnormal sleep patterns, paresthesias, and necrotizing cutaneous lesions with vasculitis and signs of cerebral, brainstem, vestibulocerebellar, and progressive spinal cord involvement. Biopsy specimens of nerve and skin showed an acute vasculitis with endovascular cellular proliferation in the pattern of a Kohlmeier-Degos lesion and focal epidermal necrosis. Mental changes and cranial-nerve signs developed. Myoclonus occurred occasionally during sleep. Akinetic mutism ensued. At autopsy, major abnormalities were limited to the nervous system and skin. Spongiform encephalopathy typical of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was found with amyloid kuru plaques. A cribriform change distinct from the spongiform change was seen focally in the white matter. Scarred skin lesions and a healed, partially obliterative arteritis were noted. Inoculation of brain and lung into nonhuman primates resulted in a spongiform encephalopathy. PMID- 7018472 TI - Tonic fecal seizures in nonketotic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus. AB - Three patients had recurrent focal motor seizures as the first manifestation of nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKHG) of diabetes mellitus. The seizures were characterized by stereotypical tonic changes in body posture and arrest of speech that have been associated with supplementary motor area seizures. Recognition of the link between this unusual form of focal epilepsy and NKHG would help in the early diagnosis and treatment of the serious underlying metabolic disturbance. PMID- 7018473 TI - Maximal excision in lower blepharoplasty. PMID- 7018474 TI - A method for the assessment of osteoneogenesis in experimental bone grafts. AB - There is a simple approach to objective quantification of osteogenesis in experimental head and neck bone grafts. The method is based on direct and precise graft measurements using routine histologic techniques and microphotographs. It has proved valuable in the study of cases in which new bone production occurs in layers, eg, in onlay bone grafts and periosteal osteogenesis. It is not practical when new bone formation is irregular or multicentric. The method is introduced to be used in conjunction with available techniques, eg, tetracycline hydrochloride labeling and roentgenography. PMID- 7018476 TI - The effect of alginate impressions on the surface of cast gypsum. II. The role of sodium sulphate in incompatibility. AB - Of the materials tested only two alginates, Palginex (D), and Echo (C), show good surface reproduction when Vel-Mix (1), Ainsworth Greenstone (4), and Investo Greenstone (5) are cast against them. The above two alginates were shown to have a potassium and sulphate rich exudate. The reasonable surface produced by CA-37 (A) can be attributed to a proportional decrease in the ratio of potassium to sulphate present in the exudate, compared with Echo (C) and Palginex (D). S.S. White (B), Kromopan (E), and Tissutex (G) produce poor cast surfaces when high strength gypsum products are set against them. The exudates from these alginates were found to consist almost entirely of sodium sulphate. This study suggests that one way to improve the surface compatibility of alginates with gypsum products would be to modify the chemistry of the impression material so that a reactor other than calcium sulphate is used, to eliminate the appearance of sulphate ions in the exudate. Moreover, sources of sodium ions should also be eliminated. Therefore soluble alginates other than sodium alginate should be preferred, and a retarder other than one or other of the forms of sodium phosphate should be used. These changes would ensure that sulphate, particularly sodium sulphate, would not be produced as a by-product of the setting reaction. This in turn would eliminate the effects of incompatibility at present encountered to a greater or lesser extent with most combinations of alginate impression materials and gypsum cast materials. PMID- 7018475 TI - The claspless partial denture. AB - 1. A simple design for partial dentures has been presented using cobalt samarium (Co5Sm) magnets as both retention and reciprocation units. 2. The magnets are totally enclosed within a thin veneer such as hard dental gold so that the magnet alloy is completely isolated from the oral and tissue fluids. 3. The magnets are arranged in attracting pairs, one member is cemented into a standing abutment tooth while the other member is processed into the denture base directly opposite. 4. Retention is positive, inconspicuous, and oral hygiene problems are minimized. PMID- 7018479 TI - Prophylaxis and management of malaria. PMID- 7018477 TI - Repair of bridgework by direct bonding composite resins. Case report. PMID- 7018478 TI - Travellers' diarrhoea: a review. PMID- 7018480 TI - The Australian National Blood Pressure Study: a therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. PMID- 7018481 TI - A new insulin derivative for the preparation of insulin--enzyme conjugates: an application in the enzyme immunoassay of insulin. AB - A new insulin derivative, mercaptobutyrimidyl pyridine disulfide insulin, was prepared under conditions which directed the reaction preferentially through the terminal alpha-amino group of the A-chain. The purified monosubstituted insulin exhibited only a marginal decrease in antigenicity as measured by radioimmunoassay; there was, however, a significant reduction in biological activity in the mouse convulsion assay. Conjugation of the insulin derivative to human placental alkaline phosphatase was carried out via a thiol interchange reaction and the resulting conjugate was active in a double-antibody, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for insulin. PMID- 7018482 TI - Beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs once daily in essential hypertension: a comparison of propranolol, pindolol and atenolol. AB - Atenolol, Pindolol and Propranolol in single daily doses administered to 18 selected patients with mild essential hypertension achieved adequate control of blood pressure. Chlorothiazide had been initially administered twice a day without full control of blood pressure and this diuretic therapy was continued unaltered throughout the study. Methacholine challenge testing of respiratory function was performed during the placebo phase and with each beta adrenoreceptor blocking drug. In the 18 non-asthmatic patients, the reduction in FEV1, was significant only for propranolol therapy when compared to placebo. Each beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations. PMID- 7018484 TI - Captopril-induced agranulocytosis in systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7018483 TI - The antibody response to Brucella: immunoglobulin response measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and conventional tests. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted to measure total and individual classes of brucella antibody. The results were compared with those of conventional tests for brucella antibody on the sera of a number of healthy seropositive abattoir workers and several patients with either acute or suspected chronic brucellosis. IgG was the class of brucella specific immunoglobulin most commonly detected in all groups. IgM was present in the sera of 40% of seropositive abattoir workers, all but one of the patients with recent acute brucellosis or seroconversion and none of those with suspected chronic brucellosis. Many of the abattoir workers' sera which contained brucella specific IgM gave negative results in the direct agglutination test. The presence of brucella specific IgM in the sera of these men was, in most cases, associated with no past history of acute brucellosis and a relatively short period of employment in the abattoir. It is suggested that the presence of brucella specific IgM in the serum of a person occupationally exposed to B. abortus, probably indicates a relatively recent primary infection, either symptomatic or subclinical and has no prognostic significance. Repeated or prolonged exposure is associated with IgG brucella antibodies, often in high titre, irrespective of symptoms. It was not possible, on the basis of any serological tests performed in this study to distinguish healthy people exposed to brucella from those with symptoms consistent with chronic brucellosis. PMID- 7018486 TI - "A man and his hospital". The Clubbe Oration, 1980. PMID- 7018485 TI - Lipid absorption and intestinal lipoprotein formation. AB - Lipid absorption is a complex process which involves coordinated gastric, intestinal, biliary and pancreatic function. Emulsification of dietary lipid occurs in the stomach and upper intestine where a series of enzymic events also occur. Phospholipids are digested by phospholipases. Colipase anchors lipase to the emulsion surface overcoming the interfering effect of bile salts. The products of lipolysis, monoglycerides and fatty acids, are removed from the emulsion surface by bile salts in the form of mixed micelles which transport lipid digestive products across the unstirred water layer to the epithelial cell. Within the intestinal epithelial cell a series of synthetic events occur resulting in the formation of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Chylomicrons consists of an oily core of triglyceride surrounded by a membrane of phospholipids, free cholesterol and apoproteins which maintain the solubility of the particle in plasma. Chylomicrons from both experimental animals and man have specific apoproteins associated with them. These proteins include apoA-I, the major protein of plasma high density lipoproteins. During chylomicron metabolism, apoA-I and phospholipid from the chylomicron surface contribute to plasma high density lipoproteins. Other chylomicron apoproteins include apoB and apoA-IV, which are synthesized in the intestine, and apoC and apoE which are absorbed onto the chylomicron surface from other lipoproteins. The intestines also synthesizes, very low density sized particles (VLDL) while fasting and during lipid absorption. There is evidence that the intestine also synthesizes high density lipoproteins. The intestine has recently been recognized as a major site of synthesis of plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins, especially apoA-I for plasma high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7018487 TI - The distribution of Mycobacterium bovis in Queensland cattle herds with observations on the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. AB - Of 1,791 tissues submitted from 1975 to 1978 for histological examination for tuberculosis, 78.5% were classified as tuberculosis, 8.1% as club-forming granulomas, 3.3% as hydatid cysts, 3.4% as other granulomas and 2.4% as squamous cell carcinomas. Cultural examination of 2,682 tissues for mycobacteria yielded Mycobacterium bovis from 42.88%, other mycobacteria from 7.64% and 0.89% Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Of 1,478 tissues on which both examinations were performed, culture and histology results were in agreement on 94.1%. M. Bovis was isolated on one or more occasions from 564 herds with the highest herd prevalence being recorded in western areas of the state. Culture of 1,024 tissues from no visible lesion (NVL) reactors yielded 0.59% M. bovis, 15.04% other mycobacteria and 0.19% R. equi. Of 120 isolates of other mycobacteria from tissues of NVL reactors, 39 were Runyon Group III (20 M.avium complex) and 61 Runyon Group IV. Approximately half of the herds from which NVL tissues were collected were confirmed M. bovis infected properties. PMID- 7018489 TI - Reminiscences. PMID- 7018488 TI - The importation of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) into Australia during 1840-1841. PMID- 7018490 TI - Midwives celebrate century of professional advancement. PMID- 7018491 TI - [Direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of Aeromonas salmonicida infections in fresh water fishes]. PMID- 7018492 TI - Biochemical properties and level of expression of alcohol dehydrogenases in the allotetraploid plant Tragopogon miscellus and its diploid progenitors. AB - This study demonstrates that homoeologous genes in two diploid plant species that specify different amounts of an enzyme maintain the same relative level of expression in an allotetraploid derivative. The three predominant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes (DD, DP, PP) in seeds of the recently evolved allotetraploid plant Tragopogon miscellus (Compositae) are dimers specified by Adh3-D and Adh3-P genes derived from its diploid progenitors T. dubius and T. pratensis. Seeds of T. pratensis contain twice as much ADH activity as those of T. dubius, while T. miscellus is intermediate. The three isozymes were similar in a number of catalytic properties; the densitometric ratio of the isozymes purified from T. miscellus was 1 DD : 4DP : 4PP for both ADH activity and protein; and dissociation-reassociation of the DP enzyme gave a 1:2:1 ratio of the three isozymes. Therefore, the enzymes were similar in specific activity, but twice as many P as D subunits were present in active enzymes in T. miscellus, precisely the difference in activity between the parents. In T. miscellus, the specific activity of ADH and its activity per mg tissue are intermediate to those of the diploids, because relative expression of the Adh gene in each genome is not influenced by the presence of the other genome. PMID- 7018493 TI - A qualitative difference in plasma renin activity in Dahl rats susceptible or resistant to salt-induced hypertension. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in the rats bred by Dahl for susceptibility (S-strain) or resistance (R-strain) to salt (NaCl) induced hypertension. The pH curves for PRA had different shapes. The difference in shape of the pH curves was reflected in the ratio of PRA pH 8/PRA pH 6.5. This ratio was shown to be characteristic of the strain and to be independent of changes in absolute PRA level induced by variation in dietary NaCl. The ratio of PRA pH 8/PRA pH 6.5 was also different between strains in weanling as well as adult rats. The underlying cause for the strain difference in the effect of pH on PRA is unknown, but may involve molecular differences between strains in either renin or renin substrate. PMID- 7018494 TI - Effects of O2 stress on tomato alcohol dehydrogenase activity: description of a second ADH coding genes. AB - Subjecting tomato seedlings to anaerobic conditions results in expression of a previously undescribed Adh gene, Adh-2. Induction profiles were similar for all tissues, including roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons, and true leaves. In sharp contrast to ADH-1, ADH-2 showed no induction under anaerobic stress. The only time ADH-2 activity was expressed (under noninduced conditions) was during the early stages of embryogenesis. By late embryogenesis, ADH-2 activity approached a zero level, concomitant with a sharp rise in ADH-1 activity, which is found in the cotyledons of quiescent embryo. Despite striking differences in the regulation of these two genes, their homology is demonstrated in the ability of their enzyme subunits to form presumed intergenic heterodimers, which are visible during the transient period of embryogenesis when the polypeptides encoded by both genes are expressed. A multiple point linkage test using isozymic marker genes placed the Adh-2 locus on chromosome 6 near Aps-1, whereas Adh-1 resides on chromosome 4. PMID- 7018495 TI - Long - lasting synchrony of the division of enteric bacteria. PMID- 7018496 TI - Identification of protease IV of E, coli. PMID- 7018497 TI - Effect of glucose on protein phosphorylation in rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 7018498 TI - The location of drug binding sites in human serum albumin. PMID- 7018499 TI - Crossed digoxin immunoreactivity in chromatographic fractions of rat adrenal extract. PMID- 7018500 TI - From benign polyclonal to malignant monoclonal lymphoproliferation in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7018501 TI - Synergistic interaction of bactericidal drugs and a factor present in serum ultrafiltrate. AB - Ultrafiltrate of serum of guinea-pig and man contains a factor which interacts synergistically with cephaloridine, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid against Escherichia coli. The factor on its own is not bactericidal. Gel filtration showed that the main peaks of the fractions with biological activity correspond to a MW of about 200. Chemical analysis excluded the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, ribonucleic acid at levels detectable with standard methods. Moreover the activity of the factor was not destroyed by meat nor by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. A sequential mechanism or a reaction of the factor with drugs are considered as two possible explanations of the interaction. PMID- 7018503 TI - Lipoprotein lipids in renal transplant recipients of different pre-transplant etiology of renal disease. A comparison of male and female patients. AB - Serum and lipoprotein lipids have been compared in male and female transplant recipients with glomerulonephritis or analgesic nephropathy as etiology of pre transplant renal disease, and a number of differences were observed. (1) Serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels were elevated in glomerulonephritis and female analgesic nephropathy, but not in male analgesic nephropathy patients. (2) Glomerulonephritis patients had normal low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels whereas these were elevated in female and depressed in male analgesic nephropathy patients. (3) LDL phospholipid, on the other hand, was normal in male and elevated in female transplant recipients irrespective of etiology of pre transplant renal disease, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipid levels were elevated in female glomerulonephritis patients only. Mild hypertriglyceridemia and a tendency to increased HDL cholesterol were observed in all patients. These results provide further evidence for the complexity of lipoprotein lipid abnormalities in renal disease. PMID- 7018502 TI - Comparison of the effects of colestipol hydrochloride and clofibrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. AB - The effects of colestipol HCl resin and clofibrate on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were compared in 65 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with colestipol (in progressive doses of 15, 20, and 30 g/day), clofibrate (2 g/day), or placebo resin; lipoprotein levels were determined at months 0, 2, 4, 6, and 9. The colestipol group received both colestipol and clofibrate during months 7 through 9 of the study. After 6 months of treatment, mean plasma total cholesterol fell from 333 to 266 (P less than 0.01) on colestipol, and from 329 to 270 (P less than 0.05) on clofibrate. More patients responded, however, to colestipol than to clofibrate. Both drugs also produced significant reductions in LDL cholesterol levels, and clofibrate lowered plasma triglycerides as well. HDL cholesterol level did not change significantly on either medication. The placebo group showed no change in any of the parameters studied. A significant difference was not observed between the effects of 15 g/day of colestipol and those of the higher doses studies. Addition of clofibrate to colestipol did not enhance the latter's hypocholesterolemic action. PMID- 7018504 TI - Testosterone inhibits prostacyclin production by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The effects of testosterone on cell proliferation and prostacyclin production were investigated using rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. Testosterone at 10(-10)-10(-6) M did not have any significant effect on cell proliferation, but it significantly inhibited prostacyclin production by the cells. Maximal inhibition of prostacyclin production (70%) was observed when cells were treated with a physiological concentration of 19(-8) M testosterone for 5 consecutive days. These results suggest that testosterone may stimulate thrombus formation and accelerate atherosclerosis by suppressing prostacyclin production in arterial smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7018505 TI - [Paget's bone disease and virus (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of the large number of theories advanced to clarify the etiology of Paget's disease, its cause is still being discussed, and no satisfactory conclusion has been reached. The possibility of a viral origin was raised by the discovery of inclusion bodies, detectable by electron microscopy, in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the osteoclasts in the affected bone tissue, in 1974. In fact, the microcylindrical structures described by various authors, and visible only in osteoclasts and only in Paget's disease, if one excepts certain giant-cell bone tumors, have a close analogy, morphologically, with the nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus of the measles group, described in experimental infections or human diseases (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). Various morphological arguments, drawn from studies of inclusions in richly nucleated giant osteoclasts found in Paget's disease, are in favor of the viral nature of these formations. Immunocytological methods have constituted another approach to the problem raised by the discovery of inclusions. They have demonstrated the existence of an antigenic material in the osteoclasts found in Paget's disease which reacts positively with antiserums containing anti-measles antibodies or with produce a crossed reaction with them. Controlled tests have confirmed these findings. Biological arguments are presently sufficient, therefore, for the possibility of a viral etiology of Paget's disease to be validly accepted from among the pathogenic hypotheses proposed for a disease that was first described a century ago. PMID- 7018506 TI - [Central core disease. Two cases with histoenzymology, electron microscopy and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Central axis myopathy is one of the commonest congenital myopathies. It is transmitted above all by a dominant autosomal mode, but sporadic cases are numerous. Clinically, it is characterised by neonatal hypotonicity, delayed slow motor development in the young child, but the diagnosis may be mode only in adult life. There is preferential involvement of the muscles of the pelvis girdle, muscle wasting otherwise remaining moderate in general. Various skeletal malformation are fairly often present in association. the electromyogram is of myogenic type. The disorder does not show any marked progression. By light microscopy, the central axis is more clearly seen by stains such as PAS, trichromes, and haematoxylin phospho-tungstic. In most cases it is the sole finding and is seen in a variable number of fibres, not only from one patient to another, but from one muscle to another. The rest of the fibre may be normal or show various lesions with no specific characteristics. Histoenzymology may show rarefaction or disappearance of the II fibres, relative hypotrophy of I or II fibres, or the absence of any oxidative phosphorylase activity in the central axis. The latter shows changes with regard to ATPase activity ("structured core" and "non-structured core"). Electron microscopy shows changes in varying degree in the axis, possibly to the extent of myofibrillary destruction, contrasting with the absence of or only slight changes in the rest of the fibre. Two cases, one in a child and the other in a 24-year-old woman, are reported, illustrating the above findings. Various interpretations have been suggested for this condition. Certain authors accept the existence of progressive transformation of the II fibres, whilst others describe pathology of the Z striae or a disturbance in the distribution of the mitochondria. Similarities with other muscular lesions, in particular rod myopathy, have been envisaged. PMID- 7018507 TI - [Endocrine pancreatic regeneration in diabetic mouse DBM. An ultrastructural and histoenzymological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018508 TI - [Atheroma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018509 TI - [Follicular centroblastic centrocytic malignant lymphoma associated with lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018511 TI - [Morphological study of a bone tumor. I. Macroscopic, radiographic and cytological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Pitfalls in histological studies of bone tumor are mostly due to inadequate macroscopic procedures and lack of precise radiological data. Simple technical steps are suggested, including methods of studying resection or amputation specimens, radiographs of tumoral sections, and procedures for obtaining good quality cytological images, particularly useful for the analysis of some types of bone tumors. PMID- 7018510 TI - [Technics, main advantages and best indications of quick plastic embedding (author's transl)]. AB - Three recent progresses allow to perform plastic embedding of moderate or large samples of tissue in limits of time close to those of the paraffin embedding and to obtain slices between 1 and 2,5 mu on which all current histochemical or even histo-immunological reactions are possible. These technics prevent the retraction of the tissues, give a good preservation of the structure of the cells and permit a good analysis of the tiny lesions of all kinds of tissues. From our experience about 1362 varied biopsies, the best indications seems to be in order : kidney, hepatic, lung, medullary and nodes biopsies. It seems now justified to introduce these technics as a routine one, inside laboratories which have to detect tiny lesions on particular tissues or on experimental samples. PMID- 7018512 TI - [Histomorphometric study of lymphocyte population in thyroid in Graves' disease after treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The degree of lymphocyte infiltration in subtotal thyroidectomy specimens from patients with treated Graves' disease varies greatly from one case to another. A morphometric study, employing standard and immunofluorescent slides was conducted to evaluate possible statistical correlations between clinical and morphological findings. Quantitative lymphoplasmocytic cellularity differences appeared to be related to the course of the disease. Lymphocyte infiltration was greater in patients with long-standing disease and/or relapses. PMID- 7018513 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of tetanus and serological verification of the immunological status. Serological monitoring in the course of therapy and prophylaxis]. AB - The tests for tetanus aetiological diagnosis are briefly surveyed: with particular attention to Passive Haemagglutination on Turkey Red Blood Cells (P.H./T.R.B.C.), for the assessment of antitoxin serum level. The P.H./T.R.B.C. proves a valuable tool in different occasions: -in patients, to control the immunotherapy; -in subjects at risk, to apply a correct prophylaxis; -in the whole population, to verify the outcome of compulsory vaccination. PMID- 7018514 TI - Effect of thymopoietin pentapeptide on low reversible E-rosette forming cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. -I) In vitro study. PMID- 7018515 TI - Effects of thymopoietin pentapeptide on low reversible E-rosette forming cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients.-II) In vivo study. PMID- 7018516 TI - Pharmacological induced depression of E-rosette forming cells (RFC) of normal healthy subjects. Restoration by levamisole and thymopoietin pentapeptide. AB - The authors describe a pharmacological inhibition of E-Rosette formation by the "in vitro" addition of adenosine and theophylline. In the same experimental conditions TP5 and levamisole are able to reverse this inhibiting activity. The role of the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in the regulation of the lymphocytes response is discussed. PMID- 7018518 TI - [Calcium and endocrine pancreas secretion. II. Effects of an infusion of calcium on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by intravenous administration of glucose]. AB - IRI, IRG and blood glucose levels after I.V.G.T.T. in normal subjects were not significantly modified when I.V.G.T.T. was repeated during a prolonged calcium infusion (15 mg/Kg body weight per 90'). The Authors advance the hypothesis that no closed relationships exist between serum calcium levels and insulin secretion, in these experimental conditions; with regard to glucagon secretion, further experiences are of course required namely during alpha-cell stimulation. PMID- 7018519 TI - [Cytogenetics in bone marrow transplantations. I. Bone marrow aplasia]. AB - A bone marrow transplantation has been carried out in a patient with bone marrow aplasia. Besides the cytochemical and haematological tests, the cytogenetic analysis has been performed to check whether the transplantation was successful. In this case the donor was the patient's sister, so that the presence of the chimere has been used as a criteria for judging the conditions of the transplantation. the cytogenetic analysis, furthermore, is suitable to detect other chromosome abnormalities, which can represent a condition of instability of the transplanted cells and are probably an early expression of the transplanted bone marrow. PMID- 7018517 TI - [Calcium and endocrine pancreas secretion. I. Effects of an infusion of calcium on plasma levels of insulin and glucagon]. AB - The authors have investigated the behaviour of IRI, IRG and blood glucose levels during a calcium infusion (15 mg/Kg body weight per 90') and during an equivalent saline infusion, in normal subjects. No evident differences were observed between the two infusions; only a slight but not significant decrease of glucagon levels appeared during calcium administration. Further experiences are clearly required, especially during alpha and beta cells stimulation, to better elucidate relationships between calcium and pancreatic endocrine secretion "in vivo". PMID- 7018520 TI - [Cytogenetics in bone marrow transplantations. II. Acute lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - In this we report cytogenetic data concerning two patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), submitted to bone marrow transplantation. In one of two patients the chimere was present while in the other case it was absent, since the donor and the acceptor were of the same sex. However even in the latter case, the cytogenetic analysis was useful and led to the identification of endomitosis and endoreduplication phenomena, which are signs for an unlucky prognosis. PMID- 7018522 TI - [The additive effect of amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) on parkinsonian patients receiving levodopa treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018521 TI - [Role of cytochrome P-450 in strain D7 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Usual "in vitro" mutagenesis tests combine microbial test systems with mammalian metabolism (microsomal assay). Some cases are known in which expected positive results are not obtained due to many factors operating between the microsomes in the incubation mixtures and the nucleus of the test microbial cells (detoxifying mechanisms, permeability effects, unstable intermediate, alternative targets in the pathway, etc.). In these cases, useful additional information could be obtained using microbial test systems with incorporated metabolism. Microbial systems and in particular yeasts in Cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolizing activity are known since many years. We studied under this aspect the strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in our laboratory, in order to standardize the conditions for optimal metabolizing activity. The composition of the culture medium, the growth phase, and the effect of the amount of the initial inoculum, were studied. Cytochrome P-450 content was determined by the technique of difference spectra (reduced cytochrome +/- CO). Results on the effect of glucose and sodium phenobarbital concentration in the culture medium were in agreement with the literature. Moreover we found that the cytochrome P-450 contents was markedly dependent on the size of the initial inoculum, being higher and the smaller was the initial inoculum. PMID- 7018523 TI - Crowning pulpless teeth. Part 2. PMID- 7018524 TI - Extracts from the last century. Susceptibility and immunity by dental caries by G.V. Black. PMID- 7018525 TI - History of oral medicine. PMID- 7018526 TI - Orthodontics--the last hundred years. PMID- 7018527 TI - Extracts from the last century. Mechanical dentistry--on regulation cases by F.H. Balkwill. PMID- 7018528 TI - One hundred years of dental public health. PMID- 7018529 TI - Extracts from the last century. Dental preventive medicine. PMID- 7018530 TI - In search of perfect dental materials. PMID- 7018531 TI - The development of dental radiology. The realisation of a scientific dream. PMID- 7018532 TI - Oral anatomy--progress of a discipline. PMID- 7018533 TI - The general dental council. Twenty-five years on. PMID- 7018534 TI - The dental estimates board. Thirty-three years at Eastbourne. PMID- 7018536 TI - A century of oral physiology. PMID- 7018535 TI - Extracts from the last century. A course of lectures on dental anatomy and physiology by Thomas Gaddes. PMID- 7018537 TI - Caries, bacteria, the pulp and plastic restorations. PMID- 7018538 TI - First-pass lung uptake of propranolol enhanced in anaesthetized dogs. AB - Uptake of 14C-propranolol after a single passage through the pulmonary circulation was studied in three groups of Labrador dogs using a double indicator dilution method. Uptake in conscious, ambulant animals was 53%. This increased to 81% in dogs anaesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide and halothane and to 64% in dogs anaesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide and fentanyl. Interaction between lipid-soluble anaesthetic agents and pulmonary endothelial cell membranes may be an important factor in increasing lung uptake of lipophilic propranolol, although alteration in pulmonary perfusion associated with a reduction in cardiac output during general anaesthesia may play a part. The pharmacological effects of propranolol administered i.v. during general anaesthesia may be unpredictable. PMID- 7018540 TI - Clinical manifestations of vascular disease. PMID- 7018539 TI - Experience with the cerebral function monitor during deliberate hypotension. AB - Forty-five healthy patients (30 aged 15-46 yr and 15 aged 58-82 yr) undergoing various types of plastic surgery were studied during deliberate hypotension produced by a combination of ganglion- and beta-blockade, halothane, head-up tilt and positive end expiratory pressure. A Cerebral Function Monitor was used to assess the adequacy of cerebral perfusion. Cerebral activity did not undergo any significant change if the systolic arterial pressure was decreased gradually and maintained at approximately 60 mm Hg at heart level. However, a rapid decrease in pressure may depress cerebral activity in a reversible manner. PMID- 7018541 TI - The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in circulatory control and hypertension. AB - The control of arterial pressure in normal and pathological states is governed by many mechanisms. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is one mechanism which may be activated. The formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and the synthesis of aldosterone provide a means of arterial pressure regulation. With the recent introduction of specific agents which block the renin-angiotensin system, new appreciation of the role of this system is being formed. It is premature to predict whether we, as anaesthetists, will use such agents in our anaesthetic practice. However, we will see some patients who present for surgery taking such medication. How this will influence the patient's response to surgery is unknown. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may allow better perfusion of vital organs. It may, however, be detrimental to the patient who needs this defense mechanism for support of his arterial pressure. At the present time these are all unsettled questions. Through the use of specific inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system its importance will be defined, much as alpha- and beta adrenoceptor antagonists have clarified our understanding of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7018542 TI - Special ultrasonic methods for the assessment and imaging of systemic arterial disease. PMID- 7018543 TI - Preoperative assessment of the patient with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7018544 TI - Anaesthetic management of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7018545 TI - Anaesthesia for patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7018546 TI - Cardiovascular monitoring in patients with vascular disease. PMID- 7018547 TI - Favourable effects of yohimbine on clomipramine-induced orthostatic hypotension: a double-blind study. PMID- 7018548 TI - Cells from normal brain and gliomas synthesize pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein-like material in vitro. AB - The synthesis of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was studied in normal brain-derived and malignant glial-cell cultures. The normal brain-derived and glioma cells were found to contain SP1 when studied by radioimmunoassay and by the triple-bridge immunoperoxidase technique. The active synthesis of SP1 by these brain-derived cells was confirmed by metabolic labelling and subsequent immune precipitation of the culture medium. The SP1-like material produced by the brain-derived cells had the same molecular weight as purified placental SP1. PMID- 7018549 TI - Antitumour antibodies induced by rat embryo cells and spontaneous mammary carcinoma cells treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. AB - It has previously been shown that rat embryo cells treated in vitro with 3 methylcholanthrene (MCA) elicit antibodies in syngeneic rats which react specifically against established MCA-induced sarcomas. To examine the possibility that clonal amplification of one or a few antigenic, preneoplastic clones is responsible for the previously observed specific antibody responses, MCA-treated rat embryo cells have been subjected to 150 Gy of gamma-irradiation before injection into host animals. The resulting antisera were screened for reactivity against a panel of established syngeneic tumours by membrane immunofluorescence and an isotopic antiglobulin test. A positive reaction was observed between an antiserum pool raised against gamma-irradiated MCA-treated cells and the cells of an immunogenic spontaneous mammary carcinoma. Antiserum to gamma-irradiated control (acetone-treated) cells was negative. Thus gamma-irradiation of carcinogen-treated cells before injection failed to abolish specific antibody responses in immunized rats. To investigate further the relationships between cell-carcinogen interaction, neoantigen induction and malignancy, the cells of a non-immunogenic, spontaneous mammary carcinoma were treated with MCA in vitro, and antisera against treated and untreated cells were tested against a panel of established tumours. A positive membrane-immunofluorescence reaction was obtained with an antiserum to MCA-treated cells, but not to untreated cells against an aminoazodye-induced hepatoma, indicating that the previously non-immunogenic mammary carcinoma cells had acquired new antigenic specificities as a consequence of carcinogen treatment. PMID- 7018550 TI - The fate of allogeneic grafts of intact bone marrow in immunologically tolerant recipients and after abrogation of the tolerance. AB - In ossicles derived from grafts of compatible intact bone marrow in the subcapsular renal site the ectopic bone remains of donor provenance but the haemopoietic elements are partially replaced with tissue by host cells derived from stem cells migrating from the blood. Ossicles derived from incompatible intact bone marrow grafted in immunologically tolerant recipients are morphologically identical to those derived from compatible intact bone marrow. On abolition of the tolerance the allogeneic ectopic bone and donor microenvironment for haemopoiesis became manifest: haemopoietic marrow, even the host elements, was rapidly lost, bone disappearing rapidly if recently established, slowly if long established. Provided the state of immunological tolerance persists, the histoincompatible bone and microenvironment of the donor co-exist with marrow derived from the circulating haemopoietic stem cells of the tolerant recipient. PMID- 7018551 TI - The influence of the hair-follicle cycle on skin allografts in the congenitally athymic "nude" mouse. AB - Telogen and anagen skin allografts of different ages were performed in congenitally athymic "nude" mouse recipients. After grafting, anagen skin allografts were more disturbed compared to telogen skin allografts. Consequently, when performing skin allografts attention should be paid to the hair-follicle cycle. In macroscopic and microscopic appearance allografts in the "nude" mouse were comparable to isografts as described in the literature for normal fur bearing immune competent recipients. PMID- 7018553 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7018552 TI - Immunity to influenza in ferrets. XIV: Comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine. AB - Immunization by live influenza virus induced a greater protective effect against subsequent challenge by the homologous virus than by the corresponding killed virus vaccine. Furthermore, tracheas excised from 11-day and 28-day influenza virus-infected ferrets were more resistant to reinfection than tracheas excised from ferrets immunized by killed influenza vaccine, despite equivalent serum antibody titres at these times. Histological examination of trachea sections taken from vaccinated and virus-infected animals showed an increased cellular inflammatory infiltrate in the latter at Days 11 and 28 after immunization. The amount of IgG detected in these sections, measured by a fluorescent antibody technique, correlated with the extent of cellular infiltration, the fluorescence being both intra- and extracellular for sections from virus-infected animals, but only extracellular in sections from Day-28 vaccinated animals. In contrast there was little or no cellular infiltration into lung tissues, the levels of IgG detected being comparable to those in sections taken from control animals. These results provide further evidence that live influenza vaccines induce local antibody in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, in contrast to killed influenza vaccines, and that this local induction may play a significant role in the greater protective efficacy of live influenza vaccines. PMID- 7018554 TI - The Budd-Chiari syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 7018555 TI - Abnormalities of T-cell subsets in patients with neutropenia and an excess of lymphocytes in the bone marrow. AB - Morphological, surface-marker and culture studies were performed in three patients who had in common neutropenia and an excess of lymphocytes in the bone marrow, but who differed from each other in certain regards such as age and peripheral lymphocyte numbers. All three patients had an increased proportion of E-rosetting cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG. These cells were shown to be T lymphocytes by staining with monoclonal anti-T-cell sera and their subset phenotype was established as OKT4- OKT8+; in addition, a variable proportion of the cells was Ia+. The functional significance of this expanded subpopulation of T cells was not clear, but it was shown that they did not inhibit colony formation in vitro. PMID- 7018556 TI - A cross-matching procedure for the selection of platelet donors for alloimmunized patients. AB - A platelet cross-matching procedure has been assessed for selecting compatible donors for alloimmunized patients. This confirms the clinical value of combining an indirect platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) with a lymphocytotoxicity test (LCT) in predicting the survival of single-donor platelets. There was good agreement between the PIFT cross-match and post-transfusion platelet recovery. Compatibility in the LCT alone was insufficient for platelet donor selection, as this test did not detect all antibodies affecting platelet survival. Positive LCT and PIFT cross-matches indicated the presence of HLA antibodies. Inclusion of an indirect lymphocyte immunofluorescence test (LIFT) helped to classify the platelet antibody when the LCT cross-match was negative. In such cases, parallel positive findings with the LIFT and PIFT suggested a cytotoxic-negative antibody of probable HLA specificity active against platelets. Disparity between the LIFT and PIFT was also observed; a strongly positive PIFT along with a weak reaction in the LIFT suggested that a platelet-specific antibody was responsible for the poor platelet survival in these cases. This study has also shown the presence in multitransfused patients of LIFT-positive antibodies not reacting in the LCT and PIFT, which do not affect the survival of transfused platelets. A positive granulocyte cross-match was demonstrated in patients with febrile rigors associated with compatible platelet transfusions. Splenectomy and steroids may improve the survival of incompatible platelets depending on the nature of the platelet antibody. PMID- 7018557 TI - A double blind trial of extra-amniotic oestriol and prostaglandin F2 alpha gels in cervical ripening. AB - Forty nulliparous patients with Bishop score of 3 or less were given 15 mg oestriol gel, 10 mg PGF2 alpha gel or gel alone via the extra-amniotic route. Both the oestriol and prostaglandin treated patients had a significant increase in Bishop score and a significant reduction in induction-delivery interval compared to controls. Oestriol gel had significantly less stimulatory effect on uterine activity than prostaglandin gel, indicating a possible local action. PMID- 7018558 TI - Hydrops fetalis due to congenital cardiac rhabdomyoma. Case report. AB - A case is presented of hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios and intrauterine death diagnosed antenatally by ultrasound in which congenital cardiac rhabdomyoma was found at postmortem. Conditions associated with rhabdomyoma are briefly discussed. PMID- 7018559 TI - Reversal of diabetic retinopathy by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a case report. AB - We report the case history of a 20-year-old diabetic girl with long-standing poorly controlled disease who presented with severe retinopathic features and who was treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). When first seen she had macular oedema and a visual acuity of 6/18 in her only eye, together with multiple blot haemorrhages and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. Marked reversal of the retinal lesions occurred within 65 days of initiating SCII and after only 36 days of constant normoglycaemia. Subsequent good blood glucose control on conventional subcutaneous insulin injections has been achieved, and the retinopathy remains quiescent with a visual acuity of 6/5. We suggest that CSII may be a potentially useful method of arresting and reversing early diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7018560 TI - Uveitis, vitreous humour, and klebsiella. II. Cross-reactivity studies with radioimmunoassay. AB - Radioimmunoassay with calf and cow vitreous humour-I125 and rabbit antivitreous humour serum has been employed to investigate the immunological cross-reactivity of vitreous humour with bacterial and mammalian tissue antigens. Klebsiella ultrasonicate preparation at a dose fo 10 000 micrograms/ml was found to inhibit the binding of vitreous humour by 25-100% (p less than 0.001), compared with an inhibition of 5-30% by a similar quantity of E. coli ultrasonicate preparation. Equivalent amounts of Streptococcus pyogenes antigen, bovine haemoglobin, and hyaluronic acid had no inhibitory effect, while horse spleen ferritin was found to inhibit vitreous humour binding between 0 and 10%. These results indicate that klebsiella micro-organisms have antigens which partially resemble some eyeball components. It is suggested that acute anterior uveitis of ankylosing spondylitis may be produced by anti-Gram-negative bacterial antibodies binding to cross reacting eye antigens. PMID- 7018561 TI - Electron microscopic study of epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - An electron microscope study of 2 cases of epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty is presented. Several differences were observed between the normal epithelium and downgrowth epithelium at the ultrastructure level. At the advancing edge of the downgrowth a flattened and fibroblastic endothelium was still present. An interaction area was observed between these 2 tissues. The epithelial downgrowth usually has 5 to 6 layers of cells and either replaces damaged endothelium or destroys it as it advances. The attachment of this downgrowth tissue to the Descemet's membrane at the centre of the graft seemed looser than attachment of a normal epithelium to Bowman's membrane. Near the host graft junction the downgrowth epithelium, with basement membrane, was tightly attached to a fibrous retrocorneal membrane. Clinical and histological findings suggest that the absence of endothelium assists in the advance of the epithelial downgrowth, but it is not an essential factor. The causes of this downgrowth are thought to be (1) a thin host cornea; (2) incomplete cutting and wound incarceration of Descemet's membrane; and (3) tight sutures with disruption of an old cataract wound. PMID- 7018562 TI - Kinetics of pH-dependent interconversion of tryptophanase spectral forms studied by scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry. AB - Morino and Snell [Morino, Y., & Snell, E. E. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 5591 5601] previously showed that the relative amplitudes of the 337- and 420-nm absorption bands of tryptophanase depended on both pH and the nature of a required monovalent cation activator. An investigation of the kinetics of interconversion of the 337- and 420-nm forms following a rapid incremental increase (jump) or decrease (drop) in pH over the range of enzyme stability in 0.2 M KCl at 24 +/- 0.3 degrees C by scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry showed three distinct time-dependent phases. They were (1) an abrupt phase which is complete in less than 6.5 ms, (2) a fast first-order interconversion of the 420- and 337-nm absorbances, and (3) a slow first-order process involving growth at 355 nm coupled to two decays centered at 325 and 430 nm in the incremental pH jumps and decay at 355 nm with concomitant growth at 430 and 290 nm in the incremental pH-drop experiments. The results of these experiments were analyzed in terms of a scheme involving enzyme forms E alpha, E beta, E beta H+, E gamma, E gamma H+, and E delta. The E alpha form predominates in the absence of activating monovalent cations and absorbs at 420 nm. Those in the beta manifold, E beta and E beta H+, also absorb at 420 nm while those in the gamma manifold, E gamma and E gamma H+, absorb at 337 nm. The form E delta absorbs at 335 nm. E beta H+ and E gamma H+ represent the protonated form of the enzyme in each manifold. Analysis of the abrupt phase showed no significant systematic changes in absorbance above 330 nm for either the pH-jump or pH-drop experiments. The fast second phase involves the first-order interconversion of the beta and gamma manifolds while the slow third phase describes the buildup or decay of the delta manifold. Presumably conformational changes control the rate of these interconversions. The pH dependence of the fast first-order beta to gamma conversion was described and evaluated in terms of five independent equilibrium and rate constants and three independent amplitude terms by simultaneously fitting the amplitude data and first-order rate constants to an equation describing the overall scheme with a nonlinear least-squares program KINFIT4 [Dye, J. L., & Nicely, V. A. (1971) J. Chem. Educ. 48, 443-448]. The pK for protonation of the beta form = 9.70 +/- 0.12, for protonation of the gamma form (337-nm absorber) = 6.77 +/- 0.10, and for the pH-dependent interconversion of the beta and gamma manifolds, pKa = 8.11 +/- 0.04. The computed equilibrium distribution among the four species of the beta and gamma manifolds showed that E beta H+ and E gamma predominate. PMID- 7018563 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic study of interaction of amino acid inhibitors with tryptophanase: mechanism of quinonoid formation. PMID- 7018564 TI - Inactivation of the RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli. Interaction of penam sulfones with enzyme. AB - The characteristics of the reaction of a number of mechanism-based inactivators of the RTEM beta-lactamase have suggested that a common mechanistic pathway may be followed by many of these compounds. These ideas have been tested by the synthesis and evaluation of some penam sulfones as beta-lactamase inactivators. The sulfones of poor beta-lactamase substrates are, as predicted, potent inactivators of the enzyme. A unique serin residue (Ser-70) is labeled by quinacillin sulfone, and it is likely that this serine acts nucleophilically in the normal hydrolytic reaction of the beta-lactamase to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate. PMID- 7018565 TI - Inhibition of the RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli. Interaction of enzyme with derivatives of olivanic acid. AB - The interaction of the RTEM beta-lactamase with two derivatives of olivanic acid has been studied. The compound MM22382 (1) behaves simply as a good substrate for the enzyme and is a relatively ineffective inhibitor. In contrast, the sulfate ester MM13902 (2) is a poor substrate and an excellent inhibitor of the enzyme. The inhibition derives from a branching of the normal hydrolytic pathway of the enzyme. At long times, all the catalytic activity of the enzyme returns. Free sulfate ion is not produced during the interaction with the enzyme, which rules out a mechanistic pathway involving beta elimination between C-6 and C-8. The validity of a number of alternative schemes is assessed. PMID- 7018566 TI - Medium effects in enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylations. AB - Carbon isotope effects and steady-state kinetic parameters have been measured for the decarboxylation of arginine and homoarginine by the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent arginine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. In water at pH 5.25, 5 degrees C, homoarginine shows an isotope effect k12/k13 = 1.601, indicating that the decarboxylation step is entirely rate determining. In the presence of 16 mol % ethylene glycol under otherwise identical conditions, the decarboxylation rate is increased 3-fold, and the carbon isotope effect is 1.044, indicating that the rate of the decarboxylation step is increased by the presence of the less polar solvent. The decarboxylation or arginine under the same conditions shows a similar trend: in water, the isotope effect is 1.027, decreasing to 1.003 in 16% ethylene glycol, with little change in the steady-state rate. Again, the rate of the decarboxylation step is substantially increased by the presence of the nonpolar solvent. Thus, pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymatic decarboxylations show a medium effect similar to that observed in a number of nonenzymatic decarboxylations. This suggests that these enzymes may accelerate the decarboxylation step by providing a nonpolar environment. Evidence is also presented that desolvation of the substrate carboxyl group may contribute to catalysis. PMID- 7018567 TI - Purification and characterization of carboxypeptidase A from rat skeletal muscle. AB - Carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1) has been purified 44 000-fold in 33% yield from rat skeletal muscle by a four-step procedure. Purification in the presence of dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate conveniently inactivates an accompanying chymotrypsin-like enzyme and other serine protease(s) to ensure isolation of pure carboxypeptidase A free of polypeptide contaminants. The enzyme preparation consists of two components with molecular weights of approximately 39 300 and 37 800. The rat muscle carboxypeptidase is very similar to bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase A in terms of (1) substrate specificity, (2) kinetics and molecular activity, (3) influence of metal ions on catalysis, (4) interaction with inhibitors, (5) effects of ionic strength on activity, and (6) stability and activity as functions of pH. Both muscle and pancreatic carboxypeptidases exhibit enhanced esterolytic activity when assayed in the presence of a variety of indoles and imidazoles or after incubation at relatively high concentrations of MnSO4. The muscle enzyme is substantially less stable than its pancreatic homologue, and in impure preparations is very much less soluble. The latter property is attributable to a binding substance present in such preparations which renders muscle but not pancreatic carboxypeptidase A insoluble until ionic strength is increased to values near 2 M. PMID- 7018568 TI - Identification of proteins at the subunit interface of the Escherichia coli ribosome by cross-linking with dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobis(propionimidate). AB - The 70S ribosomes of Escherichia coli were treated with dimethyl 3,3' dithiobis(propionimidate). Under conditions where 40% of the lysine epsilon-amino groups became modified, about 50% of the ribosomes became resistant to dissociation into 30S and 50S subunits when analyzed in the absence of reducing agents on sucrose gradients containing low magnesium concentrations. Dissociation took place in the presence of reducing agents, indicating that the bifunctional reagent had reacted with proteins from both subunits. Proteins were extracted from purified cross-linked 70S ribosomes by using conditions to preclude disulfide interchange. Disulfide-linked protein complexes and non-cross-linked proteins were first fractionated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide/urea gels at pH 5.5. The proteins from sequential slices of the urea gel were analyzed by two-dimensional diagonal polyacrylamide/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Monomeric proteins derived from cross-linked dimers appeared below the diagonal of non-cross-linked proteins since the second electrophoresis but not the first is run under reducing conditions to cleave the cross-linked species. Final identification of the constituent proteins in each dimer was made by radioiodination of the cross-linked proteins, followed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide/urea gel electrophoresis in the presence of nonradioactive marker 70S protein. The identification of 11 cross-linked protein dimers which contained one protein from each of the two ribosomal subunits is described. We conclude that the proteins in these cross-linked pairs are located in the regions of contact between the two subunits, i.e., at the "subunit interface". PMID- 7018569 TI - Selective N-bromosuccinimide oxidation of the nonfluorescent tryptophan-31 in the active center of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli. AB - The two tryptophan residues (Trp-28 and Trp-31) of thioredoxin-S2 from Escherichia coli were selectively tritiated with trifluoroacetic [3H]acid. The 3H label was introduced to permit quantitative amino acid sequence analyses of the result of N-bromosuccinimide oxidation of tryptophan to oxindolylalanine. Addition of 3-fold molar excess of N-bromosuccinimide at pH 4 modifies a tryptophan in thioredoxin-S2 that is nonessential for enzyme activity with thioredoxin reductase and has a strongly quenched fluorescence in both oxidized and reduced thioredoxin. This residue was shown to be Trp-31 by amino acid sequence analyses of 3H-labeled chymotryptic peptides from the modified protein. The results demonstrate that the second tryptophan residue, Trp-28, signals a conformational change on reduction of the active-center disulfide to a dithiol by increasing its fluorescence quantum yield about 6-fold at pH 7. The differential reactivity of the tryptophan residues agrees with the known three-dimensional structure of thioredoxin-S2. PMID- 7018570 TI - Inactivation of RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli by clavulanic acid and 9-deoxyclavulanic acid. AB - The interaction of the TEM-2 beta-lactamase with 9-deoxyclavulanic acid (3) and with both extensively labeled (2) and specifically labeled (1) clavulanic acid has been studied. The close similarity between 9-doexyclavulanate and clavulanate in kinetics, spectroscopic, and protein chemical terms show that the allyl alcohol group of clavulanate is irrelevant to its action as a beta-lactamase inactivator. Use of the radiolabeled samples of clavulanate shows that, of three irreversibly inactivated forms of the enzymes, two contain the whole clavulanate skeleton and the third only retains the carbon atoms of the original beta-lactam ring. These findings allow the complex interaction between clavulanic acid and the beta-lactamase to be defined more narrowly in chemical terms. PMID- 7018571 TI - Methotrexate and folate binding to dihydrofolate reductase. Separate characterization of the pteridine and p-aminobenzoyl binding sites by resonance Raman spectroscopy. AB - By using 324- and 350.6-nm excitation, it is possible to obtain selectively the resonance Raman spectra of the p-aminobenzoyl and pteridine chromophores, respectively, within methotrexate (MTX) or folate. Thus, for a single ligand, by changing the wavelength for excitation, the geometric conformations of both chromophores can be monitored separately. Resonance Raman spectra are reported for MTX bound to dihydrofolate reductases from Escherichia coli and from Lactobacillus casei, in each case in the presence and absence of NADPH. Additionally, some data are presented for enzyme-bound folate. The resonance Raman data support the conclusions of other workers that MTX binds with its pteridine ring protonated while the pteridine ring within folate is bound as a neutral species. However, for MTX, marked differences exist between the electronic distribution in the protonated pteridine ring for the ligand free in solution and for the bound species. The rearrangement of the pteridine electrons over and above that accompanying protonation explains the absorption properties of bound MTX, and together with protonation may account in part for the high affinity of MTX for the enzyme. The resonance Raman spectra show that slight differences exists between the pteridine sites for MTX in the three dihydrofolate reductases studied while no differences could be detected among the p aminobenzoyl sites. In each MTX-protein complex, however, there appears to be a marked change in the geometry of the amide group in the benzoyl linkage of MTX compared to the geometry found in the free ligand. The resonance Raman spectra of MTX bound to the enzymes were unchanged upon the addition of the cofactor NADPH, indicating that the cofactor does not bring about marked electron rearrangement in the bound ligands. PMID- 7018572 TI - Utilization and metabolism of methyl-sterol derivatives in the yeast mutant strain GL7. AB - Sterols modified at various positions of the tetracyclic nucleus were tested as growth supplements for Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GL7 erg12 heme3. Derivatives of 3 beta-cholestanol or delta 7-3 beta-cholestenol bearing either a single alpha-oriented methyl group of a gem-dimethyl group at C-4 supported the growth of the mutant whereas 4 beta-methyl sterols did not. The nutritionally active alkyl derivatives were metabolized to 4-demethyl sterols while 4 beta methyl derivatives were incorporated unchanged, indicating that the C-4 demethylase of yeast is specific for alpha-oriented methyl groups. It appears that 4-demethyl sterols are obligatory for growth of this organism. C-4 methyl derivatives of cholesterol did not support growth, suggesting that the delta 5 double bond blocks demethylation at the adjacent C-4. In other experiments, 14 alpha-methyl sterols were effective growth supplements, while 3 alpha methylcholesterol was totally inactive. Removal of the C-19 methyl group of cholesterol (19-noncholesterol) rendered the sterol somewhat less effective as a sterol source. The sterol specificity for yeast appears to be particularly strict with regard to substituents that add bulk to the A ring of the steroid nucleus. PMID- 7018573 TI - Amino acid sequence of residues 1-98 of the K-2Kb murine major histocompatibility alloantigen: comparison with H-2Kb and H-2db reveals extensive localized differences. PMID- 7018574 TI - Effect of the proton electrochemical gradient on maleimide inactivation of active transport in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. AB - Many active transport systems present in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles are inhibited by maleimides and other sulfhydryl reagents. These reagents do not interfere with the oxidation of reduced phenazine methosulfate or with the electrochemical proton gradient (delta muH+). The rate of inactivation is increased in the presence of reduced phenazine methosulfate, and it is shown that the electrochemical proton gradient is responsible for the effect. Furthermore, similar effects observed with the proline and melibiose transport systems. Thus, it appears that either the reactivity or accessibility of a sulfhydryl group(s) in each of these carriers is altered by the presence of a transmembrane delta muH+. The findings are consistent with the notion that delta muH+, in addition to acting as the immediate driving force the active transport, may bring about structural or conformational changes in certain membrane proteins that catalyze active transport. PMID- 7018575 TI - Dynamics of electron transfer in bacterial photosynthesis. PMID- 7018576 TI - Membrane surface charges and potentials in relation to photosynthesis. PMID- 7018577 TI - Specificity of chromatin transcription in vitro. Asymmetric transcription of the globin gene by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - The transcription of globin genes in mouse foetal liver chromatin and nuclei by exogenous Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is prone to artifacts due to RNA dependent transcription of endogenous mRNA sequences. This is particularly evident when Mn2+ is used as divalent cation in the RNA transcription reaction. However, substitution or supplementation with Mg2+ eliminates this artifact and gives essentially asymmetric DNA-dependent transcription by the polymerase. In this paper we discuss a number of general criteria which can be applied to test the validity of specific gene transcription in vitro. PMID- 7018579 TI - Hypodermin A, a trypsin-like neutral proteinase from the insect Hypoderma lineatum. AB - Hypodermin A, a serine proteinase from the larva Hypoderma lineatum, with a molecular weight of 27 000 was obtained in pure form by ion-exchange chromatography. It is inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluorate, a serine proteinase inhibitor, but not by metallo or cysteine enzyme inhibitors such as EDTA or thiol reagents. In the same way, it is fully inactivated by trypsin inhibitors, but not by specific chymotrypsin inhibitors. Its specificity, limited to carboxyl side of arginine residue in B-chain of insulin, is more complicated on other polypeptide substrates. Sequence analysis suggests structural homology with H. lineatum collagenase as well as with other members of the trypsin family. PMID- 7018580 TI - Characterization of neutral isozymes of human alpha-glucosidase: differences in substrate specificity, molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility. AB - We have previously defined two isozymes of neutral alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) on the basis of differences in electrophoretic mobility and designated these neutral alpha-glucosidase AB and alpha-glucosidase C (Swallow, D.M., Corney, G., Harris, H. and Hirschhorn, R. (1975) Ann. Hum. Gen. 38, 391-406). We now describe differences between the two isozymes with respect to molecular weight, solubility in (NH4)2SO4, glycosylation, isoelectric point and substrate specificities. Neutral alpha glucosidase C is precipitable in 40-60% (NH4)2SO4, has a molecular weight of 92 000, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and releases glucose from glycogen as well as from low molecular weight artificial and natural substrates containing alpha 1-4 glucosidic linkages. Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB precipitates at 0-40% (NH4)2SO4, binds to concanavalin A, has a molecular weight of greater than 150 000, and does not utilize alpha 1-4 linked glucose substrates larger than a disaccharide. Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB migrates more rapidly to the anode than alpha-glucosidase C when agarose, Cellogel, acrylamide or starch are used as support media. Both isozymes are equally inhibited by Zn2+. PMID- 7018578 TI - The interaction of yeast RNA polymerase I and Cibacron blue F3GA. AB - The interaction between yeast RNA polymerase I and Cibacron blue F3GA has been studied by difference spectrophotometry and column chromatography. The enzyme is reversibly inhibited by the dye. 50% inhibition is obtained with 7.5 x 10(-6) M Cibacron blue. 1 mol Cibacron blue binds per mol enzyme. This interaction, which is inhibited by salt, occurs at a site different from the active site. When RNA polymerase I is chromatographed in Blue dextran-Sepharose columns, two polypeptides, of 48 000 and 36 000 daltons, are dissociated from the enzyme. The resulting enzyme is completely inactive, ATP (5 mM) present in the elution buffer prevents both the dissociation of the polypeptides and the inactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 7018582 TI - Purification and some properties of L-glycol dehydrogenase from hen's muscle. AB - 1. An enzyme which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-linked reversible reduction of uncharged vicinal dicarbonyls and alpha-hydroxycarbonyls to L-(+)-glycols has been purified from hen's muscle. This enzyme has not been previously described. 2. According to the rules of the I.U.P.A.C.-I.U.B. Enzymes Commission, the systematic name of L (+)-glycol:NAD(P) oxidoreductase and the trivial name of L-glycol dehydrogenase are proposed for the enzyme. 3. Three forms of this enzyme differing in pI have been isolated; two forms, which together represent about 90% of total recovered activity, and electrophoretically pure. 4. Molecular weight, pH profiles and affinity for substrates are also described. PMID- 7018581 TI - Isolation of highly active papaya peptidases A and B from commercial chymopapain. AB - Four enzyme fractions were isolated from commercial chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6) by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose CM-32 and were further purified on an agarose-mercurial column. Two fractions proved to be different forms of chymopapain B, the other two were papaya peptidase A and papaya peptidase B. The two latter enzymes were examined in detail. In contrast to previous findings, papaya peptidases exhibited high specific activity, similar to that of papain, (EC 3.4.22.2) and contained about 1 mol-SH group per mol enzyme. These results are not consistent with the idea that the essential -SH group of papaya peptidase A is 'masked' in the native state, but rather suggest that previous preparations contained a substantial amount of inactive enzyme. PMID- 7018583 TI - Reorientations of coenzyme in aspartate transaminase studied on single crystals of the enzyme by polarized-light spectrophotometry. AB - Investigation of polarized-light absorption spectra of single crystals of cytosolic aspartate transaminase (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) from chicken heart has revealed that the coenzyme's absorption bands at 430 and 360 nm are polarized in opposite directions, both in crystals of the free enzyme and in its complex with a quasi-substrate, 2-methylaspartate. The opposite signs of polarization of the 430 and 360 nm bands of the free enzyme indicate different orientation of the pyridine ring of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the protonated and non-protonated forms of the "internal" coenzyme-lysine aldimine. These data suggest that reorientation of the coenzyme ring occurs mainly in the first step of the catalytic reaction, associated with proton transfer from the NH+3 group of amino acid substrate to the coenzyme-lysine aldimine. Absorption bands at 333 and 430 nm are seen in the spectra upon soaking the crystals in solutions containing aspartate, glutamate or cysteinesulfinate. Both bands are polarized in the same direction as is the 430 nm absorption bands of the protonated internal aldimine. Soaking the crystals in solutions containing 2 oxoglutarate, glutarate or maleate reverses the sign of polarization of the 430 nm band. High concentrations of acetate induce the same effect. Thus, binding of dicarboxylate or acetate anions in the active site of aspartate transaminase appears to result in partial or complete return of the coenzyme ring to a position similar to that of the non-protonated internal aldimine. PMID- 7018584 TI - Improved purification and fluorescence changes upon activation of human seminal plasma acidic protease proenzyme. AB - Modifications have been made to the previous purification procedure so that electrophoretically homogeneous acidic protease (EC 3.4.23.-) proenzyme of specific activity 800 units/mg may be isolated from human seminal plasma with a yield of over 50%. The intrinsic fluorescence of the proenzyme shows maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 280 and 340 nm, respectively, typical of proteins containing tryptophan. Complete activation causes 30-35% decrease in intrinsic fluorescence, accompanied by a shift in gamma max to the blue of 4-6 nm. Time course studies indicate that acidification of proenzyme to pH 3.1 leads to a sudden large decrease in fluorescence that precedes both the appearance of active enzyme band on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels and the generation of enzyme activity as detected by the turbidimetric milk clotting assay. These results that acidification causes a rapid conformational change which promotes the release of the activation peptide from the proenzyme to yield the active enzyme. PMID- 7018586 TI - Properties of a purified proteinase from the yeast Candida albicans. AB - The proteinase from culture supernatants of Candida albicans strain CBS-2730 was purified virtually to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with tryptophan at the N- and leucine at the C-terminus. Its molecular weight is approx. 45,000 and the isoelectric point is at pH 4.4. With albumin as a substrate an apparent Km was determined to be 7 . 10(-5) M. The enzyme is inhibited by pepstatin at equimolar ratio and thus is a carboxyl proteinase (EC 3.4.23.6). Other group specific inhibitors, though, did not efficiently block the enzyme. Above pH 8.4 the enzyme undergoes alkaline denaturation which is accompanied by dimerization. The enzyme is a glycoprotein. It is stable in presence of non-ionic detergents and can be freeze-dried. The enzyme clots milk at pH 5.5 and has trypsinogen kinase activity. Among several purified proteins that have been tested as a substrate, only horse ferritin was resistant to proteolysis, while myeloma proteins of the A1- and A2-type were readily cleaved, as were two proteinase inhibitors of human serum. Antibodies against purified enzyme did not react with several commercial Candida antigen preparations; antibodies against the enzyme, though, have been detected repeatedly in sera from patients with manifest candidiasis. PMID- 7018585 TI - Simultaneous inactivation of the catalytic activities of yeast glutathione reductase by N-alkylmaleimides. AB - A series of straight chain N-alkymaleimides was shown to simultaneously inactivate the reductase, transhydrogenase and diaphorase activities of yeast glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H: oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2.) at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C. Apparent second-order rate constants for the inactivation of all enzyme activities exhibited parallel increases with increasing chainlength from C-2 through C-7 of the alkyl substituent of the enhanced binding of maleimides through nonpolar interactions with the enzyme. Reduction of the active site disulfide with NADPH was required prior to addition of maleimide for inactivation to occur. NADP, AcPyADP, SNADP, AADP, and oxidized glutathione all protected the enzyme from inactivation. 2'AMP, 3' AMP, 2'-phospho 5' AMP, 2'-phospho5'-ADP and 2'-phospho-ADP-ribose although all coenzyme competitive inhibitors failed to protect the enzyme from N-ethylmaleimide inactivation. N-Phenyl and N-alkylmaleimides covalently modified two, of six available sulfhydryl groups per subunit. No other amino acid residues were modified. The reactivity of these sulfhydryl groups was at least two orders of magnitude higher than any reported for the N-ethylmaleimide reaction with many other 'essential sulfhydryl' enzymes. No change in the charge transfer band of the reduced enzyme was observed upon complete inactivation by N-ethyl, N-heptyl or N-phenylmaleimide. The retention of the charge transfer band after selective modification of two sulfhydryl groups suggests the involvement of a third reactive sulfhydryl group in the functioning of the yeast enzyme. No inactivation was observed when coenzymatically reduced enzyme was incubated with the site specific sulfhydryl reagent, diazotized AADP. PMID- 7018587 TI - Incorporation of large quantities of phospholipid by net de novo synthesis in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - De novo phospholipid synthesis has been studied in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli in the presence of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, CTP, serine and acyl-CoA. Continuous addition of acyl-CoA was found to result in phospholipid biosynthesis during more than 4 h of incubation and phospholipid corresponding to 3--4-times the total amount of lipid originally present was synthesized under these conditions. The major biosynthetic products were phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid. The composition of the accumulated lipid could to some extent be varied by adding the acyl-CoA to the vesicles at different rates. The newly synthesized lipid was found to be present in a population of membrane vesicles (80% of the total) which had a decreased density in comparison to the starting material. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations before and after incubation indicated that the vesicular nature of the cytoplasmic membrane fragments was preserved throughout incubation. A minor population of vesicles, the density of which was unchanged during incubation, contained little de novo synthesized lipid. The activity of the sn-glycerol-3 phosphate acyltransferase decreased during incubations to 25% in vesicles which had accumulated phospholipid. Conversion of phosphatidic acid into phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin was uneffected by the lipid content of the vesicles. PMID- 7018588 TI - [Heparin complexes with DNA: formation, properties and methylation in vitro]. AB - Heparin complexes with DNA were obtained in vitro, the components being taken in weight ratios of 1 : 6 or 1 : 12, respectively. The complexes obtained exhibited the anticoagulating activity and antipolymerizing properties in the presence of a fibrin-monomer and an ability to dissolve nonstabilized fibrin. An intravenous injection of these complexes to rats increased the total and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma and its anticoagulating properties, while an intravenous injection of DNA caused only a short-term hypercoagulating effect. The DNA modified by heparin altered its acceptor abilities in an in vitro methylation reaction in the presence of DNA-methylases from animal and bacterial cells. Incorporation of methyl groups into DNA showed a decrease, apparently due to heparin blocking of some methylable sequences. An addition of heparin to a system containing purified DNA, DNA-methylase and S-adenosylmethionine was accompanied by a concentration-dependent inhibition of the methyl group incorporation into DNA. PMID- 7018589 TI - [Kinetics mechanism of L-aspartate synthesis from ammonium fumarate catalyzed by free and immobilized cells of E. coli]. AB - A detailed study of kinetic peculiarities of the L-aspartate-ammonium-lyase reaction catalyzed by free and immobilized E. coli 85 cells incorporated into polyacrylamide gel, has been carried out. The effects of different types of bacterial cell "activation", substrate concentration and temperature on the reaction rate have been investigated. It was shown that the rate of the reaction is limited by the rate of the substrate transfer through the cell and cytoplasmic membranes and at sufficiently high values of the substrate can be described in terms of zero-order kinetics with respect to substrate and reaction products concentrations A kinetic model based on the diffuse and transfer processes of translocation of the aspartate-ammonium-lyase reaction participants through the cell and cytoplasmic membranes is proposed. PMID- 7018590 TI - [Role of protein synthesis in the process of degradation of anomalous proteins in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - The degradation of three types of anomalous proteins, e. g. those containing the arginine analog kanavanine; polypeptides synthesized in the presence of puromycin (100 micrograms/ml) under slight inhibition of total translation, and polypeptides synthesized under amino acid deficiency, was studied. In order to measure the rate of proteolysis, the E. coli cells were labelled for 5 min with [14C]-phenylalanine and then transferred to a complete medium. The loss of TCA insoluble material was taken as a measure of proteolysis. While the normal total protein of E. coli cells was degraded at the rate of 2--8% per hour, the canavanine-containing proteins were degraded at the rate of 30--40% per hour. The polypeptides synthesized in the presence of puromycin were degraded at the rate of 10--15% per hour, while the polypeptides formed under amino acid starvation- at the rate of 7--8% per hour. The rate of proteolysis of canavanine-containing polypeptides was two times lower under inhibition of translation by chloramphenicol, tetracycline of kasugamicin, while the rate of degradation of two other types of anomalous polypeptides was significantly increased. Tetracycline at concentrations significantly exceeding those sufficient for maximal inhibition of translation, practically completely repressed the proteolysis of canavanine-containing proteins. No such tetracycline activity was observed in the presence of 20 mM Mg2+, which was assumed to be dependent on the complexon-forming ability of the antibiotic. PMID- 7018591 TI - [Carboxylic proteinases from the microscopic fungi Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma lignorum]. AB - Using ion-exchange chromatography on aminosilochrome and biospecific chromatography on Bacitracin-Sepharose, the carboxylic proteinases have been isolated for the first time from the microscopic fungi of the Trichoderma genus - Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma lignorum, commonly used to produce cellulases. The proteinases are stable within the pH range of 3 to 6; pI is 4,3 and 4,5, the pH optimum -- 2,3 and 2,8, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzymes is 32000, the amino acid composition of T. viride proteinase is Lys5His2Arg6Asx27Thr39Ser38Glx27Pro13..Gly41Ala28Cys2Val37Ile11Leu17Tyr13Phe11Trp , that of T. lignorum is Lys9His4Arg6Asx36Thr26Ser46Glx25Pro14Gly35Ala23Cys2Val28Ile26Leu19Tyr12..Phe14Trp . Both enzymes are completely inactivated by specific inhibitors of carboxylic proteinase, i. e. pepstatin, diazoacetyl-D,L-norvaline methylester and N diazoacetyl-N'-2,4-dinitrophenylethylenediamine. The molecular and enzymatic properties of the proteinases under study are close to those of carboxylic proteinases of microscopic fungi and in a lesser degree to those of porcine pepsin. PMID- 7018593 TI - [Properties of phosphorylase kinase activated by subtilisin]. AB - The activation of phosphorylase kinase during limited proteolysis by subtilisin was studied. It was shown that phosphorylase kinase undergoes rapid activation and its activity remains unchanged throughout a prolonged incubation. Electrophoresis in the presence of Na-SDS revealed a rapid decomposition of the alpha-subunit and a gradual disappearance of the beta-subunit; the protein molecule was shown to be composed of the degradation products of alpha- and beta subunits with different molecular weights and unchanged proteolysis of the gamma subunit. The phosphorylase kinase hydrolysate was separated using chromatography on a cellulose phosphate column. The active protein fraction contains a new form of phosphorylase kinase with a low molecular weight (approximately 80 000) which is insensitive to Ca2+. The subtilisin-activated phosphorylase kinase does not affect the activity of phosphodiesterase from cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 7018592 TI - [Influence of alcohol lipotropic agents on biosynthesis and repression of secreted alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli]. AB - Preincubation of cells in the presence of 4% ethanol accompanied by an increase of non-saturated cis-vaccenic acid content was shown to promote synthesis of alkaline phosphatase. Preincubation of cells in 0.1% hexanol reducing the level of this acid, on the contrary, leads to partial repression of the enzyme synthesis; the lag-phase of repression in the cells with a raised content of non saturated cis-vaccenic acid and, consequently, with a greater fluidity of lipids was also shown to be reduced. Conversely, the reduction of lipid membrane fluidity on ethanol addition simultaneously with the repressing metabolite ortho phosphate extends the lag-phase of repression and removes it partially during cell cultivation in the presence of ortho-phosphate. The impact of lipid composition variations on the synthesis and repression of alkaline phosphatase is discussed. PMID- 7018596 TI - [Kinetics of fumarate hydratase reaction catalyzed by free cells of Escherichia coli]. AB - The kinetics of the fumarate hydratase (fumarase) reaction catalyzed by the cells of E. coli strain 85 at high concentrations of the substrate (potassium fumarate) were studied. An automatic procedure for determination of the reaction product- malonic acid--including the use of commercial malate dehydrogenase from porcine heart was developed. The fumarate activity of bacterial cells was studied at different concentrations of the substrate and at different pH values with intact and disrupted cells of E. coli 85 used as the enzyme source. The rate of the fumarase reaction in the E. coli cells was shown to depend on the diffusion and transport processes of the reagent transfer across the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells. The pH optimum of the reaction in free E. coli cells (8-9) and the rate of malonic acid synthesis from potassium fumarate under optimal conditions, which varies within the concentration range of (6--13) x 10(-5) mkmole per mg of protein depending on the quality of cell, were determined. PMID- 7018594 TI - [Affinity modification of creatine kinase from rabbit skeletal muscles using gamma-(p-azidoanilide)-ATP]. AB - Ultraviolet irradiation of creatine kinase (adenosine 5'-triphosphate: creatine-N phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) in the presence of gamma-(p-azidoanilide)-[14C] ATP results in a complete enzyme inactivation and covalent binding of two moles of analog per mole of enzyme. MgADP strongly protects the enzyme against inactivation. However, in the presence of MgADP the covalent binding of 0.9 moles of analog per mole of enzyme occurs without the enzyme inactivation. The rate of enzyme inactivation and covalent modification decreases in the presence of MgATP and creatine. These results indicate that gamma-(p-azidoanilide)-ATP is an affinity label for the active site of creatine kinase. PMID- 7018595 TI - [ATP-insulin conjugates and their use for immunofactor analysis]. AB - A method resulting in ATP-insulin conjugates by covalent binding of ATP modified at C(6) amino group of the adenine residue with insulin was developed. The modified ATP was bound to insulin by means of metha-p-toluene sulfonate-N cyclohezyl Nf [2-morpholinyl(4)ethyl]-carbodiimide. The ATP analogs and ATP insulin conjugates possess the coenzyme activity in a reaction of luciferin oxidation by luciferase from the fireflies Luciola mingrelica. the catalytic properties of soluble and immobilize on CNBR-activated. Sepharose enzymes in reactions with native ATR, its modified derivatives and ATP--insulin conjugates were compared. The bioluminescence reaction involving ATP--insulin conjugate is inhibited by antibodies against insulin. This effect can form a basis for insulin detection in solution, which is based on competitive binding of free and antibody labelled ATP--insulin conjugates. PMID- 7018597 TI - [Modification of two tyrosine residues in aspergillopepsin A by p nitrophenyldiazonium chloride]. AB - p-Nitrophenyldiazonium chloride was found to modify the Tyr-75 and Tyr-189 residues in aspergillopepsin A. Incubation of the protein with a 45-fold molar excess of the reagent at pH 5,2 results in the attachment of 1,8 inhibitor residues, which leads to a 75% decrease of the enzyme activity towards haemoglobin. The pepsin inhibitor--pepstatin--protects one of the tyrosyl residues against modification. The chromatography on Sepharose-4B-Bacitracin showed that aspergillopepsin modified at pH 5.2, consists of molecules, which contain one and two incorporated inhibitor residues. The enzyme containing one inhibitor residue possesses 35% of activity of native protein. Apergillopepsin containing two inhibitor residues is practically inactive. It is concluded that at least one of the modified tyrosyl residues is closely related to the enzyme activity. PMID- 7018599 TI - [Effect of millimeter-range electromagnetic waves on inducible penicillinase synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 7018598 TI - [Free radical migration in membrane lipid oxidation reactions and in the processes of ion and electron transmembrane transfer]. PMID- 7018600 TI - Effects of structured relaxation on retrieval from long term storage: an EMG study. AB - The effects of 20 min structured relaxation immediately prior to retrieval were observed for word lists learned 48 hours previously. Error probabilities and response latencies were scored at acquisition and retrieval for paired associates at two levels of response dominance. Frontalis isometric muscles tension was measured just prior to and during retrieval. Relaxation markedly reduced EMG activity associated with muscle tension. This effect did not extend to the retrieval period. Error probabilities were significantly lower for retrieval preceded by relaxation but the interaction between relaxation and response dominance proved non-significant. These findings suggest that states of low arousal do not bias memory search to readily accessible information as appears to be the case for high arousal. PMID- 7018601 TI - Effects of estradiol and progesterone on plasma gonadotropins, prolactin, and LHRH in specific brain areas of ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7018604 TI - William Gemmell Cochran 1909-1980. A personal tribute. PMID- 7018602 TI - Corrosion of Co-Cr alloys in aqueous environments. AB - The literature relating to the corrosion in aqueous media of the Co-Cr alloys is reviewed. Data are surveyed for their corrosion in sulphuric acid, alkalis and in hydrochloric acid and chloride media. In the latter category, the information is sub-divided into single corrosion, crevice and stress corrosion, fretting corrosion and data obtained from 'in vivo' experiments. It is clear that the very low current densities which result from 'in vitro' experiments present abnormal experimental problems and may not, in every case, actually represent the dissolution process. PMID- 7018605 TI - A Bayesian approach to bioequivalence for the 2 x 2 changeover design. AB - Bioequivalence trials are carried out to compare two or more formulations of a drug containing the same active ingredient, in order to determine whether the different formulation give rise to comparable blood levels. We consider the 2 x 2 changeover experiment the compares two formulations, one of which is considered the standard. For a single univariate characteristic of the plasma concentration- time curve, a criterion for bioequivalence is proposed based on the posterior probability that the difference in formulation means is less than a specific percentage of the mean of the standard. The sensitivity of this posterior probability to alternative priors is investigated. Differences in carry-over effects can be incorporated within the Bayesian framework without restoring to the "all-or-nothing" approach implied by a preliminary test. The use of sequential experimentation is discussed. PMID- 7018603 TI - Adsorption of N-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl)-N-phenylglycine (NPG-GMA) on cupric ion-enriched hydroxyapatite surface to improve chemical bonding between dental resins and teeth. AB - In continued studies of chemical bonding between a polymer and teeth through the mediation of coupling agents, the absorption of N-(2-hydroxy-3 methacryloxypropyl)-N-phenylglycine (NPG-GMA) from ethanol solution was studied on cupric ion-treated synthetic hydroxyapatite in order to discriminate the adsorptive behaviour of the 'mordanted' as against the unmordanted (or pure) apatite. All features of the adsorption isotherm, however, agree with those of the isotherm obtained on pure hydroxyapatite. Also, polymer filled with cupric ion-treated hydroxyapatite coated with the irreversibly adsorbed NPG-GMA has a tensile strength comparable to that of the polymer filled with NPG-GMA coated pure hydroxyapatite. PMID- 7018606 TI - Kinetic studies of the rates and mechanism of assembly of the protein synthesis initiation complex. AB - Rate constants for a number of the assembly reactions involved in forming Escherichia coli ribosome initiation complexes have been measured. These reactions were monitored in a stopped-flow device in which Rayleigh scattering and fluorescence anisotropy were followed as a function of time. Fluorescence was induced by laser excitation modulated at 50 kHz. Aminoacyl-tRNA, initiation factor 3 (IF3), and 70S ribosomes were labeled with fluorescent probes. The light scattering and fluorescence data show that the antiassociation model for IF3 function cannot be correct. IF3 can be considered to act as an effector in an allosteric model for ribosome function. Fluorescence anisotropy stopped-flow experiments provided rate constants for the binding of IF3 to both 30S subunits and to the intact 70S ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA's and nucleotide triplets appear to bind rapidly to 70S ribosomes and then a slow first-order conformational change occurs. PMID- 7018607 TI - Regulation of coat protein polymerization by the scaffolding protein of bacteriophage P22. AB - In the morphogenesis of double stranded DNA phages, a precursor protein shell empty of DNA is first assembled and then filled with DNA. The assembly of the correctly dimensioned precursor shell (procapsid) of Salmonella bacteriophage P22 requires the interaction of some 420 coat protein subunits with approximately 200 scaffolding protein subunits to form a double shelled particle with the scaffolding protein on the inside. In the course of DNA packaging, all of the scaffolding protein subunits exit from the procapsid and participate in further rounds of procapsid assembly (King and Casjens. 1974. Nature (Lond.). 251:112 119). To study the mechanism of shell assembly we have purified the coat and scaffolding protein subunits by selective dissociation of isolated procapsids. Both proteins can be obtained as soluble subunits in Tris buffer at near neutral pH. The coat protein sedimented in sucrose gradients as a roughly spherical monomer, while the scaffolding protein sedimented as if it were an elongated monomer. When the two proteins were mixed together in 1.5 M guanidine hydrochloride and dialyzed back to buffer at room temperature, procapsids formed which were very similar in morphology, sedimentation behavior, and protein composition to procapsids formed in vivo. Incubation of either protein alone under the same conditions did not yield any large structures. We interpret these results to mean that the assembly of the shell involves a switching of both proteins from their nonaggregating to their aggregating forms through their mutual interaction. The results are discussed in terms of the general problem of self-regulated assembly and the control of protein polymerization in morphogenesis. PMID- 7018609 TI - Analysis of the composition of mixed lipid phases by the moments of 2H NMR spectra. AB - The use of (2)H NMR spectral moments to determine the composition of biphasic lipid mixtures is outlined. The analysis has been applied to phosphatidylethanolamine-cholesterol (1:1), potassium palmitate, 30% (wt/wt) water and phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (4:1) systems, as well as to membrances of Escherichia coli during phase transitions. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of spectral moments to determine fractions of coexistent phases are discussed. PMID- 7018608 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance of the filamentous bacteriophage fd. AB - The filamentous bacteriophage fd and its major coat protein are being studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 31P NMR shows that the chemical shielding tensor of the DNA phosphates of fd in solution is only slightly reduced in magnitude by motional averaging, indicating that DNA-protein interactions substantially immobilize the DNA packaged in the virus. There is no evidence of chemical interactions between the DNA backbone and the coat protein, since experiments on solid virus show the 31P resonances to have the same principle elements of its chemical shielding tensor as DNA. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of fd virus in solution indicate that the coat proteins are held rigidly in the structure except for some aliphatic side chains that undergo relatively rapid rotations. The presence of limited mobility in the viral coat proteins is substantiated by finding large quadrupole splittings in 2H NMR of deuterium labeled virions. The structure of the coat protein in a lipid environment differs significantly from that found for the assembled virus. Data from 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, amide proton exchange rates, and 13C relaxation measurements show that the coat protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles has a native folded structure that varies from that of a typical globular protein or the coat protein in the virus by having a partially flexible backbone and some rapidly rotating aromatic rings. PMID- 7018610 TI - Karyotypic fission theory and the evolution of old world monkeys and apes. AB - The karyotypes of living catarrhines are correlated with the current concepts of their fossil record and systematic classification. A phylogeny, beginning at the base of the Oligocene, for those animals and their chromosome numbers is presented. Todd's (1970) theory of karyotypic fissioning is applied to this case three fissioning events are hypothesized. A late Eocene event (the primary catarrhine fissioning) is hypothesized to underlie the diversification of the infraorder Catarrhini into its extant families, the second fissioning underlies the radiation of the pongidae/Hominidae in the Miocene and the third accounts for the high chromosome numbers (54 - 72) and the Neogene(Miocene-Pliocene Pleistocene) radiation of members of the genus Cercopithecus. Published catarrhine chromosome data, including that for "marked" chromosomes (those with a large achromatic region that is the site for ribosomal RNA genes) are tabulated and analysed. The ancestral X chromosome is always retained in the unfissioned metacentric state. The Pongidae/Hominidae have 15 pairs of mediocentric chromosomes that survived the second fissioning whereas the other chromosomes (besides the X) are thought to be fission-derived acrocentrics. Both the detailed karyology and the trend from low to high numbers is best interpreted to support Todd's concept of adaptive radiations correlated with karyotypic fissioning in ancestral populations. PMID- 7018611 TI - [Catecholamines and plasma renin activity of the Koletskii strain of rats under emotional stress]. AB - Koletsky rats differ from Wistar rats by a significantly higher initial arterial blood pressure (AP) and by the increased plasma renin activity. The plasma noradrenaline level in control obese Koletsky rats is also significantly higher than that in Wister rats. There are also considerable differences in the time course of changes in the tests characteristics of rats of both lines during immobilization. AP in Koletsky rats decreases within 120 min of immobilization while in Wistar rats it remains virtually unchanged. Within the first minutes of immobilization plasma renin activity rises, and attains a significantly higher level in Koletsky rats than in Wistar rats. In the later periods of immobilization the strains showed differences in the blood catecholamine content, particularly in that of noradrenaline, a higher content being found in Koletsky rats. PMID- 7018612 TI - [Correction of respiratory disorders by electric stimulation of various structures of the respiratory center]. AB - Impulse activity of respiratory neurones and respiration during electric stimulation of the inspiratory and expiratory sites of the respiratory center was studied in cats anesthetized with nembutal. The study was made with an object of imposing a new rhythm on these sites and of recovering respiratory function. It has been established that stimulation of the inspiratory and expiratory sites of the giganto-cellular nucleus and of some structures of the solitary tract nucleus enables one to impose the new rhythm on the respiratory neurones of the ventral and respiratory nuclei and on respiration as well as to renew the respiration arrested. PMID- 7018613 TI - [Experimental aspects of the therapeutic action of urokinase in thromboembolic states]. PMID- 7018614 TI - [Stressfulness of gastric juice]. AB - A comparative analysis was made of the aggressive properties of gastric juice secreted by normal people and those suffering from peptic ulcer in response to histamine and pentagastrin. Ulcerogenic activity of gastric juice obtained in response to histamine was shown to increase in peptic ulcer. The "pentagastrin" juice did not exhibit such an effect. Experimental study of the occurrence of gastric juice proteases in dogs revealed an increased occurrence in most proteases and their elevated number of the "histamine" juice in ulcer development and a decreased occurrence of proteases in the "pentagastrin" juice. Low aggressiveness of gastric juice from peptic ulcer patients during pentagastrin induced stimulation of secretion appears to be related to the listed changes in the spectrum and occurrence of proteases. PMID- 7018615 TI - [Comparative study of acid SH-dependent proteinases from the swine renal cortex]. AB - The presence of porcine kidney cortex of the SH-dependent enzymes, lysosomal carboxypeptidase B and cathepsins B, H and L, was demonstrated. A method for isolation of these enzymes was described which involves gel filtration through Sephadex G-100, covalent chromatography on mercury-organic Sepharose 4B and rechromatography on Sephadex G-100. Specific activity of lysosomal carboxypeptidase B was increased 9000-fold by BAA splitting and that of cathepsin B 240-fold by BAPA splitting. The molecular weights of lysosomal carboxypeptidase B and cathepsin B were found to be 50,000 and 26,000, respectively. Both enzymes were identical with appropriate enzymes obtained from other sources and differed in their properties from high-molecular-weight SH-proteinase or porcine kidney cortex. PMID- 7018617 TI - [Participation of spleen cells in regulating the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in mice]. AB - The effect of the spleen on migration inhibition factor (MIF) production in adult thymectomized and intact C57BL mice and in hybrids F1 (C57BL X CBA) was studied. Splenectomy itself was shown not to influence MIF production. However, the removal of the spleen both before and after thymectomy favoured the maintenance of MIF production impaired after thymectomy. Addition of spleen cells from thymectomized mice to immune syngeneic cells of peritoneal exudate from intact mice in different concentrations abolishes MIF production. The effect of suppression of MIF production is related to adherent spleen cells from adult thymectomized mice. It is assumed that these cells might be T1-lymphocytes. PMID- 7018618 TI - [Modification of the "hanging drop" method and its application to cultivation of reaggregates of dissociated cells and explants of embryonic lungs]. AB - A modified method of a "suspension drop" has been suggested for cell culture. The method makes it possible to increase the amount of the nutrient medium at the expense of capillary forces. A comparative study has been made of the reaggregation of dissociated cells from chicken and mouse embryonal lungs as well as of the explants. Advantages of teh modification offered have been demonstrated. PMID- 7018616 TI - [Inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the kidneys by a cytoplasmic regulator of mitochondrial membrane permeability]. AB - Cytoplasmatic glycoprotein previously shown to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial membrane permeability for oxidation substrates inhibits in-vitro gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, lactate, succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamate in slices of the renal cortical layer. The inhibition was reduced with Ca2+ concentration increase in the incubation medium from 0.02 to 2 mM. PMID- 7018619 TI - Evolution of mammalian hemoglobin function. AB - Throughout their evolution, mammalian hemoglobins have acquired a broad repertoire of functional properties well suited to the internal milieu of the red cell. Mammals display a wide range in whole blood oxygen affinity dependent on three major factors: the intrinsic oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin, the level of red cell 2,3-DPG, and the response of the hemoglobin to 2,3-DPG. The concentration of 2,3-DPG varies among groups of mammals. Those animals (cats and ruminants) that have very low levels of this intracellular mediator have hemoglobins of intrinsically low oxygen affinity that fail to respond to the addition of 2,3-DPG. Mammals that have adapted to various types of hypoxia tend to have increased oxygen affinity, primarily mediated through reduced levels of red cell 2,3-DPG. In contrast, mammals who are experimentally subjected to low oxygen tensions develop decreased oxygen affinity owing to increased red cell 2,3 DPG. Mammals employ one of three different mechanisms for the maintenance of higher oxygen affinity of fetal red cells, compared to maternal red cells. Many of these phenomena can be satisfactorily explained at the molecular level but their adaptational significance is less clear. PMID- 7018620 TI - The interaction of platelets with aortic subendothelium: inhibition of adhesion and secretion by prostaglandin I2. AB - We have studied the effect of prostaglandin I2 on platelet turnover, attachment to the subendothelium, and secretion following balloon deendothelialization of the rabbit aorta. Survival of 51Cr-labeled platelets in the balloon-injured animals remained normal. Thirty minutes after injury, there were 4.52 X 10(6) platelets/sq cm attached to the aortic surface, which was 87% covered by platelets. Although plasma platelet factor 4, as measured by radioimmunoassay, did not rise above the normal level of 6.8 +/- 2.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) during the first hour after balloon injury, platelet factor 4 antigen was detected within the vessel wall by direct immunofluorescence within 30 min of injury. An infusion of 650-850 ng/kg/min prostaglandin I2 completely inhibited platelet aggregation and reduced surface coverage by 84% and platelet attachment by 63%. Animals given 50-100 ng/kg/min prostaglandin I2, which only partially inhibited platelet aggregation, had 70% of the aortic surface covered by platelets. Platelet factor 4 antigen was also detected within the aortic wall. Platelet attachment was normal in animals that had been given 850 ng/kg/min prostaglandin I2 prior to balloon injury but sacrificed after the infusion was stopped and ex vivo platelet aggregation had returned to normal. PMID- 7018621 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-containing cells in peripheral blood: implications for the surveillance of patients with lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma in remission. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to quantitate TdT-containing (TdT+) cells in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction of peripheral blood from normal subjects and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). In normal children (10) and adults (10), 0.036% +/- 0.014% (mean +/- SD) and 0.030% +/- 0.015% TdT+ cells were found. In peripheral bloods from 10 children receiving chemotherapy for tumors other than ALL or LL, 0.040% +/- 0.039% TdT+ cells were found. Serial determinations were performed on 15 patients with ALL or LL who were in clinical remission. Eight of these patients remained in continuous remission and always had fewer than 0.11% TdT+ cells in their peripheral blood. Three patients who developed systemic relapse were found to have progressively rising numbers of TdT+ cells in their peripheral blood prior to clinical evidence of relapse. All 3 of these patients had greater than 0.1% TdT+ cells in their peripheral blood from 3 to 8 wk prior to clinical relapse. In 3 other patients, localized extramedullary relapse developed, but no trend was found on serial TdT determinations. Thus, the indirect immunofluorescence assay for TdT detects a small population of cells in normal peripheral blood. In patients with ALL, progressive increases above this normal level were associated with subsequent bone marrow relapse. PMID- 7018622 TI - Isolation of transplantable erythroleukemia cells from mice infected with helper independent Friend murine leukemia virus. AB - The Friend virus complex contains a helper-independent retrovirus, F-MuLV, and a replication-defective retrovirus, SFFV. Murine erythroleukemia cell lines (MEL) have been isolated previously from the leukemic tissues of mice infected with such stocks of Friend virus complex. Since our laboratory has shown that either F MuLV or SFFV can induce a lethal erythroproliferative disease, it has been unclear which of the properties of conventional MEL cells were causally related to the infection of these cells by F-MuLV and which properties were related to the infection of these cells by SFFV. In this article, we have focused on the helper-independent component of the Friend virus complex, F-MuLV clone 57, which has recently been purified by molecular cloning. We report a method for the reproducible isolation of a new type of murine erythroleukemia cell that can be isolate from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57. We have designated these cells as 57 TP-1, indicating their origin from mice infected with F-MuLV clone 57 and their characteristics as transplantable erythroleukemia cells. Upon subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous inoculation of these cells, 57 TP-1 cells grow in the hematopoietic organs of the recipient mice. No subcutaneous or intraperitoneal nodules occur. Both F-MuLV and a Friend MCF virus can be detected in these cells, but no evidence to SFFV can be found. PMID- 7018623 TI - Isolation of murine fetal hemopoietic progenitor cells and selective fractionation of various erythroid precursors. AB - Hemopoietic progenitor cells (colony- and cluster-forming cells in semisolid agar) were purified from light density CBA murine fetal liver cells using fluorescein-conjugated pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and a rhodamine-conjugated antineutrophil serum sandwich (alpha N) and three-parameter fluorescence activated cell sorting. All clonable progenitor cells were highly enriched (36-50 fold) in PWM-positive (greater than channel 15), alpha N-negative (less than channel 30) fractions with relatively high intensity (greater than 100) low angle light scatter. No separation was achieved between different types of progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colony-forming cells). The enriched fraction was a pure population of large, basophilic, undifferentiated blast cells, and in agar cultures stimulated with colony-stimulating factors, up to 90% of the enriched cells were hemopoietic progenitor cells capable of varying levels of clonal proliferation. Further fractionation based on increasing fluorescence with PWM separated into discrete populations, nonproliferative morphologically recognizable erythroid cells, late erythroid progenitor cells (day 2 CFU-E), and cells forming pure or mixed erythroid burst colonies. In addition, the majority of pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-SS) were clearly separated from progenitor cells forming colonies in vitro. The present techniques provide suitable numbers of enriched progenitor cells for a variety of biological and biochemical studies. PMID- 7018624 TI - Transplantation of fetal liver of different ages in the rat. AB - This study investigates the effect of fetal liver transplantation in reconstituting hemopoiesis in supralethally irradiated rats. Different cell doses of fetuses at the embryonic age of 15 and 18 days were compared to equivalent cell doses of adult bone marrow cells. Although the frequency of engraftment ranged between 75 and 100% in all the groups of animals studied, the survival rate at 30 days after TBI did not show any significant difference between the fetal liver and the bone marrow treated recipients. The bone marrow transplants performed in littermate rats almost doubled the percentage of survivors at 30 days and showed a cell dose relationship suggesting that, in the closed colony of random-bred rats used, the mortality after bone marrow and fetal liver transplants was mainly due to graft-versus-host-disease. Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment during the experiment did not modify the results in a separate group of fetal liver and bone marrow transplanted rats. In the rat model system used in this set of experiments fetal liver did not reveal any advantage over bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7018626 TI - Bovine abortion due to Nocardia asteroides - a first case report in Tabora. PMID- 7018625 TI - Flow-cytometric measurements of the transmembrane potential, the surface charge density and the phagocytic activity of Guinea pig macrophages after incubation with lymphokines. AB - The effects of lymphokines on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were measured via flow cytometry utilizing the three-parameter FLUVO-METRICELL flow cytometer. On the basis of cell volume three distinct macrophage populations could be distinguished. Three to 5 min after starting the incubation with lymphokines a hyperpolarization of all three macrophage populations took place which was followed by depolarization. After 60 min the transmembrane potential reached again its control values. The negative charge density of the cell membrane decreased shortly after beginning of the incubation to 70-80% of the initial value and then remained unchanged for the following 120 min. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages was diminished during the depolarisation phase but increased over control values after restoration of the transmembrane potential. PMID- 7018628 TI - Evaluation and expression of bronchial provocation tests. PMID- 7018629 TI - Structural and functional properties of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases. PMID- 7018627 TI - Toxic effects in fish and the mutagenic capacity of water from the Save River in Yugoslavia. PMID- 7018630 TI - Dissemination of the published results of an important clinical trial: an analysis of the citing literature. AB - The definitive clinical trial which demonstrated the beneficial effects of photocoagulation in treating diabetic retinopathy was reported in 1976 in the American Journal of Ophthalmology by the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) Research Group. Despite the importance of this report, eighteen months after it appeared in print the photocoagulation technique was still not widely known to a population of physicians whose practice included an appreciable number of diabetic patients. As part of a study in biomedical communication, the extent to which the results of this trial were disseminated through the published literature was investigated by citation analysis. Seventy citations to the DRS report, from 1976 to 1979, were found in Science Citation Index. Twenty-seven citations were in works outside the discipline of ophthalmology and nine of these came from articles in American journals which actually referred to the results of the trial. Not a single citation which appeared before 1978 came from a general American medical journal, unrestricted in geographic or subject scope. The results of this study suggest that a large number of citations in the literature to a clinically significant paper does not of itself ensure that the information reported will readily reach the appropriate practicing physician. More effective methods are needed for the rapid dissemination of important new findings to the medical community. PMID- 7018631 TI - Charles W. Sargent. President, Medical Library Association 1981/82. PMID- 7018632 TI - Madeline Earle Stanton 1898-1980. PMID- 7018633 TI - Lavoisier and his contemporaries debate the supply of water for Paris. PMID- 7018635 TI - [Pars plana incision: anatomical basis. Clinical considerations]. PMID- 7018634 TI - [Recent aspects of mutagenicity tests on chemicals in our environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018636 TI - [Physiopathology of diabetes and its complications]. PMID- 7018638 TI - The effect of local hypothermia on blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate. AB - A prospective trial to investigate the effect of using cold irrigating solution during transurethral resection of the prostate was carried out. A control group of 44 patients was resected using irrigant at room temperature, and a trial group of 49 cases was resected using irrigant cooled to 2 degrees C. Blood loss during surgery was measured to see whether the cold irrigating solution had any effect on this loss. There was a small reduction in blood loss in the cold group, but this reduction was not statistically significant (0.5 greater than P greater than 0.3). PMID- 7018637 TI - Divalent cations increase [3H]-prostacyclin binding to membranes of neuronal somatic hybrid cells. AB - 1 [3H]-prostacyclin binding to membranes of a highly differentiated neuronal somatic hybrid is increased equally in the presence of Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+ or Sr2+ ions. 2 Analysis of the binding of [3H]-prostacyclin in the presence of low (1 mM) or high (50 mM) Mg2+ ion concentrations has revealed a cation-dependent increase in ligand receptor affinity (Kd values = 57.4 nM and 21.9 nM). 3 The increase in [3H]-prostacyclin binding due to divalent cations is not accompanied by an alteration in the maximum binding capacity of the membranes. PMID- 7018639 TI - Outpatient flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy, diagnostic yield and the value of glucagon. AB - One hundred patients had flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy in an outpatient clinic after preparation with a phosphate enema but without sedation. Patients were randomized to receive 1 mg of glucagon intravenously or a matching placebo. The discomfort of the patients and the ease of the procedure were similar in both groups. Nine patients were excluded from the final analysis as they had low rectal or anal lesions. In the remaining 91 patients, abnormalities were found in 27 (29.6 per cent) including 16 adenomatous polyps and 1 carcinoma. Only 3 lesions were below 20 cm and might have been easily visualized using a rigid sigmoidoscope. PMID- 7018640 TI - Management of Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 7018641 TI - Whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: the first report of its use in surgical practice. AB - This is the first report of whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging being of value in clinical surgery. Following aortobifemoral grafting, a 54-year old man developed a pyrexia and hypotension which did not respond to antibiotic therapy and which was thought to be caused by early graft infection. Whole-body NMR imaging showed the graft and iliac arteries to be normal and an empyema of the gallbladder to be present, NMR imaging is a safe, non-invasive technique for imaging the body in transverse sections and specifically measures the water concentration of tissues, enabling normal and inflamed tissues to be differentiated. PMID- 7018643 TI - How to save your denture practice. PMID- 7018642 TI - Insulin-induced elevation of hypothalamic norepinephrine turnover persists after glucorestoration unless feeding occurs. AB - We employed a delayed feeding paradigm to assess regional brain catecholamine changes associated with insulin-elicited glucoprivic feeding. This paradigm makes use of the recent discovery that glucoprivic challenges significantly enhance food intake even when food is withheld until other signs of glucoprivation have abated. Using this paradigm we attempted to temporally dissociate the neurochemical events associated with the ingestive response from other potentially confounding consequences of insulin or glucoprivation. We found a high degree of congruence between elevated hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) turnover (estimated by the change in transmitter concentration after synthesis inhibition) and the persistence of hunger, both during and after apparent glucoprivation. In the absence of food, hypothalamic NE turnover was enhanced during insulin-induced glucoprivation and this increase persisted into the postglucoprivic period. A brief feeding bout, either during glucoprivation or postglucoprivically, rapidly normalized NE turnover rates. Moreover, brief access (30 min) to a limited quantity of food (2.5 g) during glucoprivation abolished both the elevated turnover and the feeding response otherwise observed postglucoprivically. Turnover of catecholamines in the telencephalon was also enhanced after insulin, but the increased activity did not persist into the postglucoprivic period and, in addition, was not altered in any consistent manner by food intake. These findings strengthen the view that hypothalamic NE neurons are involved in the mediation of glucoprivic feeding. PMID- 7018645 TI - Periodontosis (Part 1: Review of literature; discussion). PMID- 7018646 TI - Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa. Report of seven cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7018644 TI - Pre-anaesthetic medication in paediatric day-care surgery. AB - Pre-anaesthetic medication has the primary aim of making the whole process of anaesthesia smooth and agreeable. This prospective blind study was planned to compare the efficacy of three active drugs and a placebo as premedication in a paediatric population undergoing operation on a day care basis. One hundred and fifty-nine patients between one and 12 years of age were assigned randomly to one of four groups who received either hydroxyzine 0.5 mg . kg-1 (n - 43) promethazine 0.5 mg . kg-1 (n 40) diazepam 0.1 mg . kg (n - 378) or placebo (n - 36) by mouth, 60 minutes before operation. Observations in the operating room included the emotional state of the patient on arrival, quality of induction and complications. In the recovery room time for emergence from anaesthesia, complications and requirements for analgesia were recorded. The parents were asked for return a questionnaire detailing psychological and physical complications during three postoperative days. There was no difference between the groups in any of the factors examined. From this study we conclude that children undergoing surgical operations and anaesthesia on a day care basis should not receive pharmacological premedication, not because of overwhelming risk from its use, but because of the absence of any benefit. PMID- 7018647 TI - Odontogenic keratocyst dentigerous cyst type? PMID- 7018648 TI - Differential diagnosis of intraoral ulcerative lesions. PMID- 7018649 TI - Three-rooted deciduous mandibular second molars. PMID- 7018650 TI - [Longitudinal study of caries, malocclusion and peridental disorders in 2037 Montreal children. II. Prevalence of problems of occlusion]. PMID- 7018651 TI - The chemical modification of Escherichia coli ribosomes with methyl p nitrobenzenesulfonate. Evidence for the involvement of a histidine residue in the functioning of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase. PMID- 7018652 TI - The uptake and acylation of exogenous lysophosphatidylethanolamine by Escherichia coli cells. AB - Escherichia coli envelopes were fractionated to yield inner and outer membrane fractions. Both these fractions were found to convert [14C]lysophosphatidylethanolamine to its diacyl analogue. Intact Escherichia coli cells were capable of absorbing exogenous labelled lysophosphatidylethanolamine and converting it to phosphatidylethanolamine. When the 14C- and 32P-labelled lyso analogue was used, both the absorption process and the conversion to diacyl analogue proceeded without a significant change in isotope ratio either in the presence or in the absence of added inorganic phosphate. The absorption process was not markedly stimulated by Ca2+ in the medium; it proceeded to an amount representing 25--30% of the endogenous membrane lipid and was accompanied by some degradation to water-soluble products which accumulated in the cell mainly, but also in the incubation medium. The absorbed lipid was recovered in both the inner and outer membrane fractions of the cell envelope. The results indicate that Escherichia coli inner and outer membranes are capable of absorbing exogenous lysophosphoglyceride and converting it into structurally useful diacyl analogue. PMID- 7018653 TI - Purification and some characteristics of a Ca2+-activated proteolytic enzyme from beef cardiac muscle. AB - A calcium-dependent neutral proteinase was purified from beef cardiac muscle. The crude extract prepared from cardiac muscle was subjected to acid precipitation and salt fractionation and then further purified by column chromatography on Sepharose 6B, DE-52, and Sephadex G-200 columns in succession. The final preparation showed an 11 300 fold increase in specific activity of the Ca2+ activated enzyme. Average enzyme protein yield was 2.4 microgram/g fresh tissue. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.6 in the presence of 4 mM calcium. Proportionality of enzyme activity in partially purified preparations was retained when activity was measured at 25 degrees C using casein as the substrate. The rate of proteolysis by the purified enzyme was linear for 60 min under similar assay conditions. Fractionation of muscle homogenates showed that 70 to 73% of the total enzyme activity was present in the 24 000 X g and 30 000 X g supernatants. The enzyme was labile in aqueous solutions and storage at 4 degrees C and --20 degrees C resulted in considerable loss of activity, unless glycerol (50% v/v) was added to the solution. PMID- 7018654 TI - The in vivo effects of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose metabolism on respiration in Locusta migratoria. AB - The basis of the toxicity of 3-deoxy-fluoro-D-glucose (3FG) in adult Locusta migratoria is examined in vivo by a radiorespirometric analysis of 14CO2 from the locust after injections of 3FG prior to injections of D-[1-14C]glucose, D-[6 14C]glucose, or [1-14C]acetate. The results indicate that 3FG metabolism irreversibly inhibits glycolysis and not the hexose monophosphate pathway or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is also established that during metabolism of 3FG fluoride ion is released. Evidence for the metabolism of 3FG in the whole insect as far as triosephosphate isomerase is based on 3H2O release after injections of D-[3-3H]3FG. Further support for the metabolism of 3FG to fluorinated sugar phosphates is provided by chromatographic and 19F MNR analysis of 3FG poisoned locust tissue extracts. Based on these results a biochemical mode of toxicity of 3FG in locusts is discussed. PMID- 7018655 TI - Autochthonous and pathogenic colonization of animal tissues by bacteria. PMID- 7018656 TI - Purification and some properties of halophilic protease produced by a moderately halophilic marine Pseudomonas sp. AB - Halophilic protease in culture fluids of a moderately halophilic marine Pseudomonas sp. (A-14) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 120 000. The optimum pH for activity was 8.0. The enzyme had maximal activity at 18% NaCl concentration. The enzyme was activated by Mg2+, Co2+, and Ca2+. Ca2+ increased the heat stability, and heavy metal ions such as Fe2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ inactivated the enzyme. Thiol reagents and diisopropyl fluorophosphate did not affect the enzymatic activity of the protease. Metal-complexing reagents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and o-phenanthroline, inhibited enzymatic activity, although citrate and oxalate did not affect it. PMID- 7018657 TI - Children's diets and atherosclerosis. Nutrition Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society. PMID- 7018659 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica with temporal arteritis, as painted by Jan van Eyck in 1436. PMID- 7018658 TI - Essential tremor. AB - Essential tremor, including the juvenile and senile variations, may be a result of a disorder of the servomechanism that controls physiologic tremor. Hands and arms are affected most commonly, and the tremor can vary in amplitude as well as frequency. Long-term treatment with propranolol has been helpful for some patients, although older patients are less likely to benefit. Other drugs and behaviour modification therapy have been less successful. Surgical treatment is effective but should probably be reserved for severe cases. An effective instrument for measuring the subjective and objective aspects of the tremor is still needed, as is an effective long-term method of treatment. PMID- 7018660 TI - A review of the lesions in shipping fever of cattle. AB - A review of literature concerning the information published on the macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions in "shipping fever" of cattle is presented as reported in naturally occurring cases as well as the experimental disease. PMID- 7018661 TI - Polyserositis and meningitis associated with Escherichia coli infection in piglets. AB - Two piglets which had a history of anorexia and weakness were examined pre and postmortem. Other piglets in the same herd had died within 24 hours of the onset of similar signs. The two piglets examined had a fibrinous polyserositis. Grossly, the pleura, peritoneum and joints were affected and an acute meningitis was noted on microscopic examination of the brains. Pure cultures of Escherichia coli were recovered from all but one of the organs and exudates cultured. PMID- 7018662 TI - Hypoxia-mediated drugs for radiation and chemotherapy. PMID- 7018663 TI - Variation of the frameshift activity of a mutagen (ICR-191) following nitrosation in human gastric juice. AB - The acridine half-mustard mutagen ICR-191 elicits peculiar frameshift mutations in S. typhimurium, which are greatly decreased in the presence of rat liver preparations. Following in vitro preincubation of ICR-191 with sodium nitrite and human gastric juice, these patterns of mutation are replaced by frameshift errors requiring metabolic activation and showing a different molecular specificity. PMID- 7018664 TI - Metabolic formation of pyrenequinones as enhancing agents of mutagenicity in Salmonella. AB - Pyrene and 1-methylpyrene in the pyrolysis product of cellulose, which enhances mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene, must be metabolized to expose enhancing activity. 1,6-Pyrenequinone and 1,8-pyrenequinone, having high enhancement activity, were first isolated and identified in the metabolites of pyrene by rat liver microsomal fraction. PMID- 7018665 TI - Mutagenicity of the bay-region diol-epoxides and other benzo-ring derivatives of dibenzo(a,h)pyrene and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene. AB - The mutagenic activities of dibenzo(a,h)(pyrene, dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, and a total of 11 of their benzo-ring derivatives were evaluated in bacterial and mammalian cells in the absence or presence of a mammalian metabolic activation system. trans-1,2-Dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzo(a,h)pyrene and trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4 dihydrodibenzo(a,i)pyrene, the expected dihydrodiol precursors of bay-region diol epoxides, were metabolized to products which were more mutagenic to strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium than were the metabolic products formed from their respective parent hydrocarbons. For each dihydrodiol, replacement of the benzo-ring double bond adjacent to the diol moiety with a single bond resulted in tetrahydrodiol derivatives which could not be metabolically activated, suggesting that one or both diastereomeric bay-region diol-epoxides were the bioactivated metabolites. The authentic bay-region diol-epoxide diastereomers of dibenzo(a,h)pyrene and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene in which the benzylic hydroxyl group and the epoxide oxygen are trans (diol-epoxide 2 series) were highly mutagenic in strains TA98 and TA100 of S. typhimurium and in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. Neither diol-epoxide was significantly, if at all, metabolized by epoxide hydrolase. The bay-region diol-epoxide of dibenzo(a,i)pyrene was from 1.5 to 5 times more active as a mutagen than the diol-epoxide of dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, and in strain TA98 of S. typhimurium as well as Chinese hamster V79 cells, it had activity comparable to that of the highly carcinogenic bay-region diol-epoxide of benzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 7018666 TI - Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, distribution, and nitroreduction of 4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)thiazole in the rat. AB - Albino noninbred weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a powdered basic grain diet (Group 1) or a basic diet supplemented with 1540 ppm of 4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)thiazole (NFT) (Group 2). Group 2 rats consumed an estimated mean NFT cumulative dose of 42 mmol/rat, exhibited significant growth retardation and hepatomegaly, and displayed 46 neoplasms (24 multiple mammary fibroadenomas, 19 forestomach squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 other malignant tumors) in 31 of 35 rats histologically evaluated. Six of 36 control rats had solitary, benign mammary fibroadenomas. After p.o. administration of NFT, extraction of urine with chloroform:diethyl ether followed by gas chromatography provided a major peak with a retention time of about 4 min. Catalytic hydrogenation of NFT with palladium on activated carbon afforded a product with the same retention time. The isolated urinary metabolite of NFT exhibited mass spectral fragmentation patterns and gas and high-pressure liquid chromatographic retention times similar to those of the chemical reduction product. These data demonstrate the identical chemical characteristics of the in vivo urinary metabolite of NFT and the compound obtained by chemical reduction of NFT. Spectroscopic analyses established the structural identity of this reduced product as 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3 cyano-1-propanone. Forty-eight hr after the intragastric administration of [14C]NFT, 32% of radioactivity was recovered in urine, 57% was recovered in gastrointestinal contents and feces, and 5.5% was recovered in expired 14CO2. About 2% of the urinary radioactivity was extracted in chloroform:diethyl ether, suggesting that 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone is quantitatively a minor urinary metabolite of NFT. 1-(4-Thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone was 1.1 x 10(4) fold less active than was NFT in the Ames mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. PMID- 7018667 TI - Isolation of a nontoxic lipid A fraction containing tumor regression activity. AB - Galanos-type endotoxin obtained from the heptose-less mutant of Salmonella typhimurium was converted to Lipid A by two cycles of treatment with sodium acetate, pH 4.5, at 100 degrees and separated on a DEAE-cellulose column into several fractions (Fractions III to VII). Tumor regression studies with strain 2 guinea pigs and syngeneic line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma showed that all fractions were effective when combined with trehalose dimycolates and an additional tumor regression factor (previously designated ACP) and incorporated into oil droplets (78 to 100% cures). A low polar fraction (Fraction IV) was relatively nontoxic [the medium lethal dose for 11-day-old chick embryos inoculated i.v. (CELD50) was more than 10 micrograms] and nonpyrogenic [the dose estimated to give a fever index (area under fever curve) of 40 sq cm in rabbits when 1 hr and 1 degrees are plotted as 1 (FI40) was 5 micrograms] as compared to the unfractionated Lipid A (CELD50 of 0.0546 micrograms; FI40 of 0.046 micrograms). All other fractions were toxic and pyrogenic and caused severe endotoxic shocks when combined with N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine and injected i.v. into guinea pigs. Fraction IV plus N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D isoglutamine did not cause endotoxic shock. The phosphate content of Fraction IV was about one-half of that detected in the toxic fractions. PMID- 7018668 TI - Adoptive therapy of established syngeneic leukemia by cells primarily sensitized in vitro. AB - The aim of the current studies was to determine whether cells primarily sensitized in vitro are effective in adoptive therapy of established tumors. Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice were cultured for 5 days at variable responder:stimulator ratios with an X-irradiated syngeneic Moloney virus-induced leukemia (LSTRA), denoted as BALB/c.(LSTRA)x, or with X-irradiated normal BALB/c spleen cells, denoted as BALB/c. (BALB/C)x, and tested for ability to eradicate an established lethal inoculum of LSTRA in adaptive chemoimmunotherapy. BALB/c mice inoculated with 2 X 10(3) LSTRA i.p. on Day 0 were treated on Day 5 with cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg) plus 1 X 10(7) cultured cells. Treatment with cyclophosphamide alone cured only 3% of mice. As an adjunct to cyclophosphamide, therapy with BALB/c.(BALB/c)x cultured at responder:stimulator ratios of 8:1, 32:1, and 128:1 cured 29%, 37%, and 33% of mice, respectively; and BALB/c.(LSTRA)x cultured at the same responder:stimulator ratios cured 54, 83, and 29% of mice, respectively. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of BALB/c.(LSTRA)x was abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 + complement. Thus, culture of normal lymphoid cells with tumor at optimal responder:stimulator ratios substantially enhanced their ability to eradicate established tumor, and the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was mediated by a T-cell generated during culture. The specificity of primary in vitro sensitization in generating cells effective in the therapy of established tumors was confirmed by treating BALB/CH 2d X C57BL/6H-2b F1 (hereafter called B6F1) mice bearing either LSTRAH-2d or an antigenically distinct chemically induced leukemia, EL-4(G-)H-2b, with CB6F1 spleen cells sensitized in vitro to either of the parental tumors. PMID- 7018669 TI - Antibody responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin during immunotherapy in bladder cancer patients. AB - Levels of serum antibody to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassays in 48 normal donors and 60 patients with bladder cancer. Of 57 patients enrolled in a randomized prospective controlled trial of BCG immunotherapy, 47 were followed for up to 30 months, thus permitting comparisons of tumor recurrence, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to purified protein derivative (PPD), and serum BCG antibody levels at specific intervals during the clinical course. Sera from normal donors and cancer patients prior to BCG therapy had equally low levels of BCG antibody. AFter administration of intravesical and percutaneous BCG, significant rises of serum BCG antibody levels were detected in 23 of 24 randomized BCG immunotherapy patients. Skin test responses to PPD and serum BCG antibody levels had a close correlation as immune response indicators in 14 of 24 BCG therapy patients, while rises in serum BCG antibody levels were a better response indicator than PPD skin test reactions in the other 10 patients. Eleven of the 23 patients randomized into the non-BCG treatment group had tumor recurrence, although tumors recurred in only six of the 24 randomized patients in the BCG therapy group. Two additional nonrandomized BCG treated patients had tumor recurrence. All eight BCG-treated patients with tumor recurrence had documented increases in serum BCG antibody levels after BCG therapy. Only three of these eight patients had conversion of PPD skin test responses from negative to positive; three were positive before immunotherapy and two remained negative after BCG therapy. Levels of antibodies reactive with human adenovirus type 5 and with Escherichia coli antigens were similar in sera from normal donors and from the randomized bladder cancer patients in both the BCG and non-BCG treatment groups. These results suggest that serum BCG antibody responses are as useful as PPD skin tests in identifying immunological responses to the immunoadjuvant BCG during immunotherapy trials in cancer patients. PMID- 7018671 TI - Sensitivity of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors to cis hydroxyproline, an inhibitor of collagen production. AB - The growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors was depressed by cis-hydroxyproline (CHP). This growth arrest appeared to be related to the ability of CHP to inhibit the deposition of basement membrane collagen as based on the following observations: (a) in vitro and in vivo, tumor cells synthesized type IV collagen, the collagen uniquely localized in basement membranes; (b) in vitro, the inhibition of tumor cell growth was preceded by a specific decrease in collagen accumulation with no effect on non-collagen protein synthesis; (c) a transplantable N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor accumulated no type IV collagen as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence. The growth of this tumor was not influenced by CHP; (d) an established human mammary tumor cell line, MCF-7, did not accumulate type IV collagen and was not inhibited by CHP. At the doses which effectively blocked the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors, CHP and no toxic effects, and serum prolactin levels were not altered. The inhibitory effect was thus apparently due to the direct action of CHP upon the accumulation of collagen in cells which required type IV collagen production for continued growth. PMID- 7018672 TI - Clinical utility of initial terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase determinations in childhood acute leukemias. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) activity was measured in bone marrow lymphoblasts obtained at diagnosis from 168 consecutive patients with childhood acute leukemia. Absolute concentrations of TDT were increased (greater than or equal to 20 units/10(8) blasts) in samples from 98 of 112 assessable patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL). The values ranged from less than 1 to 1502 units/10(8) blasts with a median of 90 units contrasted with less than 1 to 219 units (median, 2.6 units) in studies of children without leukemia. Results of an immunofluorescence assay were in good agreement with enzymatic detection of the polymerase. Among 115 patients with adequate marrow smears, 105 had TDT-positive blasts. By contrast, in most children with acute myelogenous leukemia, TDT activity was either undetectable or less than 10 units/10(8) blasts. Although the highest levels of TDT were found in blasts with the common ALL phenotype, quantitative determinations were not significantly related to the major immunological subtypes of ALL or to morphological features or periodic acid Schiff reactivity of the lymphoblasts. The probability that a newly diagnosed case of leukemia would be ALL was 90% if TDT levels were greater than 20 units/10(8) blasts. We conclude that absolute concentrations of TDT, as determined in this study, are of little value in identifying subclasses of ALL. The immunofluorescence assay, which is much less expensive and easier to perform than the enzyme assay, should prove useful for confirming the diagnosis of ALL and for detecting extramedullary sites of leukemic infiltration. PMID- 7018670 TI - Activity of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide against Chinese hamster cells in multicellular spheroids. AB - The cytotoxic activity of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m AMSA), a novel acridine derivative with clinical antitumor activity, has been examined in multicellular spheroids grown from Chinese hamster V79-171b cells. m AMSA is much less effective against cells within these tumor-like structures than it is against exponential-phase V79-171b cells in monolayer cultures, the initial D0 of the survival curve for the latter being approximately 10-fold lower than for the former following a 60-min exposure to the drug. The resistance of spheroid cells to m-AMSA appears to be at least partially a result of the noncycling or slowly cycling state of the majority of these cells, although they are more sensitive than cells in plateau-phase monolayers. A further component of resistance in spheroids requires the presence of an intact spheroid structure and may be due to drug transport limitations. The use of sequential trypsinization techniques to recover cells at varying depths within spheroids demonstrates that a 60-min m-AMSA treatment preferentially kills cells nearest the spheroid surface, suggesting that tumor cells at a distance from the vasculature may limit the efficacy of m-AMSA in vivo. PMID- 7018674 TI - Effect of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, on hematopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. AB - In vivo effect of an immunostimulant, OK-432, on hematopoietic spleen colonies (CFU-S) was investigated in irradiated JCL/ICR mice. Administration of OK-432 i.p. at various times before and/or after irradiation resulted in a significant increase in endogenous CFU-S. This increase was further characterized microscopically by an increase in the number of megakaryocytic colonies. Transplantable exogenous CFU-S also increased when normal bone marrow cells were transplanted into irradiated recipient mice previously given OK-432 i.p. Treatment with OK-432 gave rise to an earlier recovery of granulocyte and, particularly, platelet counts in the peripheral blood after irradiation. All these findings indicate that an increase in CFU-S is associated with activated hematopoietic microenvironment by OK-432. PMID- 7018673 TI - Detection of a breast tissue-associated antigen by antiserum to Raji cell-bound circulating immune complexes of human breast cancer. AB - Rabbits tolerant to human immunoglobulin G were used to raise antisera against the Raji cell-bound circulating immune complexes from human breast cancer sera. After solid-phase adsorption treatment with glutaraldehyde-cross-linked normal human plasma, acetone-extracted normal liver tissue powder, and glutaraldehyde fixed Raji cells, one antiserum reacted specifically with breast tissue extracts but not with extracts of other tissues, as examined by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. Immunological reactivity of the treated antiserum was removed by incubation with normal, primary, or metastatic breast tumor tissue extracts. Incubation with normal human serum or extracts derived from tissues other than the breast showed no neutralizing effect on the antibodies. This specific antiserum reagent was used in a modification of the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Raji cells were incubated with sera from cancer patients or normal controls and then reacted with 125I-labeled F(ab')2 fraction of the treated antiserum reagent. The amount of 125I-F(ab')2 bound was then determined. Although all sera exhibited elevated circulating immune complexes by the conventional Raji cell radioimmunoassay, 14 of 18 breast carcinoma sera demonstrated a significant uptake when compared with the normal population group as opposed to five (three lung and two colon) of 29 other cancer sera examined (p less than 0.001). An immunologically reactive breast tissue-associated antigen, purified from malignant breast tumor or normal breast tissue extracts with the use of antiserum reagent, exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI value of 4.9 +/- 0.2. These results demonstrated that a breast tissue-associated antigen rather than a breast tumor-associated neoantigen, was involved in circulating immune complexes of breast cancer patients as detected by Raji cell immunoassay. It also implied the occurrence of disease-related autoimmunity in human breast cancer. PMID- 7018675 TI - Relative mutagenicity of some urinary metabolites of the antitumor drug cyclophosphamide. AB - Four urinary metabolites of the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella assay: nornitrogen mustard (NM), 4 ketocyclophosphamide, 3-(2-chloroethyl)oxazolidone (OZ), and N,N'-bis(2 chloroethyl)piperazine. All four acted as direct base substitution mutagens although 4-ketocyclophosphamide showed an increase in mutagenicity after metabolic activation with S-9 rat liver fraction. Of the four compounds tested, NM was the strongest mutagen while all the others had weak mutagenic activity, with OZ being the weakest. We observed that, under conditions which facilitate the conversion of NM to OZ (presence of HCO-3 at neutral pH), the former lost both mutagenic and alkylating activities. Our findings, taken together with other reports in the literature, indicate that NM could be a major cause of secondary bladder carcinoma since it is a potent mutagen ad seems to be present in high levels in the urine of cyclophosphamide-treated patients. The fact that it can be detoxified to the weak mutagen OZ in the presence of HCO-3 suggests the possibility that, by increasing the concentration of HCO-3 in the urine of patients, that undesirable side effect of cyclophosphamide treatment can be alleviated. PMID- 7018676 TI - Lack of histocompatibility antigens on a murine ovarian teratocarcinoma. AB - We have attempted to generate in vitro lymphocytes cytotoxic to a widely studied model of ovarian cancer in C3HeB/FeJ mice. These attempts were unsuccessful with either syngeneic or allogeneic spleen cells. The following experimental results demonstrated that this murine ovarian tumor lacks histocompatibility antigens. (a) Tumor cells were not lysed by allogeneic lymphocytes presensitized to H-2k spleen cells. (b) Tumor cells did not specifically inhibit the cell-mediated lysis of H-2k spleen cells by presensitized allogeneic lymphocytes. (c) Histoincompatible (H-2b or H-2d) and syngeneic (H-2k) mice all died with identical tumor growth patterns within 25, 30, or 35 days following the i.p. inoculation of 10(6), 10(5), or 10(4) tumor cells, respectively. (d) Tumor cells were not lysed by an anti-H-2k antiserum and complement. (e) Absorption of the anti-H-2k antiserum with tumor cells did not decrease the cytotoxicity of the antiserum. (f) Competitive inhibition of a radioimmunoassay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitate of radiolabeled tumor extracts failed to demonstrate an H-2 heavy chain, although a normal amount of beta-microglobulin was present. This lack of histocompatibility antigens may explain the failure to generate lymphocytes cytotoxic to this tumor. Thus, this murine ovarian tumor, which has a serologically detectable tumor-associated antigen and can be cured by nonspecific immunotherapy, may provide an excellent model for the study of successful immunotherapy in the absence of histocompatibility antigens and associated cell-mediated reactions. PMID- 7018677 TI - Mutagenicity studies in Salmonella typhimurium on some carcinogenic N-nitramines in vitro and in the host-mediated assay in rats. AB - N-Nitrodimethylamine, N-nitrodiethylamine, N-nitromorpholine and their N-nitroso analogs, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosomorpholine, were tested in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1530. The mutagenicity of all compounds, except N-nitrodiethylamine, was demonstrated in liquid incubation assays in at least one of the tester strains; it required the presence of a postmitochondrial supernatant from the liver of Aroclor-treated rats, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system, and oxygen. When compared on a molar basis with their N-nitroso analogs, N nitromorpholine was about 10 times less mutagenic and N-nitrodimethylamine about 70 times less mutagenic. Addition of disulfiram to the assays at a final concentration of 0.1 mM efficiently inhibited mutagenesis by all nitro and nitroso compounds; ascorbic acid at a 7.4 mM concentration produced less inhibition. Mutagenic activity of the three nitramines was also determined in the host-mediated assay in rats. After p.o. administration of each of the N nitramines, cells of S. typhimurium strains TA1530 and TA100 that had been injected i.p. were isolated from the peritoneal liquid after 1, 3, and 6 hr. All three nitramines were found to be mutagenic for strain TA1530 but not for TA100. Mutation frequencies (number of histidine revertants per 10(6) surviving cells) were in the descending order N-nitromorpholine greater than N-nitrodiemethylamine greater than N-nitrodiethylamine. After a p.o. dose of N-nitrodiethylamine to rats, bacteria were also isolated from liver, lungs, and kidneys. Mutation frequency was highest in bacteria recovered from the liver but was not increased in those obtained from lungs and kidneys. The data suggest that carcinogenic nitramines exert their mutagenic effects through the formation of alkylating intermediates. PMID- 7018678 TI - Pharmacokinetics of leucovorin rescue using a new methotrexate-independent biochemical assay for leucovorin and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate. AB - A rapid biochemical assay for leucovorin (LV) and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate (mTHFA) has been developed, using a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli. The reaction used was the formylation of [14C]methionyl-tRNA fMet E. coli, in which product formation is dependent on added folate derivatives. The actual formyl donor, N10-formyltetrahydrofolate, is generated from LV in the presence of ATP or from mTHFA in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+. The assay is sensitive to approximately 5 X 10(-8) M l-LV and 5 X 10(-7) M l-mTHFA in serum. There is no cross-reactivity between LV and mTHFA. The presence of methotrexate (MTX) has no effect on assay results. This assay has been used to determine LV and mTHFA levels in patients receiving LV rescue after high-dose MTX infusions. Patients received 96 mg/m2 of LV as a single iv dose at the conclusion of the MTX infusion. Serum levels of LV and mTHFA were followed for the next 6 hrs. The initial (5-min) level and LV was about 10(-5) M, and its concentration in the serum decreased rapidly. The alpha-phase half-life of LV was about 15 mins, but LV was readily detectable by the assay for 3-4 hrs. There was rapid apparent conversion to mTHFA, as this compound was also detectable at the initial time point. The level of mTHFA increased for at least 60 mins, being equimolar with LV by 30 mins, and then decreased slowly with an apparent half-life of 2-3 hrs. PMID- 7018679 TI - Efficacy of piperazinedione prior to bone marrow transplantation: studies in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - The efficacy and toxicity of piperazinedione were investigated in a Brown Norway rat model for acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Treatment was started at a stage which is comparable to a "full-blown" relapse in human patients. Early toxicity induced deaths due to the very strong myelosuppressive effect of the drug could be prevented by bone marrow transplantation followed by repeated blood transfusions. However, with a total dose of 16 mg/kg (human dose, 85 mg/m2), death caused by GI tract and lung damage was inevitable. As judged by prolongation of survival, at the most of a 9-log cell-kill was achieved. No cures were obtained, since the total tumor load at the start of treatment was greater than 10(9) cells (about 5 X 10(9)). The possible presence of drug-resistant cells was not excluded. No significant differences in efficacy were found between daily "push" treatment and split daily doses using total doses of 10-12 mg/kg. PMID- 7018680 TI - Phase II study of vinblastine-CCNU, triazinate, and dactinomycin in advanced renal cell cancer. AB - A total of 133 patients with advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the kidney were stratified according to performance status and time from initial diagnosis to recurrence and were then randomized to one of three different drug treatment arms or the crossover secondary treatment. The study drugs (combination vinblastine-CCNU and single-agent triazinate or dactinomycin) failed to provide any meaningful antitumor activity for these patients with advanced renal cell cancer. PMID- 7018681 TI - Liposomes--problems and promise as selective drug carriers. PMID- 7018682 TI - Radiation sensitization studies in Japan. PMID- 7018683 TI - 1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU)--a masked 5-fluorinated pyrimidine. PMID- 7018686 TI - Right aortic arch with isolation of the left innominate artery. AB - Isolation of the left innominate artery and right aortic arch, a rare variant of right aortic arch anomalies, was diagnosed in a four-year-old boy with other congenital cardiac anomalies. Isolation of vessels from the aortic arch is predicted from the primitive double aortic arch model of Edwards. In this patient there was no evidence of a vascular ring or of a significant subclavian steal syndrome. PMID- 7018684 TI - Selective depolymerisation of heparin to produce radio-labelled substrates for sulfamidase, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucosidase, acetyl-CoA:2-amino-2-deoxy alpha-D-glucoside N-acetyltransferase, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6 sulfate sulfatase. AB - Heparin was carboxyl-reduced with NaBT4, and degraded under conditions of acid hydrolysis that selectively cleaved the 2-0-sulfo-L-idopyranosidic linkages. The resulting, radiolabelled-disaccharides and -tetrasaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography, and then fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography, paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. Of the nine disaccharides isolated and identified, eight were probably derived from the major repeating-disaccharide unit in heparin (2-deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucosyl 6-sulfate leads to L idosyluronic acid 2-sulfate). Sodium borotritide reduction and/or HNO2 deamination of these eight disaccharide fractions indicated four to contain L idopyranose residues and the other four to contain 1,6-anhydro-L-idopyranose residues as terminal units. The latter, terminal unit probably represents a minor component formed during the acid hydrolysis. On the basis of N-acetylation, N sulfation, and HNO2-deamination studies, and the known positions and configurations of the glycosidic and sulfate linkages in heparin, four disaccharides were identified as 0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6-3H]idopyranose, 0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glycopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6-3H]idopyranose 2-sulfate, and 0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D glucopyranosyl 6-sulfate]-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6-3H]idopyranose 2-sulfate. A similar set of four disaccharides contained 1,6-anhydro-L-[6-3H]idopyranose residues in place of the L-[6-3H]idopyranose residues. The other disaccharide was tentatively identified as 0-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6 3H]idopyranose, the isolation of which suggests the presence of an IdA(OSO-3) GlcNAc-IdA(OSO-3) sequence in the heparin preparation, which accounts for at least 1% of its total sequence. The tetrasaccharides were fractionated, on the basis of their sulfate content, into at least five species by ion-exchange chromatography or by paper electrophoresis. These were fractionated further into species with and without carboxyl groups, and with L-idopyranose or 1,6-anhydro-L idopyranose residues as terminal units. Tentative structures for some of these tetrasaccharides are proposed. Disaccharide and tetrasaccharide species were evaluated before and after N-acetylation or N-sulfation, as substrates for sulfamidase, acetyl-CoA: 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside N-acetyl-transferase, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucosidase, or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6 sulfate sulfatase in human-skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7018685 TI - Hemodynamic effects of [Sar1, Ile8] AII, an angiotensin II analog, in the renin subgroups of essential hypertension. AB - Hemodynamic effects of [Sar1, Ile8] AII, an angiotensin II analog, were studied in 30 patients with essential hypertension, who were subdivided into 11 low renin, 10 normal renin and 9 high renin groups according to low, normal and high PRA values both before and after furosemide administration (80 mg, orally) plus 4 h of ambulation, respectively. [Sar1, Ile8] AII infusion (600 ng/kg/min) produced significant increases in mean blood pressure (MBP) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) in normal renin and low renin groups and significant decreases in MBP and TPRI in high renin group, while the cardiac index and heart rate remained unchanged during the infusion in these three groups. Change in MBP at 30 min of [Sar1, Ile8] AII infusion correlated significantly with alteration in TPRI in 23 patients with essential hypertension, who completed the 30-min infusion. The response of both MBP and TPRI to [SAR1, Ile8] AII also correlated significantly with basal PRA. These results suggest that blood pressure response to [SAR1, Ile8] AII in essential hypertension is primarily due to alteration in total peripheral resistance and that direction and amplitude of the response of both MBP and TPRI are practically dependent on basal PRA levels. PMID- 7018687 TI - Carcinoid APUDoma of the pancreas. AB - A case of non-beta islet cell tumor of the pancreas with elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels and WDHA syndrome (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria) was studied. Angiography and radio isotope scanning showed profuse abnormal vascularity. Ultrasonography showed a solid mass with small- to medium-sized cystic spaces. Histologic examination with special staining (Sevier-Munger) showed carcinoid tumor. PMID- 7018688 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. AB - Precise localization of pheochromocytomas is an essential part of their preoperative management. As a significant number of these tumors may be extraadrenal multiple, or hypovascular, they may not be detected by computerized body tomography (CBT) or arteriography without film subtraction. In seven patients with extraadrenal pheochromocytomas, all tumors were demonstrated by arteriography. In two cases, subtraction films revealed tumors that had not been visualized on the non-subtraction films. CBT, performed in four patients, demonstrated a mass in two but failed to visualized tumors in the other two. PMID- 7018689 TI - [From the origin of history of the Society of Clinical Biochemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018690 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of melatonin in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland. AB - The presence of melatonin is demonstrated in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland in some mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, using a specific fluorescence labelled antibody technique. Four different potent antibodies against melatonin have been used and compared. In the pineal gland of hamsters, mice, rats and snakes, specific fluorescence, mostly restricted to the cytoplasm of the cells, is detected in pinealocytes. Fluorescence is also detected in the pineal organ of fishes, tortoises and lizards, but it has not been possible, from cryostat sections of fresh tissue, to assert which kind of cell is reacting (photoreceptor cells or interstitial ependymal cells). In the retina, fluorescence is almost exclusively restricted to the outer nuclear layer. In the Harderian gland of mammals and reptiles, fluorescence is localized in the secretory cells of the alveoli and mostly restricted to the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites independent of pineal production. PMID- 7018691 TI - Comparative immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and somatotropin in the pituitaries of Lepidosiren paradoxa, Rana temporaria and Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - The cellular binding sites of anti-oPRL IgG and anti-bSTH IgG were demonstrated in the pituitary glands of Lepidosiren paradoxa, Rana temporaria and Ambystoma mexicanum by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method by light and electron microscopy (the latter only in Lepidosiren). With the light microscope PRL or PRL like substances and STH or STH-like substances were revealed in two different cell types in the distal lobe corresponding to the acidophils. However, as a result of the insufficient differentiation of the acidophils in Lepidosiren after staining with Brookes' procedure it was not possible to distinguish the two types of acidophils in this animal. Treatment with low dilutions of both anti-oPRL and anti-bSTH IgG revealed simultaneous immunocytochemical staining in both types of acidophils in Lepidosiren and in Rana. These results, indicating that there is antigenic cross-reaction between anti-oPRL and anti-bSTH IgG and both PRL and STH in these animals, are discussed. The electron microscopic investigations of Lepidosiren revealed that the specific anti-oPRL IgG reactive cells contain granules ranging in size from 200 to 300 nm, while the specific anti-bSTH IgG reactive cells contain smaller immunoreactive granules ranging from 80 to 160 nm. PMID- 7018692 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of neurotensin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - The hypothalamus of Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, has been studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibodies to synthetic neurotensin (NT). A number of immunoreactive neuronal perikarya occur in the medial preoptic nucleus of the rostral hypothalamus and a few in the accessory part of paraventricular nucleus and dorsal portion of the infundibular nucleus. Some of them correspond to the parvocellular neurons previously identified tentatively as neurosecretory (Mikami et al. 1975, 1976). Large numbers of immunoreactive neuronal fibers are found in the preoptic area, which extend as a remarkable fiber tract from this area to the ventral septal area and to the subfornical organ. A few immunoreactive fibers also extend ventrocaudally to the infundibular nucleus and to the neural lobe. PMID- 7018693 TI - Gene conversion: some implications for immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 7018695 TI - Direct repeats of the F plasmid incC region express F incompatibility. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the incompatibility region incC, located at 45.8--46.4 kb on the F plasmid map, was determined. This region consists of 543 bp and contains sufficient information to code for only two small polypeptides of 34 and 30 amino acids each. Deletion of the ATG start codons for these two polypeptides has no effect on expression of incC incompatibility. A prominent feature of this sequence is the presence of five 22 bp direct repeats. A 58 bp segment of the incC region that contains two of these direct repeats was inserted into plasmid pACYC184, which is compatible with the F plasmid. The pACYC184 plasmid containing the direct-repeat sequences now expresses incompatibility with the F'lac plasmid and replication-proficient derivatives of the mini-F plasmid. PMID- 7018694 TI - The effect of temperature-sensitive RNA mutants on the transcription products from cloned ribosomal protein genes of yeast. AB - The levels of four ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs in different mutant strains were determined by hydridization of radiolabeled cloned genes to RNA fractionated on CH3HgOH gels and transferred to DBM paper. Two ribosomal protein genes (rp 51 and rp 52) controlled by the locus RNA2 have dramatically decreased mRNA levels after a shift-up to the nonpermissive temperature in a strain carrying the rna2 mutation (ts368). Two ribosomal protein genes not controlled by the RNA2 locus and several control nonribosomal protein genes are relatively unaffected by the temperature shift in this strain. Other genes in the vicinity of one of the rna2 sensitive ribosomal protein genes (th rp 51 gene) are insensitive to the rna2 gene product, suggesting that all ribosomal protein genes do not occur in clusters and that the RNA2 gene product does not affect a large region of chromatin. In ts368 at the nonpermissive temperature, the concentration of higher molecular weight transcripts complementary to the rp 51 and the rp 52 plasmids is increased. Analysis of the rp 51 plasmid transcripts reveals that the temperature induced higher molecular weight transcripts differ from the mature rp 51 mRNA by the presence of an intron. This observation and the kinetics with which the concentration of the various rp 51 transcripts change after a temperature shift suggest that the effect of rna2 may be at the level of processing of rp mRNA. PMID- 7018696 TI - A beta-tubulin mutation in Aspergillus nidulans that blocks microtubule function without blocking assembly. AB - We have isolated a heat-sensitive beta-tubulin mutation, benA33, that blocks nuclear division and nuclear movement at restrictive temperature. This blockage demonstrates that the beta tubulin encoded by the benA gene is essential to both processes. The blockage of both processes is suppressed by the alpha-tubulin mutation, tubA1; thus the alpha tubulin encoded by the tubA gene must also be involved in both processes. When benA33 is shifted from a permissive to restrictive temperature, nuclei are blocked in mitosis. Light microscopy of blocked nuclei reveals that benA33 inhibits movement of chromosomes to the poles, and electron microscopy of blocked nuclei shows that they contain apparently normal spindles. Thus benA33 does not block microtubule assembly but, directly or indirectly, blocks microtubule disassembly. BenA33 also confers resistance to several antimicrotubule agents and the heat sensitivity conferred by benA33 is suppressed by each of these agents. We suggest that the simplest explanation for these effects is that benA33 causes a temperature-dependent hyperstabilization of microtubules that blocks chromosomal movement by blocking microtubule disassembly. PMID- 7018697 TI - Characterization of bullous pemphigoid antigen: a unique basement membrane protein of stratified squamous epithelia. PMID- 7018698 TI - Regulation of histamine-mediated prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. AB - Histamine stimulates the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) in cultured human endothelial cells. We have examined the cell specificity of histamine-mediated PGI2 synthesis in primary and subcultured human cells. Venous and arterial smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts synthesized PGI2 from exogenous arachidonic acid, but they did not synthesize a significant amount of PGI2 when treated with histamine. Endothelial cells, however, produced similar amounts of PGI2 in response to histamine and arachidonic acid. Thrombin also stimulates PGI2 production in endothelial cells. Histamine and thrombin yielded an additive production of PGI2 when added simultaneously to endothelial cells. When histamine and thrombin were added sequentially, the amount of PGI2 produced was not additive but equaled the amount characteristic of the first agonist alone. Following an initial treatment with histamine, endothelial cells were unable to respond to histamine for 3 hr, after which the PGI2 biosynthetic response rapidly returned to normal by 4 1/2 hr. When the initial histamine treatment was carried out under mildly alkaline conditions, the complete return of activity was delayed to 8 hr after treatment. The synthesis of PGI2 from exogenous arachidonic acid was unaffected by prior treatment with histamine. Recovery of histamine-mediated PGI2 production was not dependent on protein synthesis but required a component of fetal calf serum that is nondialyzable and moderately heat stable. Thus endothelial cell PGI2 synthesis in responses to a physiologic agonist is subject to several levels of regulation, reflecting not only intracellular events but also the extracellular environment. PMID- 7018700 TI - D-Mannose as a component of the macrophage surface receptor for macrophage activating factor(MAF) in mice. PMID- 7018699 TI - Dental rehabilitation for the "hopeless" case. PMID- 7018701 TI - History of immunology. The royal experiment on immunity: 1721-1722. PMID- 7018702 TI - The immune response of CBA/N mice and their F1 hybrids to 2,4,6 trinitrophenylated antigens. II. Avidity profiles of secondary IgM and IgG responses to TNP-KLH. PMID- 7018704 TI - [Purulent vaginal discharge and gonorrhoea - criticism of the clinical interpretation of vaginal smear grading (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018703 TI - The central dogma of cell biology. AB - The Continuum Model proposes that preparations for DNA synthesis occur continuously during all phases of the division cycle. Various stimuli activate cell proliferation by changing the rate of initiator (protein) synthesis. Cell division does not initiate any process regulating cell proliferation. Cell division is the end of a process and the beginning of nothing. The alternative model which has cell proliferation regulated in the G1 phase of the division cycle is reexamined and the two types of evidence for this model, G1-variability and G1-arrest are shown to be compatible with the Continuum Model. Here, the Continuum Model is generalized to produce a new look at the logic of the division cycle in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This new view, the Central Dogma of Cell Biology, is presented and two predictions are made. I propose that (i) cell division does not have any regulatory function, and (ii) that DNA synthesis may, indeed, have some affect on the synthesis of initiator. PMID- 7018705 TI - [How health personnel was educated in Olomouc in the early days]. PMID- 7018706 TI - [Technical and immunological problems of the perforating keratoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018707 TI - [Diary of Dr. Josef Ryba]. PMID- 7018708 TI - [65th birthday of Prof. Lubor Hanzlicek]. PMID- 7018709 TI - [Clinical experience with treatment of depressions by nomiphenzine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018710 TI - [Pyrazidole in the treatment of endogenous depression: controlled study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018711 TI - [Results of the clinical trial with nomifensine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018712 TI - New mucosal dosage form of insulin. PMID- 7018713 TI - Subcellular localization of renin in the mouse kidney. PMID- 7018714 TI - [Laceration of trachea by bulb of endotracheal tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018715 TI - [Skin autoplasty at 2 different times in treating infected stenoses of the perineobulbar and membranous urethra]. PMID- 7018716 TI - [Blocked suprahepatic pressure and the portohepatic gradient in evaluation of the portal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - Blocked suprahepatic pressure and the portohepatic gradient were studied in correlation with the circulation parameters and expressed by graphical representation allowing approximate quantitative evaluation of their variation. It is a complete analysis of the possible variations produced in the hepatic and portal circulation by extrahepatic and especially intrahepatic shunts resulting from morphological changes due to the active and passive fibrous septa that are established during cirrhosis. This leads to a hemodynamic classification of the condition of the portal and hepatic circulation, evidencing the importance of determination of the blocked suprahepatic pressure and portohepatic pressure gradient for correct interpretation of the clinical picture and for medical or surgical therapeutic guidance. PMID- 7018717 TI - [Retrovesical hydatid cyst fistulized into the bladder, associated with multiple hepatic and epiploic hydatidosis (contribution on pelvic echinococcosis in humans)]. PMID- 7018718 TI - [11 cases of traumatic uterine lesions]. PMID- 7018719 TI - [3 cases of appendicular mucocele]. PMID- 7018720 TI - [Growing skull fracture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018721 TI - [Neurologic form or pernicious attack by Plasmodium malariae. Physiopathologic discussion of a case]. PMID- 7018722 TI - [Conditions for re-establishing the schizogonic rhythm of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro]. PMID- 7018723 TI - [Convict prisons in French Guyana during the years 1856 to 1872. A telltale manuscript]. PMID- 7018724 TI - Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells and localization of secretory component in gastric mucosa bearing carcinoma. AB - Surgical materials of gastric carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically in terms of the distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells and the localization of secretory component (SC). There was no convincing evidence suggesting that the secretory immune system surrounding carcinoma was responding to the carcinoma. But in some cases, increase of IgG-containing cells was observed in the stroma of carcinoma suggesting the presence of some kind of tumor immunity. In the non carcinomatous mucosa, SC was observed strongly in cells of intestinal metaplasia except for the goblet cells, but weakly in the normal foveolar epithelium. The presence of SC in carcinoma cells was observed in 45 percent of the total cases of gastric carcinoma [36/80] and was especially prominent in signet-ring cell carcinoma [78%]. IgA was observed in about 50 percent of these SC-positive carcinoma cases. SC was also frequently positive in group III atypical epithelium. PMID- 7018725 TI - 2'-deoxycoformycin. A new anticancer agent. AB - 2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF) is a powerful inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme found in high concentrations in lymphoid tissue. Although inactive in preclinical tumor models, 2'-dCF has shown clinical antitumor activity as a single agent in lymphoid malignancies. This drug has the added potential of being useful as a potentiator of other antitumor agents which are deactivated by ADA. It is also possible that the drug has potential as an immunosuppressive agent. Phase I studies are ongoing and phase II trials are planned to define the antitumor spectrum of this agent. PMID- 7018727 TI - [Immunology of filariasis]. PMID- 7018726 TI - MER immunotherapy and combination chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. AB - The effects of chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in previously treated advanced Hodgkin's disease were evaluated in a randomized study of 167 patients by CALGB. Combination chemotherapy consisted of treatment with one of three regimens with further randomization of MER (methanol extraction residue BCG) immunotherapy or no MER during chemotherapy. CVPP (CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisone) was compared to a new combination, BAVS (bleomycin, Adriamycin, vincristine, streptozotocin), and to a third regimen consisting of alternating cycles of CVPP and BAVS. At the current analysis there is no significant difference in complete responses among the chemotherapy regimens. MER did not improve complete response frequency and was associated with significantly poorer survival for patients previously treated with chemotherapy. There was also no benefit with MER for patients with at least one pretreatment positive skin test. Because of the documented lack of therapeutic benefit and the morbidity of painful ulcers, MER treatment has been discontinued. PMID- 7018728 TI - Decrease in susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine in continuous culture. AB - Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, line FCK from Thailand, was tested for susceptibility to mefloquine in continuous culture. The drug resulted in 50% schizont inhibition at the level of 8.0 nmol/ml of culture when tested for the first time. After three months of discontinuous exposure to mefloquine at increasing levels, the sensitivity of the parasite decreased. A concentration as high as 128 nmol/ml eventually was required for 50% inhibition of growth. PMID- 7018730 TI - Survival of primates in lethal septic shock following delayed treatment with steroid. AB - We recently developed a methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS)/gentamicin sulfate (GS) regimen that prevented death in baboons given a 2-hour infusion of LD100 E coli (J. Surg. Res. 28:151, 1980). Steroid treatment was begun in that study 30 minutes after initiation of E coli. Our current aim was to determine if baboons would survive if MPSs treatment was delayed until all E coli were infused and severe hypotension had ensued. Fourteen lightly anesthetized baboons (P.c. cynocephalus) were administered E. coli and seven were then treated with MPSS and GS for 10 hours. All nontreated baboons died, while six of seven treated animals survived. In the treated group, hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia were reversed, tachycardia was reduced and neutrophil recovery was improved. Baboons with delayed MPSS, however, evidenced diminished perfusion and recovered more slowly than those with earlier MPSs treatment. In conclusion, primates in septic shock are clearly protected with delayed steroid/antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7018731 TI - The effect of leucine on plasma insulin following endotoxin shock in the rat. AB - We have previously documented the ability of exogenous L-leucine to accelerate the endotoxin shock syndrome. In this report we have tested the hypothesis that the mechanism for this action of leucine was via an induction of pancreatic insulin hypersecretion. Pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were injected with 1 mg/100 gm S. enteritidis endotoxin (LD90) or vehicle and infused with either Krebs Henseleit vehicle or 0.153 M leucine to a dose of 7.6 mmole/kg. Following leucine administration, plasma concentrations of leucine decayed at an exponential rate in both endotoxin-treated and sham-treated groups. The extrapolated initial leucine concentration in the endotoxin-treated rats was significantly higher than the sham rats, indicating a lower circulating blood volume in the endotoxin-treated group. In the vehicle and endotoxin-treated group, insulin levels exhibited a biphasic response, significantly lower at 30 minutes and significantly higher at three hours. In the leucine- and endotoxin treated groups, insulin levels were markedly higher 0.5, 2, and 3 hours after leucine infusion. In the two non-endotoxin treated groups, no significant changes in insulin levels were noted after infusion. Therefore, the shock accelerating action of leucine may be due to a direct stimulation of insulin secretion inducing a prolonged hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7018729 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: acquired immunity and transmission in an endemic area. AB - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are an important cause of diarrhoea in developing countries. Studies were made, in an endemic area of Bangladesh, of household contacts of patients with diarrhoea associated with E. coli producing heat-stable and heatlabile toxins (ST/LT) or heat-stable toxin (ST) only. It was found that 11% of contacts were infected in the 10-day study period, and that both the rate of infection and the proportion of infected persons with diarrhoea decreased with increasing age, suggesting the development of immunity. ETEC of the same serotype as that of the index patient were found in 9% of water sources used by index households, in a small number of food and drinking water specimens from the index homes, and in faeces from 3 healthy calves. The rate of infection of household members was highest in houses where there was contaminated food or water, which suggests that infection may take place in the home when contaminated water is brought in. PMID- 7018733 TI - Ontogeny of blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Sequential studies in the newborn lamb. AB - To test the hypothesis that the rise in arterial pressure occurring with maturation is due to an increase in the vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II, sequential cumulative doses of angiotensin II were infused intravenously into chronically catheterized newborn lambs maintained on a constant, weight-adjusted sodium intake from birth to 8 weeks of age. Basal mean arterial pressure correlated with both age and weight, but age was a stronger determinant of mean arterial pressure than was weight. No change in the mean arterial pressure response to angiotensin II occurred with maturation. Basal plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentrations were low and did not change significantly with age. Therefore, in the newborn lamb in the sodium replete state, age is a better determinant of arterial pressure than is weight. However, an age-related change in vasoconstrictor responsiveness to angiotensin II does not occur and, therefore, cannot account for the rise in arterial pressure that is observed with maturation. PMID- 7018732 TI - Progress toward resolving the controversy of positive Vs. negative interstitial fluid pressure. PMID- 7018734 TI - Effects of indomethacin, renal denervation, and propranolol on plasma renin activity in conscious dogs with chronic thoracic caval constriction. AB - The role of renal prostaglandins and the adrenergic nervous system in the control of renin release was studied in conscious dogs with thoracic caval constriction. Indomethacin reduced plasma renin activity (PRA) in intact animals with thoracic caval constriction by 43% but failed to change PRA after surgical renal denervation and during chronic propranolol administration; adrenergic blockade reduced the initial control level of PRA before indomethacin from 15 to 4 ng angiotensin I/ml per hr. Renal hemodynamic function was markedly reduced by indomethacin both before and after adrenergic blockade. These observations indicate that prostaglandins are involved in the control of renin release, but they appear to have a more important role in the control of renal arterial resistance. The adrenergic nervous system also plays a role in the hyperreninemia of caval constriction and, possibly, a greater role than the renal prostaglandins. In the first experimental design, surgical renal denervation and daily oral propranolol administration in dogs with caval constriction reduced PRA to normal in two of seven dogs and a natriuresis occurred. In four of the five remaining animals, PRA fell, but not to normal, and renal sodium excretion failed to increase. In a second experimental design, the kidneys were denervated and propranolol was given before the dogs were subjected to caval constriction and propranolol was continued for 5 days; PRA increased markedly, sodium retention occurred, and ascites formed. Under these circumstances, compensatory mechanisms secondary to caval constriction led to increased PRA in spite of adrenergic blockade. PMID- 7018735 TI - Left ventricular mass by M-mode echocardiography in cardiac transplant patients with acute rejection. AB - Serial determination of left ventricular mass, right ventricular and left atrial size, fractional shortening and left ventricular systolic time intervals were made from M-mode echocardiograms in 13 long-term survivors with cardiac allografts These measurements were correlated with presence or absence of acute rejection as determined by myocardial biopsy. Left ventricular mass increased significantly, from a baseline of 129.8 +/- 11.8 (mean +/- SEM) to 310.5 +/- 13.0 g during 12 episodes of rejection. In contrast during eight episodes without rejection, the left ventricular mass did not increase significantly (baseline 175.2 +/- 11.8 to 211.9 +/- 25.6 g). There was no relationship between changes in right ventricular and left atrial size, fractional shortening or systolic time intervals and presence or absence of rejection of myocardial biopsy. An increase in left ventricular mass by M-mode echocardiography offers a reliable noninvasive method for detection of acute rejection of a cardiac allograft. PMID- 7018736 TI - Preservation of platelets and their function in prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass using prostacyclin. AB - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) with and without heparin were studied in 28 dogs that underwent 2 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass. Five groups were created: group I (six dogs) received heparin, 1.25 mg/kg; group II (six dogs) received low dose heparin, 0.5 mg/kg, and PGI2, 500 ng/kg/min; group III (six dogs) received low-dose heparin alone; group IV (four dogs) received PGI2, 500--1000 ng/kg/min; and group V (six dogs) received ibuprofen, 12.5 mg/kg, dipyridamole, 1 mg/kg, PGI2, 20 ng/kg/min, and low-dose heparin. Significant clot deposition occurred in the oxygenators in groups III, IV and V. Platelet counts decreased to a mean of 36.8 +/- 5.7% (+/- SEM) of control in group I, which had normal clinical heparin dose for dogs, but to only 74 +/- 7% of control in group II. This improvement was significant (p less than 0.005). Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate 60 minutes after CPB showed poor aggregation in group I but almost normal aggregation in group II. Protamine was unnecessary in groups that received PGI2. PGI2 in combination with low-dose heparin provides adequate anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs, preserves platelet number and function and is associated with minimal postoperative bleeding. PMID- 7018737 TI - The effects of crystalloid potassium cardioplegic solution on arterialized canine vein grafts. Assessment of chronic prostacyclin production and histopathologic alterations. AB - Efforts to improve myocardial preservation during aortocoronary bypass procedures have led to the perfusion of saphenous vein segments with potassium cardioplegic (KCP) solutions after completion of the distal anastomosis. Recent reports show that the procurement of veins leads to varying degrees of damage, particularly to the endothelial surface, as a result of the dissection itself, the hydrostatic pressure required to distend the veins in obtaining hemostasis and the composition of the solutions used to irrigate the harvested segments. The biologic activity of arterialized vein segments is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of venous injury inherent in vein harvesting may be compounded by perfusion with a potassium-rich solution, a known vascular irritant. The external jugular vein was removed from 18 dogs. Half of the vein was perfused with 300 ml of a KCP solution at 4 degrees C (40 mEq/l KCl, 10 ml sodium bicarbonate, pH 7.6, osmolarity 340 mosmol) and the other half with lactated Ringer's solution (LR). The treated vein was reversed and interposed into the excluded internal carotid circulation. A sham dissection was done on the opposite jugular vein. The veins were harvested after 6 weeks and assayed for spontaneous and arachidonate-stimulated (AS) prostacyclin activity as well as light microscopic analysis of morphologic changes. Spontaneous and AS production of prostacyclin did not differ significantly in the sham, LR and KCP groups: 1539 +/- 709 and 4166 +/- 1802, 1569 +/- 763 and 3767 +/- 2706, 1860 +/- 1233 and 3947 +/- 3347 pg/ml). Light microscopic analysis revealed an intense adventitial fibrotic reaction in the KCP group and the appearance of fibroblast-like cells in the outer layer of the vein wall. The intima was intact in all three groups. We conclude that intimal damage sustained during harvesting is repaired within 6 weeks, and there is no impairment to surface production of prostacyclin. The intense adventitial fibrotic reaction observed in the KCP-treated group has not been previously reported, and its significance remains unexplained. PMID- 7018738 TI - A study of immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 7018739 TI - A standardized filter paper technique for assessing nasal secretory activity. AB - A simple filter paper technique for estimating nasal secretory activity (NSA) was studied in 179 healthy adults. The technique was reproducible and NSA correlated independently with age and race (P less than 0.001 in each case) but not with sex or smoking habits. Subjects with a past history of atopic disease (asthma, rhinitis or eczema) produced significantly more nasal secretion than those without such a history (P less than 0.03). Among the former there was no significant difference in quantity of secretion recovered between those with and those without a past history of rhinitis. Increased NSA appears to be a marker of the atopic state and its measurement could be of value in the management of patients with allergic nasal disorders. PMID- 7018740 TI - Gonadotropinic reserve in women affected by hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. AB - The Authors have evaluated the hypophysis gonadotropic reserve after stimulation by synthetic GnRH (100 ng) in women affected by functional hyperprolactinemia and by prolactin-secreting adenoma. The LH response was significatively higher in women affected by functional hyperprolactinemia. The PRL values seem to have no influence on the gonadotropic reserve except for the cases in which The PRL levels were higher than 200 ng/ml. In all these cases a prolactinoma was present. The FSH response was similar in the two groups considered. PMID- 7018741 TI - Craniofacial anomalies in the Upper Missouri River over a millennium: archeological and clinical evidence. AB - Congenital facial clefting occurs more often in Native Americans from the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB) than it does in the general population. However, no facial clefts were seen in 3,750 ancient UMRB skeletons. Very few reports concerning defective palate crania are in the literature of paleopathology. Findings regarding craniofacial anomalies in today's native Americans in the UMRB are presented briefly and compared to those in skeletons from this region. There is a marked difference between the frequency of anomalies which occurred in the past and those which are present today. Although the people sampled here were from many cultures and lived during different time periods, encompassing over a millenium, the fundamental denominator was a common geographic location. Reasons for the differences between the past and the present are advanced. It may be possible to estimate the frequency of anomalies which have not been found in archeological specimens but which are present today. By comparing data concerning "occult" congenital anomalies of the past with those of the present, the actual prevalence of past cranio-facial anomalies may be estimated through careful extrapolation. PMID- 7018742 TI - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase. AB - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for myocardial creatine kinase MB isoenzyme is described. The method utilizes immobilized anti-human creatine kinase BB antibodies and 125I-labelled anti-human creatine kinase MM antibodies and can specifically detect creatine kinase MB in the presence of approximately 1000-fold excess of creatine kinase MM or BB. Native creatine kinase MB prepared from human heart and creatine kinase MB prepared by hybridisation of purified human creatine kinase MM and creatine kinase BB appeared to react identically in the assay. Serum estimations on patients with suspected myocardial infarction correlated with the presence of an MB band on electrophoresis but preliminary results suggest that the two-site immunoradiometric assay may be more sensitive. PMID- 7018743 TI - Changes in form of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV in urine from patients with renal disease. PMID- 7018744 TI - A two-site immunofluorometric assay for human placental lactogen. AB - A two-site immunofluorometric assay for human placental lactogen (HPL) in serum has been developed. Samples and standards are incubated for 10 min with an excess of sheep anti-HPL serum covalently coupled to particles of magnetisable cellulose. After sedimenting the particles and adsorbed hormone on a magnet the supernates are aspirated (or decanted) to waste. An excess of purified sheep anti HPL immunoglobulin, labelled with fluorescein, is added and, after a further 20 min, the fluorescence remaining in the supernates, after sedimenting the particles, is inversely related to the initial concentration of HPL. Results correlate closely with those of an established radioimmunoassay (r = 0.92), within- and between-assay coefficients of variation are less than 10% and, employing a 200 microliter sample volume, the assay extends from a minimum detection limit of 0.02 mg/l throughout the entire range of values encountered in pregnancy to more than 10 mg/l. PMID- 7018745 TI - Fat clearances and hyperlipidaemia in renal allograft recipients--the role of insulin resistance. AB - The mechanism of hyperlipidaemia in renal allograft recipients was investigated in 19 patients randomly selected from a cohort of 54 patients with functioning renal allografts. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations as well as plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were measured in fasting blood samples. Intravenous fat tolerance tests were performed before and 15 min after heparin administration. Renal allograft recipients had reduced fractional clearance rates of Intralipid and a positive correlation was demonstrated between plasma immunoreactive insulin levels and serum triglyceride concentrations. Plasma immunoreactive insulins also correlated inversely with fractional clearance rates of Intralipid. It was concluded that both increased production and decreased removal of lipoproteins contribute to the hyperlipidaemia and that insulin resistance due to corticosteroids was the centre of the problem. PMID- 7018747 TI - Metabolic effects of ethanol on the liver and other digestive organs. PMID- 7018746 TI - The influence of ethanol on intestinal absorption and utilization of nutrients. PMID- 7018748 TI - Hepatocyte demand and substrate supply as factors in the susceptibility to alcoholic liver injury: pathogenesis and prevention. AB - In conclusion, the studies presented suggest that two factors commonly occurring in the alcoholic, namely, an increased rate of ethanol metabolism and hepatomegaly, may have important pathogenic implications in alcoholic liver disease. An increased rate of ethanol metabolism is linked to a greater oxygen demand, thus resulting in greater susceptibility to hypoxia in Zone 3 of the liver acinus, a factor which might be responsible for hepatocellular necrosis in alcoholic hepatitis. Propylthiouracil has been shown to have a protective effect against hypoxic necrosis in alcohol-fed animals and has been found to be most effective in accelerating the rate of recovery of alcoholics with active liver disease. On the other hand, hepatocyte expansion in hepatomegaly, in the face of a semi-rigid liver capsule, leads to constriction of extracellular volume and to an increase in intrahepatic and portal pressure. The latter, in turn, could produce a variety of haemodynamic alterations as those found in the alcoholic. To what extent the mechanisms described are responsible for or might add to the myriad of other disturbances observed in alcoholic disease should be further analysed. PMID- 7018749 TI - Oesophageal lesions in the alcoholic. PMID- 7018750 TI - Alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - Although further work is needed for understanding the mechanism of the action of alcohol on the pancreas, it can be admitted that in man, the rat and the dog, chronic alcohol consumption leads to precipitation of proteins in the juice and the ducts. When these precipitates are observed, an alteration of the protein to bicarbonate ratio is always found, as a result of an increase in protein concentration or a decrease in bicarbonate concentration, or both, It is reasonable to assume that an increased cholinergic tone is responsible for the increased secretion of protein. The decrease in bicarbonate secretion is not explained. It is worthwhile mentioning that, in hypercalcaemic dogs, protein precipitates are found in the juice associated with an increased concentration of protein and a decreased concentration of bicarbonate. It is known that hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism) is a cause of chronic calcifying pancreatitis (noel-Jorand et al, 1981b). PMID- 7018751 TI - Alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 7018752 TI - Alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 7018753 TI - Pancreatic cancer and alcohol. AB - The aetiology of pancreatic cancer remains unknown, as for other cancers, despite continued and exhaustive clinical and laboratory research. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Due to is anatomical location, detection of carcinoma of the pancreas is difficult in its operable stage. Of the various radiological modalities, real time ultrasonography seems to be most useful and will constitute the major diagnostic approach in the near future. PMID- 7018754 TI - Alcohol and drug interactions in injury to the digestive tract. PMID- 7018755 TI - The relationship between hyperglycaemia and renal immune complex deposition in mice with inherited diabetes. AB - Kidney lesions were studied by light microscopy and immunofluorescence in diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mutant mice. The db/db mutation was studied both on the C57Bl/KsJ genetic background (where it produces severe hyperglycaemia) and on the C57Bl/6J background (where hyperglycaemia is only mild). In all cases, more IgG, IgM and C3 were deposited in the renal glomeruli of mutant mice than in the glomeruli of normal (+/?) mice of equivalent age. First signs of immunoglobulin deposition occurred at a slightly younger age than first signs of C3 deposition or histological change (mainly mesangial thickening). Insulin deposits were occasionally seen in the glomeruli of older mutant mice and immunoglobulin eluted from diabetic mouse kidneys had anti insulin activity. Increased anti-DNA activity was present in the serum of older mutants. In those mutants with severe hyperglycaemia, the macula densa and distal convoluted tubules also contained immunoglobulin deposits, probably derived from the glomerular mesangium. Urine from diabetic mice contained high molecular weight material reacting with antisera to Fab or kappa but not the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. We conclude that diabetic mice have immune complexes in the kidney containing antibodies against insulin and possibly other antigens. We find no evidence that hyperglycaemia itself is the direct cause of glomerular immune complex deposition, although there may be a link between hyperglycaemia and tubular dysfunction. PMID- 7018756 TI - Cellular immune reactions against pancreatic islets as a consequence of graft versus host disease. AB - We studied autoimmune reactions against pancreatic islets occurring as a consequence of defects of the immune system rather than after pathological changes in the endocrine organ itself. Immune dysregulation was induced by transfer of parental lymphocytes into semi-allogeneic F1 recipient mice (graft versus host reaction, GVHR). Recipients were killed 1 month after the induction of the disease. Pancreatic islets were screened by light microscopy for signs of lymphocytic infiltration (insulitis). Severe insulitis was found in all mice undergoing GVHR. The cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes was apparent in electron microscopic studies and affected only B cells. Infiltrations were not seen in the exocrine part of the pancreas nor in heart, liver or kidneys at this early stage of GVHR. It is concluded that non-specific disorders of the immune system induced by GVHR may lead to specific cellular autoimmune reactions against B cells of pancreatic islets. PMID- 7018757 TI - Defective Aspergillus killing by neutrophil leucocytes in a case of systemic aspergillosis. AB - A persistent defect of Aspergillus killing was observed in the neutrophils of a 6 year-old patient with a systemic A. fumigatus infection which was highly refractory to anti-mycotic therapy. Aspergillus phagocytosis in vitro was normal, but nearly 80% of the ingested organisms (versus 30% in the controls) survived intracellularly during the 2-hr assay period. The patient's neutrophils showed a subnormal frequency of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and a subnormal hexose monophosphate shunt activation in response to phagocytosis. The metabolic responsiveness, however, was clearly superior to that of chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils tested for comparison. The immune status of the patient and the following properties of his neutrophils were found to be normal: random and chemotactic motility, killing of S. aureus and C. albicans, and the contents of several granula enzymes. Our findings suggest the existence of neutrophil factors or functions which are required for killing Aspergillus, but not S. aureus and C. albicans. PMID- 7018758 TI - Polymorphonuclear neutrophil iodination response as an estimate of defective yeast opsonization. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophil iodide uptake can be used as a measure of yeast opsonization and optimal assay conditions are described for the identification of sera defective in this function. The use of standard normal and defective sera permits correction of inter-assay variations resulting from the use of different cell donors. The iodination assay correlated well (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) with a direct assay of yeast opsonization when both were used to measure this function in a panel of 72 sera. Differences in results between the two assay systems for some sera may be explained by a requirement for two different surface associated opsonic molecules in the initiation of neutrophil metabolic activity. PMID- 7018759 TI - In vitro cell-dependent lysis of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells mediated by antibody from local respiratory secretions. AB - Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus causes a local infection of the respiratory tract which is frequently severe in infants. We report the development in infected infants of antibodies in respiratory secretions capable of mediating in vitro destruction of RS virus-infected tissue culture cells in conjunction with non-immune lymphoid cells. The cytotoxic antibody activity was not detectable in nasal secretions from infants hospitalized with respiratory infections where RS virus was not identified. The rise in activity occurred concurrently with recovery from infection and the rise in specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibody levels measured by membrane immunofluorescence assay, but was dissociated from the development of plaque-neutralizing activity. In serum it appears that the cytotoxic antibody belongs to the IgG class as shown by its ability to cross the placenta and by neutralization with specific antiserum. These findings are discussed in relationship to secretory antibody responses in RS virus infection with respect to pathogenesis and recovery. PMID- 7018760 TI - Antisperm antibody titres, immune complex deposition and immunocompetence in long term vasectomized mice. PMID- 7018761 TI - Angiotensin and the cardiac baroreflex response to phenylephrine. AB - 1. In adult conscious sheep the pressor actions of infused angiotensin II were prevented by the concomitant intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside. The effect of such intravenous infusions of angiotensin II on the cardiac baroreflex response to transient rises in arterial pressure caused by intravenous phenylephrine was studied. 2. Intravenous infusion of angiotensin II caused a reduction in pulse interval in the absence of any change in arterial pressure. It also caused a reduction in baroreflex sensitivity measured by determining the relation between pulse interval and systolic pressure during the rise in pressure caused by injection of phenylephrine. 3. After administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) the mean baroreflex sensitivity of 3 of 4 pregnant ewes increased. 4. It is concluded that high levels of angiotensin II can modify the cardiac baroreceptor reflex response so that the heart rate is inappropriately high for a given systolic pressure and that it reduces the sensitivity of the cardiac baroreflex response to transient changes in arterial pressure. PMID- 7018762 TI - Studies in the rat on endralazine, a new antihypertensive drug structurally related to hydralazine. AB - 1. The effects on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma renin activity of a new hydralazine congener, endralazine, were evaluated in anaesthetized rats. Dose response relationships for endralazine, hydralazine and diazoxide, administered intravenously, were compared, and the interactions of endralazine with the ganglionic blocking agent, pentolinium, or with adrenaline, noradrenaline and angiotensin II were examined. 2. In the dose range 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg, endralazine produced prompt dose-related reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with relatively little effect on heart rate. The drug had a pronounced dose related renin stimulating effect. 3. Endralazine retained approximately 80% of its hypotensive activity after pretreatment with pentolinium, and caused no significant attenuation of pressor responses to adrenaline, noradrenaline or angiotensin II. 4. Endralazine was an effective hypotensive agent, with a prompt onset of action, a prolonged and stable effect, and a potency at least twice that of hydralazine and 20 to 25 times that of diazoxide. The data are consistent with a predominantly direct vasodilator mode of action. PMID- 7018763 TI - Functional organization of central cardiovascular pathways. PMID- 7018764 TI - Effect of sustained hypernatraemia on the renin-aldosterone system in the dog. AB - 1. To determine if increases in plasma sodium concentration P[Na] have any sustained effects of the renin-aldosterone system, P[Na] was increased in a group of six dogs over a period of 6 days by increasing sodium intake from 10 to 200 mmol per day while a fixed 700 ml per day water intake was maintained along with a continuous i.v. infusion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) at a rate of 2.4 units per day. 2. P[Na] rose from 137.3 +/- 2.0 to 153.6 +/- 6.5 mmol/l during the high intake period. Plasma potassium concentration, 22Na space, and mean arterial pressure all remained near control levels in response to Na loading. 3. Plasma renin activity (PRA) averaged 1.0 +/- 0.1 ngAI/ml per hour on the final low Na day and fell transiently to 0.6 +/- 0.2 ngAI/ml per hour on the first day of sodium loading. For the duration of the study it remained at the control level. Plasma aldosterone concentration fell from the low Na level of 15.4 +/- 2.4 ng/100 ml to 10.5 +/- 1.5 ng/100 ml on the final day of high Na intake. 4. We conclude that increases in P[Na] in the absence of concomitant changes in P[K], 22Na space and MAP do not have a sustained effect on control of renin release but may exert a negative effect on aldosterone secretion. PMID- 7018765 TI - Lack of prolonged effect of antidiuretic hormone on the renin-aldosterone system in the dog. AB - 1. The effects of maximally antidiuretic, subpressor antidiuretic hormone (ADH) administration of the renin-aldosterone system were studied in dogs during 4 days of continuous intravenous infusion of ADH at a rate of 0.067 mU/kg per min. Water intake was limited to 700 ml/day to avoid changes in fluid volume status. 2. At the conclusion of the four-day study, plasma sodium concentration had fallen from 140.3 +/- 0.8 to 137.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/l, plasma potassium concentration, 22Na space, and mean arterial pressure remained within the control ranges. 3. Neither plasma renin activity nor plasma aldosterone concentration showed any tendency to change in response to the ADH infusion. 4. The results indicate that physiological levels of ADH have no prolonged, direct effect on the renin aldosterone system. PMID- 7018767 TI - Nature of reconstitution with histoincompatible maternal marrow in a case of severe combined immunodeficiency with graft-versus-host disease following maternofetal transfusion. PMID- 7018766 TI - T-cell-dependent and independent plasma cell differentiation induced by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7018768 TI - Lymphoreticular cells within primary colorectal carcinoma: a surface marker study. PMID- 7018769 TI - IgM autoantibody to intermediate filaments in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. PMID- 7018770 TI - Serum-migration-inhibitory activity in children with acute infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7018771 TI - Post-transplant hypertension in the absence of rejection or recurrent disease. AB - Post-transplant hypertension was reviewed in 86 consecutive renal transplant recipients and occurred in 86 percent. In order to eliminate concomitant causes, those 16 of 86 patients in whom there had never been any rejection episode nor any recurrent diseases were further evaluated for the presence of hypertension. Follow-up period was 1-5 years. All 16 patients were hypertensive in the first postoperative weeks. Nine patients, all with various nephritides, had pre transplant hypertension, leading to pre-transplant nephrectomies in 5. Post transplant, all 9 were hypertensive in the first 6 months. By one year post transplant, blood pressure had normalized in 2 and was controlled on medication in 5 others. In contrast, none of the 7 other patients (all with structural lesions) had pre-transplant hypertension though three had pre-transplant nephrectomies. Only 2 of these 7 patients had post-transplant hypertension, mild in both. The experience demonstrates that prior hypertension correlates positively with post-transplant hypertension, irrespective of native kidney nephrectomies. Patients with previous nephritides carry the greatest risk of becoming hypertensive. Furthermore, the majority of young renal allograft recipients appears to develop hypertension, even in the absence of rejection or recurrent disease. PMID- 7018772 TI - The use of metabolites and analogues of vitamin D in prospective renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7018773 TI - Effects of furosemide-induced plasma volume reduction on plasma antidiuretic hormone in normal and hypertensive subjects. AB - Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was measured before and after furosemide administration in hypertensive patients (essential benign hypertensions with low plasma renin activity) and in normal subjects. Furosemide-induced reduction of plasma volume was about 10% after 2 hours. In normal subjects, plasma ADH rose progressively till the end of the study (1.5 pg/ml per hour corresponding to about 3 pg/ml per liter of plasma water lost) whereas it remained unchanged in hypertensive patients. There was an early increase of plasma renin activity (PRA) in normal subjects followed by a progressive fall. PRA response was blunted in hypertensive patients. These results show that volume-dependent ADH secretion is inhibited in patients with essential benign hypertension. PMID- 7018774 TI - Demonstration of a passive Heymann nephritis-like mechanism in a human kidney transplant. AB - The underlying mechanism of human extramembranous glomerulonephritis (EMGN) is generally thought to involve circulating immune complexes. Data presented here suggest that "in situ" formation of immune deposits may also be important in the pathogenesis of EMGN. We describe a patient with a "de novo" EMGN in a kidney transplant a few months after the graft placement. Before transplantation, the patient's serum contained antibodies reacting in vitro with rat kidney brush border, but serum concentration of these antibodies rapidly decreased prior to the onset of proteinuria. No circulating immune complexes were detected on serial serum samples from the patients. Antibodies which were eluted from the kidney transplant biopsy were shown to react with the brush-border of the proximal convoluted tubule of rat kidney. We postulate that "in situ" formation of immune complexes within the glomerular capillary walls, and not circulating immune complexes, is the pathogenic mechanism responsible for the glomerular lesions of this case of EMGN. PMID- 7018776 TI - Adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer. PMID- 7018775 TI - Renal venous renin activity in various forms of curable renal hypertension. AB - The diagnostic and predictive value of renal venous renin determinations was investigated in 73 patients who had various forms of hypertension associated with unilateral renal disease and who were operated upon. Patients with fibromuscular hyperplasia showed a markedly higher cure rate than cases with arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis (64% vs. 25%) and were less frequently not improved (4% vs. 12%). Patients with unilateral (non-vascular) small kidney and patients with unilateral hydronephrosis showed comparable high cure rates (53% and 50%, respectively), whereas in no patient with a unilateral renal cyst did postoperative blood pressure return to normal. In the present study no statistically significant correlation was found between postoperative pressure reduction and PRA-ratios in either the whole group of patients or in the various subgroups. A negative PRA-ratio (less than or equal to 1.4) was found in 36% of all cured patients. In particular, cured patients with fibromuscular hyperplasia showed a high percentage (38%) of falsely negative tests. As expected, characteristic differences were observed in simple clinical data between cured and improved patients. Patients with normal postoperative blood pressure were significantly young (34.7 +/- 13.6 years) than improved cases (47.3 +/- 10.8 years; P less than 0.001) and cured patients showed lower preoperative blood pressure values (192 +/- 29/119 +/- 15) than improved ones (214 +/- 31/126 +/-117 mm Hg). Thus our results document a limited prognostic value of renal venous renin determination in patients with hypertension due to unilateral renal disease. PMID- 7018777 TI - Hip endoprosthesis stabilization with a porous low modulus stem coating: factors influencing stabilization. AB - A polytetrafluoroethylene/vitreous carbon porous material has been investigated as an alternative to acrylic for hip endoprosthesis fixation. This material, which is mechanically fused to the endoprosthesis stem, has been shown to promote soft-tissue ingrowth. In 29 patients receiving a porous-coated Thompson endoprosthesis, stabilization of the porous-coated stem as observed by acceptable clinical results occurred in only about 50%. Stabilization of porous-coated endoprostheses is unsatisfactory for the following reasons: lack of press-fit, inadequate prosthetic design, infection, and technical difficulties. The major cause of 40% failure in this series was an initially inadequate press-fit. PMID- 7018778 TI - Results of patellar realignment in patients older than thirty. AB - A retrospective study of patellar realignment procedures was performed on patients over the age of 30 years, with a mean follow-up of 32 months on 16 operated-on-knees in 14 patients. The best results were achieved in patients with preoperative apprehension and compression signs, as well as a typical history for patellar subluxation. when these signs were absent after operation, the result was better than seen in patients whose clinical signs persisted. There was no correlation of results with the grade of chondromalacia noted at surgery. Good or excellent results were achieved in about 75% of the patients. An accurate preoperative diagnosis in the selection of operative candidates is imperative. PMID- 7018779 TI - Late infection of total hip arthroplasty with Propionibacterium acnes: a case and review of the literature. AB - A 24-year-old woman had a Propionibacterium acnes infection of a total hip arthroplasty. The clinical course of an infection with this organism has been previously described in detail. The radiologic appearance of a well-circumscribed lytic defect in the femoral shaft is also an unusual if not unique presentation of late infection after total hip arthroplasty. Moreover, simple excision of this infected nidus coupled with antibiotic therapy achieved a complete clinical recovery, in sharp contrast to the more radical procedures generally required for other infections. The predominance of this organism in skin flora, as well as its presence as a contaminant in the operating room environment, implicates Propionibacterium acnes as a potential intraoperative pathogen. PMID- 7018780 TI - The Classic. A conservative operation for bunions by Earl Duwain McBride, M.D. (1891-1975). PMID- 7018781 TI - Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: etiology. AB - Of 73 patients in whom 122 lesions of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee developed, nearly half had multiple lesions and 30% were of short stature. Endogenous and exogenous traumas play a minor role in the etiology of this disorder. Over half of the children with a history of trauma had bilateral and symmetrical lesions. Constitutional factors, such as hereditary predisposition, endocrine dysfunction, collagen and epiphyseal abnormalities, are frequently associated with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. PMID- 7018783 TI - Calcium phosphate ceramics as hard tissue prosthetics. PMID- 7018782 TI - Current concepts of the physiology and biochemistry of calcification. AB - The current picture of the process of biological calcifications portrays the cells within the calcifying tissues as central factors controlling the deposition of mineral crystals in the extracellular matrix. The cell responds to hormones and second messengers, and other changes in its environment, regulating the concentration of ions within the extracellular matrix and secreting macromolecules whose properties determine the ability of the matrix to be calcified. The mitochondria within the cells accumulate calcium and phosphate, releasing these ions into the matrix as calcification progresses. Extracellular matrix vesicles, derived from the cells of some, but not all, calcifying matrices, provide sites for initial mineral deposition in many tissues. Among the macromolecules secreted by the cell, collagen provides the support for the hydroxyapatite crystals; proteoglycans serve to control the extent and/or progress of mineralization. The proteoglycans, glycoproteins, enzymes and the collagen itself, along with the cells, determine the nature of the matrix, while phosphoproteins, proteolipids, and phospholipids may serve as hydroxyapatite nucleators or as surfaces upon which apatite is deposited. but it is the interaction of many or all of these factors that determines the process of biological calcification and controls the properties of the calcified matrices. PMID- 7018784 TI - The arthritic great toe metatarsophalangeal joint: a review of flexible silicone implant arthroplasty from two medical centers. AB - A review of 159 feet with double-stem silicone implants in the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was conducted in two medical centers. The majority of patients had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Follow-up evaluations ranging between 18 months and six years indicate that pain relief was present in all cases with most having complete relief of pain. Hallux valgus was corrected in most and a functional range of motion as well as good muscle strength was restored. The stability provided by the procedure has improved the postoperative alignment of the lateral MTP joints from which the metatarsal heads had been excised. Operative technique must be precise and tissues must be handled and prepared for the implant with care. PMID- 7018785 TI - Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. AB - A review of the literature attests to a place for arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe in the management of hallux valgus and rigidus. The predictability and consistency of the result of arthrodesis is noted with good results in approximately 90% of cases. The functional excellence and durability of such a result are impressive. The procedure is particularly indicated in patients with hallux rigidus and hallux valgus associated with metatarsalgia. There are a number of operative techniques, but the cone arthrodesis procedure described by Wilson is probably nearest to the ideal. PMID- 7018786 TI - [The epidemiological and clinical studies of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018788 TI - Levamisole treatment in acute hepatitis. AB - Fifty-six and forty patients with acute icteric hepatitis were given levamisole and placebo, respectively, for the first 3 days of a week of the disease for 2 weeks, and continued through the third and fourth weeks if their hepatitis was not resolved. Liver functions of the levamisole-treated patients became normal slightly faster than the controls'. The normalization time of transaminases was found barely significantly shorter in the levamisole-treated group than in the controls (p less than 0.05). Additional studies with larger groups of antigenetically different types of hepatitis are warranted to determine whether treatment with levamisole might lessen the chances of developing chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7018790 TI - Triamterene-thiazide combination: alternative therapy for primary aldosteronism. AB - The hypertension and hypokalemia of primary aldosteronism are related to excessive aldosterone secretion. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, is used in high doses to treat the disorder, but it may induce a number of side effects that can limit its use. We investigated the feasibility of treating a group of eight patients with hyperaldosteronism with a triamterene-thiazide combination to induce volume depletion and increase serum potassium concentration. All patients responded with normalization or near normalization of blood pressure. Serum potassium could be maintained within the normal range with or without potassium supplements in all but one patient. The effectiveness of the therapy suggests that thiazide-triamterene treatment may offer an alternative in some patients with primary aldosteronism who do not tolerate spironolactone. PMID- 7018789 TI - Congenital dislocation of the hip. A review. AB - Congenital dislocation of the hip usually results from capsular stretching caused by fetal malposition and crouching late in the third trimester. Early recognition of hip dislocation or instability soon after birth permits prompt treatment. Ortolani's and Barlow's maneuvers, respectively, reduce into and displace from the acetabulum a femoral head that is insecurely contained therein. The diagnosis of CDH in the first month of life usually depends on these clinical components of the physical examination of the newborn, because similar device, in this age group can usually maintain the displaced hip in sufficient flexion and abduction to permit reduction and normal development. By 3 months of age, the nuclei of the pelvis and upper femur have ossified enough to permit radiologic diagnosis of CDH. Problems related to treatment increase as the child grows older. In infants up to 6 months of age, closed methods with a harness usually succeed. Beyond 6 months, the soft tissues shorten and prevent easy reduction. These patients almost always require pre-reduction traction. An adductor tenotomy also facilitates reduction and apparently lessens compressive forces on the femoral head, an important consideration in preventing avascular necrosis of the head. Children over 1 year old develop bony changes, such as excessive femoral valgus and anteversion and deformity of the acetabulum. Treatment in these patients requires realignment of bony deformities with femoral or pelvic osteotomies in addition to the measures noted previously. The gentleness and high success rate of early treatment make early diagnosis of CDH an important consideration in infants and newborns. PMID- 7018792 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in patients with previous cardiac transplantation. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was performed in seven long-term cardiac transplant survivors who were undergoing selective coronary arteriography as a screening test for immune mediated coronary atherosclerosis. The radionuclide studies showed fixed defects in all patients, though none was known to have had a myocardial infarction. Such abnormalities may be due to previous rejection episodes. Reversible ('ischaemic') defects were present in two patients with triple vessel disease, and were also seen in three subjects with minor (less than 50% luminal diameter) stenosis. Ischaemic thallium-201 defects in cardiac transplant recipients indicate the presence of coronary artery disease, though the stenosis may be of a degree which would normally be considered haemodynamically non-significant. The possible role of small vessel disease in producing these defects is discussed. PMID- 7018787 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of the non-depolarising muscle relaxants. AB - Muscle relaxants are of great benefit to the anaesthetist as adjuncts to anaesthesia. These drugs are used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to reduce muscle tone during surgery, and may also find application in assisting ventilator care in the intensive care situation. The pharmacological effect of the relaxants may be readily assessed by the anaesthetist by means of a variety of techniques to quantify muscular activity in response to electrical stimulation. A number of factors may modify the effects of the muscle relaxants including anaesthetic agents, hypothermia, patient age and disease status and a variety of drugs. The disposition kinetics of the muscle relaxants have been well characterised although information on protein binding and placental transfer is somewhat scanty. A common characteristic of their pharmacokinetics is multicompartmental behaviour. Clearance of the relaxants ranges from total elimination by the kidneys (gallamine) to substantial hepatic clearance (fazadinium), and thus their clearance may be adversely affected by renal or hepatic disease. Dosage regimens have been designed using knowledge of the disposition kinetics of the relaxants to provide for continuous adequate relaxation during prolonged surgical procedures. With the use of sophisticated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models good relationships have been demonstrated between plasma concentrations of the relaxants throughout the entire range of relaxant response. PMID- 7018791 TI - Effects of prostacyclin infusion in uremic patients: hematologic and hemodynamic responses. AB - The effects of sequential prostacyclin infusions at 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min for 1 hr were determined in six patients with chronic renal failure. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in a dose-dependent fashion from 74 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 70 +/- 4, 66 +/- 5, and 55 +/- 5 during the 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min infusions, respectively; systolic blood pressure was not affected by prostacyclin. The fall in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a progressive rise in heart rate from 77 +/- 3 to 91 +/- 4 bpm and lowering of body temperature from 36.7 +/- 0.1 to 36 +/- 0.2 degrees. The threshold concentration of adenosine diphosphate that evoked reversible and irreversible platelet aggregation increased progressively from 1.2 to 2.8 and from 2.8 to 6 microM, respectively, during the prostacyclin infusions. Prostacyclin infusions had no effect on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or platelet count, but template bleeding time increased (not statistically significantly) from 5.8 to 12.3 min. In three of six patients, the 8 ng/kg/min infusion was terminated prematurely due to nausea, vomiting, and/or hypotension. We conclude that platelet aggregability can be inhibited in patients with chronic uremia by infusing 4 ng/kg/min prostacyclin without causing untoward side effects. When infused at hemodynamically tolerable doses, prostacyclin might serve as an in vivo inhibitor of platelet aggregation during hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7018793 TI - Angiotensin II and sodium as determinants of the agonistic--antagonistic balance of saralasin's actions. PMID- 7018794 TI - Effect of the converting-enzyme inhibitor SQ 14 225 (captopril) in early one kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Arterial plasma renin activity was significantly elevated in rats with one kidney, one-clip hypertension of less than 3 weeks duration. 2. Intraperitoneal injection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14 225 (captopril) caused a dose-related decrease in systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The lowest dose of captopril used (3.5 mg/kg) inhibited conversion of exogenous angiotensin I and maximally potentiated the depressor response to bradykinin, but failed to restore blood pressure to that of the normotensive controls. 3. Removal of the solitary clipped kidney also did not restore blood pressure to normal. Injection of captopril (3.5 mg/kg) 24 h after nephrectomy, when no circulating renin activity was detectable, lowered blood pressure further in hypertensive but not in similarly nephrectomized controls. 4. These results indicate that raised blood pressure in early one-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat cannot be entirely attributed to the renin-angiotensin system, even when plasma renin activity is significantly increased. 5. This study has also confirmed a hypotensive action of captopril in anephric rats when plasma renin activity is undetectable. PMID- 7018796 TI - Renin and aldosterone release during sympathetic stimulation in tetraplegia. AB - 1. The effect of endogenous sympathetic stimulation (induced by urinary bladder stimulation) and intravenous infusion of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on blood pressure, heart rate and levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were studied in six tetraplegic patients. Data from infusion studies were compared with data from six normal subjects studied in an identical manner. 2. Bladder stimulation in the tetraplegic patients caused a marked rise in blood pressure and fall in heart rate, but no change in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. 3. Noradrenaline infusion resulted in an enchanced pressor response in the tetraplegic patients when compared with the normal subjects. Heart rate fell in both groups. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 4. Isoprenaline infusion caused a fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the tetraplegic patients, unlike the normal subjects in whom there was a rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic blood pressure. Heart rate and plasma renin activity rose in both groups. Plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 5. We conclude that in tetraplegic patients neither endogenous sympathetic stimulation by bladder stimulation nor infusion of noradrenaline raises plasma renin activity. Isoprenaline increases plasma renin activity to the same extent as in normal subjects. Renin release mechanisms in tetraplegic patients therefore do not appear to be hypersensitive to catecholamines. Plasma aldosterone is not influenced by any of the stimuli. PMID- 7018795 TI - Inactive renin in rabbit plasma: effect of frusemide. AB - 1. An inactive form of renin exists in rabbit plasma. This can be activated, and therefore measured, after acidification (pH 2.8). 2. The effect of frusemide diuresis, with replacement of volume losses, on plasma levels of active and inactive renin was studied over a 3 1/2 h time course. Plasma active renin increased during frusemide diuresis but inactive renin disappeared from the circulation. The time courses for the changes in the two forms of renin were similar. 3. The peak of the frusemide-induced changes in renal function (urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion and creatinine clearance) preceded the maximum changes in the two forms of renin by 90 min. 4. The response of plasma levels of inactive renin to physiological stimuli depends on the nature of the stimulus, as well as its duration. Some form of sodium-sensitive mechanism may control the activation of inactive renin. PMID- 7018797 TI - Effect of chronic and acute changes in sodium balance on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in normal man. AB - 1. The effects of changes in sodium balance on renal prostaglandins have been hitherto studied mainly in experimental animals and the results have been controversial. In this study the 24 h urinary excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay in seven normal subjects under basal conditions and after 5 days of a diet containing less than 20 mmol of sodium/day. Subsequently a sodium chloride (150 mmol/l: saline) load (300 mmol of sodium over 4 h) was infused and prostaglandins were again measured in hourly urine collections. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone were also measured under basal conditions, after the low sodium diet and at 2 and 4 h of the saline infusion. 2. Dietary sodium restriction was associated with a marked increase in prostaglandin E2 excretion (from 769.7 +/- 201.6 SEM to 1761.3 +/- 304.9 ng/24 h, P less than 0.0005). Prostaglandin F2 alpha also increased from 1187.0 +/- 390.1 to 1435.6 +/ 344.6 ng/24 h, but this was not statistically significant. The prostaglandin E2/prostaglandin F2 alpha ratio increased from 0.83 +/- 0.2 to 1.52 +/- 0.34 (P less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity and aldosterone rose significantly (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.0025 respectively). 3. During the saline load prostaglandin E2 decreased after 2 h from 142.4 +/- 29.9 to 86.7 +/- 22.9 ng/h (P less than 0.05) and to 36.9 +/- 5.96 ng/h after 4 h. Prostaglandin F2 alpha decreased at a slower rate, from 98.4 +/- 18.7 to 37.5 +/- 8.8 ng/h at 4 h (P less than 0.02). At 4 h the prostaglandin E2/prostaglandin F2 alpha ratio returned to control values (0.90 +/- 0.17). Plasma renin activity and aldosterone decreased significantly after 2 h (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.0025 respectively) and reached control values after 4 h. 4. The present study demonstrates that chronic and acute changes in sodium balance induce changes in the excretion of prostaglandin E2 parallel to changes in plasma renin activity and aldosterone. The similar but quantitatively smaller changes in prostaglandin F2 alpha and the inversion of the ratio between the two prostaglandins during sodium deprivation suggest that at least two factors are involved: increased delivery of substrate for prostaglandin synthase and decreased activity of the prostaglandin E1 9-keto-reductase. Prostaglandins probably play an important role in the adaptation of the kidney to changes in sodium balance. PMID- 7018798 TI - Effects of methandienone on the performance and body composition of men undergoing athletic training. AB - 1. In a previous study of the effects of methandienone (Dianabol) on men undergoing athletic training, strength and performance increased, but not significantly more when the subjects were taking the drug than when they were taking placebo. The subjects did, however, gain more weight on the drug, with increases in total body potassium and muscle dimensions. It remained an open question whether the muscles had gained normal tissue or intracellular fluid. 2. In an attempt to distinguish between these possibilities the trial has been repeated, using as subjects seven male weight-lifters in regular training, and including measurements of total body nitrogen. As before, a dose of 100 mg of methandienone/day was given alternately with the placebo in a double-blind crossover experiment. The treatment periods lasted 6 weeks and were separated by an interval of 6 weeks. Body weight, potassium and nitrogen, muscle size, and leg performance and strength increased significantly during training on the drug, but not during the placebo period. 3. The finding of increased body nitrogen suggested that the weight gain was not only intracellular fluid. The increases in body potassium (436 +/- SEM 41 mmol) and nitrogen (255 +/- 69 g) were too large in proportion to the weight gain (2.3 +/- 0.4 kg) for this to be attributed to gain of normal muscle or other lean tissue, and imply gain of nitrogen-rich, phosphate-poor substance. Although this action of methandienone might be described as anabolic, the weight gain produced is not normal muscle. PMID- 7018799 TI - Neurogenic hypertension revisited. PMID- 7018800 TI - Renin response to volume contraction and indomethacin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. The effects of volume contraction and indomethacin on renin response were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats. Volume contraction was induced by frusemide or by salt-restricted diet combined with frusemide administration. 2. Plasma renin levels were not altered by either procedure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (5.2 +/- 0.8 versus 5.6 +/- 0.9 ng h 1 ml-1). Normotensive rats responded to volume contraction with a sharp increase in plasma renin activity (13.1 +/- 1.2 to 23.3 +/- 1.1 ng h-1 ml-1). 3. Intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin for 1 week did not alter basal renin levels in either group. In contrast, indomethacin pretreatment caused renin to rise in response to frusemide in spontaneously hypertensive rats (4.7 +/- 0.8 to 27.1 +/- 1.8 ng h-1 ml-1). 4. These findings suggest that a prostaglandin normally inhibits the renin response of spontaneously hypertensive rats to frusemide-induced volume contraction. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis allows volume contraction to stimulate renin release. PMID- 7018801 TI - Postprandial thermogenesis in obesity. AB - 1. The thermogenic response and changes in plasma substrates and hormones were tested after a liquid meal in lean, obese and formerly obese women. 2. Subjects with a family history of obesity tested either while obese or after slimming to a normal weight had a thermogenic response, which was only half that of the lean group. 3. The immediate response in plasma glucose and insulin was greater in the lean subjects, but the sustained changes in circulating substrates did not differ in the three groups. Thyroidal hormone concentrations did not alter postprandially: venous noradrenaline levels rose in the obese groups only. 4. The differences in postprandial thermogenesis at rest would reduce the energy requirements of subjects with familial obesity, but they still had a metabolic rate estimated to be nearly 1MJ (240 kcal)/day in excess of the lean group so additional thermogenic defects must exist for familial obesity to be explained solely on a metabolic basis. PMID- 7018802 TI - Caffeine: its effect on catecholamines and metabolism in lean and obese humans. AB - 1. The metabolic response of lean and obese women to caffeine was studied to see if caffeine could be used to demonstrate the subnormal thermogenesis in obesity previously shown after standard meals or intravenous infusions of noradrenaline. 2. The rise in resting metabolic rate with caffeine was similar in the lean and obese groups and beta-adrenoceptor blockade did not reduce the increment in metabolic rate in either group. These responses did not, therefore, correspond with the other subnormal thermogenic responses of the constitutionally obese. 3. In a post-obese group, i.e. previously obese women who were now of normal weight, there was a reduced response of the resting metabolic rate to caffeine. 4. Monitoring plasma substrate concentrations showed that the change in oxygen uptake corresponded to changes in plasma free fatty acids, so that in adults the metabolic effects of caffeine seem to be mediated by increases in adipocyte lipolysis. This effect seems to be mainly independent of the adrenergic system. PMID- 7018803 TI - Age-related decrease in cardiac and peripheral vascular responsiveness to isoprenaline: studies in normal subjects. AB - 1. Changes in forearm blood flow to intra-arterial infusion of isoprenaline and the chronotropic response to intravenous boluses of isoprenaline were measured in 15 healthy volunteer subjects, eight younger than 25 years and seven older than 50 years. Intra-arterial blood pressure and basal plasma renin activity, adrenaline and noradrenaline were also measured. 2. Young subjects exhibited a greater increase in forearm blood flow than old subjects, to all four doses of isoprenaline used, a greater cardiac isoprenaline responsiveness (measured by the increase in heart rate; P less than 0.001) and a higher renin (P less than 0.02). 3. Resting values of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, adrenaline and noradrenaline were not significantly different in young and old subjects. In the latter, noradrenaline correlated with forearm blood flow (r = -0.77, P less than 0.05), forearm vascular resistance (r = 0.86, P less than 0.02) and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.83, P less than 0.02), whereas in the younger subjects forearm blood flow was related to adrenaline (r = 0.78, P less than 0.05). 4. These data provide evidence for an age-related parallel reduction in cardiac, peripheral vascular and renal beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses. PMID- 7018804 TI - Captopril combined with thiazide lowers renin substrate concentration: implications for methodology in renin assays. AB - 1. We have measured plasma concentrations of renin, renin substrate and angiotensins I and II as well as plasma renin activity in nine patients with severe or malignant hypertension during treatment with captopril, hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol. 2. On captopril and hydrochlorothiazide the plasma concentrations of renin substrate and angiotensin II decreased markedly, while renin and angiotensin I levels were increased. 3. The changes in renin substrate concentration suggest a consumption of substrate induced by an increased renin release. Further, the positive feedback of angiotensin II on hepatic renin substrate synthesis may be inhibited. 4. The sequential changes in renin release during captopril treatment should be monitored by measuring plasma renin concentration since plasma renin activity measurements will be profoundly influenced by the marked changes in plasma renin substrate concentration. PMID- 7018806 TI - Peptide transport. PMID- 7018805 TI - Altitude and the human pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7018807 TI - Effects of salt and water depletion on the early phase of hypertension in Goldblatt two-kidney hypertensive dogs. AB - 1. Hypertension was induced in dogs by partial occlusion of one renal artery, the opposite kidney remaining intact, and the changes in blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone and prostaglandin E (PGE) were monitored. 2. Two days after induction of hypertension, the retained sodium and water were removed by haemodialysis and the animals were then maintained on a low dietary intake of sodium for the following 7 days. 3. Removal of the accumulated sodium and water had no immediate effect on blood pressure, but during the ensuring 7 days there was a small decrease in blood pressure, which again increased after re institution of a normal sodium intake. 4. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone increased during development of hypertension and remained elevated during the period of sodium restriction. 5. Sodium and water retained during the development of hypertension was not responsible for the elevated blood pressure. 6. The concentration of PGE in arterial plasma and renal venous plasma from the unclamped kidney were unchanged during the study, although we have previously shown that in the absence of sodium depletion, PGE rises. 7. PGE released from the kidney may be important in mediating the excretion of sodium and water that is retained during the development of renal hypertension. PMID- 7018808 TI - Proteinase activity of human renin preparations: the International Reference Preparation (Renin Standard 68/356). AB - 1. Several commonly used preparations of human renin, including the International Reference Preparation (Renin Standard 68/356), were examined for the presence of contaminating proteinase activity by using a 14C-glycinated bovine haemoglobin substrate assay. 2. All of the human renin preparations tested cleaved haemoglobin even in the presence o di-isopropylfluorophosphate and ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA). For a given amount of renin activity, varying amounts of proteinase activity were seen. The pH optimum also varied between preparations. 3. Small peptide inhibitors of human renin were not able to inhibit the proteinase activity. Furthermore a diazoacyl reagent and pepstatin, both potent inhibitors of aspartic acid-active site proteinases, were only partially inhibitory. 4. These and other observations suggest that the proteinase activity of the human renin preparations is not due to renin itself, but to contaminating proteinases of different types. Since these enzymes may produce angiotensin I or peptides which may interfere in renin assays, crude preparations of renin which contain proteinase activity, including the International Reference Preparation, should be used with caution or replaced by proteinase-free human renin which can be easily prepared by use of suitable affinity chromatography. PMID- 7018809 TI - Properties of a renin inhibitor isolated from the pig kidney cortex. AB - 1. A renin-inhibitory material has been partially purified from soluble extracts of the pig kidney cortex by ammonium sulphate precipitation and diethylaminoethylcellulose (DEAE) chromatography and its properties studied. 2. It displayed competitive type kinetics. It did not inhibit cathepsin D, carboxypeptidase A, pancreatic kallikrein or trypsin. 3. Renins from dogs, rabbit and rat were inhibited, but not those from sheep or man, when assayed with pig angiotensinogen. 4. The material was inactivated by treatment with trypsin, N ethylmaleimide or p-chloromercuribenzoate. 5. Renin-inhibitory activity was not found in plasma from peripheral blood of pigs. 6. It is concluded that the function of the renin inhibitor in the renal cortex of the pig may be restricted to the intrarenal environment. PMID- 7018810 TI - Effect of haemorrhage on renin concentration in superficial and deep venous outflows of the cat kidney. AB - 1. Plasma renin concentration is significantly higher in the subcapsular venous outflow, which drains the superficial cortex, than in the deep venous outflow, which drains the inner half of the cortex and medulla of the cat kidney. The purpose of these experiments was to observe whether this pattern is preserved or disrupted by a stimulus to renin release. 2. Plasma renin concentration in arterial samples and in the superficial and deep renal venous outflows was measured before and after haemorrhage which produced a 24 +/- 6.7% drop in mean blood pressure in 13 cats. 3. After haemorrhage, total kidney plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly. There was a rise in arterial plasma renin concentration. Venous minus arterial plasma renin concentration increased significantly in the deep venous outflow, but not in the superficial outflow. 4. The results suggest that both superficial and deep cortical venous drainage of the cat kidney should be considered when measuring renal renin release. In addition, they suggest that there may be differences in the response of superficial and deep juxtaglomerular apparatuses to haemorrhage. PMID- 7018811 TI - The disposition of intravenous potassium in normal man: the role of insulin. AB - 1. Potassium infusion causes an increase in immunoreactive insulin levels in dogs, but either a small (30%) or no increase in humans. Since insulin stimulates the uptake of K+ by cells, a regulatory role for K+-induced insulin release has been postulated. To study the role of insulin in regulating cellular K+ uptake, six fasting normal volunteer subjects underwent two K+ infusions on separate days. Both infusions delivered 0.6 mmol h-1 kg-1 for 3 h. In one subject glucose was simultaneously infused at 0.67 mmol h-1 kg-1 (a rate known to increase peripheral insulin levels by 40-100%); the other infusion contained no glucose. 2. Plasma insulin levels did not increase during the glucose-free infusions. During glucose-containing infusions, insulin levels were 40% higher than those during glucose-free infusions. Despite this, neither urinary potassium excretion nor the increment in plasma K+ concentration or the calculated cellular K+ uptake differed significantly during the 3 h of glucose-free and glucose-containing infusions respectively. 3. These data do not support the view that potassium induced insulin secretion regulates cellular potassium uptake within the physiological range of plasma K+ concentration. PMID- 7018812 TI - Impaired response of plasma renin activity to tilting after renal transplantation. AB - 1. Changes in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline, pulse rate and blood pressure after tilting were measured in normal subjects and in patients with renal transplants. 2. There was a marked difference between the renin responses in the two groups, the increases in plasma renin activity in the control subjects being much greater than those in the transplanted patients. 3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system after tilting, as indicated by changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline, was similar in the two groups. 4. We conclude that the ability of the transplanted kidney to increase plasma renin activity after tilting is impaired, probably as a result of sympathetic denervation of the kidney during transplantation. The results suggest a dominant role of the sympathetic nervous system in the mediation of renin release after tilting. PMID- 7018813 TI - Acute effects of captopril on blood pressure and circulating hormone levels in salt-replete and depleted normal subjects and essential hypertensive patients. AB - 1. The acute effects of a single oral dose of captopril on blood pressure, pulse rate and circulating levels of angiotensin I (ANG I), angiotensin II (ANG II), renin, bradykinin and catecholamines were studied in three groups: eight normal subjects, six salt-depleted normal subjects and 16 patients with essential hypertension. 2. Captopril treatment did not cause any significant fall in supine blood pressure in salt-replete normal subjects or patients with untreated essential hypertension but was associated with a fall in mean blood pressure from 85 +/- 2 to 75 +/- 2 mmHg in salt-depleted normal subjects and from 131 +/- 7 to 117 +/- 5 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension treated with diuretics. There was no change in pulse rate in any group. 3. Hormonal responses to captopril were qualitatively similar in the three groups and consisted of significant falls in ANG II with corresponding increases in ANG I and plasma renin concentration. The changes in plasma renin concentration and ANG I were greater in salt-depleted normal subjects (mean values at 90 min were 1140% and 990% of basal levels respectively) than in salt-replete normal subjects (410%, 190%) and were blunted in patients with essential hypertension (140%, 120%). Blood bradykinin, noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations did not change after captopril in any group. 4. The parallel fall in blood pressure and ANG II levels in salt-depleted normal subjects is consistent with maintenance of blood pressure by increased levels of ANG II in sodium depletion. 5. The failure of captopril to reduce acutely blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension despite suppression of plasma ANG II and without change in circulating bradykinin confirms that the renin-angiotensin system does not play a primary role in essential hypertension. PMID- 7018814 TI - The effects of meclofenamate, captopril and phentolamine on organ blood flow in the conscious rabbit. AB - 1. Systemic and regional vascular changes were measured in conscious rabbits after intravenous sodium meclofenamate, captopril and phentolamine. These drugs were used respectively to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and angiotensin converting enzyme, and to block alpha-adrenoceptors. 2. Meclofenamate reduced renal and adrenal blood flow by 11 and 28% respectively, and doubled hepatic artery flow. The effect on renal and adrenal flow persisted in the presence of phentolamine. 3. Captopril decreased estimated peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output without changing arterial pressure. Kidney and adrenal flow increased by 70 and 21% respectively. 4. Phentolamine reduced arterial pressure and doubled flow to skeletal muscle and increased hepatic artery flow to the liver. 5. Splenic blood flow was unaffected by meclofenamate, captopril or phentolamine alone. Meclofenamate given after captopril caused a halving of splenic flow and a rise in arterial pressure; these effects were prevented by phentolamine. 6. The results point to a continuing effect of prostaglandin synthesis in maintaining blood flow to the kidney and adrenal gland independent of alpha-adrenoceptor activation in resting conscious rabbits. An important modulating effect of prostaglandins on sympathetic vascular tone in the spleen is suggested. PMID- 7018815 TI - Acute cervical spine injuries. PMID- 7018816 TI - Breast lumps. PMID- 7018817 TI - Development of the musculoskeletal system. PMID- 7018818 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of pathology of the liver and bile ducts. Introduction: From anxiety to the lesion]. PMID- 7018819 TI - [Treatment with 5-fluorouracil: randomized study comparing an oral preparation with intravenous administration]. PMID- 7018820 TI - [Atenolol in essential arterial hypertension: clinical experience]. PMID- 7018822 TI - [Current studies of the clinical aspects and drug therapy of biliary calculosis in the elderly]. PMID- 7018821 TI - [Effects on long-term treatment with indapamide in subjects with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7018823 TI - [Therapy of diabetic angiopathies]. PMID- 7018824 TI - [Tricyclics, MAOI and electroshock therapy in the treatment of depressive syndromes]. PMID- 7018825 TI - [Antihypertensive drugs: effects, undesired secondary effects and pharmacological interactions]. PMID- 7018826 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhages: diagnosis and diet therapy]. PMID- 7018827 TI - Nosocomial pneumonia. PMID- 7018828 TI - Idiotypic regulation in immune networks. PMID- 7018829 TI - Endotoxin-cell-membrane interactions leading to transmembrane signaling. PMID- 7018830 TI - Preparation, properties, and applications of carbohydrate conjugates of proteins and lipids. AB - As a result of the growing awareness of the involvement of the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cell surface recognition and binding phenomena, a wide variety of methods have been developed, many quite recently, for preparing glycoconjugates. The chemical methods used for the attachment of sugars and certain hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol) are discussed, as are the effects of such modifications on various properties of the protein (immune response, thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis, clearance, and specific binding to cell surface receptors). Enzymatic approaches to glycoconjugate preparation are also considered, and several examples are given of the preparation of model glycolipids, useful in studying cell surface phenomena. In a final section, three areas are considered in which rapid advances seem likely to occur: improved methods for the preparation of glycoconjugates; direct modification of cell surface glycoconjugates; and modification for the purpose of studying location and environment of membrane glycoconjugates. PMID- 7018831 TI - Adenine in blood preservation. AB - The recent Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) approval of a new blood preservative (CPDA-1) which contains adenine not only introduces a new blood product into the American blood banking system, but also heralds the advent of novel approaches to blood product preservation. The use of adenine to effect maintenance of red cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and hence to prolong storability, has a well-founded biochemical rationale. Effects of adenine on red cell metabolism are generally well understood, but effects on other blood components have not been fully delineated. The efficacy of adenine preservatives in enhancing the duration of red cell storage appears to outweigh the small risk of toxicity from free adenine. Clinical use of millions of units of adenine preserved blood in Europe during more than a decade has resulted in only one report of possible adenine toxicity. Marginal acceptability of 24-hr 51Cr red cell recovery of packed red cells stored for 35 days in CPDA-1 has stimulated development and evaluation of an improved preservative (CPDA-2) which may extend blood storability beyond 35 days. A heightened awareness of the hematological consequences of prolonged storage has come with the extension of blood storage beyond 21 days. The concepts of component-specific preservation systems and optimal preservation systems have emerged as a result of experimentation on adenine preservatives. While the influence of adenine preservatives on American blood banking is yet to become manifest, the ultimte impact of adenine on blood preservation may be the development of novel systems which optimally preserve specific blood components at the option of the user. PMID- 7018832 TI - Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. AB - Infection with RSV is one of the most common respiratory viral infections in childhood, particularly in infants under 1 year of age. The disease is characterized by epidemic proportions of infection which occur regularly in all parts of the world in the winter months. The spectrum of the clinical disease is quite variable, and the infection may present as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, or exacerbation of pre-existing reactive airway disease. Recent evidence has suggested that RSV infection may be frequently associated with apnea in infancy and possibly sudden-infant-death syndrome. Although the laboratory diagnosis of this infection can be successfully accomplished by any well-known and conventional procedures, such as tissue culture infectivity and determination of serologic response, recently it has become possible to diagnose the infection very rapidly by application of such techiques as immunofluorescent staining and enzyme-linked immunonoabsorbent assay (ELISA). PMID- 7018833 TI - CT in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. PMID- 7018834 TI - Computed tomography in the renal transplant patient: problems in interpretation. AB - Fluid collections associated with a transplanted kidney can be easily imaged and classified by Hounsfield Unit (HU) into definite categories (2). However, in some entities HU measurements overlap, with differentiation on the basis of clinical course being difficult as well (1,3). This article is addressed to these problems. Although routine radiologic techniques may provide useful knowledge, the usually can add nothing to the definitive solution. PMID- 7018836 TI - Heat transfer and temperature of foods during processing. AB - Safety and economics concerns have accentuated an interest in energy input and consumption in the foods industry. This review article focuses on reported temperatures and temperature histories in food preparation and processing. To assist in interpreting reported data, a basic understanding of heat transfer parameters used is given. The relationships between temperature and time histories and quality effects of physical and chemical changes in foods, the production of new compounds with possible health effects, and microbiological safety are summarized. Several areas of needed research are identified. PMID- 7018835 TI - Modification of technological properties of fish protein concentrates. AB - Fish protein concentrates are mixtures of cross-linked and aggregated molecules of different muscle proteins. The final conformation of the components of the mixtures is formed as a result of procedures applied to convert the raw materials into a product of desirable and stable sensory properties, containing less than 0.1% of lipids. To achieve this end usually extraction with hot organic solvents, mainly isopropyl alcohol and 1,2-dichloroethene, followed by air drying are employed. These conditions bring about denaturation of many of the proteins followed by aggregation of the molecules due to the interaction of reactive functional groups in extended polypeptide chains. In the final product a large proportion of hydrophobic groups is exposed to the solvent and the proteins exhibit an extremely low water affinity. Such concentrates, although valuable as protein supplements, have only limited suitability as active components of various processed foods, as they have poor technological value. They are insoluble or have a very low water dispersibility and swelling ability, do not form gels after heating, or have any significant fat-emulsifying capacity. Changing the dissociation or number of ionic groups of the molecules prior to extraction, e.g., by acidifying or acylating, can partially reduce the denaturing effect of heat and organic solvents and thus improve the functional properties of the product. An upgrading of the quality of concentrates produced by hot extraction can be achieved by partial enzymatic or chemical deaggregation, hydrolysis followed by the plastein reaction, or formation of suitable derivatives. The best results have been obtained by partial hydrolysis of acylated proteins or precipitation of the aggregated products using sodium hexametaphosphate. The functional properties of such products are comparable to those of vegetable protein isolates used as meat extenders. Various proteins of high technological value can be also obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the raw material, followed by separation of the lipids without organic solvent extraction. Such products, however, have a distinct odor and flavor and must be stabilized because of residual lipids. PMID- 7018837 TI - The chemistry of oxazoles and oxazolines in foods. AB - This review attempts to present and discuss the current status of oxazoles and oxazolines relative to foods. Special emphasis is placed on their occurrences in foods, sensory properties, isolation and synthesis techniques, and pathways of formation in foods and related model systems. PMID- 7018838 TI - In vitro studies on the mode of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters, part 2. PMID- 7018839 TI - Natural carcinogenic products of plant origin. PMID- 7018840 TI - An interpretative literature analysis evaluating the effects of power plant chlorination on freshwater organisms. PMID- 7018841 TI - Naturally occurring toxic alkaloids in foods. PMID- 7018842 TI - Epidemiology of the killer chronic diseases. PMID- 7018843 TI - Pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7018844 TI - Splenic trauma. PMID- 7018845 TI - Thorvald Madsen 1870-1957. Leader in international public health. PMID- 7018847 TI - Surgical and conservative management of esophageal perforation. AB - A series of patients with esophageal injuries was reviewed to evaluate the role of conservative management of these injuries. Between 1962 and 1978, we treated 108 esophageal injuries. In 74 percent of the cases, the injury was probably iatrogenic. Foreign bodies were the most frequent cause of noniatrogenic esophageal injury. Sixty-eight patients underwent surgery, while the remaining 40 patients received conservative treatment. Of 11 deaths in the series, eight occurred among the surgically treated group. Methods of treatment are discussed, and illustrative cases presented. PMID- 7018846 TI - The prolonged effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate on exercise capacity in stable effort angina pectoris. AB - We studied the effect of a single oral dose of 40 mg of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on the exercise capacity of ten patients with angina pectoris. The study design was a randomized double-blind crossover comparing the effects of 40 mg of oral PETN with placebo on exercise tolerance. Patients were exercised to moderate angina pectoris before and 2 1/2 and 4 1/2 hours after receiving the placebo or PETN at seven-day intervals during the double-blind crossover period. Exercise tolerance time was measured using a multistage, progressive treadmill test. Exercise times were greater 2 1/2 hours and 4 1/2 hours following PETN compared with placebo (P less than 0.05). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and double product at rest (supine and standing) and at point of angina pectoris did not change significantly. PMID- 7018848 TI - Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man. AB - Drugs interfering with sympathetic tone may result in depression of the function of the sinus node, especially in patients with disease of the sinus node. In 11 patients presenting with palpitations, vertigo, or syncope, the heart rate, the recovery time of the sinus node, the carotid sinus pressure slowing, and the atrioventricular conduction capacity were assessed before and every five minutes up to 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.15 mg of clonidine. The following significant maximal mean effects were noted at about 15 minutes after the administration of clonidine: the heart rate decreased 12 percent (59 vs 52 beats per minute); and the atrioventricular conduction capacity (ie, paced heart rate at second-degree atrioventricular block) decreased by 9 percent (132 vs 121 beats per minute), while the maximal recovery time of the sinus node increased by a factor of two (1,704 vs 3,562 msec) when atrial overdrives of 120, 150, and 200 beats per minute were used for each five minute period. In analyzing maximal carotid sinus pressure slowing after administration of clonidine, three of 11 patients developed hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex de novo, and two patients showed a decrease and three patients an increase of carotid sinus pressure slowing, while three patients had no carotid sinus pressure slowing both before and after administration of clonidine. We conclude that caution should be taken in administering clonidine to patients with signs indicative of dysfunction of the sinus node. PMID- 7018849 TI - Effects of doxycycline on the phagocytosis of 32 P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells. AB - A study on the effect of various concentrations (2-100 microgram/ml) of doxycycline on the phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear cells was undertaken using a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli as test particle. In the presence of 10% normal human serum pretreatment with 50-100 microgram/ml resulted in a 50% increase in cell-associated radioactivity. When omitting serum during the ingestion phase, or conducting the ingestion phase at 4 degree C, the ingestive capability was reduced. 2 microgram/ml present during the ingestion together with 10% normal human serum reduced the ingestive capability significantly, whereas the presence of 10 microgram/ml exerted no significant effect. By the use of 3H-labelled doxycycline the drug was shown to be firmly fixed to the leukocyte monolayer. PMID- 7018850 TI - Reports on cephtriaxone (Rocephin). Introduction and review. PMID- 7018851 TI - Diffusion of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9004/001) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics in dogs with healthy meninges and in dogs with experimental meningitis. AB - After i.v injection of 50 and 100 mg/kg ceftriaxone in 1 h in dogs with healthy meninges, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations found between minutes 90 and 240 were an average of 0.37 (0.32-0.41) and 1.22 microgram/ml (1.02-1.56), respectively. In dogs with meningitis a dosage of 50 mg/kg yielded high concentrations from minutes 60 to 240: on average, 13.0 microgram/ml (9.9-14.9); 9.9 microgram/ml in the fourth hour. The concentrations obtained in dogs with healthy meninges were 10-100 times higher than the MICs for meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae. In the infected dogs, the concentrations obtained were enough to eliminate virtually all the bacteria responsible for meningitis (except Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In the dogs with healthy meninges, the ratio of the CSF/plasma AUCs was 0.61% after 50 mg/kg, and 1.00% after 100 mg/kg. In the infected dogs, this ratio was 22.4% after 50 mg/kg. Comparison of the ratio of AUCs obtained under ceftriaxone with that under other beta-lactam antibiotics shows the former to be one of the highest. PMID- 7018853 TI - Ceftriaxone, a new parenteral cephalosporin, in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - Ceftriaxone (CFX), a parenteral cephalosporin which belongs to a new generation of analogues, was studied by means of three experimental designs in patients suffering from flare-up episodes of chronic urinary tract infections. Results obtained in 2 randomized parallel trials showed a cure rate of 75% with CFX in comparison with 33.3% of gentamicin (p less than 0.05). In a third single open study of 18 patients with infections due to gentamicin-resistant strains, 61.1% became persistently negative during all follow-up controls. Drug-related side effects were mild and did not warrant discontinuation of therapy. PMID- 7018852 TI - Antibacterial activity of Ro 13-9904 and preliminary experience in gonorrhoea and chronic urinary tract infections. AB - Ro 13-9904, a new broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, cephalosporin, was given as a single i.m. injection at doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg in 3 groups of male patients each consisting of 10, 6, and 6 patients respectively, suffering from uncomplicated acute but recurrent gonococcal urethritis. All patients were cured both clinically and bacteriologically without relapsing after a 7-day follow-up. 11 patients suffering from chronic urinary tract infections without flow obstruction but with underlying chronic pyelonephritis in 6, were treated for 7 days with 500 mg of Ro 13-9904 i.m., every 12 h. E. coli and P. mirabilis were the main isolated pathogens. Treatment was successful in all with only one bacteriological relapse during the follow-up period. The drug's tolerance was satisfactory except for moderate local pain in most of the patients. PMID- 7018854 TI - Clinical and bacteriological results in urinary tract infections with single-dose Ro 13-9904 (Rocephin). AB - In two studies, the therapeutic effect of a single intramuscular dose of Ro 13 9904 (Rocephin) of 500 or 250 mg, respectively, was compared with a single intramuscular dose of 80 mg tobramycin in chronic urinary tract infections. 7 days after 500 mg Ro 13-9904, the infections were eradicated in 10 of the 11 patients; 7 days after 250 mg Ro 13-9904, 4 of 11 patients were reinfected with selected resistant Streptococcus faecalis. After tobramycin, 9 of 23 patients were cured. Considering enterococci as dangerous organisms in several respects we recommend a single dose of 500 mg Ro 13-9904 with a satisfactory local tolerance. Tobramycin is unsuitable for single-dose treatment. PMID- 7018855 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of medulloblastoma: a 5-year experience with the SIOP trial. AB - A 5-year experience of the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma with the SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) trial is presented. 33 eligible patients finally reduced to a total of 30 evaluative cases were treated with major surgical resection, extensive irradiation, and combined chemotherapy (vincristine + CCNU). The overall survival rate without recurrence was encouraging, and the actuarial survival rate is satisfactory. At follow-up controls, most of the patients showed a good performance status and a promising neurological stage. However, the problem concerning quality of life remains unsolved: morbidity and sequelae following high-dose radiotherapy and concomitant antiblastic treatment were noticeable. PMID- 7018856 TI - [Michel Servet (1511-1553). The discovery of blood circulation]. PMID- 7018858 TI - A greeting to Polish chronobiology and medicine. PMID- 7018857 TI - From an autopsy or biopsy to the physiologist's chronopsy (from the 3rd Italian postgraduate chronobiology course). PMID- 7018859 TI - The effects of captopril on blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients with low or normal plasma renin activity. Interference with autonomic nervous system. AB - Captopril was administered to 12 essential hypertensive patients with low or normal plasma renin activity in order to evaluate its effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure and to determine whether the inhibition of converting enzyme could interfere with sympathetic neural activity. Captopril, at the doses of 150-450 mg/die, normalized blood pressure in 5 patients (responders) and had no effect on 7 patients (non responders). A significant decrease in heart rate was observed in all patients. Captopril failed to significantly increase plasma renin activity in all patients. Supine plasma levels of catecholamines were significantly higher in responders compared with non responders and decreased significantly after treatment with captopril. The physiological study we performed on all patients suggests an overall integrity of the baroreceptor reflex arc and vascular reactivity to stress before as well as after treatment with captopril. On the contrary, the bradycardia induced by diving test was significantly greater after treatment than before therapy. These findings suggest that the antihypertensive effect of converting enzyme inhibition may be partly due to interference with sympathetic neural activity. Moreover captopril seems to exert an important effect on parasympathetic activity irrespective of blood pressure changes. PMID- 7018860 TI - In vitro determinants of plasma renin activity in serially-studied inbred dogs with neonatally induced coarctation hypertension: renin reactivity, renin substrate, and renin concentration. AB - Increased renin activity of plasma, suggesting an excess of circulating accelerators and/or deficit of inhibitors of the renin reaction, has been reported in a number of hypertensive states; however, its contribution to genesis and/or maintenance of hypertension is unknown. To longitudinally assess the evolution of plasma renin reactivity in relation to blood pressure in neonatally induced coarctation hypertension, we have made serial observations in 6 coarcted dogs and in 7 littermate controls over 1-12 months post-aortic-banding during varied steady-state sodium intake. Measurements of renin activity (defined as the increment of angiotensin I-generation rate following addition of exogenous renin to plasma), renin substrate concentration (RS), and plasma renin activity (PRA), together with calculation of plasma renin concentration (PRC) (as PRC = PRA divided by renin reactivity) provided estimates of the three major determinants of PRA. RS values were adjusted for variability due to assay-control and to age via covariate analysis. Results indicate no difference in adjusted RS between coarcted and control dogs, thus obviating the influence of RS differences on renin reactivity results. Renin reactivity and PRC in coarcted dogs were also comparable to control values. Furthermore, responses of RS, renin reactivity and PRC to dietary sodium manipulation were similar in coarcted and control animals. We conclude that circulating modifiers of the renin reaction play no role in the genesis or in the first-year maintenance of neonatally-induced coarctation hypertension. PMID- 7018861 TI - Biliary lipid and bile acid composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arguments for increased intestinal bacterial bile acid degradation. AB - Bile cholesterol saturation and bile acid composition was studied in 12 nonobese male insulin-dependent diabetics and 28 controls. The total bile lipid concentration in the bile rich duodenal aspirate was lower in the diabetics. The bile cholesterol saturation index was lower in the diabetics if calculated according to Thomas and Hofmann, but not if calculated according to Carey's critical tables. A negative correlation was observed between the cholesterol saturation index of the bile of the diabetics and their long-term metabolic control, as measured by the percentage HbA1c. No correlation existed between the saturation index and the metabolic control at the time of bile sampling as measured by serum glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. There was also a negative correlation between the cholesterol saturation index and the serum cholesterol concentrations. The glycine-taurine ratio of the conjugated bile acids was increased in the diabetics, as was the percentage concentration of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid). No correlation was found between the metabolic control of the diabetic state and either the glycine-taurine ratio or the percent concentration of secondary bile acids. These results do not favor a higher incidence of cholesterol gallstones in male juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetics. The increased glycine-taurine ratio of the conjugated bile acids and the elevated concentration of secondary bile acids may be due to increased bacterial invasion of the small intestine or decreased absorption of bile acids in the terminal ileum in these insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7018862 TI - Endocrine effects of acute and chronic cimetidine administration. AB - In normal men, acute oral administration of 300 mg cimetidine or intravenous injection of 50 mg of the drug had no effect on prolactin release. In contrast, intravenous injection of 150 or 300 mg led to substantial increments in serum prolactin. Peptic ulcer patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either cimetidine or antacid. Serial blood sampling until ulcer healing showed no significant changes in serum prolactin, testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, LH, or FSH in either group. It is likely that the impotence and breast changes occasionally seen during cimetidine therapy are due to peripheral antagonism of androgen action rather than to alterations in circulating hormone levels. PMID- 7018864 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of the uterus. Case report. PMID- 7018863 TI - Backwards and forwards with the migrating complex. PMID- 7018865 TI - Review of experimental hyaline membrane disease. AB - The prematurely delivered, artificially ventilated mammalian foetus provides an accurate experimental model of Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD). Using this model, several investigators have demonstrated the central role of surfactant deficiency in the pathogenesis of neonatal HMD. The model has also been used for evaluation of artificial surfactants, instilled via the airways as substitutes for natural surfactant. Recent observations indicate that a surfactant preparation which improves lung compliance and prevents the development of epithelial lung lesions in this experimental model, should be effective also in the treatment of patients with neonatal HMD or other forms of surfactant deficiency. PMID- 7018867 TI - Asymmetrical distribution of epithelial membrane antigen on the plasma membranes of human breast cell lines in culture. AB - A technique for localizing antigens by immunoperoxidase staining on the surfaces of unfixed culture cells is described. The cells can subsequently be studied by light or electron microscopy. These methods have been used to localize epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) on human mammary carcinoma (MCF7) cells in culture. This antigen was expressed on the plasma membrane, being localized on the interface with the culture medium and absent from the other external cell surfaces. This heterogeneous distribution reflects the distribution observed in mammary epithelial cells in vivo. PMID- 7018866 TI - Tissue culture of normal rat glomeruli: characterization of collagenous and non collagenous basement membrane antigens on the epithelial and mesangial cells. AB - Immunofluorescent studies were performed on epithelial and mesangial cells derived from normal rat glomeruli, using specific antisera directed against insoluble glomerular basement membranes (GMB), or directed against either type IV procollagen or non-collagenous antigens purified from basement membrane polypeptides synthesized by a murine tumour. In marked contrast to the mesangial cells, the epithelial cells contained large amounts of GBM antigens, of type IV procollagen, and of non-collagenous glycoproteins in the first two days after subculture plating. At the same time, the mesangial cells did not exhibit any basement membrane antigens. Five to 10 days later, however, all the antisera tested stained the surface membrane and/or the extracellular material of both epithelial and mesangial cells. The data suggest that both cell lines synthesize and secrete cross-reacting type IV procollagen and non-collagenous basement membrane antigenic material into the culture medium. PMID- 7018869 TI - [Participation of cytoplasmic mitochondrial function regulator in glycogen synthesis in the rat diaphragm]. PMID- 7018870 TI - Zomepirac (Zomax, McNeil Pharmaceutical). AB - Zomepirac Sodium (Zomax) is a pyrrole-acetic acid structurally related to tolmetin sodium (see Figure 1). Zomepirac is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and is not an opioid, an opioid antagonist, or a salicylate. It is the sodium salt of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4 dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetate dihydrate. Zomepirac has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing in the United States as an analgesic. It is indicated for all forms of mild to moderately severe pain, and is being promoted as a "comprehensive, non addicting analgesic." PMID- 7018871 TI - Treatment of Nongonococcal bacterial septic arthritis. AB - Septic arthritis carries significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating prompt, appropriate therapy with joint fluid aspiration, intravenous antibiotics, and occasionally, surgical intervention. The initial choice of antimicrobial agent is guided by the results of synovial fluid gram stain, by identification of the pathogenesis of the primary focus, or by epidemiologic factors. Adequacy of therapy is assessed by serial synovial fluid white blood cell counts and by determining antimicrobial concentrations in the joint space. The goal of treatment is a clinically normal and sterile joint. Factors that may affect antimicrobial joint penetration include the degree of joint tissue inflammation, the degree of drug protein binding, and the chemical characteristics of the drug. Perhaps most important in determining the extent of joint penetration are factors that may affect serum antibiotic concentrations, for example, dose, route of administration, volume of distribution, but rate of elimination. PMID- 7018872 TI - Effects of capitation payment for pharmacy services on pharmacist-dispensing and physician-prescribing behavior: I. Prescription quantity and dose analysis. AB - This paper evaluates changes in quantities and appropriateness of dosages and quantities of prescription in capitation and control pharmacies. The data indicate that, under capitation, changes were made in the quantities of ingredients so that the quantities dispensed were significantly different from those prescribed. However, the number of such modifications to prescriptions was small, and the reader is cautioned against drawing broad conclusions. The analysis, then, considers changes in days' supply of prescription ingredients during the study period. There were significantly increases in the average day's supply of prescription ingredients for maintenance drugs dispensed under the capitation reimbursement scheme; however, no such differences were observed for non-maintenance drugs. Appropriateness of the dosages and quantities of prescriptions were then compared for capitation and fee-for-service pharmacies for the study period, and no significant differences were found. Thus, it is concluded that although capitation was associated with increases in the average days' supply of ingredients dispensed for maintenance prescriptions, such changes did not adversely affect the quality of drug therapy as measured by two sets of criteria. PMID- 7018874 TI - Prostacyclin and blood coagulation. AB - Prostacyclin is a potent but unstable vasodilator, and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, which is produced by blood vessel walls. Platelet aggregability may be constantly conditioned in vivo by local or circulating prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is important in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and may be implicated in certain disease states. The use of prostacyclin in antithrombotic therapy appears logical, considering its action in increasing platelet cyclic AMP and reducing aggregation; its potential in antithrombotic therapy is presently being explored. PMID- 7018868 TI - A neurophysiological model for anomalous correspondence based on mechanisms of sensory fusion. AB - Normal retinal correspondence is not stable. The arguments for the plasticity of correspondence in normal binocular vision have been given into previous papers (Nelson, 1975, 1977). In this paper, both laboratory research and the clinical strabismus literature are reviewed to show similarities between normal and abnormal binocular vision. In particular, it is argued that sensory fusion (Panum's areas) and anomalous retinal correspondence (AC) obey similar principles, and so a sensory fusional model of AC may be developed. Recent advances in the neurophysiology of binocular vision are reviewed, but current laboratory knowledge cannot account for many phenomena known clinically unless certain postulates are made. Two hypothesized intracortical interactions among binocular disparity detectors, termed disparity domain inhibition and spatial domain facilitation, play key roles in extending the neurophysiology of binocular vision to an account of both normally - and clinically - observed plasticities of correspondence. The fusional model of retinal correspondence developed here from postulated domain interactions contrasts with the older concept of fixed corresponding points, an approach which has failed to provide a unified foundation for the treatment of normal and abnormal binocular vision. PMID- 7018873 TI - Trazodone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depression and anxiety. AB - Trazodone is a triazolopyridine derivative with antidepressant activity, that is chemically unrelated to other currently available antidepressants. Its pharmacological properties differ from those of most other antidepressants. Trazodone exhibits antiserotonin activity in animal studies, but its mechanism of action in depressive illness in humans is not clear. It has an overall therapeutic efficacy comparable with imipramine and amitriptyline in depressive illness but, at dosages which have achieved a similar overall clinical improvement, trazodone causes fewer anticholinergic side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. Trazodone appears also to have activity against the concomitant anxiety in depressed patients and in limited studies was comparable with diazepam and chlordiazepoxide in anxiety neurosis. Trazodone has been reported to be of value in tremors and chronic alcoholism. Studies in animals, limited human studies and the low incidence of cardiovascular side effects in controlled therapeutic trials, suggest that trazodone is less likely than imipramine to cause cardiotoxicity at therapeutic doses, but the effects of overdosage are not known at present. Trazodone appears to be well tolerated by the elderly, seldom aggravates psychotic symptoms and does not produce neurological side effects. PMID- 7018876 TI - [The epidermal Langerhans cells - a centennial]. PMID- 7018875 TI - [Comparative study on the effects of carbimazole and propranolol in 131I-therapy of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7018877 TI - [The 1980 Nobel prize for physiology and medicine]. PMID- 7018879 TI - [Promises and achievements of recombinant DNA research]. PMID- 7018878 TI - [The 1980 Nobel prize for chemistry]. PMID- 7018880 TI - [The burned hand]. PMID- 7018881 TI - Cerebral malaria in adult Zambian Africans. PMID- 7018882 TI - Management of adult acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 7018883 TI - Nutrients for the brain: problems in supply. PMID- 7018884 TI - Cryorenin in the newborn human and lamb. AB - Renin and big renin (cryorenin) were measured in the plasma of 78 babies at birth, and studied in six newborn lambs 2-3 weeks of age in response to angiotensin II (0.25 microgram/kg per min) infusion. There were (mean +/- S.E.M.) 15.9 +/- 2.0 ng/ml per h of renin and 11.1 +/- 2.3 of cryorenin, measured as plasma renin activity (PRA) in newborn cord blood. Cryorenin and renin decreased in parallel in the newborn lamb from 19 +/- 2.3 ng/ml per h and 28.6 +/- 2.7 to 6.5 +/- 1.8 (P less than 0.001) and 15.9 +/- 1.8 (P less than 0.01), respectively after 30 min of the angiotensin II infusion. Mean aortic blood pressure increased 30 mm Hg. These data suggest that cryorenin levels are high in the newborn lamb and human, and that both cryorenin and renin are under angiotensin II control in the newborn lamb. PMID- 7018885 TI - Thoracic gas volume, helium functional residual capacity and air-trapping in the first six hours of life: the effect of oxygen administration. PMID- 7018886 TI - [History of health research institutions in Latin America, 1880-1930]. PMID- 7018887 TI - [Central and peripheral catecholamines in combined cerebral and renal hypertension]. AB - The present study was carried out on male rats, using three models of experimental hypertension: cerebroischemic, single clamp bilateral and combined, induced by ischemia of the brain and one of the kidneys. The authors determined DA, NA, A in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata as well as A, NA in plasma in view of the connection between CA (catecholamine) and cerebral and renal renin angiotensin system (RAS). In rats with cerebral hypertension there was activation of noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. There were no changes in the content of A. In rats with renal hypertension the activation of noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus was due to exhaustion of NA stores with normal amount of DA, but still the adrenergic neurons were activated. In rats with combined hypertension there was lowering of NA and DA in the hypothalamus, but A was not altered, e.g. the changes, observed singly and in cerebral and renal hypertension were combined. In the three forms of hypertension there were similar changes in medulla oblongata (reduced DA, increased NA and unaltered) and in plasma (A without significant changes). The changes in the level of CA in cerebral and combined hypertension could be explained by a change in the sinocarotid reflex, but in the renal-with the increased level of plasma angiotensin. The authors suggest that the connection between cerebral CA and cerebral RAS is not a direct one and RAS is not directly involved in the inverse interrelationships between cerebral and renal RAS. PMID- 7018888 TI - The effect of tolbutamide and hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon and hepatic glucose output in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of tolbutamide and insulin infusion on hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon and on hepatic glucose output were compared in anesthetized dogs. The basal hepatic extraction of insulin was not significantly different in the two experiments (62 +/- 7% vs. 49 +/- 8%). The fraction of insulin extracted by the liver was not changed by either tolbutamide or insulin administration. In contrast, hepatic extraction of glucagon significantly increased from a basal value of 12 +/- 8% to 41 +/- 12% 30 min after tolbutamide, coincident with hypoglycemia and increased secretion of glucagon. The percent hepatic extraction of glucagon did not change during insulin infusion despite similar hypoglycemia and an even greater increase in the amount of glucagon reaching the liver. Tolbutamide and insulin produced a transient fall in hepatic glucose output which was associated with a significant increase in the insulin to glucagon molar ratio of the portal vein. Despite the persistence of hypoglycemia, hepatic glucose production returned to control values, and the portal venous insulin to glucagon molar ratio returned toward normal. Thus, the initial hypoglycemia after tolbutamide and insulin treatment reflects decreased hepatic glucose production, while the later effects represent increased peripheral glucose utilization. Hepatic glucose output correlated better with the portal venous insulin to glucagon molar ratio than the ratio of the hormones removed by the liver. These findings indicate that insulin and glucagon extraction by the liver are quite different and are independently regulated. Tolbutamide directly increases the fraction of glucagon removed by the liver. Because of changes in hepatic extraction after tolbutamide, increased pancreatic secretion of glucagon might not be reflected in its peripheral concentration. PMID- 7018889 TI - Ontogeny of erythrocyte insulin binding in the sheep. AB - The ontogeny of insulin binding in the sheep was studied using the erythrocytes (RBCs) of 31 fetuses, 10 lambs, and 5 adult animals. Six fetuses were studied on three occasions over a 2-week period from 120--135 days of gestation to provide longitudinal data on changes in insulin binding. Maximal percent binding of [125I]iodoinsulin and receptor concentration decreased significantly as the age of the animal increased (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001 and r = --0.49, P less than 0.001, respectively). Total loss of insulin binding to RBCs was estimated to occur in the second postnatal month, and the RBCs from the adult sheep showed no specific insulin binding. The osmotic fragility of RBCs in each developmental group of animals was also studied to assess possible differences in RBC membrane properties. RBC osmotic fragility was significantly lower in fetuses than in adult sheep (osmotic fragility 50 = 0.55% phosphate-buffered saline vs. 0.76% phosphate-buffered saline, respectively; P less than 0.001). The data suggest that fetal RBCs of lower osmotic fragility and high insulin binding capacity are progressively replaced during late prenatal and early postnatal life by adult type RBCs of increased osmotic fragility and lacking binding capacity for insulin. The timing of the disappearance of insulin binding to RBCs coincides with the final transition in the animals from a monogastric to a ruminant metabolic state, and may reflect a change in the need for insulin with age. PMID- 7018890 TI - Direct inhibitory effect of GnRH on androgen secretion by ovarian interstitial cells. AB - We report here 1) that GnRH and a potent GnRH agonist inhibit basal and LH stimulated ovarian androgen biosynthesis in vitro, 2) that the inhibitory effects of GnRH are dose-dependent and completely inhibited by concomitant treatment with a GnRH antagonist and 3) that the GnRH action is very rapid (t1/2 = 10 min) and persists after thorough washing of the cells. These data suggest that GnRH acts at a stereospecific binding site on ovarian theca and/or interstitial cells (probably the theca cells) to rapidly and perhaps irreversibly inhibit androgen biosynthesis. PMID- 7018891 TI - A method for the iodination of insulin and its binding to dissociated mouse mammary cells. AB - The iodination of insulin was accomplished by a modification of the lactoperoxidase method. The use of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1.5 ng/ul) followed by Sephadex gel filtration and purification on a cellulose column yielded iodoinsulin with an activity equal to that of native insulin in stimulation of glucose oxidation in rat epididymal fat cells and with high specific binding to collagenase-dissociated mouse mammary cells from pregnant and lactating mice. Other hormones tested did not displace the binding. Analysis of displacement curves and scatchard plots suggests that both the affinity and the number of sites for insulin binding differ between pregnant and lactating mammary cells. PMID- 7018892 TI - Regulation of steroid hormone receptor activity. PMID- 7018897 TI - The actual cautery -- myth and reality in the art of firing. AB - The historical development of "firing" as a treatment for various complaints in animals and man is followed from the first surviving written account by Vegetius (approximately AD 500) to the present day. Changing concepts as to the mechanism of action of the actual cautery are examined in relation to physiological understanding at various times and conflicting views and evident fallacies are discussed. It is of particular interest that firing of "sinewes" (tendons and ligaments) was expressly forbidden until the 18th century. It is concluded that "firing" is an outmoded practice for which there is no scientific justification. PMID- 7018894 TI - The effect of the oxidizing agents chloramine-T and cigarette smoke on dog serum proteinase inhibitor(s). AB - Dog serum treated with the oxidant chloramine-T is rapidly and selectively depleted of its ability to inhibit porcine pancreatic elastase or dog neutrophil elastase. Trypsin inhibitory capacity of serum is not affected. Purified dog alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) is similarly oxidized with an apparent rate constant of 1.1 x 10(3) M-1 sec-1. Reversal of the oxidative inactivation using dithiothreitol was demonstrated. Cigarette smoke also directly affects the inhibitory capacity of both serum and pure alpha-1-PI. These studies form a basis for developing a model of functionally deficient alpha-1-PI by taking advantage of oxidative inactivation of normal proteinase inhibitor levels. PMID- 7018895 TI - Inactivation of bronchial mucous proteinase inhibitor by cigarette smoke and phagocyte-derived oxidants. AB - Freshly prepared aqueous solutions of cigarette smoke suppressed the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of the acid-stable proteinase inhibitor present in bronchial mucus (BMPi) and human seminal plasma (HUSI-I). Thin-layer gel immunofiltration analysis of mixtures of smoke-treated BMPi and human leukocyte elastase showed decreased elastase: BMPi complexes, increased uncomplexed BMPi and increased free elastase. Phenolic antioxidants prevented the suppression of the EIC of BMPi or HUSI-I by cigarette smoke. In addition, treatment of BMPi or HUSI-I with chemical oxidants caused a similar suppression of EIC. Furthermore, treatment of BMPi or HUSI-I with the phagocyte-derived oxidizing system, myeloperoxidase + H2O2 + Cl-, suppressed EIC. Finally, the functional activity of BMPi was significantly reduced in tracheal aspirates of human smokers compared to that of nonsmokers. These results support the hypothesis that local inactivation of BMPi in the conducting airways of the lung by inhaled cigarette smoke or by phagocyte-derived oxidants may play a role in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung disease in smokers. PMID- 7018893 TI - Transient painless thyroiditis with hyperthyroidism: a variant of lymphocytic thyroiditis? PMID- 7018896 TI - Immunochemical studies of human acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase in type II glycogenosis. AB - The results of immunochemical studies performed in 6 cases of type II glycogenosis (1 classical form, Pompe's disease) and 5 atypical forms (2 juvenile, 3 adult) are reported. The use of antiacid alpha-1,4-glucosidase antibodies greatly improved the specificity of the diagnostic tests for type II glycogenosis, particularly in fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and urine. The use of these antibodies permits the precise measurement of lysosomal enzymes and also enables to demonstrate the activating influence of potassium chloride on urinary lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase. The use of such specific antibodies should prove to be an aid in genetic studies and allows a better understanding of the disease mechanism. PMID- 7018898 TI - Prevention of endotoxin-induced arterial hypoxaemia and lactic acidosis with flunixin meglumine in the conscious pony. AB - Bacterial endotoxin injected intravenously into conscious ponies produced alterations in cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal function. Specifically, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, colic, lactic acidosis and diarrhoea resulted from administration of 10 micrograms/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Pretreatment of the ponies with a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine, prevented these ill effects of endotoxin. PMID- 7018899 TI - Antagonistic effects of endurance training and testosterone on alkaline proteolytic activity in rat skeletal muscles. AB - Endurance swimming training for 8 weeks led to an increase by about 50% of alkaline proteinase activity in musculus extensor digitorum longus and about 10% in musculus soleus of normal male rats as compared to sedentary control rats. This exercise-mediated increase of proteolytic activity was prevented by the simultaneous administration of 10 mg testosterone propionate/kg body weight twice a week. The data suggest that testosterone has a regulatory effect on the alteration of the protein-degradative mechanism during endurance training. PMID- 7018900 TI - Induction of choline transport and its role in the stimulation of the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine by polyamines in a polyamine auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 1. A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defective in ornithine decarboxylase, was isolated. A prolonged culture of the mutant in a polyamine-free medium resulted in a great decrease in the polyamine content and in cessation of growth. The addition of polyamines to the culture induced the growth after a lag period of 5--6.5 h. The growth rate in the presence of polyamine was comparable to that of the wild-type strain. The effectiveness of polyamines was as follows: spermidine greater than putrescine approximately equal to spermine. 2. Phosphatidylcholine-synthesizing activity during the lag phase of growth was determined by measuring the rate of incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine. The incorporation rate was markedly increased with time by polyamine prior to the initiation of cell division. Polyamines were effective in the following order: spermidine greater than putrescine approximately equal to spermine. Experiments with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, showed that putrescine stimulates cell growth and choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine after it has been converted into spermidine in the cell. 3. The induction of the choline transport system was shown to be responsible for the increase in the rate of incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine effected by polyamines. A low concentration of cycloheximide completely prevented the induction of choline transport by polyamines. The levels of the CDP-choline pathway enzymes such as choline kinase, cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase and cholinephosphotransferase were not significantly changed. PMID- 7018902 TI - Patterns of product inhibition of a bifunctional dehydrogenase; L-histidinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. AB - The steady-state kinetic patterns of the bifunctional enzyme histidinol dehydrogenase from Salmonella typhimurium (EC 1.1.1.23) are compatible with a bi uni uni-bi ping-pong mechanism. Studies of product inhibition make it possible to determine the sequence of substrate binding and product dissociation. Histidinol binds first to the enzyme, followed by the binding of NAD+; histidine is the last product to dissociate from histidinol dehydrogenase. Five of ten kinetic constants defined are determined from linear intercept and slope replots; Km for histidinol was found to be 16 +/- 3 microM and for NAD+ 1 +/- 0.3 mM; K2 for NAD+ was determined to be 0.8 +/- 0.4 mM and K3 for NADH to be 0.3 +/- 0.07 mM. K1 for histidine was found to be 2.1 +/- 0.5 mM. PMID- 7018901 TI - N-Glycosylation of yeast proteins. Characterization of the solubilized oligosaccharyl transferase. AB - The enzyme transferring the oligosaccharide from DolPP-(GlcNAc)2(Glc)3 to asparagine residues of glycoproteins has been solubilized from yeast membranes by extraction with detergents. Enzyme activity was tested by measuring transfer of the glycosyl moiety from DolPP-[14C]saccharides to the hexapeptide Tyr-Asn-Leu Thr-Ser-Val. The rate of transfer was linear for 20 min, with about 40% of dolichyl-diphosphate-bound radioactivity transferred to the peptide. The solubilized enzyme has been characterized as follows: 1. The enzyme is most efficiently solubilized (60% of the membrane-associated activity) by 0.5% Nonidet P40 at a protein/detergent ratio of 2. Octylglucoside solubilizes one third of the activity, but strongly inhibits the reaction if present in the test at a concentration of 1%. 2. Divalent cations are absolutely required. 1 mM Mn2+ is optimal; Mg2+ at a concentration of 10mM yields only one third the activity observed with Mn2+. 3. The enzyme transfers besides dolichyl-diphosphate-bound (GlcNAc)2(Man)9(Glc)3 also (GlcNAc)2(Man)1 and (GlcNAc)2; the rate decreases in this order. No transfer is observed from DolPP-(GlcNAc)2(Man)9 and from DolPP GlcNAc. 4. The Km value for DolPP-(GlcNAc)2(Man)9(Glc)3 of 0.5 microM does not differ significantly from that for DolPP-(GlcNAc)2 of 1.2 microM. A broad pH optimum for the reaction with both substrates was found between 6.5 and 7.7. 5. However, a clear difference in Km values for the hexapeptide was observed with difference dolichol-linked sugar derivatives. With DolPP-(GlcNAc)2 a peptide concentration of 0.6 mM resulted in half-maximal transfer rate, whereas 0.05 mM peptide were sufficient with DolPP-(GlcNAc)2(Man)9(Glc)3 as donor. PMID- 7018903 TI - Properties of Ca2+-activated protease specific for the intermediate-sized filament protein vimentin in Ehrlich-ascites-tumour cells. AB - A Ca2+-activated neutral protease is described which, when tested against various native proteins, appears to be specific for vimentin, the 58,000-Mr subunit protein of intermediate-sized (7--11 nm) filaments in Ehrlich-ascites-tumour cells. The protein subunits of other classes of intermediate-sized filaments have been tested; neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein are not degraded, however skeletin, the subunit protein of intermediate-sized filaments in smooth muscle, is degraded. The protease is found associated with the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of Ehrlich-ascites-tumour cells; proteins, other than vimentin, present in this structure are not degraded. The protease is activated by Ca2+ and Sr2+ but not by other divalent cations tested: the Ca2+ concentration required for activation is 10 microM. The pH optimum is between pH 7.5 and 8.0, and the KCl concentration required for optimal activity is 100 mM. The protease is inhibited by 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-L-2-heptanone hydrochloride and L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor; inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride is moderate. The high substrate specificity of the protease suggests it may play a role in vimentin intermediate-sized filament protein turnover in Ehrlich-ascites tumour cells. PMID- 7018904 TI - Energy is required for maturation of exported proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - It has been established in numerous cases that proteins which are exported from Escherichia coli are synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes in precursor forms which are proteolytically cleaved to generate the mature species. Here we present evidence that at least one step in the export of proteins requires energy. Energy requirements for processing of the precursors of both the M13 coat protein [Date, T., Zwizinski, C., Ludmerer, S., and Wickner, W. (1980) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 827-831; Date, T., Goodman, J. M., and Wickner, W. T. (1980) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 4669-4673] and the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin [Palva, T., Hirst, T. R., Hardy, S. J. S., Holmgren, J., and Randall, L. L. (1981) J. Bacteriol. in the press] have been demonstrated previously. An energy requirement for the proteolytic processing of an additional five exported proteins is reported here. Studies utilizing an uncA mutant suggest that the form of energy required is proton-motive force. Thus an energized membrane is probably essential for export of most periplasmic and outer membrane proteins. PMID- 7018906 TI - Complementation in vitro between purified mutant fatty acid synthetase complexes of yeast. PMID- 7018905 TI - A proton NMR study of ribosomal protein L25 from Escherichia coli. AB - A highly folded form of the ribosomal protein L25 from Escherichia coli can be obtained from urea-denatured preparations. Proton NMR data show that this form of the molecule must have a compact, globular tertiary structure. Spectroscopically it is indistinguishable from L25 prepared by methods which avoid denaturing solvents. Thus L25 is a protein which can be reversibly denatured. The stability and solubility of the folded form of the protein are discussed and primary assignments made for a number of resonances in its NMR spectrum. The paper shows that this folded form of the protein can be characterised using NMR spectroscopy. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy provides a sensitive and general way for the characterisation of protein folds. PMID- 7018907 TI - Outer-membrane vesicles released by normally growing Escherichia coli contain very little lipoprotein. AB - The lipoprotein content of the outer-membrane medium vesicles, which are released from Escherichia coli during normal growth, was compared to the lipoprotein content of the corresponding cellular outer membranes. It was found that the medium vesicles contained only 35% free lipoprotein and almost none of the bound lipoprotein when compared with cellular outer membranes. Medium vesicles also had reduced amounts of protein II and a protein V (Mr = 16 000), while they contained large amounts of pore-forming proteins I and lamB. A mechanism is proposed in which outer membrane vesicles are formed when the outer membrane expands faster than the underlying peptidoglycan layer. The lack or enrichment of individual proteins in medium vesicles may be determined by their interactions with the peptidoglycan-bound lipoprotein complex. PMID- 7018908 TI - Exoenzymatic activity of transglycosylase isolated from Escherichia coli. AB - The possibility that murein transglycosylase of Escherichia coli may function as an exoenzyme to cleave the murein sacculus in a systematic fashion was investigated. Two molecular species of this hydrolytic enzyme have been isolated and characterized: one is associated with the soluble fraction and the other with the envelope fraction of ruptured E. coli cells. The soluble enzyme was employed to digest murein sacculi that had been uniformly labeled with [3H]diaminopimelic acid. The analysis of the reaction product indicated that the enzyme did not cleave the glycan chains randomly. To determine whether transglycosylase released muropeptide first from the N-acetylglucosaminyl or the 1,6-anhydromuramyl ends of the glycan chains, the [3H]diaminopimelate-labeled sacculi were further radiolabeled at their N-acetylglucosaminyl ends with [14C]galactose by a galactosyl transferase reaction. The transglycosylase released galactose-labeled X + X' muropeptides early during the course of digestion, suggesting exoenzymatic cleavage of the glycan chains preferentially from the N-acetylglucosaminyl ends. (X = N-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl meso-diaminopimelic acid; X' = X-D-alanine.) The kinetics of the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme were found to be identical to that of the soluble enzyme, indicating that both molecular species of transglycosylase function as exoenzymes in vitro. PMID- 7018909 TI - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (K5 antigen) of urinary-tract infective Escherichia coli 010:K5:H4. A polymer similar to desulfo-heparin. AB - The capsular polysaccharide was isolated from Escherichia coli 010:K5:H4; it could not be obtained from a uncapsulated (K5-) mutant. It contains N acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1. Acid hydrolysis of the acidic polysaccharide as well as Smith degradation and degradation by deamination of the carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide suggested that the polysaccharide is composed of a disaccharide repeating unit. The data obtained by methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the repeating sequence of the capsular polysaccharide is the 4-beta-glucuronyl 1,4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyl unit. This structure is similar to that of desulfo heparin. PMID- 7018910 TI - A comparison of three methods of assessing renal function. AB - In a study of 100 patients referred for assessment of renal function a comparison is made between gamma camera computer assisted displays of 99mTc-DTPA(Sn) nephrograms, intra-venous urography (I.V.U.) and triple probe 131I-Hippuran renography. The computer processed data displays renal morphology and activity/time curves which are deconvolved enabling quantitative assessment of glomerular function to be made. Pattern recognition techniques for feature extraction are employed to facilitate classification of the curves. It is concluded that the computer processed data gives better results both in the recognition of morphological defects and in the indication and measurement of renal damage. PMID- 7018911 TI - Unusual concentration of urine and prevention of polydipsia by fungal prenylphenols in DOCA hypertensive rats. AB - When deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-loaded uninephrectomized rats were fed on standard laboratory pellet diet and 1% saline for 5 weeks, caloric homeostasis became abnormal resulting in (a) hyperlipidemia, (b) cholesterol deposit in the heart, (c) significant reduction of triglycerides in the aorta, heart and liver and (d) a 60% increase in the cardiac free fatty acids (FFA) on one hand and a 50% reduction of the hepatic FFA on the other. These facts suggest that the hypertension severely reduces hepatic lipogenesis, whereas the cardiovascular system depends much more on FFA as a metabolic fuel than on glucose. This idea is supported by the deficiency in total body potassium (K) and decrease in serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) which occur in the hypertension. These alterations were attenuated by the fungal prenylphenols, 4-0-methylascochlorin (MAC) and ascofuranone (AF). The protective effect seems to be partly attributable to the counteraction to DOCA. In addition, the agents caused a specific increase of renal water reabsorption. MAC treatment resulted in a particularly marked reduction of saline intake and excretion of unusually thick urine with 2.8 times higher sodium (Na) concentration than in the DOCA/saline control rats. PMID- 7018912 TI - Indication for central vagal endorphinergic control of heart rate in dogs. AB - Microinjections of putative enkephalin releasors, veratridine (0.2 micrograms), L Tyr-D-Arg (1 microgram) and physostigmine (1 microgram) into the nucleus ambiguus (NA) induced naloxone-reversible bradycardia in chloralosed dogs. In addition, microinjections of compounds known to inhibit enkephalin degradation: D phenylalanine (10 micrograms), puromycin (20 ng), Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (0.5 micrograms), and captopril (20 ng) induced a naloxone-reversible bradycardia. These results are compatible with the view that an enkephalinergic mechanism is involved in the central vagal control of the heart. These experiments provide evidence that enkephalins are tonically released from nerve terminals located in the NA and that enkephalinase, amino-peptidase and possibly angiotensin I converting enzyme, could be involved in their catabolism in vivo. PMID- 7018914 TI - Binding, membrane redistribution, internalization and lysosomal association of [125I]anti-insulin receptor antibody in IM-9-cultured human lymphocyte. A comparison with [125I]insulin. PMID- 7018916 TI - The morphology of LRH and oxytocin neurons. PMID- 7018915 TI - A comparative study of elasmobranch corneal and scleral collagens. PMID- 7018913 TI - Synthesis of types I, III an IV collagen by bovine lens epithelial cells in long term culture. PMID- 7018917 TI - Gonadal steroids and brain monoamines: how do they interact? PMID- 7018918 TI - Steroid effects on hypothalamic-gonadotropin interactions. PMID- 7018920 TI - Effects of sex hormone metabolites on the secretion of gonadotropins. PMID- 7018919 TI - Neural estrogen receptors in the life cycle of the albino rat. PMID- 7018921 TI - Neural influence on muscle autolytic enzyme activity. PMID- 7018922 TI - Increased vascular prostacyclin activity in rats after endotoxin administration. PMID- 7018924 TI - Limited proteolysis of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from bovine kidney. PMID- 7018923 TI - Dialyzable serum factors after cellular immunity in pregnancy. PMID- 7018925 TI - Index of biochemical reviews 1980. PMID- 7018927 TI - Pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone during haloperidol induced hyperprolactinemia. AB - The effects of a 6-hour infusion with haloperidol on serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels was studied in a group of male subjects. Five hours after starting the infusions, a study of the pituitary responses to LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) was carried out. Control patients received infusions of 0.9% NaCl solution. During the course of haloperidol infusions, significant hyperprolactinemia was found, together with an abolished pituitary response to LH RH, as compared with responses of control subjects. PMID- 7018926 TI - Acquired adrenal hyperplasia: with special reference to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - Acquired virilism in adult females amy be due to a number of primary disorder of the adrenal or the ovary, or both. In this review, HSD deficiency has been presented as one distinct cause. Its diagnosis as described in the report by Rosenfield and his co-workers depends upon several features. The urinary pattern of delta 5-3 beta-ol metabolites should be typical of that of congenital HSD deficiency. The excretion of pregnenetriol as compared with pregnanetriol (although the latter is usually high) should show a preponderance of the former. The elevation of 16-hydroxy compounds in the urine is also characteristic. The plasma steroids having the delta 5-3 beta-ol configuration should be elevated to an extent not seen in any other disorder except with an adrenal tumor. Specifically, plasma 17-hydroxypregnenolone levels will be extremely elevated, as will DHEA and the DHEAS levels. In the initial stage of diagnosis, one might initiate the work-up by determining the plasma DHEA and DHEAS concentrations so that, when these are distinctly elevated, one may proceed to further study. In the extremely mild forms it will probably be necessary to apply adrenal stimulation with ACTH in order to bring the abnormal pattern into perspective. PMID- 7018928 TI - Use of Sputolysin form liquefaction of viscid human semen. AB - A comparative study evaluating the effect of different mucolytic agents on viscid semen and on sperm motility at successive time intervals was carried out. Sputolysin (dithiothreitol, Calbiochem Behring, 1978) was found to be most efficient in liquefying viscid semen and also in preserving sperm motility. The mean liquefaction times for Sputolysin, Alevaire (a mucolytic detergent), and alpha-amylase were found to be 10 minutes, 39 minutes, and 20 minutes, respectively. The rate of decline in sperm motility over an interval of 24 hours was found to be least with Sputolysin, followed in order by phosphate-buffered saline, alpha-amylase, control, and Alevaire. The adverse effect of Alevaire on sperm motility over successive time intervals was quite marked. A serial dilution study with Sputolysin showed that, at higher dilution (1:80), liquefaction time was prolonged (24 minutes), but it was still shorter than with Alevaire (39 minutes) and nearly the same as with alpha-amylase (20 minutes). PMID- 7018929 TI - Barrier contraception: a comprehensive overview. AB - The barrier class of contraceptives used either alone or with supplementary spermicidal agents includes the most ancient of methods for the control of human fertility. Modern innovations have effected marked improvement in their efficacy and acceptability, so that they have become key means of controlling fertility in the world today. The traditional diaphragms and condoms decreased in popularity to some extent when methods such as the OCs and IUDs became available for general use. However, the plain or medicated barriers are regaining their rightful position in our contraceptive armamentarium as more and more questions are being raised about the real or potential adverse side effects of systemic and intrauterine contraceptives. There is evidence throughout the world of the growing popularity and use of locally acting mechanical and/or spermicidal contraceptive methods. Their impact upon the increasing world population can be expected to become even greater when the true need for the control of fertility becomes more generally recognized and appreciated. PMID- 7018931 TI - [Review: N. E. Vvedenskii's teachings concerning excitation and inhibition in the light of modern neurophysiology]. PMID- 7018930 TI - Blood glucose and plasma insulin studies during three months' use of a low estrogen type oral contraceptive. AB - Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in 18 women before and after 3 months' use of a low-estrogen oral contraceptive containing 0.035 mg of ethinylestradiol and 0.5 mg of norethindrone. There was no significant change in either of these two metabolic parameters. In addition, the blood pressures and weights of the women were unchanged during that time. Although these are only preliminary data, they are encouraging, for similar studies with higher-dose preparations often showed significant alterations in carbohydrate tolerance. PMID- 7018932 TI - [Activity of gastric juice proteases of dogs at various pH values]. PMID- 7018933 TI - [Glycoprotein and protease spectrum of the gastric mucosa in rats]. PMID- 7018934 TI - Recent developments in the treatment of epilepsy: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7018935 TI - Retrospections on bonding. PMID- 7018936 TI - Biologic considerations of composite resins. PMID- 7018937 TI - Acid etching for composite resins. PMID- 7018938 TI - Conservative applications of acid etch-resin techniques. PMID- 7018939 TI - A restorative system for the repair of defects in anterior teeth. The laminate veneers. AB - There is a definite need for an esthetically acceptable conservative treatment to correct the disfiguring appearance of malformed and discolored teeth. This type of dental disturbance can introduce a grave psychologic effect on the patient. With the use of a specially shaded resin material, a thin plastic veneer, and an acid etch technique, an esthetic and functional restoration can be produced that will give the dentist and the patient consistently acceptable clinical results. The technique is essentially reversible and requires minimal or no tooth reduction, except where necessary for caries removal. PMID- 7018940 TI - Clinical applications of direct orthodontic bonding systems. AB - Utilization of direct bonding of attachments to tooth surfaces has greatly facilitated traditional full-banding procedures for patients undergoing complete orthodontic therapy. The bonding of plastic brackets best relegated to maxillary anterior teeth is supplemented with metal bracket bonding for posterior teeth. Buccal tubes attached to metal mesh pads may also be bonded, although conventional orthodontic bands and buccal tubes are ideal for posterior teeth. Bonded metal brackets can accommodate resilient arch wires, torque sectionals, and root paralleling springs. Direct bonding to recently exposed impacted cuspids facilitates elastic traction procedures--once difficult to do before at least partial eruption of these teeth. In addition to the treatment of full orthodontic cases, direct orthodontic bonding is also an adjunct in the correction of single tooth malpositions. The continual improvement of composite resin systems has truly provided a renaissance in orthodontic techniques and has greatly benefited treatment methods. PMID- 7018941 TI - Practical considerations for composite resins and acid etching. PMID- 7018942 TI - Photochemotherapy of Sezary syndrome. PMID- 7018944 TI - Lichen planus pemphigoides: entity or association? PMID- 7018945 TI - [Prolonged effects of training on adipose tissue glucose metabolism and insulin responsiveness in adult rats (author's transl)]. AB - Physical training (forced swimming for 6 weeks) led in resting adult rats modifications of circulating hormones, fuels and substrates, of epididymal adipose tissue composition and of its glucose metabolism. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, cholesterol and insulin were decreased by training. The weight of the epididymal fat pad, its triglyceride content and the mean cell size of adipocytes were significantly diminished. Twenty four hours after the end of the final exercise period, incorporation of D-U-14C-glucose into triglycerides was reduced (P less than 0.01) but the response to insulin was greatly enhanced for swimming rats both for oxidation of labelled glucose (P less than 0.001) and its incorporation into lipids (P less than 0.001) (respectively 215 and 225%). This enhancement of insulin sensitivity by training persisted and became more marked one week after the end of the exercise period (respectively 258 and 363%). PMID- 7018943 TI - [Oral treatment of lamellar ichthyosis (non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma) with an aromatic retinoid (author's transl)]. AB - 3 patients with lamellar ichthyosis have been treated orally with the aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 for periods of more than 2 years. This treatment resulted in a satisfactory improvement in the skin condition without any major side-effects. A light- and electron-microscopic study showed a marked decrease in the thickness of the lamellar stratum corneum without giving any clues concerning the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of this drug. PMID- 7018946 TI - Secretion and biosynthesis of (pro)insulin by pancreatic islets isolated from fetuses of normal and diabetic women. AB - Insulin secretion, biosynthesis and content of isolated pancreatic islets prepared for fetuses of nondiabetic or insulin-dependent diabetic women were investigated in vitro. Glucose failed to stimulate the hormone release during an incubation period of 60 min in islets of fetuses from non-diabetic women. Prolongation of the glucose exposure or the addition of theophylline resulted in a significantly enhanced insulin release. The islets isolated from fetuses of insulin-dependent mothers are glucose-sensitive with respect to hormone release and biosynthesis. The results demonstrated that the human fetal B-cell is glucose sensitive after glucose exposure. The differences between the islets of fetuses of nondiabetic and diabetic women are discussed as a response to the fetal plasma glucose levels. PMID- 7018947 TI - Morphometric studies of pancreatic islets and retinal vessels of rats with streptozotocin-induced latent diabetes. AB - Latent diabetes was induced in rats by injecting subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. Four months later, the pancreas was examined and morphology, number and size of Langerhans islets were studied and compared with those of control and overt diabetic animals. In latent diabetics and in diabetics, islet surface per unit pancreas surface was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in controls. Immunoreactive insulin in beta cells was visualized by the peroxidase reaction and quantitated by densitometry. Assuming insulin in islets of controls equal to 100%, insulin in islets of latent diabetic rats was reduced to 38% (p less than 0.05) and in diabetics to 6% (p less than 0.01). Differences between latent and overt diabetics were not significant. At the same time occurrence of microangiopathy was taken in consideration and the basement membrane thickness of retinal capillaries was measured on electron micrographs by means of an image analyzer. Compared to controls, retinal capillary basement membranes of latent diabetics had increased by 49% (p = 0.01) and of diabetics by 68% (p less than 0.01). Differences between latent diabetics and diabetics were not significant. These observations demonstrate the induction of microangiopathic changes in rats in absence of hyperglycemia and of a genetic prediabetic disposition. Other mechanisms, possibly related to the induced islet abnormality, may be involved in the basement membrane thickening. PMID- 7018948 TI - Modulation of the direct effect of corticosterone upon glucose-induced insulin secretion of rat isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - As a direct inhibiting effect of corticosterone (0.2 mg/l) has been shown upon 16.7 mmoles/l glucose-induced insulin secretion rate of rat islets of Langerhans, modulations of this inhibition were studied. The inhibitory effect was observed over a wide range of stimulatory glucose concentrations (8.3--33.4 mmoles/l), but not with non-stimulating glucose values (0-4.2 mmoles/l). During the steady-state insulin secretory rate induced by glucose 16.7 mmoles/l, the inhibiting effect needed about fifteen minutes to become statistically significant; it persisted as long as the glucose stimulation was maintained, independently of corticosterone presence. The inhibition during a subsequent incubation without corticosterone after a preincubation period with the steroid and glucose concentrations between 4.2 and 11.1 mmoles/l, appeared only if the glucose concentration during the preincubation period was a stimulating one. A minimal steroid presence time (10 min) appeared to be necessary for the induction of the subsequent inhibitory effect of corticosterone in presence of 16.7 mmoles/l glucose. Our data suggest that the inhibition of insulin secretion is constant over a wide range of glucose concentrations on condition that the hormone presence lasts more than ten minutes and glucose concentration is a stimulating one; then it persists as long as a stimulatory glucose concentration is provided. PMID- 7018949 TI - Progesterone and insulin-resistance in the pregnant rat. I. In vivo and in vitro studies. AB - The effects of pregnancy, progesterone treatment and of progesterone added in vitro on insulin-resistance have been assessed in rat adipocytes and hemidiaphragms. In progesterone treated female rats, the steroid antagonized in vivo the hypoglycemic effect of intravenously injected porcine insulin; the same results were obtained when the steroid was injected at the same time as insulin and there was no lag period between its appearance in the blood and its effect on blood glucose levels. Such a rapid effect differs from the generally accepted scheme for steroidal mode of action. The in vitro glucose uptake and oxidation by rat hemidiaphragms or adipocytes, whether or not stimulated by insulin, were decreased during pregnancy and after progesterone treatment of spayed females; the incorporation of [1-14 C]-glucose into glycogen of the diaphragm varied in the same way. However some of these effects were not decreased at 10 days of pregnancy, when progesterone levels only just began to rise. The effect of progesterone on insulin-resistance and glucose metabolism might occur at tissue level. The action of progesterone on adipocyte oxidation of glucose labeled at the C1 and the C6 position suggests that the steroid may act on the pentose cycle. PMID- 7018950 TI - Effects of lisuride and bromocriptine on inhibition of lactation and on serum prolactin levels: comparative double-blind study. AB - The effects of lisuride (Schering) and bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz), two dopaminergic drugs, on the inhibition of puerperal lactation were compared in a double-blind study. At the dosages selected, lisuride was as effective as bromocriptine for the inhibition of lactation but bromocriptine was more effective in lowering serum prolactin levels. PMID- 7018951 TI - Classic illustrations: Researches on prenatal life. PMID- 7018952 TI - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in pregnancy and uterine cancer. AB - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin was investigated in platelet-rich plasma obtained from 12 pregnant women, 5 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix and 5 normal female controls. ADP-, collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, as well as spontaneous platelet aggregation, were estimated. It was shown that platelets from pregnant women and, above all, from women with uterine cancer, are less sensitive to the inhibiting effect of prostacyclin on platelet aggregation. Thus, decreased sensitivity to prostacyclin seems to be another aspect of altered platelet function found in pregnancy and malignancy. PMID- 7018953 TI - Immunological reconstitution of tumour-transplanted and thymus-grafted nude mice. AB - Two different malignant tumours were transplanted prior to or after thymus grafts in nude mice, and the degree of immunological reconstitution was studied. All mice which rejected either of the tumour types had reconstitution as expressed by an excess of splenic plaque-forming cells. The level of response was dependent upon the age of the thymus graft and whether a tumour was transplanted or not. In contrast, the result of the phytohaemagglutinin stimulation assays of spleen cells were always subnormal in thymus-grafted as well as in thymus- plus tumour transplanted mice. PMID- 7018954 TI - Autoantibodies to insulin receptors. AB - In summary, these studies using antibodies to the insulin receptor have provided some new insights into the structure of the insulin receptor and the action of insulin itself. They suggest that most of insulin's actions are mediated through a common pathway and these can be initiated by interaction of ligands other than insulin with the insulin receptor. These include the entire spectrum of metabolic effects (both acute and chronic). Receptor occupancy alone is not sufficient for signal generation. Both insulin and anti-receptor antibody induce receptor aggregation which appears to be required for activity. And finally, although both insulin and anti-receptor antibody are internalized, there is no evidence to suggest that this is important in their action. The growth effect of insulin appears to be mediated via a different pathway. PMID- 7018955 TI - Osteoclast precursor cells are present in the blood of preossification chick embryos. PMID- 7018956 TI - In vitro segregation of the metanephric nephron. PMID- 7018957 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for colocalization in neurite growth cones of actin and myosin and their relationship to cell--substratum adhesions. PMID- 7018958 TI - Cell lineage analysis of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mouse chimeras. PMID- 7018959 TI - Dissociation of the effects of vincristine on stimulated insulin release and the pancreatic beta-cell microtubular structures in the intact rat. PMID- 7018962 TI - Glucose and acetylcholine have different effects on the plateau pacemaker of pancreatic islet cells. AB - Pancreatic islet cell membrane electrical activity has been studied with intracellular microelectrodes in perifused, isolated mouse islets of Langerhans. The dose-response effects of glucose and of acetylcholine on the pattern of electrical activity are compared and are shown to be qualitatively different. Electrical activity in the presence of glucose consists of periodic alterations between a polarized silent phase potential and depolarized plateau phase with superimposed rapid spiking activity. Increasing glucose concentration prolongs the plateau phase, at the expense of the silent phase, and thus increases the the plateau fraction (the fraction of time in each electrical cycle spent in the plateau phase). By contrast, graded doses of acetylcholine, in the presence of stimulatory levels of glucose, had no effect on plateau fraction. Increasing glucose concentration also slightly reduced the frequency of plateaus, whereas increasing acetylcholine markedly increased plateau frequency. Furthermore, changes of glucose concentration had no effect on the potential levels during the plateau and silent phases, while addition of acetylcholine depolarized the silent phase until, at high concentrations of acetylcholine, the combination of increased plateau frequency and silent phase depolarization produced continuous spiking. Addition of acetylcholine to a slightly substimulatory level of glucose depolarized the membrane without, however, inducing periodic spiking activity. The results suggest aht the effects of acetylcholine and glucose are due to different effects on the plateau pacemaker system involved in the regulation of insulin release. PMID- 7018961 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis augments glucose-induced insulin secretion is cultured pancreas. AB - Monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pancreatic cells were examined to ascertain whether they synthesize prostaglandin E (PGE) and to determine the effects on insulin secretion caused by PGE and drugs that inhibit its synthesis. PGE release into the medium was observed. Sodium salicylate and ibuprofen (at drug concentrations similar to those achieved therapeutically in humans in vivo) inhibited PGE synthesis in a dose-responsive fashion to a maximum of 70-80% inhibition. Inhibition of PGE synthesis was accompanied by augmented insulin secretion. Both PGE synthesis inhibitors shifted the glucose dose-insulin response curves to the left at low glucose concentrations and augmented maximal insulin release at high glucose concentrations. Increments in glucose-induced insulin secretion induced by sodium salicylate correlated well (r = 0.89) with inhibition of PGE synthesis and addition of exogenous PGE1 to the cultures reversed the augmenting effects of the drug on insulin secretion. It is concluded that cultures of pancreatic cells synthesize PGE and that a function of PGE in these cultures appears to be a tonic negative modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. PMID- 7018960 TI - Effects of pregnancy and sex steroid administration on skeletal muscle metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7018963 TI - Neonatal pig pseudo-islets. A product of selective aggregation. AB - Pseudo-islets hve been formed form single cell preparations of neonatal porcine pancreas by selective aggregation using the gyrotational tissue culture method for 7 days. Small, distinct aggregates present on the second day of culture gradually enlarged by the seventh day and at that time were taken off for assessment of secreting capabilities and cell type identification. Provocative stimulation and immunocytochemical examination confirmed viable, well-preserved pseudo-islets which contain all four islet cell types. Neonatal pig pseudo-islet formation will allow up to pursue the suitability and growth potential of this source of islet tissue under appropriate immunoaltered conditions as xenograft source of future transplantation studies. PMID- 7018964 TI - Prospective study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Laboratory study fo 109 insulin-dependent diabetics younger than 17 yr of age and resident in greater Montreal at the time on onset of symptoms is reported. The cases were diagnosed during a 2-yr period (1976-1978). Sibling controls were obtained for 72 of the cases studied. Viral titers to coxsackie B, rubella, and mumps virus for the 72 patient-sibling pairs showed no difference in geometric mean titers or in change of titer between samples taken at the time of diagnosis and those taken 28 days later. The incidence of positive islet cell antibody in teh IDdM cases was 68.0% at the time of diagnosis compared with 56.(% 4 wk later. The comparative figures of sibling controls were 4.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The frequency of HLA B8, B15, B18, and B7 antigens were compared both with the sibling controls and a normal control population. Pairing of high risk HLA antigens were found more frequently in cases than controls. There was no difference in geometric mean viral titers in cases with risk risk haplotypes compared with those cases in which such haplotypes were absent. PMID- 7018965 TI - Insulin binding, internalization, and insulin receptor regulation in fibroblasts from type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The ability of insulin to bind, internalize, and regulate its own receptor was investigated in cultured human fibroblasts obtained from 8 normal subjects and 8 patients with type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The ability of the cells from the two groups to bind insulin was the same, and Scatchard analysis demonstrated identical curvilinear plots. When cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, and 125I insulin, the drug led to a marked, but comparable, increase in cell-associated radioactivity in both control and diabetic fibroblasts (236 and 245% increase, respectively). Insulin pretreatment leads to a loss of insulin receptors in cultured human fibroblasts and preincubation with insulin led to a comparable dose-dependent decrease in subsequent insulin binding in both normal and diabetic fibroblasts. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that this decrease in binding was entirely due to a decrease in receptor number with no change in receptor affinity. These data demonstrate normal insulin binding, insulin internalization, and insulin-mediated receptor loss in fibroblasts from patients with with NIDDM, and these cells are several generations removed form the in vivo milieu. Thus, these results provide direct evidence that the well-known decrease in insulin binding in freshly isolated cells from patients with NIDDM, and these cells are several generations removed from the in vivo milieu. Thus, these results provide direct evidence that the well-known decrease in insulin binding in freshly isolated cells form patients with NIDDM is a reflection of environmental factors rather than an intrinsic (genetic) cellular abnormality. PMID- 7018966 TI - Myo-inositol and the maintenance of beta-cell function in cultured rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 7018968 TI - Correlation of urinary excretion of C-peptide with the integrated concentration and secretion rate of insulin. AB - The secretion rate of insulin (SR-I) of 50 normal subjects was calculated from the 24-h integrated concentration of insulin (IC-I), the peripheral metabolic clearance of insulin (pMCR-I), and the mean fractional hepatic insulin extraction (fhMCR-I) that was derived from our data. fhMCR-I was determined as the difference in the molar secretory rate of C-peptide (SR-C) and the molar peripheral clearance of insulin (pMCR-I x IC-I) divided by SR-C. The IC-I in our 50 subjects was 1.19 +/- 0.38 ng/ml and the IC-C was 2.93 +/- 0.58 ng/ml. Based on these data, the fhMCR-I was 0.40 and the Sr-I was estimated to be 54.8 +/- 18.0 U/24 h. The 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion (U-C), 44.9 +/- 20.4 micrograms/24 h, had a statistically significant correlation with SR-I (r = 0.838, P less than 0.0001), while the IC-I correlated significantly with the 24-h urinary C-peptide/g of creatinine (r = 0.838, P less than 0.0001). The U-C may thus serve as a practical method for estimating the SR-I. PMID- 7018969 TI - Differential response to infusions of highly purified and conventional bovine and porcine insulins. AB - The glucose clamp technique allows quantification of tissue sensitivity to insulin without modulation by the effects of hypoglycemia. The amount of glucose infused to maintain euglycemia during an insulin infusion gives a direct measure of tissue sensitivity. We have used this technique to compare the metabolic effects of highly purified porcine, highly purified bovine, and conventional insulins in diabetic subjects: (A) a group normally taking conventional bovine insulin, and (B) diabetics who had originally been treated with conventional bovine insulin and had changed to highly purified porcine insulin. Subjects were studied while attached to Biostator with blood glucose values clamped at the basal level during a 2-h insulin infusion (0.01 U/kg/h). both groups of diabetics received significantly more glucose in the first hour of the monocomponent porcine insulin infusion than during the same period either of conventional or highly purified bovine insulin infusion. Highly purified porcine insulin infusion was also associated with a more rapid fall in blood ketone body concentrations. Highly purified porcine insulin infusion was accompanied by a greater and earlier increase in free insulin concentrations. All diabetics had antibodies to insulin but no differential antibody binding of beef and pork insulin was found in the two groups of patients. Thus, use of highly purified porcine insulin is associated with a more rapid onset of action and a greater initial increment in free insulin values. PMID- 7018970 TI - Urinary excretion and renal clearance of specific plasma proteins in diabetes of short and long duration. PMID- 7018967 TI - Hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses to hypoglycemia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7018971 TI - Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in skeletal muscle: evidence for the involvement of an insulin-dependent serum factor. AB - Previous studies in vivo have shown that the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-controlling enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is markedly decreased in muscle of diabetic rats and is restored to normal by insulin therapy. Also, muscle ODC is diminished by starvation and increased by refeeding. To investigate the basis for these findings, the regulation of ODC was studied in vitro using rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Incubation of muscles from fed rats in Krebs-Henseleit solution resulted in a 75% decrease in ODC activity within 1 h. Addition of insulin and amino acids had no effect; however, 50% rat serum increased ODC activity four- to seven-fold after the initial decrease. Rat serum also increased ODC in muscles from starved rats. The effect of serum was blocked by both cycloheximide and antinomycin D. Serum from diabetic rats was only 50% as effective as serum from normal rats in increasing ODC activity. Addition of physiologic levels of insulin to diabetic serum had no effect; however, treatment of diabetic rats with insulin in vivo restored serum activity to normal. These findings suggest that insulin modulates the synthesis of ODC via production of a second circulating factor, the activity of which is diminished in serum of diabetic rats. They also suggest that the stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis by this factor may be an integral component of the growth promoting effect of insulin on muscle in vivo. PMID- 7018972 TI - Kinetic analysis of the response of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide to glucagon injection in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - A compartmental model formed by plasma glucose, proinsulin, insulin, and C peptide was proposed to allow a quantitative evaluation of the interrelationship among the different components of the system and to obtain a better discrimination between normal and pathologic subjects. In 11 control subjects, in 6 mild diabetics, and in 9 severe diabetics (insulin-dependent), the kinetics of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide after an i.v. injection of glucagon (sampling for about 120 min) were fitted to the model which was solved with digital computing techniques. Since biphasic plasma insulin and C-peptide kinetics were demonstrated in many normals and mild diabetics, the effect of glucagon in the model was represented by a differential plus a proportional effect. The model (formed by 6 compartments and 14 transfer constants) takes into account the fact that insulin and C-peptide derive monomolecularly from proinsulin and that liver inactivates insulin. The values of the parameters obtained were submitted to stepwise discriminant analysis in order to obtain their relative importance in discriminating among the three groups of subjects. With respect to normal subjects, we found in diabetics an increased inflow of glucose into plasma; a decreased effect of glucagon in promoting the proinsulin response; a decreased effect of glucose in promoting the proinsulin response; a decreased glucose utilization; a lower coupling effect of insulin on glucose; and a higher disappearance rate of C-peptide. We observed a lower formation of insulin and C-peptide from proinsulin in severe diabetics. PMID- 7018973 TI - The mechanism of impaired T3 production from T4 in diabetes. PMID- 7018974 TI - Insulin binding and glucose uptake differences in rodent skeletal muscles. AB - Insulin binding and 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake were compared in the soleus, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, in vitro, since the known biochemical profile of the soleus differs markedly from the other two. The present study showed that insulin binding increased in all three muscles with increasing concentrations of insulin in the range of 0.2-30 nM. However, the increase in binding of insulin to soleus at each insulin concentration exceeded that observed in the other two muscles (P less than 0.05). Differences between the plantaris and EDL were not significant. The quantity of insulin bound at each concentration also increased more rapidly in the soleus than in either the plantaris (P less than 0.05) or EDL (P less than 0.05). Basal and insulin stimulated uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose was also greater in the soleus than in the other muscles (P less than 0.05). Maximal 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake occurred at 1 nM insulin in each of the three muscles. These results indicate that in metabolically distinct types of skeletal muscles glucose uptake can differ markedly, and this is related to differences in the insulin binding capacities of these muscles. PMID- 7018975 TI - Nesidioblastosis of the pancreas in infancy. PMID- 7018977 TI - Effect of leukemia and methotrexate on digestive enzymes in the jejunum of mice. AB - A leukemic mouse model was employed to elucidate the separate effect of leukemia and cytotoxic drugs on the jejunal mucosa and its associated digestive enzymes. The mitotic activity, depth of the crypt and villus-crypt quotient were not significantly changed in leukemic mice in comparison to normal mice. The mitotic activity and the depth of the crypt 48 h after 20 mg methotrexate (MTX)/kg were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in leukemic mice. Sucrase (p less than 0.001) and maltase (p less than 0.025) activities in the jejunum from leukemic mice were significantly elevated in comparison with non-leukemic controls. In both non-leukemic and leukemic mice, the dose-response curves for MTX administration revealed a significant decrease and a nadir in sucrase (p less than 0.001) and maltase (p less than 0.0025) activities at the dosage of 20 mg/kg. Thus, in the mouse model, leukemia per se does not contribute to significant diminution in small intestinal function. In the small intestine, MTX appears to be responsible for a decrease in the mitotic activity of crypt cells, depth of the crypt and diminished sucrase and maltase activities. PMID- 7018976 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: reappraisal and new hypothesis. AB - Germinal matrix hemorrhage leading to intraventricular hemorrhage results from an excessive pressure gradient between the blood-vessel lumen and the surrounding brain tissue. This gradient may be caused by increased intravascular pressure or- as this paper hypothesises--by decreased tissue pressure. Brain-tissue pressure depends on water content, and it decreases when water moves out of the brain, as occurs in conditions associated with dehydration, plasma hyperosmolality or hypotension. Such conditions occur frequently in premature infants, which may explain why intraventricular hemorrhage develops with a delay after birth. Its coincidence in time with postnatal head-shrinkage and its association with plasma hyperosmolality, hyperosmolar alkali therapy and hypotension strengthen the hypothesis of a cause and effect relationship between reduced cerebral tissue pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 7018978 TI - Captopril approved for hypertension. PMID- 7018979 TI - [Double-blind cross-over study of the anti-hypertensive effectiveness of mepindolol, hydrochlorothiazide and their combination]. PMID- 7018980 TI - [Cardiological aspects of antineoplastic therapy]. PMID- 7018981 TI - [Gastric emptying of a meal. Recent advances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018982 TI - [Virus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and non-specific enterocolitis]. PMID- 7018983 TI - [Is it possible and desirable to detect the hepatotoxicity of a drug before its commercialization?]. PMID- 7018984 TI - [Drug monitoring and liver diseases induced by perhexiline maleate]. PMID- 7018986 TI - Massive gas embolism in E. coli septicemia. AB - The case of an elderly women with radiographic evidence of gas within her portal vein as well as the iliac and femoral arteries is presented. The underlying cause proved to be E. coli septicemia. Differential diagnosis and clinical significance of intravascular gas are reviewed. PMID- 7018985 TI - [The migrating motor complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7018987 TI - American Gastroenterological Association. Our new president, Malcolm P. Tyor. PMID- 7018988 TI - Gastric cytoprotection by epidermal growth factor. Role of endogenous prostaglandins and DNA synthesis. PMID- 7018989 TI - Detection of colonic antigen(s) in tissues from ulcerative colitis using purified colitis colon tissue-bound IgG (CCA-IgG). AB - In our report of a disease-specific colonic tissue-bound antibody (CCA) from patients with ulcerative colitis (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:4528), crude CCA was largely fragmented, and the yield was small. We have modified the extraction procedure to increase the yield of intact IgG present in CCA by sequential elution, storage of tissues in presence of a protease inhibitor, 2 mM Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride, and use of Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride in extraction buffers. Intact CCA-IgG was purified using protein A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. 125I-CCA-IgG formed immune complexes in vitro with the aqueous extracts of colonic mucosa from 5 patients with ulcerative colitis but not from 6 patients with Crohn's disease and 6 normal colons from patients with carcinoma (p less than 0.01). We also performed reverse experiments by iodination of the colonic mucosal extracts with Bolton-Hunter reagent and incubating them with several preparations of CCA-IgG. Mucosal extracts of colon from 3 patients with ulcerative colitis bound significantly with CCA-IgG when compared with the identical extracts from 3 patients with Crohn's disease, 3 with a normal colon (p less than 0.005), and with the control human IgG (p less than 0.025). These studies demonstrate a better method of extraction and purification of intact CCA IgG. Intact CCA-IgG binds to a specific protein(s) present in the homogenates of colonic mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis but not from patients with Crohn's disease and normal colon. PMID- 7018990 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and intestinal venulitis. AB - A 22-yr-old woman with a 7-yr history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with anasarca and a serum albumin of 0.8 g/dl. Renal and hepatic function were near normal; the major route of protein loss appeared to be the intestine. A full thickness section of jejunum obtained at laparotomy demonstrated a severe, diffuse vasculitis involving the venules of the submucosa and muscularis externa with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and deposits of C3. There was a similar focal damage of the walls of the small vessels in the lamina propria, and deposits of C3 and fibrinogen in a thickened basement membrane of the intestinal villi. This report documents that in systemic lupus erythematosus the intestine can be affected with a vasculitis similar to that seen in the skin and can cause thickening of the basement membrane of intestinal villi. These lesions may be responsible for protein-losing enteropathy. PMID- 7018991 TI - Clinical conference. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 7018992 TI - Prostacyclin inhibition and ulcerogenesis. PMID- 7018993 TI - Steroids in acute hepatitis. PMID- 7018994 TI - [The spiritual bond in nature; mathematic-musical acoustics as structure-analytic method. X: the 7 pyramids of the ancient world (conclusion)]. PMID- 7018995 TI - [The early diagnosis of pregnancy by the enzyme immunoassay of beta-1 glycoprotein (sp1) (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme immunologic determination of SP1 in the serum is suitable for the early diagnosis of pregnancy from 14 days after ovulation onwards. In the control group of 64 non-pregnant and of healthy men no SP1 was detected in the serum. At least six weeks after the cessation of trophoblast activity SP1 can still be detected in the serum. The enzyme immunoassay technique of SP1 in the serum has a high sensitivity of 1 ng/SP1/ml serum and a short measuring time of 2 1/2-4 hours. This test is therefore excellent for the early diagnosis of pregnancy. PMID- 7018997 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in inflammation: new aspects of autopharmacology. PMID- 7018996 TI - [Ernst Grafenberg, the life and medical accomplishments of the gynaecologist from Kiel. In honor of his 100th birthday on September 26, 1981 (author's transl)]. AB - In honor of the 100th birthday of E. Grafenberg born on September 26, 1981 his biography is reported. This ingenious researcher suffered heavy blows by fate. During his residency in gynaecology in Kiel, Grafenberg published important scientific papers (for instance on Grafenbergstheory of malignant spread) and he studied the physiology of implantation with special reference of the tryptic enzymes of the membranes. As a specialist in gynaecology Grafenberg developed a method to prevent implantation of the egg based on his studies of implantation. His intra-uterine ring was named Grafenberg ring. It took until two years after the death of Grafenberg until the modification of his method of family planning was accepted throughout the world in 1959. PMID- 7018998 TI - ["Killer" plasmid mutants obtained by exposure to 5-fluorouracil]. AB - Weak killers were tolerated from a killer strain of type k2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by treatment with 5-fluorouracil. They segregated sensitive clones during vegetative growth with a frequency from 2 to 20 per cent (nonstable killers, Knst mutants). Alteration of killer activity in these mutants is the result of a mutation in the cytoplasmic killer determinant (KIL-k). The mutant form of this determinant, KIL-nst, partially suppresses the wild type determinant. K-nst have the same dsRNA composition as the wild type killer strain. In some mutants the decrease in M dsRNA amount is possible. The segregation of sensitive mitotic clones of these mutants is probably connected with secondary alterations of the KIL-nst determinant. PMID- 7018999 TI - [Genetic effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Effect of radiosensitivity mutations on lethal and mutagenic effects]. AB - Study of the lethal effect of NMU on radiosensitive strains rad2, rad54 and xrs2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has demonstrated that the mutations rad2 and rad54 increase the sensitivity of these strains to low doses of the mutagen. Mutations rad2, rad54 and xrs2 decreases the mutagenic effect of NMU. The study of nature of mutations induced by NMU in ade2 locus has shown that they are mainly the base substitutions. Mutations of radiosensitivity do not influence the nature of NMU induced mutations in ade2 locus. PMID- 7019001 TI - [Combined action of UV light and alpha particles on yeast cells of different genotypes]. AB - Combined action of ultraviolet (UV) light and alpha-particles on yeast cells of different genotypes has been studied. Under combined action, after small doses of UV-light the oscillated changes of cell survival were registered for wild-type cells independent of the ploidy and the sequence of application of radiations. Additive effect of high doses of UV-light and ionizing radiation was expressed for strains incapable of the recovery of damages induced by ionizing radiation. For yeast cells possessing such a capability, the synergistic interaction of damages inflicted by high doses of UV-light and alpha-particles was noted. Possible reasons of the observed cell responses are discussed. PMID- 7019003 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (December 1980)]. PMID- 7019000 TI - [Mutation affecting the promotor region of the Escherichia coli K-12 deo-operon]. AB - It was shown that the strain SA1030 (Das et al., 1976) contains a mutation (deoPx), which decreases deoR regulated expression of the deo operon. Thymine dependent strain harbouring deoPx mutation decreases requirement in thymine up to 8-10 microgram/ml. The deoPx mutation causes 9 fold and 3 fold decrease in the activity of thymidine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively in cytR-deoR- strains, i.e. under the conditions of maximal derepression of the operon. The presence of cya mutation in deoPx background causes reduction of the activity of both enzymes to basal level, no matter whether cytR or deoR repressor proteins are present or not. It is supposed that deoPx mutation blocks the activity of the deoP promoter, while the cytP promoter remains unchanged. On the other hand, the deoR mutation gives rise to a rather high level of the activity of deo enzymes in cya+cytR+ strains harbouring deoPx mutation, as compared to those found in the corresponding deoR+ strains. These data may be explained by the conception that two repressor proteins function in a cooperation with respect to repression of the deo-genes (Hammer-Jespersen, Munch Petersen, 1975). The deoPx mutation is cotransducible (approximately 50%) with the thr gene and is located near the deo operon to the left of dra, indicating the order of markers on the chromosome to be deoPx--dra--thr. In transduction and conjugation matings deoPx mutation is characterized by a very low frequence or the absence of integration into the chromosomes of some recipient strains. These data, suggest that deoPx mutation is the result of a rearrangement of genetic material in the promoter region of the deo operon. PMID- 7019002 TI - [Mechanism of mutant induction in the ade2 gene of diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts by ultraviolet rays]. AB - Ultraviolet light (UV) at 3000 ergs/mm-2 induces ade2 mutants with a frequency about 10(-4) in wild-type haploid strains of yeast and about 10(-5) in diploid wild-type strains. UV irradiation effectively induced mitotic segregation of ade2 in the heterozygous diploid (the frequency of segregation is 6%). Interallelic complementation and localization spectra are similar for mutations induced both in haploids and diploids. The occurrence of ade2 mutants in diploids correlated with mitotic segregation of the marker his8 which is situated in the same arm of XY chromosome as ade2 is, distal to the centromere. Our data about the frequency of ade2 mutants in diploids and haploids, the frequency of ade2 mitotic segregation, mitotic segregation of other markers and genetic characteristics of ade2 mutations confirm the suggestion that the major mechanism of diploid ade2 mutants appearance is mutation in one of the two ADE2 alleles and consequent mitotic homozygotisation of mutation as a result of mitotic crossingover between ade2 and the centromere. PMID- 7019005 TI - [Table method of the component expansion of phenotypic variance based on correlations between relatives]. AB - Tables are proposed which allow to ease and unify calculations of component partitioning of the phenotype variance based on the "least squares methods". Combinations of additive and dominant genetic components and four common environmental ones are considered. To use tables, information is needed about correlations among following types of relatives: 1) MZ and DZ twins, parent offspring; 2) siblings, parent-offspring, second degree relatives; 3) the first variant and sibling; 4) the third variant and second degree relatives. PMID- 7019004 TI - [Genetic effects of the breakdown of tritium incorporated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. IV. The lethal and mutagenic effects and the nature of the mutations induced by tritium breakdown in the 5th position of cytosine]. AB - We have studied in lethal and mutagenic effects and the nature of mutations induced by 3H decays in the 5-th position of cytosine (5-3H-C). The lethal efficiency was determined as alpha 1 = (10.3 +/- 6.7) x 10(-3) decay-1 or alpha 1 = (12.9 +/- 9.4) x 10(-5) rad-1 and the mutagen efficiency for ade1, ade2 genes - as alpha m = (4.3 +/- 2.3) x 10(-7) decay-1 or alpha m = (5.4 +/- 2.9) x 10(-9) rad-1. For ade2 gene the spectrum of mutations induced by 5-3H-C was as follows: 1% of frameshifts and 99% of base pair substitutions -- 9% of transversions, 3% of AT leads to GC transitions and 87% of GC leads to AT transitions. Our results establish the 5-3H-C as one of the most effective and specific mutagens reported so far for yeast. According to the scheme of Krasin with coworkers, the final product of 3H decay in the 5-th position of cytosine is uracil. Our calculations show that more than 90% of uracil residues are removed from the yeast genome by cell repair systems. PMID- 7019007 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (January 1981)]. PMID- 7019008 TI - [Relationship of Escherichia coli K-12 cell viability and mutability to the balance of DNA and protein syntheses. V. The effect of the balance of DNA and protein syntheses in thymine starvation on the mutability of thy- cells deficient in polA-, polB- and polC--genes]. PMID- 7019009 TI - The araC gene of Escherichia coli: transcriptional and translational start-points and complete nucleotide sequence. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli araC gene and flanking regions have been determined from a series of overlapping fragments using the technique of base-specific chemical cleavage of Maxam and Gilbert (1980). The nucleotide sequence of araC gene was confirmed by the partial amino acid sequences of araC protein and its methionine peptides. The primary structure of araC polypeptide consists of 291 amino acid residues, giving it a chemical molecular weight of 33 314 daltons. The transcriptional start-point has been deduced from the sequence of araC mRNA synthesized in vitro and in vivo, and it is located 148 bp away from the transcriptional start-point of the araBAD operon. The translational start point for the araC gene was deduced from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein, and is located 165 bp from the 5'-end of araC mRNA. There is, therefore, a leader sequence of 164 bp preceding the araC gene. PMID- 7019006 TI - [In memory of Boris Nikolaevich Sidorov]. PMID- 7019010 TI - Cloning and expression of Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast DNA in Escherichia coli. AB - The kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma brucei is made of two components: mini-circles (1 kb, 90% of total kDNA) and maxi-circles (20 kb, 10%) of total kDNA). These are interlocked to form a network of about 10 000 kb. In order to analyse the components of such a network structure, we have cloned individual mini-circle molecules and two of the three EcoRI maxi-circle fragments in E. coli. Cloned mini-circles are somewhat heterogeneous in size and their restriction patterns are completely different. Despite this heterogeneity all are found to contain a homologous region(s) defined by DNA/DNA hybridization. The maxi-circles probably correspond to the mitochondrial DNA of other organisms and, in contrast to mini circles, do not show sequence heterogeneity. One of the two cloned maxi-circle EcoRI fragments is able to direct the synthesis of two polypeptides of 10 300 and 13 500 daltons in E. coli mini-cells. Detailed analysis of this phenomenon shows that both structural genes and promoter(s) are located within the cloned maxi circle fragment. PMID- 7019011 TI - Isolation of plasmids carrying either the uvrC or uvrC uvrA and ssb genes of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A 3.4 kb PstI fragment containing the uvrC gene of Escherichia coli K-12 has been cloned into pBR322. Plasmids carrying this PstI fragment, in either orientation (pGY3233, pGY4211) relative to the cloning vehicle, complement uvrC mutants. A second plasmid (pGY3243) with a 21 kb HindIII fragment is shown to complement mutations in uvrA and ssb (single-strand binding protein). A composite plasmid (pGY4610) containing pBR322 and PstI fragments derived from pGY3233 (3.4 kb) and pGY3243 (11.05 kb) complements the uvrC, uvrA and ssb mutations. PMID- 7019012 TI - [Results of treatment of cervix incompetence]. PMID- 7019013 TI - [Prevention and treatment of blood coagulation disorders in pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7019014 TI - [Pregnancy and immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 7019016 TI - Isolation and some characteristics of urokinase inhibitors isolated from pig leucocytes. AB - Two inhibitors of urokinase were isolated from the extracts of the nuclei of peripheral pig leucocytes, by ion exchange chromatography and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-150. Only the inhibitor with the higher molecular weight was isolated in the homogenous form, in a single polypeptide chain with molecular weight of 68,000, designated Inhibitor-3. This inhibitor has an isoelectric point from 4.4 to 4.5 and is stable in buffer solutions from pH 3 to 8, and belongs to the type of so-called fast reacting inhibitors. PMID- 7019017 TI - [Surgical correction of pathologic interdigital webs (a new incision technic)]. AB - For the correction of contracted interdigital webs with or without contractures, a flap plasty is recommended in the form of a rectangular dorsal flap with two triangular flaps from the palmar side. With this method the skin graft, otherwise often indispensable, is rendered unnecessary. PMID- 7019015 TI - Effects of angiotensin II analog on blood pressure, renin and aldosterone in women on oral contraceptives and toxemia. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of hypertension was studied by infusing an angiotensin II analog, 1-Sar, 8-Ile angiotensin II, in women with toxemia and women on estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or estrogen treatment. In 3 of 4 women who developed hypertension on oral contraceptives or estrogen treatment, the blood pressure was reduced with the infusion of 1-Sar, 8-Ile angiotensin II. In 3 women who remained normotensive on oral contraceptives or estrogen treatment, the blood pressure was not reduced, although there was no significant difference in plasma renin activity (PRA) between the women who developed hypertension and those who remained normotensive on oral contraceptives. In 6 pregnant women who developed hypertension, the blood pressure increased remarkably with the infusion of 1-Sar, 8-Ile angiotensin II, although PRA was increased significantly in all of them. In these women, however, sodium excretion was less than that in normal pregnant women. In 4 normal pregnant women, the blood pressure remained unchanged or increased slightly, and PRA was almost similar to that of women who developed hypertension. The above results suggest that increased PRA in women who developed hypertension whilst on estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or estrogen treatment is more closely related to the development or maintenance of hypertension than that in pregnant women who develop hypertension, although there remains a possibility that the response of blood pressure to 1-Sar, 8-Ile angiotensin II in pregnant women who develop hypertension is influenced by sodium retention. PMID- 7019018 TI - [Late results of microscopic nerve suturing and nerve transplantation]. AB - 20 patients with 30 damaged nerves have been reexamined after direct suture and nerve grafts respectively transplantation. The results obtained have been evaluated according to the principles of HIGHET and SEDDON as well as to those of CLEMENS. In 61% of the cases a good sensibility was retrieved. The results concerning motor function were found to be surprisingly satisfactory. The transplantation of short grafts showed especially good results. According to CLEMENS the reconstruction of the nerves was successful in 65% of the cases. The most satisfactory results were obtained at the median nerve. PMID- 7019019 TI - [Training in microsurgical vascular anastomosis]. PMID- 7019020 TI - [The double-innervated dorsal index finger flap]. AB - The double-innervated flap is raised from the dorsal surface of the index in a width of three to four centimeters and includes both dorsal digital nerves. This flap provides for tactile sensation to the major part of the prehension area of the thumb including the first web. It seems that this flap has a functional advantage over the various island flaps used to restore sensibility to the thumb pulp. PMID- 7019021 TI - The current status of platelet and granulocyte transfusions. AB - During the past decade significant progress has been made in the preparation and use of platelet and granulocyte transfusions. The most important indication for platelet transfusion is the treatment of bleeding episodes in thrombocytopenic patients due to bone marrow aplasia, leukaemia, or chemotherapy of various malignancies. The clinical efficacy of granulocyte transfusions has been evaluated in several controlled clinical trials. The results indicate that granulocyte transfusions were most effective in patients who have severe bone marrow failure which did not improve during antibiotic therapy. ABO and HLA typing are carried out on donors and recipients. Due to the high polymorphism of the HLA system, it is, however, difficult to find a compatible donor-recipient pair. PMID- 7019022 TI - Measurements of extracellular immunoglobulins as an index of B cell function. AB - We have developed a method for measuring the activation or suppression of B cells in culture by determination of immunoglobulins released into the extracellular fluid, using a conventional, nonisotopic assay. To avoid the interference of human serum proteins in the assays, cultures were established in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. This caused some B cell activation, as reflected by the release of small amounts of immunoglobulins (1.5 to 0.7 microgram/ml IgG, 0.8 to 1.4 microgram/ml IgA, 0.6 to 0.7 microgram/ml IgM on day 7), but pokeweed mitogen stimulation resulted in the release of substantially larger amounts of immunoglobulins (8.2 to 4.6 microgram/ml IgG, 3.8 to 2.9 microgram/ml IgA, 8.0 to 4.0 microgram/ml IgM on day 7). Stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I) also resulted in release of immunoglobulins, with somewhat higher levels of IgM, and the release was inhibited by a suppressive substance obtained from Streptococcus intermedius. Time-course curves for immunoglobulin production by cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and S. aureus showed interesting individual variations, but in general the levels began to rise consistently by day 4 or 5 and maximum levels were reached by day 7. These studies show that determination of extracellular immunoglobulins can be used as an index of B cells activation in routine studies. PMID- 7019023 TI - Evaluation of methods for quantitating erythrocyte antibodies and description of a new method using horseradish peroxidase-labelled antiglobulin. AB - Concentrates of anti-D and rabbit anti-human globulin (AHG) prepared by standard elution and ammonium sulphate precipitation methods were labelled with 125I and 131I and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The number of anti-D molecules attached per rbc ranged from 12,500 to 21,300 for the various phenotypes studied and the label of D-negative rbc never exceeded 3.4% of these values. With 131I-AHG the uptake by control D-negative cells averaged 13% of the uptake by D-positive cells. It was also found that the average ratio of AHG molecules reacting with each IgG molecule was between 2.6 and 3.3 in free solution regardless of the label but was between 3.4 and 7.5 on rbc and ghosts with 131I-AHG and 3 or lower with HRP-AHG. A colorimetric procedure for quantitating IgG antibodies on rbc ghosts is described using HRP-labelled-AHG and o-dianisidine as the hydrogen donor. The method is very sensitive and useful for the detection of coating antibodies but cannot be used for precise quantitation because about 50% of the IgG molecules on rbc are lost in preparing the ghosts. An AutoAnalyzer method for estimating the number of antibodies attached to red cells is briefly described. Direct measurements of numbers of antigens receptors with radiolabeled specific antibodies gave the most reproducible results. Labelled rabbit AHG was not as good because the ratio of AHG to IgG varied. The AutoAnalyzer method may prove useful because of its convenience. PMID- 7019024 TI - An appreciation: J. J. van Loghem. PMID- 7019025 TI - Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia: platelet antibody detection using the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT). AB - Two cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are presented. Using the indirect immunofluorescence test on platelets in suspension, the presence of non agglutinating platelet specific antibodies with the specificity anti-Zwa could be demonstrated. In both cases diagnosis of alloimmunization was made before delivery of a second child, typing of the family was done and recommendations could be made concerning clinical management. Compatibility testing between the mother's serum and donor platelets (Zwa-negative) was predictable of a normal transfused platelet survival in the newborn. PMID- 7019026 TI - Nonsecretory multiple myeloma. PMID- 7019027 TI - Physico-chemical investigations of immunoglobulin structure in solution. PMID- 7019028 TI - Conformational flexibility of antibody molecules. PMID- 7019029 TI - Correspondence between structure and function of immunoglobulin G subclasses. PMID- 7019030 TI - Effect of platelet homogenate on platelet production of bone-marrow-transplanted mice. AB - Haemopoiesis of mice was reconstituted with 1 X 10(6) bone marrow cells after 800 r total body irradiation. Then their megakaryocytopoiesis was inhibited by platelet homogenates given at different points of time on three subsequent days. The effect was measured by the peripheral platelet counts on the 14th day after transplantation when the platelet count of irradiated and marrow-transplanted CFLP animals was 410 X 10(9)/l, and that of CBA mice was 185 X 10(9)/1. Platelet homogenates prepared from 1-2.5 X 10(8) platelets daily given on days 1, 2 and 3 did not significantly reduce the peripheral platelet count estimated on the 14th day, while homogenates given on days 8, 9 and 10 reduced it markedly. Homogenates prepared from 0.7-1.0 X 10(6) white blood cells did not influence the 14th day platelet count. Thus, platelet homogenates exert their inhibitory effect at a late stage of platelet production, i.e. not by an inhibition of thrombopoietin or a thrombopoietin effect. PMID- 7019031 TI - The combination of IgM subunits and proteolytic IgG fragment by controlled formation of interchain disulphides. PMID- 7019033 TI - A random controlled study of the prophylactic effect of lysozyme chloride on post transfusion hepatitis. AB - In a study designed to determine the preventive effect of lysozyme on post transfusion hepatitis, 260 patients with orthopedic diseases, who received blood by transfusion during a period of 5 years from June 1970 to May 1975, were divided at random into a group of 123 patients treated with lysozyme is doses of 60 to 170 mg/day for 4 to 24 weeks, and a control group of 137 patients. The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis was 10 (8.1%) out of 123 patients for the treated group, and 28 (20.4%) out of 137 patients for the control group. Icteric hepatitis occurred in 1 (0.8%) patient in the treated group, while its incidence in the control group was 8 (5.8%) out of 137 patients. PMID- 7019032 TI - [Changes in glucose, insulin and free fatty acid concentrations in blood under urethane and alpha-chloralose anesthesia in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019034 TI - Preparation and biological properties of [LeuB24, LeuB25]human insulin. PMID- 7019035 TI - On the steady-state reaction mechanism of yeast seryl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7019036 TI - Protecting the personal funds of the mentally retarded: new federal regulations. AB - In July 1980 the federal government established new requirements for protecting the personal funds of residents of intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded. The regulations grew out of dissatisfaction with state laws and with the Department of Health and Human Services' earlier regulations governing facilities receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds, and were a response to the Medicare-Medicaid Anti-Fraud and Abuse Amendments of 1977. The new regulations give patients the choice of managing their own financial affairs, appointing a representative to manage them, or authorizing the facility to hold, safeguard, and account for their funds. Facilities' responsibilities include informing residents of their rights and obligations concerning their funds, keeping records of all transactions involving funds held for residents, allowing residents or representatives reasonable access to funds and records, keeping residents' and institutional monies separate, and using existing agencies such as public guardians' offices to address the cases of incompetent residents who lack representatives. HHS has assigned primary enforcement responsibility to state Medicaid agencies. PMID- 7019038 TI - Medicaid cap will widen health gap. PMID- 7019037 TI - Medical staff plan can avert physician staffing problems. PMID- 7019039 TI - States' reactions to federal Medicaid cuts still uncertain. PMID- 7019040 TI - Medicare beneficiary aide plan relieves reimbursement woes. PMID- 7019041 TI - Interleukin-2 dependent culture of cytolytic T cell lines. PMID- 7019042 TI - Long-term culture of epithelial cells from the normal rat colon. AB - Serial passage cultures of colonic epithelial cells from young rats have been maintained for more than 6 months in Eagle's minimum essential medium buffered with HEPES (25 mM) and supplemented with 2.5% fetal bovine serum, 0.5 micrograms/ml insulin, 5.0 micrograms/ml transferrin, and antibiotics. The cells proliferated in this medium with a population doubling time of approximately 53 h. The cells retained differentiated morphology as evidenced by secretory activity and the presence of secretory granules, microvilli, tonofilaments, and desmosomal junctions. Further, cells at the fourth passage had normal karyotypes with 42 chromosomes and exhibited anchorage dependent growth. High concentrations of fetal bovine serum (10 to 15%) exerted toxic effects on the colonic epithelial cell cultures. PMID- 7019044 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in E. coli during growth in high glucose medium. PMID- 7019043 TI - Plasma renin activity in normotensive Indian population. PMID- 7019045 TI - A neutral proteinase isolated from goat skin. PMID- 7019046 TI - [Permeability barrier of bacterial cell envelopes as cause of resistance to antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - The uptake of antibiotics into bacterial cells depends on the structures and mechanisms involved in general transport of substrates. Because of their different molecular architecture, the distinct layers of the cell envelope differ in permeability. The cell-wall of gram-positive bacteria, which is simply structured, is therefore more permeable to a series of antibiotics than is the gram-negative cell-wall which is built like other biological membranes. The energy dependent uptake of many antimetabolic antibiotics in managed by the selective transport systems of the cytoplasmic membrane. In the case of antibiotics, which are not analogous in structure with metabolites, the dependence of the drug on active transport is less obvious. The uptake of antibiotics may even be influenced by the target-site of the drug in the cytoplasm. An example is the accumulation of aminoglycoside antibiotics which is initiated by binding of the drugs to the ribosome. The autoinduction of aminoglycoside uptake is associated with an increased transport of polyamines. The broad variety of modes of resistance, based on permeability, results from the large number of components involved in the uptake of antibiotics. Resistance of bacteria can depend on alterations of every layer of the cell envelope. The existence of a capsule can cause resistance, as well as the specific loss of protein components of the outer membrane, which are involved in the uptake of special substrates. The exclusion of antimetabolites by the loss of the cognate transport system yields well defined resistance. By contrast, resistance towards a wide variety of unrelated antibiotics results from the uncoupling of energization and transport phenomena. Resistance based on reduced uptake becomes even more complex when the modification of the target site alters the accumulation of antibiotics. Far beyond common mechanisms is the ability of cells to actively excrete antibiotics. Far beyond common mechanisms is the ability of cells to actively excrete antibiotics that have already penetrated. The induction of selective export systems for tetracyclines is not dependent on activities of cell-borne transport systems but is a consequence of the acquisition of resistance plasmids. PMID- 7019047 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated effects in bancroftian filariasis. AB - The nature of immunoglobulin and effector cells involved in the antibody dependent cell-mediated adhesion and cytotoxicity to Wuchereria bancrofti larvae has been investigated. Human neutrophils and eosinophils purified from peripheral blood by metrizamide gradients readily adhered to the parasites in presence of IgG fraction of sera from majority of elephantiasis cases with amicrofilaraemia and many of the endemic normals. The cells from normal, microfilariae and elephantiasis cases were equally effective inthe adhesion reaction. While the adhered neutrophils killed the larvae, eosinophils were ineffective in this respect. DEC treatment of elephantiasis cases results in a significant reduction in the ability of their sera to promote cellular adhesion. PMID- 7019048 TI - In vitro synthesis of antibody to specific bacterial lipopolysaccharide by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody to specific bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum and in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). Antibody to LPS (derived from a single strain of Escherichia coli isolated from each patient's stool), was detected in the sera of each patient to a 10(-4) dilution. Only one of four control sera was positive at the 10(-4) dilution, with the others positive at 10(-3) dilution. Antibody to LPS was detected in the culture supernatants in three of the four patients and in none of the control subjects. Supernatants from patient cultures pretreated with mitomycin C or harvested after 1 day of incubation did not have detectable antibody. These results indicate that we can expand, in vitro, the population of peripheral blood B lymphocytes obtained from patients with AC and cause them to synthesize antibody against specific LPS from their own gut flora. PMID- 7019049 TI - Autoantibody responses to liver-specific lipoprotein in mice. AB - Autoantibody to the hepatocyte membrane antigen, liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP) was induced in mice by immunization with LSP-containing protein preparations from human, rat, rabbit and mouse liver and also with purified allogeneic LSP. Each of the strains of mice used (C57B1, BALB/c, C3H) showed the capacity to produce high titre autoantibody to LSP. Autoantibody to LSP demonstrated by passive haemagglutination was absorbed by normal mouse hepatocytes but not by kidney or spleen cells and reacted with the cell membrane of normal mouse hepatocytes by immunofluorescence. The liver was examined histologically in all mice and where inflammation was found it was attributable to the Freund's complete adjuvant used in immunization rather than liver protein immunogen. The demonstration of high titre autoantibody to LSP in mice without associated hepatitis contrasts with chronic hepatitis in man and experimental chronic hepatitis in rabbits where autoantibodies to LSP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7019050 TI - Enhancement of the in vitro antibody response in dietary protein restriction. Failure in the regulation of antibody synthesis. AB - We have studied the antibody response in vitro of spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice kept on a protein deficient (D) or a normal diet (N). Short or long term protein restriction initiated after weaning led to increased plaque forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), TNP-ficoll and TNP lipopolysaccharide. The influence of dietary restriction on the suppression of the antibody response to SRBC was studied in mixed cultures of antigen sensitized and fresh, non-immune cells from either D or N donors. Addition of pre-sensitized D or N cells to non immune N spleen cells in a 1:1000 ratio resulted in marked suppression of the PFC response whereas co-cultures of pre-sensitized cells and non-immune D spleen cells did not result in significant suppression. Similarly, non-immune T cells from DF mice exerted a lower suppressor effect than non-immune T cells from N mice. Either dietary restriction or low dose cyclophosphamide treatment of the donors of non-immune spleen cells determined a similar reduction in suppression. It is suggested that nutritional deficiency selectively depletes short-lived suppressor effector lymphocytes which are activated in the presence of antigen stimulated inducer cells. PMID- 7019051 TI - A lack of correlation between antigen-specific cellular reactions and resistance to Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection in mice. AB - Following infection subcutaneously in the footpad with 10(7) Mycobacterium lepraemurium organisms C57BL mice were able to limit multiplication of organisms at the infection site for the 6 months studied and to limit organism spread to the draining lymph node. Large numbers of organisms were present in the footpad and draining lymph node of BALB/c mice at 6 months. In spite of this difference in local immunity the changes in cellular reactivity to specific antigen as assessed by the delayed footpad response and the in vitro proliferative response of draining lymph node cells were similar in the two strains over the time studied. PMID- 7019052 TI - Suppression of the anti-erythrocyte immune response in mice by the C5b--9 complex of complement. AB - The C5b--9 complex of complement associated with sheep erythrocyte membranes suppresses the immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes as measured with the Jerne plaque technique. This type of immune suppression is independent of early complement components and antibody, and is mediated by both human and guinea-pig complement components. The degree of immune suppression correlates with the number of C5b--9 complexes per cell used for immunization: 21,000 C5b--9 complexes per erythrocyte lead to a 97% inhibition of the immune response in comparison to untreated erythrocytes. Inhibition requires the full assembly of the C5b--9 complex including C8 and C9. Virtually no inhibition was observed by the C5b--7 complex. C5b--9 and IgG-mediated immune suppression do not function additively. From dose-response experiments it is concluded that separate and mutually independent sites mediate suppression by C5b--9 and IgG, respectively. PMID- 7019053 TI - Dengue virus-induced cytotoxic factor suppresses immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate if the suppressed cell-mediated immune responses observed in dengue type 2 virus (DV)-infected mice could be due to the cytotoxic factor (CF) produced in the spleens of DV-infected mice. We have observed that CF given intravenously (i.v.) kills splenic cells and reduces the total cells in the spleen. Mice treated with CF have a significantly depressed immune response to sheep erythrocytes, viz. delayed-type-hypersensitivity as measured by footpad swelling reaction at 24 hr; Jerne's antibody plaque-forming cells in the spleen; and migration inhibition of spleen cells in presence of antigen. These findings are similar to those seen earlier in DV-infected mice. PMID- 7019054 TI - The generation of memory cells. IV. Immunization with antigen-antibody complexes accelerates the development of B-memory cells, the formation of germinal centres and the maturation of antibody affinity in the secondary response. AB - Hapten (DNP)-specific B-memory cells were induced by priming mice with soluble or alum precipitated DNP-haemocyanin (KLH) plus Bordetella pertussis or CNP-KLH-anti DNP antibody complexes at equivalence. Cells from mice given complexes gave a substantial adoptive IgG response five days after priming, whereas those from mice given antigen with conventional adjuvant did not give a comparable response until day 14. Soluble antigen induced poor memory, even 14 days after primary immunization. The emergence of transferable B-memory cells correlated closely with the appearance of germinal centres in lymphoid follicles of the spleen. Furthermore, the relative affinity of the adoptive secondary IgG response induced by priming with complexes was already maximal on day 6. In contrast, the response of memory cells from mice given antigen on alum, increased in affinity between 6 and 23 days after priming. These data support the concept (see Klaus, Humphrey, Kunkl & Dongworth, 1980) that trapping of antigen-antibody complexes in lymphoid follicles induces the formation of germinal centres, which in turn give rise to functional B-memory cells. They further suggest that such retained complexes play a role in selective triggering of high-affinity precursor cells. PMID- 7019056 TI - The depressed response of spleen cells from rats infected by Trypanosoma lewisi in producing a secondary response in vitro to sheep erythrocytes and the ability of soluble products of the trypanosome to induce this depression. AB - The non-pathogenic Trypanosoma lewisi depresses the ability of infected rat spleen cells to respond immunologically to sheep erythrocytes. A study was made to determine whether the parasite would produce this same phenomenon in vitro in Marbrook culture vessels with erythrocyte-primed spleen cells from normal rats; the antibody response of the spleen cells was measured by the plaque-forming cell assay. Soluble factors from 1 X 10(7) T. lewisi depress the ability of primed cells to form a secondary antibody response in vitro to sheep red cells. The intensity of the inhibitory activity depends on the stage of the life cycle of the parasite and can also be demonstrated using sonicated, frozen-thawed or boiled preparations of the organism. It is suggested that the immunodepressive substances may be a glycoprotein and that it (they) may arise both from the intracellular and from the extracellular compartments of the organism. It is likely that the host-parasite associations in trypanosomiasis are regulated by such soluble parasite factors. PMID- 7019055 TI - Effects of functionally-distinct T-cell subsets on the maturation of null cells in man. AB - We have found that the 'null' cell population (negative for surface immunoglobulin and for E-rosette formation) includes cells which can develop surface immunoglobulin and secrete immunoglobulin in culture. The apparent 'maturation' of these null cells to immunoglobulin-secreting B cells was enhanced by T cells and may require T cells. T-cell subsets shown previously to have a helper effect on immunoglobulin secretion by peripheral blood B cells accelerated this maturation process, whereas subsets without helper effects on peripheral blood B cells did not. PMID- 7019057 TI - Acquired immunity to Salmonella typhimurium and delayed (footpad) hypersensitivity in BALB/c mice. AB - BALB/c mice are extremely susceptible to salmonella infections. Previous reports have suggested that this natural susceptibility is due to a defect in cell mediated immunity (CMI) which correlates with their inability to develop a delayed (footpad) hypersensitivity reaction to a salmonella extract when immunized with attenuated salmonellae. We have shown that mice thus immunized are in fact highly resistant to superinfecting intravenous challenge with virulent organisms, at a time when the footpad test is still negative. The footpad test becomes positive 2-3 weeks later, after the appearance of CMI, which is already present at 1 week as measured by determining the fate of a superinfecting challenge in the RES. The positive footpad reactions that develop in BALB/c mice- and also in B10, and CBA and (B10XA/J)F1 mice--are transferable to normal recipients by thetasensitive spleen cells. However, although B10 mice give positive delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reactions, they are more susceptible to salmonellae of intermediate virulence than the DH negative BALB/c strain. We have also shown that previous reports which suggested that susceptible mice did not develop immunity when vaccinated with live organisms are probably due to the salmonella strain used for vaccination, which does not establish a carrier state. A strain which does establish a carrier state effectively immunizes the susceptible BALB/c strain against virulent challenge, indicating that natural susceptibility does not preclude the development of acquired immunity to reinfection. X PMID- 7019058 TI - Anchorage and lymphocyte function II. Contact with non-cellular surfaces, cell density and T-cell activation. AB - Varying numbers of human blood lymphocytes were stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) in a constant medium volume. At 'low' cell densities DNA synthesis was proportional to the number of cells in the cultures whereas at 'high' densities DNA synthesis was considerably lower than expected. In the presence of non mitogenic microcarrier beads, (diameter 195 micrometer) to which the cells attached, DNA synthesis was proportional or nearly proportional to the cell number in the cultures also at 'high' cell densities. The potentiating effect of beads on lymphocyte stimulation was particularly noteworthy in individuals showing a weak mitogen response. Another approach that yielded proportionality between DNA synthesis and cell number both at 'low' and 'high' cell densities was the use of culture vessels with a larger bottom area. Under such conditions the presence of beads did not augment DNA synthesis. These results suggest that the availability of non-cellular adhesive surface is a major limiting factor and cell density a major regulating factor in the control of lymphocyte activation. Anchorage of the cells to a surface may modulate the density dependent 'growth control mechanism' indirectly via an influence on cell-cell interaction. An alternative less-likely interpretation is that the contact with non-cellular surfaces directly gives rise to regulatory responses in lymphocytes or accessory cells. PMID- 7019059 TI - Acid phosphatase activity as an index of pancreatic beta-cell function. PMID- 7019060 TI - Studies on the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on glucose uptake & glycolysis in respiratory-deficient yeast cells. PMID- 7019061 TI - Immune response to Wuchereria bancrofti mircofilarial antigen. PMID- 7019062 TI - In vitro study of effect of glucose. Acetone and change in pH on phagocytic and bactericidal power of neutrophils. PMID- 7019063 TI - Detection of penicillinase production by four methods. PMID- 7019064 TI - Comparison and efficacy of various bacteriological techniques for the isolation of group B streptococci. PMID- 7019065 TI - Haemolysin and necrotoxin production of Escherichia coli with special reference to serotypes causing urinary tract infections. PMID- 7019066 TI - Cytometric studies on dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7019067 TI - Norepinephrine and renin activity in chronic renal failure. Evidence for interacting roles in hemodialysis hypertension. AB - To assess the interaction between adrenergic activity and blood pressure regulation in patients with chronic renal failure, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured before and after vigorous ultrafiltration. The significance of PRA was further assessed by angiotensin blockade with saralasin. Two patterns of response were defined: nine patients had low levels of PRA before and after hemodialysis. These patients showed a net fall in norepinephrine and no angiotensin dependence of any time. Failure to stimulate either PRA or norepinephrine was also observed during periods of marked hypotension. Seven other patients had higher PRA, which rose during hemodialysis. This was associated with an increase in NE and postdialysis angiotensin dependence. Patients experiencing hypotension in this group showed a sharp rise in NE, suggesting baroceptor-mediated adrenergic stimulation. In all patients sustaining hypotension during therapy, postdialysis PRA was closely correlated with NE. These results indicate that hemodialysis mobilizes the renin-angiotensin system to maintain hypertension in a greater proportion of dialysis patients than previously supposed and that impaired renin release following hypotension may represent uremic autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 7019068 TI - Pressor factors and cardiovascular pressor responsiveness in borderline hypertension. AB - The role of various pressor factors and cardiovascular responsiveness to norepinephrine or angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of borderline hypertension was evaluated. Exchangeable body sodium, blood volume, plasma renin activity, norepinephrine or dopamine levels, and norepinephrine or epinephrine excretion rates were similar between 24 patients with borderline hypertension (mean age 34 +/- 4 (SEM) years and 22 normal subjects matched for age; the patients had a slight increase in supine plasma epinephrine. Pressor doses of norepinephrine or angiotensin II were significantly lower (p less than 0.01 and 0.001, respectively) in the borderline hypertensive group. These findings suggest that borderline hypertension may be maintained by inappropriately increased cardiovascular response to norepinephrine and angiotensin II in the presence of normal sympathetic and renin activity and a normal body sodium-volume state. PMID- 7019069 TI - Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in primary and secondary human hypertension. PMID- 7019070 TI - Nonspecific immunodepression and protective immunity in mice infected with Leishmania mexicana. AB - C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania mexicana showed depression of the in vitro immunoglobulin M-plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes. Immunodepression was present 3 weeks after inoculation and was maximal at 11 weeks. Thereafter, there was a gradual return to normal immunoresponsiveness correlated with the resolution of lesions. At the time of maximal immunodepression, spleen cells from infected mice diminished the plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes of normal spleen cells. On the other hand, specific responses, as exemplified by protective immunity to a challenge infection and delayed hypersensitivity responses to parasite antigens, were apparently unaffected. These responses were both present in mice bearing primary lesions and were maximal in recovered mice. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to a current hypothesis on parasite-induced immunodepression. PMID- 7019071 TI - Murine immunoprotective activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae cell surface preparations: comparative study with ribosomal preparations. AB - Cell surface preparations and ribosomal preparations were extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Agar gel diffusion with antisera to cell surface preparations or ribosomal preparations indicated common antigenic components among the preparations. Lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide were identified in the cell surface preparations. These results and the previous identification of lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide in ribosomal preparations suggest that these antigens are responsible for the immunochemical cross-reactivity observed among these two bacterial extracts. Active protection could be induced in mice by these two preparations. On a dry-weight basis, cell surface preparations provided better immunoprotective activity than did ribosomal preparations. However, the 50% protective dose of both preparations is practically the same on the basis of their capsular polysaccharide content. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the immunoprotective moiety of ribosomal preparations is the contaminating cell surface antigens. Furthermore, the low level of nucleotidic components detected in purified cell surface preparations led us to infer that the immunoprotective activity of capsular polysaccharide may not be dependent on the adjuvant activity of ribonucleic acid. The involvement of capsular polysaccharide in the immunoprotective capacity of cell surface preparations is demonstrated either by using a degradation of this antigen by K. pneumoniae bacteriophage K2-associated glycanase or by using a preparation extracted from a noncapsulated mutant of K. pneumoniae. Nevertheless, the low protective ability of purified capsular polysaccharides is in contrast to its greater activity when induced in bacterial cell surface preparations. The protective activity of K. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide may be dependent on its association with other surface antigenic components present in cell surface preparations or may be dependent on its native form in the bacterial cell surface. PMID- 7019072 TI - Artificial Salmonella vaccines: Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen-specific oligosaccharide-protein conjugates elicit opsonizing antibodies that enhance phagocytosis. AB - Outbred NMRI mice and rabbits were vaccinated with different artificial Salmonella typhimurium immunogens and the specificity and activity of elicited antibodies were studied in in vivo and in vitro phagocytosis assays. The Salmonella immunogens used were: (i) the synthetic disaccharide, abequose (formula see text) D-mannose, representative of Salmonella O antigen 4, covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA); (ii) the octa- and dodecasaccharides, (formula see text) covalently linked to BSA; and (iii) whole heat-killed Salmonella. Rabbit antibodies passively administered to mice significantly enhanced the clearance of intravenously injected S. typhimurium challenge bacteria from the bloodstream. The clearance rate and the titer of anti O-antigen-specific antibodies correlated. The clearance rate of an S. thompson (O6,7) strain, which has a different O antigen, was the same irrespective of the rabbit serum given. NMRI mice actively immunized with the various oligosaccharide BSA conjugates had a significantly increased clearance rate of S. typhimurium only. In the in vitro assay, mouse antioligosaccharide-BSA sera promoted phagocytosis of S. typhimurium, but not S. thompson, when incubated with complement and mouse peritoneal exudate cells activated with Freund complete adjuvant. PMID- 7019074 TI - Glucan-enhanced immunogenicity of killed erythrocyte stages of Plasmodium berghei. AB - Intravenous injections of glucan simultaneously with Formalin-killed erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei elicited a greater degree of resistance in mice against subsequent infection with viable parasites than injections of killed erythrocytic stages alone. In two experiments with P. berghei strain NK 65, 100% of mice immunized with the glucan-dead parasite preparation survived challenge, whereas only 28.6% of mice receiving dead parasites alone survived. In the third experiment, using P. berghei strain NYU-2, the same proportion of mice survived after immunization with glucan and dead parasites as with dead parasites alone (i.e., 10 of 11 in each group), but mice immunized with the glucan-dead parasite preparation experienced parasitemias of significantly less intensity and shorter duration than mice which received only dead parasites before infection. Inoculation of glucan alone or with normal erythrocytes conferred no protection against challenge. PMID- 7019073 TI - Development of a vaccine against experimental cholera and Escherichia coli diarrheal disease. AB - The results of the present investigation indicate a simple approach to the development of a single-vaccine formula which may ultimately be used to confer protection against both cholera and certain types of Escherichia coli diarrheal disease in humans and domestic animals. The design of the vaccine is based on the well-documented ability of cholera antitoxin to neutralize both cholera and heat labile E. coli enterotoxins (CT and LT, respectively) and on the ability of killed E. coli to enhance the immune response to cholera toxoid and, possibly, to conventional cholera vaccine as well. Evidence presented shows that a parenterally administered E. coli vaccine, prepared from an LT-only enterotoxigenic strain, reproducibly elevated rabbit antitoxin responses to cholera toxoid and that such responses correlated with dramatic protection against live cholera vibrios and the homologous E. coli strain in the rabbit ligated loop model of diarrheal disease. The results show also that cholera vaccine acted to suppress the rabbits' immune response to the cholera toxoid and E. coli vaccine formula, even though all three antigens combined still provided significant protection against live organism challenge. On the basis of data presently available, the vaccine formula would be composed simply of cholera toxoid and E. coli vaccine, but may also include cholera vaccine. Since it has already been established that cholera toxoid and cholera vaccine are each safe for human use, additional vaccine development would require investigation of the safety of E. coli vaccine, alone and in combination with the other components. PMID- 7019075 TI - Characterization of lipoteichoic acid binding to polymorphonuclear leukocytes of human blood. AB - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were shown to possess specific binding sites for lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA binding was reversible and time and temperature dependent. Scatchard plot analysis revealed an apparently single population of 6.6 X 10(6) LTA binding sites per PMN with a dissociation constant of 5.6 microM. Attachment of an avirulent, unencapsulated, M-negative strain of group A streptococci to PMN was inhibited by LTA, but not by other bacterial somatic antigens tested. Occupation of 30% of the LTA binding sites resulted in greater than 70% inhibition of streptococcal attachment to PMN. In contrast, LTA failed to block attachment of Escherichia coli or antibody-coated streptococci, indicating that binding sites for E. coli and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G are distinct from those for LTA. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that LTA remained uniformly bound to PMN membranes for as long as 2 h at 37 degrees C. Cross-linking of PMN-bound LTA with anti-LTA resulted in rapid capping of LTA receptor sites. The results suggest that LTA is a monovalent ligand interacting with mobile receptors in the plasma membrane of PMN. PMID- 7019076 TI - Bactericidal activity of fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: role of bacterial membrane lipid. AB - Granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate, pH 4. A buffer extract fraction (peak D) obtained by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography demonstrated distinct antimicrobial activity toward Acinetobacte sp. independent of added H2O2 or Cl-. The protein of this fraction had an apparent molecular weight of 9,000 and demonstrated time and dose dependence that was more active against stationary-growth cells than mid-log phase cells. The bactericidal activity of the fraction was most active at 37 degrees C, with only slight activity demonstrated at 22 degrees C and no activity at 4 degrees C. Boiling the granule fraction for 30 min did not affect the antimicrobial activity. However, pronase or trypsin pretreatment of the peak D fraction reduced its antimicrobial activity. When the membrane lipid composition of Acinetobacter sp. was altered by growth on specific n-alkane carbon sources, the susceptibility to the granule fraction was also altered. Resistance to the activity of the granule fraction increased as the carbon chain length of the growth substrate increased. Liposomes formed from Acinetobacter sp. lipid extracts and containing glucose were made leaky with the addition of the granule fraction (boiled and not boiled), suggesting a membrane-disruptive activity of the granule protein against Acinetobacter sp. membranes. PMID- 7019078 TI - Simple adult rabbit model for Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. AB - We developed an adult rabbit model for enteric infection by Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The cecum of each animal was first ligated to prevent it from retaining fluid secreted by the small intestine. A temporary reversible obstruction (a slip knot tie) of the small bowel was introduced at the time of challenge and removed 2 h later. With this modification, we were able to elicit a massive and usually fatal cholera-like diarrhea in adult (3.5- to 6-lb [1.6- to 2.7-kb]) animals challenged with V. cholerae. Animals challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli also developed diarrhea which was severe and watery but less explosive and less rapidly fatal than that produced by V. cholerae. The susceptibility of animals in this model to infection by V. cholerae was similar to the susceptibility of infant rabbits challenged intraintestinally. The death rate was almost 25% when 10(3) Vibrio cells were given and 90% or more when the dose was greater than or equal to 10(6) cells per animal. We designated this procedure the RITARD (for removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea) model. PMID- 7019077 TI - Amplified lymphokine production phenomenon confirmed by a macrophage 2-D [3H]deoxyglucose transport assay. AB - The amplified lymphokine production phenomenon was confirmed by using an improved macrophage 2-d-[(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake assay as an indicator of lymphokine activity. Amplified lymphokine titers were determined in supernatants derived from tuberculin-sensitive, antigen (purified protein derivative)-stimulated, guinea pig peritoneal exudate and spleen cell suspensions after the cells were allowed to sediment into a pellicle in a conical culture tube. The deoxyglucose uptake assay, which probably measured an effect on the macrophage cell membrane, was easy to perform, and the prozone phenomenon observed with other lymphokine assay systems did not occur. The deoxyglucose uptake-enhancing moiety was stable at 56 degrees C for 1 h and had a molecular weight of between 50,000 and 100,000, as defined by Amicon ultrafiltration. Exposure of macrophages to the lymphokine containing supernatants did not increase macrophage deoxyglucose uptake significantly until after 9 h of incubation had elapsed. The effect on deoxyglucose uptake was to increase the V(max) without changing the K(m) value. Deoxyglucose uptake also involved a stereospecific carrier-facilitated transport system both in the presence and in the absence of lymphokine. The increased deoxyglucose transport induced by the lymphokine-containing supernatants was reversible. A migration inhibitory factor activity of similar molecular weight and heat stability was also present in these supernatants, but in titers lower than the titers of the deoxyglucose uptake-enhancing activity. Consequently, in the absence of a complete biochemical characterization, the two effects cannot be ascribed to the same molecular species at this time. Such a characterization, along with studies of lymphokine production and action, should be facilitated greatly by the availability of very high-titer supernatants derived by this geometric culture method. PMID- 7019079 TI - Stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection induced by 6-O-acyl muramyl dipeptide analogs in mice. AB - The experimental system utilized in investigating the correlation between the chemical structures of muramyl peptides and their protective activities in the sepsis type of systemic infections caused by Escherichia coli was applied in evaluating the enhancement of resistance to infection induced by 32 synthetic glycopeptide analogs, including 6-O-acyl derivatives and 1-alpha-O-benzyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine). In assessing the 6-O-acyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, we found that the degree of protective activity was attributable to the kinds of fatty acids introduced. Acylation of the 6-hydroxy group on the muramic acid moiety in muramyl dipeptide with natural mycolic acid or a synthetic fatty acid possessing either an alpha branched or an alpha-branched, beta-hydroxylated group resulted in a decrease in or a disappearance of the protective activity of muramyl dipeptide. Acylation with a normal fatty acid or an iso fatty acid resulted in a retention or enhancement of muramyl dipeptide activity. The activity of acylated derivatives containing linear fatty acids was stimulated by increasing the chain length up to 18 carbon atoms. The highest degree of protective activity occurred with the derivatives acylated with straight-chain fatty acids, particularly with the derivatives acylated with palmitic acid and arachidic acid. Benzylation of the 1 hydroxy group of muramyl dipeptide resulted in a decrease in or a loss of protective activity. PMID- 7019080 TI - Inhibition of phagolysosome fusion is localized to Chlamydia psittaci-laden vacuoles. AB - Intracellular survival of Chlamydia psittaci is in part dependent on the ability of the organism to thwart phagolysosome formation. Circumvention of phagolysosome fusion could be either localized to chlamydia-laden vacuoles or generalized to all phagosomes in the host cell. To determine which of these modes is in operation the ability of chlamydia elementary and reticulate bodies to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae from degradation in macrophage phagolysosomes was examined via acridine orange and Giemsa staining. No statistically significant difference was evident between the amount of fusion observed in coinfected macrophages and those infected with yeast cells alone. This was ot dependent on some unique interaction between the chlamydia and the yeast cells since viable count studies to determine the protection of a second organism, Escherichia coli, also failed to show significantly different amounts of inactivation of the bacteria by macrophages in the presence of C. psittaci. Therefore, the inhibition of phagolysosome fusion is localized to chlamydia-laden phagosomes. PMID- 7019081 TI - Cultivation of virulent Treponema pallidum in tissue culture. AB - In a series of seven experiments, the virulent Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum was shown to attach and replicate on the surface of tissue culture cells of cottontail rabbit epithelium (Sf1Ep) growing in conventional monolayer cultures under an atmosphere of 1.5% oxygen. Five days after inoculation of 10(6)T. pallidum, the number of treponemes had increased to between 8 x 10(6) and 2.59 x 10(7). The viability of harvested organisms ranged from 86 to 97%. The number of T. pallidum continued to increase, generally reaching a plateau between days 9 and 12 of incubation, with increases ranging up to 100-fold and averaging 49-fold. There appeared to be a ceiling of multiplication of about 2 x 10(8) irrespective of the inoculum, which ranged from 10(6) to 10(8)T. pallidum. Concurrent deoxyribonucleic acid assays were performed on the cultures containing T. pallidum to obtain further evidence of replication. Significant increases in treponemal deoxyribonucleic acid were observed when the inocula ranged from 10(6) to 10(7), with the greatest increases, as might be expected, being in the former group. There was also excellent correlation in the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid per treponeme; the averages for the 10(6), 2.5 x 10(6), and 10(7) groups were 3.46 x 10(-14), 3.28 x 10(-14), and 2.79 x 10(-14) g per treponeme, respectively (3.14 +/- 0.72 x 10(-14) g per treponeme). In each experiment, organisms were harvested from the group inoculated with 10(6)T. pallidum after 7 days of incubation to test for virulence. In all instances, the organisms were virulent; erythematous, indurated, treponeme-containing lesions were produced from an average of six to seven organisms. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that during the course of replication many microcolonies of treponemes formed on the surface of the cells. PMID- 7019082 TI - Plasmids coding for colonization factor antigen I and heat-stable enterotoxin production isolated from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: comparison of their properties. AB - We examined seven enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains which produced colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I). Four of these strains were from South Africa (three serotype O78:H12 and one serotype O63:H-), one was from Ethiopia (O78:H12), and two were from Bangladesh (O78:H11 and O78:H12). Plasmids coding for CFA/I were mobilized from six of these strains by using resistance or enterotoxin factors. No plasmid was mobilized from the serotype O78:H12 Bangladesh strain. The transconjugants obtained from crosses with the O78 strains also produced heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), and additional investigations showed that CFA/I and ST were coded for by a single non-autotransferring plasmid. These plasmids were fertility inhibition negative, did not restrict any of the coliphages with which they were tested, and were incompatible with each other. Four had molecular weights of approximately 60 X 10(6), and one had a molecular weight of 52 X 10(6). Like the other CFA/I plasmids, the CFA/I plasmid transferred from the O63:H- strain coded for ST, but this plasmid also coded for heat-labile enterotoxin. In most other respects the properties of this plasmid were similar to those of the CFA/I-ST plasmids previously described. The molecular weight of this plasmid was 65 X 10(6). The IncT R-factor Rtsl was marked with a transposon for tetracycline resistance and then transferred into the two Bangladesh wild-type strains. Plasmids which coded for tetracycline resistance, CFA/I, and ST were transferred from these strains. These plasmids were incompatible with Rtsl and with the CFA/I-ST plasmids described above and were recombinants between Rtsl and a CFA/I-ST plasmid. Their properties are also described. PMID- 7019083 TI - Helical conformation of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain), Treponema paraluis cuniculi, Treponema denticola, Borrelia turicatae, and unidentified oral spirochetes. AB - Borrelia turicatae (mouse virulent) and Treponema denticola, a small oral treponeme, formed right-handed helices as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain), Treponema paraluis-cuniculi, and two unidentified oral spirochetes displayed left-handed helices. PMID- 7019084 TI - Trapping and killing of Candida albicans by Corynebacterium parvum-activated livers. AB - Corynebacterium parvum vaccination significantly increased the number of leukocytes adherent to hepatic vessels. Perfused C. parvum-treated livers killed significantly more Candida albicans than did livers not treated with C. parvum, an effect reversed by the macrophage inhibitors silica, phenylbutazone, and iodoacetate. PMID- 7019085 TI - Incorporation of [14C]methionine by Yersinia enterocolitica after invasion of HeLa cells. AB - Invasion of HeLa cells by Yersinia enterocolitica can be measured by the incorporation of [(14)C]methionine in the presence of streptomycin and cycloheximide. PMID- 7019086 TI - Isolation and characterization of hypertoxinogenic (htx) mutants of Escherichia coli KL320(pCG86). AB - The structural genes for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are present on plasmid pCG86. Escherichia coli KL320(pCG86), LT was found to be cell associated. LT was present as a soluble protein in sonic lysates of KL320(pCG86). Thirty-one mutants of KL320(pCG86) that produced increased amounts of extracellular LT were isolated. These hypertoxinogenic (htx) mutants were assigned to four phenotypically distinct classes based on the amounts of cell-associated and extracellular LT in early-stationary-phase cultures. Type 1 and type 2 htx mutants produced significantly increased amounts of cell-associated LT. Type 3 and type 4 htx mutants produced normal or decreased amounts of cell-associated LT was similar to that of the wild type. In the mutants of types 1, 3, and 4, the ratios of extracellular to cell-associated LT were higher than that of the wild type and were characteristic for each strain. Cell lysis or leakage of macromolecular cytoplasmic constituents appeared to be significant for release of LT by mutants of types 1, 3, and 4, because supernatants from cultures of these mutants also contained increased amounts of protein and of the cytoplasmic enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In all four representative htx mutants, the hypertoxinogenic phenotypes were dependent on chromosomal mutations. The resident pCG86 plasmids were eliminated from the htx mutants of types 2 and 3. After wild type plasmid pCG86 was introduced into the cured strains by conjugation, their hypertoxinogenic phenotypes were restored. We conclude that chromosomal loci in E. coli KL320 are important in regulating expression of the LT structural genes of plasmid pCG86. PMID- 7019087 TI - Immunization of rats with heat-labile enterotoxin provides uniform protection against heterologous serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, either in the form of the holotoxin derived from a transformed K-12 strain or the polymyxin release form obtained from human strains which produce LT toxin alone (LT+/ST- [ST is heat-stable toxin)] or together with ST toxin (LT+/ST+), were challenged with viable organisms of 10 different serotypes, 5 LT+/ST- and 5 LT+/ST+. The serum antitoxin response was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the degree of protection was determined by challenge in ligated ileal loops. Immunization with the holotoxin provided a strong antitoxin response and protection against all 10 challenge strains. Immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST+ strain provided equally strong protection against all strains, but immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST- strain yielded only a weak antitoxin response, moderate protection against challenge with LT+/ST- strains, and no protection against LT+/ST- strains, increasing by fivefold the immunization dosage of the LT+/ST- toxin failed to enhance protection. These observations (i) establish the fact that immunization with the LT holotoxin provides uniformly strong protection against heterologous serotypes and (ii) indicate that, for reasons which remain to be determined, the immunogenicity of the polymyxin release LT from an LT+/ST+ strain differs from that of an LT+/ST- strain. PMID- 7019088 TI - Zinc and regulation of growth and phenotype in the infectious yeast Candida albicans. AB - When Candida albicans is grown at 25 degrees C in suspension in defined medium, cells accumulate at stationary phase as singlets in G1 of the deoxyribonucleic acid replication cycle and acquire the capacity to form mycelia. When cells were removed from a stationary-phase culture and a low concentration of fresh cells was inoculated into the cell-free, stationary-phase medium, the fresh cells grew to approximately the same cell density as the original culture. We demonstrated that in the accompanying decrease in pH, nor due to a depletion of O2, an accumulation of CO2, a physical crowding effect, or accumulation of the putative autoinhibitors tryptophol and 2-phenylethyl alcohol. Rather, cells stop multiplying at stationary phase due to the depletion of zinc from the culture medium. The manipulation of cultures with glassware to remove stationary-phase cells and to add fresh cells led to the addition of zinc to the medium and hence a new round of culture growth. The same manipulations with plasticware did not result in zinc supplementation and hence in now new round of culture growth. When cells enter stationary phase in excess zinc, they do not accumulate as singlets; rather, they accumulate as budded cells. When these cells were induced to form mycelia, they did so in half the time it took zinc-starved cells. The usefulness of employing zinc starvation as a method for obtaining a uniform stationary-phase phenotype and for synchronizing induced mycelium or bud formation is discussed. PMID- 7019089 TI - Organization and expression of genes involved in the production of the K88ab antigen. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 minicells were used to study the expression of the genes located on plasmid pFM205, which contains the genetic determinant of the K88ab antigen. Plasmid pFM205 is composed of a 4,3-megadalton large deoxyribonucleic acid fragment derived from the wild-type K88ab plasmid pRI8801 (51 megadaltons) and the cloning vehicle pBR322. The K88ab deoxyribonucleic acid of pFM205 appeared to express six polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 81, 30, 29, 27, 26, and 17 kilodaltons, respectively. These polypeptides account for approximately 85% of the coding capacity of the cloned deoxyribonucleic acid. The 26-kilodalton polypeptide was found to react with specific anti-K88ab antibodies and therefore represents the K88ab subunit. The K88ab subunit and at least two other polypeptides (81 and 17 kilodaltons) were translated into precursors which were about 2 kilodaltons larger than the mature proteins. Plasmid pFM205 was used to construct deletion mutants. By analyzing these mutants in minicells the genes of the six polypeptides could be located on the physical map of pFM205. It appeared that deletion of the gene of the 81-kilodalton polypeptide resulted in an altered conformation of the K88ab antigen. PMID- 7019091 TI - Relationship between cell surface composition of Candida albicans and adherence to acrylic after growth on different carbon sources. AB - The adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic was measured in vitro after growth of the yeast to stationary phase in defined medium containing glucose, sucrose, galactose, fructose, or maltose as the carbon source. In each case, yeast adherence was proportional to the concentration of sugar in the growth medium, but equimolar concentrations of different sugars promoted adherence to different extents. In vitro adherence was further increased by the addition of divalent cations to assay mixtures but was inhibited when saliva-treated acrylic strips were used or when yeasts were suspended in mixed saliva during the assay. The rate of spheroplast formation of yeasts grown in media containing a 500 mM concentration of the different sugars correlated well with the relative adherence of the cells to acrylic. Galactose-grown yeasts were most resistant to spheroplast formation with Zymolyase-5000 and most adherent to acrylic, whereas fructose-grown organisms were least resistant to spheroplast formation and least adherent to acrylic. These results indicate that when grown to stationary phase in media containing high concentrations of certain sugars, C. albicans undergoes a change in cell surface composition which facilitates its adherence to acrylic surfaces. Electron microscopy of yeasts harvested from such media revealed the presence of an additional surface layer which may be responsible for this enhanced adherence. PMID- 7019090 TI - Tumor-associated bacteria capable of producing a human choriogonadotropin-like substance. AB - Aerobic microorganisms were isolated and identified from 9 of 10 malignant tissues aseptically obtained from surgical patients. The organisms isolated are species commonly associated with the flora of the human body. When these cancer associated organisms were grown in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems), a protein substance was isolated from the culture filtrates by acetone precipitation. The acetone precipitates of 12 of 14 organisms tested were positive when assayed by radioimmunoassay for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). All but one of the bacterial isolates from the malignancies were capable of producing the hCG-like substance, but in varying quantities. Control organisms (not isolated from a malignancy) and uninoculated Trypticase soy broth were either completely negative in the radioimmunoassay for beta hCG or had levels of beta hCG near the limit of the sensitivity of the method. These results suggest the possibility that bacteria-tumor relationships do exist and are in agreement with the findings of other workers. Investigation of these relationships may have important and provocative implications in the study of neoplastic diseases. PMID- 7019092 TI - Rubella-associated arthritis: rescue of rubella virus from peripheral blood lymphocytes two years postvaccination. AB - Rubella virus was isolated from the peripheral lymphocytes of a patient with rubella-associated arthritis 2 years after rubella vaccination. The rescue of the virus was carried out by stimulating the lymphocytes with mitogens for several days in cultures and then cocultivating them with RK13 cells at 35 degrees C. Rubella virus was detected by a variety of techniques, including electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, polyacrylamide gel analysis of labeled viral proteins, and microfocus assay for infectious virus particles. Assessment of the immune status of the patient did not indicate any impairment of immune function associated with long-term persistence of the virus. PMID- 7019094 TI - Selective transfusion of blood components. PMID- 7019095 TI - Chromosomes as markers in human cancer. PMID- 7019096 TI - Evaluation of studies of the relationship between blood lead and air lead. AB - An evaluation of the major studies of the effects of airborne lead on blood lead levels of male and female adult and child populations is presented. Analysis of these studies shows that the blood lead-air lead slope for adults is approximately 1.0 for both men and women. This implies that an exposure to an additional 1 microgram Pb/m3 of air can result in an increase of approximately 1 microgram Pb/100 ml of blood. The precision of the slope for adults is rarely better than +/- 0.5 to +/- 0.7 and can be as large as +/- 1.0. A large portion of this uncertainty in the calculated slope is due to blood lead measurement error. The slope of the blood lead-air lead response for children ranges from 0.7 to 1.4 and is approximately the same as that for adults. The accuracy of this number is less clear for children than adults due to the small data base. Many of the studies of children have been on populations living in the vicinity of smelters. It is questioned whether these data are representative of the air lead exposure of children living in urban and suburban communities. PMID- 7019093 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of Streptococcus pyogenes by human alveolar macrophages. AB - In contrast to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, alveolar macrophages were able to readily phagocytose and kill an M protein-positive Streptococcus pyogenes strain after opsonization in normal human serum. PMID- 7019097 TI - Professionally (operator) applied topical fluoride therapy: a critique. PMID- 7019098 TI - Towards a rational approach to topical fluoride therapy at the mixed dentition stage. AB - Suggestions are given as to the means whereby the professional application of topical fluoride solutions at the mixed dentition stage can be rationalized. One requirement is that the objective of such therapy be clearly understood. Whilst the prevention of new caries lesions is an obvious aim, the importance of slowing or arresting existing early lesions should be appreciated. Data from clinical studies indicate that topical treatments should be directed at newly erupted teeth concentrating on sites with the highest caries susceptibility. At the mixed dentition stage much of the preventive effort must of necessity be directed at pits and fissures in permanent first molar teeth. A prolonged fluoride application (PFA) method provides one means of treating these sites in partially or fully erupted teeth. PMID- 7019099 TI - Prevention of periodontal disease in the mixed dentition. AB - It seems that gingivitis is rare in the primary dentition but reaches a high prevalence by the early teens. The actual onset of gingival inflammation thus occurs in primary school children, i.e. during the time period of the mixed dentition. Analyses of high risk groups clearly indicate that they already exist at primary school level, and also, that children belonging to the high-gingivitis group seldom belong to the high-caries group at the same time. Without exception, interview studies seem to indicate a general ignorance of the symptoms as well as of the possibilities or even the need for treatment of early periodontal disease. In order to improve the attitudes among the general public to periodontal health care, a campaign should be initiated with the aim of making it perfectly clear to everyone, starting at the age of primary school children, that bleeding from the gums while brushing the teeth is undesirable, easily cures and preventable. PMID- 7019100 TI - Medical gas delivery systems. PMID- 7019101 TI - Respiratory therapy departments. PMID- 7019102 TI - Electrical design and safety in the operating room and intensive care unit. PMID- 7019103 TI - The postanesthetic recovery room. PMID- 7019104 TI - FIRST AID: a design philosophy and a program for on-line symptom processing. AB - A major problem for computer-aided diagnosis systems, particularly those designed for on-line use in clinical settings, is that their operation may be obtrusive or unacceptable within established clinical routine. Criteria for a general approach to the design of the on-line aids in clinical decision-making are presented. An interpreter is described that is designed to be broadly applicable within the area of statistical diagnosis, but which is also designed to encourage the development of congenial clinical systems. The use of the program and its features are illustrated by an application in the diagnosis of 'dyspepsia'. PMID- 7019105 TI - Towards a psycho-physiological model of thermal perception. PMID- 7019106 TI - Characterization of the effects of asparaginase from Escherichia coli and a glutaminase-free asparaginase from Vibrio succinogenes on specific ell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 7019107 TI - Abuse in American mental hospitals in historical perspective: myth and reality. PMID- 7019109 TI - Adenosine triphosphate content in Mycobacterium leprae. A brief communication. PMID- 7019110 TI - The International Leprosy Association at 50 years. PMID- 7019108 TI - Public funding for partially hospitalized drug and alcohol abusers: psychiatric nosology at the nadir. PMID- 7019111 TI - Notes concerning the formation of the International Leprosy Association. PMID- 7019112 TI - The 1980 journal--a perspective in leprosy. PMID- 7019113 TI - Interpretation of the shoulder of dose-response curves with immediate plating in terms of repair of potentially lethal lesions during a restricted time period. PMID- 7019114 TI - Computer assisted diagnosis and computer consultation in neurology: preliminary testing of diagnostic accuracy for the neurologist system. AB - The Neurologist system is a computer program for consultation in clinical neurology which employs human-like reasoning in diagnosis, covers a broad diagnostic domain, has the capacity to explain strategies and conclusions and is readily expandable. Neurologist employs the strategy of first localizing a neurologic disease, then uses these data as well as mode of disease onset, rapidly to focus on a limited number of diagnostic possibilities which are then sequentially investigated. This paper presents the results of the preliminary assessment of Neurologist's diagnostic accuracy. For a set of 30 test cases, the system's leading diagnosis was correct in 77%, and separation of correct and incorrect diagnostic hypotheses was excellent. Further evaluations of the system are in progress. PMID- 7019115 TI - Bite registration for the functional orthopedic appliance. PMID- 7019116 TI - Orthodontic-prosthodontic collaboration in the treatment of craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 7019118 TI - Membranes and cell movement: interactions of membranes with the proteins of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 7019117 TI - Membrane events associated with the generation of a blastocyst. PMID- 7019119 TI - Electrophysiology of cells and organelles: studies with optical potentiometric indicators. PMID- 7019120 TI - Synthesis and assembly of membrane and organelle proteins. PMID- 7019121 TI - Liposomes-as artificial organelles, topochemical matrices, and therapeutic carrier systems. PMID- 7019122 TI - Structural and functional evidence of cooperativity between membranes and cell wall in bacteria. PMID- 7019124 TI - Free vascularized bone grafts. PMID- 7019123 TI - Microneurovascular free flaps. PMID- 7019126 TI - Perinephric abscess: report of 19 cases. AB - Nineteen patients with perinephric abscess were treated during a period of ten years. Eighteen abscesses were cured by drainage performed as soon as the diagnosis had been made. One patient died because the correct diagnosis had not been reached, the correct one being revealed by autopsy. Staphylococcus and gram negative bacilli were equally isolated. Stones were present in thirteen patients. Forty-two per cent of the patients were diabetic. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 7019125 TI - Microsurgery in urology. AB - Microsurgery is becoming increasingly widely accepted in the field of urology, and microsurgical training well become an integral part of the programs for Residents in University Schools of Urology. In this paper we outline the present clinical application of microsurgery in urology and perspectives, for example: workbench surgery, testis transplantation, vasovasostomy, revascularization for impotence, penis replantation, microsurgery of the urinary tract. PMID- 7019128 TI - A survey of applications of modeling to respiration. PMID- 7019127 TI - Lymphocele as a complication of renal transplantation. AB - Lymphocele is a rare complication after renal transplantation. The symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment have been reported by several authors [1 9]. The symptoms are often insidious, variable and may result in difficult diagnostic problems. In this paper we present three cases of lymphocele as a surgical complication observed among 190 cases of renal transplantation. PMID- 7019129 TI - Microtubule-membrane interactions in cilia and flagella. PMID- 7019130 TI - DNA repair. PMID- 7019132 TI - [Introduction to some current problems in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7019131 TI - Insulin binding and glucose transport. PMID- 7019133 TI - [Problems in the histological classification and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7019134 TI - [Clinical aspects and prognosis of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7019135 TI - [Rational diagnosis or lymphogranulomatosis using staged radiologic procedures]. PMID- 7019136 TI - [Surgical staging of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7019137 TI - [Radiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7019138 TI - [Drug therapy of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7019139 TI - [Uses and risk of iodine prophylaxis in nuclear reactor accidents]. PMID- 7019140 TI - [Immunoenzyme technics as an alternative to radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 7019141 TI - [Vertigo and syncope]. PMID- 7019142 TI - [Neurologic causes of vertigo attacks]. PMID- 7019143 TI - [Phenomenology and differential diagnosis of peripheral and central vestibular vertigo]. PMID- 7019144 TI - [The intermittent vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. PMID- 7019145 TI - [Vertigo and syncope in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7019147 TI - [Cough syncope]. PMID- 7019146 TI - [Micturition syncope]. PMID- 7019148 TI - [Detection of occult blood in the stool]. PMID- 7019149 TI - Immunohistochemical comparison of ocular zonules and the microfibrils of elastic tissue. AB - Antibody to bovine zonules raised in rabbits gave diffuse staining of zonular fibrils with prominent accumulations at 35 to 45 nm sites of overbanding by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antibody binding occurred in both fresh and paraffin-embedded material and was not species specific. The same pattern of heavy antibody binding and 35 to 45 nm periodicity was found on the microfibrils of elastic tissue in human and bovine ciliary body, calf ligamentum nuchae, and chick aorta. This cross reaction is the first direct evidence of a structural similarity or identity between components of the zonules and the microfibrils of elastic tissue, correlating with similarities in their morphology and amino acid profiles. Interstitial collagen fibers appear to have a minimal quantity of antigenically similar material at cross-banding sites. These relationships may hold important clues to the site of systemic involvement in connective tissue diseases associated with lens dislocation. Zonular antibody should prove useful in investigating abnormalities of the zonular-elastic microfibrillar system and cross-banding sites. PMID- 7019150 TI - Immunochemical studies on the major intrinsic polypeptides from human lens membrane. AB - Cell membranes from the human lens contain two major polypeptides with molecular weights near 26,000 and 22,000. These two species have been isolated in a highly purified state and purified by means of an antiserum against the 26,000 dalton membrane polypeptide from bovine lens. Immunochemical data are presented that establish a clear structural relationship between the two polypeptides and are consistent with the hypothesis that the 22,000 dalton species derived proteolytically from the 26,000 dalton species. PMID- 7019151 TI - Corneal endothelial replacement. I. In vitro formation of an endothelial monolayer. AB - Cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells were seeded onto a corneal button denuded of its own endothelium. After an incubation time of 30 min to 1 hr, these cultured cells were able to repopulate and reconstitute a new endothelium over Descemet's membrane. Three basic cellular processes were involved in the formation of the new endothelial layer. (1) Adhesion of the cells to the tissue substrate occurred rapidly because Descemet's membrane is the natural substrate for these cells. (2) Expansion of the cells formed a continuous monolayer and, at the concentration used in our experiments, was achieved with a minimum of cell thinning. (3) Cohesion was developed within 1 hr after seeding when cells contacted each other by means of long thin cytoplasmic processes (filopodia). The special junctional complexes associated wih the fluid barrier found in the corneal endothelium were only partially formed 72 hr after plating the cultured cells. Finally, the durability of the reconstituted endothelium was examined by using the corneal buttons at keratoplasty. It appears that corneal buttons incubated for 1 to 2 hr may be used at keratoplasty. PMID- 7019152 TI - Corneal wound healing: holographic stress-test analysis. AB - Double-exposure holograms are taken of the patient's cornea after a heartbeat. The resulting stress test, or holographic interferogram, shows sharply demarcated fringe patterns outlining structurally weak areas in the cornea. Wound strength in postoperative keratoplasties is now being evaluated on a routine basis to determine the effect of topical medications and surgical techniques. All grafts measured to date reveal "bulging" or weakness of the wound margin by holography even though clinically they are fully "healed." Only one patient had a vascularized region of the wound that was stronger than surrounding cornea. It is no longer necessary to resort to pulling the wound apart in animals for measurement of tensile strength. PMID- 7019153 TI - Bacterial prostatitis: treatment with carbenicillin indanyl sodium. AB - The efficacy and safety of carbenicillin indanyl sodium were evaluated in 16 patients with acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis. Each patient received carbenicillin indanyl sodium (Geocillin) tablets, at a dosage of two 500 mg tablets (each tablet equivalent to 382 mg of carbenicillin) four times daily for either 14 days (acute patients) or 28 days (chronic patients). Clinical and bacteriologic success rates, based upon 4 week post therapy followup, were 93 per cent and 75 per cent respectively. There were no adverse reactions. Results with cephalexin in a concurrently treated alternative therapy group were generally unsatisfactory. Further evaluations of carbenicillin indanyl sodium in this treatment of resistant populations are clearly warranted. PMID- 7019154 TI - Francois Gigot de la Peyronie (1678-1747). PMID- 7019155 TI - Flow cytometric monitoring of R 3327 rat prostate carcinoma. AB - The R 3327 G tumor responds to estrogen in early stages, but relapses when estrogen therapy is continued beyond 50 days postimplantation. Measurement of DNA content per cell by flow cytometric analysis revealed two populations of cells in the tumors with ploidies of 2 c and 3.2 c. The proportion of aneuploid cells (3.2 c), determined from the flow cytometric DNA distributions, correlated well with tumor weight and age in control and estrogen treated animals. The simple parameter of per cent aneuploid cells thus adequately reflected the responsive and unresponsive states of tumors under hormonal therapy. PMID- 7019156 TI - Physico-chemical properties of the acid proteinase from A. fumigatus. AB - The physico-chemical properties of the purified acid proteinase were investigated. This enzyme was found to hydrolyze hemoglobin maximally among the different substrates used. The maximum hydrolysis of hemoglobin was found at pH 2.8 and 45 degrees C in 30 min. Km value of 5.5 X 10(-4) M was obtained from the Lineweaver Burk plot for the hydrolysis of hemoglobin. The enzyme was found to be most stable at pH 4.9. The maximum stability of the enzyme was observed with 2 per cent casein as a stabilising agent. It was found to have a molecular weight 37,500 consisting of 298 aminoacid residues. The partial specific volume of the acid proteinase was found to be 0.734 ml/g. Leucine and alanine were the amino and carboxy terminal aminoacids of the acid proteinase respectively. PMID- 7019157 TI - Levamisole: potentiation of primary immunoglobulin M antibody responses in suckling rats. AB - The influence of levamisole (LMS) on the primary immunoglobulin M (IgM antibody response of suckling rats was investigated. Although suckling rats did make a direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the magnitude of this response was much lower than that of adult rats. LMS treatment (2.5 mg/kg) markedly potentiated the anti-SRBC response in 10-day-old rats, but this enhanced PFC response never attained adult levels. In contrast, LMS failed to boost the anti-SRBC response of adult rats, although the adult response to suboptimal antigenic stimuli was enhanced. The ontogeny of immunological responsiveness to SRBC was not influenced by LMS; only existing responses could be modulated. The potentiating effect of LMS was dose-dependent, with high doses causing suppression. The influence of LMS did not involve the earlier appearance of PFC. Since LMS augmented the PFC response to SRBC when administered before or after antigen, it appears that both the inductive phase and the proliferative phase of antibody production can be modulated. Finally, the PFC responses to a more thymus-independent antigen (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-Ficoll) was boosted, suggesting that LMS may be capable of directly influencing B lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the functional immunodeficiency of the neonatal antibody response can be improved by LMS treatment. PMID- 7019158 TI - Alterations of immune response of DBA/2 mice by procarbazine treatment. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used as antigens to investigate the in vivo dose- and time-dependent effects of procarbazine (PCZ) treatment on antibody responses of adult male DBA/2 mice. The mice were exposed to different doses of PCZ (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg) and then immunized with LPS or SRBC at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Procarbazine treatment had essentially no effect on the number of LPS antibody-producing cells in spleens of mice in the entire range of PCZ dose and time, while the circulating antibody to LPS in serum diminished in mice treated with 600 mg/kg dose. In contrast, PCZ treatment altered the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of the mice to T-cell dependent antigen SRBC. At 100 mg/kg dose, a slight stimulation of immune response was noticed. However, at higher doses (300 and 600 mg/kg), the number of antibody-producing cells to SRBC was decreased. This decrease was 87% at the highest dose compared to the untreated mice. Besides the antibody-producing cells in spleen, the antibody titer to SRBC in serum was also significantly diminished. This markedly reduced immune response, however, was released with the passage of time and was almost completely recovered by day 21 after the PCZ treatment of the mice. In addition, a very significant decrease in the number of cells per spleen was observed at 600 mg dose. It is suggested that PCZ exerts its immunosuppressive effects by essentially affecting T cells, both by decreasing the antibody synthesis as well as the number of cells. PMID- 7019159 TI - Heterozygosity and homozygosity for the high oxygen affinity hemoglobin Tarrant or alpha 126 (H9) Asp replaced by Asn in two Mexican families. AB - Two Mexican families from the State of Jalisco have been studied in which 11 members were carriers of Hb Tarrant. Ten subjects were Hb Tarrant heterozygotes producing about 25% of the abnormal hemoglobin. One 9-year-old boy was homozygous for Hb Tarrant. About 50% of his hemoglobin was of the variant type. The heterozygotes had mild erythrocytosis which was considerably more severe in the homozygote. The average P50 value for blood of the heterozygote was 15.1 mm Hg (controls: 22.5 mm Hg) while this value was decreased to 9 mm Hg in the homozygote. The clinical condition of the homozygote is compatible with a mild chronic tissue hypoxia. PMID- 7019160 TI - Splenic abscess in infancy--diagnosis by ultrasonography. AB - Splenic abscess is a rare entity in children, and definite diagnosis is seldom made before operation. A case of splenic abscess in a high-risk infant is reported. An accurate diagnosis has been made preoperatively by ultrasonography. Characteristic sonographic findings are described. PMID- 7019161 TI - Quantitative carbon-14 autoradiography at the cellular level: principles and application for cell kinetic studies. AB - Amounts of radio-labelled substances as low as 10(-18) moles incorporated into individual cells can be measured by utilizing techniques of quantitative autoradiography. For this purpose, radioactive standard sources are processed with the labelled cells smeared to slides. Carbon-14 is a favourable isotope with regard to minimal loss of beta-disintegrations due to self-absorption, and to limited cross-fire effects complicating the attribution of silver grains to individual cells. Silver grain densities can be counted by automated microphotometry allowing on-line data processing by an interfaced computer. Rate measurements of 14C-thymidine incorporation into individual cells yield values of the DNA synthesis rate provided that the endogenous pathway of thymidine phosphate formation has been previously blocked. From the rate values of individual cells the DNA synthesis time of a cell compartment is derived. This is an essential time parameter for the evaluation of kinetic events in proliferating cell populations. This method is applicable to human cells without radiation hazard to man, and provides an optimal source of detailed information on the kinetics of normal and diseased human haematopoiesis. Examples of application consist of thalassaemia, malaria infection, iron deficiency anaemia and acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 7019162 TI - Scintillation autoradiography at the light microscopic level: a review. AB - This article reviews the reported attempts to expose autoradiographs, intended for examination by light microscopy, in the presence of scintillation fluid in order to increase efficiency and thus shorten exposure times. The scintillation process is reviewed, together with the use of comparable techniques in the autoradiography of chromatograms and electrophoresis gels. The conflicting reports on the usefulness of scintillation autoradiography in light microscopy are then discussed, and explanations sought for the wide diversity of claims made for the technique. Many of the more optimistic claims can be explained on the basis that the 'normal' autoradiographs used for comparison had unduly low efficiencies caused by inadequate drying of the emulsion and consequent latent image fading. The techniques used are unlikely to have produced any increase in efficiency through the scintillation process. Optimal conditions for obtaining such increases are derived from theoretical considerations. PMID- 7019163 TI - Microelectrophoresis as a tool in enzyme histochemistry. PMID- 7019164 TI - Trends in quantification in histochemistry and cytochemistry. PMID- 7019166 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of two water-soluble glycoproteins including the major allergen from the pollen of ryegrass, Lolium perenne. AB - Two major glycoproteins have been localized in sectioned grains of ryegrass pollen by direct and indirect immunofluorescence methods using Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled IgG fractions of antisera. These glycoproteins are the major allergen, Group 1 allergen, and a principal antigen, Antigen A. Four methods of fixation were employed: freeze-drying, methanol, 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 h at 4 degrees C. The post-embedding staining technique of immunocytochemistry was used: anthers were embedded directly, or after dehydration, in JB-4 plastic resin and antibody reacted with sectioned pollen. The effects of these fixatives on the antibody combining sites of the antigens were quantified by a solid phase radioimmunoassay using [125I]protein A to measure antibody binding. In mature pollen, these antigens were located in the cytoplasm and in the complex wall. In developing grains early in the maturation period, specific fluorescence was concentrated at the periphery of the cytoplasm. PMID- 7019168 TI - Salmonella enteritidis isolated from sputum: report of case. PMID- 7019169 TI - Niels Bohr. PMID- 7019167 TI - Timolol maleate and hydrochlorothiazide in control of essential hypertension: use of a fixed combination for once-a-day administration. PMID- 7019170 TI - Harry Stack Sullivan as social critic. PMID- 7019165 TI - Connective tissue: an eclectic historical review with particular reference to the liver. PMID- 7019171 TI - Effect of PEEP on gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in canine lobar pneumonia. AB - We investigated the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on respiratory gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in 10 dogs with left lower lobe (LLL) pneumonia. In 6 dogs, measurements were made with the chest closed and 12 cmH2O were applied; in 4 other open-chest dogs (group O), 6 cmH2O were used. Both groups showed similar changes, and the individual results for all dogs were averaged. With the animals breathing 100% oxygen, total pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and the relative distribution of pulmonary blood flow were measured before, during, and after PEEP. During the control periods, QLLL when expressed as a percent cardiac output averaged 24 +/- 7%. With PEEP, QLLL increased by more than 50% to a mean value of 37 +/- 5%. Despite this increase, the respective values of Qs/Qt and PaO2 improved slightly from 28% and 288 Torr to 25% and 370 Torr. This result suggested that PEEP also improved regional gas exchange, and this finding was subsequently confirmed in Group O where the shunt fractions of the lower lobes were additionally measured. Accordingly, our results show that PEEP altered regional perfusion and shunt so that, on the mean, there was little change in total pulmonary shunt. Whether PEEP worsened or improved gas exchange in any individual experiment was dependent on the relative magnitude of the changes in each of these regional parameters. PMID- 7019172 TI - Lung volume and pleural pressure effects on ventricular function. AB - To investigate the changes in ventricular function that occur during continuous positive-pressure ventilation, we studied the effects of separate increases in lung volume, pleural pressure, and right ventricular afterload in 15 dogs. Isovolume increases of pleural pressure caused changes in right and left ventricular hemodynamics indistinguishable from those induced by preload reduction. Lung distension with the chest open to atmosphere caused both right and left atrial intracavitary pressures to rise as cardiac output fell, suggesting altered function of both ventricles. Raising right ventricular afterload by pulmonary artery constriction did not reproduce the hemodynamic changes observed during increases of lung volume. These data indicate that the apparent alteration of ventricular function that occurs during continuous positive-pressure ventilation is produced by the associated increase in lung volume and that a right ventricular afterload-ventricular interdependence effect is not the responsible mechanism. PMID- 7019173 TI - Mechanisms of renal dysfunction during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation. AB - Twenty-seven anesthetized dogs were studied to determine the effects of intrarenal blood flow distribution, hepatic congestion, and cardiac output (Q) and/or intravascular volume on renal function during ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cmH2O. In 10 dogs intrarenal blood flow distribution, as determined by the radioactive-microsphere technique, remained unchanged although PEEP caused a significant antidiuresis and antinatriuresis. The selective release of hepatic congestion during PEEP in eight animals by means of a vena cava to jugular venous shunt circuit did not restore renal function. Nine dogs were transfused with 25 ml/kg of autologous blood during PEEP. Although Q remained at only 70% of control, renal blood flow and renal function (glomerular filtration rate, urinary sodium excretion, urine output, osmolar clearance, and free water clearance) were restored to control values. Our results suggest that the impairment in renal function during PEEP is not caused by changes in intrarenal blood flow distribution, Q, or hepatic congestion, but rather by a decrease in intravascular volume. PMID- 7019174 TI - Influence of housing and management factors on reproductive efficiency of swine. PMID- 7019175 TI - Malioxamycin, a new antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. I. Producing organism, fermentation, isolation and characterization. AB - Strain No. 15748, identifies as Streptomyces lydicus, produces a new antibiotic malioxamycin. Malioxamycin is a water-soluble, amphoteric antibiotic with low molecular weight, having a valine and a malic acid moieties in its structure. It gave a positive ninhydrin and ferric chloride reactions. Malioxamycin inhibited the growth of some Gram-negative bacteria by acting on peptidoglycan synthesis in the cell wall and produced spheroplasts from those sensitive bacteria. PMID- 7019176 TI - In vivo and in vitro cross-resistance of kanamycin-resistant mutants of E. coli to other aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - Cross resistance of kanamycin-resistant mutants of E. coli Q13 to other aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin and dibekacin) was demonstrated in vivo (growth) and in vitro (polyphenylalanine synthesis, codon misreading and translocation on the ribosomes). Kanamycin-resistant mutants, R1 4, R2-1, R2-2, R3-3 and R3-5 showed various degrees of cross-resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin and dibekacin in vivo. In vitro, polyphenylalanine synthesis was more resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, neomycin and gentamicin on the ribosomes of the kanamycin-resistant mutants than on those of the parental strain. In the presence of kanamycin, neomycin or gentamicin, less degrees of [14C]isoleucine uptake with poly[U] (codon misreading) were observed on the ribosomes obtained from the resistant mutants than on the sensitive cell ribosomes. The N-acetyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-puromycin synthesis enhanced by an elongation factor, EF-G and GTP (translocation) was more resistant to kanamycin and dibekacin on the mutant ribosomes than on the parental ribosomes. The results indicate that the cross-resistance to other aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as the kanamycin resistance, are attributed to mutational alterations of the ribosomes in these mutants. PMID- 7019177 TI - Selective cleavage of a peptide antibiotic, colistin by colistinase. AB - A colistin-inactivating enzyme, colistinase was produced by Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus KOYAMA, a colistin-producing microorganism. The crude colistinase was fractionated as two components (colistinase I and II) by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. Colistinase II was further purified and then, it showed as a single band in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of colistinase II was about 20,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and the isoelectric point was at about 8.3. Colistinase II cleaved specifically between the 2,4-diaminobutyric acid of the side chain and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid adjacent in the cyclic peptide portion of colistin molecule. PMID- 7019178 TI - Inhibition of Escherichia coli TEM-2 beta-lactamase by the sulfated compounds izumenolide, panosialin and sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 7019179 TI - Spreading of salmonellas during cattle slaughtering. PMID- 7019180 TI - A comparison of alternative methods to viable count for indicating growth of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in liquid culture. PMID- 7019181 TI - Thermostability of proteases and lipases from a number of species of psychrotrophic bacteria of dairy origin. PMID- 7019182 TI - Aquatic actinomycetes: a critical survey of the occurrence, growth and role of actinomycetes in aquatic habitats. PMID- 7019183 TI - The antimicrobial susceptibility test: a comparison of the results of four methods. PMID- 7019184 TI - An evaluation of the A-1 most probable number and the Anderson and Baird-Parker plate count methods for enumerating Escherichia coli in the Sydney rock oyster, Crassostrea commercialis. PMID- 7019185 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of 5-fluorocytosine in human serum. PMID- 7019186 TI - The effect of R-factor plasmids on host-cell responses to nalidixic acid I. Increased susceptibility of nalidixic acid-sensitive hosts. PMID- 7019187 TI - Is tubular function impaired during treatment with gentamicin or tobramycin? PMID- 7019188 TI - Renal elimination of cefoxitin and effect of probenecid after single and repeated doses. PMID- 7019189 TI - The combination of erythromycin and colistin against Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7019190 TI - Past and current use of clindamycin and lincomycin. PMID- 7019191 TI - Prophylaxis in surgery. PMID- 7019192 TI - Pathobiology of peritonitis: a review. PMID- 7019193 TI - Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of clindamycin. PMID- 7019194 TI - Clindamycin and other agents in the treatment of lung and pelvic infections. PMID- 7019195 TI - The treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children: a 10-year experience. PMID- 7019196 TI - Antibiotic and pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7019197 TI - Clindamycin in the 1980s. PMID- 7019199 TI - Mandibular displacement during mastication. PMID- 7019198 TI - The tetracyclines: prospects at the beginning of the 1980s. PMID- 7019200 TI - [Societe Royale Belge de Radiologie. Membership list]. PMID- 7019201 TI - Amoxapine: once versus divided daily doses in neurotic and endogenous depression. AB - In a six-week, double-blind clinical study of 35 hospitalized patients with the diagnoses of endogenous depression (18 patients) and depressive neuroses (17 patients), two dosage schedules of amoxapine were compared. While no statistically significant difference in overall therapeutic and adverse effects between the groups treated with single daily doses and divided daily doses were found by the end of the six weeks investigational period, onset of therapeutic effect was faster in the group treated with single daily doses. There was a significantly greater improvement in Anxiety-Somatization and Sleep Disturbance (HAM-D factors) in the group with depressive neurosis than in the group with endogenous depression. PMID- 7019202 TI - Reserpine added to neuroleptic-tricyclic in refractory schizophrenics. PMID- 7019203 TI - Structure of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of the Proteus mirabilis outer membrane. I. Isolation and characterization of fatty acid containing peptides from PAL. AB - In the outer membrane of P. mirabilis, a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of apparent molecular weight 18,000 is present as a major protein. A fatty acid-containing polypeptide (lipopolypeptide; LPP) was isolated by digestion of the purified PAL with trypsin in the presence of 0.05% SDS. It was composed of 31 amino acid residues, an unidentified compound[X], and ca. 3 fatty acid residues. A lipooligopeptide (LOP) was also isolated after further digestion of LPP with trypsin in the absence of SDS. LOP was composed of 4 amino acid residues (Asx, 2Ser, Lys), a compound[X], and ca. 3 fatty acid residues. The C-terminal amino acids of LPP and LOP were determined as arginine and lysine, respectively. On the other hand, the N-terminus of PAL, LPP, or LOP could not be identified by conventional N-terminal analysis of PAL, LPP, or LOP could not be identified by conventional N-terminal analysis, indicating that the N-terminus is probably masked. These results indicate that LPP and LOP are derived from the fatty attached amino terminal region of PAL. PMID- 7019204 TI - Structure of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of the Proteus mirabilis outer membrane. II. Sequence of the amino-terminal part of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein. AB - The amino acid of the lipooligopeptide (LOP) derived from the N-terminal region of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of Proteus mirabilis was determined to be [X]-Ser-Ser-Asn-Lys. An unidentified compound[X] present at the N-terminus was identified as glycerylcysteine [S-(propane-2,'3'-diol)-3-thio, 2 amino-propanoic acid]. The partial amino acid sequence of the lipopolypeptide (LPP), which contained the lipooligopeptide (LOP) at its N-terminal part, was also determined, mainly by Edman-degradation. The structure of the N-terminal part of PAL was determined to be [3 Fatty acids approximately glycerylcysteine Ser-Ser-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asp-Asp-Glu-Thr-Asp-Thr-Ser...]. The structure of PAL is discussed in comparison with Braun's lipoprotein. PMID- 7019205 TI - A rapid and large-scale isolation of renin from mouse submaxillary gland by pepstatin-aminohexyl-agarose affinity chromatography. AB - A pressor enzyme, renin, was purified about 60-fold by chromatography on an affinity column including pepstatin-aminohexyl-agarose with a high yield of 83% from the homogenate of adult mouse submaxillary glands. The renin obtained by the one-step purification was electrophoretically homogenous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel and was as active as an absolutely pure renin. The renin purified by the affinity column could be separated into five active components by chromatography on CM-cellulose. Each of these renins gave a symmetrical elution profile on the CM-cellulose column and a discrete protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Administration of nanogram quantities of each of the two major renin fractions to nephrectomized rats caused a sustained rise of blood pressure and decrease in sensitivity of the animal to angiotensin II. This rapid and large-scale purification method using pepstatin-aminohexyl-agarose eliminates all four fractionation steps reported previously for the isolation of mouse submaxillary gland renin. PMID- 7019206 TI - Comparison of intermonomer interactions within polymers of chicken gizzard and rabbit skeletal muscle actins. AB - Comparison of interactions between the monomers of chicken gizzard and skeletal muscle actin revealed: 1. A more pronounced increase of the extent of polymerization of chicken gizzard than skeletal muscle actin with temperature, which resulted in higher positive changes of entropy and enthalpy of the former than of the latter species. 2. A difference in spectral changes accompanying polymerization: the changes at 295 nm, attibuted to environmental changes around tryptophan residues, were less pronounced for gizzard than for skeletal actin. 3. A difference in the amount of heavy meromyosin added to gizzard and to skeletal F actin, with which the degree of flow birefringence of the acto-HMM complex is minimum: this amount was lower in the former than in the latter case. These results indicate quantitative differences between intermonomer interactions involved in polymerization of both actin species and also a possible difference in cooperativity between the monomers within the polymers of gizzard and skeletal actin. PMID- 7019207 TI - An homologous in vitro assay for yeast nonsense suppressors. AB - A cell-free translation system, from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used to develop an in vitro assay for yeast UGA, ochre and amber suppressors. Amber suppression was assayed by read-through of the brome mosaic virus coat protein cistron UAG terminator. UGA suppression was assayed by read-through of the rabbit beta-globin UGA terminator and ochre suppression by read-through of the rabbit alpha-globin mRNA UAA terminator. Ochre suppression was increased 3 fold when the globin mRNA was heat denatured prior to translation; this was due to an increase in the synthesis of alpha-globin relative to beta-globin. Amber suppression was more efficient in vitro (46%) than ochre suppression (14%). UGA suppression was also highly efficient in vitro, reaching almost 100% using a purified UGA suppressor tRNA from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unfractionated yeast tRNA, from a sup+ strain, contained a tRNA species able to suppress UGA termination codons in vitro, but no tRNA species able to suppress either UAA or UAG was found. This homologous in vitro assay for yeast nonsense suppressors will allow, for the first time, an approach to the biochemical analysis of yeast mutants that modify the efficiency of nonsense suppression in vivo. PMID- 7019208 TI - Inactivation of D-serine dehydratase by alkylamines via a transimination of enzyme-linked cofactor. AB - The time-dependent inactivation of D-serine dehydratase by alkylamines was characterized. Evidence is presented indicating that inactivation proceeds via a transimination reaction analogous to the first step in the catalytic pathway. The product of alkylamine attack, an alkylamine pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Schiff base, readily dissociated from D-serine dehydratase to produce inactive apoenzyme. Reaction with alkylamines was shown to be a convenient way of producing apoenzyme which can be reconstituted with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to fully active holoenzyme. Amino acids such as glycine and alanine, unlike alkylamines, did not resolve D-serine dehydratase but were competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The inability of amino acids to resolve D-serine dehydratase from its cofactor was attributed to a failure of the amino acid-cofactor Schiff base to dissociate from the enzyme. Transimination of D-serine dehydratase with its substrate D-serine was at least 3.5 X 10(5) times faster than a nonenzymic model transimination reaction and more than 70 million times faster than the reaction of the enzyme with 2-hydroxyethylamine, indicating that the carboxyl group of the substrate is an important structural determinant for catalysis of the transimination step in the catalytic pathway. An analysis of the inhibitory effect of potassium ion on the rate and extent of inactivation of D-serine dehydratase by alkylamines indicated that K+ binding increased the affinity of the enzyme for its cofactor by at least 13-fold. PMID- 7019209 TI - Homologous pairing in genetic recombination. The pairing reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli recA protein. AB - Purified recA protein, which is essential for genetic recombination of Escherichia coli, catalyzed ATP-dependent homologous pairing of double-stranded DNA and single-stranded fragments to form D-loops. When the double-stranded DNA was nicked circular DNA (form II) or linear DNA (form III), the reaction proceeded nearly linearly during 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. When the double-stranded DNA was superhelical (form I), anomalous kinetics was observed. This anomaly was suppressed by the addition of spermidine without affecting the final yield of D-loops. The formation of D-loops required stoichiometric amounts of recA protein, which were proportional to the concentration of single-stranded DNA but which were not affected by the concentration of double-stranded DNA. With form II or III DNA as the recipient for the formation of D-loops, the rate of the reaction was greatest when there was one monomer of recA protein/2-3 nucleotide residues of single-stranded DNA; larger amounts of single-stranded DNA inhibited the reaction. The formation of D-loops was half inhibited by 30 mM NaCl and by 0.6 mM ADP, one of the products of the reaction. The thermal stability of D-loops made by recA protein was the same as that of D-loops made by annealing. In addition to pairing linear single strands with duplex DNA, recA protein made joint molecules from single-stranded circular DNA and homologous form II or III DNA. According to these and previous observations (Cunningham, R. P., DasGupta, C., Shibata, T., and Radding, C. M. (1980) Cell 20, 223-235), rcA protein will stably pair two molecules of DNA if one of them is single-stranded or partially single-stranded and if either molecule has a free end. PMID- 7019210 TI - Quantitative relationship between autophagy and proteolysis during graded amino acid deprivation in perfused rat liver. AB - Fractional volumes of lysosomal-vacuolar elements and long lived protein degradation were quantitatively correlated in rat livers perfused in the single pass mode with varying levels of plasma amino acids. Volumes were determined stereologically; degradation was measured in a second stage cyclic perfusion from the linear accumulation of valine in the presence of cycloheximide and was corrected for loss of short lived proteins. Livers exhibited a high degree of amino acid responsiveness; total protein degradation decreased sharply from 4.5 to 1.5%/h (basal) over an amino acid range of 0-10 times (10X) normal plasma concentrations; near basal values were achieved at 1X. Vacuoles containing undegraded cytoplasm (AVi) appeared immediately following stringent deprivation and by 7.5 min were converted to degradative forms (AVd); both autophagic populations attained steady state volumes by 20 min. With amino acid additions, AVi formation virtually ceased and AVd regressed rapidly (0.087 min-1). Cytoplasmic turnover, calculated from this rate constant and the increases over basal in fractional volumes of either AVi or degradative components, agreed quantitatively with corresponding rates of protein turnover. Predictions from these findings, together with evidence for intralysosomal protein pools in both deprived and basal states, account fully for the accelerated proteolysis and suggest that cytoplasm is also internalized by lysosomes under basal conditions. PMID- 7019211 TI - Internalization of cytoplasmic protein by hepatic lysosomes in basal and deprivation-induced proteolytic states. AB - The hypothesis that cytoplasmic protein in rat liver is internalized and degraded intralysosomally during basal or steady state turnover as well as in deprivation accelerated states was tested by (a) determining the subcellular location of degradable protein in homogenates and (b) comparing the amounts of this protein pool with rates of long lived protein degradation in livers perfused under the above conditions. Greater than 95% of total proteolysis in homogenates, measured at 37 degrees C from free amino acid generation or the release of [14C]valine in previously labeled livers, was associated with particulate fractions, and it paralleled lysosomal markers closely during graded differential centrifugation after Triton WR-1339 loading. Because 14C-labeled cytosolic proteins were not degraded by intact isolated lysosomes at pH 6 or 7, the protein substrate must have been internalized by lysosomes prior to homogenization. Time courses of intralysosomal proteolysis from maximal deprivation down to and including basal were identical in shape, and each leveled off abruptly after 120-150 min. Although the velocities of proteolysis were reduced in vitro, estimates of the degradable protein pools were closely proportional to corresponding rates of long lived degradation in perfused livers. In absolute terms, they fit recent predictions of internalized cytoplasmic protein based on stereological measurements of lysosomal volumes. PMID- 7019212 TI - Two uncommon malignancies complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7019213 TI - Does pulsatile flow improve glucose tolerance during extracorporeal circulation. AB - The present study was designed to determine the effect of pulsatile glow on glucose tolerance during cardiac surgery. Twenty patients were divided into two equal groups; ten patients receiving non-pulsatile bypass and the remaining patients receiving pulsatile flow. Patients receiving pulsatile flow had significantly lower systemic resistance in the intensive care unit. Glucose tolerance, however, was similar in both patient groups. Insulin secretion was impaired and serum glucose remained elevated throughout the period of extracorporeal circulation. We conclude from this study that glucose tolerance is unaffected by pulsatile flow. PMID- 7019214 TI - Localization and organization of actin in melanophores. AB - Melanophores of the angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, were studied in an attempt to demonstrate the existence of actin in these cells although microfilaments had previously not been found. By use of a variety of procedures, including immunofluorescence microscopy of intact and detergent-extracted cells, transmission electron microscopy, high voltage electron microscopy of whole-mount preparations, and labeling with heavy meromyosin-subfragment 1, the presence of a loose cortical mesh of actin filaments is demonstrated. In addition, a more parallel array of filaments is detected in microspike- and microvillus-like surface projections. There seem to be no changes in the arrangement of these filaments as a function of the state of pigment distribution. No actin filaments could be found in association with pigment granules or microtubules in more central cell portions. For reasons presently unknown, the preservation of the cortical filament network in lysed cell preparations depends strongly on the presence of an intact microtubular system. The involvement of this subplasmalemmal actin filament network in pigment granule transport remains unclear. PMID- 7019215 TI - Roles of the CDC24 gene product in cellular morphogenesis during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. AB - Temperature-sensitive yeast mutants defective in gene CDC24 continued to grow (i.e., increase in cell mass and cell volume) at restrictive temperature (36 degrees C) but were unable to form buds. Staining with the fluorescent dye Calcofluor showed that the mutants were also unable to form normal bud scars (the discrete chitin rings formed in the cell wall at budding sites) at 36 degrees C; instead, large amounts of chitin were deposited randomly over the surfaces of the growing unbudded cells. Labeling of cell-wall mannan with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A suggested that mannan incorporation was also delocalized in mutant cells grown at 36 degrees C. Although the mutants have well-defined execution points just before bud emergence, inactivation of the CDC24 gene product in budded cells led both to selective growth of mother cells rather than of buds and to delocalized chitin deposition, indicating that the CDC24 gene product functions in the normal localization of growth in budded as well as in unbudded cells. Growth of the mutant strains at temperatures less than 36 degrees C revealed allele-specific differences in behavior. Two strains produced buds of abnormal shape during growth at 33 degrees C. Moreover, these same strains displayed abnormal localization of budding sites when growth at 24 degrees C (the normal permissive temperature for the mutants); in each case, the abnormal pattern of budding sites segregated with the temperature sensitivity in crosses. Thus, the CDC24 gene product seems to be involved in selection of the budding site, formation of the chitin ring at that site, the subsequent localization of new cell wall growth to the budding site and the growing bud, and the balance between tip growth and uniform growth of the bud that leads to the normal cell shape. PMID- 7019216 TI - Antibodies to the major insoluble milk fat globule membrane-associated protein: specific location in apical regions of lactating epithelial cells. AB - Milk lipid globules of various species are surrounded by a membrane structure that is separated from the triglyceride core of the globule by a densely staining fuzzy coat layer of 10- to 50-nm thickness. This internal coat structure remains attached to the membrane during isolation and extraction with low- and high-salt buffers, is insoluble in nondenaturing detergents, and is enriched in an acidic glycoprotein (butyrophilin) with an apparent Mr of 67,000. Guinea pig antibodies against this protein, which show cross-reaction with the corresponding protein in some (goat) but not other (human, rat) species, have been used for localization of butyrophilin on frozen sections of various tissues from cow by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Significant reaction is found only in milk-secreting epithelial cells and not in other cell types of mammary gland and various epithelial tissues. In milk-secreting cells, the staining is restricted to the apical cell surface, including budding milk lipid globules, and to the periphery of the milk lipid globules contained in the alveolar lumina. These findings indicate that butyrophilin, which is constitutively secreted by surface budding in coordination with milk lipid production, is located at the apical surface and is not detected at basolateral surfaces, in endoplasmic reticulum, and in Golgi apparatus. This protein structure represents an example of a cell type-specific cytoskeletal component in a cell apex. It is suggested that this antigen provides a specific marker for the apical surface of milk-secreting cells and that butyrophilin is involved in the vectorial discharge of milk lipid globules. PMID- 7019217 TI - Localization of sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol at the surface of rat testicular germinal cells by immunocytochemical techniques: pH dependence of a nonimmunological reaction between immunoglobulin and germinal cells. AB - The synthesis of sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol (SGG) is a marker of germinal cell differentiation during spermatogenesis. Antibodies raised against this lipid have been used to visualize SGG on the surfaces of rat spermatocytes and spermatids. An ionic interaction between SGG and immunoglobulin was shown to occur at physiological pH, resulting in high fluorescence backgrounds for control cells treated with nonimmune sera. Immunofluorescence was therefore performed at alkaline pH such that this interaction was much reduced or eliminated. A method was also developed to detect surface-bound complement fixed in the presence of anti-SGG. SGG was found to be mobile within the plane of the membrane, undergoing ligand-induced "patching" and occasional "capping." However, this phenomenon was independent of temperature. PMID- 7019218 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopy of organized microtubule arrays in structurally stabilized meristematic plant cells. AB - Cells were prepared for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy after paraformaldehyde fixation of multicellular root apices and brief incubation in cell wall-digesting enzymes. This allowed subsequent separation of the tissue into individual cells or short files of cells which were put onto coverslips coated with polylysine. Unlike spherical protoplasts made from living tissues, these preparations retain the same polyhedral shape as the cells from which they are derived. Cellular contents, including organized arrays of microtubules, are likewise structurally stabilized. Antibodies to porcine brain tubulin react with all types of microtubule array known to occur in plant meristematic cells, namely, interphase cortical microtubules, pre-prophase bands, the mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast microtubules. The retention of antigenicity in permeabilized, isolated, stabilized cells from typical, wall-enclosed plant cells has much potential for plant immunocytochemistry, and in particular should facilitate work on the role of microtubules in the morphogenesis of organized plant tissues. PMID- 7019219 TI - Presence and indirect immunofluorescent localization of calmodulin in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - In this paper we demonstrate the presence and localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent regulatory protein, in the ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia. Calmodulin is demonstrated by several criteria: (a) the ability of whole cell Paramecium extracts to stimulate mammalian phosphodiesterase activity, (b) the presence of an acidic, thermostable, 17,000-dalton polypeptide whose mobility shifts in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Ca2+, and (c) the affinity of antibodies against mammalian calmodulin for a Paramecium component as demonstrated by both indirect immunofluorescent localization and radioimmunoassay. Indirect immunofluorescence studies reveal that Paramecium calmodulin is distributed in three distinct regions of the cell, i.e., (a) large, spherical cytoplasmic organelles representing perhaps the food vacuoles or other vacuolar inclusions of the cell, (b) along the entire length of oral and somatic cilia, and (c) along a linear punctate pattern corresponding to the kinetics (basal bodies) of the cell. PMID- 7019220 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of phenylalanine hydroxylase and albumin in cultured hepatoma cells and isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Rhodamine-conjugated antibodies specific for phenylalanine hydroxylase and serum albumin were employed as cytochemical probes to identify these two proteins in H4 hepatoma cells and in isolated rat hepatocytes. Each fluorescent antibody stained the cells specifically and in a distinctive manner. In both cell types, albumin staining was discretely localized in cytoplasmic and in H4 cultures varied somewhat from cell to cell. Evidence from cultures of REB15 cells, a strain derived by cloning H4 cells in tyrosine-free medium, suggested that the staining variability of H4 cells could reflect a variability in phenylalanine hydroxylase content. Hydrocortisone-treated H4 cells and REB15 cultures contain increased amounts of phenylalanine hydroxylase; and all cells in the culture appear to be induced by the hormone. Evidence was presented to show that the albumin visualized within the isolated hepatocytes had been synthesized by these cells, and, furthermore, that quantitatively nearly all intracellular albumin in the isolated rat hepatocytes appeared to be entrained in the secretion pathway (analogous data already exist for H4 cells [Baker, R.E., and R. Shiman. 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254:9633-9639]). By scoring specific fluorescence, 86 and 98% of the H4 cells and 89 and 98% of the isolated hepatocytes were found to contain phenylalanine hydroxylase and albumin, respectively. Therefore, almost all cells in each population appeared to synthesize both proteins. An implication of these findings is that in rat virtually all liver parenchymal cells must synthesize both phenylalanine hydroxylase and albumin. PMID- 7019221 TI - Structural interaction of cytoskeletal components. AB - Three-dimensional cytoskeletal organization of detergent-treated epithelial African green monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) and chick embryo fibroblasts was studied in whole-mount preparations visualized in a high voltage electron microscope. Stereo images are generated at both low and high magnification to reveal both overall cytoskeletal morphology and details of the structural continuity of different filament types. By the use of an improved extraction procedure in combination with heavy meromyosin subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments, several new features of filament organization are revealed that suggest that the cytoskeleton is a highly interconnected structural unit. In addition to actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, a new class of filaments of 2- to 3-nm diameter and 30- to 300-nm length that do not bind heavy merymyosin is demonstrated. They form end-to-side contacts with other cytoskeletal filaments, thereby acting as linkers between various fibers, both like (e.g., actin- actin) and unlike (e.g., actin-intermediate filament, intermediate filament-microtubule). Their nature is unknown. In addition to 2- to 3-nm filaments, actin filaments are demonstrated to form end-to-side contacts with other filaments. Y-shaped actin filament "branches" are observed both in the cell periphery close to ruffles and in more central cell areas also populated by abundant intermediate filaments and microtubules. Arrowhead complexes formed by subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments point towards the contact site. Actin filaments also form end-to-side contacts with microtubules and intermediate filaments. Careful inspection of numerous actin-microtubule contacts shows that microtubules frequently change their course at sites of contact. A variety of experimentally induced modifications of the frequency of actin-microtubule contacts can be shown to influence the course of microtubules. We conclude that bends in microtubules are imposed by structural interactions with other cytoskeletal elements. A structural and biochemical comparison of whole cells and cytoskeletons demonstrates that the former show a more inticate three-dimensional network and a more complex biochemical composition than the latter. An analysis of the time course of detergent extraction strongly suggests that the cytoskeleton forms a structural backbone with which a large number of proteins of the cytoplasmic ground substance associate in an ordered fashion to form the characteristic image of the "microtrabecular network" (J.J. Wolosewick and K.R. Porter. 1979. J. Cell Biol. 82: 114-139). PMID- 7019223 TI - Relation between cell activity and the distribution of cytoplasmic actin and myosin. AB - We documented the activity of cultured cells on time-lapse videotapes and then stained these identified cells with antibodies to actin and myosin. This experimental approach enabled us to directly correlate cellular activity with the distribution of cytoplasmic actin and myosin. When trypsinized HeLa cells spread onto a glass surface, the cortical cytoplasm was the most actively motile and random, bleb-like extensions (0.5-4.0 micrometer wide, 2-5 micrometer long) occurred over the entire surface until the cells started to spread. During spreading, ruffling membranes were found at the cell perimeter. The actin staining was found alone in the surface blebs and ruffles and together with myosin staining in the cortical cytoplasm at the bases of the blebs and ruffles. In well-spread, stationary HeLa cells most of the actin and myosin was found in stress fibers but there was also diffuse antiactin fluorescence in areas of motile cytoplasm such as leading lamellae and ruffling membranes. Similarly, all 22 of the rapidly translocating embryonic chick cells had only diffuse actin staining. Between these extremes were slow-moving HeLa cells, which had combinations of diffuse and fibrous antiactin and antimyosin staining. These results suggest that large actomyosin filament bundles are associated with nonmotile cytoplasm and that actively motile cytoplasm has a more diffuse distribution of these proteins. PMID- 7019226 TI - Isolation of human urine urokinase by column chromatography on sawdust and some properties of the enzyme obtained. PMID- 7019224 TI - Comparison of the control and pathways for degradation of the acetylcholine receptor and average protein in cultured muscle cells. AB - In the studies reported here, we investigated whether the degradation of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in cultured muscle cells involves similar mechanisms as, and is controlled in a manner similar to, the catabolism of the bulk of cell protein. We compared these processes after labeling cell protein with radioactive leucine or phenylalanine for 24 hours, or labeling the acetylcholine receptor with (125I)-bungarotoxin. The apparent average half-life of cell protein was 38 +/- 2 hours and that of the receptor-toxin complex was 25 +/- 1 hours. Incubation in media lacking serum and embryo extract accelerated the degradation of both average protein and the receptor-toxin complex. Insulin reduced the rate of catabolism of both average protein and the receptor-toxin complex toward levels seen in the presence of serum. However, although these two degradative processes seem to be controlled similarly, they probably involve different mechanisms. The protease inhibitors leupeptin and chymostatin, which slowed overall proteolysis in nongrowing muscles and hepatocytes, reduced the degradation of the ACh receptor by 2--11-fold, but had no, or only slight, effects on the catabolism of average protein, even when overall proteolysis was accelerated by omitting serum and embryo extract. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal function, also reduced the degradation of AChR, by about 10-fold, but decreased overall protein breakdown by only 20-30%. Incubation of myotubes at lower temperatures reduced both degradative processes, but affected the breakdown of the receptor to a greater extent. Thus the rate-limiting steps in these processes have different activation energies. Incubation with 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis, decreased the breakdown of average protein but not that of the receptor-toxin complex. However, the two degradative processes were sensitive to azide, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. Although the lysosome is the primary site for AChR degradation and perhaps for degradation of other surface proteins, the breakdown of most proteins in myotubes seems to involve a distinct proteolytic system requiring metabolic energy. PMID- 7019222 TI - Distribution of kinetochore (centromere) antigen in mammalian cell nuclei. AB - Antigens associated with mammalian centromeres were localized at the high and electron microscopic levels using the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. The antibody used was of a type naturally occurring in the sera of patients with scleroderma. At the light microscopic level, it reacts specifically with the centromere regions of chromosomes in a variety of mammalian species and strains in discrete foci in interphase nuclei. We find that the number of foci approximates the number of chromosomes present in the various cell types. At the ultrastructural level, the antigenic foci are confirmed to lie in the kinetochore regions of each chromosome. In interphase nuclei, the antigenic foci were usually associated either with the inner surfaces of the nuclear envelope or with the nucleoli. These observations indicate that the centromere regions of the chromosomes in interphase are not randomly distributed within the nucleus but are usually fixed either to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope or to nucleoli. PMID- 7019225 TI - [Common bile duct stone formation on migrating ligature threads. A report on three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Common bile duct stones developed around non-absorbable suture threads that had migrated into the common bile duct in three patients. Two cases were typical in that they involved migration of the gallbladder stump ligature thread, associated in one cases with that of the arterial ligature. the third, rather more unusual case, involved the formation of stone on a nylon thread fifteen years after removal of the head and body of the pancreas following an injury, without any intervention on the biliary tract. The only explanation possible for the presence of a thread in the biliary tract is that it migrated through the Wirsung's duct. The published literature on the particular subject of common bile duct stone formation on non-absorbable suture material is reviewed. PMID- 7019227 TI - A preferential binding site for insulin-like growth factor II in human and rat placental membranes. PMID- 7019229 TI - Multihormonal regulation of surfactant synthesis by human fetal lung in vitro. AB - Explants prepared from the lung tissue of human abortuses of 20-22 weeks gestational age were incubated in defined medium without serum. These tissues developed the capacity for surfactant synthesis within 4 days. The ductular epithelium differentiated into type II pneumonocytes that contained numerous lamellar bodies. These morphological changes were accompanied by an increase in the rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine as well as an increase in the phosphatidylcholine content of the explants. Cortisol (0.2 micrograms/ml) plus PRL (2.5 micrograms/ml), when added to the medium from the beginning of the culture period, caused a 2- to 3-fold increase in the rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, as measured on the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth days of incubation, as well as an increase in the phosphatidylcholine content of the explants. However, when administered alone, neither cortisol nor PRL affected phosphatidylcholine synthesis. In explants incubated with cortisol plus PRL there also was a stimulation of lamellar body secretion into the prealveolar ducts. The lamellar bodies in epithelial cells were larger in cortisol- plus PRL-treated tissue than those in nontreated tissues. Increases in phosphatidylcholine synthesis and lamellar body secretion also were observed in tissues incubated with insulin (2.5 micrograms/ml), cortisol, and PRL in combination or with insulin and cortisol in combination. The stimulatory effect of cortisol plus insulin on phosphatidylcholine synthesis, however, was significantly less than that of cortisol plus PRL or cortisol plus insulin plus PRL. It is suggested that human fetal lung development is under multihormonal control and that PRL and cortisol serve to increase surfactant synthesis and secretion. PMID- 7019228 TI - Measurement of insulin-like growth factor II by a specific radioreceptor assay in serum of normal individuals, patients with abnormal growth hormone secretion, and patients with tumor-associated hypoglycemia. AB - A radioreceptor assay for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is described in which [125I]IGF-II is bound by rat placental membranes. IGF-I and other insulin related peptides have less than 1% of the potency of IGF-II in displacing [125I] IGF-II. IGF-II is extracted from its serum binding protein with a simple acid ethanol step. After neutralization with Tris base, the extract is introduced directly into the radioreceptor assay. Results are expressed in terms of a reference serum with an assigned potency of 1 U/ml. By this method, serum from normal adults, 20-69 yr of age, had a mean (+/-SE)IGF-II activity of 0.73 +/- 0.03; higher concentrations were noted in adults more than 70 years of age (1.05 +/- 0.05), in cord serum (1.55 +/- 0.24), and in short children with normal GH secretion (0.88 +/- 0.42). In hypopituitary dwarfism, serum IGF-II activity was reduced (0.50 +/- 0.05), but in acromegaly, it was not increased (0.77 +/- 0.06). In 10 of 14 serum samples from patients with tumor-related hypoglycemia, the IGF II exceeded the normal 95.5% confidence limits. In 8 of these sera, IGF-I by RIA was low, and in 5, it was essentially unmeasurable. These results with a new radioreceptor assay for IGF-II provide additional evidence that the regulation of this serum peptide differs from that of IGF-I. PMID- 7019230 TI - Calcitonin, a diabetogenic hormone? AB - The effect of calcitonin on oral glucose tolerance and on insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and GH secretion has been investigated in man. Eight subjects with normal glucose tolerance and eight with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were studied. Each subject received two oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g) in random order, one under basal conditions and the other during the simultaneous in administration of salmon calcitonin (100 Medical Research Council Units). In all subjects, calcitonin exaggerated the rise in plasma glucose after oral sugar. The integrated areas under the plasma glucose curves were 4,400 +/- 840 mg/dl.min (normals) and 8,708 +/- 1,840 mg/dl.min (IGT) without calcitonin, and 8,208 +/- 1,700 mg/dl. min (normals) and 19,500 +/- 3,500 mg/dl. min (IGT) with calcitonin (P less than 0.01). Plasma insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) by calcitonin at all times after the start of the test in both normal and IGT groups. The inhibitory action of oral glucose on glucagon secretion was partially prevented by calcitonin (P less than 0.01). Moreover, calcitonin completely blunted the GH rebound occurring at the end of the test. These findings demonstrate that calcitonin impairs glucose tolerance in man by both inhibiting glucose-induced insulin secretion (primary effect) and reducing glucose-mediated glucagon suppression (accessory effect). These effects of calcitonin could be explained by a decrease in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in both alpha- and beta-cells. PMID- 7019231 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin secretion by dispersed cell cultures of human pituitary adenomas: long term effects of hydrocortisone, estradiol, insulin, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine. PMID- 7019232 TI - Rapid changes in somatomedin activity during insulin-induced hypoglycemia: possible release of an inhibitory factor. AB - Somatomedin activity was determined by bioassay during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 24 patients with a variety of pituitary disorders. Initial somatomedin levels appeared to depend primarily on the state of GH secretion and were unaffected by abnormal PRL secretion. During the test, somatomedin activity fell to a minimum after 45 to 60 min and subsequently returned to initial values in those patients whose GH levels rose in response to insulin hypoglycemia, but not in patients lacking a GH response. Heat treatment of the plasma abolished the change in somatomedin activity in the majority of patients, and it is likely that the apparent fall in somatomedin was due to the presence of a heat-labile inhibitor of somatomedin action on cartilage. PMID- 7019233 TI - Lysostaphin disk test for routine presumptive identification of staphylococci. AB - The sensitivity of the lysostaphin disk test was evaluated for routine differentiation of staphylococci from micrococci. Lyophilized paper disks impregnated with 10 micrograms of lysostaphin were placed on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate inoculated with 10 species of staphylococci and 7 species of micrococci. After 16 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, a circular zone of growth inhibition was noted for all staphylococci species tested. By contrast, all the micrococci species were resistant. The activity of the impregnated disks was not diminished by storing them at 4 degrees C for 3 months. With disks impregnated by 10, 6.6, 5, and 2.5 micrograms of lysostaphin, diameters of the growth inhibition zone for S. aureus Cowan 1 NCTC 8530 strain were proportional to the logarithm of the quantity of lysostaphin present in each disk. PMID- 7019234 TI - Modified oxidase and benzidine tests for separation of staphylococci from micrococci. AB - Two simple and rapid methods for the separation of staphylococci from micrococci are described. They are based on modified oxidase and benzidine tests. Micrococci and Staphylococcus sciuri yield a blue color with a 6% solution of tetramethylphenylenediamine in dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas all of the other staphylococci exhibit no coloration. Best's results were obtained with overnight cultures on blood agar. The presence of c-type cytochromes i micrococci and S. sciuri could be detected with benzidine; all noncovalently linked heme groups are removed before the addition of the benzidine reagent. The oxidase test is the simplest and most rapid method for the separation of staphylococci (except S. sciuri) from micrococci, if the nutritional requirements and the time of incubation are strictly followed. This test is especially recommended for the examination of clinical material in which S. sciuri is usually not found. PMID- 7019235 TI - Microtest procedure for isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Management of patients potentially infected with Chlamydia trachomatis has been hampered by the cost and time required to perform Chlamydia cultures. To isolate C. trachomatis, we developed a microtiter method that exhibited equal sensitivity but less frequent contamination than our previously used vial-cover slip culture system. In addition, costs and technician time were substantially reduced with the microtest method. Subsequent studies showed that cycloheximide-treated cells were superior to 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine-treated cells in the microtest method and that a subpassage significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the method. The microtest method appears to be a sensitive, rapid, and economical method for isolating C. trachomatis. PMID- 7019236 TI - Antibodies to the enterobacterial common antigen: standardization of the passive hemagglutination test and levels in normal human sera. AB - The passive hemagglutination test for antibodies against the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) of Kunin was standardized for diagnostic purposes. Human erythrocytes were coated with a soluble ECA+ preparation from Salmonella typhimurium or, as specificity controls, with a similar ECA- preparation from congenic ECA-negative bacteria with saline, and the hemagglutination assay was performed on microtiter plates. The specificity of the test was ascertained further by inhibition assays with purified ECA and with crude ECA+ and ECA- preparations. The reproducibility of the tests was 96.4%; on this basis, a fourfold or larger difference in titers was regarded as significant. The anti-ECA titers in 649 serum samples from healthy persons ranged from less than 4 to 8,192. The titers increased with age, so that th geometric mean titers were 57 at 1.5 years of age and 201 at 45 years of age. After this, the titers decreased again, to a low of 52 in persons more than 70 years old. Women had higher titers than men up to the age of 40 years. PMID- 7019237 TI - Quantitation of antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b in humans by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted to detect serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, and secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in humans. I studied serum samples from 92 healthy children of various ages, 50 healthy adults, 24 patients with various H. influenzae type b infections, and 16 patients with clinical signs of epiglottis and cellulitis suspected to be caused by H. influenzae type b. The mean antibody titers of the sera from healthy children increased with age and reached adult levels in children more than 6 years old. A significant antibody response to capsular polysaccharide was observed in serum samples from the majority of patients with infections due to H. influenzae type b and in 4 of 16 patients with clinical signs of epiglottis and cellulitis. In addition to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antibody responses of patients were tested by a bactericidal assay. When the two methods were compared, there was no evident correlation (r, about 0.22). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was further adapted to test secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies specific to capsular polysaccharide in nasopharynx secretions and in milk samples from lactating women. Antibodies were detected in 12 of 24 secretions and 9 of 11 milk samples. PMID- 7019238 TI - Selective medium for isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Selective media for Klebsiella pneumoniae have been important in studies of hospital-acquired infections. On an agar medium which included ornithine, raffinose, and Koser citrate, K. pneumoniae strains grew as yellow mucoid colonies at 24 h and there was some increase in colony size at 48 h. Other members of Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited or produced small pink colonies on this same medium. Pseudomonas, Providencia, Acinetobacter, and Proteus species did not grow or showed very poor growth. The growth and appearance of these bacteria were not influenced by pH changes over a pH range of 5.2 to 6.4. Of 368 swabs of body sites cultured on MacConkey agar and on the test medium, 121 K. pneumoniae isolates on MacConkey agar and the same number on the test medium resulted. There were no discrepancies between the two media. Upon direct plating of stool, however, more K. pneumoniae colonies were isolated on the test medium than on MacConkey agar. Colonies on the test medium were more readily selected and identified than the colonies on MacConkey agar. There was also no inhibition of K. pneumoniae growth on the test medium compared with blood agar medium. This medium may be useful for the selective isolation of K. pneumoniae. PMID- 7019239 TI - Rapid oxidase method for testing oxidase-variable Aeromonas hydrophila strains. AB - A rapid, same-day oxidase test procedure which obviates the problem of false negative oxidase reactions of Aeromonas hydrophila removed from the surface of differential media such as MacConkey agar is described. This method allows oxidase testing to be performed within 3 h, rather than delaying the oxidase test for an additional 18 to 24 h. This procedure is applicable to any rapidly growing gram-negative rod. PMID- 7019240 TI - Detection of bacterial pathogens in purulent clinical specimens by immunofluorescence techniques. AB - A technique is described which may be used to identify Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B streptococci, and Staphylococcus aureus in smears of clinical specimens. PMID- 7019241 TI - Models for action. PMID- 7019242 TI - Care and carelessness in federal child health policy. PMID- 7019243 TI - In vitro reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in the rat. Reevaluation of the roles of insulin and glucose. AB - Studies were conducted to determine whether the direction of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat could be switched simultaneously from a "fasted" to a "fed" profile in vitro. When incubated for 2 h under appropriate conditions hepatocytes from fasted animals could be induced to synthesize glycogen at in vivo rates. There was concomitant marked elevation of the tissue malonyl-coenzyme A level, acceleration of fatty acid synthesis, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In agreement with reports from some laboratories, but contrary to popular belief, glucose was not taken up efficiently by the cells and was thus a poor substrate for eigher glycogen synthesis or lipogenesis. The best precursor for glycogen formation was fructose, whereas lactate (pyruvate) was most efficient in lipogenesis. In both case the addition of glucose to the gluconeogenic substrates was stimulatory, the highest rates being obtained with the further inclusion of glutamine. Insulin was neither necessary for, nor did it stimulate, glycogen deposition or fatty acid synthesis under favorable substrate conditions. Glucagon at physiological concentrations inhibited both glycogen formation and fatty acid synthesis. Insulin readily reversed the effects of glucagon in the submaximal range of its concentration curve. The following conclusions were drawn. First, the fasted-to-fed transition of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism can be accomplished in vitro over a time frame similar to that operative in vivo. Second, reversal appears to be a substrate driven phenomenon, in that insulin is not required. Third, unless an unidentified factor (present in protal blood during feeding) facilitates the uptake of glucose by liver it seems unlikely that glucose is the immediate precursor for liver glycogen or fat synthesis in vivo. A likely candidate for the primary substrate in both processes is lactate, which is rapidly formed from glucose by the small intestine and peripheral tissues. Fructose and amino acids may also contribute. Fourth, the requirement for insulin in the reversal of the fasting state of liver metabolism in vivo can best be explained by its ability to offset the catabolic actions of glucagon. PMID- 7019244 TI - Early recovery of regional performance in salvaged ischemic myocardium following coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - Although numerous agents have been shown experimentally to protect ischemic myocardium, a critical unanswered question is whether function is preserved in the salvaged tissue. Accordingly, 38 openchest dogs had measurements of percent segment length shortening (%SS) and velocity of segment length shortening either in midmyocardial or subepicardial and subendocardial ischemic segments before and after 60 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion during 5 h of reperfusion; 10 additional dogs were subjected to 3 h of coronary occlusion followed by 72 h of reperfusion. 15 min after coronary artery occlusion, radiolabeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium for measurement of regional myocardial blood flow, and dogs were treated with 1 mg/kg i.v. (n = 23) of an anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen or an equal volume of saline (n = 25). The ischemic myocardium-at-risk for necrosis was determined by injecting methylene blue dye into the left atrium with the coronary artery reoccluded at the end of the reperfusion period, slicing the left ventricle into thin transverse sections, and measuring the areas of each slice that were not perfused (pink unstained tissue) by methylene blue. The quantity of necrotic tissue in each transverse section was measured by planimetry after incubation of the slices in triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and by direct histological examination in dogs with 72 h of reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow of the ischemic segments between the ultrasonic dimension crystals was similar in treated (0.34+/-0.03 ml/min per g) and control dogs (0.35+/-0.03 ml/min per g). In saline-treated control dogs subjected to a l-h coronary occlusion, 17.9+/-1.8% of the myocardium at-risk became necrotic but in flurbiprofen-treated dogs none of the tissue became necrotic. In saline-treated dogs passive lengthening of the previously ischemic segments persisted through 5 h of reperfusion in all three regions of myocardium after a 1-h coronary occlusion. In flurbiprofen-treated dogs regional function returned to normal within 5 min of reperfusion in both the subendocardium (%SS preocclusion = 17.2+/-2.0%; 5 min reperfusion = 17.8+/-3.1%; P = NS) and in the midmyocardium (%SS preocclusion = 17.8+/-2.2%; 5 min reperfusion = 17.9+/-2.3%; P = NS) and was not significantly different after 5 h of reperfusion from what it was before coronary occlusion. In the subepicardium of treated dogs regional function began to improve within 15 min of drug administration even during coronary occlusion. Regional function was not different from preocclusion values after either 5 min or 5 h of reperfusion (%SS preocclusion = 21.0+/-2.4%; 5 min reperfusion = 20.6+/-3.8%; P = NS). In dogs subjected to 3 h of coronary occlusion and 72 h of reperfusion, the administration of flurbiprofen was also associated with significantly smaller infarcts and a significantly more rapid rate of functional recovery than in control dogs.Thus, it appears that flurbiprofen not only decreased the quantity of necrosis in tissue made ischemic after coronary occlusion and then reperfused, but also allowed more rapid recovery of segmental function in ischemic but nonnecrotic tissue and in tissue with patchy necrosis; such recovery did not occur in equally ischemic myocardium in untreated control dogs. Earlier functional recovery of reversibly injured tissue following prolonged periods of ischemia is an additional important role for agents that protect ischemic myocardium from necrosis. PMID- 7019245 TI - Impairment of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in HbEE erythrocytes. AB - HbE is a beta-chain mutant frequently found among inhabitants of Southeast Asia and surrounding territories. We find that Plasmodium falciparum multiplies more slowly in erythrocytes from individuals homozygous for HbE than in cells from HbA individuals. In contrast, this parasite grows normally in erythrocytes heterozygous for HbE. This is the first direct evidence that suggests what has been suspected on the basis of circumstantial data, that HbE-containing erythrocytes might be advantageous to the carrier in regions with endemic malaria. PMID- 7019246 TI - In vivo inhibition of glucagon secretion by paracrine beta cell activity in man. AB - The close anatomical relationships betaeen pancreatic alpha and beta cells makes possible their interaction at a local (paracrine) level. To demonstrate this in vivo, we have compared the acute glucagon response to intravenous arginine in the basal state and after beta cell suppression by infusions of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration was maintained by the glucose clamp technique. In six normal weight nondiabetics, infusion of insulin at 0.2 mU/kg per min (rate 1) raised the mean +/- SEM plasma insulin levels from 10 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 4 mU/liter and at 1 mU/kg per min (rate 2) raised plasma insulin to 84 +/- 8 mU/liter. This resulted in beta cell suppression, as shown by a diminution in the acute insulin response (incremental area under the insulin response curve, 0-10 min): basal = 283 +/- 61, 199 +/- 66 (rate 1) and 143 +/- 48 mU/liter per 10 min (rate 2) and a fall in prestimulus C-peptide from 1.05 +/- 0.17 to 0.66 +/- 0.15 and to 0.44 +/- 0.15 mM/liter (all P less than 0.01). This beta cell suppression was associated with increased glucagon responses to arginine: 573 +/- 75 (basal), 829 +/- 114 (rate 1), and 994 +/- 136 ng/liter per 10 min (rate 2) and increased peak glucagon responses 181 +/- 11 (basal), 214 +/- 16 (rate 1), and 259 +/- 29 ng/liter (rate 2) (all P less than 0.01). In all subjects, there was a proportional change between the rise in he acute glucagon response to arginine and the fall in the prearginine C-peptide level. To demonstrate that augmented glucagon response was due to betw cell suppression, and not to the metabolic effect of infused insulin, similar studies were performed in C-peptide-negative diabetics. Their acute glucagon response to arginine was inhibited by the insulin infusion: 701 +/- 112 (basal), 427 +/- 33 (rate 1), and 293 +/- 67 ng/liter per 10 min (rate 2) as was their peak glucagon response: 268 +/- 69, 170 +/- 36, and 115 +/- 33 ng/liter (all P less than 0.01). Thus, hyperinsulinemia, within the physiological range achieved by insulin infusion, inhibits beta cell secretion which, via a paracrine mechanism, potentiates glucagon secretion. PMID- 7019247 TI - Structure and function changes in the endocrine pancreas of aging rats with reference to the modulating effects of exercise and caloric restriction. AB - The current study was conducted to determine if physical activity and/or weight control could influence the age-related decrease in beta cell insulin response noted in earlier studies. As such, virgin, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained in our facility for 1 yr on three differential experimental programs; in the first group, control rats lived under standard laboratory conditions; the second group of rats ran several miles a day in exercise wheels, and the third group was given a calorie-restricted diet designed to keep the rats weight matched with the exercising rats. The results showed that the 12-mo-old sedentary control rats weighed an average of 800g. From the time these rats were 4 mo old, they were significantly hyperinsulinemic, with mean (+/- SEM) serum insulin levels of 55 +/- 6 microU/ml. Morphological studies on the pancreas of these rats at the end of the year revealed enlarged, multilobulated, fibrotic islets. After collagenase digestion, the most normal-appearing islets from the 12-mo-old controls were used for insulin secretion studies, these islets showed significantly reduced glucose-induced insulin release (0.83 microU insulin/min per volume islet) compared with islets from young rats (1.80 microU insulin/min per volume islet). In contrast, 12-mo-old exercised or calorie-restricted rats weighed approximately 500 g and did not show the changes in serum insulin levels or pancreas pathology exhibited by the sedentary control animals. However, islets from the calorie-restricted group functioned in vitro no better than islets from he sedentary control group. Islets from the exercised rats were somewhat improved in this regard. In summary, we believe exercise and weight control diminishes the animals' need for insulin-resulting in youthful-appearing islets after a year's time. However, these regimes do not appear able to correct the beta cell decline in function previously described. PMID- 7019249 TI - Teenage smoking: a medical responsibility. PMID- 7019250 TI - Relaxation/mental imagery (self-hypnosis) and pelvic examinations in adolescents. AB - A first pelvic examination in a teenage woman is often an anxiety-producing and/or a terrifying event. The anxiety of this first examination, coupled with the inherent stresses of adolescence, creates important crucial expectations for future examinations. Self-hypnosis, i.e., relaxation/mental imagery has been extremely useful as an adjunct in achieving comfort and relaxation for the adolescent during the examination. In addition, it assists in developing an increased sense of self-control. Approaches and techniques of relaxation/mental imagery are illustrated in four representative case reports. Current theories and applications of clinical hypnosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7019248 TI - In vitro effects of a sulfonylurea on insulin action in adipocytes. Potentiation of insulin-stimulated hexose transport. AB - The mechanism(s) by which the oral sulfonylurea, tolazamide, exerts its extrapancreatic hypoglycemic effects was studied using rat epididymal adipose tissue maintained 20-44 h in the presence or absence of the drug. Insulin binding, hexose transport and glucose metabolism were compared in adipocytes isolated from the cultured tissue. In contrast to earlier reports that suggested that sulfonylureas alter the binding of insulin, neither receptor number nor affinity were changed by tolazamide treatment. The uptake of the glucose analogs 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose in the absence of insulin (i.e., basal) was also unchanged. However, exposure to tolazamide resulted in a potentiation of the stimulatory effects of insulin by approximately 30% at each hormone concentration assayed (0.4-40 ng/ml). This potentiation was dependent on the tolazamide concentration (0.003-0.30 mg/ml), with a maximal effect observed at therapeutic levels. A tolazamide analog hypoglycemic activity in vivo was found not to enhance either basal or insulin-stimulated uptake in vitro. Conversion of 0.1-5.0 mM glucose to CO2 and total lipids in the presence of insulin was also potentiated by tolazamide treatment. The inability of the drug to directly stimulate basal glucose uptake was paralleled by its lack of effect on glucose metabolism. At 50 mM glucose, where transport is no longer rate-limiting, tolazamide did not potentiate metabolism in the absence or the presence of insulin. These studies demonstrate that tolazamide in vitro alters postreceptor insulin action without influencing the receptor, and suggests insulin-stimulated hexose transport as the cellular process responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonyureas in adipose tissue. PMID- 7019251 TI - Comments about cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. AB - This article identifies, describes and discusses two major sources of controversy between cognitive therapists and behavior therapists. One class of conflict has been generated by specific misinterpretations of opposing viewpoints. Appropriate quotations are used in an attempt to clarify the views of the major protagonists. The other source of conflict is the metaphysical issue of mind-body dualism and differing definitions of psychology. After discussing justifications for renewed research on cognitive interactions and the major behaviorist objections to such an effort, the author recommends intensified applications of behavioral technology in the socio-economic and political arena. PMID- 7019252 TI - Roots and branches of behavioral and cognitive practice. AB - Experimental psychology has contributed many empirical concepts and paradigms to behavioral theory and practice. While not all behavior therapy techniques can be traced from exact experimental paradigms, a general guiding framework is provided by concepts and methodology derived from behavioral research and theories. In this paper, two concepts are discussed in relation to modern behavior therapy: (1) environmental-behavioral relationship and (2) response probability, with emphasis on the work of Tolman, Hull, Skinner and Brunswik. Current studies of "cognitive behavior therapy" are discussed with reference to methodology and techniques. All but one of the studies purporting to compare behavior therapy with cognitive behavior therapy actually mixed regular behavioral techniques with cognitive practices. All of the results can be explained on ordinary behavioral principles. Finally the behavioral basis of attitudes and perceptions is discussed in the light of work by Festinger, Bem, Taylor, Jacobson, Razran and others; and cognitive variables are found to fit very well within a purely behavioral framework. Our concepts and methodology need to be sharpened, rather than clouded, if behavior therapy is to make headway against the traditionalist bulwarks of the psychiatric community. PMID- 7019253 TI - Differential application of cue-controlled relaxation in the reduction of general anxiety. AB - This exploratory study investigated the effectiveness of cue-controlled relaxation in the multiple-outcome reduction of general anxiety. Additionally, it examined the effects of matching the technique's presentation with trainee conceptual level. Results suggested that the technique significantly reduced general anxiety. Multivariate analysis of covariance also indicated that the training was differentially effective relative to trainee conceptual level, but not relative to the type of technique presentation. PMID- 7019255 TI - A method for the quantification of human gastric G cell density in endoscopic biopsy specimens. AB - A previously described method for estimating G cell density in endoscopic biopsy specimens has been modified to take into account observations of the way in which specimens behave when they are deformed and some of the length-measuring characteristics of a grid used to measure the length of tissue profiles. The relationships between particle densities in sections and particle densities in tissue of which the sections are representative are discussed. PMID- 7019256 TI - Length measurement by means of a grid. AB - Experiments were performed which demonstrate some of the length-measuring characteristics of a grid consisting of two sets of parallel lines crossing each other at right angles. If lines of various shapes are repeatedly superimposed at random on such a grid, the mean number of intersections each of these lines makes with the lines of the grid is directly proportional to the length of the line. There is a property of two-dimensional curves, which may be called directional bias, the presence of which in a test curve will increase the variability of the number of intersections made with the grid lines and skew the frequency distribution curve to the right. This effect is markedly reduced by taking the mean of three measurements if the second and third are taken with the grid rotated 30 degrees and 60 degrees respectively from its original position in relation to the test curve. Information gained from these experiments can be applied to stereological problems such as the estimation of particle densities in histological sections. PMID- 7019258 TI - Aetiological agents and laboratory diagnosis of bacteraemic shock. PMID- 7019257 TI - Comparison of five selective media for beta-haemolytic streptococci. AB - Five selective media for beta-haemolytic streptococci were tested and compared with the conventional blood agar plate using 200 throat swabs from children with possible streptococcal pharyngitis. The medium described by Liebermeister and Braveny, which is based on the reduction of nutrients and enhancement of the haemolytic activity of beta-streptococci, was markedly superior to the other selective media containing inhibiting agents. PMID- 7019254 TI - Role of laboratory chemosensitivity testing in the selection of cancer chemotherapy for individual patients. AB - Recently several assays have been developed which allow the growth of colonies from cell suspensions prepared from human tumour biopsy specimens. It has been suggested that such assays will provide a reliable means of measuring the chemosensitivity of human tumours for predicting the response to treatment in patients. We have briefly reviewed the previous, largely unsuccessful, attempts at chemosensitivity testing and the potential place of the new assays. The measurement of the survival of clonogenic tumour cells after cytotoxic treatment probably reflects to some extent the survival of cells which in vivo are capable of proliferating to repopulate and regrow the tumour. This endpoint therefore has advantages over alternatives that do not directly measure reproductive cell death, and the assays also have the advantage of suppressing the growth of many non-malignant cells found in tumours. However, technical problems such as the preparation of cell suspensions and the artificial nature of the drug exposure phase of the assays have not been completely overcome and the plating efficiencies remain low in most systems. Work with model systems such as human tumour xenografts tends to support the usefulness of the assays but also highlights some difficulties. Clinical studies of chemosensitivity testing are in progress and initial results are encouraging but inconclusive. PMID- 7019259 TI - Cytochemistry in the bioassay of hormones. PMID- 7019261 TI - Method for measuring fibrinolytic activity in a single layer of cells. AB - A method has been developed for measuring fibrinolytic activity in a single layer of cells--for example, venous endothelium or peritoneal mesothelium. A single layer of cells was collected on a gelatin disc, incubated on a fibrin plate for 24 h, and the resulting area of lysis measured. This was converted to a measure of fibrinolytic activity expressed in Ploug units of urokinase by reference to areas of lysis created by standard amounts of urokinase placed on similar fibrin plates. The method has been used for measuring fibrinolytic activity in venous endothelium and peritoneal mesothelium and has demonstrated that the activity in a single layer of endothelial cells is only about one-quarter of that in an equivalent area of whole vein wall. It has also shown that peritoneal fibrinolytic activity is reduced after peritoneal trauma. This method maybe useful in the investigation of the fibrinolytic system in a variety of pathological conditions--for example, thrombosis and intraperitoneal adhesions. PMID- 7019260 TI - Malakoplakia of the adrenal gland. AB - The clinical and pathological features of a case of malakoplakia of the adrenal gland occurring in a woman with Escherichia coli infection are described. This lesion mimicked a neoplasm, the true diagnosis only being revealed by histological examination. The light and electron microscopic features are described and it is suggested that malakoplakia is due to an abnormal macrophage response to E coli infection. PMID- 7019262 TI - Forms of vitamin B12 in radioisotope dilution assays. AB - Since the presence of analogues of vitamin B12 (B12, cobalamin, Cbl) has been postulated as the basis for the high values obtained by some radioisotope dilution assays (RIDA) of serum Cbl we examined serum for analogues. None could be demonstrated in the extracts of serum prepared for RIDA as sought by both direct and indirect techniques. The natural forms of serum Cbl were converted to cyanocobalamin (CN Cbl) by this process of extraction which included cyanide (CN). The correctly performed RIDA for Cbl based on R binder gave higher values than a RIDA based on intrinsic factor or than by bioassay. By exclusion, the difference appeared to be due to unidentified factors rather than the presence of analogues. PMID- 7019263 TI - Rapid detection and presumptive identification of Clostridium difficile by p cresol production on a selective medium. AB - A modification of a selective medium for Clostridium difficile is described. The ability of Cl difficile to produce p-cresol from p-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid provides a means for the rapid, sensitive detection and presumptive identification of this species in faecal cultures. PMID- 7019264 TI - Impaired bacteriological responses in babies after maternal iron dextran infusion. AB - The effect of a total dose infusion of iron dextran in pregnancy on 15 mothers and their babies was compared with 19 controls. The bacteriostatic effect and opsonising ability of the sera, of babies born to the treated mothers, were considerably impaired. This was associated with a significantly lower transferrin concentration in these mothers. Although these in vitro tests were not associated with an increase in overt infection during the perinatal period, they suggest the need for caution in the use of total dose infusions in pregnancy. PMID- 7019265 TI - Screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. AB - The prevalence of antibody against Toxoplasma gondi in a population of 715 pregnant women has been evaluated by two methods: indirect haemagglutination antibody (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test and all positive sera were checked by the dye test. Five hundred of the study population were questioned on diet and on animal contact to elucidate a possible relation to the prevalence of antibody. Results are expressed in international units (IU) of antibody against T gondi. Of the 715 sera, 171 were positive by IHA and 173 by IFA. One hundred and sixty-seven sera were positive by both tests, ninety-eight (58%) correlating exactly, as to the concentration of antibody. The ten sera which were not positive by both tests all had detectable antibody at the minimum concentration only (12 IU). The dye test confirmed all sera positive by both tests with the exception of three. It also confirmed one of four sera positive by IHA antibody alone and two of six positive by IFA alone. All sera that proved dye test-negative had low antibody concentrations (12 IU) by IHA or IFA. The IHA test, which is commercially available in kit form, would be suitable for use as a screening test during pregnancy. The estimated annual rate of antibody acquisition over the age range 16-40 years is 1.2% per annum with the highest rate in the 36-40 age group (2.5% per annum) and the lowest in the 26-30 age group (0.4% per annum). The clinical history was not significantly different between those with and those without antibody against T gondi but significantly more women in the 36-40 age group had a history of animal contact than those in the 26-30 age group. No conclusive evidence of recent or current infection was found. PMID- 7019266 TI - Clinical study to compare the effect of stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque formation. AB - A clinical study was conducted on four adults to compare the relative efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and 0.1% stannous fluoride (SnF2). Using a crossover experimental design, subjects rinsed twice daily for 5 days with SnF2 and then, after a 2-day interim recovery period, for 5 days with chlorhexidine. Statistically significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the relative efficacy of the two agents were found. Chlorhexidine was more effective in reducing Gingival and Plaque Indices, plaque wet weight and bacterial Colony Forming Units, calculated both per subject and per group. PMID- 7019267 TI - Concentration of tetracycline in human gingival fluid after single doses. AB - The concentration of tetracycline in gingival fluid was measured following the oral administration of single doses of 250 or 500 mg. Six volunteers received a single dose of either 250 mg or 500 mg of tetracycline and gingival fluid was sampled at 15-min intervals during the first 2 h, 30-min intervals for the following 2 h and at hours 5, 6 and 7. Four volunteers were given a single dose of either 250 mg or 500 mg and were sampled every hour for 24 h. Gingival fluid was sampled using an intracrevicular technique from four gingival sites and blood was obtained by finger puncture. The concentration of tetracycline in gingival fluid peaked at 3 1/2-7 h achieving average levels typically in the range of 5-12 micrograms/ml. Blood levels peaked at 3-4 h and reached values between 1.0 to 2.6 micrograms/ml. Tetracycline was detectable in gingival fluid at least 19 h after a single dose but rarely was detectable at 24 h. The results demonstrated that tetracycline in the gingival fluid was typically 2-10 times blood levels after a single dose. PMID- 7019269 TI - Differences between scorers on selected language measures. AB - Differences in scores assigned by five speech-language pathologists were determined for 96 language samples utilizing assessments of total words, total sentences, words per sentence, syntax quotient (usage and endings), syntax quotient (structures), and an abstract-concrete scale. Results of the study showed statistically significant interscorer differences for words per sentence, syntax quotient (usage and endings), and the abstract-concrete scale. Although the mean differences between scorers for total words, total sentences, and syntax quotient (structures) were not statistically significant, substantial absolute differences between scorers were found on all six measurement procedures. PMID- 7019268 TI - Plaque-inhibiting effect of two flavored chlorhexidine mouth rinses. AB - An experimental study was designed for assessement of whether two recently marketed flavored chlorhexidine mouthrinses, Hibitane Dental (ICI) and Plak-Out (Hawe), have a good plaque-inhibiting effect as the 0.2% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine gluconate. Thirteen dental students used in different sequences each one of the three rinses fro 1 week by rinsing twice daily for 1 min. During the rinsing periods no other oral hygiene measures were allowed. Between two rinsing periods the subjects cleaned their teeth mechanically for 1 week. At the start of each test and control period, the teeth were professionally cleaned with rubber cups and an abrasive paste. At the end of the five 1-week periods the mesial, lingual and facial aspects of the teeth in the right halves of the jaws of each participant were scored for the Plaque Index by the same investigator. After the mechanical cleaning, higher PII scores were recorded than after the chlorhexidine rinses. No difference could be observed among the PII scores after rinsing with the aqueous or the two flavored chlorhexidine solutions. PMID- 7019270 TI - Training speech pathologists through microtherapy. AB - Two microtraining methods were evaluated for training speech pathologists in the acquisition of skills utilized in treating misarticulations. Fifteen subjects in an introductory class in speech pathology were randomly placed in two groups (modeling, video replay, and counseling versus video replay and counseling). The training included reading a manual about the skills and a sequence of three teach sessions. The control group did not view the video model. According to the results, the model group made a greater gain score (M = 8.38) than the nonmodel group (M = 3.88). Significant gains were made for both experimental groups between teach sessions one and two, but no significant gains were made between the second and third teach sessions. PMID- 7019271 TI - Video self-confrontation in speech pathology. AB - Fifteen students in speech pathology observed and reacted to video replay of clinical sessions, representing presituation and postsituation tests with intervening microtherapy sessions, which were also videotaped and replayed. Reactions to video replays were made to questions. Experience through microtherapy and video self-confrontation gives more evidence of reduction of anxiety. Further study of the concerns of clinical trainees through video self confrontation in a microtraining format is recommended. PMID- 7019273 TI - The immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - The immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI) throughout the rat central nervous system (CNS) was investigated. The detection of ELI-containing structures was facilitated through the use of (1) brains from colchicine-treated rats, (2) the proteolytic pretreatment of sections with pronase and (3) the "double-bridge" staining technique. Our findings confirm the presence of ELI in perikarya, neuronal processes and terminals in many areas of the CNS. In addition, the localization of ELI-containing perikarya is reported for the first time in the following areas: the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tubercle, the lateral preoptic nucleus, several nuclei within the amygdaloid nuclear complex, the hippocampus, the neocortex, the cingulate cortex, the posterior mammillary nucleus, the medial nucleus of the optic tract, the brachium of the inferior colliculus, the ventral tegmental nucleus, the locus ceruleus, the sub-ceruleal region, the lateral trapezoid nucleus, the nucleus reticularis lateralis, and lamina VII of the cervical spinal cord. Our results demonstrate ELI in neurons which are heterogeneous in size, some probably functioning as interneurons and others as projection neurons in different areas of the CNS. The location of these neurons within the brain suggests that these pentapeptides serve diverse functions which include, in addition to nociception, the regulation of neuroendocrine, respiratory, auditory, vestibular, and olfactory functions. PMID- 7019272 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the retina of the developing albino rat: an immunoperoxidase study of paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - The peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method was used on paraffin-embedded material to demonstrate the distribution of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, an astrocyte-specific protein, in the developing retina of the albino rat. At birth activity was scant and was confined to scattered, poorly differentiated cells in the inner retinal layers near the optic disc. At 3 days primitive astrocytes which displayed GFA protein activity were confined to the stratum opticum near the optic disc. With increasing age these cells were found at greater distances from the optic disc and began to assume the appearance of typical fibrous astrocytes. By 30 days the perikarya of these cells were confined almost exclusively to the region between the nerve fiber layer and the inner limiting membrane. The processes of these cells terminated either in suckerlike end-feet upon blood vessels or, to a lesser extent, ended in relation to axon fascicles of the nerve fiber layer. A second population of GFA protein-active cells existed as perivascular glia which were found upon vessels in the inner portion of the stratum opticum in young animals. In the mature retina perivascular glia were found on vessels throughout the stratum opticum and in the inner portion of the inner plexiform layer. Unequivocal staining of Muller cells or their processes was not obtained. The best staining was obtained with fixatives containing minimal concentrations of aldehydes, especially in tissue from younger animals. The fixative which gave the best preservation of cellular structure along with preservation of GFA protein antigenicity was Perfix (Fischer Scientific Company). PMID- 7019274 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalin in the central nervous system and pituitary of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. AB - The topographical distribution of enkephalin in the central nervous system of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, has been studied by the immunoperoxidase technique with antiserum to leucine-enkephalin. Immunoreactive enkephalin perikarya, fibers and probably terminals are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, which agrees well with the distribution of enkephalins in the mammalian brain. Enkephalin-containing perikarya are found in the subpallium (septum, nucleus accumbens, striatum, amydgala), preoptic and hypothalamic region, ventromedial nucleus and ventromedial area of thalamus, pretectal geniculate nucleus and posterodorsal nucleus of pretectum, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, locus ceruleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, medial parvocellular nucleus, and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Enkephalinergic fibers and terminals are found in the above-mentioned areas as well as in the pallium (medial and dorsal cortex, dorsal ventricular ridge), dorsomedial and anterior dorsolateral nucleus of the thalamus, habenula, nucleus of the stria medullaris, torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, central gray, reticular formation, raphe nucleus, substantia nigra, isthmus region, and nucleus of the trapezoid body. Enkephalinergic pathways appear to exist between the septum and the medial cortex, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, striatum and certain mesencephalic structures, hypothalamus and tegmentum, and between nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and torus semicircularis. In the pituitary, cells of the pars intermedia, and certain cells of the rostral pars distalis also show immunoreactivity to enkephalin antiserum. The distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity throughout the hypothalamus and in the median eminence suggests involvement in neuroendocrine regulation. Presence of enkephalin in many extrahypothalamic brain areas indicates its important role in various sensory functions and in behavioral and autonomic integration. PMID- 7019275 TI - Relation of consummatory responses and preabsorptive insulin release to palatability and learned taste aversions. AB - The oral stimulation arising from food in the mouth produces a stereotyped sequence of ingestive consummatory responses in rats and a rapid release of insulin prior to the absorption of nutrients into the blood. Conversely, when noxious taste stimuli are infused into the mouth, a different, aversive set of consummatory responses is evoked, and no insulin is released. These experiments demonstrate that pairing a sapid taste solution with LiCl suffices to reverse the consummatory response sequence to subsequent presentations of that taste from ingestion to aversion and to abolish the preabsorptive release of insulin to that taste. This indicates an experience-produced shift in the palatability of the taste. It was further shown that a palatable but categorically noncaloric taste elicits behavioral ingestion but no insulin release, and it is concluded that separate but related control systems operate to produce consummatory behavior and ingestive neuroendocrine responses. PMID- 7019276 TI - Relations between tongue volume and capacity of the oral cavity proper. PMID- 7019277 TI - Location of Streptococcus mutans in the dentinal tubules of open infected root canals. AB - Seventy-six teeth from open canals were extracted to prepare serial longitudinal sections. The sections were made from apical portions of the teeth and stained. Ninety similar teeth were extracted to prepare dentinal splinters with files from the enlarged infected canal. The splinters were spread on a selected medium to grow S. mutans. S. mutans was detected in 48.7% of the 76 teeth examined. The distance of invasion of S. mutans in the dentinal tubules revealed by immunofluorescence averaged 509 micrometer from the canal wall and reached 1150 micrometer, depending on the serogroups of S. mutans. Unidentified germs in the sections which were demonstrated by Gram's stain invaded further than S. mutans. The frequency of appearance of the serogroups of S. mutans was 32.6% (d), 27.9% (c), 24.4% (a), and 15.5% (b). PMID- 7019278 TI - Creep rate of porcelain-bonding alloys as a function of temperature. AB - The method of beam bending has been demonstrated for measurement of creep rate as a function of temperature. Representative high gold-, gold-palladium-, and palladium-silver-based alloys have different activation energies for high temperature creep, and thus their relative "sag" behavior is expected to depend on the temperature at which the comparison is made. Near the solidus temperature, creep rates for the alloys investigated differ by an order of magnitude and become increasingly different at lower temperatures. Depending upon the presently unknown mechanisms involved in "sag" and in "margin opening" during porcelain firing, control of activation energy has varying potential for modifying creep induced discrepancies of PFM restorations. PMID- 7019279 TI - On grafts to the nose. PMID- 7019280 TI - Placement of "guiding sutures" to counteract undesirable retraction of tissues in and around functionally and cosmetically important structures. PMID- 7019281 TI - Fine tuning of the skin edges in the closure of surgical wounds. Controlling inversion and eversion with the path of the needle--the right stitch at the right time. AB - A primary objective in closure of surgical wounds is accurate apposition of epithelial edges in a manner that will return the tissues to as near normal a condition as possible. This article describes types of suture techniques that enable the surgeon to control the tendency of wound edges to either invert or evert. Accurate approximations and esthetically pleasing results are reached by using the appropriate pass of the needle and path of the suture to control tendencies to inversion and eversion. PMID- 7019283 TI - References to contemporary papers on acoustics. PMID- 7019282 TI - Augmentation of muscular wasting in the hand from leprosy. AB - One of the stigmata of leprosy in the hand is muscular wasting between the metacarpals of the thumb and index finger. Such a deformity, which may rarely arise for other neuropathic reasons, may pass unnoticed in places where leprosy is not endemic, but is obvious to all in places where leprosy is still common, and undesirably stamps afflicted persons as lepers even if the disease is arrested. A surgical technique is described in which a buried dermal graft is used for augmentation of the depression of that muscular wasting between thumb and index finger. PMID- 7019284 TI - McCollum and directions in the evaluation of protein quality. PMID- 7019285 TI - Mutagenicity of products obtained from a maltol-ammonia browning model system. PMID- 7019286 TI - The nickel-chromium crown for restoring posterior primary teeth. AB - The differences between the recently marketed nickel-chromium crown and other crowns available for primary posterior teeth are compared. Indications for use of preformed crowns are reviewed and techniques of tooth preparation, crown adaptation, and cementation are described. PMID- 7019287 TI - Iontophoretic application of fluoride by tray techniques for desensitization of multiple teeth. AB - Two cases are reported in which fluoride iontophoresis of multiple, hypersensitive teeth resulted in immediate, lasting desensitization. Alginate and rubber-base impressions were used in trays. PMID- 7019288 TI - A matrix band technique for large amalgam cores. AB - The inability to adapt matrix bands successfully to badly broken down teeth has been a source of frustration to clinicians. Unfortunately, this has often led to therapy involving extractions of strategic posterior teeth because the dentist thinks that the time and effort entailed in restoring the tooth is not practical, or that an attempt to band a difficult tooth would prove futile. The banding technique described here was effective after proper enclosure, length, and gingival adaptation were accomplished, and the occlusal surface of the crown was removed; the technique can make a difficult procedure easier to accomplish. PMID- 7019289 TI - Porcelain-metal alloy compatibility: criteria and test methods. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 7019290 TI - The dental cartoons of Honore Daumier (1808-1879). PMID- 7019291 TI - Effect of cavity design on retention of Class IV composite resin restorations. PMID- 7019292 TI - Hypoxic encephalopathy after the administration of alphaprodine hydrochloride. PMID- 7019294 TI - Infant and child nutrition: concerns regarding the developmentally disabled. A statement by the American Dietetic Association. PMID- 7019295 TI - A radioenzymatic method for determination of normetanephrine in blood plasma. AB - A radioenzymatic assay for determination of normetanephrine in blood plasma is described. It was based on N-methylation of normetanephrine by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase using S-adenosyl[methyl-3]methionine as the methyl donor. 2981 +/- 85 cpm (mean +/- s mean, n = 32) were obtained from 1 ng normetanephrine. Blank values corresponded to 27 +/- 3 pg (n = 7). Normetanephrine levels measured in the blood plasma of 12 persons ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 ng/ml. PMID- 7019293 TI - Rinkel injection therapy: a multicenter controlled study. AB - The American Academy of Allergy sponsored a 2-yr "double blind" multicenter study of the effect of Rinkel injection therapy (RIT) compared with a histamine placebo in subjects with atopic rhinitis. Accumulated data included the symptom, medication, and physical examination scores and specific IgE antibody levels measured by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). A total of 155 subjects (81 treated, 74 placebo) entered the project from six centers during their respective ragweed, grass, and mountain cedar pollen (from one center) seasons for a total of 11 pollen seasons. The total mean cumulative dose of extract was 18.6 PNU, which is much lower than recommended for standard immunotherapy. With one exception, none of the centers reported a consistent significant difference between the pollen extract-treated and placebo-treated groups in any of the weekly mean scores or the RAST before, during, and after the pollen seasons. For 4 wk after the height of the mountain cedar season the group treated with pollen extract showed a significant decrease in weekly mean symptom and medication scores as compared with the placebo group. The overall comparison of the mean seasonal scores for the entire study, however, showed no significant difference between the treated and placebo groups. We conclude the RIT is no more effective than a histamine placebo in influencing the weekly mean symptom, medication, and physical examination scores or IgE antibody levels. PMID- 7019296 TI - A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for dihydroxymandelic acid, dihydroxypenylglycol and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid . AB - A sensitive radioenzymatic procedure for the simultaneous determination of dihydroxymandelic acid, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has been developed. The catechols were methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferase using S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine as methyl donor. The assay involved extraction into organic solvent, thin-layer chromatography and periodate oxidation. The applicability of the procedure was tested by measuring the amounts of deaminated metabolites of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine in heart perfusion samples and plasma of rabbits. PMID- 7019297 TI - NMR determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes: a one-step method. AB - A simple one-step method is described for the determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked oxidoreductases. Alcohol and lipoamide dehydrogenases whose stereospecificities are known are employed to prepare stereospecifically deuterated reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide which is immediately reoxidized in situ in a NMR tube by the enzyme under investigation. Alternatively, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide produced by the test enzyme is reoxidized in situ by enzymes of known stereospecificity, such as glutamate and lactate dehydrogenases. The reoxidized coenzyme of the coupled reactions is analyzed for its deuterium content by NMR. The presence and absence of the absorption band due to the hydrogen or deuterium, respectively, at the 4-position of the nicotinamide ring is used to diagnose the stereospecificity of the test enzyme. Application of this direct in situ coupling method to dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli pyruvate and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes indicates that the enzymes are B-side stereospecific for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 7019298 TI - [Observations on the fine structure of the dental pulp by decalcify-cutting method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019299 TI - Retention of crowns as affected by film thickness of zinc phosphate cement. PMID- 7019300 TI - [Combination treatment of localised breast cancers with a high risk of metastatic disease. The results of a prospective controlled study (author's transl)]. AB - 74 patients who had adenocarcinoma of the breast that was inoperable at the beginning because of local extension but without inflammation and without diagnosable metastases (T3b, T4, N1, 2 or 3, Mo) were submitted to a therapeutic regime which consisted consecutively of: 1) preliminary chemotherapy, 2) radiotherapy and/or extended radical surgery when there was any residual tumour, and 3) follow-up adjuvant chemotherapy. Two types of combinations of cytostatic drugs were used: adriamycin, vincristin and methotrexate (AVM) for 5-day cycles every 3 weeks, and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluoro-uracil (CMF) in 14 day cycles every 4 weeks. Three to 5 cycles of AVM were used initially, then at first either AVM to a total of 550 mg/m2 adriamycin, or a series of CMF carried on for a year. Complete remission was obtained in 70% of the patients (52 out of 74) at the end of the local-regional treatment. The mean time of remission was 33 months and the mean time of overall survival was 43 months. The best results were obtained in younger women (under 65 years of age) with tumours that were less developed (T3b), and who could take all the adjuvant chemotherapy after they had complete remission. There was no relapse in 37 of the 48 patients in this group (77% of the cases). Overall the treatment was tolerated fairly well and there was no major complication at the time of radiotherapy or surgery. These results are comparable to those from other studies of a similar nature and show a real progress as compared with those that used to be obtained when only local and regional treatments were undertaken. A more thorough follow-up is however necessary since we can hope for improvements to increase the efficacy and tolerance of the treatments, but this form of treatment can here and now be considered as an important factor for improving the survival rate of these very high risk patients. PMID- 7019301 TI - Radiation-induced carcinoma of the hand. PMID- 7019302 TI - Lingualized denture occlusion. PMID- 7019303 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of noradrenergic synapses in the rat central nervous system by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunocytochemistry. AB - Noradrenergic (NA) cell bodies and axonal processes were identified in the electron microscope by the immunocytochemical localization of the norepinephrine synthesizing enzyme, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). DBH immunoreactivity, visualized by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, was observed in the somata and proximal processes of locus coeruleus neurons and in the distal axons of several NA terminal fields. DBH immunoreactivity is distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the NA neuron, but demonstrates a selective association with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial outer membranes, large granular vesicles, and small, round synaptic vesicles. DBH-positive axonal profiles, typically interspersed between unlabeled dendrites, form two distinct populations: a) thin, unmyelinated intervaricose segments (ca. 0.28 micron) and b) spherical varicosities (ca. 1.00 micron). No DBH-positive varicosities were observed in contact with intracerebral capillaries. In order to determine whether or not NA axons typically form synaptic contacts, a quantitative analysis of selected areas of the diencephalon, cerebellum, and limbic cortex was carried out. More than half (58%) of all DBH-positive varicosities form axodendritic synapses characterized by specialized junctional appositions. The results suggest that NA neurons typically exert their influence on other neurons through highly restricted synaptic contacts. PMID- 7019304 TI - Immunocytochemical localization and identification of the major surfactant protein in adult rat lung. AB - We investigated the cellular and subcellular sites of metabolism of the 72,000 dalton protein of pulmonary surfactant in order to provide insights into mechanisms of synthesis, intracellular assembly, and intraalveolar metabolism of this phospholipid-rich secretory product. Surfactant (approximately 90% lipid, 10% protein by weight) was purified by density gradient centrifugation of material obtained by lavaging rat lungs. The purified material was used to generate an antiserum from which a specific antibody was obtained by affinity chromatography. A horseradish peroxidase-labeled Fab was used to localize the antigen in rat lung. The antibody labeled the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of type II cells only. Some multivesicular bodies in type II cells were also labeled, but whether the antigen was present in lamellar bodies was uncertain. Phagosomes of alveolar macrophages were labeled as were similar inclusions in type I cells. Using indirect immunocytochemistry we determined that the labeling of alveolar cell surfaces does not represent the presence of a continuous layer of secreted surfactant. These results suggest that only the type II cell synthesizes surfactant protein and than mainly alveolar macrophages participate in its catabolism. The initial intracellular site of the association of protein with lipid may be multivesicular bodies as suggested previously by others. PMID- 7019305 TI - New fluorochromes for thiols: maleimide and iodoacetamide derivatives of a 3 phenylcoumarin fluorophore. AB - N-(4-(7 - Diethylamino - methylcoumarin - 3 yl)phenyl)maleimide (CPM) and the corresponding iodoacetamide are described. When applied to sections at pH 6 and 9, respectively, the two fluorogens are very similar in their reactivity and selectivity toward thiols with which they form adducts having much the same bright blue fluorescence. However, difference in other properties favor CPM for further study. PMID- 7019306 TI - Quick-freeze fixation and freeze-drying of isolated rat pancreatic islets: application to the ultrastructural localization of inorganic phosphate in the pancreatic beta cell. AB - A bounce-free mechanical quick-freeze assembly and a Coulter-Terracio freeze-dry apparatus were successfully coupled to obtain high quality ultrastructural preservation of pancreatic beta cells in a simple and dependable manner. Except for obvious shrinkage spaces, morphological relationships at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels were all intact. Beta cell secretory granules demonstrated a dense core surrounded by an electron lucent halo as typically described in specimens after aqueous fixation. Cell membranes and intracellular membranes demonstrated a trilaminar appearance. Golgi apparatus were well preserved. Two clearly defined populations of mitochondria were found. One group of very dark mitochondria had extremely dense matrices in which cristae were barely visible. A second group of mitochondria had light matrices with prominent cristae. The combined quick-freeze fixation and freeze-drying was applied to reevaluate the ultrastructural localization of inorganic phosphate that had been precipitated with lead in the beta cells of pancreatic islets. Accumulation of inorganic phosphate adjacent to the plasma membrane and over the nucleolus of the beta cell in nonstimulated islets was documented with better detail than heretofore possible. PMID- 7019307 TI - Immunologic studies of bovine aortic and cartilage proteoglycans. AB - Rabbit antisera prepared against bovine cartilage and aortic proteoglycan monomer (PGM) were employed to identify and localize the distribution and cross-species reactivities of these PGMs. A specific reaction to both cartilage and aortic PGM was obtained as revealed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis of the immunogens against the respective antisera, with no reaction against bovine serum albumin or human fibronectin. These antisera appear to demonstrate tissue specificity. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with antiserum to aortic PGM on bovine aorta tissue revealed intense localization of fluorescence in the intima and superficial media with staining alone collagen fibers, around smooth muscle cells, and on the surface of elastin. When antiserum to cartilage PGM was applied to bovine aorta, staining was much weaker and localized more in the interfibrillar matrix. On the other hand, when antiserum to aortic PGM was used to stain bovine nasal septum cartilage, fluorescent staining was restricted to the pericellular matrix, in contrast to the diffuse, intense staining of both pericellular and extraterritorial staining by antiserum to cartilage PGM. Absorption with eigher bovine aorta or cartilage PGM abolished antibody activity against the absorbing molecules only. The immunologic distinction between the pericellular and extraterritorial cartilage matrix was demonstrated further when both antisera were studied with guanidine chloride (GuHCl)-extracted bovine nasal septum cartilage, when they both demonstrated the same pericellular matrix staining. Despite the tissue specificity, these antisera are not completely species specific, since staining in a similar pattern was observed in both human and rat tissues. PMID- 7019309 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of a glycoprotein on plasma membrane of secretory epithelium from human breast. AB - A glycoprotein component of human milk-fat globule membrane, which is said to derive form apical plasma membrane of mammary secretory epithelium, has been purified. The purified glycoprotein yields a single band under reduced condition and has an estimated molecular weight of 70,000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The glycoprotein was termed "secretory epithelial membrane antigen" (SEMA-70) to indicate its origin and molecular size. Specific antisera to SEMA-70 were raised. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of staining, the presence of SEMA-70 was demonstrated on the apical plasma membrane of the mammary epithelial cells lining the ducts of both normal and lactating breast. No significant staining of cytoplasm was observed. these observations add further evidence as to the origin of milk-fat globule membrane. Although the antigen continues to be expressed on breast adenocarcinoma cells, its cellular distribution appears to be different. The potential usefulness of specific antisera to SEMA-70 is suggested to identify rearrangements in cellular architecture due to pathological changes. PMID- 7019310 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of the rat pineal gland using antisera generated against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). AB - Seven different antisera generated against synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were used to stain pineal gland and median eminence of the hypothalamus of normal rats. The LHRH immunogen complexes used to generate these antisera produced either N- or C-terminal directed antibodies or antisera that recognized both portions of the hormone molecule. Of these, four revealed LHRH-like immunoreactive material in the median eminence and pineal gland, two stained median eminence and not pineal, and one was positive in pineal only. These observations suggest that immunoreactive material in pineal gland may be an LHRH-like substance whose affinity characteristics are different from that of hypothalamic LHRH. PMID- 7019311 TI - Fluorescence demonstration of dipeptidyl peptidase II in skeletal, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscles. AB - Dipeptidyl peptidase II (Dpp II) was demonstrated histochemically in soleus, extensor digitorum longus, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle tissues using Lys Ala-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide or Lys-Pro-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide as the substrate. The enzyme was found to be localized in discrete granules in all muscle types, but varied in its apparent activity. Dpp II activity was greatest in cardiac and least in extensor digitorum longus muscles with activity in soleus and vascular smooth muscles in between these extremes. Since Dpp II is localized only in lysosomes, the relative amounts and locales of lysosomes can be easily observed in normal muscle cells by the techniques described in this study. PMID- 7019308 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of B cells in the guinea pig pancreas using guinea pig antiserum to porcine insulin. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if antisera to an heterologous insulin could replace specific anti-guinea pig insulin serum for immunoperoxidase localization of guinea pig B cells. We found that antisera to porcine insulin was effective for this purpose even though it was produced by guinea pigs. The immunostaining results obtained with anti-porcine insulin sera and anti-guinea pig insulin serum were identical, by both light and electron microscopic immunoperoxidase staining. Control experiments supported the conclusion that the guinea pig antisera to porcine insulin contained antibodies that reacted with guinea pig insulin. PMID- 7019312 TI - Chromogens for immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7019313 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of peptides in osmicated and plastic-embedded tissue. An electron microscopic study. AB - In an attempt to improve the ultrastructural preservation of tissue immunostained with the postembedding staining technique, we verified the effect of postfixation with OsO4 on the antigenicity of several pituitary hormones and neuropeptides. For this purpose, the rat pituitary and central nervous system (CNS) were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in two different ways: a) postfixation by immersion of small fragments in a mixture of 1% OsO4 and 1% potassium ferrocyanide, and b) postfixation with perfusion of 500 ml of 0.5% OsO4. The results obtained were similar with the two types of postfixation. In the pituitary gland, all the hormones could be very easily detected, although the staining was less intense for the glycoprotidic hormones. In the CNS the following neuropeptides: somatostatin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), Leu-enkephalin and substance P could be immunostained. These results indicate that a variety of polypeptidic antigens, including small neuropeptides, can survive postfixation with OsO4. In both the pituitary and CNS, the ultrastructural preservation was very good with a high contrast of membranes, thus permitting a clear identification of positive organelles. Moreover, it appears that, since the synaptic junctions are well-preserved after postfixation with OsO4, postembedding staining can now be utilized to identify and classify the different categories of endings containing neuropeptides. PMID- 7019314 TI - Simple adaptations to extend the range of flow cytometry five orders of magnitude for the DNA analysis of uni-and multicellular systems. AB - Procedures and instrumentation are described to extend the capability of a cytometry system to record samples that exhibit a wide range of fluorescence such as multicellular systems. The method employs a log amplifier in combination with a set of neutral density filters that reduces the incident light reaching the photomultiplier tube. With any given filter, signals within an intensity range of 200-fold can be measured; different filters can be used to obtain an extended overall range. Polystyrene fluorescent microspheres and a variety of mithramycin stained biological samples ranging from yeast cells to Paramecium were processed by the system. The relative DNA content of individual multicellular embryos was determined for a heterogeneous population of embryonic stages isolated from the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. As part of the evaluation of the procedure, the practical upper limit of range extension was determined. The most intense fluorescent signal was produced when untreated pecan pollen stained with ethidium bromide fluoresced with a factor (8.4 +/- 1.3) X 10(4) more than ethidium bromide stained E. coli cells. PMID- 7019315 TI - The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease was compared with that of healthy subjects. In patients with terminal ileitis, numbers of anaerobic gram negative and coccoid rods (species of Eubacterium and peptostreptococcus) were higher than in the controls whereas anaerobic gram-positive rods and cocci and aerobes occurred in normal numbers. The composition of the flora was neither influenced by duration of the disease nor by ileocaecal resection. In healthy subjects and patients, a chemically defined diet induced only slight changes in the flora. Thus, the flora in terminal ileitis although stable was permanently abnormal. In the patients with Crohn's colitis, abnormally low numbers of anaerobes were found in patients with severe, bloody diarrhoea while aerobic counts were normal. The flora in patients with mild colitis was similar to that in terminal ileitis. It is suggested that the abnormal flora composition might be an expression of the genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease. PMID- 7019316 TI - Comparative effect of the three rodenticides warfarin, difenacoum and brodifacoum on eight rodent species in short feeding periods. AB - Short laboratory feeding tests were carried out with the anticoagulants warfarin, difenacoum, and brodifacoum on a number of European rodent species: Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus, Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus. It was found that the toxicity to all species was highest with brodifacoum and lowest with warfarin, and that only 0.005% brodifacoum would give a complete mortality in most species after one day's feeding. The potential of this compound for the control of microtine field rodents is suggested. PMID- 7019317 TI - Streptococcus pyogenes in the throat: a study in a small population, 1962-1975. AB - A general practice population of around 6700 was kept under clinical and laboratory surveillance from 1962 to 1975. Illnesses totalled 18703 in three morbidity classes: sore throat (Throats) 4451, acute febrile respiratory diseases (FRD) 4934, acute non-febrile respiratory diseases (Non-FRD) 9318. Specimens were examined for beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) from 37.1% of these illnesses: from Throats 33.3%, from FRD 67.8%, from Non-FRD 22.6%, and 515 specimens were collected from a miscellaneous ("Other') class consisting of healthy persons and ailments that could not have had a streptococcal component. Strains of BHS were isolated from 7448 specimens as follows: group A (Streptococcus pyogenes) 353, group C 36, group G 15, other groups 274. Group A strains were isolated from specimens at the following rates: Throats 16.7%, FRD 2.4%, Non-FRD 0.9%. Other 1.4%. The last two classes reflect the carrier rate in the general community, which must be deducted to obtain the streptococcal morbidity in the other classes. Carriers thus accounted for 6% of the strains isolated from the Throats class and for 42% of those from FRD illnesses. No consistent seasonal trend of prevalence was detected. Long-term fluctuations in prevalence over several years affected all groups and most group A serotypes. Serotyping was performed on 304 strains from 1963 to 1975. The commonest types found were T-types 4 and 12 and M type 12. Immunity against re-infection by identical strains appeared to be fairly strong and also against heterotypic strains that shared a T-antigen, but little protection was conferred against re-infection by group A strains with no shared M or T- antigen. R-28 antigen is considered here as a marker epidemiologically equivalent to an M-antigen. Epidemicity, as measured by a simple estimate of aggregation, appeared to be low and there were differences between and within serotypes. The infecting organism appeared to linger in the pharynx, sometimes for several months, after a streptococcal illness. PMID- 7019318 TI - Serum agglutinins to Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus species in Crohn's and other diseases. AB - Sera from patients suffering from Crohn's and other diseases and from healthy subjects were tested for agglutinins to anaerobic, gram-positive coccoid rods belonging to species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus. Four strains labelled Eubacterium contortum (two strains), Eubacterium rectale and Peptostreptococcus productus were agglutinated by a higher percentage of sera from patients with Crohn's disease than from healthy subjects and from patients with liver and intestinal diseases (including ulcerative colitis), ankylosing spondylitis, granulomatous diseases, diseases of immunity and malignancies. The agglutinins were of the IgG and IgM classes and strain-specific; the titres were low. The results obtained with sera from patients with Crohn's disease and healthy people were subjected to discriminant analysis to estimate the probability, based on the combined results with the four strains, that a patient suffers from Crohn's disease. When sera giving an a posteriori probability greater than or equal to 0.95 (a priori probability = 0.5) were considered positive, the test with four strains had a sensitivity of 54% and a specificity of nearly 100%. The results with sera submitted for diagnosis showed that positive reactions in patients with a diagnosis apparently incompatible with Crohn's disease were within acceptable limits. PMID- 7019319 TI - Are many women immunized against rubella unnecessarily? AB - Radial haemolysis (RH) was used to test sera for immunity to rubella from 1317 patients attending a general practice. One hundred and forty-one (10.7%) were treated as susceptible and offered an attenuated virus vaccine (RA 27/3). Pre immunization sera from 43% of these patients were reactive at low levels in RH (less than 15 international units rubella antibody per ml). Pre- (S1) and post- (S2) immunization sera from 66 vaccinees were studied in detail. Antibody was detected by RH, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the specific IgM response was measured by a solid-phase M antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA). The vaccine-induced IgM response was only detected if the S1 serum was non-reactive by all tests for rubella antibody. It was weaker than that seen following wild virus infection. It could be detected reliably for six weeks, and in most cases for nine weeks, after immunization. In contrast, patients with S1 specimens reactive by RH, HI or ELISA never showed an IgM response in the S2 specimen despite "significant' antibody rises often being present. It was considered that an IgM response to RA 27/3 was the best indicator of pre-immunization susceptibility to rubella. The failure of many vaccinees to make an IgM response implied that a significant proportion were already immune. It is suggested that the threshold for a report of immunity to rubella could be lowered from 15 i.u. antibody per ml and so fewer women immunized without vaccine being withheld from those who need it. PMID- 7019320 TI - Recombinants of influenza virus type B as potential live vaccine candidates: RNA characterization and evaluation in man. AB - Two recombinants (R22 and R75) of the attenuated B/USSR/69 strain Bright and the virulent B/Hong Kong/5/72 and one recombinant (R5) of Bright and the virulent B/Hong Kong /8/73 were selected for genotypic and phenotypic caracterization. All three recombinants had the growth property of the attenuated parent Brigit. Analysis of their RNA's by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that, the strains R22 and R75 had derived all their genes from Brigit, those coding for haemagglutinin excepted. These recombinants were clinically evaluated and found to be attenuated and immunogenic. The recombinant R5 which derived, besides the bene coding for the haemagglutinin, several other genes from B/Hong Kong/8/73 was only partly attenuated since it induced influenza-like symptoms in one out of three volunteers. It is concluded that the strain Brigit can be used as a donor of genes for the attenuation of the B/Hong Kong/5/72 virus and that recombinants of influenza type B can be identified, like influenza type A recombinants, by their RNA pattern. PMID- 7019321 TI - Factors influencing the establishment and spread of R-plasmids in an experimental model of urinary tract infection. AB - An experimental model simulating infection of the urinary tract was used to investigate factors influencing the transfer of plasmid-mediated drug resistance in the human bladder in the absence of antibiotic therapy. When a small number of cells carrying plasmid-mediated drug resistance was added to an established population of sensitive cells, it was found that varying the physical conditions of the bladder model had no significant effect on the spread of the plasmid and, under all conditions used, exponential spread of the plasmid through the originally sensitive population occurred. When the initial donor cells were killed shortly after addition to the model, exponential transfer of resistance amongst the established sensitive population still occurred. Thus, even in the absence of antibiotic therapy, only a small number of initial transfer events was required for a fully resistant population to be developed. This was true of both actively multiplying and early stationary phase cultures. An initially greater proportion of resistant cells, or the use of an antimicrobial agent to which some of the cells are resistant, would ensure that this process occurred more rapidly. PMID- 7019322 TI - Specific rosette-forming capacity of autoantibody-producing cells. AB - It has been shown in experiments on 240 mice (lines CBA, C57Bl, their first generation F1 hybrids and animals of mixed breed) that spleen cells of mice immunized by subcutaneous administration of 0.2 ml of pigeon blood are capable of producing the formation of plaques of hemolysis with autologous erythrocytes and rosettes with pigeon erythrocytes. This indicates the immediate participation of cells producing autohemolysins in the specific immune response. PMID- 7019323 TI - Proteolysis of the monomeric and dimeric C5b-9 complexes of complement: alteration in the susceptibility to proteases of the C9 subunits associated with C5b-9 dimerization. AB - The C5b-9 monomer having the sedimentation coefficient of 23S was extracted from the rabbit erythrocyte membranes that had been treated with a limiting amount of C9-deficient human serum and of 125I-C9. Upon proteolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin, the C9 subunits of this complex were cleaved by these enzymes at multiple sites, yielding fragments with m.w. ranging fro 40,000 to 19,000. The uncomplexed C9 was also cleaved by both enzymes at multiple sites. By contrast, the C9 subunits of the C5b-9 dimer were found to be totally insusceptible to chymotrypsin under the conditions studied (37 degrees C; 24 hr) and only partially susceptible to trypsin (33% of the C9 subunits were cleaved by trypsin into 2 fragments during incubation at 37 degrees C for up to 24 hr). Therefore, these results indicate that, although the binding of C9 molecules to the C5b-8 complex (C5b-9 monomer formation) does not significantly affect the susceptibility to proteases of the C9 molecules, C5b-9 dimer formation markedly limits the accessibility of proteases to the C9 subunit molecules. A implication of this finding to a role for C9 in C5b-9 dimerization is discussed. PMID- 7019324 TI - Antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive. AB - CBA/N mice have an X-linked immunodeficiency that includes a deficient humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In order to study the cellular mechanisms of this deficiency we have examined helper T cell function to SRBC in an adoptive transfer system by using 2 different sources of helper T cells. When thymocytes were used as the source of helper T cell precursors in an adoptive transfer system, CBA/N thymocytes were as effective as CBA/Ca thymocytes in inducing CBA/Ca bone marrow cells to develop into both direct and indirect anti SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC). However, when SRBC-primed, irradiated recipient mice were used as the source of helper T cells, primed and irradiated CBA/N recipients developed significantly fewer direct and indirect anti-SRBC PFC than similarly treated CBA/Ca recipients when reconstituted with CBA/Ca bone marrow cells and challenged with SRBC. This difference in radioresistant helper T cell function was also observed when primed, irradiated (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 defective male and nondefective female mice were used as recipients of F1 female bone marrow cells and SRBC, confirming that this defect is a part of the X-linked CBA/N immunodeficiency. This deficiency in radioresistant helper T cell function in CBA/N mice does not appear to be due either to suppressor T cell function, or to a negative effect of the CBA/N environment on either B cell maturation, T cell B cell cooperation, or helper T cell function. We conclude that antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive. Possible reasons for this are evaluated and discussed. PMID- 7019325 TI - Partial characterization of a lymphoid cell line (Reh) product with leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) activity. PMID- 7019326 TI - Stimulation of oxidative metabolism in murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes by unopsonized fungal cells: evidence for a mannose-specific mechanism. AB - Murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are stimulated to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by some unopsonized fungi, including Coccidioides immitis spherules, Candida albicans blastospores, and Saccharomyces sp. blastospores (zymosan). In this communication we have examined the basis for this stimulation by studying the effects of mannan and its primary constituent, D-mannose, on PMN function in vitro, since this polysaccharide is a significant component in many fungal cell walls. Our results show that mannan stimulated H2O2 production and iodination by PMN and enhanced H2O2 production by cells stimulated with zymosan. Moreover, the amount of H2O2 released by PMN was directly related to the concentration of mannan, and mannan obtained commercially or prepared in our laboratory worked equally well. Mannose, on the other hand, inhibited H2O2 release from PMN stimulated with zymosan or mannan and reduced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, superoxide release, and iodination by these cells as well. With respect to specificity of inhibition, 18 different monosaccharides were examined by using 2 different assays for H2O2 release; and only 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a potent glycolytic inhibitor, reduced H2O2 release from zymosan-stimulated PMN. Furthermore, H2O2 release from cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized Sephadex was not inhibited by mannose whereas H2O2 release was reduced when PMN were stimulated with C. albicans blastospores or C. immitis spherules in the presence of this sugar. From these data we propose that initiation of PMN oxidative metabolic burst in response to some unopsonized fungi occurs through a mannose-specific mechanism. PMID- 7019327 TI - In vitro growth of murine T cells. VI. Accelerated skin graft rejection caused by adoptively transferred cells expanded in T cell growth factor. AB - The ability of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T cells expanded in T cell growth factor (TCGF) to induce accelerated graft rejection of B10.BR skin grafts from normal B6AF1 recipient mice was tested. In vitro sensitized cells expanded in regular TCGF were capable of accelerating graft rejection when adoptively transferred i.v. 1 day after grafting. Cells expanded in LF-TCGF (lectin-free) were more effective in accelerating graft rejection than cells expanded in lectin containing TCGF. Nonsensitized cells or cells sensitized to irrelevant B10.D2 antigenic determinants in vitro and subsequently expanded in LF-TCGF were unable to induce accelerated rejection of the B10.BR grafts. Expanded cytotoxic effector cells known to be immunologically active in vivo were also unable to accelerate graft rejection if irradiated with 2000 R before adoptive transfer. The ability of cells to lyse the appropriate targets in 4-hr 51Cr release assays correlated poorly with the effectiveness of these cells after in vivo injection. These studies are the first to demonstrate that cytotoxic cells expanded in TCGF are capable of mediating a cytotoxic function in vivo. PMID- 7019328 TI - Effects of IgG and IgM alloantibodies in the enhancement of mouse skin allografts and the relation with their opsonizing capacity in vivo. PMID- 7019329 TI - Endogenous retroviral envelope antigen in plasma cells. AB - Previous observations that endogenous retroviral envelope antigen is expressed in splenic Ig(+) B cells of SRBC-sensitized 15I5 X 71 chickens suggested that expression of this antigen might be a general property of plasma cells in 15I5 and related strains. To investigate this possibility, immunofluorescence assays with antiviral sera were carried out using plasma cells present in Harder glands. Endogenous retroviral envelope antigen was detectable in plasma cells of line 15I5 X 71, 15I5 X 72, and 15I5 chickens but not in plasma cells of line 72, 15B, or 63 chickens. Higher levels of retroviral envelope antigen were detectable in 15I5 X 71 plasma cells as compared to 15I5 X 71 bursal cells. The presence of retroviral envelope antigen in 15I5 plasma cells, coupled with the absence of detectable levels of retroviral p27-related antigen in these cells, suggested that expression of the former is governed by the ev 6 genetic locus. PMID- 7019330 TI - The parallel, time-dependent, bimodal change in lymphocyte cholinergic binding activity and cholinergic influence upon lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity after lymphocyte activation. AB - The potent muscarinic cholinergic antagonist 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate has been used to detect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on rodent and human lymphocytes. Binding to B lymphocytes was minimal and was not saturable or ligand specific. Half-maximal binding of (3H)-quinuclidinyl benzilate to T lymphocytes occurred at concentrations comparable to those described in other systems, and was displaceable at physiologic concentrations by muscarinic but not nicotinic agonists and antagonists. Binding to T lymphocytes was both saturable and specific, and was found to rapidly increase significantly after mitogen activation. Activation of T lymphocytes or the Lyt 1+ subset produces an early increase and later fall in muscarinic binding, and the ability od cholinergic agonists to augment the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes harvested from alloimmune rat spleen is directly related to the magnitude of muscarinic binding. PMID- 7019331 TI - Intracellular control of human neutrophil secretion. II. Stimulus specificity of desensitization induced by six different soluble and particulate stimuli. PMID- 7019334 TI - A rapid technique for detecting IgGFc and complement receptors on T and B cells in the neonatally thymectomized and normal adult rat. AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of IgGFc and C3 receptors on mammalian lymphoid cells. However, the further characterization of these cells as T, B, or null has been cumbersome and time consuming. A simple method is described for surface fluorescent labeling of (DA X L)F1 rat cell suspensions indirectly with either anti-rat IgM (sIg+) or monoclonal anti-rat thymocyte (sT+) antibody and then rosetting with EA or EAC. Staphylococcus protein A had no significant effect on the level of sIg+ or sT+ attained. From 58-78% of IgGFc+ cells were SIg+ with 14-18% sT+ in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Almost 100% of C3+ cells were sIg+. Neonatally thymectomized adults exhibited a 254-413% decrease in sT+ cells but a 154-329% increase in sIg+ and a 177-330% increase in null cells. They also exhibited a 140-400% increase in IgGFc+ and C3+ cells in all lymphoid compartments. Fifty-two to 65% of IgGFc+ cells and again almost 100% of C3+ were sIG+. The methods and results are discussed as a basis for studies of B and T lymphocyte maturation and function within various rat lymphoid compartments. PMID- 7019333 TI - The specific detection of IgA in immune complexes. AB - An assay to detect IgA in circulating immune complexes (IC) using low avidity goat IgM antibody against human polyclonal IgA is described. The binding of this antibody to IgA coupled to Sepharose 6B is inhibited by IgA-containing IC. The specificity and sensitivity of this anti-IgA inhibition assay (a-IgA-InhA), was evaluated with aggregated purified immunoglobulins, sera of patients with Henoch Schonlein purpura and normal human sera. Aggregated immunoglobulins of the IgA class, but not monomeric IgA, were reactive. Sucrose density ultracentrifugation showed that large IgA constituents (greater than 19S) were found only in the sera of patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Both these sera and normal human serum contained smaller IgA components (between 7S and 19S), probably small polymers of IgA, which were reactive in this assay and interfered with detection of IgA containing IC. Redissolved precipitates obtained from normal serum with polyethylene glycol showed reduced reactivity in the test, whereas the inhibitory activity of IgA-containing IC in sera of patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura was retained in the precipitates. Precipitation of sera with polyethylene glycol allowed detection of smaller quantities of IgA-containing IC in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 7019332 TI - Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. I. Description of a growth factor-dependent culture technique. AB - A feeder layer independent long-term in vitro culture system for murine mast cells is described. Concanavalin A-activated murine splenic leukocyte-conditioned medium, prepared under conditions optimal for T cell growth factor production, has been found also to contain a growth-promotion activity for murine mast cells identified by their morphology, characteristic ultrastructure of the granules, positive reactions with toluidine blue and alcian blue, presence of receptors for IgG and IgE, as well as presence of histamine, serotonin, L-Dopa, 5 hydroxytryptophan, and sulfated products within the cytoplasm. After 2 to 3 wk of culture in the presence of the conditioned medium, mast cell lines were established from various sources initially devoid of matured mast cells. Such sources included spleen and bone marrow of athymic nude mice, long-term cultured marrow cells as well as T cell-depleted normal marrow. Cultured mast cells are absolutely dependent upon the conditioned medium-derived growth factor(s) for growth and viability. Death ensues within 24 hr in the absence of the factor(s). Established mast cell lines have been maintained in exponential growth for over 1 yr by passaging in the conditioned medium every 3 to 7 days. PMID- 7019335 TI - Discrimination in immunofluorescence between labeled and unlabeled cells by quantitative microfluorometry and computer analysis. AB - An automated procedure for discrimination in immunofluorescence between antibody labeled and unlabeled cells has been developed on the basis of microfluorimetric determination of intensity distributions. After smoothing the raw data for irregularities caused by the scoring statistics optimum fit of the negative distribution to the corresponding positive one was achieved. The procedure was tested in a model system by mixing various known proportions of immunofluorescence-negative and -positive plastic beads. In addition, variable mixtures of T-negative CLL cells and normal mononuclear peripheral blood cells were labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-T-antiserum. The expected percentage of T positive peripheral blood cells agreed satisfactorily with the data measured and computed. Finally, the measured percentage of Ig-positive mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood was in agreement with the values obtained by other techniques. PMID- 7019336 TI - A simple quantitative immunofluorescence assay for FITC-labeled antibody on platelets. AB - A quantitative immunofluorescence technique is described which uses platelets as object cells and fluorescein isothiocyanate as a fluorescent label. The problem of light scattering and fluorescence quenching was resolved by solubilization of platelets using sodium dodecyl sulfate. This treatment did not disturb the linear correlation between fluorescence and concentration of FITC. Antigen-antibody reactions did not alter the fluorescence of FITC. Solubilized platelets did not lower the sensitivity of fluorimetry. Fluorimetry on platelets from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura gave results consistent with other assay methods. PMID- 7019337 TI - The application of autoradiography and other immunohistochemical techniques to the same tissue section or cell smear. PMID- 7019338 TI - A sensitive micromethod for measuring human reverse haemolytic plaque-forming cells. PMID- 7019339 TI - Removal of PHA from supernatants containing T-cell growth factor. AB - Supernatants of human PBL cultures stimulated with PHA contain a lymphokine named T-cell growth factor (TCGF). To remove the contaminant PHA from these supernatants, we have designed a simple and effective method based on the binding properties of this lectin to chicken red blood cells. This procedure completely removes the functional activities of a PHA solution, both in lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity against erythroid targets and in DNA synthesis of fresh PBL. The TCGF activity remaining in the supernatants after absorption with CRBC is dependent on the cellular concentration employed in the preparation of the supernatants. The absorption procedure does not remove significant TCGF activity in the supernatants prepared at high cellular concentrations (5 X 10(6) cells/ml), whereas in those prepared at low cellular concentrations (1 X 10(6) cells/ml) a partial loss of TCGF activity is detected. PMID- 7019340 TI - Visualization of minute centers of viral infection in unfixed cell cultures by an enzyme-linked antibody assay. AB - Enzyme-linked antibody was used to treat unfixed herpesvirus-infected human fetal lung cell cultures in a mode which permitted the visualizing of local sites of infection. Foci containing as few as 20 herpesvirus-infected cells produced sufficient viral mass to be easily detectable by this method. 'Clouds' or 'plumes' of colored reaction product diffused into the substrate overlay, accumulated above and around each focus of infection and allowed quantitation of the number of foci in a culture. The number of minute centers of viral infection determined by the enzyme-linked antibody method corresponded almost exactly with values obtained by fluorescence microscopy. Quantitation of herpes simplex infectivity by focus assay was possible within only 17 h after culture inoculation, well before cytopathic effects were visible macroscopically. The technique was also applied to demonstrate measles and mumpsvirus plaques (infectious centers) in Vero cell cultures. PMID- 7019341 TI - A rapid immunoperoxidase assay for determination of IgG antibodies to measles virus. AB - A new indirect peroxidase antibody to membrane antigen (IPAMA) technique for the detection of IgG specific antibodies against measles virus is described. The technique utilizes as antigen measles-infected Vero cells dried on glass slides and stored at --70 degrees C. Sera of 509 healthy medical students and laboratory workers and 24 sera of measles, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients were checked by IPAMA and the results have been compared with the results obtained by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. There is good agreement between the results of both techniques as to the presence or absence of antibody in 48 out of the 50 tested. The advantages of the techniques are discussed. PMID- 7019343 TI - Propidium iodide as a nuclear marker in immunofluorescence. I. Use with tissue and cytoskeleton studies. AB - Some examples are given of immunofluorescence with tissue sections and microtubular cytoskeletons of cultured cells where the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI) has been used as marker of nuclei. The emission wave length of IP is longer than that of fluorescein, making it possible to use several different and commonly available filter combinations. The use of nuclei as positional indicators is often a more suitable method than phase microscopy combined with immunofluorescence because of low background illumination against which morphology is viewed, circumventing the need for often expensive phase optics. PMID- 7019342 TI - A method for the preparation of Vicia villosa lectin and a rosette procedure for fractionation of lectin-binding lymphocytes. AB - We describe a simple procedure for isolation of Vicia villosa lectin with binding specificity for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine greater than D-galactose. Also, a rosette assay using V. villosa lectin coupled-SRBC is described which enables us to both visualize lectin binding cells and to fractionate lymphocytes from vitro primary mixed lymphocyte cultures on the basis of ability to bind V. villosa lectin. PMID- 7019344 TI - Propidium iodide as a nuclear marker in immunofluorescence. II. Use with cellular identification and viability studies. AB - The use of a fluorescence method employing propidium iodide to determine nuclear morphology of different cell types by epi-illumination in membrane immunofluorescence is described. Its usefulness is illustrated by differentiating nucleated and anuclear transferrin receptor-bearing cells as well as by simultaneously determining the viability of cell suspension without requiring a change from fluorescence microscopy, this causing no loss of visual accommodation. PMID- 7019345 TI - Chicken buffy coat leucocytes (BCL) as indicator cells for human leucocytes migration inhibitory factor (LIF). AB - Human leucocyte migration inhibiting factor (LIF) form Con A stimulated lymphoid cells inhibited the migration of human and chicken peripheral blood leucocytes. The evaluation of human LIF activity on chicken cells is easy to perform as a routine test and has the advantage that large quantities of indicator cells are readily available. The chicken cell LIF test can be performed in the absence of serum, so avoiding effects due to plasminogen activator, and does not require the use of concentrated supernatants. LIF activity against both human and chicken targets was absent in supernatants from lung cancer subjects. PMID- 7019346 TI - Measurement of antigen concentrations with a one-step inhibition assay. AB - A device is described which is used to measure the concentration of antigen in solution. A wedge-shaped gap containing the antigen to be detected is bounded on one side by a reservoir containing specific antiserum and on the opposite side by a detection slide which has been previously coated with a layer of adsorbed antigen. As the antibodies diffuse through the gap, they complex with the soluble antigen in the wedge until these become saturated leaving additional antibody free to complex with antigen on the detection slide. By allowing diffusion to continue for an appropriate time, it is possible to relate the distance along the gap where this has occurred to the concentration of antigen within the gap. Using human IgG as a model antigen, we have been able to measure concentrations down to approximately 10 micrograms/ml with this test. PMID- 7019347 TI - A simple method of reducing the fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy. PMID- 7019348 TI - Quantitation of the Pap reaction on single cells by absorption cytophotometry. AB - The reaction product of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method was quantitated at the single cell level by absorption microphotometry. Attempts were made to demonstrate that the amount of dye deposited on individual cells can be taken as a measure of the number of antibody molecules bound. In an experiment with prefixed sheep erythrocytes loaded in excess with amboceptor a close relationship was observed between cell size and the amount of dye measured. Furthermore, the known differences in A1 antigen density on human A1 and A2 erythrocytes were satisfactorily reproduced with this quantitative approach. As regards T antigen density on human lymphocytes of different origin, the results presented tally with data in the literature. It is therefore concluded that the method is suitable for quantitating antibody amounts bound to individual cells. PMID- 7019350 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7019351 TI - Effect of acid etching on microleakage around and adaptation of composite fillings. PMID- 7019349 TI - Specific and nonspecific immune resistance enhancing activity of staphage lysate. AB - The immunopotentiating activity of staphage lysate (SPL) was evaluated in terms of its immune protection against lethal bacterial infection and its antitumor activity. Mice were pretreated weekly with 10(8) viable, Staphylococcus aureus, strain 18Z for 3 weeks (Induction), followed by intraperitoneal SPL injections (Elicitation) at various times in relation to infectious challenge or tumor implantation. Induction without elicitation, or elicitation alone failed to provide protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and resulted in only 30-40% survival against homologous infection with pathogenic S. aureus type III, whereas combined induction and elicitation produced enhanced resistance induction and elicitation regimens resulted in 50% and 80-100% survival in mice inoculated with K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively. SPL had no antitumor effect in mice implanted with median survival time resulting from induction and elicitation in animals implanted which Ehrlich's ascites. This enhancement of immune resistance may possibly be related to activation of thymus-modulated lymphocytes and macrophages by SPL. PMID- 7019352 TI - Some principles of radiobiology: a selective review. PMID- 7019353 TI - Photoreactivation in bacteria and in skin. AB - In many procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, photoreactivating enzyme mediates light dependent repair of UV-induced damage: the enzyme binds to a pyrimidine dimer in DNA, and, on absorption of a photon (300-600 nm), specifically monomerizes the dimer, thus repairing the DNA. Photoreactivating enzyme has been found in human tissues and human cells in culture; human cells in culture can photoreactivate cellular dimers, and can mediate photoreactivation of Herpes (human fibroblasts) and Epstein-Barr virus (human leukocytes). Measurements of pyrimidine dimer formation and repair in human skin indicate that detectable numbers of dimers are formed at 1 minimal erythemal dose, that the dimers are rapidly removed in skin kept in the absence of light, and they are more rapidly removed when the skin is exposed to visible light. PMID- 7019355 TI - Travelers' diarrhea among American Peace Corps volunteers in rural Thailand. AB - Diarrheal disease was studied prospectively in 35 Peace Corps volunteers during their first five weeks in rural Thailand. Twenty (57%) developed the syndrome of travelers' diarrhea. Recognized bacterial enteric pathogens were isolated from stools during 47% of 39 episodes of travelers' diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was isolated during 26% and Shigella during 13% of the episodes. Of the 20 volunteers, 50% had bacteriologic and/or serologic evidence of infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli. Sixty-one percent of isolates of enterotoxigenic E. coli and 92% of isolates of Shigella were resistant to doxycycline. Other enteric pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella, rotavirus, Norwalk agent, and Entamoeba histolytica, were associated with episodes of travelers' diarrhea. Aeromonas hydrophila, isolated from 31% of 39 episodes of travelers' diarrhea, was of unknown pathogenic importance. Thus, episodes of travelers' diarrhea in Thailand were associated with a variety of organisms, among which antibiotic-resistant bacterial enteropathogens were common. PMID- 7019354 TI - Genital and intestinal carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy. AB - To evaluate the relative importance of genital and gastrointestinal carriage of group B streptococci, repeated semiquantitative and qualitative cultures were obtained from 64 patients during pregnancy. Carriage was documented in 20% of the women at the first visit, in 41% of the women cumulatively, and at 24% of 295 visits. Group B streptococci were isolated from 20% of genital, 17% of rectal, and 17% of stool cultures. Concordance of carriage among these body sites was high (87%-93%) for cultures collected simultaneously. Counts of streptococci ranged between 10(2) and 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of dry stool (geometric mean, 2.3 x 10(5)) and varied widely among repeated samples from chronic carriers. The group B streptococci tended to appear, persist, and disappear simultaneously in genital, rectal, and stool cultures of individuals, although some women appeared to harbor the organism in the birth canal or lower bowel alone. PMID- 7019357 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics after A-C bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019356 TI - Characteristics of Serratia marcescens containing a plasmid coding for gentamicin resistance in nosocomial infections. AB - Strains of gentamicin-resistant Serratia marcescens (GRSM) that originated in a crowded neurosurgical close observation unit (COU) became established during a 2.5-year interval at several affiliated hospitals in Charleston, South Carolina. Most patients with GRSM had colonization or infection of the urinary tract associated with indwelling bladder catheters. Infected patients in the COU more often had pyuria and less often received systemic steroids than COU patients not harboring GRSM. However, length of stay, use of urinary catheters, exposure to systemic antibiotics, and exposure to gentamicin were not significantly different between the two groups. Of the strains of GRSM, 92% contained a conjugative 41 megadalton plasmid tht encoded resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin and elaborated similar aminoglycoside 3-acetyltransferases. Seven 41-megadalton plasmids from outbreak strains and a 41-megadalton plasmid from a 1973 isolate of GRSM gave identical DNA fragments after restriction endonuclease digestion. PMID- 7019358 TI - [Sexual differentiation in heterobasidiomycetous yeasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019359 TI - [Specificity of globin gene expression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019360 TI - [A clinical survey of removable partial dentures retained by OPA attachments. Observation of male and female (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019363 TI - Tribute to Avicenna: one thousand years of the art of preserving health. PMID- 7019362 TI - Secondary ischemia: ischemic problems following vascular reconstruction. PMID- 7019364 TI - Kansas Medical Society. 1981 roster. PMID- 7019361 TI - [A study on the changes of jaw movement and EMG pattern induced by rapid palatal expansion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019365 TI - Osmotic and nonosmotic control of vasopressin release and the pathogenesis of impaired water excretion in adrenal, thyroid, and edematous disorders. PMID- 7019367 TI - Factors determining electrolyte excretion and renin secretion after closure of an arteriovenous fistula in the dog. AB - We studied 12 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs 8 to 21 days after surgical placement of a femoral AV fistula in order to characterize the renal response to subsequent closure and reopening of the fistula. Closure of the fistula resulted in a significant reduction in cardiac output from 3.3 +/- 0.2 L/min to 2.2 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.001) and heart rate from 163 +/- 7 beats/min to 150 +/- 7 (p less than 0.005), whereas blood pressure did not change significantly. These changes in systemic hemodynamics were associated with significant increases in GFR, renal vascular resistance, and filtration fraction and a significant decrease in RBF. UNaV (16.4 +/- 3.8 microEq/min to 31.3 +/- 6.5), UKV (27.9 +/- 1.6 microEq/min to 47.5 +/- 3.8), and UHCO3V (6.8 +/- 1.4 mumol/min to 25.0 +/- 2.4) increased significantly (p less than 0.005), whereas UCIV was unchanged. Renal denervation blunted the renal hemodynamic and natriuretic consequences of fistula closure, but other electrolyte excretory responses paralleled those in innervated kidneys. In innervated kidneys RSR fell significantly after fistula closure; RSR was low in denervated kidneys and did not change on fistula closure. Reopening the AV fistula restored systemic hemodynamics toward initial control values but produced no further changes in renal hemodynamics or electrolyte excretion. Overall, an inverse relationship between changes in cation excretion and changes in RSR was observed in innervated kidneys. These results demonstrate involvement of the renal nerves as well as an increase in GFR in the increased cation excretion that occurs after AV fistula closure. However, persistently elevated cation excretion after the reopening of the fistula may be due to other mechanisms. PMID- 7019366 TI - The acute effects of sustained volume expansion on the renin-aldosterone system and renal function in human hepatic ascites. AB - To investigate the acute effect of sustained volume expansion in patients with chronic hepatic ascites, renal and hemodynamic studies were performed on six patients receiving the peritoneovenous shunt. Within 1 hr of shunt insertion, the cardiac output rose by 20% to 60% above the preoperative level and the renal blood flow by 70% to 300%. At the same time both the plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone levels fell to a mean of 34% of the preoperative levels. The urine output increased from fourfold to 38-fold, but the sodium excretion increased in only two of the six patients. The data show that the acute effect of sustained volume expansion is predominantly on water rather than on sodium excretion. This manoeuver acutely suppressed circulating renin and aldosterone levels; however, the blunted natriuretic response suggests that other factors are involved in the sodium retention in these patients. PMID- 7019368 TI - Effect of 12-hour infusions of saralasin or captopril on blood pressure in hypertensive conscious rats. Relationship to plasma renin, duration of hypertension, and effect of unclipping. AB - Saralasin (Sar1, Ala8 angiotensin II), a competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, or captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, were infused for 12 hr into conscious rats with Goldblatt two-kidney one-clip hypertension at an early stage (mean interval from clipping 36 days) and a chronic stage (151 days). In the early phase infusions of either saralasin or captopril produced a significant fall in blood pressure, which was maximal at 30 min, although the majority of animals remained hypertensive. In the chronic phase, saralasin produced a small and nonsignificant fall in blood pressure, whereas captopril produced a fall similar to that observed in the early group. No further fall in blood pressure was seen over the 12 hr period. PRC was markedly elevated in the early phase but did not differ significantly from normal in the chronic phase. The blood pressure fall produced by saralasin was significantly correlated with preinfusion PRC (r = 0.72 for the early group and 0.81 for the chronic group; p less than 0.01), whereas the fall in blood pressure produced by captopril was poorly correlated with PRC (r = 0.04 and 0.14, respectively). Captopril produced a minor fall and saralasin a minor elevation of blood 3 pressure in normal animals. Infusions of dextrose without inhibitor caused no change in blood pressure. Removal of the renal artery clip normalized blood pressure in the majority (88%) of animals in either the early or chronic phases. It is concluded that 12 hr infusions of these inhibitors are no more effective than 30 min infusions and do not fully correct hypertension in this model. Furthermore, the greater vasodepressor effect of captopril compared to saralasin in chronic hypertensive animals and the lack of correlation between PRC and change in blood pressure with captopril suggest that this agent has an action independent from blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Removal of the renal artery clip is more effective than renin-angiotensin blockade in correcting Goldblatt two-kidney one-clip hypertension. PMID- 7019370 TI - Acceptance of learning disabled students in the mainstream environment: a failure to replicate. PMID- 7019369 TI - Betahistine in peripheral vertigo: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of Serc versus placebo. PMID- 7019372 TI - The effect of immediate post preparation on apical seal. PMID- 7019371 TI - Effect of reduced extracellular sodium concentration on the function of adrenal zona glomerulosa: studies in conscious rats. AB - The present experiments were designed to study the effect extracellular hyponatraemia on aldosterone secretion. Hyperaldosteronism was induced by peritoneal dialysis with 5% glucose solution in dexamethasone-pretreated rats. In the narrow physiological range of 135-142 mmol/l, as well as in the whole range of the study (122-142 mmol/l), the plasma concentration of sodium showed a close negative correlation with the serum concentration of aldosterone (r = -0.71 and 0.83, respectively). Plasma renin activity increased after peritoneal dialysis; however, no close correlation was observed either between sodium concentration and plasma renin activity or plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration within the dialysed group. The ratio of serum concentration of aldosterone to plasma renin activity showed no considerable change between 132 and 142 mmol/l but rose steeply below 132 mmol sodium/l suggesting that a factor(s) other than angiotensin may also contribute to the induction of hyperaldosteronism.U PMID- 7019374 TI - Neonatal treatment with low doses of anti-idiotypic antibody leads to the expression of a silent clone. AB - BALB/c mice immunized with bacterial levan (BL) produce an immune response that fails to generate antibody expressing the idiotype (Id) of the beta (2 leads to 6) fructosan-binding myeloma protein ABPC 48 (A48). Pretreatment of newborn BALB/c mice (at 1 d of age) with 0.01-10 microgram of affinity purified BALB/c anti-A48 Id antibody followed by immunization with BL 1-2 mo later produces an anti-BL response that expresses the A48 Id. This shows that A48 Id+ anti-BL clones belong to a normally silent fraction of the anti-BL repertoire. The activation of A48 Id+ anti-BL clones anti-A48 Id antibody is specific because the pretreatment of newborn mice with anti-MOPC 384 Id antibody, followed by immunization with BL, does not lead to its activation. Moreover, pretreatment of mice with anti-A48 Id antibody does not alter the MOPC 460 Id+ component of the anti-TNP response. It is also important to note that the activation of the A48 Id+ clone in pretreated mice requires subsequent immunization with BL. PMID- 7019373 TI - Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. VII. Idiotype specific suppression of plaque-forming cell responses. AB - The ability of suppressor cells induced by the intravenous administration of 4 hydro-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-modified syngeneic cells to reduce an idiotypic B cell response was studied in both an in vivo and an in vitro system. Idiotype positive B cells were assayed by the ability of guinea pig anti-idiotypic antiserum to specifically inhibit idiotype-positive plaque formation. It was found that up to 57% of the PFC response in vivo and 100% of the PFC response in vitro was inhibitable with antiidiotypic antiserum. The expression of these idiotype-positive B cells could be suppressed by the transfer of spleen cells form mice treated 7 d previously with NP coupled syngeneic cels. T cells are both required and sufficient for the transfer of idiotype specific suppression. The induction of these idiotype-specific T suppressor cells directly with antigen suggests that recognition of unique determinants on cell surfaces is important for regulation of lymphoid cell interactions. The role of idiotype-specific suppressor cells in the network of lymphoid interactions is discussed. PMID- 7019375 TI - Restricted antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras histoincompatible at the K end of the H-2 complex. AB - Employing a new method for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, irradiation chimeras constructed from various combinations of marrow cells from B10 H-2 recombinant mice and AKR recipients were prepared. Though these chimeras had well developed populations of T and B cells, they showed strikingly different patterns of responses in the primary antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a T dependent antigen. These are (a) AKR mice treated with C57BL/10 cells, [B10 leads to AKR] fully H-2 incompatible, and AKR mice treated with B10.A (5R) cells, [5R leads to AKR] I-J,E compatible chimeras that were almost completely unresponsive to SRBC; (b) AKR mice treated with B10.BR cells [BR leads to AKR] fully H-2 compatible, and AKR mice treated with B10 AKM cells, [AKM leads to AKR] chimeras where donor and recipient differed only at H-2D, showed the same number of plaque forming cells (PFC) as B10 control mice; (c) AKR mice treated with B10.A cells, [B10 leads to AKR] chimeras, where donor and recipient were matched at H-2K-I-E region, showed about one-half the number of PFC as the control mice. From these results we conclude that in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras primary antibody response to T-dependent antigen, such as SRBC, is generated when at least the K end of the H-2 complex is compatible between donor and recipient. PMID- 7019376 TI - Modulation of phagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages. AB - A previously described fluorescence assay has been used to characterize factors that modulate phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion in mouse macrophages. Fusion was not affected by enzymatic modification or by concanavalin A cross-linking of the plasma membrane or by coating the phagocytic particle with concanavalin A or immune serum. Pretreatment of cells with 10-5-10-4 M colchicine, or treatment immediately after ingestion with 1-10 microgram/ml cytochalasin did not alter P-L fusion; implying that the cytoskeleton does not control fusion in a rate-limiting way. Fusion was strikingly elevated in 5-h cultures of activated macrophages from immune-boosted mice. A lower enhancement was seen in cells activated by proteose peptone, a nonspecific inflammatory agent. PMID- 7019377 TI - Cells mediating graft rejection in the mouse. I. Lyt-1 cells mediate skin graft rejection. AB - The Ly phenotype of cells mediating skin graft rejection was determined using monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.1 and Lyt-2.1 antibodies in CBA mice that received CBA lymphoid cells from mice sensitized to C57BL/6; i.e., alloantigenic differences arising from the H-2 and non-H-2 loci. It was clear that graft rejection was due wholly to the presence of Lyt-1 cells in the inoculum and that Lyt-123 or Lyt-23 cells had no effect. Furthermore, no synergism was noted between Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 cells. In this model, both the cytotoxic T cell and cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors were shown to be Lyt-123 and these could be depleted from sensitized Lyt-1 populations that mediated graft rejection. Thus cytotoxic T cells are not responsible for skin graft rejection, but rather, this is mediated by an Lyt-1 cell. Whether this T cell is distinct from other Lyt-1 cells (T helper, T cells mediating delayed hypersensitivity) is not clear at present, but other evidence, and traditional concepts, link graft rejection and delayed type hypersensitivity as being different manifestations of the same mechanism. PMID- 7019379 TI - Mechanism of action of the C4 nephritic factor. Deregulation of the classical pathway of C3 convertase. AB - Three mechanisms that regulate the formation and function of the classical pathway C3 convertase (C4b2a) have been elucidated: (a) an intrinsic decay of the enzyme that is temperature dependent; (b) an extrinsic decay mediated by the effect of the serum protein C4b binding protein (C4-bp); and (c) inactivation of C4b by the proteolytic action of C4b/C3b inactivator (C4b/C3bINA), which cleaves that alpha' chain of C4b to yield C4d (alpha 2) and C4c (alpha 3, alpha 4, beta, and gamma chains). A fourth mechanism described here is based on the observation that the IgG fraction of the serum of certain patients with glomerulonephritis contains a protein termed C4 nephritic factor (NFc), which prevents the intrinsic decay of C4b2a. This protein, which prolongs the half-life of surface-bound C4b2a from 7.5 min to greater than 5 h, increases the use of C3 and C5. It also inhibits the decay produced by C4-bp by preventing the dissociation of C2a from the C4b2a complex. Additionally, the C2b/C3bINA alone, or in the presence of C4 bp, fails to cleave the alpha' chain of C4b in the surface-bound stabilized C4b2a complex. This protective property of NFc requires the presence of C2a, because C4b was not protected unless it was bound to C2a. Thus in the presence of NFc, the three natural controls of the function of the classical pathway convertase, intrinsic decay, extrinsic decay, and proteolytic cleavage, are bypassed. PMID- 7019378 TI - Idiotype profile of an immune response. I. Contrasts in idiotypic dominance between primary and secondary responses and between IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells. AB - The primary response of A/J mice to p-azobenzenearsonate-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (ABA-KLH) was investigated. A day-by-day analysis at the plaque- forming cell (PFC) level was performed, with inhibition by anti-cross- reactive idiotype (CRI) serum to determine percentage of CRI(+) PFC. A regular pattern in the dynamics of Id (idiotype) dominance was observed. Just as in the NP-b and NP a systems (9, 12), the major Id (CRI) is more dominant in primary than in secondary or hyperimmune responses. This trend is more apparent in IgG PFC which are generally 80-95 percent CRI(+) at day 10 in the primary response but only 30 40 percent CRI(+) at day 10 in secondary or hyperimmune responses. A somewhat different pattern is seen with IgM PFC. These may reach a peak of 85 percent CRI(+) in the primary response, but secondary or hyperimmune IgM PFC, which are lower in numbers than IgG PFC, remain high in CRI content at approximately 70 percent. The PFC data on extent of id dominance in secondary or hyperimmune responses is fully compatible with previously reported serological data by others. Analysis of IgG PFC by hapten inhibition indicated that heterogeneity was in the order secondary PFC {greater than} primary PFC {greater than} hybridoma AK 2.2 PFC with H(75)/H(25) values of 22.9, 6.2, and 2.7, respectively; where H(75) and H(25) are the hapten concentrations required to give 75 percent and 25 percent of inhibition of PFC, respectively. Hapten inhibition data also suggested that secondary IgG PFC were 10 times higher in median binding avidity for ABA-L tyrosine than primary IgG PFC. The kinetic analysis strongly indicated that CRI(+) IgM PFC were preferentially switched to IgG PFC in the primary response. In both studies, the CRI content of the earliest-appearing IgG PFC was significantly higher than that of IgM PFC on that day. For example, in one case IgM PFC were 60 percent CRI + on day 6 whereas IgG PFC were 100 percent CRI(+). The high Id dominance and selective isotype switching may have either a B or a T cell basis. PMID- 7019380 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate stimulates phagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages. AB - The effect of the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on phagosome lysosome (P-L) fusion in mouse macrophages has been studied using a previously described (10) fluorescence assay. Treatment with 0.1--1.0 microgram PMA/ml caused a striking increase in the rate and extent of P-L fusion. Exposure of cells to phorbol, free myristate, or the monoesters of PMA did not reproduce this effect. Macrophages required from 2 to 3 h of pretreatment to express maximal P-L fusion, and this was maintained for at least 20 h when cells were returned to PMA free medium. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, indomethacin, and hydrocortisone, agents that are known to block the effect of PMA on H2O2, O2-, prostaglandins, or plasminogen activator, did not affect the stimulation of P-L fusion by PMA. The protein-synthesis inhibitors puromycin and cycloheximide did block the PMA effect under conditions in which the high fusion rate of 4-d cells was not affected. Labeled PMA was rapidly taken up by macrophages, with a plateau of uptake at approximately 3 h. When cells were returned to PMA-free medium, cel-associated label was rapidly released, returning to background level within 1 h. The released label was found to be a metabolite of PMA by thin-layer chromatography. This product migrated between the monoester phorbol-12-myristate and free phorbol. Rapid metabolism of PMA was also observed by a macrophage cell line, J774, and, to a lesser extent, by primary rat embryo fibroblasts. PMID- 7019382 TI - Relaxation therapy of hypertension. PMID- 7019381 TI - Surface properties of bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated mouse macrophages. Reduced expression of mannose-specific endocytosis, Fc receptors, and antigen F4/80 accompanies induction of Ia. AB - Infection of the mouse peritoneal cavity by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) markedly alters the surface properties of the macrophages induced, compared with cells obtained from uninfected control animals or after injection of thioglycollate broth. Quantitative binding assays with radiolabeled ligands or antibodies showed that BCG-activated peritoneal macrophages (BCG-PM) expressed one-fourth or less receptor activity for mannose-terminal glycoconjugates as well as reduced levels of Fc receptors and of antigen F4/80 compared with nonactivated macrophages. Endocytosis mediated by mannose-specific receptors was reduced in parallel. In contrast, surface Ia antigen was increased threefold in the same adherent cell population. Radioautographic analysis confirmed that greater than 80% of adherent cells still expressed low levels of the macrophage-specific mannosyl receptor and antigen F4/80, and that I antigens had been induced on 64% of macrophages rather than on other cells. Control experiments established that only the BCG-PM macrophages released H2O2 after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, whereas both BCG-PM and thioglycollate-induced macrophages produced superoxide anion and plasminogen activator. The BCG-PM were viable, secreted normal levels of lysozyme, and displayed a stable phenotype after cultivation for 60 h. Inhibitors of oxygen products, prostaglandins, and proteases did not alter reduced endocytosis by BCG-PM. These studies indicated that expression of macrophage surface markers is reversed by BCG-activation, and that their known enhanced ability to lyse target cells extracellularly is associated with decreased endocytosis via specific receptors. Whether these changes are a result of an altered cell population or of modulation of selective surface properties is not known. PMID- 7019384 TI - [Studies on pathogenic Escherichia coli. (VII). Factors influencing the production and activity of capsular polysaccharide-synthesizing Escherichia coli exotoxins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019383 TI - Insulin as a lethal weapon. PMID- 7019385 TI - Percy Wragge Brian, 1910--1979. PMID- 7019386 TI - Peptide uptake in Candida albicans. AB - Transport of radioactively labelled peptides has been used to characterize a common transport system for di- and tripeptides in Candida albicans. This permease is energy-dependent and has a requirement for L-amino acid residues, an alpha-linkage between residues and a free amino terminus. Transport was followed by the accumulation inside the cell of intact peptides and component amino acids. After transport of glycyl-[U-14C]phenylalanine the radioactive material was accumulated inside the cell and subsequently leaked into the medium under certain conditions. PMID- 7019387 TI - Evidence for more than one mechanism of plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli. AB - The basis of tetracycline resistance mediated by TetA determinants and joint resistance to tetracycline and minocycline coded by TetB determinants was investigated. The TetA class of determinants was represented by those carried on plasmids pSC101, RP1 and pIP7 and TetB by Tn10. The relationships between expression of tetracycline and minocycline resistance and accumulation of these antibiotics suggest that there are three mechanisms of plasmid-determined resistance conferring (1) about a 10- to 20-fold increase in resistance to tetracycline that is not associated with decreased antibiotic accumulation, (2) a 4- to 7-fold increase in resistance to tetracycline that is associated with decreased drug accumulation, and (3) about a 2- to 3-fold increase in resistance to both tetracycline and minocycline that is not associated with decreased accumulation of either antibiotic. Mechanism 1 was coded by the tetracycline resistance determinant of pSC101 (TetA), mechanisms 1 and 2 by the determinants in RP1 and pIP7 (TetA) and all three mechanisms by Tn10 (TetB). PMID- 7019388 TI - Genetic evidence for a second asparaginase in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The apnA1 mutation strongly reduces L-asparagine utilization in Aspergillus nidulans. The ahrA1 mutation, leading to loss of an L-asparaginase (Drainas et al., 1977), eliminates residual L-asparagine utilization in double mutant strains also carrying apnA1. This additivity suggests that A. nidulans, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Jones, 1977; Dunlop et al., 1978), has two L asparaginases specified by apnA and Ahr A, respectively, apnA has been mapped to a position on the left arm of linkage group II, in the sequence adH--acrA--apnA- wA--methA--palcA--(centromere). PMID- 7019389 TI - Identification of Mycobacterium leprae: use of wall-bound mycolic acids. AB - A simple method for extraction and analysis of wall-bound mycolic acids from small samples of mycobacteria is described. Separation of mycolic acid classes according to their functional groups by thin-layer chromatography showed a difference between Mycobacterium leprae and a number of strains of acid-fast bacilli cultured from leprosy biopsies in vitro. This technique is proposed as a convenient preliminary test in the identification of possible cultures of M. leprae. PMID- 7019390 TI - Genetics of penicillin titre in lines of Aspergillus nidulans selected through recurrent mutagenesis. AB - Genetic analyses of mutations for increased penicillin titre were carried out on two strains of Aspergillus nidulans isolated after independent programmes of recurrent mutation and selection, similar to those used industrially for strain improvement. Both selected strains were stable in terms of colony morphology and penicillins titre. Backcrosses to the unselected ancestor indicated that the increased yield of each strain was due to an induced polygenic system with both additive and non-additive gene action. The titre-increasing mutations in one strain (A6-9) were recessive to their wild-type alleles, while those in the other (B6-27) were either semi-dominant or showed ambidirectional dominance. The diploid between A6-9 and B6-27 had a titre less than either component haploid, suggesting that the mutations in the two strains involved different genes. Strain B6-27 carried a translocation between chromosomes III and VII which had been induced during the selection programme. This investigation complements previous work on the genetics of penicillin production in A. nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum and the results are directly relevant to industrial strain improvement by hybridization of divergent strains. PMID- 7019391 TI - The cytoskeleton of primary astrocytes in culture contains actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the fibroblast-type filament protein, vimentin. AB - Primary astrocytes were cultured from forebrains of 1-day-old rats. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that approximately 80% of the cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and greater than 80% were stained with an antiserum to the molecular weight 58,000 fibroblast intermediate filament protein (vimentin). Gel electrophoresis of Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton preparations from these cultures revealed three major bands having molecular weights of 58,000, 51,000, and 42,000, together with some prominent lower molecular-weight species. The protein of molecular weight 51,000 was not present in preparations from fibroblasts. Each of the three major astrocyte proteins was subjected to limited proteolysis, while two of the proteins were cleaved by cyanogen bromide. The electrophoretic peptide patterns of the 58,000 protein were similar to those of vimentin isolated from NIL-8 fibroblasts, and the patterns of the 51,000 protein were similar to those of GFAP isolated from rat spinal cord. The patterns of the protein of molecular weight 42,000 resembled those of muscle action. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis showed that the 51,000 astrocyte protein reacted with an antiserum to bovine GFAP, but the 58,000 and 42,000 proteins failed to react. We conclude that the major proteins of cytoskeleton preparations from cultured primary astrocytes are vimentin (58,000), GFAP (51,000), and actin (42,000), and that our data show no obvious structural relationship among them. PMID- 7019392 TI - Immunological, physical, and chemical evidence for the identity of brain and kidney post-proline cleaving-enzyme. AB - Recent studies from this laboratory have suggested a similarity, if not identity, of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) deamidase and post-proline cleaving enzyme. Bovine brain TRF deamidase was purified to homogeneity and used to elicit antibodies to the enzyme. These antibodies were used to demonstrate identical immunological reactivity between rat brain TRF deamidase and rat kidney post proline cleaving enzyme. In addition, both proteins exhibit a molecular weight of 75,000, and have identical Km, values for the synthetic substrate pGlu-(N-benzyl L-His)-Pro-beta-naphthylamide and identical K1 values for TRF and luteinizing hormone releasing factor as inhibitors. Finally, and enzymes exhibit the same sensitivities to inhibition by mercury, iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, and 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). These results strongly suggest that brain TRF deamidase and kidney post-proline cleaving enzyme are identical. PMID- 7019393 TI - Refractory die-investing technique: the tendencies of setting expansion on die investments in the process of constructing working models. PMID- 7019394 TI - Evaluation of insulin antibodies in insulin treated patients. PMID- 7019395 TI - In vitro study of the in vivo behaviour of 99mTc-DTPA. PMID- 7019396 TI - New information from the interaction of tissue structures and ultrasonic energy: an overview with reference to cardiology. PMID- 7019397 TI - Plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase activities during and upon adaptation of rats to a high protein diet. AB - Plasma hormones, glucose and free fatty acids, liver glycogen and two key enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were examined in adult rats during a 40-day period of high protein feeding. Plasma insulin fell within 1 day but returned to normal after 4 days. Glucagon changed more slowly, reaching a maximum on day 4 and declined to near the control value within 24 days. Consequently, the insulin to glucagon ratio was lower on days 1, 4 and 8 and was nearly normal on day 24. With respect to hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity rose sharply on the 1st day and remained elevated for 40-day period; the L-isozyme of pyruvate kinase, although unchanged on the 1st day, decreased thereafter and from day 8 on represented 15--20% of control. Circadian variations in these parameters were also measured in rats adapted to the high protein diet. In such animals, the diurnal change in plasma hormones was less marked but tended to be inverted with respect to controls; the insulin/glucagon ratio was highest during daylight on high protein and in late night on the control diet. Over 24 hours, pyruvate kinase activity was related directly and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase inversely to the hormone ratio. We concluded that in rats adapted to high protein, as in controls, the diurnal balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is probably regulated by the same factor, namely the insulin/glucagon ratio. PMID- 7019398 TI - Adaptation of prepubertal children to exercise. PMID- 7019399 TI - Facial pains and the jaw muscles: a review. PMID- 7019400 TI - The formation of a structure with the features of synovial lining by subcutaneous injection of air: an in vivo tissue culture system. AB - We have attempted to verify the suggestion that synovial membrane is the result of mechanical disruption of connective tissue, and may occur at any site. Mechanical disruption of the subcutaneous connective tissue was achieved in rats and mice by the repeated injection of air. The resulting cavities developed a lining structure with many of the features of synovial membrane as judged by electron microscopy, and light microscopy using haematoxylin and eosin and van Gieson stains, esterase activity and immunofluorescent staining for Ia antigen. A structure closely resembling synovium is formed as early as 6 days, providing a convenient method for studying large quantities of facsimile synovial tissue under a wide variety of easily administered stimuli. PMID- 7019401 TI - PLasma C-peptide and insulin in neonates, infants, and children. PMID- 7019402 TI - Reversal of neuropathic and gastrointestinal complications related to diabetes mellitus in adolescents with improved metabolic control. AB - Two adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed unusually severe diabetic neuropathy which responded to intensive measures to achieve improved metabolic control. Employing home blood glucose monitoring and either frequent insulin injections or a portable insulin infusion pump, painful peripheral neuropathy and autonomic gastrointestinal neuropathy improved after five and 12 months of therapy, respectively. During this period of time, abnormal ocular fluorophotometry, an early change in the eye of diabetic patients, also returned to normal. These patients demonstrate the reversibility of unusually severe neuropathy and early ocular changes in adolescents with diabetes when treated with intensive measures designed to improve metabolic control. PMID- 7019403 TI - Real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The rapid growth in technology after the demonstration of the clinical utility of M-mode echocardiography has led to instruments providing two-dimensional noninvasive ultrasound examinations of the heart and other organs in real time, with high resolution. These techniques now provide images with a wealth of diagnostic, anatomic, and physiologic information. The clinical application of this technology over the past three or four years in many medical centers represents a most profound change in diagnostic pediatric cardiology, providing noninvasively derived information which can be used to decrease the morbidity and mortality of diagnosis and serial follow-up of children with serious congenital heart disease. PMID- 7019404 TI - Demonstration of normal plasma somatomedin concentrations in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7019405 TI - Disseminated BCG infection. PMID- 7019406 TI - Early closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in very low-birth-weight infants: a controlled trial. AB - A controlled clinical trial comparing early closure (mean = 48.8 hours) of the patent ductus arteriosus using indomethacin to conventional medical management, with intervention only after cardiopulmonary decompensation (mean = 167.4 hours), was undertaken in 24 preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and evidence of PDA. An interval analysis of one-half the projected sample revealed that infants undergoing early closure of the PDA had significantly reduced occurrence of BPD or mortality by 6 months of age. A comparison of birth weight, Apgar scores, gestational age, age of initial PDA diagnosis, and fluid therapy during the first seven days of life showed no significant differences between early intervention and control groups. At the time of the interval analysis, there were no differences between the groups in duration of intermittent mandatory ventilation or oxygen exposure. Studies will be required to determine whether these and other variables can be altered by early closure of the PDA. PMID- 7019408 TI - Varicella after kidney transplantation. PMID- 7019409 TI - Manual communication training for nonspeaking hearing children. PMID- 7019407 TI - A double-blind controlled trial of anti-Pseudomonas chemotherapy of acute respiratory exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - A double-blind controlled trail of anti-Pseudomonas chemotherapy was carried out in 24 exacerbations of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. Fifteen exacerbations were treated with oxacillin plus sisomicin and carbenicillin (treatment group); nine were treated with oxacillin alone (control group). The planned length of treatment was 14 days. The difference between the failure rate in the treatment group (3/15) and the control group (7/9) was statistically significant (P less than 0.015). The difference in improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second was also significant (P less than 0.025). At the end of the study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was still present in the sputum of all nine patients in the control group, but was not isolated from six of the 15 patients in the treatment group. The data suggest a beneficial role for anti Pseudomonas chemotherapy in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7019410 TI - Prospective evaluation of radionuclide scanning in detection of intestinal necrosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - The ability of external imaging to demonstrate intestinal infarction in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was prospectively evaluated. The radiopharmaceutical technetium--99m diphosphonate was injected intravenously and the patients subsequently underwent abdominal scanning. Clinical patient care and interpretation of the images were entirely independent throughout the study. Of 33 studies, 7 were positive, 4 were suspicious, and 22 were negative. One false positive study detected ischemia without transmural infarction. The second false positive scan occurred postoperatively and was due to misinterpretation of the hyperactivity along the surgical incision. None of the suspicious cases had damaged bowel. The two false negative studies clearly failed to demonstrate frank intestinal necrosis. The presence of very small areas of infarction, errors in technical settings, subjective interpretation of scans and delayed clearance of the radionuclide in a critically ill neonate may all limit the accuracy of external abdominal scanning. However, in spite of an error rate of 12%, it is likely that this technique will enhance the present clinical, laboratory, and radiologic parameters of patient management in NEC. PMID- 7019411 TI - Lymphocyte transformation responses in gingivitis and periodontitis. A review. AB - Recent research in oral immunology has implied that cell-mediated immune reactions are a possible pathogenic mechanism in gingivitis and periodontitis. The basis for the most commonly used in vitro test, lymphocyte transformation, and the possible interpretation are explained. The application of this test to a study of medically healthy subjects with varying degrees of periodontal disease yielded conflicting results. Previous reports in the literature have not established a relationship between blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes in periodontally diseased patients, and their disease status. The possibility of subclinical sensitization is discussed, although a cause-and effect relationship has not been proven. PMID- 7019412 TI - Studies on dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in the male reproductive organs; its biological and pathological status. AB - There are potent kinin degrading activities in seminal plasma and testis of various mammals. The activities in boar and human seminal plasma, and testis extracts from boar, rat, guinea pig and rabbit were eluted out at a similar position as a single peak in column chromatography with Sephadex G-200 or DEAE Sephadex A-50. These enzymes degraded synthetic bradykinin and yielded angiotensin II from angiotensin I by cleaving the second peptide bond from the carboxytermini of the substrate, and it was concluded that these enzymes were dipeptidyl carboxypeptidases like kininase II or angiotensin I converting enzyme. The enzymes in male genital organs of these mammals were found to be identical with further investigation on the enzymic properties of them. The enzyme in rat testis increased significantly in accordance with sexual maturation, and the increase was suppressed by injection of danazol or diethylstilbesterol to rats. Furthermore, the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase content in human seminal plasma was positively correlated to the semen qualities, i.e. sperm density and motility. From these results it is supposed that dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in male genital organ and its secretion seem to be related to the male reproductive functions. PMID- 7019413 TI - Intramuscular enzyme abnormalities of dystrophic chickens compared to those of dystrophic mice. AB - The present study was performed to investigate the enzymatic changes in dystrophic chickens compared to those of dystrophic mice. The activities of 14 kinds of aminopeptidases, 5 kinds of endopeptidase, 4 kinds of glycosidases, phosphatase, esterase, and ribonuclease were measured in muscles of control and dystrophic chickens. When the enzyme activities were expressed as specific activity per unit weight of organs, only some of them were found to be significantly elevated in dystrophic chickens; e.g., alanine aminopeptidase (Ala AP), Gly-AP and cathepsin D. On the contrary, the activities of alpha-D glycosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase were significantly decreased. Muscular protein contents of dystrophic chickens also tended to be lower than those of controls. These observations offer a striking contrast with the one obtained in the study on dystrophic mice. However, when expressed as specific activity per mg protein, many enzyme activities were found to be significantly elevated suggesting an extensive abnormality of metabolism in dystrophic chickens. Among 14 kinds of aminopeptidase activities, highly significant elevations were seen especially in AP-A, AP-B, Gly-AP, Ala-AP, Ser AP, Pro-AP, Leu-AP, Met-AP and Trp-AP. Interestingly enough, a statistical approach suggested a significant correlation between the aminopeptidase changes of dystrophic chickens with those of dystrophic mice. In addition to aminopeptidases, there were highly significant increases in the activities of cathepsin D, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, esterase and RNase. These results indicate that the intramuscular metabolic abnormality of dystrophic chickens are generally different from but partly resembled with those of dystrophic mice. PMID- 7019414 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of captopril in plasma. AB - A sensitive assay is described for quantitating plasma captopril levels. Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Blood from patients taking this drug was collected into tubes containing edetate and ascorbic acid, and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. After addition of an internal standard, the plasma was deproteinized and the supernate was adjusted to pH 6.5 N-(1-Pyrene)-maleimide was added to derivatize captopril and an internal standard to fluorescent adducts. These derivatives then were extracted into ethyl acetate-benzene (1:1) and separated from other derivatized thiols by high-performance liquid chromatography. The sensitivity of the assay was 150 pmoles/ml. Preliminary pharmacokinetics were obtained in patients taking captopril chronically for essential hypertension. After administration of 100 mg of captopril for patients who had fasted overnight, the plasma levels rose rapidly; peak levels were obtained at approximately 37 min. Thereafter, the plasma levels declined rapidly, and the terminal half-life was approximately 40 min. In these patients, the time course of the plasma levels did not reflect changes in blood pressure, so there appeared to be no direct relationship between plasma levels of the parent compound and blood pressure changes. PMID- 7019415 TI - Narcotics and diabetes. I. The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the antinociceptive potency of morphine. AB - The antinociceptive potency of morphine as determined by the tail-flick test was significantly decreased in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and mice pretreated with hypertonic dextrose or fructose. STZ-induced diabetic rats and spontaneously diabetic mice were also significantly less sensitive to the antinociceptive effects of morphine in the tail-flick test. Hypoglycemic mice were significantly more sensitive to morphine. Insulin-reversal of dextrose- and STZ-induced diabetic hyperglycemia returned sensitivity to morphine-induced antinociception to control values. Pretreatment with hypertonic 3-O-methylglucose (a nonmetabolizable sugar) had no effect on morphine potency. The ability of morphine to inhibit phenylquinone-induced writhing was attenuated in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Mice receiving various pretreatments (STZ-induced diabetes, STZ induced diabetes plus insulin, dextrose, fasting or fasting plus insulin) were subjected to analyses of their serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels and brain glucose lvels. From these data, it appeared that only hyper- or hypoglycemia correlated (inversely) with changes in the potency of morphine. It is hypothesized that the diabetes-induced hyperglycemia is responsible for selectively affecting the potency of morphine. PMID- 7019417 TI - Virulent and avirulent strains of Babesia bovis: The relationship between parasite protease content and pathophysiological effect on the strain. AB - A virulent strain of Babesia bovis ("L" strain) was rendered avirulent by irradiation with 35 krads with a gamma source. Another virulent strain of B. bovis ("C" strain) was made avirulent by rapid blood passage through 12 splenectomised calves. Both the parent virulent and their respective avirulent strains were injected into susceptible cattle. A nonfatal disease was observed in those intact cattle that had received avirulent parasites; however, a fatal disease was produced in those animals that had received virulent parasites and in splenectomised calves that had received avirulent parasites. Blood kinin levels rose and plasma kininogen levels fell significantly in those animals infected with both virulent strains. Nonsignificant changes occurred with these parameters in animals infected with avirulent parasites. Preparations of disrupted parasites were obtained from the four parasite populations. Both virulent strains contained high levels of protease. The avirulent forms contained insignificant amounts. As parasite doubling times and maximum parasitaemias were the same for all four parasite populations, we conclude that these enzymes are not obligatory for parasite multiplication in the vertebrate host. Their role in producing pathological changes in the host is discussed. PMID- 7019418 TI - The chemotherapy of protozoal infections of veterinary importance. AB - The use of drugs in domestic animals is dominated by considerations of cost effectiveness and profitability. They are extensively used against coccidial infections of poultry where they are an important factor in intensive husbandry. Ionophore antibiotics, which dominate this field, may have applications in ruminants. Imidocarb is of therapeutic and prophylactic value against babesial infections anf there are new prospects for control of theileriasis. Effective drugs for the control of African trypanosomiasis are limited and attention is being given to alternative uses of available compounds. PMID- 7019416 TI - A method for studying oxygen diffusion barrier in erythrocytes: effects of haemoglobin content and membrane cholesterol. AB - 1. In order to study the kinetics os the oxygen egress from human red cells in the 50 sec-20 min time range, an apparatus for measuring the oxygen dissociation process was constructed, combining a spectrophotometer with an oxygen electrode of quick response. 2. Starting from air-saturated haemolysate or red cell suspensions, the velocity of oxygen dissociation from oxyhaemoglobin (Vdiss) and of oxygen disappearance in the medium (Vobs) after addition of bakers' yeast (consuming the dissolved oxygen at the velocity of Vconsump) were recorded. A parameter (r) was defined as the ratio of two velocities, Vegress (the velocity of oxygen egress into the medium) and Vdiss, r identical to Vegress/Vdiss = (Vconsump -Vobs)/Vdiss. Vcomsump could be calculated by the Michaelis-Menten equation as follows, Vconsump = Vmax [O2]/(Km + [O2]), where Vmax was the maximal velocity of oxygen consumption of bakers' yeast. 3. The r value was always 1.0 for the haemolysate, but it was less than 1.0 for the normal red cells. Further, the oxygen dissociation curve of red cells obtained at higher Vmax was distorted, due to the non-equilibration between intra- and extracellular oxygen concentrations. 4. The r value was (i) independent of the amounts of the allosteric effectors (2,3-diphosphoglycerate and H+) but (ii) dependent on the haemoglobin contents and (iii) dependent on the amounts of the membrane cholesterol. Therefore, the r value reflected only the process of the oxygen diffusion but not the "chemical reaction' rate. The "barrier' of the oxygen diffusion decreased at lower haemoglobin contents, but increased at higher cholesterol contents in the membrane. PMID- 7019419 TI - Protist biogeography. AB - Autecology (cellular organelles and secretions, encystment and dispersal abilities), environmental conditions (physiological tolerances and interaction with other organisms), and evolutionary history contribute to protist biogeography, which manifests ecological and historical aspects. Ecological biogeography is seen in the influence of geochemistry on the distribution of fresh-water phytoflagellates and algae, and of moisture and vegetation type on soil-litter protists. A temporal feature is often present because many protists encyst and respond only to certain ranges of temperature and organic content. Historical biogeography has occurred by radiative host evolution on symbiotic protozoa (e.g., termite flagellates and rumen ciliates), and by the isolating effects of water currents, temperature, and density gradients on oceanic protists (coccoliths, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, radiolaria, and tintinnines). These two aspects combine in protists living on animal surfaces. Humans affect protist biogeography by increasing parasite ranges through human migrations and by water pollution. They can diminish these situations by disease control and exploiting appropriate ciliates in sewage disposal. Many free-living protozoa appear to be cosmopolitan, but mating types and isoenzyme studies suggest that speciation with its geographic connotations may be more widespread than presently appreciated. PMID- 7019420 TI - Chemotherapy and the immune response in protozoal infections. AB - Available evidence indicates that many of the antiprotozoal drugs currently in use significantly modify the immune response of the host. The effect depends on both the drug and the host. Some drugs enhance the immune response, some are immunosuppressants, and others enhance some types of immune mechanisms while suppressing others. Future efforts in the development of antiprotozoal drugs should consider their effects on both the parasite and the immune response of the host. Also in the chemotherapy of protozoal infections consideration should be given to the combined usage of immunoenhancing agents and antiprotozoal drugs. PMID- 7019421 TI - [Pierre Porcher (1897-1980)]. PMID- 7019422 TI - L CPL Joseph John Farmer, VC, AHC. Centenary of the battle of Majuba 1881. PMID- 7019423 TI - The immune response of mice to cholera vaccine. PMID- 7019424 TI - Pathologist turned general practitioner. Reflections of an ex-Army pathologist. PMID- 7019427 TI - Effect of an anti-oestrogen on implantation of mouse blastocysts. AB - Mouse blastocysts collected on Day 4 were cultured for 4 h in Whitten's medium containing 5 micrograms CI-628 citrate, a specific oestrogen antagonist, and transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant hosts. There was a significant reduction in the number of implantations observed on Day 11 when compared with those from blastocysts which were similarly transferred after culture in medium alone or in medium containing 1 microgram oestradiol-17 beta and 5 micrograms CI 628 citrate. We suggest that this is further evidence for the involvement of embryonic oestrogen in implantation. PMID- 7019425 TI - Development of a quotidian increase in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in prepubertal female rats. AB - Pituitaries from immature male and female rats (5, 13, 21, 27 and 30 days of age) were removed at 08:00 or 16:00 h and stimulated with GnRH in vitro. In female rats more LH was released from pituitaries taken at 16:00 h than at 08:00 h on Days 21, 27 and 30, but not on Days 5 and 13. There were no differences in male rats in responsiveness of pituitaries taken at these two times. The ability of GnRH to induce release of more LH in the late afternoon may help to synchronize hormone output to coincide with first ovulation. PMID- 7019426 TI - Stimulation of proteolytic activity of boar sperm acrosin by divalent metal ions. AB - The in-vitro proteolytic activity of boar sperm acrosin was stimulated by a series of monovalent and divalent metal ions. Equivalent concentrations of monovalent cations resulted in nearly identical increases in proteolytic activity, probably related to the increased ionic strength of the incubation medium. However, at concentrations of monovalent cations that resulted in a 2- to 3-fold stimulation of proteolysis of Azocoll, divalent metal ions caused a 24 (magnesium) to 46-(calcium) fold increase in proteolytic activity. We suggest that the divalent metal ion binds to acrosin and thus increases the proteolytic activity of acrosin to an extent greater than that due to the increased ionic strength of the incubation medium. PMID- 7019428 TI - Effect of an oestrogen antagonist on implantation and uterine leucylnaphthylamidase activity in the ovariectomized hamster. AB - CI-628 citrate, an oestrogen antagonist, instilled into the uterine lumen of ovariectomized, progesterone-treated hamsters on Day 3 of pregnancy completely prevented implantations. Normal implantations occurred in the contralateral uterine horn which was pierced by a needle and in horns into which saline was instilled. There was less activity of lysosomal leucylnaphthylamidase in implantation sites than in inter-implantation sites and in the tissues of the CI 628 citrate-treated horns. PMID- 7019429 TI - Studies on leakage of enzymes from washed bull and ram spermatozoa. AB - Washing of bull and ram spermatozoa resulted in significant losses of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) from the cell suspensions. Re-suspension of washed bull spermatozoa caused an immediate release of enzymes from the cells. Preincubation of washed ram spermatozoa with 0.025% formaldehyde increased GPI levels but decreased LDH concentration in the extracellular fluid while hexokinase release was unaffected. Varying the incubation temperature between 20 and 37 degrees C affected extracellular LDH and GPI levels. It is suggested that enzyme release from spermatozoa may occur in the absence of any apparent cellular damage. PMID- 7019431 TI - The influence of anti-zona and anti-sperm antibodies on sperm--egg interactions. AB - Anti-zona antibodies are effective inhibitors of fertilization in vitro and, regardless of whether passive or active immunization techniques are used, in vivo. Antibodies raised against unfractionated zona pellucida antigens are chiefly directed against a group of carbohydrate-rich components localized on the outer surface of the zona. The interaction of anti-zona antibodies with these sites induces the formation of a surface precipitate which occludes the sperm binding sites by a process of steric hindrance, and stabilizes the zona structure against digestion by the proteolytic enzymes of the sperm head. Active immunization studies indicate that the long-term induction of infertility without adverse side effects is feasible in both laboratory rodents and primates when the zona pellucida is used as a target. Anti-sperm antibodies also exhibit a capacity for inhibiting fertilization in vivo and in vitro. To determine the most appropriate detection method to screen patients for anti-sperm antibodies several homologous and heterologous antisera were analysed by 5 different agglutination and immobilization techniques and then compared for their ability to inhibit the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa using the zona-free hamster egg penetration test. The results obtained with the Franklin--Dukes tube--slide test exhibited the closest correlation with the anti-fertility activity of a given antiserum; this activity could be amplified by the addition of complement to the medium. It is concluded that antibodies directed against the sperm head are responsible for limiting the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro and that it is these antibodies of which attention should be focused to unravel the role that immunological factors play in the aetiology of infertility in vivo. PMID- 7019430 TI - Analysis of maternal effects on development in mammals. PMID- 7019432 TI - The role of embryology in teratological research, with particular reference to the development of the neural tube and heart. PMID- 7019433 TI - Origin of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and the possibility of their direct isolation into tissue culture. PMID- 7019434 TI - Parent--offspring relations in man. PMID- 7019435 TI - Prospective carbohydrate metabolism studies in women using a low-estrogen oral contraceptive for one year. AB - Three-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were done before and after one year of use of a low-estrogen-type oral contraceptive (OC) in 14 women. The drug contained 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg norethindrone. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured. During the year there were no significant changes in the subjects' weights, whereas their blood pressures decreased. The results showed a significance decrease in the fasting blood glucose level after one year for women with a "normal" control test while the remainder of the values remained unchanged. For women with a "borderline" abnormal control test there was a significant decrease in the two-hour glucose level. There were no significant changes in the plasma insulin levels. These results confirm that this low estrogen-type oral contraceptive produces minimal changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of users. PMID- 7019437 TI - Role of campylobacter spp. in human and animal disease: a review. PMID- 7019438 TI - Computed tomography in testicular disease: a review. PMID- 7019436 TI - Developments in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy: a review. PMID- 7019440 TI - Anti-gliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7019439 TI - Endogenous opioids and pain: a review. PMID- 7019441 TI - Moynihan needle - surgeon's choice. PMID- 7019442 TI - Studies on feline babesiosis. I. Historical review. PMID- 7019444 TI - In memoriam Prof Dr W.O. Neitz. PMID- 7019443 TI - Experimental induction of bovine mastitis with human strains of group B streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae). AB - Intrapapillary deposition of 5-30 CFU of 6 separate human strains of Group B streptococci into 7 lactating quarters of 6 cows resulted in clinical mastitis in all. Identical streptococci were subsequently recovered from 6 of the affected quarters. Details of milk somatic cell counts, bacterial isolations and clinical findings are tabulated. The role of GBS in human medicine and the implications of proof that the bovine udder is susceptible to small numbers of GBS from human sources, are discussed. PMID- 7019445 TI - Group B streptococcus-comparison of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from humans and cows in the Republic of South Africa. AB - The serological and biochemical characteristics of 100 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from quarter mild of dairy cows and of 107 strains cultured from various sites of human patients, were determined and compared. All the isolates were CAMP-phenomenon and Na-hippurate positive, aesulin negative, fell into Lancefield's Group B and could be placed into one of the 6 recognised serotypes. No human isolates fell into type R but for the rest all the other types were represented in the series of bovine and human cultures. In order of frequency, the human isolates were of type III, II, Ib, X and Ia and the bovine of type II, X, III, Ia, Ib and R. Of the human and bovine cultures respectively, 34 and 96% altered litmus milk, 30 and 100% were sensitive to bacitracin, 32 and 4% were pathogenic to mice, 82 and 93% reduced the ultimate pH of glucose broth to 4,2-4,8, 36 and 100% fermented lactose, 93 and 99% salicin and 94 and 79% trehalose. Concerning the combination of lactose/salicin fermentation, 35 and 95% of bovine and human isolates were , 0 and 5% were , 59 and 0% were -/=nd 7 and 0% were -/-. Data are summarised in 5 tables and discussed against the background of reports from other countries. It appears that a proportion of the human infections concern organisms likely to have been derived from bovine sources, either directly or indirectly. Definite classification of South African GBS into either human or animal strains does not seem possible. It is concluded that it would be more correct to refer to the source of an isolate instead of inferring that because the organism was primarily cultured from, say human resources, it is necessarily a human "strain'. PMID- 7019446 TI - An approach to the elucidation of metabolic breakdown products of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). We have synthesized fragments 2-10 and successfully separated all ten metabolites and LH-RH by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a muBondapak C18 column. In a test of the viability of the method, cochromatography of fragments 1-10 and LH-RH with the products of chymotryptic digestion of tritiated LH-RH showed radioactive peaks corresponding to the expected products, fragments 3 and 5. Analysis of the products of incubation of a rat kidney homogenate supernatant with LH-RH showed fragments 1-4 and LH-RH. The finding of breakdown at position 4 uncovers a new site of LH-RH breakdown and points the way to the design of potential LH-RH antagonists and agonists where the 4 position would be substituted with unnatural amino acids to prevent breakdown. PMID- 7019448 TI - pH dependence of stability of the wild-type tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit and two mutant proteins (Glu49 replaced by Met or Gln). PMID- 7019447 TI - Differences between the events preceding spina bifida and anencephaly. AB - It is usually held that there is a time continuum in the formation of monoxygotic (MZ) twins which is indexed by their placentation, running from dichorionic to monochorionic diamniotic to monochorionic monoamniotic and conjoined pairs. There is good evidence that this continuum is characterised by a continuum of predisposition to anencephaly, slightly raised in dichorionic pairs but very high in some sorts of conjoined pairs. Although MZ twins, especially monoamniotic and conjoined pairs, are peculiarly liable to anencephaly, they are not particularly susceptible to spina bifida. Among twin pairs concordant for anencephaly or spina bifida, there are strikingly few concordant in the sense of one twin having anencephaly and the other spina bifida, in contrast with the numbers of pairs concordant for the same malformation. The prevalence of anencephaly in double monsters varies with the type of monster, being high in diprosopus. These findings may be explained by the timing of embryonic events. PMID- 7019449 TI - Neutral-alkaline proteolytic activity in rat cardiac muscle cells. PMID- 7019451 TI - Part 1. The philosophy of the overlay prosthesis. Terminal dental arches restored with implants and overlay restorations. PMID- 7019450 TI - Evolutionary sequence divergence within repeated DNA families of higher plant genomes. II. Analysis of thermal denaturation. AB - An assay based on derivative analysis of thermal denaturation (melting) behavior of reassociated DNA was developed in an attempt to characterize the sequence relationships in repeated DNA families according to the homogeneous or heterogeneous models of Bendich and Anderson (1977). The validity of the technique was confirmed by the use of deaminated Escherichia coli DNA models for repetitive families. The melting data for DNA reassociated at two different temperatures provided strong evidence that Pisum sativum repeated families are mostly heterogeneous, while homogeneous families predominate in Vigna radiata. These findings, together with other differences between the two genomes, suggest that the rate of sequence amplification has been higher in the evolutionary history of Pisum DNA. A general trend seems to exist for high amplification rates in large, highly repetitive plant genomes such as Pisum and lower rates in smaller plant genomes such as Vigna, as well as in the generally smaller, less repetitive genomes of most animal species. PMID- 7019452 TI - Mayan dental wonders. PMID- 7019453 TI - Successful management of heart rupture from blunt trauma. AB - Seven patients with cardiac rupture from blunt trauma were encountered at the University Hospital, University of Alabama School of Medicine, in a 15-year period. Five of seven patients survived, including three with left atrial injuries and one each with right ventricular and left ventricular injuries. Useful diagnostic features included systolic hypotension, distended neck veins, and elevated central venous pressures. Associated injuries averaged four per patient. Successful management demands a high index of suspicion of cardiac injury, prompt diagnosis, and immediate median sternotomy. After repair of the heart the incision should usually be extended to allow exploratory laparotomy. PMID- 7019454 TI - A prospective analysis of silver sulfadiazine with and without cerium nitrate as a topical agent in the treatment of severely burned children. AB - Previous studies have indicated that combining cerium nitrate with silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene, Marion Labs) yields a superior topical agent for the treatment of burns. Cerium nitrate in silver sulfadiazine was tested in a controlled study with silver sulfadiazine alone. The study population consisted of two groups of children suffering burns greater than 30% of the body surface. The patients ranged in size from 1 to 21 years. The study period was for the first 10 weeks of hospitalization. Quantitative surface cultures were used to monitor burn wound flora. No superiority for the silver sulfadiazine-cerium nitrate combination was demonstrated. In fact, cultures indicate a significantly greater percentage of Gram-negative pathogens in patients treated with the cerium mixture. Cerium nitrate could possibly prove of greatest benefit if used as a reserve therapy for colonizing organisms which do not routinely respond to silver sulfadiazine. PMID- 7019455 TI - Present urological treatment of spinal cord injury patients. PMID- 7019456 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension secondary to renal trauma. PMID- 7019457 TI - Renal autotransplantation in the treatment of hypertensive disease associated with unilateral renal artery stenosis. AB - Renal autotransplantation was performed on 15 subjects with renovascular hypertensive disease owing to unilateral renal artery stenosis. Kidney survival was achieved in 14 cases. Followup for a minimum of 6 months showed 50 per cent of the patients to be cured, 28 per cent improved and 22 per cent unchanged according to the criteria described herein. There was an 85 per cent cure rate among a subgroup of patients less than 35 years old, with less than 20 months of hypertension and non-atherosclerotic lesions. Plasma renin assay was not found to be a good prognostic indicator as reported previously. In our hands the method showed only a 70 per cent correlation with the final results. Non-atherosclerotic lesions had a better prognosis. PMID- 7019458 TI - Prevention of recurrent urinary infections in women: a comparative trial between nitrofurantoin and methenamine hippurate. AB - We treated 99 female patients suffering from recurrent urinary infections with either 1 gm. methenamine hippurate every 12 hours or 50 mg. nitrofurantoin every 12 hours for intervals of up to 1 year. Monthly microbiological and clinical surveillance was done. Both treatments were effective in reducing the incidence of symptomatic attacks, with nitrofurantoin being more effective. The protective effect of prophylaxis continued after treatment had stopped, suggesting that a permanent beneficial action had been produced. Especially during the first month of treatment methenamine hippurate was tolerated better than nitrofurantoin: 28 per cent discontinued therapy with the latter owing to nausea. PMID- 7019459 TI - Effect of ingestion of meat on plasma cholesterol of vegetarians. AB - In a controlled trial, 21 strict vegetarians were studied prospectively for eight weeks: a two-week control period of the usual vegetarian diet was followed by four weeks, during which 250 g of beef was added isocalorically to the daily vegetarian diet and then by two weeks of the control diet. Plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol did not change during the study, whereas plasma total cholesterol rose significantly by 19% at the end of the meat-eating period. Systolic blood pressure (BP) increased significantly during the meat eating by 3% over control values, whereas diastolic BP showed no major changes. Plasma renin activity, prostaglandin A and E levels, and urinary kallikrein, norepinephrine, and epinephrine excretions were within normal limits and did not change notably throughout the trial. The study suggests an adverse effect of consumption of beef on plasma lipid and BP levels. PMID- 7019461 TI - Can we halt sudden cardiac death? PMID- 7019462 TI - Renal transplants aided by donor-specific transfusions. PMID- 7019460 TI - Jean Casimir Felix Guyon. PMID- 7019463 TI - Headache mechanisms. PMID- 7019464 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 7019465 TI - Max Simon Sudfeld. PMID- 7019466 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7019467 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics and dog bite wounds. PMID- 7019468 TI - Long-term insulin treatment in two nondiabetic patients. PMID- 7019469 TI - Albert Michelson. PMID- 7019470 TI - Eye banks and eye donations. PMID- 7019471 TI - Gonococcal tenosynovitis-dermatitis and septic arthritis. PMID- 7019472 TI - S. Weir Mitchell and Oliver Wendell Holmes. A friendship and poetic tribute. PMID- 7019473 TI - Failure of Chloroquine prophylaxis in Plasmodium falciparum from East Africa. PMID- 7019474 TI - Malaria: are we prepared? PMID- 7019475 TI - [Sensitivity of group B Streptococcus to various antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Group B Streptococcus was isolated from the clinical materials of the patients examined in the Kobe Central Municipal Hospital, in 1974 to 1979. 1. Clinical isolates were all resistant to bacitracin. 2. Serotypes of 19 isolates were type III in 12 strains, Ia in 3, Ic in 2 and untypable in 2. 3. The MICs were determined to 15 antibiotics, and the results showed that penicillin G was the best and in the order of decreasing potency, cefotaxime, ampicillin, ceftizoxime and cefoperazone. 4. Compared with group A Streptococcus, the sensitivity of group B Streptococcus to penicillin G and ampicillin was inferior by 2 to 3 tubes. 5. Based on the above results, the significance of the cephalosporin antibiotic of the third generation, particularly cefotaxime, was evaluated in the treatment of infectious diseases of the newborn infants. PMID- 7019476 TI - [Myocardial infarct and cardiac sudden death. 1. Present status of primary prevention of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7019477 TI - [Exercise testing in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7019478 TI - [Coronary care unit: prevention of extension of the infarct lesion]. PMID- 7019479 TI - [Myocardial infarct: secondary prevention with drugs and their effects]. PMID- 7019480 TI - [Coffee, alcohol and cigarette consumption and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7019481 TI - [Sports and cardiogenic sudden death]. PMID- 7019482 TI - [Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7019483 TI - [Parasitic forms of pathogenic fungi]. PMID- 7019484 TI - [Fungal allergy]. PMID- 7019485 TI - [Chemistry, action and pathogenic significance of fungal toxins]. PMID- 7019486 TI - [Visceral candidiasis: clinical studies]. PMID- 7019487 TI - [Candidiasis and immunologic deficiency]. PMID- 7019488 TI - [Serological reactions in pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7019489 TI - [Recent trends in studies on granulomatous diseases]. PMID- 7019490 TI - [Recent trends in the experiments of genetic recombination]. PMID- 7019491 TI - [Clinico-medical application of stable isotopes -- improvement of medical instruments and trends in the supply of labeling compounds]. PMID- 7019492 TI - [Water-electrolyte imbalance--paraneoplastic syndromes---statistics and etiological mechanism]. PMID- 7019493 TI - [Abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism--paraneoplastic syndromes-- statistics and etiological mechanism]. PMID- 7019494 TI - [Dic, thrombophlebitis--paraneoplastic syndromes---statistics and etiological mechanism]. PMID- 7019495 TI - [Basic fetoprotein as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7019496 TI - [Isoferritin as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7019497 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7019498 TI - [Prostaglandins as tumor marker]. PMID- 7019499 TI - [Polyamine as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7019500 TI - [Demyelinating diseases among the Japanese--with special reference to multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7019501 TI - [Recent findings on diabetes mellitus: classification, background and etiology]. PMID- 7019502 TI - [Hypertension and stroke: examination of risk factors]. PMID- 7019503 TI - [Hypertension and stroke: patient compliance]. PMID- 7019504 TI - [Present status of antilipemic agents]. PMID- 7019505 TI - [Lipid metabolism and the arterial wall]. PMID- 7019506 TI - [Significance of anti-platelet agents]. PMID- 7019507 TI - [Generation, differentiation and functions of cells responsible for immune reactions]. PMID- 7019508 TI - [The determination of anticonvulsant drug levels in blood by enzyme immunoassay: method and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019509 TI - [Studies on the determination of maltose by maltase-glucose oxidase method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019510 TI - [Automatic ECG diagnosis of WPW syndrome--development of a new method delta wave recognition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019511 TI - [Organ culture studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of bullous pemphigoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019512 TI - [Effect of perfusion of hypertonic glucose, amino acids, oleic acid and pancreatic enzymes into the upper jejunum on exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019513 TI - [Experimental study of endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation using paired bipolar electrode (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019514 TI - [Toxicity and dose-response (effect) relationship of n-hexane (author's transl)]. AB - A large amount of n-hexane is being widely used in industry as a solvent or a component of the mixed solvents for extraction of vegetable oils, adhesives, paints, and for cleaning, etc. And, many cases of polyneuropathy due to n-hexane have been reported up to now. Recently, studies on the neurotoxicity and metabolism of n-hexane rapidly progressed in many countries. The present review covers clinical signs and symptoms, pathological changes, metabolism, dose response (effect) in acute exposure, glue or thinner sniffers, workers, animal experiments. The joint effects and the maximal allowable concentration of n hexane are also briefly discussed. PMID- 7019515 TI - [Renin-dependent hypertension in a case with a giant renal artery aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019517 TI - [History of biology and the current status of molecular biology]. PMID- 7019516 TI - [Renal handling of acid and bicarbonate in living donor transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019519 TI - [Local treatment of severe burns]. PMID- 7019518 TI - [Progress in life science and humanity--historical changes in the ideological background and the present status of life science]. PMID- 7019520 TI - [Problems in literature search in nursing. A discussion]. PMID- 7019521 TI - [Keypoints in literature search. Conference]. PMID- 7019522 TI - [Significance of literature search]. PMID- 7019523 TI - [Systematic literature search method in nursing research]. PMID- 7019524 TI - [On participating in the tour of the "Areas Related to Nightingale" (2)]. PMID- 7019526 TI - [Flow cytometry in urinary tract malignancies. I. Cytological diagnosis by DNA histogram of exfoliative cells in bladder cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019525 TI - [Plasma renin activity in stroke-prone and -resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats: relationship to some antihypertensive drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019527 TI - Preliminary application of a formalin fixed tissue section to the indirect fluorescent antibody test and intraoval precipitin reaction for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. PMID- 7019528 TI - Howard Bancroft Andervont 1898-1981. PMID- 7019529 TI - Structure, functional changes, and proliferative pathology of the human mammary lobule in cancerous breasts. AB - The mammary glandular tree of 50 human female breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy was studied by subgross analysis in whole thin slices, a method that allowed a three-dimensional appraisal of the glandular structures, with removal of interesting or suspicious changes for histology. The glandular tree was more often atrophic (70%) than "adenosic" (righ in mammary lobules, 30%). Many physiopathologic changes were observed, mainly in the lobular area. Abnormal lobules were categorized by type on the basis of size, sensitivity to hormones, stroma, architecture, pattern of epithelial proliferation, cell type, and cell grading. The functional and minor lobular changes (atrophic, sclerotic, hyperplastic, and cystic) were frequent and, as expected, unevenly distributed between adenosic and atrophic breasts. The proliferative lobular changes (including atypical lobules with epithelial proliferation and metaplastic or apocrine lobules with epithelial proliferation) were also frequent but evenly distributed in adenosic (51%) or atrophic (46%) breasts. Intrinsic or extrinsic epithelial proliferation often caused unfolding or lengthening of the lobular structures with deviation of lobular architecture toward ductlike formations. The cells of proliferative changes ranged from typical cells to the anaplastic cells of in situ carcinomas. Independent microscopic foci of infiltrating cancer were found in 20% of either adenosic or atrophic breasts. PMID- 7019530 TI - Regulation of tumor invasion by cartilage-derived anti-invasion factor in vitro. AB - The resistance of cartilage to tumor invasion was studied with the use of a novel in vitro culture system. Articular cartilage obtained from fresh metacarpophalangeal joints of preadolescent bovines was used as a growth surface for human TE-85 osteosarcoma cells and foreskin fibroblasts. Cartilage disks formed the bottoms of stainless-steel cylinders, providing closed growth chambers for these cells. Both invasive osteosarcoma cells and normal fibroblasts were unable to penetrate viable, unextracted cartilage during a 2-week culture period. When cartilage was devitalized by freezing and thawing, the tissue remained resistant to invasion. Cartilage, extracted with either 1 or 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, was invaded by osteosarcoma cells, but not by control fibroblasts. Invasion by osteosarcoma cells into salt-extracted cartilage was abolished when low concentrations of a cartilage-derived, anti-invasion factor were added to the culture medium. These data provided evidence that the resistance of cartilage to tumor invasion is regulated in part by tissue-derived proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 7019531 TI - The Albright syndrome associated with acromegaly: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - The association of the Albright syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, hyperpigmented skin macules, and endocrine disorders) with acromegaly has been infrequently substantiated. The case of an 18-year-old girl with the classic Albright syndrome and acromegaly is described. The patient had a history of coarsening of acral and facial features, an insulin-resistant form of diabetes mellitus and elevated fasting growth hormone values. Neuro-endocrine studies demonstrated failure of growth hormone to suppress to less than 5 ng/ml during an oral glucose tolerance test, and the abnormal release of growth hormone upon injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Although L-dopa failed to decrease growth hormone levels, bromocriptine produced a modest decline in growth hormone within two hours of ingestion. The patient had also experienced secondary amenorrhea with sub-normal follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, both of which demonstrated a prolonged sluggish response to an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); this response suggested hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, possibly on the basis of a tumor involving both pituitary and hypothalamus. Sellar polytomography demonstrated an enlarged sella with dorsal erosion and an asymmetric floor. Computerized tomography of the brain visualized a suprasellar mass extending into the hypothalamus. These findings suggest a hypersecretion of hypothalamic releasing factors, pituitary hormones, or both as an etiology for the endocrinopathy in this patient, and lend support to the theory that the endocrinopathies associated with the Albright syndrome result from over-production of hypothalamic-releasing hormones or autonomous secretion of pituitary hormones from an adenoma. PMID- 7019532 TI - Johns Hopkins and yellow fever: a story of tragedy and triumph. PMID- 7019533 TI - Metronidazole. PMID- 7019534 TI - [Changes in nursing during the 30 years after the war]. PMID- 7019535 TI - [The early days of modern nursing in Japan - the Kyoto School of Nursing]. PMID- 7019537 TI - [Electrophysiological changes in different layers of the ventricular wall of a dog caused by 60-minute coronary artery ligation and reperfusion. I. Studies of extracellular potentials in situ]. PMID- 7019536 TI - [Memorial service for the late Miss Natsue Inoue, the first president of the Japanese Nursing Association]. PMID- 7019538 TI - [Genetically determined arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7019539 TI - [Changes in the insulin allowance in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7019540 TI - [Monographs and collections of works on cardiology]. PMID- 7019541 TI - [Sport exertion tolerance in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 7019542 TI - [Abnormal theta rhythm and its clinical relations]. PMID- 7019543 TI - [Restorative operation after mastectomy for cancer (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7019544 TI - [Plastic operations in total absence of the sphincter apparatus of the large intestine (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7019545 TI - [Aleksandr Gustavovich Smitten (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7019546 TI - [Effect of tissue pressure on restoration of the integrity of injured tendons]. PMID- 7019547 TI - [Use of hypoglycemic sulfanilamide preparations in surgical injuries and operative interventions in diabetic patients]. PMID- 7019549 TI - [Invagination anastomoses]. PMID- 7019548 TI - [Importance of presensitization and the morphological characteristics of rejection in repeated kidney transplants]. PMID- 7019551 TI - [Comparative study over a 1- to 4-year period of 3 hernioplasty technics]. PMID- 7019550 TI - [Immunofluorescent study of protoscolices in the capsula fibrosa in hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 7019553 TI - [Circulating blood volume changes in endotoxic shock in rabbits]. PMID- 7019552 TI - [Surgical treatment of periurethral adenoma with a removable Z-shaped suture on the adenoma bed]. PMID- 7019554 TI - [The liver in septic endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7019555 TI - [Interrelation of diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery and capillary pressure in the lung in left ventricular insufficiency]. PMID- 7019556 TI - [Self-amputation of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis caused by mixed (aerobic and anaerobic) flora]. PMID- 7019557 TI - [Glaucomatous visual fields--analysis of octopus observations with statistical material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019558 TI - [Experiences in a double-blind study with different concentrations of timolol and pilocarpine (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma were studied in a double-blind study with Timolol ophthalmic solution, in a concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%, and Pilocarpine eye drops 1%, 2% and 4% over a period of seventeen weeks. Timolol was instilled twice daily into the conjunctival sack, or Pilocarpine four times daily. The results of the investigations may be summarised as follows: Timolol (0.1%-0.5%) achieved a mode-rate reduction in I.O.P. of 29%, compared to a 10.3% drop with Pilocarpine (1%-4%). Under treatment with Timolol, there was a statistically significant reduction in pulse rate of 12%, also a slight drop in blood-pressure of 3.5% systolic and 2.5% diastolic. During this study, those treated with Timolol showed no statistical changes of visual acuity, visual field, or on slit lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy of the optic disk and retina. The average pupillary diameter and tear flow (Schirmer Test), were little changed in the group of patients treated with Timolol, whereas in the Pilocarpine group, the size of the pupil decreased by 30.5% as expected. PMID- 7019559 TI - [Is a microscope essential in cataract surgery? (author's transl)]. AB - For many ophthalmic surgical procedures a well-equipped operating microscope is indispensable. However, it is not necessary to use the microscope routinely in the removal of normal senile cataracts. While there are advantages, particularly as regards accurate suture placement, there are also disadvantages. PMID- 7019560 TI - [Results of long-term treatment of glaucoma with timolol ophthalmic solution (author's transl)]. AB - A previous double-blind study carried out for 17 weeks on 50 patients with open angle glaucoma reported on the results of treatment with Timolol and Pilocarpine eye drops. On completion of a long-term study with Timolol over a two-year period, the remaining findings can now be given. Of the 25 patients treated twice a day with 0.1% to 0.5% Timolol eye drops, intraocular pressure was not adequately controlled in six patients with the use of Timolol alone, and treatment had to be discontinued after three to five weeks. In the remaining 19 patients, intraocular pressure was controlled well over the entire two-year period, but in some cases it was necessary after a while to increase the dosage to a higher concentration. The following checks were carried out regularly in accordance with a fixed schedule: intraocular pressure, tonographic examination, visual acuity, pupil size, visual field, pulse and blood pressure, tear production (Schirmer test), slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundaloscopy. Evaluation of the results shows that in the long term Timolol reduced intraocular pressure by 31%. There were no changes in visual acuity, visual field, excavation and degeneration of the optic disc, or slit lamp examination findings. During treatment with Timolol the mean pulse rate decreased by 12%, and there was a drop in blood pressure of 3.8% systolic and 2.8% diastolic. Moreover, tear production decreased by 10.2%. During the entire observation period there were no local or systemic side-effects, nor any adverse reaction. The six patients whose intraocular pressure was not reduced satisfactorily by Timolol alone were treated successfully with a combination of Timolol and miotics. A dosage without additional Timolol would not have sufficed for any of the patients. PMID- 7019561 TI - [Lymphomatous optic neuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Seven cases of involvement of the optic nerve in malignant lymphoma are reported. These may be classified into two types according to the type of optic nerve lesion, i.e., orbital and intracranial lymphomatous optic neuropathy. Characteristic ocular symptoms in cases of orbital lymphomatous optic neuropathy are as follows: 1) rapidly progressive exophthalmos, 2) symptoms similar to orbital phlegmone, 3) rapidly progressing and marked impairment of vision with central scotoma, and 4) recovery of visual function after treatment. Ocular symptoms in cases of intracranial lymphomatous optic neuropathy are as follows: 1) as an initial symptom, cranial nerve palsy, 2) subsequently, rapidly progressing impairment of vision and 3) after unilateral impairment of vision, bilateral impairment within a few weeks. -- Furthermore, the causes of impaired vision are discussed with reference to histopathological findings in the two autopsy cases. PMID- 7019562 TI - Treatment of acute pulmonary failure by CPAP via face mask: when can intubation be avoided? AB - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used frequently to improve gas exchange in acute pulmonary failure. We investigated clinical and respiratory variables in 98 patients presenting with two or more of the classical criteria for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. CPAP applied by a face mask was efficient in 60 cases. Posttraumatic and postoperative pulmonary problems responded better to this therapy than lung dysfunction secondary to left heart failure, sepsis or pneumonia. Abundant expectorations, discoordination of respiratory movements and an increase in arterial carbon dioxide were frequently associated with failure of CPAP by mask and the necessity of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7019565 TI - Ureolytic and urease-activating properties of commercial laboratory animal bedding. AB - Five types of commercial laboratory animal bedding were assessed for endogenous ureolytic activity using a sensitive method which measures the rate of evolution of 14C-carbon dioxide from 14C-urea. On a weight basis, the highest levels of urease activity were found in heat-treated hardwood chips and a regular grade of crushed corncobs. A deodorant-treated type of crushed corncobs had a moderately high level of activity, while pelleted corncobs and pelleted alfalfa were almost devoid of urease activity. A heat-stable activator of bacterial urease was found in hardwood chips and crushed corncobs. PMID- 7019566 TI - Monocytes in human glomerulonephritis. An electron microscopic study. AB - Recent studies in experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) suggest that the monocyte is involved in the clearance of detritus and deposits from glomeruli. Whether this concept applies to human GN is unclear because of the paucity of studies in this area. Histochemical evaluation of more than 300 human renal biopsies disclosed eight cases of diffuse proliferative GN which demonstrated relatively large numbers of intraglomerular nonspecific esterase-positive cells. The diagnoses included GN associated with mixed essential cryoglobulinemia (three cases), diffuse lupus GN (three cases), and idiopathic diffuse proliferative GN (two cases). Electron microscopy disclosed extensive deposition of electron-dense material along glomerular basement membranes. Monocytes were present within capillary lumina, were usually associated with visible deposits, and often insinuated themselves between endothelium and the deposits so as to abut the deposits directly. The cells showed evidence of maturation (activation). The contents of the secondary lysosomes were generally similar in structure and density to neighboring deposits, especially in one case in which the deposits had an organized structure. The findings suggest that these monocytes are involved in the clearance of deposits from the glomerulus. PMID- 7019567 TI - Clinical trial with CIBA 1906 in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Drug trial with CIBA 1906 was conducted in 50 cases of lepromatous leprosy who were intolerant to dapsone therapy. Drug was tolerated well and lepra reactions were infrequent and mild. Clinical improvement was seen in 72% cases whereas no appreciable change was detected in 28% cases. An average reduction of 0.4 in BI was detected in 62% cases, while remaining cases did not show any reduction in BI. No significant side effects were encountered during the study. Antibacterial activity of CIBA 1906 was not found superior to dapsone. PMID- 7019563 TI - [Stress, emotion and hypertension: the integrative role of central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - In current literature stress is assumed to be of important factor in the multifactorial pathogenesis of hypertension. The cardiovascular response might be dependent on the type and severity of stressors, the complexity of stress reaction and the ability of man to counteract stress. In this review the concept of stress, its nature and the participation of the central nervous system are elucidated. The role of emotion is also discussed, as well as a connection to stress mechanisms. The sympathetic nervous system acts as link between stress and hypertension, especially borderline-hypertension. Based on various experimental models as well as epidemiological investigations the hypothesis that stress is a causative factor in the initiation of hypertension is critically discussed. In patients with a genetic predisposition to hypertension, stress may play an important role in early manifestations of chronic blood pressure elevation, and in established hypertension, however, psychological stress contributes to temporary or longer lasting increases of blood pressure. PMID- 7019569 TI - Response to Gandour. PMID- 7019564 TI - Evidence for the participation of proteases on protein catabolism during hypercatabolic renal failure. AB - In ultrafiltrated plasma (molecular weight less than 50,000) obtained from four patients with multiple muscular trauma and acute post-traumatic renal failure, it was possible to verify a subcomponential specific digestion of the subunits alpha and gamma of phosphorylase kinase isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The activity of free proteolytic enzymes in ultrafiltrated plasma as well as an increase of plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin values were correlated with the severity and unfavourable course of the illness. In contrast, the plasma levels of alpha 2 macroglobulin were drastically lowered. The mean total protein concentration in the sera of patients with post-traumatic ARF was lowered, whereas the mean ultrafiltrate protein concentration was significantly enhanced. In ultrafiltrated plasma of two patients with hyperuricaemic ARF, three patients with ARF after drug over-dosage, one patient with acute pancreatic necrosis combined with acute renal failure and one patient with chronic pancreatitis, no proteolytic activity could be detected using phosphorylase kinase as substrate. Studies on the trypsin binding capacity of the plasma protease inhibitors revealed a significantly lowered level in patients with post-traumatic acute renal failure as compared to healthy controls, patients with chronic renal insufficiency and patients on regular dialysis treatment Proteolytic activity was found in ca. 100-fold concentrated diafiltrates (molecular weight greater than 10,000) of patients on regular dialysis treatment. Our data suggest a participation of proteases on protein catabolism in hypercatabolic states. Whilst the blood coagulation system can largely be excluded as a source of proteases, it is possible that proteolytic enzymes may be released from muscle lysosomes and/or macrophages after multiple muscular trauma. PMID- 7019568 TI - A comparison of experiential and observational approaches for enhancing the interpersonal communication skills of speech-language pathology students. AB - The effects of two short-term interpersonal skills training approaches on the verbal behavior of student speech-language pathologists were evaluated during peer interviews. Students who had participated in an experiential program in which they practiced specific verbal skills used significantly more verbal behaviors thought to facilitate a helping relationship than did students whose training had consisted of observing and analyzing these verbal skills in clinical interactions. Comparisons with results of previous research suggest that length of training may be a crucial variable as students appear to need considerable time and practice to master the complex skills necessary for interpersonal effectiveness. PMID- 7019570 TI - Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum: the influence of experimental diabetes. PMID- 7019571 TI - Continent ileostomy in dogs. An experimental study of ileal pouches using a simple prosthetic valve. PMID- 7019572 TI - Endpoint detection of heterotopic grafted rat hearts using an implanted transmitter. PMID- 7019573 TI - Allen S. Edmonson, M.D. PMID- 7019574 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the insulin receptor in H4 hepatoma cells: lack of cellular receptor processing. AB - Photoaffinity labeling techniques were used to identify insulin-binding components of the plasma membrane in insulin-responsive, monolayer-cultured hepatoma cells. The activated, photosensitive reagent, an n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoic acid, was coupled with highly purified insulin, and the hormone derivative was subsequently iodinated, bound to cell surface receptors of intact H4 cells, and photoactivated. Ater dissolution of the cells, labeled proteins were analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The main labeled band exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. Two minor components of apparent mol wt 95,000 and 40,000 were also identified. Specific labeling of all 3 bands was inhibited by simultaneous incubation of the cells with native insulin, but not by the heterologous hormone, glucagon, prior to photoactivation. Binding of azidobenzoyl insulin to H4 cells was time-dependent, as was the correlated labeling of receptor components. Band labeling by the photosensitive insulin derivative was totally light-dependent; spontaneous covalent linking of insulin and receptor was not observed. The labeled receptor-related proteins were not degraded by the cells under our experimental conditions. PMID- 7019575 TI - Stimulatory activity of PHA-LCM for normal human hemopoietic progenitors and leukemic blast cell precursors: separation by isoelectric focusing. AB - Medium conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) promotes growth of human hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, CFU-C) and precursors of leukemic blast cells. PHA-LCM was separated by isoelectric focusing and each fraction tested with nonadherent cells of normal individuals as well as blast cells from two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Activity profiles for CFU-GEMM, BFU-E and CFU-C ranged form pH 5.0-6.5. The profile for activity stimulatory for leukemic blast cells was broader and ranged from pH 5.5-7.5. Although some overlap was observed, the main peaks of stimulatory activity for normally differentiating progenitors and precursors of leukemic blast cells were separable with respect to their isoelectric point. PMID- 7019576 TI - A new principle of specificity in anaerobic infections--mathematical model of mitosis-stimulated bacterial growth. The application of the tumor-tetanus phenomenon. PMID- 7019577 TI - The ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. AB - The Northern Cheyenne Indians of eastern Montana recognized at least 138 species of plants. The collection, preparation, utilization and names of these plants are described, and their role in Cheyenne culture for food, technology, medicine and religion are discussed. Cheyenne plant medicines, though combined with ritualistic healing practices, included the use of many herbal teas which they drank for internal problems, and powders and poultices which they applied externally; many of these were combined to form medicinal mixtures. Certain plants, believed to possess benevolent powers, were employed in various religious ceremonies. Though Cheyennes once cultivated crop plants, their more recent nomadic existence encouraged the use of wild food plants, especially fruits and roots which they sun-dried and stored for winter use. PMID- 7019578 TI - "Sugar bowls" (Clematis hirsutissima): a horse restorative of the Nez Perces. PMID- 7019579 TI - Ceramic evidence for prehistoric Datura use in North America. AB - Striking similarities in the details of the medicinal and ceremonial use of the genus Datura are known over a wide area in aboriginal North America, especially in the region extending from the Southwestern United States to Southern Mexico and Guatemala. Over this same geographical area there have been found a number of ceramic forms bearing a marked resemblance to the distinctive spiny fruit characteristic of the North American species of this genus. These so-called "spiked" or "hobnailed" ceramic forms are thought to represent objects that were associated with Datura use in pre-historic times, and the occurrence of these forms in archaeology sites may be of cultural/historical importance. PMID- 7019580 TI - A time for assessment. PMID- 7019581 TI - Persistent stenosis and deformity of the right pulmonary artery after correction of the Waterston anastomosis. AB - Between July, 1975, and July, 1979, 16 patients with cyanotic heart disease and previously constructed ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery (AA-RPA) shunts underwent subsequent operations. Fourteen of the 16 had significant physiological and anatomic problems associated with the shunts. Eight had kinking and preferential flow to the right pulmonary artery (RPA), four had preferential flow without kinking, and two had small pulmonary arteries bilaterally. Various techniques were used to close the RPA after Waterston takedown: direct suture in four, pericardial patch in five, prosthetic patch in four, and conduit in three. Five patients required reoperation 3 months to 3 years after Waterston dismantling because of persistent deformity of the RPA. Four patients had pericardial patch reconstruction of the RPA and one had direct closure of the opening in the RPA when the Waterston shunt was dismantled. All five patients received prosthetic patch enlargment of the RPA either alone or with a conduit. The four surviving patients are doing well 7 to 15 months following repair. Three have been studied angiographically and have been found to have no pulmonary artery deformity. PMID- 7019582 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone and azathioprine on bronchial healing following lung autotransplantation. AB - The effect of low-dose immunosuppressive therapy upon the healing of the bronchial anastomosis and skin wound following lung autotransplantation was evaluated. Autotransplantation was performed in two groups of dogs: Group 1 (15 dogs) received no immunosuppression and Group 2 (13 dogs) received postoperative immunosuppression with methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg) and azathioprine (1.5 mg/kg). Two to four skin incisions 7 cm in length were made in the dorsal region of each dog. Dogs were put to death at 4, 9, 16, and 23 days postoperatively and the bronchial anastomoses and skin wounds were evaluated by breaking strength measurements. Bronchus and skin breaking strength increased with time in both groups. Bronchus breaking strength was similar in the two groups at day 4 and day 9. However, by day 23 bronchus breaking strength was significantly higher in Group 1 (p less than 0.001). Skin breaking strength was significantly higher in Group 1 on days 9 and 16 (p less than 0.005) and on day 23 (p less than 0.001). Our results suggest that low-dose methylprednisolone and azathioprine significantly affect the breaking strength of both bronchial anastomoses and healing skin incisions following canine lung autotransplantation. PMID- 7019583 TI - Increased prostacyclin and thromboxane production in man during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - To study the effect of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the productions of antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and proaggregatory thromboxane A2 (TxA2), we collected serial plasma samples from seven patients before, during, and after CPB and assayed them for 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha and thromboxane B2, the main metabolites of PGI2 and TxA2, respectively. The PGI2 production rose significantly (p less than 0.05) following cannulation of the large vessels and remained elevated during the CPB. After discontinuation of CPB, the PGI2 decreased progressively. The TxB2 production also rose during CPB, but later than the increase in PGI2. There was a significant correlation between 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha and TxB2 levels (r = 0.429, p less than 0.001, n = 77). Thus the deficient PGI2 production, or an imbalance between PGI2 and TxA2, does not seem to be responsible for the platelet loss during CPB. By contrast, the human body appears to be protected from platelet aggregation by a surge in endogenous PGI2 during CPB. PMID- 7019584 TI - Right ventricular bullet embolectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Victims of gunshot wounds may be noted to have bullets overlying the cardiac silhouette on roentgenogram. Direct cardiac penetration, bullet embolus to the heart, and missile proximity to the heart are all possibilities which must be differentiated. An unusual case of bullet embolism is presented in which thoracotomy was initially performed to rule out direct cardiac penetration. At the time of exploration, an intracardiac bullet embolus was fortuitously palpated and trapped within the apex of the right ventricle. Right ventriculotomy and embolectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass were performed to prevent retrograde or distal migration. PMID- 7019586 TI - [Instructions on the use of literature in modern nursing education]. PMID- 7019585 TI - [Human science. Religion (1). Religion as a psychological phenomenon--progress in religious psychology]. PMID- 7019588 TI - Analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites by radioimmunoassay and physicochemical methods. PMID- 7019587 TI - The evolution of ideas in prostaglandin research. PMID- 7019589 TI - Prostacyclin and hypertension. PMID- 7019590 TI - The interaction of anti-inflammatory drugs with arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 7019591 TI - The role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the regulation of platelet behaviour. PMID- 7019592 TI - Effect of peripheral versus portal venous administration of insulin on postprandial hyperglycemia and glucose turnover in alloxan-diabetic dogs. AB - The effects of peripheral venous and portal venous delivery of insulin by a closed-loop insulin infusion device (Biostator GCIIS) on postprandial hyperglycemia and rates of glucose appearance, disappearance, and clearance were compared in alloxan-diabetic dogs. The amounts of insulin required and the peripheral venous plasma insulin concentrations achieved were not different for the two routes of insulin administration. No statistically significant differences in postprandial hyperglycemia or patterns of glucose disposal were observed between the two routes of insulin delivery. These studies indicate that in terms of hepatic versus extrahepatic disposal of glucose, there appears to be no practical advantage of portal venous over peripheral venous administration of insulin when a closed-loop insulin infusion device is used. PMID- 7019593 TI - Model analysis of transcapillary exchange: the role of cyclotron produced isotopes in the study of the capillary permeability of substances. AB - The purpose of this paper is to review different models used in the interpretation of capillary permeability studies using tracer dilution methods, with special emphasis on the role of cyclotron-produced isotopes. The physical model is a simplified description of the biological system, and the mathematical formalism is a device by which the model and experimental data can be compared. If there is a correlation and the solution is unique and consistent, the model is considered acceptable. Capillaries--the end organs of the circulatory system--are physiologically important because they are the site for the exchange of materials (oxygen, glucose, waste products etc.). The positive and negative findings in radionuclide imaging studies are caused by changes in capillary permeability. The indicator diffusion methods have many advantages over the conventional compartmental analyses. The diffusion models take into account the normal histological structure of the tissue and it is possible to get information about both capillary and cellular physiology. Short-lived, cyclotron produced positron emitting radionuclides, carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18, are suitable for the study of transcapillary exchange. PMID- 7019594 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: a new tool for research and immunodiagnostics. AB - Monoclonal antibodies produced by continuous cultures of lymphocyte hybrids have brought a completely new dimension to immunology and immunochemistry. Antibodies that react specifically with differentiation markers on various cell types, with virus strains and even with highly cross-reactive HLA antigens are now available for diagnostic purposes as well as for research. PMID- 7019595 TI - [Current treatment of acute leukemias]. PMID- 7019596 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]. PMID- 7019597 TI - [Renal disease with glomerular involvement during Brucella infection (author's transl)]. AB - Renal involvement during Brucella infections has been known for several years, and its real frequency appears to be higher than initially suspected. This case report deals with a patient with positive blood cultures and seroagglutination to Brucella mellitensis who presented transitory renal failure, proteinuria, and macroscopic hematuria. Renal histopathology disclosed the existence of acute tubular necrosis, and the immunofluorescence study revealed the presence of mesangial deposits of immunoglobulins and complement. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of electron-dense paramesangial deposits. These data suggest that immunological mechanisms are implicated in the glomerular involvement of Brucella infections. PMID- 7019598 TI - [Rheumatoid factor]. PMID- 7019600 TI - Keratophakia and keratomileusis. PMID- 7019599 TI - [The effect of therapeutic diuresis in carbohydrate tolerance in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Carbohydrate tolerance was studied in ten patients with essential hypertension, both before and after one year of treatment with a diuretic: bumethanide. No significant differences were found in glucose and insulin values. Results show hyperglycemia aggravation to be minimal with bumethanide, although it is necessary to repeat determinations after several years of treatment as it has been demonstrated that hyperglycemia is aggravated in patients with essential hypertension after several years treatment with diuretics. PMID- 7019601 TI - 'The Coast' Hospital: remember when? PMID- 7019602 TI - Minor rules and regulations for the nursing staff circa 1930. PMID- 7019603 TI - Recollections. PMID- 7019605 TI - Looking back. PMID- 7019604 TI - We worked hard, but we enjoyed it! General nurse training in NSW--the first 50 years. PMID- 7019606 TI - United we tried. PMID- 7019607 TI - Origin of the NSW Nurses' Association. PMID- 7019608 TI - Glucose oxidation, glucose transport and insulin binding in isolated rat epididymal adipocytes in the presence of anesthetics. PMID- 7019610 TI - Control of gonadotrophic hormone release in trout: influence of synthetic LH-RH and LH-RH analogues in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7019609 TI - Action of imidazole-containing antifungal drugs. PMID- 7019611 TI - Plasma renin activity and urinary kallikrein excretion in lead-exposed workers as related to hypertension and nephropathy. PMID- 7019612 TI - The effect of barbiturates on the degradation of enkephalin by brain enzymes. PMID- 7019613 TI - Circadian rhythm of circulating glucose, insulin and growth hormone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7019614 TI - Modulation of abnormal growth by retinoids: a clinical perspective of the biological phenomenon. PMID- 7019616 TI - Augmentation by naloxone of efflux of LRF from superfused medial basal hypothalamus. PMID- 7019615 TI - The effect of the central iso-renin angiotensin system on pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II. PMID- 7019617 TI - Trazodone--a new antidepressant. PMID- 7019619 TI - [Automated discrimination of x-ray images]. PMID- 7019618 TI - Prostacyclin-induced hypothermia: involvement of central histamine H2-receptors. PMID- 7019620 TI - Sensory cues for perceived exertion: a review. AB - A variety of physiological responses, classified as local or central factors, have been suggested as providing the primary input for perception of effort during exercise. The potency of these responses as perceptual cues, however, has seldom been addressed in terms of relevant modifying variables such as exercise intensity, exercise duration, exercise modality, and steady-state vs progressive exercise. This paper provides a critical review of the most relevant perceived exertion literature in terms of these considerations. It has been proposed that the impact of physiological responses as perceptual cues is dependent on their availability to conscious monitoring during exercise. The viability of this suggestion as a criterion for determining the importance of local and central cues for perceived exertion is also examined. PMID- 7019621 TI - [Electrophysiology in sinus arrest]. PMID- 7019622 TI - Copper accumulation by bacteria, moulds and yeasts. AB - The accumulation of copper by 137 strains of bacteria, 47 moulds and 14 yeasts, isolated from contaminated environments or obtained from culture collections, has been investigated with a view to obtaining a strain suitable for removing dissolved copper from effluents. The criteria sought were a relatively high uptake of copper together with an ability to grow without a lag and without any marked increase in the doubling time when exposed to moderately high concentrations of the metal. Organisms isolated from sites known to be contaminated with copper has low uptakes, the best strain, subsequently identified as a strain of Escherichia coli, being obtained from a site contaminated with cadmium, chromium and zinc. PMID- 7019623 TI - Gleanings of anaesthesia in Lebanon. PMID- 7019624 TI - Formation of mononuclear phagocyte (macrophage) colonies by mouse spleen cells in liquid culture. II. Its inhibition by the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The effect of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain (CPS-K) on the formation of macrophage colonies in cultures of mouse spleen cells was investigated by the liquid culture technique during an incubation period of 7-8 days. CPS-K markedly inhibited further generation of macrophage colonies when added at any time after the beginning of culture, whereas it showed no destructive effect on macrophage colonies which were already formed before its addition. When CPS-K was present throughout the incubation period, such a low concentration as 0.05 micrograms/ml significantly inhibited colony formation, and the intensity of its inhibitory effect depended on its dose in the range of 0.005-50 micrograms/ml. The inhibitory effect persisted even if CPS-K was washed out after spleen cells were kept in contact with 20 micrograms of CPS-K per ml at 37 C for 6 hr. It was found that the inhibitory effect of CPS K on colony formation was not mediated through its action on T cells, B cells or macrophages, and that it was not due to the generation of suppressor cells capable of inhibiting colony formation. It is concluded therefore that CPS-K directly inhibits the proliferation of macrophage colony-forming cells. The active substance responsible for the inhibitory effect of CPS-K on colony formation is the neutral polysaccharide fraction of CPS-K. PMID- 7019625 TI - Effect of muramyldipeptide, a synthetic bacterial adjuvant, on enzyme release from cultured mouse macrophages. AB - Monolayer cultures of macrophages obtained by peritoneal lavage of normal or thioglycollate-stimulated mice spontaneously secreted lysosomal enzymes into the culture medium. When the elicited macrophages were cultured in the presence of muramyldipeptide (MDP), a 20-30% increase in the release of beta-glucuronidase was consistently observed and the intracellular activity decreased to about 45% of that of control cells after 6-8 days' culture. A stimulatory effect of MDP on lysozyme secretion, though less profound, was also observed. In contrast, release of neither enzyme was stimulated in resident macrophages by the addition of MDP. A neutral alpha-glucosidase, which has recently been found to localize also in granules of macrophages, remained inside the cells and neither its activity nor its release was affected by the addition of MDP to either type of macrophages. A large amount of lactic dehydrogenase was released only when the resident, not the elicited, macrophages were cultured for 3-4 days and then phagocytosed zymosan. PMID- 7019626 TI - Mitogen-induced DNA synthesis in various mouse strains infected with a large or small dose of murine leprosy bacilli. AB - Mice of the C57BL strain have been shown to be rather resistant to infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium, whereas C3H mice are highly susceptible. Accordingly, it seemed to be somewhat paradoxical that enhanced antibody formation coupled with a depressed state of cell-mediated immunity as expressed by negative macrophage migration inhibition tests was observed not in C3H but in C57BL mice when they were inoculated with a large dose of murine leprosy bacilli, as reported in our previous studies. In the present study mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by lymph node cells was examined in 16 strains of mice which had been infected with a large or small dose of M. lepraemurium. According to the response to two kinds of T-cell mitogens, these mouse strains could be roughly divided into three groups consisting of two polar groups represented by C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN, respectively, and one intermediate between them. Furthermore, both humoral and cellular immune responses so far observed in C57BL and C3H mice were substantiated by DNA synthesis by lymph node cells harvested from these strains of mice and then exposed in vitro to B-cell and T-cell mitogens, respectively. However, no correlation was found between mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis by these 16 strains of mice and their H-2 specificity. PMID- 7019628 TI - Difference in L-form inductivity of various serotypes of group A streptococci. PMID- 7019629 TI - Differences in thermotropic phase transitions in activities between beta galactoside transport and succinic acid oxidation by Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7019627 TI - A possible role of R plasmids in bacterial permeability for beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Four strains of clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens (13039, 13090, 13093, 14093) harboring R plasmids were highly resistant to ampicillin (ABPC) and cephaloridine (CER). With elimination of R plasmids from these strains by acriflavine treatment, ABPC-resistance levels of these strains were markedly reduced. Reduction of CER-resistance levels was also demonstrated in strains 13039 and 13093, but not in strains 13090 and 14093. The permeability of the former strains for CER was also decreased, but not in the latter strains. At the same time, beta-lactamase activity of these strains also almost completely disappeared when the R plasmids were eliminated. By broth matings with these strains. The recipient strains of S. marcescens 13031 (rif), Escherichia coli K 12 (rif), and E coli 15046 (rif) all acquired a high permeability barrier against CER with inheritance of the R plasmids from strains 13039 and 13093, but not from strains 13090 and 14093. The transconjugant of strain 13031 that inherited R plasmid 13093 was resistant not only to CER but also to cefazolin, cephalothin, and cephalexin. Its permeability to these antibiotics was significantly lower than that of the original strain. This fact suggest the possibility that the R plasmid from strain 13093 may be involved not only in production of beta lactamases, but also in regulation of bacterial permeability for cephalosporins. PMID- 7019630 TI - The passing of the Midwives' Act, 1902. PMID- 7019631 TI - [Antigenic and tolerogenic properties of Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide]. PMID- 7019632 TI - [Immune response inhibition in mice using vaccines from virulent shigella]. PMID- 7019633 TI - [Mycoplasmology, a new branch of microbiology]. PMID- 7019634 TI - [An unpublished article (on the centenary of the birth of A. A. Bogomolets)]. PMID- 7019635 TI - Celebrating the stethoscope. PMID- 7019636 TI - Infant botulism in a breast-fed infant from rural New South Wales. PMID- 7019637 TI - Diazepam and driving ability. AB - A review of the literature indicates that neither experimental nor epidemiological studies can give a clear indication as to whether orally administered diazepam adversely affects the ability of a patient to drive a car. It is preferable for anxious, aggressive, or depressed patients not to drive. Since diazepam tends to relieve these symptoms, this particular medication should not lead to an automatic prohibition of car driving. Patients should always be urged to use great care while at the wheel of a motor car. PMID- 7019638 TI - Triple drug chemotherapy for advanced ovarian carcinoma: comparative study of two regimens. AB - Two consecutive studies were undertaken in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the ovary to compare melphalan, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (MAF) with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF). Twenty-one patients received MAF and 19 received CAF. The objective response rate was 35% for MAF and 62% for CAF patients, and complete remission occurred in 23% of MAF, and in 56% of CAF, patients. These differences were not statistically significant. In both groups, complete remission had a statistically significant and favourable influence on survival. Toxic effects were predominantly haemopoietic and gastrointestinal, MAF having a significantly greater thrombocytopenic potential than CAF, but over-all tolerance was good on both protocols. MAF and CAF are comparable and effective combinations for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, but do not demonstrate superiority to single alkylating agent therapy or to other combinations. This emphasizes the continuing need for well designed randomized trials comparing single alkylating agents with combinations of known active agents. PMID- 7019640 TI - Malacoplakic granuloma of the tests. PMID- 7019639 TI - Better erythrocyte concentrates: more plasma for components. PMID- 7019641 TI - Value of combining B2 sympathomimetic metered aerosol and oral theophylline in children with asthma. AB - We report the results of a double blind controlled trial on 12 children with clinical asthma. Each child received three different treatment regimens; terbutaline sulphate 0.5 mg (Bricanyl) via a metered aerosol; orally administered theophylline 5 mg/kg (Somophyllin); or a combination of both. As expected, the metered aerosol therapy produced significantly greater early bronchodilatation than therapy with theophylline alone. In addition, the combined therapy produced a significantly greater bronchodilatation after three hours than the metered aerosol alone (P less than 0.05). This trend was also observed after one and two hours, but did not reach significance (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). We conclude that there is value in combining a B2 sympathomimetic metered aerosol and oral theophylline in children with asthma. PMID- 7019642 TI - Disposable insulin syringes. PMID- 7019643 TI - Pilonidal surgery. PMID- 7019644 TI - Chemotherapy for Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. PMID- 7019645 TI - Multiple-electrode cochlear implant for profound or total hearing loss: a review. PMID- 7019646 TI - The end of an era. PMID- 7019648 TI - John Frederick Joseph Cade. PMID- 7019647 TI - Increasing mortality from cancer of the cervix in young Australian women. AB - Mortality from uterine cancer in Australia has fallen progressively since 1908, as has mortality from cancer of the cervix specifically since it was distinguished, in statistics, from other uterine cancer in 1950. However, in women aged under 40 years, this trend has reversed recently, and cervical cancer mortality has risen since about 1970. This rise has also been shown by incidence data collected by the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry. Similar increases have been observed in New Zealand, Britain at least, appear to parallel increases in promiscuous sexual activity. Increases in the frequency of cervical cancer in older women can be expected when the cohorts affected (those born after 1935) reach older age groups. PMID- 7019650 TI - [Regeneration processes in human oviducts following sterilization procedures]. PMID- 7019649 TI - [Significance of prostaglandins for tumor growth and tumor symptoms]. PMID- 7019651 TI - [Congenital factor VII deficiency]. PMID- 7019652 TI - [Hiatal hernia: when should surgery be undertaken?]. PMID- 7019654 TI - [Which drugs interact with corticoids?]. PMID- 7019655 TI - [Results of treatment of internal medicine intensive care cases]. PMID- 7019653 TI - [Pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7019656 TI - [Treatment of "therapy-resistant" forms of hypertension with captopril]. PMID- 7019657 TI - The background to a royal commission. PMID- 7019658 TI - [Modern population ecology and the theory of natural foci of disease]. PMID- 7019659 TI - [Problem of using acaricides for controlling the vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. PMID- 7019660 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of blood-sucking ticks (Ixodoidea), vectors of the causative agents of disease (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7019661 TI - [Sensitivity to exogenous insulin and the efficiency and release of endogenous insulin in subjects with non-hypoglycemic hypopituitarism treated with growth hormone]. PMID- 7019662 TI - [Oral immunization against enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes in full-term and premature newborn infants]. PMID- 7019663 TI - [Progressive musclar dystrophy in the experience of the Pediatric Clinic of Florence. Longitudinal study of 43 subjects]. PMID- 7019664 TI - UMC four-year medical school observes 25th anniversary. PMID- 7019666 TI - Species nonspecific fraction of non-histone chromatin proteins in mice and rats immunized with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 7019665 TI - Cell culture aging. AB - Cellular research in aging has been stimulated by the observation that human diploid cells have a limited number of cell divisions in culture. This loss of cellular proliferation (in vitro senescence) has been extensively studied by biochemical, clonal, and genetic analysis. Studies of human skin fibroblast cultures have revealed that in vitro senescense is related to in vivo human cellular aging. Recently differentiated cells have been proposed for aging studies. These cells may provide additional information on aging since alterations of in vitro cellular functions may be related to the in vivo behavior of specific differented cell types. PMID- 7019667 TI - Electron microscopic evidence of circular molecules in 9-S globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes. AB - 9S globin mRNA prepared by the proteinase K method from polysomes of rabbit reticulocytes consists of 40% circular molecules as revealed by electron microscopy, if spreading of the molecules is performed from a solution of 50% formamide, 0.5 M NaCl, 25 mM Tris, 10 mM EDTA, pH 8, after 16 h incubation at 42 degrees C. We assume a noncovalent nature of the circularization because of the fact that a total transformation into the well known linear form occurs if strong denaturing conditions for spreading were used. The biological significance of the circular globin mRNA molecules is unknown. PMID- 7019668 TI - The structure of ribonucleoprotein particles from rat liver nuclei. AB - During or immediately after transcription of chromatin the high molecular weight pre-mRNA is complexes with proteins and low molecular weight RNA (lmwRNA). In the presence of a cytosolic RNase inhibitor pre-mRNA-protein complexes, designated as polyparticles, can be isolated from rat liver nuclei. The polyparticles are characterized by a maximum of their sedimentation coefficient of around 90 S, a protein to RNA ratio of 4.1, and a density in CsCl of 1.4 g/cm3. A set of 6--10 basic proteins of molecular weights between 30 and 45 kd as well as a multitude of polypeptides of higher molecular weights is associated with the rapidly labeled, polydisperse, high molecular weight RNA and several lmwRNA species. In order to study the structure of these very complex nuclear RNP complexes, the polyparticles were incubated at various concentrations of sodium chloride, urea or proteinases of different specificities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase K), recentrifuged through a sucrose layer and analyzed with respect to their sedimentation behavior, their protein to RNA ratios and their protein- and RNA components. Rhe results of these experiments led us to the proposal of a structural model which is presented here. PMID- 7019670 TI - [Binding of Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit proteins with two large 5S RNA fragments]. AB - Two fragments containing sequences from 1-41 nucleotide (small fragment) and from 42-120 nucleotide (large fragment) were isolated from E. coli 5S RNA T1 RNase partial digest. Affinity chromatography of 50S ribosomal proteins on the immobilized 5S RNA fragments revealed the ability of the large fragment to give a complex only with protein L25. The small fragment did not bind ribosomal proteins. The intact and reassociated 5S RNA forms a complex consisting of proteins L5, L18, L25. PMID- 7019669 TI - [Mechanisms of translation termination]. AB - The review considers the results of both genetical and biochemical studies of translation termination in pro- and eukaryotes. The available information on the components of the protein synthesis machinery, participating in the termination process is summarized. Special attention is paid to the problem of nonsense codon recognition. The possibility of modulation of the process of termination in vivo and in vitro is discussed. All the data considered allow us to propose the hypothesis about the role of the small ribosomal subunit RNA (SrRNA) in translation of natural messengers. Deficiency of AGG and related codone in prokaryotes suggests the possibility of scanning of mRNA's in the coding frame by the 3'-terminus of SrRNA. The context of natural terminators in mRNA's in pro-and eukaryotes reveals that the sequences between 6th and 20th positions both up- and down stream from the nonsense codons are complementary to the 3'-end of SrRNA. Interaction between 3'-terminus of SrRNA and the sequences under consideration is postulated to be important for high efficiency termination of translation. PMID- 7019671 TI - [Serological characterization of bacteriophage T3 carrying different "non classical" modifications]. AB - The antigenic properties of bacteriophage T3 and a mutant T3/R7 which undergoes "non-classical" modification and restriction are compared. The "non-classical" modification of T3/R7 consists of a host-dependent, reversible change in the adsorption capacity of phage on different host strains. We have shown that this modification is connected with changes in the antigenic properties of phage components involved in phage absorption to the host cell. This means that, in contrast to the "classical" host-control-led modification and restriction of DNA, the "non-classical" modification and restriction of phage is based on protein modification. PMID- 7019672 TI - [Rapid asymmetric expansion of the palate]. PMID- 7019673 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7019674 TI - Bernard S. Wolf, M.D. 1912-1977. PMID- 7019675 TI - Pyrenequinones as mutagens and enhancing agents to other mutagens. PMID- 7019676 TI - Antimutation effect of an E. coli membrane fraction on UV-mutagenesis. PMID- 7019677 TI - Formation of mutagens by sorbic acid-nitrite reaction: effects of reaction conditions on biological activities. AB - Conditions of the reaction between sorbic acid and sodium nitrite generating mutagenic principles were examined. In the rec-assay and the Ames reversion assay, the maximal mutagenic activity was obtained in a pH range of 3.5-4.2. Mutagenic and growth-inhibitor activities of five C-nitro and C-nitroso compounds were studied. The product Y, 2-methyl-1,4-dinitropyrrole, was the strongest mutagen among them. PMID- 7019678 TI - A simple, rapid plate assay for mitotic recombination. PMID- 7019679 TI - The effect of caffeine on cell growth and metabolism of thymidine in Escherichia coli. AB - (1) The influence of caffeine on growth and on the metabolism of thymidine was investigated in various E. coli strains. Caffeine caused filamentous growth in all strains investigated. The caffeine effect was reversible. (2) The incorporation of thymidine into DNA was inhibited by caffeine, and the inhibition was most pronounced with bacterial cultures grown overnight in the presence of caffeine before the addition of thymidine. For cells not pretreated with caffeine the inhibitory effect of caffeine decreased with increasing concentrations of thymidine up to about 1 microM whereafter it remained constant. The effect of thymidine concentration on the inhibition was less for bacteria that had grown overnight in the presence of caffeine than for bacteria not pretreated with caffeine. (3) Caffeine inhibited thymidine kinase, but it had no effect on thymidine phosphorylase or thymidine nucleotide kinases. (4) It is suggested that caffeine interferes with uptake of thymidine, conversion of thymidine to dTTP and the DNA synthesis process itself. Filamentous growth could be the result of the inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7019680 TI - Crowding depression of UV-mutagenesis in E. coli. AB - Strains of E. coli B/r were exposed to UV radiation and assayed for reversion mutation, using a standard selection medium. If more irradiated bacteria were assayed per petri dish, a proportional increase in the number of indicated reversion mutants was found only up to a limiting plating density. Beyond a density of about 10(8) viable bacteria per petri dish, the number of indicated revertants per viable bacteria assayed (the mutation frequency) decreased as the plating density was increased. The crowding depression of mutagenesis was more severe for de novo and converted suppressor mutations, the mutation frequency being reduced 100-fold at a plating density of about 6 x 10(9) viable bacteria per plate. The effect on backmutation was 10 times less. Crowding depression of mutagenesis occurred in excision-proficient and -deficient strains, with identical effects in the 2 strains on de novo and converted suppressor mutation, but different effects on backmutations. There were no accompanying effects on viability. Irreversible loss of potential mutants during crowded growth was indicated in wash-off experiments. The kinetics suggested a half-life of approximately 1 h. Kinetics for accumulation by the bacteria of the limiting metabolite (tyrosine) on the assay plate indicated a short period of time for protein synthesis, but direct examination of the proteins synthesized during early growth on a crowded plate demonstrated successful induction of recA protein. The results suggested a possible disruption in the rec/lex respondency system somewhere between induction of recA protein and the various end points, including mutational repair, in cells plated close to one another. PMID- 7019681 TI - Induction of spontaneous and UV-induced mutations during commitment to meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Inductions of reversions of nonsense, missense and frameshift-type mutations were investigated in a diploid cell population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during commitment to meiosis, by using the medium-transfer technique from sporulation medium to vegetative medium. The yields of spontaneous reverse mutations obtained from the cells that were committed to different stages during meiosis were rather constant irrespective of the alleles tested, although the yields of both intergenic and intragenic recombinations markedly increased. The susceptibilities to UV-induced reverse mutations examined during commitment to meiosis were not changed appreciably. It is concluded that induction of base-change-type mutations in meiosis is not essentially different from that in mitosis. PMID- 7019682 TI - Differential effect of UV irradiation on induction of intragenic and intergenic recombination during commitment to meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A comparison was made between the induction of intragenic and intergenic recombinations during meiosis in a wild-type diploid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under non-irradiated normal conditions, production of both intragenic and intergenic recombinants greatly increased in the cells with commitment to meiosis. The susceptibility of cells to the induction of both the spontaneous intra- and intergenic recombinations in meiotic cells was similar. However, under condition of UV irradiation, there were striking differences between intra- and intergenic recombinations. Susceptibility to induction of intragenic recombination by UV irradiation was not enhanced at meiosis compared with mitosis, and was not altered through commitment to meiotic processes. In contrast, however, susceptibility to the induction of intergenic recombination by UV irradiation was enhanced markedly during commitment to meiosis compared with mitosis. Genetic analysis suggested that the enhanced susceptibility to recombination during meiosis is specifically concerned with reciprocal-type recombination (crossing-over) but not non-reciprocal-type recombination (gene conversion). Hence it is concluded that the meiotic process appears to be intimately concerned with the mechanism(s) of induction of recombination, especially reciprocal-type recombination. PMID- 7019683 TI - Activation of phenanthrene to mutagenic metabolites and evidence for at least two different activation pathways. AB - Phenanthrene, generally considered to be a non-carcinogen, was converted by mammalian tissue preparations to products that were mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA1537. In TA100 the mutagenic response was highly dependent on the activation system used. High amounts of 9000 x g supernatant fraction from the liver of rats induced by Aroclor 1254 were required. Equivalent amounts of microsomal or cytosolic fraction alone did not activate phenanthrene to an observable extent. Furthermore, this activation was only observed when the rats had been treated with Aroclor. Liver preparations from control rats and from rats treated with phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, a mixture of both, and transstilbene oxide failed to activate phenanthrene to mutagens for TA100. Interestingly, liver microsomes and 9000 x g supernatant fractions of Aroclor treated mice also failed significantly to activate phenanthrene to mutagens for this strain. Addition of pure epoxide hydrolase to the S9 mix had no influence on this activation. Glutathione (GSH) decreased the mutagenicity, but uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) had only minor effects. An adenosine-3' phosphate-5'-sulfate phosphate (PAPS) generating system, however, increased the number of his+ revertants from TA100 (2.7-fold). TA1537 was reverted by mutagens produced from phenanthrene by liver microsomes or 9000 x g supernatant fraction, when the microsomal epoxide hydrolase was inhibited by 1,1,1-trichloropropene oxide. This activation pathway exists in Aroclor-treated rats and mice. The results show that at least 2 different pathways for metabolic activation of phenanthrene exist which were observed in 2 differentially sensitive tester strains and distinguished by their different metabolic requirements. Furthermore, the study shows that earlier suggestions do not hold that equivalent results can be obtained by inducing animals with a combination of phenobarbital and beta naphthoflavone instead of the environmentally persistent Aroclor 1254. Moreover, the study provides a striking example that the use of 9000 x g supernatant in amounts corresponding to standard practice but sub-optimal for a particular compound only impede the detection of a weak mutagen and that the rapid inactivation of active metabolites by inactivating enzymes may be responsible for negative results in mutagenicity testing. PMID- 7019684 TI - Mutagenicity of structurally related oxiranes: derivatives of benzene and its hydrogenated congeners. AB - The mutagenicities of 17 closely related oxiranes were determined in 4 tester strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537). The test compounds comprised all possible oxides of benzene and its partially hydrogenated congeners. In TA100 and TA1535, 12 of the tested oxiranes were weak to moderate mutagens. 4 of these were also active in TA98. No mutagenicity was observed with the remaining 5 compounds in any of the 4 strains. The presence of a double bond in formal conjugation with the epoxide ring increased the mutagenicity relative to that of the saturated oxirane. Interestingly, additional epoxide rings within the same molecule did not markedly increase the mutagenic activity, and for the oxiranes that are not activated by a double bond, the relationship between mutagenic activity and the number of epoxide rings in the molecule was even inverse. The influence of bromo and hydroxyl substitution on oxirane mutagenicity is discussed. Most notably, a compound having a 4-hydroxyl group in syn position to a 1,2-epoxide ring fused to the cyclohexane ring, a structure which has been suggested to increase the electrophilic reactivity of dihydrodiol epoxides through hydrogen bonding, was almost inactive. PMID- 7019685 TI - Light-flash analysis of the photoenzymic repair process in yeast cells. II. Determination of the rate constant for formation of photoreactivating enzymes pyrimidine dimer complexes and its activation energy term. AB - As reported in the previous paper, the number of deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase or photoreactivating enzyme (PRE) molecules per yeast cell was determined by the use of intense light flashes. In the present work, the reaction rate constant for the formation of PRE-substrate complexes, k1, and the activation energy term of k1 were determined by yeast cells in vivo by the use of light flashes. At 30 degrees C, k1 equalled (6.5 +/- 1.1) x 10(-5) (nuclear volume) x (molecule)(-1) sec(-1), which corresponded to 1.1 x 10(5) 1 mole(-1) sec(-1), on the assumption that a nuclear volume is 3 x 10(-15) 1. k1 showed positive temperature dependence as described by the arrhenius expression with an activation energy of 11.8 +/- 1.6 kcal mole(-1). PMID- 7019686 TI - Mutagenicity of hydrolysates of tea infusions. AB - Hydrolysates of infusions of green tea and black tea were mutagenic by the Ames test. The tea infusions were prepared by a regular method and were hydrolysed with 1 M HCl, hesperidinase, naringinase and human intestinal bacteria. The hydrolysates were successively extracted with chloroform, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The mutagenicities of the extracts were assayed by the Ames test, and the mutagens were analysed by GC-MS. The ether extracts of the hydrolysates of infusions of both green tea and black tea were mutagenic of TA98 and TA100 with or without S9 mix. The most common mutagenic flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, were detected in the extract by GC-MS, and their combined mutagenicity represented about 70% of the whole mutagenic activity in the extract. PMID- 7019687 TI - The mutagenicity of diesel-exhaust particle extracts collected under smog-chamber conditions using the Salmonella typhimurium test system. AB - This study was designed to detect the effect that different environmental conditions have upon diesel-exhaust organics. In this study, diesel exhaust was injected into the Calspan smog chamber under different conditions, and the resulting particles were collected upon Pallflex glass-fiber filters. After extraction from the particles with methylene chloride, the organics were solvent exchanged to dimethyl sulfoxide and tested in the Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation test. Results demonstrate that the irradiation of propylene, SO2, NO and NO2 produces ozone and a mutagenic moiety. Unless another mitigating factor (e.g., ozone) was present or formed, irradiation did not alter the mutagenic response of the organics. The production or injection of ozone into chamber tended to reduce the mutagenic response of the collected organics. In summary, this study demonstrates that ambient conditions can alter the mutagenic response of diesel-exhaust organics. PMID- 7019688 TI - Non-mutagenicity of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, o-methylbenzylalcohol and o methylbenzylsulfate in the Ames assay. PMID- 7019689 TI - Mutagenicity of irradiated solutions of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Solutions of nucleic acid bases, nucleosides and a nucleotide, saturated with either N2, N2O or O2, were irradiated and tested for mutagenicity towards Salmonella typhimurium, with and without pre-incubation. Irradiated solutions of the nucleic acid bases were all non-mutagenic. Irradiated solutions of the nucleosides showed mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA100 (pre-incubation assay). Generally, the mutagenicity followed the order: N2O greater than N2 greater than O2. The results show that the formation of mutagenic radiolytic products is initiated by attack of mainly OH radicals on the 2-deoxy-D-ribose moiety of the nucleosides. With irradiated solutions of the nucleotide, thymidine-5' monophosphate, no mutagenicity could be detected. PMID- 7019690 TI - Compatibility of organic solvents with the Salmonella/microsome test. PMID- 7019691 TI - Mutagenic activity of benzofurans and naphthofurans in the Salmonella/microsome assay: 2-nitro-7-methoxy-naphtho[2,1-b]furan (R7000), a new highly potent mutagenic agent. AB - A series of benzofurans and naphthofurans was examined through the Salmonella/microsome assay. (i) With one possible exception, only 2-nitro derivatives give a mutagenic response. However, it appears that the mutagenic potency depends notably on the nature and the position of the other substituents in the molecule. (ii) The mutagenic response occurs in strains TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100 but not in strain TA1535. Reversion of the missense mutation of TA1535 is thus induced only in presence of the plasmid pKM101. (iii) This mutagenic response is at least partially dependent on the bacterial nitroreductase activities and is usually lower in presence of activating mixture from rat liver. (iv) One of the compounds tested, 2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho[2,1 b]furan (R7000), may be the most potent mutagen examined so far in the Salmonella/microsome assay. It yields about 200 000 revertants/nanomole on strain TA100 in the standard plate test. The relation between structure, mutagenic potency and other biological activities of the compounds are briefly discussed. PMID- 7019692 TI - A cautionary note the use of nitroreductase-deficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium for the detection of nitroarenes as mutagens in complex mixtures including diesel exhausts. PMID- 7019693 TI - Incidence of mutator strains in Escherichia coli and coliforms in nature. PMID- 7019694 TI - Use of the polyene antibiotic N-glycosyl-polifungin in counterselecting yeast mutants. PMID- 7019695 TI - Induction of point mutations by benomyl in DNA-repair-deficient Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7019696 TI - Mutagenicity studies on veterinary anabolic drugs with the Salmonella/microsome test. PMID- 7019697 TI - Benzene oxide: genetic toxicity. PMID- 7019699 TI - [Disinfection of stocking fabrics and leather samples contaminated with Candida albicans and other yeasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019700 TI - [Electron microscopic study on the phagocytosis of Candida cells by chicken macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019698 TI - Acquired canine myasthenia gravis: immunocytochemical localization of immune complexes at neuromuscular junctions. AB - In the acquired form of myasthenia gravis in dogs, there are circulating antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and a reduction in the number of AChRs in the postsynaptic membrane. In this study, immune complexes were localized at the neuromuscular junctions in biopsy samples from 10 myasthenic dogs by immunocytochemical means employing conjugates of staphylococcal protein A and horseradish peroxidase. Immune complexes were observed in approximately 70% of the neuromuscular junctions studied in both type 1 and type 2 myofibers. Thus, acquired canine myasthenia gravis appears to involve immune-mediated mechanisms that destroy AChRs in a manner similar to myasthenia gravis in humans. Protein A was also observed to bind principally to elastic fibers in small arteries and arterioles of some myasthenic and control dogs; however, the significance of that localization is unknown. PMID- 7019701 TI - Annotations to the pathogenicity and toxicity of yeasts as used in production of single cell proteins. PMID- 7019702 TI - Purification and regulatory properties of the NADP-linked malic enzyme for Crithidia fasciculata. AB - The NADP-linked malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) from the insect flagellate Crithidia fasciculata has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a procedure involving ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The regulatory properties of the purified enzyme have been studied, and compared with those of the two forms malic enzyme (I and II) present in Trypanosoma cruzi. The enzyme from C. fasciculata, like malic enzyme II from T. cruzi was activated by L aspartate and succinate, which decreased the apparent Km values for both substrates, L-malate and NADP; L-aspartate in addition increased the apparent Vmax. The enzyme from C. fasciculata was inhibited by oxaloacetate, which was strictly competitive towards L-malate, with an apparent Ki (26 microM) intermediate between those reported for the two enzyme forms from T. cruzi. The C. fasciculata enzyme, like malic enzyme II from T. cruzi, was inhibited by adenine nucleotides, which were competitive towards both substrates; in addition, it was inhibited by acetyl-CoA, glyoxylate and NADH, which affected very little the activity of both enzyme froms forms T. cruzi. Thus the malic enzyme from C. fasciculata showed a regulatory pattern even more complex than that of the same enzyme from T. cruzi, despite the fact that there seems to be only one enzyme, present in the cytosol, in the insect trypanosomatid. PMID- 7019703 TI - A randomized trial comparing surgical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide plus hydrocortisone in women with advanced breast cancer. AB - We randomized 96 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma to receive surgical adrenalectomy or medical therapy with an adrenal inhibitor, aminoglutethimide (AG), plus replacement hydrocortisone. Before randomization, women were stratified according to disease-free interval, site of dominant disease, and estrogen-receptor status. Of 40 evaluable women treated with AG and hydrocortisone, 53 per cent had objective responses, as compared with 45 per cent of 29 women undergoing surgical adrenalectomy (P value not significant). Responses lasted a mean of 17.2 months in the medical group and greater than 17.1 months in the surgical group (not significant). Estrogen levels fell similarly in response to either treatment, whereas AG and hydrocortisone preserved androgen production. A null hypothesis tested the single question asked by this study: "Is surgical adrenalectomy superior to treatment with AG and hydrocortisone?" Rejection at significance levels of P = 0.01 and P = 0.07 for differences of 20 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively, suggested that medical therapy with AG and hydrocortisone may be logically chosen in place of surgical adrenalectomy. PMID- 7019704 TI - Current concepts in psychiatry. Divorce: impact on children. PMID- 7019705 TI - Biguanide treatment increases the number of insulin-receptor sites on human erythrocytes. PMID- 7019706 TI - In-hospital exercise after myocardial infarction does not improve treadmill performance. AB - Prolonged bed rest after myocardial infarction is thought to result in deconditioning, manifested by increased heart-rate and blood-pressure responses to exercise and decreased functional capacity. We studied the effects of early, supervised exercises in preventing deconditioning after acute myocardial infarction. Eighty-four patients were randomized to a control group and 174 to an exercise group. Enrollment in the exercise program occurred an average of 4.5 days after admission (range, one to nine). Discharge from the hospital occurred an average of 10.3 days after admission in the control group and 10.4 days in the exercise group. Most patients had a low-level treadmill test on the day before hospital discharge. There were no differences between the two groups in the clinical, hemodynamic, or electrocardiographic responses to the treadmill test. Incidences of complications and deaths (one death in each group) during hospitalization were not significantly different in the two groups, although six patients (3 per cent, all in the exercise group) required cardiac surgery--four because of recurrent chest pain and two because of rupture of heart muscle. Thus, we were unable to demonstrate any significant beneficial or deleterious effects of an early, in-hospital exercise program. PMID- 7019707 TI - Diabetes responsive to intravenous but not subcutaneous insulin: effectiveness of aprotinin. AB - Patients with diabetes that is insensitive to subcutaneous insulin but sensitive to intravenous insulin have recently been described. We have studied this phenomenon is five female diabetics (14 to 31 years of age) who required excessive amounts of insulin (2.5 to 30.0 units per kilogram of body weight per day) to avoid recurrent ketoacidosis. Known causes of insulin resistance were excluded. All patients had normal responses to conventional doses of intravenous insulin (0.35 to 0.9 unit per kilogram per day). Four patients required continuous intravenous infusion of insulin for one to six months. When a mixture of aprotinin (a protease inhibitor) and regular porcine insulin was given subcutaneously, conventional doses (0.7 to 1.4 units per kilogram per day) produced euglycemia; plasma levels of free insulin rose, and ketonuria disappeared. Four patients had episodes of spontaneous, severe hypoglycemia before and during aprotinin therapy, necessitating continuous infusion of glucose for two to 14 days. Although no insulin was administered, hyperinsulinemia (50 to 2000 muU of free insulin per milliliter [359 to 14,350 pmol per liter]) was present. These findings suggest excessive degradation or sequestration of insulin at the site of injection. PMID- 7019708 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty-a status report. PMID- 7019709 TI - Hyperkinetic circulation associated with captopril therapy for congestive heart failure. PMID- 7019710 TI - The success of medicare's end-stage renal-disease program: the case for profits and the private marketplace. AB - The 92nd Congress extended Medicare benefits to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), sparing patients the financial burden of treating this catastrophic illness. The costs of the ESRD program have been contained better than those of health care generally; payment was originally limited by a screen of $138 per dialysis but could be higher if higher cost was documented. About 48 per cent of patients receive dialysis in units outside hospitals. The majority of these units are operated for profit, in which physicians share. The payment to these facilities has remained constant while payment to the nonprofit hospitals' unit has increased markedly. Physicians in for-profit units have a strong incentive to learn about costs and control them. They are involved in medical economic management as well as clinical management; this results in integrated administration of health care. The success of the ESRD program in expanding service to meet demand while controlling costs and maintaining quality has been due primarily to the combined effect of setting a price and creating a system of incentives that involves physicians in the medical marketplace. PMID- 7019711 TI - Oral flecainide acetate for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral flecainide acetate were assessed during a controlled, short-term dosage-maintenance study. Thirteen patients with chronic ventricular ectopy entered a placebo control period, and 11 with persistent, frequent (greater than 600 per 12 hours) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) advanced to drug therapy. Of 10 patients completing a trial of different doses, nine responded completely, with a mean PVC suppression of 98,3 per cent. Repetitive PVCs were eliminated. The mean effective dose was 189 mg per 12 hours, and the effective plasma concentration before administration of a dose averaged 635 ng per milliliter. One patient responded partially (68 per cent of PVCs suppressed). Flecainide continued to be effective and well tolerated at the end of a two-week outpatient trial in the nine complete responders, maintaining an average PVC suppression of 94.6 per cent. The PR and QRS intervals were mildly prolonged. The echocardiographic ejection fraction was unchanged during treatment. The elimination half-life was long - 18.8 +/- 3.8 hours. Flecainide thus appears to be a highly effective and well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agent with favorable pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7019712 TI - [Survival and disinfection of Candida albicans on toothbrushes]. PMID- 7019713 TI - [Toothbrushes in the ecology of Candida albicans]. AB - Two hundred and twenty nine patients were sorted out at random from different services at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Venezuela, to investigate simultaneously the presence of Candida albicans in the mouth and in their toothbrushes. None of them showed signs of candidiasis. From the oral cavity of each patient two samples were taken by rubbing throughout the mucous membrane. One of them was cultured in oxgall agar and the other one in diluted milk agar. At the same time, the toothbrushes of the patients were cultured in oxgall agar or in diluted milk agar. The results showed evidence of C. albicans in the mouth of 28% of the patients hospitalized for different reasons, and in the 18% of the toothbrushes studied. Both media were found equally efficient for the diagnosis and identification of C. albicans in nascent culture, even with material contaminated with other yeasts and bacteria. The use of dental prosthesis, in patients without teeth and those with a few teeth, appears to be a predisposing factor for the colonization by C. albicans in healthy mouths. Out of 57 healthy mouth-carriers of C. albicans, 33 (58% of them ) had also C. albicans in their toothbrushes. These findings seem to point to the toothbrushes as being the possible reservoir and reinfection source in some cases of candidiasis. To patients suffering with oral candidiasis the use of some method for disinfecting the toothbrushes must be recommended when planning the treatment. PMID- 7019714 TI - A new bioassay method for measurement of angiotensin II using isolated bovine adrenal cells: clinical application on the plasma renin activity. PMID- 7019715 TI - Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity. AB - Immune responses have been described for many different insect species. However, it is generally acknowledged that immune systems must therefore differ from those of vertebrates. An effective humoral immune response has been found in pupae of the cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia. The expression of this multicomponent system requires de novo synthesis of RNA and proteins and its broad antibacterial activity is due to at least three independent mechanisms, the most well known of which is the insect lysozyme. However, this enzyme is bactericidal for only a limited number of Gram-positive bacteria. WE recently purified and characterized P9A and P9B, which are two small, basic proteins with potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and several other Gram-negative bacteria. We believe that P9A and P9B plays an important part in the humoral immune responses described previously and that the P9 proteins represent a new class of antibacterial agents for which we propose the name cecropins. We describe here the primary structures of cecropins A and B. We also show that cecropin A is specific for bacteria in contrast to melittin, the main lytic component in bee venom which lyses both bacteria and eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7019717 TI - Recombination between short DNA homologies causes tandem duplication. AB - The ampC gene of Escherichia coli K-12 codes for a beta-lactamase which can hydrolyse the beta-lactam ring of ampicillin. Ampicillin resistance is strictly related to ampC gene copy number thus we have been able to isolate ampicillin resistant mutants carrying multiple ampC repeats. We have isolated on a plasmid a segment of chromosomal DNA carrying multiple ampC repeats, and compared the nucleotide sequence of the region joining repeat units to the sequence of the DNA segments that fused to create the joint. The fusion had occurred within a 12-base pair (bp) sequence of perfect homology. We suggest that recombination between randomly occurring short homologies (12-13-bp long), could be a general mechanism to generate tandem duplications in the size range of 10 kilobases (kb). PMID- 7019716 TI - Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates calmodulin redistribution in rat pituitary. AB - Calcium (Ca2+) seems to have an informational role in many tissues. In particular, it fulfills the requirements of a second messenger for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary gonadotrope (see ref. 1 for review). Very little is known about the effect of this ion on intracellular targets or the mechanism by which Ca2+ mobilization stimulates LH release. One intracellular target for Ca2+ is calmodulin, a ubiquitous intracellular Ca2+ receptor that has been shown to modulate many cellular functions, including cyclic nucleotide and glycogen metabolism, protein phosphorylation, microtubule assembly and disassembly, a Ca2+ flux, and the activities of NAD kinase, tryptophan 5' monooxidase and phospholipase A2 (see refs 2-5 for reviews). We have now used a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay to determine the quantity and distribution of calmodulin in the gonadotrope before and during GnRH-stimulated LH release. The data indicate that GnRH stimulates redistribution of calmodulin from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and suggest that the molecule may have a role in the mechanism of stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 7019718 TI - 13C evidence for dietary habits of prehistoric man in Denmark. PMID- 7019719 TI - Carbon isotope analysis of separate chemical phases in modern and fossil bone. PMID- 7019720 TI - Measurement of circulating prostacyclin. PMID- 7019721 TI - Mutation of gene encoding regulatory polypeptide of aspartate carbamoyltransferase. PMID- 7019722 TI - A mutation in the catalytic cistron of aspartate carbamoyltransferase affecting catalysis, regulatory response and holoenzyme assembly. PMID- 7019723 TI - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase shows the nucleotide binding fold observed in dehydrogenases. PMID- 7019724 TI - Leeuwenhoek's specimens discovered after 307 years. PMID- 7019725 TI - Actions of cholera toxin and the prevention and treatment of cholera. AB - The drastic intestinal secretion of fluid and electrolytes that is characteristic of cholera is the result of reasonably well understood cellular and biochemical actions of the toxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae. Based on this understanding it is possible to devise new techniques for the treatment and prophylaxis of cholera to complement those based on fluid replacement therapy and sanitation. PMID- 7019726 TI - Mobility of polypeptide chain in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex revealed by proton NMR. PMID- 7019727 TI - Non-parallel evolution of metabolic and growth-promoting functions of insulin. PMID- 7019728 TI - E. coli contains eight soluble proteolytic activities, one being ATP dependent. PMID- 7019729 TI - Requirement of nifV gene for production of wild-type nitrogenase enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 7019730 TI - Babesia ovata sp.n. isolated from cattle in Japan. PMID- 7019731 TI - Detection of Vero cytotoxic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals. PMID- 7019733 TI - [Physics and chemistry in medical journals]. PMID- 7019732 TI - [Eikenella corrodens as the causative agent for purulent infections]. PMID- 7019735 TI - [Jacob Voegen van Engelen, medical journalist; "De Surinaamsche Artz"]. PMID- 7019734 TI - [Primary and delayed primary suturing of the flexor tendons]. PMID- 7019736 TI - [The significance of autoantibodies reacting with skin antigens]. PMID- 7019737 TI - [Surgical treatment of rectal cancer with or without preoperative irradiation: initial results of a non-selective study]. PMID- 7019738 TI - [Secondary prevention with timolol; the Norwegian multicenter study]. PMID- 7019739 TI - [Legionellosis (Legionella pneumophilia infections)]. PMID- 7019740 TI - [Legionnaires' disease; the emperor's new clothes?]. PMID- 7019741 TI - Growth of mammalian cell lines in a spinner culture. AB - Several mammalian cell lines, derived from embryonic, normal adult and malignant tissues were adapted for long-term growth in agitated fluid medium. A simple method of spinner culture is described, employing a portable magnetic stirrer. Adaptation of cells for growth in spinner culture took a relatively short time, usually a few weeks, depending on the type of cell line used. Characteristics of cell lines maintained in spinner culture are described in details. PMID- 7019742 TI - A comparison of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and the leukocyte migration inhibition test in the detection of histocompatibility antigens on tumor cells. AB - Lymph node cells from mice sensitized by rejection of skin allografts were incubated in vitro with tumor cells carrying the sensitizing alloantigens. Products of the lymphocyte--antigen interaction released into the culture medium were simultaneously assessed by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. Both macrophage slowing factor (MSF) and a factor which inhibited leukocyte migration (LIF) were produced. The release of both factors was detectable after comparable periods of incubation; their production was transient and ceased within 24 hours after it started. PMID- 7019744 TI - [Destruction of Forel's field in the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Preliminary report]. AB - Stereoencephalotomy remains often the only therapeutic method in severe cases of drug-resistant epilepsy in which it is not possible to use the classic resection methods. In the light of literature data we chose Forel's field as the site for producing stereotaxic lesions since it is the most strategically situated site in the pathways of propagation of epileptic seizures. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: we used Leksell's stereotaxic apparatus for the operations. The contrast medium for filling the ventricular system was Dimer X. The parameters used in accordance with Jinnnai were calculated from the intercommissural line. The clinical and electrophysiological features of these cases are reported. Eleven patients were operated upon who could not be qualified for other surgical treatment methods because of generalized EEG changes. The main criterion accepted for qualification of patients by us were frequent seizures (at least 1 daily) despite systematic treatment conducted under control of serum drug levels. The indication for selecting the side of the operation was preponderance of EEG changes or presence of any lateralizing signs in the seizures. The duration of follow-up sufficient for evaluating the effectiveness of the operation was obtained in 7 patients. The following results were achieved: very good in 1 case, good in 3, improvement in 2 and poor in 1. In the light of these preliminary observations we consider that unilateral destruction of Forel's field is an operation indicated in severe generalized seizures, especially in the primary generalized form. PMID- 7019743 TI - Endocrine balance as a factor in the etiology of the fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - It is well documented that children with the fetal alcohol syndrome are a direct consequence of heavy maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy. The mechanism by which ethanol exerts its teratogenic effect is however, far from understood. Recent experimental evidence has shown alcohol to have a direct inhibitory effect on embryogenesis. Little information, however, is available concerning other factors associated with maternal drinking which may contribute to abnormal fetal development. Proper materno-fetal hormonal balance is essential to insure successful pregnancy outcome. Of particular importance with respect to normal fetal development, are the levels of placental tropic hormones; pituitary hormones such as prolactin and oxytocin; adrenal cortical hormones; both maternal and fetal thyroid hormones; maternal and fetal sex hormones; and maternal insulin. Ethanol alters the levels of a variety of hormones associated with the hypothalamic/pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal and -thyroid axes. Many of these alterations have been observed in the male, however, with little data available on the female. In spite of the known adverse effect of ethanol on certain aspects of female reproductive function, few if any studies have examined the effects of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy on maternal endocrine balance. It is hoped that the present review will provide a rationale for the examination of alcohol effects on maternal endocrine hormones, as well as to provide possible target areas with respect to fetal development subsequent to ethanol-induced endocrine imbalance. PMID- 7019745 TI - [Usefulness of lumbar phlebography in the diagnosis of various diseases of the lower spine]. PMID- 7019746 TI - [Ataxic form of Jakob-Creutzfeldt syndrome]. AB - The authors describe a man aged 43 years with a typical onset of the disease with cerebellar signs and progressive dementia prevailing during a 4 month course of the illness. Neuropathological examination demonstrated subacute spongiform encephalopathy with significant although not overwhelming damage to the cerebellar cortex. The case is an example of the ataxic form of this disease isolated in 1965. In the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cerebellar signs may play a similarly important role as myoclonia and characteristic EEG curve. PMID- 7019747 TI - Deficits in pituitary and brain cell nuclear retention of (3H)Estradiol in diabetic rats deprived of insulin: time course and metabolic correlates. AB - Withdrawal of exogenous insulin for 24 h in ovariectomized, streptozotocin diabetic rats significantly impairs estradiol uptake in whole homogenate fractions of hypothalamus-preoptic area and pituitary gland. Significant reductions in cell nuclear fractions from the same tissues are seen after 36 h of insulin deprivation. Subsequent reinstatement of insulin treatment does not yield full recovery of estradiol uptake after 24 h of insulin replacement. Fat content of the diet has no effect on brain or pituitary estradiol uptake in diabetic animals deprived of insulin for 36 h. Circulating levels of triglycerides, ketones, glucose, glycerol and free fatty acids were found to predict uptake levels to a significant extent, but no single metabolite is reliably predictive across tissues. These data demonstrate that insulin-dependent changes in brain and pituitary uptake of estradiol in rats are slow to develop, and they support the hypothesis that at least some of the reproductive dysfunctions observed in diabetic rats may be the result of impaired cell nuclear estradiol binding in hypothalamus and pituitary. PMID- 7019748 TI - Estrous behavior and pituitary and brain cell nuclear retention of [3H]estradiol in chronically insulin-deficient female rats. AB - Chronic insulin deficiency, produced by administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, leads to reduced estrous behavior and lower estradiol uptake in both whole homogenate and cell nuclear fractions of hypothalamus-preoptic area and pituitary gland in ovariectomized rats. High dietary fat intake produces an ameliorative effect on both lordosis behavior and estradiol uptake, relative to animals fed a standard, carbohydrate-rich diet. Plasma glucose levels are significantly correlated with estradiol uptake levels in brain and pituitary, and with plasma radioactivity levels. The data support the hypothesis that some of the reproductive dysfunctions manifest in female diabetic rats are the result of alterations in nuclear binding of estradiol by central nervous tissue, and that chronic fuel deprivation may represent an important correlate of disruptions in normal steroid action among diabetics. PMID- 7019749 TI - In vivo characterization of the mechanisms that secrete enkephalin-like peptides stored in dog adrenal medulla. PMID- 7019750 TI - The diagnosis of solitary primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the posterior fossa with computed tomography. AB - The CT findings in two surgically and histologically verified cases of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the cerebellar hemisphere with secondary involvement of the cerebellopontine angle are presented. It is suggested that a correct diagnosis is possible by CT if the following criteria are present: 1. slightly increased attenuation of the mass on the precontrast scan; 2. mottled appearance of the definitely enhancing mass; 3. ill-defined borders on both the pre- and postcontrast scans; 4. degree of mass effect less than that expected from the size of the lesion; 5. involvement of the cerebellopontine angle without signs indicating an extra-axial origin of the tumor. These criteria reflect the gross and microscopic neuropathological features of the tumor. PMID- 7019751 TI - The birth and growth of neuroradiology in the USA. AB - Neuroradiology in the USA was started by the neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, who personally made the first X-rays used to treat a patient with a neurological disability, and Walter Dandy, who first performed air ventriculography, ventriculoscopy, air encephalography and air myelography. The father of neuroradiology in the USA was Merrill Sosman, Cushing's associate. Modern neuroradiology was introduced into the USA from Europe by Mannie Schechter who was one of the original team of three Chief Editors of Neuroradiology. PMID- 7019752 TI - Progress in clinical use of biofeedback. PMID- 7019753 TI - [Scientific work of H. Von Mayersbach]. PMID- 7019754 TI - [Alcohol-dehydrogenase from yeast A crystallographic interpretation (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7019755 TI - [Coarctation of the descending aorta. A personal case in an 18-month-old girl]. PMID- 7019756 TI - [Acute abdomen caused by spontaneous perforation of the colon]. AB - The literature on simple ulcer of the colon is reviewed. Three successfully treated cases of spontaneous perforation of the colon due to ulcer of the sigmoid, and single and multiple ulceration of the caecum are described, with particular reference to their aetiopathogenesis. The view that simple ulcer is caused by mechanical and circulatory factors, with or without inflammation, is expressed. Surgical management of this lesion must take the patient's age and local and general condition into account. These parameters will determine the type of operation employed, ranging from simple colorrhaphy to variously extensive resection of the perforated segment. PMID- 7019757 TI - [Clinical and anatomopathological considerations on leiomyoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7019758 TI - [Transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty]. AB - On the basis of a thourough anatomosurgical study of Vater's ampulla and after a critical survey of all surgical techniques for the sphincter of Oddi, the indications for and technique of total papillosphincteroplasty are presented. The results obtained in 544 total papillosphincteroplasties, their possible complications and failure supported by long-term (from 6 months to 7 years) follow-up are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that papillosphincteroplasty is to be considered the surgical technique of choice in the treatment of benign pathology of the main bile way. PMID- 7019759 TI - [Does the number of treated rejection episodes in the first transplantation influence the survival of the patient with kidney re-transplantation?]. AB - The records of 77 patients who received a second kidney transplant at the Surgery Department of Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, have been re-examined to assess the influence of the number of rejection episodes treated during the first transplant on the survival of the second. 61 of the 77 retransplanted patients lost their first kidney for immunological reasons. 6 did not present any treated episode of rejection, 45 one episode only and in 10 greater than 1 episode was treated during the first transplant. P less than 0.05 from 1 to 5 years as regards survival of the second transplants in patients whose first kidney did not present treated rejection episodes by comparison with those presenting 1 or greater than 1. No significant difference was noted in patient survival in the various groups under examination. On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that, in addition to the cause of failure and duration of the first transplant, the number of treated rejection episodes during the first transplant should be considered as a critical parameter for better selection of the most suitable candidates for receiving a second transplant. PMID- 7019760 TI - [Influence of ischemia time on the long-term survival of kidney re-transplants]. AB - The influence of warm and cold ischemia times on the long term survival of subsequent renal allografts has been evaluated. The retrospective study has involved 77 patients who in the year period 1966-1977 were submitted to 86 subsequent renal allografts at the Department of Surgery of the Addenbrooke's Hospital-Cambridge. Although a trend to do better was found in the group of allografts having warm ischemia time greater than 45' and less than 90' and cold ischemia time greater than 200' and less than 400', no statistical difference resulted in the survival curves among the various groups at examination. PMID- 7019761 TI - [Domperidone as an anti-emetic in antineoplastic chemotherapy]. AB - The antiemetic effects of domperidone in patients undergoing post-surgical cytostatic treatment for stomach and colorectal carcinoma have been evaluated. The study has been performed on 3 groups of patients treated with domperidone, metoclopramide and placebo respectively. The antiemetic activity of domperidone proved to be better than that of metoclopramide. No side effects were observed in patients treated with domperidone. PMID- 7019762 TI - [384 papillosphincterostomy operations. Indications, technic, results and long term control]. AB - The immediate and long-term results of 384 papillosphincterostomy operations carried out between 1969 and 1979 are presented and discussed. After defining the operation exactly, indications for it are illustrated, i.e.: VP lithiasis, fibrosclerotic odditis, Oddian functional pathology and other pathologies. Special attention is paid to diagnostic techniques. After commenting on surgical techniques, the results obtained in the immediate postoperative course are examined and it is pointed out that complications specific to the type of operation occurred in 1.5% of cases, with a mortality of 1.3% and an incidence of acute pancreatitis of 0.3% (3 cases of which 1 fatal). 162 patients (42%) were followed up between 10 years and 3 months after operation. Follow-up showed the absence of late after-effects and as well as the advantages of effecting an extensive incisura at the Oddian sphincter. PMID- 7019763 TI - [A case of mycotic aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery]. PMID- 7019764 TI - [Mechanical occlusion due to acute appendicitis. Review of literature and report of a clinical case]. PMID- 7019765 TI - [Use of the mechanical suturing device in the formation of anastomoses after anterior resection of the rectum]. PMID- 7019766 TI - [Complications of boutonneuse fever]. AB - Complications are rare in boutonneuse fever. This is clear from the brief review offered of the relevant literature. Reference is made to the clinical records of a personal series collected in Sicily during the current endemo-epidemic expansion of the disease through some regions of Italy. Primary complications appear in the form of cutaneous vesicles, a pyramidally located psychosensorial syndrome, transient atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischaemia, anuria with hyperazotaemia and another severe renal impairment. Careful clinical investigation of cases with unusual symptoms is recommended, coupled with systematic pathogenetic examination along modern lines. PMID- 7019767 TI - [Characteristics of the rash in Mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. AB - The typical papulomacular picture of boutonneuse fever is described. A series of atypical exanthemas is presented: simply erythemato-macular and typhus-like, nodular, vesicular. Skin biopsies showing the endothelial, thrombotic and parietal aspects of periadventitial infiltration (this being sometimes moderately and extensively pericapillary) are also presented. The reason for the absence of extensive thrombisation in extensive, marked rickettsiotic endothelitis are discussed, and stress is laid to the hitherto little-discussed, but significant involvement of dermal collagen. PMID- 7019768 TI - [Informational note on the International Professional Union of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (UPIGO) and the European Union of Specialist Physicians (UEMS)]. PMID- 7019769 TI - [Vulvovaginal mycoses. Clinical study of a new antimycotic drug econazole]. PMID- 7019770 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical and histological study of 20 cases]. PMID- 7019771 TI - [Controlled study of treatment of steroids and chlorambucil, in alternate months, for membranous nephropathy and focal glomerulosclerosis. Preliminary evaluation of the results]. PMID- 7019772 TI - [Electromyographic changes induced with oral supplements of carnitine in patients under regular periodical hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 7019773 TI - [GH, insulin and glucide intolerance in chronic uremia. Changes during hemodialysis treatment and after renal transplantation]. PMID- 7019774 TI - [Medical or surgical treatment in renovascular hypertension after renal transplantation?]. PMID- 7019775 TI - N-Methyl-D-aspartate acid: a convulsant with weak neurotoxic properties. AB - N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) is 100-fold less potent as a neurotoxin than kainic acid when injected into the rat striatum. However, NMDA, when injected into the hippocampus, causes a more severe seizure disorder than kainic acid and doses of NMDA than produce much smaller lesions than those caused by kainate. These results indicate a poor correlation between convulsant and neurotoxic properties of acidic excitatory amino acids. PMID- 7019776 TI - Fatal pneumonia. Emergence of an amikacin sulfate-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7019777 TI - Charles Darwin's reprobation of nature. "Clumsy, wasteful, blundering low & horribly cruel.". PMID- 7019778 TI - Francis Bacon (1561-1626). His interest and influence in education, science, and medicine. PMID- 7019779 TI - Early medical photography in america (1839-1883). VII. American medical publications with photographs. PMID- 7019780 TI - History without lachrymation. PMID- 7019781 TI - Antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 among the healthy New Zealand population. AB - The antibody levels to Legionella pneumophila, serotype 1 in two groups of healthy New Zealanders have been determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. These have been compared with antibody levels obtained from patients' sera submitted for L. pneumophila antibody levels. Significant levels of antibody have been found among the healthy people. The lower age groups demonstrated greater levels of immunity than those of patients suspected of having the disease. PMID- 7019783 TI - The development of abdominal surgery in New Zealand. PMID- 7019782 TI - Sustained release indomethacin: a double blind comparison with indomethacin suppositories. AB - A double-blind crossover comparison of sustained release indomethacin capsules and indomethacin suppositories showed no efficacy advantage to either preparation. In other respects the two preparations were found to be comparable. More patients preferred the convenience of the oral route of medication when given the choice after the study was concluded. PMID- 7019784 TI - A national trial on the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. AB - A new anti-cancer agent, misonidazole, is now available for investigational purposes. It is a radiation sensitiser, and a national trial is described for its use in the curative treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. The co-operation of doctors is sought in referring patients for this study. PMID- 7019786 TI - Cefoxitin-associated renal failure. AB - Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium. One with stable chronic renal failure due to reflux nephropathy underwent a rapid deterioration of renal function which proved fatal. The other woman had rheumatoid arthritis and developed acute tubular necrosis after treatment with gentamicin and cefoxitin. All the data suggested that the antibiotic was responsible for the deterioration in renal function. The dose of cefoxitin should be reduced in patients with renal functional impairment. Cefoxitin should either be used with great caution or not prescribed in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7019785 TI - Effect of daily supplements of selenium on patients with muscular complaints in Otago and Canterbury. AB - The alleged beneficial effect of selenium (Se) on fibromuscular rheumatism in residents of low soil-Se areas of New Zealand has been explored. Three dosing trials, two of them double blind trials, using physiological daily supplements (100 micrograms Se) of sodium selenite or selenomethionine and a placebo have been carried out. Blood Se and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GSHPX) activities were monitored and clinical assessment of the efficacy of the treatment was made during the trials. Blood Se and GSHPX activities rose in all patients who received Se whereas those in control groups remained more or less constant throughout the study. Clinical assessment of muscular symptoms showed that approximately half of the patients in both trial groups and placebo groups responded to treatment. Thus we have been unable to give conclusive evidence of a response to Se supplementation for relief of muscular complaints. PMID- 7019787 TI - The early days of insulin in New Zealand. PMID- 7019789 TI - Mesenteric lymphadenitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: a case report. PMID- 7019788 TI - Abortion in the nineteenth century Maori: a historical and ethnopsychiatric review. AB - The recorded evidence for the practice of induced abortion in the nineteenth century Maori is evaluated. Aborticide as opposed to feticide in late pregnancy an infanticide was very rare. Aborticide was not practised for fear of retributive Makutu. PMID- 7019790 TI - A baby born with a multi-system handicap. PMID- 7019791 TI - Observations on tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in sheep. PMID- 7019792 TI - Profile of a distinguished teacher. PMID- 7019793 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 7019795 TI - Intraamniotic infection due to group G streptococcus: treatment and antibody response. AB - Penicillin treatment and antibody response were studied using a rhesus monkey model for intraamniotic infection with type III group B streptococci (T3GBS). Acute and convalescent phase sera from mothers and their offspring were tested with a radioactive antigen-binding assay to determine the concentration of antibody to the capsular T3GBS antigen. The frequency of placentitis was significantly lower in penicillin-treated animals (3 of 8) than in controls (10 of 10; P less than .01). The penicillin group also had a significantly lower neonatal mortality (1 of 9) than controls (6 of 10; P less than .05). Both groups of rhesus mothers developed a significant increase in concentration of antibody to T3GBS, but the antibody response was of lesser magnitude in the penicillin treated group. This experimental model appears to be useful for studying both therapy for intraamniotic infection and the humoral immune response to infection with T3GBS. PMID- 7019794 TI - A review of the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma. AB - To summarize the review, the medical literature indicates that certain constitutional factors as well as the use of exogenous estrogen are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. In addition, the absolute increase in the risk of this neoplasm with use of estrogen does not appear to be constant but depends upon the specific constitutional factors present. Therefore, particular caution should be exercised in prescribing replacement estrogens for women who already have an increased risk of endometrial cancer, such as those who are overweight or those who give a history of late onset of menopause. It should be noted, however, that the greatest absolute increase in risk with estrogen use appears to occur in women with no other known risk factors for the disease. PMID- 7019796 TI - Surgical circumcision of neonates: a history of its development. PMID- 7019797 TI - [Gnathologic technics in complete prosthetics using SR IVOCAP resin]. PMID- 7019798 TI - Medicare coverage in nursing homes. A broken promise. PMID- 7019799 TI - A profile of OSMA's new president. Stewart B. Dunsker, M.D.: sharing a collective legacy. PMID- 7019800 TI - 100 years ago: household medicine and treatment: the gospel according to Dr. Chase. PMID- 7019801 TI - [Effect of removal of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland from rat fetuses on the development of pancreatic B-cell function]. AB - The reactivity of pancreatic B-cells of the decapitated and encephalectomized rat foetuses was determined by changes of insulin secretion in response to glucose introduction in the incubation medium. Upon removal of hypophysis together with hypothalamus in the intact rat females and females with alloxanic diabetes on the 17.5-18.5 day of prenatal development, their pancreas, unlike that of the control foetuses, remained refractory to glucose on the 21.5 day of development. The removal of hypothalamus only upon encephalectomy of the foetuses of the same age led to a similar effect, thus suggesting possible influence of hypothalamus on the regulation of functional maturation of the pancreatic B-cells in the end of prenatal development. Upon the combined incubation of pancreas fragments of the decapitated rat foetuses with adenohypophyses of the adult rats, the effect of decapitation was cut short and the gland responded by the increase of insulin secretion to the rise of glucose content in the medium. PMID- 7019802 TI - [Morphophysiological characteristics of the development and involution of mammary gland structures in murine radiation chimeras]. AB - A study of development and involution of the mammary glands was carried out in syngeneic and xenogeneic mouse radiation chaimeras at different times after transplantation of the bone marrow cells, before and after restoration of the lymphoid tissue. The data obtained suggest the important role of the lymphoid (immune) component in the processes of development and involution of the mammary gland structures, as well the necessity of genetic homology of the hemopoietic elements and the mammary gland cells. PMID- 7019804 TI - The autogenous particulate cancellous bone marrow graft in alveolar clefts. A report of forty-one cases. PMID- 7019803 TI - Control of pain by mefenamic acid following removal of impacted molar. A double blind, placebo-controlled study. AB - The efficacy of mefenamic acid, aspirin, and placebo in the control of postsurgical pain was compared in a double-blind, randomized study of forty-seven patients. Medication was begun as soon as the anesthetic began to wear off and was continued as needed to a maximum of eight doses over a 48-hour period. The results were analyzed in terms of the patient's assessment of postsurgical pain, and the patient's and the investigator's evaluation of drug efficacy. In the population studied, mefenamic acid was well tolerated. Mefenamic acid was clearly superior to placebo and equalled or exceeded the ability of aspirin to control postsurgical pain in the parameters measured. PMID- 7019806 TI - [History of medicine in Hungary]. PMID- 7019805 TI - Treatment of xerostomia: a double-blind trial in 108 patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The first-ever controlled study of a therapeutic modality for xerostomia is reported. A recently described formulation for saliva substitute (SS) has been tested against a glycerine mouthwash as a control saliva substitute (placebo) in a double-blind clinical trial in 108 patients with varying grades of xerostomia of Sjogren's syndrome. The results indicate that SS offered significant relief of nocturnal oral discomfort (p less than 0.02) and more patients reported "excellent" improvement (p less than 0.01) on a five-point graded response. In all other respects, the SS was not significantly better than the placebo. Significant adverse effects were not reported. It is suggested that any such current and future therapeutic modalities for Sjogren's syndrome be subjected to similar critical appraisal of their worth. PMID- 7019808 TI - [30 years of health insurance in Hungary]. PMID- 7019807 TI - [Lajos Szodoray, M.D. (1904-1980)]. PMID- 7019810 TI - [Medical book illustrations in the 15th to 18th centuries]. PMID- 7019809 TI - [Artistic metamorphosis of a medical student (centenary of the birth of Ferenc Medgyessy)]. PMID- 7019811 TI - [Istvan Varga (1895-1981)]. PMID- 7019812 TI - [Nobel Prize winners in medicine for 1980. Immunogenetic significance of the main histocompatibility system (George Snell, Jean Dausset, Baruj Benacerraf)]. PMID- 7019813 TI - [Those who are born editors cannot be claimed even by medicine (Kalman Osvath)]. PMID- 7019814 TI - [Antal Velits (1855-1915)]. PMID- 7019815 TI - [Curie and medicine (Pierre Curie)]. PMID- 7019818 TI - [Dusodril in trials of ear buzzing treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019816 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019817 TI - [Seronegative rheumatoid spondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019820 TI - [Sensitivity states of the rabbit small intestine in the loop test]. PMID- 7019819 TI - [Steroid stimulation in adrenal tumor cells with enterotoxins from Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7019821 TI - [Immunological factors in Salmonella infections in infants]. PMID- 7019822 TI - [Antibody-binding bacteria in the urine in infantile pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7019824 TI - Hyperaldosteronism after heart surgery in children. Part II: Regulation of aldosterone secretion. AB - The relative importance of the various mechanisms responsible for development of postoperative hyperaldosteronism (HA) is not known. Therefore, serum sodium (NA), plasma-renin activity (PRA) and plasma cortisol (PC) were evaluated in pediatric patients with transient HA following heart surgery. PRA and PC were elevated and NA was depressed postoperatively. Plasma aldosterone (PA) was negatively correlated with NA (r = -0.77; p less than 0.001) and positively correlated with PRA (r = 0.68; p less than 0.01) but was not significantly correlated with PC. PRA and NA were significantly negatively correlated (r = 0.53; p less than 0.005). Multiple regression analysis revealed that NA had the strongest influence on PA, with PRA having a somewhat lesser but still significant influence; PC had no influence. Despite the significant negative correlation between PRA and NA, the interaction of the two variables in influencing PA was not significant (partial F-test; F = 0.12; p greater tha 0.5). It is concluded that in the postoperative state sodium depletion stimulates secretion of aldosterone not only via the angiotensin-renin system but also in a significant manner by a mechanism unrelated to the angiotensin-renin system. ACTH does not seem to play an important role in postoperative HA. PMID- 7019823 TI - [Perinatal infections caused by rare agents. 2. Serratia marcescens]. PMID- 7019825 TI - [Centenary of the discovery of the causative agent of malaria]. PMID- 7019826 TI - [Summaries of the presentations at the annual meeting of the Foundation for Research in Hormonology. 22 January 1981]. PMID- 7019827 TI - Current concepts of chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7019828 TI - Circulatory shock: a review. PMID- 7019829 TI - Recurrence of antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in sheep renal allografts. AB - Renal autografts and allografts were placed in the necks of nephrectomized sheep. Some of the sheep which received allografts had been previously injected with human glomerular basement membrane to induce an autoimmune antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. All previously diseased and normal recipient animals were treated wtih azathioprine and prednisone from the day before transplantation. The autografts and immunosuppressed allografts in normal recipients functioned similarly for the first 6 d, but subsequently the allografts deteriorated. Allografts in untreated recipients functioned for less than 3 d. Most (90%) of the allografts in previously diseased sheep developed heavy proteinuria and haematuria immediately after transplantation and their renal function remained low. These grafts showed severe glomerular lesions by the third day, and by 8 d more than 50% of the glomeruli contained crescents. At corresponding intervals the glomeruli of autografts and allografts in normal recipients showed only minor changes. These results demonstrate that antiglomerular basement antibodies circulating in the host at the time of transplantation are a significant threat to the survival of renal allografts. PMID- 7019831 TI - The asphyxiated bladder demonstrated by 99mTc-D.T.P.A. renal scan. PMID- 7019830 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease in the same patient: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7019832 TI - The Coffin-Siris syndrome. A report of four cases and review of the literature. AB - Four additional cases of the Coffin-Siris syndrome bring the number of reported cases to 16. This disorder is characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the nails, especially those of the fifth fingers and toes, growth retardation and mental deficiency, microcephaly, coarse facial appearance, sparse scalp hair and lax joints. Feeding difficulties and respiratory problems are common in infancy. Absence or hypoplasia of the distal and middle phalanges, especially those of the fifth finger and toes and retarded bone maturation are the most common radiological features. PMID- 7019833 TI - Opsonization of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7019834 TI - Transplacental transfer of aldosterone and its effects on renal function in the fetal lamb. AB - Seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs between 100 and 130 days gestation (term, 140 to 145 days) and five unborn lambs were infused with d-aldosterone monoacetate, 100 microgram/kg bolus, and 100 microgram/kg over 60 min. Fetal lamb plasma aldosterone levels increased from a mean and S.E. baseline of 4.5 +/- 0.3 microgram/dl to greater than 100 microgram/dl. Maternal plasma aldosterone concentrations increased from 10.2 +/- 0.8 to 26.2 +/- 2.4 microgram/dl after 15 min (P less than 0.05) of the infusion. Amniotic fluid levels increased from 13.3 +/- 0.8 to 23.8 +/- 2.3 microgram/dl (P less than 0.05) after 15 min of infusion. There was no change in plasma renin activity levels in the fetus or pregnant ewe. Urine sodium excretion decreased from 0.87 +/- 0.09 to 0.34 total mEq (P less than 0.05), and urine potassium increased from 0.25 +/- 0.06 to 0.38 +/- 0.07 total mEq (P less than 0.05) between 60 and 90 min after the start of the infusion in the fetal lamb. There was no change in creatinine clearance or urinary sodium and potassium excretion in the newborn lamb. These data show that aldosterone crosses the placenta during the last trimester in the fetal lamb and can control sodium and potassium transport in the distal renal tubule. Lack of distal tubular responsiveness to aldosterone in the newborn is not due to maturational factors. PMID- 7019835 TI - [Participation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in basic defensive mechanisms]. PMID- 7019836 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in immunological reactions]. PMID- 7019837 TI - Understanding the Pleurevac. AB - The infant nonmetered Pleurevac was studied under laboratory conditions. Evacuation of a spirometer was measured at various negative pressures through the infant thoracostomy tubes routinely used in the clinical setting. In addition, a tension pneumothorax model was designed, and factors affecting its evacuation rate were studied. In accordance with Poiseuille's law, the evacuation rate was proportional to the negative pressure applied to the thoracostomy tube, and the radius of the tube. The airflow rate (bubble rate) through the Pleurevac was found to be of minor importance in affecting evacuation. PMID- 7019838 TI - Glucose polymer tolerance in premature infants. AB - Some formulas designed for premature infants contain glucose polymer (GP) as part of their carbohydrate content. GP tolerance tests and lactose tolerance tests were performed on 11 healthy premature infants at 2 to 3 weeks of age to compare their ability to digest and absorb GP and lactose. Total plasma reducing substances (TPRS), plasma insulin (PI), and plasma glucose were measured 10 minutes before and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the oral carbohydrate test meal. Lactose and GP stimulated a significant increase in TPRS at 30 and 60 minutes and produced similar glycemic responses. However, GP stimulated PI response whether measured as the area under the PI response curve or as the PI/TPRS ratio. It was concluded that although GP and lactose evoke similar glycemic responses, they differ in their abilities to stimulate insulin secretion. The mechanism controlling this differential insulin response is unknown. PMID- 7019839 TI - Effectiveness of terbutaline and theophylline alone and in combination in exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - Theophylline and terbutaline, alone and in combination, were evaluated for effectiveness in treating exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) when used at doses that should be tolerated by adolescents taking them intermittently: theophylline, 250 mg (fast release) and terbutaline, 2.5 mg. Twenty-one subjects, 12 to 19 years of age, with EIB performed standardized exercise tests on four separate days and received either theophylline, terbutaline, the combination, or placebo in a prerandomized double-blind manner prior to exercise. Exercise tests were performed two and five hours after each study drug administration. Blood samples were drawn before and again two and five hours after drug administration for theophylline level. Pulmonary function [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow rate (FEF 25% to 75%)] was recorded before and after exercise. All of the active treatments were better than placebo in diminishing EIB. The combination was statistically better than terbutaline or theophylline alone. The effect of theophylline was not significantly different from that of terbutaline. The combination induced significantly more tremor than either agent individually. Either drug alone or the two in combination is effective for diminishing EIB. Although the combination may have additive properties for some patients, the increased incidence of tremor may diminish its appeal. Either drug alone or in combination is effective in decreasing EIB for at least five hours, which makes them practical choices for treatment of school-aged children. PMID- 7019840 TI - Controlled evaluation of muscle relaxation in the ventilated neonate. AB - To assess the effects of muscle relaxation on the critically ill ventilated neonate, pancuronium bromide was administered for a 12-hour period to ten low birth-weight neonates (960 to 2,000 gm) of 26 to 34 weeks gestation, all whom required mechanical ventilation and were studied within 48 hours of birth (six to 39 hours). The infants were also studied for a 12-hour period during which no pancuronium bromide was administered. During both study periods, the order of which was randomized, heart rate, blood pressure, PO2, and intracranial pressure were continuously measured. The amounts of handling during the pancuronium and control periods were similar. The results revealed a significantly greater duration of hypoxia (PO2 less than 50 torr) (56.1 vs 23.6 minutes, P less than .001) and hyperoxia (PO2 greater than 70 torr) during the control period (92.5 vs 13 minutes, P less than .001). Durations of intracranial pressure elevation 10 cm H2O above the infant's baseline were significantly less during paralysis (6.7 vs 58.8 minutes, P less than .001) as were spikes of intracranial pressure to greater than 25 cm H2O (1.6 vs 24.4, P less than .05). There was no significant improvement in blood gas values, fractional inspiratory oxygen, or ventilator settings during muscle relaxation. Pancuronium reduced periods of nonoptimal oxygenation and elevated intracranial pressure and may therefore help to decrease adverse sequelae for the low-birth-weight, ventilated neonate. PMID- 7019841 TI - Indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus: a double-blind control study. AB - A double-blind control study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of indomethacin treatment of patients with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus were eligible for the prospective study if the ratio of left atrial/aortic root diameter remained greater than or equal to 1.3:1 following a 24-hour period of medical management. Thirty-nine eligible infants were randomly assigned to the control or indomethacin group and given 0.2 mg/kg of enteral indomethacin or placebo in a double-blind manner. Second and third doses were administered at 24-hour intervals in phase 1 (17 patients), and at eight-hour intervals in phase 2 (22 patients). The 75% patent ductus arteriosus closure rate with indomethacin treatment in phase 1 was not statistically significant due to a 44% spontaneous closure rate in the control group. In phase 2, however, 85% of the indomethacin group demonstrated patent ductus arteriosus closure vs only 11% in the matched control group (P less than .01). Although no indomethacin side effects occurred in phase 1, in phase 2 indomethacin administration was associated with minimal, but statistically significant, transient impaired renal function and, in three infants (23%), mild upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In summary, enteral administration of three 0.2 mg/kg indomethacin doses at eight hour intervals thus appears to be a safe and effective alternative to surgical closure. PMID- 7019843 TI - L'Hopital Des Enfants-Malades, the world's first children's hospital, founded in Paris in 1802. PMID- 7019842 TI - Toxoplasmosis: a treatable neurologic disease in the immunologically compromised patient. AB - A 10-year-old girl with aplastic anemia developed seizures and a mild hemiparesis following a bone marrow transplant. Based on serologic evidence and a computed tomography scan, which showed a left parietal lucency with ring enhancement, a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was considered. A brain biopsy of the lucent area demonstrated the inflammation and necrosis but no organisms were seen. During a six-week course of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid therapy there was clinical and neuroradiologic resolution. The short course of therapy as well as the inadvertent substitution of folic acid for folinic acid and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole for sulfadiazine resulted in the reappearance of neurologic deficits. Reinstitution of appropriate therapy produced gradual improvement over a nine-month period. Serial computer tomography scans correlated with the clinical course. In the immunologically compromised host CNS toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an evolving CNS syndrome. Early detection and prolonged therapy with appropriate drugs can result in a favorable outcome. Computed tomography scanning may be helpful in diagnosis and follow-up. PMID- 7019844 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of homograft renal artery stenosis in a 10 year-old girl. AB - Hypertension caused by 90% stenosis of a transplant renal artery was effectively treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the stenosed artery. Following dilation no pressure gradient existed across the stenosis. Hypertension had developed in a 10-year-old girl with caudal regression syndrome and recurrent pylonephritis five months following homograft transplantation for chronic renal failure. Since percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed, the blood pressure has remained within age-related normal limits. PMID- 7019845 TI - [Clinical importance of the vivo and in vitro study of cellular immunity indices in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7019847 TI - The 4-th dimension of 3-D (2). PMID- 7019848 TI - Tactile pattern perception. PMID- 7019846 TI - [Radioisotope study in pediatric nephrologic practice]. PMID- 7019850 TI - [Complications during the biopsy of transplanted kidneys]. PMID- 7019849 TI - [Clinical, functional and therapeutic aspects of chronic bronchitis and emphysema]. PMID- 7019851 TI - [Pathophysiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants (author's transl)]. AB - A review of the publications on mediators of pyloric contraction, together with experimental lesions in animals, suggest that the lesions characteristic of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants (hypertrophy of Torgersen's circular muscle and degenerative changes in Auerbach's myenteric plexus) are probably functional in nature. The hypothesis of a double mechanism is discussed. The primary defect would be an excess of pyloric contraction agonists, such as duodenal hormones and acetylcholine. This would be followed by self-maintenance of the lesions, where pyloric spasm and subsequent distension of the antrum would induce gastrin release with secondary stimulation of duodenal hormone release by oxyntic secretion and acidification of the duodenum. PMID- 7019852 TI - [Jean Dausset, Nobel Prize in 1980]. PMID- 7019853 TI - The sequence of the ribosomal 16S RNA from Proteus vulgaris. Sequence comparison with E. coli 16S RNA and its use in secondary model building. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S RNA from Proteus vulgaris has been determined. The molecule (1544 nucleotides) shows 93% homology with the sequence of E. coli 16S RNA. Six methylated nucleotides have been localized in positions homologous to those observed in the E. coli RNA molecule. Both E. coli and P. vulgaris 16S RNA chains can be folded up into a common secondary structure scheme. Comparative sequence analysis of the two molecules has provided a valuable contribution to 16S RNA secondary structure model building. PMID- 7019854 TI - Mechanism of the interaction between ribosomal protein S1 and oligonucleotides. AB - The interaction of the ribosomal protein S1 from E. coli MRE 600 with oligonucleotides was studied by hydrodynamic, spectrophotometric, and kinetic methods. UV-difference spectra which are induced by the complex formation could be separated into a hyperchromic contribution originating from the nucleic acid moiety and a hypochromic contribution from the protein. Systematic determination of binding and rate constants was carried out by the temperature-jump relaxation technique. From the quantitative evaluation of the relaxation times and the relaxation amplitudes, the following conclusions could be drawn: The stoichiometry of the complex formation is one mole S1 per one mole oligonucleotide. The binding constant K, the recombination rate constant kR, and the dissociation rate constant kD, respectively, were measured at different temperatures. The values at 10 degrees C are K = 2 x 10(6) M-1, kR = 1.3 x 10(8) M-1S-1, kD = 65 s-1 for A(pA) 12 and K = 7.5 x 10(5) M-1, kR = 6.8 x 10(7) M-1S 1, kD = 90 S-1 for U(pU) 12. Discrepancies with data reported elsewhere are discussed. The stacking-unstacking equilibrium of the free oligonucleotide is frozen if the oligonucleotide is bound to the protein. The conformational change of the oligonucleotide does not occur in the form of a preequilibrium, but is induced after the primary binding step. PMID- 7019855 TI - The properties of ATP-analogs in initiation of RNA synthesis catalyzed by RNA polymerase from E coli. AB - Various base and sugar modified derivatives of ATP and UTP were used as substrate analogs for the steady state initiation reaction ATP+UTP=pppApU and the single step addition reaction ApC+ATP=ApCpA. These reactions were carried out by E. coli RNA polymerase on T7 DNA in the presence of rifampicin. The steady state kinetic parameters of the analogs, either as substrates or inhibitors, were determined. On the basis of the obtained results it is concluded that purine NTP s in initiation require anti-conformation about the glycosidic bonds as well as gauche gauche conformation of the C(4')-C(5') bonds. The latter conformation is also a prerequisite for substrates in elongation, whereas strict anti-conformation of glycosidic bonds is not. PMID- 7019856 TI - Effects of magnesium and ionic strength on the diffusion and charge properties of several single tRNA species. AB - The technique of laser light scattering was used to evaluate the effects of Mg+2 and ionic strength on the solution structures of seven tRNA species. Information about ion effects on both conformation and electric charge were derived from measurements of the translational diffusion constants and diffusive virial coefficients. E. coli tRNAMetf and six elongator tRNAs from both Class I and II were studied. The diffusion measurements show that the responses of all but the initiator species are qualitatively similar to each other and to that of bulk tRNA, but that significant quantitative differences also obtain. All of the elongator species exhibited an anomolous increase in diffusivity reported earlier by us for bulk tRNA when placed in a low salt-low Mg+2 condition. The initiator tRNA did not undergo this transition and unlike the other tRNAs tested was apparently more compact in 1 mM Mg+2 than 10 mM Mg+2 at ionic strengths in excess of 0.1 M. At 0.1 M ionic strength, pH 7.2, the average net charge of the tRNAs ranged from 7-12 e- in 1 mM Mg+2 and 3-7 e- in 10 mM Mg+2, consistent with the binding of 1-2 additional Mg+2 ions in the higher Mg+2 condition. PMID- 7019857 TI - A new approach to the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides bearing 'cap' structure. PMID- 7019858 TI - Association of a synthetic precistronic region with 70S ribosomes is enhanced by an intact initiation triplet and a sequence complementary to the 3'-terminus of 16S rRNA. AB - The sequence, AGGACAUAUGp, which is identical to the precistronic region of the bacteriophage Q beta A protein was synthesized by chemical and enzymatic means. Methods for synthesizing this sequence and analogues of this sequence using RNA ligase forward and back reactions from short oligonucleotides of defined sequence, are reported, including a useful means of purifying the oligonucleotides by preparative electrophoresis, as well as removal of 32p-ATP, salts and buffers by a simple filter binding technique. E. coli 70S ribosomes bind the synthetic native precistronic region substantially better than related probes in which the 16S complementary region, AGCA, is replaced by the anticomplementary region, UCCU, or is altogether absent. In addition, an intact initiation codon, AUG, is essential for interaction of mRNA with prokaryotic ribosomes. PMID- 7019859 TI - Synthesis of 3'-half molecule (nucleotides 36-76) of yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - We have successfully ligated the 12 nucleotide fragment (nucleotides 46-57) with the p19p nucleotide fragment (nucleotides 58-76) to form a 31p nucleotide fragment (nucleotides 46-76) which after 5'-phosphorylation was in turn joined to the 10 nucleotide fragment (nucleotides 36-45) to give the 3'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA. PMID- 7019861 TI - 13C-NMR studies on tertiary structures of E. coli tRNAs with 13C-labeling method. PMID- 7019860 TI - Total synthesis of tRNAfMet. AB - Oligonucleotides corresponding to the E. coli tRNAfMet fragments and their analogs have been synthesized by the phosphodiester or phosphotriester method. The nascent fragments were joined by using RNA ligase to yield a total tRNA molecule. The synthetic molecule was tested its ability to accept methionine in the presence of purified methionyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli. The charged tRNA and the hydrolyzed methionine were isolated by gel filtration. The discharged tRNA was characterized by nearest neighbor analysis and 5'-end analysis. PMID- 7019862 TI - The synthesis and properties of some 5-substituted uracil derivatives. AB - The chemical syntheses of some 5-substituted uracil deorivatives, in particular 5 vinyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 4-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxy uridine are reviewed and their potential as radiation sensitizing agents, anti cancer agents and antiviral agents is discussed. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine is not incorporated into DNA; is a thymidylate synthetase inhibitor and has a possible use as an anti-cancer drug. 5-Vinyl-2'-dexyuridine can replace thymidine residues in DNA of phage T3; does not cause the organism to be significantly more sensitive to gamma-radiation but its presence in DNA causes the organisms to be significantly more sensitive to gamma-radiation but its presence in DNA causes the organism to lose viability, possibly through chemical cross-linking reactions of the vinyl group. 5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine is the most specific and potent antiherpes compound yet known. Its mode of action and its affects on herpes virus in vitro and in vivo with animal models and clinical observations are described. PMID- 7019863 TI - The quiet voice of nursing in the corridors of power (Dame Phyllis Friend). PMID- 7019864 TI - The battle for status. PMID- 7019866 TI - Health visiting as it was. Interview by Shirley Goodwin. PMID- 7019865 TI - A forgotten chapter. PMID- 7019867 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Exile to a wrennery. PMID- 7019868 TI - [Granulocytopenia during hemodialysis as an indicator of generalized complement activation]. PMID- 7019869 TI - [New perspectives in the study of plasma proteins and their value in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7019870 TI - [Determination of total blood insulin in the evaluation of B cell reserve in insulin-treated patients]. PMID- 7019871 TI - [Extrachromosomal bacterial antibiotic resistance]. PMID- 7019872 TI - Immunologic tests of value in diagnosis. 1. Acute phase reactants and autoantibodies. AB - Acute phase reactants are nonspecific indicators of tissue necrosis and/or inflammation but may be helpful in determining activity of disease. Rheumatoid factor is likewise rather nonspecific, but its presence is helpful in predicting the course, severity, and complications of rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous antinuclear antibodies have been identified in collagen vascular diseases; perhaps the most specific association is between anti-Sm antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-smooth-muscle and antimitochondrial antibodies can aid in differential diagnosis of liver disease, while antithyroid antibodies can perform a similar function in diffuse goiter. Anti-parietal-cell and anti intrinsic-factor antibodies are quite specific for pernicious anemia. PMID- 7019874 TI - Allergic vasculitis: most common of the necrotizing vasculitides. AB - Allergic vasculitis presents with purpuric lesions that are distinguishable by their palpability and by their distribution primarily on the lower extremities. The disease can affect any organ system but most often involves the kidneys, joints, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or nervous system. Histopathologic examination shows characteristic destruction of the vessel wall by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Numerous etiologic agents have been implicated, but streptococcal infection and drug ingestion are the most common. Presumptive evidence suggests that the disease is due to immune complexes. The workup is aimed at establishing the cause and extent of systemic involvement, and treatment is tailored accordingly. PMID- 7019873 TI - Immunologic tests of value in diagnosis. 2. Complement. AB - Laboratory tests are available to assess the function of the complement pathway and to measure levels of individual complement components. The pattern of complement abnormalities is often helpful in suggesting diagnostic possibilities. For example, when when total hemolytic complement, C3, and C4 are all decreased, one of the rheumatoid diseases is likely. In addition, complement levels in spinal and synovial fluid may provide helpful diagnostic clues. PMID- 7019875 TI - [Thoracoscopy in 1980. A general review (author's transl)]. AB - Examining the literature and their own experience, the authors reviewed the methods, the complications and indications of modern thoracoscopy. They considered the rigid cold light thoracoscope with diathermo-coagulation. The authors stressed the importance of the macroscopic appearance of the pleural cavity, and the need to take numerous biopsies. Several types of anesthesia can be used, although the authors prefer general anesthesia for the comfort of both the patient and the doctor. Complications are very rare, the main ones being hemorrhage, pulmonary perforation and contamination of the puncture route with cancer cells. The first two can be avoided by good technique and diathermo coagulation. The latter can be prevented by systematic radiotherapy of the puncture route, in mesothelioma patients. Amongst the numerous indications mentioned, three are important: the etiological diagnosis of chronic effusion, where cancer is a major fear. In these cases, the authors get 97% of positive results. Spontaneous pneumothorax is also a good indication: thoracoscopy allows a useful separation of patients, into those who need surgical treatment, or those in whom local adhesion of the pleura with talcum powder would be effective. Finally, pulmonary biopsy via the thoracoscope is a reliable and effective technique in a large number of indications. PMID- 7019876 TI - Complications of thoracoscopy. PMID- 7019878 TI - [Endocrine diagnostic procedures and hormone treatment in male infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019879 TI - [Surgery of coronary artery disease: the last 25 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019877 TI - [Anal fissure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019880 TI - [Carcinoma of prostate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019881 TI - [Breast cancer-a brief review of our present knowledge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019882 TI - [Skin cancer epidemiology in the "canton de Vaud", Switzerland. A 5-year survey (1974-1978) by the Vaud Cancer Registry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7019885 TI - [Results of morphometric studies of the musculature of the gallbladder in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis]. PMID- 7019883 TI - [Pathology from a clinical point of view]. PMID- 7019884 TI - [Medical and legislative problems of cadaver demonstrations]. PMID- 7019887 TI - [Training possibilities in breast cytology using unfixed test excisions of fine needle aspiration biopsies]. PMID- 7019888 TI - [Lending histological slides]. PMID- 7019886 TI - [Histology of malignant vascular tumors]. PMID- 7019889 TI - A two step procedure for quantitative isolation of pure double strand DNA from animals tissues and cell cultures. PMID- 7019891 TI - [Tuberculosis in patients on programmed hemodialysis who have had a kidney allograft]. PMID- 7019890 TI - [Possibility of the transmission of malaria with cryopreserved erythrocytes]. PMID- 7019892 TI - [Development of the A. I. Strukov theory of tuberculosis]. PMID- 7019893 TI - [State of body reactivity in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7019894 TI - [Histocytobronchologic study in the diagnosis of pulmonary mycosis]. PMID- 7019895 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tracts (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7019896 TI - [Allergic and serologic reactions in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous arthritis]. PMID- 7019897 TI - [Diagnosis of a non-x-ray contrast foreign body in the bronchus]. PMID- 7019898 TI - Howard Taylor Ricketts--imaginative investigator. PMID- 7019899 TI - Benjamin Rush--heritage and hope. PMID- 7019900 TI - The Institute of Medicine--past and future by A. J. Carlson, M.D. Presidential Address, December 7, 1926. PMID- 7019901 TI - [Epidemiological methods in teratology]. PMID- 7019902 TI - A comparative study of the retention of two bridge retainers: cemented partial crowns versus adhesive resin-bonded inlays. PMID- 7019903 TI - The efficacy and tolerability of diflunisal and ASA in the relief of postoperative pain in oral surgery. PMID- 7019904 TI - A critical review of cephalometric studies of dysmorphic syndromes. PMID- 7019905 TI - Potentials of in vivo transplantation as a method in craniofacial growth research. PMID- 7019906 TI - The mandibular third molar--its predictive status and role in lower incisor crowding. PMID- 7019907 TI - Anterior guidance in somatognathic function. PMID- 7019908 TI - Kalevi Koski 60 years. PMID- 7019909 TI - 13C NMR study of transamination during acetate utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 13C NMR was used to follow the metabolism of [2- 13C]acetate and [1- 13C]acetate in aerobic suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the experiment with [2- 13C]acetate, the 13C label appeared first in glutamate C4 and subsequently in glutamate C2 and C3. After exhaustion of the acetate, the glutamate signals diminished and the aspartate C2 and C3 peaks increased. During a subsequent chase experiment with unlabeled acetate, the aspartate peaks decreased and the glutamate C2 and C3 peaks increased in intensity. These observations are interpreted in terms of an interplay between the glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and Krebs cycle activity. This interpretation was confirmed by an experiment with the transaminase inhibitor 2-amino oxyacetate. During all of these experiments, we observed the formation of trehalose. The NMR gives a direct measurement of the label distribution and from that information it followed that the flows through the glyoxylate and the Krebs cycles are comparable. The intermediates citrate, succinate, fumarate, malate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and glucose 6-phosphate were identified in a 13C NMR spectrum of a perchloric acid extract taken during the metabolism of [2- 13C]acetate. Enrichment of the glutamate C5 position shows the existence of a futile cycle in which phosphoenolpyruvate, formed from oxaloacetate, returns to the Krebs cycle through pyruvate and acetyl CoA PMID- 7019910 TI - Genetic assignment of resonances in the NMR spectrum of a protein: lac repressor. AB - By using a systematic genetic approach, the resonances in the 19F NMR spectrum of 3-fluorotyrosine-substituted lac repressor protein have been assigned. The NMR data indicate that each monomer of the repressor consists of two distinct and independent domains. One domain, the NH2-terminal sixth of the primary sequence, which has been shown to be very important for DNA binding, is very mobile. The remaining COOH-terminal sequence is more rigid. Ligands of the repressor, which affect its DNA binding capability, lead to conformational changes in the COOH terminal domain. The approach to the assignment of spectral features taken here can be extended to other systems. PMID- 7019913 TI - Unwinding of double-stranded DNA helix by dehydration. AB - Conformation changes of the double-stranded DNA helix in response to dehydration were investigated by monitoring, by agarose gel electrophoresis, the linking number of covalently closed circular DNA generated by ligation of linear DNA in the presence of different organic solvents or different temperatures. It was found that: (i) The DNA helix unwinds upon addition of certain organic solvents or elevation of temperature. (ii) The conformational change observed under the experimental conditions is a continuous process in response to the organic solvent concentration. (iii) The delta H of unwinding one linking of the DNA helix is constant at approximately 12.2 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ); the corresponding delta S and d(delta S)/dn are 2nkR and 2kR, in which n is the relative equivalent linking number (referred to the state of delta S = 0 for unwinding) of the DNA, R is the gas constant, and k is equal to 1117/number of base pairs. The delta H, delta S, and d(delta S)/dn for unwinding i linkings are i X 12.2 kcal/mol, 2inkR, and 2ikR, respectively. (iv) d(delta S)/dn, like k, is inversely proportional to the number of base pairs in DNA. (v) Double-stranded DNAs of different chain lengths have average delta S = 35 cal/mol.K for unwinding one linking under the experimental conditions; this corresponds to 127 +/- 14 base pairs per "relative linking." PMID- 7019912 TI - Calcium control of microfilaments: uncoupling of the F-actin-severing and bundling activity of villin by limited proteolysis in vitro. AB - Villin is a major F-actin-bundling protein present in the microfilament bundle underlying the plasma membrane of the microvilli present on intestinal epithelial cells. Mild in vitro proteolysis converts villin (Mr, 95,000) into a large fragment, the villin core (apparent Mr, 90,000). Villin core has lost the F-actin bundling activity expressed by villin in the absence of calcium but retains the micromolar Kd calcium-binding site and the calcium-dependent restriction of actin filament length (F-actin severing) of intact villin. This finding suggests a common structural and functional relatedness between the known calcium-dependent F-actin-severing proteins from different cell types, even though not all of them reveal F-actin-bundling activity. PMID- 7019915 TI - High molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins are preferentially associated with dendritic microtubules in brain. AB - The distributions of tubulin and high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins (HMWPs) in brain were determined by immunoperoxidase histochemistry with specific antisera. Tubulin was found in microtubules of both neurons and glia and both axons and dendrites. HMWPs were found only in neurons where, in all cases examined, they were associated with dendritic microtubules but not those in axons. Both tubulin and HMWPs were also found in postsynaptic densities. These results indicate that brain microtubules vary in chemical composition. The preferential association of HMWPs with dendritic microtubules suggests that they may play a role in distinguishing between dendritic and axonal export routes from the cell body. PMID- 7019914 TI - Cloning and expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in Escherichia coli. AB - Sau 3A1 partial digestion fragments from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD 1 plasmid DNA were ligated into the BamHI site of the cloning vector pBR322 and transformed into Escherichia coli strain HB101. Colonies presumed to contain recombinant plasmids were screened for production of an antigen that would react with antibody made against B. thuringiensis crystals. One strain, ES12, was isolated by using this procedure. ES12 contains a plasmid of Mr 11 X 10(6) that has DNA sequence homology with pBR322 as well as with Mr 30 X 10(6) and Mr 47 X 10(6) plasmids of B. thuringiensis. It makes a protein antigen, detected by antibodies to crystal, which has the same electrophoretic mobility as the B. thuringiensis crystal protein. Protein extracts of ES12 are toxic to larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. PMID- 7019911 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of alpha-tubulin from porcine brain. AB - The amino acid sequence of alpha-tubulin from porcine brain was determined by automated and manual Edman degradation of eight sets of overlapping peptides. It comprises 450 residues plus a COOH-terminal tyrosine that is present only in 15% of the material. A region of 40 residues at the COOH-terminus is highly acidic, mainly due to 16 glutamyl residues. This high concentration of negative charge suggests a region for binding cations. At least six positions, most of them around position 270, are occupied by two amino acid residues each. Several of these exchange sites were assigned to specific peptides by analysis of the purified corresponding fragments. These data indicate four alpha-tubulins in porcine brain. Although alpha-tubulin on the whole is unrelated to other proteins, there are regions that can be correlated to sequences of the myosin head, to actin, to tropomyosin, and to troponins C and T. PMID- 7019916 TI - Aortic smooth muscle cells contain vimentin instead of desmin. AB - The 10-nm filament subunit proteins of smooth muscle cells in the mammalian aorta were analyzed by immunofluorescence and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Indirect immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections of aorta showed intense staining of the tunica media by antibodies to vimentin, whereas no reaction could be detected with antibodies to desmin. Crude preparations from the tunica media contain a protein with molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to those of vimentin. Desmin was not detected on these same two-dimensional gels. We conclude that aortic smooth muscle cells contain vimentin as the predominant form of 10-nm filament protein subunit, unlike other muscle cells in which desmin predominates. Other immunofluorescence results indicate that the aorta may differ from smaller blood vessels which appear to contain both desmin and vimentin. PMID- 7019917 TI - Nature of the G1 phase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Under conditions that protract the S phase for Saccharomyces cerevisiae without affecting steady-state rates of cell growth or proliferation, there were striking decreases in the length of the G1 period. These decreases were localized in the period between mitosis and the start event that initiates a new cell cycle. We conclude that this major fraction of the G1 period has no functional role in the DNA-division sequence of cell cycle events. PMID- 7019918 TI - Intracellular localization of DNA polymerase alpha. AB - Immunoglobulin (IgG) and the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG were prepared from serum of a rabbit immunized with purified calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7). An indirect immunofluorescent method based on these reagents was used to detect the intracellular localization of DNA polymerase alpha in primary fetal bovine fibroblasts. The results show that the bulk of DNA polymerase alpha is located in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescent staining of cytoplast and Ficoll-Paque gradient-purified karyoplast fragments resulting from cytochalasin enucleation show the presence of DNA polymerase alpha in cytoplasts and the virtual absence of the enzyme in the nucleus of the karyoplast itself. The implication of this unusual intracellular location for DNA polymerase alpha is discussed. PMID- 7019919 TI - Microtubule-disrupting agents affect two different events regulating the initiation of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. AB - The stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor, alone or with insulin, on the rate of initiation of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells can be synergistically enhanced by the addition of either Colcemid or colchicine at 1 microM. However, both Colcemid and colchicine can exert the synergistic effect only when added earlier than 8 hr of the prereplicative period (lag phase). Removal of Colcemid (which allows for rapid reassembly of microtubules) earlier than 10 hr of the lag phase results in a loss of the synergistic effect. This suggests that microtubules must remain disrupted for longer times to accomplish some putative event(s) necessary for increasing the rate of initiation of DNA synthesis. Preincubation of quiescent cells with either Colcemid or colchicine for 8 hr prior to adding epidermal growth factor, alone or with insulin, shortens the lag phase by about 4 hr, irrespective of the resulting rate of initiation of DNA synthesis. These results suggest that the state of microtubules is affecting independently at least two different events involved in regulating time initiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7019920 TI - Origin of replication from Xenopus laevis mitochondrial DNA promotes high frequency transformation of yeast. AB - A specific fraction of chromosomal DNA from both yeast and a wide variety of other eukaryotes, but not from Escherichia coli, promotes high-frequency transformation in yeast. The plasmids containing these sequences are maintained as extra-chromosomal molecules in transformed cells. These results suggest that similar or identical sequences are used for the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes. To test this hypothesis, several foreign eukaryotic DNAs implicated directly or indirectly in the initiation of DNA replication have been examined for their ability to promote autonomous, extrachromosomal replication in yeast. Simian virus 40 DNA, amplified Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA, X. laevis 5S ribosomal DNA, X. laevis mtDNA, and five different members of the Alu I family of human middle repetitive DNAs were cloned into the vector YIp5 and used to transform yeast. Of these DNAs, only Xenopus mtDNA promoted high-frequency transformation and extrachromosomal maintenance of YIp5 DNA. A 2.2-kilobase EcoRI fragment from the 17.4-kilobase mtDNA molecule was responsible for these activities. This fragment contains the sequence used for the initiation of replication in Xenopus mitochondria. PMID- 7019921 TI - Colonic bacteria: a source of gamma-aminobutyric acid in blood. PMID- 7019922 TI - Application of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for monitoring immune response to porcine zonae pellucidae. PMID- 7019923 TI - Mechanism of Captopril-induced renin release in conscious rats. PMID- 7019924 TI - Inhibition of hypothalamic LHRH depletion after ovariectomy by transplantable prolactin and growth-hormone-secreting tumors. PMID- 7019925 TI - Increased pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone at puberty: an event of proestrus. PMID- 7019926 TI - Analysis of computer assisted instruction in pharmacology. PMID- 7019927 TI - Impairment of insulin secretion in B10 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters. PMID- 7019928 TI - Prospective double-blind controlled clinical study of sisomicin versus tobramycin. AB - A double-blind controlled trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of sisomicin and tobramycin in the treatment of 55 hospitalized patients with serious systemic infections, mostly intra-abdominal or soft-tissue infections. Each drug was administered intramuscularly or intravenously at a dosage of 2.5 to 4.0 mg/kg per day for between 5 and 21 days. At the end of treatment, 22 (79%) of 28 sisomicin-treated patients and 15 (72%) of 21 tobramycin-treated patients were assessed, on the basis of clinical and bacteriological response, as cured or partially cured. Sisomicin was superior in the treatment of Escherichia coli infections. Local tolerance to both drugs was good. The incidence of systemic adverse reactions was low, fewer cases occurring in the sisomicin treatment group than in the tobramycin treatment group. PMID- 7019929 TI - Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. AB - Efficacy and tolerance of a new preparation of pure glucosamine sulphate, in injectable and oral form, were investigated in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis. Two groups of in-patients with chronic degenerative articular disorders received daily for 7 days either 400 mg glucosamine sulphate or a piperazine/chlorbutanol combination by intravenous or intramuscular injection. During the 2 following weeks, the patients receiving glucosamine had oral glucosamine capsules (6 x 250 mg daily); the other group had placebo. Efficacy was tested by semi-quantitative scoring of pain at rest and during active and passive movements, as well as limitation of articular function, before and after 7 and 21 days of treatment. Patients were positively questioned daily for possible intolerance symptoms. Haematology, circulatory data and urine analysis were tested before and after treatment. During both initial parenteral treatments, each symptom significantly improved, but to a faster and greater extent in the group treated with glucosamine. During the maintenance period, a further improvement was recorded in the patients treated with glucosamine, whereas in those on placebo the symptom scores increased almost to the pre-treatment level. This was considered the major difference between basic therapy, such as with glucosamine, as purely symptomatic treatment. Clinical and biological tolerance were excellent with both treatments, and no definitely drug-related complaints were recorded. It is suggested that parenteral and/or oral treatment with pure glucosamine sulphate should be considered as basic therapy for the management of primary or secondary degenerative osteoarthrosis disorders. PMID- 7019930 TI - A comparative trial of tiaprofenic acid ('Surgam') versus aspirin in the control of pain following injury. AB - A double-blind, non-crossover, randomized trial was carried out in 50 patients suffering from pain following trauma to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerance of 200 mg tiaprofenic acid and 600 mg aspirin given 3-times daily for 7 days. Both drugs were found to be equally effective in relieving pain but side effects were significantly fewer in the tiaprofenic acid-treated group. PMID- 7019931 TI - Guanfacine: a new centrally-acting antihypertensive agent. AB - The centrally-acting antihypertensive drug guanfacine was studied in a group of 11 moderate hypertensives. In doses of 2 mg daily, an average reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 10.8 mmHg was achieved. Side-effects were few when doses were maintained below 3 mg daily. The blood pressure reduction was associated with a fall in plasma renin activity and an average weight gain of 1.8 kg. When guanfacine was tried in 6 very severe hypertensives who had proved resistant to other antihypertensive drugs, a similar reduction in diastolic pressure of 7 mmHg was achieved using a dose of 3 mg daily. It is considered that guanfacine is a useful new antihypertensive drug, effective in mild hypertension, and side-effects are few if doses are maintained below 3 mg daily. Above this dose, side-effects became prominent, and these included sedation, dry mouth and constipation. PMID- 7019932 TI - A trial of emepronium bromide for the treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly mentally ill. AB - A double-blind controlled trial was conducted of emepronium bromide against placebo in elderly mentally ill patients in hospital with urinary incontinence. No significant difference was found between 200 mg emepronium bromide 3-times daily and placebo in treating day-time or nocturnal urinary incontinence for patients suffering from chronic organic brain syndrome or from chronic functional psychiatric illness. PMID- 7019933 TI - Effects of serotonin and L-5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma renin activity in rats. AB - The effects of dipsogenic doses of l-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and serotonin on plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure, and body temperature were determined in unanesthetized female rats. Both serotonin (2 mg/kg, s.c.) and 5-HTP (25 mg/kg, s.c.) induced six-fold increases in PRA measured 1 hr after drug administration. The central and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide (30 mg/kg, s.c.), as well as the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa (6.5 mg/kg s.c.), prevented the increase in PRA associated with administration of 5-HTP. This suggests that 5-HTP must be converted to serotonin peripherally to increase PRA. At the doses used, serotonin decreased mean blood pressure and colonic temperature of unanesthetized rats while 5-HTP was without effect. The increase in PRA induced by 5-HTP does not appear, therefore, to be a response to either hypotension or a decrease in colonic temperature. Since 5-HTP must be converted to serotonin to initiate both a drinking response and an increase in PRA, the results suggest that the decrease in blood pressure and colonic temperature following administration of serotonin may not be important in induction of the drinking response and the increase in PRA. The mechanism by which activation of the renin-angiotensin system occurs following peripheral administration of either 5-HTP or serotonin remains for further study. PMID- 7019935 TI - Effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on development of renal hypertension in rats. PMID- 7019934 TI - Substrate interaction with cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7019936 TI - Biophysical and engineering aspects of cryosurgery. PMID- 7019937 TI - Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on bacterial growth rate. AB - A large number of cultures of the bacterium E. coli have been grown in weak alternating magnetic fields of square waveform, at frequencies of 50 Hz and 16.66 Hz. Control cultures were simultaneously grown under ambient conditions identical except for the almost complete absence of any magnetic field. The mean generation time (MGT) for a culture subjected to alternating magnetic fields is significantly reduced by comparison with that for the control cultures. Application of the F-ratio test indicates a probability of less than one in two million that the effects observed are due to chance. A marked threshold effect is observed, along with strong indications of periodicity in the graph of MGT against magnetic field strength. Within the limits of experimental error, these effects correspond to integral changes in the number of magnetic flux quanta linking an individual bacterial cell during the process of division. PMID- 7019938 TI - Ultraviolet (254-405 nm) action spectrum and kinetic studies of alanine uptake in Escherichia coli B/R. PMID- 7019939 TI - Action spectrum for photoreactivation of Escherichia coli Bs-1 after gamma irradiation. PMID- 7019940 TI - Membrane damage can be a significant factor in the inactivation of Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7019941 TI - Action spectra for modification of Escherichia coli B/r menaquinone by near ultraviolet and visible radiations (313-578 nm). PMID- 7019943 TI - Interstitial fluid volume: local regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7019942 TI - Sensitivity of DNA repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12 to various furocoumarins and near-ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7019944 TI - Synapse replacement in the nervous system of adult vertebrates. PMID- 7019945 TI - [Computers guarding health]. PMID- 7019946 TI - [Works in the field of nursing. 1977, part 4]. PMID- 7019947 TI - [Works in the field of nursing. 1977, part 5]. PMID- 7019948 TI - [Florence Nightingale's concept of nursing]. PMID- 7019949 TI - [The clinical effect of Crataegutt in heart disease of ischemic or hypertensive origin. A multicenter double-blind study]. PMID- 7019950 TI - Surgical correction of postburn flexion contractures of the fingers in children. AB - One-hundred forty-eight operative procedures for flexion contractures of the finger(s) following burn injury in children have been studied in detail with follow-up from 6 months to 8 years. Intramedullary K-wires, used for 53 procedures where a graft was done, were associated with a significantly worse long-term result, and graft take was not improved by using K-wires. Length of time between burn injury and reconstruction, age at time of operation, the use of full-thickness versus partial-thickness grafts, and the digit involved had an apparent effect on final result. The use of postoperative topical steroids could not be evaluated adequately in this study. The preferred operative techniques for this condition are discussed. PMID- 7019951 TI - [Problems of social psychiatry]. PMID- 7019952 TI - [Visceral diabetic polyneuropathy - quantitative determination of respiratory cardiac arrhythmia]. AB - In 100 insulin-dependent diabetics, the degree of the respiratory cardiac arrhythmia as a measure of the participation of the N. vagus in the polyneuropathy is determined by means of the triggered cross-correlation function. The impairment of the respiratory cardiac arrhythmia shows statistical relations to the electroneurographic changes of somatic nerves, to the duration of diabetes and to the occurrence of microangiopathies. PMID- 7019953 TI - Clinical and laboratory procedures for the construction and maintenance of the convertible periodontal prosthesis (I). PMID- 7019954 TI - Cell-cycle-stage specificity of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m AMSA) and interaction with ionizing radiation in mammalian cell cultures. PMID- 7019955 TI - Influences of growth conditions and cell-cell contact on responses of tumor cells to ultrasound. PMID- 7019956 TI - Beta-ray-induced gene conversion in yeast. PMID- 7019957 TI - [Determination of relative kidney perfusion as compared with sequence scintigraphy]. PMID- 7019958 TI - Aspergillosis and mucormycosis: two types of opportunistic fungal pneumonia. AB - A temporal sequence of characteristic radiographic abnormalities in aspergillosis and mucormysis, two types of opportunistic pneumonia, is presented. The first manifestation is a rounded pneumonia with irregular margins, which slowly increases in size and sometimes in number. Progression to hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction is common. Nonspecific diffuse pneumonia may develop. Hematogenous dissemination to the lungs from a distant source produces a miliary-nodular pattern. In an immunocompromised patient, this sequence of findings should lead to either appropriate diagnostic procedures or empirical institution of antifungal therapy. PMID- 7019959 TI - Intra-arterial tissue adhesive for medical splenectomy in humans. AB - Bucrylate (isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate) was used for the transcatheter embolization of the splenic artery in 4 patients with bleeding gastric varices secondary to splenic vein thrombosis, 3 patients with symptoms of hypersplenism, and 8 patients with bleeding esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension. The splenic artery was completely occluded in 13 patients and partially occluded in 2. In all but one of the patients, functioning splenic tissue was preserved and no abscess developed. Medical splenectomy with Bucrylate appears to be a safe and effective method for treating bleeding gastric varices secondary to splenic vein thrombosis, and it can alleviate symptoms of hypersplenism. Its role in controlling bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with generalized portal hypertension is worth further study. PMID- 7019960 TI - Radionuclide studies of chronic schistosomal uropathy. AB - Fifty patients with chronic urinary tract schistosomiasis were studied with 99mTc DTPA. All had a flow study, sequential analog imaging, and digital imaging for 25 35 minutes (20-sec. frames). Time-activity curves (DTPA renograms) were extracted; 12 patients had 131I-Hippuran probe renograms as well. Renal changes included diminished perfusion and structural abnormalities ranging from minor calyceal dilatation to overt hydronephrosis. Ureteral changes included dilatation, tortuosity, and kinking. Marked distortion of the ureterovesical junction was seen in some patients due to periureteral and perivesicular fibrosis, which is a major factor in upper urinary tract damage. Renograms showed varying obstruction and parenchymal damage. Nuclear medicine complements excretory urography and is sometimes preferable for visualization of the ureters. After the initial urogram, sequential DTPA scanning and renography are sufficient for follow-up. PMID- 7019961 TI - Stimulation and sensing thresholds for cardiac pacing: electrophysiologic and technical aspects. PMID- 7019962 TI - Role of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with known and suspected bradycardias and tachycardias. PMID- 7019964 TI - The significance of prevention in prosthetic dentistry and its realization in practice. PMID- 7019965 TI - Caries incidence, tooth stability and the health of edentulous areas in patients wearing removable cast dentures. PMID- 7019966 TI - [Design and construction of the retention line in removable dentures]. PMID- 7019967 TI - Restoration problems of the unilateral free-end saddle cases. PMID- 7019963 TI - [Current status of genetic manipulation]. PMID- 7019968 TI - [The effect of prosthetic appliances upon the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 7019969 TI - [Prosthesis and bruxism as risk factors in the development of periodontal disease]. PMID- 7019970 TI - [The use of composite (metal-acrylic) and acrylic crowns and their effect on the periodontium]. PMID- 7019971 TI - [Changes in the epithelium of the alveolar process in patients with metal or metallo-acrylic bridges]. PMID- 7019972 TI - Microbiology of denture plaque and its control by chemical agents. PMID- 7019973 TI - Correlation between speech and the morphology of complete dentures. PMID- 7019976 TI - Color-coded dowel pin systems with retainer sleeve. PMID- 7019974 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) mediates hypoxic relaxation of bovine coronary arterial strips. AB - Bovine coronary arterial strips (BCA) exhibiting spontaneous tone, relax in response to a decrease in the pO2 of the bathing medium. Experiments were performed to determine if prostaglandins (PGs) mediate the oxygen-induced changes in tension. BCA were equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate solution at 37 degrees C gassed with 95% O2, 5% CO2 and tension was measured isometrically. When the pO2 of the bathing medium was decreased, BCA exhibited reversible reductions in tension. Switching from 95% O2, 5% CO2 to 95% N2, 5% CO2 (anoxia) elicited an initial relaxation followed by a contraction. In contrast, a change to 5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2 (hypoxia) was followed by a sustained relaxation. Re-introduction of O2 to anoxic strips produced a biphasic response: relaxation followed by contraction. Indomethacin or eicosatetraynoic acid (EYA) increased tone and inhibited the relaxation produced by anoxia or hypoxia. Indomethacin or EYA did not inhibit the relaxation of anoxic strips during re-introduction of O2, but did inhibit the contraction partially. Relaxation of arterial strips to arachidonic acid (AA) was similar to relaxation to prostacyclin (PGI2). Anoxia limited the relaxation to AA but not to PGI2. We conclude that PG synthesis contributes to the basal tone and the hypoxia-induced relaxation of BCA. In addition, hypoxia, unless severe, does not prevent the conversion of AA to PGI2. PMID- 7019977 TI - Techniques to improve the seating of castings. PMID- 7019978 TI - Auxiliary retention for cast gold restorations. PMID- 7019975 TI - Metabolism of (5E)-6a-carbaprostaglandin I2 by rhesus monkey lung 15-OH prostaglandin dehydrogenase. AB - (5E)-6a-Carbaprostaglandin I2 (carbacyclin) was oxidized to (5E)-15-dehydro-6a carbaprostaglandin I2 (15-dehydrocarbacyclin) by partially purified rhesus monkey lung prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). The (5E-15-dehydro-6a-carbaprostaglandin I2 was isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A Lineweaver-Burke plot gave an apparent Km value of 2.9 microM and a Vmax of 35.7 nmoles carbacyclin oxidized/mg protein/min. These values are similar to previously reported Km and Vmax values for PGI2 and PGE1. PMID- 7019980 TI - Showing a good profit in your denture department. PMID- 7019981 TI - An accurate inlay technique - laboratory phase. PMID- 7019979 TI - The custom porcelain pontic tip. PMID- 7019982 TI - The casting of palladium-rich alloys. PMID- 7019983 TI - The need for historical research in nursing. PMID- 7019984 TI - Expression of active polypeptides in E. coli. PMID- 7019985 TI - Facilitation of mounting behavior in male rats by intracranial injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) administration has been reported to facilitate male sex behavior. This laboratory has previously reported development of the 'mounting test', a paradigm which reflects sexual arousal mechanisms. We have used this test to study the interaction of LH-RH with the central components of male copulatory behavior in the rat. Sixty 90-day-old Long-Evans male rats were screened for sex behavior and divided into 5 treatment groups. For all mounting tests, a local anesthetic was applied to the penis and mounts were scored during a 15-min exposure to a stimulus female. The animals were given 3 successive weekly tests. By the final test, a significant decrement in mounting behavior was noted, and those males given 50 ng LH-RH i.c.v. displayed more mounting in this test than animals given either no treatment or saline (P less than 0.01). A slight but significant (P less than 0.05) enhancement of performance was also noted in peptide-treated rats in test I. There was no significant difference in any of the tests between animals given lateral cerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of 2 microliter acidified saline and those given no treatment. When blood samples were taken from similarly treated animals and assayed by radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone and testosterone, plasma levels of these hormones were not different at either 30 min or 2 h after injection of saline or LH-RH. Thus, in animals with diminished genital sensory input, LH-RH administration increases mounting behavior without inducing measurable reproductive endocrine changes. It is proposed that this effect results from an interaction of this peptide with the neural substrates of the arousal mechanism. PMID- 7019986 TI - Effect of truncal vagotomy on pancreatic polypeptide response after intravenous glucose administration. AB - Intravenous glucose infusion was performed in six dogs with and without truncal vagotomy, and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses were compared before and after truncal vagotomy. Following truncal vagotomy, basal PP levels decreased significantly from 286 +/- 64 pg/ml (mean +/- S.E.) to 94 +/- 14 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). Basal plasma insulin and blood glucose levels also tended to be lower, but not significantly. During the infusion of glucose, blood glucose concentrations rose rapidly in both groups and after 15 min reached peak values which were not significantly different from each other. In the vagotomized group the plasma insulin response to intravenous glucose infusion was significantly lower than in the control group. Following intravenous glucose loading, plasma PP concentrations decreased rapidly in both groups, but the PP level in the vagotomized group was suppressed only to 77 +/- 4% of the basal level whereas in the control group it decreased by 45 +/- 8%, significantly lower than in the vagotomized group (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that basal PP is regulated by vagal tonus and that vagus controls, at least in part, suppression by intravenous glucose administration. PMID- 7019987 TI - Anatomical distribution and physiological effects of enkephalin in rat inferior olive. AB - The opioid peptide enkephalin was evaluated as a possible synaptic transmitter in the inferior olivary complex using anatomical and physiological techniques. With standard immunohistochemical procedures, fibres and terminals containing enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were found to be heterogenously distributed in the inferior olive of the rat. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was found in the medial and dorsal accessory nuclei, but was sparse in the principal nucleus. Iontophoresis or pressure microapplication of Leu5-enkephalin, or a peptidase resistant enkephalin analogue, depressed both spontaneous and amino acid-evoked firing of inferior olivary complex cells. The effect appeared to be postsynaptic, since the excitatory effects of iontophoretically-applied DL-homocysteic acid were suppressed. No selective effect on a calcium-mediated component of the action potential was seen. We conclude that enkephalin may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator at afferent synapses in the inferior olive. PMID- 7019988 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the rat pituitary gland. AB - A third melatropin fragment named gamma-MSH has been described in the N-terminal portion of the common precursor of bovine ACTH and beta-LPH by Nakanishi et al. (Nakanishi, S., Inoue, A., Kita, K., Nakamura, M., Chang, A.C.Y., Cohen, S.N. and Numa, S., Nature, 278 (1979) 423-427). In order to determine if immunoreactive gamma-MSH was present in the rat pituitary gland and to accurately localize this peptide, an immunocytochemical localization of gamma-MSH was conducted at both light and electron microscopic levels. Specific immunostaining was detected in stellate cells scattered throughout the pars distalis and in all the cells of the pars intermedia. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactive gamma-MSH was only observed in the lipocorticotrophs. Using serial ultrathin sections, it was shown that the secretory granules which contain ACTH were also labeled for gamma-MSH. These results suggest that fragment(s) of the common precursor of ACTH and beta LPH and/or the whole common precursor is released with peptides of known biological activity. PMID- 7019990 TI - [The mission of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and in the tropics in general]. PMID- 7019989 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of gastrin C-terminus, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and endorphin in the pancreas of lizards with special reference to the hibernation period. AB - Gastrin C-terminus and GIP immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas of the desert lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia) captured during the hibernation period, but not in those collected in the active period. These cell types were encountered among the exocrine parenchyma, especially around ducts and among the ductal epithelial cells. Occasionally a few GIP cells were seen to occupy the islet periphery. No gastrin C-terminus or GIP immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas of the grass lizard (Mabuya quinquetaeniata)--which does not hibernate--collected in winter and in summer. In both species of lizards endorphin-like immunoreactivity was localized in the pancreatic PP-cells in specimens collected in winter and summer. It was assumed that the presence of the gastrin C-terminus and GIP cells in the desert lizard pancreas represents a response to the peculiar physiological state through which these lizards pass in hibernation. PMID- 7019991 TI - [Food habits of the Pre-Columbian natives of Panama]. PMID- 7019992 TI - [Dowels and radicular screws]. PMID- 7019993 TI - [Preprosthetic treatment in general dental practice]. PMID- 7019994 TI - [A hereditary mechanobullous diseases: histopathological clinical analysis of 2 cases]. PMID- 7019996 TI - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome]. PMID- 7019995 TI - [Pediatrics in Cautin Province in the decade 1920-30]. PMID- 7019998 TI - [Recurrence of extracapillary glomerulonephritis caused by antibodies against the basement membrane in 2 successive transplants]. PMID- 7019999 TI - [Functional exploration of the endocrine pancreas]. PMID- 7019997 TI - [Carbohydrate tolerance in normotensive hydrocephaly]. PMID- 7020000 TI - [Applications of nuclear medicine to the study of breast cancer]. AB - The author makes a general introduction about the anatomy, embryology, etiopathogenesis, morbidity, mortality, pathological anatomy, clinical classification and TNM classification of breast cancer. She describes then the techniques of bone scintiscanning, liver scintigraphy and lymphography with radioisotopes making a review of their usefulness for the diagnosis and evolution of breast cancer. PMID- 7020001 TI - [Morphological aspects of non-tumoral bronchial cells recovered by brushing (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 132 bronchial brushings studied according to a strict protocol, both in obtaining the specimens and their subsequent laboratory preparation, has allowed us to study the cells of the bronchial mucosa in greater detail. Until now the greater part of the work in this field has been on the characteristics of tumour cells and the variability in detecting cancer, slightly neglecting the analysis of normal, inflammatory or dystrophic cells. The brushings were compared to the cytology requests on sputum and/or corresponding aspirations by conventional methods. This work has shown that the different types of normal epithelial cells so recovered, as well as dystrophic cells, have a very different appearance than those same cells when observed using classical cytological methods (on sputa and aspirations). The cyto-pathologist ought to adjust the technique before interpreting the specimens. The differences are due to a better state of conservation of the recovered cells, thanks to improvement in current endoscopic technique. We infer that certain cytological appearances considered pathological until now, using classical expectoration or aspiration, may in reality only be artefacts. PMID- 7020003 TI - [French Society of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. List of members (1981)]. PMID- 7020004 TI - [Renewal of bronchial and pulmonary cells: a comprehensive review of recent information (author's transl)]. AB - In the bronchi, the ultrastructural findings allow a schema to be established of proliferation-differentiation of basal cells, undifferentiated cells and mucus cells. In the bronchioles, the Clara cells or an immediate progenitor seem at the same time to play the role of stem cell for ciliated cells, mucus cells and brush cells. Same observations suggest that the bronchial and bronchiolar stem cells may produce neuro-secretary cells; the increase in neuro-secretary cells is a common enough phenomenon under the influence of numerous stimuli. No evidence of neuro-secretory cells dividing was observed. The histology and the kinetics of the cell population of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) are reviewed. In the parenchyma, the role of the pneumocyte in restoring epithelial cells to high concentrations of oxygen is also discussed. Throughout the literature and also in the authors' experience, attention is drawn to the lack of correlation between the inflammation cell septal infiltrate and the endo-alveolar population. The cytokinetics of the alveolar macrophages (MA) are reviewed and recent findings discussed, including the absence of maintained cell division of the MA, the recruitment of young cells, the heterogenous distribution in the tissues of actively mitotic macrophages and the role of chemotactic factors. PMID- 7020002 TI - [Laennec and asthma]. PMID- 7020005 TI - [Physiopathology of allergic asthma]. PMID- 7020007 TI - [Recommendation for standardization of the oral glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 7020006 TI - [Breath test with C 14-labeled aminopyrine in the study of hepatic function]. PMID- 7020008 TI - [Progress toward an artificial pancreas?]. PMID- 7020010 TI - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on insulin release and phosphate efflux from isolated, perifused islets of Langerhans. AB - Islets of Langerhans isolated by collagenase digestion were shown to elicit an immediate monophasic release by insulin when subjected to cryoprotective concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) in a perifusion system. This response only terminated after removal of the drug from the perifusate, and was attributed to membrane permeability changes as demonstrated by the immediate monophasic release of phosphate from perifused islets which also terminated only after removal of the drug. PMID- 7020009 TI - Chloroquine pharmacokinetics in tissues of pyrogen treated rats and implications for chloroquine related pruritus. AB - The concentrations of chloroquine in the tissues and plasma of control and pyrogen treated Long Island rats were serially determined over 16 days. Significant alterations of pharmacokinetic parameters, a delayed completion of distribution with a biphasic pattern of uptake of chloroquine into peripheral organs (skin and skeletal musculature) and increased tissue uptake in visceral organs (heart, liver and kidneys) of pyrogen treated rats were found. It is suggested that the known hemodynamic changes in the febrile state produced these unusual pharmacokinetic changes in the peripheral tissues and may contribute significantly to the occurrence of pruritus and increased acute toxicity of chloroquine during a febrile illness. The uptake patterns of chloroquine into pyrogen treated rat skin and muscle strongly suggest the involvement of a blood flow-dependent process in the movement of the drug into the tissues. PMID- 7020011 TI - Studies on the mechanism of captopril induced hypotension in rats. AB - The mechanism of the hypotensive response to captopril was investigated in pithed and urethane anesthetized rats. Cumulative intravenous doses of captopril produced dose-dependent hypotensive responses which were correlated with blockade of the pressor response to angiotensin I. Angiotensin II responses were unaffected. Infusions of saralasin, an angiotensin receptor antagonist, inhibited the hypotensive action of captopril, the degree of antagonism being correlated with inhibition of angiotensin II pressor responses. Bilateral nephrectomy lowered blood pressure to approximately the same level as captopril and completely abolished the hypotensive effect of captopril. No evidence was obtained for the involvement of endogenous bradykinin or prostaglandins in the hypotensive action of captopril. It is concluded that in pithed and urethane anesthetized rats, captopril mediates its hypotensive response by removing the renal renin-angiotensin system, most probably via inhibition of angiotensin I - converting enzyme. The results contrast with similar studies conducted in anesthetized dogs. In this species, the mechanism of action of captopril remains for further resolution. PMID- 7020012 TI - Localisation of 125I-labelled streptolysin O of Streptococcus pyogenes in mice. AB - The fate of 125I-labelled Streptolysin O injected intravenously into mice was studied. After 2 hours only 5% of the injected label remained in the blood. The highest concentration of radioactivity was consistently observed in the liver and kidneys. The labelled toxin was degraded in the liver but its greatest toxic effect took place in the kidneys. PMID- 7020015 TI - Chronic interstitial nephritis in the dog: an immunofluorescence and elution study. PMID- 7020016 TI - Location and secretion of gastric intrinsic factor in the sheep. AB - The site of production and secretion of intrinsic factor (IF) in the sheep has been studied using a human auto-antibody directed against IF. Immunofluorescent studies indicated the abomasal parietal cell was the source of IF in the sheep. Concentrations of IF in pure gastric secretion of sheep were relatively stable at 3 to 4 iu/ml and it was estimated that the total abomasal output of IF was 10,000 to 23,500 iu per 24 hours. PMID- 7020014 TI - Bacterial endotoxins and liver haemorrhage in the oestrogenised chicken. AB - Hepatic steatosis and haemorrhage in oestrogenised chickens were not associated with any increase in the endotoxin content of the plasma. The haemorrhage was not ameliorated by suppressing enteric bacteria with neomycin or exacerbated by the repeated injection of Escherichia coli O111 endotoxin and there were no relevant changes in plasma enzyme activities that are indicators of liver damage. These results therefore do not support the hypothesis that, as in the choline deficient rat, hepatic steatosis impairs the ability of the oestrogenised chicken to dispose of bacterial endotoxins and that these then damage the liver. PMID- 7020013 TI - Controlled release of anthelmintic drugs: a new concept for prevention of helminthosis in sheep. AB - Anthelmintic effects of oxfendazole continuously released at 0:17, 0.28 and 0.47 mg/kg/day from intraruminal capsules were assessed in groups of sheep artificially infected with Ostertagia circumcincta. Removal of worms was directly related to both release rate and plasma concentrations of drug. At the highest level, worm burdens were removed within seven days of administration and anthelmintic efficiency was 99.9 +/- 0.04, 99.3 +/- 0.5 and 98.9 +/- 0.7 per cent against adult worms, developing fourth stage and early fourth stage larvae respectively. In a field experiment, comparisons were made of the parasitological and animal production differences between groups of weaned lambs which were given no treatment, a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg oxfendazole and capsules releasing either 0.24 or 0.48 mg/kg oxfendazole daily. By four days after administration of capsules worm egg counts were reduced and remained below detectable levels for up to 86 days. Worm counts from 'tracer' and flock sheep showed a reduction in worm numbers, especially for Trichostrongylus spp. Compared with untreated controls, live weight gain and fleece weight of sheep given capsules releasing 0.48 mg/kg oxfendazole daily was increased. PMID- 7020018 TI - Serodiagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in experimentally and naturally infected cattle by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis was studied among laboratory reared experimentally infected calves and conventionally raised naturally infected cattle by using a T crassiceps metacestode antigen. The intensity of the metacestode burden in experimentally infected animals had a direct effect on the first appreciable rise in the spectrophotometric extinction values and also on the progressive elevation of these values during the later stages of infection. The animals harbouring less than 100 metacestodes were the most difficult to detect by ELISA. Serum from sheep infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis showed cross-reaction. Among the naturally infected cattle the sensitivity of ELISA was poor; only 37.5 per cent of the 24 proven cases could be diagnosed. One of the nine cattle harbouring natural infection of Fasciola hepatica showed cross reaction. Of the 69 animals 4.3 per cent showed false positive reactions. PMID- 7020017 TI - Modified granulocyte test for determination of mannosidosis genotype of cattle. AB - Recovery of alpha-mannosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and arylsulphatase activity from granulocytes is increased by inclusion of 154 mM sodium chloride, in place of 1 mM zinc chloride, in aqueous Triton X-100 used to extract the cells. Calculation of the ratio of alpha-mannosidase to beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and to arylsulphatase permits diagnosis of the mannosidosis genotype without recourse to examination of smears of the granulocyte preparations. PMID- 7020019 TI - Variation among cows in the ability of their blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes to kill Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Suspensions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from fresh bovine blood contained about 90 per cent neutrophils and 10 per cent eosinophils. Such suspensions had no bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, in the absence of an opsonising agent, in Hanks' balanced salt solution. Suitable opsonins were present in dilute (0.5 per cent), heat inactivated serum or in 5 per cent whey. After incubation with PMN for two hours in the presence of the dilute serum the activity of PMN from several cows against the two organisms was highly correlated (r = 0.98) but varied significantly (P less than 0.001) among the animals from less than 2 to 30 per cent survival of the bacteria. This bactericidal activity did not alter if PMN from a single cow were incubated with sera from other animals, indicating that the critical factor was the cells and not the serum. The ranking of the animals by the bactericidal activity of their PMN was unaltered if 5 per cent whey was used as the opsonin and the leucocytes were sonicated after incubation. PMID- 7020020 TI - Effect of xylazine on plasma glucose, glucagon and insulin concentrations in sheep. AB - Xylazine is known to cause hyperglycaemia by increasing hepatic glucose production. The mechanism is not understood but appears to involve, in part, an inhibition of insulin secretion. In this study the insulin and glucagon responses to an intravenous dose of xylazine at 0.16 mg/kg body-weight were examined. Insulin concentrations were depressed for 30 minutes after xylazine. Glucagon concentrations were increased significantly (P less than 0.05) for 15 minutes after xylazine. Thus, glucagon may be important in mediating the hyperglycaemia associated with administration of xylazine. PMID- 7020021 TI - Triphenyltin compounds and their degradation products. PMID- 7020022 TI - Effects of volume history and time dependence of flow-volume curves on assessment of bronchial response to inhaled methacholine in normals. AB - The behavior of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves and partial expiratory flow volume curves with and without volume history of total lung capacity was studied in 11 healthy subjects before and after methacholine inhalation challenge. Flow volume curves were superimposed at absolute lung volumes by measuring thoracic gas volumes at which inspiratory maneuvers began. The results show that maximum inspiratory effort reduced significantly residual volume, either before or after challenge, while flow rates at 40% of control total lung capacity achieved with partial expiratory flow-volume curves with history of total lung capacity were significantly greater than those without history of maximal inflation. These findings are explained by the stress relaxation as an effect of volume history ot total lung capacity and by the appearance of time dependence as an index of inhomogeneity of lung emptying. After methacholine the effects of volume history on maximum flows and residual volume were increased. In conclusion, the results of this study emphasize the probability of errors when only maximum expiratory flow-volume curve are used in assessment of bronchial responses. PMID- 7020023 TI - Drug-induced changes in airways obstruction reflected by forced expiratory flows and airway resistance measured with an oscillometric method using quiet breathing. AB - 14 patients with partially reversible airways obstruction were studied with forced expiratory flows (FEV1, PEFR) and with airway resistance measured by an oscillometric method (Siregnost FD-5) before and after drug-induced changes in airways obstruction. 10 inhaled methacholine to induce bronchoconstriction, and 4 inhaled salbutamol and an additional dose of neosynephrine to induce bronchodilation. Intraindividual changes in resistance (Rosc) measured by the oscillometer with quiet breathing showed a fair significant correlation with changes in FEV1 (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05) and changes in PEFR measured by the Wright peak flow meter (r = 0.59, p less than 0.05). The present type of oscillator can be used for provocations starting from normal airway resistance but not for measures of treatment effects in markedly obstructive patients. PMID- 7020024 TI - Experimental studies of continuous positive-pressure ventilation and high frequency positive-pressure ventilation. PMID- 7020025 TI - Barbiturate resuscitation from focal cerebral ischemia--A review. AB - Barbiturate therapy has been shown to be of benefit in certain instances for focal cerebral ischemia. This therapy can, however, result in a deleterious outcome. Early institution in combination with revascularization appears to be important for successful barbiturate application. Whether combinations of agents designed to act on different mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia can prolong the 'therapeutic window' of barbiturate application is an area for future investigation. PMID- 7020026 TI - [Studies of the pulmonary function with radioisotopes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020030 TI - [Cardiovascular complication of renal dialysis. 2. Changes in the cardiovascular system in patients treated with periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7020028 TI - [Clinical application and limitations of Holter continuous electrocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020029 TI - [Insulin secretion after oral glucose in descendants of coronary patients]. PMID- 7020027 TI - [Nuclear medicine in cardiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020031 TI - [Arterial hypertension, hyperreninemia and systemic necrotizing vasculitis]. PMID- 7020032 TI - [Victor Conard (2 February 1919-9 April 1981)]. PMID- 7020033 TI - [Platelet antiaggregants: review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020034 TI - [Lymphoangio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020035 TI - [Biochemical polymorphism in man. Its relation to disease]. PMID- 7020037 TI - [Homage to Professor Robert Matthey]. PMID- 7020036 TI - [Current concepts of multimodal treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7020038 TI - [Axial contours of single-unit fixed restorations]. PMID- 7020039 TI - [Henri Lentulo, inventor of the filling-paste, 1889-1981]. PMID- 7020040 TI - Pneumococcus: the first one hundred years. AB - Some of the major contributions to biology and medicine resulting from studies of the pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) and of the diseases caused by it in the century following its initial isolation are reviewed briefly. Among the topics considered are cellular and humoral defenses against pneumococcal infection, the role of pneumococcus in the development of quantitative immunochemistry, the historical position of the pneumococcus in the recognition of bacterial resistance to drugs, and the fundamental role played by this organism in the origins of molecular genetics and molecular biology. Because of the vast store of knowledge of the pneumococcus that has been acquired in the past 100 years, the hope is expressed that this knowledge will continue to grow and to serve as a basis for the extension of understanding both the bacterial cells and of the processes of infection. PMID- 7020041 TI - Bacteriophages of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Properties of some of the bacteriophages of Streptococcus pneumoniae are reviewed. Studies with these phages have yielded several interesting observations and results. (1) A simple transfection system that uses DNA of mature pneumococcal phages was developed; results of studies utilizing this system have determined the intracellular events that followed infection with these bacteriophages. (2) Some pneumococcal phages have shown dependence on the bacterial (host) murein hydrolase for the liberation of phage progeny. (3) Phage Dp-1 has been described as the first lipid-containing phage with a gram-positive bacterial host. (4) Phage Cp-1, a recently isolated phage of unique morphology, promises to become a useful phage for studies of the genetic of the pneumococcus. PMID- 7020042 TI - Immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens: a comparison of the murine model and the response in humans. AB - The immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens has been studied both in mice and, to a lesser extent, in humans. Although there are differences in the immune responses of these two organisms, several major points of similarity have emerged. In both cases the role of the spleen is of importance in mounting an immune response. In both species the presence of certain malignancies causes profound immunosuppression, and treatment of malignancies with radiation and/or cytotoxic drugs results in severe impairment of the host's ability to respond to an immunogenic stimulus and to continue biosynthesis of the specific antibody. PMID- 7020043 TI - The epidemiology of pneumococcal disease in infants and children. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial cause of pneumonia, otitis media, and bacteremia and is the third most common cause of meningitis in infants and children. Infants have the highest rates of pneumococcal disease. Recent studies showed that the peak incidence of meningitis occurs among infants three to five months of age, that of otitis media occurs among infants six to 12 months of age, and that of hospitalization for pneumonia occurs among infants 13 to 18 months of age. A predominance of males was noted in most studies of pneumococcal disease. Blacks have higher rates of bacteremia and meningitis than do whites; this difference is explained only in part by the greater susceptibility to infection of children with sickle cell disease. However, the incidence of otitis media is lower in blacks than in whites. The predominant pneumococcal serotypes change with age, with time, and with geographic location. Certain serotypes are responsible for most cases of bacteremia or meningitis. Types present in the pneumococcal vaccine currently available represent 85% to 97% of the strains that have caused disease in the United States in recent years. PMID- 7020044 TI - Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: clinical and epidemiologic aspects. AB - Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly penicillin-resistant strains, are being identified with increasing frequency. Pneumococci with intermediate penicillin resistance (IPR) have been recovered from patients for 15 years. These strains have minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for penicillin of 0.1-1.0 microgram/ml, an MIC that is 10-100 times greater than that for susceptible strains. However, in the past three years, resistant strains have been isolated that have MICs for penicillin of 2-10 microgram/ml. Disease caused by IPR strains may respond to high-dosage parenteral penicillin, but disease caused by more resistant strains, especially meningitis, requires therapy with alternative agents. Pneumococci resistant to tetracycline, sulfonamides, erythromycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, clinadmycin streptomycin, and rifampin have also been reported. Particularly ominous has been the development in South Africa of multiply resistant pneumococci, resistant to all the above agents, including all beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. This paper reviews the following aspects of resistant pneumococci: (1) the definitions of resistance and methods of susceptibility testing, (2) the geographic distribution of resistant strains, (3) the epidemiologic characteristics of infected patients, (4) the clinical manifestations of disease and response to therapy, (5) the distribution of serotypes and implications for use of the pneumococcal vaccine, and (6) the methods used to limit spread of resistant strains and to prevent disease. These new issues may alter the impression that pneumococcal disease is readily treated and no longer a major public health threat. PMID- 7020045 TI - The host response to invasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae: protection and the pathogenesis to tissue damage. AB - In vitro studies and analyses of the immunodeficiency disorders that predispose to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae indicate that efficient phagocytosis is essential for protection against this organism. Thus, antibody- and C3b dependent opsonization and the process of ingestion, not cell-mediated immunity or post-phagocytic killing mechanisms, are stressed. It is likely that the tissue damage of pneumococcal disease also results from the interactions between antibody, complement, and phagocytic cells that permit ingestion. More effective protection against pneumococcal invasion and better management of pneumococcal disease depend on improved understanding of these interactions. PMID- 7020046 TI - The role of complement in the host's defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - In recent years there has been a growing realization that the complement systems plays an important role in the host's defense against infection and that it plays an especially critical role in both natural and acquired immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The terminal components of the complement system, C3 C9, are responsible for most protective functions of the complement system. However, in order to subserve their protective functions, C3-C9 must first be activated. In vitro studies have shown that pneumococci are able to activate the terminal components of complement, C3-C9, by at least two different mechanisms, the classical and alternative pathways. Regardless of the pathway of their activation, C3-C9 produce anaphylatoxic, chemotactic, and opsonic activities in serum, each of which has the potential to play an important protective role in pneumococcal infections. Studies with experimental animals and the experience gained from study of complement deficiencies in humans have each fulfilled the promise of the in vitro studies by demonstrating that the complement system plays a biologically significant role in vivo in the host's defense against S. pneumoniae. PMID- 7020048 TI - Experimental infections of animals in the study of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 7020047 TI - Chemical structure of and immune response to polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - By use of rabbit antisera, extensive cross-reactions were demonstrated among pneumococcal (Danish) types 6A and 6B, types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V, and types 19F and 19A. The structural similarity of the group 6 polysaccharides was associated with extensive immunogenicity in humans. In contrast, immunization of humans with type 19F or 19A may not induce sufficient cross-protection. The type 19F polysaccharide has the structure of a linear polymer of N-acetylmannosamine glucose-rhamnose phosphate. Danish type 19A (type 57 in the United States system) polysaccharide contains this repeating unit and, in addition, has side chains of N-acetylglucosamine-galactose phosphate and fucose phosphate. Maternal immunization with type 19F or type 6A polysaccharide during pregnancy elicited high antibody formation in the offspring. Young mice, which received an additional dose of polysaccharide at two weeks of age, showed a higher antibody response than did those that did not receive polysaccharide. These studies reveal that the extensive cross-immunogenicity of pneumococcal group polysaccharides has a basis in chemical structure. Maternal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharides may enhance the immune response of neonates. PMID- 7020049 TI - Classics of infectious diseases. The significance of pneumococcal types by Fred. Griffith, M. B. PMID- 7020051 TI - [Bret-Palmar metroplasty in bifid uterus]. PMID- 7020052 TI - [Our experience in the inhibition of lactation (Controlled clinical study with bromocriptine, methergoline and pyridoxine)]. PMID- 7020053 TI - [Restoration of the devitalized 6-year molar as a support for removable prosthesis]. PMID- 7020050 TI - [Renal transplantation]. PMID- 7020054 TI - [Tooth extraction in patients under anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7020055 TI - [The 6-year molar and partial prosthesis]. PMID- 7020057 TI - Five cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a clinical-pathological contribution. AB - Clinico-pathological features are reported in five cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In three cases only the brain was examined while in the other two a complete autopsy was performed. In one case a brain biopsy was performed and in other two a piece of cerebral cortex was taken within three hours after death; the brain material was frozen and sent for inoculation in monkeys to Dr. Gajdusek of NINDS-Bethesda, with positive results in two. From the clinical point of view our cases may be classified as follows: two as "classic" type; one as "amaurotic" type; and the last two as "ataxic-amyotrophic" forms according to Alema and Brion (see text). All five patients were females from 56 to 73 years of age. The duration of the disease ranged from 3 to 7 months. From the histological point of view, in the two "classic" cases the outstanding features was the neuronal loss in all cortical mantle, mainly in the fronto-parietal cortex; furthermore in one there was severe and diffuse spongiform state. In the "amaurotic" case the three types of lesion were mainly localized in the occipital cortex. In the two "ataxic amyotrophic" forms the neuronal loss was particularly evident in the cerebellar cortex and especially in the granular layer. The Kuru plaques were seen especially in the cerebellum in four of the five cases examined. The aim of our study is to contribute to the epidemiology of this disease. PMID- 7020056 TI - [Anatomo-clinical study of 4 cases of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (spongiform encephalopathy)]. AB - Four anatomo-clinical cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (spongiform encephalopathy) are described. In 3 cases the correct diagnosis was made while the patients were living. The most important diagnostic elements are the following: rapid evolution of a presenile or senile dementia, with neurological symptoms unusual in the Alzheimer's disease. The importance of EEG for the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is confirmed: however the onset of the typical EEG abnormalities was very late in its manifestation, the CT alterations are in general absent or very limited. The pathological alterations are aspecific. The spongiform process was sometimes scarce or limited to specific cerebral areas. PMID- 7020058 TI - [A little known form of aseptic arthritis: due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Apropos of a case, review of the literature]. PMID- 7020059 TI - [Francois Francon (1888-1980)]. PMID- 7020060 TI - [Synovial vascularization and inflammation. II. Electron microscopy study of capillary permeability using immunoperoxidase]. AB - The distribution of IgG and IgM into the normal and rheumatoid synovial membrane have been studied by the authors by means of immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. Within the normal synovial while the IgG are diffusing out of the capillary the IgG are kept in the vascular lumen. Within the rheumatoid synovia IgG and IgM widely diffuse out of the microvasculature. This finding suggest that the rheumatoid inflammation is raising the permeability of synovial capillaries towards IgM molecules. PMID- 7020061 TI - [Aseptic arthritis with positive serology for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Apropos of 6 new cases]. AB - Six personal observations of aseptic acute arthritis with positive serology for yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPT) have been related, the specific serodiagnosis was clearly positive (greater than 1/500) for all the patients and the rate variations of repeated examinations were constantly observed. These cases have been compared with 14 sporadic observations of the existing studies where such reactive arthritis were referred to a recent YPT infection, this confrontation leads us to specify the characteristics of this inflammatory rheumatism : starting by a prearthritic phase with variable combination of fever, diarrhea, abdominal pains, erythema nodosum, usually polyarticular affection (90%) mostly of the knees (89%), ankle-joints, wrists and elbows, marked inflammatory clinical and biological signs but without X. Rays abnormalities. The course which seems hastened by anti-inflammatory medication ends up several weeks or months later without recurrences or secondary diseases by a recovery. The presence of HLA B27 antigen in 50% out of the 10 tested cases enables us to discover the intervention of a predisposing genetic factor. A semiologic and nosologic comparison is established with polyarthritis of YEC infection. The discussion concerning the 18 observations where only serology based diagnosis exists, turns mainly on the reality of sporadic YPT rheumatism. If it is not yet possible to assert with certitude the authenticity of such YPT reactive arthritis there is several arguments in support of that, particularly the existence of post-septicemia aseptic polyarthritis and the existence of similar joint-affection during the far east scarlatiniform fever which is a special form of YPT infection. PMID- 7020062 TI - Prolactin and growth hormone response in induced hypoglycaemia in obese patients. AB - Obesity represents a metabolic abnormality which brings a disordered hormone response during functional pituitary tests. Twenty obese patients were investigated and growth hormone and prolactin response during the insulin tolerance test were determined and the result was compared to an adequate control group consisting of 10 healthy nonobese patients. Two types of prolactin response were obtained--one normal and one decreased, unlike the growth hormone response which was constantly decreased. The authors discuss the hypothesis according to which the defect of endocrine hypothalamus might be an etiological factor of obesity. PMID- 7020063 TI - The contributions made by Romanian physicians to the development of endocrinology. PMID- 7020064 TI - The use of an angiotensin II antagonist (saralasin) as an adjunct during renal vein catheterization. AB - Renal vein catheterization was performed in fifteen hypertensive patients with unilateral renal disease. Samples for measurement of plasma renin concentration were obtained from each of the two renal veins and from the femoral artery (or the inferior caval vein)-before and during saralasin infusion. Saralasin infusion induced a significant decrease in blood pressure. In ten patients with lateralization of renin secretion before infusion, saralasin induced a 2-fold increase of the renin gradient across the diseased kidney, whereas there was no significant renin gradient across the contralateral kidney neither before nor after saralasin infusion. Thus, the renal venous renin ratio (diseased/contralateral) increased from a mean value of 2.10 to 4.13. In five patients without lateralization of renin secretion prior to infusion, saralasin induced a significant increase of renin gradient across both kidneys. In consequence, evidence for lateralization did not emerge and the renal vein renin ratio remained unchanged at 1.10. In cases with lateralization of renin secretion, the use of saralasin provides confirmatory evidence for strictly unilateral renin secretion with suppression of renin output from the contralateral kidney. In patients without obvious lateralization of renin secretion before saralasin, the administration of this angiotensin II inhibitor can serve to demonstrate a potential renin for renin secretion, shared by both kidneys. PMID- 7020065 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in human liver membranes correlated to insulin release and glucose tolerance. AB - Glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity has been studied in human crude liver membranes prepared from liver biopsies taken at cholecystectomies. Enzyme activities were negatively correlated to 0-40 min plasma insulin increments determined preoperatively by oral glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 7020066 TI - Freeze-dried, plastic-embedded tissue preparation: a review. AB - The freeze-dried, plastic-embedded specimen is a versatile type of animal soft tissue preparation, with attributes that commend it for some types of analytical and morphological studies. The preparation involves rapid freezing, freeze drying, osmic acid vapor fixation, and embedding in an epoxy resin. This preparation, though difficult and tedious, offers some advantages for quantification and localization of water-soluble constituents in intracellular spaces. When prepared according to established protocol, there is evidence to suggest that the embedded sample faithfully retains intracellular levels of water soluble constituents that are present at time of cryofixation. The sample can be stored easily and indefinitely and the tissue can be examined in a variety of ways. Thin sections will accept many stains for light and electron microscopy; the sample can be used for some histochemical procedures; and quantification of intracellular electrolytes is possible with electron probe microanalysis using one of several techniques. A major disadvantage of the method is the lack of satisfactory preservation of normal solute distributions in extracellular spaces. Important considerations for instruments equipped with Si(Li) energy detector systems are the decrease in mass fraction of the elements of interest due to embedding material, and complications in analysis for some elements because of the presence of osmium. This latter problem is of little consequence for analysis by wavelength spectrometers; and the increase in sample density, because of the embedding material, can be used to advantage for thick sample analysis. PMID- 7020067 TI - A bibliography of application of SEM to clinical research in Japan since the foundation of Clinical Electron Microscopy Society of Japan. PMID- 7020068 TI - A bibliography of biomedical application of SEM in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7020069 TI - Monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Modulation by Glycolysis and insulin. AB - In suspensions of purified human monocytes from 14 healthy persons the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), the lactate release, and the glucose uptake were studied. In non-stimulated monocytes ADCC correlated with lactate release and glucose uptake. Following addition of insulin a dose-related rise in ADCC, lactate release, and glucose uptake was observed. For each of the three processes the maximal insulin effect was about 30%. Most of the stimulation was seen within the physiological concentration range of insulin, and the insulin concentration resulting in 50% of the maximal effect was nearly the same for ADCC, lactate release, and glucose uptake (about 100 pM). The insulin stimulation of ADCC correlated with the stimulation of lactate release and glucose uptake. An inverse correlation between the ADCC of non-stimulated monocytes and the insulin stimulation of ADCC was demonstrated. No relationship was found between monocyte maturity and any of the three variables of monocyte function, either with or without insulin. These results indicate that, for normal monocytes, the cytotoxic capacity is closely related to the glycolysis. PMID- 7020070 TI - [The development of psychotherapy in the 20th century]. AB - The appearance of Freud's earliest writings at the beginning of this century marked the birth of modern systematic and scientific psychotherapy. The following development was explosive in its depth and breadth. It was primarily the group psychotherapies that contributed most to the development in breadth. They practised the reverse of Freud's basic teaching that the whole healing process should occur within a psychic realm. A development in depth was not possible until a reflective review of the presuppositions of psychotherapy concerning the nature of the human being was admitted. Prior to this, the rapidly appearing new schools of psychotherapy were superficial and even thoughtless in their basic tenets. Ludwig Binswanger's thinking initiated a new approach to the understanding of the basic condition and meaning of human existence. Following the example of the philosopher Martin Heidegger, he was able to replace the name of what had previously been called "psychotherapy" with the designation "Daseinsanalyse". It then became possible to give up the ever vague and opaque conception of a "psyche" in favour of the strictly scientifically defined "Da sein" of the human being. PMID- 7020072 TI - [Apropos of dentifrices and Dr. Albert Senn (1869-1934), a historical note]. PMID- 7020071 TI - [The 50th anniversary of Constantin von Monakow's death]. PMID- 7020073 TI - [Death as a result of a poorly fitting denture]. PMID- 7020074 TI - [Sagittal, vertical and tilting effects of Goshgarian's palatal arch on the upper 1st molars]. PMID- 7020075 TI - [Energy metabolism and proteolysis in traumatized and septic man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020076 TI - [Tao Lieh---the pioneer in neurosciences of our country (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020077 TI - Effect of B22-arginine replacement on the biological activity of insulin. AB - The semisynthesis of a series of B23-D-Ala deshexapeptide and despentapeptide analogues with B22-arginine replaced are described. The following semisynthetic scheme is used: desnonapeptide insulin pentamethyl ester is prepared from insulin hexamethyl ester through the action of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B, the amino groups are protected with Boc-groups, the protected product is condensed with synthetic peptides, and the protecting groups are removed with trifluoroacetic acid treatment and by saponification. The biological activities of these analogues indicate that the B22-Arg is non-essential and can be replaced by Lys or even Asp without any influence on the biological activity. The activity is reduced to one half when it is replaced by valine or to a very low level when replaced by Gly or D-Arg. The reason for the low activity of guinea pig insulin is discussed. PMID- 7020078 TI - Studies on mechanism of action of luteinizing releasing hormone (LH-RH) in ovulation of fish--intracellular distribution of LH-RH-A in pituitary gonadotrophs as revealed by electron-microscopic autoradiography. AB - The results of competitive bending experiment and the electron-microscopic autoradiographic studies show that the peptide hormone, LH-RH-A (a nonapeptide), could be internalized into the gonadotrophs of the pituitary gland of the mud carp (Cirrhrinus molitorella). It is demonstrated that the labeled peptide, 125I LH-RH-A, is internalized not only into the cytoplasm, but also into the nucleus, apparently via the nuclear pores. It is, therefore, suggested that the peptide hormone might act directly on the genome either in the form of a hormone-receptor complex or of a single molecule. PMID- 7020079 TI - Soft tissue sarcoma: a historical overview. PMID- 7020080 TI - [A dynamic study of rapid maxillary expansion with osteotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020081 TI - [A clinico-pathological study of pulp response to a composite resin restoration system using adhesive bonding agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020083 TI - [Blood transfusion and cancerology]. PMID- 7020082 TI - Spina bifida and unilateral focal destruction of the distal femoral epiphysis. AB - Focal destruction of the postero-lateral distal femoral epiphysis was present on radiographs in two children with spina bifida and objective lower limb sensory loss. Each patient presented with painless swelling of the knee. In one patient the epiphysis showed sclerosis and fragmentation associated with a defect. In the second patient the destructive change was the dominant radiographic abnormality and simulated bone tumor. Computed tomography in this patient showed a bone fragment occupying the defect suggesting epiphyseal fracture. The lesion in each patient was believed to be traumatic in origin and to represent a stage in the development toward neuropathic arthropathy. PMID- 7020084 TI - Biological basis of stress-related mortality. PMID- 7020085 TI - Cystic fibrosis: a medical overview and critique of the psychological literature. PMID- 7020086 TI - Nursing health care and professionalism in Cuba. PMID- 7020087 TI - [Some more details about institutional psychotherapy]. PMID- 7020088 TI - Neurologic emergencies in cancer patients. PMID- 7020091 TI - Management of flail chest after blunt trauma. PMID- 7020090 TI - Treatment of lactic acidosis. AB - Severe lactic acidosis is often associated with poor prognosis. Recognition and correction of the underlying process is the major step in the treatment of this serious condition. Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate has been the mainstay in the treatment of lactic acidosis. Aggressive use of this therapeutic modality, however, can lead to serious complications and should therefore be considered with caution. Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis provide large amounts of alkali without causing the hypernatremia or hypervolemia commonly associated with bicarbonate infusion. Peritoneal dialysis with bicarbonate-based dialysate, in particular, appears to be an ideal means of delivering physiologic buffer. Administration of methylene blue was initially thought to increase lactate metabolism by altering the cellular oxidative state. Its subsequent clinical use, however, showed little efficacy. Sodium nitroprusside has been advocated for the treatment of some forms of lactic acidosis as a method of alleviating regional hypoperfusion. Insulin therapy has been found to be quite useful in the treatment of phenformin-associated lactic acidosis and is recommended in this setting. Since dichloroacetate activates pyruvate dehydrogenase and enhances lactate metabolism, it may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of lactic acidosis. PMID- 7020089 TI - Radiologic aspects of hemobilia. PMID- 7020092 TI - Fatal ingestion of a radiolucent dental prosthesis. PMID- 7020093 TI - Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: II. Clinical trial of niclofolan. AB - A clinical trial of Niclofolan on human opisthorchiasis was carried out in 60 patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases. Two dosage regimen, 2 mg and 3 mg per kg body weight repeated after a 72 hour interval was administered to 31 and 4 patients respectively. Comparative evaluation with the placebo group of 25 patients was made by the Stoll count on day 20, 40 and 60 after treatment. On day 60 percentage egg reduction of the treated and the placebo groups were similar. Mild and transient side effects such as nausea, anorexia, myalgia and arthralgia were recorded in all 3 groups but more severe in the higher dosage group. In this study, Niclofolan failed in reducing the egg production of Opisthorchis viverrini. PMID- 7020094 TI - Malaria antibody titres as measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody test in relation to parasitaemia and treatment. AB - Two hundred and two sera from Orang Asli patients living in malarious areas were tested by the washed-cell, thick smear malaria IFA test. These patients were infected with P.vivax, P.falciparum and some with both parasites. Antibodies to the homologous antigens were detected at titres of 1 : 16-1 : 4096 about 60 days after onset of treatment. Eighteen months after cure antibody levels had fallen to lower levels of reactivity. PMID- 7020095 TI - Further studies on the development of Wuchereria bancrofti in laboratory animals. AB - In an attempt to obtain a small animal laboratory model for Wuchereria bancrofti Mongolian gerbils and hamsters were infected with third-stage larvae of strains of the parasite from Indonesia and China. Gerbils were necropsied at 7 to 591 days and larvae recovered up to 219 days. The third molt occurred on or before 10 days and worms found after 14 days were in the fourth stage. More worms were recovered early in the infection (7 to 30 days) than in older infections. The worms were usually recovered from the testes, pelt and carcass and heart and lungs. An adult male worm was recovered on one occasion from the lung of a gerbil at 92 days. The parasite was also found to develop in hamsters with results similar to those in gerbils. Gerbils and hamsters were given antithymocyte sera before and after infection and more worms were recovered and the worms larger in size in some treated animals. Continued studies with geographic strains of W. bancrofti in various animals should be encouraged in order to find a small laboratory animal model for the parasite. PMID- 7020096 TI - Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection from Lampung and South Sumatra, Indonesia. AB - A report was made of 4 cases of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections. The infections, detected in Jakarta, were imported from Kotabumi, Tanjung Karang, the Island of Pidada in the Lampung Province and from Pangkalpinang on the Island Bangka in the Province of South Sumatra. Treatment with courses of 1500 mg chloroquine base and with increased dosages up to 2250 mg base failed to cure the patients. The chloroquine sensitivity test in vitro was carried out in 3 patients, which showed that the Plasmodium falciparum strains were resistant to chloroquine at the R I level. The strains appeared to be similar to the Malaya Camp strain. In vivo observations revealed that the parasites were resistant at the R I level with a delayed recrudescence. The chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria cases, acquired in South Sumatra, may therefore be regarded as the first reported cases from a focus outside the already known two foci in Indonesia, namely East Kalimantan and Irian Jaya. It may be expected that chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum will be encountered in other parts of Indonesia in the near future. The use of a combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine should not be recommended in Indonesia because chloroquine is still considered the drug of choice against all malaria infections in Indonesia. PMID- 7020097 TI - Neonatal malaria in Southern Thailand. PMID- 7020098 TI - [History of the distribution of Lenin's Iskra in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7020099 TI - [New documents on the life and scientific achievements of I. I. Grekov (1867 1941)]. PMID- 7020100 TI - [The impact of measles in Mexico]. PMID- 7020102 TI - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with early onset in Blacks and Indians. AB - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with onset below 35 years of age was studies in 43 Indian and 9 Black patients. NIDDM was diagnosed in 10.0% and 1.6% of diabetes in the respective racial groups. The mean age of the patients was 35.4 years and the mean duration of diabetes 7.5 years. Nearly 50% of patients were significantly obese, and more than 50% had a positive family history of diabetes. In all patients the diabetes was symptomatic at presentation, although frequently insidious in onset. In all cases the symptoms could be controlled without insulin therapy. Despite persistence significant hyperglycaemia in several patients, ketosis did not occur at any stage. Complications were detected in 40% of the Indian and 22% of the Black patients, but were unrelated to the duration of diabetes or severity of hyperglycaemia. Basal insulin levels and postglucose insulinaemic responses were lower in the Black than the Indian diabetes. PMID- 7020101 TI - [Foreign body migration from the femur to the lesser pelvis]. PMID- 7020103 TI - Mongolian spot; Afro-Asian stain; sacral stain. PMID- 7020106 TI - Medical philately: sport and medicine. PMID- 7020104 TI - Cholestyramine as an aid to management of prolonged diarrhoea in the hospital drip-room. Preliminary findings. AB - Two groups of children with diarrhoea of more than 7 days' duration were studied. While the length of stay in hospital of the two groups was similar, there was a significant improvement in the frequency and consistency of the stools of the children given cholestyramine. This improvement was also noted in children with positive stool cultures. Cholestyramine also plays an important role in reducing the number of children or intravenous therapy at any time. PMID- 7020105 TI - [Hemophilia - a royal disease]. AB - Haemophilia was an important contributing factor in the fall of the Romanov dynasty, thereby affecting the history of the Russian Empire as well as the history of the world at large. The occurrence of haemophilia in the reigning houses of England, Germany and Spain also influenced the course of events in these countries. The extent which haemophilia affected the history of mankind therefore gives this affliction a prominence not equalled by any other disease. PMID- 7020107 TI - In memoriam Arnold Hugh Tonkin. PMID- 7020108 TI - The effect of penbutolol on glomerular filtration. AB - Penbutolol, a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker, was found to increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly (16%) relative to placebo when administered orally in a dose of 40 mg daily for 7 consecutive days to healthy males. Measurements were performed after the seventh dose. In contrast, a single acute intravenous dose of penbutolol 4 mg did not influence the GFR, which was determined by means of a gamma counter after intravenous injection of technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid. Since penbutolol possesses moderate beta adrenomimetic activity, it is postulated that the observed increase in the GFR after oral penbutolol could be due to increased cardiac output at rest. PMID- 7020110 TI - Malaria in Cape Town. A report of 3 cases and a review of current therapy and prophylaxis. AB - Three cases of malaria seen within 1 week at the Somerset Hospital in Cape Town are reported. One of these patients developed cerebral malaria and severe brain damage. The management of acute malaria and its complications, as well as the prophylaxis, is briefly reviewed. In view of the difficulty in obtaining intravenous quinine in Cape Town, it is strongly recommended that small supplies of intravenous quinine be maintained at centres throughout the country. This may decrease the incidence of cerebral malaria, the potentially fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infections. PMID- 7020109 TI - Pregnancy in insulin-dependent diabetics. A 5 1/2-year study at Groote Schuur Hospital. AB - During a 5 1/2-year period we have seen only 39 pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes, as opposed to 171 with established insulin-independent diabetes. Tight control with two injections of mixed insulins per day was attempted, but satisfactory blood glucose values were obtained in only 16 cases. Nevertheless the overall perinatal mortality rate was 77/1000; of the 3 infants which died 2 had lethal congenital abnormalities and 1 was born to a mother whom we had been seeing for only 4 weeks. Perinatal morbidity was similar to that in other series, except that few of our infants were oversized, hyaline membrane disease was uncommon, and only 2 had a low Apgar score. Fourteen infants weighed less than 2500 g. Hypoglycaemia in the newborn appears to be much reduced by the use of continuous low-dose intravenous insulin infusion during labour or caesarean section. To reduce perinatal mortality further, we conclude that exact blood glucose control should be attained before conception. PMID- 7020111 TI - A half century of medical life in Kimberley. Personal reminiscences. AB - Fifty years ago Kimberley was a "city" with tramways, hotels, shops, cultural and recreational facilities and an imposing hospital. Active diamond mines surrounded the town and the hinterland was populated by diamond diggers, prospectors and farmers. The area was beset by a harsh climate and droughts, as well as by slumps in the diamond market. Medically, Kimberley has pioneered breakthroughs such as the brilliant discovery of the rinderpest vaccine by Koch, the first statutory register of nurses in the world (pioneered by Henrietta Stockdale), the first medical association in South Africa, and the unique Kimberley Medical Practitioners' Pool, active during World War II. PMID- 7020113 TI - Production of specific antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans by hybridomas in vitro. PMID- 7020114 TI - Lysis of growing yeast-form cells of Candida albicans by echinocandin: a cytological study. AB - Yeast form cells of Candida albicans 6406 were treated with echinocandin, a new antifungal agent, which, in the absence of osmotic protection, provoked the lysis of exponentially growing cells. Lysis did not occur in stationary-phase cells and when protein synthesis was blocked. In intact cells, the synthesis of glucan, but not other important wall components, was partially inhibited. A cytological study of the effects of echinocandin at lytic doses (3.0 microgram ml-1) on osmotically protected yeast cells revealed a substantial thinning of the bud cell wall and derangement of its constitutive layers within 5-10 min, showing that the balance of wall growth was quickly and critically affected by the drug. Associated with this effect, a number of membranous bodies of myelin-like appearance were often seen in close proximity to the plasmamembrane of the emerging bud. Later during treatment (15 min onwards) membranous, convoluted bodies were detected in the nuclear and other intracytoplasmic membranes. Subsequent lytic events, unevenly distributed in cell population, eventually brought about complete lysis of the cell cytoplasmic structure. These results suggest that echinocandin may block a biosynthetic step during wall construction, or that it could alter wall metabolism as a result of a primary interaction with membranes. PMID- 7020112 TI - The effect of 5-fluorocytosine on the germination of Aspergillus fumigatus and on subsequent nuclear division. AB - 5-Fluorocytosine (5FC) inhibits the germination of the conidia of A. fumigatus. This is different from the lack of effect of 5FC on hyphal formation from blastospores of C. albicans because, unlike C. albicans, A. fumigatus requires DNA synthesis for germination, and this is inhibited by 5FC. A modified fluorescent Feulgen method has been developed to stain fungal nuclei in the presence and absence of 5FC. This method has shown that hyphae treated with 5FC have fewer nuclei than untreated hyphae. During hyphal growth, DNA synthesis and hyphal elongation in A. fumigatus are equally inhibited by 5FC. This is different from the differential effect of 5FC on C. albicans when hyphal elongation continues during an inhibition of DNA synthesis. The equal inhibition in A. fumigatus is clearly not unbalanced growth and so the action of 5FC on A. fumigatus is merely fungistatic. PMID- 7020115 TI - Clarification of the systemic manifestations of syphilis, especially in the tertiary stage. PMID- 7020116 TI - [Cutting and dental pulp protection. Problems and their management in dental cavity preparation and abutment formation]. PMID- 7020117 TI - [Cutting and drilling instruments in dental cavity preparation: their types and uses]. PMID- 7020118 TI - [Cutting and drilling instruments in abutment preparation: their types and uses]. PMID- 7020119 TI - [High speed cutting of deciduous teeth and their problems]. PMID- 7020120 TI - [Cutting and cutting instruments--reconsideration of high speed cutting]. PMID- 7020121 TI - [General structure and maintenance of dental air-turbine handpiece]. PMID- 7020122 TI - [Maintenance of cutting and grinding instruments]. PMID- 7020123 TI - [Systematization of cutting-grinding]. PMID- 7020124 TI - [Tooth to denture base discrepancy among Japanese during the Middle Ages]. PMID- 7020125 TI - [Effects of flurbiprofen (FP-70) on pain in periodontics: double-blind methods in comparison with aspirin]. PMID- 7020126 TI - [Effects of Y-0213 (miroprofen) on postoperative pain in endodontics--double blind test with placebos]. PMID- 7020128 TI - National Commission on Social Security: recommendations. PMID- 7020129 TI - Current techniques of nutritional assessment. AB - This article has dealt with techniques of nutritional assessment as currently utilized in the hospital setting. Although the techniques are easily mastered and abundant data have been collected, we are only slightly closer to achieving an accurate and clinically meaningful nutritional assessment. Interpretation of data is hampered by reliance on tables of "norms" and by the questionable validity of relating individual tests to the whole patient. The interest stimulated in nutrition by widespread application of these assessment techniques, however, has resulted in a burst of new investigative efforts. Determination of body composition by total body neutron activation and isotope dilution during various states of nutrition, isotope studies of substrate utilization, and evaluation of body function relative to composition are all exciting areas of future investigation. Until an accurate comprehensive technique of nutritional assessment is available, emphasis must be placed on obtaining as much data as possible from the dietary and clinical history, physical examination, and anthropometric and laboratory measurements, with great reliance on clinical impression and judgement. At the current state of the art, in addition to the history and physical examination, we propose as a minimum that a nutritional assessment consist of current weight and recording of recent weight change, determination of serum albumin, transferrin, TLC, and testing for DTHR to common skin test antigens, and an evaluation of muscle function. PMID- 7020131 TI - Nutrition and host defense mechanisms. PMID- 7020130 TI - Uncomplicated and stressed starvation. PMID- 7020127 TI - [Clinical test of dental TDZ in prosthodontics]. PMID- 7020132 TI - Nutritional support in sepsis. AB - Sepsis induces a complex series of host metabolic adjustments, involving muscle proteolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Successful hemodynamic management of the initial phase of shock has lead to survivors who face the prospect of eventual mortality (50 per cent) from this septic episode one to two weeks later. Surgery and use of antibiotics may minimize the invasive infection and eradicate the source. Continued support in the form of cardiorespiratory, renal, and nutritional support provide time, but these measures are only supportive. Nutrition does allow for important protein synthesis. Essential to eventual survival is the ability of the host to contain and resolve the infective microorganism. PMID- 7020133 TI - Neurosurgeon of the year. Keiji Sano. PMID- 7020134 TI - Segmental pancreas transplantation from living related and cadaver donors: a clinical experience. AB - Between July 25, 1978, and January 25, 1981, 20 segmental pancreas transplants from 14 cadaver (cad) and six related (rel) donors were performed. All but two recipients had previously received renal allografts for treatment of end-sage diabetic nephropathy. The grafts were placed intraperitoneally-13 with open ducts, 4 with prolamine-injected ducts, and 3 with silicone rubber-injected ducts. At this writing six patients have functioning grafts (3 silicone, 3 open duct) at less than 1 (cad), 2 (cad), 3 (rel), 15 (cad), 20 (rel), and 31 (cad) months. Five open-duct grafts failed for technical reasons. Two prolamine injected grafts lost function between 1 and 3 months; biopsy specimens showed severe fibrosis. The others lost function between 2 and 4 months. Three patients died 1 to 3 months after transplantation. Metabolic test results were normal or nearly normal in most recipients with functioning grafts. Splenectomy was required in one related donor; there were no other complications of donation. Technical problems and rejection are impediments to application of pancreas transplantation, but a sustained correction of the metabolic defect has been achieved in a few patients, and the effect on secondary complications are studied. PMID- 7020135 TI - Treatment of aspiration pneumonia with ibuprofen and prostacyclin. PMID- 7020136 TI - Comparison of the effects of saline and homologous plasma infusion on lung fluid balance during endotoxemia in the unanesthetized sheep. AB - The effects of saline infusion (20 ml/kg/30 minutes) and homologous plasma infusion (20 ml/kg/30 minutes) on the lung fluid balance during increased pulmonary capillary permeability secondary to Escherichia coli endotoxin infusion (1 microgram/kg/15 minutes) were studied in unanesthetized sheep. Saline and homologous plasma infusion increased lung lymph flow by 10.6% and 10.8%, respectively. The bloodless wet-to-dry ratio was 5.1 +/- 0.2 in the saline group and 5.2 +/- 0.2 in the homologous plasma group. The saline infusion decreased the plasma oncotic pressure while the plasma infusion increased plasma oncotic pressure. However, the increase in plasma oncotic pressure was negated by concomitant changes in the lymph oncotic pressure and greater increases in pulmonary microvascular pressure during the plasma infusion. Changes in pulmonary microvascular pressure predominated over changes in the oncotic pressure gradient. Both saline and homologous plasma infusion increase fluid filtration into the interstitial space by the same magnitude. Therefore neither has a clear advantage in the treatment of pulmonary edema during increased permeability. PMID- 7020137 TI - Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in healthy human beings. AB - The effect of daily dietary supplements of 30 gm of arginine HCl for 7 days on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mitogenic reactivity in vitro was measured in 21 healthy human volunteers. Arginine significantly increased stimulation indices of PBL following concanavalin A (Con A) (57.9 +/- 11.4 versus 216.9 +/- 46.6, P less than 0.01) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (84.1 +/- 12.8 versus 307.0 +/- 59.4, P less than 0.001) stimulation in a microculture assay utilizing RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated autologous serum. Similar enhanced blastogenesis was observed using medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated pooled AB normal human serum. In six volunteers studied following 3 days of similar arginine supplementation, blastogenic responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes were already significantly enhanced, although not as greatly as after 7 days. Arginine had no effect on total peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and on T- and B-cell ratios. The effects of supplemental dietary arginine could not be duplicated in vitro by increasing the arginine concentration in the culture medium. Furthermore, dietary arginine supplementation did not increase cell viability in culture. Minimal side effects were noted, such as nausea or diarrhea, which responded to lowering the dose ingested at one time. No deleterious effects were noted on liver function test results. We conclude that supplemental dietary arginine is a safe nutritional stimulator of lymphocyte immune reactivity in healthy human beings. PMID- 7020138 TI - Noninvasive cardiopulmonary monitoring. AB - Contrast dilution curves have been utilized for evaluation of hemodynamic function. Noninvasive techniques for this purpose usually have been qualitative, expensive, and cumbersome with minimal applicability to the newborn infant. The technique of roentgen densitometry has been utilized to screen children with heart murmurs. Characteristic curve patterns were identified for normal subjects and for patients with shunts with correlation to catheterization data. This technique is now being applied in a quantitative fashion to estimate cardiac output and left-to-right ductal shunts. Cardiac output volumes were inversely proportional to the difference of the second moments of the dilution curves obtained--the second moment being a measurement of the peak dispersion. The estimation of the percent of left-to-right shunt is related to the exponential decay of the left-sided curve. PMID- 7020139 TI - Nonspecific enhancement of host defenses against infection: experimental evidence of a new order of efficacy and safety. AB - Enhancement of nonspecific host defenses against bacterial challenge has been a long-standing goal often thwarted by variable efficacy, inconsistent bioassay, and paradoxic immunosuppression. Muramyl dipeptide provides enhanced survival after intravenous challenge with less than 8 x 10(3) Klebsiella, as well as improved local control of infection at sites of intramuscular bacterial injection, with and without a surgical foreign body. No depression of host response was seen over wide ranges of doses and intervals. Muramyl dipeptide provides a new order of efficacy and safety and warrants continued careful assessment. PMID- 7020141 TI - Prophylactic cefazolin in gastric bypass surgery. AB - Because surgery in obese patients is associated with a high risk of infection, gastric bypass procedures offer an excellent opportunity to test the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics. Accordingly, a double-blind prospective trial of prophylactic cefazolin was carried out in 53 consecutive patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. The patients were randomized to two treatment arms: (1) cefazolin intravenously, 1 gm 2 hours prior to surgery, at induction of anesthesia, and then 0.5 gm every 6 hours for 48 hours, or (2) an indistinguishable placebo of 5% dextrose at identical intervals. Serial cultures were taken at operation and in the postoperative period. Antibiotic levels of fat were measured by tissue extraction and B. subtilis assay. After surgery, patients were monitored for infection by clinicians unaware of their random assignment group. The study was terminated and the code broken when it was evident that wound infections were increased to a statistically significant difference in one arm of the study. The brief perioperative administration of cefazolin reduced the incidence of wound infection from 21% to 4% (P less than 0.05) and the incidence of urinary tract and pulmonary infections from 17% to 0% (P less than 0.05). Tissue levels of antibiotics confirmed adequate dosages in the test subjects. The advantages of prophylactic administration of cefazolin for gastric bypass procedures are clearly demonstrated in this study. This confirms other reports which have shown prophylactic antibiotics to be useful in a variety of procedures. These studies suggest the need to reconsider the traditional opposition to prophylactic antibiotics and to determine whether perioperative antibiotics should be used routinely in all major operations. PMID- 7020142 TI - The structure and biomechanics of bone. AB - An attempt has been made to present a uniform view of studies of bone which have as their raison d'etre an understanding of the 'form-function' relationship. This is the key to understanding the mechanisms controlling the growth, development and behavior of bone as a dynamic biological system in its response to the mechanical stresses imposed through both normal and pathological conditions. Studies of structure at various levels of organization were presented both in themselves as well as where correlated with mechanical measurements; similarly, mechanical measurements alone were described as well as studies in which the mechanical properties were correlated with structural studies. These studies are presenting sufficient details for a picture to begin to form with enough resolution to provide a standard against which to test models which attempt to describe Wolff's Law mechanisms (form predicating function nd vice versa) as well as models which attempt to understand what is responsible for the material properties of bone. The hierarchical composite modeling which closes this paper is such an attempt at the latter problem. The modeling is rooted in both the structural studies and mechanical measurements thus closing the loop. PMID- 7020140 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity in surgical patients: influence of trauma and infection. AB - Hypertriglyceridemia commonly accompanies clinical sepsis and may be caused by increased hepatic production or decreased clearance of triglyceride from the bloodstream. In contrast, enhanced lipid clearing capacity is usually seen after uncomplicated trauma. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in effecting the above changes. Enzyme activity was assayed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsy samples from 11 normal subjects and from 17 injured and 11 infected surgical patients. Normal subjects after 4 days of 5% dextrose infusion (D5) showed a significant decrease in adipose tissue LPL activity but no change in skeletal muscle activity. Trauma patients after several days of D5 had higher activity in adipose tissue and higher plasma insulin levels than diet-matched control subjects but showed no change in skeletal muscle activity. Infected patients with high plasma triglyceride levels had significantly decreased LPL activity in both tissues. A linear relationship was found between insulin concentration and adipose tissue LPL activity in normal subjects. We conclude that: (1) low tissue LPL activity in sepsis may result in diminished lipid clearance and contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, (2) after trauma, changes in tissue LPL activity as well as other factors such as altered hemodynamics play a role in determining in vivo lipid clearance, and (3) adipose tissue LPL activity is related to the plasma insulin concentration in normal subjects. PMID- 7020143 TI - Insect cuticle: a paradigm for natural composites. PMID- 7020144 TI - Some mechanical and physical properties of teeth. PMID- 7020145 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome treated with chloditane and large doses of reserpine]. PMID- 7020146 TI - [Examination of the functional status of the hormonal system in the differential diagnosis of various forms of hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7020147 TI - [Insulin and glucagon levels in various forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7020148 TI - [Experience in the treatment of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma with low doses of insulin]. PMID- 7020150 TI - [Tissue hypoxia in diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 7020149 TI - [Insulin turnover in diabetic patients with renal disorders based on the data of double radioindicator studies]. PMID- 7020151 TI - [Possible mechanisms of hormone participation in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7020152 TI - [Role of Haemophilus influenzae in the development of nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7020153 TI - [Current diagnosis of recurrent rheumatic heart disease (based on data of Tomsk clinics)]. PMID- 7020154 TI - Prostacyclin reduces red cell deformability. PMID- 7020156 TI - [Epidemiological studies on Salmonella in a particular area ('Walcheren Project'). V. Studies on the possibility of fattening pigs free from Salmonella (author's transl)]. AB - Four trials were made to study the possibility of fattening pigs free from Salmonella under field conditions. One pig-sty on a Salmonella-contaminated farm was used in these studies. Previous studies had shown that Salmonella-free fattening pigs could be produced under experimental conditions. A number of hygienic measures were adopted on the farm, such as the purchase of Salmonella free piglets, the use of correctly pelleted feed, thorough cleaning and disinfecting of the pig-sty, and the prevention of all infections originating from the environment. Notwithstanding all these measures, completely Salmonella free pigs could not be obtained. In three out of four experiments, even a mass infection with Salmonella even became apparent among the pigs. During the experiments a number of possible routes of infection were detected. The presence of these possible routes of infection was due to the fact that the measures referred to were not carried out accurately. This suggests that it will be very difficult to satisfy the requirements of strict hygiene under field conditions. Further experimental studies will have to show whether this is usually the case. During the third and fourth trial, studies were not confined to the farm, but also extended to the period of slaughter. From these investigations it became apparent that transport to as well as the period of waiting in the slaughter house also provide several opportunities for contamination of the pigs, in spite of extensive cleaning and disinfection of both cattle-truck and lairages. PMID- 7020155 TI - [100 years of the disease concept and its consequences]. PMID- 7020157 TI - Improved pulmonary venous anastomosis using a single left atrial cuff in one stage bilateral lung autotransplantation. AB - A technical modification in pulmonary venous anastomosis is presented for one stage bilateral lung autotransplantation in dogs. This method nullified or minimized both narrowing and loss of vascular distensibility due to scar formation at anastomotic line which inevitably resulted in functional defects after the operation. In this new procedure, bilateral pulmonary arteries were anastomosed using angioplastic techniques and both right and left pulmonary veins were sutured orthotopically as a single atrial cuff. Of 11 dogs which underwent one-stage bilateral lung replantation, 6 survived after operation. Sites of vascular anastomoses in the long-term survivors showed no narrowing due to scar formation at autopsy after hemodynamic examination. In these animals rapid and continuing infusion of 2000 to 3000 ml of blood or plasma explander was performed within 15 min through an intraatrial catheter. Various hemodynamic values were measured simultaneously. In the dog with bilateral lung transplants pulmonary arterial pressure showed linear increase with an increase in cardiac output when compared with control animal studies. It could be interpreted from these results that some changes occurred in the mechanism of pulmonary circulation of the transplant. PMID- 7020159 TI - Some hematological and histopathological effects of the alkaloids gramine and hordenine on meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). AB - Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were used to evaluate the relative toxicity of the alkaloids, gramine and hordenine, which are present in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and to assess their effects on the quality of this grass as a forage. One hundred and twenty meadow voles, 31 days of age, were fed gramine (0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% of a nutritionally complete diet) or hordenine sulfate (0, 0.15, 0.31, or 0.62% of the diet) for 21 days. The effects of treatment on growth, mortality, hematology, blood chemistry, and histology of body organs were examined. Approximately one-third of the voles died when fed either 0.25 or 0.50% gramine. Voles that survived on gramine diets had kidney lesions, glycosuria, higher intakes (P less than 0.05), and lower weight gains (P less than 0.01) than control animals. Voles fed 0.25 and 0.50% gramine had increased circulating reticulocyte levels (P less than 0.01) and those fed 0.125% gramine had higher alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.05) than the control voles. Hordenine did not affect vole diet intake, weight gain, or rate of mortality. Voles fed hordenine developed kidney lesions and glucose was detected in the urine of 62% of these animals. Gramine was more toxic than hordenine on a molar equivalent basis. PMID- 7020158 TI - Mutagenicity testing of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin in histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7020160 TI - [Evaluation of the preventive and therapeutic effect of the Ney Retention System for partial dentures. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7020161 TI - [In memoriam Basileios Stephanopoulos-Brettos]. PMID- 7020162 TI - [Free practice of dentistry of everyone. A continuation of "Dentists' freedom of treat...", 3. The free practice of dentistry for American immigrants (D.D.S.)]. PMID- 7020163 TI - Fielding H. Garrison: the man and his book. Samuel X Radbill lecture. PMID- 7020164 TI - Casuistry and professional obligations: the regulation of physicians by the court of conscience in the late Middle Ages. PMID- 7020165 TI - Some Italian broadsides and passports of epidemiologic interest (1618-1723). PMID- 7020166 TI - Some aspects of exorcism within the Catholic Church in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. PMID- 7020167 TI - Smut's dark poison: ergot in history and medicine. PMID- 7020169 TI - Importance of preoperative (not peroperative) transfusions for cadaver kidney transplants. AB - The outcome of 684 cadaver kidney transplants in recipients who had never been transfused was compared to that in 371 recipients who had been transfused only preoperatively. No significant difference in graft survival was observed. Peroperative transfusions were ineffective regardless of their number or the type of blood product. These results contradict a recent report on the benefits of peroperative transfusions. Transfusions given before transplantation continued to show a striking graft improvement effect in a new series of 538 transplants performed in 1979. PMID- 7020168 TI - Donald Marion Pillsbury, M.D. 1902-1980. PMID- 7020170 TI - Malakoplakia: evidence for an acquired disease secondary to immunosuppression. AB - A 44-year-old man was maintained on prednisone and azathioprine after renal transplantation. One and a half years after transplantation, he developed multiple perianal Escherichia coli abscesses. These became chronic and resisted antibiotic therapy. Histologically, the lesions were typical of malakoplakia. Peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes had impaired killing of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in vitro. No abnormality of hexose monophosphate pathway activity, tetrazolium dye reduction, lysosomal degranulation, or cyclic nucleotides could be demonstrated in either neutrophils or monocytes. Cholinergic agonists in vitro and in vivo did not improve bacterial killing by these cells. The infection resolved rapidly and bacterial killing returned to normal when the dose of azathioprine was reduced. Our findings, when considered with previous reports, suggest that there are different causes of malakoplakia and malakoplakia may be more common than previously thought. The etiology of malakoplakia should be identified for each patient if appropriate treatment is to be given. PMID- 7020171 TI - Immune responses to organ allografts. III. Marked decrease in medullary thymocytes and splenic T lymphocytes after cyclosporin A treatment. AB - Untreated LEW rats reject primarily vascularized Ag-B-incompatible LBNF1, BN, and WF cardiac allografts in 6 to 8 days. Cyclosporin A (CyA) administered 15 mg/kg/day i.m. for 7 days after grafting extends graft function greater than 100 days. Histological studies demonstrated that CyA treatment strikingly reduces the size and cellularity of the thymic medulla, splenic marginal zone, and splenic periarterial sheath by 97, 67 and 50%, respectively. These compartments are thought to contain cells of a single T lymphocyte lineage with helper and cytotoxic functions. CyA was less effective against cells in the thymic cortex and splenic red pulp, compartments thought to contain suppressor cells. CyA induced depletion of lymphoid tissues was maximal 7 to 14 days after completion of treatment. All compartments recovered nearly normal morphology by 50 to 100 days, although hyperplastic nodules were found in spleens of three WF heart graft recipients during the recovery phase. CyA was more effective, histologically, in inhibiting the immune response to heart grafts from WF than from LBNF1 or BN donors. Within 3 days after LBNF1 or BN heart grafting, moderate antibody production occurred in the spleen (as noted by increase in Ig-positive immunoblasts) and vascular damage occurred in the grafts. These signs of rejection were delayed until 14 days in WF heart grafted rats. In none of the strain combinations were these early reactions followed by a vigorous cellular infiltrate. Thus, CyA seems to decrease preferentially cytotoxic and helper T lymphocyte responses to cardiac allografts. PMID- 7020172 TI - Surgical therapy for persistent hypertension after renal transplantation. AB - The presence of the original diseased native kidneys in renal allograft recipients is associated with an increased prevalence of persisting post transplant hypertension. In 9 of 10 such transplant patients bilateral nephrectomy of these native kidneys, performed at least 1 year after successful transplantation of a renal allograft, resulted in improved blood pressure control. Although these 10 patients had higher peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) than normotensive patients (5.9 +/- 1.3 ng/ml/hr versus 1.5 +/- 0.3 mg/ml/hr), selective renal vein renin measurements did not consistently demonstrate higher renin concentrations from the native kidneys. Removal of the original kidneys was beneficial even in some patients who had stenosis of the allograft artery demonstrated by arteriography. PMID- 7020173 TI - Skin grafts in rabbits with cyclosporin A: absence of induction of tolerance and untoward side effects. PMID- 7020175 TI - Identical twin marrow transplantation for patients with leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 7020174 TI - Prolongation of skin allograft survival following donor irradiation and organ culture explanation. PMID- 7020176 TI - Failure of early administration of antithymocyte globulin to lessen graft-versus host disease in human allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 7020177 TI - Prevention of graft-versus-host reaction in mice by picogram quantities of highly purified spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide. PMID- 7020178 TI - Hydrocortisone and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Potentiation of allograft survival in mice. AB - We studied the effects on survival of allogeneic skin grafts after treatment with hydrocortisone and/or inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis: indomethacin and flufenamate. We found a marked synergistic effect of combined treatment with hydrocortisone and indomethacin or flufenamate. Neither hydrocortisone nor indomethacin or flufenamate, when given alone in relatively small doses, caused delayed graft rejection. However, when small doses of hydrocortisone were used in combination with flufenamate or indomethacin, the median survival time (MST) of allogeneic grafts was prolonged from 11.4 days to 20.9 and 23.8 days, respectively. Moreover, the increase in graft survival was comparable to that obtained by treatment with relatively high doses of azathioprine alone or combined with hydrocortisone. The finding of synergism between low doses of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and glucocorticoids in delaying graft rejection suggests that such treatment might provide a relatively safer means of achieving clinical immunosuppression than the high doses of steroids and azathioprine currently in use. PMID- 7020179 TI - Implication of the H-2L locus in hybrid histocompatibility (Hh-1). AB - The Hh-1 (hybrid histocompatibility) effect in which F1 hybrids with heterozygosity at the "D end" of the H-2 complex can reject parental grafts of the H-2b haplotype was examined in four H-2 mutants wherein the mutation had affected the H-2Db, H-2Dd, or H-2Ld genes. In bone marrow grafting experiments it was shown that two separate mutations affecting the H-2Db locus did not affect the Hh-1 gene, suggesting that H-2Db and Hh-1 are probably two different genes. By contrast, experiments with two mutants, one affecting the H-2Dd and H-2Ld loci (B10.D2-H-2dm1) and the other a loss mutation at the H-2Ld locus (BALB/c-H-2dm2), demonstrate an alteration in the hybrid histocompatibility phenomenon and the presumption is made that the Hh-1 and H-2Ld locus are identical. This presumption was supported by studies of Hh-1 using the EL4 tumor grafting model where marked differences in growth were noted in the (B10 X BALB/c)F1 and (B10 X BALB/c-H 2dm2)F1 hybrids. By contrast, the functionally related natural killer (NK) phenomenon appeared to be the same in the BALB/c parent and dm2 mutant. Hybrid histocompatibility is a complex phenomenon but at this time we conclude that the H-2L locus is related to, if not identical to the Hh-1 gene but the H-2L locus is distinct from genes affecting the NK phenomenon. PMID- 7020180 TI - Prolongation of renal allograft survival in the rat by pretreatment with donor antigen and cyclosporin A. AB - Pretreatment of LEW rats with cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg/day orally for 14 days) plus 10(8) DA or (DA X LEW)F1 spleen lymphocytes on two occasions markedly prolonged the survival of subsequent DA renal allografts. The lymphocytotoxic antibody response was suppressed completely and renal biopsies showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltrate, but no other manifestations of rejection. Neither pretreatment with cyclosporin A alone nor pretreatment with splenic lymphocytes alone had any effect on the subsequent immune reaction. The immunosuppressive effect generated was dependent upon the dose of lymphocytes given, because pretreatment with 10(7) cells on two occasions plus cyclosporin A was relatively ineffective at prolonging renal allograft survival. Pretreatment with 10(8) (DA X LEW)F1 spleen cells plus cyclosporin A was also an effective combination, and ruled out the possibility that graft-versus-host (GVH) disease was responsible for the observed immunosuppression. This pretreatment protocol exhibited specificity in terms of rejection of a third-party (PVG) renal allograft, but not in terms of the lymphocytotoxic antibody response to this graft. Chimerism was not detected in long-term surviving animals using a 51Cr release assay. When pretreatment was performed in LEW rats with a DA skin allograft plus cyclosporin A, a subsequent DA renal allograft was rejected normally, in combination with the skin graft. These findings suggest that clonal deletion had not occurred in these pretreatment protocols, but that a shift in immunoregulatory mechanisms was responsible for the long survival. There are possible clinical implications for the use of pretreatment schedules using donor antigen and cyclosporin A. PMID- 7020181 TI - Acute rejection and angiography in renal transplantation. A prospective study. AB - In a prospective randomized study, 25 recipients of primary cadaveric renal grafts with immediate onset of function were studied. Thirteen patients were submitted to a "base line" angiography of the graft on days 5 to 11 after transplantation, while 12 patients served as controls. HLA compatibility, pretransplant blood transfusions, and recipient age differed only slightly between the two groups. Six of 13 patients in the angiographed group showed clinical evidence of acute rejection within the first 14 days after grafting; of these rejections, two were diagnosed prior to angiography. In the control group, 9 of 12 patients rejected their grafts within the first 2 weeks. Thus, there was no indication that renal angiography in the early post-transplant period precipitated acute rejection crises, as has earlier been suggested. PMID- 7020182 TI - Absence of the beneficial effect of blood transfusions in canine renal allograft recipients treated with low-dose cyclosporin A. PMID- 7020183 TI - Multiple immunoblastic sarcoma of the small intestine following renal transplantation. PMID- 7020184 TI - The diagnostic value of enzymatic and immunological tests in human trichinellosis. AB - No correlation between the clinical course of trichinellosis and the level of positive titre in immunological tests and total activity of LDH was found. In severe courses of trichinellosis, however, the maxima of total LDH activity appeared earlier. In the described epidemics of trichinellosis the increase in iso-4 and iso-5 of LDH was followed by an increase in LDH activity in 50% of cases, but the maxima in both the biochemical tests appeared 1-6 weeks earlier than the maxima in the immunological tests. For this reason, the biochemical tests could be of diagnostic value in the first weeks of invasion. PMID- 7020185 TI - Erythrocyte destruction and protective immunity to Malaria: enhancement of the immune response by phenylhydrazine treatment. AB - Malaria infection is characterized by extensive destruction of erythrocytes. In addition, the surface membrane of parasitized erythrocytes becomes biochemically and antigenically modified. Thus during infection the host immune system is exposed to massive amounts of modified erythrocytes on a scale not normally considered in conventional immunological experiments. The haemocytoxic drug phenylhydrazine hydrochloride has been used to mimic, in otherwise normal animals, the effect of the modification and destruction of erythrocytes which occurs in malaria. The experiments demonstrated that protective immunity to Plasmodium berghei KSP11 infection in rats and mice is significantly enhanced by this treatment, that this effect generates memory, can be transferred with spleen cells, and can have both enhancing and suppressive action on the protective immune response. PMID- 7020188 TI - [Rapid method of studying X- and Y-chromatin in embryonic tissues]. PMID- 7020187 TI - [Medical genetic importance of studies of human embryonic organs]. PMID- 7020186 TI - Detection of a proteinase common to epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote lysates presented proteolytic activity both at pH 7.0 (Km = 2.5 mg casein/ml, Km = 12.2 mg hemoglobin/ml) and at pH 3.0 (Km = 2.5 mg hemoglobin/ml). A proteinase was isolated from these lysates by using three different steps: 1) Precipitation at -20 degrees C, pH 4.5, with 80% acetone; 2) Sephadex G200 chromatography and 3)Affinity chromatography on columns of Sepharose 4B coupled to p-aminophenylmercuri-acetate. The isolated proteinase, which is probably an SH-dependent enzyme, was able to hydrolyze hemoglobin at pH 3.0 and both casein and hemoglobin at pH 7., but was unable to hydrolyze the esterase synthetic substrate tested. A single enzyme of molecular weight 60,000 could be detected in purified preparations when analysed by disc gel electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex chromatography. Antibodies induced by the purified proteinase, shown to be specific for proteinase molecules by line immunoelectrophoresis experiments, reacted with epimastigota of the Y strain and with trypomastigota and amastigota of five different strains tested. Electron microscopy observations of peroxidase labeled preparations indicated that the proteinase could be found at the surface of different forms of the parasite. PMID- 7020190 TI - [Use of the Elektronika-T3-16M special-purpose computer for the automatic processing of cytophotometric and cytofluorimetric data]. AB - A system has been proposed to provide the automatic analysis of data on: a) point cytophotometry, b) two-wave cytophotometry, c) cytofluorimetry. The system provides the input of the data from a photomultiplier to a specialized computer "Electronica-T3-16M" in addition to the simultaneous statistical analysis of these. The information on the programs used is presented. The advantages of the system, compared with some commercially available cytophotometers, are indicated. PMID- 7020189 TI - [Structural and chemical organization of the myelin sheath]. PMID- 7020192 TI - [Improved method of cloning human diploid fibroblasts]. PMID- 7020191 TI - [Colony-forming activity of xenogeneic bone marrow preserved at -196 degrees C]. PMID- 7020193 TI - Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Guyana. AB - The serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Guyana was determined utilising the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and the complement fixation (CF) tests. Babesia bigemina IFA and CF antibody activity was detected in 80% and 40% respectively of the sera from native cattle while IFA and CF antibody activity to Babesia bovis was observed in 61% and 16% of the sera. The prevalence of antibody was compared between calves less than 6 months of age and mature cattle. There was little difference between the CF and IFA tests for B. bigemina in the calves but the prevalence of IFA antibody activity to B. bovis in calves and to B. bovis and B. bigemina was greater in adult cattle. Examination of sequential serum samples from imported calves revealed that CF antibody activity appeared earlier but by day 51 following exposure to natural infection the prevalence of antibody as determined by both tests was the same. PMID- 7020194 TI - An evaluation of elective irradiation of neck nodes in patients with cancer of the supraglottic larynx. AB - Between 1964 and 1973, 152 patients with supraglottic cancer limited to the larynx with clinically negative neck were included in the controlled randomized study designed to evaluate elective irradiation of the neck. The patients were randomized to one of the 2 treatment groups: 1) "T+N": irradiation of the larynx and all neck nodes, tumor dose 5130 rad/6-7 weeks, 2) "T": irradiation of the laryngeal portals only, tumor dose 5130 rad/5 weeks. All patients received 250 kV orthovoltage irradiation. The biologic dose delivered to the larynx was greater in group "T" because of faster fractionation and shorter overall time of therapy. The calculated NSD value for the patients in group "T+N" varied from 1620 to 1690 ret, and in group "T" it was 1800 ret. Five-year survival rates with a preserved larynx and without cancer were 45.3% for group "T+N" and 66.2% for group "T". Seven patients of group "T" developed metastatic cancer in the neck, and 4 of them were cured by neck dissection. It is concluded that patients with early supraglottic cancer can be successfully irradiated through laryngeal portals only, including the larynx, and possibly midjugular and digastric nodes. The tumor dose should be at least equivalent to the NSD of 1800 ret in the condition of megavoltage therapy. PMID- 7020195 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone and insulin on (14C)-glycine and (3H)-methionine incorporation into spleen proteins in alloxan-diabetic rats]. AB - The intensity of labelled amino acid incorporation into spleen total proteins of albino rat with experimental diabetes was studied as influenced by hydrocortisone, insulin and both hormones simultaneously. Hydrocortisone inhibits and insulin stimulates the [14C] glycine and [3H] methionine incorporation into total proteins of alloxan-diabetic rat spleen. Under simultaneous administration of both hormones the inhibitory hydrocortisone effect is allayed by insulin. It is suggested that an increased level of glucocorticoid hormones in blood is one of the reasons of protein metabolism disturbance under diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7020196 TI - [Valuable contribution to the biochemistry of muscles (A. I. Silikova)]. AB - The paper deals with the results of scientific activity of A. I. Silakova (1908 1980) The main data are presented obtained by A. I. Silakova concerning the physiological role and transformation ways of glutamine in the muscular tissue. Her achievements are marked in development of some techniques, the isolation of pure fraction of muscular nuclei in particular, which create the necessary prerequisites for extending the research of biochemical processes in muscular nuclei and their membranes. PMID- 7020197 TI - [Brain prealbumins]. AB - The paper generalizes the results of research concerned with structural heterogeneity of the nervous system prealbumins, their posttranslation modifications, interactions and complexing with low- and high-molecular compounds as well as of individual prealbumins of the nervous tissue, their dynamic state in the brain-blood-cerebrospinal fluid system. PMID- 7020198 TI - [Composite graft of bone and skin in treating a large defect of bone and skin of the lower leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020201 TI - [Calcinosis in the renal transplant patient]. PMID- 7020199 TI - [Treatment of infected long defect-pseudarthrosis of the tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020203 TI - [Mr. Alphonse Guerin's cotton wadding bandages]. PMID- 7020202 TI - [Isotopic studies in renal transplantation]. PMID- 7020200 TI - [Hypertension: pathogenetic factors, evaluation and risk factors]. PMID- 7020204 TI - Hyperoxaluria in malabsorptive states. AB - During the last 10 years it has become apparent that hyperoxaluria often is present in malabsorptive states. This secondary hyperoxaluria could be explained by an increased uptake of dietary oxalate due to malabsorption of fatty acids and bile salts. Dietary prescriptions, including a low fat diet is advocated in the treatment of hyperoxaluria in Crohn's disease or after small bowel resection. PMID- 7020205 TI - The influence of angiotensin II antagonist postischemic acute renal failure. AB - In 34 dogs the effect of a 90-min period of warm ischemia on renal perfusion and function was studied with and without (Sar1, Ile8) angiotensin II treatment. In the first 3 h after the release of renal arterial occlusion, a significant influence of the angiotensin II antagonist on changes in postischemic vascular resistance, intrarenal hemodynamics and renal function could be demonstrated, all being well preserved in the treated group. PMID- 7020206 TI - Percutaneous catheterization of the kidney and perinephric space: trocar technique. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy can be accomplished by using a trocar-cannula assembly without resorting to serial dilations of the tube tract or utilizing stiff catheters. After puncture the trocar is removed and a catheter inserted through the cannula; then the cannula is removed. A large number of these procedures have been performed and have been found to be simple and quite safe. The method is able to provide nephrostomy drainage in virtually any case of ureteral obstruction or leak, and can be used to drain perinephric fluid collections as well. Antegrade pyelography precedes trocar puncture; puncture is most easily guided by fluoroscopy. The technique is described in detail; indications, applications, complications, and contraindications are outlined. PMID- 7020207 TI - Therapy for renal calculi via percutaneous nephrostomy: dissolution and extraction. AB - Nephrostomy catheters offer nonsurgical modes of therapy for some renal stones. Continuous lavage of the stones using hemiacidrin (Renacidin) for struvite stones, THAM-E or acetylcysteine for cystine stones, and bicarbonate solution for uric acid stones may dissolve either entire stones or stone fragments remaining after surgery. Although irrigation is not without potential complications, recent developments in technique have minimized these. Nephrostomy tubes can also be used to transmit stone baskets through steerable catheters to snare stones from the upper collecting system or from the ureter; any stone that can be engaged and withdrawn through the tube tract can be removed; stones larger than those which can be safely extracted through the ureterovesical junction can be so treated. Neither of these procedures requires general anesthesia, the rate of serious morbidity is low, and the required hospital stay is often less than that for surgery; these modes of therapy are therefore valuable for certain patients. PMID- 7020208 TI - Percutaneous drainage of renal and perinephric abscess. AB - Computed tomography and ultrasonography are effective methods for diagnosis and localization of renal and perinephric abscesses. In patients with clinical suspicion of sepsis, diagnostic needle aspiration of these lesions can be safely performed extraperitoneally by using sectional imaging for guidance. When an abscess is confirmed, small catheters can be introduced percutaneously via the diagnostic aspiration route to provide immediate decompression as well as continuous and definitive drainage without need for surgery. In 8 cases so treated, there were no major complications, deaths, or recurrences. These results, obtainable without the risks of surgery, indicate that patients with renal or perinephric abscesses should be offered a trial of percutaneous drainage as a definitive method of therapy. Those cases not amenable to percutaneous drainage, or those in which the procedure has failed, can then be drained surgically. Percutaneous abscess drainage is widely applicable because it can be performed in any uroradiologic facility with access to sectional imaging. PMID- 7020209 TI - Transcatheter hemostasis in the genitourinary tract. AB - Transcatheter hemostasis is applicable in a large variety of causes of genitourinary hemorrhage. The method is particularly useful in the management of trauma since temporary occlusion of the bleeding vessel usually produces cessation of hemorrhage without significant sacrifice of additional parenchyma. Control of arteriovenous fistulas requires an assessment of flow characteristics and careful tailoring of catheter and embolization technique; large emboli or glue is frequently required for occlusion of large fistulas, whereas small ones can be treated with Ivalon. Hemorrhage from renal or pelvic neoplasm is also effectively managed by transcatheter therapy. PMID- 7020210 TI - Angiography in diagnosis of renal tumors: current concepts. PMID- 7020211 TI - Vasovasostomy--is the microscope necessary? AB - Many techniques for vasovasostomy have been described, with each author suggesting his technique as the most effective procedure. Theoretical considerations such as leakage of sperm, obstruction, and narrowing of anastomosis suggest that a stentless technique with exact approximation of mucosal edges results in improved success rates. Careful macroscopic surgery with loupes, fine suture material, and experience on the part of the surgeon will give good results and pregnancy rates of 50 per cent. The value of microsurgery, however, becomes obvious when the anastomosis is performed in the convoluted portion of the vas and the epididymis. The microscope allows more mobility in allowing one to determine if the patient had a block proximal to the vasectomy site and then bypass these blocks. The success of vasovasostomy depends greatly on the surgeon's experience with the actual surgical technique. Although technique is of paramount importance, there are factors other than technique that determine the pregnancy rate. Factors important in the success of vasovasostomy, macro- and microscopic techniques, basic concepts, principles and techniques of the various procedures, and the merits and limitations of each procedure, will be discussed.